The configurational characteristics of thermomagnetically written domains under a static laser irradiation condition were observed by using a polarizing microscope. The shapes of the domains were categorized into three distinctly different types: (1) circular domains with size almost independent of the applied field, (2) domains growing in size and assuming smoother boundaries with increasing applied field, and (3) domains unrecordable at any condition. It was confirmed that the domain configurations were determined mainly by which one was the dominant controlling factor between demagnetizing and domain wall energy at elevated temperatures in the thermomagnetic recording process. The bit shape irregularity found in some alloys of TbFe was attributed to nonuniformity in magnetic properties inherent in the amorphous structure. >


Parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways may be assessed by using different electrophysiologic tests. Sympathetic skin potentials (SSP) are elicited with peripheral electrical stimulation (e.g. median nerve or pudendal nerve). SSP are recorded from the skin of the hand and foot and from the genital skin. Skin responses were always obtained from normal volunteers. Absence of SSP is one of the earliest findings in neurogenic impotence. Electromyography of corpora cavernosa is described with a new method. A new corpora cavernosa response to pudendal nerve stimulation is described. This test appear to have application in the evaluation of neurogenic impotence.


Spherical-impact damage to two silicon nitrides is investigated. Gas-pressure-sintered silicon nitride exhibits an elastic response to impact by spherical partially stabilized zirconia particles, resulting in Hertzian cone-crack initiation in the sintered body. Pressureless-sintered silicon nitride, on the other hand, demonstrated an elastic/plastic response, with median/radical-crack initiation. These differences in behavior are due to their microstructural differences as well as to the different hardness values of the silicon nitrides in relation to those of the PSZ spheres. The postimpact bend strength of silicon nitrides is also degraded when crack length exceeds the inherent flaw size.


Surprisal analysis is applied to the very forward electron scattering data on THe, for which the three-body theory fails to explain the excitation function. This discrepancy is often attributed to higher momentum components in the wave function of THe. An explicit expression for the final state densities including the nucleon and pion degrees of freedom is proposed. The present surprisal analysis succeeds in reproducing the experimental data without calling upon higher momentum components and suggests that even in the so-called quasielastic scattering region, not only nucleons but also a considerable number of pions are emitted in electron scattering.


The chapter discusses about the clustering of sensor nodes for various apphcation requirements in the WSN. It provides a clustering technique using neural networks. Kohonen self organizing map neural network (KSOM-NN) is used for clustering. The sensor node parameters, network parameters and application requirements are considered for clustering of sensor nodes in WSN. Section 3.1 introduces the clustering concept in wireless sensor network. Section 3.2 discusses on the prior attempts of the related work in clustering in WSN. Section 3.3 discusses on clustering concepts, its advantages, attributes, etc. Section 3.4 discusses on neural network concepts that is used in the clustering of sensor nodes in WSN. Section 3.5 gives the proposed clustering technique using neural networks and illustrates on clustering in WSN using neural network. Section 3.6 discusses about simulation and results. Finally, section 3.7 makes concluding remarks of this chapter.


An evaluation device (51) for a path length is arranged to evaluate a measurement signal (15) having an intensity of a sequence of pulses of electromagnetic radiation, in particular a sequence of light pulses, after passing through a measured path length (12, 13) as a function of time represents. The sequence of pulses is generated by a radiation source, especially a light source (2) with a repetition rate. The evaluation device (51) is arranged to a first component (73) of the measurement signal (15) oscillating at a first frequency and a second component (75) of the measurement signal (15) which oscillates at a second frequency that is greater than the first frequency to evaluate. The first frequency of the repetition rate or a multiple of the repetition rate may correspond. The second frequency may correspond to a further multiple of the repetition rate.


Submission: http://antibiotics.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/abstract‐submission.php NOTE: Program Shedule is subject to change with final allotment of the speaker slots Inaugural Address Keynote/Plenary Talk 1 Keynote/Plenary Talk 2 Keynote/Plenary Talk 3 6 Speakers (20 Mins Each) Coffee/Tea Break 10.40‐10.55 (Networking) 5 Speakers (20 Mins Each) 3rd World Congress and Exhibition on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance July 31-Aug 01, 2017 Milan, Italy


The dimension parameters of impeller,the clearance between impeller and casing tongue,and the clearance between impeller and casing of cross flow fan which affect its performance have been tested respectively in air conditioner.The optimal structure parameters of cross flow fan which improved its aerodynamic and acoustic performance were obtained.


ABSTRACT: Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non‐metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al2(SO4)3*(14H2O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure‐treated and three of the sludge‐treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge‐treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first‐order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.


The resistivity measurement, DTA analysis, refinement of the crystal structure, and examination of the X-ray diffuse scattering have been carried out on the β-phase of the sodium vanadium bronze. A resistivity minimum was observed around 200 K. The peak position of the logarithmic derivative of the resistance and an anomaly in the DTA curvature indicate that a metal-insulator transition occurs at about 130 K. The X-ray diffuse scattering shows a tendency of the sodium atoms toward cluster formation. It is concluded that the β-phase of sodium vanadium bronze is neither a simple one-dimensional metal nor a simple semiconductor, but can be-have partly as a one-dimensional metal and partly as an anisotropic semiconductor.


This paper examines industry responses in Australasia and Europe to the growing practice of ambush marketing, to establish whether the measures that have been put in place to deter the practice have indeed prevented the 'ambush' effect, whereby audiences associate non-sponsoring organisations with particular sporting events. Although some of these measures may be more effective than others in blocking ambush attempts, they also come with potentially negative consequences for event sponsors.


Summary form only given. An inner magnetic shield (IMS) is set inside a cathode ray tube (CRT) to reduce the disturbance from outside of the CRT, such as geomagnetism. The eddy current induced in the IMS due to the changing current in the deflection coil may affect the flux distribution in the CRT. The eddy current is also induced in the electron gun when coils for velocity modulation (VM) are set near the gun. Although the effect of the eddy current is important, reports about the analysis of this phenomenon are few. In this paper, the effect of the eddy current in the IMS and electron gun on flux distribution in the CRT is analyzed by using the 3-D finite element method.


The article provides an analysis of the restructuring and reform process in the Jiu Valley mining in the context of national reforms.


Communication of research findings is the last and arguably the most influential step of the scientific process. This is especially true for biodiversity science, in which new species descriptions and introduction of new taxonomic names happens through publication, as governed by the International Codes. Despite the strict rules for naming new taxa and revising existing taxonomic nomenclatures within scholarly literature, there is no system for keeping track of these changes and information often remains locked within the text of thousands of scattered journal articles. This talk presents OpenBiodiv-O, the first ontology which conceptually models the biodiversity publishing domain and through its application in the semantic graph database OpenBiodiv contributes to knowledge management of this domain.
 In combination with already existing ontologies for biodiversity and publishing (e.g. DarwinCore-based ontologies, SPAR ontologies), resource types introduced by OpenBiodiv-O help to create a link between these two domains. The ontology models the general structure of a research article, including sections specific to taxonomic articles, such as the treatment section, as well as other conceptual entities from taxonomy, like scientific names and taxonomic concepts. Thus, OpenBiodiv-O links scientific names to the corresponding article section in which they are mentioned via the class Taxonomic Name Usage and helps to discover hidden relationships between names. In addition, OpenBiodiv-O models the article metadata, such as the author names, affiliations and unique identifiers. The orcid class from the recently introduced Datacite ontology within OpenBiodiv-O models the ORCID of authors and will enable the future disambiguation of authors and linking with other platforms using ORCID.
 OpenBiodiv-O has been applied to the biodiversity knowledge graph OpenBiodiv, which is based on a Linked Open Dataset, created from Pensoft's journal articles and Plazi's treatments. Publishing of semantically enhanced scholarly literature as XML enables the conversion of semi-structured narrative into connected Resource Description Framework (RDF) statements. The ontology serves as a skeleton for the transformation of more than 729 million statements into a Linked Open Dataset. Reusing of existing ontologies within OpenBiodiv-O helps to establish a link between OpenBiodiv-O and other ontologies and facilitates federated querying between OpenBiodiv and other knowledge graphs. The application of OpenBiodiv-O towards a working solution for the biodiversity publishing domain demonstrates the potential of ontology modelling for data organisation and management.


The objective of this paper is to evaluate the existing level of latent demand or unmet need for contraception in the study population in the hope that a relatively accurate estimate of the unmet need will enable planners to formulate more realistic targets. The data were collected from a Rural Fertility and Female Economic Activity Survey carried out in 1984 which used 2 definitions for unmet need criteria. A little over 15% of the currently married women of reproductive age reported the use of contraception at the time of the survey. Among all women who did not want additional children about 32% were in the unmet need group as compared to 37% in 1983. The 2 conclusions drawn from the above findings are 1st that the levels of unmet need are not exceptionally different using the 2 definitions and 2nd that a comparison of these measures from different data sources is not a simple matter. The % of women in the unmet need group was consistently higher among those aged 30 and above than among those below 30. Among women aged 40-44 the level of unmet need dropped sharply the reason for which is difficult to establish. Differences in unmet need by open birth intervals were considerable. For example women with shorter birth intervals had higher unmet needs than women with longer birth intervals. Such information will be helpful to managers in planning and administering programs.


M OST WHO COMMENT on Puritan writers, especially on Edward Taylor, seem to gravitate toward a discussion of their wretchedness. These writers were apparently sunk in lethargy, profoundly melancholic, radically uncertain about themselves and their religion. This emphasis on the disturbed or the insecure leads to a corresponding claim that Puritan writing is highly dramatic because it centers on the trauma of conversion.1 This focus on insecurity and doubt, however, does not adequately explain Taylor's motivation for writing poetry, why he felt compelled to declare


We discuss, in this review, the existing models for the production of QGP in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions. We shall try to give a brief description of the models available for the pre-equilibrium production of QGP, ranging from soft process dominated QCD regime to the pQCD dominated regime. We also present the estimates for the initial energy density, the temperature and the thermalisation time -- available from each of these studies. Finally, we shall address the questions regarding thermalisation, color equilibration and chemical equilibration of the produced QGP in different experimental
facilities.


A set of food samples with different percentage compositions of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates were digested in a single microwave digestion batch and analyzed to determine elemental concentrations using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP-optical emission spectroscopy (OES) using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM) 4.7 (for ICP-MS) and FDA EAM 4.4 (for ICP-OES). Built-in software tools were used to streamline the analytical workflow, which is especially useful for new or less experienced users running these methods. Processed foods often contain high concentrations of some elements and trace amounts of others, so a wide analytical range is required. The ICP-MS method used to analyze the varied samples in this work was new. To ensure optimum setup of the ICP-MS method, semi-quantitative results were used to assess the solid content of the food digests before the sample preparation dilution was finalized. The same food samples were analyzed using ICP-MS and ICP-OES and the two methods were compared.


Has conducted research on the study of coprecipitation Co(II) using copresipitan Al(OH) 3 by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. This study aims to find the optimum conditions such as pH coprecipitation, volume of coprecipitan and the volume of nitric acid as eluent and to see efect of Ni(II) to coprecipitation Co(II). Results of analysis using SSA coprecipitation prove that the optimum conditions obtained in a relatively at base pH of the solution that is pH 8, where the condition is colloidal Al(OH) 3 formed maximum. At acidic pH colloid formation process is not maximized, while at higher pH colloids formed will dissolve again into tetra hidroksoaluminat ions. Maximum Coprecipitan volume occurs at 12 mL Al 3+ 0,2 M, which is the case in vulome maximum absorption of  Co 2+ 50 mL 1 ppm by 2,0 mmol colloidal Al(OH) 3 while at higher volumes there is a reduction of the metal cation uptake due to competition between the Al metal is more electropositive and have fingers ion is smaller than the cations Co(II). The optimum conditions of volume nitric acid as eluent  occurred on volume of 1 mL with absorption capacity by Al 3 was 0.0905 mg / g, where as in the volume of eluent managed to extract maximum metal cations while the volume is higher dilution solution causes a decrease in the concentration of metal cations soluble in the eluent. The addition of nickel metal ions affect coprecipitation of metal kobalt  because cobalt and nickel  is a 3d transition which has a tendency of the same characteristic.


A mechanical device designed to simulate the human mastication of chewing gum was used to evaluate the enamel polish, dentin abrasion, and reduction in enamel solubility produced by several commercial gums, as well as experimental gums incorporated with various additives. The results demonstrated that this mastication device was suitable for evaluating in vitro the physical and chemical effects of chewing gums on teeth.


Abstract:My research explored an African American and Puerto Rican family's responses to the text Down These Mean Streets (2016), written by and about a dark-skinned Puerto Rican named Piri Thomas. I designed this research to explore the ways Afro Latinx readers in the Velez family found relevance in a text written by a dark-skinned Latinx author based on their own individualized racial, ethnic, gender, and cultural identities; in what ways their individual textual interpretations compared to those of other members of the same family; and how reading a text written by and about someone of similar racial/ethnic identity affected each reader's own identity formation. The counter-stories provided by my family and the autoethnographic information about myself were used to interrupt the dominant narrative of a lack of early literacy among Hispanic families and add diverse perspectives to existing understandings of reader response theory. While it is important to foreground issues of race and racism in reader response analysis, I suggest an intersectional approach that incorporates multiple identities. Results suggest that while there were individual differences in how readers interpreted the text, most family members felt cultural validation after reading the text and experienced pride in the family tradition of the book being passed from father to child.


Background & objectives: Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be an integral part of the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance as a central pathogenic factor. We studied anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance and metabolic co-variates in subjects with NAFLD as compared to those without NAFLD, and also developed a prediction score for NAFLD.


The fire had broken out on February 18th, 2003 at Daegu subway is caused by incendiaries. It might be ended as a typical fire happening but proceeded to the disaster because of the inappropriate system of disaster prevention we had taken, the lack of understanding and specialization we were. Thus we try to find out the whole settlement proceeding of the disaster. The investigation and analysis of the disaster is following: Settlement proceeding and controlling Reaction and rescue system of the government and related organizations Behaviors of the survivor Mechanical system of the subway station


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Socioscientific Issues learning approach to improving students' creative thinking ability. Learning with the Socioscintific Issues approach needs to be trained because it not only develops creative thinking skills, but also other abilities can be developed such as critical thinking skills, decision-making and arguing ability. The research method that will be used is quasi experiment with Design Nonequivalent Control Group. This research was conducted at State Junior High School 6 Sukabumi with research population that is class VII (Seven). The sampling technique used is Purposing Sampling. Indicators of creative thinking that is sensitivity, thinking smoothly, thinking flexible, original thinking and thinking detailing. The results showed that the average value of N-gain of the experimental class was 0.56 higher than the control class of 0.44. The results of the z test show that the data produced in accordance with the criteria is zhitung = 3.177> ztabel = 1.998 with a trust level of 0.05 (5%), meaning H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means that the Socioscientific Issues learning approach influences the creative thinking ability of learners water pollution material. The response of learners to the learning approach Socioscientific Issue gave a positive response on the approach of learning approaches Socioscientific Issues.Keywords: Creative Thinking, Socioscientific Issues.


The article looks at the position of the Crimean Tatars, seventy years after their mass Deportation from Crimea in 1944, and twenty-five years since they were able to begin to return to Crimea in 1989. It concentrates on the politics of their position since Viktor Yanukovych was elected President of Ukraine in 2010, looking at arguments within their ranks and at government attempts to play 'divide and rule'.


been proven cancerous preoperatively that more than 50 per cent of 'suspicious' lun g lesions rem oved for diagnosis from patients over the age of 50 are clearl y cancer when exa mined histologically. It should be noted also that the present operat ive mortal ity for excision-biopsy of lung lesions wh ich are found to be benign is extremely low in experienced hands, probably in the range of 1/3 of 1 per cent or 3 or 4 deaths per thousand. And finally, when fortunate circumstan ces lead to detection of a 'questionable' lung lesion on X -ray, one with out definite signs of ca ncer, with or without the pre sence of pulmonary symptoms, when no other cau se is definitely provabl e, especially if the pat ient is a male past 40 years of age and smokes cigarettes, then we should not forget the opportunity for possible cure, and should recogn ize that for earliest diagnosis and best overall results well over half of such lung lesions removed will not be cancer, and that some operative mortality, sma ll but definite, will occur for those with non-cancerous lesions.


Field examples of fault‐related folds were observed in the south‐western margin of the Sirt basin, south‐central Libya. Single or paired (conjugate) monoclines, drape synclines, special drag faults can be put in a geometric and evolutionary model, which describes the propagation of basement faults to overlying sediments. At the first stage of evolution the propagating normal or oblique‐slip faults show segmentation along‐dip direction. Fault segments are separated by continuous, moderately to strongly bended horizons, which show different degrees of diagenesis than surrounding intervals. Fault‐related folding and faulting was coeval with lithification of certain carbonate levels. Their gradual cementation increased the rigidity of layers promoting discrete faulting and breaching of fault‐related folds. However, folding can be maintained up to the extent when layer dip approaches the dip of the propagating fault zone. This type of deformation can be characteristic for sequences consisted of lithified carbonates sandwiched between thicker marl/shale intervals.


I am planning to edit a book with the tentative title of Notable Physicians And Their Faith, and am seeking contributors to this book. I believe that physicians can and would want to share their faith, for the benefit of other physicians and the public. Anyone interested in contributing to this book, please write to me at the following address:


An algorithm for solving a discrete-time Wiener-Hopf equation is presented based upon Euclid's algorithm. The discrete-time Wiener-Hopf equation is a system of linear inhomogeneous equations with a given Toeplitz matrix M, a given vector b, and an unknown vector \lambda such that M\lambda = b . The algorithm is able to find a solution of the discrete-time Wiener-Hopf equation for any type of Toeplitz matrices except for the all-zero matrix, while the Levinson algorithm and the Trench algorithm are not available when at least one of the principal submatrices of the Toeplitz matrix M is singular. The algorithm gives a solution, if one exists, even when the Toeplitz matrix M is singular, while the Brent-Gustavson-Yun algorithm only states that the Toeplitz matrix M is singular. The algorithm requires O(t^{2}) arithmetic operations for t unknowns, in the sense that the number of multiplications or divisions is directly proportional to t^{2} , like the Levinson and Trench algorithms. Furthermore, a faster algorithm is also presented based upon the half greatest common divisor algorithm, and hence it requires O(t \log^{2} t) arithmetic operations, like the Brent-Gustavson-Yun algorithm.


SummaryBackground and objective: Physical activity affects people with Multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in a positive way. The number of studies that shows if yoga is a suitable activity with positive effects for PwMS is still inadequate. The attention with this study was to examine the feasibility of a tutorled groupyoga with 2 sessions per week for 8 weeks combine with homepractice and the feasibility as well as relevance of choosen measurements and assessments to detect change in fatigue, balance, walking ability and quality of life for PwMS. Method: A feasibilitystudy of an intervention with measurements taken before and after was conducted. 15 people from two clinics in Stockholm were invited and 12(80%) accepted. Timed Up and Go (TUG), postural stability and reaching ability with swajmeter were selected for function. Patientrelated assessments were Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12), The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FMCF), Euroqual EQ-5D and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29). Compliance to anticipation as well as prospective falls were measured and by the attendents noted in a logbook. After completed intervention the attendants described the experiance with tutorled groupyoga vs homepractice, possible effects, future interest in attending medical yoga, the study´s design and the extention of measurements and intervention. Results: All of the attendants completed the intervention and the compliance in the groupled yoga was good with 88% attendance. The compliance of homepractice varied greatly from one to several times per week. No falls were rapported. The yoga practice was highly appreciated, all of the attendants wished to continue to yoga and recommended PwMS to try. Most of the choosen methods and assessments including the loggbook were found to be doable both by the attendants and the assistant. Some parts of the postural stability tests were found to be too difficult for this group, as well as ABC. Even though the intervention included few attendants, small improvements were noted in functional balance through TUG (p=0.006) and patient reported level of psycological and physical function through MSIS-29 (p=0.01). Conclusion: The feasibility and compliance of an 8-week tutorled groupyoga was good but the compliance of home practice varied amongst the attendants. To evaluate the effects of medical yoga for this group of patients the tutorled yoga is adequate. TUG and parts of the postural stability seem to be relevant. The amount of patientrelated assessments need to be reduced. MSWS and MSIS-29 tend to be sensitive for change in this study. Other assessments for fatigue and quality of life should be considered.


Based on the theory of soil-structure interaction, the underground structure and surrounding soil as a system, and the finite element analysis model is established, and finite element dynamic analysis method is implemented, the three seismic acceleration time history of the different spectrum characteristics is inputted, the seismic effect on the surrounding ground of underground structure is analyzed. The results show that the effect on dynamic response is the limited range and not significant, when seismic design of structures on the surrounding sites is implemented, additional dynamic response on surrounding sites does not need to consider.


This article presents two networks that improve upon the behavior and performance of previously published sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) algorithms. The proposed networks are structurally simple, computationally efficient, guaranteed stable networks used for real-time sliding spectrum analysis. The first real-time network computes one spectral output sample, equal to a singlebin output of an N-point DFT, for each input signal sample. The second real-time network is frequency flexible, in that its analysis frequency can be any scalar value in the range of zero to one-half the input data sample rate measured in cycles per second.


TRIZ is a powerful technological innovation theory, method, and tool, and its thinking method and problem-analysis method effectively break the thinking inertia, and offer the perfect solution to problems and conflicts. This paper employs the TRIZ theory to study vacuum-sucking precise seeders of plug seedling. At present, there are two types of seeders: needle-aspiration precise seeders and plate precise seeders, but both of which have their respective disadvantages. Therefore, we develop a kind of highly automatic, vacuum-sucking plug seedling precise seeders to finish seeding and seedling on the whole assembly line continuously, increase the continuity and efficiency of seeding, and realize the seedling and seeding of different seeds on plug disks.


The task of supplying plants in vegetable farms of the Russian Federation is relevant today. There is an urgent question about the implementation of carbon dioxide fertilization of plants in protected soil structures. The low concentration of carbon dioxide in the cultivation of plants serves as a factor limiting the yield. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to develop an algorithm for the microprocessor for supplying carbon dioxide to protected ground structures using electric nozzles. (Materials and methods) Since the content of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air is only 0.03 percent, it is necessary to create an installation capable of dosing carbon dioxide. With insufficient air exchange, the CO2 content in greenhouses as a result of its intensive absorption by plants can fall below 0.01 percent and photosynthesis practically stops. The article presents the calculation to reduce the cost of protected crops using a carbon dioxide generation plant. The domestic and foreign literature have been analyzed. The article compares the characteristics of the injectors. There were described the method of calculating the number of injectors and the method of supplying carbon dioxide to the plants of the protected ground. (Results and discussion) The article presents the electrical equipment used in the installation. The electrical principle scheme of the installation includes the Mitsubishi FX2N microcontroller. The microcontroller is controlled by an algorithm for the supply of carbon dioxide. (Conclusions) It is possible to solve the problem of lack of carbon dioxide when growing plants by supplying gas with electric nozzles to the construction of a protected ground with direct control by a microcontroller. The use of electromagnetic nozzles makes it possible to dose the supplying of plants with CO2.


The gas-phase chemistry of gaseous germane/ethene mixtures has been investigated by ab initio theoretical calculations and by experiments to examine the formation and growth of germanium-/carbon-containing species. Ion/molecule reactions in GeH4/C2H4 mixtures have been studied with an ion trap mass spectrometer. Ion abundance variations as a function of reaction time, reaction paths originating from primary ions of both reagents, and reaction rate constants of the main processes have been determined. The highest yield of new Ge−C bonds formed via reactions of Ge-containing ions with ethene molecules was obtained in mixtures carrying similar amounts of germane and ethene. Reactions of GeH2•+ with ethene play a prominent role in this system. High-level theoretical methods were therefore used to determine the geometrical structures and energies of transition structures, reaction intermediates, and final products for several reaction pathways. Formation of the adduct between GeH2•+ and H2CCH2 is the initial s...


"Oaths at the place of Chanyuan" was an important event in the history of Song and Liao Kingdoms.With regard to the evaluation of it,there have been great differences in the academic field.However,reviewing from the angle of that 'many nations co-create the history',we can see even there existed negative side in it,yet it was in accordance with the people's will and conformed to the historical trend of the time,which should be fully affirmed.


Objective To study the relationship among the levels of HBV DNA,HBV markers and the liver function indexes.Methods 200 cases of HBV carriers′ serum samples were sampled.HBV DNA level was detected by FQ PCR.HBV markers were measured by ELISA,and the liver function indexes were detected in the same samples.The correlation among the three indexes was analyzed.Results With the help of the relationship analysis,the correlation coefficient of the level of HBV DNA and the liver function was r=±0.2,P0.05;As for the HBV markers and liver function,the correlation coefficient was r=±0.2,P0.05;As for the HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA level,the correlation coefficient was r=0.568,0.457,P0.01.Conclusion The level of HBV DNA in the blood serum and HBV markers is not significantly related to the liver function.There is correlation between the level of HBsAg,HBeAg and that of HBV DNA.HBsAg,HBeAg can only replicate the the situation of HBV.We shouldn′t judge the level of liver damage by the level of HBV DNA and HBV markers.It is more effective to evaluate the disease by the synthetical analysis of the liver function,the level of HBV DNA and HBV markers.


In a deregulated power systems environment, congestion management is one of the technical problem needs to maintain a system as stable condition. One of the objective functions in congestion management is N-1 contingency analysis. Using N-1 contingency analysis find out the worst line outage and analysis that line, maintain the whole system as stable after the line outage. Two types of Methodologies used in congestion Management are non-cost allowed methods and cost allowed methods. In this research work congestion is released by using cost allowed methods considering Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Device such that TCSC (Thyristor controlled series Compensator) and UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) devices. The best location of FACTS device like TCSC and UPFC are found by using sensitivity based Eigen value analysis and the performance analysis has been worked out for IEEE14 test bus systems using Matrix laboratory (MATLAB)-Power System analysis toolbox (PSAT). The result shows that the proposed approach has a capability to enhance the Voltage stability, small signal stability and minimize the real power loss in the power systems network.


With the aim of investigating the ability and possible mechanism of Chinese medicine Jinkuishenqiwan pills to inhibit the spermatgoenic arrest infertile, 100 mature male rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, model group, test group treated with high dosage of Jinkuishenqiwan pills, test group treated with middle dosage of Jinkuishenqiwan pills, and test group treated with low dosage of Jinkuishenqiwan pills. Except the normal group, the other four groups were made into model of kidney-yang deficiency by injecting hydrocortisone. Simultaneously, the treatment of Jinkuishenqiwan pills was also irrigated into the stomachs of the three treated groups. After 30 daysi¼Œthe concentration of testosterone, the sperm density and the motility rate of sperm were examined, the microstructure of testicle was observed by optical microscope. Results showed that Jinkuishenqiwan pills can inhibit the spermatgoenic arrest infertile, there exists statistical difference between test group and the model group (P<0.05). In conclusion: Chinese medicine Jinkuishenqiwan pills may have a certain therapeutic effects on the rats with kidney-yang deficiency.


New (aryl)2ECl2 and (aryl)ECl3 compounds [E = Si, Ge or Sn; aryl = 2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2
(Ar), 2,6-(CF3)2C6H3
(Ar′) and/or 2,4-(CF3)3C6H3
(Ar″)] were prepared by reactions of ECl4 with 2 equivalents of ArLi or of a Ar′Li/Ar″Li mixture. The latter gives predominantly the less sterically hindered product Ar″2ECl2 for E = Si or Ge, but Ar′2SnCl2 for the larger central atom. The products were characterised by elemental analysis, 19F and (where appropriate)
119Sn NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction for Ar″2SiCl2, ArGeCl3, Ar2GeCl2, Ar″2GeCl2, Ar2SnCl2 and Ar′2SnCl2. For E = Si the synthesis is complicated by Cl/F exchange: besides Ar′2SiCl2 and Ar″2SiCl2, 19F NMR spectroscopy identified in solution Ar″2SiF2 and Ar′2SiF2. The latter was isolated and its X-ray structure determined. In all compounds, the E atom has a strongly distorted tetrahedral coordination, supplemented by short intramolecular E⋯F contacts (secondary coordination) with o-CF3 group(s).


Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is well-known for its rapid acclimatization in hospital environments. The ability of the bacterium to endure desiccation and starvation on dry surfaces for up to a month results in outbreaks of health care-associated infections. Previously, indole and its derivatives were shown to inhibit other persistent bacteria. We found that among 16 halogenated indoles, 5-iodoindole swiftly inhibited A. baumannii growth, constrained biofilm formation and motility, and killed the bacterium as effectively as commercial antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, colistin, and gentamicin. 5-Iodoindole treatment was found to induce reactive oxygen species, resulting in loss of plasma membrane integrity and cell shrinkage. In addition, 5-iodoindole rapidly killed three Escherichia coli strains, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida albicans, but did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study indicates the mechanism responsible for the activities of 5-iodoindole warrants additional study to further characterize its bactericidal effects on antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii and other microbes.


This study had as aim to assess environmental variables of settlements benefited from the agrarian reform programs in the central region of the state of Sao Paulo. The survey was conducted in two types of settlements: Federal Settlement Project – PA (Araraquara, Iaras, Colombia and Piratininga) and Sustainable Development Project – PDS (Ribeirao Preto, Sao Carlos and Descalvado), where 60 families were interviewed. To check the environmental characteristics of the settlements, the following metrics were compiled: Environmental Score – SA per production unit and Single Variable Analysis – AI, considering five variables representative of environmental sustainability: type of fertilizer used in the production, class of fertilizers used in production, form of waste treatment in the production unit, the existence of riparian vegetation – APP (PPA – Permanent Preservation Areas) in the production unit, and type of production management. To assess the environmental effectiveness between the different types of settlements investigated here, Student's t-test (? = 0.05) was applied, using the SA values of each land parcel. The settlements classified as PA presented an average SA of 0.34 (0.21), while the PDS showed an average SA of 0.53 (0.17). This difference between the averages was corroborated by the t-test (p = 0.002), indicating differences in the environmental effectiveness of the two settlement models: from the environmental standpoint, the PDS can be considered more homogeneous than the conventional model (PA). The single variable analysis (AI) indicated differences between the two types of settlements; however, PA and PDS presented deficiencies in the parameters related to waste treatments, preservation of riparian vegetation, and production management. Keywords: Environmental indicators; Rural settlements; Environmental effectiveness.


A fixed-geometry diffuser system was designed for use in Mach 4 free-jet tests of a hydrogen-burning modular scramjet engine. The scramjet engine has a rectangular cross section that blocks up to 33 percent of the existing tunnel nozzle exit area and swept leading edges of the scramjet produce an asymmetric downward flow that sharply increases when the scramjet inlet unstarts. Effects of these conditions on the operation of the diffuser system are not accurately predictable. An experimental investigation has therefore been conducted in unheated air using a subscale model of the tunnel-scramjet-diffuser system to substantiate the design. Test results showed that the preliminary design had to be modified to obtain an acceptable configuration of the nozzle exit, test cabin, and diffuser that would provide shock-free flow at the scramjet inlet for simulated Mach 4 flight at altitudes from 16,764 to 20,422 meters.


A variety of trades or activities considered as sales occur in enterprises frequently.Because the specifications to the business considered as sales between the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the related Law of Tax is in some extent of many discrepancies and is difficult to be precisely interpreted,the mistakes are often made in tax calculation,payment and accounting practice.This article analyzes tax-related treatment of the business considered as sales according to the accounting standard and the tax law in order to provide insiders a reference.


Abstract Given the growing prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias, and the intensity of this population's care needs, it is imperative that health plans (HPs) increase their dementia-capability. The Dementia Cal MediConnect (Dementia CMC) project proposes an innovative model of health care advocacy that can create dementia-capable systems change. The Dementia CMC project was a partnership (2013 – 2018) between local Alzheimer's organizations and ten managed care HPs in California. It used the following model of health care advocacy: 1) Identify dementia-capable best practices to set as systems change indicators; 2) Identify and leverage public policies in support of systems change indicators; 3) Identify and engage champions; 4) Develop and advocate for a value and business case to improve dementia care; 5) Identify gaps in dementia-capable practices; 6) Provide technical assistance, tools, and staff training to address the gaps in dementia-capable practices; and 7) Track systems change. Systems change data was collected through participant observation with HPs and interviews with key informants. HPs reported making systems changes toward more dementia-capable practices such as: better pathways for identification and diagnosis; better identification, assessment, support, and engagement of caregivers; and improved systems of referral to Alzheimer's organizations. Some indicators of systems change were inconclusive as a result of variability in HP practices and the lack of common record systems between HPs and providers. The application of this advocacy model has led to systems changes that can be replicated to improve care for people living with dementia and their caregivers.


A natural polymer in a commercially available form (chitosan) has been tested using a factorial design of experiments for its application to cobalt recovery either in hydrometallurgy and in analytical separations. A simple mechanically stirred system has been used, evaluating the influence of the contact time, iron(II), cobalt (II), chitosan concentration, salinity, and pH in the separation. The pH value has a dramatic influence on the metal recovery from a negligible amount of metals at pH = 1.0 to a quantitative sorption at pH = 3.0. Linear relationships between sorbed metal and the variables have been determined at constant pH value and a quantitative evaluation of the metal recovery at different pH values can be performed using the maximum sorption capacity of the chitosan (a0) and the selectivity for both metals. The obtained results allow the evaluation of the recovery of metals using chitosan as solid phase.


Supersymmetry, a new symmetry that relates bosons and fermions in particle physics, still escapes observation. Search for supersymmetry is one of the main aims of the Large Hadron Collider. The present lectures contain a brief introduction to supersymmetry in particle physics. The main notions of supersymmetry are introduced. The supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model ‐ the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ‐ is considered in more detail. Phenomenological features of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model as well as possible experimental signatures of supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider are described.


We consider the adsorption of polymers on the surface of a solid, occupying the region z < 0. The usual approach to the problem is the one due to de Gennes. We show that the propagator of this approach can be represented in terms of path integrals, where the paths are unconstrained and can enter the region z < 0 too. Using this approach, we consider adsorption on a flat, but random surface-where the randomness causes the adsorption energy to be a random function of position. Using the replica trick and variational formalism, we study the size of the adsorbed polymer. To simplify the calculations, we use the ground-state dominance approximation. The calculations revealed a sudden decrease in the size of the polymer, in both the parallel and perpendicular directions, as randomness is increased beyond a certain value. Further, thesizeof the polymer in the perpendicular direction is found to become zero at a larger value of the randomness. To verify whether these are artifacts of the ground-state dominance approximation, we also did exact calculations for test cases. It was found that the sudden change in size was absent in the exact calculations. Increasing randomness leads to a smooth, continuous decrease in the size. Ultimately, however, the polymer was found to collapse in the perpendicular direction.


SMEs face tough competiton in their market, with obstacles and barriers affecting various aspects of their day –to –day activity, such as, launching and marketing new products, taking market shares away from existing and new SMEs. This is because of many reasons, ranging from their size, limited financial resources and constraints in hiring qualified personnel compared to larger enterprises. The nature of the risks faced by SMEs in their everyday activity affecting the decision making process, right implementation practices, employing the right people, and other related issues is very different from the risk faced by large businesses. In this article we will try to identify and highlight the impact of risk culture in the activity and performance of SMEs. With the aim of trying to present a complete picture of the situation we will analyse SMEs in the Gjirokastra region, focusing on their organizational framework with the purpose of identifying and highlighting the risk culture. Primary data used in this research is gathered through structured questionnaires, addresed to a number of executives. Furthermore we categorise the economic enterprises based on criteria such as number of employees, turnover, year of establishment etc, in order to facilitate the work to be done regarding the highlighting and assessing of risk culture. Moreover, we have also consulted foreign literature, which provided us with plenty of relevant information. Albanian literature regarding the identification and assessment of risk culture is very scanty, almost inexistent. At the end of this paper we reach several conclusions and make valuable recommendations regarding the most effective management of risk culture.


To assess the prognostic implications of whole‐body bone marrow MRI findings in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with a negative blind bone marrow biopsy (BMB).


'a~ • • , ." .~~' ) ... " .. Example. The purpose of this study has been to compare the understanding of groups of patients leaving a hospital pharmacy, before and after the use of a newly designedprescription label. When the present methods of instructing patients in drug taking are assessed locally, a serious problem in lack of accurate comprehension is apparent. At the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and at the Mitaboni Hospital Dispensary (MHD) in MachakosDistrict, 25% of the patients leaving the pharmacy have only a partial knowledge of how the drugs prescribed for them are to be taken; and an additional 25% have no understanding at all. Language differences and illiteracy were assumed to be important obstaclesto be overcomein designing a better method of communication. These difficulties, which have obviously dangerous consequences, may be considerably reduced by the use of a symbolic pictorial label. Prescriptions at present in use at the KNH are illustrated here, and are dispensed with an accompanying verbal explanation:


By performing the exact inverse transformation, a periodic solution to the channel model is constructed and used in an NFT-based communication system. The achievable mutual information is calculated using the non-uniform probability distribution for transmitted symbols for different link lengths.


Arunachalanad Madakannan, Arizona State University Dr. Kannan's areas of expertise and research interests include low temperature synthesis of meta stable nanoscale electrocatalysts, electrode active materials and structure-property relationships through physicochemical characterization. The focus is mainly on hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells for stationary as well as automotive applications.


Note that the multiplication is induced by multiplication in G, F and linearity. The following proposition is left to the reader. Proposition 0.1. The set (F [G], +,×) is a ring and is an F -vector space of dimension |G| with scalar multiplication compatible with group operation. Hence F [G] is an F -algebra. The algebra F [G] is non-commutative unless the group G is comutative. It is clear that the basis elements (elements of G) are invertible in F [G]. Lemma 0.2. The algebra F [G] is a not a division algebra. Proof. It is easy to find zero divisors. Let g ∈ G and let m be the order of G (the group G is finite, every element has finite order). Then (1 − g)(1 + g + g + · · · + g) = 0


In Hawaii, Zonitoides arboreus (Say) is a serious pest of potted orchids, particularly those grown in bark- or coir-based media. This snail, which feeds preferentially on roots at or near the surface, causes the plant to become unstable within the pot which makes it unmarketable. Affected plants cannot be sold until roots have regrown. There is little published information about the control of this important pest. Our primary objective was to test commercially available and experimental molluscicides for control of Z. arboreus in laboratory and greenhouse trials. Molluscicides were first tested within Petri dishes to facilitate behavioural observations related to attraction or repellency of food baits and other products added to filter paper, and mortality of snails exposed to chemicals in this manner. Promising chemicals were then tested in greenhouse trials. Chemicals tested included a wide variety of commercial products containing metaldehyde; methiocarb (a carbamate); a bait product containing iron phosphate; a copper-containing fungicide; two extracts of neem (azadirachtin and neem oil) and an experimental extract of yucca known to repel slugs and snails. There was no evidence that snails were attracted to any of the food baits. The liquid metaldehyde products and the yucca extract caused snails to withdraw immediately into their shells and avoid contact with treated filter paper for up to 1 week. Both neem products acted as phagostimulants. Best control in greenhouse trials was obtained using a liquid formulation of metaldehyde, metaldehyde granules with inert carrier containing 7.5% active ingredient or methiocarb.


The article deals with the complex and controversial problems of the new regional communities' formation and the impact of the interethnic relations sphere on them. The author notes that the processes of interaction between representatives of different cultures and civilizations, ethnic groups and religions have become increasingly controversial and tense in the context of continuous social dynamics. Similarly to the Russian society as a whole, regional communities are in a state of transitivity. They get transformed, they acquire new qualities such as multicasting and heterogeneity, multi-ethnicity and multi-confessionalism, fragmentarity and multiculturality. This fact increases the risks and uncertainties, problematizes future prospects. National non-governmental organizations are increasingly positioning themselves as civil society institutions at the present stage of social development at the regional level. They perform a difficult dual task: on the one hand, they ensure the preservation and development of history, native language, culture, ethnic traditions, and on the other hand, they work on the integration, on the common identity and the Russian nation formation. On the territory of the Volgograd region, largely due to the active cooperation of regional authorities and local authorities with national public associations, international and inter-confessional relations are stable. The basis of such activity is respect for history, native language, culture, tradition, religion, national dignity of all people in the region, regardless of their belonging to a certain ethnic group or religion. Over two decades of accumulated considerable experience of joint inter-ethnic dialogue and cooperation, provided tolerance and peace, harmony and mutual understanding between people of different ethnicities and religions in the country.


The problems of the standard model are reviewed and the motivations for introducing supersymmetry are discussed. The basic theory behind supersymmetry is described briefly, followed by an introduction of two realistic supersymmetric models; the Minimal SuperSymmetric Model (MSSM) and its proposed extension, the NMSSM. Some details of the NMSSM are stated and some constraints on parameters are described. I then explore the Higgs boson masses and couplings for some interesting scenarios, including a few different ways of taking the limit where NMSSM reduces to MSSM.


The present invention relates to a transformer, and power supply to the coreless-type device which may be used for power conversion in the power supply, at least one primary coil for wirelessly transmitting power according to a switching frequency for switching the input power supply and the at least one of spaced apart at a set interval in the primary coil and the dictionary, the coil having at least one secondary coil for determining a power conversion ratio of the at least one primary coil in accordance with the magnetic flux receiving a direct transmission from the at least one primary coil; And it proposes a transformer and a power supply apparatus including a support portion for fixing the spacing between the at least one primary coil and at least one secondary coil.


Wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling can be used to supply power to a mobile robot within a few meters of a transmitter coil. However, when the robot moves or its power consumption fluctuates, its input impedance varies and causes power reflection. Therefore, we propose the use of multiple identical driver coils on the transmitter side in order to match the input impedance. The input impedance is matched and power reflection is eliminated by switching driver coils, i.e., regulating the coupling coefficient between the driver and the transmitter. During experiments, the transmitting efficiency showed good agreement with the calculated value, and the input impedance was well-matched under assumed range of varying distances and load resistances. Therefore, the proposed system was expected to solve the power reflection issues in mobile robots automatically.


Objective To explore the risk factors of coagulase negative staphylococcus induced nosocomial infection. Methods A nested case control study was conducted among 30 patients with CNS induced nosocomial infection and other 30 control patients, they were matched by the ratio of 1 to 1 based on the same department, sex, diagnosis and similar age range less than 5 years old, time in hospital (less than 7 days). Results Four factors were significant among 14 factors: abuse of third generation cephalosporins (OR=15.984), merger with epiphyte infection (OR= 11.299 ), central vein catheter more than ten days (OR=8.876), indwelling urethral catheterization over seven days (OR=7.093). Conclusions The patients who exposed to the risk factors should be strictly monitored in order to find out infection in time.


Dear editor,

Soldiers have to face different environments according to different tasks, such as high-altitude, tropical, island and cold regions, as well as the Gobi Desert. Therefore it is necessary to consider the impact of environmental characteristics on medical service, including the


Populations of many species of amphibians. throughout the world -have declined during the past twenty years. In the arid West, Arizona's leopard frogs, which include five or six native and one introduced species, have also been documented as having declined. Although none are federally listed as Threatened or Endangered, two are Candidate species and, if declines continue, more will be listed or become Candidates. Historically, these frogs occupied a variety of permanent and semi-permanent aquatic habitats, and recent surveys indicate that populations occupying a relatively recent type of aquatic habitat, earthen cattle tanks, may play an important part in the short-term conservation of this group. The role of cattle tanks in long-term conservation planning will be dependent on their manageability and the viability of populations in earthen cattle tanks compared to more natural systems. 1) We examined the current importance of earthen cattle tanks for all native leopard frogs by comparing the frequency of extant and extirpated populations in riverine and cattle tank sites within a historical data set. 2) To evaluate population viability, we developed a simple index of viability for localities of the southeastern Arizona and Mogollon Rim populations of the Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis) using survey data collected between 19934996, then compared this index between riverine and cattle tank sites. 3) To examine the possible management implications of four non-native species on native leopard frog populations, we tabulated the frequency of encounter of non-natives during surveys of riverine and earthen cattle tanks. Our data indicated that for R. pipiens and R. chiricahuensis in southeastern Arizona, there is a significantly higher number of extant populations in cattle tanks; for R. blairi, R. yavapaiensis and Mogollon Rim form ofR. chiricahuensis, rates of occupancy between these systems do not differ. Although our data indicate that population viability ofR. chiricahuensis in southeastern Arizona cattle tanks and riverine systems did not differ, riverine systems of the Mogollon Rim form of this species were more viable than cattle tanks. Among four non-native species, we found that warm water fish, crayfish and cold water fish were significantly more common in riverine systems than tanks. For bullfrogs our data indicated no significant difference in habitat preference. With adequate precautions and monitoring, we conclude that cattle tanks will play an important role in the shortand long-term conservation of Arizona leopard frogs. A successful statewide approach to the conservation and management of Arizona leopard frogs will identify entities whose priority for conservation is highest, and apply multiple conservation approaches in an area of sufficient size, while using the best available habitats. We outline such an approach for areas we designate as Conservation and Management Zones (CMZs). CMZs are defined as discreet geographical areas within which conservation and management goals and objectives are set. Once established, activities within a particular CMZ are implemented and their effects monitored. Potential CMZ activities which Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGED) and cooperators have begun investigating are: 1) ex situ rearing of tadpoles and release of metamorphs, 2)


Objective To optimize the condition for modification of recombinant human interferon-α1b(rhIFN-α1b) with polyethylene glycol(PEG).Methods Modify rhIFN-α1b with 3 kinds of PEG derivatives of the second generation,determine the apparent relative molecular masses of PEG and the modified rhIFN-α1b,and optimize the condition for modification,such as pH value,temperature,time and dosage of PEG.The modified rhIFN-α1b was primarily separated,purified and determined for activity.Results The apparent relative molecular mass of PEG was higher than that in theory.The modification rate of rhIFN-α1b with PEG20000(92.1%) were significantly higher than that with PEG5000 or with PEG10000.The dosage of PEG and pH value showed significant influence,while time and temperature showed little influence on the modification effect.The optimal pH value for modification was 9.0,and the optimal molar ratio of rhIFN-α1b to PEG20000 was 1∶10.The mono-pegylated rhIFN-α1b reserved 14.4% of activity in vitro,while poly-pegylated rhIFN-α1b showed no activity.Conclusion The optimal PEG derivative for modification of rhIFN-α1b was screened,and the condition for modification was optimized,which laid a foundation of further study on modification of interferon with PEG.


There is a popular belief in the aviation industry that retired pilots die at a younger age than their counterparts in the general population. If this is true, research into factors associated with this career would be of interest to the FAA as indicators of possible health factors to be monitored in the pilot population. A sample of 1494 pilots who retired at age 60 from a major U.S. airline between the study dates of April 1968 to July 1993 were surveyed. The Life Table Method was chosen as the most suitable approach to analyze the pattern of mortality for this data set. Comparisons were made with the U.S. general population of 60 year-old white males in 1980. A difference in life expectancy of more than 5 years longer was found for our sample of retired airline pilots. Half of the pilots in this sample retiring at age 60 were expected to live past 83.8 years of age, compared to 77.4 years for the general population of 60 year-old white males in 1980. The authors concluded that the question of lowered life expectancy for airline cockpit crews was not supported by the results of these data.


The YK algorithm [1] is a powerful lossless data compression algorithm built on a grammar-based framework, which optimally combines entropy coding and string matching capabilities to achieve excellent compression. Experimental results demonstrate that it outperforms most other known lossless codes on essentially all types and sizes of data. Our paper proposes the use of YK algorithm for data compression in communication networks that allow compression on pipelined packet streams. Lossless data compression algorithms, including the YK algorithm, are much more effficient when they are processing relatively large amounts of similar data. High compression is not obtained immediately after a grammar is initialized, but when the compression algorithm has become tuned to the data at hand after working on a few early instances of data. One typical example of packetized data, commonly occurring over the Internet, is a sequence of HTTP requests. Although a typical HTTP request weighs in from between 200 and 400 bytes the bulk of the bytes are identical. High compression ratios are achievable when knowledge of early requests can be employed on subsequent requests. Our paper addresses the problem of compressing packetized data, under the constraint that each packet much be encoded (and decoded) independently of any subsequent packet, but dependence on previous packets is allowed to enhance compression efficiency. The sequential nature of the YK algorithm allows it to continue building the grammar across different packets of data on the same pipeline, without the need for reinitializing the grammar at the beginning of each unit of data. However, the YK algorithm is not applicable in its original form. This paper proposes two packetized versions of the YK algorithm  a greedy algorithm, and a non-greedy algorithm. Surprisingly, the more intuitive greedy algorithm leads to poor compression in applications where packetization occurs at natural data boundaries, such as in the case of HTTP requests where one packet corresponds to one request (natural packetization). However, the greedy algorithm performs slightly better in applications where packetization is performed by splitting a large data unit into multiple packets, such in the case of HTML pages (forced packetization). Simulation results using packetized YK algorithms on three data sets are tabulated below. The last two columns provide results using the original (non-packetized) YK algorithm, assuming the algorithm is allowed to run when the complete data set is available as a single file. The performance of the nongreedy packetized YK algorithm is close to that of this ideal but non-feasible algorithm.


Biopsy : (a) Mareh 1969 : " Sub-sei'ial seetions were cut into the biopsy, and these revealed the presenee of a ruptured epidermoid cyst situated in the mid and deeper dermis. There is a central ovoid mass of laminated layers of keratin, surrounded by a broad zone of chronic inflammatory gi'anulation tissue with numerous foreign body giant eells present. These extend into the edge of the underlying subcutaneous fat. Scattered through the superficial dermis are moderately numerous chronic inflammatory round cells with some polymorphs and some foreign body giant cells. These at times extend down into the deeper dermis aroimd vessels. No micro-organisms could be identified. Ruptm'ed epidermoid cyst with associated and possibly related inflammation scattered throughout surrounding dermis."


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject composition containing zofenopril or hosinopril, a thrombolytic agent and antiarrhythmic agent or the like, and useful for improving cardiac function of mammals (e.g. human, monkey, dog). CONSTITUTION: This composition contains about 0.01-100 mg/kg of zofenopril, hosinopril, or (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]1-oxohexyl]- L-proline, or salt thereof, about 0.1-100mg/kg of a thrombolytic agent (e.g. t-PA, urokinase), antiarrhythmic agent or antifibrillation agent (e.g. quinidine, procaineamide). Systemic administration of this composition during or immediately after reperfusion mitigates the myocardial arrhythmia and fibrillation before or after ischemia, and, in addition, treats arrhythmia involved in congestive heart insufficiency. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Most women living on Danish farms work off the farm and have a non-farming education and background. The first part of the paper discusses how farm women's identity is understood theoretically and then suggests a perspective inspired by theories of modernity and everyday life, enabling a view of farm women as knowledgeable actors. The second part is an empirical study, based on qualitative interviews, of how farm women who work outside agriculture experience living on a farm. The study shows that living on a farm poses specific dilemmas for these women because they individually have to reconcile practices on the farm with norms and practices they bring with them from their earlier experiences, as well as with norms associated with gender relations more generally in society. However, the women are actively trying to reconcile their different experiences and by doing so they are reconstructing female identity and, in turn, gender identity in agriculture.


Summary S3-, S5-, S9- (=Sc-), Sf-, Sg- and Sh (=S24)-alleles in the wild apple were deduced by using S-allele-specific-polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Within the alleles, the deduced amino acid sequence of Sg 9-RNase in Sg-allele of Malus transitoria differed by one amino acid from that of Sg-RNase in Sg-allele of M. × domestica 'Indo'. From the cross pollination analysis of M. transitoria and M. × domestica 'Indo', and S-allele-specific-PCR-RFLP analyses of their progenies, it was indicated that the pistil Sg 9 RNase in M. transitoria rejected the pollen of Sg-allele from 'Indo'. A difference of one amino acid within the RHV region produced by natural mutation was not enough to generate a new S-allele. This is the first report in the literature concerning S-allele diversification in the apple.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical disease correlated with a deficiency of insulin secretion or action. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The global burden of diabetes is rising due to increasing obesity and population aging. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common microbial infections known to affect the different parts of the urinary tract accounting for major antibacterial drug consumption. About 150 million UTI cases were diagnosed every year. Urinary tract infections are the most important and most common site of infections in a diabetic patient. Diabetic patients have been found to have a 5-fold frequency of acute pyelonephritis at autopsy than non-diabetics. Most of the urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes are relatively asymptomatic. The presence of this syndrome predisposes to much more severe infections, particularly in patients with acute ketoacidosis, poor diabetic control, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, vasculopathy, and nephropathy. The Gram-negative aerobic bacilli are the large group of bacterial pathogens that cause UTI with few species of Gram-positive bacteria. However, some fungi, parasites, and viruses have also been reported to invade the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection affects women more than men due to several factors such as proximity of the genital tract to the urethra, anatomy of the female urethra, sexual activity, menopause, and pregnancy. Other possible risk factors of UTI include allergy, obesity, diabetes, past history of UTI, contraceptive use, catheter use, and family history.


In previous work, time domain algorithms were proposed to adaptively estimate a rational and orthonormal spanning of rational source and noise subspaces using a cascadable lossless structure. However, they apply only if the additive channel noise occurring at the receiver sensor array is a spatially and temporally white multivariate process. We propose a new approach in the case where the `useful' signal is corrupted by an additive spatially and/or temporally non-white noise. The source and noise subspaces are characterized by the mean of fourth order statistics under pragmatic assumptions on the sources and noise distributions. A new adaptive algorithm is deduced and its satisfactory asymptotical convergence properties are proved.


Presently focus on the assessment of implants has moved away from the aspects of biological tolerance and become concentrated on dynamics and aesthetics. There is no doubt that the permanence of implants is largely dependent upon the maintainence of good oral hygiene, and the extent of control. This report deals with the occlusal contact factors presented in a situation where one side of the lower mandibular edentulous area has been reconstructed. Furthermore, we examined the direction in which the changes in method were taking, and the effects an implant had on the surrounding supporting area.


Travel is the movement of a person from one place to another. The journey was formed because of the activities carried out not in their residence. Travel characteristics of the population depend on the purpose of the trip. The purpose of this research is to identify the variables that affect travel time and model the use of modes of travel time for workers who live in UNHAS Lecturer housing. In this research, the data analysis used inferential analysis, namely multiple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS computer program. The results showed variables that affect the travel time in the UNHAS Lecturer housing are the distance traveled and the time of departure to work. Regression modeling that corresponds to the travel time in this case study is Y = 3.433 + 0.259 X4 – 0.010 X5.


chamber was presented by Krause in 1865. Congenital coronary artery fistula is an uncommon lesion, fewer than 200 having thus far been reported in the surgical literature.' By far the most common seem to be those fistulas originating from either the right or the left coronary artery and terminating in the right ventricle, the right atrium, the coronary sinus, or the pulmonary artery. Fistulous communication from the coronary artery to the left ventricle (LV) is extremely rare.'-3 This anomaly can produce a coronary &dquo;steal&dquo; phenomenon that might account for the symptom of exertional chest pain. We recently demonstrated myocardial ischemia on treadmill test and Holter recording in a patient with chest pain who had this anomaly. Case Report A sixty-year-old nonhypertensive, nondiabetic, nonhyperlipidemic, and nonsmoking


Radar range-profile classification of targets in clutter (automatic target recognition) is particularly challenging because of the multimodal nature of the data classes. Typically, classical techniques are not adequate, or must be customized to provide good classification performance. The "cut and try" method of model synthesis is time consuming and may never yield the insight necessary for good classifier performance on unseen data. Inductive classification algorithms are appropriate for these challenging problems because they not only synthesize classifiers, but provide critical information about the data itself which can then be used for further refining (or redefining) of classifier inputs and synthesis strategies. This paper describes one problem solution using radar turntable data for classifier training and testing. Classical classifiers (nearest mean and Fischer pairwise) are compared to polynomial neural network (PNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers.<<ETX>>


The purpose of the study was to consider the effect of regular exercises on the oxidative and antioxidant indicators of skeletal muscle and blood plasma of rats on the background of antioxidant vitamins C and E. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was analyzed as an indicator of the oxidative indicator by assessing the intermediate product of lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and general antioxidant activity (AOA) of tissues was selected as an antioxidant index. The findings in terms of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity suggest that regular exercises modify oxidant - antioxidant relationship in the blood plasma and skeletal muscles, ultimately causing positive changes in the body's response to strenuous physical loads. The use of antioxidant supplements in the diet also enhances the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscles and blood, thereby reducing the intensity of oxidative processes induced by physical loads. However, the positive effects of training loads may be somewhat reduced during treatment with antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins C and E, which is expressed in the increased "oxidative" and weaker "antioxidant" responses to strenuous exercises.


This paper discusses the role of emotions in artificial agent design and implementation. The syntax and semantics of a simplified version of a logic‐based agent‐oriented programming language is presented. This programming language facilitates the implementation of artificial agents with emotions. Four types of emotions are distinguished: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. These emotions are defined relative to agent's goals and plans. The emotions result from the agent's deliberation process and influence the deliberation process. The semantics of each emotion type is incorporated in the transition semantics of the presented agent‐oriented programming language. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We investigate the field electron emission for amorphous carbon (a-C) films deposited on Si (100) substrates through a niobium carbide buffer layer at different flow rate ratios of CH4/(CH4+Ar) in a CH4/Ar mixture discharge, and find that the composition and chemical bonding of the buffer layer can substantially affect the electron field emission properties of a-C films. The high ratio of Nb–C/Nb–Nb bonds in the buffer layer promotes the electron emission of a-C film. The first-principles calculated results show that the work function of NbC is lower than that of Nb, which is the reason why the high ratio of Nb–C/Nb–Nb bonds in the buffer layer favors the field emission of a-C film.


The art and science of optics is centered upon our ability to control the refractive index of materials, thereby directing the flow of light. From the stained-glass windows of Gothic cathedrals to modern LCD projectors, from Galileo's telescope to terabit optical communication systems, devices made possible by skillful manipulation of the refractive index have resulted in countless technological and cultural breakthroughs. For centuries, the refractive index has been regarded as a strictly positive quantity — such was the universal experience. Recent advances in fabrication and processing techniques, however, have enabled the creation of materials with a negative refractive index. This development opens many new chapters in the fields of optical physics and device engineering. Negative index greatly expands the parameter space accessible for manipulating light, opening the way for devices with unprecedented capabilities — for example, imaging systems with subwavelength resolution and ultrasmall waveguides. The novel systems made possible by negative index materials (NIMs) may bring about revolutionary technological changes.

In the present chapter we describe a method to achieve negative refraction via materials with a hyperbolic dispersion relation. Both natural materials and metamaterials can exhibit this property. We show that in addition to providing a simple path to nonmagnetic negative refraction, the hyperbolic dispersion relation enables novel devices for waveguiding and subwavelength imaging.

The present-day interest in NIMs started in the early 2000s. The origins of the subject, however, date back many decades. Indeed, as a general wave propagation phenomenon, negative refraction has been known since the early 20th century. It was noted, in particular, that negative refraction naturally occurs at the interface with a medium characterized by negative phase velocity. No such materials were known in the electromagnetic domain, and so the early discussions involved only mechanical oscillations. The first detailed treatment of negative refraction in electromagnetism was provided by Veselago in 1968. He showed that to attain negative phase velocity for electromagnetic (EM) waves, the material response must be of the form Iµ < 0, I¼ < 0. When this condition is satisfied, the E, H, and k vectors form a left-handed triplet. As a result, the wave vector k and the Poynting vector S are oriented in opposite directions; the system has negative phase velocity, which is the condition for negative refraction. Indeed, negative phase velocity serves as a definition of negative index materials. While mechanical and radio frequency devices exhibiting such effective negative indices were known at the time of Veselago's writing, bulk materials with negative phase velocity were not found in nature and were not readily attainable.


In southern European countries, where immigration is a recent phenomenon, cultural and religious diversity brought into the host societies by non-EU immigrants has become an important public issue. The controversy over the construction of two new mosques in and around Milan, in October 2000, offers a suitable example for the study of attitudes and views on religious diversity in Italy, its recognition, acceptance or rejection. In the first part of the paper, I shall discuss briefly the size and composition of the immigrant community, the socio-economic position of immigrants in the host society and the legal provisions for naturalisation. In the second part of the paper, I shall concentrate on the 'mosque issue' and the dubious emergence of views and practices favouring a multicultural society and citizenship. The analysis is based on material collected from four major newspapers with both a regional and national circulation. The material will be analysed quantitatively with a view of identifying the main 'voices' involved in the debate and the thematic dimensions that organise it. A qualitative methodology of discourse analysis will be used to identify the prevailing discourse(s) and also how the different positions put forward by the dominant social and political actors are linked with specific features of the Italian political and party system. In the concluding section, I will discuss critically the Italian version of multiculturalism emerging in the mosque debate.


. Twenty-two patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms were given intravenously ergometrine while oesophageal manometry was being carried out. Thirteen of the patients had neither pain nor significant motility disturbance after ergometrine. Ergometrine provocation enabled a diagnosis to be made in nine patients in whom routine investigations of the oesophagus were normal.


This paper proposes new topology for high frequency isolation stage of intelligent transformer based on bi-directional current doubler rectifier (CDR). Paper provides complete steady-state analysis of the proposed bi-directional CDR in boost mode. To facilitate the understanding of operation, the converter equivalent circuits for each operating mode with corresponding waveforms are presented. Also, mathematical analysis is done and compared with simulation results.


Spherical glass beads were added to the central jet of the injector. Mean and fluctuation velocities were measured for the gas phase and particles employing a laser Doppler anemometry technique. The results were compared to the single-phase flow data at comparable conditions


Three new withanolides, coagulins M, N, and 0 were isolated from the whole plant of Withania coagulans. Their structures were established as (14R,17R,20ξ,22R)-5α,6β,27-trihydroxy-14,20-epoxy-1-oxo-witha-24-enolid (1), (14R,17S,20ξ,22R)-15α,17-dihydroxy-14,20-epoxy-3β-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-oxo-witha-5,24-dienolide (2) and (14R,20ξ,22R)-14,20-dihydroxy-3β-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-oxo-witha-5,24-dienolide (3) respectively, by extensive spectroscopic studies.


relationship. Kane had believed the series of denials from his close friend about the Mormon practice of polygamy, writing letters to President Fillmore defending the Latter-Day Saints. After having the practice confirmed to him in the early 1850s, Kane expressed hurt feelings in his diary. He remained loyal to the Saints, but his tactics shifted. Kane did not abandon his love for Young or his belief that the Mormons suffered persecution, but he refocused his efforts to assisting the Latter-Day Saints in a more private fashion. The Prophet and the Reformer arrives in the midst of a wave of scholarship about Mormonism's role in American history. This Mormon moment has examined anti-Mormonism, Mormonism in the postbellum South, the life of Brigham Young, and many other topics. What this literature, and this edited collection in particular, has done so well is to evaluate the interrelationship between Mormonism and American culture. By recovering the correspondence of Kane and Young, Grow and Walker show that there remain many avenues left to be explored.


The high speed Information Technology developments of the last years enables data capturing to levels never possible before. IT Systems can generally reveal everything from the most granular element of a financial activity to systemic patterns of global markets – at a frequency much higher than before. However, data alone do not necessarily give insights as every statistician well knows. In order to turn a numerical ocean into valuable information streams for users it is essential to have "agile" statistical tools such as micro-databases and software for performing advanced analytics. Starting with this in mind the Bundesbank set-up a securities holdings statistics database for Germany in 2005 which currently covers comprehensive information for more than a million different securities. The securities holdings data are provided quarterly by 2,000 reporting agents on a security-by-security level. On one hand the system serves as a hub providing standardised statistical products for e.g. Financial Accounts, Government Finance Statistics, Balance of Payments Statistics, International Investment Position, Statistics for Investment Funds and Insurance Corporations. On the other hand, the granular data are stored in a multi-dimensional system to enable high service level for ad hoc user requests for e.g. information on financial risks. Finally, user-tailored data are provided for a number of research projects in the area of financial stability, international economics and for studies on investor behaviour. Future development plans include a move to a monthly frequency and the integration of consolidated data for large financial groups to satisfy further information needs addressed by users in the course of the current financial crisis like in the context of the G20 recommendations.


As part of an effort to assess the quality of the Cloud Top Height (CTOP) product recently developed by the Oceanic Weather Product Development Team (OWPDT) of the Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Weather Research Program (FAA/AWRP), a comparison of CTOP and the NESDIS/CIMSS Cloud Top Pressure (NCTP) product was performed. This study summarizes the comparison of CTOP and NCTP during two periods, 12 February–23 April and 15 August–15 September 2004, for the Pacific, North Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico oceanic domains, as defined by the OWPDT. The CTOP product, according to the concept of use, employs the IR Window technique to provide a depiction of the current locations of aviation hazards related to convection in remote oceanic regions. NCTP, in contrast, utilizes a hybrid algorithm including both the IR Window as well as the CO2-slicing approach to determine the heights of clouds with a wide range of transparency. The analysis accounts for these underlying differences by stratifying the results by the transparency of the clouds. In an attempt to delineate the different cloud regimes (i.e., hazardous versus nonhazardous), the comparison utilizes a threshold of the NESDIS/CIMSS effective cloud amount (ECA) as a proxy for the presence of convection. In addition to the detailed comparison statistics, this paper presents the results of an analysis to justify the overall comparison mechanics, which were designed to account for the temporal and spatial differences between the products. The findings of the satellite product comparison demonstrate very good


The incentive is a process which uses effective methods to arouse the initiative and creativity of em-ployees and make them play their pote ntial,enable them to complete the ta sks and achieve organizational goals.The incentive mechanism includes the induction factors,behavio r guidance system,behavior rate system,behavior time system and behavior pl anning system and so on.Based on this theory,results incentives,the re-alization of the campus culture ince ntives,the pursuit of goals incentives,the restraint of incentive mech anisms and other incentive measures can be u sed in the teacher training to mobili ze the enthusiasm and creativity of teachers and achieve the objective o f ensuring training.


PURPOSE: A non-excavation type variable greenhouse structure and a construction method thereof are provided to economically open and close the roof of the structure. CONSTITUTION: A non-excavation type variable greenhouse structure comprises the following: a lower frame(140) supporting an upper wall panel, installed on the ground to the horizontal direction; pillar frames combined to the upper side of the lower frame; an upper frame(211) connecting the upper sides of the neighboring pillar frames; an outer pipe(130) with the lower side combined to the upper side of the lower frame; an inner pipe(132) installed inside the outer pipe with the upper side combined to the lower side of the upper frame; a motor case(110) connecting the lower frame to the pillar frames; a pillar motor installed inside the motor case; a screw connected to a rotary shaft of the pillar motor to be rotated; a base frame(100) combined to the lower side of the lower frame; and a roof supporting frame(210) combined to the upper side of the upper frame.


1. The solution of the title equation in integers x, y for given integers a > 1, 6 > 1 has been dicussed by W. J. LeVeque [2]. The second paragraph of this note shows that y is odd if x > 1, and that any prime divisor of y which is less than x divides a, and vice versa. The third paragraph proves simply a stronger form of LeVeque's theorem, that there is at most one solution, which can be specified completely. The third paragraph uses the results of the second only to secure a slight refinement of the enunciation. It is conjectured that there are only a finite number of nontrivial solu? tions a, 6, x, y of the equation.


College instruction aims not only to expand students ' content knowledge, but also to help students develop practical skills, such as the ability to think critically. This study was conducted in a chemistry course for nonscience majors offered as part of a liberal education core curriculum at a large public university in the Midwest. Students enrolled in the class were given the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning as a preand postcourse measure of their scientific reasoning (SR) ability, a subset of critical thinking. Although average gains in students ' SR ability were significant, the improvement was quite modest when compared with where students should be developmentally, according to Piaget. Literature suggests the need for instruction that markedly improves intellectual development, which may be attained through the use of more student-centered practices. Data presented support this need for instruction.


Two hundred thirty-nine cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma were submitted to a multifactorial analysis of histological criteria. Three of those criteria, namely, Breslow's thicknesses, ulceration, and mitotic activity, were found to be significant for prognosis.


In Distributed computing system, Fault tolerance is an important issue because if the system fails then whole execution of a tasks stop. Fault tolerance is that asset of a system which provides the service to perform well still in case of any faults. A task applied on the real time distributed system must be feasible and reliable. The real time distributed systems for instance grid networks, robotics, air traffic control systems, etc. exceedingly depends on time. A single error in real time distributed system can cause a whole system failure, if not detected accurately and recovered at the proper time. Fault-tolerance is the key method which is often used to provide continue reliability in these systems. By applying extra hardware like processors, resource, communication links hardware fault tolerance can be achieved. A fault perhaps will occur for numerous reasons in distributed computing system such as failure of network, hardware or software failure etc.

This paper defines various terminologies like failure, fault, faulty environment, fault tolerance, candidate node, redundancy etc. and explains fundamental concepts linked to fault tolerance in distributed systems. There are a lot of issues in distributed Computing system such as Emergent resource sharing, transparency, dependability, Complex mappings, concurrency, Fault tolerance etc. In this paper we focussed on the different fault tolerant approaches and fault tolerant terminologies used in distributed computing environment.


: The present study was incorporated with pomegranate skin into idli as influenced by different levels of pomegranate skin powder and to determine sensory evaluation. Pomegranate skin powder incorporated idli were prepared by using pomegranate skin powder in different levels to the idli flour, whereas idli prepared out of without adding pomegranate skin powder were served as control. Among the different treatments, 10 percent incorporation of pomegranate skin powder was recorded highest scores for overall acceptability.


Hypothesis: The genetic benefits of female mating preferences can be additive (good alleles'), non-additive ('compatible alleles') or both, and the importance of each may be population dependent. Organism: Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from two independent natural populations. Location: Two adjacent sites in Scotland, one a pond with high stickleback density and high parasite prevalence, the other a river with low stickleback density and fish predators. Methods: In vitro fertilizations in a North Carolina Type II breeding design to estimate the contribution of additive and non-additive genetic variation to early offspring survival. Results: In both populations we detected significant additive maternal effects. These effects were largely explained by variance in egg size, though not entirely so. In the pond population there were significant male additive genetic effects on offspring survival, implicating a role for 'good alleles', but not non-additive effects. In the river population there were significant additive and non-additive effects, implicating a role both for 'good alleles' and genetic compatibility. Different populations of the same species may vary in the mechanism by which sexual selection operates.


Robust design developed by G.Taguchi is an efficient and systematic methodology that applies statistical experimental design for improving product and manufacturing process design. This paper describes the robust design using genetic algorithms instead of orthogonal array. Also, we apply the robust design methodology to a high-speed planing hull and verify usefullness of this methodology by comparing the results of optimal technique and this methodology.


Ynolates are carbanions having a triple bond in place of the double bond in enolate anions. Ynolates are ketene anion equivalents, thus ynolates introduce a ketene unit into substrates and the resulting products possess high reactivity. This allows ynolates to undergo unique reaction sequences. For the past 20 years, several methods for the generation of ynolates and their reactions have been developed. Recently, we have developed a highly efficient method for their generation and new rections such as olefination, tandem [2+2] cycloaddition-Dieckmann condensation, syntheses of β-lactams. In this review, an overview of the syntheses and the reactions of ynolates, especially focusing our recent results, are described.


Fuzzy clustering iteration model and remote characteristic separability of sensing information are applied to environment integration partition in Shaanxi province.15 indices of all regions are grouped into 8 categories.By means of iteration calculation and ecotope unit which can be divided into ecotopes as a whole,use space addition and space analysis to deal with environment integration partition in Shaanxi,and the result is quite reasonable.


Convention business includes the ratification of President Jack Hayford for a second term of office, as well as the ratification of one reappointed board member and several significant bylaw changes.


Creativity is an ability that is needed in solving a problem. A person's creativity in solving problems can be assessed using three components namely fluency, flexibility, and novelty. Someone in solving problems can be influenced by the adversity quotient they have. There are three categories of adversity quotient namely quitter, camper, and climber. This type of research is a qualitative research method descriptive. This study aims to describe the creativity of elementary school students in solving contextual geometry problems based on adversity quotient. The subjects in this study were three people consisting of quitter subjects, camper subjects, and climber subjects. Data is collected through adversity Response Profile (ARP) tests, Problem Solving Tests (TPM) and interviews. The results showed that the creativity of subjects with the quitter category in solving contextual geometry problems was not able to achieve fluency, flexibility, and novelty. The creativity of subjects with camper categories in solving contextual geometry problems only achieves fluency and flexibility. Whereas the creativity of subjects with climber types in solving contextual geometry problems is able to achieve fluency, flexibility, and novelty.