Angiotensin II (AngII)‐mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process is unclear. We used small RNA deep sequencing to profile AngII‐regulated miRNAs and evaluated their role in rat VSMC. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the predicted targets of AngII‐responsive miRNAs can modulate biological processes relevant to cardiovascular diseases. Further studies showed time‐ and dose‐dependent upregulation of miR‐32 and miR‐212 cluster (miR‐132/212) by AngII. We identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as a novel target of miR‐132 and showed miR‐132 mediates monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) induction in VSMC partly via PTEN repression. miR‐132 overexpression also enhanced cyclic AMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation whereas its inhibition attenuated AngII‐induced CREB activation. Furthermore, miR‐132 induction by AngII required CREB activation, demonstrating a positive feedback loop. Notably, aortas from AngII‐infused mice showed higher levels of miR‐132/212 and MCP‐1. In addition, microarray analysis combined with RT‐QPCR revealed that a subset of genes downregulated by AngII was miR‐132 predicted targets, and they are associated with AngII functions. These results suggest that miR132/212 fine‐tunes and amplifies AngII actions in VSMC.


Abstracl-The aim of this paper is to introduce a flight control confrguration of an autopilot Cor an unmanned small helicopter under hovering night On a helicopter test bench. The flight controller is an attitude controller with a two-degree-of-freedom structure, which is cascaded with an additional posi~ion.contro~ loop. fi0 different design for the two-degree-of-freedom controller based on H , theory are Presented and applied to the horhntal motion of the helicopter. In the first approach, the feedback and the prefilter are designed by shaping the closed-loop transfer functions and by using an H, optimization procedure. The second method uses the H , open-loop shaping approach for the feedback design with an extended scheme for the feed-forward path. Both controller Robust controllers based on H , theory are suited for mu]tiple.input and mu]tiple.output systems, whose internal variables are strongly connected and partly measurable. The theoretical background of the two approaches best known for H , controllers is described in Section 2. Section 3 provides information on the mathematical helicopter model that is used for the control design. In Section 4 the flight control structure and the application of the H , theory are presented. In the last section, the individual designs are evaluated at the test bench. and to show the


Over the course of the AIDS epidemic, behavioral scientists have sought to apply theoretical constructs to explain risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission and to develop interventions leading to behavior change. One of the oldest cognitive behavioral theories is the health belief model. According to this theory, individuals are more likely to change a given behavior if they believe that such behavior increases their risk for a certain condition and if they believe that this condition will form a serious threat to their health or well-being. In addition, they are also more likely to make behavioral adjustments if they believe that behavioral change will reduce susceptibility to the condition or its severity and that the perceived benefits of changing behavior outweigh potential negative effects.1 The health belief model has been used as a theoretical framework for a variety of health behavioral interventions, including breast self-examination, seatbelt use, exercise, nutrition, smoking cessation, and making visits to physicians for health checkups.1 It is interesting, therefore, that during the era of greatest activity in the development of theory-based behavioral interventions to prevent transmission and acquisition of HIV infection (roughly between 1985 and 1995), there did not seem to be much interest in using the health belief model as a guiding theoretical construct. A major reason for this seems to be that at the time there appeared to be an apparent lack of association between perceived risks of exposure to HIV (or of getting AIDS) and the likelihood of taking actions to prevent HIV transmission.2 In defense of the health belief model, however, it could be argued that the main behavioral effects as predicted by the model had already occurred when spontaneous, grass-roots prevention actions had taken place in the early phases of the epidemic, i.e., long before behavioral scientists became seriously involved in the development and implementation of theorydriven behavioral interventions. When they did, high-risk populations (the targets for such interventions) had been depleted of those individuals for whom the mere perception of risk and seriousness of disease had been sufficient to remove themselves from the risk pool. The size of this effect should not be underestimated. Behavioral change among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly reductions in number of partners and episodes of unprotected anal intercourse, was significant across the United States and Europe in the early phases of the epidemic, as witnessed by dramatic declines in the incidence of gonorrhea and syphilis in this population. For example, among MSM visiting the Denver Public Health sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic, cases of gonorrhea plummeted from 1809 cases in 1982 to 90 cases in 1988 (a 95% decrease), while primary and secondary syphilis cases fell from 138 to 20 (an 85% decrease).3 As the remaining at-risk populations appeared to be less sensitive to prevention messages targeting risk perceptions, behavioral scientists sought to apply other theoretical models to guide the development of interventions, including psychological constructs focusing on self-efficacy or the importance of attitudes and perceived social norms, as well as sociological models such as diffusion of innovation and peer-leader models.4 Still, it could be argued that these interventions continued to "work" against the backdrop of perceived susceptibility and threats to health, providing the extra push needed to accomplish risk reductions that others had already achieved by just pondering the risks alone.


In order to consolidate market position and avoid market risk,domestic firms make overseas investment or build production bases in foreign countries to strengthen core competitiveness.Under the effects of technology and learning rate,the paper studies the issue of across-national manufacturing transfer by considering the uncertainty of the host country of production base and the diversity of products with different technical levels.It obtains the most appropriate technology transfer rate and learning rate,and finds that,as for the sensitivity to the profits of supply chain based on across-national production transfer among learning rate,inflation rate and exchange rate,exchange rate is the strongest,inflation rate is the second,and learning rate is the weakest.


Cities are facing environmental crises like never before, with problems of excess water runoff, degraded water quality, air pollution, and energy use reaching critical levels. The development of urban areas and the built environment is the primary cause of these problems and the built environment needs to be a part of the solution. This design thesis project produces a prototype design for the Urban EcoHousing development on a city block in Alexandria, Virginia. Design goals for the project connect the "Ecological Services of the Urban Landscape" to the "Rights of the Urban EcoHousing Resident" to create livable green spaces that can serve ecological functions and give the residents spaces to use. A comparison study with a conventional housing development at the same location illustrates that ecohousing can meet the requirements of the conventional development while providing superior results for the residents and the environment. Green Infrastructure: The Landscape of Urban EcoHousing Meredith C. Upchurch


This article analyzes the genre specificity of Dmitry Galkovsky's novel "The Infinite deadlock". The main purpose of the article is to see included genre elements in the text of the novel and their interconnections, to determine peculiarity of the genre in the novel. The author draws attention to the fact that Galkovsky uses fictional (invented) reviews for his own novel. The article research proves that "The Infinite deadlock" is consistent novel, which includes many different genre forms. Fictional synthesis of the novel is inseparably linked with the idea of expanding the boundaries of literature and involving new elements in it.


This article proposes a practical methodology for performing information security maturity assessment for organisations which operate an Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on the ISO 27001:2013 standard. The methodology uses a COBIT 5-comparable method to evaluate the maturity level of the security controls and clauses in ISO 27001:2013 and leverages on the guidelines in ISO 27002:2013. It was successfully used in an undisclosed company. Information security professionals can benefit from applying the same methodology or a similar one in organisations of various size and nature. The final product of the assessment is metrics and recommendations for improvement of the ISMS, which can be used for tactical and strategic decision-making, as well as input for organisational information security risk management.


This Masters Thesis was carried out in cooperation with Syntronic AB. The purpose was todetermine what was possible in terms of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) serverperformance on selected hard ...


In this article the author presents the potential utility of performance measurement methods and mechanisms of arts and cultural organization. The aim is to highlight some important themes by stressing particularly: the requested connection between organizational preconditions of measurement in art and cultural organization (goals-resource-results) and performance measurement; the description and interpretation of utility and utilization of performance measurement in three major perspectives (within arts and cultural organizations; during value creation processes between arts and cultural organizations and other organizations; for policy makers).


The complete amino-acid sequence of mouse submaxillary gland preprorenin is report-ed, and a model presented for the maturation of preprorenin into prorenin and the mature active form of renin. Properties of prorenin, renin, and other aspartyl proteases are compared. The biological significance of prorenin and its relationship to inactive renin are explored.


We analyze splitting algorithms for a class of two-dimensional fluid equations, which includes the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and the surface quasi-geostrophic equation. Our main result is that the Godunov and Strang splitting methods converge with the expected rates provided the initial data are sufficiently regular.


We analyze the asymptotic behavior of a variational model for damaged elastic materials. This model depends on two small parameters, which govern the width of the damaged regions and the minimum elasticity constant attained in the damaged regions. When these parameters tend to zero, we nd that the corresponding functionals -converge to a functional related to frac- ture mechanics. The corresponding problem is brittle or cohesive, depending on the asymptotic ratio of the two parameters. 1. Introduction. In damage models for linearly elastic materials the elasticity tensor depends continuously and monotonically on an internal variable v. This is a function dened


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H18N4O6.2H2O, the 1,3-oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine ring portion of the heterocyclic system is planar and seems to possess a π-stacking interaction with the phenyl ring of the ester group.


The purpose of this research is to clarify the position of the Dramidamantrapada (Dravidan incantation) explained to the Karunapundrika (KP, _??__??__??_) in Indian Buddhist literature.According to chapter 2 of the KP, if Bodhisattvas recite the Dramidamantrapada, they can achieve the Sarvajnakaradharanimukhapravesa. Moreover, the Mahamayurividyarajni (MV, _??__??__??__??__??_) explains the magical power of the Dramida-mantrapada.On the other hand, the Abhidharma-mahavibhasa-sastra and the Udanavarga explain the Four Noble Truths (_??__??_) in the Dravidian dialect.As a result, we can particularly posit the KP as being closely related to the MV.


We studied the size-fractionized phytoplankton community structure characteristics and their response to environmental factors by investigating the photosynthetic pigment concentration and composition; composition and abundance of algal phyla levels; and environmental factors in typical lakes of Hubei Southeastern, China for four seasons. High-performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) results show that the total chlorophyll concentration was 36,418.62 mg/m, and the contribution rates of microplankton, nanoplankton, and picoplankton to the total biomass were 13.43%, 49.08%, and 37.49%, respectively. Fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, and chlorophyll b were the main photosynthetic pigments. However, the spatial and temporal distribution had significant differences in the four typical lakes. Chemical taxonomy (CHEMTAX) calculation indicates that the dominant species were Diatoms and Cryptophytes in spring, Euglenophytes in summer, Euglenophytes and Cyanobacteria in autumn, and Euglenophytes and Cryptophytes in winter. The Chrysophyte and Dinoflagellates have the lowest proportion for all seasons. The redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrates that the key environmental factors for the succession were Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). The application of the HPLC-CHEMTAX method has provided the first analysis of the community structure of size-fractionized phytoplankton in typical lakes of Hubei Southeast, China, and environmental factors affect the succession of size-fractionized phytoplankton over time. This study provides theoretical bases that the comprehensive research on different size phytoplankton in freshwater.


Antitrust authorities traditionally have sought to prohibit obviously anticompetitive horizontal agreements such as price-fixing, market divisions, and boycotts. The theoretical and empirical economic basis for challenging such collusive agreements is well understood.1 Absent some economic integration, efficiency justifications are unlikely. Appropriately, such "naked" anticompetitive agreements are analyzed as per se violations.


Abstract Daphnia magna is one of the natural food which is used widely in fish hatchery. Generally, Daphnia magna is used widely in larval rearing of fish that are traded in the form of resting eggs called ephipia. Ephipia production can be performed with Daphnia magna culture in conditions that are not optimal, one of which is pollution. If the conditions are not optimal then the parthenogenesis Daphnia magna would produced a male individual. The presence of Daphnia magna males will initiate sexual reproduction, where Daphnia magna males will perform on the female and copulation produce ephipia. Ephipia production is influenced by the efficiency of matting, reproduction ephipia will improve if a high mating eficiency of Daphnia magna. Mating eficiency describes the number of females that successflly fertilized by the male.The purpose of this study is to determine the reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna male's induction of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and the Pesticide Diazinon on mating efficiency and quality ephipia produced. The research method used is an experimental method by using completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications so that was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. This study uses the ratio of male to female sex 1:30 for each treatment. The treatments in this study consist of control males mated with females, male induced lead (Pb) were mated with female, males induced cadmium (Cd) were mated with females, the male mated with the induction of pesticide Diazinon female. Results showed that treatments using natural male produced an average value of mates which were the highest efficiency and quality ephipia optimal, with precentage of 88,66 and 88,71. So that in order to produce ephipia in large quantities and quality needed natural male culture can be done in the unpolluted waters.


The micro-molding of bulk amorphous me sub-micrometer to sub-millimeter surface fe es n of he bulk e glass wafers asters. ractions addition ld twoeen the


By means of on-site investigation, inspection, interior experiments, theoretical analysis and calculation, a detailed analysis is carried out on the cause of the partial collapse accident about a waste-heat boiler steel structure in a cement plant of Hunan province of China. The results of inspection and analysis show that: as a key part of load transfer, the connection weld of long thin steel plate is poor in quality, meanwhile, the detail of beam-column connection can not meet the requirement of rigid joint stipulated by the design, which are the main causes for the collapse accident of boiler steel structure. Based on the analysis of accident cause, some problems worthy of consideration are put forward to the design and construction of this kind of structure, such as the weld procedure and quality control of long thin steel plate connection weld, etc.


A system is described which allows the user to define the syntax of a command language. This is done by reading in the syntax in the form of a Transition Network. The result is an improved user oriented language and increased flexibility of the system.


Presents works selected for exhibition in the II Inter-American Biennial of Video Art.
Following the opening of the 51st Venice Biennial, IDB Cultural Center II Inter-American Biennial of Video Art was open in Rome on June 16, 2005.


The invention discloses a three-dimensional similarity simulation test method including the steps: A, test-piece preparation; B, loading; and C, excavation and observation. By the method, complex distribution phenomena of coal bed stress in different roof movement phases during underground excavation can be simulated, and large-inclination-angle ore bed test pieces can be manufactured more conveniently and effectively, so that rock masses can be guaranteed to be under the three-directional stress condition in the whole excavation process, underground space excavation under more working conditions can be studied, the height on the earth surface of a whole system is decreased, construction cost is lower, and the system is more stable.


Information-theoretic fundamental limitation in feedback control system is an important topic for decades. In this paper, a new bode-like fundamental inequality in causal feedback control system is developed. This inequality relates directed information, mutual information and bode sensitivity functions. This inequality recovers previous known results in feedback system as special cases.


The model proposed by Henderson (1967) for the teaching of mathematical concepts has provided an objective way to identify the moves that a teacher makes during instruction. Hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of different sequences of moves have been generated and tested. For instance, Rector and Henderson (1970) found a characterization sequence of moves to be significantly better than any of the following sequences: characterization-exemplification, exemplification-characterization, and exemplification-characterization-exemplification, whenever the criterion was classified at the knowledge and comprehension levels. The number of moves for a given sequence and the number of concepts taught were fixed at five and 11, respectively. By limiting the number of concepts to one and by shortening the instructional time to one period Gaston and Kolb (1973) found an exemplification sequence of moves to be superior to the two sequences: characterization-exemplification and exemplification-characterization-exemplification on an exemplification criterion test. However, it took 38 exemplification moves to accomplish this. Perhaps from these studies more questions have been raised than answers produced. The differences between the two studies-namely, the moves, the sequencing of moves, the concepts, the length of instructional time, the experimental period, and the criterion tests-indicate the many possibilities that can be constructed from the model.


Being humane is a primary requirement for mutual and healthy relations in society. African humanism is built on the notion of "I am because you are, and because you are, so I am." Accordingly, humanism is the lifeblood that nourishes an integrated and cohesive community, where respect and dignity of every individual is upheld. The study interrogated the portrayal of African humanism in the selected novels of the Kenyan writer, Meja Mwangi. In this paper, Meja Mwangi"s popular fiction, Going Down River Road (1976) and The Cockroach Dance (1979) are studied. The texts represent Mwangi"s urban-trilogy, among his forty-four novels. The study"s discussion was also enhanced by secondary texts such as relevant journals articles, books, theses and internet were obtained from the library during this research. The study was qualitative in approach, employing analytical research design in the collection and analysis of data. Qualitative data was gathered through content analysis. The study population comprised African popular fiction, with special focus on popular novels by Kenyan popular writers. The study sampled Meja Mwangi"s novels that are forty-four in number. Purposive sampling technique was employed with the inclusion criterion being Meja Mwangi"s novels that address the humanistic issues being investigated. The sample size was Meja Mwangi"s three urban-based novels. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources through close textual reading. Data analysis was conducted with the guidance of Marxist theoretical framework. Data collected was categorised along the study"s units of analysis, namely Meja Mwangi"s thematic concerns on African humanism, characterisation, and style. The study established that, in Mwangi"s novels, societal stratification influences the humaneness of individuals. It was further discovered that cohesion in the society exists when members adhere to moral values of human dignity and respect for human life. The study would presumably contribute to existing knowledge on humanism in literature and art. It also provides a basis for future research in literature, particularly that focusing on popular fiction and its reflections of Utu.


An exhaust emission control device of an internal combustion engine capable of suppressing deterioration in fuel efficiency by detecting a forced regeneration timing accurately and keeping a wide interval of forced regeneration. The exhaust emission control device comprises a filter (22) provided in the internal combustion (2) and trapping particulates in exhaust gas, and a functional section (21) provided in the exhaust system on the filter or on the upstream thereof and producing NO2. An exhaust quantity operating means A1 operates the exhaust quantity Me of particulates based on the excess air rate lambda. A combustion quantity operating means A2 operates the combustion quantity Mb of particulates based on the exhaust gas temperature on the upstream of the filter or the filter temperature. Furthermore, a deposition quantity operating means A3 operates the deposition quantity Ma of particulates based on the exhaust quantity Me of particulates and the combustion quantity Mb of particulates.


Researchers have argued that corporate contributions serve as necessitated investments, social currency, or social responsibility efforts. This article integrates and extends these perspectives to develop a view of corporate contributions as managerial masques. It argues that managers use corporate contributions to influence various stakeholders including stockholders, consumers, employees, investors, publics and societal institutions. A strategic framework is used to explore how managers promote managerial and corporate interests through corporate contributions. the societal implications of managers' discretionary uses of corporate contributions are also discussed.


garian treatises? Are they to be ignored ? or must we all become polyglots ? The writer recently asked an eminent German professor if he read Russian. His answer states the whole question. " No. If some stupid writes his descriptions in Japanese, must I thereupon study Japanese ?" It is time to cry a halt in this direction. The possibility of a literature of science in Japanese is not so remote, unless there be some universal agreement in regard to the language in which scientific discoveries must be clothed in order to claim early recognition. We do not know the merits of "Volapiik" as a medium of scientific publication, but we suggest that the time is at hand when that or some other common language will have to be formally adopted by scientific authors.


Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropl) tetrasulfide (TEPST) was found to affect the curing characteristics, physico-mechanical, and dielectric properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) samples filled with precipitated silica. The dielectric properties of these samples were studied by means of broadband Ac relaxation spectroscopy in the frequency range between 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz Hz and at different temperatures. The values of e' and e" decreased with the increase ofthe silane content. This could be due to the reduction in the number of silanol group which are highly polar by TEPST. The α―relaxation associated with glass-rubber transition shifts to lower frequencies at constant temperature as silane content reaches a value of 8 phr. In addition this investigation showed that bound rubber, cyclic fatigue life and tensile strength were optimized when 8 phr TEPST was added.


This chapter explores the legacy of Reza Shah, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty—the last dynasty to rule over Iran. It provides an overview of key military and other reforms undertaken by the king to modernize his country, as well as their implications for the advent of the modern state of Iran. The chapter also discusses how Reza Shah's reign laid out the foundations for the rise of the Islamic Republic


In the article development of the agent-based model of anemia prevalence in Russia is discussed. The structure of the model is presented, which includes agents-residents, food producers and sales agents. For each actor in the model, algorithms have been developed that determine their interactions. For food producers, their purchases, sales, production process and dynamics of investments in equipment are simulated. Simulation of sales agents includes the assortment formation and product prices, taking into account transport and trade margins. Households form their diet based on their income, composition, traditions and habits. The expected dynamics of anemia is modeled depending on the quality of the received food and the current stage of the disease. The article also discusses program realization and information support of the model, the user interface is presented. Three scenarios of the dynamics of the socio-economic environment of the model are formalized, taking into account epidemiological and external economic risks. A series of calculations was carried out to predict the dynamics of anemia prevalence under conditions of the developed scenarios. A program of subsidizing low-income families was proposed and its influence on availability of a balanced diet and anemia prevalence among Russian residents was studied.


"...[...]The volume is introduced with discussion of these mundane details not only because anthropologists are supposed to report context. We also wish to underline the role of AITs as enablers of the discussion of their cultural correlates that follows. While anthropologists have long encouraged global thinking, existing technologies allowed us to act on our thoughts with greater dispatch. We want this issue of JAI to have a similarly reverberating impact, broadening the issues on the agenda of both Indonesianist anthropology and cyberspace ethnography."


This article will explain and analyze Ali Mustafa Yaqub's hadith understanding on the hadith of transferring a heavy rain with a geographical approach. The author observes that there are still many problems of misunderstanding on this type of hadith that are apparent among Indonesian Muslim communities, especially the citizen of Jakarta when facing heavy rains and floods in early 2020. The geography science is not a source of Islamic law, but this science can be one of the instruments on understanding the hadith correctly. Based on the geomorphology of geography, the hadith prayer for transferring a heavy rain cannot be practiced by the Jakarta residents because that prayer will only cause floods in Jakarta due to heavy rain that came down in Bogor and return to Jakarta. Ali Mustafa offered a prayer for the citizens of Jakarta when facing heavy rain with the phrase "O Allah, send down a rain at the sea, not to us and around us". This kind of understanding is only applicable to the residents of Jakarta and other cities that have a form of land like Jakarta like Bekasi.  For the cities which have landforms like Madinah can recite the prayer because it was indeed recited by the Prophet when heavy rains and floods occurred in the Medina.


In this paper we introduce the concept of near g-Riesz basis and Besselain g-frame. We show that under some conditions the kernel of associated synthesis operator for a near g-Riesz basis is finite dimensional. Also we investigate the perturbation of near g-Riesz basis.


Aim:To investigate the clinical and pathological differences between HBV-associated membranous nephropathy(HBV-MN)and idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)in adults.Methods:Two hundred and seven patients with HBV-MN(n=70)or IMN(n=137)were enrolled in this study.The clinical and pathological results were compared between the two groups.Results:The mean age of the HBV-MN group was significantly younger than that of IMN group[(31.7±14.0)years vs(47.1±13.0)years;t=3.533,P0.001)].Mesangial proliferation was more commonly observed in HBV-MN group than that of IMN group(98.6% vs 69.3%;χ2=24.048,P0.001),and immunofluorescence discovery of HBV-MN group was various immune-complex deposition,and the deposition of the immune-complex,IgM,IgA,C3,C1q(χ2=18.175,21.990,16.448,and 50.846,P0.001),FRA(P=0.007)in the renal tissue between these two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion:Clinical features of HBV-MN are similar to those of IMN,but the two groups have their own characteristics in pathology,so the combination of clinical and pathological features is necessary to the diagnosis.


Number: 4043 AuthorBlock: Alan Kong, Luca Della Santina, Robert Stamper, Neeti Parikh, Taras Litvin, Emily Mak, Jennifer Currier, Hoover Chan, Yvonne Ou Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; DisclosureBlock: Alan Kong, None; Luca Della Santina, None; Robert Stamper, None; Neeti Parikh, None; Taras Litvin, None; Emily Mak, None; Jennifer Currier, None; Hoover Chan, None; Yvonne Ou, None; Purpose Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that involves damage and subsequent death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Functional assessment involves perimetry to quantify the degree of visual field loss, but this test is prone to subjectivity. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that glaucoma results in the differential impairment of specific RGC types, with OFF-RGCs more vulnerable than ON-RGCs. Retinal function can be assessed with an electroretinogram (ERG), but standard ERG equipment is bulky and requires substantial testing time. In this study, we asked whether a handheld ERG recording device could be used in glaucoma patients to objectively detect relative changes to ONand OFF-pathways. Methods Control and open-angle glaucoma subjects were recruited from UCSF glaucoma and comprehensive ophthalmology clinics. Patients with retinal diseases or significant cataracts were excluded. Data was recorded using the handheld ERG RETeval (LKC Technologies). We tested each eye with several standard electrophysiology paradigms set by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vison (ISCEV). We also utilized a novel custom-written sinusoidal wave pattern of light in order to separate ON vs. OFF responses. The sinusoidal stimulus was modulated between 0.3 Hz and 50 Hz. Data was analyzed with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results In total, 62 glaucoma eyes and 21 control eyes were tested. Baseline demographics were similar between the groups. The ERG results for the standard ISCEV protocols were largely similar to previous findings (e.g., PhNR amplitudes were depressed in glaucoma eyes). Our novel sinusoidal stimulus showed that for frequencies between 15 and 50 Hz, glaucoma eyes had significantly lower response amplitudes than control eyes. Most notably at 50 Hz, glaucoma eyes had a 48% reduction in ERG amplitude (control eyes: 3.50 ± 0.49 mV, glaucoma eyes: 1.82 ± 0.19 mV, p = 0.0012). Conclusions Our study is novel in that we utilized a sinusoidal light stimulus of varying frequencies. Studies in mice suggest that ERG responses to stimulus frequencies greater than 18 Hz reflect OFF pathway activity while 5 to 15 Hz reflect ON pathway activity. We found that the higher stimulus frequencies showed a greater decrease in response. A handheld ERG device using a sinusoidal wave pattern may provide an objective, fast, portable, and more comfortable diagnostic test to detect glaucoma. 2. Light adapted, full field, luminance response of patients with glaucoma using a handheld ERG device


In Tristram Shandy, Sterne forces us to recognize the limiting and distorting effects of the preconceptions which we may habitually impose upon new experience. This instructive confrontation with our own limits is accomplished by three central methods. Most frequently, we cannot resist judging situations that are under consideration by characters in the novel; then the processes that uncover their deluded prejudices lay bare ours as well. Through what amounts to a technique of parable, we are shown our own limitations as we discover those of Sterne's characters. Second, we are made to participate in the double meanings of words, with the effect that we recognize the tendency of our minds to make reductive assumptions on the basis of unreliable evidence. Finally, the narrator repeatedly manipulates us by deliberately disappointing expectations of narrative form developed through earlier reading. By arbitrarily departing from narrative convention, Sterne shows that arbitrariness lies in the conventions themselves and that our allegiance to them is a sign of a preference for convenient artifice over inconvenient reality. Such reevaluations of ourselves and our habitual responses persuade us of our need for the more complex perceptions of experience that Tristram Shandy demonstrates.


INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC E E G AGENCY N R Y 8th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE O PLASMA PHYSICS N AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH BRUSSELS, 1 - 1 0 July 1980 IAEA-CN-38/P-4-3 MULTI-MEGAJOULE HEAVY ION INDUCTION LINACS Andris Falte.is, Egon Hoyer, Denis Keefe L. Jackson L a s l e t t , Lloyd Smith Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, C a l i f . 94720 Roger 0. Bangerter Lawrence Livermore Laboratory University of California Livermore, C a l i f . William B. Herrmannsfeldt Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Palo A l t o , C a l i f . 94305 — DISCLAIMER - Thn boot WJS Qreoared as tn accounl ol nor* w o n n r t f by an agency ol th iMU'- « any legal (utility ot tesooniib'Htv ( ^ th* accuiKv. compWeneM. of uMtutntw o ' any mlotrntlaai, apparatus orodun. o> croceo d«toi«J. 1* rety^emi mat i l l u v wouW not - 'ling* p>n*lely oyrfiM ti^ra. Retenjnqe N i t i n to any turrit* mmmtfeiat tHoAja. orocraJ. •» wwcn b> itadt name, trademark. wnut*ctu f, (J otherwrsj. IJQM mil necenvily tonnltute or imuiy >H wxjonemem. reajmmenCalion. o» taywi*s by i f * United Stale* Government or any agency * * * The m u «nd ooirnom o' authon encroeiJ hewn Oo 01 neceiurily Kite or reflect t h n t u i t*e United Stain Gorprnment iy an. agency the™; rirt /PI*. » H r 'ST IS -jrjjCfTH


ABSTRACT Starts with an excerpt from Michael Rundell and Penny Stock, The Corpus revolution (ET30, 1992). An update on the rise and rise of electronic language corpora and their impact on dictionaries. How dramatically the world has changed since Penny Stock and I wrote about the 'Corpus Revolution' in 1992. At the time, it was not hard to predict that computer processing power and storage capacity would carry on doubling each year. It was already clear, too, that the arrival of the corpus would revolutionize the work of dictionary-makers – hence the title of our articles. These changes were well under way in 1992 and, sixteen years on, their effects are still being felt. In the process, dictionaries have got dramatically better – if by 'better' we mean that the description of language they provide corresponds more closely to the way people actually use words when they communicate with one another.


We investigated the effects of the presence of four duckweeds, Spirodela polyrhiza, Lemna minor, Lemna aequinoctialis, and Wolffia arrhiza, on phenol removal from environmental waters. Phenol was more rapidly removed from water with duckweeds than without duckweeds. In contrast, phenol concentrations did not decrease in autoclaved Hoagland solutions with sterilized duckweeds. These results indicated that all the duckweeds could mediate the acceleration of phenol removal from water and that the acceleration was not caused by phenol uptake by the duckweeds. S. polyrhiza and W. arrhiza were associated with the greatest acceleration of phenol removal. A variety of phenol-degrading bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp., Delftia spp., Azospirillum spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Zoogloea spp., were isolated from S. polyrhiza and W. arrhiza. Extracts from the duckweed plants promoted the cell growth and/or rate of phenol degradation by the bacterial isolates. These results suggest that duckweeds can provide a habitat for phenol-degrading bacteria, stimulate their growth, and enhance their phenoldegradation activity. The results of this study have helped to identify duckweed species best suited for treatment of phenol-polluted waters.


We study the stochastic dynamics of the electromagnetic field in a lossless cavity interacting with a beam of two-level atoms, given that the atomic states are measured after they have crossed the cavity. The atoms first interact at the exit of the cavity with a classical laser field E and then enter into a detector which measures their states. Each measurement disentangles the field and the atoms and changes in a random way the state |ψ(t)〉 of the cavity field. For weak atom-field coupling, the evolution of |ψ(t)〉 when many atoms cross the cavity and the detector is characterized by a succession of quantum jumps occurring at random times, separated by quasi-Hamiltonian evolutions, both of which depend on the laser field E. For E=0, the dynamics is the same as in the Monte Carlo wave function model of Dalibard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 580 (1992)] and Carmichael, An Open System Approach to Quantum Optics, Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 18 (Springer, Berlin, 1991)]. The density matrix of the quantum fiel...


ObjectivesTo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects in biweekly treatment of advanced large intestinal carcinoma with large dose of calcium tetrahydrofolate (CF) and 5 fluorouracil (5 Fu) aiming at offering evidence for its clinical application .MethodsSixty hospitalized patients were divided randomly into two groups:①Group A—infusion with large dose of CF(200 mg/m 2) and 5 Fu(3.0 g/m 2) was continued for 48 h biweekly;②Group B—CF(200 mg/m 2) and 5 Fu (400 g/m 2) was given from first to fifth day per 4 weeks. 58 patients were treated for more than two months.ResultsThe total effective rates in Groups A and B were 33.3%(10/30) and 21.5% (6/28) respectively , Group A being significantly higher than Group B (P0.05) .Periphlebitis was the most common complication in group A, with an occurrence rate of 80.1% ; 33.4% of the patients suffered from Ⅲ~ Ⅳgrade . Mucositis and diarrhea came to the next ; decrease in WBC count, Hb and platelet count (PtC) amounted to 6.6%, 13.3% and 13.4% among the patients, respectively .The occurrence rate of periphlebitis in Group B was 14.2%, whereas their reduction of WBC ,Hb and PtC were 7.1%,17.9%, and 14.4% ,respectively. Excepting significant difference in periphlebitis occurrence (P0.01), the rate of the other side effects revealed no obvious difference between both groups (P0.05).ConclusionThe biweekly treatment of advanced large intestinal carcinoma with large dose of CF and 5 Fu is effective , safe. and beneficial to its clinical application. [


We study the self-energy of a model with a tri-linear coupling among spinless fields on a manifold with one spatial dimension compactified. The model is considered to be composed by a quantized scalar field interacting with a classical scalar one. In order to improve the compactification we take the quantum field satisfying quasi periodic boundary conditions, which interpolates continuously the periodic and anti-periodic conditions, whilst the background field satisfies periodic boundary conditions. All the calculations are performed in Euclidean coordinates.


This paper reviews methodological approaches to the design (or redesign) of the supply chain (SC), including comprehensive approaches (proposals concerning the entire process of designing the SC) and those that deal with four specific aspects of the process (definition of the SC objectives, reverse SC, finance, and generation and use of scenarios) that have a decisive influence on the whole design of the SC. The comprehensive approaches include those based on typologies of products, markets and SCs and those that propose a succession of the stages to follow through the design process. The discussion shows that the use of typologies is not adequate to face SC design and that the methods proposing a succession of stages may suit, provided that they are developed and presented in a manner appropriate to their use for practitioners. The discussion leads also to suggest several research lines.


A straightforward method is outlined for the presentation of the temporal and spatial characteristics of interperistaltic intervals obtained from the canine ureter. The fundamental statistical property of ureteral peristaltic contractions is demonstrated to be multimodal. This is characterized by a basic rate and whole number multiples of that rate. The methods for identifying the relationship of peristalsis with the pacemaker and respiratory rate is outlined.


This article reports on outcomes from a study funded by the National College for School Leadership designed to explore the factors that assist in the leadership development of teachers at a number of stages of their career development. More specifically, the study sought to identify issues associated with leadership talent identification, development, succession and retention in contextually different primary and secondary schools in England. In the face of school leadership shortages in the United Kingdom and internationally, it has been suggested that leadership succession planning in individual schools can contribute to increasing the supply of successors as incumbent leaders leave their posts. Focus groups and a questionnaire were used to secure perceptions of heads, middle leaders and classroom teachers about leadership succession planning within their own schools. The study secures a better understanding of factors perceived either to aid or to hinder leadership succession planning across a sample of 70 schools. A variety of contextual, cultural and developmental influences on talent pool development and leadership succession planning are identified. The findings strongly indicate that a coherent and coordinated approach to leadership learning and development in individual schools, supported by incumbent senior leaders, is essential if succession planning is to be effective and the supply of able leaders entering the talent pool is to be increased.


Nephroblastoma (also known as Wilms' tumor) mainly occurs in the kidneys of children. Nephroblastoma outside the kidneys may be observed in three situations: primary disease, metastatic disease and nephroblastoma arising in teratoma. Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) of the adult ovary is a rare tumor and only one case has been reported. We report an unusual adult case of ovarian TWN presented to us with acute abdomen due to the spontaneous rupture of the ovary. The rupture occurred at the site of TWN, while contralateral ovary with only mature cystic teratoma component had no rupture. After one and a half months of the ovary sparing surgery, the tumor disseminated to the splenic hilum and the omentum. A complete staging with maximum cytoreduction followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were performed. She remains disease free until present.


The identification of spatial and temporal three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture is critically important in understanding genomic functionality, gene regulation and transcription. In recent years, a higher throughput, higher resolution method of chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) has been used to investigate genome-wide mapping of chromatin interactions, and reveals that genome is partitioned into topologically associating domains (TADs) with hierarchical structures. To identify hierarchical organization of TADs in Hi-C data, we propose generalized likelihood ratio tests for change-points in Hi-C matrices and study their asymptotic distributions. Based on these tests, we further develop a top-down and bottom-up procedure to decipher TAD structures from Hi-C contact profile. Comprehensive tests of our method on both simulated data and real Hi-C data of multiple human cell lines demonstrated that our approach can well detect hierarchical TADs organizations and show superior ability in estimating hierarchical TAD than existing methods. Our estimations on multiple cell lines show that the hierarchical TAD structures in active chromosomal regions are significantly more than those in repressive regions, indicating more precise controlling and regulation within active regions of human chromosomes.


TORAJA language, Bugis language, and Makassar language are major languages in South Sulawesi Province. These three local languages are classified into Malay Polynesia which functions as an identity marker of Torajan, Buginese, and Makassarese. This article aims to reveal the kinship relation among Toraja language, Bugis language, and Makassar language qualitatively through morphosyntax study. The primary data is utterances in Toraja language, Bugis language, and Makassar language, namely words, phrases, and sentences. The primary data were collected from Toraja language speakers, Bugis language speakers, and Makassar language speakers using interview and recording technique. The result shows that these three local languages have the same kinship relation. It was shown by its structure, namely Predicate + Subject with pattern V+S, N+S, and Adj+S. Furthermore, the kinship relation is also appeared in the use of first, second, and third person, i.e. '-na, -ko, -ka, -no, -ak, -kik, -i, -mu, nu and -ta. Such features not only functions as persona marker but it also functions as subject and honorific markers. Based on those features, it can be concluded that those three languages have a very close kinship relation, particularly in morphosyntax.


The rubbed polyimide (PI) and PI LB films were fabricated and treated to align the nematic liquid crystal (LC) 5CB. The rubbed polyimide (PI) films aligned LC cell shows a higher LC pretilt angle t...


" Tupac Amaru as a Symbol of Peruvian Nationalism " The evolution of Túpac Amaru II as a national symbol provides insight into the changing national consciousness of Peruvian society. In the eighteenth century, the Spanish officials branded Túpac Amaru as an outlaw, executing him in the Plaza de Armas of Cusco and sending his remains throughout Peru as a lesson to others who might attempt rebellion. Today, however, he is embraced by Peruvian officialdom as a hero, a champion of indigenous rights and a precursor to the independence movements of Latin America. Monuments portray him as a glorious soldier, streets bear his name, and children learn about him in school. Has the state finally embraced its Indian population and Peru's Inca roots? The answer to this question is complicated, and requires a historical exploration, both of the Túpac Amaru revolution and of how the leader's image has changed over time. National heroes are often adopted to serve the needs of the present, and Túpac Amaru is no exception. For this reason, he is frequently misrepresented and misunderstood, celebrated by whatever political party needs him in order to accomplish its goals. The evolution of his image from 1780 until now reflects a change in Peruvian consciousness in favor of placing higher value in indigenous culture. However, the motivation for adopting Túpac Amaru has not always been to promote indigenous rights; rather,


Ginseng,the root of the Panax species,has been used as traditional tonic medicine in Korea,Japan and China for thousands of years.Ginsenosides were the main ingredients of Ginseng.The antifatigue mechanisms of ginsenosides were described at the aspects of the function of antioxygen free radical,accommodating the calcium in cells,energy substances,and the metabolism of lactic acid,and the function of anti-centralfatigue,and so on.The similarities and differences of animal models of antifatigue were compared and analyzed.


We present TOTA ("Tuples On The Air"), a novel middleware for supporting adaptive context-aware activities in multi agent systems. The key idea in TOTA is to rely on spatially distributed tuples for both representing contextual information and supporting uncoupled and adaptive interactions between application components. On the one hand, the middleware propagates tuples across a network on the basis of application-specific patterns, to define sorts of "computational fields", and adaptively re-shape the resulting distributed structures accordingly to changes in the network scenario. On the other hand, application components can locally "sense" these fields and can rely on them for both acquiring contextual information and carry on complex coordination activities in an adaptive way. Several examples in different scenarios show the effectiveness of such an approach.


The goal of this paper is to relate numerical dissipations that are inherited in high order shock-capturing schemes with the onset of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities. For pointwise evaluation of the source term, previous studies indicated that the phenomenon of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities is connected with the smearing of the discontinuity caused by the discretization of the advection term. The smearing introduces a nonequilibrium state into the calculation. Thus as soon as a nonequilibrium value is introduced in this manner, the source term turns on and immediately restores equilibrium, while at the same time shifting the discontinuity to a cell boundary. The present study is to show that the degree of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities is highly dependent on the accuracy of the numerical method. The manner in which the smearing of discontinuities is contained by the numerical method and the overall amount of numerical dissipation being employed play major roles. Moreover, employing finite time steps and grid spacings that are below the standard Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL) limit on shockcapturing methods for compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations containing stiff reacting source terms and discontinuities reveals surprising counter-intuitive results. Unlike non-reacting flows, for stiff reactions with discontinuities, employing a time step and grid spacing that are below the CFL limit (based on the homogeneous part or non-reacting part of the governing equations) does not guarantee a correct solution of the chosen governing equations. Instead, depending on the numerical method, time step and grid spacing, the numerical simulation may lead to (a) the correct solution (within the truncation error of the scheme), (b) a divergent solution, (c) a wrong propagation speed of discontinuities solution or (d) other spurious solutions that are solutions of the discretized counterparts but are not solutions of the governing equations. The present investigation for three very different stiff system cases confirms some of the findings of Lafon & Yee (1996) and LeVeque & Yee (1990) for a model scalar PDE. The findings might shed some light on the reported difficulties in numerical combustion and problems with stiff nonlinear (homogeneous) source terms and discontinuities in general.


The Marquesa de Cavalcanti Collection, hosted at the Volkenkunde Museum, in Leiden, Netherlands, is one of the oldest records of the existence of Brazilian objects in this museum. It is part of a broader collection created for the Brazilian Anthropological Exhibition, realised in 1882, and for the Universal Exhibition in Paris, realised in 1889. The main focus of this article is on the itineraries of this collection from its first exhibitions in Brazil and Paris to the Volkenkunde Collection in Leiden. Despite the challenge posed by the lack of documentation to understand the "social life" of objects, we believe that the investigation of the itineraries of collections and the analysis of different social relations inscribed in these objects may provide a key to understanding the history of ethnographic and archaeological collections. This article analyses how collections connected colonial regions to metropolitan areas in the second half of the 19th century, in the particular case of Brazil, Paris, and the Netherlands. It further discusses the role of women in the production of archaeological and ethnographic collections and, consequently, their place in the production of anthropological and archaeological knowledge.


The article presents result of examination of 253 adolescents educating in institutions of secondary and secondary professional education. The approach is proposed substantiating expediency of including indicators of educational environment into listing of modifying factors of cardiovascular risk for adolescents on the basis of evaluation of degree of conjugation of rank sum on modifying factors with quantitative clinical functional and laboratory indicators.


A review of the literature concerning outdoor adventure programs for adults with mental illness suggests a variety of benefits, including reduced symptomatology and enhanced ability to function in the community. However, due to serious methodological shortcomings of the studies with this population, further research is needed to verify such benefits. It is suggested that therapeutic outdoor adventure programs offer an innovative and potentially powerful adjunctive psychotherapeutic treatment for persons with mental illness, but more rigorous research is needed to demonstrate the benefits of this unusual treatment modality. Specific suggestions concerning the methodology of future research in this area are offered.


A macroporous polystyrene resin called Amberlyst A21 was used as an adsorbent for Reactive Orange 16. The effects of experimental parameters such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of Reactive Orange 16 were studied using by batch adsorption technique. The optimum conditions were; solution pH 2, the contact time of 180 min and adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g/L at 25 ˚C. Structural properties of Amberlyst A21 were analyzed by FTIR and SEM techniques. The adsorption equilibrium modeling of Reactive Orange 16 was described as monolayer adsorption and fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model rather than Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The experimental data showed that the adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-first order kinetic model. Amberlyst A21 as an adsorbent is promising for dye removal from wastewater.


ALTHOUGH THE ONTOGENY of the cystocarp has been studied in a number of species of the nemalionalean genus Liagora (Butters, 1911; Bl1lrgesen, 1915-20, 1927; Kylin, 1930; Yamada, 1938; Levring, 1941; Abbott. 1945), gaps still exist in our knowledge of the development of this structure. Thus, little precise information is at hand concerning the place of origin of the so-called involucral filaments and as regards the presence or ab,ence of a fusion-cell in the mature cystocarp }f certain species (see Papenfuss, 1946: 433, 434). The present account is based upon a ,tudy of two Hawaiian species, L. maxima Butters and L. Papenfussii Abbott, material of which was kitl.dly placed at the disposal of the writer by Professor Papenfuss.


The numerical solution of acoustic scattering problem with two-dimension penetrable boundary condition was discussed.The combined single and double-layer potentials method was used to approach the scattered waves.As an important feature,this method changes the acoustic scattering problem to an integral equation.Then it is discretized to the system of linear equations.The detailed derivative process was given to solve the super singular operator.Numerical examples were given to show that this method is both accurate and simple to use.


Bamboo is a soft absorbent material used extensively these days for many applications particularly in health care sector. Bamboo nonwoven finished with natural plant bio active agent enhances its antimicrobial feature and plays an excellent role in anti bacterial study. The present study was focused on extraction of Aloevera, Aervalanata, Tectonagrandis, Teatree and Rosmarinus officinalis plant bioactive agents using ethanol as solvent in soxhlet apparatus followed by optimizing the plant extract at different concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Along with it the primaryphytoconstituents were screened for the above plants.  The various concentrate of the plant extract solutions were then finished on bamboo nonwoven spunlace fabric by loading method. The finished samples were evaluated for the anti bacterial assessment AATCC 90-2011 against gram positive and gram negative pathogens for its performance as antibacterial fabric that can be used in healthcare and hygiene textiles.


A total of 37 professional drivers and 38 domestic drivers took part in a study designed to evaluate the safety and usability of the Autoguide computerized route guidance system. Each driver was instructed in the use of the system and performed a series of tasks including driving a car under guidance to, and within central London. Fifty of the drivers were tested during daylight hours and 25 tested under night-time conditions. The findings from the work are presented in this report.


Ambiguity in the use of the phrase "model-based" in the discussion of automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms is identified. Some terminology designed to allow more precise discussion of model-based concepts is proposed, with the meaning of the terms delineated by discussion and example.


Summary The carboxy-terminal region of hirudin (residues 54-65) has previously been shown to inhibit thrombin clotting activity without binding to the catalytic site of the enzyme. In the present study, the effect of hirudin 54-65 on thrombin interaction with specified platelet proteins has been investigated. Hirudin 54-65 was found to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Substitution of either Phe56, Glu57, Ile59, Pro60 or Leu64 showed that these residues were critical for inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation whereas sulfation of Tyr63 increased the inhibitory potency of the peptide. Hydrolysis of glycoprotein V, a platelet membrane substrate for thrombin, was only partially inhibited by hirudin 54-65. Although hirudin 54-65 did not decrease the amount of thrombin bound to platelets during cross-linking experiments, it was found to inhibit the specific binding of thrombin to platelet glycoprotein Ib. Since the carboxy-terminal region of hirudin has previously been reported to bind near the trypsin-catalyzed β cleavage site, we have analyzed the consequences of a to β-thrombin conversion on both thrombin-hirudin 54-65 interaction and thrombin activity toward platelets. The β cleavage induced a decrease in the affinity of thrombin for both glycoprotein Ib and hirudin 54-65. Altogether, our results indicate that thrombin recognition sites for hirudin 54-65 and platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib share common structures located near the β cleavage site at Arg 73 on the thrombin B chain.


We experienced difficult airway management in a patient who had Ludwig angina with morbid obesity, difficulty with mouth opening and neck extension. We planned to perform awake-nasotracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy but the patient's condition was not suitable to do this procedure. Thus, we tried fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation under general anesthesia but we experienced difficult airway management due to epistaxis. We tried to use video laryngoscope instead of fiberoptic bronchoscopy but also failed to guide the tube into trachea due to limited mouth opening. We used video laryngoscope to make a view of vocal cord and used fiberoptic bronchoscope as an intubation guide of endotracheal tube and successfully intubated the patient.


Using entire regularizations of C0−groups, we give a characterization of their analytic generators which we apply to the study of products of such generators. 1. Preliminaries Let X be a complex Banach space and L(X) the space of bounded linear operators on X . Let A be a closed linear operator on X with dense domain D(A); let R(A) denote the range, N(A) the kernel of A, and ρ(A) and σ(A) the resolvent set and the spectrum of A. Throughout, given two linear operators A and B on X , by A+B we denote the operator (A+B)x = Ax+Bx with D(A+B) = D(A)∩D(B) and by AB the operator (AB)x = A(Bx) with D(AB) = {x ∈ D(B);Bx ∈ D(A)}. We briefly recall basic facts concerning the concept of analytic generator for strongly continuous groups of operators, introduced by Cioranescu-Zsido [2] and used extensively in the Tomita-Takesaki theory (see [10]). Let U(.) be a strongly continuous group in X. For α ∈ C, we denote by Ωα the vertical strip Ωα = { {z ∈ C, 0 < Re(z) < Re(α)} if Re(α) > 0, {z ∈ C, Re(α) < Re(z) < 0} if Re(α) < 0. Then for α ∈ C, the operator Bα is defined by { D(Bα) = {x ∈ X, ∃Fx ∈ Hol(Ωα) ∩ C(Ωα) : U(t)x = Fx(it), t ∈ R}, Bαx := Fx(α), x ∈ D(Bα). (1-1) Definition 1.1. The analytic generator for U(.) is the operator B := B1. The operators Bα are closed, injective and densely defined, and the set D = {x ∈ X ; ∃Fx ∈ Hol(C) : U(t)x = Fx(it), t ∈ R} (1-2) is a core for Bα (see [2]). The case where ρ(B) 6= ∅ was first studied by Zsidó [11], who connected it to the Hilbert transform. More results were obtained recently by Monniaux [6], [7], Received by the editors October 20, 1998 and, in revised form, February 18, 1999. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47D03. c ©2000 American Mathematical Society 3587 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use 3588 IOANA CIORANESCU AND VALENTIN KEYANTUO who established the connection between analytic generators and the class BIP of operators in UMD-spaces. We recall the following definition from [8]. Definition 1.2. The operator A belongs to the class BIP (X,ω) where ω ∈ [0, π) if A satisfies the conditions (H1) (−∞, 0) ⊂ ρ(A), N(A) = {0}, R(A) = X and ‖t(t+A)−1‖ ≤M for some constant M ≥ 1 and all t > 0. (H2) For all t ∈ R, A ∈ L(X) and there exists K ≥ 1 such that ‖A‖ ≤ Keω|t|, t ∈ R. We further introduce the class UMD of Banach spaces with the unconditional martingale difference property (see Bourgain [1]). Consider the following family of operators: Hεf(t) = i π ∫ ε≤|t| f(t− s) s for ε > 0, t ∈ R and f ∈ C∞ 0 (R, X). Then Hf(t) = lim ε→0 Hεf(t) is called the Hilbert transform. Definition 1.3. If the operator H admits a continuous extension to L(X), p ∈ (1, ∞), then we say that X is a UMD space. The next result is due to S. Monniaux. Lemma 1.4. Let X be a UMD-space and ω ∈ [0, π); then B ∈ BIP (X,ω) if and only if B is the analytic generator of a group of type ≤ ω. In general Banach spaces, a similar result is not known. We conjecture that if B is the analytic generator for a group of type less than π and ρ(B) 6= ∅, then B ∈ BIP (X,π). Products of analytic generators were studied in UMD-spaces (via the sum of such operators) by Prüss-Sohr [8] and in general Banach spaces (via functional calculus) by Uiterdijk [9] (see also Monniaux [6], [7] for a particular case). In this note, we study such products using a representation formula for the analytic generator obtained by means of entire regularizations of strongly continuous groups which may present interest in itself. 2. Main results We recall the notion of an entire C-group due to deLaubenfels [4], [5]. Definition 2.1. Let C ∈ L(X) be injective. The family of operators (W (z))z∈C is an entire C-group if i) W (z) is an entire L(X)-valued function of z; ii) W (z)W (ρ) = CW (z + ρ) for all z, ρ ∈ C; iii) W (0) = C. The generator of (W (z)) is the operator A defined as follows: D(A) := {x ∈ X, lim t→0 W (t)x − Cx t exists and is in R(C)}, Ax = C−1 lim t→0 W (t)x − Cx t for x ∈ D(A). We will make use of the following lemma (see also deLaubenfels [4]). License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use ENTIRE REGULARIZATIONS 3589 Lemma 2.2. Let (T (t)) be a strongly continuous analytic semigroup with generator A. Then for any t0 > 0, T (t0) is injective and has dense range. Proof. We first show that T (t0) is one-to-one. Assume that T (t0)x = 0 for some x ∈ X. Since t0 > 0, T (t0)(X) ⊂ ⋂ n∈N D(A) and d dtn T (t)x|t=t0 = AT (t0)x. Using analyticity, one obtains that T (t)x = 0 for 0 < t < t0. Strong continuity at 0 now gives x = 0. To show that T (t0) has dense range, assume that φ ∈ X∗ is such that 〈φ, T (t0)x〉 = 0 for every x ∈ X. By considering the function f defined by f(t) = 〈φ, T (t)x〉 for t > 0, and using analyticity and strong continuity of (T (t)) as above, one obtains f(0) = lim t→0 〈φ, T (t)x〉 = 0 = 〈φ, x〉 for every x ∈ X so that φ = 0. Remark. From the lemma, one can deduce the following stronger statement using an abstract Mittag-Leffler argument. A := ⋂ t>0 T (t)(X) is dense in X. It is also easy to see that A is contained in the set of entire vectors for A. Proposition 2.3. Let U(.) be a strongly continuous group of operators on X. Then there exists an injective operator C with dense range such that W (t) = CU(t), t ∈ R, extends to an entire C-group (W (z))z∈C. Proof. Define T (t)x = 1 2 √ πt ∫ ∞ −∞ e− S2 4t U(s)xds, t > 0;x ∈ X . Since it is wellknown that T (.) is a strongly continuous analytic semigroup, it follows from Lemma 2.2 that C = T (1) = 1 2 √ π ∫ ∞ −∞ e− S2 4 U(s)ds (2-1) is a bounded injective operator with dense range. Moreover C commutes with U(.). We define further W (t) = CU(t), t ∈ R. We have W (t)x = CU(t)x = U(t)Cx = 1 2 √ π ∫ ∞ −∞ e− S2 4 U(s)U(t)xds = 1 2 √ π ∫ ∞ −∞ e− S2 4 U(s+ t)xds = 1 2 √ π ∫ ∞ −∞ e− (s−t)2 4 U(s)xds, x ∈ X. It is clear from this representation that we may extend (W (t))t∈R to (W (z))x∈C through W (z)x = 1 2 √ π ∫ ∞ −∞ e− (s−z)2 4 U(s)xds, z ∈ C, x ∈ X. One can easily see that (W (z))z∈C is an entire C-group. Definition 2.4. An entire C-group W (.) such that W (t) = CU(t), t ∈ R, is called a C-entire regularization of U(.). Remark. (i) We mention that in [4] deLaubenfels established the existence of an entire C-regularization for uniformly bounded groups using a certain functional calculus. License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use 3590 IOANA CIORANESCU AND VALENTIN KEYANTUO (ii) The regularization process works as well if instead we consider strongly continuous cosine functions. In that case the regularizing operator is given by (2-1) with U(t) replaced by the cosine function. We do not detail that here. Theorem 2.5. Let U(.) and V (.) be two commuting strongly continuous groups of operators in X. Then there exists an injective operator C with dense range such that W (t) = CU(t) and S(t) = CV (t), t ∈ R, extend to entire C-groups. Proof. Let


"_ . 7t — A . 7i — B n — C SR sin —-— sin —-— sin • 3 3 3 It is easy to show that the sides of this triangle are parallel to the sides of Morley's triangle by considering inclinations to the sides of AABC. The second triangle has one vertex given by the point of intersection of the nearside trisectors of the exterior angles B and C. The other two vertices are given by the intersections of the outer trisectors of these exterior angles with die trisectors of A. By taking a = (n C)/3, this triangle can be shown to have one angle TT/3, and its containing sides equal, and is hence equilateral. The side of this triangle is "" . A . 7i B . 7t C 8/c sin sin sin . 3 3 3 It is easy to show that two of the sides of this triangle are extensions of sides of the first triangle, by considering the angle summation at their common vertex. The other two sides are parallel. The last pair of equilateral triangles are constructed like the second triangle, but relative to the trisectors of B and C respectively. References 1. Roy Barbara, Two short proofs of Morley's Theorem, Math. Gaz. 81 (November 1997) pp. 447-450. 2. David Wells, The Penguin dictionary of curious and interesting geometry, Penguin (1991). ROBERT J. CLARKE 11 Lansdowne Court, Stourbridge DY9 ORL


Tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands is a disease that tends to run a long and debilitating course, but shows also a disposition to undergo natural cure when the patient's resistance can be assisted by his circumstances and environment. The disease was recognized centuries ago as the king's evil, and was cured then by the royal touch. To-day there is unanimity of opinion that many varieties of treatment may achieve success, but that certainty of this is assured by none. The authors, therefore, while recognizing that different methods may be employed with equally excellent results by different workers, wish to set out a method of treatment based on the pathology of this disease that has achieved a fair measure of success in a -reasonable amount of time. The review deals with 119 consecutive cases of tuberculous cervical adenitis treated in Black Notley Sanatorium (Essex County Council) over a period of six years. The patients have been drawn from town and country alike, and both sexes and all ages have been accepted. Some had already received treatment by operation or other means before admission, but the majority were new and untreated cases. In general the treatment has consisted of a combination of constitutional and operative measures; in the last four years there has been less delay in submitting patients to operation where such was indicated, but constitutional treatment has been the fundamental factor, and in no case was surgical extirpation of the tuberculous glands adopted as a primary measure.


Abstract This article explores the relationship between work ethics and organisational performance in the public sector with special emphasis on Government Funded Organisation (GFO). In addition, the current work is an exposition of the roles of Leadership Work Ethic (LWE) in the strategic management process of an organisation. The application of LWE to managerial decision-making processes helps to accelerate organisational effectiveness. It is part of the objective of this study to scrutinise the concept of LWE and its potency within the public sector. A qualitative research methodology with a variety of data sources was used to assess the applicability of LWE in the public sector. The approach enables the researcher to explore how the relationship between individuals and power dimensions of work ethic contributes to organisational efficacy. Based on the data analysis, six (6) fundamental themes from the responses of the GFO executives have been identified namely, leadership, leadership work ethic, organisational strategy, strategic management, organisational learning and organisational structure.


As educational practices start to focus on three-dimensional (3D) learning for students by incorporating practices, concepts, and core ideas, it is vital to understand how alternative forms of idea development affect student understanding. In a revolutionary 2015 commentary, Quillin and Thomas (2015) created the model Drawing-to-Learn to convey the need for drawing in Biology classrooms. The main conclusion was that since other STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical) disciplines are using drawings to create a deeper understanding of the topic, there is also a need for it in biology. Using similar ideas to the concept of Drawingto-Learn, 109 students in an upper-division Evolution class were subjects to using Visualization as a tool to communicate their ideas. In this research a Visualization was a student-produced piece of work that included multiple images, drawings, and structures to communicate their ideas about a topic and to depict prior research methodologies. Students' work was evaluated at multiple points throughout the semester to determine completeness of their abilities to visualize and their level of expertise in visualizing a single concept. Students were also surveyed and interviewed to access how they perceived this form of learning. No significant trends were seen in students' ability to produce expert level work between the start and end of the semester. This could be due to the relatively small sample size of a hundred students and the fact that student retention of class content was not being quantified. More research needs to be done on the effects of practice with Visualizations on student retention of content. However, there was a trend indicating that students were more complete in their abilities to visualize by the end of the semester. The survey and interview data indicated that most students found Visualizations helpful in formalizing their ideas and visualizing concepts in their own way. Visualizations could thus be used as a tool in biology class environments for STEM students to convey their level of understanding. Key terms: Visualization, STEM Education, Biology Education, Higher Education, Evolution, Instructional Improvement, student learning, teaching methods.


In this paper, an end-to-end deep learning method for voltage sag classification using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed. The network receives an unmodified three-phase voltage signal sequence as an input and outputs a label to indicate if a signal is not faulted or there is one of the seven standard voltage sag types present, labeled from A to G respectively. A database of over 450,000 synthetically generated signals is generated for network training purposes. When tested on synthetic signals, the network achieves an accuracy of over 92%, while it reports lower accuracy on real-world signals. However, the network has demonstrated the ability to generalize on measured signals despite being trained on synthetic signals, and mainly correctly classifies signal segments of serious severities which present the opportunity to improve the classification accuracy of arbitrary measured signals by training the network on an even larger synthetic dataset. The source code following the paper is available at https://bitbucket.org/sara_e21/voltage-sag-classifier.


In a composite of Vulcanizable rubber or rubber-like com position with one or more metal reinforcement elements embedded therein, the metal reinforcement element is coated with a polymer or non-cured rubber composition compatible with and co-polymerizable, co-Vulcanizable or crosslinkable with said Vulcanizable ruber composition to be reinforced, and additionally bearing functional groups either covalently bonding to the metal Surface of Said reinforce ment element or forming covalent bonds with the outward directed first functional groups of a monoor multimolecular layer of a bifunctional adhesion promoter intercalated between Said metal and Said coating and bound to Said metal by its Second functional groups. A cured rubber or rubber like product, for instance a pneumatic tire, is obtained by Vulcanization of Such a composite.


Abstract. We drilled a 210 m-thick succession of Quaternary sediments and extended it 30 m upsection with information that we collected from an adjacent outcrop. In the 240 m-thick succession we identified 12 different lithofacies, grouped them into five facies assemblages, and distinguished two major sedimentary sequences. A sharp contact at 103 m depth cuts off cross-beds in sequence A and separates them from the overlying horizontal beds in sequence B. Although the lowermost facies assemblage of each sequence includes a till deposited during a period of ice cover, the two tills differ from each other. In particular, the till at the base of sequence A is dominated by large clasts derived from the underlying Molasse bedrock, whereas the till at the base of sequence B has no such Molasse components. Furthermore, the till in sequence A bears evidence of glaciotectonic deformation. Both tills are overlain by thick assemblages of subaqueous, most likely glaciolacustrine and lacustrine facies elements. The cross-bedded and steeply inclined sand, gravel, and diamictic beds of sequence A are interpreted as deposits of density currents in a subaqueous ice-contact fan system within a proglacial lake. In contrast, the lacustrine sediments in sequence B are considered to record a less energetic environment where the material was most likely deposited in a prodelta setting that gradually developed into a delta plain. Towards the top, sequence B evolves into a fluvial system recorded in sequence C, when large sediment fluxes of a possibly advancing glacier resulted in a widespread cover of the region by a thick gravel unit. Feldspar luminescence dating on two samples from a sand layer at the top of sequence B provided uncorrected ages of 250.3 ± 80.2 and 251.3 ± 59.8 ka. The combination of these ages with lithostratigraphic correlations of sedimentary sequences encountered in neighboring scientific drillings suggests that sequence B was deposited between Marine Isotope Stage 8 (MIS 8; 300–243 ka) and MIS 7 (243–191 ka). This depositional age marks the end of one stage of overdeepening–fill in the perialpine Aare Valley near Bern.


A recurring issue relating to composites with embedded optical fibers is the concern that optical fibers will act as unintended crack initiators leading to untimely failure of the host structure. Previous studies have shown that there is little or no reduction in load-carrying ability as long as an optical fiber is embedded between similar plies and the optical fiber is, predominantly, in the fiber direction of these plies. However, most composite structures also contain structural details with inherent stress concentrations, and a need exists to investigate whether the introduction of embedded optical fibers into these regions will affect the load-carrying ability. In the present study, one composite lay-up containing ply-drops and one bolted joint configuration were studied. Results indicate that embedded optical fibers will not in general affect the structural integrity, as they did not initiate failure.


The percentage of popliteal lymph node lymphocytes coated with anti-lymphocytic antibodies was defined by the immunofluorescent test. It was shown, that 4 hrs after ATS injection, 18-40% of lymphocytes in draining lymph node were coated with antibodies and gave positive fluorescence with rabbit anti-horse IgG FITC. There was no cells with antibodies in contralateral lymph node.


Goal. To study the influence of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine to the formation of microtubers and the productivity of potato wart cultivator differentiators in vitro.
Methods. The research was conducted in 2019—2020 in the Laboratory of Biotechnology for Agricultural Crops of Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. Derivatives of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine were synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources of Chernivtsi National University. The material for the research was potato wart cultivar-differentiators of different maturity groups Slovyanka (medium ripe), Chervona Ruta (medium late). The plants were grown on Murashige-Skuga nutrient medium with addition of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine at different concentrations (0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mg/l) in a cultivation room at 16-hour photoperiod with a light intensity of 2000—2500 lux, temperature 22—25°C and humidity of 60—80%.
Results. It was determined that high morphometric parameters and intensity of tuber formation of different varieties of maturity Slavyanka and Chervona Ruta in vitro culture provides the addition to the nutrient medium of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine with a concentration of 0.3 mg/l: plant height was 4.6 and 4.1 cm compared with the control of 4.0 and 3.7 cm, respectively. The number of internodes in both varieties were 5.3 pieces (in control — 4.5 pcs.) and the optimal number of microtubers on the 60th day — 79.1 and 81.3%.
Conclusions. The effect study of different concentrations of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine on the productivity of potatoes in vitro in different varieties of maturity Slavyanka and Chervona Ruta showed that the optimal performance provides cultivation at a concentration of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine 0.3 mg/l: weight of the average microtuber is 22 and 195.4 mg, the mass of microtubers per plant — 185.5 and 174.4 mg, the number of microtubers per plant — 1.01 and 0.87 pcs.


We are still witnessing many misconceptions stemming from misunderstanding of macroeconomic conditions upon which macroeconomic stability relies. The economy is a complex mechanism consisting of great many communicating vessels between which the income and expenditure of a variety of entities are flowing. According to the most synthetic macroeconomic approach, in the case of an open economy, such flows make an arrangement of three macroeconomic balances which are interrelated by the following equation, discussed hundreds of times in macroeconomic literature: (G – T) = (S – I) + (Z – X). The very essence of the conditions of the macroeconomic stability is an interdependence between these balances, which are achieved as the economy operates. The author discusses the effects of promoting the myth of the budget balance, the understanding of the budget deficit and public debt, the importance of the interpretation of savings and investment, the importance of the balance as a distribution and resources, the relationship between the size of M2 money and the relationship between market rate and price resulting from purchasing power parities. He has undertaken a statistical analysis of the relationships between three macroeconomic balances on the basis of data for 35 countries in the years 2000–2015. The conclusions confirm the illusory nature of certain media-grounded views.


The invention provides a pair of trachea incising and inserting forceps comprising a left forcep arm and a right forcep arm which are articulated with each other. The pair of trachea incising and inserting forceps is characterized in that both the left forcep arm and the right forcep arm comprise an upper end and a lower end, the upper end and the lower end of the same forcep arm form an obtuse angle; the top of the lower end of the left forcep arm and/or the top of the lower end of the right forcep arm are/is provided with blades or a blade; the lower end of the right forcep arm is internally provided with a hollow cavity; and the upper end and the lower end of the hollow cavity are communicated with the outside. Provided with the blades and the hollow cavity, the pair of trachea incising and inserting forceps has the function of the sharp knife and facilitates the detection test. The pair of trachea incising and inserting forceps solves the problem of inconvenient tool change during tracheotomy, saves the time and is more convenient for rescuing the patient.


When highly stretched, double-stranded DNA exhibits a plateau region in its force- extension curve. Here, we investigate the possibility of multiple distinct plateau regions in the force-extension curves of non-supercoiled double-stranded DNA under physio- logically relevant conditions, and explore how their existence and properties are related to the DNA sequence. Using a bead-spring coarse-grained dynamic model based on a non-convex potential, we predict that a long non-supercoiled double-stranded DNA fragment made up of several segments with substantially different plateau force values for each individual segment will exhibit multiple distinct plateau regions in the force- extension curve under physiological solvent conditions at room temperature. The order of the segments does not affect the force-extension curve or the distribution of confor- mational states. As an example, a double-stranded DNA fragment consisting of two equal-length segments with two different plateau force values (poly(dA-dT)-poly(dG- dC) fragment) is predicted to exhibit two distinct plateau regions in its force-extension curve; a fragment consisting of three almost equal-length segments having three dif- ferent plateau force values (poly(dA-dT)-torsionally constrained DNA-poly(dG-dC) fragment) is predicted to have three distinct plateau regions. The formation of mixed states of slightly and highly stretched DNA, co-existing with macroscopically distinct phases in several segments in the plateau regions, is also predicted. We speculate that the distinct structural states of stretched double-stranded DNA may have functional importance. For example, these can modulate, in a sequence-dependent manner, the rate of double-stranded DNA processing by key cellular machines.


We have synthesized a series of fluorinated side chain block copolymers based on either a hydroborated polystyrene-b-polyisoprene or a poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) backbone. Through polymer-analogous reactions, perfluorinated ester, fluorinated urethane, and fluorinated carbonate side chains were attached to the pendant hydroxyl groups. Their selective thermal degradation behavior was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDMS). In addition, we investigated the heat- and laser-induced selective alteration of polymer film surfaces by chemically highly selective cleavage of the fluorinated side chains using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Finally, we demonstrate the potential to create a laterally patterned surface with different regions of chemically well-defined surface moieties from our fluorinated block copolymers by a "dry" laser process.


1. José B. Ashford, Comparing the Effects of Judicial Versus Child Protective Service Relationships on Parental Attitudes in the Juvenile Dependency Process, 16 RES. SOC. WORK PRAC. 582 (2006). 2. The court administrator examines all petitions filed in Lancaster County Juvenile Court for allegations of child abuse and neglect that include substance abuse by a parent. This may include an allegation that the child is placed at risk of harm due to the parent's substance abuse or information included in a supporting affidavit that indicates a parent's substance abuse contributed to the allegations. 3. Marvin Ventrell, Evolution of the Dependency Component of the Juvenile Court, 49 JUV. & FAM. CT. J. 17, 17 (1998). 4. Cindy S. Lederman, The Marriage of Science and the Law in Child Welfare Cases, in PROBLEM SOLVING COURTS 23, 25 (Richard L. Wiener & Eve M. Brank eds., 2013). Family drug courts (FDCs) were first established in 1994 as one judge's response to substance abuse in the majority of his dependency-court cases.1 Since then, hundreds of similar specialized dependency courts have been established around the country. FDCs are based on an adult-drug-court model established in response to the apparent revolving door of drug offenders in criminal court. Drug courts and other problem-solving courts seek to identify the social and psychological dysfunction that brought the individuals before the court. Problem-solving-court judges adopt therapeutic jurisprudence to assess the dysfunction, prescribe appropriate services, and provide support, encouragement, and accountability. Procedural justice, characterized by judicial leadership and participant autonomy, is one of the psychological tools used to successfully adopt therapeutic jurisprudence. Successful problem-solving courts rely on judicial leadership for the network of providers and to engage with the participants. Additionally, the voluntary nature of problem-solving courts ensures participants are given autonomy and allowed to exercise voice and control in the process. In this article, we explore the successes and struggles of one family drug court, the Family Treatment Drug Court (FTDC) Track, in Lancaster County, Nebraska. The FTDC Track developed out of a voluntary FTDC initiated by a Lancaster County juvenile-court judge with grant funding. Funding from Project Safe Start–Nebraska was used to train court personnel (including a Department of Health and Human Services case manager dedicated to the FTDC), provide Child Parent Psychotherapy to families, and ensure parents on the Track were able to get immediate treatment placement through an agreement made with a local residential treatment facility. At the termination of the grant, the Lancaster County FTDC no longer had any incentive to offer participants, and the court had difficulty enrolling parents. Judge Roger Heideman, the first author and a Lancaster County juvenile-court judge, decided to create a mandatory Family Treatment Drug Court Track. Any families with allegations of child abuse or neglect related to substance use or abuse by a parent are assigned to Judge Heideman's docket, ordered to participate in the FTDC Track in the dispositional order, and receive specialized services, more frequent meetings, and more supervision and accountability.2 An independent evaluation, including case-file reviews and parent interviews, demonstrates that the mandatory nature of the FTDC Track has not negatively impacted perceptions of fairness. Forty-two cases have been assigned to the FTDC Track since it began in early 2014. Parents report that they feel the process of getting their children returned to them is fair and that they can be open and honest in team meetings. Additionally, parents on the FTDC Track report that they receive praise from the judge more than do families not on the Track. Though the FTDC Track is mandatory, parents on the FTDC Track indicate that they feel they have a voice in the dependency-court process. This article will first discuss the goals and tools of problemsolving courts, specifically the role of the judge in implementing therapeutic jurisprudence through the use of proceduraljustice principles. Next, it will discuss the development of family drug courts and how the FTDC Track was started and developed in Lancaster County. The goals and methods of the FTDC Track will be presented, along with the results of an ongoing evaluation of the FTDC Track. Finally, the article will conclude with an in-depth discussion of the evolution of the FTDC Track, emphasizing the issues faced, solutions implemented, and lessons learned. Though problem-solving courts are usually voluntary, the experience in the FTDC Track demonstrates that there are alternative ways to give participants voice in a mandatory program.


It is "well known" in the potential scattering in quantum mechanics that it is, in principle, impossible to obtain information about the binding energy from the scattering phase shift, and vice versa. This is illustrated in a simple way for the case of a nonlocal separable potential. The implications of the "relation" between the deuteron binding energy and the low-energy proton-neutron scattering parameters in the 3S state are discussed.


The properties of type I and confocal scanning microscopes are discussed. It is shown that an enhanced confocal image may be obtained by subtracting the type I from the confocal image. The resultin...


The invention relates to a process for the production of nitric acid having a concentration of 50-76% from ammonia and oxygen-containing gas under pressure to the indentation or dual pressure process, with the expansion of the residual gas to give work is done in at least two stages, and between each two expansion stages at least one device for heating the previously relaxed residual gas is disposed to a temperature of about 450 ° C, which waste heat used from the production process of nitric acid.


A Mobile ad Hoc Network is a collection of nodes which is an infrastructure less network and hence can be easily established and deployed instantly. In addition to their normal operation, all the nodes in this kind of network act as routers as well. Because of the mobility and dynamic nature of the network, all the nodes are free to move randomly and hence topology of a MANET changes very frequently. This invites the complexity of routing the packets from source to destination. Also, as a MANET is a multi-hop network, the packets should pass through intermediate nodes which always need not be genuine all the time which poses many security issues in MANET's. Our paper discusses a secure routing protocol which is a trust based secure routing scheme that considers information collected from neighbouring nodes. Based on the trust information received about a node from its neighbouring nodes and its past history of transactions, we assign a trust value for every node in the network. If this value is less than a specific threshold set by the coordinator nodes, that specific node can be considered as a malicious node and hence routing paths should not involve such nodes, which guarantees secure path routing. This protocol has been implemented on NS-2 and results show that this protocol achieved better performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and throughput when compared to existing routing schemes in literature.


but marked with a marginal obelus), van T. is inclined, most implausibly, to reduce almost all reports of omissions in ancient texts to mere atheteses (p. xxviii). He claims in this context that expressions in the scholia like ov8e lypa^ev applied to Zenodotus are 'always in the imperfect' (ibid.), but this is very far from the truth. Further, he is wrong to call //. 23.92 a 'supposedly post-aristarchean interpolation' (p. xxxii): no one disputes that it was present (with marginal obelus) in Aristarchus' edition: that is why it is present in all the post-Aristarchean MSS. With confusions like this in his preface it is perhaps not so surprising that vanT. can claim in his apparatus ad loc. that Od. 14.515-17 were athetized by Aristarchus. For this claim there is not a shred of evidence. In fact the absence of the passage from Pap. Mich. inv. 5760d (saec. iii p.C), our two earliest minuscules, and most of the rest shows that it must have been completely absent from the edition of Aristarchus. It is not particularly likely that Aristarchus knew the passage at all, or even that it ever stood in any pre-Aristarchean text.


Toad bladder epithelial cells were homogenized and fractionated by Percoll density‐gradient centrifugation. Binding of tritium‐labeled vasopressin ([3H]AVP) was measured in surface membranes (SM), microsomes (M), and a 100,000 g (60‐min) micrsomal supernatant fraction (S). More than two‐thirds of the total receptors were in S. Receptors in SM — but not in S — were tightly coupled to G‐protein as suggested by inhibition of [3H]AVP binding by GTP. GTP‐sensitivity of [3H]AVP binding was not altered by vasotocin (AVT) stimulation, although the distribution of receptors shifted from SM to S.


The biosurfactant produced by Candida sphaerica in a fermentor containing 5% vegetal oil refinery waste and 2.5% was tested in the removal of motor oil from soils and seawater. In kinetic assays, the isolated biosurfactant removed more than 86% of the motor oil adsorbed to clay, silty and sandy soils at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Static removal tests performed in glass columns demonstrated that the crude biosurfactant was able to remove 75% and 92% of the oil contained in clay and silty soil, respectively, whereas the isolated biosurfactant at its CMC removed 50% of the oil from sandy soil. In the washing of hydrophobic compound on a porous surface, the removal rate was 60%. The biosurfactant also proved to be efficient in detergency tests since the crude surfactant removed 41% of motor oil from contaminated cotton cloth. In tests carried out with seawater, the crude biosurfactant showed an oil spreading efficiency of 75% in both screening dispersion test and oil displacement efficiency methods. Regarding the swirling bottle test, the dispersion rate was 72% for the isolated biosurfactant at a concentration twice the CMC. The biosurfactant studied demonstrated potential for application as an adjuvant in biotechnological processes for environmental decontamination.


Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the structural behavior of nanorods with square cross section. The nanorods consist of pure Ag and Cu phases or of three Ag and Cu domains in the sequence Ag-Cu-Ag or Cu-Ag-Cu. Ag and Cu domains are separated by coherent interfaces. Depending on the side length and the size of individual domains, Ag and Cu can undergo a transition from the usual face-centered cubic structure to a body-centered tetragonal one. Such transition can involve the whole nanorod, or only the Ag domains. In the latter case, the transition is accompanied by a loss of coherency at the Ag-Cu interfaces, with a consequent release of elastic energy. The observed behaviors are connected with the stresses developed at the nanorod surfaces.