The battery voltage used in electric cars is usually the same as the motor and its controller voltage specifications even though the most existing available battery from the market is 12 Volt, especially in developing countries. This paper shows the energy consumption of a 48 Volt brushless motor system on various speed and voltage levels. The experiments were carried out under three different rpm speed. Various voltages were obtained from battery configurations using 12 Volt of sealed lead acid batteries. The voltage values in the experiments are 12, 24, 36 and 48 Volt. Step up (boost) DC-DC converter is used after the battery to create a constant voltage on the input side of the motor controller. The voltage performances to the motor are remain the same for all battery voltage levels because it has the same voltage input from motor controller. Energy is measured by energy meter and the results show that higher voltage require more energy at low speed and lower voltage requires more energy at medium and full speed.


As of today, hundreds of extrasolar planets have been discoverd, and thousands of candidates are waiting for confirmation. Although we already have discovered dozens of the least massive planets (the so called super-Earths), only a few have been found to be orbiting low mass stars, and only one that actually transist a bright M star. Here, we propose to carry out a photometric search for transiting super-Earths in the Habitable Zone of a large sample of very low-mass stars (M < 0.3M� ). These planets have a higher transit detection probability, shorter orbital periods and produce larger radial velocity amplitudes than those orbiting Solar type stars. The observing strategy proposed for such a search would require a robotic network of 1-m class telescopes, such as the LCOGT will provide.


It is shown that Bell's proof of violation of local realism in phase space is incorrect. Using Bell's approach, a violation can be derived also for nonnegative Wigner distributions. The error is found to lie in the use of an unnormalizable Wigner function.


EMIGRATION ISGENERALLY UNDERSTOOD as a gendered process, beginning for men with a solitary experiment in distant lands, for women with a long interlude between two worlds while they wait for word that it is safe to follow. For men the journey is seen as a response to international differentials in the labour market, for women as a way to begin or consolidate a married life. Emigration usually seems to cast men in active roles and women in adaptive roles, men being part of a structured system, and women living out the consequences of subjective choices. • These characterizations probably miss the mark, even for emigration within marriage. As descriptions of female migration outside marriage (and probably also within it for all but women of independent wealth), these depictions omit several essentials. Single female emigrants have not been uncommon historically. Typically they left home in early adulthood, at a marriageable age, although, as Charlotte Macdonald reminds us, the fact that emigration and marriage have similar locations in many life cycles does not establish that young women, any more than young men, left home in order to marry. Most working-class women understood that marriage, either before or after emigration, would not end their experience with wage work. Female emigrants had their eye on the job market, both


In silico screening of CO2 adsorbents is a very powerful method for preselecting the most promising porous solids for experimental studies. Because of increased computational power, it is now possible to investigate a large number of adsorbents in a fairly short time. However, it remains difficult to rationalize structure–performance correlations because the complexity of such porous materials cannot be reduced to a few simple descriptors. In this paper, we present a different approach that was applied to the design of an optimal adsorbent for CO2 separation from gas mixtures. A CO2–CH4 mixture was used as the feed. We constructed a simplified model of the porous material by adopting a spherical pore geometry. From the dispersion–repulsion point of view, the spherical pore was modeled by homogeneously distributed Lennard-Jones sites. Besides, a charge distribution was introduced to mimic the electrostatic behavior. The selected charge distribution is constituted of negative charges homogeneously distribut...


Background: Curcumin (CUR) is a well-known herbal constituent used in treating psoriasis. However, combination of CUR with other anti-inflammatory drugs such as caffeine shows amplified antipsoriatic action compared to CUR alone. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)-based topical gels of CUR and caffeine combination for facilitated treatment of psoriasis. Materials and Methods: Preparation of NLC's loaded with CUR and caffeine was done by hot homogenization and ultrasonication methods and incorporated in topical gels. Factorial design (32) was constructed in a fully randomized manner to formulate and evaluate all nine possible experimental runs. Detailed evaluation studies for NLC and NLC-based gels were conducted. In vivo animal studies were carried out for optimized formulation using mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Results: The physical and chemical characteristics displayed by the prepared NLC's (F1–F9) and gels were found to be optimal. The optimization using experimental design approach resulted in achieving formulation F10 with 103.01 nm particle size and 61.52% entrapment efficiency. In vivo and histopathology studies revealed that prepared NLC-based gel exhibits promising antipsoriatic activity. Conclusion: The present study signified that the CUR and caffeine combination has better antipsoriatic activity. Moreover, NLC-loaded gels have provided sustained drug release till the end of 12 h.


Editorial processing of manuscripts begins the procedure of academic journal article publishing. It is essential for achieving the registration and certification functions of journals more efficiently through electronic publishing. The study evaluated the extent of adoption of web content management system with peer review tool for effective journal article editorial processing. The level of adoption of electronic information technology for editorial processing of university-based Nigerian journals was sort from 156 editors using 15-item questionnaire. The results show that electronic editorial processing has not been significantly adopted. Majority of the online journals have web presence for download and offline reading of articles. Integration of manuscript submission, electronic manuscript review and commenting, tracking of article progress in online publishing platforms were limited as email communication among editors and authors dominated. The study, therefore, recommends that journal editors work assiduously towards maximizing the potentials of Web 2.0 technologies by adopting a more integrated electronic editorial processing to improve social cooperation and efficacy of publishing procedure, while cal and university authorities to increase funding and insist on higher publishing standards in Nigeria.


Within the framework of the presented article, analyzing the key aspects concerning the prospects for the use of portable ir - spectrometers for solving operational problems of customs control.


In this article I talk about crimes against person's crimes which cause objection of people's body and punishment by government in all societies. Now I try to have a comparative research of the most important crimes in this category in some countries and especially in Islamic criminal law based on Iran Islamic criminal law. Crimes described in this article are: assault, battery, robbery, kidnapping, rape, mayhem, manslaughter, murder. I describe Islamic criminal law in separate articles.


The high-frequency bunched-beam (pulsed beam train) generated directly from a cathode is strongly desired for a compact microwave vacuum tube with high efficiency. The emission current from a p-type semiconductor field emitter saturates in dark with increase of the gate voltage because of the supply limit of the minority carrier. When a p-type emitter is illuminated by light with photon energy larger than the band gap energy, the emission current is remarkably increased because of the additional supply of the photo-excited carriers. It suggests that the bunched beam could be obtained, when the p-type emitter is irradiated with a pulsed laser beam. The frequency of the bunched beam, however, is limited by the photo-response of the emitter. Therefore, we investigated the photo-response of a p-type Si field emitter under the irradiation of a pulsed laser beam.


Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) are typically treated with a combination of pegylated


Let ̂ be a family of varieties F, for example the family of all non-singular cubic surfaces; and let ^"* be the family of all pairs (F, k) such that k is an algebraic number field and F is in $* and is defined over k. The Hasse principle is said to hold for tF if the following statement holds for each pair (F, A) in 3F*. Suppose that for each prime $ of &, finite or infinite, there is a point of V defined over k^\ then there is a point of V defined over k. This is known to hold, for example, for non-singular curves of genus 0, and for quadric hypersurfaces of any dimension. We define the Hasse problem for a family 3F to be


Ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray radiation are the primary causes of ionization that produce electron density in sufficient quantities to promote the propagation of satellite radio signals in the ionosphere. The electron densities suffer from spatio-temporal variations, and this poses different degrees of threats to satellite radio signals propagating through the ionosphere. We aimed to characterize the maximum electron density of the F2 layer (NmF2) in the middle-latitude ionosphere over Grahamstown, South Africa (Geographic latitude: 33.30°S, Geographic longitude: 26.50°E; Geomagnetic Latitude: 33.92°S, Geomagnetic Longitude: 89.37°E). The mean NmF2 data for solar cycle 23 (1998–2008) were used for the studies. The data were grouped into the high solar activity (HSA: 2000–2002), moderate solar activity (MSA: 1998–1999, 2003–2005), and low solar activity (LSA: 2006–2008) years. NmF2 variations were characterized based on the diurnal, seasonal, monthly, and annual data. Also, the correlation between NmF2 and the sunspot number was investigated. Results on diurnal and seasonal variations revealed that noontime bite-out of NmF2 was observed during the June solstice every year. However, it was not observed in the other three seasons. Equinoctial asymmetry is observed to show insignificant annual and solar cycle variations. The seasonal and annual variations of NmF2 with sunspot number were linear (exception: June solstice for MSA, the year 1999; HSA, years 2000–2001). The results reveal that the correlation between NmF2 and the sunspot number was insignificant under conditions of the annual, solar cycle, and latitudinal variations (exception: MSA, the year 2005; negative correlation (0.64)).


Angle and angular momentum are linked by a Fourier transformation. A restriction of the angular range within an optical beam profile therefore generates orbital angular momentum (OAM) sidebands on the transmitted light. We interpret this phenomenon as angular diffraction: a mask that blocks light within one or several angular ranges is the angular analogue of a single slit or a diffraction grating, respectively. In the OAM spectra of light transmitted through angular masks we observe the typical sinc2 envelope known from single slit diffraction, and in particular the suppression of OAM sidebands. This is the angular analogy to missing orders observed for a linear diffraction grating.


The paper deals with the development of a prosthetic limb made of acrylic sheet using electromyography signals for the people who lost a part of their limb due to circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes, traumatic injuries occurring due to traffic accidents and military combat, cancer or birth defects. Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. An electromyography detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. Measured EMG potentials range between 2 millivolt to 4 millivolt depending on the muscle under observation. The two surface electrodes are attached to the healthy limb and sense the muscle contraction when a movement is made. This output is given to the arduino microcontroller, this controller is programmed that, it acquires the angle and transformation link obtained due to the locomotion of normal limb. The output signals are given to the servo motor through servo driver and then to the prosthetic limb. The methodology adapted here provides locomotive action for the prosthetic limb. The major advantage of the proposed system is that, usage of acrylic sheets reduces the weight of the prosthetic limb to a greater extent. This cost effective acrylic prosthetic limb avoids any irritation or side effects to the one who carries it.


This paper presents some theorems about separable kernels: when a kernel is separable for the given data and how to make a kernel to be separable. Based on these theorems, a new method of kernels parameters' selection is presented. The advantage of this new method is its efficiency. The experiments have shown that this method can get satisfactory results quickly.


Based on the principle that the cognitive motivation pervades all levels of the grammar of a language, the basic aim of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the coordenative processes of conjunction and disjunction result from a perceptual-cognitive transference of common mechanisms of repetition. By means of a multifunctional analysis of coordination, it is showed that term conection is the model that activates sentence conection processes at which additive and alternative junctives establish content relations at ideational level, and epistemic and speech act relations at the interactional level.


A total of eight Sinularia species is described and depicted, all from Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (South China Sea). Six are new to science: S. capricornis, S. multiflora, S. pumila, S. sarmentosa, S. torta, and S. uva. Two other ones represent just new records for Vietnam: S. rigida (Dana, 1846) and S. crebra Ofwegen, 2008.


ABSTRACT Being connected to other people at the level of inner and unobservable mental states is one of the most essential aspects of a meaningful life, including psychological well-being and successful cooperation. The foundation for this kind of connectedness is our theory of mind (ToM), that is the ability to understand our own and others' inner experiences in terms of mental states such as beliefs and desires. But how do we develop this ability? Forty-six 17- to 107-months-old children completed a non-verbal eye-tracker false-belief task. There were 9 signing deaf children from deaf families and two comparison groups, that is 13 deaf children with cochlear implants and 24 typically developing hearing children. We show that typically developing hearing children and deaf children from deaf families, but not deaf children with cochlear implants, succeeded on a non-verbal eye-tracking ToM task. The findings suggest that the ability to recognize others' mental states is supported by very early, continuous and fluent language-based communication with caregivers.


In Data General Corporation Antitrust Litigation,l a federal trial court (the United States District Court for the Northern District of California) addressed the antitrust consequences of a software-hardware tie-in. The district court found the defendant computer manufacturer's practice innocuous. Its opinion, given the setting, suggested that courts would condone practically any similar software tie-in. The trial court indicated that the dispositive consideration was that the relevant market for computer cases includes a great many products, no one of which enjoys a dominant market share, so that the competitive impact of a computer industry tie-in or similar restriction is necessarily of little consequence. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has now reversed this judgement in an opinion that suggests that there is little legal room in the United States for any software tie-ins, at least where the software is entitled to intellectual property protection.2 Defendant Data General had required its customers to use its RDOS operating system software only on its Nova CPUs. Plaintiffs Fairchild and Digidyne unsuccessfully sought to market Nova-emulator CPUs, and sued Data General for allegedly foreclosing them from the market. They argued that a significant number of their potential customers (OEMs) could not buy CPUs from them because the OEMs were "locked in" to RDOS. The applications software that the OEMs owned would run only under RDOS, and the cost of acquiring replacement software that would run under whatever operating system the plaintiffs could supply was so great as to discourage the OEMs from purchasing the plaintiffs' CPUs. The trial court had held, first, that Data General's requirement that RDOS be used only on Novas was a "tie-in" cognizable under the United States antitrust laws. Second, it had held that the plaintiffs had lost some sales of CPUs


The inductor is an essential component in many electronic systems. But the passive inductance is not suitable due to its dimension and magnetic interference. To overcome these issues, active inductance is preferred. Active inductance is simulated using the RC network connected with an active device(s). Here, VG-DVCC (Variable Gain Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) is proposed as an active device. The VG-DVCC with two external R and one C component forms the Impedance Converter which converts Active RC network into Active Inductance. This paper gives an overview of the design-simulation of Active Inductance and the frequency range analysis of its linearity. Also, it highlights applications in the realization of constant k-prototype and resonance filters.


Bypass capacitor laminate type having an internal structure according to the present invention alternately stacked, wherein there are alternately formed signal feedthrough electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c and separated by the ground electrodes 7a, 7b with the dielectric sheet 1a is formed with a projecting portion containing 8a, 8b dielectric thin layer of ground electrode 3a, 3b and 1b are alternately laminated. Pair of end faces of the laminated body is formed with a connection 2b, 4b 4c, both the separation and signal feedthrough electrodes 2a, 2c connected to the first external electrodes 4a,, grounding electrodes 7a, 7b and the protruding portion 8a, 8b of third external electrodes 9a, 9b. Another second external electrode 5a and the ground electrode 3a, 3b is connected, 5b are formed on the end face. By arranging the ground electrode separation, crosstalk can be suppressed, improving the insertion loss characteristics.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transportation of heavy cylindrical objects with protection against precipitation. V-like supports 8 are located inside the car along loading side while two walls 8 with top joist 12 composed of section with flanges directed upward are mounted at sidebars 4 of the frame 2. Joist inner flanges have holes to receive studs of crosswise thrust bars. This car is equipped with protector 13 composed by two end walls and moving arches covered by canopy. Said arches are displaced towards end walls by carriages with rollers and locked by retainers to end walls. Angle between inclined surfaces of said supports makes 115-125 degrees. Every top joist is equipped with stiffness rib provided with vertical holes. Carriages of both extreme arches are equipped with retaining ratchets interacting with one of holes in horizontal stiffness rib. Thrust bars are equipped with rollers arranged at sides. EFFECT: fast preparation for loading and unloading, reliable fastening of coils. 12 cl, 5 dwg


For lack of shortcomings of purification of the active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine,a selective high-prepared supramolecular compound with three-dimensional netlike structure was prepared.The optimum conditions of preparation of resin were ultimately determined by comparing and analyzing the various factors: calcium carbonate as pore-forming agent,20% NaOH concentration,temperature of 50~55 ℃,15% crosslinker,the reaction time of 20 minutes.


Evidence of emotional distance between elderly parents and their adult children is taken from an anthropological study of ageing and family life. Two case studies drawn from a series of life history interviews illustrate the complex relationship between personal development, family relationships, culture and social structure. Unsatisfactory relationships are explained in terms of changing psychological needs through the life course, the cultural emphasis on independence and related values, the feminine tilt in family life, and the structure of in-law relationships. The complex interplay of these factors has implications for therapy with families experiencing estrangement.


FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to information-and-measuring equipment and computing technologies and is meant for being used in electric power industry to control the used life of transformer within the whole operating time thereof starting from its installation in electric mains. Device includes current sensor, analogue-to-digital converter, squaring device, exponential converter, functional converter, adder-accumulator, divider, indicator, reprogrammable memory unit, transmitter-receiver, computer, rectangular pulse generator, timer and clock timer, the first and the second counters, the first and the second univibrators. EFFECT: improving inspection accuracy of the used life and enlarging functional capabilities of the device. 2 cl, 2 dwg


The invention relates to a GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) service management system based on an OMCI (Operation Management Communication Interface) entity relationship model, comprising an entity relationship model analyzing functional module, an entity configuration abstract functional module and a bottom layer application program interface functional module. The entity configuration abstract functional module is connected with the entity relationship model analyzing functional module, the bottom layer application program interface functional module is connected with the entity configuration abstract functional module. By using the GPON service management system with the structure based on the OMCI entity relationship model, because the requirement of the detail of hardware is shielded by the entity configuration abstract functional module, the configuration of the entity relationship model analyzing functional module is not affected by the condition of the hardware of the bottom layer application program interface functional module, the general GPON service management system without binding with a chip based on the OMCI entity relationship model is formed, the maintenance and the modification of the system codes as well as the subsequent transplanting and development are facilitated.


A simple, rapid, and accurate reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of Tamsulosin HCl (TAM) and Tolterodine Tartrate (TOL) in combination. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and 20mM Ammonium Acetate buffer in the ratio of 60: 40. The pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 7.8 with Triethylamine. The column used was Inertsil ODS-3V (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using UV detection at 220nm. The total run time was 8 min and the retention time of TAM and TOL was 4.1 min and 5.8 min, respectively. The described method was linear for the assay of TAM and TOL over a concentration range of 0.2-0.6 μg/mL and 2-6 μg/mL respectively. Results of the analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The limit of quantitation for TAM and TOL was found to be 0.013μg/mL and 0.011μg/mL respectively. The results of the studies showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise, and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of TAM and TOL in bulk drug and its pharmaceutical dosage form.


The correlation between electronic and crystal structures of 1T-TiSe2 in the charge density wave (CDW) state is studied by x-ray diffraction. Three families of reflections are used to probe atomic displacements and the orbital asymmetry in Se. Two distinct onset temperatures are found, TCDW and a lower T* indicative for an onset of Se out-of-plane atomic displacements. T* coincides with a DC resistivity maximum and the onset of the proposed gyrotropic electronic structure. However, no indication for chirality is found. The relation between the atomic displacements and the transport properties is discussed in terms of Ti 3d and Se 4p states that only weakly couple to the CDW order.


A key to all species of the genus Taccarum and a synopsis with full synonymy is given. In addition, T. cardenasianum from Bolivia is described as a species new to science


Throughout the 2015-2016 school year, I completed several different cases within the realm of financial reporting and accounting. The purpose of this research was not only to familiarize myself with financial reporting methods but also to take a deep dive into
the intricacies of financial statements. Thus, this thesis paper will look vastly different than most theses submitted to the Honors College, for it covers a broad range of topics rather than honing in on just one area. The cases range from private companies to public companies, some domestic and some international. Throughout my research, one will
find that any problem, no matter how small, has the ability to affect financial statements in its own particular way. The method for research was really quite simple. Upon receipt of the case of interest for that week, I started by taking a deeper look at the situation and
the financial statements by critically reading all of the provided materials. Once this was complete, I sought to understand the situation by forming opinions and ideas about the company in question, and through deep analysis, formulated a resolution to each question. All of this work was done in a group setting with the other individuals who are both accountancy majors and in the Honors College. We were able to bounce ideas off of our partner for the week, which became an immensely helpful aspect of the process, as I
was able to gain new perspectives on items that I might not have totally understood. With each case that was turned in, an accounting firm came in to speak to us on the topic for which the class had undertaken for that two week span. This expanded the research even further as it allowed for professionals to share their opinion on the subject matter, sometimes giving an immensely different perspective than the popular opinion. The result of this process was an independent body of work that touches many of the major points of financial reporting, giving the reader a broad perspective of popular accounting issues.


This paper presents a fault diagnosis method based on structural analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), focusing on detecting and discriminating two of the most common faults in PMSMs, namely demagnetization and inter-turn short circuit faults. The structural analysis technique uses the dynamic mathematical model of the PMSM in matrix form to evaluate the system's structural model. After obtaining the analytical redundancy using the over-determined part of the system, it is divided into redundant testable sub-models. Four structured residuals are designed to detect and isolate the investigated faults, which are applied to the system in different time intervals. Finally, the proposed diagnostic approach is numerically verified through a simulation of an inverter-fed PMSM and white Gaussian noise are added to the measured signals from the motor to verify its diagnosis performances.


We present a self-repairing circuit for a mesh-connected processor array with faulty processing elements which are directly replaced by spare processing elements on two orthogonal lines at the edges of the array. First, the spare assignment problem is formalized as a matching problem in graph theory. Using the result, we present an algorithm for reconstructing the array in a convenient form for finding the matching by a logical circuit. Second, the logical circuit which exactly realizes the algorithm is given. The circuit can be embedded in a target processor array to reconstruct very quickly the array with faulty processing elements without the aid of a host computer. This implies that the proposed system is effective in enhancing especially the run-time reliability of a processor array.


The results obtained from a cost-effectiveness comparison of three different methods of crosslinking high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to make it a form-stable, useful thermal energy storage (TES) material are presented in some detail. In addition, the projected costs of a proposed HDPE-liquid thermal transfer system are compared to those of other liquid and air thermal transfer TES systems operative in the same 100 to 150/sup 0/C range. (MHR)


Ages assigned to 503 round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas)) from the Leaf River on the basis of otoliths differed notably from those assigned on the basis of scales only for fish above a...


This memorial refers to the planning process, production, execution and design of the
photobook "Subversive arena: Portrait of homossexual nudity". This is a product that
picture seven naked male homosexuals. The photobook is a printed product and also
available to the digital version. In addition to photographing the eight characters, there
will be interviews with them about how the body acceptance process went


We previously reported that inhibition of the 12‐lipoxygenase pathway abolished proliferation and induced apoptosis in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the 12‐lipoxygenase product 12(S)‐HETE stimulated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and reversed 12‐lipoxygenase inhibitor–induced growth inhibition. We investigated the underlying mechanism for 12(S)‐HETE–induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, using 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC‐1 and HPAF. Cell proliferation was monitored by both thymidine incorporation and cell number. Western blotting was used to investigate the effect of 12(S)‐HETE on cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as ERK, P38 MAPK and JNK/SAPK phosphorylation. 12(S)‐HETE markedly stimulated proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. In parallel, 12(S)‐HETE induced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins, while inhibition of tyrosine kinase by genestein abolished 12(S)‐HETE–induced proliferation, indicating that intracellular protein tyrosine kinase activation is involved in the mitogenic effects of 12(S)‐HETE. Following treatment with 12(S)‐HETE, both ERK and P38 MAPK, but not JNK/SAPK, were phosphorylated. The specific MEK inhibitors PD098059 and U0126, which in turn suppress ERK, abolished 12(S)‐HETE–stimulated proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of P38 MAPK with SB203580 did not affect 12(S)‐HETE–stimulated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, 12(S)‐HETE–stimulated ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by genestein, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for ERK activation. These findings suggest that both ERK and cellular protein tyrosine kinase activation are involved in 12(S)‐HETE–induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation but P38 and JNK/SAPK are not involved in this mitogenic effect. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


AFTER MORE THAN A DECADE of research and deliberation, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued its new lease accounting standard, Accounting Standards Codification® Topic 842, Leases, on February 25, 2016. The objective of the new leasing standard is to eliminate the estimated $1.25 trillion in offbalance- sheet financing found in most operating leases, address concerns from the 2005 Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) report on offbalance sheet activities, provide more robust information in the disclosure notes about operating leases, and increase transparency and comparability across organizations.


Abstract Background Group-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has inevitably been disrupted by COVID-19-related public health measures, increasing the risk of deterioration in modifiable risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Purpose To examine the impact of CR closure during the first COVID-19-related national lockdown in Austria in spring 2020 on patients' maintenance of physical activity, physical fitness levels, and cardiovascular risk profile; and to describe the patient experience of lack of group-based CR training due to COVID-19. Methods This mixed-methods study recruited patients from an outpatient CR centre in Austria during summer 2020. Eligibility criteria were regular attendance at weekly group-based exercise training at the centre until the COVID-19-related lockdown in March 2020; pre-lockdown completion of a maximal cycle ergometer test; no contraindications for maximal exercise testing; and no new complaints limiting exercise performance. Participants underwent post-lockdown quantitative assessment of physical fitness (maximal cycle ergometer testing, submaximal cycle ergometer training session at individual pre-lockdown settings) and cardiovascular risk status. These were compared with pre-lockdown data from medical records. Participants gave qualitative interviews about their experience of maintaining exercise during lockdown. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and interpreted using framework analysis. Results Twenty-eight (57%) of 49 eligible patients were recruited, 1 withdrew, and 27 completed all study procedures. Two participants were excluded from analysis of physical fitness data, due to subsequent diagnosis of new complaints limiting exercise performance. Mean (SD) age was 69 (7.4) years. Six (22%) were female. Median (IQR) time since first CVD event was 8 (5.5, 9) years. In maximal ergometer testing, 14 (56%) had deteriorated, 10 (40%) were unchanged, and 1 (4%) had improved post-lockdown. At group level, power was significantly reduced (maximal ergometer testing, submaximal ergometer training), whereas CVD risk factors remained unchanged from pre- to post-lockdown (table 1). Qualitative analysis corroborated the negative impact of the closure of CR classes (table 2). Conclusions This patient cohort was heterogeneous with respect to physical activity levels and exercise capacity, yet overall motivated and experienced in exercise training, having regularly attended training sessions at the centre before the lockdown. Despite individually seeking out alternative exercise options during lockdown, group average exercise capacity deteriorated even in this motivated and exercise-conscious group. This highlights the importance of providing group-based opportunities for supervised high intensity training for patients who engage well in such a setting, and the detrimental impact of disruption to this type of CR service. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft COVID-19 Support Measure: Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Enrichment Fund


Developing new products is essential for the long-term survival of companies. The fuzzy front end (FFE) is the first phase in the product innovation process and is considered an important determina ...


A flocking control method via simulated anneal algorithm is proposed in this paper. Motivated by the defining feature of simulated anneal algorithm, flocking control of mobile robots is considered as a problem of minimizing the system energy. A positive cost function is designed to represent the energy of the flocking state. With simulated anneal algorithm, the desired position for each robot with minimum energy is searched in finite time at each sampling period. A motion control law is designed finally to drive the robots toward to the desired position. Experiment is implemented to illustrate the proposed flocking method. Results show that the five robots have displayed the velocity matching and flock centering property.


The power electronic transformer is applied in various industrial fields instead of conventional transformer for its flexible voltage transfer ratio, high power density, low harmonic distortion and so on. In recent years, a variety of circuit topologies and control strategies of power electronic transformer used in different occasions are proposed. This paper present the analysis and compare of the current topologies of PET, then outlook the future development trend, can be as a technical reference for the research of the higher performance PET.


This book was initiated at the beginning of 2013 by Sven Thiberg, the co-founder and former
chairman of ARC•PEACE (International Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Respons -
ibility). He then submitted an application for funding from the Swedish Association of
Architects, which granted us a sum of USD 1000. This allowed us to arrange a panel debate on
Architecture and Planning under Different Political Systems in connection with ARC•PEACE's
General Assembly meeting in Vienna in April 2014. (It covered travel costs for panelists with
scarce resources plus some administrative costs).
Later on an invitation was sent out calling on ARC•PEACE members to send contributions to
this book. There was a tremendous response, resulting in no less than 15 willing authors. In
order to support the contributors, an editorial committee was formed composed of:
���Prof Emer Sven Thiberg, Sweden
���Prof Emer Dick Urban Vestbro, Sweden
���Dr Osman El Kheir, Sudan
���Dr Lina Suleiman, Sweden/Palestine
���
All the papers have been examined by the editorial group. In some cases chapters were sent back
to the author for revision, minor corrections or shortening.
In order to ensure that the papers would be presented in proper English, the Swedish/South
African journalist Madi Gray was approached. We extend thanks to her for doing the valuable
work of thorough corrections. We also thank Ingrid Sillen for offering to do the layout and final
editing, and for offering to use her company for publishing the book, including marketing and
taking care of orders. Her costs have been covered by a donation of SEK 10000 by the Head of
Department of Urban Planning and Environment at KTH. The donation was made "in honour
of our long-time co-worker Dick Urban".
Stockholm November 2014
Dick Urban Vestbro


Objective:To explore MRI characteristics of brain tumors in children.They were compared with pathologic tissues.Methods:60 cases with brain tumors proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Most tumors demonstrated low signal intensity or isointensity signal or hypo-and isointense on T_1-weighted images,heterogeneously high signal intensity on T_2-weighted images.They may display homogeneous or heterogeneously enhancement at magnetic resonance images.Conclusion:Glioma is the most common nerve system tumors in children and brain stem is the most common place.Craniopharyngioma is secondly common brain tumors in children and is most found in saddle or upper saddle;Medulloblastoma is most common cerebellar tumors.


1. IntroductionPneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung and it is also described as lung parenchyma/alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid1. Pneumonia can affect just one lobe of the left or right lung, a whole lung or both lungs. When the germs that cause pneumonia reach the lungs, the lung's air sacs (alveoli) becomes inflamed and infected. The infected lungs leak fluid and shed dead cells. As a result, fluid clogs up the air sacs and makes it less elastic and makes it hard for lungs to do their job of getting oxygen into the blood or in removing carbon dioxide from the blood as efficiently as usual. The lungs, as a result, has to work harder to satisfy the body's need for oxygen. When one has pneumonia, one gets the symptoms such as cough, fever, chill and trouble in breathing2-3. Pneumonia can result from variety of causes. Viruses are one of the two major causes of pneumonia, the other being bacteria, less common causes are other microorganisms such as fungi and parasites, certain drugs and other conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Bacteria, viruses or fungi that live in your nose, mouth, sinuses or the surrounding environment can enter the lungs and create infection. One can also get bacteria or virus from people infected with them. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children while in adults bacteria are the most common cause4.Pneumonia is a common illness affecting approximately 450 million people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups resulting in 4 million deaths (7% of words yearly total). Rates are highest in children less than five and adults older than 75 years of age. It occurs about 5 times more frequently in the developing world than in the developed world. Recent estimates from UNICEF shows that pneumonia continues to be number one killer of children around the world - causing 18% of all mortality, an estimated 1.3 million child deaths in 2011 alone. Nearly all pneumonia deaths occur in developing countries and three quarter of these takes place in just 15 countries, The annual child pneumonia deaths in 2010 are highest in India (396700), followed by Nigeria (143600), Congo (87000), Pakistan (79800), Ethiopia (57800), China (54700), etc5-6.1.1 Literature ReviewNo scientometric study had been published on pneumonia, one of the lung disease so far. However, few scientometric studies have been published on other lung diseases. For example, Arunachalam and Gunasekaran7 mapped India and China tuberculosis research during 1990-99 and identified institutions and cities active in research, journals used to publish the findings, use of high impact journals, impact of their research and extent of international collaboration reported. Gupta and Bala8 examined the Indian tuberculosis research using Scopus database during 1998-2009 and focused on parameters, such as growth, rank and global publications share, citation impact, share of international collaborative papers, contribution of major collaborative partner countries, contribution of various subject fields and type of tuberculosis and patterns of research communication in most productive journals. Asthma is a major chronic lung disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. Gupta and Bala9 bibliometricaly assess Indian asthma research output during 1999- l 2008 and focused on the growth, rank and global publications share, citation impact, share of international collaborative papers, contribution of major collaborative partner countries and contribution of various subject fields. It also analyzes the characteristics of most productive institutions, authors and high-cited papers2. ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to analyze the research performance of India in pneumonia research during 2004-13, based on publications indexed in Scopus database. …


This research was carried out on 125-day-old Ile de France (IF)X Akkaraman (AK) (G1) male lambs. In the research, the phenotypic parameters of some testis characteristics determined before and after slaughtering were calculated. The least-squares means of left and right testis diameters, left and right testis lengths, left and right testis volumes before and after slaughtering were found to be 3.7±0.09 cm and 4.2±0.12 cm; 3.9±0.10 cm and 4.2±0.11 cm; 6.6±0.17 cm and 7.4±0.21 cm; 6.9±0.17 cm and 7.4±0.17 cm; 51.7±2.76 cm3 and 70.1±4.57 cm3; 57.8±3.76 cm3 and 87.4±7.86 cm3, respectively. The least squares means of scrotal circumference before slaughtering was 23.8±0.55 cm. The least squares means of left and right testis weights, both testis weights, left and right testis circumferences, and both testis circumferences were found to be 85.3±4.0 g, 86.0±3.95 g, 161.0±8.27 g, 10.1±1.05 cm, 10.0±1.06 cm and 19.6±0.60 cm, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among testis chracteristics were significiant (p


The present invention hopes H By partially condensing the feed hydrogen-to form an enriched liquid fraction-enriched vapor fraction and a carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide-enriched liquid fraction to hydrogen-enriched vapor in combination with a defined and portionwise to form a mixture, such a mixture is desired, separated by cryogenic ever H


Tests were performed on unmodified asphalts of 35/50 grade penetration produced by French refineries to determine whether a prolonged pressure aging vessel (PAV) test would provide similar results to those obtained using the Strategic Highway Research Program coupled aging procedure, rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and PAV. Asphalts subjected only to PAV tests and identical samples after RTFOT and increasing PAV time were compared on the basis of (a) conventional consistency tests, penetration at 25°C, ring and ball softening temperature; (b) asphaltene content; (c) creep rheological tests at low temperature with the bending beam rheometer; and (d) complex modulus tests with the Metravib dynamic rheometer. The results show that a hypothesis of equivalence between the effects of (a) RTFOT and 5 h of PAV aging at 100°C and under 2.1 MPa and (b) RTFOT + 20 h of PAV and 25 h of PAV under the same conditions seems acceptable for the category of asphalts investigated.


An attempt is made to examine the various energy inputs into a typical solar heating and cooling system, and compare them with the output of that system. The Colorado State University house built by its Solar Applications Lab. at Fort Collins is used as an example. (WDM)


In recent years, a number of environmental challenges, including global warming and desertification, have risen to the forefront of human focus and attention. The soil of the earth has been the basis of human life and prosperity throughout the ages in all countries around the world; however, the confluence of global climate change and the accompanying land degradation is now contributing to a variety of socio-economic problems, such as the loss of farmland, air pollution (fine dust), severe famines (e.g., in Africa), water shortages, and so on. In this context, workers in the field of geotechnical engineering are among those responsible to preserve the land on planet Earth. In addition, they also have the responsibility to identify and prepare extraplanetary territory as an alternative to earth to ensure human survival in an extreme future scenario. In this paper, recent advances in the fields of geotechnical engineering and biotechnology are combined in an environmentally-friendly approach to soil treatment and preservation. Specifically, microbial biopolymers that have been adapted as novel soil binders are discussed in terms of how they function to enhance interparticle interactions in soils and facilitate plant growth with minimal environmental impact in terms of their CO2 emissions and groundwater disturbance. Numbers of research have been performed to investigate the bio-chemical interactions between biopolymers and soil with the objective of increasing their binding strength, and the optimal conditions for biopolymer treatment were explored while considering different types of biopolymers and soils. Today, bio-soil technologies have been practically implemented in a number of applications, including cement-free pavement, slope and embankment stabilization, aeolian erosion reduction, and in-situ ground improvement practices. Future commercialization strategies for these technologies are also discussed. 1) Professor 2) Senior Lecturer Keynote Paper The 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, & Materials Research (ACEM18) Songdo Convensia, Incheon, Korea, August 27 31, 2018


This article expands understandings about the effects of lifestyle migration on local communities through an analysis of the relationship between lifestyle migration and local sustainable development initiatives. La Manzanilla is a small town with a large population of foreign residents whom I designate as "lifestyle migrants," a category of consumption-driven mobility delineated in a growing field of scholarship about migrants moving primarily from the North to the South. I describe community development in the context of the shifting social and material landscape of the southern Jalisco coast of Mexico, with ethnographic attention to local sustainable development agendas that intersect with local conceptions of cosmopolitanism. In a community inhabited by lifestyle migrants for an entire generation of local residents, I analyze the influence of lifestyle migrant capital and ideology on an expanding local middle class youth, and suggest youth-initiated sustainable development is diminishing community vulnerability to displacement.


Steamflood constitutes one of method Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by injected steam with quality and particular flow rate kontinyu into reservoir. Its aim is increase oil mobility at reservoir by downs viscosity to produced passes through producer. Before does simulation exhaustively, there is it is better does to predict performance a steamflood's reservoir by analytic simple one. This studies compares two simple methods in prediction steamflood's reservoir performance by use of data historical on area R Duri Steamflood (DSF). Gomaa's method utilizes many graph have already at previous generalizing but just applies on field with given characteristic limitation. Then Myhill Stegemeier modifies equation that made by Mandl and Volek to interpose that displacement form in reservoir is frontal displacement one dimension yawns to oil. Both of that method have excess and its lack each. Compares two simple methods in predicting reservoir performance steamflood using historical data on the area "R" Steamflood Duri. Gomaa method using some charts that have been generalized before but only apply to the courts to limit certain characteristics. Myhill-Stegemeier then modify the equations created by Mandl and Volek to argue that the form of displacement in the reservoir is a one-dimensional frontal displacement steam to oil. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages of each. Both methods produce a number of different oil recovery. The cumulative oil recovery methods amounted to 1378917 Stegemeiers Myhill-STB (76% of OOIP) and Method Gomaa of the STB 999 072 (55% of OOIP). Comparison of steam-oil (FSO) obtained in Method Myhill is a comparison of cumulative, it is evident from the constant value (FSO) obtained from the first year until the 10th year. Gomaa is different from the method they are relatively oil-vapor ratio (FSO) obtained.


The aim of this paper is to inform the development of social work practice and policy by applying a practice-based evidence perspective to the experiential knowledge of social workers responsible for managing cases of elder abuse in Ireland. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design. Semi-structured interview data were collected from a purposive sample of eighteen senior case workers and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. The findings are presented according to three themes: elder abuse case management, practice strategies for overcoming challenges and augmenting protective practice. By examining practice in the context of wider socio-political and legislative contexts,thepaperprovideslearninginkeyareasfortheprotectionofolderpeople.Thechallenges to case management practice and the strategies employed to respond to these challengesarediscussedintermsofadultprotectiveservicepolicydevelopmentanditsrelationship to practice. While recognising the imperative to respect a client's right to selfdetermination, increased statutory authority for the duty of the state to protect older peoplefromabuseaswellastheroleofthecaseworkertoactonbehalfofthestatetoimplement protective interventions is important for the future development of the service.


Abstract : The objective of this Exploratory Award was to establish whether magic angle spinning NMR and polarized infrared Spectroscopy could be applied to obtain high resolution structural constraints on the transmembrane domain of the neu/erbB-2 receptor in membrane environments. Such data would be able to address specific models for receptor activation by the transforming glutamic acid 664 mutation. The ultimate goal has been to obtain a high resolution 3D structure of the transmembrane domain of the constitutively activated receptor that can be used to establish the activation mechanism and possibly serve as a guide to the design of competitive inhibitors. The results obtained to date demonstrate that the approach outlined was successful and has provided the ground work for further studies. The major conclusion that can be drawn thus far is that the valine to glutamic acid mutation that activates the neu receptor, and is associated with a large number of breast cancers, functions by stabilizing receptor dimers via strong head-to-head hydrogen bonding interactions of the protonated glutamic acid COOH side chain.


This research aims to model and analyze the RAT section methods, resource allocation policy and packet reordering pattern. A multi criteria selection based method, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has been applied to select the most suitable RAT in HWN. The TOPSIS method achieved to select the most appropriate RATs based on the types of services like voice calls, file downloading and video streaming according to their priority settings. The resource allocation has been modeled based on the game theoretic approach, namely; Shapley Value. The amount of bandwidth has been calculated to transmit 600Kbps data over the three networks where 225Kbps, 141Kbps and 233.33Kbps have been transmitted through, WiFi, Cellular and WiMAX networks respectively. An algorithm has been proposed to measure the associated delay and reordering entropy caused due to packet reordering in HWN and it has been compared to the Earlies Delivery Path First (EDPF) method both for CBR and VBR applications on NS3 simulator. A video clip for 1800 seconds have been transmitted from sender to receiver to analyze the performance in HWN. Based on the simulation results, the proposed method shows around 40% improvement over the EDPF method both for CBR and VBR applications in terms of packet reordering delay.


For a natural lake, there are usually two stable states, a clean state and a turbid state. However, there exists an alternative state, which is unstable and can shift to either a clean or a turbid state depending on varied environmental factors. In this paper, we report a lake undergoing a pattern of seasonal shifting. We found that Lake Xingyun appeared clean in winter with low level of nutrients, low Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and high secchi depth (SD). However, during summer, the lake turned into turbid with higher level of nutrients and Chl-a, but lower SD. In close response to environmental changes, phytoplankton population of the lake also adopted a pattern of seasonal shift. The order of the seasonal appearances of the dominant populations was as follows: Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta in spring, Microcystis in summer, Melosira in autumn, and Chlorophyta in winter. Our data clearly indicate that Lake Xingyun stayed in clean state in winter but became turbid in summer, and 0.07-0.135mg/L can be considered as the total phosphorus (TP) threshold concentration for Lake Xingyun's alternation between those two states. We also found that both TP and water temperature were the major factors influencing the phytoplankton biomass and its succession. In addition, wind also played a significant role in promoting the dominance of Chlorophyta in winter. In conclusion, Lake Xingyun, represents an alternative state lake with a certain nutrient level, can undergo a seasonal regime shift. Temperature change is the primary force that drives Lake Xingyun to shift its regime state.


ABSTRACT This paper examines differing articulations of proto-lesbian identity in the long nineteenth century, in which educated, middle-class white women emulated the figure of Sappho in their writing and formulated Sappho-inspired communities through creative salons, societies, clubs, and social/literary networks. It maps the progression from the romantic friendships of the eighteenth century to the Boston marriages of the nineteenth century, to the beginning of the twentieth century, when love between women went from noble and virtuous to deviant and morbid sexual 'inversion'. The question is not only treated chronologically but geographically, the position of American-based women writers juxtaposed with the opportunities afforded by specifically 'Paris-Lesbos'. The following study maps these Transatlantic communities as early forms of 'Lesbian Nations' through their use of the 'Lesbian' poet. It engages in a form of Sapphic 'remembering,' questions how and who we remember, and contributes to current understandings of a 'lesbian' historical past.


In the present paper, the behavior of Kerman-Baghin aquifer has been investigated using the MODFLOW program and GMS 10.3 software. The piezometer data during October 2011 are applied for steady state condition of groundwater modeling. Then, the model is calibrated for 66 months for unsteady condition using observational information, and it is validated for 24 months. Finally, the results are compared with the available observed data and show acceptable accuracy in calibration and validation steps. After validating the model, the status of the aquifer is estimated for a period of 5 years. Management scenarios including 10, 20 and 30 percent reduction in groundwater abstraction as well as artificial recharge at eight selected aquifer sites have been investigated. The location of artificial recharge sites is selected based on seven parameters of land slope, distance from waterways, distance from faults, electrical conductivity, hydraulic conductivity, geology of the area and groundwater depth (thickness of unsaturated area). These parameters are combined with the index overlay method by Arc GIS 10.3 software. The results show that by continuing the current situation, the Kerman-Baghin aquifer could face an average annual deficit of more than 52 million cubic meters. It may cause various problems in the near future including abstraction water from groundwater sources and reducing water quality. The results of implementing different scenarios show that, the best scenario can be obtained by 10% reducing water withdrawal with artificial recharge in four zones 1, 2, 10 and 12.


Estuarine measurements of suspended sediments over sand waves have been taken with the objective of clarifying the role of turbulence in suspension transport, sand waves development, and migration. To discern the mechanisms of transport, observations of the turbulent flow were taken and records of the response of the suspended sediment concentration were obtained using acoustic backscattering (ABS). As an intermediate goal of the overall objective an analysis of the ABS data has been conducted with the aim of assessing and quantifying the acoustic technique. Recent theoretical descriptions of the interaction of sound with suspensions are presented, and predictions are compared with a laboratory study on suspensions of spheres and noncohesive sediments. The laboratory data show the theoretical approach to be broadly correct, and it has been implemented to interpret the estuarine observations. Acoustic estimates of the suspended sediment concentration have been compared with pumped sample data and shown to be similar. Comparison of the laboratory and estuarine estimates for the form function and total scattering cross section for the estuarine sediments is presented, and some unresolved differences are considered. The effects of the sediment attenuation and the random amplitude of the backscattered signal are also highlighted, and their implications regarding acoustic estimates of the suspended sediment concentration are addressed. Finally, after assessing the accuracy of the acoustic approach, high-resolution estimates of the suspended concentration are presented with some speculation on the origins of the concentration variability observed.


type="main" xml:id="acfi12101-abs-0001"> We examine the informativeness of analyst forecast revisions that are directionally inconsistent with prior stock price movements (sign-inconsistent revisions). Sign-inconsistent revisions represent approximately one-half of the forecast revisions from 1995 through 2010. Our tests indicate that sign-inconsistent revisions are less informative than are sign-consistent revisions. Sign-inconsistent revisions are less likely to be closer to actual earnings realizations and they generate smaller stock price reactions. We also find evidence that sign-inconsistent revisions are associated with analysts' economic incentives to generate trading volume and their behavioural limitations related to information uncertainty. These results suggest that sign-inconsistent revisions do not necessarily benefit investors.


We have obtained simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations of the cataclysmic variable 1RXS J064434.5+334451. We have calibrated the spectra for slit losses using simultaneous photometry, allowing us to construct reliable Doppler images from Hα and He II 4686-Å emission lines. We have improved the ephemeris of the object based on new photometric eclipse timings, obtaining HJD = 245 3403.759 533 + 0.269 374 46E. Some eclipses present a clear internal structure, which we attribute to a central He II emission region surrounding the white dwarf, a finding supported by Doppler tomography. This indicates that the system has a large inclination angle i = 78 ± 2◦. We have also analysed the radial velocity curve from the emission lines to measure its semi-amplitude, K1, from Hα and He II 4686 and derive the masses of the components M1 = 0.82 ± 0.06 M , M2 = 0.78 ± 0.04 M and their separation a = 2.01 ± 0.06 R . The Doppler tomography and other observed features in this nova-like system strongly suggest that this is a SW Sex type system.


The intake system provides the internal combustion engine with fresh air and it has a major effect on engine performance and emissions. Therefore great attention has to be focused on the design of the intake system. Many investigations are related to the improvement of the breathing capacity of the engine, to the minimization of pressure losses along the pipes and to the distribution uniformity of air among the cylinders of the engine. This paper deals with the design of the intake system of the racing car engine with special demands. The imposed constraint is a single circular restrictor in the intake system, positioned between the throttle and the engine. All engine airflow passes through this restrictor of 20 mm diameter for gasoline-fuelled cars. The only allowed sequence consists of a throttle, restrictor and engine. Keeping these requires in mind, the flow and pressure loss reduction in the engine intake region are investigated with computational fluid dynamics software. On the basis of numerically obtained results, the intake system is designed and practically manufactured in our racing car engine. 217 Journal of KONES Internal Combustion Engines 2002 No. 1 2 ISSN 1231 4005


The paper taps on ten aspects of man in the future and change of education concept.It is argued that there are some misunderstanding in the present education and teaching.We should look at these issues from the high plane of man needed in the future society,take cultivating man with new knowledge structure and creativity as our goal,and reflection on the major issues as well as bring about solutions.


Ten adult volunteers were given three oral doses of 0·46‐0·56 mg/kg body weight of 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) in a liquid formulation under fasting conditions, and after ingestion of a low‐fat or fat‐rich breakfast. 8‐MOP serum levels and photosensitivity were measured 0·5–4 h after drug ingestion. The 1‐h 8‐MOP serum levels and photosensitivity were significantly higher in fasting conditions than after ingestion of a low‐fat or fat‐rich meal (intra‐individual median difference in photosensitivity 7·5 J/cm2). On 12 of 20 occasions when the drug was taken after food ingestion, the 1‐h 8‐MOP serum concentration was below 30 ng/ml.


Aim and objective: To assess the effectiveness of Self Care Module on knowledge and attitude
regarding prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Tuberculosis (TB)
patients. Methodology: A quasi experimental, equivalent control group design was chosen to
assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding Self Care Module conducted at selected
setting, Chennai. 60 Tuberculosis (TB) patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as
samples using non probability purposive sampling technique. Self Care Module consists of lecture
cum discussion, video show and reinforcement regarding prevention of MDR-TB. The pre and post
test level of knowledge and attitude was assessed using structured interview schedule and 4 point
Likert scale respectively. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the comparison of post
test level of knowledge and attitude scores regarding prevention of MDR-TB between experimental
and


The Lights In the Tunnel Automation, Accelerating ... The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future [Martin Ford] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. What will the economy of the future look like? Where will advancing technology, job automation, outsourcing and globalization lead? This groundbreaking book by a Silicon Valley computer engineer explores these questions and shows how ...


Abstract This paper seeks to analyze the role of the Ruling Kuomintang in the Decision- Making Process with regard to the Mainland Policy under the Ma Ying-Jeou administration, using as an example the mechanism for engagement and dialogue between the KMT and the Communist Party of China (CPC) known as the KMT-CPC Platform. The opposition says that it represents "the party leading the government," or the "selling-out of Taiwan". But through the case studies, we can find that the KMT-CPC Platform is a channel via which the Ma administration has interacted with the CPC in order to glean information on the inner workings of the mainland and the intentions of the CPC Central Committee, which was then used to guide policymaking. Moreover, the KMT has not been the central player in policy decisions and the KMT leadership, which was has no mandate to negotiate with the mainland, has served rather to enforce some of the mainland policies created by the Ma administration and to serve as a messenger of Ma Ying-Jeou. And all the criticisms about the KMT-CPC Platform was not the KMT-CPC Platform but the lack of foresight and sufficient responses by those at the center of Ma administration. In engaging with the CPC via the KMT-CPC Platform, whose size and function have no comparable equivalent in any of the world's other political parties, Ma revealed deficiencies in his leadership.


: The purpose of the present study is to identify the antecedents of the behavioural intention in using app-based services used for ride-sharing in an Indian context. The basic TAM model in extended form has been examined for studying the impact of the various factors on attitude formation and behavioural intention to use app-based ride-sharing. The constructs used in the structural model were tested by using software SPSS & AMOS. A total sample of 351 respondents was collected from the Indian capital region who have behavioural intentions in using app-based ride-sharing. The study established that societal influence and ecological concern for the environment are the prime factors for people in making positive attitudes toward using ride-sharing apps. App based ride-sharing providers can provide social media interface to increase the usage of such apps among the masses. This study proposes three additional factors; societal influence, ecological concern, and economical benefits along with existing perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as an antecedent of app-based ride-sharing service adoption behaviour.


According to the information demand of the people in the network age that is increasing and varying day by day, and from the angle of the literature resources construction, this paper makes analysis and research on the features of the variation of users' demand and the influence of the information environment and the demand variation on the literature resources construction, and puts forward the idea of literature resources construction of the library guided by the users' demand in the light of some relevant problems.


Investment multiplier theory is a kind of method that mathematical models are applied to describe how the investment demands affect the economic growth in quantit y by Keynesian school,and from which we can use for reference.But in the practice of investment,we 'll find that the rev enue would not multiply as the established multiplier,and even there exists a great difference.This paper will analyze the specific applic ation of investment multiplier to reveal the difference between the theo-ry and its application in practice.


Forest structure and succession in Wolong Nature Reserve is influenced by the understory dwarf bamboo population. However, less is known about how the forest succession affects the dwarf bamboo population. To examine the bamboo ramet population growth of Fargesia nitida (Mitford) Keng f. et Yi and to determine how ramet population structure varies along the succession of coniferous forest, we sampled ramet populations of F. nitida from the following three successional stages: (i) a deciduous broad-leaved (BL) stand; (ii) a mixed broad-leaved coniferous (MI) stand; and (iii) a coniferous (CF) stand. We investigated the population structure, biomass allocation, and morphological characteristics of the bamboo ramet among the three stand types. Clonal ramets, constituting the bamboo population, tended to become short and small with succession. The ramet changed towards having a greater mass investment in leaves, branches and underground roots and rhizomes rather than in the culm. With respect to leaf traits, individual leaf mass and area in the BL stand were markedly bigger than those in both the MI and CF stands, except for no significant difference in specific leaf area. The age distribution showed that the bamboo population approached an older age with succession. The results demonstrate that the ramet population structure of F. nitida is unstable and its growth performance is inhibited by succession.

(Managing editor: Ya-Qin Han)


Innovation in developed countries is known to suffer from downsizing. Despite the importance of innovation for firms in developing countries and their frequent practice of downsizing, the impact of the latter on the former is yet unverified. Moreover, little is known about how to overcome potentially related innovation obstacles. We close this research gap with a study across nine developing countries in Africa and South Asia. We put forward that labor flexibility (numerical, functional, and wage and reward flexibility) can mitigate the negative effect of downsizing on process innovation. To test this idea, we use a firm-level data set that combines the World Bank's Enterprise Survey and Innovation Follow-up Survey for 2,988 firms. As expected, we find downsizing to be detrimental to process innovation. Labor flexibility, however, allows firms to remain innovative despite downsizing. More specifically, both numerical flexibility (temporary employment) and functional flexibility (training) can buffer the negative impact downsizing has on innovation. Cushioning the Blow: Labour Flexibility and Retaining Firm Innovativeness in Times of Downsizing Firms increasingly engage in downsizing, "the elimination of jobs in an organization" (Chadwick et al., 2004, p. 405) with the goal to increase efficiency, cut costs (McKinley et al., 2000) or align a firm's structure with its strategy (Aalbers and Dolfsma, 2014; Datta et al., 2010). Still, the vast majority of downsizing firms experience a decrease in performance rather than the desired increase (Guthrie and Datta, 2008; Hansson and Gandolfi, 2011). Furthermore and more specifically, downsizing is detrimental to creativity (Amabile and Conti, 1999) and innovation (Dougherty and Bowman, 1995; Gandolfí and Oster, 2009; Marques et al., 2014). Innovation, however, is pivotal for firms' competitiveness (Michie and Sheehan, 2005), and it is a driver for economic growth and social welfare. As such, innovation is especially critical for firms in developing countries (OECD, 2012; Peerally et al., 2018). Process innovation in particular can be a way for firms to increase efficiency, decrease cost and secure competitive advantage (Davenport, 1992), which makes it essential for firms operating in this context. Consequently, understanding the thus far unstudied impact of downsizing on process innovation in developing countries as well as finding ways to overcome potentially detrimental effects is essential. Studies conducted in developed countries suggest that certain organizational practices such as improving communication (Chadwick et al., 2004) or increasing perceived organizational justice (Spreitzer and Mishra, 2002) can reduce the negative impact of downsizing (Amabile and Conti, 1999). We expand these insights and shed light on whether labor flexibility mechanisms are appropriate organizational practices to mitigate the innovation challenges firms face after downsizing. Labor flexibility refers to a firm's 1 ability to respond to changes in market conditions (Wright and Snell, 1998), primarily by the means of three firm-level instruments: numerical, functional, and wage as well as reward flexibility. Numerical flexibility refers to firms' ability to vary the amount of labor employed, through e.g. temporary employees. Functional flexibility encompasses firms with a workforce capable of accomplishing an extensive range of tasks by nurturing employees' knowledge and skills through training. Wage and reward flexibility is established by having compensation systems such as bonuses and performance-related pay in place, which encourage and reward improved performance (Michie and Sheehan, 2005). This study enriches existing research by assessing how different forms of labor flexibility can soothe the proposed negative effect of downsizing on firms' level of process innovation. The contributions of our study are threefold. First, studies identifying organizational practices that enable firms to remain innovative despite downsizing are still scarce (Aalbers and Dolfsma, 2014; Chadwick et al., 2004; Love and Nohria, 2005). One thus far understudied organizational practice, which warrants special attention in this context, is labor flexibility. Labor flexibility allows firms to quickly react to changes in the environment (Arvanitis, 2005) and to flexibly reconfigure their resource base in the face of change (Wright and Snell, 1998). There are many 'threatening aspects of change inherent in downsizing' (Mishra and Spreitzer, 1998, p. 582). It is thus especially intriguing to shed light on whether labour flexibility can help firms to react to these changes and to overcome the innovation challenges brought about by downsizing. Second, most research on downsizing has focused on large firms (Amabile and Conti, 1999; Marques et al., 2014; Mellahi and Wilkinson, 2008). However, downsizing also regularly occurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) (The World Bank, 2018). In 2 SMEs, the relationship between firm members is particularly close (Torres, 2011), often even familial. Therefore, and given their informality, small firms frequently depend on psychological contracts to govern employment relationships (Nadin, 2007). Psychological contracts specify the unwritten mutual obligations between a firm and its employees (Rousseau, 1989). Downsizing is widely found to result in a breach of employees' psychological contract (Arshad and Sparrow, 2010; Conway et al., 2014; Datta et al., 2010). This has widespread negative implications for employees' commitment, motivation and innovation-related behaviors (Ng et al., 2010). Given the close ties between all parties involved and the importance of psychological contracts, the consequences of downsizing are especially traumatic in small firms (Torres, 2011). Shedding light on the relationship between downsizing and innovation is therefore particularly interesting in SMEs and sets our research apart from previous studies. Third, the context of developing countries is both highly unique as well as understudied (George et al., 2016). Given the importance of innovation for developing countries (OECD, 2012) and the frequent practice of downsizing (The World Bank, 2018), it is crucial to study the relationship between the two in this specific context. Two characteristics of developing countries are especially relevant for our study, namely the time perspective of employees and the availability of human capital. Time perspective refers to the nonconscious process of assigning personal experiences to temporal time frames such as past, present or future (Fieulaine and Apostolidis, 2015). Employees challenged with the hardship of poverty in developing countries are frequently found to have a short time perspective (Moseley, 2001), which is expected to change their reaction to the use of labor flexibility practices. Furthermore, developing countries face a scarcity of human capital. 3 Human capital refers to the knowledge, information, ideas and skills of individuals (Wright and McMahan, 2011). In developing countries, getting access to the human capital required for successful innovation (van Uden et al., 2017), is frequently a considerable challenge for firms. This struggle is expected to be relevant for the moderating relationship proposed in this study. Overall, our research contributes to a more nuanced investigation of the impact downsizing has on process innovation with a particular emphasis on the interaction between different labor flexibility forms. By conducting a quantitative study across nine developing countries in South Asia and Africa, we apply a mainstream theory to a nonmainstream context (George et al., 2016). Our study aims at equipping decision makers with managerial knowledge on the effect of downsizing on process innovation as well as on how to remain innovative despite downsizing. THEORY AND HYPOTHESES Innovation and downsizing Innovation is key – not only for highly technologically advanced firms in developed countries but also for small firms in developing countries (Zanello et al., 2016). This insight is supported by the finding that "the build-up of innovative capacities has played a central role in the growth dynamics of successful developing countries" (OECD, 2012). Innovation can differ in its degree of radicalness and can take various forms such as new products, processes, as well as marketing or organizational methods. The minimum requirement to qualify as an innovation is to be new (or significantly improved) to the firm, even if adopted from other firms (OECD, 2005). In this study, we focus on process innovation, which refers to the "implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. 4 This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software" (OECD, 2005). The focus on process innovation is especially intriguing for the following reasons: first, previous research has primarily focused on assessing the effect of downsizing on product innovation (Dougherty and Bowman, 1995; Mellahi and Wilkinson, 2010, 2008). Insights into the effects on process innovation are still scarce. Second, downsizing harms employees' psychological contract and as a consequence their motivation and commitment. The decrease in motivation and commitment is expected to be especially detrimental to process innovation: in contrast to product innovation, which is usually conducted in dedicated R&D departments, process innovation requires the motivation and willingness of employees across different functions to engage and contribute (Arshad and Sparrow, 2010). Third, downsizing results in the loss of firm-specific knowledge. This poses a significant challenge for process innovation as employees' insights into existing processes as well as understanding of the newly introduced procedures is vital for its success (Boer and During, 2001). Innovation has been frequently found to suffer from downsizing (Dougherty and Bowma


An anisotropic impedance surface based on electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) theory is proposed to produce reconfigurable dual-beam radiation through surface-wave (SW) lensing by controlling SW propagation across the surface-to-air interface. The reconfiguration of the lensing effect is triggered by switching between 4.0- and 4.5-GHz frequencies, utilizing the anisotropy of the impedance surface created from two mutually exclusive EBGs along the two orthogonal spaces. The bandgaps are formed by a periodic arrangement of two different split-ring resonators (SRRs) with bandgaps at around 4.0 and 4.5 GHz along the orthogonal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axes, respectively, producing a strong axially symmetric anisotropy. As a result, a surface-bound wave, i.e., both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM), faces asymmetric propagation reluctance toward these two directions one of which is very high compared to the other at frequencies around the individual bandgaps of the unit cells. The proposed impedance surface is designed and simulated using commercial electromagnetic simulation software and then fabricated and measured to validate the model.


Autonomous navigation in proximity to the Moon presents challenges not found in near-Earth navigation. The most obvious difference is the absence of GPS as a possible measurement. During the Apollo era, navigation relied on tracking and state updates from the ground. The Orion program, however, is required to navigate autonomously from the ground. Due to absence of an atmosphere on the Moon, optical terrain navigation is a viable option and has produced good results in past studies [1, 2, 3].


The dynamic nonlinearity approach, coupled with the exchange rate data series, makes its future predictions difficult. Sophisticated methods are highly desired for effective prediction of such data. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown their ability to model and predict such data. This article presents a multi-verse optimizer (MVO) based multiplicative functional link neural network (MV-MFLN) model to forecast the exchange rate data. Functional link neural network (FLN) makes use of functional expansion for input data with a fewer number of adjustable neuron weights, which makes it capable of learning the uncertainties accompanying the exchange rate data. In contrast to the summation unit at the output layer of FLN, the proposed model uses a multiplicative unit to enhance the ability to learn the complex correlations within the input data. The MVO is employed to fine-tune the parameters of the MFLN. We validate the MV-MFLN on multi-step-ahead forecasting of six exchange rate series through the mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) metrics. A comparative study with additional forecasts such as genetic algorithm based MFLN (GA-MFLN), differential evolution based MFLN (DE-MFLN), teachinglearning based optimization trained MFLN (TLB-MFLN), and gradient descent based MFLN (GD-MFLN) developed similarly is carried out. It is found that the proposed forecast produces the lowest MAPE values and quite capable of capturing the uncertainties associated with exchange rate data. Observations from comparative performance analysis suggest the superiority of the MV-MFLN-based forecast.


Waterbodies in northern Cote d'Ivoire are predominantly lakes created from dams. One of them, Lake Solomougou, with an area of 500 hectares, is the largest fishing spot around the city of Korhogo. The present work has been undertaken from October 2018 to September 2019 in order to study demographic structure of fishermen and types of fishing gears used in this fishery. A total of 46 fishermen were recorded during the study period. Among them, 95.65% were of Malian origin and the others were Ivorians. Their ages ranged from 13 to 61 years and 95.74% of them have not had formal education. Also, 45.45% of the fishermen exclusively used gillnets while 9% of them used gillnets in combination with other fishing gears. The other fishermen used traps, sparrow hawks, longlines, seine nets; bamboo trap the was used only by one fisherman. Proportions of traps (47.35%) and gillnets (44.86%) were the highest in this fishery in terms of numbers, while those for bamboo traps and seine nets were 0.31% and 1.25%, respectively. Gillnets used in the fishery had bar lengths ranging from 14 to 40 millimeters. However, according to current Ivorian legislation on the regulation of inland fisheries, 87.5% of them are not regulated in this fishery because they have bar length less than 35 centimeters.


This study examined the effects of an absolute and relative leaderboard on student learning performance and motivation in a fully online videoconferencing supported course. Results suggest that there was no statistically significant difference in student learning gain between the two leaderboard settings. There was also no significant difference in student intrinsic motivation. However, according to students' interviews and survey responses, most students preferred the relative to the absolute leaderboard. Students felt that the relative leaderboard imposed less peer pressure than the absolute leaderboard, and it helped them concentrate on setting their personal goals for the subsequent course activities. Students also preferred to see the top 5 peers listed publicly on the relative leaderboard to determine the performance gap distance concerning their performance and the highperformance peers.


My letter in the March Number of the Geological Magazine, asking for a description of the "Herschel-Babbage" theory of Mountain formation, appears to have called forth Mr. Davison's "Note on the Expansion Theory of Mountain Evolution," in which he favours us with his definition of the "fundamental principle of the theory of terrestrial evolution which has sometimes been called the 'expansion theory.'"


Using the visualization finite element analysis software "Ground Water Simulation System"(GWSS),we conduct precise modeling of Jishixia concrete face rockfill dam.It covers the modeling of dam body(concrete face,transition layer,drainage layer,rockfill materials),dam foundation,anti-seepage curtain,spillway tunnel and bottom desilting tunnel.Numerical simulation of the complicated seepage field is performed by improved cut off negative pressure method with free surface evolution,tunnel substructure and Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient algorithm for solving large sparse matrix.Seepage distribution characteristics and seepage control effect for the combination of concrete face and anti-seepage curtain as well as the influence of spillway tunnel and bottom desilting tunnel on the seepage flow in the dam are studied.Numerical simulation results show that,the combination of concrete face and anti-seepage curtain does well in seepage control under normal operation condition.Meanwhile,the bottom desilting tunnel and spillway tunnel on the left bank play a positive role.They reduce the groundwater level of left bank significantly and are favorable to the stability of the dam and bank slope.


We report on experimental and theoretical studies of the polarization selection rules of the emission of non-polar GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots. Time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements have been performed to determine the degree of polarization. It is found that the emission of some samples can be predominantly polarized parallel to the wurtzite c axis, in striking difference with the previously reported results for bulk GaN and its heterostructures, in which the emission was preferentially polarized perpendicular to the c axis. Theoretical calculations based on an 8-band k·p model are used to analyze the relative importance of strain, confinement and quantum dot shape on the polarization selection rules. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper presents a vector quantization system that limits the maximum distortion introduced to a pre-selected threshold value. This system uses a recently introduced variation of the L/sub /spl infin// distortion measure that attempts to minimize the occurrences of quantization errors above a preselected threshold. The vectors are first coded using the new distortion measure. The quantization error vectors in which at least one entry is above the threshold are again coded using a residual vector quantizer. The pixels of the input image where the quantisation errors are still above the threshold are scalar quantized to force all the errors under the specified threshold. An experimental result is included in which all the error magnitudes are constrained to be below fifteen. This image was coded using 0.85 bits per pixel with a relatively simple multiplier-free vector quantizer and without entropy coding.


The type of Nansha wetland is divided into offshore wetland, river wetland, library pond wetland and other types. According to the survey, statistical yearbook and historical literature, value assessment including material production,pollution purification, water conservation, wave elimination, habitat, climatic regulation, entertainment, education research and so on were assessed by market valuation method, shadow project method, cost replacement method, income replacement method, cost method and results of reference method. The results show that, the value of Nansha wetland ecosystem services is 61.5 billion/year, among which the environment regulation value is the largest, about 24.76 billion/year, account for 40.27% of the total service value;Followed by material production function value with 21.42 billion/ year,accounting for 34.84% of the total value; The value of humanities and social service is 15.31 billion/year, accounting for24.90% of the total value. From the proportion of ecosystem services value, we can see that the value of ecosystem services is directly related to the structure of ecosystem itself.


The essay examines changes in German law on administrative procedure recently introduced to address the challenge of digitization. This reform was undertaken in the framework of the very complex German legal system, which has federal structure, as well as the so-called "three pillars" of general administrative, financial and social security procedures, and a tradition of homogeneous development. The article also investigates the links between administrative procedural law and the legislation on e government, as well as the problem of the poor interoperability of the IT systems of the various levels of government (Federation, Lander and Municipalities), that the (federal) law on online access to public services proposes to solve. Finally, the potential and limits of digitization of administrative procedure are examined, distinguishing binding and routine measures (easily automated) from the new frontiers of artificial intelligence.


A guide to assist UTSC students in French to find and use library resources needed to successfully complete their course work.


Unequal irradiance of series connected PV panels in a string strongly decreases the output power of the PV system, as either PV panels are bypassed or operated below their MPP. By connecting balancing converters around each pair of adjacent PV panels, all panels can maintain the operation close to their MPP regardless of any mismatched operating condition. In this paper a balancing converter concept with ZVS is introduced and the operation of a string of PV panels equipped with balancing converters is analytically described. Based on this analytic framework, different examples of shading scenarios of a PV string are examined regarding the average inductor current values that occur within the balancing modules, in order to derive the required specifications of a balancing converter. Moreover, a two-level overcurrent protection concept is introduced which enables to keep all balancing converters within the safe operating area at all times, even at shading conditions with high mismatch. Furthermore, the design optimization of a highly efficient PV voltage balancing converter with a wide input voltage range is explained in detail and finally the concept is verified with measurement results of a demonstrator system.


The present invention relates to a film forming composition comprising a hydroxypropylated starch fluidized and sorbitol, and also relates to a coating method using such a composition. The present invention also relates to solid forms comprising a film-coated hydroxypropylated starch fluidized and sorbitol in their coating.


Serious problems are becoming evident after 20 years of liberalization concerning the development of Czech military training areas (MT As) and, in particular in their neighbouring zones. An important task is to devise procedures that emphasize essential conditions for the successful spatial and social integration of these marginal areas in the Czech regional system. The contemporary research presented is based on primary research of an area of special interest in the context of a situation analysis and specification of the role of local inhabitants of the military training area regarding issues of its functional use. The presented article analyzes the regional development intentions of the different hierarchical levels of board/administration (municipal, micro-regional, regional and departmental/governmental), concerning the role of an MT A in the regional system – in the case of MT A Boletice, this study's area of interest. The qualitative research presented is based on the analysis, interpretation and evaluation of primary data, procured through structured interviews and questionnaires carried out with representatives of local administration at various hierarchical levels. The attitudes of the primary stakeholders interested in the decommitment/conversion of MT As are mainly concerned with investment benefits and project development locations rather than environmental protection legislation.


PO.8.174 Figure 1[Figure omitted. See PDF]ConclusionsReview of the literature in Pubmed revealed 12 reported cases of renal artery thrombosis in patients with COVID-19, but none with renal vein thrombosis as presented above. The present case adds another piece to the data of possible COVID-19 thrombosis, with excellent outcome due to early diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment.


Objective:To study the clinicopathological factors related to prognosis in epithelial borderline tumor of ovary (EBTO). Methods:16 cases of EBTO from January1996 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The histological types among 16 cases were mucous 5(31%),serous 11(69%). The clinical stages:12(75%)cases of stageⅠ,2(12.5%)cases of stageⅡ,2(12.5%)cases of stage Ⅲ,0 case of stageⅣ. All the patients were received surgery. The 5-year survival rates were 92.3% for simple operation and 83.3% for 6 cases with chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide,adriacin and cisplatin complexes after operation (P0.01). The 5-year survival rates were 91% for 9 cases with conservative operation and 66.7% for 6 cases of radical operation among 12 cases of stageⅠ. Conclusion: Surgery is the main method to treat EBTO. The postoperative chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of EBTO.


There is only one population of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) surviving in the wild, which has not exceeded 40 individuals since it was rediscovered in 1981. We used detailed data of the annual population size and natality collected by the Crested Ibis Conservation and Observation Station (CICOS) over the past 17 years. We were able to obtain a more accurate census of age structure and mortality as all of the fledglings have been identified by leg bands in 1987. Consequently, we analyzed the current state of the crested ibis and predicted its future using Population Viability Analysis (PVA) with the help of the computer simulation model VORTEX (Version 7.2). The results indicated that the extinction probability of the crested ibis was 19.7% in 100 years. Sensitivity analysis showed that the extinction probabilities were sensitive to catastrophes and environmental variation, and the long-term existence of the population was dependent on the carrying capacity of the habitat and inbreeding depression. Conservation efforts are critical for the survival of the crested ibis. The prior conservation project involves controlling hunting and predation, as well as improving the life level of these few remnant creatures.


Synopsis : The effect of residual stress on fatigue strength of a medium carbon steel was investigated. Specimens were induction hardened and subsequently reheated in three conditions to give them various distributions of residual stress. Fatige limit was improved by reheating in a condition compared with as induction hardened. Residual stress after the heat-treatments was compressive around the surface of the specimens, and varied to tensile stress in the inner unhardened region. A method to estimate fatigue limit from the total stress which is the sum of the residual stress and applied stress was proposed.