This thesis focused on the retrievals of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) from microwave data and thermal infrared data. (1) This thesis provides a method to retrieval LSE from the AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) and develops a Soil-Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Model (SARTM) to simulated brightness temperatures at satellite level. SARTM model is built from MonoRTM (MONOchromaticRadiative Transfer Model) and from AIEM (Advanced Integral Equation Model) models. In this study, the LSEs over whole China of year 2006 are estimated. (2) This thesis also presents an improved algorithm to retrieve LSE from SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) data onboardthe MSG-2 satellite. Finally, this improved algorithm is applied to several MSG-2/SEVIRI datasets over a study area withinthe Iberian Peninsula region. It is demonstrated with some detailed cases that these improvements on the original LSE/land surface temperature (LST) retrieval methods are effective and reasonable.


The foundation period of a pharmacists development is pivotal. It allows the individual to transition from undergraduate/pre-registration student to independent registered practitioner. They need to apply the skills, knowledge and behaviours they have learnt into their day to day practice. To achieve this they will utilise work-based learning principles to reflect, learn and improve as a pharmacist.


Firstly,FEM (Finite Element Method) is used to analyze forward problem and compute real potential and imaginary potential at different manifold distribution.Secondly,study the effect of the number of sensors,the angle and electrode thickness.Thirdly,the optimized parameters of EMT are gotten by neural network method.The parameters of sensor design are optimized by using neural network method.It can be found that the effect of potential is mainly affected by medium distribution,especially the imaginary potential distribution.The different number of sensors affects the measurement largely and the potential is affected by different angle and electrode thickness to some extent.


A simplified reaction mechanism is developed for the prediction of NO(x) in hydrocarbon combustion. The mechanism uses fewer reacting species and reaction steps than the detailed mechanisms available in the literature and therefore takes less computer time when used in CFD calculations. The mechanism has been used to calculate NO(x) emissions in the combustion of propane. With slight modifications, the same mechanism can be used to calculate NO(x) in the combustion of other hydrocarbons. Results obtained with the simplified reaction are compared with experimental results and results obtained with a detailed kinetic mechanism.


The percentage of seedlings emerging during the first 4 days after sowing and the mesocotyl length after 7 days in sand at 25C was strongly influenced by the orientation of the seed in the seedbed. Maize seeds emerged faster when oriented vertically with the pedicel end facing down (VD) or horizontally with the embryal side facing up (HU). The mesocotyl portion of the seedling was shorter (11mm) when sown at HU and VD, providing a fast and easy emergence to the seedling. It was much longer (20mm) when the seed was oriented horizontally with the embryal side facing down (HD) and vertically with the pedicel end facing up (VU). We concluded that the length of the mesocotyl portion of the seedling varies with the orientation of the seed in the substrate at the same depth.


The "use"character preposition structure has already been done meticulous depicting and have been studied by the scholars,but in the modern times Chinese "use" character preposition frame has not been taken seriously till now;many scholars put more sight in "being around,…upper/ middle/under","from …arrive at".Such frame research already gets certain result,but by now,"use" character frame has not been mentioned and made more meticulous depiction.This article brings "using" character structure into "with character frame";on the basis,studying "using" character structure of predecessor suggests that the frame studies "with the character" further.


Although fungus being part of the commensal skin micro-structuring, various pathogenic commensals colonizes on human skin leading to superficial fungal infections.  Owing to the resistance of present therapeutic treatments available, microbial resistance and serious hypoallergic reactions have been a concern to explore the phyto-therapeutic nutrients for treatment of fungal infections. One such plant essential oil-based formulation is thyme oil derived from the leaves of thymus vulgaris. The aim of present work i.e. development of thyme oil based microemulsion for treatment of fungal infections due to candida and trichophyton species. The thyme oil loaded microemulsion based gel was constructed using D-optimal design and the optimized final formulation contains 0.82% of oil, 9.22% of Smix and 89.95% of water. The optimized microemulsions was pale yellow to amber transparent microemulsion with globule size of 14.23 ± 0.3 nm, zeta potential of -0.69 mV and PDI value 0.00143 indicating a stable microemulsion. The microemulsion based gel formed had a pH of 6.03, appreciable viscosity and rheological properties. The drug release of formulation was 100.0 ± 0.22%. The % of drug permeated in skin layers was found to be 15.53 ± 0.22%. While % drug retention on the skin surface was found to be 26.32 ± 0.26% and within skin layers was found to be 58.47 ± 0.22%.  The microemulsion based MBG was found to be safe on the dermis and efficacious then the marketed product and hence, promises its utilization as a safe and efficacious formulation for treatment of dermal infections.


SHEVAWN LYNAM, Humanity Dick. A biography of Richard Martin, M.P. 17541834, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975, 8vo, pp. xvii, 300, illus., £5.95. Martin came of an ancient Irish family in Galway that possessed large estates and much prestige. He excelled in debate, for example in the struggle of the Irish Catholics for civil rights, he was an intrepid duellist, an excellent actor, and an astute lawyer who fought for the abolition of the death penalty for forgery. He was a benevolent landlord and so acquired his nickname but in particular he was concerned for the welfare of animals, and his famous reply, "Sir, an ox cannot hold a pistol", epitomizes his defence of them. During his lifetime the common attitude towards domesticated animals was as it had always been: because they were below man in the hierarchical chain of being, and having no soul or perception they were treated with the neglect and cruelty such creatures deserved. Martin, however, stood out as one who wished to change this attitude, and much of the change that eventually took place resulted from his endeavours. He personally punished all those who ill-treated their beasts, taking the law into his own hands and so earning a good deal of opposition and ridicule. Nevertheless, in 1822 he was successful in steering through Parliament the first bill the prime intention of which was the protection of animals from maltreatment. Out of Martin's efforts and this act grew the Society for the Protection and Care of Animals founded in 1824. This book is the first biography of Martin. Unfortunately it is defective in many ways and although based on extensive records, no references are given in the text. The historian of medicine and biology will, however, be interested in it as it depicts the changing attitudes of man to his fellow creatures, stemming to some extent from the humanitarianism of the eighteenth century. The subject is also of importance for other related reasons: the overwhelming problem of so-called "vivisection", which is still with us, and the plea of the vegetarian who is opposed to breeding food-producing animals.


Denitrification performance is an important indicator of the denitrification process in wastewater treatment. A lateral experiment was carried out on the campus wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) by using a SBR process equipped with a hydrocyclone. The results showed that the hydrocyclone in the SBR process was able to break activated sludge (AS) flocs into smaller flocs because of the rotation and revolution. At the same time, organic carbon sources such as polysaccharides and proteins were released, which supplemented the carbon source of the biochemical pool and improved the denitrification performance. After hydrocyclone treatment, the denitrification performance of sludge flocs increased by more than 50%, and the denitrification rate increased by 20.39%. Under continuous operating conditions, the average denitrification performance increased by 6.43%.


A novel aeroelastic reduced order model is developed for two-dimensional gust interaction modeling in transonic flows. Such conditions exhibit a key nonlinearity: sonic shock motion. The proposed a...


Abstract This paper endorses recent pleas for an 'institutional turn' within economic geography. In particular, it reveals and connects the coherence and distinctiveness of dissenting institutional economics as a way of thinking for economic geography. Economic geographers have recognized this tradition but its continuity and compass is not fully appreciated. To provide such an appreciation, this paper argues that the paradigmatic distinctiveness of dissenting institutionalism rests especially on its recognition that real world economies are embedded, have histories or evolve, and are different. The discussion is based around these three cornerstone principles of embeddedness, evolution and difference. For the future, greater attention to the region as an institution, albeit a complex one, along with greater attention to the synthesis of multi‐dimensional processes that are normally analyzes as separate conceptual categories, is encouraged.


When the "talkie" sounded the death knell for what film historians like to call "the Golden Age of Silent Cinema," no one could foresee that it was ringing in a new "Golden Age." The expressive cinematic qualities epitomized by F. W. Murnau's Sunrise (1927) seemed incompatible with the primitive sound equipment. The awkwardness of the static camera setups of the earliest talking pictures was exacerbated by stagy acting that resulted, in part, from the studios' belief that talking pictures required theatrically trained voices. As the novelty of talking pictures wore off, attendance slumped. With the economy falling off a cliff, the expensive conversion to sound threatened to bankrupt Hollywood.

Keywords:

screwball;
romantic comedy;
remarriage comedy;
production code;
1930s


Summary Relationships between slaughter weight, side weight, linear carcass measurements, carcass joints, carcass composition, and prediction equations for carcass composition have been established for Sudan Desert lambs. Of the carcass linear measurements, chest depth had the highest coefficient of correlation with slaughter weight (r = 0·62) and side weight (r = 0·64) followed by the circumference of the buttocks with correlation coefficients of 0·49 and 0·63 respectively. Correlation coefficients between percentage tissue in the side and percentage tissue in the different joints showed that percentage lean in middle neck and shoulder, leg and best end, in this order were strongly associated with percentage lean in side (P < 0·001). Percentage bone in middle neck and shoulder, leg and loin was positively associated with percentage bone in the side. Fat in leg and best end neck gave a significant correlation (P < 0·001) with percentage fat in the side. Trivariate regression equations for prediction of carcass composition were calculated for both sexes in the two breed types and the best end neck joint was found to be the best practical predictor with R2a (adjusted coefficient of determination) of 0·81–0·98 for lean prediction and 0·70–0·92 for fat prediction.


Chemical thermodynamics is of pivotal importance in chemistry, physics, the geosciences, the biosciences and chemical engineering. It is a highly formalised scientific discipline of enormous generality, providing a mathematical framework of equations (and a few inequalities) which yield exact relations between macroscopically observable thermodynamic equilibrium properties and restrict the course of any natural process. This review focuses on internal energy and enthalpy of nonelectrolyte liquids, vapours and gases, either pure or mixed (chemically non-reacting). After presenting the basic postulates, i.e., the first and the second law, the fundamental property relations in the internal energy representation and in the equivalent entropy representation are given. Alternative primary functions, such as enthalpy, Gibbs energy and Massieu function are introduced via Legendre transformations, together with the corresponding alternative forms of the fundamental property relations. Maxwell relations and practically important equations for constant-composition fluids are considered, the focus being on the temperature dependence and the pressure dependence of the internal energy and enthalpy, and relations involving heat capacities as well as the thermodynamic sound speed follow. The concepts of property changes of mixing and of excess properties for liquid multicomponent mixtures are introduced, and a few selected empirical correlations describing the composition dependence of excess molar properties, such as a generalised Kohler equation, are presented.


The boom of the Internet of Things has revolutionized people's lives, but it has also resulted in massive resource consumption and environmental pollution. Recently, Green IoT (GIoT) has become a worldwide consensus to address this issue. In this paper, we propose EEWScatter, an energy-efficient WiFi backscatter communication system to pursue the goal of GIoT. Unlike previous backscatter systems that solely focus on tags, our approach offers a comprehensive system-wide view on energy conservation. Specifically, we reuse ambient signals as carriers and utilize an ultra-low-power and battery-free design for tag nodes by backscatter. Further, we design a new CRC-based algorithm that enables the demodulation of both ambient and tag data by only a single receiver while using ambient carriers. Such a design eliminates system reliance on redundant transceivers with high power consumption. Results demonstrate that EEWScatter achieves the lowest overall system power consumption and saves at least half of the energy. What's more, the power consumption of our tag is only 1/1000 of that of active radio. We believe that EEWScatter is a critical step towards a sustainable future.


Vibration experienced in the afterbody of ships is often the cause of annoyance to the crew members, operational problems for the machinery and fatigue in the structures. To obtain a low vibration level, both the excitation forces and the the dynamic response are of importance. A relatively simple analytical procedure for prediction of dynamic response of the hull and particularly the superstructure is presented. The procedure is based on the finite element method. Application of the procedure is illustrated by few numerical examples. These examples show how it is possible to avoid unfavorable resonant points, changing the dynamic stiffness by selecting a proper propeller blade frequency. The accuracy of the procedure has been checked by a correlation analysis with measurements. /Author/


Tribolium confusum duVal, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most serious pests in stored grain and related products. T. confusum was reared on a diet of wheat flour. The colonies were maintained in a growth chamber (Witeg, Germany, Model: GC-450) at 25±1oC, 45-50% r.h. Only adults were used for the experiments. The aerial parts of Carum carvi L. plants were collected from the Mosorin village, Vojvodina region (N 45o 18' 21.5'' E 20o 10' 53.9'', 90 m above sea level) on the 15 May 2015. The bioassays were carried out using groups of ten adult insects of T. confusum.The experiment was set in four replicates and control. The 50µl of known concentrations (6,32µl/l, 5,17µl/l, 4,02µl/l, 2,87µl/l, 2,3µl/l) of C.carvi was applied on filter papers. Mortality was determined 24h, 48h and 72h after the treatment.The highest concentrations 6,32 µl/l and 5,17 µl/l led to death more than 50% of insect population, after 48h and 72h. Also, lower concentartion showed strong insecticidal effect, where the mortality rate was 52,5% after 48h at the concentration of 4,02 µl/l and 47,5% at the concentration of 2,87µl/l.


This article presents the design and building prototype equipment which is used for maintenance the delivery grippers of sheet fed offset press. The prototype equipment consists of two knob-shirts left and right handles. Its function is to hold the bearing housing with dowel which has been designed. The chuck holds tight to one side of it and another side is able to move by long hole on the based plate. Because of this design, the prototype equipment can adjust the distance caught according to the length of the shaft. All parts of the prototype equipment are created by SCM440 grade steel. Geometric tolerances of the prototype consist of perpendicularity, flatness and straightness which not exceed 0.30 mm. From this experiment, it was found that the prototype can use for balancing delivery gripper after it is assembled. The average time for assembling the delivery gripper by 1 set is 20.75 minutes. The standard deviation of the average time is 3.18. The evaluation value from expert technicians is 4.37 which is in very good criterion. The standard deviation of the expert technicians evaluation value is 0.45


Eight abattoirs were surveyed to identify the causes of rejection of carcasses prepared for the Japanese grassfed and grainfed markets. Forty-two per cent of grassfed, and 8% of grainfed carcasses were unacceptable for 1 or more reasons. The principal causes for rejection were inappropriate carcass weight (18% grassfed, 6% grainfed), inappropriate fat cover (7%, 1%), unacceptable subcutaneous fat colour (4%, 0%), bruising (11%, 1%), poor butt shape (7%, 0%) and dressing damage (3%, 0%). Rejection levels varied among genotypes, seasons and nutrition classes. There were, however, significant interactions among these factors. Grainfed carcasses had significantly lighter muscle colour and subcutaneous fat colour than did the grassfed carcasses. There was little difference in marbling scores.


This article outlines the distinctive contribution of Marxism to science studies. It traces the trajectory of Marxist ideas through the decades from the origins of Marxism to the present conjuncture. It looks at certain key episodes, such as the arrival of a Soviet delegation at the International History of Science Congress in London in 1931, as well as subsequent interactions between Marxists and exponents of other positions at later international congresses. It focuses on the impact of several generations of Marxists who have engaged with science in diverse ways. It examines the influence of Marxism on contemporary trends in science studies. It concludes that Marxism survives in circuitous and complex ways. It argues not only for a positive interpretation of its contribution in the past but for its explanatory and ethical power in the present and future.


Small-signal model impedances of grid-tied converters have recently attracted researchers' attention and have shown great importance in stability analysis. This article proposes an impedance model in <italic>d-q</italic> frame for static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), including dynamics from synchronization, current, voltage loops, and QV droop and reveals the significant features compared to other types of grid-tied converters that: 1) impedance matrix strongly coupled in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel due to nearly zero power factor; 2) different behaviors of impedances at low frequency due to inversed direction of reactive power; and 3) coupled small-signal propagation paths on the voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) from synchronization and ac voltage regulation. All these characteristics render difficulty in identifying instability patterns using existing knowledge and pinpointing the main contributor to instability among control loops, which was discussed and solved in this article. To better understand the frequency coupling effects of STATCOMs, the <italic>d-q</italic> frame impedance model was further transformed in its complex matrix form. An example of possible instability with STATCOMs was presented and analyzed using the proposed model. The impedance model was verified experimentally with a scaled-down STATCOM prototype.


A two-wavelength emission laser has been fabricated using semiconductor quantum dots as the gain medium. A beat signal of ~100 GHz was observed using Michelson interferometer configuration, indicating that these emissions occurred simultaneously.


One of the most common causes of hearing loss is adhesive otitis media. In modern ENT practice there is a large variety of treatments for this disease.Along with conservative methods used by a variety of surgical procedures, the possibility of using the proteolytic enzymes and, in particular, Longidaza not only suppresses hyperplasia of the connective tissue, and inhibits the inflammation which is a frequent cause of hyperplasia.


This work considers that it is important to debate the question of federalism from the point of view of Political Geography and Geopolitics. The article's main goal is to analyse the territorialization processes conducted by the governments of each federal unit (the Brazilian states) in order to legitimize their capacity of autonomous action within the federation. From this standpoint, the key question turns out to be 'How do the governments of the federal units handle their autonomy to elaborate and execute investment strategies within their territories?' The paper focuses on the state of Bahia, which will be analysed in relation to two terms, 2003-2006 and 2007-2010, during which two clearly distinct territorial development plans were elaborated and put in place, respectively.


ABSTRACT Secondary and tertiary structures in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of plus-strand RNA viruses have been postulated to function as control elements in RNA replication, transcription, and translation. Here we describe a 54-nucleotide (nt) hairpin-type pseudoknot within the 288-nt 3′ UTR of the bovine coronavirus genome and show by mutational analysis of both stems that the pseudoknotted structure is required for the replication of a defective interfering RNA genome. The pseudoknot is phylogenetically conserved among coronaviruses both in location and in shape but only partially in nucleotide sequence, and evolutionary covariation of bases to maintain G · U pairings indicates that it functions in the plus strand. RNase probing of synthetic transcripts provided additional evidence of its tertiary structure and also identified the possible existence of two conformational states. These results indicate that the 3′ UTR pseudoknot is involved in coronavirus RNA replication and lead us to postulate that it functions as a regulatory control element.


The present study investigates the propensity of Fuller's Earth, a diatomaceous earth that is cheap and abundant in several locations whose application is yet to be fully ventured, and Fuller's Earth-Immobilized Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in removing heavy metal contaminants, particularly Pb2+ and Cu2+ , from aqueous solutions through adsorption method. FE-nZVI were synthesized through the borohydride reduction method and subsequently characterized through SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The SEM analysis shows an increase in the agglomeration of the nZVI on the immobilized Fullers' Earth with an increase in the loading of Fe0. Tests were conducted on various samples in order to determine the effect of three parameters on the efficiency of the adsorbent which includes the initial concentration of the heavy metal, adsorbent dosage and pH with respect to time. The results show that the FE-nZVI can be used as a new adsorbent for the sole application of heavy metal remediation in aqueous systems due to its efficiency in removing the contaminants that would allow individuals to conform to the stringent requirements dictated by environmental laws.


We report a normally-off GaN-based monolithic bidirectional switch for the first time. The switch consists of a double-gate AlGaN/GaN gate injection transistor (GIT) which serves normally-off operation with high drain current utilizing the hole injection from the p-type gate. The fabricated bidirectional switch exhibits high breakdown voltage of 650 V for both polarities and low on-state resistance (Ron .A) of 3.1 mΩcm2 . The GaN-based bidirectional switch can be applied to AC-AC matrix converters with high efficiency.


The secret to successful economic convergence lies in broad-based cooperation between the public and private sectors. The tax system is a priority area, since on the one hand it generates the revenues for the functioning of the state, while on the other hand it regulates the basic conditions of the private economy. In this regard, the tax reform implemented in Hungary after 2010 was a milestone, as it not only changed the tax structure in a growth-friendly manner, but also served to simplify the tax system and reduce tax evasion. The reform of the tax administration was launched in a second round in 2016, with the aim of establishing a cooperative, client-oriented tax authority which encourages taxpayers to adhere to the rules through modern means and appropriate incentives. This study provides an overview of the stages and results of the transformation of the tax system as well as the tax administration to date. By citing successful international examples, we offer suggestions and draw attention to the possibilities of further reform.


This paper set up single object optimal math model on the basis of researchs in cutting theory.According to these single object optimal math models set up comprehensive multi object math model.Using complex shape method,in restricted region searched best cutting parameter which meet object function's request.


Nancy Berns is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Drake University. Her teaching and research interests are in areas of grief, death, violence, justice, and social construction. She is the auth...


The ultramafic endemic shrub Neoroepera buxifolia Muell.Arg. & F.Muell (Picrodendraceae) has high habitat specificity and is mostly restricted to the perennial and ephemeral creeks and drainage lines of the central Queensland ultramafic landscape. It has an association with high magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the soil and the present study seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between populations of N. buxifolia and the soil extractable Mg and/or Mg : calcium (Ca) quotients in the soil. This was achieved by measuring the standing volume, height and seedling counts of N. buxifolia against the soil elements and other plot characteristics. Whereas correlations were found between increased height of N. buxifolia and the Mg : Ca quotients, soil extractable nickel (Ni) had the greatest influence. The standing volume of N. buxifolia also increased with soil extractable Ni. The standing volume of N. buxifolia was greatest in the upper tributaries of the first-order ephemeral creeks and presence of permanent water of the perennial creeks did not influence the standing volume or height of N. buxfolia.


Super-resolution microscopes (such as STED) illuminate samples with a tiny spot, and achieve very high resolution. But structures smaller than the spot cannot be resolved in this way. Therefore, we propose a technique to solve this problem. It is termed "Deconvolution after Dense Scan (DDS)". First, a preprocessing stage is introduced to eliminate the optical uncertainty of the peripheral areas around the sample's ROI (Region of Interest). Then, the ROI is scanned densely together with its peripheral areas. Finally, the high resolution image is recovered by deconvolution. The proposed technique does not need to modify the apparatus much, and is mainly performed by algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the technique can further improve the resolution of super-resolution microscopes.


cathodes upon oxidation of electrolyte during electrochemicalcycling was investigated. Information on the important factors for film formation on the cathode can facilitatethe design of additives that improve the properties of the cathode. Pyrazole is added to the electrolyte becauseit is readily oxidized to form a surface film on the cathode. The results of differential scanning calorimetry andFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the active material played a dominant role in theinterfacial film formation with the electrolyte. Carbon black played a negligible role in the surface filmformation. Key Words : Li-ion battery, Li(Ni


Solutions to EYM systems in five space–time dimensions possessing no gravity decoupling limits, feature a peculiar critical behavior which is absent in their six-, seven- and eight-dimensional counterparts which do possess flat space limits. This critical behavior in five dimensions persists even when a scalar matter field is added, rendering the model nontrivial in the gravity decoupling limit. To this end, both regular and black hole spherically symmetric solutions to the higher curvature EYM–Grassmannian sigma model in d=5 space–time dimensions are constructed. A study of the solutions to the Grassmannian model in flat space is also carried out.


The objective of this work was to investigate the lift and drag characteristics of a NACA 0015 airfoil with a backward facing step. For a free stream velocity of 30m/s, the point of separation was determined via CFD analysis for an increasing angle of attack. A backward facing step was then introduced just prior to the point of separation which extended till the trailing edge. Computational studies were conducted with the goal of enhancing the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil by inserting several backward facing steps of gradually increasing depth. The CFD analysis was conducted for 30 m/s wind speed, with steps placed just prior to the point of separation for 18° angle of attack. The results produced show that as much as a 26% reduction in drag is possible by introducing the step. But at the same time, about 12% reduction in the lift was also observed. A wind tunnel test on a NACA 0015 was also conducted to verify the results from CFD analysis. Predominantly the goal of this thesis was to numerically determine whether or not the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil can be enhanced by introducing a backward facing step on the upper surface of the airfoil.


This paper reviews the effect of genetic variations on periodontal diseases. With increased understanding and discovery of new avenues to study the functional interrelationships between gene products with each other. It is becoming increasingly evident that many human diseases are influenced by heritable alterations in the structure or function of genes. A small number of outstanding achievements in the field of medical and molecular genetics during the last few decades have a quite remarkable impact not only on clinical genetics, but also on other areas of medicine including dentistry. Thousands of inherited human disorders have been catalogued to date, but the underlying genetic causes of less than 20 percent of those disorders have been discovered. The complex multifactorial etiologies of these conditions, together with methodological problems, have limited progress until recently. Present studies are clarifying previously unrecognized genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities and attempting to study the complex interactions between genes and environment by applying new statistical modeling approaches to twin and family data. In the present review we discuss some of the potential applications of human molecular genetics for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. This discussion is presented in the context of the ongoing technological advances and conceptual changes that are occurring in the field of medical genetics. To realize the promise of this new molecular genetics, we must be prepared to foresee the possibilities and to incorporate these newly emergent technologies into the evolving discipline of dentistry.


LUCIER, GREGORY W. Evaluation of MMFX Steel for Concrete Bridge Decks. (Under the direction of Dr. Sami Rizkalla.) Commercially available Micro-Composite, Multi-Structural, Formable (MMFX) steel reinforcing bars are a proprietary product claiming to provide both high tensile strength and excellent corrosion-resistance when compared to conventional Grade 60 steel. Use of MMFX steel reinforcement could potentially lead to significant cost savings due to these unique characteristics. Recently, many state transportation departments, including the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), have begun to use MMFX steel as a direct replacement for conventional steel in reinforced concrete bridge decks. However, the behavior of bridge decks reinforced with MMFX steel bars was previously undocumented. In light of this fact, a research program was commissioned by the NCDOT in which three concrete bridge decks, each having a span-to-depth ratio of 12.5, were constructed and tested to failure under simulated truck wheel loads. Two of the decks were constructed with identical reinforcement ratios, one utilizing conventional Grade 60 steel and the other MMFX steel. The third bridge deck was also reinforced with MMFX steel, but was reinforced with 33 percent less steel in an attempt to utilize the higher tensile strength offered by MMFX. The results of the experimental program demonstrate that taking advantage of lowered reinforcement ratios by utilizing the higher strength of MMFX steel is a definite possibility in reinforced concrete bridge decks. The bridge deck reinforced with 33 percent less MMFX steel developed the same load-carrying capacity as the deck reinforced with conventional Grade 60 steel. In addition, the same deck showed the same deflections at service load as the deck reinforced with Grade 60 steel. Dr. Sami Rizkalla (Chair)


From small spin-offs deploying innovative software to big pharmaceutical complexes making vaccines, Research and Development (R&D) Project Portfolio Selection (PPS) is an essential strategic process for various companies. It was never easy to select a set of projects among many feasible possibilities, even for yesterday's paces. However, the world is rapidly changing, and so is R&D PPS. The portfolio objectives excel profit in the same manner that model constraints go beyond budget limitations. In parallel, project selection approaches and solving algorithms followed the increase of computational power. Despite all those changes, the importance of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods and the decision criteria used for R&D PPS, there is still room for a systematic literature review (SLR) for the topic. Thus, this paper offers an SLR of the existing literature from the half-century, 1970, and onward MCDM-based R&D PPS performed in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. We provide a comprehensive picture of this field, show how it is changing, and highlight standard practices and research opportunities in the area. We perform a broad classification of the MCDM methods, categorized by the nature of alternatives, types of integration approach, the MCDM method itself, and types of uncertainty, by the 66 studies in the SLR database. The portfolios' classification obeys the application domain and the number of projects. We have also explored all the 263 criteria found in the literature by grouping them according to experts from five Brazilian R&D organizations that together manage portfolios valued around US$ 5 billion a year, accounting for 38% of all Brazilian annual expenditure in R&D projects. We also include a bibliometric analysis of the considered papers and research opportunities highlighted or not explored by researchers. Given the increasing number of decision-making approaches and new technologies available, we hope to provide guidance on the topic and promote knowledge production and growth concerning the usage of MCDM methods and decision criteria in R&D PPS.


Means for moving a work platform (2) of a machine tool relative to the frame of the processing machine, comprising a parallel kinematics (PKM1) and a frame-side supporting kinematics (PKM2) and a working platform side support kinematics (PKM3), wherein the parallel kinematics (PKM1) n variable-length struts (5), with n> 1, and the working platform (2) on the parallel kinematics (PKM1) is supported, and at least one variable length strut (5) is mounted with a working platform side joint (4) on the work platform side support kinematics (PKM3) and a frame-side joint (7) on the frame side support kinematics (PKM2) of the parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM1), and is the working platform-side joint (4) having a drive means (3) connected to the work platform to move the work platform-side joint (4) (2) and the frame side pivot (7) is connected to a drive means to the frame side joint (7 to move) to the frame of the processing machine (for changing a configuration of the parallel kinematic PKM1).


Abstract This article studies the political conflict surrounding the implementation of the European Union's Services Directive in Greece between 2010 and 2018, the period in which the country was subject to external conditionality by external institutions. Focusing on the opening of jurisdictional boundaries for four professions (tourist guides, taxi owners, lawyers and engineers) that differ in terms of power and of organisational structure, we find that power differences, including control of the professions' institutions of interest aggregation and representation, explain the liberalisation outcomes across the four professions. This article thus puts the spotlight on the role of domestic interest groups in the implementation of EU legislation and directs researchers' attention to the broader issue of bias in interest intermediation, a classic, but lately understudied, issue in the study of politics.


Consider a two-dimensional domain containing a medium with unit electrical conductivity and one or more non-conducting objects. The problem considered here is that of identifying shape and position of the objects on the sole basis of measurements on the external boundary of the domain. An iterative technique is presented in which a sequence of solutions of the direct problem is generated by a boundary element method on the basis of assumed positions and shapes of the objects. The key new aspect of the approach is that the boundary of each object is represented in terms of Fourier coefficients rather than a point-wise discretization. These Fourier coefficients generate the fundamental ''shapes'' mentioned in the title in terms of which the object shape is decomposed. The iterative procedure consists in the successive updating of the Fourier coefficients at every step by means of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. It is shown that the Fourier decomposition-which, essentially, amounts to a form of image compression-enables the algorithm to image the embedded objects with unprecedented accuracy and clarity. In a separate paper, the method has also been extended to three dimensions with equally good results.


Effect of the fertilizer on chemical properties of ground water was investigated from March to November in a farm land of West of Fukuoka City. The variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in ground waters with time was greatly different by the surface conditions of the land: paddy field or vegetable field. In the case of the former, the DO and NO3-N concentrations decreased gradually from May and showed a minimum at the end of August. While, in the case of the latter, the concentrations were highly constant. Despite that the large amount of phosphate was manured, its concentration in ground waters was low.


This article examines ideological bias in six large daily newspapers and The Associated Press. The media examined are three to six times more likely to associate ideological labels (or frames) with organizations (think tanks) with a conservative orientation than think tanks having a liberal orientation. This tends to frame the analyses done by conservative think tanks as less objective than the analysis done by liberal think tanks. Regression results suggest that approximately three-fourths of the explained differential in framing rates is due to media bias. The rest is primarily explained by the differential in the "quality" of think tanks.


Checkpoint blockade therapies that aim to reactivate antitumor immune responses have revolutionized cancer treatment, resulting in durable responses in a significant proportion of patients with advanced tumor progression. Nevertheless, many patients fail to reach long-term clinical benefit due to lack of response or acquired resistance. Inconsistency in therapy outcomes may be explained in part by recent findings suggesting that immune cell infiltrates in tumors are highly heterogeneous among patients. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of the diverse functional states exhibited by immune cell infiltrates is critical for the development of more effective immunotherapies. Here, we characterized immune cell infiltrates within tumors derived from 28 metastatic melanoma patients by single-cell RNA-seq of ~100,000 immune cells, and parallel T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, thereby generating an unbiased map of the expression signatures of immune cells, as well as clonality of T-cells within and between metastases. We identified within the tumor infiltrates naive, semi- and fully-activated effector, dysfunctional, and regulatory T-cells, as well as NK cells, and various myeloid subsets. While various immune cell types and cellular states are shared among patients, their frequency in each is highly heterogeneous even among similar tumor progression stages and treatment background. We noticed that clonally expanded T-cells predominantly adapted similar expression profiles. The frequencies of certain sub-populations were found to be correlated; notably, dysfunctional CD8 T-cell states were associated with prevalence of regulatory T-cells and follicular helper cells. The high-resolution map demonstrated gradient transitions between activation and dysfunctional states of CD8 T-cells, as well as variability within regulatory T-cell states. We used computational modeling to find the key transcription factors driving these gradients of expression states. Our analysis also puts forward novel candidate genes, which are highly correlate with known checkpoint targets within specific single-cell clusters, and may prove to be effective targets for checkpoint blockade. In order to validate our results, we performed in vitro reactivity assays (for available samples), which allowed us to determine autologous-tumor reactive and nonreactive TCRs, adding the reactive potential of T-cells as another layer of information to the single-cell expression signatures, facilitating inference of the functionality of clonally expanded T-cell populations in the tumor. Linking autologous tumor reactivity with single-cell expression profiles, we found that T-cells presenting reactive capability in vitro show a highly dysfunctional signature in the original tumor. The lack or presence of such reactive CD8 T-cells was also associated with patient response to immunotherapy (n=10). In conclusion, we present an atlas of immune cell infiltrates of human melanoma, revealing intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity of tumor immune infiltrates, highlighting regulatory circuits underlying different immune populations and their interactions. Our findings demonstrate how single-cell analysis may serve in the future as a tool for predicting response to therapy, provide rapid and effective tumor-immune state characterization, and ultimately lead to optimization of personalized immunotherapy. Citation Format: do Yofe, Hanjie Li, Anne van der Leun, Yaniv Lubling, Dikla Gelbard, Alexander C. J. van Akkooi, Amos Tanay, Ton N.M. Schumacher, Ido Amit. Single-cell analysis illuminates the gradients of immune cell functional states within human melanoma tumors, and facilitates characterization of tumor-reactive T-cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B054.


This description is based on observations made during several months' work during 1938 and 1939, undertaken for the Government of the Somaliland Protectorate in connection with water-supplies in the barren Zeila Plain.


THE INVENTION IS TO RELEASE AND PEARL lustrous THICK DESIGNED TO BE INCORPORATED IN SHAMPOOS, RINSES, WASHING AND SIMILAR. IT INCLUDES FOUR PARTS A, B, C AND D AS FOLLOWING: A15 40 WEIGHT ESTER GLYCOL FATTY ACID; A B0,3 12.5 WEIGHT OF sulfate or pOLYOXYALKYLENE-alkyl sulfate; C3 25 WEIGHT OF A FATTY ACID dialkanolamide; AND A 85 D45 WEIGHT OF WATER. THE MIXTURE COMPONENTS REPORTS B, C AND IS LOCATED IN AN AREA SURROUNDED BY STRAIGHT LINES OBTAINED RELIANT FOUR POINTS DETERMINED ON THE tRIANGULAR SYSTEM DETAILS OF THREE COMPONENTS.


The partial toxicity tests of copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and cyanide (CN-) for young cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fishes 45 days-old were conducted in Doson station during ten days (yr 2005). These three toxic substances affected strongly the growth rate of the Cobia fish (length and weight of the body), even at the lowest treated concentration. The LC50 values of copper, zinc and cyanide were 0.32 mg l-1; over mg l-1 and 0,049 mg l-1, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of growth rate of cobia by determining 1C25, IC50, NOEC and LOEC values, we have addressed the safe concentrations of these two heavy metals and cyanide in the environmental aquaculture which must be lower than 0.025 mg Cu l-1, 0.5 mg Zn l-1 and 0.005 mg CN l-1, respectively. The result also showed that cyanide was the most toxic to Cobia, followed by copper and zinc.


Abstract Vanadium oxide is a type of thermochromic material. At a certain temperature it undergoes a phase transition, The phase transition temperature of VO2 is about 68°C.Using the magnetron sputtering method, vanadium oxide thin films were prepared on glass substrates. Heat treatment was carried out. The film was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. The result shows that the main constituents of the film are VO2 and V2O3. A beam of CO2 laser was directed to the film. A laser power meter was used to measure the specular reflection power from the film. The test results showed that the temperature of the film and its base rose fast when the laser irradiated on it and a semiconductor-metal phase transition occurred in the film. As a result, the film's reflectivity grew high. The specular reflectivity of 10.6 μm laser from the film rose 76.4% after the phase transition.


N-Methylidene[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amine acts as a stable
methanimine synthon [CH
 2
NH] equivalent in [2 + 2]
cycloadditions to ketenes, generated from acid chlorides and
triethylamine, to provide 4-unsubstituted β-lactams in a single
step.


*Correspondence to: Kana Yamamoto, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Yamamoto K, Ozaki A, Senoo Y, et al. Underperformance of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in Japan and potential implications from diamond princess cruise ship and other countries during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2020;9(11):498– 500. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.109 Received: 11 May 2020; Accepted: 21 June 2020; ePublished: 28 June 2020


Fire has long been a natural and anthropogenic force shaping southern forests and their fauna. Some species are attracted to recent burns. There is little direct mortality of adult birds by fire, but growing season fires may consume some nests. Fire affects bird communities mainly through effects on vegetation. Fires effective enough to limit understory hardwood development would reduce habitat suitability for associated birds, but would promote species associated with grass-forb vegetation. In the long term, fire would disfavor species associated with deciduous foliage and favor species associated with pine canopies.


Road accidents are the most common cause of death and severe injuries today. Approximately 1.25 million people died worldwide from road accidents last year, and around 1.5 lakh people died in India [13]. The reason for many of these accidents is driver fatigue. In this paper, we have proposed a drowsiness detection system using different deep-learning algorithms. We used specific computer vision techniques to extract the facial features and later analyzed them to detect drowsiness precisely. We have compared the output of all two deep learning algorithms, i.e., CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), based on the metrics values, including accuracy, sensitivity, roc curve, F1 score, and specificity. The most efficient model in our research was MLP, with an accuracy of 86%. The suggested automated drowsiness detection system appears to be a promising and efficient solution to promote driving safety. The proposed model highlights the power of deep learning methods to tackle practical issues in detecting drowsiness in drivers.


GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SENGON (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) REVEALED USING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) MARKERS. Knowledge on genetic diversity and relationship between population is important for genetic conservation and breeding program. This paper describes the use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers for genetic diversity and relationship of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes). Twelve single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers which were analyzed from Candiroto Seed Orchard samples showed that the genetic diversity of the total population is relatively high (He=0.359±0.128). Sengon from Wamena in Papua achieved the highest level of genetic diversity, while sengon from Java region was the least genetic diversity. The genetic relationship analysis showed three main clusters i.e. the first cluster consisted of Wamena and East Java, each close to Biak, and the Makian Island; the second cluster consisted of Central Java and West Java which are close to Mindanao Island; the third cluster consisted of Halmahera only. These genetic relationship information can be used to support breeding program and population genetic of sengon. For example in the collection of seed for the development of the next sengon seed orchard, it is important to minimize collecting genetic material from Java Island because the populations have low genetic diversity and there was close genetic relationship with sengon from Papua and Mindanao Island. Meanwhile, collecting genetic material for sengon from Biak and Wamena in Papua and Halmahera in Maluku could be directly and separately collected because of its high genetic diversity and cluster differences.


Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play central roles in energy and lipid metabolism. They have a unique structure: a core of neutral lipids, composed of tryacylglyceride (TAG) and sterol esters (SEs), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. LDs are also decorated with proteins that mediate important metabolic functions and inter‐organelle communications. However, the mechanisms protein targeting to LDs are not well understood and still under investigation. It is understood that proteins with a membrane‐embedded, hydrophobic hairpin motif can access LDs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) either during LD formation or through ER‐LD membrane bridges. Another proposed mechanism is that proteins are able to access and bind to LD surface from cytosol through amphipathic helices, hydrophobic domains, lipid modifications, and protein‐protein interactions. Our protein of interest is Eht1 an acyl‐coenzyme A: ethanol O‐acyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data shows that Eht1 localizes to the ER and subsequently to LDs; however, it lacks hydrophobic hairpin motifs, has no clear transmembrane domains, and there is no evidence of amphipathic terminal helices or other known LD targeting domains. The aim of this work is to understand the trafficking mechanisms of Eht1 from ER to LDs in S. cerevisiae. Structure and function analysis suggests that both N‐ and C‐termini are crucial for its membrane association. In addition, fluorescence microscopy analysis suggests that the ER translocon may be related to the translocation process of Eht1. Furthermore, to understand how Eht1 interactions with other proteins contribute to the trafficking, we conducted a series of immunoprecipitation experiments and identified associated proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). We are currently exploring the genetic interactions between the MS‐identified proteins and Eht1 through the generation of knockout library using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.


Many scientists and science administrators say they are disturbed by the fact that Congress "protected" funding for some National Science Foundation (NSF) programs in the fiscal year (FY) 1987 budget at a cost to other NSF programs. Especially disturbing to some was the notion that the earmarking reportedly occurred as a result of special interest lobbying efforts by their fellow scientists. The favored programs, and those that were cut back to compensate for them, were mostly related to geophysics. The protection of these programs is likely to have some impact on the size and number of grants awarded in some other areas.


Never before have social media platforms been more powerful in engaging customers in their daily life with the user-generated contents shared by like-minded consumers. However, there have been very few scholarly attempts to identify the impact of social media engagement on customer attitude and behaviour toward the brand. Accordingly, drawing on social information processing theory, the principal focus of this study is to develop the propositions regarding the influence of social media engagement on customer perception toward the brand, and, subsequently, on the intention of purchasing the brand product/services. Further, the study argues the mediating effect of the adoption of electronic Word-of-Mouth on engaged users in driving their brand perception when they utilise the shared information on social media to shape their perception about the brand competence and warmth in deliver its brand promise. In addition, the research also examines the moderating roles of online savviness and social media credibility.


A rarefaction-modified Reynolds equation was derived to solve dynamic problems of a thin liquid lubricant film coated on a sliding surface. Applying the perturbation method, a calculation procedure based on FEM was formulated to obtain the stiffnesses and damping coefficients of gas lubricating films over a permeable liquid lubricant. Calculations were performed for a specified flying head slider. First, the effects of the permeability and porosity correction coefficients, which serve to increase the molecular mean free path, were presented focusing on landing on/off characteristics. Next, the effects of those on the stiffnesses and damping coefficients were demonstrated using the frequency domain. The results showed that the permeability and porosity correction coefficient increasingly had an influence on the landing on/off characteristics more in the higher velocity region, and that the permeability was effective in increasing the damping of lubricating films.


Background Situs inversus totalis is a rare condition that is occasionally associated with congenital heart defects. A few sporadic cases have been reported in the past. Objectives The authors present a case of tetralogy of Fallot repair in a child with situs inversus totalis. Imaging studies conclusively proved mirror-image reversal of abdominal and thoracic organs. Conclusion The intracardiac repair was only possible when the operating surgeon changed to the opposite (left side) of the operating table. The mirror-image reversal of cardiac structures may require a shift in the position of the operating surgeon to the opposite (left) side of the table to visualize intracardiac defects properly.


Abstract In modern production, embroidered elements perform not only traditional functions of decorativeness, informativeness, but are also used in such areas as medical diagnostics and rehabilitation (e.g. embroidered sensors), implant production, smart home interior elements, smart clothing or electronic textile production. The aim of the work is to investigate and evaluate the influence of different washing cycles performed during operation on the functionality of an electric-embroidered element. It was found that after the first washing, the electrical resistance of the embroidered elements decreased compared to the unwashed specimens. After seven washings, the electrical resistance increased. In all cases, the obtained strong linear dependence between the electrical resistance and the operating cycles indicates that, with a larger number of washing cycles, the electrical conductivity of the embroidered elements decreases. The results showed that the conductivity of the closed embroidered chain of embroidered 14 mm contour width elements was obtained from ∼ 34% to ∼ 61% higher than the conductivity of 6 mm contour width elements.


Soft robotics has shown a lot of great promise in recent years. However, most of the soft muscles/actuators used today often rely on designs developed in the 1950s and requires the use of different materials to achieve actuation. In this thesis the generative design paradigm was used to design such soft inflatable actuators, using a single thickness, and a single material. This thesis, in particular, focuses on optimizing the surface shape of such actuators, in order to make them contract as much as possible when inflated. A variety of different search spaces were explored, first by using a basic sine function. An optimal amplitude was found, and further results in these experiments indicated that several actuators in series were beneficial for contraction. Evolutionary algorithms were also used to find an optimal number, and magnitude of b-spline control points, to design a soft actuator for optimal contraction. In the simulation, an optimal shape was found, with a fitness exceeding that of the sine-function based actuators. Then these optimal actuators were tested, with external forces applied to both sides, simulating stretch. It was found that the area between the individual vertices in the mesh greatly impacted the stretch of each actuator and that this test not necessarily gave a good indication of the strength. However, by visual inspection some useful conjecture could be derived, in that, the more uniform shapes seemed to stretch less than the more complex shapes.


Background: Ocular diseases vary in different parts of the world and are influenced by racial, geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. The common ocular diseases worldwide are cataract, glaucoma, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, uveitis, refractive errors, pterygium. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Rumuokwuta community in Rivers state. Socio-demographic and clinical presentation information was obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Distant visual acuity was assessed at 6 m with the Snellen's chart while near vision assessment was at 33 cm with a Sussex vision R near vision chart. External eye examination was with pen touch while fundoscopy was with direct Ophthalmoscope. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v20. Using descriptive statistics, categorical variables were presented in the form of frequencies and percentages (%) and summary statistics in means and standard deviations (SD). Using inferential Original Research Article Chinawa et al.; AJMAH, 18(8): 14-20, 2020; Article no.AJMAH.58864 15 statistics, the Chi-Square (X2) test of significance was used to associate categorical variables and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 114 subjects were examined.The mean age was 41.41± 15.49 years. The male to female ratio was 2:3. About 70.5% and 76.2% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had normal vision better than 6/18, while 27.1% and 21.9% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had a low vision (VA between 6/18 and 6/60). About 2.6% in either eye were blind. The three most common ocular conditions were Glaucoma (13.95%), Refractive error (13.02%) and Presbyopia (12.56%). Conclusion: The commonest cause of Ocular morbidity in this study are glaucoma, refractive error and presbyopia. The age distribution of a study area was a significantly associated factor in the frequency of visual impairment and blindness.


This study develops the scalar wave equations of auxiliary vector potentials for time harmonic electric and magnetic fields on transverse electric, transverse magnetic and transverse electromagnetic modes in an biaxial anisotropic medium. The concise scalar wave equations are achieved in both rectangular and cylindrical coordinates. Moreover, in an biaxial medium, it is identified that the decoupled TE, TM, and TEM modes can only exist under certain conditions for various modes respectively which clarify the suspect about the existence of these modes that was reported previously.


This article looks at the consequences of migration in terms of child education and child labor using a unique rural panel dataset for El Salvador. Results suggest gender differences in the consequences of migration on child activities that remain in El Salvador. While female migration tends to reduce child labor, both in domestic and non-domestic activities, male migration seems to stimulate it, in particular in terms of domestic labor. In contrast, while male migration has null or slightly positive impact in terms of school enrollment rates, female migration apparently reduces the likelihood that a particular child stays at school. Some of these results differ according to the gender of the child. The results do not seem to be driven by female migrants remitting more than males, but rather to alternative competing explanations, such as the existence of child-adult male labor substitu- tion, differences in the use of remittances by gender of the recipient person, or limited ability to monitor funds when remitted by female migrants.


Until now, fragile documentation has made the feat of capturing the veracity of tap's rich history a task best articulated through the feet themselves. Constance Valis Hill's new book, Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History, captures these feet through written expression of the highest order. Hill looks at tap from new angles, exploring the way that racial and gender conflict shaped the form. As a researcher she studies the invaluable contributions of forgotten black and female performers. At the same time, her immersion in the physicality of tap and her love of rhythm—both of which she manages to convey palpably with words—makes this anything but a dry academic exercise. The meticulous overview of tap's historic and geographic roots with which the book opens explains why racial tensions were present from the very first. Most dancers know of tap's Irish and African footprints. The earliest ethnographies assert that tap dancing began as a jig. The Irish jig and clog dances were primarily auditory, displaying movement from the knee down. This contrasted with turn-of-the-century, full-bodied "Buck dance," which allowed rhythms to pass through the entire body. Americans' first encounters with tap was as jigging, a nonverbal kind of interaction largely motivated by competition. Jigging was a contest, a game, with status and reputation being the ultimate prizes. Tap has essentially grown out of the constant sharing, stealing, and trading of steps within this competitive framework. Within America the jig became associated with the black men who performed it. Americans began to conflate the "lowly Irish jig" with a "Negro style of dancing" (p. 1). From this equation of


To improve the extraction ability of image features, reduce the complexity of model parameters, and enhance the reconstruction effect of image super-resolution (SR), a structured fusion attention network (SFAN) is proposed. Firstly, the deep convolution method is used to extract shallow features from low-resolution images, and different residual attention modules are considered to improve the structured residual of the encoder to extract more image features. Secondly, the features output by the encoder are refined, and the spatial attention module and the channel attention module are reorganized according to an improved fusion attention method to provide better input features for PixelShuffle, thus achieving the effect of reconstructing the decoder. Finally, through adding low-frequency inputs and network predictions, the input image is directly interpolated into the target, thereby accelerating the convergence of the network's high-frequency residual and improving the image reconstruction effect. Under the condition of reconstruction magnification of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, SFAN is compared with some of the most advanced SR networks in the public data sets of Set5, Set14, BSD100, Urban100 and Manga 109. The experimental results show that SFAN has the best PSNR and SSIM values with low model parameters, thus proving that SFAN can achieve a good balance between the performance of SR and the complexity of parameters.


Hodges, Melvin L. The Indigenous Church. Springfield, Mo.: Gospel Pub lishing House, 1953. --. A Theology of the Church and Its Mission. Springfield, Mo.: Gospel Publishing House, 1977. McClung, Lloyd Grant, Jr. "Readings in the Church Growth Dynamics of the Missionary Expansion of the Pentecostal Movement." Th.M. thesis, Fuller Theological Seminary School of World Mission, 1984. McGee, Gary Blair. "'This Gospel ... Shall Be Preached': A History 29. McGee, "This Gospel," pp. 262--64. 30. Morris O. Williams, "Philosophy of Missions," Springfield, Mo., 1984. (Mimeographed.) 31. Debbie Lazaro, "Highlights of the AGAMA Conference," AGAMA News and Notes, January-March 1982, p. 2.


T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL) is a cytotoxic lymphocyte disorder with distinctive clinicopathological features. While patients typically experience an indolent clinical course, nearly two thirds of patients present with or develop moderate to severe cytopenia(s). In T-LGL, need for treatment is predicated on the presence of cytopenias.[1] Morphologically, T-LGL cells are essentially indistinguishable from normal or reactive large granular lymphocytes, and a dramatic absolute increase in granular lymphocytes is not present in all cases. For this reason, the diagnosis of T-LGL is typically based on the presence of two or more of the following: (1) A distinct T-cell population with co-expression of NKcell associated antigens; (2) Clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement; or (3) Sinusoidal cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates within bone marrow, spleen, or liver. However, each of these criteria has its limitations. Tissue biopsy is a costly and invasive procedure which is not feasible for every patient. Clonal TCR gene rearrangement is neither sensitive nor specific for T-LGL.[2–4] Expression of NKcell-associated antigens and loss of pan T-cell markers can be encountered in reactive conditions.[5] Additionally, restricted expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which can be used as phenotypic evidence of clonality is present in less than half of T-LGL cases.[6] Therefore, additional parameters are required to distinguish T-LGL from reactive processes. In this study, the percentage and absolute number of peripheral blood NK-cells in T-LGL was assessed and compared to both normal and cases of reactive T-cell expansion. The aims were to determine if the outgrowth of clonal T-LGL cells altered the normal NK-cell compartment and if so, if this could be used to identify T-LGL and to predict cytopenia. All peripheral blood flow cytometric immunophenotyping studies that included KIR assessment performed on patients seen at the Mayo Clinic between 2010 and 2014 were reviewed along with their electronic medical records and pathology reports. This group included a total of 61 T-LGL and 23 reactive cases. In addition, 44 normal controls were studied for comparison. Diagnosis of T-LGL was rendered if a case fulfilled at least two out of three previously mentioned major criteria. All 23 ''reactive'' peripheral blood specimens had KIR flow panel performed due to an unexplained lymphocytosis without a B-cell clone, and/or increased CD3/CD16 double positive lymphocytes. The 44 normal cases showed completely normal flow cytometric analyses (with or without KIR performed) and a normal white blood cell count without lymphocytosis. The detailed clinical and pathologic features for T-LGL and reactive cases are listed in Table I. The NK-cell percentage was determined by gating CD3-negative CD16-positive cells [Fig. 1A]. The absolute NK-cell number was calculated by multiplying the NK-cell percentage by the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). NK-cell counts were significantly decreased in T-LGL both by percentage and by absolute number. Of the 61 T-LGL cases, 51 (83.6%) had a decreased NK-cell percentage (55% of all lymphocytes). In comparison, only one reactive case (1/23) and one normal case (1/44) had a decreased NK-cell percentage. The mean NK-cell percentage was 2.4% in T-LGL cases (1.5–3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]), 16.4% in reactive cases (10.4–22.4%, 95%CI) and 18.5% in


A new dam culvert diversion of reservoir was built by directional drilling,but only few months later the culvert collapsed.Through on-site investigation and theoretical calculations,it finds out the causes of the accident.And then this paper deeply explores the key technology of directional drilling method from the aspects of construction process,pipe selection and project management.Finally,the corresponding recommendations are put forward and it demonstrates that the directional drilling method is technically feasible.At the same time,the remedial measures of culvert diversion are proposed.


The article discusses the accuracy of the form and content of Latin legal terms. Law is a field where linguistic means of expression are of utmost importance. This discipline operates directly through language. The material analysed comprises the terms collected from the law review Juridica (published since 1993). The time period looked at in the given research has been a decisive era in the development of Estonian law: it is characterised by turning back to the Western legal environment which largely depends on the Latin language. The legal reform in Estonia has been accompanied by changes in the usage of terms by Estonian lawyers. The integration of Estonian legal language into European legal culture is reflected by a relatively high increase in the usage of terms in Latin. At the same time, there occur several problems when Latin terms are employed.


This study measured the acidity changes law of goat milk which is stored in different temperature conditions for ten hours.The results showed that when the storing temperature betweens 4 ℃ and 20 ℃,the milk acidity only slight rise.When the storing temperature betweeten24℃ and 36℃,in first five hours the acidity did not change,but five hours later the acidity of goat milk obvious rise and the higher the temperature was,the faster the acidity increased,and the maximum acidity was 70 °T.At 40℃ storage conditions,after four hours the acidity of goat milk had a sharp rise and up to a maximum of 70 °T.As is show in the study,when the temperature below 20 ℃,milk can be stored for 10 hours and its acidity is not more than 22 °T,which was still processed into qualified milk products.When the temperature betweens 24 ℃ and 36 ℃,five hours later the acidity is more than 22 °T.When the temperature is above 36 ℃,four hours later the acidity is more than 22 °T and not qualified processed into milk products.


In the perspective of Chinese character culture,the language aesthetical awareness of ancient Chinese people was analyzed through interpretations of some words in Explanation and Study of Principles of Composition of Characters(Shuowenjiezi) that are related to language aesthetic from the enrichment of language contents,ethics of language indoctrination and deliberation of language use.It is found that the language aesthetical awareness of ancient Chinese people is intimately related to moral indoctrination and traditional rhetoric.Furthermore,it is authentic,humane and harmonious.


The structural and morphological evolution of GaN films grown by MOCVD at high temperature (1080°C) on a low temperature grown GaN nucleation layer (NL) on (0001) sapphire were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The high temperature (HT) GaN layers were found to grow by initially forming isolated truncated hexagonal islands having {10*BAR*1*BAR*1} facet planes and a top (0001) plane. The non-wetting or partial wetting behavior of the HT GaN on the GaN NL is attributed to both the roughness and predominantly cubic nature of the NL.


The issues related to the degradation of agrophysical parameters of soils are considered. The studies were carried out on gray forest soils of the northern forest-steppe. The assessment of the degree of degradation of the water resistance of the macrostructure of soils during their agricultural use has been carried out. The relationship between the bulk density and the lowest moisture capacity, inter-aggregate cohesion and the filtration coefficient of gray forest soil has been established. Soil losses during thawed runoff were estimated.


In a recent work [23] it has been proved that any n-dimensional analytic semi-Riemannian manifold M can be embedded globally and isometrically into an Einstein manifold E of dimension n + d, d ≧ 1 (Λ ∈ R). The possible topologies of such an E have been studied, calculating πm(E) and Hm(E ; G) & both proved to split in every dimension. In this sequel we continue proving that given any (analytic) spacetime manifold M, there exists an Einstein embedding manifold EΣ, admitting unsmoothable differential-topological singularities (0-D points or extended (d− k)-D spatial "anomalies") living into EΣ rM, presenting also a direct sum Homology splitting for EΣ with 1-point singularity. Certain consequences on MD Relativity and Brane Cosmology are briefly discussed, where these pathological anomalies of the bulk are expounded as wormhole passages allowing distant spacetime travels.


This paper points to the significance of such economic category as «amortization». In addition, this paper proposes the new approaches to forming and using a depreciation fund, based on the assertion that amortization is the process of capital accumulation carried out by means of allocation to the spacial fund, according to an established order.


This thesis aims to achieve a fundamental understanding of catalysis and surface reaction chemistry by assembling structurally uniform supported metal clusters from organometallic precursors. In the course of this study rhodium dicarbonyl acetylacetonate (Rh(CO)2(acac)) and hexarhodiumhexadecylcarbonyl (Rh6(CO)16) were chosen as representative mononuclear and multinuclear organometallic species, respectively.

First, the adsorption of Rh(CO)2(acac) on Al2O3/Ni3Al(111), and rutile TiO2(110) surfaces and the subsequent formation of Rh deposits has been examined using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that the organometallic molecule bind preferentially to specific sites associated with the surface structure. DFT calculations suggest that the parent molecule, however, must be at least partially deligated as its interaction with the Al2O3/Ni3Al(111), rutile TiO2(110) substrates is very weak.

In addition, Rh6(CO)16 was deposited on TiO2(110) single crystal by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Rh6(CO)16 powder at 323 K and by surface synthesis of supported Rh(CO)2(acac) on TiO2(110) substrate at 373K with the presence of CO at 10-7 mbar. It was shown that the first method resulted in aggregated clusters with a wide size distribution range, while the second method resulted in intact, site isolated, and smaller Rh6(CO)16 particles with a narrow size distribution. Moreover, annealing the deposited clusters to 573K confirmed the high stability of assembled particles prepared by second method. This study demonstrates that synthesizing intact, site isolated Rh6(CO)16 clusters via Rh(CO)2(acac) is a key factor in preparing intact, site isolated Rh6 particles.

Finally, Graphene sheets were prepared by means of thermal dissociation of ethylene (C2H4). The graphene preparation method used in this study resulted in large sheets which fully covered Cu(111) surface. Subsequently, Rh nanoclusters were prepared on the substrate by employing Rh(CO)2(acac) as a precursor. The STM obtained after Rh deposition confirmed that moire pattern on graphene/Cu(111) is the preferential nucleation site.


The influence of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and NaCl on a Catharanthus roseus suspension cell culture with high production of ajmalicine was investigated. Suspension cell cultures were treated with 100 mM NaCl or 100 μM MeJA or both for 3 d before harvesting, and measurements were then performed. NaCl treatment increased both the cell membrane permeability and ajmalicine accumulation. MeJA treatment promoted ajmalicine accumulation and maintained membrane permeability of cells under salt stress. However, a cumulative effect of both factors on the accumulation of ajmalicine was not found. Our results suggest that the higher ajmalicine accumulation in the medium after treatment with NaCl was associated with the cell membrane permeability.


The fluctuation states of stock market draw much attention of researchers and practitioners.This paper constructs a multi-agent evolutionary model of stock market.A nonlinear dynamical system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) is abstracted to depict the core dynamical mechanisms of market evolvement.Analysis on the ODEs by both analytical technologies and numerical experiments show that with different settings of parameters,such as dispositions of agent imitation learning,price chasing,and trade strategy alternation,the market model appears four kinds of states: fundamental equilibrium,non-fundamental equilibrium,period and chaos.


In this article, a decentralized adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control is presented for a class of nonlinear connected systems. It is assumed that the system is also confronted by unknown disturbances, while the interconnections between subsystems are assumed unknown. An integral terminal sliding surface for each subsystem is locally considered to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system, and to increase the convergence speed during a tracking task. The unknown interconnections between subsystems are estimated using adaptive rules. An appropriate Lyapunov candidate is chosen to perform global stability analysis. In this regard, design parameters are chosen such that the closed‐loop stability is ensured. Performance of the proposed method for a mechanical connected system, including two chaotic subsystems, is shown through simulations.


Changes in technology, availability of video casts and the general increase of information and knowledge value result in the advent of educational technology. As the first step toward validation of the effectiveness of e-learning in engineering education, a research on a group of students was carried out. The open-source and free software educational platform Moodle was used to conduct a selected course in the form of blended e-learning. The course was prepared and presented to the students during one semester time period. The effects of learning were verified through knowledge tests and their results were collected for analysis. Students in the test group achieved results equal or even better than other groups, validating the effectiveness of e-learning in engineering education. During the experiment also other positive aspects of e-learning were noted: students appreciated freedom of time and place where they learn and for the teacher high effort connected with course preparation could be rewarded by multiple use of the developed course at a later time.


It is demonstrated that sex chromatin appears in cells of pre-implantation blastocysts of the domestic rabbit over a period from approximately 96 to 120 hours after mating of the parent animals. We ar


1. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction were studied in ten patients with essential hypertension, during placebo, and after 1 week, 3, 6 and 9 months of hydrochlorothiazide. Plasma renin concentration and urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid were also measured. 2. Mean arterial pressure was lowered significantly during hydrochlorothiazide, the long-term effect being slightly more pronounced than the short-term effect. 3. The decrease in renal blood flow during the first week (P 4. Plasma renin concentration and urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid increased significantly during the first week of hydrochlorothiazide. Subsequently, vanillylmandelic acid fell to below pretreatment amounts (P 5. Long-term treatment of essential hypertension with hydrochlorothiazide has a favourable effect on abnormal renal haemodynamics. Besides the influence of blood pressure reduction per se, humoral and neural factors may be involved.


This paper presents a sequential rooftop modelling method to refine initial rooftop models derived from airborne LiDAR data by integrating it with linear cues retrieved from single imagery. A cue integration between two datasets is facilitated by creating new topological features connecting between the initial model and image lines, with which new model hypotheses (variances to the initial model) are produced. We adopt Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle for competing the model candidates and selecting the optimal model by considering the balanced trade-off between the model closeness and the model complexity. Our preliminary results, combined with the Vaihingen data provided by ISPRS WGIII/4 demonstrate the image-driven modelling cues can compensate the limitations posed by LiDAR data in rooftop modelling.


Abstract : Even though there has been a fair amount of work done in the incorporation of active behavior into database systems, little research has addressed the conceptual, DBMS-independent representation of the active behavioral aspects of the applications. This report presents the work done in the introduction of active aspects of information systems at the conceptual schema level. ER is described, which is an extension of the ER model to express active database behavior in the form of events and rules. Also described is a language to accommodate the concepts of events and rules in the ER schema. A methodology is proposed for the design of active databases based on the ER model, as an extension for traditional database design methodology. With the extension, the data model mapping step includes the translation of active database behavior specified in the conceptual schema into triggers or event alerters written in the DBMSs DDL/DML. Finally, the implementation of a graphical tool is described, which can do the mapping from the ER model to the logical schema of the target database.


On behalf of myself and the administration of the University of Utah and the College of Social and Behavioral Science, "Welcome, welcome! Thanks for coming and being with us. We hope you will stay and enjoy learning with us." As the only institution in the state classified in the highest research category (R1), at the University of Utah you will have access to state-of-the-art research facilities and be able to be part of the knowledge creation process. You will have the opportunity to do research of your own with faculty who are leading experts in their field, engaging in programs that match your research interests. Further, you will interact with and often take classes with graduate students that provide an advanced understanding of the knowledge in your field.


This paper describes some ongoing research to characterize and understand the large-scale (on the order of several thousand kilometers) geoelectric potentials that can be induced within the Earth by fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. An understanding of these induced potentials can be important for carrying out some geophysical investigations, as well as for solving numerous engineering problems related to the design and deployment of long, conducting installations on the Earth's surface. Such installations include the systems used to power long-distance cables, electrical power distribution networks, and pipeline corrosion-control systems. The magnitude of the induced potentials fluctuates significantly in time and in spatial extent. It reflects both the highly variable nature of the Earth's space plasma environment that produces the geomagnetic fluctuations and the heterogeneous nature of the geological structure of the Earth's surface and upper mantle. Present-day models of Earth's magnetic fluctuations are insufficient to predict the geopotentials reliably, particularly the extreme geopotentials that might be experienced on a specific long route. Thus, such geopotential measurements as those described in this paper on AT&T cables in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans can contribute important knowledge of the Earth's geophysical environment, as well as new geopotential information for engineering design.


Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using eight different CO[sub 2] + organic modifier mixtures and one ternary mixture (CO[sub 2] + methanol/toluene) at two different concentrations (1 and 10% v/v) was performed on two certified reference materials including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from river sediment and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban air particulate matter. The modifier identity was more important than modifier concentration for increasing extraction efficiencies. Acidic/basic modifiers including methanol, acetic acid, and aniline greatly enhanced the extraction of PCBs. Low molecular weight PAHs were best extracted with modifiers including aniline, acetic acid, acetonitrile, methanol/toluene, hexane, and diethylamine. In contrast, modifiers capable of dipole-induced dipole interactions and [pi]-[pi] interactions such as toluene, diethylamine, and methylene chloride were the best modifiers to use for SFE of high molecular weight PAHs from air particulates. 37 refs., 6 tabs.


International trade conflict has been increased since WTO has appeared. Like this, the cause that the number of international trade conflict has been increased is by means of enlargement of agreements range. But some new facts have been added. They are Anti-dumping, subsidy, Countervailing duty, Safeguard, the norm of intellectual property right, the procedure of permitting importing products, Technical Barriers, agricultural products, and the area of textile. Since Japanese government has decided to give lavor import quarters to China without permission of Korea, Korean government formally presented the system of lavor import quarter to WTO DSB due to WTO agreement disobedience of Japan. Accordingly, this paper has the following purpose; to analyze situation on fiber dispute of Japan. Some methods about trade barrier against Japan need to be solved from another viewpoint owing to lavor IQ dispute.


Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Tag ElEzz , Dakahlia governorate (30° 59\\ N latitude, E 31° 58\\ longitude) ,ARC, Egypt during the two growing summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 as sake of studying the possibility of partially substituting for the amount of inorganic NPK fertilizers required for maize plants using compost and/or vermicompost and their effects on growth, yield and nutrients uptake of maize plants (Single cross 10 variety) under the alluvial soil conditions. Experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replicates. However, main plots were affected for four rates of inorganic NPK fertilizers i.e.; without, 50%, 75% and 100% of the recommended dose (RD)) whereas, four organic fertilizers namely without, compost (C); (5 ton fed-1), vermicompost (VC); (0.5 ton fed-1) as well as half compost and half vermicompost (mix)) were randomly distributed in the sub plots. Results showed that: 1Application of inorganic NPK fertilizers at 100% RD recorded the highest values of growth parameters, yield and nutrients uptake by maize grains in the two investigated seasons 2Using organic fertilizers i.e. compost and /or vermicompost caused a significant effect on all growth parameters, yield and nutrients uptake. In this respect, V.C. attained the superiority impacts followed by mix and lately C compared with control (without adding NPK fertilizers). 3The addition of inorganic NPK fertilizers at 100% RD and organic V.C. had positive impacts on maize growth parameters, yield and nutrients uptake better than the application of inorganic NPK fertilizers at 100% RD singly under the two investigated seasons. 4Dual application of inorganic NPK fertilizers at 100% RD and organic C treatment application achieved the highest values of available NPK in the soil post harvesting. 5Economically using inorganic NPK fertilizers at 75%RD and C recorded the highest net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR). So, it could be a good alternative to other treatments, save 25% of inorganic NPK fertilizers and viable option for enhancing crop yield and farmers income.


1 The effect of pretreatment with either saline or the monoamine oxidase‐A inhibitors clorgyline and amiflamine upon the total activity, locomotion and rearing behaviour of the rat induced by various doses of the monoamine precursor L‐tryptophan was studied by use of automated activity boxes. 2 Amiflamine (2.5 and 5.0 mg kg−1, i.p.) increased in a dose‐dependent manner total activity and to a lesser extent, locomotion when given 60 min before L‐tryptophan (100 mg kg−1, i.p.). The increased activity was seen after amiflamine plus either 25 or 75 mg kg−1 L‐tryptophan. Rearing behaviour was not affected. 3 Analysis of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and its deaminated metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection indicated that in both frontal cortex and hypothalamus, amiflamine (at both doses) increased 5‐HT and reduced 5‐HIAA concentrations. Combination of amiflamine with L‐tryptophan (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) resulted in a higher 5‐HT concentration being found than after amiflamine alone. L‐Tryptophan treatment alone did not change 5‐HT concentrations but increased 5‐HIAA concentrations. 4 Clorgyline, at a dose of either 1 or 5 mg kg−1 i.p. plus L‐tryptophan (25 or 100 mg kg−1, i.p.) did not increase total activity, locomotion or behaviour. 5 A number of possible explanations for the differences in the behavioural effects of clorgyline and amiflamine when given with L‐tryptophan are discussed. It is concluded that in addition to monoamine oxidase‐A inhibition, other pharmacological effects of the drugs, such as 5‐HT release (amiflamine) and inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylation (clorgyline) may be of importance in determining the magnitude of the increase in activity when the compounds are given together with L‐tryptophan.


In this paper, I discuss verb movement in the Labeling Algorithm-based derivational system (Chomsky 2013, 2014). I point out that in this system, movement operations that do not produce a new semantic effect, including verb movement, freely occur in syntax, contra Chomsky (2001). I argue that since valuation (or Agree, Chomsky 2001) between the tense feature and a verbal head does not require any movement or any morphological support, verb movement, in the unmarked case, does not occur. Languages including, e.g. English, do not have verb movement and have a relatively poor inflectional system. Languages including, e.g. French and V2 languages, have verb movement either to T or to C and a relatively rich inflectional system. I suggest that the tense feature of the former languages is strong, whereas the latter languages have a weak tense feature and need verb movement and much morphological support to strengthen it. That is, the facts on verb movement are interpreted in the way opposite to the traditional claim represented by Chomsky (1995). 1 1. Verb Movement in the Phase-Cartographic Framework


The present work was conducted to study the biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extracted from the skin of underutilized puffer fish Lagocephalus inermis. The extracted GAGs showed potent antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracted GAGs were also evaluated using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines for its biocompatibility. The result suggested that the polysaccharide extracted from the non-edible fish skin was converted to a economically valuable product which will fulfill the emerging needs for the bioactive metabolites in various pharmaceutical applications and also prevents the overexploitation of other endangered species. Index Terms Antimicrobial activity, Fish skin, Glycosaminoglycans, Puffer fish.


The note offers a general discussion of the use of complex, technology-based problems and a description of such a problem that is useful in a number of classes in which optimization is a goal, but modelling is essential. The problem demands the use of technology and permits a number of attacks. The problem is essentially to describe (mathematically) the region surrounding a shopping mall neighbourhood after a high-speed highway is put in place near the mall. The note shows how students, working in groups, attack the problem and the issues which surround their solution strategies. This problem and other problems like it have been used successfully for a number of years in courses, devoting several class periods, spread out over 2–3 weeks, coupled with activities outside of class for student development of a solution strategy. These types of problems serve to develop visualization skills, verbalization of mathematical concepts, and implementation of problem-solving notions in mathematics including optimization, curve fitting, integration, and symmetry.


Students being unable to be part of 21st-century learning is due to the lack of multimodal literacy in teachers (pre-service teachers). The researcher was motivated to research investigating pre-service teachers' perception and readiness to digital multimodal literacy at Lakidende University. This study aims to gain data and information about the perception and readiness of English teachers in 21 st multimodal literacy in this era of new types of communication. This study employed a survey method through online survey research among pre-service teachers at Lakidende University. The findings describe the demographic teacher with multimodal literacy which related to the teacher have a positive attitude in using a digital media tools, that indicated that they ready to use digital such as social media, communication tools, and tool online presentation and also offers a new perspective for teachers with the term multimodality in teaching English. It could conclude that teachers may know and use technology in the classroom, but they do not vaguely understand multimodal literacy. The implications of this research give direction and a new perspective in using multimodal literacy for English classrooms. It suggests that it could be better supported by the university environment, stakeholders, and government in developing the quality of English teachers' professional development.


An ion beam propagating through a plasma cylinder drives electrostatic ion acoustic waves to instability via Cerenkov interaction. The growth rate of the ion acoustic wave instability increases with the beam density and scales as the one-third power of the beam density. The real frequency of the unstable wave increases as almost the square root of the beam energy. However, the growth rate of the instability decreases with the plasma density.