the single-site promoters – real promotion mechanism in catalytic reaction, open up a new path to optimize catalyst performance. On one the single-site promoters can maximize the catalytic interfaces between the promoter and the catalyst; on the other hand, the specific coordination between the single-site promoters and the catalyst can generate unique electronic properties, thereby promoting the catalytic reaction.


[Objective] To analyze the curative effect of rotating-platform knee prothesis for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(OA). [Methods]Since March 2007 to August 2008,A total of 37 patients(48 knees) were selected because of the disesse of severe OA.All the patients received the TKA using rotating-platform knee prothesis from Johnson Johnson company of America.The clinical results of preoperation and postoperation were evaluated by the HSS knee rating score system and we compared the range of motion and monitored the complications. [Results]Only 32 patients(42 knees) were followed up for 10 months to 48 months(mean 22.6 months).All incisions healed at one-stage and no dislocation occured.One infection and one deep vein thrombosis were founded and were cured by taking some relative treatment.The mean preoperative HSS of 43.27(range,37~46) improved to 87.22(range,73~96) postopertively.The result of T chest was P﹤0.01.The range of knee joint movement were 112°~128°afte operation,higer than in preoperative time(40°~90°). [Conclusion]The short-term results of rotating-platform knee prothesis for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis are satisfactory.It is an effective method for the treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis.


Isocyanate and amine functionalized polystyrene (PS) were prepared through the solution copolymerization method with the presence of the intermediate substance 3-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzene isocyanate (TMI). The samples with different copolymer composition of functional group were prepared with a range of molecular weights by free radical polymerization, the functional group such as isocyanate, acid amine, and amine group were introduced by appreciate reaction conditions. The isocyanate, acid amine, and amine functionalized polystyrene (PS), denoted as P(St-co-TMI), intermediate product P(St-co-TMITBC) and PS-NH2, respectively. The chemical structure of the samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The results indicated that the functional groups successfully formed on the side chain of polystyrene. The molecular weight, its distribution, and copolymer composition of functional group were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography combined with FT-IR. The results showed that the copolymer composition increased with the increasing functional monomer content. Viscoelastic behavior in the melt state was investigated and analyzed with dynamic rheology to determine the influence of the interaction of the polymer chain special groups on the rheological properties.


Even though Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter cultures are still largely used nowadays, the non-Saccharomyces contribution is re-evaluated, showing positive enological characteristics. Among them, Lachancea thermotolerans is one of the key yeast species that are desired for their contribution to wine sensory characteristics. The main goal of this work was to explore the impact of L. thermotolerans commercial yeast strain used in sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae commercial yeast on the main enological parameters and volatile aroma profile of Trnjak, Babić, Blatina, and Frankovka red wines and compare it with wines produced by the use of S. cerevisiae commercial yeast strain. In all sequential fermented wines, lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher, ranging from 0.20 mg/L in Trnjak up to 0.92 mg/L in Frankovka wines, while reducing alcohol levels from 0.1% v/v in Trnjak up to 0.9% v/v in Frankovka wines. Among volatile compounds, a significant increase of ethyl lactate and isobutyl acetate, geraniol, and geranyl acetate was detected in all wines made by use of L. thermotolerans. In Babić wines, the strongest influence of sequential fermentation was connected with higher total terpenes and total ester concentrations, while Trnjak sequentially fermented wines stood up with higher total aldehyde, volatile phenol, and total lactone concentrations. Control wines, regardless of variety, stood up with higher concentrations of total higher alcohols, especially isoamyl alcohol. The present work contributed to a better understanding of the fermentation possibilities of selected non-Saccharomyces strains in the overall red wine quality modeling.


Computer security depends largely on passwords to authenticate the human users from attackers. The most common computer authentication method is to use alphanumerical usernames and passwords. However, there are significant drawbacks in this method. For example, Passwords selected by users are easily guessed by the attacker. On the other hand, passwords which are difficult to guess are difficult to remember. To overcome this problem of low security, Authentication methods are developed by researchers that use images as password. In this research paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the existing graphical password techniques and provide a possible theory of our own. Keywords— Graphical Password, Authentication, cued, recall based, click points


A 56-year old white woman was referred for ophthalmic assessment of acute bilateral painful visual loss over 3 weeks accompanied by malaise and fever.

During the preceding year, she had had intermittent retro-orbital headache, nausea, low-grade fever and lethargy. She had been living with her son who had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis on his return from Central America 18 months earlier. Therefore, after she failed to respond to a course of oral antibiotics for presumed sinusitis, investigations to rule out tuberculous meningitis were performed. A grade 3 response to a Heaf test was noted in the presence of a BCG vaccine scar. However, blood and cerebral spinal fluid cultures were negative and results of the chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging of the head were all normal. Raised C-reactive protein level of 75 mg/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 99 mm/h lead to a suspicion of temporal arteritis. Treatment with oral prednisolone led to resolution of her headache and normalisation of her erythrocyte sedimentation rate. However, steroids were tapered off after a normal temporal artery biopsy. Four months later, she developed a dry cough and headache associated with malaise. A thoracic CT scan showed some minor focal areas of inflammation. Treatment with clarythromycin for presumed atypical pneumonia resulted in a temporary improvement in symptoms.

The only other significant history was of cutaneous melanoma that had been completely excised 8 years previously.

Thoracic CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans now demonstrated a solitary nodule …


Introduction: This abstract describes a detailed examination of the connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN). It is based on high quality resting state fMRI and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) scans from 47 subjects. The connectivity sub-regions of the Posterior Cingulate (PC) to the other regions of the DMN were investigated in order to test the hypothesis that the connectivity of sub-regions within this network is localized in hubs or nodes, in accordance with the small-world properties found for larger scale networks. Data and Methods: rs-fMRI and DWI data were acquired at 3T during one session on a Siemens Magnetom Trio system using a 32 channel head coil The resting state scan used a five echo multi echo EPI with acquisition parameters: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 6.9, 16.2, 25, 35 and 44 ms, flip angle 80°, 39 slices, 3.5 mm isotropic resolution, 1030 volumes, scan time 35 minutes (giving sufficient power to perform analysis at the single subject level), GRAPPA factor 3, 6/8 partial Fourier. The DWI acquisition parameters were: TR = 13000 ms, TE = 101 ms, 70 slices, 2.0 mm isotropic resolution, 256 directions at b = 1500 and 24 directions at b = 0. These data were acquired from 47 healthy subjects. rs-fMRI preprocessing involved realignment, merging of the five echoes, and spatial normalization to MNI space using functions from SPM5 (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, UK). Non-brain regions were removed using the Brain Extraction Tool from FSL (fMRIB's Software Library, http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl). The data were filtered in the temporal domain with a 6 order Butterworth band pass filter. The diffusion data were preprocessed using an in-house toolbox capable of correcting artifacts induced by subject movement and cardiac pulsation. [1] An ICA was performed on a group level to define the DMN, similar to the work by Damoiseaux et al.[2] The data from the first 12 subjects was temporally concatenated, and an ICA was performed using FSL-MELODIC, set to obtain 25 Independent Components (ICs). The memory requirement for this analysis is relatively heavy because of the large number of time points. Only the first 12 subjects were used because of memory limitations on the computer system used. The DMN ended up as a single component, and its regions were used as ROIs for both the resting state and the diffusion data analysis. An second ICA was performed on a single subject level using FSL-MELODIC set to obtain 75 ICs. The ICs containing artifacts, white matter, and regions outside the brain were discarded. The remaining components were used to create a detailed parcellation of the DMN into smaller sub-regions, after the overlap between IC regions was resolved. Small regions of overlap (less than 100 voxels) were removed by sharing the overlapping voxels between neighboring regions. Larger overlaps were designated as separate regions. The resulting regions were used to parcellate the DMN. This parcellated DMN was used for a partial correlation analysis as explained by Salvador et al.[3]. This analysis was used to explore the connectivity within the DMN in more detail. The DMN parcellation and the subsequent partial correlation analysis allow for the examination of detailed and localized connectivity between DMN regions. The connectivity between the DMN regions was examined in a pair-wise fashion. Resulting hotspots indicate the presence of hubs of connectivity within the DMN. This is accomplished by examining the Partial Correlation Coefficients (PCCs) between the sub-regions of a given pair of DMN regions for each subject. For every sub-region, the highest PCC to any sub-region of the other region is obtained. The results of this analysis should indicate the locations within the larger regions that are stronger connected to sub-regions of the other larger region. These PCCs can be averaged over the complete group of subjects, to locate the hubs of connectivity, which were then compared to the DWI fiber tracking results. DWI data was analyzed using FSL and Camino to perform spatial normalization and Q-ball deterministic tractography. Tracts that intersect two DMN ROIs were generated for every subject. The resulting tracts were transformed to MNI space to allow for easy comparison to rs-fMRI results. This was partly based on work by Greicius et al.. [4] Results: The DMN parcellation was successfully performed for every subject. On average, this divided the Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) into 48 and the Posterior Cingulate (PC) into 98 sub-regions. This large number of regions results from the use of the long resting state scan, and the increased power this brings. Figure 1 shows the results from the resting state analysis to the left, and the deterministic tractography results to the right. The resting state analysis found several regions with a higher average PCC, shown in the top half of the left image. The bottom half of the resting state image highlights the regions that are statistically significant, shown in red in the right image. The tracts show a high correspondence to the anterior hotspot in the PC, but not to the posterior hotspot. Figure 2 depicts the results from the right hippocampus, which are very similar to the results from the left hippocampus (not shown). For both the left and right hippocampus, the tractography results closely match the hotspots found with the resting state analysis. Conclusion and Discussion The resting state results show that there do seem to be node regions in the PC that are more important in facilitating the connections between the DMN regions. These results partially coincide with the tractography results of the PC-MFC connection, and greatly coincide with the results of the PC-hippocampus connection. This is in line with the general small-world structure of the brain. In a small-word network, clusters are more strongly interconnected with each other, but only connect through a few central points to other clusters.


To quantify the entanglement is one of the most important topics in quantum entanglement theory. An entanglement measure is built from measures for pure states. Conditions when the entanglement measure is entanglement monotone and convex are presented, as well as the interpretation of smoothed one‐shot entanglement cost. Next, a difference between the measure under the local operation and classical communication and the separability‐preserving operations is presented. Then, the relation between the convex roof extended method and the way here for the entanglement measures built from the geometric entanglement measure for pure states, as well as the concurrence for pure states in two‐qubit systems are considered. It is also shown that the measure is monogamous for 2⊗2⊗d system.


This year (2013) marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of one of the greatest Soviet composers – Tikhon Khrennikov: the winner of three Stalin prizes, and also of Lenin and State prizes; Hero of Socialist Labour, People's Artist of the USSR. Khrennikov was a master of classical music, of the so-called "large forms" – the tradition that has now turned, at best, into a narrow elite club of intellectuals and professional composers, if not dead at all within the West and the so-called "rebuilt" nations of the former Socialist bloc. Yet, he has also succeeded in the popular, the socalled "light", genre, – and also in the genre of music for the movies, including the most famous ones such as "The Shepherd and the Pig Farmer", "Devoted Friends", "Hussar ballad", etc.


Flying on board the C-130 aircraft of the UK Meteorological Office, the MARSS radiometer (Microwave Airborne Radiometer and Scanning System) provides observations at 89 and 157 GHz, to study the gaseous absorption and surface emissivity in these window channels. From three international measurement campaigns, the sea surface microwave signature is analysed. The sensitivity of the sea emissivity models is investigated for various parameters (wave spectrum, dielectric constant...). Emissivity models are compared and confronted to the radiometric observations.<<ETX>>


In this reported work mathematical morphology theory is applied to implement the instantaneous power p − q control strategy of a shunt active power filter. The simulation results indicate that the implemented control strategy is able to completely compensate for the harmonic components in the load current and reactive power required by nonlinear loads in the power system.


The capability of phase morphology of covalent networks on the basis of crystallizable polymer blends to control their multiple shape-memory (SM) behavior was proven, especially for invertible two-way SM effect, which is observed as an anomalous elongation of a sample under constant load during the non-isothermal crystallization. In order to achieve a triple-shape one- and two-way behavior, a set of binary blends with different contents of high-density polyethylene and poly(e-caprolactone) and one 50/50 blend of ethylene–octene copolymer and trans-polyoctenamer cross-linked by peroxide were prepared. The considerable enthalpic effects in temperature ranges of crystallization and melting of both blend components point to possible softening/hardening of discussed blends caused by non-isothermal melting/crystallization at heating/cooling, respectively. The two-way SM behavior was investigated in tensile mode under constant load during cooling and heating sequentially. It is quite obvious that the distinct manifestation of triple-SM behavior is possible only when a continuous phase of blend has lower crystallization/melting temperatures in comparison with dispersed phase. By contrast, if crystallization/melting temperatures of dispersed phase are lower, then its ability to change a shape is suppressed by already solidified continuous phase. Obtained results allow conclude the following: first, the performances of both one- and two-way SME are enhanced with increasing cross-link density and crystallinity of polymer network as well as due to selection of optimal load; second, the key to improve the multiple SM behavior of polymer blends is further optimization of their phase morphology, especially better separation/decoupling of blend phases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Vulnerability scanners are information security tools able to detect security weaknesses on hosts in a network. Secure hosts in a proactive manner. A proactive approach is considered to be better than reactive approaches followed by, for example, intrusion detection systems, because prevention is better than cure. There are many problems and disadvantages of currently available VSs, such as hampering system resources while conducting scans. This paper introduces a conceptual model for vulnerability forecasting. The model uses intelligent techniques to improve on the efficiency of currently available. The model aims to do vulnerability forecasting specifically by predicting the number of known vulnerabilities that will occur in the near future by using intelligent techniques and vulnerability history data. The model is tested by means of a prototype and an evaluation of the model's results is also provided in the paper.


SAXS is employed to study the density and concentration fluctuations near the microphase separation in poly(styrene-b-phenylmethylsiloxane) copolymers. The former were calculated from the measured isothermal compressibility and are continuous throughout the transition. The residual SAXS background intensity due to local concentration fluctuations is a sensitive probe of the order-disorder transition. The same results have been obtained by independent computer simulations of dense diblock copolymer melts


Generalization and systematization of lexical-semantic markers, which transform the text into a co herent and uniform structure, were aimed at in this article. These markers in the artistic text include synonymous and antonymic groups of words, lexical-semantic fields, thematic and associative chains. In their totality, they create more complex and voluminous structures – isotopes that reveal the theme of the work and the artistic design of the writer. Isotopes are built up by the reader according to his outlook, intelligence and sensuality.


Aim. To develop the software for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in women of early reproductive age. Material and Methods. We consecutively recruited 200 women of early reproductive age (18-35 years) with or without polycystic ovary syndrome (100 women per group) and performed standard clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examination. In particular, we evaluated the duration of the menstrual cycle (oligo/ amenorrhea), ovarian reserve, and ultrasound parameters of the uterus and appendages (antiMullerian hormone level, ovarian volume, and antral follicle count). Anti-Mullerian hormone level was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while ovarian volume and antral follicle count were examined on the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle using a transvaginal ultrasound examination. Results . We found statistically significant differences in the indicators of ovarian reserve in women of early reproductive age between the patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Employing a logistic regression analysis, we developed a software for the automated diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Sensitivity and specificity of this software were 70.9% and 75.7%, respectively. The «Clinical, Laboratory, and Ultrasound Diagnostics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (CLOUDPOS)» software was developed and registered by Federal Intellectual Property Service (certificate No. 2019662249, date of registration 09/19/2019). Conclusion. Our software can be recommended as an accessory tool for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.


Ni-based bulk metallic glasses and composites with high absolute densities exceeding 11 g/cm^3 were synthesized via spark plasma sintering of Ni_45Co_10Ta_25Nb_20 powders produced from pulverized, melt-spun amorphous ribbons. Optimizing the synthesis via selection of sintering temperature, uniaxial load pressure, and powder mechanical screening yielded samples with relative densities of nearly 100% and hardness values in excess of 12.5 GPa without cracking. Mechanical testing included Weibull modulus determination for hardness and compression testing at 10^−3 s^−1 and 10^3 s^−1 strain rates. The capability of using spark plasma sintering to fabricate high hardness, high density, large scale metallic glasses is demonstrated. The mechanical properties of these compacted comminuted melt-spun glass ribbons are presented.


This paper presents unique measures in education for engineers at Nippon Koei, an engineering consultant firm. For past four years, Nippon Koei has been seeking to enhance the technical capability of its engineers by supporting professional development and stressing access to personnel and technical information. The new supporting measures include in-house CPD (Continuing Professional Development) programs, training seminars for preparing a personnel Career Vision and Action Plan, support for acquiring professional certification, talented individuals exchange program and career monitoring. A company-wide knowledge and information platform has been established to facilitate information distribution and sharing. As a result of the measures, number and proportion of professional engineer have been on the increase.


Digital education is currently very developed in the field of technology which has learning facilities with educational games so that lessons will be easier to understand and more interesting. while studying the Java programming language is known as learning that teaches the basics of programming languages based on android. while learning at BATAM ADVENT VOCATIONAL SCHOOL uses guidebooks that can be obtained by teachers from the internet using traditional methods making it difficult for students to learn Java, because the teacher only delivers lessons in front of the class and students only listen to the lessons delivered by the teacher. The method used to design educational games for learning the Java programming language based on Android is the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) methods, making games using Unity. The research is educational games for learning the Java programming language based on Android which can be used as learning media at ADVENT BATAM Vocational Schools, to add insight and knowledge to students about Java programming.


Teachers, in particular those who operate in communicatively oriented classrooms, frequently use recasts (i.e. reformulations) when interacting with students. Research has nevertheless shown that, as a corrective feedback strategy, recasts are the least effective, particularly in terms of helping students to recover from grammatical errors. One reason for the lack of efficacy is that recasts are sometimes intended to fulfil a corrective function and sometimes a communicative function. In consequence, the corrective function, when intended, is often obscured and hence ignored. This paper garners insights from the existing research, presenting them in the form of five pedagogic strategies buttressed with authentic classroom examples. The goal of these strategies is to increase the saliency of the corrective function of the recasts so that they become more noticeable, and hence more effective in drawing learners' attention to gaps between their interlanguage and the target grammar.


The computer is one of the most recent invasions of technology into the homestead. Even the phrase "personal computer" is not yet used by all manufacturers. Many of them believe that their own model names need neither augmentation nor replacement with terms such as PERSONAL or DESK TOP computer, even though they are descriptive of the function of the device. A microwave oven on the other hand is called an oven. The attitudinal difference clearly stems from the difference in utilitarian appeal. Personal computers can never be as badly needed as ovens, regardless of the relative market potentials at present.


ED FROM Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, et al. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;4:CD006458. Source of funding None For anyone who has worked in acute paediatrics, whether in a hospital inpatient service, an emergency department or primary care or offi ce-based paediatric setting, any treatment that has a small, positive effect on the outcome of bronchiolitis will have a large impact. The sheer scale of the epidemic each year places strain on services at all levels. This metaanalysis says some promising, but confusing things. An 'ideal' treatment for bronchiolitis, aside from being cheap, safe, acceptable to parents and all the other desirable traits we've come to value, would do the following:


This study begins with the problem of auditor performance on the Big Four Public Accounting Firm and requires an improvement in audit quality due to a decreased audit quality assessment on the Big Four Public Accounting Firm. Problem related to audit quality is also experienced by government internal auditors. This is due to several factors such as the minimum standards set by the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (FDSA) that have not been met by government internal auditors, auditor staff with accounting education backgrounds are still very few, auditors have not applied the Government Internal Oversight Apparatus (GIOE) code of ethics and so forth. The aims of this study to determine the extent of the audit quality produced by the government's internal auditors at the FDSA of Java island Representatives. Through the theory of behaviorism, this study has four objectives is to find out the implementation of professional accounting ethics, auditor competence, integrity, professional commitment on audit quality. Therefore, this study contributes to FDSA of Java Provinces to carry out the functions and duties of government internal auditor based on the GIOE codes and ethics and standards.


It is important to monitor the iced condition for operating wind turbine blades. However, most sensors are difficult to be used in this quite cold and lightweight environment. Although the fiber bragg grating (FBG) is a good candidate for the case. With the change of the temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient and thermo-optical coeffecient of FBG material will affect the accuracy of characteristics of FBG sensor. Aiming at the application of fiber optic sensor in low temperature environment and ultrathin requirement, the low temperature characteristics of FBG sensor with free arc shape package has been studied. The low temperature calibration experiments of two packaged FBG samples are tested from -35°C ~20°C in a constant temperature freezer with alcohol tank. The effects of low temperature characteristics of two FBGs packaged with free straight and arc shape tubes are compared. The results show that arc shape can effectively reduce the repeatability error and improve its accuracy due to providing possible low temperature contracting of the optical fibers. Flat arc shape makes it possible to package ultrathin FBG temperature sensor.


In order to explore the effective factors of hardwood cuttings of Chinese wolfberry. The treatments were designed un- der different soil pH values(7.0,7.5,8.0),different pharmaceutical treatment(100 mg·L-1 NAA,100 mg·L-1 ABT ABT1,clear water) and different cutting specifications [small(diameter 3~3.9mm),medium(diameter 4~4.9mm), coarse (diameter5mm)][1]. The opti- mal combination of factors were determined through the observation of two indicators which were the growths of new roots and shoots The experimental results showed that the most suitable combination of factors for hardwood cuttings of Chinese wolfberry are small cutting specification(diameter 3~3.9mm),clear water treatment and cuttage in soil pH 7.0.


We consider the bin packing problem with d different item sizes si and item multiplicities ai, where all numbers are given in binary encoding. This problem formulation is also known as the one-dimensional cutting stock problem. In this work, we provide an algorithm that, for constant d, solves bin packing in polynomial time. This was an open problem for all d\ge 3. In fact, for constant d our algorithm solves the following problem in polynomial time: Given two d-dimensional polytopes P and Q, find the smallest number of integer points in P whose sum lies in Q. Our approach also applies to high multiplicity scheduling problems in which the number of copies of each job type is given in binary encoding and each type comes with certain parameters such as release dates, processing times, and deadlines. We show that a variety of high multiplicity scheduling problems can be solved in polynomial time if the number of job types is constant.


The present invention is, under the sludge chamber bottom is open, situated sludge filtration belt, sludge is injected into the chamber, pressurizing the tube or membrane the injected onto sludge is provided, the pressure on the sludge Te, or water is filtered through the filtration belt dehydration is discharged, under the filtration belt with support so as not dripping filtration belt pressure, as dehydrated water is moved to the lower, steel mesh-like the network, or matrix in a number of structures holes are formed is provided, after injection of sludge in sludge injection part, the liquid or air is injected into membrane located on the sludge, applying pressure to the sludge , the bottom of the filtration belt, configured sludge dewatering set to dehydrate water contained in the sludge, and this sludge dewatering apparatus assembled fabricated in a plurality of layers To. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Figure 1


Based on the theory of natural boundary reduction,overlapping domain decomposition method is applied to elliptic boundary value problems over a kind of unbounded half plane with a cave。It is proved that the convergence rate of the algorithm is geometrical。The numerical example shows that the algorithm is effective。


Only 5'-halves were produced when the terminator sequence for RNA polymerase (pol) Ⅲ transcription was inserted into the intron of yeast tRNATyr gene. If a promoter and a terminator for pol Ⅱ transcription flanked it, the tRNA gene could be transcribed by pol Ⅱ, but the transcripts could not be processed into mature tRNAs. In contrast , tRNA gene could also be transcribed by pol Ⅲ and the transcripts could be processed into mature tRNAs even if a promoter and a terminator for pol Ⅱ transcription flanked it. Pol Ⅱ transcripts, modified with a self-cleaved hammerhead structure at 3'-end, were processed into mature tRNAs in the medium containing 100 mmol/L Mg2+ , indicating that the 3'-long trailer sequence blocks the maturation of tRNA gene transcripts by polⅡ.


By reactions between nickel and sulfur, products with different stoichiometries can be obtained, from the nickel rich compounds like Ni3S2, over NiS to sulfur rich compounds like Ni3S4 and NiS2. Nickel sulfides have been recently used in many applications, like solar cell materials, catalysts and cathode material for lithium batteries. In this paper, we present the synthesis of different nanosized nickel sulfides by high – energy milling of nickel powder with elemental sulfur in different molar ratios, using milling times between 1h and 8h. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, TEM including EDX analysis, elemental analysis and UV – Vis spectroscopy. Following products have been obtained in good yield: by milling a Ni : S mixture in molar ratio 1: 1, NiS1.03 was obtained after 8h milling time. Using a Ni : S mixture in molar ratio 1 : 2, NiS2 was obtained after 8h. Finally, from a Ni : S = 3 : 2 mixture, nanosized Ni3S2 can be obtained after 2h.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Kapur, Hattie, Grossman and Sinha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Corrigendum: Fail, flip, fix, and feed – Rethinking flipped learning: A review of meta-analyses and a subsequent meta-analysis


Mobile services are spread throughout the wireless network and are one of the crucial components needed for various applications and services. However, the security of mobile communication has topped the list of concerns for mobile phone users. Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity and Non-repudiation are required security services for mobile communication. Currently available network security mechanisms are inadequate; hence there is a greater demand to provide a more flexible, reconfigurable, and scalable security mechanism. Traditionally, the security services have been provided by cryptography. Recently, techniques based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) have demonstrated the feasibility of providing computer security services efficiently on mobile platforms. Islam and Biswas have proposed a more efficient and secure ID-based system for mobile devices on ECC to enhance security for authentication with key agreement system. They claimed that their system truly is more secure than previous ones and it can resist various attacks. However, it is true because their system is vulnerable to known session-specific temporary information attack, and the other system is denial of service resulting from leaking server's database. Thus, the paper presents an improvement to their system in order to isolate such problems.


In this work we present an optimization framework for shale gas well development and refracturing planning. This problem is concerned with if and when a new shale gas well should be drilled at a prospective location, and whether or not it should be refractured over its lifespan. We account for exogenous gas price uncertainty and endogenous well performance uncertainty. We propose a mixed-integer linear, two-stage stochastic programming model embedded in a moving horizon strategy to dynamically solve the planning problem. A generalized production estimate function is described that predicts the gas production over time depending on how often a well has been refractured, and when exactly it was restimulated last. From a detailed case study, we conclude that early in the life of an active shale well, refracturing makes economic sense even in low-price environments, whereas additional restimulations only appear to be justified if prices are high. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The synthesis and determination of the antioxidant activity of some novel (5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide derivatives are described in this article. The transformation of the base heterocycle was carried out via the reactions of acylation, [2+3]cyclocondensation, Knoevenagel condencation and alkylation for the purpose to obtain substances with a satisfactory pharmacological profile. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro by means of the scavenging metod effect on 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals.


In many OCR systems, character segmentation is a necessary preprocessing step for character recognition. It is an important step because incorrectly segmented characters are not likely to be correctly recognized. The most difficult case in character segmentation is cursive scripts. Uygur character is a cursive script. This paper presents the problem of segmenting the Uygur characters in various fonts and size in printed scripts. The technique for the segmentation is presented as following: line separation, word separation, segmenting the word into isolated characters consists of the two step's algorithms, topological segmentation, and quasi-topological segmentation. Topological segmentation is based on tracing the outer contour of a given word. Quasi-topological segmentation is based on the decision to section a character on a combination of feature-extraction and character-width measurements. Our approach relies on the feature of characters and fonts and profile models.


In addition to being an exogenous agent that affects social processes, we approach the socio-anthropological study of tourism as the context in which social practices occur and through which those same practices acquire meaning, especially in those territories where tourism practices are part of everyday life. In order to understand both situations, we present an operational definition of tourism –a socio-anthropological object of study—as a set of socio-technological practices and devices that ideolog-ically manages a compromise between what is desirable and what is possible to facilitate tourist travel. A diagram reflects this proposal starting from the triad desire-consumption-territory, and it contemplates some of the dynamics that occur in tourist contexts.


The XM1124 HE HMMWV has the potential for providing this capability on the battlefield. The XM1124 is a TARDEC funded program that converts a standard HMMWV into a series, HE HMMWV. Over the past 5 years, this vehicle has been in the hands of the warfighter and has undergone a significant amount of testing and a number of upgrades. In a joint effort between TARDEC, DRS, and A123 Systems, the vehicle is being upgraded using A123 NanophosphateTM prismatic cells to provide additional energy storage. This technology shows the potential for providing the energy and power needed for a ruggedized Military Application, while providing a safe, efficient means of energy storage and transfer that can be used in this extremely challenging environment. INTRODUCTION As the need for power and energy on the battlefield grows, systems that support the transfer and storage of energy will be critical. Commercial hybrid and plug in electric vehicles are gaining momentum in the commercial market, so the need for this technology to support the Military's power and energy strategy on the battlefield is starting to become apparent at a rapid rate. Not only do hybrid and plug in electric vehicles reduce the dependence on fossil fuels on the battlefield due to their increased fuel economy, but they could potentially be a key asset in the support of providing power to the Warfighter. In 2008, A123 and DRS Test and Energy Management, under funding from TARDEC, built a hybrid electric vehicle battery pack for the XM1124 made out of A123's ANR26650 cylindrical cells. The pack was first bench tested and then integrated into the XM1124, where it underwent a battery of performance testing to include a 100 yard dash and long term drive testing. The battery performed very well during this testing. In 2010, A123 and DRS Test and Energy Management worked jointly, again with TARDEC, to upgrade the pack using the A123 AMP20M1HD-A prismatic cell. This cell is extremely energy dense, highly manufacturable and is one of the common cells used by A123 for its commercial hybrid solutions. This upgraded pack would allow TARDEC and the Army to realize a high energy solution that can be easily manufactured for future hybrid vehicles. This paper will describe the history, design and integration process for a Lithium Ion prismatic battery pack into the XM1124 Hybrid Electric HMMWV. Prior to the pack build, a number of design decisions and simulation scenarios were performed to predict the performance prior to integration of the pack. This would include normal testing procedures such as capacity check and constant charge/discharge. In addition, a power profile (acquired from previous pack testing) of the vehicle navigating the Hartford loop at Aberdeen Proving Grounds was run in simulation to evaluate a "real world" scenario to understand pack performance. The pack will be built and real world data will be available in July/August 2011. ABOUT THE XM1124 The XM1124 is a series hybrid electric HMMWV that utilizes two electric traction machines on each axle for propulsion and a single motor/generator system that is used to charge the battery pack. The vehicle replaces the conventional HMMWV drive train with a hybrid drive train Proceedings of the 2011 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) Testing of NanophosphateTM prismatic battery cells in the XM1124 Hybrid Electric HMMWV, Marcel et. Al UNCLASSIFIED: Dist A. Approved for public release Page 2 of 6 that maximizes performance and, at a minimum, retains the standard capabilities of the HMMWV Because of the improved hybrid drive train, the XM1124 is able to provide a number of significant advantages for the Warfighter who is fighting on today's battlefield. The hybrid design allows for an exportable power capability through an Auxiliary Power Distribution System (APDS). This allows the Warfighter to export power for common battlefield uses where a tactically quiet generator would be required. It also allows for extended silent watch capability and a quiet mobility "stealth" mode where the vehicle is operated using the battery and traction motors, with the internal combustion engine being completely silent. Table 1 shows the significant advantages the XM1124 HMMWV can provide the Warfighter on the battlefield compared to conventional vehicles currently being used. Figures 1 and 2 show depictions of the XM1124 HE HMMWV. Figure 1. Graphical depiction of the XM1124 HE


1. Journalists Challenging the Boundaries of Journalism and Fiction 2. Artful Falsehoods and the Constraints of the Journalist's Life 3. Hemingway as Seeker of the 'Real Thing' and the Epistemology of Art 4. The Funhouse Mirror: Journalists Portraying Journalists in Their Fiction


A silver doped poly(L-argenine acid)modified electrode was prepared by cyclic voltammetric method.The electrochemical behavior and simultaneous determination of rutin and ascorbic acid were studied on the modified electrode.In pH 2.5phosphate buffer solution,the modified electrode gave two oxidation peaks at 0.552Vand 0.281V(vs.Ag/AgCl)for rutin and ascorbic acid,and a reduction peak at 0.491Vfor rutin at the scan rate of 140mV·s-1.The oxidation peaks of rutin and ascorbic acid were separated at 0.271V.The linear range for the determination of rutin and ascorbic acid were 5.0×10-7-2.0×10-5 mol·L-1and 2.5×10-5-5.0×10-3 mol·L-1,respectively.The detection limits were 1.0× 10-7 mol·L-1and 1.0×10-5 mol·L-1.The method has been applied for the determination of rutin and ascorbic acid in compound rutin tablets with satisfactory results.


The problems of present day public transport are discussed and possible controls that could lead to public transport viability and profitability while preserving passenger satisfaction are considered. The author finds it difficult to reconcile certain historical aspects of transport finance such as the very large discounts given for rail season tickets, or the cross-subsidy of suburban buses out of the profitable services of the inner cities. He also finds it difficult to begrudge bus subsidy when car users are blatantly undercharged for using congested streets. The system of charging for road use which allows users to pay the same for each extra bit of road used, irrespective of whether it is in short supply, is criticised. The two solutions to the problem of public transport are said to be to rely upon administration or to allow the forces of competition to determine the quantity and quality of service supplied. The author favours the competition answer with the suggestion that there must be alongside this course of action a reform of the present inefficient method of rationing road space. (TRRL)


Objective To evaluate the posterior surgery for severe lumbar fracture and complete rotational dislocation by transpedicle screw system.Methods A retrospective review was done for 12cases of severe lumbar fracture and complete rotational dislocation who had been surgically treated from March 2005 to May 2010.They were 11 nen and one woman,aged from 18 to 52 years (average,31.3 years).By AO classification,they were of type C3.LI was involved in 9 cases and L2 in 3 cases.By preoperative Frankel grading,there were 8 cases of Grade A and 4 cases of Grade B.They underwent open reduction and fixation with transpedicle screw system through a posterior approach,complete anterior and posterior decompression of the vertebral canal and inter-vertebral and posterior grafting and fusion.Results All patients had a successful operation,with a mean operation time of 160 minutes(from 120 to 240 minutes) and a mean blood loss of 700 mL (from 500 to 1200 mL).Their follow-ups averaged 2.6 years (from 7 months to 5 years and 3 months).Postoperative X-ray showed that the complete dislocations were reduced in all patients.Of 8 patients with Frankel Grade A,one improved to Grade C,3 to Grade B and 4 had little improvement; of 4 patients with Frankel Grade B,2 improved to Grade C and 2 to Grade D.No loosening,dislocation or breakage of the internal implants occurred in the follow-up period.Conclusion Fine reduction and fixation,as well as anterior and posterior decompression and grafting,can be accomplished through the posterior approach by transpedicle screw system for severe lumbar fracture and complete rotational dislocation.

Key words:
Lumbar vertebrae;  Fractures;  Dislocations;  Fracture fixation, internal


Background Although S-( – )[C]CGP-12177 is a useful positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for b-adrenoreceptors, the difficulty in radiolabelling the compound has prevented its extensive clinical application. Recently, we have developed a simple synthesis method for S-( – )[C]CGP-12177. In the present study, we attempted to prepare S-( – )[C]CGP-12177 with a high specific activity for intravenous injection which is feasible for the clinical evaluation of b-adrenoreceptors.


The effect of nutrition during late pregnancy on subsequent maternal behaviour of Merino ewes was studied using 175 four-tooth pregnant ewes. Six weeks prior to parturition all ewes were allotted randomly into a group fed oaten hay ad libitum + 250 g lupin grain/ewe/day and a group fed hay ad libitum + 1100 g lupin grain/ewe/day. On day 147 of pregnancy all ewes in each group were further allotted into two sub-groups and transfered to the lambing paddocks with sparse and dense pasture conditions. Nutrition during late pregnancy did not affect lamb desertion in the single bearing ewes,but in the twin bearing ewes the low level of nutrition resulted in a higher proportion of permanent desertions of at least one of their twin lambs (19.2%) compared with ewes on a high level of nutrition (4.3%). (


Understanding the dynamic behaviour of groundwater system for its sustainability necessitates information and evaluation of aquifers, acuicfudes, hydraulic head distribution in space and time, evatuatidn of aquifer parameters source and origin of groundwater, recharge processes and recharge rate, interplay between aquifers, interaction between surface and groundwater, residence time and flow rate, hydraulic barriers and preferred path etc. Isotope and Geochemical tracers play a vital role in understanding the groundwater system. They have proved valuable during the last three decades all over the globe, especially in the semiarid and arid regions. The hard rock aquifer system is much more difficult to understand due to inhomogenities and complexities in the geological system. In the lecture delivered, an attempt was made to provide new insights to understand the hard rock aquifer with respect to: (1) Natural recharge processes, source and dynamics of groundwater; (2) Development of new methods of estimation of artificial recharge and (3) Radon1 helium emanometery as atool for better siting of successful wells.


residents near where they tried to locate. Mrs. Robertson is very elliptical and elusive when she describes these practices, which include complex marriage, stirpiculture, and male continence. The first today would be akin to group marriage with free exchange of partners for the men and women. The second was an attempt at eugenic control, whereby members of the commune had to apply and be approved before they could have a child. The third was some unspecified form of contraception "discovered" by one of the founders of the group. Unfortunately, Mrs. Robertson does not go much beyond reciting numerous incidents concerning the relation of the community to local and other authorities and describing the movement of the group from place to place while it developed new doctrines and enemies. Virtually no information about its economic activities is provided in this book.


The developing of western democracy is the developing of citizenship to some degree. In ancient Athens and Rome, a free person owned no citizenship with the core character of respecting individual rights. The concept of modern citizenship emerged just in the 17th century, and three models of British, America and France have been formed since then. It can be said that the developing process of citizenship goes from specialty to universality in form, and the basic rights of citizenship have at last been fulfilled. The generalization of modern citizenship has extending to political, economic and social spheres and become the joint of people' s sovereignty and individual freedom. The maturing degree of democracy goes hand in hand with that of citizenship, thus developing countries inevitably need firstly to make efforts to generalize, protect and promote equal citizenship in their process of democratization.


We summarise the results of the first studies to investigate the Cyberlink brain body interface as an assistive technology. Three phases of studies and a contextual inquiry were performed with a range of users. A focus group was formed from brain-injured users with locked-in syndrome who have no other method of communication or control of a computer than the Cyberlink. Versions of a Yes/No program were then created to allow communication and have achieved some success with the focus group. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how this program has been improved and what steps need to be taken to create communication programs for persons with severe motor impairment. As a result of our experiences, we have been able to develop a set of design guidelines for brain-body interface operated Yes/No programs. These are presented and justified on the basis of our experiences. We also raise some general issues for assistive technologies of this nature.


Title Essays on Rent Seeking, Tax Competition, and Private Provision of Public Goods [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 山﨑, 慎吾 Issue Date 2017-03-23 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/66268 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Shingo_Yamazaki_review.pdf (審査の要旨)


Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Hematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Dermatology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy, 4 St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 5 Pathological


Nanog is associated with the pluripotency and constitute an important factor in cellular reprogramming. Thus, dissecting the molecular function of Nanog would provide better understanding of the process of reprogramming, cellular replication and differentiation. This study was designed to utilize the Next Generation Sequencing (RNA-Seq) data to identify, discover and profile the RNA transcripts influenced by RNA silencing of Nanog in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell. Data from mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were used as controls. GALAXY, an online open source software platform, was used and Tuxedo Protocol was followed to identify the differentially expressed genes and transcripts. The differentially expressed genes and transcripts were functionally annotated for biological and molecular functions and identify splice junction, exon-intron boundaries, and identification of primary transcripts. Results showed that, in Nanog null cell lines, Sgol2, Mcm7, Psma4 were up-regulated by a factor of 1.36 whereas several pluripotency related genes were down regulated. The up-regulated genes were associated with the regulation of cell cycle and regulation of pre replication complex whereas down-regulated genes were found to be associated with protein synthesis pathways, cellular proliferation and differentiation pathways besides pluripotency. Further, upon Nanog knock-down, genes associated with the process of replication were activated while genes associated with the cellular differentiation were down-regulated by a relative expression in the range of (0.3-0.9). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggests that Nanog may not only be responsible for determining the pluripotency and reprogramming of cells but also for the process of cellular replication .


Dormant dry seeds of an erectly oriented fruit variety of Capsicum annuum were irradiated with gamma-rays from 60Co source at 5, 10, 15 and 20 kR dose levels. The plants grown from treated and control seeds were investigated for meiotic abnormalities and pollen sterility in M1 and M2 generations. Abnormal chromosomes included stickiness, clumping, altered association, breakage, bridges, unequal segregation, laggards and abnormal microspores and their frequencies were dosedependent. Pollen sterility increased with increase in dose. The per cent frequencies of anomalies were more numerous in M1 than M2, which could be due to the operation of recovery mechanisms or elimination of damaged chromosomes in the intervening period.


Clinical experience with the new sequential preparation Biogest (.07 5 mg mestranol for 11 days .075 mg mestranol and 1 mg chlorsuperlutin for 10 days) in 597 women (5372 cycles) is reported. Side effects included gastrointestinal upsets (4%) and water retention (1%). No hepatic circulatory or oncologic complications were seen. Effectiveness was comparable to that of Stediril and Metrulen. Tests of a variant containing bromsuperlutin were also carried out. Breakthrough bleeding was much less frequent with Biogest than with other tested preparations.


Abstract The BGK model for an ideal gas with an internal degree of freedom introduces two characteristic times into the Boltzmann equation, accounting for the times between elastic and inelastic collisions, respectively. Moment equations are derived from the Boltzmann equation and the influence of the characteristic times is studied for some processes, such as heating, sound waves and shocks.


Composite laminated plates are widely used in supersonic vehicles due to its high stiffness combined with low weight. However, undesired aeroelastic phenomena, such as panel flutter, results in the risk of fatigue failure. Thus, this paper investigates a passive control technique to suppress such aeroelastic vibration. The goal is to establish a numerical study on the use of nonlinear energy sinks (NES) for suppressing flutter of composite laminated plates under supersonic flow regimes, assess the NES's effectiveness, and perform a parametric study of how different NES parameters affect the nonlinear dynamic response of angle-ply laminates.


This work takes part in the project of development of an anthropomorphic biped robot, Bip. The technological construction has been completed and the robot has performed some slow static walks. The next stage is the implementation of fast and dynamic walking gaits, in other words anthropomorphic gaits. The robot feet have been designed with a three-axes force-moment sensor for reconstructing the center of pressure-zero moment point. To study and test these feet, the idea is simple: the experimental setup consists of a human walker wearing the Bip feet as shoes, a force-plate and a motion analysis system. The purpose is double. The first one is aimed at comparing the contact pressure forces reconstructed with the Bip sensor feet, with the data recorded by the force-plate. The second one consists in determining the influence of (relatively) heavy and rigid metallic shoes on the gait of a human walker. If these feet were proving to be a handicap for efficient and elegant human walking gaits, how could it be any different for the robot Bip? Fortunately the analysis shows that they do not really handicap the walker.


In 1998, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology selected the Institute for the Scientifically Gifted (ISG) through public contest. The selected ISG taught the scientifically gifted for 100 hours and around 30% of the class was taught online. When the ISG was first established, the curriculum and textbook were not fully developed and it was difficult to find teachers for the classes which made it impossible to teach class offline for 100 hours. As a result of the establishment of the ISG, cyber education for the scientifically gifted was able to start.The ISG began by using the bulletin board system (BBS) for their cyber education for the scientifically gifted. For example, the teacher would upload information on offline classes and discussion subjects while the scientifically gifted would upload questions or tasks they had completed. However, the development of e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted to self-direct their studies was insufficient. The usage of the BBS to share files and information has continued to this day, 2016.20 years have passed, now in 2016, since cyber education for the scientifically gifted began. However, not much has changed, which shows that cyber education for the scientifically gifted is at its peak. Many reasons for the unchanging cyber education for the scientifically gifted can be found. First, the classes from the ISG does not count as regular class time. Second, the prejudice against cyber education that states that cyber education only assists offline education and that with only cyber education, high-quality education for the gifted cannot be taught. Third, one of the critical success factors of cyber education is the development of high-quality content services, but the development and usage of e-Learning contents suited for the scientifically gifted has been done lazily.As a result of the reasons above, in this study we explore the types of e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted. In order to achieve this study?s goal, we performed research following certain steps. First, we analyzed the characteristics of the scientifically gifted. Second, we defined the six types of e-Learning contents (i.e. tutorial-oriented, simulation-based, instructional material-oriented, task-oriented, discussion-oriented type) which were most fitting for the gifted. Third, we analyzed the best types of the e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted by using the online survey system. For this study, the professional group participated in an online survey system in order to gather their opinions.


This study discusses real earnings management and classification shifting along with accrual earnings management as an alternative strategy for companies that experience financial distress, and differences in choices of strategies at each stage of financial distress. This research was conducted on all manufacturing companies which experienced financial distress among those listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for six years from 2012 to 2017. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from all the manufacturing sector companies listed on the IDX that experienced financial distress. The sample companies totaled to 43 with a total of 258 observation data. The multiple linear regression technique was used in data analysis, analysis aided by SPSS. The results of this study indicate that in the early stages of financial distress, companies tend to choose the real earnings management strategy in the form of decreased production and classification shifting. While in the later stages the chosen strategy is real earnings management through a reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses. Finally at extreme stage, companies tend to adopt income-decreasing accruals strategies
Keywords: Financial distress, accrual earnings management, real earnings management, classification shifting


From the Publisher:
This book provides an in-depth study concerning a class of problems in the general area of load sharing and balancing in parallel and distributed systems. The authors present the design and analysis of load distribution strategies for arbitrarily divisible loads in multiprocessor/multicomputer systems subject to the system constraints in the form of communication delays. In particular, two system architectures - single-level tree or star network, and linear network - are thoroughly analyzed.


Transport properties of two-dimensional charged bosons in the normal and superconducting state are derived. The Wiedemann-Franz law and the Lorentz number are obtained for the normal state. A strong suppression of the quasiparticle scattering rate and a strong enhancement of the thermal conductivity in the superconducting state are found. Temperature dependence of the in-plane thermal conductivity of YBCO crystals is explained


Translation elongation factor G (EF‐G) in bacteria plays two distinct roles in different phases of the translation system. EF‐G catalyses the translocation of tRNAs on the ribosome in the elongation step, as well as the dissociation of the post‐termination state ribosome into two subunits in the recycling step. In contrast to this conventional view, it has very recently been demonstrated that the dual functions of bacterial EF‐G are distributed over two different EF‐G paralogues in human mitochondria. In the present study, we show that the same division of roles of EF‐G is also found in bacteria. Two EF‐G paralogues are found in the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi, EF‐G1 and EF‐G2. We demonstrate that EF‐G1 is a translocase, while EF‐G2 is an exclusive recycling factor. We further demonstrate that B. burgdorferi EF‐G2 does not require GTP hydrolysis for ribosome disassembly, provided that translation initiation factor 3 (IF‐3) is present in the reaction. These results indicate that two B. burgdorferi EF‐G paralogues are close relatives to mitochondrial EF‐G paralogues rather than the conventional bacterial EF‐G, in both their phylogenetic and biochemical features.


Imperial College London 1 currently has five international collaborative PhD programmes which require students to divide their time between Imperial and a partner institution in Singapore, Malaysia or Hong Kong. International collaborative PhD students frequently arrive for their periods at Imperial at varying times of the year, and are therefore unable to participate in conventional "Welcome Week" induction activities which occur at the start of the academic session. This article reviews the induction experiences of Imperial"s current international collaborative PhD students, and uses these experiences to reflect upon both the significance of university induction for international students, and, at a more practical level, the form and content of a successful induction process. Using an e-questionnaire, all 30 current international collaborative PhD students were asked for feedback on their induction experiences, and for suggestions as to how these experiences could have been improved. Findings raised interesting questions as to whether a dual-location programme of study prevents students from feeling a sense of "belonging" or "ownership" with regards to their institutions, and whether ongoing orientation can help to ameliorate this. The survey results also indicated that existing induction processes are inadequate, with more assistance being required in the areas of accommodation and immigration support. Drawing on student feedback and the previous work of researchers such as McKinlay et al (1996), the article proposes eight "action points" for improving international collaborative PhD students" induction experiences.


In this paper we elaborate on a specific application in the context of hybrid description logic programs (hybrid DLPs), namely description logic Semantic Web type systems (DL-types) which are used for term typing of LP rules based on a polymorphic, order-sorted, hybrid DL-typed unification as procedural semantics of hybrid DLPs. Using Semantic Web ontologies as type systems facilitates interchange of domain-independent rules over domain boundaries via dynamically typing and mapping of explicitly defined type ontologies.


The present invention discloses an information processing method, which is applied to an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a display unit with adjustable transparency. The method comprises: determining current transparency of the display unit as first transparency; obtaining first input information; determining whether the first input information meets a predetermined condition, and acquiring a first determination result; when the first determination result is yes, acquiring first information according to the first input information; determining second transparency corresponding to the first information, wherein the first transparency is different from the second transparency; and adjusting the current transparency of the display unit from the first transparency to the second transparency. The information processing method and the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present invention are used to solve the technical problem that the electronic device can not intelligently adjust the transparency of a display screen in the prior art, thereby achieving technical effects that the electronic device can automatically adjust the transparency of the display screen according to different input information.


This study examines how Thailand GDP announcement surprise affects AEC stock markets which are Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam. In the sample of 44 GDP announcements in Thailand during 2009-2019, our result suggests that there is no impact to AEC stock markets�on GDP announcement date. However, we find pre-and post- GDP announcement effect�spillover to other countries in AEC. In addition, the direction of Thailand GDP announcement has no reaction on abnormal return on AEC stock exchanges. In contrast, our findings report the influence of�macroeconomic�conditions in Thailand on�the abnormal return in Malaysia, Singapore,�and Philippines.


CMAJ | November 1, 2021 | Volume 193 | Issue 43 © 2021 CMA Joule Inc. or its licensors A 53-year-old woman was referred to the endocrinology clinic for recurrent hypoglycemia detected on bloodwork. The patient's fasting serum glucose values over the previous year ranged from 2.6 to 3.4 mmol/L. Although asymptomatic, she was given juice as treatment each time the result was reported. She had homozygous sickle cell disease with complications, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and bladder dysfunction. She did not have diabetes mellitus and was not using hypoglycemic agents. Her medications included prednisone (5 mg/d, stable dose for 2 yr), azathioprine, desmopressin, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12, olmesartan, tolterodine, gabapentin and calcium supplements. She had been receiving exchange transfusions every 8 weeks, with preexchange hemoglobin S levels consistently above 50%; the frequency of exchange transfusions had been reduced from every 4 weeks at the patient's request about 1 year before. She had no family history of endocrine neoplasia or diabetes. Because the patient reported no symptoms of hypoglycemia, we were suspicious that the recorded glucose values were falsely low. We noted that the previous venous blood samples were all drawn before exchange transfusions when massive reticulocytosis was present (reticulocyte count as high as 401.5 [normal range 22–92] × 109/L). This suggested the possibility of excessive glucose consumption by the metabolically active reticulocytes in the test tube before laboratory analysis could be conducted. We asked the patient to self-measure capillary glucose values twice daily for 2 weeks (fasting and postprandial timing); she had normal glucose values that ranged from 3.9 to 5.1 mmol/L. In addition, when we measured whole blood glucose on a blood gas analyzer (which minimizes delay between blood collection in the tube and subsequent analysis) and on a blood sample collected in a tube containing sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (an inhibit or of glycolysis) we recorded normal fasting glucose levels of 4.6 and 4.8 mmol/L, respectively (Box 1). The prereferral samples that yielded hypoglycemic readings were collected in tubes that did not contain an inhibitor of glycolysis. All 3 methods were performed in the presence of massive reticulocytosis (481.6 × 109/L during capillary glucose testing and 594.6 × 109/L at time of blood draw [normal range 22–92 × 109/L]). We advised the patient and her doctors that she did not have true hypoglycemia and did not require further resource-intensive investigation and monitoring. If glucose measurements were deemed necessary when reticulocytes were high, we advised using 1 of the methods described above, the most practical being point-of-care capillary glucose measurement.


Vision has extensively expanded robots' capabilities, making the robot control problem more complex. To track a target with a robot arm in a three-dimensional space involves the use of precise commands. We propose to insert a hierarchical neurocontroller based on CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) networks in a visual servoing loop. This hierarchical structure splits the robot's workspace and assigns different CMAC controllers imposing thus a specialized region CMAC. Compared to a single CMAC with the same number of weights, the neurocontroller's sensitivity and precision is increased. Robot positioning and target tracking with visual feedback can then be done with a better precision.


Convolution encoder and Viterbi decoder of rate 2/3 is simulated using Model Sim. Test benches for encoder and decoder are coded and simulated. Two bits are provided to the encoder as input and three bits are obtained as output of encoder. These encoded three bits are provided as input to the Viterbi decoder. Viterbi decoder consists of different modules such as Euclidean distance calculation module, Subset decode module, Compute metric module, Compare Select Module, Path module, Path memory module, Path in Module, Metric Module, Output decision module and reduce module. All these modules are internally connected by Verilog HDL codes and simulated using Model Sim. The output of the Viterbi decoder will be two bit output. When Input to the Convolution encoder is compared to the output of Viterbi decoder, results shows that they are the same. Convolution Encoder with Viterbi decoder finds applicable in digital broadcasting, Satellite applications, Digital Mobile Applications, Deep Space, Code Division Multiple Access and voice-band data communications. Keywords— Convolution encoder, Viterbi decoder, Viterbi Algorithm, Verilog HDL, Soft decision decoding, Trace back method, Model Sim INTRODUCTION Convolution codes were invented in 1955 by P.Elias. Convolution codes are generally error correcting codes that are used to improve the performance of many digital systems such as digital radio, mobile phones and the Bluetooth implementations. Viterbi decoder together with its improved versions is one of the best applications of convolutional codes. Convolutional coding has been used in communication systems including deep space communications and wireless communications. It offers an alternative to block codes for transmission over a noisy channel. An advantage of convolutional coding is that it can be applied to a continuous data stream as well as to blocks of data. Convolution codes are also used in real time error correction to improve the performance of digital radio, mobile phones, satellite links etc. The simplicity and performance of convolution codes for Gaussian channel is very close to the accurate. They are one of the most widely used channel codes in the practical communication systems. There are three alternative methods that are often used to describe the convolutional code. These are the tree diagram, state diagram and trellis diagram. There exist four basic convolutional codes decoding techniques: sequential, threshold, maximallikelihood and the Viterbi algorithm. The sequential algorithm can provide very strong correcting capabilities while it needs relatively large memory, which strongly depends on communication channel error density. The threshold algorithm is extensively good for channels with mid to good signal to noise ratios (SNR). The Viterbi algorithm is an optimum decoding technique. It is optimum as it results in the minimum probability of error. It is also the relatively straight algorithm to implement in hardware and is the best decoding technique. Viterbi algorithm is a maximum likelihood algorithm and performs decoding, through searching the minimum cost path in a weighted oriented graph, called trellis. The basic building blocks of Viterbi decoder are branch metric unit (BMU), path metric unit (PMU), add compare and select unit (ACSU) and survivor memory management unit (SMU). CONVOLUTION ENCODER Convolution encoding is widely used for satellite and other noisy communications channels. There are two important components of a channel using Convolution encoding: the Convolution encoder (at the transmitter) and the Viterbi decoder (at the receiver). An encoder includes extra information in the transmitted signal to reduce the probability of errors in the received signal that may be corrupted by noise. Every two bits of data stream are encoded into three bits for transmission. The ratio of input to output information in an encoder is the rate of the encoder; this is a rate 2/3 encoder. The following equations relate the three encoder output bits (Yn2 , Yn1 , and Yn0 ) to the two encoder input bits (Xn1 and Xn0 ) at a time nT: Yn2 = Xn1 (1.1) Yn1 = Xn0 xor Df2 (1.2) Yn0 = Df1 (1.3) International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 4, Issue 1, January-February, 2016 ISSN 2091-2730 540 www.ijergs.org Figure1. Convolution encoder of rate 2/3 VITERBI DECODER The Viterbi decoder consists of three main units branch matrices unit, add control select unit and survivor management unit. The branch metric unit (BMU) is responsible for the computation of matrices, second block add compare select unit (ACSU) selects the survivor paths for each trellis state, third block survivor management unit (SMU) performs the selection of output which is based on the most optimum path metric. Figure shown below shows the general structure of Viterbi decoder Figure2. Block diagram of Viterbi decoder INTERNAL MODULES OF VITERBI DECODER The Viterbi decoder consists of various internal modules for Branch metric calculation, Path metric calculation, modules to perform addition of branch metric and path metric, comparison module to select the smallest path and other modules. The first module is Euclidean distance calculation module. The other modules are subset decode module, Compute metric module, Compare Select module, Path in and Path memory modules, Reduce metric and Output decision module. Figure3. Internal modules of Viterbi decoder International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 4, Issue 1, January-February, 2016 ISSN 2091-2730 541 www.ijergs.org Viterbi distance The received signal (with noise) is converted into a series of distance measures from the known eight possible transmitted signals: The digitally encoded 3-bit signal, Y, from the encoder is converted directly to the distance measures. d[N] is the distance from signal = N to signal = 0 d[N] = (2*sin(N*PI/8))**2 in 3-bit binary (on the scale 2=100) Table 1.1 Calculation of Euclidean distance Signal Algebraic distance from signal 0 X =Distance from signal 0 Euclidean distance E = X 2 B = binary quantized value of E D = decimal value of B Quantization error Q = D 1.75 E 0 2 sin (0 π / 8) 0.00 0.00 000 0 0 1 2 sin (1 π / 8) 0.77 0.59 001 1 -0.0325 2 2 sin (2 π / 8) 1.41 2.00 100 4 0.5 3 2 sin (3 π / 8) 1.85 3.41 110 6 0.0325 4 2 sin (4 π / 8) 2.00 4.00 111 7 0 5 2 sin (5 π / 8) 1.85 3.41 110 6 0.0325 6 2 sin (6 π / 8) 1.41 2.00 100 4 0.5 7 2 sin (7 π / 8) 0.77 0.59 001 1 -0.0325 Module Subset decode This module chooses the signal corresponding to the smallest of each set {||r-s0||**2,||r-s4||**2}, {||r-s1||**2, ||rs5||** 2}, {||r-s2||**2,||rs6||**2}, {||r-s3||**2,||r-s7||**2}. Therefore there are eight input signals and four output signals for the distance measures. The signals sout0, sout3 are used to control the path memory. The statement dff #(3) instantiates a vector array of 3 D flip-flops. Module Compute metric This module computes the sum of path memory and the distance for each path entering a state of the trellis. For the four states, there are two paths entering it; therefore eight sums are computed in this module. The path metrics and output sums are 5 bits wide. The output sum is bounded and should never be greater than 5 bits for a valid input signal. The overflow from the sum is the error output and indicates an invalid input signal. Module Compare select This module compares the summations from the Compute metric module and selects the metric and path with the lowest value. The output of this module is saved as the new path metric for each state. The ACS output signals are used to control the path memory of the decoder. Module path This is the basic unit for the path memory of the Viterbi decoder. It consists of four 3-bit D flip-flops in parallel. There is a 2:1 mux at each D flip-flop input. The statement dff #(12) instantiates a vector array of 12 flip-flops. Module Path memory This module consists of an array of memory elements (D flip-flops) that store and shift the path memory as new signals are added to the four paths (or four most likely sequences of signals). These module instantiates 11 instances of the path module. Module Path in This module determines the input signal to the path for each of the four paths. Control signals from the subset decoder and compare select modules are used to store the correct signal. The statement dff #(12) instantiates a vector array of 12 flip-flops. Module metric The registers created in this module (using D flip-flops) store the four path metrics. Each register is 5 bits wide. The statement dff #(5) instantiates a vector array of 5 flip-flops. Module Output decision This module decides the output signal based on the path that corresponds to the smallest metric. The control signal comes from the reduce module. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 4, Issue 1, January-February, 2016 ISSN 2091-2730 542 www.ijergs.org Module reduce This module reduces the metrics after the addition and compares operations. This algorithm selects the smallest metric and subtracts it from all the other metrics SIMULATION RESULTS OF CONVOLUTION ENCODER Figure4. Simulation of convolutional encoder Figure5. Test bench of convolutional encoder Figure6. Input and Output of Convolution encoder of rate 2/3 Two bit inputs are provided to Convolution encoder. The inputs are taken as text document. Thus the convolution encoder of rate 2/3 is simulated successfully and three bit outputs are obtained which confirms that the simulation is successful. Test bench results prove the same. Two bit input and three bit output are visible on the test bench. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 4, Issue 1, January-February, 2016 ISSN 2091-2730 543 www.ijergs.org SIMULATION RESULTS OF VITERBI DECODER Figure7. Calculation of Euclidean distance Figure8. Subset Decode Module Figure9. Compute Metrics Module International Journal of Engin


Today's BNSF Railway is the product of some 390 different railroad lines that merged or were acquired during more than 150 years. A subsidiary of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation (NYSE:BNI), BNSF Railway Company operates one of the largest North American rail networks, with about 32,000 route miles in 28 states and two Canadian provinces. BNSF is among the world's top transporters of intermodal traffic, moves more grain than any other American railroad, carries the components of many of the products we depend on daily, and hauls enough low-sulfur coal to generate about ten percent of the electricity produced in the United States. BNSF is an industry leader in Web-enabling a variety of customer transactions at http://www.bnsf.com.


436 Why is it we talk and write so much about blood pressure (BP) measurement? Why another debate about yet another BP measurement methodology? Of all the important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is only BP measurement that attracts so much discussion and debate. The methodological approaches for measuring other CVD risk factors such as glucose, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and smoking status are well-defined and widely agreed upon. What distinguishes BP from these more easily measured CVD risk factors? First, and perhaps the most difficult to address from a measurement perspective, is the moment-to-moment biologic variability in BP. While most other CVD risk factors are characterized by some level of biologic variability, BP is unique in its volatility. Physical activity (even mild), emotional stress, and many other factors can result in sudden changes to one's BP. Like other risk factors, BP changes over time (with age), especially in industrialized societies. Second, all the convenient and clinically practical methods for measuring BP are indirect measurements. The reference standard for BP measurement is intraarterial measurement, a precise, but impractical method for most clinical settings. Indirect measurement methods, on the contrary, generally depend on the use of a pressurized cuff to impede blood flow in an artery, usually the brachial artery. Precise determination of BP is essential. Clinicians rely on precise BP levels to predict and manage CVD risk, to accurately diagnose hypertension, to determine appropriate initial therapy for BP management in those with hypertension or elevated BP, and to assess patients' progress toward goal BP. In recent years, the use of performance measures to evaluate quality in patient care has driven a new focus on assessment of all common CVD risk factors. BP control is a frequently used performance measure for these evaluations, further necessitating accurate methods for measuring and monitoring BP. Currently, office BP measurements are the most frequently used measure of control, with the last recorded office BP often cited as the performance measure.


A magnetic coupling resonant type wireless power transmission phase control capacitance tuning device comprises a compensation circuit formed by two opposite parallel compensation branches and a control system. Each compensation branch is formed by a fixed-capacity capacitor and a switch tube which are in serial connection. The compensation circuit and a resonant capacitor are in parallel or serial connection to compensate mistermination caused by circuit parameter change when a resonant circuit works. The magnetic coupling resonant type wireless power transmission phase control capacitance tuning device in a type of the fixed-capacity capacitor + the switch tube is disclosed aiming at the characteristics of magnetic coupling resonant type wireless power transmission. Thus, resonance compensation on magnetic field emitting circuits and magnetic field receiving circuits of magnetic coupling resonant type wireless power transmission is achieved, and the magnetic field emitting circuits and the magnetic field receiving circuits can remain at original frequency resonance or carry out resonance again at new frequency point.


With the serious pollution of the ecological environment, there are a large number of harmful gases in the chemical gases emitted by the industry. Relevant intelligent chemical algorithms control the emission of chemical gases, which can effectively reduce emissions and predict emissions more accurately. This paper proposes a gray wolf optimization algorithm based on chaotic search strategy combined with extreme learning machine to predict chemical emission gases, taking a 330 MW pulverized coal-fired boiler as a test object and establishing chemical emissions of CNGWO-ELM. The prediction model, by using the relevant data collected by DCS as training samples and test samples, trains and tests the model. Simulation experiments show that the chemical emission prediction model of CNGWO-ELM has better accuracy and stronger generalization ability, with higher practical value.


Teenage births and abortion rates are high in Britain, and sexually transmitted infections are on the increase. This study aimed to investigate students' awareness and use of contraception. Findings indicate that young people feel uncomfortable talking about sex with their parents; and pharmacists' gender and/or ethnicity appear to influence females' decisions to request emergency contraception.


Mosul province had a strategic importance in the past and it has protected its importance until now. The importance of this city that is located on the trade routes plus more after the start of oil extraction. Mosul Issue appears with the Mondros Armistice Treaty. England realized the rich oil resources of Mosul Province. Although the ceasefire UK forces entered Mosul. Turkey did not accept this situation therefore problems occurred. Mosul Issue was the subject of meetings held between Turkey and England after the First World War. The Mosul Issue was not resolved in Lausanne Conference. Lacking a consensus of the Parties, the subject referred to the National Assembly in accordance with the 3rd Article of Lausanne Conference. Nations Assembly asked the subject to public by sending a commission but failed to reach a decision based on the responses of the people living in the district. Nevertheless, the Commission has issued a report in favor of England. At that time Turkey was in a sensitive position. The War of Independence had finished yet. Republic was established. Consequently, although Turkey was disturbed by the result, signed the treaty on June 5, 1926 with Iraq and the United Kingdom. Turkey-Iraq border was drawn by the treaty. Turkey signed this treaty but it did not mean that it is completely gave up Mosul. Therefore, during the Gulf War Mosul subject came up again. However, this issue was not implemented despite the fact that it busied mind


Surface measurements of ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) were made over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean during the INDOEX field experiment in January- March 1999 covering the latitude range from 17°N to 20°S. Observations show decreasing trends in all these trace gases from the Indian coastal region to the open Indian Ocean. Ozone with a lifetime of few days, shortest among the species presented here, shows large variations while SF 6 , which has relatively longer lifetime, shows smaller variations. Ozone also shows clearly the effect of ITCZ and its movement. These observations show higher ozone near the Indian coastal region in January 1999 than in March 1999 and also compared to the observed ozone during the INDOEX-1998 cruise. This is believed to be due to strong anti-cyclonic conditions in January 1999 bringing more polluted air from the Indian continent. A decrease in the latitudinal gradient in CH 4 was observed in 1999 compared to that in 1998 in the same region, indicating slower growth rate in 1998-1999 period.


DOE has proposed to add MgO to backfill in the WIPP repository to stabilize pH and reduce gas pressures and spallation. Experiments show that MgO dissolution rates are proportional to surface area, nearly independent of pH, and decrease with increasing dissolved NaCl. The probably repository MgO dissolution rate will be {le} 10 to 20 {micro}mol m{sup 2}/min. Simulations indicate that MgO dissolution will buffer pH and provide stabilizing cement; however, under highly reducing conditions MgO will not control total gas pressures. Adding oxidizing agents or materials containing oxidized species, for example anhydrite, to the backfill, might control gas pressures.


Until recently diabetic patients dependent on or requiring insulin have been treated by injections of insulin derived from beef or pork pancreases. The amino acid sequence of human insulin' differs from that of porcine insulin by just one residue2 at a site which is not thought to be critically concerned in binding to the insulin receptor3: the C terminal amino acid of the B chain in the human insulin molecule is threonine, while it is alanine in the pig. The primary structure of beef insulin is slightly more discrepant, with three substitutions: alanine again at B30 but valine at position 10 on the A chain and alanine at A8 instead of isoleucine and threonine.4 The chief arguments for introducing human insulin for routine treatment of diabetics rest not, then, on any expected large difference in biological action but on the hope of reduced immunogenicity and-with newer production methods-reduced cost and greater worldwide availability. Small quantities of human sequence insulin can be extracted from cadaver pancreases' 6 or the fluid used to maintain islet cells in culture, or it may be chemically synthesised.7 8 These methods are not suitable for largescale industrial production, however, and the present clinical availability of human insulin stems from two recent and substantial achievements in biotechnology. Firstly, techniques were developed in the late 1970s for producing insulin of recombinant DNA origin, and this insulin was first tested in man in 1980 (probably the first "genetically engineered" protein to be administered to humans).9 Shortly afterwards "semisynthetic" human insulin became available, a product manufactured from porcine pancreatic insulin by the trypsin catalysed removal of the B30 alanine and its replacement by threonine.'0 At present most recombinant DNA insulin is made by inserting synthetic genes for the A and B chain into plasmids at a promoter gene site-for example, PI galactosidase or tryptophan synthetase-and then into bacteria (Eschenrchia coli K12)." 12 After fermentation the chimeric gene product is cleaved, purified, and the chains combined to make active insulin.'3 Manufacture of human insulin from recombinant DNA proinsulin has been accomplished and may eventually be a major commercial source. Formulations of highly purified human insulin are now marketed in Britain as short acting (soluble), lente, ultralente, and isophane types, and as premixed 50-50% and 30-70%


Thispaperdescribes anFPGA-based accelerator for mazerouting applications suchasintegrated circuit detailed routing. Theaccelerator efficiently supports multiple layers, multi-terminal nets, andripupandreroute. By time-multiplexing multiple layers overatwo-dimensional arrayofprocessing elements, thisapproach cansupport multi-layer grids large enoughfordetailed routing while providing at1-2orders ofmagnitude speedup oversoftware running on a moderndesktop computer. Thecurrent implementation supports a32X 32routing grid withupto 16layers inasingle Xilinx XC2V6000FPGA.Upto64X 64 routing grids arefeasible inlarger commercially available FPGAs.Performance measurements (including interface overhead) showaspeedup of29X-93Xoverthe classic LeeAlgorithm and5X-19XovertheA*Algorithm. An improved interface design couldyield significantly larger speedups.


A review of the clinical and pathologic evaluation of allogeneic bone grafts is presented with particular emphasis upon partial joint replacement. The histologic evaluation of cortical bone transplantation is reviewed. Radiographic evaluation of cortical bone transplants is presented in an attempt to understand the normal events that take place in incorporation of the graft by the host. The histologic and radiographic correlation is related to the healing process. Current methods of graft collection and storage are reviewed. While collection of the graft is fairly uniform, there are many varied treatment and storage procedures. General surgical procedures used in performing full cortical bone grafts are reviewed. The clinical use of an osteoarticular allogeneic bone graft in the elbow of a dog is presented, with a review of the operative and postoperative evaluation of the clinical patient.


The critical analysis of about thirty literary works -both novels and short stories- by those latin-american writers who have written about exile aims at examining some of the relations between literary creation and uprooting. The chosen period includes those called "boom-novelists" and their immediate follo- wers. The work is founded on a comparative study and meant to differentiate the accounts based on facts from the literary elaboration of exile as a topic. Its purpose is to explain how and why the wirters go beyond realism and loyalty towards the political history of the latin-american diaspora. The main issues of this work are : the use of literary archetypes related with several ways of feeling uprooted; the cultural meaning of these books, reflected in many images of america and europe; exile as a possible source of inspiration and the poetics of exile; the importance of tradition, originality and critical purposes among the exiled writers, compared with their contemporary fellow-writers in latin america; the specific work on the spanish language in a situation of linguistic marginality. The analysis ends with the study of autobiographical processes, which leads to the following conclusion : the main common point between these books is a concern about being a writer and working as a writer, a question renewed and deepened by the very experience of uprooting.


mobile robot is a small four-wheeled mobile platform, which was controlled by a micro-controller. The robot could sense its surroundings with the aid of various electronic sensors while mechanical actuators were used to move it around. Robot behaviour was determined by the program, which was loaded to the microcontroller. In that way, it could be used as a general robotics experimental platform. The autonomous mobile robot was designed and built in order to perform various navigation algorithms. The design consisted of two main sections: Electronic analysis of the various robot sensors and Programming techniques used to interface the sensors with the robot's microcontroller. In this paper it's shown that the path-guiding robot with IR sensors and obstacle detection is using IR proximity sensors. The predefined path is having varied turns, the fuzzy reasoning take care of speed to keep mobile robot in the defined path. The results are proved experimentally and the surface viewer graph is obtained from the Mat Lab.


We performed first-principles calculations within the density functional theory aimed to investigate the two-dimensional geometry of one monolayer of terephthalic acid TPA adsorbed on Cu 110 surface. The key issue of our study is to elucidate if the molecule-molecule interactions include a hydrogen bond, since such a bond would hinder the possibility to chemically functionalize this surface see D. S. Martin et al., Phys. Rev. B 66, 155427 2002 . In this context, our ab initio simulations are focused on the role of the spatial position of the hydrogen atom of the carboxylic group COOH for the structural stability of the TPA-Cu 110 system. It was found that an adsorption geometry involving a hydrogen bond is energetically unfavorable. The energy barrier separating these configurations was calculated for several different pathways of rotating the HuO bond of the carboxylate group OCO . We also analyze the real-space topography of four different adsorption geometries by simulating scanning tunneling microscopy STM images for several values of the applied bias voltage ±0.5, ±1, and ±2 eV . At small positive bias voltage ±0.5 , only two adsorption configurations can be imaged by STM. Besides this, theoretical STM images of these structures show specific feature for each case considered, and thus they can help to experimentally discriminate between the TPA-Cu 110 geometries considered in our study.


This study aimed to analyze the value of the rupiah against the US dollar, the world tobacco price and production quantities of tobacco on tobacco in Indonesia's export performance in the long term and short term. Research approach uses vector autoregression (VAR). The sample used in this research that the Indonesian nation as a whole. The empirical results of this study indicate that the value of the rupiah against the US dollar, the price of the world's tobacco and production quantities of tobacco influence significant to exports of tobacco in Indonesia in the long term and short term.