Segregation and recombination of six characteristics in 287 Rils of Lemont/Teqing were investigated using Cheng's indica/japonica rice classification index. The population has a continuous distribution of total value, a little inclining to japonica type. Most of the Rils were classified into intermediate type. The genetic compose according to 154 RFLP loci had a distribution with more extreme individuals, a little inclining to Teqing. There was a low correlation between the Cheng'S total value and genetic compose. The distribution, recombination of different characters and the correlation between different characters and total value was also analyzed.


The massive amount of data produced during simulation on high-performance computers has grown exponentially over the past decade, exacerbating the need for streaming compression and decompression methods for efficient storage and transfer of this data—key to realizing the full potential of large-scale computational science. Lossy compression approaches such as JPEG when applied to scientific simulation data realized as a stream of images can achieve good compression rates but at the cost of introducing compression artifacts and loss of information. This paper develops a unified framework for in situ compression artifact removal in which the fully convolutional neural network architectures are combined with scalable training, transfer learning, and experience replay to achieve superior accuracy and efficiency while significantly decreasing the storage footprint as compared with the traditional optimization-based approaches. We demonstrate the proposed approach and compare it with compressed sensing postprocessing and other baseline deep learning models using climate simulations and nuclear reactor simulations, both of which are driven by hyperbolic partial differential equations. Our approach when applied to remove the compression artifacts on the JPEG-compressed nuclear reactor simulation data (using a transfer-trained model that was pretrained on the climate simulation data and updated incrementally as the nuclear reactor simulation progressed), achieved a significant improvement—mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 42.438 as compared with 27.725 obtained with the compressed sensing approach.


In this month's Tech.View, Bauerecker and Neidhart describe a technique that creates ice and snow particles, allowing researchers to investigate, among other things, the changing shape of a snowflake.


Optical image storage was investigated by an all-optical poling method in thermal-crosslinked azo-polyurethane films. During the writing process, samples were irradiated simultaneously by the coherent superposition of the 1064-nm fundamental and the 532-nm second-harmonic light of a nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. This optical image storage provides a micropatterning of the second-order susceptibility for polymer films, which can transfer an infrared reading beam into a visible signal for optical processing.


With this study we want to investigate the relationship between depression and burnout syndrome, in its three dimensions emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal realization. This research was conducted with a convenience sample of 499 nurses who work in theAlgarve larger Hospitals, and the instruments used were the depression subscale of EADS 21 of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995, in the Portuguese adaptation by Pais Ribeiro, Honrado, & Leal, 2004), and MBI of Maslach and Jackson (1981, in the Portuguese adaptation for nurses by Parreira & Sousa, 2000). This result, lead us to suggest that although the depression disorder in the workplace can occur as a manifestation of burnout, however, the reverse seems to be not clear. So, we cannot say that burnout is a manifestation of depression. We conclude that these two entities are different constructs, although they may have common features.


The following is an excerpt from a letter Lederberg wrote to Cambridge Mayor Alfred E. Vellucci defending genetic recombinant
 research at Harvard University. The letter was one of several written by some leading biologists at the time. Dr. Lederberg's
 letter, along with ones by Howard M. Termin and Arthur Kornberg were included as part of an article entitled, "The Case
 Against Genetic Engineering" by George Wald in the September-October 1976 issue of The Sciences.


R325-lTK+, a herpes simplex virus 1 mutant carrying a 500-base-pair deletion in the a22 gene and the wild-type (,) thymidine kinase (TK) gene, was previously shown to grow efficiently in HEp-2 and Vero cell lines. We report that in rodent cell lines exemplified by the Rat-1 line, plating efficiency was reduced and growth was multiplicity dependent. A similar multiplicity dependence for growth and lack of virus spread at low multiplicity was seen in resting, confluent human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. The shutoff of synthesis of 0 proteins was delayed and the duration of synthesis of y proteins was extended in R325-PTK+-infected HEL cells relative to cells infected with the wild-type parent, but no significant differences were seen in the total accumulation of viral DNA. To quantify the effect on late (Y2) gene expression, a recombinant carrying the deletion in the a22 gene and a 'y2-TK gene (R325-Y2TK) was constructed and compared with a wild-type virus (R3112) carrying a chimeric y2-TK gene. In Vero cells, the Y2-TK gene of R325-y2TK was expressed earlier than and at the same level as the y2-TK gene of R3112. In the confluent resting HEL cells, the expression of the 'y2-TK gene of the a22virus was grossly reduced relative to that of the at22+ virus. Electron microscopic studies indicated that the number of intranuclear capsids of R325-,TK' virus was reduced relative to that of the parent virus in resting confluent HEL cells, but the number of DNA-containing capsids was higher. Notwithstanding the grossly reduced neurovirulence on intracerebral inoculation in mice, R325-DTK+ virus was able to establish latency in mice. We conclude that (i) the a22 gene affects late (?2) gene expression, and (ii) a host cell factor complements that function of the aL22 gene to a greater extent in HEp-2 and Vero cells than in confluent, resting HEL cells.


Abstract Illicit use of prescription drugs (e.g. modafinil) to enhance academic performance – termed cognitive enhancement (CE) – is a legal, health, and ethical issue. Guided by Bandura's social cognitive theory of moral thought and action, this study investigated whether student users of CE evidenced specific psychosocial mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of moral disengagement) when explaining their reasons for CE. Following ethical approval from the lead author's institution, in-depth-semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine students with experience of CE. Data were content analysed deductively, using definitions for the eight mechanisms of moral disengagement; six of the eight mechanisms were identified through data analysis: diffusion of responsibility (DR), advantageous comparison (AC), distortion of consequences (DCs), displacement of responsibility, moral justification, and euphemistic labelling. In addition, inductive data analysis identified three further themes; self-medication, family and friends, and institutional position. Overall, the study findings suggest students may morally disengage to justify and rationalise use of CE to minimise negative emotional responses (e.g. guilt) that may be expected to result given the potential legal-, health-, and ethics-based deterrents to CE.


The increase of the share of distributed generations (DGs) based on renewable energy sources, which mostly reside in distribution networks, in current power systems can cause stability problems because traditionally the power is fed by bulk power plants through transmission systems. Accordingly, clustering power system approach (CPSA) has been devised to facilitate the integration of DGs to the power systems. Its key concept is to expand the mature control scheme and action of the transmission systems down to the distribution networks. Furthermore, the CPSA is aimed to be a solution for achieving future smart grids. In this paper, the principle of the CPSA and a strategy for CPSA-based power system operation for smart grids automation are delineated first. Then, a load flow calculation application is introduced for the demonstration of the CPSA-based power system operation. In the demonstration, online load flow calculation is performed under an exemplified interconnected clusters structure.


St. Louis can congratulate itself on keeping down the number of city youngsters who get into trouble. Nation-wide, juvenile delinquency has risen sharply. But in the city, the number of juvenile cases has shown almost no increase at all in the past three years. The city's good record in the last three years is not the result of luck or happenstance. Three things are very important in the city's success curbing juvenile crime. For one thing, the city has invested more money in its juvenile court since a National Probation and Parole Association report, issued in 1957, criticized neglect of this important institution. Secondly, the circuit court has assigned an excellent juvenile judge, David B. McMullan, to the court on a full-time basis. Thirdly, the St. Louis Police Department has an outstanding juvenile division under Capt. Adolph Jacobsmeyer. The NPPA report recommended that his staff be increased. It takes time to convince a community of the need for an organization to properly handle youngsters who are getting off on the wrong foot. St. Louis has not done everything it should, but it has made great strides in the past few years.


The coming space colonization will involve the possibility of establishing Space Stations (Gateways in the NASA jargon) at some Lagrangian Points in the vicinity of the Earth (5 points in the Earth-Moon system plus 2 more in the Sun-Earth system). Independently of this, the Moon Farside is the only place around the Earth that man-made radio frequency interferences (RFI) clearly cannot reach. In other words, a radio telescope or an array of antennas located in the centre of the Moon Farside would be able to achieve radio observations enormously clean and sensitive. In this paper we study the problems of radio wave diffraction that arise from the future RFI produced at the Lagrangian Points with particular regard to the frequency bands that are important in radioastronomical research. It is hoped that the future exploitation of the Moon Farside by several space-faring nations will take into account the "ecological" need to preserve at least the central part of the Moon Farside. In our understanding, this means the creation of an official RFI-Free Zone within a circle centered at crater Daedalus (i.e at around the antipode of the Earth) and extending 30 degrees in both latitude and longitude. SELECTING SOME LAGRANGIAN POINTS AS LOCATIONS FOR FUTURE SPACE BASES In a rotating two-body system five points exist in which the resulting gravity field is zero. These positions are called « libration points » or 'Lagrangian Points' after the Italian-French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange (17361813), who proved this result mathematically in 1772. Three of these points (L1, L2 and L3) are called 'colinear points' because located in the line joining the Earth and the Moon. The remaining two (L4 and L5) form two equilaterar triangles with the Earth and Moon and so are called 'triangular points' (see Fig. 1). NASA is currently studying the possibility of establishing future space bases at some of the libration points of the Earth-Moon system, in particular at the L1 point. In order to find out which Lagrangian point will be more suitable to host a future Space Base, it helps considering the spacecraft escape velocities from such points. In ref. [1] these escape velocities were computed by taking in account the angular velocity of the Moon around the Earth, and they turned out to be vEsc-L1-FORWARD = 0.7151198 km s vEsc-L2-FORWARD = 0.1565154 km s 2 vEsc-L3-FORWARD = 0.4094551 km s vEsc-L4-FORWARD = 0.4217945 km s where the word "forward" refers to the fact that the spacecraft is supposed to leave the relevant Lagrangian point in the direction of advancing Moon. From the above list of numbers, it plainly appears that the Earth-Moon Lagrangian point L2 would be the best solution to set up there a Space Base for which to depart for future space missions to the outer solar system, like going to Mars, Jupiter, the asteroids, and so on. However, the L2 point is located right above the Farside, at 61.347 km from the Moon center. Then, a large space station located there, would flood the Farside with its own radio noise, thus spoiling the only location free from Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) still available to humankind. In view of these problems, we shall keep L2 outside of our study, and in this paper we will consider the cases relative to the L4, L5 and L1 Lagrangian points. The L3 point remains hidden from the Moon, i.e. behind the Earth at all times. Fig. 1: The 5 Lagrangian Point of Earth-Moon system. Shown are the distances from Earth and Moon expressed in terms of Earth-Moon distance R. EXTENDING THE « QUIET CONE » CONCEPT In generic terms, the Farside of the Moon is free of man-made RFI coming from the Earth. Moreover, above the Farside itself, a conical region extends into space (called "Quiet Cone" by C. Maccone in Ref. [2]), that is tangent to the Moon surface and has its apex approximately at 16.000 km from the center of the Moon in the (important) case of RFI produced in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). This region is radio-quiet because all radio waves emitted from the Earth surface, as well as by the Telecommunication Satellites orbiting around the Earth, are shielded by the Moon spherical body. The purpose of this paper is a detailed study of the RFI propagation on the Moon Farside since this would impact upon an array of radio antennas located there. This array would receive all radio signals from the Universe with an unprecedented degree of cleanliness and details. Because of this goal of ours we have to extend the "Quiet Cone" concept to all man made RFIsources and not only to the Earth-based and the telecommunication satellites put in geostationary orbit. If a source of the radio interferences is an "extended object", such as the Earth or a satellite orbit, the Quiet Cone is well defined as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: The Earth-Moon system (not to scale!). The shaded region is the "Quiet Cone" created by an extended Radio Frequency Interference source like the Earth. By definition, it is not possible to put a satellite into a circular orbit around the Earth at a distance larger than Lagrangian point L1 (located at 323.050 km). Because of this, we have to keep in into account all the "Quiet Cones" generated by: 1. Satellites orbiting the Earth at a distance smaller than the Earth-Moon Lagrangian Point L1 distance. When this distance equals L1 we obtain the worst case of RFI pollution on the Moon Farside, because the relevant Quiet Cone is the smallest possible cone. 2. Radio-quiet regions generated by the Moon shielding of RFI emissions by future SPACE stations (Gateways) located at the L4 and L5 libration points. We also have to define the "Moon Farside terminal longitude" as the highest Moon longitude at which the RFI of a certain satellite orbiting the Earth still reaches as a function of the satellite's orbital radius around the Earth. The Moon Farside sector having a longitude higher than this angle will never be flooded by RFI coming from satellites having the corresponding 3 orbital radius. In other words, considering Fig. 3, we want to compute the "terminal longitude" λ = 180° γ. In Figure 3, let's draw the straight line OP from the Earth center O to the satellite P. Next consider the orthogonal projection PH of point P on Earth-Moon axis OO'. This line forms a rectangular triangle having its right angle at point H. Next draw the straight line from satellite P tangent to the Moon's sphere from H' and intersecting the Earth-Moon axis OO' at a certain point V (that is the Quiet Cone vertex). Finally, draw the straight line from the satellite P to the Moon center O'. Once again the triangle PHO' is right-angled, with its right angle at a point H. Also the triangle PH'O' is right-angled with its right angle at a point H'. Let us denote by DEarth-Moon the Earth to Moon distance and by RSat the orbital radius of satellite. Fig. 3: The satellite orbiting around the Earth determines (as function of its true anomaly θ and orbital radius R) a "terminal longitude" angle λ of the radio waves on the Moon Farside. Well, we now have what we need to find the "terminal longitude" angle λ. First let's first find the angle γ. Since we know: 1. HPV O H V γ ′ ′ = = , HPO O PH γ γ ′ ′ ′′ ′ ′ = = γ γ γ ′ ′′ = + 2. the projection of OP on the Earth-Moon axis: OH = OP cos θ = RSat cos θ 3. the segment PH = OP sin θ = RSat sin θ 4. the segment from the satellite projection H on the Earth-Moon axis to the Moon center: HO' = OO' – OH = DEarth-Moon – RSat 5. the tangent of the angle γ' is given by: ( cos ) ' tan( ) sin Earth Moon Sat Sat D R HO PH R θ γ θ − − ′ = = (1) Now inverting the equation (1) we get the γ' angle: Sat ( cos ) (R ,θ) atan sin Earth Moon Sat


The invention relates to a process for preparing the vegetable and fruit alginate fiber, which is a food addictive with low-energy and high-fiber and made of potato starch (food fiber) with resistant property (RS2)which is hardly digestive and adsorptive, bean slag fiber, apple slag fiber, wheat bran fiber, mushroom fiber and sea weed powder. Treating the starch, bean slag, apple slag, wheat bran, mushroom and sea weed with acid and base, modifying the starch to make it be resistant, removing sugar (starch) and protein from the food slag to make them become the food fiber, then breaking, drying and sterilizing and getting the product. The product can be directly added into the gruel, milk and vegetable soup with noodle; or can be used as seed powder of Gorgon euryale to add into the fried dish and vegetable soup; and can be added into the bread and pot food. The product can increase the dung capacity after eaten and thus for bowel relaxing, the fiber expands when meets with water and to curb the increasing tendency of the overweight, fatty, coronary disease, large intestinal cancer for the reason of taking in too much refined food and energy.


Climate is a significant element which effect the agricultural production. Unexpected deviation in climatic variables can stanchly affect revenue from crops. A number of researches to identify reasons behind these changes came out with results that the changes stemmed due to proclamation of the greenhouse gases (GHGs). These progressively gather in the atmosphere around us and eventually become rich source of global warming (Aydinalp and Cresser, 2008). It is also evident that the developed nations of the world are main contributors of these emissions whereas developing nations have very little share in this. About 75%discharges related to GHGs are prompted by the developed nations (Farooqi et al., 2005). Climate change can be demarcated like "deviation in climate caused by anthropogenic and natural activities. This change can be sustained for a longer period of time (IPCC, 2007). Bringing the climate change phenomenon under the umbrella of economy of Pakistan, it seems to be much vulnerable and threatened. This is due to the fact that development in economic sector is stanchly hurt by disparity in comportment of climate variables. Nations where the economy is largely dependent on agriculture's share in GDP are more vulnerable to climate change (IFPRI, 2010). To enumerate impression made by climate change on agronomic production is a complex procedure due to the uncertainties and doubt in forecasting regional climate changes and the reaction showed by crops in response to environmental changes (Roudier et al., 2011). This situation can become degradable even with the slight change or variation in the climatic components like temperature and rainfall (DFID, 2011). In almost all regions of the world extending from Africa to Europe, Asia to America climate is explicating changes in its patterns from the last few decades. In case of temperature, the trend is on increasing side while in case of rainfall or precipitation, changes or deviation has been identified in its pattern of occurrence, where in some regions, there is wide change in occurrence of rainfall. In the Northern European region, there is marked increase in the rainfall while for Eastern and Southern European rainfall has been decreased (Olesan et al., 2011). In a study by Shakoor et al. (2011), researchers quantified the impact of climate change on wheat crop in Pothwar region of Pakistan. The results revealed that climate change would going to be harmful for the wheat crop. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 54(3), 561-566; 2017 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/17.4194 http://www.pakjas.com.pk


Background: Low voltage substrate (LVS) identified during electroanatomical mapping is a potential target for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, it is not clear how the location and extent of LVS correlate between mapping in sinus rhythm (SR) and AF. Objectives: (1) Identify voltage dissimilarities between mapping in SR and AF. (2) Identification of regional voltage thresholds that improve cross-rhythm substrate detection. (3) Comparison of LVS between SR and native vs. induced AF. Methods: Forty-one ablation-naive persistent AF patients underwent high-density voltage mapping in SR and AF. Each patients voltage information was mapped to a joint geometry for analysis. Global and regional voltage thresholds in AF were identified which best match LVS < 0.5mV and < 1.0mV in SR. Additionally, the correlation between SR-LVS with induced vs. native AF LVS was assessed. Results: Substantial voltage differences (median: 0.52, IQR: 0.33-0.69, max: 1.19 mV) with predominance of the posterior/inferior LA wall exist between the rhythms. An AF threshold of 0.34mV for the entire atrium provides an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 69%, 67% and 69% to identify SR-LVS < 0.5mV, respectively. Lower thresholds for the posterior wall (0.27 mV) and inferior wall (0.3 mV) result in higher spatial concordance to SR-LVS (4% and 7% increase). Concordance with SR-LVS was higher for induced AF compared to native AF (AUC: 0.80 vs. 0.73). AF-LVS < 0.5mV corresponds to SR-LVS < 0.97mV using high-definition mapping (AUC: 0.73). Conclusion: The proposed voltage thresholds during AF maximise the consistency of LVS identification as determined during SR. Regional thresholds can further improve concordance.


What does it mean to be a non-executive director? How do we distinguish between the roles of an executive and non-executive director? As a director, who you think you are or how you are held out to be by the company is not likely to be determinative. How will this impact on a director's liability and their entitlement to liability insurance cover? A recent decision considers these issues.


Color rendition method is necessary for improving the low contrast images which are achieved by PDA, mobile phone camera or PC camera. There are some methods for color rendition. However, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as graying-out, halo-artifact and color noise, may occur. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a retinex-based color rendition method. The proposed method uses the HSV color coordinate system to avoid the graying-out, and the advanced image formation model to reduce the halo-artifact in which the image is divided into three components as the global illumination, the local illumination, and reflectance. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conveniently method.


To examine Dignity Therapy (DT) narratives in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and a control group of cancer patients.


The masses of tetraquark states of all qq̄cc̄ and cc̄cc̄ quark configurations are evaluated in a constituent quark model, where the Cornell-like potential and one-gluon exchange spin-spin coupling are employed. All model parameters are predetermined by comparing the theoretical and experimental masses of light, charmed and bottom mesons. The theoretical predictions of the charmonium-like tetraquarks are compared with the observed XY Z states, and one tentative assignment is suggested. The work suggests that the X(6900) observed by LHCb is likely to be the first radial excited fullycharm tetraquark state with J = 0 in the 3̄c ⊗ 3c configuration, and the ground and second radial excited states of fully-charm tetraquark are around 6450MeV and 7250MeV respectively.


Objective: Good oral health practices are the key for preventing the oral diseases. The objective of this study was to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices of a group of adult dental patients. Material and Methods: A total of 539 subjects were interviewed among older than 18 years of age, dental clinic attendees. The data were gathered by means of an anonymous, structured and pretested questionnaire implemented face-to-face by the 5th grade students of a Dental Faculty. The verbal informed consent of all subjects was obtained after the explanation of objective. Questionnaire assessed socio-demographic information, frequency for dental visits, frequency of tooth brushing and use of oral hygiene tools as well as consumption of sugary snacks and smoking. The data were analysed by age (45 and younger than/older than 45 years) sex and educational status (primary school or less, high school or higher). Differences were analysed with the Khi-square test to compare the age, sex and educational status. Results: Although brushing habits of male and female participants was not statistically different, females who never brushed their teeth showed the lowest percentage (21.0%). Males (38.8%) who brushed their teeth twice a day had a lower percentage than females (44.6%). This study showed that females visit dentists more than males and that the great majority of female visits when they have complaint (90.1%). Males who visit dentist regularly every 6 months have a higher percentage (12.2%) than females (9.9%). For ≤45 age group, brushing frequency was found significantly high (46.5% vs 34.3%). Among participants with high education level (Lyceé or more), percentage of brushing twice a day is the highest (69.2%) (p<0.05). Current smoker percentages were found significantly high in males (70.4%) and low education level group (52.7%). Smoking rate for >45 age group was the highest, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Turkish adults do not exhibit satisfactory oral health practice and dental visiting behaviour.


Using an exact, recently obtained solution of the non-linear Boltzmann equation for a particular type of molecular interaction, the authors show that the corresponding second time derivative of the entropy remains negative during the passage to equilibrium. The signs of higher derivatives are considered.


The immunoperoxidase‐bridge technique was applied to 103 lymph‐node and spleen biopsies from Hodgkin's disease to detect intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Clg). The plasma cells that stained positively for gamma, mu, alpha, or delta chains varied greatly in number from case to case, depending somewhat on the histologic type of the disease. Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg‐Reed (SR) cells that stained for gamma chains were the most frequent, followed by those positive for delta chains. H and SR cells positive for mu or alpha chains were usually sparse. In 11 cases gamma and delta chains were present simultaneously in single cells. No other combination of heavy‐chain classes could be found in H and SR cells. In five cases of the lymphocytic‐depletion type, the Clg was restricted to one heavy‐chain class and one light‐chain type. Gamma‐chain subtypes were determined in a total of 24 cases. In the cases with one light‐chain type and in four other cases, only gamma, chains were present in the H and SR cells. In many cases the proportion of H and SR cells positive for each gamma‐chain subclass was not the same as that of the surrounding plasma cells. Variable numbers of H and SR cells showed unequivocal positivity for albumin in 12, alpha1‐antichymotrypsin in 12, and lysozyme in one out of the 44 cases tested. In 21 out of these 44 cases only Clg could be detected. The findings presented here are discussed in relation to the possible monocytoid/macrophage or lymphoid B‐cell nature of H and SR cells. Our data provide evidence for both a lymphatic and a macrophage origin of H and SR cells. It is not possible to reconcile these data on the basis of present knowledge.


Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 This study aimed to examine the effect of competence and compensation to organizational commitment through achievement motivation in personnel who already have the certification of the procurement of goods and services in the Central Java Police Headquarters . Population of 100 people , with census sampling technique , so that the total sample of 100 people . Analysis using : test the validity of the factor analysis ( KMO> 0.5 ), reliability testing with Chrombach Alpha ( Alpha Chrombach > 0.6 ), the model test with Adjusted R2 and F-test , hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression and t test ( t count > 0,05 ). The results : competence and compensation a positive effect on organizational commitment , and competence and compensation directly influence organizational commitment without mediation through achievement motivation . Keywords : competence , compensation , organizational commitment , achievement motivation


We present a sample of 171 candidate groups and clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshift over an area of ~550 square degrees at the South Galactic Pole selected by using optically identified radio sources from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey as tracers of dense environment. Out of these 171 candidates, 76 have a counterpart in the literature while 95 of them are previously unknown clusters. This paper presents the cluster selection technique, based on the search of excesses in the optical surface density of galaxies near identified radiogalaxies, and the first spectroscopic results aimed to confirm the presence of a cluster. Spectroscopy for 11 candidates led to the detection of 9 clusters at redshift in the range 0.13 - 0.3, with estimated velocity dispersions ranging from values typical of clusters to those of galaxy groups. These results show that this technique represents a powerful tool for the selection of homogeneous samples of intermediate redshift clusters over a wide range of richness.


A survey was conducted of forty four immigrant heads of households in Boston and the Merrimack Valley to ascertain the employment status of household heads and the use of public benefits by immigrant headed families. The study surveyed Spanish and Portuguese speaking individuals at 300% or below of the poverty level with children under the age of 18. The survey measured demographic and employment characteristics of respondents, use of public benefits among all family members, and barriers individuals faced in accessing benefits for their families. The researcher hypothesized that immigrants with lower educational status and poor English proficiency would earn lower wages than individuals with higher educational status and better English proficiency. Additionally, it was also hypothesized that families headed by undocumented immigrants, despite the presence of citizen children, would be the least likely of all groups of immigrant headed households to access public benefits. Findings revealed that immigrants with low educational status and poor English proficiency indeed earned lower wages than individuals with higher educational status and better English proficiency. Results regarding benefits use among families revealed interesting patterns of benefits use. As hypothesized, families headed by undocumented immigrants had low rates of health benefits, food stamps, and cash aid usage. However, families headed by permanent residents and temporary visa holders also had low rates of welfare usage. Proposed reasons for these low rates of public benefits usage include linguistic barriers, fears of deportation among undocumented immigrants, confusion about eligibility criteria, and bureaucratic responses towards immigrant families. The conclusion includes policy recommendations for addressing these issues and suggestions for further research.


The jet from whirling water jet diffuses as cone while it whirls,and it's suitable for driling process.Self-propelled whirling water jet adopts the principle of ant-jet pushing and nozzle moves of itself.The jetfrom into force was analyzed and calculated in this paper,the establishment of a self into type sprinkler equation of motion,the equation of motion that reverse nozzle at least take three,to achieve the purpose of nozzle from into.The impact of the flow,the number of reverse nozzle,the angle between reverse nozzle and the axis on the self-propelled motion was invested.The results indicated: the impact of the flow on the self-propelled motion is bigger.Increase the flow of the system is better means for improve self-propelled distance and velocity.Changing of the number of reverse nozzle and the angle between reverse nozzle and the axis may change the self-propelled distance and the velocity in a small scope.


Between 1990 and 1993, the Australian High Court handed down an amazing series of judgments. Twelve cases were involved. Six of them were primarily concerned with curbing the power of tile executive or modifying the rule of law doctrine. The remaining six focused on the protection of the rights of individuals.1 It is suggested that these decisions, four of which were unanimous and only two of which had as many as three Justices in dissent, reveal a major, and possibly a long-term, shift in the orientation of the Court. Using its own and British jurisprudence as a springboard, the Court is rejuvenating the traditional doctrine of the rule of law by applying it not only to rights against the state the traditional view of civil and political rights but also to claims upon the state, which some theorists2 consider are non-rights and only programmatic in their nature. It has begun to extend the concept of the rule of law into the area of substantive, as distinct from formal, equality. Finally, it has elevated certain rights to the status of a new and potent "common law of the Constitution".


In cooperative FMCW radars' phase errors in the received signal have a significant effect on the performance of the radar unit. In this paper, we present a modification and application of an iterative algorithm based minimum-entropy phase noise removal method for FMCW radars. The results we present have been verified by the data we have measured with a 24-GHz radar unit.


The acute abdomen is still a challenge for all physicians who are into care of women in pregnancy. Despite all the advancements in medical technology, preoperative diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions is still inaccurate. The most frequent causes of intestinal obstruction are: Closed loop obstruction, Congenital bands, Internal herniation, Volvulus, and invagination. A 22- year-old female primigravida, with persistent pain abdomen, vomiting and abdominal distension with hyperperistaltic bowel sounds with USG and MRI showing intestinal obstruction underwent laparotomy. The presentation, evaluation and management of our case and literature review of similar case are discussed here.


(1) E 1 = H (X,ΩpX/K)⇒ H p+q DR (X/K) = H (X,ΩX/K) at E1 for a smooth and proper varietyX over a fieldK of characteristic zero and also for a vast class of varieties over fields of positive characteristic. Deligne and Illusie [1] established this result by "spreading out" X, so that one can study reductions over finite places of K where one can use characterstic p techniques based on the magic formula


By designing a detailed plan of the model test,to put two kinds of load namely lateral cyclic load and action-less load on the model pile buried in the sand,and then by changing load frequency,cyclic time and the depth of pile buried in the sand to conduct the model test.After arranging and calculating the vast data which is collected from this test,compared and analyzed the influences on the model piles caused by various factors hereinbefore,it gains the quantified rules of pile-soil interaction under the comprehensive effect of kinds of factors mentioned above.


Palm vein recognition is a biometric method for individuals' authentication and/or identification based on the unique patterns of veins in the palms of their hands. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for palm vein recognition. Several CNN architectures, such as VGGNet, AlexNet, and ZFNet, have been studied and adapted by proposing an improved version based on the optimization of their parameters. Two hybrid approaches based on the fusion of the improved versions of these CNN models are proposed. The proposed method was evaluated on near-infrared palm vein images from MS-PolyU database using data augmentation. The experimental results carried out have shown the high accuracy of the proposed method, allowing achieving an accuracy rate of up to 99.72%.


Behavioral emergencies in the elderly can often be life threatening. Diagnosis and management are problematic, in part due to the high incidence of comorbidity, including medical and neurologic disorders, as well as adverse effects of medications. The behavioral types of life-threatening psychiatric emergencies are confusion, suicidality, homicidality, aggression, and abuse. Substance-induced behavioral changes contribute to morbidity and mortality of elderly patients seen in various settings, including emergency departments, medical floors, and intensive care units. These potentially serious psychiatric disturbances in the elderly are discussed under the subheadings of epi demiology and diagnosis, clinical features and presentations, and management and disposition. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999; 12:60-66).


Nowadays, there is a tendency of architectural changes and elimination of Javanese Rural Pacitan in the form of selling the houses and replacing them into modern buildings. This condition will contribute to the vanishing of architecture of Javanese Rural Pacitan, where high architecture with local values that are different from other types of architecture should be preserved. It is, therefore, necessary to reveal by conducting grounded theory. This will provide detailed knowledge on the understanding of architecture of Javanese Rural Pacitan that will be of much beneficial to the development of Javanese architecture and the related community. Together, the community and the local area, expose the presence of Javanese Rural Pacitan architecture which in return creates a distinctive identity of the region. Keywords: Rural Java architecture Pacitan, joglo, limasan, kampung/panjang.


Objective: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is a possible independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. BP variability has been assessed with several methods of BP measurement in recent literature, although it is unclear whether these measurements of variability with varying timeframes reflect the same phenomenon. The aim of our study was to compare the agreement between ambulatory, home and office BP variability. Design and method: The study population consisted of 509 participants randomly drawn from the population register or recruited by general practitioners on the basis of newly diagnosed untreated hypertension. Ambulatory 24-h blood pressure monitoring, 28 home BP measurements (twice every morning and evening during 7 consecutive days) and 8 office BP measurements (duplicate measurements on 4 visits) were performed in all participants. 3 log-transformed variability indices (SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation and ARV, average real variability) were calculated for all measurement methods and Pearson's correlations between them were calculated. The agreement of different methods on the diagnoses of extreme BP variability (participants with variability above the highest decile) was also assessed with kappa coefficients. Results: Systolic/diastolic BP variability was greater in 24-h ambulatory (CV: 12.6 ± 2.8 /15.1 ± 3.4) than home (CV: 4.4 ± 1.8/4.7 ± 2.0, p < 0.001 versus ambulatory CV for both) and office (CV: 4.8 ± 2.6/5.3 ± 2.6, p < 0.001 versus ambulatory CV for both) measurements. Ambulatory daytime variability was greater than night-time variability (CV: 11.0 ± 2.8/13.1 ± 3.5 vs. 9.5 ± 3.8/12.8 ± 4.6, p <  = 0.001 for both). Pearson's correlation coefficients for systolic/diastolic variability indices between different measurement methods were 0.08–0.34/0.03–0.26, indicating only negligible to weak positive relationship (Table). The agreement of ambulatory, home and office BP variability measures on diagnoses of extreme systolic/diastolic BP variability was only slight, with the kappa coefficients varying between 0.00–0.20/0.03–0.16. Extreme variability was diagnosed in only two persons with all three methods. Figure. No caption available. Conclusions: Shorter-term and longer-term BP variability assessed with different methods of BP measurement seem to correlate only weakly with each other. Our study suggests that BP variability assessed by different methods and timeframes reflects various phenomena, not a single entity.


Two cases of penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in rheumatoid polyarthritis are reported. A complete recovery was obtained in both cases. The authors discuss the clinical presentation and the pathogenetic mechanisms of that drug-induced myasthenia gravis. The presence in both cases of both the HLA antigens DR1 and BW35 is emphasized.


The invention relates to modified rosin resin and discloses modified rosin tackifying resin as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing rosin or rosin derivatives, monoterpene compounds, dicyclopentadiene fractions and catalysts in an autoclave; replacing air in the autoclave by use of nitrogen or carbon dioxide; reacting the mixture at a pressure of 0.2-0.6 Mpa and at 170-290 DEG C for 1 hour to 30 hours; and decompressing after the reaction, and removing low-boiling-point substances, thus obtaining the modified rosin tackifying resin, or adding an antioxidant stabilizer into the mixture at 200-230 DEG C, thus obtaining the modified rosin tackifying resin with higher quality. The softening point of the modified rosin tackifying resin ranges from 80 DEG C to 110 DEG C, the acid value of the tackifying resin is 15-70mg KOH per gram, and the color of the tackifying resin is less than No.6 Ghana color. The modified rosin tackifying resin can be widely applied to the field of tackifiers, coating paint, printing ink and the like, and especially can be applied to the field of metallocene catalysis polyolefin tackifiers.


The kinetics of intramolecular long-range electron transfer (LRET) between the protonated tryptophan indolyl radical cation Trp[NH•+], remaining in equilibrium with its neutral Trp[N•] form, and ty...


We examine the impact of cultural diversity in boards of directors on firm performance. We construct a measure of national cultural diversity by calculating the average of cultural distances between board members using Hofstede's culture framework. Our findings indicate that national cultural diversity in boards negatively affects firm performance measured by Tobin's Q and ROA. These results hold after controlling for potential endogeneity using firm fixed effects and instrumental variables regressions. Further, the results are robust to controlling for a wide range of board and firm characteristics, including various measures of "foreignness" of the firm, alternative culture frameworks, and other measures of culture. The negative impact of cultural diversity on performance is mitigated by the complexity of the firm and the size of foreign sales and operations. In addition, we find that the negative effects of cultural diversity are concentrated among the independent directors. Finally, we find that not all aspects of cultural differences are equally important and that it is mainly the diversity in individualism and masculinity that affects the effectiveness of boards of directors.


This paper presents a new modeling routine for an integral evaluation of complex fenestration systems (CFS) using the simulation tools TRNSYS and RADIANCE. Artlight 2.0 adds the novel capability in TRNSYS to use the well-established three-phase method (3PM) from RADIANCE, which has been fully implemented in a new stand-alone TRNSYS-Type model (Type265). The improvement on existing state-of-the-art routines lies in a timestep-based communication between the thermal and daylight simulation throughout the simulation, while enabling an efficient runtime due to an improved implementation strategy. This work describes the new model in detail and presents comparison results with other tools. Model setup and functionality are demonstrated by a simulation case study including different façade settings and blind systems.


The invention discloses an input support method and an input support apparatus. The input support method is executed by a computer, and comprises detecting a nearby character string of one character or more included in an area within a predetermined range of a selected input area on an image displayed on a screen; searching a database correlating and storing item names indicating input items and text examples corresponding to the input items, for a text example that is correlated with an item name indicating an input item corresponding to the detected nearby character string and that corresponds to the character string, upon receiving input of a character string of one character or more to the input area; and outputting as a conversion candidate of the character string, the text example retrieved at the searching.


Abstract The increased synthesis and release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus participate in the development of overeating and obesity in the Zucker fa/fa rat. The orexigenic effects of NPY are mediated through the Y1 and Y5 receptors. The substitution of [D-Trp34] in the NPY amino-acid sequence increases selectivity without lowering potency at the Y5 receptor. In the present study, to address the role of the NPY Y5 receptor in obesity, we investigated the acute effect of [D-Trp34]-NPY in lean and obese Zucker rats. Obese rats were markedly hyperphagic (27.1 ± 0.6 vs. 18.7 ± 0.4 (lean) g/day; p < 0.01). Injection of [D-Trp34]-NPY in the lateral brain ventricle at a dose of 16 μg stimulated food intake to the same extent in both lean (p < 0.01) and obese (p < 0.01) rats 1 h after injection. This effect was still observed after 6 h (p < 0.01). These results indicate, therefore, that the obese rats are responsive to [D-Trp34]-NPY. They support the role of the neuropeptide Y5 receptor in the regulation of food intake and suggest that NPY Y5 antagonism might be useful for treating obesity.


"[Roe v. Wade] has fundamentally altered the legal, medical and political landscape of this country." Gloria Feldt, president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Roe v. Wade paved the way for women's rights by legalizing abortion across the United States in the Supreme Court case decided in 1973. For this reason, Roe v. Wade was one of the most important events of the Twentieth Century. This can be supported by examining many ideas, such as abortion laws before the decision, what led to the resolution, the arguments at court, and its impact on women, families, and politics.


We are interested in the mechanisms by which cells generate and maintain their complex architectures. A major structural element in cells are lipid membranes, which define both the external cell shape as well as forming subcellular compartments, such as organelles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) remains a method of choice for examine cell ultrastructure, particularly for examining cellular membranes. Fixation methods that maintain membranes in their native states are thus critical for examining cells using TEM. One such method is high pressure freezing (HPF), in which rapid freezing under high pressures is used to prevent the formation of water ice crystals that otherwise disrupt cellular architecture. 1


A pinhole-scintillator diagnostics system has been developed to determine the characteristics of a 50-MeV Hbeam. The device consists of an aluminum plate (1.27 mm thick) with a series of pinholes (125 pm diameter) covered by a thin neutralizer foil and downstream scintillator plate and associated camera. Ho The foil covered pinholes produce a series of beamlets that are detected downstream by the scintillator plate. The use of Ho particles provides the ability to measure the beam parameters without changing the magnetic fields of downstream magnetic elements. Measurement of the intensities of the beamlets, the separations between beamlets, and the beamlet width allow determination of the beam parameters. The H+, produced by the plate, are sufficiently scattered by the plate, such that a sweep magnet is not required. The device has been used at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Neutral Particle Beam Test Stand (NPBTS) to measure the parameters at the input of the beam expanding telescope. Introduction The 50 MeV Hbeam from the ANL linac is transported through roughly 50 meters of transport line into a beam expanding telescope [l]. By carefully collimating the beam at various locations, the emittance, in both the x and y planes, is reduced from 1.8 nmm-mr, at the linac output, to approximately 0.5 Tmm-mr [2] at the telescope entrance. The basic idea of characterizing the telescope input beam is to introduce into the beam a 1.27 mm thick aluminum pinhole plate approximately two meters upstream of the telescope eyepiece. The pinholes are covered by a thin neutralizer foil that neutralizes a portion of the incident Hbeam and thus produces a series of beamlets. These HO beamlets are not affected by the eyepiece and are imaged on a scintillator screen located five meters downstream of the pinhole plate. The characteristics of the beam are then obtained by analyzing the 0 spatial distribution of the H beamlets at the scintillator screen. Theory of Measurement In the first approximation, the distribution of the particles in phase space can be represented by a series of homothetic ellipses that are Gaussian in x and x' (also in y and y'). Figure 1 is a x-x' phase space plot showing the relationship between the pinholes and the beam ellipse. The slope of the "zeroemittance line" is given by S = a/B, where a and R are the Twiss parameters at the location of the pinhole plate. Furthermore, the divergence of the centroids of the beamlets at the spatial coordinate x is given by x' B = -(a/B)x . On traversing a drif! space the trans ormation o P the centroid of a beamlet located at xp, coincides with the transformation of the "zero-emittance line," i.e., x' e =sx. The new locaticn of the "image" pinhole a the s%intillator screen, xs, is then given by XS = Lx'p = LSxp (I) 60439


Pile load tests are often carried out at the ground surface, prior to a basement excavation. The effects of stress relief due to excavation on pile stiffness and capacity are not considered. In this paper, a series of centrifuge model tests in dry sand are reported to investigate pile behaviour with and without simulating excavation effects. In-flight load tests on 10 instrumented single piles were carried out both at the ground surface and at the formation level after excavation. The effects of distinct pile–soil interfaces on pile behaviour are studied. The test results show that the capacity of a low-friction pile (a pile with a nondilatant interface) subjected to excavation is reduced by 16%–20% when different failure criteria are adopted. The reduction is due to a decrease in shaft resistance, which is proportional to the magnitude of stress relief resulting from excavation. The angle of friction mobilized at the ultimate state is the same for piles with and without stress relief. For a high-friction...


This article analyzes the Islamic economy belonging to the traditional socio-economic formations. However, the research shows that every economic model has its own characteristics, which cannot be attributed to the traditional classification. The paper presents the views of scientists, reflecting different opinions on the qualitative content of the Islamic economy conception. The author draws parallels between the socialist and the capitalist typical features peculiar for an alternative economic system.


Among the Sustainable Development Goals, the environmental Sustainable Development Goals are among the furthest behind, and environmental degradation is recognized as a likely contributor to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In hindsight, the loss of life and the worst impacts of the pandemic might have been minimized with appropriate preparedness; global pandemic linked to environmental degradation has been predicted for some time. Other environmental changes that are already underway are also predicted to have significant potential to disrupt economies and societies, including mass extinction, changes in weather regimes, increases in the frequency of natural disaster, water insecurity, air and other pollution and unplanned urbanization.


ABSTRACT Using fieldwork data collected in Eritrea, Rome, Milan and Stockholm, and supplemented by human rights organisation reports and discussions with key informants in four cities in the UK, this article examines the extent to which the Eritrean national service and its concomitant Warsai-Yikaalo Development Campaign qualify as forced or compulsory labour as defined by the relevant international conventions.


The irradiation and recovery behavior of a nickel-chromium-molybdenum type weld metal with 0.27 weight percent copper was examined mainly with tension, impact, drop-weight, and fracture-mechanics specimens up to a thickness of 100 mm. After irradiation at about 6 X 10 1 9 neutrons (n)/cm 2 (E > 1 MeV) at 310°C, the impact tests show larger temperature shift than for the drop-weight and fracture-mechanics tests. Recovery annealing was done at 350 (only hardness measurements), 400, 450, 500, and 550°C. Reasonable recovery effects were observed after annealing for 60 h at 450°C. For complete recovery, annealing between 500 and 550°C is necessary. Direct transfer of the test results to light water reactors is not possible, as the irradiation temperature of the specimens was 30 K higher than the operating temperature of reactor pressure vessels.


We studied the short-term effects of partial cutting on the forest bird communities of mixed maple forests in an agriculture-dominated landscape in southwestern Ontario. Blocks that had been recently harvested were grouped according to provincial silvicultural guidelines (standard and heavy cuts) and compared with blocks that had been uncut for at least 24 years (old cuts). We found significant differences in forest bird community structure between standard and heavy cuts and between heavy and old cuts, but not between standard and old cuts. Heavy cuts had more species and more individuals than old cuts, the result primarily of greater numbers of early-successional species. Brown creeper (Certhia americana Bonap.) was the only species to show a significant negative response to harvesting and was the best indicator of old cuts, while indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea L.), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater Bodd.), chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica L.), American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla L...


Part I. This work focuses on the construction of equilibrated two-phase antiplane shear deformations of a non-elliptic isotropic and incompressible hyperelastic material. It is shown that this material can sustain metastable two-phase equilibria which are neither piecewise homogeneous nor axisymmetric, but, rather, involve non-planar interfaces which completely segregate inhomogeneously deformed material in distinct elliptic phases. These results are obtained by studying a constrained boundary value problem involving an interface across which the deformation gradient jumps. The boundary value problem is recast as an integral equation and conditions on the interface sufficient to guarantee the existence of a solution to this equation are obtained. The contraints, which enforce the segregation of material in the two elliptic phases, are then studied. Sufficient conditions for their satisfaction are also secured. These involve additional restrictions on the interface across which the deformation gradient jumps-which, with all restrictions satisfied, constitutes a phase boundary. An uncountably infinite number of such phase boundaries are shown to exist. It is demonstrated that, for each of these, there exists a solution - unique up to an additive constant - for the constrained boundary value problem. As an illustration, approximate solutions which correspond to a particular class of phase boundaries are then constructed. Finally, the kinetics and stability of an arbitrary element within this class of phase boundaries are analyzed in the context of a quasistatic motion.

Part II. This work investigates the linear stability of an antiplane shear motion which involves a planar phase boundary in an arbitrary element of a wide class of non-elliptic generalized neo-Hookean materials which have two distinct elliptic phases. It is shown, via a normal mode analysis, that, in the absence of inertial effects, such a process is linearly unstable with respect to a large class of disturbances if and only if the kinetic response function - a constitutively supplied entity which gives the normal velocity of a phase boundary in terms of the driving traction which acts on it or vice versa - is locally decreasing as a function of the appropriate argument. An alternate analysis, in which the linear stability problem is recast as a functional equation for the interface position, allows the interface to be tracked subsequent to perturbation. A particular choice of the initial disturbance is used to show that, in the case of an unstable response, the morphological character of the phase boundary evolves to qualitatively resemble the plate-like structures which are found in displacive solid-solid phase transformations. In the presence of inertial effects a combination of normal mode and energy analyses are used to show that the condition which is necessary and sufficient for instability with respect to the relevant class of perturbations in the absence of inertia remains necessary for the entire class of perturbations and sufficient for all but a very special, and physically unrealistic, subclass of these perturbations. The linear stability of the relevant process depends, therefore, entirely upon the transformation kinetics intrinsic to the kinetic response function.

Part III. This investigation is directed toward understanding the role of coupled mechanical and thermal effects in the linear stability of an isothermal antiplane shear motion which involves a single planar phase boundary in a non-elliptic thermoelastic material which has multiple elliptic phases. When the relevant process is static - so that the phase boundary does not move prior to the imposition of the disturbance - it is shown to be linearly stable. However, when the process involves a steadily propagating phase boundary it may be linearly unstable. Various conditions sufficient to guarantee the linear instability of the process are obtained. These conditions depend on the monotonicity of the kinetic response function - a constitutively supplied entity which relates the driving traction acting on a phase boundary to the local absolute temperature and the normal velocity of the phase boundary - and, in certain cases, on the spectrum of wave-numbers associated with the perturbation to which the process is subjected. Inertia is found to play an insignificant role in the qualitative features of the aforementioned sufficient conditions. It is shown, in particular, that instability can arise even when the normal velocity of the phase boundary is an increasing function of the driving traction if the temperature dependence in the kinetic response function is of a suitable nature. Significantly, the instability which is present in this setting occurs only in the long waves of the Fourier decomposition of the moving phase boundary, implying that the interface prefers to be highly wrinkled.


DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600774 of OGF can be transformed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Meanwhile, its surface wettability can be reversibly switched and the imbibition rate can be readily modulated by controlling the applied potential. Thanks to its large pore sizes and much less tortuous channels (Figure 1b), this OGF showed an extremely high dynamic rate of imbibition (3.0 mg s−1/2 mm−2) at −0.9 V. This value is more than triple those of the graphene foam with a disordered pore structure (DGF, 0.89 mg s−1/2 mm−2) and CNT sponge (0.80 mg s−1/2 mm−2) at the same potential.[48] The average imbibition rate of OGF (0.347 mg s−1 mm−2) is even 100 times larger than that of the switchable imbiber made of porous Au sponge (3.5 μg s−1 mm−2).[47] OGF and DGF were prepared via our previously reported methods[49,50] followed by thermal annealing at 900 °C under Ar protection (see the Experimental Section). X-ray photoelectron spectral (XPS) examinations indicated that the atomic content of oxygen for GO was about 30%, and it decreased to 3.5% for OGF or 4.2% for DGF (Figure S2, Supporting Information). In the C1s XPS spectrum of GO, the areal ratio of the peaks associated with intact and oxidized carbons (ACC/AOC) was measured to be 0.71, and it was increased to 24.7 for OGF and 20.4 for DGF (Figure S3, Supporting Information). These results demonstrate that the oxygen-containing groups of GO were mostly eliminated by hydrothermal reduction and thermal annealing. The infrared (IR) spectra of OGF and DGF also do not show any peaks related to functional groups (Figure S4, Supporting Information). Additionally, the intensity of breathing vibration of benzene rings at 1580 cm−1 was weakened after thermal treatment, reflecting that the molecular structure became more symmetric upon the partial recovery of conjugated domains.[53–55] The intensity ratio of the Raman D(≈1340 cm−1) and G-bands (≈1585 cm−1) was increased from 0.98 for GO to 1.28 and 1.39 for OGF and DGF (Figure S5, Supporting Information), also confirming the partial restoration of conjugated structure to form small graphene domains.[56,57] The cross-section and side-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of OGF showed its highly oriented porous microstructure, and the thermal annealing at 900 °C induced negligible change in its morphology (Figure 2, and Figures S6−S11, Supporting Information).[49] The graphene walls interconnected with each other, and most of them were perpendicular to the cross section of OGF from its bottom to top (Figure S8, Supporting Information), while a few graphene layers lay vertical to oriented channels (Figures S10 and S11, Supporting Information). The average radius of the pores was measured to be about 12.5 μm. For comparison, DGF showed a much more disordered microporous structure. The arrangements of graphene walls are completely random. Meanwhile, the distribution of pore sizes is broad with an average radius of only 4.9 μm. Graphene foam is a porous material constructed by 2D graphene sheets to form an interconnected 3D framework with air in its empty space.[1–3] Thus, it possesses high porosity, low density,[4] good conductivity,[5] excellent mechanical strength,[6–9] and stability,[10–12] making it potential applications in oil–water separation,[13–16] sewage treatment,[17,18] heterogeneous catalysis,[19] etc.[20,21] In these applications, the wettability of graphene foam takes a crucial role.[15] For example, hydrophobic graphene foams can selectively remove oil patches[22–26] or hydrophobic proteins[27] from water, while the hydrophilic counterparts can be used as scaffolds for the immobilization of nanoparticles,[20] and culturing cells.[28,29] Furthermore, reversibly controlling the wettability of a graphene foam between hydrophobic and hydrophilic can extend its functions. Recently, Chen and co-workers reported an excellent example.[30] However, the transformation of wettability in this case had to be operated by ex situ ozone or thermal annealing treatment and the solvent adsorption dynamics were unable to be controlled on demand. Up to now, it is still a great challenge to realize in situ switching the wettability of all-graphene foams because of their stable carbon surfaces and fixed microstructures. On the other hand, electrocapillary has become a powerful tool to tune the interface tension and the wettability of surface since it was first reported by Lippmann in 1875.[31–37] In principle, the ions in an electrolyte will be driven by applying a potential to concentrate on the surface of electrode via electrostatic attraction. Meanwhile, the same type of charges on electrode surface induces strong electrostatic repulsion; thus, the contact region between electrolyte and electrode will be widened to enhance the wettability of electrode surface (Figure 1a). On the basis of this phenomenon, a variety of applications have been explored; examples include fluidic control,[38–41] variable lenses,[42,43] electronic papers,[44,45] and mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion.[46] Recently, nanoporous gold (NG)[47] and carbon nanotube (CNT) sponges[48] have been used to control the imbibition of electrolytes into these sponges at low operating potentials (e.g., 1 V). However, in these systems, the imbibition rates were low, mainly due to the small pore sizes and tortuous microstructures of these materials. In this paper, we report a highly oriented graphene foam (OGF) for efficient imbibition with tunable rate. By applying a small negative potential, the surfaces of the graphene walls


Multiple myeloma (MM) remains to be an incurable disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ABCG2 monoclonal antibody (McAb) combined with paclitaxel (PTX) conjugated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on MM progressed from cancer stem cells (CSCs)in non-obese-diabetic/severe-combined-immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse model. Mice were injected with MM CSCs as marked by CD138−CD34− phenotypes through tail veins. The developed MM mice were examined by micro-computer tomography scanning, ultrasonography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. These mice were then intravenously treated with different combinations of NPs, PTX, McAb, PTX-NPs and melphalan/prednisone once a week for four weeks. The injected mice developed characteristic MM-associated syndromes, including lytic bone lesions, renal damages and proteinuria. All the treated mice showed decrease in bone lesions, renal damages and anemia but increase in apoptosis compared with the mice treated with NPs only. In particular, the treatment with ABCG2 McAb plus PTX-NPs induced the strongest therapeutic response and had an efficacy even better than that of melphalan/prednisone, a conventional regimen for MM patients. These data suggest that PTX-NPs with ABCG2 McAb can be developed into potential treatment regimens for patients with relapsed/refractory MM.


Is a feminist political liberalism possible? Political liberalism's regard for a wide range of comprehensive doctrines as reasonable makes some feminists skeptical of its ability to address sex inequality. Indeed, some feminists claim that political liberalism maintains its position as a political liberalism at the expense of securing substantive equality for women. We claim that political liberalism's core commitments actually restrict all reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that secure genuine substantive equality for all, including women and other marginalized groups. In particular, we argue that political liberalism's criterion of reciprocity limits reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that eliminate social conditions of domination and subordination relevant to reasonable democratic deliberation among equal citizens and that the criterion of reciprocity requires the social conditions necessary for recognition respect among persons as equal citizens. As a result, we maintain that the criterion of reciprocity limits reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that provide genuine equality for women along various dimensions of social life central to equal citizenship.


The unfavorable therapeutic index of the fungal cytotoxin illudin M was to be improved by covalent attachment of the redox modulator and phenyl isobiostere ferrocene. Esters of illudin M with ferrocenoic and 1,1′-ferrocenedioic acid were prepared, structurally characterised (X-ray), and tested for cytotoxicity [MTT assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], induction of apoptosis (TUNEL assay; western blotting for caspase-9), and tumor specificity in cells of human HL-60 leukemia, human 518A2 melanoma, and in nonmalignant human foreskin fibroblasts. The diester of illudin M with 1,1′-ferrocenedioic acid was distinctly more antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing in the melanoma cells [half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50(48 h) = 0.4±0.1 μmol/l] than in the HL-60 cells [IC50(48 h) = 3.0±1.6 μmol/l] and in the nonmalignant fibroblasts [IC50(48 h) = 3.7±1.9 μmol/l]. This corresponds to a doubling of the therapeutic index with respect to illudin M. The monoester of illudin M with ferrocenoic acid was nine times less efficacious in the cancer cells, when compared with the diester. In conclusion, the ferrocene diminishes the general toxicity of the illudin M moiety and increases its cell line specificity. The bis(illudinyl M) 1,1′-ferrocenedioate presumably operates by a synergistic, two-pronged attack on its molecular targets.


Solving the postponed problems of spent nuclear fuel from thermal reactors, that is the main negative component of modern nuclear power in Russia, can be practically put into effect by the closure of the nuclear fuel cycle using fast reactors. Based on the considered nuclear energy systems, taking into account their structural organization and development scenarios, the work presents quantitative estimates and analysis of americium accumulation in the Russian nuclear power industry in the near future and describes the approaches to its utilization. Two alternative scenarios for the development of nuclear energy are considered. The numerical results of the comparison, analysis of the americium accumulation with a perspective up to 2050 are presented. The rate of formation of the Am-241 isotope in the separated plutonium and stored spent fuel of various types of nuclear reactors received a proper attention. Estimates show that the suppressive contribution to the accumulation of americium is due to the Pu-241 decay, as a result of which the accumulated americium is largely consists of isotope Am-241. Research results showed that without taking special measures to utilize americium in fast reactors, accumulation of americium in spent nuclear fuel of thermal reactors will reach a significant amount by the middle of this century, while the growth rate of its reserves will increase significantly. In addition, a significant amount of americium is likely to be contained in the spent nuclear fuel of foreign reactors of Russian design, which may be imported into Russia.


Telegrams and letters have poured into the New York Secretariat from all parts of the world. President Eugen Pusic and others close to the work of the Inter national Council on Social Welfare have also received many messages of sympathy. Miss Williams' colleagues and friends in the United States have expressed their sympathy in countless messages and calls. We reproduce here only those telegrams and letters that have come from Ruth Williams' colleagues in the international field.


This paper depicts two important relationships required for the CAD/CAM applications. The first one is the composition relationship between a pair of objects (a set of objects related by the composition relationship is collectively called a composite object). The second one presents the semantics of Dependency between two objects. Within the Knowledge Based Systems like YAFOOL, LOOPS and ORION, the semantics of composition and dependency relationship suffers from a number of serious shortcomings. Therefore, the Knowledge Based System SHOOD will provide a rich semantics of composition and dependency relationship which mitigates these shortcomings in a consistent and convenient fashion. This work is part of a fully developed scheme for composite object and dependency relationship management


This paper focuses on the educational idea of theoretical model,strong engineering practice,and standing out the innovation design. Combining with the forefront of science and technology,we explore the teaching and research reformation of the space optical communication innovation experiment course,and obtain some successful experience. The intent is to foster students' application of theoretical knowledge and three- dimensional visual simulation. And cultivate student's ability to solve practical problems,with the space optical communication platform of innovation practice.


Dynamic symbolic execution (DSE) is an effective method for automated program testing and bug detection. It is increasing the code coverage by the complex branches exploration during hybrid fuzzing. DSE tools invert the branches along some execution path and help fuzzer examine previously unavailable program parts. DSE often faces over- and underconstraint problems. The first one leads to significant analysis complication while the second one causes inaccurate symbolic execution.We propose strong optimistic solving method that eliminates irrelevant path predicate constraints for target branch inversion. We eliminate such symbolic constraints that the target branch is not control dependent on. Moreover, we separately handle symbolic branches that have nested control transfer instructions that pass control beyond the parent branch scope, e.g. return, goto, break, etc. We implement the proposed method in our dynamic symbolic execution tool Sydr.We evaluate the strong optimistic strategy, the optimistic strategy that contains only the last constraint negation, and their combination. The results show that the strategies combination helps increase either the code coverage or the average number of correctly inverted branches per one minute. It is optimal to apply both strategies together in contrast with other configurations.


ABSTRACT We study the supersolvability of finite groups and the nilpotent length of finite solvable groups under the assumption that all their exactly n-minimal subgroups are S-permutable, where n is an arbitrary integer.


The subject od the diploma thesis is coffee. In the theoretical part, the technological process of production and significant bioactive components are described. Subsequently, the thesis summarizes scientific information on the coffee´s impact on human health. The practical part contains the evaluation of the questionnaire survey which aimed to identify an attitude of women after childbirth to coffee consumption during pregnancy, their knowledge and sources of information. This part also evaluates the average amount of caffeine consumption before pregnancy.


Words in connected speech are often assimilated to subsequent words. Some property of that upcoming word may then be determined in advance; these advance assimilatory cues may facilitate perception of that word. A gating experiment was conducted in Dutch, studying anticipatory voice assimilation between plosives, in 24 two-word combinations. In Dutch, voicing in a word-final plosive can only be caused by anticipatory assimilation to the next, voiced initial plosive, e.g. "rie[db]lint". Voiced and unvoiced variants of final and initial plosives were cross-spliced. Responses for assimilated, voiced-final stimuli show a strong bias to voiced-initial responses, as predicted. Even at longer gates in the hybrid condition "rie[dp]lint", after hearing the unvoiced initial plosive, listeners often came up with a voiced-initial response, with high confidence. Hence, advance phonological 'voiced-initial' cues were often stronger than acoustic 'unvoiced-initial' cues. These gating results suggest that listeners use advance assimilatory cues in word perception.


On the basis of the results of The Evolution and Status in Quo of the PE Assessment in the Chinese Universities,by means of literature review,interviews and investigations,this paper proposes a phasic assessment model of physical education in accordance with students' ages,intellectual and cognition aptitude.Hence,taking into account the physiological and psychological characteristics of students from various age brackets,this assessment model is expected to reflect students' cognition levels,and the continuity and progressiveness of phasic assessments as well.


ty. I conclude that the lectotype of Cystignathus hylodes (1) is a member of the genus Leptodactylus, and (2) because certain details differ between the lectotype and Leptodactylus natalensis, the two taxa should not be synonymized. Consequently, Leptodactylus hylodes (Reinhardt and Liitken, 1862) should be considered a valid species of Leptodactylus, known at this time only from the lectotype. If Captain Hygom collected the types from the Atlantic Forest biome the species may yet be rediscovered in remnant forests in northeastern Brazil, which are poorly sampled for amphibians.


The subject of the paper is the systematic enumeration of emerging / implicitly defined communities. The authors motivate a graph theoretic approach to locate such communities on the web and describe the algorithms and the associated algorithmic engineering. The authors provide the reasons for systematically extracting these communities: they are good information sources, they provide insight into the intellectual evolution of the web and are useful for purposes of targeted advertising. An important reason that the authors fail to mention is that these communities can help researchers interested in a particular area of research discover/become aware of each other and hence avoid duplicating each others work. These implicitly defined communities are characterized by the certain graph structures. They describe the process of scanning through a web crawl and enumerating these subgraph signatures on the web – 'trawling' the web. The authors do not mention how they estimate the number of explicitly defined communities (mention citations / method used etc.) The paper makes a large number of forward-references to the method used and the results obtained. This should be avoided. Also, the relationship that their efforts have with the prior work in this field is not clearly described in every case. (e.g. the section on Metadata: do their efforts overcome problems? build on this method?) Trawling exploits the structure of co-citation in the web graph to extract implicitly defined communities at their nascent stage. They provide the intuition that web communities are characterized by dense bipartite graphs and finding a community is then just a matter of finding (and then using) the core (complete bipartite subgraph) of a bipartite graph. In a core, the pages that contain the links as termed as fans, and the ones being referenced as centers. The syntactic definition used by the authors to describe a potential fan (has links to at least 6 different websites) is too limiting. Instead, the 'quality' of the links could / should have been taken into account. The authors do a good job of highlighting the important problems of mirroring and duplication on the web and eliminate these problems by employing a shingling approach. To further reduce the size of the data being analyzed, they describe trimming the data by pruning the centers by in-degree (centers with large in-degree are pruned). Then the system works on this data by looking for cores (by iterative pruning and inclusion-exclusion pruning algorithms). These data …


Borehole cast-in-place concrete pile cantilever retaining structure and single-pivot mixed retaining structure are usually deep-foundation retaining structures. Borehole cast-in-place concrete pile multi-arch retaining structure is a new retaining structure. Based on the in situ measured data and discussion on pile body stress at certain deep-foundation pit excavation in Nanjing city,the magnitudes and distribution patterns of force acted on single retaining pile at different excavation depths in different retaining structures under same engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions,but in the same conditions of construction and cut down groundwater were obtained. Valuable information is provided in this paper for retaining structure design of pit excavation and extending use of borehole cast-in-place concrete pile multi-arch retaining structure.


A vast amount of people decided to help voluntarily the EYOF, every age group represents itself. Klaudia Venesz, a mother of two kids took upon herself to dedicate her free time to the event.


The support for traceability between requirement specifications has been recognised as an important task in the development life-cycle of software systems. In this paper we present an approach for automatic generation and maintenance of bi-directional traceability relations between commercial and functional requirements expressed in natural language, and requirement object models. The generation of traceability relations is based on two types of traceability rules: requirements-to-object-model rules and inter-requirements rules. Our approach support three different types of traceability relations namely overlaps, realises, and requires. The requirement artefacts and traceability rules are described in XML. A prototype tool has been developed to demonstrate our approach, and has been used in a series of experiments that we have conducted to evaluate it. The results of these experiments


We extend the concept of the correlated knowledge-gradient policy for the ranking and selection of a finite set of alternatives to the case of continuous decision variables. We propose an approximate knowledge gradient for problems with continuous decision variables in the context of a Gaussian process regression model in a Bayesian setting, along with an algorithm to maximize the approximate knowledge gradient. In the problem class considered, we use the knowledge gradient for continuous parameters to sequentially choose where to sample an expensive noisy function in order to find the maximum quickly. We show that the knowledge gradient for continuous decisions is a generalization of the efficient global optimization algorithm proposed in [D. R. Jones, M. Schonlau and W. J. Welch, J. Global Optim., 13 (1998), pp. 455–492].


Classical magnet wires used for manufacturing electrical machine and transformer windings are made with polluting processes involving carcinogen solvents and CO2 emissions. Their production also requires significant electric energy. An innovative varnish produced with a more ecological process, without any solvent and no CO2 or NOx emission, has been proposed. The insulation of this copper wire is composed of an UV-polymerized polyester acrylate layer covered by an extruded thermostable resin (polyphenylene sulfide). The present work aims to explore the properties of this new ecofficient coating for magnet wire application. Calorimetric, thermogravimetric and dielectric analyses were performed to study the new coating. Accelerated tests were conducted to highlight the structural and dielectric changes occurring during thermal ageing.


Effects of D-sorbitol concentration on the kinetics of D-sorbitol microbial oxidation were studied. The culture of Gluconobacter suboxydans S–22 was applied as a biocatalyst. The study was focused on the determination of oxygen uptake rates and the evaluation of factors affecting them. Special emphasis was given to estimations of dissolved oxygen saturation (Monod) constant (KsDO) and critical dissolved oxygen concentration. The estimated values of Monod constant (KsDO) were correlated with different process kinetics parameters and a series of acceptable relationships was established. Excellent correlation coefficients were found for KsDO as a linear function of (i) reciprocal viscosity (R 2 = 0.9848), (ii) relative diffusion coefficient (R = 0.9983), (iii) cubic root of dissolved D-sorbitol mass concentration (R = 0.9915) and (iv) oxygen solubility in D-sorbitol solutions of different D-sorbitol concentrations (R = 0.9967). The estimated KsDO values were lower than their corresponding critical dissolved oxygen concentrations.


Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterized by mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to abnormality in the chloride channels of the mucus and sweat producing glands. Multiple organs systems are affected in this disorder, like respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract, severely impacting the patient's quality of life, eventually leading on to several complications and death. Since the uncovering of the underlying genetic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF), our knowledge of the disease process has increased substantially, but we still lack a holistic approach to its management, which comprises of multiple facades, requiring both pharmacological and non-pharmacological or rehabilitatory approaches. So far, the therapeutic options were limited to targeting the consequences and complications of the disease, such as respiratory infection, mucus retention, pancreatic insufficiency, etc., but now several promising therapies may be able to address the underlying pathology rather than its long-term effects. This review summarizes the current and upcoming pharmacological options for CF, such as those targeting the CFTR gene defect directly, including gene editing, CFTR correctors and potentiators; drugs targeting the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC inhibitors); repositioning of some existing drugs and evaluating their role in CF; and understanding the disease better by transcriptomic approaches and the role of gut microbiota in the disease process and severity.


The conversion of Archean tectonic regimes from mantle plume to plate tectonic and the mechanism of subduction initiation are two crucial issues in the current Earth sciences. A typical komatiite‐tholeiite sequence consisting of ~2,850–2,800‐Ma komatiites and ~2,780–2,710‐Ma basaltic and andesitic to dacitic volcanic rocks is well preserved in the Archean Western Shandong terrane of the eastern North China Craton. These volcanic rocks were derived from the partial melting of a depleted mantle source with subsequent fractional crystallization, a metasomatized subarc mantle wedge, and a descending oceanic slab. Structural and kinematic observations suggest that the Qixingtai‐Yanlinguan‐Panchegou granite‐greenstone belt experienced ~2.85–2.80‐Ga extensional deformation (D1) by upwelling of a mantle plume and NE‐SW‐oriented shortening (D2) during ~2.78–2.71 Ga. The petrogenesis of the Mesoarchean to early Neoarchean metamorphosed volcanic rock series and regional deformation indicate that a plume‐induced self‐sustaining intraoceanic arc system with SW‐dipping subduction polarity operated ~2.8 Ga, followed by the evolution from initial to mature subduction. An increasing pull caused by the descending slab generated gravitational instability in the surrounding oceanic lithosphere and formation of a new initial subduction zone adjacent to the preexisting arc system. Similar to the process in the Western Shandong terrane, plume activity generally culminated in subduction events in many other Archean greenstone belts, revealing that plume‐arc interaction may have been a crucial mechanism for global Archean tectonic regime conversion from mantle plume to initial plate subduction in the crust of the early Earth.


Surabaya City government implements article 34 paragraph 1 CONSTITUTION 1945 with Food program, which is given to the underprivileged community.  The food Program started in 2012, the number of food recipients in 2019 has reached 35,414 people. Details, elderly and pre-elderly 20,000 people, orphans, orphans and orphans as many as 6,000 children, as well as a disability of 9,414 people. In Kelurahan Gebang Putih There are 84 food recipients who all consist of the elderly. The food program is very helpful to the elderly to fulfill the needs of primary food, but as good as the program, still leave some issues, among others: the food served is less liked by the recipient because of the physical condition and age, many places to eat the edges are broken and often disappear and food sanitation is less hyginical. To solve the problem: it should be often conducted a meeting between the Dinsos and a food provider who is directly faced with the recipient of the meal so that all issues will be quickly addressed according to the authority.


An embodiment of the present invention provides an interconnection system for a communications device. The interconnection system comprises M backplane regions and N backplane extension regions. The M backplane regions are distributed on K PCB backplanes. Each of network board connectors in the K th backplane region is respectively connected, by means of the PCB board the K th backplane region is located at, to all of service board connectors in the K th backplane region. Each of the network board connectors in the K th backplane extension region corresponding to the K th backplane region is connected, by means of a transmission material with a low dielectric loss, to all of service board connectors of other backplane extension regions. Each of the service board connectors in the K th backplane extension region is connected, by means of the transmission material with a low dielectric loss, all of network board connectors of other backplane extension regions. The interconnection system provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a point-to-point interconnection system provided with high integration, a high speed, a high bandwidth and flexible scalability.


The article describes the transformation of semantics of the professional expression «pod kluch» in the publicity texts and its novel application in the language of the contemporary press.


Understanding consumers' attitudes towards price and service can help energy retailers to target the right type of customer. The result is improved cost control and lower rates of churn.


This paper includes a comprehensive case that details a simplified business system for the Drifters Snowboard Company. We include a description of the business processes of Drifters relative to the data needs which includes an entity-relationship (ER) dia-gram and a unified modeling language (UML) diagram. Both diagrams are con-structed to compare and contrast each method and to give those that perform modeling tasks a sense of some of the real world issues that are involved. In the past ten years, object-orientation has become viable and important in both the modeling and implementation arenas. Programming languages such as C++ and Java incorporate object-oriented (O-O) features and database management systems (DBMS) such as O2, ObjectStore, Poet, etc. and are advertised as "pure" O-O DBMS. Conversely, some systems such as Oracle, DB2, Sybase, SQL Serve,r etc. have incorporated some O-O features into essentially relational database technology in order to remain competitive. On the modeling dimension, the entity-relationship (E/R) diagramming method with its notable variants has been dominant for more than 20 years. This is probably due to its simplicity and its power to accurately represent the data needs of nearly all applica-tions. In the last 10 years however, O-O modeling has become increasingly popular because it correlates nicely to O-O implementations and because its modeling power is requisite for the greater complexity inherit in contemporary information systems. Re-cently, UML has become the de facto O-O modeling variant, so hence, we illustrate UML in the same case we use ER diagramming. The comparison and contrast is useful to those who are migrating to UML data modeling.


China's traditional law,an important part of Chinese civilization,has vivid feature on both ideology and system.The philosophic concepts of order of nature and order of man with Chinese characteristics determine the features of China's traditional law such as moral attribute and ethical nature.It is necessary for modern China's law to draw in the legal factors of China's traditional law with further advocacy of ruling the state by law and building spiritual civilization today


In Brazil, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) emerged as a serious problem in poultry and public health as from 1993. Epidemiological studies, including fagotyping and complementary rRNA probe, suggest that SE entered Brazil via the importation of contaminated poultry genetic material, probably at the end of the eighties. The rate of growth of the Brazilian poultry industry in the nineties created favorable conditions for the maintenance and proliferation of SE in poultry production. Also, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in chickens, especially quinolones, encouraged the maintenance of SE positive flocks. SE strains isolated from chickens have shown great sensitivity to the antibiotics commonly used in poultry, including the quinolones. However, an increase in antimicrobial resistance and multiresistance has been observed in strains of human origin. The latest surveys carried out in 2001 continue showing the presence of SE in poultry materials as the main serovar responsible for human food infections. Although chicken carcasses show high levels of contamination by SE, it is eggs and egg products - mainly home made mayonnaise - which are the products mostly responsible for outbreaks in humans. The use of specific vaccines in layers and parent stock has been used as an auxiliary tool in the control of SE. However, the most indicated procedure for the control of SE in poultry is the acquisition and production of SE free flocks. Animal feed and raw materials of animal origin are apparently of lesser importance in the perpetuation of the SE problem, although rodents appear to be important environmental reservoirs of SE in contaminated farms.


The object of this paper is to essay an analytical statement of the reduction of the integration of a canonic system of differential equations (into which time does not enter explicitly) to that of the partial differential equation of Jacobi and Hamilton; and to illustrate the principle of duality by an outline of the solution for the problem of two bodies both by the standard form of the equation referred to and by the analogous form which that principle involves. Most statements of the reduction are verifications and somewhat obscure the symmetry of the canonic form. The shortest procedure, of course, is by means of the well known theorem of Jacobi, and this verificatory method is followed by Tisserand, Charlier and Appell. Poincare gives a proof depending on a simple form given by him to the conditions for a canonical change of variables, but again the statement lacks analytical form. The essentials of this proof will be given here, but in an entirely different way. An analytical treatment of the subject has been given by Professor L. Becker in his class lectures at Glasgow, but it has not been published.


The steadily increasing number of distributed renewable energy sources as well as the integration of high loads such as heat pumps or charging procedures of electric vehicles in low voltage grids could cause significant peaks in the power domain – either in generation or consumption – or voltage constraints might be violated. New and innovative components like the Smart Breaker in cooperation with high performant software algorithms could be used to keep the grid within the specified borders. In this paper we introduce a methodology to support the adherence of limits on one hand and show the economic benefit of using the new technologies in contrast to grid reinforcement in two low voltage grids in Linz (Austria) on the other hand.


The field E in Maxwell's equation curl E = – δB/δt is limited to induction and Coulomb force. It does not extend to all phenomena that are included in E of Ohm's law, J = σE. Maxwell's equation would need another term to account for additional vorticity of the E in Ohm's law.


In the paper, wideband antenna arrays aimed at microwave imaging applications and SAR applications operating at Ka band were designed. The antenna array feeding network is realized by a low-loss SIW technology. Moreover, we have replaced the large feed network comprised of various T and Y junctions by a simple broadband network of compact size to more reduce losses in the substrate integrated waveguide and also save space on the PCB. The designed power 8-way divider is complemen ted by a wideband substrate integrated waveguide to a grounded coplanar waveguide transition and directly connected to the antenna elements. The measured results of antenna array are consistent with our simulation. Obtained results of the developed array demonstrated improvement compared to previously developed binary feed networks with microstrip or SIW splitters.


Post‐operative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of oesophagectomy and thought to signal a complicated post‐operative course. AF is associated with prolonged admissions, increased healthcare costs and inpatient mortality. However, the impact of post‐operative AF on long‐term outcomes remains uncertain.