In the present study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random primer (E-20) was used to characterize and identify strains included in this study. Strains included 4 vaccinal reference strains of Pasteurella multocida, CU strain and 4 field isolates of Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased turkeys which were identified biochemically and serologically as A:1, A:3, A3x4 and D:11. The obtained results revealed that all strains were reacted positively and in different manner with the E20 primer except the 2 field isolates. The results of these reactions demonstrated in terms of bands of different molecular weight specific to each strain. This can be used as a base for characterization and differentiation of strains involved in the present study as the 2 field strains A:1 and A:3 react with primer. Mouse protection test was performed by vaccination of mice with local fowl cholera oil adjuvant vaccine then challenge with virulent field strains A:1, A:3, D:12 and untypable isolates. Results revealed that the local fowl cholera adjuvant vaccine could protect mice against virulent challenge with A:1, A:3 and D:12 field strains but it could not be protect mice against untypable isolates.


Objective:To explore a scientific and suitable method for estimating the size of drug abusers. Methods:Modified Delphi approach was adopted. During December 2005 to March 2006, experts in the field of drug control and drug medical treatment in Beijing were invited to give an estimation of the size of drug abusers(using heroin and "new type of drugs",respectively)in the city of Beijing. Results:The median of the estimated number of heroin abusers in Beijing in December 2005 was 50 000(40 000-60 000),which was 2.67(2.14-3.21)times as much as that of the registered number in the same period;the median of the estimated number of "new type of drugs" abusers was 50 000(30 000-95 000). Conclusion:Application of modified Delphi approach in experts in the field of drug control and drug medical treatment to estimate the size of drug abusers is valid and simple. Although there are some factors that can affect the results of a survey, modified Delphi approach can be used in an estimation of the extent of drug abuse with a better research design.


The use of triethanolamine (teaH3) in 3d/4f chemistry produces the enneanuclear cluster compound [CuII5GdIII4O2(OMe)4(teaH)4(O2CC(CH3)3)2(NO3)4]·2MeOH·2Et2O (1·2MeOH·2Et2O) whose molecular structure comprises a series of vertex- and face-sharing {GdIIICuII3} tetrahedra. Magnetic studies reveal a large number of spin states populated even at the lowest temperatures investigated. Combined with the high magnetic isotropy, this enables 1 to be an excellent magnetic refrigerant for low temperature applications.


For companies that are developing more complex transactions, the transaction engagement process (TEP) is another source of information and feedback.


An efficient barrier implementation is desirable on parallel systems to obtain good parallel speedup and to support finer-grained computation. Some modern Network Interface Cards (NICs) have programmable processors which can be used to provide support for collective communications such as barrier In this paper we utilize such a programmable NIC to provide an efficient barrier synchronization operation. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a NIC-based barrier operation as an addition to Myricom's GM message passing system. Our NIC-based barrier implementation achieved a barrier latency of 102.14 /spl mu/s for 16 nodes which is a 1.78 factor of improvement over the host-based barrier using the same algorithm for LANai 4.3 NIC cards. Using LANai 7.2 cards, which has a faster processor, we achieved a 1.83 factor of improvement for eight nodes. Our NIC-based barrier operation promises scalable fine-grained parallel computation over clusters of workstations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first NIC-level barrier implementation on a cluster with Myrinet/GM.


ABSTRACT As dating app use continues to rise, so too do women's experiences of intrusion in digital dating contexts. The extent to which dating apps facilitate intimate intrusions—defined in this article as behaviour that makes women feel uneasy, uncomfortable, or unsafe—has been the subject of burgeoning scholarly and media attention. While this research provides important evidence for the range of intrusions women experience on dating apps, to date, little is known about how women protect themselves in digital dating contexts. Drawing on qualitative interview and walkthrough data, this research investigated the strategies women employ to protect themselves—referred to throughout this paper as "safety work"—from men's intrusive behaviour on the dating app Tinder. Findings from this paper demonstrate the range of online and offline strategies women employ to respond to, avoid, and cope with men's violence. Given the burden placed on women to protect themselves, this paper argues that women's safety work limits their ability to participate freely on dating apps.


The proper identification of species has significant implications for conservation and general knowledge of ecosystem variety. It is especially important for biodiversity hotspots and former Pleistocene refugia, such as the Balkans. In this paper, we evaluate the taxonomic status of the endemic Balkan species Fruticicola waldemari A. J. Wagner, 1912, using both recently collected material and museum specimens. Phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial markers, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, show that this species is closely related to the representatives of Xerocampylaea, including a conchologically similar and partly sympatric species, X. erjaveci. Analyses of shell and genital morphology as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences indicate that X. waldemari and X. erjaveci are separate but closely related species. These species differ in shell morphology (size, umbilicus diameter, microsculpture) as well as genital morphology. Nevertheless, a further study with more comprehensive sampling of both taxa is required to fully understand the complex pattern of genetic and morphological variation observed.


Combining principles of equal electric potential jion,the paper states about necessity,feasibility,and construction technique of equal electric potential jion in residence architecture.It points out that process control and function test for equal electric potential jion must be done in the whole process according to requirements in Design Rules of Low Pressure Switching, and the consummating of part equal electric potential jion for small owner must be paid special attention,so as to let the equal electric potential jion play it's role effectively.


Combined with the construction reality of the Binghai roadwya,the proportional mix design of SMA applied at the rainy coast districts with low latitude and high temperature,was discussed in this paper.The problems about the materials selection,mix design and testifying of the SMA were resolved.Furthermore,the test research to the usage of the artificial sand on the SMA mix design was carried out.The engineering proved that the addition of the artificial sand to the SMA mix design is successful.


Abstract Isoprenaline was used as the template to synthesize a molecularly imprinted polymer that was able to simultaneously recognize ten β-agonists. The simulation showed that the three-dimensional conformation of the template was the main factor responsible for the polymer's recognition. The polymer particles were coated in the wells of a conventional microplate as the recognition reagent to prepare a chemiluminescence sensor. The light signal was initiated with a highly effective bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate-H2O2-imidazole system. The assay contained only one sample-loading step followed by immediate data acquisition, so one measurement was complete within 12 min. The sensor was used to determine the ten analytes in porcine urine. The results showed that the senor achieved ultrahigh sensitivity, with limits of detection from 2.0 to 7.0 pg/mL, high recoveries from 78.6% to 99.4%, and satisfactory recycle performance up to seven times. This is the first study reporting a molecularly imprinted polymer based microtiter chemiluminescence sensor for the determination of β-agonists.


That phosphates stimulate root growth in plants is generally accepted in agricultural practice, as well as in the plant nutrition laboratory; yet the experimental evidence in support of this statement is surprisingly little. A review of the literature of the present day concerning the effects of phosphates upon plant growth shows but slight advance over the information reported from Rothamsted by LAWES and GILBERT (i) in i847. More recent experiments reported from the same station (4, 5), and others carried on both in the field and in the laboratory at various agricultural experiment stations (2) in this country, confirm the main points of the early conclusions. SHULL (6) has brought together the main points of the phosphate problem as follows: In summarizing the effects of phosphates on plant growth, RUSSELL calls attention to increased growth of root system in lateral and fibrous roots and the better storage of food in root crops provided with an abundance of suitable phosphates. He mentions the influence of this element in increasing both straw and grain production, its connection with nuclear processes in cell division, its relation to normal transformations of starch, and its importance in determining the quality and feeding value of crop grown in the soil.


In Hong Kong, neonatal Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination is practiced with 99% coverage. This study was to compare the performance of T‐Spot.TB and tuberculin skin test (TST) in predicting tuberculosis (TB) among household contacts.


In the process of bid assessment,whether to choose an appropriate contractor or not is very important to the project quality. This paper sets up a contractor's competitiveness evaluation index system from the perspective of contractor's system,and puts forward by using SEM method to build the contractor's comprehensive competitiveness model. Using the LISREL8.70 software to analysis the data which gets from the actual questionnaire. The problem that evaluation indicators are difficult to measure is well resolved. At the end of the paper,taking an example to analysis the model. The research shows that the model provides important reference for the owners to select contractors.


Querying code conveniently is an appealing goal to the software engineering community. This work advances this goal by presenting a multi-modal query synthesis technique. Given a natural language description and code examples, we synthesize a conjunctive query extracting positive examples and ignoring negative ones, which is further used to query desired constructs in a program. To prune the huge search space, we generate well-typed query sketches for refinement by analyzing code examples and API signatures. We also introduce two quantitative metrics to measure the quality of candidate queries and select the best one. We have implemented our approach as a tool named CodeSpider and evaluated it upon sixteen code querying tasks. Our experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency.


This article argues that Russia intervened in Georgia because it could not abide an anti-Russian democratic regime on its doorstep. It analyzes the consequences of the August war for Europe, cautioning that Russia is likely to pursue similar strategies against Ukraine and the Baltic states.


The genus Homoeomma has thirteen species distributed in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Uruguay. In Argentina, two species are recorded, Homoeomma elegans in Misiones province and H. uruguayense in Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe provinces. The objective of this work is to provide the first record of Homoeomma uruguayense in the mountainous system of central Argentina, belonging to western record of the genus in this country. In addition, we provide data on natural history of the species, some notes on its sexual behavior and through the species distribution modeling we discussed about the geographic distribution of the species and factors that could led to this pattern.


This paper to describe the features of the cultural configuration of the practice of Ninjutsu mar-tial art in Chile. It aims to verify the differences among this kind of disciplines and the traditional formats of physical activity and sport in Western cultures. The fieldwork was developed from an ethnographic approach of corporal commitment, integrat-ing myself as an apprentice of martial arts in a Ninjutsu Dōjō from Vina del Mar, Chile. The anal-ysis used was cultural configuration analysis, a theoretical tool adapted for the description of cul-tures through the identification of its significance limits. The results of the study shows critical differences between the practice of this kind of non-competitive martial art and the traditional physical and sports activity formats of western socie-ties.


The traditional methodology of answering a research question has been to reach a deeper understanding of a particular biological process. By having a deeper understanding of the biological process, we will be able to reach a more comprehensive answer to the initial question. As an example, if we are interested in evaluating the host inflammatory response during pneumonia, we may start with the determination of blood cytokines levels. If a particular cytokine is significantly elevated, we may look at this cytokine at a cellular level to define the biology of the cytokine. We may look at the membrane-to-nucleus signal transduction to understand how the pneumococcus activates the production of the cytokine. Going deeper into cytokine biology, we may further study the regulation of gene expression of the particular cytokine. With this research approach, we aim to breakdown an initial complex interaction into their basic components in order to study these components individually. By studying the parts, we will gain a full understanding of the whole system.


Most of the studies have excluded Syrian banks from their samples due to the violent conflict in the country, which will affect their results. The main objective of this research is to evaluate liquidity risk through a comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks of Syria. We employed paired sampled t-test and regression with OLS estimation. Secondary data were collected spanning 2011-2017, for the entire private banking sector in Syria. This study investigates the significance of size of the bank and several financial ratios on the banks' liquidity. Our finding manifested that an insignificant difference exists between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of liquidity. Furthermore, Islamic banks liquidity risk management predictors were significant and nonperforming finance ratio (NPF) and bank size at 10% level. Whereas in its counterparts all the variables selected in our model were significant predictors at 5%. Our results show different factors in different significant level affect liquidity risk in each bank. This study provides an alluded picture about Syrian private banking sectors, particularly liquidity risk management. Which might help the authorities to set future prospects.


The main component of Emdogain is the enamel matrix derivative(EMD) extracted from porcine tooth buds by acidic extraction and purified by chromatography.EMD can not only induce the regeneration of acellular cement,but also promote the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells.In recent years,researches on the role of EMD in periodontal tissue regeneration have become a hot spot in periodontics.This article offers an overview on the recent studies on the effects of EMD in periodontal tissue regeneration and its application in clinical stomagology.


Reproductive success of food-deceptive orchids may be affected by interactions with co-flowering rewarding species, either negatively through competition for pollinators, or positively by means of a magnet species effect and floral mimicry. In this study, potential interactions between a dimorphic (yellow or purple flowers) non-rewarding orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina and a dimorphic (yellow and blue flowers) rewarding, co-flowering species, Viola aethnensis, were explored in a natural stand in southern Italy. To evaluate the interactions between these two species, plots of all possible arrays of presence/absence of the four colour morphs were arranged in the field and fruit production of the orchid morphs assessed. Natural aggregations of both colour morphs of the orchid had the highest reproductive fitness for each colour morph. Patterns in fitness variation detected in treated plots provided direct and indirect evidence that D. sambucina may benefit from the co-occurrence of V. aethnensis through floral mimicry and/or magnet species effect. Since the fitness of each orchid morph was strongly increased by the presence of a viola morph of similar colour, a double mimetic effect occurs between the two species, which to our knowledge has not been previously reported. Moreover, the co-occurrence of an orchid morph with a non-matching viola resulted in competition for pollinators, whereas in the absence of the rewarding plant the fitness was balanced due to positive interactions between the two orchid colour morphs. These findings suggest that D. sambucina, like many other European deceptive orchids, possesses a set of display traits suitable for exploiting potential facilitative interactions with a number of rewarding species. In addition, the unequal morph frequencies occurring in natural populations could result from unbalanced events in floral mimicry.


1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 4Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; 5Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 6Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan Abstract: Polyphenols have long been recognized as health-promoting entities, including beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, but their reputation has been boosted recently following a number of encouraging clinical studies in multiple chronic pathologies, that seem to validate efficacy. Health benefits of polyphenols have been linked to their well-established powerful antioxidant activity. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the current therapeutic status of polyphenols having sufficient heed towards the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, data about the safety profile of highly efficacious polyphenols has also been investigated to further enhance their role in cardiac abnormalities. Evidence is presented to support the action of phenolic derivatives against cardiovascular pathologies by following receptors and signaling pathways which ultimately cause changes in endogenous antioxidant, antiplatelet, vasodilatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, in vitro antioxidant and pre-clinical and clinical experiments on antiinflammatory as well as immunomodulatory attributes of polyphenols have revealed their role as cardioprotective agents. However, an obvious shortage of in vivo studies related to dose selection and toxicity of polyphenols makes these compounds a suitable target for clinical investigations. Further studies are needed for the development of safe and potent herbal products against cardiovascular diseases. The novelty of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge on polyphenols safety and their health claims. It will help researchers to identify those moieties which likely exert protective and therapeutic effects towards cardiovascular diseases.


This study aims:1) To determine the differences in generic science skills of high school students in the problem-based learning model and guided inquiry, 2) To determine the differences in generic science skills of students who have high critical thinking skills are better than generic science skills students who have low critical thinking skills, 3) To find out the interaction between learning models with the ability to think critically about the generic skills of science of high school students. The type of research used in this study was an experiment. Sampling in this study was carried out by cluster random sampling divided into two classes, namely the first experimental class applied to problem-based learning models and the second experimental class using guided inquiry learning. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the generic science skills of students who use the guided inquiry learning model are better than the problem-based learning model, generic science skills students with high critical thinking skills are better than generic science skills students with low critical thinking skills, and there is no interaction between problem-based learning models and guided inquiry with the ability to think critically towards generic science skills of high school students.


This paper summarizes the strategic paths, technology paths and application status quo of development of China's Internet of Things, analyzing the development status quo of Internet of Things in Hangzhou, putting forward Hangzhou's such countermeasures of developing Internet of Things economy as: establishing Internet of Things technology zone, establishing industrial incubating bases, setting demonstrative projects of promotion and application of Internet of Things technology, accelerating promotion and application of Internet of Things technology and etc.


The KATRIN (Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino) experiment investigates the energetic endpoint of the tritium beta-decay spectrum to determine the effective mass of the electron anti-neutrino with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90 % C.L.) after an effective data taking time of three years. The TRISTAN (tritium beta-decay to search for sterile neutrinos) group aims at detecting a sterile neutrino signature by measuring the entire tritium beta-decay spectrum with an upgraded KATRIN system. One of the greatest challenges is to handle the high signal rates generated by the strong activity of the KATRIN tritium source. Therefore, a novel multipixel silicon drift detector is being designed which is able to handle rates up to 100 Mcps with an excellent energy resolution for electrons of 300 eV (FWHM) at 10 keV. First seven-pixel prototype detectors were successfully installed and operated at the Troitsk nu-mass experiment, one of KATRIN's technological predecessors. In this work, we present the results of these measurement campaigns.


In the present paper we present the data from a series of experiments which involve drug intake using self-injection techniques by naive animals and the contributions of pharmacological and environmental factors to this behavior. 73 rats were randomly allocated to nicotine, methadone, heroin and saline groups under conditions of normal and reduced body weight (80%) and with or without a 60 sec fixed interval (F1) food delivery schedule. Animals significantly self-injected more methadone and heroin, but not nicotine, than saline controls. For all the three drugs, the highest self-injection rate was from animals in the 80% body weight and F1 60 food delivery schedule groups. At normal body weight and without a schedule animals injected more heroin than any of the other drugs. The results indicate that there is an interaction of pharmacological and environmental factors which maximizes drug self-injection. However, the pattern of this interaction is different for the three drugs tested.


Risk qualification, no matter we talk about a country, a corporation, a project or about bonds, reflects two main issues: default risk and recovery prospects. The main values assigned to rating are linked to its informational content and its use as regulating instrument. In this paper we demonstrate, taking as example Romania between 1996-2007, that (1) there is a negative correlation between sovereign rating and incoming flow of capital to Romania in the form of medium and long term debt (2) sovereign long term foreign currency rating is positively correlated with interest margin used by private lenders from Romania, so it influences the cost of internal financing (3) the rating has a potential regulating value for issuers and investors.


This paper presents the results of an empirical study of concept generation procedures enabling flexibility in engineering systems design. Evaluation of two educational training procedures (analogies vs. explicit) and two ideation procedures (free undirected brainstorming vs. prompting) was done. The procedures aim to improve quantitative lifecycle performance, while providing users with satisfaction with the process. Controlled experiments involved ninety participants working on a design problem in emergency services. Results suggest that combining explicit training on flexibility and free undirected brainstorming was best to improve lifecycle performance, measured as average response time and net present cost of infrastructure. No statistically significant effect was measured when comparing procedures against one another based on lifecycle performance, suggesting that any procedure could be used. Analogies combined with free undirected brainstorming led to better process satisfaction for users. The results give insights on the true effects of concept generation procedures, considering quantitative performance impacts, as well as qualitative user impressions.


Management of digital objects -pictures or other kinds of digital files- is a major challenge for organizations. It is a strategic process that involves several tasks within the institution, from the digitization of a physical document to the right document management process, through proper definition of the functional requirements for the tool used to publish and manage digital objects. A case of two institutions, Consortium of Academic Libraries of Catalonia and the Cartography Institute of Catalonia , is presented. Both faced this strategic process and choose the ContentDm tool for publishing and managing their digital images.


The presidents of Goias province, following the normative established in the Mission Statute, 1845, started several actions to advance in the natives catechesis and civilization, in order to introduce his "social life". However, the autochthon offer resistance, in obeying directions of state, creating obstruction growing the activities farming and cattle raising in the region. The president's recommendation was the force, where the order and the public security, as well the country's prosperity, had been warranted. KEY WORDS: Native, public assurance, catechesis, civilization.


Paul Andoh Senior Internal Auditor, Cape Coast Technical University. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 14 March 2020 Final Accepted: 16 April 2020 Published: May 2020


ABSTRACT A new species of permineralized palm stem, Palmoxylon deoriensis Khan, Mandal et Bera, sp. nov. is described from the Late Maastrichtian (late Cretaceous) – Danian (early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Deori village in Dindori District, Madhya Pradesh, Central India. The fossil specimen is a stem, characterized by the presence of cortical, sub-cortical and central zones with dermal, sub-dermal and inner central zones. The common anatomical features observed in the dermal, sub-dermal and inner central zones are the presence of regularly dispersed fibrovascular bundles, reniforma type of dorsal fibrous sclerenchymatous part (dcap), usually one metaxylem vessel element in each fibrovascular bundle (fvb), both tabular and radiating parenchyma around fvb, leaf-trace bundles distinguished by their protruded tongue-like vascular part with protoxylem vessel elements and highly compact ground tissue with thick-walled parenchyma cells, and the absence of fibrous and diminutive vascular bundles as well as centrifugal differentiation of fibrous part of fvb. These anatomical characters reveal its affinities with the extant Cocos-type palm taxa belonging to the family Arecaceae. Presence of mostly one, large (diameter > 183 μm) metaxylem vessel in each fvb and absence of lacunar ground tissue in the present fossil specimen indicate that palms thrived under a tropical, terrestrial environment during the deposition time (Late Maastrichtian–Danian).


This study aims to determine the effect of top management support, AIS user training, and AIS personal technical capabilities to the AIS user satisfaction on PT. Bank Sultenng, Palu Central Sulawesi. This research subject is the headquarters of PT Bank Central Sulawesi and one of the branches of service PT. Bank Sulteng branch Donggala, Central Sulawesi. The populations in this study were all employees whose job is directly related to the use of AIS on the headquarters and branch offices that is the subject of this study. The sampling technique in this research is census, because the total population of 47 people who are still allowed to do the census. This study used a questionnaire as a research instrument and multiple linear regression analysis as the statistical test data processing. The result showed that the support of top management, AIS user training, AIS personal technical capability, have a significant effect on the AIS satisfaction users simultaneously. Top management support and AIS user training are effect on AIS user satisfaction partially. AIS personal technical ability variable does not affect the AIS user satisfaction. Based on the value of Adjusted R Square AIS user satisfaction not only influenced by the variable support of top management, AIS user training, AIS personal technical capability, but is also influenced by other variables that not examined in this study, so expected for further research can add other variables that affect user satisfaction SIA other than those examined in this study.


Due to an ever-increasing movement of containers across the globe in line with the economic boom, the trade imbalance and issues related to empty containers have become inevitable. Empty containers accumulated at specific ports cannot only generate profit but also increase the environmental footprint. This research proposes a Maritime Empty Container Reposition Modelling Framework by integrating the agent-based modelling (ABM) paradigm to model the global movements of empty containers. An agent-based maritime logistic empty container redistribution model was developed to help minimize the total relevant costs for empty container movement in the planning horizon. In the system, ports, shipping companies, customers, and empty containers were identified as critical agents. Using simulated annealing (SA), shipping line agents were able to optimise empty container repositioning to determine the best sequence for moving containers. The model was applied to the Asia–Middle East region to simulate global empty containers repositioning in the region. The results comparison shows that the proposed optimised empty container repositioning framework can significantly reduce the shipping line's costs and make full use of empty containers.


The evaluation unit at the county level, using entropy method and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method for rural areas to evaluate the function of Cang-Zhu-Tan region, divided urban counties dominant feature type, analyze the impact of different factors of type rural rural area functions. The results showed that: economic function mainly in the area near the city and neighboring counties, mainly in grain dominant function relatively flat terrain of the county, the social security function in Kaifu District, Tianxin, Yuhua District, the strongest economic centers, travel features cultural attractions are located in more counties, ecological functions are located in the complex terrain of the county. According to rural development and function of different types of geographical distribution of counties and cities, rural areas of Chang-Zhu-Tan region functional orientation, direction of development, improve the competitiveness of rural character and function to provide a reference.


Background In 2009 National Quality Standards for Residential Care Settings for Older people in Ireland were written into Irish legislation by the Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA). Standard 15 specifically states that each resident on long-term medication in the Residential Care Setting should be reviewed by his/her medical practitioner on a three monthly basis, in conjunction with nursing staff and the pharmacist. Purpose Implementation of STOPP and START1 as a clinical pharmacy service to facilitate three monthly medication reviews in an older residential care setting. Qualitative evaluation of the acceptability of the service to General Practitioners. Materials and methods A total of 103 residents ≥65 years from two residential care units were eligible for inclusion (exclusion criteria included terminally ill or respite patients) in the study and six General Practitioners participated in the study. Each General Practitioner completed a qualitative post service evaluation interview to determine the acceptability of STOPP and START1 as a clinical pharmacy service. Results Of the residents reviewed (n=103), 75 (72.8%) were female; the median age was 86 years (IQR: 66-103). 884 regular medicines were prescribed (Median 9). 75.7% (78) residents had at least one potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) or prescribing omission identified by STOPP and START criteria1. 65% of potentially inappropriate prescribing involved use of medicines that had unfavourable risk benefit ratio according to STOPP and 34.8% were instances of PIM through omission of potentially beneficial medicine according to START. 46.6% (95) of recommendations were accepted and implemented by General Practitioners. Of all recommendations declined a valid reason was provided in 93.5% (102) of cases. All General Practitioners interviewed found STOPP/START1 to be acceptable as a clinical pharmacy service. Conclusions Implementation of STOPP and START1 as a clinical pharmacy service reduces inappropriate prescribing, facilitates the three monthly medication reviews required to meet HIQA's medication monitoring and review standard and is acceptable to General Practitioners.


Doing tourism comes across in this volume as doing things people don't need to do, having insatiable appetites, 'consuming' things incessantly. For human beings simply wanting to relax on a beach, and for much of their time, individuals visiting friends and relatives overseas, the Big Site is far from central to the doing. Even amongst most tourists, their experience, their practice, is multi-faceted – a Big Site fitted in amongst many other things, not least relationships. Like doing leisure, doing tourism is relational with many things, and with leisure practices. All these things are relational. We do tourism/ leisure as part of our feeling to negotiate our lives, between holding on to particular familiarities (as in much tourism) and shifting free for adventure, to 'go further'; identities, feelings of self and others can be adjusted; maybe at least we try and cope. On a more routine point, it is ironic that in such a book the photographs are grey, grainy and don't work (someone holds a digital camera; another is seen, head focused on a computer screen). As with John Urry's other books, this is an enjoyable, easy read. The cost of that, though, is its apparent lack of critical depth and considered debate. The book ends (chapter 9) with a quick glance at some current issues: dangers, tourism conflicts [environment], oil, climate change, each largely repeated in 'futures', and a short entry on Dubai. Interestingly towards the end of this final chapter, regret is expressed for the argued gaze and its accompanying matter of mobilities. Does this turn the whole book on its head? The gaze emerges judged guilty; the excited character of the writing style hardly prepares us for this outcome. There remains a great deal of work properly to investigate empirically and critically to argue the various means and practices through which tourists do, and to consider them relationally. This book offers a glance across one of these components.


A mathematical framework is introduced to study attractors of discrete, nonautonomous d cal systems which depend periodically on time. A structure theorem for such attractors is esta which says that the attractor of a time-periodic dynamical system is the union of attractors propriate autonomous maps. If the nonautonomous system is a perturbation of an autonomo properties that the nonautonomous attractor inherits from the autonomous attractor are dis Examples from population biology are presented.  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


We present the results of the analysis of 151 spectra of the Wolf-Rayet star HD 4004 (WR1) obtained in 1999 and in 2005. The line-profile variability is found to be periodic, with P = 7.684 days, and to have characteristics that are very similar to those of another variable WR star, HD 50896 (WR6). The similarities point toward a common physical phenomenon in both systems. Of the scenarios that can explain the observations, such as colliding winds in two stars with similar wind momenta and the ejection of streams or jets from two opposite locations on the stellar surface, the latter seems more likely due to the lack of observational evidence for a strong wind-bearing companion.


The regulation of functions such as respiratory or heart rate in human body as well as the control of motor movements are under the control of nervous system. As these actions and correlated tasks are directly influenced by the brain, the brain monitoring gives the possibility to differentiate the tasks, enabling at the same time the prediction of further actions. In this contribution, publicly available electroencephalography (EEG) datasets are analyzed with respect to the detection of epileptic seizure occurrence and BCI-related actions (here: cued motor imagery). For these purposes, timefrequency- based feature extraction alongside different classification methods is used. To perform the classification, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are utilized and compared with previously obtained results. The feasibility of particular features for the detection of epileptic seizures and BCI-related tasks is discussed. Four different feature vectors per analyzed problem are identified. Acceptable accuracy of classification using ANN- and SVMbased classifiers is achieved using identified feature vectors.


In this paper, we extend our previous work where we have introduced the possibility of defining and using resources in ASP. In fact, in P-RASP (Resourced ASP with Preferences) one can define resources with their amounts. Available resources can be used for producing other resources, thus consuming either all or just a part of the available amount. The remaining amount, if any, can be used in a different way. It is possible to express preferences about which resources should be either consumed or produced. Moreover, conditional preferences, of three different forms, allow one to express preferences according to certain conditions, that are to be evaluated "dynamically.", namely, with respect to the specific answer set at hand. The semantic rendering of P-RASP with conditional preferences is in terms of plain P-RASP, though the translation is not straightforward and thus the new features are not syntactic sugar.


The noise generated by the presence of a construction site within complex structure in operation (e.g. school, hospital) is a problem that too often is underestimated but that can generate problems of different nature, both concerning the health of the actors involved and regarding the performance of daily activities present within such structures (e.g. carrying out a lesson, a surgical procedure). The main aim of our tool is to highlight the impact of the noise generated by the construction site activities on these daily activities and to allow the simulation in real time of the viable solutions, thus arriving to find the one that is considered most suitable.


The present paper deals with problems related to the possibilities to use fractal systems to solve some important scientific and practical problems connected with filtering and separation of aqueous phases from organic ones. For this purpose a special separator have been designed. The reactor was filled with a porous material with fractal dimension, which is an integral part of the set for filtration and separation of emulsions. As a model emulsion hexadecan mixture with water in equal quantities (1:1) was used. We examined the hydrodynamics of the separation of the emulsion at different rates of submission of the entrance of the reactor. Keywords—pilot reactor, fractal systems, separation, emulsions


As these day we are coming across many cases of Covid-19 But still nothing is working much to reduce the number of these So we need something to be done for them so as for the betterment of the country as well as secured living of these people Therefore, taking a step forward in helping these people, we have come up with an idea of developing into an application called "Smart Sahayata (Covid-19)" which can be used by every citizen of India to provide a healthy living for the exiled All they need to do is to open up the application and click any of the 4 tabs that is to report Homeless/Find Shelter/Donation(money or food packets)/violation of social distancing Which gives the Location information of a person who is in need of accommodation or food So that govt can take necessary steps


3D human pose and shape estimation plays a vital role in many computer vision applications. There are many deep learning based methods attempting to solve the problem only relying on single-view RGB images for training the network. However, since some public datasets are captured from multi-view cameras system, we propose a novel method to tackle the problem by putting optimization-based multi-view model-fitting into a regression-based learning loop from multi-view images. Firstly, a convolutional neural network (CNN) regresses the pose and shape of a parametric human body model (SMPL) from multi-view images. Then, utilizing the regressed pose and shape as initialization, we propose an improved multi-view optimization method based on the SMPLify method (MV-SMPLify) to fit the SMPL model to the multi-view images simultaneously. Subsequently, the optimized parameters can be adopted to supervise the training of the CNN model. This whole process forms a self-supervising framework which can combine the advantages of the CNN approach and the optimization- based approach through a collaborative process. In addition, the multi-view images can provide more comprehensive supervision for the training. Experiments on public datasets qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate that our method outperforms previous approaches in a number of ways.


In this paper, chaotic responses of power system under load perturbation and bounded noise excitation is investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The Melnikov method is applied to obtain the necessary condition for the rising of chaos. It is found that for the deterministic system when the strength of load perturbation is greater than a threshold, the Smale's chaos in power system occurs. More significantly, it is found that with random bounded noise the threshold of load perturbation for the onset of chaos is reduced, that is, bounded noise will make it easier to induce and enhance chaos in power system, which is further verified by the maximal Lyapunov exponents of the system. Our results may provide a useful tip for understanding power system's security operation.


The invention discloses a method for displaying problems and a device thereof, which belongs to the computer internet field. The method comprises: effective response time of obtained problems to be solved is set, and expected number of problems to be solved in the effective response time is calculated; time and current number of solved problems are obtained; priority of the problems is calculated according to the time currently spent on the problems, the current number of solved problems, the effective response time and the expected number of problems to be solved; and the problems are displayed according to the priority of the problems. The device comprises: a setting module, a computing module, an obtaining module, a processing module and a displaying module. The method can cause every problem to be displayed reasonably, which improves solving efficiency and solving quality of the problems and increases usage experience of users.


This paper describes the works and studies made in one Industrial Plant in TURKEY, to upgrade the existing 45 MW electrical generation capacity to 85 MW through an interconnection between the existing generation systems and national electrical network. Through this extension major modifications have been made in connection lines between Industrial Plant electrical system and national electrical network and the electrical distribution system in order to restore the system reliability, operational flexibility and equipment maintainability. In this study, main design criteria, power system analyses, two level medium voltage and low voltage distribution system installation, automation, load control of generation, distribution and control room revision during the extension project are reviewed. The aim of this paper to make recommendations based on the learning experiences during the implementation of this project and to assist the reader faced with a similar major industrial plant expansion projects.


This article reviews the background of the UK Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007,analyzes its policy implication and concludes that it is the policy purpose to control corporate activities that stimulates UK legislators to adopt this Act.Then,it introduces latest developments in corporate criminal liability in other common law countries and makes it clear that organization mode is gaining more and more support.Finally,it suggests that it is time to rethink unit punishment and related theories in China in order to prevent unit crime more effectively.


A check-list of fish species from Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, and its adjacent shallow coast (~10 m depth) is presented. A total of 682 samplings were conducted between 1993 and 1995, with monthly efforts during 1994. A total of 90 species were identified, 9 of which were elasmobranchs, from 41 families. Sixty-nine species were collected from Bahia San Quintin and 71 from the coast; only 50 species were common to both environments. The best represented family was Embiotocidae, with 10 species, and the genus Sebastes showed the greatest number of species, with 5. The ichthyofauna of Bahia de San Quintin has never been studied in a systematic and integral manner, until now.


The role of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's Disease (CD ), has been investigated. The fastidious characteristics and cross reactivity of MAP w ith other members in Mycobacteria have produced significant challenges in their detection and identification. In this two year pilot study, an array of three PCR molecular assays based on the detection of sequences from the16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS900 genes, belonging to members of the MAC, have been developed and optimized into a common protocol to be used as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool regarding M. avium complex (MAC) infection. The PCR protocol time was reduced by half, and the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular assays has been significant ly improved barring the need for southern hybridization. This improved methodology was employed for the molecular typing of MAC in 100 resected, full-thickness tissue samples removed fr m IBD patients. The tissue samples were homogenized, decontaminated, and inoculated into two mycobacterial culture media systems. A total of 328 Bactec and Mycobacteria G rowth Indicator Tube (MIGT) cultures were evaluated for positive MAC growth. Harvested cells we re th n subjected to genomic DNA extraction and subsequent PCR typing. The I6 S rRNA-based PCR resulted in detection of 26/28 (93%) MAC in Bactec cultures. Specifically, 25/28 (89%) of positive MAC indicated the presence of IS1245 specific to M. avium subsp avium (MAV), and 6/28 (21%) produced results consistent with the presence of IS900 following nested PCR. Moreover, 20/100 (20%) of MGIT cultures were positive for MAP. Sequence analysis was performed on amplified regions of the IS900 element from seven isolates. A nucleotide alignment revealed that 2/7 isolates demonstrated 100% homology to Bovine MAP and 5/7


In its explicit engagement with the possibility of human extinction, the Anthropocene thesis might be seen as signalling a 'crisis of natality'. Engaging with two works of fiction – Cormac McCarthy's The Road and Anne Michaels' Fugitive Pieces – the article explores the embodied, affective and intimate dimensions of the struggle to sustain life under catastrophic conditions. Though centred on male protagonists, both novels offer insights into a 'stratigraphic time' associated primarily with maternal responsibility – involving a temporal give-and-take that passes between generations and across thresholds in the Earth itself. If this is a construction of inter-corporeality in which each life and every breath has utmost value, it is also a vision that exceeds the biopolitical prioritization of the organismic body – as evidenced in both McCarthy's and Michaels' gesturing beyond the bounds of the living to a forceful, sensate and enigmatic cosmos.


The National Stream Survey (NSS), conducted in the spring of 1985 and 1986, is one component of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Surface Water Survey. This effort is in support of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The NSS was a synoptic, spring survey of 500 streams in regions of the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States expected to contain larger numbers of low alkalinity streams. The NSS is based on a probability sample from an explicitly defined population of surface waters. In the NSS, 500 streams were sampled, representing a regional population of 64,700 stream reaches. The NSS database includes stream and watershed physical characteristics, in situ measurements, and water chemistry data. Accompanying the database is a comprehensive user's guide that provides an overview of the NSS design, database structure, and transfer media.


This article aims to analyze the Superman brand through its history, from its creation to the present day. Investigates the reasons that enabled the brand to remain alive and relevant to its audience as well as the reasons to have become globally recognized icon of pop culture. Observes its transmedia path and also its brand equity, based on the concepts of Phillip Kotler (2006), Joseph Campbell (2007) and works by Kevin Roberts (2005), David Aaker (2007), Grant Morrison (2012) and Larry Tye (2013). In conclusion, it presents decisive factors in the perpetuation of power and relevance of the mark through time.


Parallelization of embedded software is often desirable for power/performance-related considerations for computation-intensive applications that frequently occur in the signal-processing domain. Although hardware support for parallel computation is increasingly available in embedded processing platforms, there is a distinct lack of effective software support. One of the most widely known efforts in support of parallel software is the message passing interface (MPI). However, MPI suffers from several drawbacks with regards to customization to specialized parallel processing contexts, and performance degradation for communication-intensive applications. In this paper, we propose a new interface, the signal passing interface (SPI), that is targeted toward signal processing applications and addresses the limitations of MPI for this important domain of embedded software by integrating relevant properties of MPI and coarse-grain dataflow modeling. SPI is much easier and more intuitive to use, and due to its careful specialization, more performance-efficient for the targeted application domain. We present our preliminary version of SPI, along with experiments using SPI on a practical face detection system that demonstrate the capabilities of SPI


Objective:To observe the anti-glioma effects of lymphocyte activated by SEC in vivo and probe into therapy effects of SEC combing with operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Methods:Experiment animals were SCID mice.With establishing animal model of glioma xenografted and immunity chimeric model of HuPBL-SCID,we observed the growth curve,survive time.With having operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,30 patients suffering from glioma were divided into control group,handle group 1 and 2,and then results were analyzed with MRI.Results:Growth curve shows:A,C and B group produced different suppress against glioma and its suppress rate were 58.5%,46.2% and 36.3%.The first death occurred at the 17th day in control group mice and all mice deaded at the 40th day.Contrasting to this,the first death occurred at the 40th day and 50% mice still were alive in group A until the day that experiment has just finished(60 day).Clinical material showed:The rate of effect(CR and PR) in control group was 40%,while the rate of effects was 50% in handle group 1 and 62.5% in handle group 2.Conclusion:SEC has extramaly potent anti-tumor activity against glioma.SEC combined with operation,radiatherapy and chemotherapy can raise treatment effect in patients with glioma.


Sensitivity and selectivity of Al 2 O 3 thick films for LPG gas sensor have been examined. The structural properties of Al 2 O 3 have been examined by means of XRD and the surface morphology by the SEM studies. XRD confirmed the complete phase formation at 800°C for 6 h. The sensing properties and response time of (1 wt%) Pd:(10 wt%) Cr 2 O 3 doped Al 2 O 3 have been characterized by d.c. electrical measurements for different gases. The element is exposed to several gases such as LPG, CO, CH 4 in dry air. It shows good sensitivity and selectivity towards LPG at low operating temperature.


Introduction: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of the key pathogen associated with periodontal diseases as well as systemic infections. Giving importance to the higher incidence rate of periodontitis and resistance among oral bacteria to antibiotics, there is a need for alternate treatment regimen especially from natural resources. The main objective of the present study was to elucidate antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of the essential oils of Mentha piperita Linn and Mentha arvensis Linn against A.actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with orodental infections. Methodology: Essential oils of Mentha piperita Linn and Mentha arvensis Linn leaves were distilled in Clevenger's apparatus by Neo-Clevenger's method. Antimicrobial action was determined by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microbroth dilution technique. Tissue culture plate method was employed for demonstration of antibiofilm activity. Results: 77.9% and 76.5% of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against Mentha piperita Linn and Mentha arvensis Linn essential oils respectively by disc diffusion methods. The MIC ranged between 3.125µl/ml to 12.5µl/ml. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (BIC 50 ) was achieved at 100  l/ml concentration for both the essential oils Conclusion: Essential oils of M.piperita and M.arvensis showed good antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activity at low concentrations and can be considered as an alternate treatment option for the control of periodontitis by A.actinomycetemcomitans .


Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) imaging is a new technique that allows imaging from volume sonographic data rather than conventional planar data. The volume data can be viewed as a three-dimensional object and displayed in multiplanar mode in three orthogonal planes or in various modes of rendering that can be selected singularly or combined to optimize the visualization of soft tissues, bony structures or vessels. The 4D imaging has introduced a temporal dimension to the 3D volumetric scansion, associating movement to representation of volumes. 3DUS provides the ability to examine the embryo and the fetus at the first trimester in any arbitrary plane. Various studies have reported a better visualization of the structures in normal fetuses as well as malformed ones, regarding selected cases of facial structures, cranium, abdominal wall and limbs. 3DUS technique is also being considered for measurement of nuchal translucency and the evaluation of the nasal bones. Several reports exist on the application of 3D-4D techniques regarding conjoined twins. 4DUS allows the evaluation of fetal motorial and behavioral patterns. 3D-4D techniques are seen as a powerful complement to conventional ultrasound, but not a substitution to it.


This paper explores the indirect accountability of political appointees. The appointee's quality is uncertain, and voters hold the politician accountable for the appointee's performance. The politician has better information about the appointee than voters do, but electoral concerns induce the politician to make inefficient retention decisions. Specifically, there is over-retention of appointees relative to the social optimum. If the quality of candidates for appointment is low, then improving the pool of candidates can help reduce distortions and, in fact, it is in the interest of the politician to do so. I also show that more public information about the appointee reduces over-retention.


We present the case of a 45 years old woman with a 11 x 6 cm diameter vulvar tumour with an evolution of 2 years. The patient complained of pain and purulent exudate. She underwent resection of this lesion and the findings were a solid paraurethral tumour located in the posterior face of urethra with clear limits and easy to dissect. The pathology report showed an aggressive angiomyxoma.


The interaction among plants, soil and microorganisms is considered to be the major driver of the ecosystem functions, and any modification on plant cover and/or soil properties might affect the microbial structure, which, in turn, will influence the ecological processes. Assuming that soil properties are the major drivers of soil bacterial diversity and structure, within the same soil type, can the plant cover cause significant shifts on soil bacterial community composition? To address this question we used 16S rRNA pyrosequencing to detect differences in diversity, composition and/or relative abundance of bacterial taxa from an area covered by pristine forest and eight years old grassland surrounded by this forest. After removing the natural forest, the soil bacterial community did not suffer a great alteration or at least, the community responded to disturbance and then returned to its initial state. Sixty nine percent of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between environments. Overall, forest samples and grassland samples presented the same diversity and the clustering analysis did not show the occurrence of very distinctive bacterial communities between environments. However, we detected eleven OTUs in statistically significant higher abundance in the forest samples but in lower abundance in the grassland samples and twelve OTUs in statistically significant higher abundance in the grassland samples but in lower abundance in the forest samples. Those results illustrate that the recent history of land use buffers against the shifts in soil bacterial community.


The determinations of incidence of benefits and costs of an urban transportation improvement and its financing are discussed. Important to policy makers are two main issues: How does one determine who benefits and who pays for transportation improvements, and how can information on the benefits and costs be used to formulate better urban transportation plans? Economists do what in welfare economics is assessment of overall benefits and costs. Policy makers are also interested in who receives these benefits and who bears the costs. Economists need to refine their methods to assure more rational public policies.


Four studies investigated the utility of finding meaning in past wrongdoing to promote intergroup reconciliation. Studies 1a, 1b, and 2 demonstrated that prompting members of perpetrator groups to engage in redemption narratives increases collective guilt and willingness to make reparations—both important in obtaining victims' forgiveness. Further, Study 2 suggests that redemption narratives (but not sense-making) increase willingness to reconcile and reduce perceived justification. Study 3 suggests that perpetrators' redemption, but not simply sense-making, narratives led victims to perceive greater change in the perpetrator group and increased victims' willingness to reconcile, but not forgive. Taken together, the present work highlights the potential for redemption narratives to serve as an intervention for past intergroup conflict, increasing the chance for intergroup reconciliation.


Natural sources of hydrocolloids may serve as healthier alternatives to modified hydrocolloids as gluten replacement in gluten-free food products. In this study, the physicochemical, antioxidant and starch-digesting enzymes inhibitory properties of gluten-free whole pearl millet flour (PMF) blended with 1.5% and 3% of either sweet detar flour (SDF, a natural source of hydrocolloids) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC, a modified hydrocolloid), and the sensory qualities of their breads were evaluated. White wheat flour (WWF) and its bread served as the control flour and bread, respectively. Amylose level and solubility index of the blends decreased, whereas their water absorption capacity, peak and final viscosity increased significantly as their proportions of SDF and SCMC increased. Total phenolics, tannins, and total flavonoids contents; DPPH•, ABTS•+ scavenging capacity, and reducing power; α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly higher in PMF and its blends with SDF and SCMC than in the WWF. Further, the blend of PMF and 1.5% SDF had a stronger α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than those of PMF and SCMC (1.5 and 3%). Although the sensory qualities of the WWF bread were better than those of PMF and its blends with SDF and SCMC, the sensory qualities of PMF-SDF and PMF-SCMC breads were comparable. The study indicates that SDF could be a good substitute for SCMC in the development of PMF-based gluten-free bread, with an enhanced starch-digesting enzymes inhibitory property, targeting celiac disease and type 2 diabetes patients.


Aim– To perform a cross sectional study on adolescent male and female population to study and compare the attitude and knowledge towards homosexuality among adolescents. Methodology– It was a cross sectional study where a group of adolescents, males and females, were selected, ranging from age 12 to 18 year. Two scales, i.e., ATLG Scale (Attitude Towards Lesbian and Gay Men Scale) and SEKHQ Scale (The Sex Education and Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire), were provided to participants and data was collected. Results– The study highlights no significant difference between the domains of attitude and knowledge towards homosexuality. Independent T test was used to statistically understand whether the difference between male and females in the domain of attitude and knowledge is significant or not. The value obtained was p>0.05, hence showing no significant difference. Also, Correlation pearson-r was used to find if there is a correlation between attitude and knowledge towards homosexuality, and the correlation was significant at the 0.01 level, hence showing a positive correlation between attitude and knowledge towards homosexuality.


The objective of the research is the development of a natural experimental design framework to examine the effects of various federal incentives on the amount and rate of civilian technological change. The research focuses on a set of federally sponsored innovations and associated government policies that influence the factors determining the ultimate commercial viability of such innovations. The recommended experiments can provide a basis to evaluate the effectiveness of various federal policies and incentive strategies in providing the adoption of federally sponsored innovations. The methodology for developing experiments entails selecting and documenting nine case studies of federal civilian RandD programs and projects expected to be commercially adapted and marketed by a private sector company primarily for the nonfederal market.


In order to solve the river erosion,sediment deposition,and other problems near groins in actual rivers,the distribution of 3Dhydraulic characteristics must be priorly studied.The gas-liquid two-phase mixture model with the large eddy model(LES)was used to numerically compute the hydraulic characteristics of flow around the L-head groins with different lengths of parallel guiding walls.The finite volume method was used to discrete the calculated region;the SIMPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations)algorithm was used to solve velocity and pressure coupling equations;and free surface was simulated by the VOF(volume of fluid)method,comparisons of the flow recirculation region and distribution of vorticity nephogram around the L-head groin with different lengths of parallel guiding walls show that the flow recirculation region behind the L-head groins is the smallest one when the length of parallel guiding wall equals to the axial length of the groin,and has no effect on the flow velocity value in the flume.Lhead groins constructed in rivers play an important role of restricting the length of recirculation,but have no effect on velocity of main flow.


Fred Kent, President of the Project for Public Spaces, once stated that to rebuild our urban communities, we have to first recreate our public places. To do this he believes we must first regain control of our public places, not by police action but by our presence. This empowering thought motivates me to ask: What do we want in a public place? What does achieving an urban quality of life mean? What makes our place a livable place and how do we preserve it?


Three homologous series with alkyl chains of 10-16 carbon atoms as hydrophobic part conjugated via an ether bond to the glycerol skeleton and the amino acids phenylalanine, histidine and tyrosine conjugated also to the glycerol via an NH bond were synthesized and characterized. The hydrophilic moiety is the carboxylic group of the aromatic amino acid, classifying consequently the whole family to the soap- type amphiphiles. The new surfactants are white clystalline solids prepared in a two steps procedure with very good yields. The availability of the applied simple synthetic procedure with aromatic amino acids in contrast to aliphatic amino acids that failed to give analogous derivatives was attributed to the complexation of the amino acid aromatic moiety with alkali ions stabilizing favorable conformations for substitution reaction. Their characterization was assigned by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The surface properties, as are the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension corresponding to this concentration (γCMC ) were measured by Wilhelmy plate technique and from these data the log of surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20mN/m (pC20) and the minimum interfacial area occupied by the surfactant molecules (Amin) were calculated and compared to the conventional soaps as well as to the members of the homologous series between them. The differences that observed are attributed to the length of hydrophobic alkyl chain in combination to the amino acid. Thus, all members of the three homologous series possess significantly lower critical micelle concentrations and surface tensions corresponding to these values compared to the typical soaps, as well as to conventional anionic surfactants. A very interesting result was taken also from the significantly lower area per molecule of surfactants with the amino acid tryptophan (literature) in contrast to all the rest with the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine. A suggestion was made that the more condensed packing of tryptophan derivatives at the water air surface is due to a different orientation of these molecules where the indole works as a polar headgroup with the NH directing toward the water face in agreement with the known peculiar role of tryptophan residues in stabilizing membrane proteins. The new amphiphiles are supposed to be ecological because they possess the glycerol skeleton and an aromatic amino acid, both existing in natural products and consequently available from renewable sources. They also have a biodegradable linear alkyl chain. Given their biocompatibility and their solubility in vegetable oils, they are promising candidates as emulsifiers for several food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Given also their solubility in alkaline water, they are proper as wetting and cleansing agents. So, they were tried as cosurfactants in O/W emulsions (10/90 v/v) using as oil phase corn oil and as emulsifier glycerol monostearate (GMS). The new cosurfactants enhanced…


This study examines juveniles' understanding of attorney-client privilege and zealous representation using a sample of committed juveniles. Since these attributes are what make an attorney's assistance valuable, an understanding of these basic concepts should be a necessary pre-requisite for any juvenile's valid waiver of the right to counsel under Miranda. The impact of respondents' various demographic attributes, exposure to the legal system and attitudes regarding the fairness of court proceedings and the outcome of their own case on their understanding of the duty to zealously represent and attorney-client privilege are analyzed. FINDINGS suggest that even among juveniles who have been through the system, various aspects of zealous representation and attorney-client privilege are not fully understood. Greater experience with the system and living in an urban area tend to correlate with greater understanding of attorney-client privilege. Urban dwellers are, however, less likely to think that it is wise for defendants to tell their attorneys the whole story. The policy implications of these results are evaluated. Available: http://npjs.org/jajjs/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/JAJJS-Article-McGuire.pdf Language: en


In an ammonia reactor, process for the preparation of ammonia at elevated pressure and temperature, including the reaction of ammonia synthesis gas in a continuous stream and reacting the synthesis gas in the beds in at least three catalytic beds; attached to each catalytic bed in the between the heat exchanger where is cooled by heat exchange intermediate synthesis gas leaving the catalyst bed and withdrawing a portion of the reaction product stream rich in ammonia, wherein the reaction stream is fed to a first catalytic bed before, with the partially converted synthesis gas is already preheated by indirect heat exchange during the intermediate cooling a first feed stream of synthesis gas, synthesis gas is the third product stream by indirect heat exchange with a second feed stream having been preheated synthesis gas, and for adjustment of the temperature of the gas stream mixed feed stream is obtained, and wherein the first feed stream is passed successively through the interbed heat exchangers for cooling the partially converted synthesis gas is.


maps but is also used to defend and mitigate environmental and social inequalities faced by women in various male-dominated industries, especially in Asian and African countries


To put the recognition of law between the law and culture has not merely opened up a new field for jurisprudential study, but also added a new method to jurisprudential study. The cultural interpretation of the law has a tendency of changing from single perspective to a two-way one, which is facilitated to promote mutual transition, demonstrating a trend of forgiving and plural method in the dialog between law and culture. Meanwhile, the jurisprudential application of cultural method also demonstrates its methodological meaning in the communication of heterogeneous law cultures and the improvement of traditional law culture.


A proof-of-principle device for producing isodose maps of the radiation field due to an arbitrary gamma-ray source distribution has been constructed. Borrowing methodology from medical computerized tomography imagining radiation fields are scanned with a pair of collimated ionization chambers by a series of rotations and translations. Experimental considerations limit each scan to two carriage positions, resulting in highly distorted maps. By modeling the map distortion as the result of a linear, space invariant degrading function, an inverse filter was used to remove the distortion. Application of the inverse filter has proved fruitful, and high-quality accurate maps have been produced.


The main objective of this research work is to use Wi-Fi to operate IR-based devices. Many modern electronics, including televisions and setup boxes, rely on infrared receivers, and each device has its own IR blaster (remote), making it difficult to have use remotes in all places. Every remote's IR frequency is unique, yet every item requires the use of a remote to operate. This is a smart IR device that can control a variety of applications including TVs, setup boxes, air conditioners, DVD players, and home theatre systems. The AVR microcontroller and Wi-Fi are used throughout the application. It can control many devices at once and be utilized by multiple individuals. It may be accessed from any device, including smart phones, PCs, Android devices, and internet-connected gadgets. It also can control over large distances. The main contribution in this research work focuses on disabled people comfortless in using the technology for their well being. It's a low-cost home automation system.


1 Assume-guarantee reasoning is a "divide-and-conquer" approach to the verification of large 2 systems that makes use of assumptions about the environment of that system's compo3 nents. Developing appropriate assumptions used to be a difficult and manual process. Over 4 the past five years, we have developed a framework for performing assume-guarantee 5 verification of systems in an incremental and fully automated fashion. The framework 6 uses an off-the-shelf learning algorithm to compute the assumptions. The assumptions are 7 initially approximate and become more precise by means of counterexamples obtained 8 by model checking components separately. The framework supports different assume9 guarantee rules, both symmetric and non-symmetric. Moreover, we have recently intro10 duced alphabet refinement, which extends the assumption learning process to also infer 11 assumption alphabets. This refinement technique starts with assumption alphabets that are 12 a subset of the minimal interface between a component and its environment, and adds ac13 tions to it as necessary until a given property is shown to hold or to be violated in the 14 system. We have applied the learning framework to a number of case studies that show that 15 compositional verification by learning assumptions can be significantly more scalable than 16 non-compositional verification. 17


The teacher helps the student to acquire knowledge. The author of this manual considers that the process of acquiring knowledge should be easy. A book is viewed as a medium to learn. If we get a book which is difficult to understand then only we digest the lessons, not learn them. So, it is essential to make a topic comprehensible for easy learning. From this point of view, the present book introduces Theory of Computation making topics understandable to students. Thus, they can find out about central concepts of Computation, Automata Theory, Types of Proof, as well as other notions relevant to the study of the theory of computation.


Solar heating of a thin-walled, spherical space vehicle, spinning in the interstellar space around an axis perpendicular to sun rays, is investigated. The interior of the vehicle is assumed to be highly evacuated, and the effect of internal radiation is included. The problem is reduced to solution of an ordinary differential equation that is linearized, and the subsequent analysis results in a series solution that may be used to obtain estimates of temperature fluctuations in the walls of the vehicle as a function of the rate of spin and of other pertinent parameters.


Additives,such as phosphoric acid,magnesium sulfate,potassium phosphate monobasic,were added to the fermentation substance in liquor production.Thus liquor yield was improved about 10%,the fermentation period was shortened 3~9 days,the favor and feeling were also improved.


This nine‐year‐old boy has a spastic diplegia related to his birth at 32 weeks gestation and to an attack of apnoea lasting four minutes soon after he was born.


Considering regular graphs with every edge in a triangle we prove lower bounds for the number of triangles in such graphs. For r-regular graphs with r ≤ 5 we exhibit families of graphs with exactly that number of triangles and then classify all such graphs using line graphs and even cycle decompositions. Examples of ways to create such r-regular graphs with r ≥ 6 are also given. In the 5-regular case, these minimal graphs are proven to be the only regular graphs with every edge in a triangle which cannot have an edge removed and still have every edge in a triangle.


Aims Deliberate self-harm is one of the common psychiatric emergencies in medical practice, and bipolar disorder carries one of the highest risks for self-harm among various other psychiatric and physical disorders. The relationship between self-harm and bipolar disorder and its risk factors has not been sufficiently studied in Pakistan and remains an area of investigation elsewhere. The objective of our study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with deliberate self-harm in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from May 2020 to April 2021. A total of 165 patients living with bipolar disorder, between the ages of 15 and 65 years, were included in our study. The diagnosis was in accordance with the criteria in International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). Deliberate self-harm was defined as a non-fatal act in which an individual deliberately causes self-injury or ingests a substance in excess of any prescribed or generally recognized dosage. This was assessed through history (during last 6 months) and physical examination performed by the psychiatrist. Sociodemographic variables like age, gender, educational status, marital status and employment status, and the clinical variable of treatment compliance, were documented. The data were recorded and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The association of above factors with the presence of self-harm in our study participants was then explored with Pearson Chi-Square test. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Out of 165 cases included in the study, 62.42% (n = 103) were male and 37.58% (n = 62) were females. The frequency of deliberate self-harm in bipolar disorder was 35.15%. In terms of association, only female gender was found to have a statistically significant relationship (p-value <0.001) with the presence of self-harm in our study. Conclusion We concluded that deliberate self-harm is a common finding in cases of bipolar disorder in Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerable subgroups, such as female patients in this study, should receive more clinical attention and safeguarding support.


COPD is characterized by a not fully reversible airflow obstruction. Recent data have shown that, besides the pulmonary limitations in COPD, specific diseases also may contribute to the clinical appearance of COPD. In this context, cardiovascular diseases, kachexia, muscle atrophy und weakness as well as osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, lung cancer, depression and anxiety are more frequent in COPD patients than in smokers without airflow limitations. Furthermore, COPD might be an inflammatory disease which rises hope to establish new targets in COPD treatment in future.


One of the central explananda in the debate on social cognition is the interpretation of other people in terms of reasons for action. There is a growing dissatisfaction among participants in the debate concerning the descriptive adequacy of the traditional belief-desire model of action interpretation. Applying this model as an explanatory model at the subpersonal level threatens to leave the original explanandum largely unarticulated. Against this background we show how Brandom's deontic scorekeeping model can be used as a valuable descriptive tool for making folk psychology explicit. Following Brandom's non-formalist and non- mentalistic account of reason discourse, we suggest that the process of making sense of others is best captured as proceeding from a 'factive' baseline. According to this picture the ascription of beliefs and desires is not the default interpretation strategy, but rather the result of prior scaffolding of the agent's deontic score. We close by discussing Brandom's model in the light of empirical findings on the ontogeny of reason attribution.


The change in the dimensions of a component with the change in temperature is described by a quantity called thermal elongation. It is one of the basic properties of every material and it is necessary to take it into account when designing a specific component for a given application. Sometimes higher thermal elongation is considered a positive property, but in most applications, there is an effort to reduce the magnitude of thermal elongation with increasing temperature. Incorrect design can result in component failure or destruction. The following research includes the two most important aluminum sub-eutectic Al-Si alloys, namely AlSi7Mg0.3 and AlSi7Mg0.6 used in the automotive and aerospace industries. They were chosen due to their very good technological and mechanical properties. The silicon content in these alloys is 5-3% by weight. The alloys will be analyzed and their elongation curves will be measured in the temperature range -14 to 400 oC and the morphology of the structure. To further improve the structure, grains and thus the resulting properties, the modification of alloys with strontium or AlSr10, titanium inoculation with AlTi5B1 and, last but not least, heat treatment hardening and subsequently a combination of these individual treatments will be used. Again, a morphological analysis will be performed to determine the changes in the structure after individual treatments and to measure the dilatation of the treated alloys in a given temperature range and to measure the coefficient of thermal elongation. The achieved measured results will be compared to determine the appropriate treatment of alloys to reduce the overall coefficient of thermal elongation, or to reduce the coefficient of thermal elongation for a certain temperature range.


In Tohoku University Hospital, primary or metastatic lung cancers with the respiratory motion of more than 1 cm were treated with SRT (stereotactic radiotherapy) under ABC (active breathing control: ABCSRT). The local control rate and lung toxicity treated with ABC-SRT were analyzed. The indication of ABCSRT is as follows: tumor size in largest diameter ≦5 cm, motion distance ≧1 cm, and patient's consent to treatment. Nineteen patients (average age: 58.2 years, male 12: female 7) with 25 lesions were enrolled to ABC-SRT during March 2000 and July 2004. Patients with primary lung cancer were four, the others with metastatic cancer. Prescribed doses were 45 Gy/3 fr or 60 Gy/8 fr at the isocenter. ABC-SRT was successfully done for all patients except one patient who failed to be given the prescribed dose (only 45 Gy/6 fr were administered). In 24 lesions with complete treatment, the control rate in 1/2/4 years was 94.1%/74.0%/74.0%, respectively. In tumors <2.5 cm size in largest diameter, the control rate was 90.0%, ≧2.5 cm, 42.9%, tendency of significance (p=0.0579) was observed. One patient developed grade 2 pneumonitis (RTOG: Radiation Therapy Oncologic Group/EORTC: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer), who was then orally medicated with steroid to cure. The others developed grade 0-1 pneumonitis. Although 10 of 19 patients were treated with chemotherapy, the lung toxicity was relatively light. Reduction of PTV by ABC seem to reduce the lung toxicity. In tumors <2.5 cm size in largest diameter, good control rate was acquired compared to the tumors ≧ 2.5 cm in size. We're going to analyze the lung toxicity treated without ABC-SRT to compare the present results.


We discuss recent results on asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials, stressing their spectral aspects and similarity in two cases considered. They are polynomials orthonormal on a finite union of disjoint intervals with respect to the Szegö weight and polynomials orthonormal on R with respect to varying weights and having the same union of intervals as the set of oscillations of asymptotics. In both cases we construct double infinite finite band Jacobi matrices with generically quasiperiodic coefficients and show that each of them is an isospectral deformation of another. We find also the Integrated Density of States and the Lyapunov Exponent of Jacobi matrices via the quantities, entering the asymptotics. Basing on these results and their certain developments, we study then the variance and the characteristic functional of linear eigenvalue statistics of unitary invariant Matrix Models of n× n Hermitian matrices as n→∞. Assuming that the test function of statistics is smooth enough, we show first that if the support of the Density of States of the model consists of q ≥ 2 intervals, then in the global regime the variance of statistics is a quasiperiodic function of n as n→∞ generically in the potential, determining the model. We show next that the exponent of the characteristic functional in general is not 1/2 × variance, as it should be if the Central Limit Theorem would be valid, and we find the asymptotic form of the characteristic functional in certain cases. We give also the asymptotic form of the variance of linear eigenvalue statistics of hermitian matrix models in the intermediate and the global asymptotic regimes of Random Matrix Theory and argue that the


Microbial Alpha amylase is highly demanded industrial enzyme in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, food, textile and detergents, etc. In this study optimized alpha amylase Production by a strain of Bacillus Subtilis MAFE 118079 in solid state fermentation (SSF) was initiated and Rice bran was used substrate for alpha amylase production. Linear multiple regression analysis showed that maximum amount of amylase production is 1457.7 U/g in 48 h. process optimized enzyme titre, which was maximum (2311.1 U/g) with pH:7 when SSF was carried out at 37°C for 48 h using a substrate with 75% initial moister. Supplementation different carbon sources the soluble starch and glucose enhanced enzyme production (Which was maximum 2311.1 U/g) with 1%. And studied on the effect of different nitrogen sources results were showed a positive impact on enzyme synthesis. In different mineral sources calcium which has result in maximum enzyme production shows (1502.2 U/g) with 0.1%. The results of present study suggest that Bacillus subtilis MAFE 118079 can be used for the alpha amylase production to cover the growing need of this enzyme in detergent industrial purposes.


The British Library was established in 1973 from organisations with much longer histories. One of these was the Library of the British Museum which was founded in 1753. Since then the collections of the British Library have developed, until today it is one of the major libraries in the world. It is best known for its collections of books and periodicals and there are over 600 kilometres of shelving to hold these. Possibly less well known are the collections of nearly 1.5 million music scores, two million maps, three million microforms, 32 million patent specifications and about 40 million stamps.


Many real-world voting systems consist of voters that occur in just two different types. Indeed, each voting system with a "House" and a "Senat" is of that type. Here we present structural characterizations and explicit enumeration formulas for these so-called bipartite simple games.


The classical Tonks-Langmuir one dimensional (1D) free fall ion model of sheath is adapted and generalized to two dimensional (2D) geometries, giving a rigorous base to ion tracing codes. The reduction of integro-differential equations to a coupled system of partial differential equation (PDE), suitable for 2D applications, is performed. The distinction between plasma core and frontal plasma is naturally introduced. Numerical results of this model (still limited to positive ion case for simplicity) and comparisons with an ad hoc developed tracing code are given.


In practical control problems it is often desirable to make setpoint changes without overshoot. In this paper necessary and sufficient conditions are presented which guarantee that linear state-space models will not exhibit overshoot. Several examples illustrate the utility and simplicity of the new results.


Water pollution is a serious problem in China and abroad. Revealing the source types and their spatio-temporal characteristics is the premise of effective watershed management and pollution prevention. Since the national control unit can better match the administrative division, it was useful for the manager to control water pollution. Taking the Fenhe River Basin as the research area, a SWAT model based on the national control unit was established in this study to reveal the current situation of water quantity and quality. Then, in combination with the differential evolution algorithm, the dynamic water environment capacities of each control unit were further discussed. The results showed that the flow upstream was lower, only 7.62–8.40 m3/s, but flow in the midstream and downstream increased to 17.58 m3/s and 18.32 m3/s. Additionally, the flow in tributaries was generally lower than that in the main stream, the flow in unit 6 and unit 11 were only 0.23 m3/s and 0.62 m3/s. The water quality upstream could meet the water quality requirements of drinking water sources, but the pollution in the midstream was the most serious after passing through Taiyuan City, the concentration of NH3-N and TP reached to 6.75 mg/L and 0.41 mg/L. The results of water environmental capacity showed that the residual capacity of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in the main stream were positive, indicating that the Fenhe River Basin can accommodate the current pollution load in general, but there was an obvious difference in different months of the year. Especially in the wet season, the non-point source (NPS) pollution problem in the midstream and downstream was more prominent, resulting in a high-capacity consumption rate. It showed that in Taiyuan, Jinzhong, and Linfen Yuncheng in Shanxi Province, should be wary of non-point source pollution. In addition, the water environmental capacity of different units also varied greatly. The capacity consumption of the Taiyuan Section in the midstream was the highest, which mainly occurred in the wet season. The negative values of the residual capacity of NH3-N and TP reached the highest, −131.3 tons/month and −12.1 tons/month. Moreover, the capacity consumption downstream also reached 21–40% of the whole year in the wet season. In addition to the impact of NPS pollution in the wet season, due to the impact of point source pollution, units 8, 9, and 10 downstream had high negative residual capacity in the dry season, especially in January and February. The construction of a SWAT model based on control units and the further analysis of dynamic water environment capacity could provide technical support for Fenhe River Basin management to realize accurate pollution control.


To solve the problem that particle swarm optimization algorithm is apt to trap in local optimum,a novel cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.In order to overcome the drawback of basic PSO,such as being subject to falling into local optimization,being poor in performance of precision and lack of diversity,an improved PSO,including the strategy for decreasing inertia weight and mutation operator,is proposed.The test experiments for solving min-max location problem show that the proposed solution can effectively reduce the cost of location problem,and has good application value.


Objective
To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and recurrence of urolithiasis.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in urinary stone patients from March 2008 to February 2012.Patients were divided into MS group and non–MS group according to the diagnose criteria of metabolic syndrome (2007 version) by the joint committee for developing Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults.The patients were followed up for 24–72 months (median 47 months) since operation.The difference of stone recurrence was compared between the 2 groups.

Results
Two hundred and eighteen patients with urinary stone disease were enrolled.Of them, 52 patients were diagnosed with MS.Stone recurrence occurred in 29 patients (55.8%) of MS group, whereas 66 patients (39.8%) of non–MS group suffered stone recurrence.It demonstrated the median recurrence free survival of group MS and non–MS was 36 months and 59 months by Kaplan–Meier analysis, respectively (Log–rank test, P=0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis results revealed that MS was significantly associated with stone recurrence (HR 1.817, 95%CI 1.105–2.988, P=0.011), however, the gender (P=0.336), age (P=0.246) and recurrence urolithiasis at first visit (P=0.051) were not associated with stone recurrence.

Conclusions
MS is an independent risk factor for urinary stone recurrence. It is suggested that the treatment of MS may have a important role in prevention of stone recurrence in MS patients with urolithiasis.

Key words:
Metabolic syndrome; Urinary calculi; Recurrence


Using Fuzzy-Neural network eliminates the need for mathematical modelling and allows easy realization of a solution. With this solution the control quality level of cheaper universal motors will be the same as in the case of more expensive universal motors. Some deficiencies of this motor have been partly eliminated which arise from the fact that this motor type is mainly designed (its windings are wound in such a way) so as to be optimal for a single revolution speed.