protein thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) secreted by the diarrhea causing food pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus is considered a major virulence factor of this pathogen. Structural analysis of TDH in this study shows the protein to closely resemble fungal fruit-body lectins which have a high specificity towards cell membrane glycoproteins. Few fruit-body lectins are known to bind Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a disaccharide over expressed on cell-surface glycoproteins in a variety of carcinomas. In this study, we have shown that TDH has the ability to recognize specific carbohydrates such as N-acetyl galactosamine (NGA, GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (NAG, GlcNAc) and Galactose 1-3 N-acetylgalactosamine (Galβ1→3GalNAc,� Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen) as seen in fungal lectins. The features of molecular recognition are explained in detail.


One major expectation for road users is related to noise attenuation. Theory indicates that a thick porous pavement would provide good results. In terms of tire noise, the draining cement concrete used as subbase had not been tested for tire noise until recently, when a construction of a test site was done in France. The objectives were to verify the feasibility of 16-cm (6.2 inch) thicknesses of draining concrete that could meet the same roughness requirements as the national system i.e., a roughness level, expressed in CATL, of 6 or less throughout the site. The results show that the draining cement concrete formula used in the experiment ranks among the best pavement materials in terms of road noise, since all objectives were reached with respect to acoustical performance, hydraulics, and ride quality.


Background: In recent years, pediatric chronic sinusitis patients who don't respond with antibiotics are increasing, but there are a few reports on the herbal medicine therapy treating pediatric chronic sinusitis, so this report was studied. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis before and after treatment using computed tomograpy (CT) and plain radiograpy. Materials and methods: Ninty patients (45 mail and 45 femail) treated in our hospital between February 1998 and August 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age :6.5 years). Sixty two patients had a underlyiing family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers), In the past history, 68 patients had asthma, allergy of milk, atopic dermatitis, bronchiollitis and irritable bowel syndrom. Illness period was from 10 days to 96 months (mean period:12.4 month). Duration of treatment were from 25 days to 200days (mean:96 days). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT in the 42 and plain radiopgrapy in the 48 patients were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. CT findings of the chronic sinusitis were analyzed for mucoperiostal thickening before and after treatment using 4 grades;(normal, mild, moderate, severe). Normal was defined as below 3mm thickening of mucoperiosteum; mild was 3-5mm thickening; moderate was 5mm-1cm thickening; severe was above 1cm thickening. Plain radiograpy using Water's view provided maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus. Normal was defined as simillar to density between sinus and oronasal cavity; mild was defined as generally increased density with no significant mucoperiosteal thickning; moderate was partial mucosal thickening without bony hypertropy; severe was total haziness with mucoperiosteal thickening. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms Results: Of the 90 patients, 84 patients showed complete recovery (93%), 4 patients showed no significant interval change(4%) and 2 patients were aggrevated (2%). Sixty patients were severe(67%) and 26 patients were moderate (29%), 4 patients were mild(4%) The duration of treatment was varied with patient conditions (91 days in average); severe were 101.7 days, moderate were 70 days and mild were 63 days. Fifty three patients with maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis were 114 days, 35 patients with maxillary sinusitis only were 71.5 days. Fifty eight patients with both maxillary sinusitis were 94.6 days, 26 patients with either maxillary sinusitis were 65 days. The symtoms of chronic sinusitis were nasal obstruction(75%), cough(69%), purulunt or mucosal discharge(62%), lymphoid follicle(54%), postnasal dripping(49%), headache(23%) and nose bleeding(22%). Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis using plain radiograpy and CT. The duration of treatment may be significant assosiation with the location and degree of chronic sinusitis.


Key points  Dependence on international partners for the provision of funding has sometimes undermined the AU's political legitimacy and credibility. Therefore, achieving financial autonomy will promote the AU as a sustainable partner in governance, peace and security.  A milestone towards achieving financial autonomy was reached during the 27th AU Assembly of AU Heads of State and Government held in Kigali, Rwanda in July 2016, where a decision was made to institute a 0.2% levy on all eligible imported goods into the continent.  This Summit decision on financing of the Union appears different and potentially transformative from previous decisions because: it adopts a single option in the derivation of financial contributions from member states; it links financial autonomy with the AU reform agenda; and entrusts the monitoring and oversight on the implementation of the financing decision to AU Heads of States and Government;  The political willingness of most AU member states especially the main financial contributing countries will be a central factor for determining the success of the implementation of the financing decision.  The AU could face a future of increased or decreased relevance depending on success of the implementation of its financing decision. Executive summary


Our synthetic method of entering in texts has as major object to restitute to the training of our students' abilities to synthesize the place it should occupy besides the training of their abilities to analyse. For synthesis is, as much as analysis, a fundamental mind operation. Moreover, at a time when information and diffusion circuits are demultiplicating, the ability to treat synthetically, wich means, among other things, quickly, those informations, is a major stake. Our method, to which teachers can devote five minutes at the beginning and eventually and eventually three minutes at the end of a lesson, consists in a systematisation of Sophie Moirand's global approach of texts, in its reactualisation through a typology of texts inspired by J. M. Adam's works, and in the adaptation of the whole to the vocation of University to edify the critical discernment of its students. It consists first, in making clear the communication situation of the studied text. Secondly, in extracting the main point of the text, with the assistance of key-questions adapted to the dominant type of the text. Third of all, in formulating in the form of a text, more or less elaborated according to the time devoted to the activity, this synthetic main point. We also apply ourself to incite to (re) read Sophie Moirand's still fundamental work: Situations d'ecrit (1979); to define the didactic interest of J. M. Adam's typology that we set on the following three point of views: the one of the linguistic marks, the one of the author's intentions, and the one of the ethic values. Last of all, we also mention two papers of the revue Le Francais dans le monde concerning more specifically Press writing


The feasibility of observing the K s 0 → π + π − e + e − decay at LHCb is studied using simulated and real data. During the Run I of LHC, the yield of events expected per fb−1 of pp collisions at s = 8 TeV is found to be N R u n I ( K s 0 → π + π − e + e − ) = 120 − 100 + 280 . A dedicated trigger selection has been developed for the 2016 data-taking. A large signal yield, N U p g r a d e ( K s 0 → π + π − e + e − ) = ( 5.0 ± 0.3 ) × 10 4 per fb−1, is expected in the LHC upgrade phase. Pseudoexperiments have been run to asses the feasibility of discovering evidence for the observation of the signal already in the Run I data-set.


This research project reports the results of the thesis, "Design of a Collaborative Information and Communication Technology Platform to support Creativity in Innovation Activities -Prototyping and User Experience Test" and provides details of the procedure followed in realizing the thesis. The research was conducted between Fall 2010 and Winter 2013.

The research problem was based on an analysis of three challenges observed in innovation activities, especially at the level of creative collaboration among R&D enterprises and creative teams of "Les 24 heures de l'innovation". These challenges must be overcome before the knowledge production and ideas sharing process can be improved. Three types of challenges were identified:
- Communication: The communication of knowledge for innovation, which must be transmitted to successfully resolve complex issues, in the proposal of new products or new services
- Organizational: Development of knowledge management strategies for distributed idea sharing, which should be encouraged by the organization to create or support teams by means of a collaborative platform
- Technology: Transmission of tacit, unstructured, and informal knowledge, especially using collaborative ICT and technologies Web 2.0 or Web 3.0 tools.

This thesis investigates two dimensions of the research problem: the theoretical and the practical (technology issues). The theoretical dimension examines the environment for the exchange of ideas and knowledge, which supports creative collaboration in distributed conditions. The practical and technological dimensions involve a creative collaboration model which will take the form of a platform for creative teams.

The aim of this thesis is to support the creative teams in the process of conceptualization of a new innovation-oriented product. Through this thesis, we seek to:
- Determine the needs of creative teams during the conceptualization stage of a new product;
- Propose a Knowledge Management System (knowledge and tools) that enables the support of tacit knowledge produced in distributed condition of team members;
- Modeling a Platform that supports internal creative team's needs and the external context for innovation;
- Propose the assessment of the creative collaboration meaning the user experience testing and the realized task by creative teams on the ICT prototype.

We carry out a review of the literature in Chapter 1, a study of collaboration among creative R&D teams in Canada in Chapter 2, and in Chapter 4, we perform a knowledge needs analysis of creative teams in "Les 24 heures de l'innovation". These will enable us to achieve the first objective, the definition of the needs for supporting creative teams. Ultimately, we characterize the context of R&D activities in Canada, as well as interactions among creative R&D teams for innovation, with a theoretical study, by analyzing statistical data obtained from Statistics Canada. A detailed presentation of the problem statement and the methodology used for this thesis is provided in Chapter 3.

The second objective is fulfilled by analyzing the idea production process and the current ICTs, for proposing a conceptual model based on the observation of creative teams participating in "Les 24 heures de l'innovation" November 2011. On the other hand, by proposing the new specifications that support collaboration, we select a methodology based on the law of ideality (TRIZ), in which we observe the evolution of technological state-of-the-art of current functionalities (Chapter 5) in contrast with the needs and useful operations of ICT.

To realize the third objective, we model the collaborative platform, and its primary functionalities are presented using the UML 2, Unified Modeling Language, also we describe the prototype deployment at Chapter 6. The fourth objective is reached by an experimental evaluation of the platform that is presented in Chapter 7 and in Chapter 8. These chapters summarize the results obtained by the application of the following user experience test: validation of UML use-cases user's acceptance, the task analysis of the main used functionalities, the creative performance Analysis of user (PAN) and the usability test.

Finally, the other sections of this document are the conclusion, findings, proposals for further research, and recommendations. In the Appendix, we include the ethical plan presented to the Ecole de technologie superieure Ethical Review Board, as well as the results obtained from "Les 24 heures de l'innovation" of May 2012.


A likely Islamic Salvation Front win in Algeria's legislative elections of December 1991 led to the cancellation of the results. In November 1995 relatively free presidential elections were held in Algeria as the process of democratisation re‐started. Since the democratic process was brought to an abrupt halt in Algeria in January 1992, the country experienced its first ever plural presidential election. General Zeroual, appointed in January 1994, promised presidential elections would take place before the end of 1995. The news was received with mixed feelings. On the one hand, the idea was dismissed by the main opposition parties, as elections would only serve to legitimise Zeroual's system, and thus they called for it to be boycotted. On the other hand, it represented the only way for further political reforms. A mandate from the people is what a new head of state needs which can only be achieved through the ballot box. Whatever the arguments, this presidential election represents a milestone in Algeria...


Objective To investigate the the expressions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)and spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk) in the gastric cancer and its peripheral tissues and to explore the molecular margin in the gastric cancer for evaluating the security of surgical margin.Methods The expressions of hTERT and Syk were detected by immunohistochemistry in 39 cases of gastric cancer and peripheral tissues 1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm and 5 cm away from the cancer center.Results(1)The positive rate of hTERT in gastric cancer was 69.2%,the positive rates in 4 cm away in the upper end and 3 cm away in the lower end of margin tissues were both 0.(2)The positive rates of Syk in gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues were 5.1% and 100.0%,respectively.(3)The positive rate of hTERT expression from the cancer center to the surrounding tissues was gradually diminishing.Contrarily,the positive rate of Syk expressiom from the cancer center to the peripheral tissues was gradually increased.In the upper surgical margins,the rate of Syk in the 4 cm away was significantly higher than that in the 3 cm away peripheral tissues(P0.05).In the lower tumor surgical margins,the rate of Syk in the 3 cm away was significantly higher than that in the 2 cm away peripheral tissues(P0.05). Conclusions The molecular border exists considering the expressions of hTERT and Syk in gastric cancer and the surrounding surgical margin tissues and 4 cm away in the upper end and 3 cm away in the lower end of margin tissues can be defined as molecular margin.


Simple Summary Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a disease with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The clinicians have a limited capability to predict tumor behavior because the strongest predictors of survival are the pathology data that, unfortunately, can be determined only after surgery. Recently, radiomics, i.e., the mathematical analysis of imaging modalities, led to a major improvement in the non-invasive prediction of microscopic characteristics of several tumors. In this multicenter study, we collected a large number of patients affected by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and we demonstrated that the radiomic data of the tumor and peritumoral tissue extracted from the computed tomography at diagnosis have a strong association with tumor grading and microscopic vascular invasion, which are two major biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness. The combination of radiomic and clinical data maximizes the accuracy of prediction. The integration of radiomics into clinical decision processes is probably one of the following steps toward a precision medicine approach in patients affected by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Abstract Standard imaging cannot assess the pathology details of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We investigated whether CT-based radiomics may improve the prediction of tumor characteristics. All consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for ICC (2009-2019) in six high-volume centers were evaluated for inclusion. On the preoperative CT, we segmented the ICC (Tumor-VOI, i.e., volume-of-interest) and a 5-mm parenchyma rim around the tumor (Margin-VOI). We considered two types of pathology data: tumor grading (G) and microvascular invasion (MVI). The predictive models were internally validated. Overall, 244 patients were analyzed: 82 (34%) had G3 tumors and 139 (57%) had MVI. For G3 prediction, the clinical model had an AUC = 0.69 and an Accuracy = 0.68 at internal cross-validation. The addition of radiomic features extracted from the portal phase of CT improved the model performance (Clinical data+Tumor-VOI: AUC = 0.73/Accuracy = 0.72; +Tumor-/Margin-VOI: AUC = 0.77/Accuracy = 0.77). Also for MVI prediction, the addition of portal phase radiomics improved the model performance (Clinical data: AUC = 0.75/Accuracy = 0.70; +Tumor-VOI: AUC = 0.82/Accuracy = 0.73; +Tumor-/Margin-VOI: AUC = 0.82/Accuracy = 0.75). The permutation tests confirmed that a combined clinical–radiomic model outperforms a purely clinical one (p < 0.05). The addition of the textural features extracted from the arterial phase had no impact. In conclusion, the radiomic features of the tumor and peritumoral tissue extracted from the portal phase of preoperative CT improve the prediction of ICC grading and MVI.


The occurrence and the intensity of specific behavioural defensive reactions were investigated in freshwater snails of the family Physidae, which vigorously shake their shells when attacked by invertebrate predators. Physella acuta and Physa fontinalis were exposed to two species of leeches with different hunting strategies— the molluscivorous Glossiphonia complanata and the opportunistic predator Erpobdella octoculata. Parameters of reaction were measured and compared between snails and leeches. Significant differences were found in the reactions of both snail species in 10 out of 11 measured parameters. Physa fontinalis reacted more intensively, with a higher number of shell movements triggered by both leech species. The study showed possible recognition by the prey of the predator species, followed by a specific defensive reaction. In general, G. complanata elicited more intensive reactions, especially in treatment with P. fontinalis.


This report may be the first trial to introduce palliative care of the patient with advanced skin malignancy to dermatologists in Japan. It might be rare to take care of the patients in terminal stage. However, even dermatologist cannot keep away from the problem when treating malignancy. Recently it is also rare to treat the patient with extended skin involvement on malignant tumor. In many cases primary lesion was removed by surgery and local recurrence is rare. Then we take care of the patient with distant metastasis without skin involvement in terminal stage.There is no generalization of palliative care. Principle theory is to keep good QOL removing anypains of the patient.


This paper introduces a brushless electromotor control system for military use.This system can control two rare-earth permanent magnet motor by TMS320LF2407A DSP controller and its extending circuit.This system has high value in military use for the merit of both DC motor and AC motor,also has features of good transplantablity,low cost and good anti-interference.


Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a material for a wide range of microwave‐frequency electronics devices, because of its piezoelectric properties and high chemical stability. To improve the performance of AlN‐based devices, such as acoustic wave filters and energy harvesters, an increased piezoelectric modulus is desirable. Here, an increase of the piezoelectric modulus d33 of this material is achieved by ion implantation of noble gases. For a fluence of 3 × 1016 at cm−2 Ar+, a 30% increase of d33 of AlN is obtained. The improvement is attributed to noble gas atoms implanted into interstitial sites of the wurtzite structure, causing a strong deformation of wurtzite AlN. Density functional theory calculations reveal the formation of deformed, metastable AlN with a 350% increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient. The ion implantation conditions to prepare AlN with a high piezoelectric coefficient are discussed and verified by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Heavier elements, larger fluences, and an implantation angle not aligned to the wurtzite crystal are preferred since those conditions generate tetrahedrally coordinated interstitials. In contrast, the opposite conditions lead to octahedrally coordinated interstitials prior to relaxation, which activates the silent B1high phonon vibration and results in a reduced piezoelectric coefficient.


Introduction:Varicose veins are a common medical condition present in at least 10% of the general population and remains most of the times remains asymptomatic. Material & Methods: This study includes all the patients who came with lower limb varicose veins to Surgical Department of Government General Hospital, Guntur Medical College, Guntur from September 2017 to September 2018.Total number of patients were 98 (102 limbs). All the cases were evaluated by taking detailed history & by carrying out thorough clinical examination. The findings were recorded in clinical proforma. Results: Majority were males (80.61%) and belonged to 20-50 years age group. The long saphenous vein was involved in 92% ofcases. The patients with higher grade of clinical CEAP classification had combinedvalvular incompetence. All the pati ents with ulcers had perforator incompetence.Surgical procedures performed: Sapheno-femoral flush ligation and stripping was done in 93% of the patients. Conclusions: Varicose veins mainly involves the Long saphenous system due to saphenofemoral and perforator incompetence.Most of the patients had complications of varicose veins.Duplex ultrasonography is the investigation of choice.Trendelenburgoperation with stripping is very effective in the treatment of varicose veins.


Objective To observe the efficacy of Chinese therapy with nourishing yin and clearing heat treatment combined with insulin pump in the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 40 patients were ramdomly assigned to receive Chinese therapy with nourishing yin and clearing heat ( formula with rehmannia,figwort root,ophiopogon japonicus,gypsum,rhizoma anemarrhenae,radix puerariae,radix trichosanthis,coptis chinensis franch,and immature bitter orange ) combined with insulin pump ( 20 patients,study group ),or insulin pump alone ( 20 patients,control group ).The target of blood glucose control was FBG < 6.1mmol/L and PBG < 8.0 mmol/L for 2 weeks.Syndromes,FBG,FINS,2hPG,TC,TG,Blood rheology,and HOMA-IR were compared between the two groups.The dosage of insulin use and time to standard glucose level were noted.Results The study group was superior to the control group in improvement of syndromes,with a significant difference ( P < 0.05 ).FBG,2hPG,FINS,and HOMA-IR were reduced significantly after combination therapy( P< 0.05 ),and HOMA-IR was significantly reduced in the study group,as compared to the control group ( P< 0.05 ).Both dosage of insulin use was smaller and time to standard glucose level were shorter in the study group than in the control group.No obvious adverse reactions occurred except hypoglycemia in few patients.Conclusions Combination therapy with TCM and Western medicine for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is effective.There are some advantages in reducing insulin resistance with less use of insulin.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus/Combination therapy with TCM and Western medicin;  Newly diagnosed;  Insulin resistance/Action of medication;  Nourishing yin and clearing heat


Turkish Coffee Maker is a well-known product that was invented and first manufactured in Turkey. Although it is a novel product, there is a huge demand for these machines as well as competition among the manufacturers. These companies are already implementing many innovation strategies. However, the study aims to carry out a computer-aided innovation method named Kansei Engineering in the Turkish Coffee Maker domain. Furthermore, many sub-methods were conducted in this research. These are extracting Kansei words, selecting specimens, choosing product properties, conducting affinity diagrams, SD Surveys, Factor, QT1, Descriptive and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. In total, 257 Turkish people have participated in the study. It is expected that the findings will be beneficial for design experts who are redesigning Turkish Coffee Maker.


Polyamide-6 (PA6)/polyarylate of bisphenol A (PAr) blends rich in PA6 and modified with an additional 15% poly[ethylene-co-(methacrylic acid)] partially neutralized with zinc (PEMA-Zn) as a compatibilizer were obtained by melt mixing. Their phase structure, morphology, and mechanical performance were compared with those of the corresponding binary blends. The ternary blends were composed of a PA6 amorphous matrix and a dispersed PAr-rich phase in which reacted PA6 and PEMA-Zn were present. Additionally, minor amounts of a crystalline PA6 phase, and a PEMA-Zn phase were also present. The chemical reactions observed led to a clear decrease in the dispersed particle size when PEMA-Zn was added, indicating compatibilization. Consequently, the mechanical behavior of the blends with PEMA-Zn improved, leading, mainly in the case of the blend with 10% PAr, to significant increases in both ductility and impact strength with respect to those of the binary blends. These increases were more remarkable than the slight decrease in stiffness as a consequence of the rubbery nature of the compatibilizer.


Most of the positioning and navigation systems developed for construction machines have been focused on satisfying 2D navigation requirements. In this paper, a system is proposed for continuous and accurate tracking of a bulldozer or corresponding moving machine. Tracking is based on 3D coordinate determination using a time -of-flight laser range finder and angle encoders as a measuring head and optical reflectors attached to the machine. Tracking is accomplished by illuminating the cooperative target with an infrared emitting diode (IRED) or laser diode and focusing the reflected light on a surface of a position sensitive detector (PSD). Preliminary tests of the technique have been performed in a bulldozer's real working environment at a cellulose mill and have been promising : an angle resolution of about 200 Arad is achievable in a measurement range of up to 100 150 in using a spherical target constructed of highly reflective tape attached to the machine and a cw laser diode (8 mW) as the transmitter.


Three-dimensional stacked memory is considered to be one of the innovative elements for the next-generation computing system, for it provides high bandwidth and energy efficiency. Particularly, packet routing ability of Hybrid Memory Cubes (HMCs) enables new interconnects for the memories, giving flexibility to its topological design space. Since memory-processor communication is latency-sensitive, our challenge is to alleviate latency of the memory interconnection network, which is subject to high overheads from hop-count increase. Interestingly, random network topologies are known to have remarkably low diameter that is even comparable to theoretical Moore graph. In this context, we first propose to exploit the random topologies for the memory networks. Second, we also propose several optimizations to leverage the random topologies to be further adaptive to the latency-sensitive memory-processor communication: communication path length based selection, deterministic minimal routing, and page-size granularity memory mapping. Finally, we present interesting results of our evaluation: the random networks with universal memory access outperformed non-random networks of which memory access was optimally localized.


This pre-conference is intended to introduce participants to a unique, place-based approach to the planning and design of cities and towns and their public spaces, including libraries. Participants will be encouraged to think about their institutions and facilities in a new light and will be introduced to practical tools and techniques that they can use in applying these ideas. As the source of our province's greatest potential for becoming a liveable, walkable community place, the civic centres of British Columbia's cities, towns and villages, and the adjacent streets, parks, and neighbourhoods, will comprise the focus of the workshop. We will spend the day exploring the principles of making places through walking tours, presentations, case studies, a Place Performance Evaluation exercise, group discussions and the close examination of the public spaces proximate to some of Richmond's key civic institutions, including the library and art museum. Through this "Placemaking" process, you will learn how to facilitate collaboration among community
members to create a vision around the places that are viewed as important to community life and to their daily experience and to identify quick, short-term, low-cost improvements that can be implemented in partnership with local residents as well as public and private sector partners.
Based on Project for Public Spaces's 32 years of experience in placemaking, and inspired by their popular book, How to Turn a Place Around, the workshop will demonstrate to participants a unique approach to contextual town centre revitalization, sustainable economic growth, and community development.


Genome-wide linkage and association studies of tens of thousands of clinical and molecular traits are currently under way, offering rich data for inferring causality between traits and genetic variation. However, the inference process is based on discovering subtle pat-terns in the correlation between traits and is therefore challenging and could create a flood of untrustworthy causal inferences. Here we introduce the concerns and show they are valid already in simple scenarios of two traits linked or associated to the same genomic region. We argue that more comprehensive analysis and Bayesian reasoning are needed and can overcome some of these pitfalls, although not in every conceivable case. We conclude that causal inference methods may still be of use in the iterative process of mathematical modeling and biological validation


This paper introduces the types and characteristics of composite foundation, and the summary of the designing calculation. Based on engineering investigation data of two work sites in Changchun city, the technological possibility and potential profitability of the application of composite foundation are discussed .


Current U.S. reporting and tax laws create an incentive for some U.S. firms to avoid the repatriation of foreign earnings, as the U.S. government charges additional corporate taxes on these transfers. Prior research suggests that the combined effect of these incentives leads some U.S. multinational corporations to hold a significant amount of cash overseas. In this study, we investigate the effect of cash trapped overseas on U.S. multinational corporations' foreign acquisitions. Consistent with expectations, we observe firms with high levels of trapped cash make less profitable acquisitions of foreign target firms using cash consideration (lower announcement window returns, lower buy and hold returns, decreased ROA). The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA) reduced this effect by allowing firms to repatriate foreign earnings held as cash abroad at a much lower tax cost. Our study has implications for current proposals to change the tax laws related to foreign earnings.


The morphobiometric study of the seed tegument of six entities belonging to the genus Antirrhinum L. (A. siculum Miller. A. tortuosum Bosc, A. majus L. cvs. "rouge de Bulgarie", "rosea", "white giant") and Misopates Rafin. (M orontium L.) Rafin. sin. A. orontium L.) has allowed the identification of two morphotypes and three subtypes. The seed characters confirm the systematic placement proposed by some authors and, in particular for M orontium, they confirm its elevation to the rank of species. The seed dimensions of the cvs. "rouge de Bulgarie". "rosea" and "white giant" of A. majus were greater with respect to the spontaneous species.


There is a growing interest in the property dependence of transition metal dichalcogenides as function of the number of layers and formation of heterostructures. Depending on the stacking, doping, edge effects and interlayer distance, the properties can be modified, which open the door to novel applications which require a detailed understanding of the atomic mechanisms responsible for those changes. In this work, we analyze the electronic properties and lattice dynamics of a heterostructure constructed by simultaneously stacking InSe layers and GaSe layers bounded by van der Waals forces. We have assumed the same space group of GaSe, P ¯6 m 2 as it becomes the lower energy configuration for other considered stackings. The structural, vibrational and optical properties of this layered compound have been calculated using density functional theory. The structure is shown to be energetically, thermally and elastically stable, which indicates its possible chemical synthesis. A correlation of the theoretical physical properties with respect to its parent compounds is extensively discussed. One of the most interesting properties is the low thermal conductivity, which indicates its potential use in thermolectric applications. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of using electronic gap engineering methods, which can help into tune the optical emission in a variable range close to that used in the field of biological systems (NIR). Finally, the importance of considering properly van der Waals dispersion in layered materials has been emphasized as included in the exchange correlation functional. As for the presence of atoms with important spin orbit coupling, relativistic corrections have been included.


The article focus on making use of electron-ion tools, based on the energy-spend processes of thermobaric dissociation, atomization and ionization of the facing materials in shaped-charge liners that kick in during explosive jet and slug generation, shaping of penetrators, fragments, and as they go through obstacles. These provide sufficient grounds for qualifying the jet structure in terms of its ionization not as fourth state matter, i.e. plasma, but rather as 'third-and-a-half state', meaning the matter is still solid but approaching the pre-melting condition. The different ability of the matter to transfer mass in the jet and slug (vortex and antivortex) based on its state has been stressed with the speed variation and phase transition being an indicator. In addition, the research provides estimates of the specific energy required for steel armor atomization that equals ~ 9kJ/g (~70kJ/cm³) to the extent sufficient to destroy to breach an obstacle.


The purpose of this research was to study changes in early childhood students' creative problem solving abilities comparing between before and after the intervention of STEM education learning activities. The sample group were male and female early childhood aged between 5-6 years studying in Soonthornwattana School, Chaiyaphum Province, 2nd semester, academic year of 2017. Methodology was the quasi-experiment design. The STEM education activities provided students to organize the nine square grid movement activities. Early childhood children's creative thinking and problem solving ability was collected by the behavior observation form of creative problem solving skills (FCPS). The FCPS items consists of 12 items that represent the 3 items of access to problems, 3 items of thinking of a solution, 3 items of selection and preparation of problem solving, and 3 items of planning for solving problems. Then, each item of the FCPS was analysed for descriptive statistics. The results showed that early childhood who have been organized activities according to STEM Education's theoretical concepts have developed more creative problem solving skills, with an average score of 14.63 and after the event will have a score of 24.27. When considering each aspect of the experiment, it was found that early childhood have creative problem-solving skills. Which has higher scores each week Shows that early childhood who have organized activities according to STEM Education's theoretical concepts have higher creative problem-solving skills which is in accordance with the assumptions set forth.


Vicki Clark was on holidays when she had a work-related brainwave. A mere ten days later, that spark took the form of 4,000 students across the country declaring 'I feel proud today'. It was February 13th, the fourth anniversary of the Apology to the Stolen Generations by the Australian Federal Parliament.


Firewood collection,which reduces vegetation cover,is one of the primary reasons causing soil erosion.We studied farmers' fuel selection behavior based on field surveys as well as theoretical analyses,and found that the proportion of farmers' commercial fuel consumption has increased significantly both in terms of fuel materials and total thermal values in Changting County from 1960s to 2000s,with the latter increased faster than the former.Fuel substitution is not only a low-cost soil erosion controlling measure for government,but also a source of net income for rural households due to increases in labor opportunity cost(e.g.,farmers can make more money working in a manufactory than collecting firewood).The profit margins of using three surveyed fuel substitution schemes over the firewood decreased from "biogas electricity" to "honeycomb briquette electricity" to "liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) electricity".Further theoretical analysis of comprehensive cost of firewood collection,farmers' fuel choice,and typical fuel substitution process shows that government intervention is an important factor in moving forward the fuel substitution and controlling soil erosion.


2-Hydroxymethylidene-indene-1,3-diones bearing alkoxyvinyl, pyrrolyl, and indolyl groups were synthesized by thermal decomposition of the phenyliodonium ylide of lawsone and served as ligands for the preparation of piano-stool Ru(II) complexes. The reactivity of the new compounds with biomolecules and their stability in aqueous solution have been studied. The synthesized complexes have been tested for their anticancer activity against four human ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-5, SKOV-3, UWB1.289, and UWB1.289 + BRCA1) in order to investigate their structure–activity relationships. The ruthenium complexes bearing the dihydrofuryl, the 2-(butoxy)vinyl, and the 2-(isobutoxy)vinyl substituents were the most potent compounds identified in this screen with IC50 values in the range of 22–82 μM. Complexes 11d, 11a, and 11b were found to be more active than cisplatin against the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells.


: Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to study the persistence and dissipation of beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in combination-mix formation on tomato. Initial deposits of beta-cyfluthrin ranged from 1.224 to 2.133 mg kg-l and imidacloprid ranged from 1.447 to 2.383 mg kg- 1 in tomato. Beta-cyfluthrin residues dissipated quickly and attained the below detectable level by 10 to 15 day. Imidacloprid residues are dissipated to below detectable limit (BDL) within 15 days after application. The Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution (TMRC) values of initial deposits were quite low (beta-cyfluthrin, 0.245-0.427 mg person- 1 day- 1; imidacloprid, 0.289-0.477 mg person- 1 day- 1) than the maximum allowable concentration value (beta-cyfluthrin, 1.0 mg person- 1 day- 1; imidacloprid, 3.0 mg person-' day-'). Based on the residue data, the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.5 mg kg- 1 is proposed for both beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in tomato fruits under Indian conditions. Assuming if this MRL is fixed, the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) was calculated as 0.1 mg person- 1 day-l and % ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) value of 10 and 3.33% also ensures the safety of beta-cyOuthrin and imidacloprid respectively. A waiting period of 3 days before harvest could ensures a sufficient margin. of safety without any risk to human health.


Small island states are increasingly characterised by the growing role of international migration and remittances as components of national and household incomes. Recent household-level survey data on migration and remittances in two Pacific island states, Fiji and Tonga, demonstrate that where formal social protection systems are largely absent, migration and remittances can perform a similar function informally, contributing significantly to development objectives. Remittances also have a positive effect on poverty alleviation and wealth creation, although the impacts on income distribution are mixed. From a policy perspective, these informal social protection and poverty alleviation mechanisms may be more effective in promoting development than policies designed to incorporate remittances into the formal financial systems. Migration and remittances play an increasingly valuable role in small states where domestic development opportunities are limited.


The experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) is the basic research wing of behavior analysis. Over time, many have raised concerns about the viability of EAB. In this article, I propose that the health of EAB is difficult to assess when looking in the wrong places. Instead, the selection pressures under which EAB researchers work simply support engaging with different scientific communities than applied behavior analysts.


We show some evidences that the Southeastern Brazilian Continental Shelf (SBCS) has a devil's staircase structure, with a sequence of scarps and terraces with widths that obey fractal formation
rules. Since the formation of these features is linked with the sea-level variations, we say that the
sea level changes in an organized pulsating way. Although the proposed approach was applied in
a particular region of the Earth, it is suitable to be applied in an integrated way to other shelves
around the world, since the analyses favor the revelation of the global sea-level variations.


Compounds and methods are described herein that can be used to treat subjects for conditions related to hepcidin activity, such as but not limited diseases of iron metabolism, beta thalassemia, hemochromatosis, iron-loading anemias, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C.


This study aims at understanding factors of an industrial product driving the sustainability and long-term survival. On the whole, sustainability in product design is an important issue for attracting and retaining customers around the world. Based on a printer case, this study attempted to determine sustainability factors in the product design based on a hybrid method of the conjoint analysis (CA), the fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) and the system dynamics (SD). In this approach, first, the optimal values of initial data are determined by CA. These values are entered into a FCM-SD model to evaluate the cause-and-effect relationships between factors of sustainability and long term scenarios. The results provide insights into which factors most strongly influence sustainability, namely, environmental, social, and economical factors. Hence, diverse scenarios at inter and intra-cluster levels were created to clarify the effects of variable changes on the model described.


In the last years, the amount of relevant information that individuals manage during their day-by-day interactions in real-life environments has been growing in exponential manner. Augmented reality is making the lives easier. Augmented reality deals with the concept that how digital world can enhance real world. It will simplify the lives and will facilitate decision making process by reducing the time dedicated to information search or looking for alternatives. It will completely change personal lives as eventually this technology will become as the second brain where all the information will be stored in a personal server about the important objects from everyday lives. I. e. imagine wearing Led lenses, just take a quick look at the refrigerator and it is already known what is in it without even opening it. Let's take a brief look on this stupendous technology which has promised to change rather improve our lives.


Background: Medical education has become dynamic and challenging. But teaching time has remained the same, In fact it is reduced to one year for I M.B.B.S. Though the curriculum is meant for I MBBS students, they were never involved directly in planning the curriculum and assessment methods. So this study is an effort to throw some light on what students feel about the current scenario. Materials and Method: Input from 200 I MBBS students were collected by using a questionnaire comprising of questions relating to the curriculum, teaching methodology and assessment techniques in the Department of Physiology at B. J. Medical College, Pune. Results :50% students felt that the duration of I MBBS should be 10-12 months while 31% felt that it should remain same (8-10 months). Regarding most enjoyable way of learning 46% students said Practical's are most enjoyable way of learning followed by Lectures (30%).About the usefulness of various teaching aids, 71% students felt that PowerPoint presentations are most helpful for understanding the topic. Students strongly felt that one system should be taught by single teacher (78.5%).For clinical demonstration in physiology, 55% students think ratio of teacher to student should be 1:25. Regarding assessment, 70% students felt that it should be at the end of each system. As far as the mode of assessment is concerned, 53% students felt that short answer questions are the most effective way of theory assessment Conclusion :Planning about the duration of course, teaching methodology and assessment techniques can be revised taking into consideration the student's opinion. [ Joshi H et al NJIRM 2012; 3(3) : 128-132]


Characteristic composition of the highly active effluents from nuclear reactors are examined. Allowable concentration of the radioactive isotopes in water, biological cycles of P/sup 32/, and of other isotopes are listed. Descriptions of various disposal methods as applied to effluents including dumping of solutions into the ocean, marine disposal of closed containers containing these effluents, and disposal into deep drilled wells are given. The accumulation of highly active liquids in the underground storages, concentration of active solutions for the purpose of obtaining salt mixtures, utilization of the ion exchange, the melting with aluminum silicates, and conversion into ceramic materials are also discussed. (auth)


A recent survey conducted in several countries shows that female-owned companies involved in the global market have substantial income. Will be more optimistic if their business prospects are balanced with adequate managerial skills, and focus more on business expansion rather than just thinking about domestic-oriented female-owned companies. International trade has encouraged the growth of women's businesses in many countries, due to an increase in managerial capacity. The global impact of women entrepreneurs is just beginning to get its intensity. The number of female business owners continues to increase steadily. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic tendencies in managerial skills of women entrepreneurs in Negeri Melaka. This illustrates the quality of women business owners as the key to their success in increasing the ability to develop with a more intense focus.


Manufacturing method of an organic electroluminescent device, comprising: Forming a switching element (T Forming a cathode (132) connected to the driving element (T Forming a buffer layer (134) on the cathode (132), wherein the buffer layer (134) comprises molybdenum; Forming a first passivation layer (144) on the buffer layer (134); Patterning the first passivation layer (144) and the buffer layer (134) so that a portion of the cathode (132) in the pixel region (P) is exposed; Forming an emission layer (146) on the patterned first passivation layer (144) and the exposed portion of the cathode (132); and Forming an anode (150) on the emission layer (146).


Background: Appendicitis is condition which describes and explain inflammation of appendix. Signs and symptoms of appendicitis are generally severe discomfort in lower right part of abdominal cavity, vomiting, nausea and loss of appetite while around 40% of people do not show these distinctive characteristics of appendicitis. For management of acute appendicitis appendectomy is required on urgent basis. The incidence of surgical wound infections or surgical sites infections are greatly reduced by administration of antibiotics prophylactically. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted for minor and major surgery patients of appendicitis at Sandman Provincial Hospital Quetta and Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta. The study was carried out over period of 4 months between May 2018 and September 2018. Convenient sampling method was adopted for enrolling study patients A standardized data collection form was developed based on recommendations of Center for Disease Control (CDC) guiding principle for inhibition of SSI was used. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan Quetta. Results: Results showed that majority of patients of appendicitis 133 (68.2%) were from age group 1 to 20 years. Majority of participants that had undergone surgery for appendicitis were male 114 (58.5%). Majority of respondents belonged to the urban area i.e 123. Outcomes on follow up showed majority of the patients had healed their wound which were using prescribed antibiotics for post-operative care. Only one patient reported the sepsis. Metronidazole was prescribed to most of the patient's i.e 183, Ceftriaxone to 162, Gentamicin to 155, Moxifloxacin to 19 among other antibiotics. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that antibiotics are rationally prescribed in tertiary care hospitals of Quetta, also prophylactic and post-operative prescribing of antibiotics yield the desired outcomes.


THE WAY TO SOLVING THE OBESITY problem may be through the gut, or at least through the hormones that emanate from it, according to evidence about the crucial role gut hormones play in regulating appetite and body weight. In a review summarizing 20 years of research on gut hormones, researchers highlight the role of such hormones in maintaining energy balance and how they might be exploited for the development of obesity treatments (Badman and Flier. Science. 2005;307: 1909-1911). This organ, research has revealed, has a highly redundant system of endocrine and neurological signals. "The gut is playing a much bigger role in regulating appetite, body weight, and metabolism than we knew before," Jeffrey S. Flier, MD, a professor of medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. This enhanced understanding of the physiological basis of obesity is helping physicians and patients to recognize obesity as a medical problem and not just a moral or societal problem, said Holly Wyatt, MD, an assistant professor of medicine and obesity expert at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver. "It's moved obesity into mainstream medicine," Wyatt said. "It allows people to think of it as a disease and to ask for help and not be as ashamed as they used to be."


The paper explains certain "fantastic" elements in myth and folk stories – such as dilatation of time or travel to other realms – by comparison to similar concepts in modern quantum physics, as being not so fantastic but possibly perceptions of real facts. Quantum physicists have already acknowledged that oriental philosophy has similar concepts to them. A new conception of reality can and should be derived from them. Moreover it is time to accept at a general level the fact that our scientifc theories are not descriptions of reality as it is, but rather, some ever-changing forms of understanding that can show or indicate a reality which is implicit. If this view is incorpotated as a principle in education, the gains for society at large are enormous.


The construction of digital resource is an important work of university library. This paper introduces the reasons of low utilization ratio of digital resources of library, and puts forward some measures for improving the utilization ratio of digital resources of university library.


Linostoma Wall. ex Endl.,a newly recorded genus of Thymelaeaceae from southwestern Guangxi,China is reported. Linostoma has only 3 species. The morphological description and the key to the species of Linostoma are provided,and the detailed morphological description and photographs of L. persimile Craib are provided.


Abstract  Vitellogenin (Vg) is an egg yolk protein that is produced primarily in the fat body of most female insects. In the advanced social structure of eusocial honeybees, the presence of the queen inhibits egg maturation in the workers' ovaries. However in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata, the workers always develop ovaries and lay a certain amount of eggs while provisioning the brood cells with larval food during what is known as the worker nurse phase. The present work is a comparative study of the presence of Vg in homogenates of the fat bodies and ovaries of the nurse workers, and the virgin and physogastric queens of M. quadrifasciata. The presence of Vg was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using Apis mellifera anti‐egg antibody. Vg was not detected in the fat bodies or ovaries of the workers, but it was found in the ovaries of virgin and physogastric queens and in the fat body of physogastric queens. The results are discussed, taking into account the reproductive state of the individuals and the other possible roles of Vg, such as a storage protein for metoabolism of other organs.


Abstract: On July 24, 2012, in Planned Parenthood Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota v. Rounds, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting en banc, considered the constitutionality of a suicide advisory portion of a South Dakota statute that required informed consent for abortions. The Eight Circuit found the advisory was constitutional because the information disclosures required by the statute were truthful, nonmisleading, and relevant to the patient's decision to have an abortion. The court relied in part on the Supreme Court's 2007 decision Gonzales v. Carhart, which held that Congress has the authority to legislate in the abortion context, even in areas of medical uncertainty. The Eighth Circuit, however, misapplied the reasoning of Gonzales and dangerously minimized the standard for scientific evidence in informed consent laws.IntroductionPlanned Parenthood of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and its medical director (Planned Parenthood) sued the state of South Dakota to prevent a 2005 statute amending the state's requirements for obtaining informed consent to an abortion from taking effect. 1 The statute required physicians to provide certain information to patients, including a written statement telling the pregnant woman that undergoing an abortion would subject her to an "[i]ncreased risk of suicide ideation and suicide" ("the suicide advisory").2 Planned Parenthood argued that the suicide advisory requires physicians to disclose to patients an untrue and misleading causal link between abortion and suicide.3 Planned Parenthood contended that this requirement imposes an undue burden on the right to obtain an abortion and violates the free speech rights of physicians.4On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit upheld the constitutionality of the suicide advisory.5 The Eighth Circuit relied in part on the reasoning in the Supreme Court's 2007 decision Gonzales v. Carhart, which held that Congress had the authority to enact a law banning certain abortion procedures, despite medical uncertainty over whether the law would impose significant health risks on women.6 Citing this reasoning, the Eight Circuit found that the South Dakota legislature had the authority to require the disclosure of increased risk of suicide, regardless of "'medical and scientific uncertainty'" as to whether abortion causes suicide.7I. South Dakota's Informed Consent Statute and Planned Parenthood's LawsuitIn 1993, South Dakota enacted a law requiring physicians to obtain voluntary and informed consent from all patients seeking abortions, except in medical emergencies.8 The informed consent provision requires physicians to disclose to the patient "the medical risks associated with abortion and with carrying [the] child to term . . . ."9 In 2005, the State enacted House Bill 1166 ("the Act"), which amended the 1993 statute.10 The Act expanded the disclosure requirements that doctors must provide to patients when obtaining informed consent to an abortion. 11 The new disclosure provisions required doctors to explain the biological effects of an abortion "on a whole, separate . . . living human being" and to give "[a] description of all known medical risks of the procedure and statistically significant risk factors to which [the woman] would be subjected, including . . . [i]ncreased risk of suicide ideation and suicide . . . ."12In June of 2005, Planned Parenthood and its medical director, Dr. Carol E. Ball, sued South Dakota to prevent the Act from taking effect, claiming that portions of the Act were unconstitutionally vague.13 Additionally, Planned Parenthood argued that several provisions of the Act, including the suicide advisory, constituted an undue burden on abortion rights and violated patients' and physicians' free speech rights.14 In response, South Dakota contended that the Act protects the due process liberty interests of women seeking abortions and ensures that these patients "fully appreciate[] the nature of the procedure and all of its risks to both herself and her child. …


In this manuscript, the authors examined the simulated dust cycle by five Earth System Models. They compared the simulated the dust dry and wet depositions, dust surface concentrations, and dust optical depths against measurements across the world at both annual and seasonal scales. Their results confirmed what's known to the dust research community, including that (i) the cutoff maximum dust size is important to the dust emission magnitude, and (ii) the ratio of dry to wet depositions is highly divergent between models. Furthermore, the authors found what's less known to the dust research community, including that (i) using identical nudged winds among models can improve the consistency between models in the dust cycle, and (ii) the divergent mass extinction efficiency between models explains why similar dust loads result in a large difference in optical depth.


At least 10.5 million children have been orphaned by covid-19. David Cox reports on the global efforts to recognise and secure a future for them


The tools that can be used towards the proper application of pavement preservation treatments are detailed here. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) allows funding eligibility for preservation projects, as it recognizes the importance of preservation. The new legislation requires that agencies must use a performance-based management approach to improving or preserving the condition of existing assets. Condition evaluation, performance modeling, and life-cycle cost analysis are some of the tools which can be used to assist decision-makers in the proper identification of suitable pavement sections and applicable preservation treatments, within the framework of a pavement management system (PMS).


Considering the trajectory of the colonization and political formation of Brazil, there is a series of impediments to the participation of a large part of the Brazilian population in the political sphere. Among them, the group of illiterates who, until today, are restricted in relation to active participation in the elections. In a way, it is a problem with historical and socio-political roots. From this, we seek to analyze the formation of citizenship of the illiterate in the country, considering the effects on the formation of the group identity. We also seek to reflect the issue of their (non) recognition, from readings of several works, including Axel Honneth and Jesse Souza.


This special issue emerged from two workshops on community-based learning: one at the Sixth International Conference on the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2004), held in Santa Monica, California, and the other at the International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2005), held in Taipei, Taiwan. A call for papers was issued as a follow-up to these stimulating workshops; 16 papers were submitted, of which six were accepted following a rigorous double-loop peer-reviewing process. This special issue is part of a wider discourse on learning communities, specifically the Conference Series on Communities and Technologies and related publications (Ackerman et al. 2003, Huysman et al. 2003, Huysman and Wulf 2004, Klamma et al. 2004, Stahl 2006). Within the perspective of the history of computers, interest in computer support for communities represents a logical progression. In the mid-twentieth century, computers were viewed as self-contained machines; designer's concerns stressed internal efficiency in terms of logical operations and memory allocation. It took visionaries like Bush (1945) and Engelbart (1962) to conceptualize computers as extenders of human intellect. Then designers had to consider human – computer interaction—how individuals actually used computer tools. Although the visionaries provided glimpses of interpersonal implications, most software development focused on tools for individual users and at best took human psychology into account. More recently, the fields of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), and communities and technologies (C&T) have begun to think about how small groups and communities of practice relate to computational infrastructures. Consideration of small groups brought in anthropologists and communication analysts. As we now expand to consider computer support for communities, social theorists and business management specialists also become involved in the multidisciplinary effort. Consideration of the community already includes the ultimate expansion to thinking about computers and the world. Groupware bleeds unnoticed into global applications: The burgeoning variety of internet-based communication media (IM, email, wiki, blog) bring the world together into a maze of community. At this point, computer artefacts become pervasive infrastructure and social practices of usage, far outstripping the plans of technology designers. Modern communities are learning communities in the sense that they evolve through the collective building of knowledge and the shifting participation of their members (Lave and Wenger 1991). Conversely, learning can be viewed in terms of a member's increasingly skilled participation in knowledge-based communities. The interplay of community members and the development of their participations are increasingly mediated by computers, networks, software, databases, websites, digital media, etc. The theme of computer support for learning communities is timely and significant. The papers collected here not only recognize the irresistible potential of computer support for learning communities, but at the same time delve into the ubiquitous barriers and social contradictions involved. They recognize that the design of community-based learning is not simply a matter of technological engineering, but integrally involves intransigent social issues. Existing community structures and educational institutions evolved to meet the needs of a bygone era; adapting them to a high-tech knowledge society confronts conflicts that would not even occur to armchair designers. To uncover and explore these realities of developing learning communities, each paper in this special issue (a) investigates a concrete real-world case, and (b) subjects data from that case to scientific analysis. The results may not always be encouraging, but they are thought provoking and important.


Oats (Avena sativa L.) with high grain β-glucan content may be useful for both human nutrition and animal feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen and irrigation levels on oat grain β-glucan content. In this study, higher levels of nitrogen increased oat grain β-glucan content in both years. Nitrogen levels at 100 kg ha -1 (N2) gave the greatest β-glucan content. Increased levels of irrigation tended to decrease grain β-glucan content in oats. Cultivar effect on oat grain β-glucan content was significant. Generally, the "804" line had the highest grain β-glucan content in all treatments. Significant and positive correlations between grain β-glucan content and grain yield, protein content, 1000-grain weight and test weight were observed while a negative correlation between β-glucan content and hull percentage was significant in both years. The results of this study indicated that cultivars and increased nitrogen amounts had a major effect on grain β-glucan content, whereas irrigation had no effect on grain βglucan content in oats.


Objective To observe the characteristics of high and low metastatic potential HCC cells uptake FDG,and the correlation of it and glucose transporter expression.Methods FDG-cells binding experiments were carried out.FDG uptake pattern was observed and the different metastatic potential HCC cells were analyzed.The cells and FDG were co-incubated 60 minutes,and the outflow and absorption rates were measured each 20 min interval.Expression of Glut1 and Glut3 were detected in two cells line.Results Between the high and low metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cells,FDG uptake rate was no statistical difference(P0.05).But outflow and absorption rates had statistical difference between two cells line(P0.05).Outflow and absorption rates had significantly positive correlation by Pearson correlation test.FDG uptake related indices Glut1 and Glut3 were no statistical difference between two cells line.FDG uptake rates with Glut1 and Glut3 of two cells line existed the different correlation.Conclusion FDG uptake rate can't distinct the different potential of HCC cells.FDG outflow and absorption rates in HCC cells line with different metastatic potential are the concrete performance of hepatocellular carcinoma biological behavior.


Objective: to understand the daily work and access to health services of female sex workers. Methods: qualitative research using the ethnographic method. Participant observation with record in a field journal, semi-structured interviews, and a form with sociodemographic data were used for the data collection. For data analysis, thematic analysis was associated to ethnography. Results: four thematic categories emerged: insertion in prostitution; family relationships; suffering and illness; and access to health services. Conclusion: the daily life of the women is marked by precarious working conditions and the search for health services to solve specific problems at their own initiative. The work routine in this context places women in situations of clinical and social fragility, exposing them to vulnerabilities in health.


Article 43 of the Administrative Enforcement Act concerns administrative enforcement time limit and prohibits the refusal to perform prestation,which reflects two kinds of interest: civil rights protection and the control of administrative authority.There are defects in the design and content of the legislation such as its potential conflict with other rules in the same section.The administrative enforcement and its time limit could be improved by preventing the abuse of power and protecting rights.The legal basis,application condition,and procedural requirements should be enhanced.The proposals for perfecting Article 43 of Administrative Enforcement Act are advanced.


4 Abstract: This study was conducted with a view to comparing blood platelet levels of athletes who do sports regularly in various branches at least for five years with those of sedentary university students. The study contained 36 voluntary students- 18 athletes doing sports in various branches and 18 sedentary university students- at the age interval of 20-22. Volunteers were selected among those who do not regularly take drugs, alcohol and any other harmful substance. After the volunteers were provided with information concerning the study, they were measured for their physical attributes such as body height and body weight and their blood samples were taken. Volunteers were warned not to take in any food or liquid after 22:00 PM in the night before blood samples were taken. Blood samples taken from the volunteers from their forearm antecubital area in line with hygiene rules were analyzed in the central laboratory by means of an auto-analyzer for haematological levels such as platelets (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW). Independent samples t test was used in order to determine the difference among groups. p<0.05 value was accepted as significant. The study revealed that the differences in PLT, MPV and PCT levels among the groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). As a conclusion, despite the fact that red blood cells were within the reference interval, the positive difference in favour of athletes against sedentary students at the same age interval is considered to be owing to athletes' regular participation in exercise, life quality and nutrition habits.


The main wood quality problem affecting poplar trees is tension wood occurrence associated to end-splits after felling, distortions of products, woolly wood, etc. The objective of this study was to estimate the occurrence of tension wood by using the external shape of the stem and the 3D distribution of annual growth rings. This paper is the first of two papers and presents the inter-clonal and intra-tree tension wood variability. A clear clonal-effect was observed on tension wood area percentage (I-MC>I214>Luisa Avanzo). The clone with the best tree morphology (I-MC) showed the highest percentage of tension wood (15.3%). Concerning the intra-tree variability, tension wood extent increased significantly at the tree base (< 30-50 cm). In the radial direction of the stem, the percentage of tension wood showed an U-shape distribution. The first peak, close to the pith, corresponds to the "establishment growth period" during the open growth and the second peak, close to the bark corresponds to the "competition growth period".


"his article summarizes applications of sol-gel coatings to modify surface properties, and the process is illustrated with several examples. The use of azobenzene-modified silanes leads to a photoswitchable coating displaying light-controlled wettability. Silane coupling reactions are used to coat surfaces with polymers, in order to hinder the ice crystal growth on surfaces. Liquid-like coatings based on poly(ethylene glycol) show anti-adhesive properties to lime. The preparation of aerogels could be improved by selecting proper silanes as coupling agents to the inner surface of the pores. These examples illustrate that sol-gel processes based on silianation reactons are most promising for industrial applications.


Palliative care is a specialized area of nursing practice, but also one which embraces all people who are living with a life-limiting or life-threatening illness. The purpose of palliative care is to enable a person and their family or significant others to live as full a life as possible within the constraints of the health condition. Palliative interventions often begin at an early stage of a long-term or life-limiting illness and may be concurrent with active treatment interventions. Palliative care continues until death, and although many palliative care services are delivered by specialist teams, general nurses will also be involved with people in a range of clinical or domestic environments. This chapter discusses the general principles of palliative care and considers how these may be translated into general nursing practices.


This case study of a team-taught learning community that integrates American history and liter ature focuses on student team presentations. We argue for the need to train students to learn actively, and we describe strategies for teaching students how to pre pare for and present interdisciplinary team presenta tions. One finding is that training students for active learning does not detract from the content, but rather deepens and enriches it; another finding is that stu dents are more likely to integrate disciplines success fully if faculty are skillful at integrating disciplines. For the past five spring semesters, we have co-taught a six-credit learning community that integrates two catalog courses, one in American history and the other in American literature, both focus ing on the post-Civil War period. We call the course Modern Times. When our col laboration began in 1998, we mostly played tag: "And now to you, Dan." "Thanks, Jane. On the history side of things. . . ." We spent much time coordi nating our content (for example, Walt Whitman's "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" was tied to an essay about building the Jane H. Oitzinger is a professor of English and Daniel C. Kallgren is an associate professor of history, both at the University of Wisconsin Marinette. Brooklyn Bridge), but we stuck with our pedagogical styles: Jane preferred small group work followed by full-group dis cussion, and Dan preferred lectures and storytelling. We were happy enough with the first semester, when we were blessed with an energetic group, but we became disen chanted the second semester when faced with a passive class. Our initial impulse was to blame students for our 1999 cha grin, but as Giampetro-Meyer and Hole note, the environments that faculty mem bers create often lead to the problems that they encounter (1997, 92). Indeed, Mod ern Times?a faculty-centered and disci pline-oriented course?was a learning community only in name. Over the next two years, we experimented with collabo rative strategies, and in 2002 we found an approach that worked for us and our stu dents: student team presentations preceded by extensive training on presenting texts. Taking Research Seriously Our approach takes research on inte grative, collaborative teaching and learn ing seriously. There is an abundance of similar research. For example, Winter, McClelland, and Stewart conducted an in-depth study of eight liberal arts col leges and concluded that the experience of having to integrate two or more disciplines at the same time, guided by faculty committed to and encouraging such integration, brings about greater cog nitive growth than does studying the same material in separate courses without the consciously integrative rubric. (1981, 166) Likewise, in a meta-analysis of twenty years of educational research, Pascarella and Terenzini found that "a curriculum experience that requires the integration of ideas and themes across courses and dis ciplines enhances critical thinking over simply taking a distribution of courses without an integrative rationale or theme" (1991, 158). They also found that peer teaching assignments facilitate "greater intrinsic motivational processes than sim ply learning to be tested" and result in "significantly higher conceptual learning of the material"; moreover, students per ceive "themselves to be more actively engaged in the course" (99). In a similar vein, Pascarella and Terenzini found that


Black Business Owners Overcoming Barriers in Texas by Henry Williams MS, Pace University, 2003 BA, Monroe College, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University November 2018 Abstract Black entrepreneurs in the state of Texas reported that they did not achieve the same level of success as nonminority enterprises. Many Black entrepreneurs have obtained education from top tier institutions and have the managerial experiences, skills, and working knowledge that facilitate business success, but they are not able to sustain business growth. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black Texan entrepreneurs. This research was established using the conceptual framework of human capital. The overarching research question concernedBlack entrepreneurs in the state of Texas reported that they did not achieve the same level of success as nonminority enterprises. Many Black entrepreneurs have obtained education from top tier institutions and have the managerial experiences, skills, and working knowledge that facilitate business success, but they are not able to sustain business growth. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black Texan entrepreneurs. This research was established using the conceptual framework of human capital. The overarching research question concerned the lived experiences of Black Texas entrepreneurs who were not as successful in business as their counterparts. Data were collected in the form of semistructured face-toface interviews with 14 Black participants, using the African American Chamber of Commerce to facilitate networking among Black entrepreneurs. NVivo 11 software was used for data codification and thematic reduction. Emergent themes included (a) feeling good about being in business, (b) resourcefulness in business, (c) network advertising systems, (d) education, (e) having alternative plans if business closes, (f) feeling independent, and (g) activeness in business. The implications for positive social change include the potential for advising researchers on barriers confronted by Black entrepreneurs and potential steps to overcome those barriers. Additionally, scholars have recognized the need for greater understanding of how businesses are structured and managed by Black business-owners because this knowledge is vital to creating business prosperity for Black entrepreneurs who have dreams of becoming business owners. Black Business Owners Overcoming Barriers Faced by Black Entrepreneurs in Texas by Henry Williams MS, Pace University, 2003 BA, Monroe College, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


In order to enrich scientific discussions, to promote the discovery of Montreal's urban and cultural environment and its particular challenges in the field of heritage, and to support new partnership in research and training, the five days of the conference include numerous activities of inquiry and dialog in various areas linked to industrial heritage, as architecture, urban planning, gastronomy, music, cinema, etc. Well-known guest speakers will also be heard. Visit patrimoine.uqam.ca regularly for more details. This XVIII TICCIH Congress considers the manifestations, discourses, policies, and stakes of industrial heritage—as an artifact, a phenomenon, a tool of empowerment; in communities, societies, or any material or mental environment. It seeks to strengthen the investigation and the understanding of industrial heritage as an inclusive topic to be addressed from diverse geographical regions and disciplinary fields, such as public history, memory studies, museology, archaeology, tourism studies, architecture and planning, urban studies, archaeology, geography, sociology, cultural studies, political science, anthropology, ethnology and artistic research. Subthemes range from the legacies of the Second Industrial Revolution to the future of working-class, company towns to heritage-based sustainable development, deindustrialization to issues of urban preservation. to session organizers following of their assessment by the scientific committee.


Recently, Valiant's Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning theory
has been extended to learning m-dependent data. With this extension, training
data set size for sigmoid neural networks have been bounded without underlying assumptions
for the distribution of the training data. These extensions allow learning
theory to be applied to training sets which are definitely not independent samples of
a complete input space. In our work, we are developing length independent measures
as training data for protein classification. This paper applies these learning theory
methods to the problem of training a sigmoid neural network to recognize protein
biological activity classes as a function of protein primary structure. Specifically, we
explore the theoretical training set sizes for classifiers using the full amino acid sequence
of the protein as the training data and using length independent measures as
the training data. Results show bounds for training set sizes given protein size limits
for the full sequence input compared to bounds for input that is sequence length
independent.


In spite of Nigeria's bounteous oil wealth and agricultural resources, poverty is still prevalent in the country. It is a known fact that poverty is widespread in the urban areas but it is more endemic in the rural areas where a high percentage of Nigeria's total food production comes from. There is therefore a need to complement macro studies with micro-studies on poverty. Hence, this study evaluated the poverty situation of farming households in selected areas in Ibadan, Oyo state. Primary data were collected from farming households in selected areas in Ibadan Zone of Oyo state with the aid of well structured questionnaires using multistage sampling procedure. The first stage involved the selection of three local government areas namely: Akinyele, Ido and Egbeda local government areas. These local governments were purposively selected because of their fairly large concentration of villages with representative nature of typical rural areas. The second stage involves a random selection of villages in each local government. In the last stage, 172 households were randomly chosen proportionate to the number of households in the villages selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and Tobit regression model. The incidence of poverty or the percentage of people who are MPI poor was 50.58% and the average intensity of MPI poverty across the poor among the sampled households was 48.7%. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for the sampled households was 0.246. The Tobit regression revealed that a unit increase in age, years of education and access to infrastructures by the farming household heads will lead to 0.0093, 0.0969 and 0.2287 decrease in poverty respectively. The study concludes that the level of impoverishment is high with more than half of the farming households being poor.


A RFID-Based Smart Shelving Storage System in UHF band is presented for localization of tagged items with specific reference to a pharmacy drawer for drug storage. Employing RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) information during drawer opening and closing movements, a classification of the tagged item is achieved. During drawer movements, the relative position of tag and reader antenna changes, so allowing for uncorrelated RSSI measurements to exploit with a linear classifier. Measurements in a real scenario are carried out with commercial tags and reader antennas. Location performance is presented in terms of the probability of making a correct decision.


Departing from the conventional feature-oriented approach, this study introduces event system theory to highlight the importance of salient workplace events in shaping employees' motivation for entrepreneurship and to uncover how the spatial and temporal issues inherent in the event of ex-leaders' entrepreneurial endeavor may combine to influence employees' entrepreneurial intention. The results of two time-lagged studies reveal that ex-leaders' entrepreneurial success, relational proximity, and time proximity interact to affect employees' entrepreneurial intention such that the positive impact of ex-leaders' entrepreneurial success on employees' entrepreneurial intention is stronger in the presence of high relational proximity and time proximity. The results further indicate that employees' entrepreneurial self-efficacy functions as a crucial mechanism in translating this impact of ex-leaders' entrepreneurial endeavor. These findings highlight the value of an event-oriented approach to investigating the impact of workplace events on employee outcomes.


Epitaxial thin films of La2CuSnO6 have been grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by a pulsed laser deposition method. The obtained films had the layered arrangement of Cu2+ and Sn4+ ions and also the 2-fold superstructure within the ab plane making a 2a×2a×2c tetragonal double-perovskite unit cell. Analysis of the interface between the La2CuSnO6 film and the SrTiO3 substrate has revealed that the first B-site cation of the prepared La2CuSnO6 film is Cu. We have also succeeded in controlling the Cu/Sn ordering in the perovskite structure by changing the deposition temperature. The dielectric constant of the layered thin film is as twice as that of the random film suggesting the large anisotropic dielectric property of La2CuSnO6.


Dr. Derm logged into his office computer system, only to find a ransom note from a hacker, asking for money in exchange for the safe return of his patients' records. Who are these hackers? How do they gain access? What should Dr. Derm do?


This article covers very wide ground—from the Rigveda to quantum mechanics, dashavatara to molecular biology—to offer some insights into the relationships between evolution, religion, science and creativity. The author laments the unreached goal of human peace and harmony despite all the valuable achievements of spiritual giants and scientific geniuses across history. Perhaps even an unknown God would be a better choice than a God-less world, he reflects.


Purpose of study: Despite insights gained by bulk DNA sequencing of cancer it remains challenging to resolve "mixed signals", i.e. the admixture of normal and tumor cells, and/or of distinct tumor subclones. Bulk sequencing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been particularly problematic due to the high stromal content and resulting low tumor cellularity. Strategies to account for this have included laser capture microdissection yet this is a laborious process not amenable to high-throughput pipelines. We sought to develop and apply a high-throughput, high-depth, targeted single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) method to account for these issues, including the ability to extract high quality genomic information from low purity and archival samples.
 Experimental procedures: Bulk whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 29 biologically distinct samples. For single cell sequencing, we developed a custom panel containing 186 amplicons covering 93 genes that represent the most common germline and somatic targets reported in PDAC. Based on a commercially available system that enables automatic enzymatic and mechanical tissue disruption with integrated fluidic processes, we optimized a nuclei extraction workflow from frozen tissues that is highly compatible with downstream microdroplet-based single-cell encapsulation and library preparation. With it we generated scDNA-seq data from archival tissues of 15 PDAC patients at varying stages of the disease. Results were compared to that found in matched bulk sequencing data.
 Summary of new, unpublished data and conclusions: 42 samples were analyzed by single cell sequencing. Our nuclei extraction workflow generated on average 2867 single cell libraries per sample at >80X read depth. The single-cell results aligned well with matched bulk data in terms of the detection of key genetic variants and their variant allele frequency (VAF). We also identified additional driver variants not seen by WES, some with direct clinical evidence. Benefits of this workflow over preexisting methods are its speed of sample preparation, efficiency of sample use (particularly for small samples), flexibility by allowing for storage of excess extracted nuclei, and economy of scale. Together, these features support preparation of large numbers of cancer samples in a relatively short period of time.
 Citation Format: Haochen Zhang, Elias-Ramzey Karnoub, Ronan Chaligné, Ignas Masilionis, Alvin Makohon-Moore, Jungeui Hong, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue. Optimization of high-throughput, high-depth, targeted single-cell DNA sequencing to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 59.


This paper explores the role of corruption in a two-country model with fiscal spillovers. In the absence of cooperation on governance issues, countries always have a strategic incentive to appoint policymakers whose aversion to corruption is lower than average. An international agreement is a precondition for placing corruption fighters at the head of governments.


The expression levels of many genes change after treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected subjects by antiretroviral drugs. High‐throughput analysis of tremendous datasets led to the discovery of genes that are implicated in the treatment pathways. In this study, we performed a gene‐enrichment analysis after determining the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between untreated HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative subjects and also between treated HIV‐positive subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART; who receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–based ART) and untreated HIV‐positive cases in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), adipose, and muscle tissues. In sum, the genes that activate inflammatory, immune response, proliferation, metabolism, and viral involvement pathways have different expression patterns in the untreated HIV‐positive subjects and treated HIV‐positive cases. Moreover, the expression levels of the genes including ACLY, ALDH18A1, HADHA, and YARS in the PBMCs tissue and HBEGF, PKN3, DEGS2, and EDN3 in the fat tissue were found to be different in the HIV‐infected patients, which can be considered as new biomarkers for HIV infection.


This paper puts forward one Elevator Door Access Management System solution based on the technology of RFID,in order to enhance Elevator Door Access Management System intelligent management,which components on system architecture,the realization of technology Principle,hardware component,software architecture and system function.Besides,the key technology design thought of IC card Block design,searching,reading,and issuing RFID label design,is analyzed in this paper.For Elevator Door Access Management System,calling and using the elevator according to non-contact RFID label is used to realize the function of people access and integrated operation by the Conversion Board making use of Cable Call integrated operation Protocol.


HIV entry inhibitors have emerged as a new generation of anti-retroviral drug that block viral fusion with the CXCR4 and CCR5 membrane co-receptors. In the last few years, many such entry inhibitors have been developed, and several are currently in clinical trials. However, because no crystal structures for the co-receptor proteins are available, the binding modes of the known inhibitors within the coreceptor extracellular pockets need to be analyzed using site-directed mutagenesis and computational experiments.


The synthesis of novel triazeno-group containing photopolymers is described including their characterization by spectroscopic methods, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Triazene polymers synthesized by a polycondensation reaction between a bisdizaonium salt and a bifunctional secondary amine are well soluble in usual organic solvents. Transparent, light yellow films of these photopolymers may be produced by simple spin-coating and solution-casting techniques. The effect of polymer structural elements on the photolytic decomposition is studied. Depending on the structure of the polymer, thermolysis proceeds either via a one-step or two-step mechanism.


Local arrangements around Te atoms in TeO_2-Li_2O glasses with four different Li_2O contents (15, 20, 25, and 30 mol %) are observed by Te K EXAFS spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction by making use of synchrotron radiation. EXAFS results based on the two-shell fitting method indicate that interatomic distances of Te-O in axial (ax) sites decrease from 0.208 to 0.197 nm with increasing Li_2O contents, while distances between tellurium atom and oxygen atoms in equatorial (eq) sites change slightly from 0.190 to 0.188 nm. Total coordination numbers seem to decrease slightly with increasing Li_2O contents. These results suggest the coordination states of tellurium atoms are changed from TeO_4 trigonal bipyramids to TeO_3+1 polyhedra and TeO_3 trigonal pyramids. RDF results also suggest the change of coordination states of tellurium atoms. TeO_3+1 polyhedra in glasses are considered to be connected at the vertices with Te-_eq O_ax-Te or Te-_ax O_ax-Te linkage as seen in crystalline α-Li_2Te_2O_5.


Reference to the geological maps of the Orkney and Shetland Islands shows a striking difference in the rock formation of the two groups. While Orkney consists mainly of Old Red Sandstone, with the result that its flora is closely connected with that of Caithness, the islands of Shetland (which number about a hundred) have a very varied geological formation. Although a large area is covered with a layer of peat, extensive outcrops of sandstone, schists, limestone, granite, and serpentine can be found.


Most public horticulture professionals realize the importance of living plant collections, but few have more than a general idea of how much these collections are used. As funds become tighter, public horticulture professionals will constantly seek ways to maximize the return from all aspects of their organization--including their collections. This research involved surveying staff at three public gardens and arboreta, and determining how much each institution used its collections in its programs during fiscal year 1992-1993. The three institutions were the Arnold Arboretum, Longwood Gardens and the Morris Arboretum. The research method consisted of staff interviews and data collection at each of the institutions to document how pertinent activities and programs used the living collections. These uses were then summarized and compared with the institution's mission statement. Results will be valuable to public horticulture professionals who are interested in maximizing the use of their institution's collections. The method of evaluation and the case studies presented in this paper will provide these professionals with tools and information to duplicate the research in their own institution. It will provide these professionals with the means necessary to make good decisions regarding the collections at their institutions.


The invention relates to a material crusher, in particular relates to a special material crusher device for a pot-type furnace, and specifically relates to a crushing and discharging device of petroleum coke after calcination in the pot-type furnace. The special material crusher device for the pot-type furnace comprises a dual-output speed reducer, wherein the dual-output speed reducer is driven by a power device and connected with transmission shafts at the two sides through a coupling; an eccentric wheel is arranged on the end part of each transmission shaft; each eccentric wheel is connected with a pulling plate; the pulling plate is connected with a pawl on the end part of a material pot through at least one pair of connecting rods; and each pair of material pots are arranged in an imaging mode. The device provided by the invention is simple in structure and is safe and reliable, is essential important equipment in the calcining process; and moreover, the faults that during the work of the material crusher device, vibration is generated, the pulling plate is easy to deform and the like, are reduced, the crushing and discharging control is realized better, the motor power is greatly reduced, investment is saved, the fault rate of the material crusher device is effectively reduced, the labor intensity of workers is eased, and the calcining quality and efficiency are improved.


It's a long process to actualize the country elementary school and high school modern distance educations in GuiZhou province,we analyze the situation of the educational mode,anatomy the deep problem of the country elementary school and high school modern times distance educations in GuiZhou province,and find countermeasure to expedite its proceedings.