The recent profound shift in the financing of American local governments, which are increasingly dependent on user fees and non-traditional revenue sources, justifies consideration of how to integrate cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cash-flow analysis (CFA) in project evaluation. This paper focuses on establishing the conceptual framework for a two-tiered methodology rather than on technical issues of CBA and CFA. It should be noted that CBA and CFA represent only two of a number of project evaluation tools including cost-revenue analysis (CRA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA).1 Throughout this article, the goods and services under consideration are referred to as "projects" for simplicity. CBA is an expenditure-evaluation procedure for estimating whether public provision of a good or service maximizes net social welfare (NSW). The goal of CBA is to measure the social gains and losses resulting from a proposed project. A key problem in CBA is how to monetize benefits and costs, and major assumptions often have to be made. Traditionally, it has emphasized expenditure allocation and tended to ignore financing issues.2 Project evaluation cannot be so readily separated from financial analysis under conditions in which opportunities for privatization and partial or full cost recovery through user payments must be considered. CFA is commonly used in business enterprises to make long-term investment decisions. CFA forecasts the cash receipts and cash expenses associated with a proposed project. Like CBA, it involves selection of an appropriate discount rate for converting future to present values. CFA evaluates the financial consequences of project provision, and it may be used for either commercial-feasibility determination or user-fee determination. Since passage of California's Proposition 13 and Massachusetts' Proposition 2?2, a revolution has occurred in the financing of American state and local governments.3 Fiscal austerity has compelled state and local governments to consider a variety of cutback management strategies.4 Among these strategies are innovative financing methods, defined as new tax bases or nontraditional public revenue sources such as lotteries and development impact taxes;5 creative financing methods to attract private funding especially for capital assets;6 alternative service delivery, including franchising, con* This paper proposes a new conceptualframework for integrating cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cash-flow analysis (CFA) into a two-tiered methodology for evaluating local government activities. The evaluation procedure may be enteredfrom either a CBA or a CFA perspective. The revolution in financing of American state and local governments engendered by fiscal austerity is steadily breaching the traditional separation of revenue and expenditure in CBA. This paper demonstrates that breaching and its implications explain the major issues encountered in developing an integrated, two-tiered methodology for project evaluation, and it applies the methodology to illustrative case studies of a parking garage and an emergency ambulance service.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier system where data bits are encoded to multiple sub-carriers, while being transmitted simultaneously. OFDM modulation can reduce the influence of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and enables high-quality communication, and is increasingly being used in environments that exhibit severe multipath. Although OFDM in theory has been in existence for a long time, recent developments in digital signal processing (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies have made it a feasible option. In this paper, an implementation of an OFDM transceiver on FPGA by instantiating parameterizable signal processing intellectual property (IP) functions is presented. The FPGA resource requirements of the various sub-systems is reported and the design methodology employed IP design, verification and FPGA implementation is described.


This study examines the relationship between work engagement, organizational commitment and group-level communication in a hospital setting. Social network analysis was used to examine the structure and usefulness of communication in a small group representing diverse responsibilities in a hospital setting. Personnel included physicians, specialist physicians, nurses, unit clerks, and senior administrators (N = 30). A pre-test, intervention, post-test design was used. In the intervention, participants reviewed pre-test results and made recommendations to improve communication. In this sample, relationships were observed between engagement, perceptions of useful communication and individual positions in the network. Participants reported a significant increase in work engagement and number of communication connections. Medical well-being and communication! May 4, 2010 Ian MacRae (email@example.com! 2/40


We have developed a synthesis of 1-3 and 1-1 disaccharides from 2-benzoyl glycal and anomeric thiol and/or hydroxy sugar acceptors under mild conditions at room temperature. The regio and stereo-selectivity of the newly formed inter-glycosidic linkages are dependent on the nature of the glycal donor (D or L) and anomeric acceptor.


ERLWANGER, K., T. CHANGARA, S. SAJENI, D. MASARA: Acute effects of Acute effects of doramectin on gastric acid secretion in anaesthetized rats - a short communication. doramectin on gastric acid secretion in anaesthetized rats - a short communication. Vet. arhiv 80, 533-537, 2010. ABSTRACT To investigate the acute effects of doramectin on basal and histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in anaesthetised rats, twenty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetised and their stomachs were cannulated and perfused with saline. Basal gastric acid secretion was collected from all rats. Doramectin (300 μg.kg-1, n = 5 and 600 μg.kg-1, n = 5) was then administered to ten rats intramuscularly, followed an hour later by histamine (100 μg.kg -1 ) subcutaneously. In another 10 rats the histamine was administered an hour before the doramectin. There was no signifi cant change in gastric acid secretion compared to when doramectin alone was administered. Histamine, produced a signifi cant increase (P<0.01) in gastric acid secretion. Doramectin neither potentiated nor decreased the effect of histamine on gastric acid secretion.


With the introduction and standardization of the semantic web as the third generation of the web, this technology has attracted and received more human attention than ever. Thus, the amount of semantic web data is continuously growing, which makes them a rich source of useful data for data mining techniques. Semantic web data have some complexities, such as the heterogeneous structure of data, the lack of well-defined transactions, and the existence of typed relations between items. In this paper, a new technique named SWApriori is presented, which by using both entities and relations in the extraction of frequent itemsets, generates a new class of association rules (ARs) from semantic web data. The proposed technique by considering the complex heterogeneous nature of semantic web data, without any need to a domain expert, and without any data conversion to transactional data format extracts ARs from semantic web data directly. For evaluation, the proposed technique is applied to Factbook and DBPedia datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique in extracting relational ARs from semantic web data by considering the mentioned challenges. Supplementary experiments show that the proposed technique can extract interesting patterns that are not discoverable by state-of-the-art association rule mining techniques.


The present research is to study the effects of ZnPcH1-basedphotodynamic therapy(ZnPcH1-PDT) on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells.Apoptotic cells were detected by DNA fragmentation analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method(TUNEL).The expressions of c-myc,htert,survivin and caspase-3 mRNA in the post-PDT cells were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that there was typical chromosomal DNA fragmentation in the cells treated with PDT.TUNEL staining analysis showed that the mean TUNEL-positive rates increased significantly at 2 different time points(24 h-post-PDT and 48 h-post-PDT;53.38 % and 67.46 %,respectively).The expressions of c-myc,htert and survivin mRNA were significantly down-regulated(P0.05),while the levels of caspase-3 mRNA were significantly up-regulated(P0.05) in the post-PDT cells.The research indicated that PDT could induce apoptosis in CNE1 cells via down-regulating c-myc,htert and survivin mRNA and up-regulating caspase-3 mRNA.


Through introducing knowledge complementarity into the model of principal-agent,we discuss the effect of the use of complement knowledge and the extension of freedom on incentive strength,agents' effort,and the principal's net income.Enterprises should create incentive mechanism based on knowledge complementarity,and improve employees' learning ability and develop sense of responsibility and loyalty to decrease cost.Employers should give more spaces to employees to decrease psychological cost and increase net income.


Syntheses of novel 1,2-, 2,N(6)-, and 2,9-polymethylene-bridged derivatives of adenine (7)–(9) are described. Cyclization of the intermediate 2,N(4)-bridged 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidines (6) gives a mixture of isomeric, 2,N(6)- and 2,9-bridged adenines in a ratio controlled by the number (n) of methylene groups in the chain; when n= 7, the first type (8) predominates, when n= 11, the second type (9) predominates, and when n= 9, both are formed in almost equal amounts. The structures (8) are confirmed by independent syntheses from appropriate cyclic iminoethers (2) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbonitrile (5) to give the 1,2-bridged adenine derivatives (7), most of which undergo spontaneous Dimroth rearrangement to afford the 2,N(6)-bridged adenines (8).


The study sought to investigate the attitudes of Masvingo-based Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) towards the Diploma in Adult and Continuing Education Programme offered by Great Zimbabwe University following a noticeable decline in student enrolment from 2010.The study used the qualitative design. Ten management and twenty non-management employees from ten Masvingo- based NGOs participated in the survey. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires and interviews. The findings of the research were that the respondents positively indicated that the Diploma in Adult and Continuing Education programme was relevant for training adult educators. However, it needed to add on courses that addressed the current needs of the NGO sector. The research recommends that Great Zimbabwe University should engage the NGOs in stakeholder needs analysis in order to re-align the programme with current needs of the non-governmental sector and in the marketing of future programmes.


Aspect is one of the verb's grammatical categories pertained to time. Aspect, which is distinct from Tense, denotes various approaches conveying the progress of contextual time. In terms of the history of studies on Tense, two theoretical approaches have been applied to explain the incoherence between Tense and Time. The first one is to express the past and the future in an ostensive way via establishing the context on the basis of the present. The other one is to adopt these three temporal variables. The approaches are applied to ascertain the feature and usage of present perfect tense of English language and prefinal ending '-었' of Korean language in this study. Not only the grammatical categories of two languages but also the similarity and difference between two languages are discussed according to the definition and classification of contextual time, reference time, and topic time. It would satisfy the curiosity about whether it is eligible to postulate that present perfect tense of English and prefinal ending '-었' of Korean share the same linguistic features. Conclusively, it would guide Korean English learners to clarify Tense via ratifying the definition of the three temporal forms from the perspective of Aspect.


The latest information and technology-3D technology and 3D-model, is being introduced in English class for assistance. The article studied the latest information technology used to choose efficient teaching materials,combined methods and melt principles. Take the English for civil engineering( ECE) for example. The result showed that the new model improved the teaching efficiency, cultivating the students creative thinking, building the structure of knowledge and languages and having a positive transfer for the students.


This article highlights the Bidlisiw Foundation Inc. a Cebu City-based nongovernmental organization that made a dent on the citys commercial sex industry which is mired by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and threatened by the scourge of HIV/AIDS. Founded in 1989 the foundation is involved in a wide range of activities starting from reaching out to sex workers in their workplaces at night subjecting them to informal peer education addressing the health hazards of their professions and helping them out of the flesh trade by equipping them with skills and start-up support for alternative means of livelihood. Moreover it has set up a Health Resource Center that addresses reproductive health issues and offers STD treatment to diseased sex workers through the Triple S Project (STD Syndromic Specific Project).


Abstract The process of stigmatization in mass media encompasses the organization of news production. The journalistic routines of hunting, editing,and writing facts underlies the process of stigmatization. Researcher applies critical discourse analysis using three models of analysis—text, social cognition, and social context—from Teun van Dijk. Researcher puts analysis on news about terrorism taken from Kompas, July-October 2009. Kompas news discourse on terrorism, characteristics of terrorist, and description of the terrorist's relatives is a reflection that comes from the facts and a representation of the given reality. Mass media plays a role as an arena that represents social facts relying on its newsmaking construction. In representing those social facts, mass media does not work autonomously. It depends on the economical, political, and social interests and publisher intervention. It is about how to select sources, facts, and facts presentation manifested in text to put emphasis on assumption that framework in news production integrates with its vested interests. Keyword s : stigmatization, mass media, terrorism, critical discourse analysis


In this paper we present a tool for macro generation of soft cores performing arithmetic operations for a wide variety of operand sizes and architectures. The tool produces structural Verilog descriptions. Hence, any commercial synthesis tool can be used to map the produced designs to a specific technology. The generator covers all four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Therefore, applications requiring arithmetic cores, as for example digital signal processing and multimedia applications, can be completed faster and with less effort.


There are only a few reports on the effect of physical activity in the myoenteric plexus throughout the aging process. For such, the positive myoenteric NADPH-diaphoresis neurons in the ileum of those rats that aged practicing physical activity from the sixth month were analyzed. Ten Wistar rats were distributed into two groups (n= 5/group): S (12 months-old control sedentary rats) and T (12 months-old trained rats). The animals from the T group practiced controlled physical activity from the age of 6 months to 12 months, according to the maximum effort test results. At the end of the experimental period, the ileum obtained from each animal was processed in the NADPH-diaphoresis technique to highlight myoenteric neurons in membrane preparations, and quantify and measure the perikaryon area from those neurons. The Perikaryon area did not differ (P>0.05) among the S group (218.49 μm2) and the T group (210.59 μm2). The average of neurons in 60 membrane preparations in the S group (126 neurons) was higher (P<0.05) than the average finding in the T group (93 neurons), indicating that the physical activity can inhibit or decrease the nitrergic expression in 12 month-old rats that have practiced physical activity from the age of 6 months. The quantitative results suggest that the lack of regular physical activity provides the elevation of nitrergic neurons, concurring to the emergence of gastrointestinal motility disorders that can occur during the aging process.


To the Editor.— Cohen et al 1 describe painful papules of the sides of the heel. They quote Shelley and Rawnsley 2 as considering these papules to be due to fat herniation through connective tissue defects. Unfortunately, they were unable to obtain consent to biopsy these lesions for confirmation of the clinical impression. My only experience with this problem was a 22-year-old white woman who had similar lesions of the heel, for a two-month duration. A biopsy was performed which revealed an intact epidermis showing moderate keratosis and a prominent granular cell layer. The pattern of rete ridges was poorly developed. There was nonspecific degeneration of collagen with hyalinization and blurring of architectural detail. Sweat glands and ducts could be readily identified although they were not numerous. There was no appreciable inflammatory response. Special stains for amyloid were negative. The concept of fat herniation on pressure would appear to be


Abstract This article considers the development of an academic precariat and its impact on sport history. It discusses the author's own experiences as a sport historian and the impact of academic unemployment on a generation of would-be sport historians. It argues that not only is there an academic precariat within sport history but that this is the result of internal and external factors. Externally it reflects the challenges to the academy from market reforms and the neo-liberalization of the academic world, and internally it reflects the failure of senior academics to resist those reforms thereby allowing junior colleagues to take the full force of their impact. The result is a lost generation of sport historians.


Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of open reduction by leverage with small incision and percutaneous Kirschner pins fixation for treatment of Sanders Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.Method: From January 2004 to December 2008,46 patients(51 feet) were treated with open reduction by leverage with small incision and percutaneous Kirschner pins fixation.According to Sanders' classification,all patients,calcaneal fractures were Sanders type Ⅱ.The anatomic reduction of posterior facet were evaluated by restoration of width,the Bhler angle and Gissane angle after operation.During follow-up,complications were observed and the foot function was evaluated by Maryland foot score.Result: One of the patients suffered with necrosis of skin and soft tissue.Kirschner pins loosed in another patient.The preoperative X-ray showed that Bhler angle was(6.1±3.6)°,Gissane angle was(101.5±7.1)°and calcaneal width was(39.8±1.7)mm.The postoperative X-ray showed that Bhler angle was(31.5±3.5)°,Gissane angle was(121.65±5)°and calcaneal width was(31.2±1.5)mm.There were significant differences before and after opreation(P0.01).During 24 months follow-up on average,28 feet were excellent,17 were good,and 6 were fair according to Maryland foot score.The excellent and good rate was 88.2%.Conclusion: Open reduction by leverage with small incision and percutaneous Kirschner pins fixation is one of the ideal treatment methods for Sanders Ⅱ calcaneal fracture.It can obtain good reduction and stable fixation with lower complications.


The luminescence of a number of CdS single crystals was investigated, and the temperature dependence of the intensity of the red band was measured between - l80 and 150 deg C. The intensity decreased rapidly with increased temperature, and this intensity decrease was irreversible. The spectral distribution of the luminescence before and after illumination at high temperatures was measured, and a typical curve is shown. The green luminescence was investigated in a similar manner, and the results showed that the intensity was reduced as in the red band. (J.S.R.)


Abstract. The purpose of the current study was to understand the association between bullying experiences (i.e., bullying, victimization, and defending) and social, emotional, and cognitive factors. The social factor was social skills (i.e., empathy, assertion, cooperation, responsibility); the emotional factor was emotional difficulties (i.e., personal adjustment, internalizing problems, school problems), and the cognitive factor was executive functioning skills (i.e., self-monitoring, inhibitory control, flexibility, emotional regulation). Data on students' perceptions of their own social skills, emotional difficulties, and bullying role behavior were collected from 246 sixth- through eighth-grade students. Teachers provided reports of students' executive functioning skills. Results indicated that (a) emotional difficulties were significantly and positively associated with victimization for boys and girls, (b) emotional difficulties were significantly and positively associated with defending for girls, (c) executive functioning was significantly and negatively associated with defending for boys, and (d) social skills were significantly and positively related to defending behavior for boys and girls. These results emphasize the importance of examining the social, emotional, and cognitive factors associated with bullying. Social skills and emotional and executive functioning appear to vary systematically across bullying roles and should be considered when developing targeted social–emotional interventions to stop bullying, increase defending, and support victims or those at risk for victimization.


【Objective】The present study was conducted to clone coat protein gene of citrus tristeza virus(CTV)collected from Gannan navel oranges(south of Jiangxi province) and analyze its sequence genetic information, in order to lay the foundation for preventing CTV from spreading by using mild strains cross protection method. 【Method】The CP gene of CTV sample was amplified with RT-PCR and sequenced. The recombination and nucleotide sequence composition of CP gene in different CTV samples were detected by using software. The nucleotide genetic distance among collected CTV samples and 10 completed whole genome sequencing CTV isolates were calculated, and followed by sequence homology comparison and phylogenetic tree construction. 【Result】Amongst 214 collected citrus leaf samples, 78 samples were infected with CTV, and the disease incidence was 36.4%. Out of 78 CTV samples, only one sample was found to be has genetic recombination. The full-length sequence of CP gene in 78 CTV samples was 672 bp in length,and there were no any base deletion and insertion. The average GC and AT(U) compositions of CP gene were 52.8%and 47.2%, respectively. The CP nucleotide genetic distance amongst 78 CTV samples were 0-0.072, and those between 78 samples and 10 known isolates were 0-0.106, respectively. The nucleotide and its deduced amino acid of CP gene amongst 78 samples shared 89.1%-100.0% and 92.3%-100.0% of homology, and they shared 76.5%-98.9% and73.6%-99.5% of homologies with 10 known CTV isolates, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that, 78 samples and 10 known CTV isolates could be divided into four groups. The first group(Ⅰ) contained 49 collected CTV samples and 7 known isolates(6 virulent strains and 1 mild strain). The second group(Ⅱ) contained 21 collected samples and 2 known isolates Qaha and Mexico-ctv. The third group( Ⅲ) only contained sample CRJ14 which came from Ruijin region. The fourth group( IV) contained one known isolate HA16- 5 and those collected samples from Jiangkou and Ningdu regions of Jiangxi province. 【Conclusion】The CP gene of CTV isolates from Gannan navel oranges is highly conserved, and its sequence has variation at a certain extent. There are higher and complex relationship amongst each collected isolate, and most of them are associated with virulent and stem pitting isolates.


Objective: To study the effect of microscopic suture on trauma detachment of ciliary body.Methods: The detachment range of ciliary body was detected by a gonioscope and was suture under microscope.Results: 8 eyes of 8 cases regained the normal intraocular pressure after operation and obtained better visual acuity.Conclusion: The surgery of microscopic suture on ciliary body is a effective in treating detachment of ciliary


This paper considers the range and purposes of different types of practical work relevant to the primary science curriculum. Some of the successes and limitations, identified in formal inspection, especially in the need to focus teaching and learning more on obtaining and considering evidence in the science curriculum are considered. The language of programmes of study for Experimental and Investigative Science, Sc1, has been interpreted and expanded to support teachers' understanding of what is demanded by this aspect of the statutory orders.


The soil carbon pool management index is an important quantitative index to characterize soil carbon change. It is of great significance to study the change process of easily oxidized organic carbon in the soil and carbon pool management index can be used in the case of saline-alkali fields of western Jilin province to understand the evolution of soil quality and evaluate its effects during ecological restoration. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), readily oxidized organic carbon (ROOC), non-readily oxidized organic carbon (NROOC) and carbon pool activity (A), carbon pool activity index (AI), carbon pool management index (CMI) and carbon pool index (CPI) in salinealkali paddy fields in western Jilin, China were analyzed. The results showed that the soil layer and rice growth stage were the main factors affecting the changes in soil carbon pool, and the CPI and CMI increased with the increase of cultivation time. The soil ROOC, NROOC is closely related to SOC and is an important part of soil SOC, and obviously depends on the input, fixation, transformation and decomposition of surface carbon sources.


A seat has a separate backrest and squab. Both the squab and the backrest are independently movable, the squab moving to a second, forward, tilted position and the backrest to a second rearward tilted position. Forward and rearward tilt limiters (630 and 632) are provided to restrict the movement of the squab and backrest. Forward and rearward actuators are provided and act to move the squab and backrest. The position of each of the tilt actuators (662 and 664) is indicative of the setting of the actuators. A spring biased linkage means connects the actuator means to the tilt means.


Land surface classification and impervious surface cover derived from Landsat TM imagery is coupled with an urban growth model to predict future changes in surface runoff resulting from urbanization. An illustration is presented for a medium-sized watershed, Spring Creek Basin in Centre County, Pennsylvania.


Nowadays, the new formats generation such as part of the regulations and automation support universal bibliographic has been a task for Libraries. One discusses in this document concerns about the use and development of a model-based in Marc 21 and ROA for publications of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana inside the Tienda Javeriana's bookstore. Based on all the parameters and structures that rule the universal bibliographic, was structured a model which purpose is to cover the increased use of the bibliographic fields within the Tienda Javeriana's bookstore and explain their application through basic guides in order to access monograph printed material. However, we must take advantage from the possibilities that the market offers and create an attractive offer to new customers and build competitive advantages in the new bibliographic management. Consequently for the bibliographic organization of the printed publications is important to apply internal technical processes such as inventory, organization, classification and cataloging with the new ROA rules.


Leaf anatomy characters are commonly stable, however some of them can change because of environmental influence. Identification of those characters are necessary to be conducted by observing anatomical structure of the plants grown out side of the natural habitat. The objective of this research is to examine the stability of leaf anatomy characters of wild taro on their natural habitat and after planted in the dry field. Leaf anatomical observation was conducted by preparing paradermal and transversal sections. The result indicated that leaf anatomical character was the number of palisade layers of Ciju-2 and Jonggol grown out side their natural habitat was stable. Leaf anatomical characters of Ciju-2 collection were palisade thickness, sponge thickness, leaf thickness, stoma density on abaxial surface changed after planted on dry field. Whereas on Jonggol collection significant difference were found on papil height on abaxial surface, stomatal index on abaxial surface, and palisade thickness on dry field and natural habitat.


4 Santosh Gupta Functional Study of Oncogenic Transcription Factor ERG and its Signaling in Prostate Cancer Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, and VTT Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland


The management of heritage buildings as a fundamental part of progress is a relatively new theme in Colombia, particularly in Antioquia. Medellin, capital of Antioquia, is one of the best examples of order and progress in the country because, from the 20th century onwards, important changes have been made in terms of infrastructure and the almost total coverage of services. However, according to historian Gustavo Londono, the majority of this development has been carried out at the cost of demolishing heritage buildings in the name of progress and modernity. Until very recently, heritage conservation in Medellin was considered antagonistic to development, but fortunately, today this premise has been refuted with the help of many heritage restoration projects that strengthen the development of the country through the adaptive use of the buildings that contain the historical memory of every community.
For many years, Bello, a municipality of the Antioquia department in Colombia was known as a workers' town, dedicated especially to railway activity and textile manufacturing. The arrival of the railway to this small town boosted its development, increased employment opportunities, education and income, and reinforced its connection to the rest of the country. For this reason, places like the general workshops of the Antioquia railway were very important for the inhabitants of the municipality, as it was one of the most important sources of not only monetary income, but also of knowledge, for the population. It was there where the majority of the population was educated and trained as railroaders, thus gaining its recognition as a workers' town, or the artists' city as it is also known today. Unfortunately, with the arrival of articulated and heavy cargo trucks as a new mode of transporting goods in the country triggered the end of the Antioquia railway in 1961. This left many stations and workshops desolate and forgotten, one of which was the general workshops of the railway in Bello, leading to the marginalisation of this population.
Intervention in these workshops aims to be a pioneer in adaptive use projects in Colombia, incentivizing the conservation and revitalisation of heritage buildings. The re-functionalization of the railway workshops as an arts and trades park manages to preserve the heritage value of the buildings, and also to reinforce its essence as the source of knowledge for the artistic and worker community of Bello.


The spouse's speech is an expected part of national nominating conventions but is largely ignored in political rhetoric research. This article examines 10 speeches delivered by nominees' spouses between 1992 and 2012 using the feminine style as a critical lens. What emerges are recurring themes and strategies that reinforce a limited perspective on women as political actors. The wives' speeches are restricted to "feminine" political topics or perspectives and reframe the speaking situation in personal terms. The emphasis on tales of home and family also limits the scope of the speakers' perceived expertise and interests. The spouses' speeches embody concerns Parry-Giles and Parry-Giles express regarding the feminine style's use to reinforce a hegemonic masculinity in a traditionally patriarchal political system.


In digital audio compression processes, a lossless audio compression method is frequently used. This project is going to explore the FLAC lossless audio format. During the process of encoding digital audio signals, a 60-minute recording may take a few minutes to compress using a single thread CPU. However, the audio signal has been coded in parallel with a GPU, significantly improving its performance. The use of a GPU for encoding FLAC audio data has been explored and the efficiency of data compression has been improved by using CUDA programming in GPU. The parallelism in compression caused by implementing CUDA is data level parallelism. This means the input signal has been broken into several blocks or chunks of contiguous data, each of which is then encoded and compressed independently. The GPU encoding performance is directly determined by the number of threads and the size of input signals, following tests the speed of encoding was improved to the extent that it was 2.4 times faster than the original version.


A robust sliding mode observer is proposed and applied to realize the synchronization for a class of chaotic systems. The robust sliding mode observer is designed by using a sliding mode and a control strategy. The convergence rate of the observer can be regulated. The synchronization for two chaotic systems can be realized by using the sliding mode observer, which is robust to the internal parameter uncertainties and the external disturbances. The sliding mode observer can realize synchronization not only for the low dimensional chaotic systems but also for the high dimensional hyperchaotic systems. The simulations of Chua's circuit and hyperchaotic Rossler system show the effectiveness of the design.


ABSTRACT 'Partanosaurus zitteli' is an obscure and doubtful sauropterygian taxon from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) of the Austrian Alps, described at the end of the 19th century and based on isolated axial and pectoral remains belonging to a single individual. For more than 20 years, it has been considered an invalid species, belonging to the much better known sauropterygian genus Simosaurus, also from the European Ladinian record. The revision of the type species of Simosaurus (i.e., Simosaurus gaillardoti, considered to be the only representative of the monospecific clade Simosauridae until recent times), the recent definition of a new simosaurid taxon (i.e., Paludidraco multidentatus), and the discovery in the past decade of new European Upper Triassic simosaurid remains not attributable to any of those two species permit a better understanding of the Simosauridae clade. The validity of 'P. zitteli' is revised based on these new findings. Its previous proposal as a junior synonym of S. gaillardoti cannot be justified here, but we opt to declare it a nomen dubium, considering the scarce material currently attributed to it and the absence of autapomorphies. We recognize a higher diversity for the clade Simosauridae than previously expected. Emended diagnoses for S. gaillardoti and Pa. multidentatus are provided, based on the review of the known simosaurid specimens, including the holotype of 'P. zitteli.'


The aim of this work is to study the influence of the main parameters of sewage pyrolysis in a rotary kiln on the product distriburion and energy balances. An indirectly heated rotary kiln at a laboratory scale was used (4 kg/h). An increase in the final temperature causes the reduction of the total condensable products and the non-condensable gas fraction increases. The residence time of the volatile phase has an important influence on the secondary reactions to increase the non-condensable gas with low tars content. These results contribute also a valuable input to perform LCA.


Piecewise linear (PWL) systems are mostly partitioned based on their state variables. Due to the output noise and estimation errors, the transitions of actual state and its estimate may not be synchronized. In this paper, we consider the non-synchronized Hinfin estimation problem for both continuous-time and discrete-time PWL systems. This paper extends the authors' previous work and presents a number of less conservative design approaches


The implied meaning of the space relation and the space property projected onto non-space matter and concepts is treated as metaphors. The human body is the prototypical model, and the experience of the body is the base of the metaphorical concepts. This paper is to clarify and explain the image schema and the motivation of the spatial metaphor from a cognitive perspective.


We developed a simple, label-free, DNAzyme-based electrochemical impedance sensor for highly sensitive detection of Cu 2+ ions in aqueous solution. A complex of Cu 2+ -dependent DNAzyme and its corresponding substrate was immobilized on the gold electrode surface though Au-S bond. In the presence of Cu 2+ ions, the cleavage of DNAzyme resulted in a significant change in the charge transfer resistance signal intensity. The resistance signal change correlated with the concentration of Cu 2+ ions. The proposed sensor showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The limit of detection of this sensor is 5 nM, which is far below the limit of Cu 2+ ions (~ 20 μM) mandated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A series of metal ions, such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ , have little interference with the detection of Cu 2+ ions.


To the editor, We read with great interest the article by Zhang et al.[1] concerning the use of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in preventing liverrelated events (LREs) in NAFLD. We congratulate the authors for conducting this retrospective study, which had a large sample size and long followup duration. After propensity score weighting, the authors observed that ACEI users had a significantly lower risk of LREs compared with nonusers. The reduction in LREs was observed even after adjusting for confounders and was greater in participants with chronic kidney disease. In this regard, we want to highlight a number of issues concerning the present study. To begin with, it is well known that renin– angiotensin– aldosterone system consists of canonical (angiotensinconverting enzyme [ACE]– angiotensin [Ang] II– Angiotensin II type 1 receptor [AT1R]) and noncanonical (ACE2– Ang[17]– Mas) pathways.[2] It is also established that the ACE2– Ang(17)– Mas axis is able to counteract most of the deleterious actions of the ACE– Ang II– AT1R axis in pathological conditions.[2] Between ACEIs and AT1recepter blockers (ARBs) in the context of NAFLD, AT1R antagonism is considered more specific than ACE inhibition, as AT1R mediates the deleterious actions of Ang II in the liver. ACEI inhibits both AT1R and AT2 receptor (AT2R), thereby negating the counterbalancing effects of AT2R on the actions of AT1R.[3] Therefore, in the field of NAFLD therapeutics, the thrust has been on ARBs.[4] However, in the present study, the beneficial effects observed in ACEI users were not replicated in ARB users, which is surprising. Next, there is some degree of ambiguity in defining fibrosis in this cohort. The authors mention that among all ACEI users, 535 patients had advanced fibrosis (F34), whereas 419 patients had cirrhosis (based on complications of cirrhosis, aspartate aminotransferasetoplatelet ratio index (APRI) > 2, and Fibrosis4 (FIB4) index > 3.25). We would like to know if the staging of liver fibrosis was also done based on the FIB4 index. Because there is no mention of liver biopsy or transient elastography, staging of liver fibrosis by the APRI/FIB4 index is prone to inaccuracies. Further, the authors state 183 patients without cirrhosis at baseline developed LREs. It is important to know how many of these patients developed liver cancer and complications of cirrhosis separately and the influence of ACEI use in this subgroup. Finally, ACEIs and ARBs require careful monitoring of blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and serum potassium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease, whereas the use of ACEIs and ARBs has an adverse effect on the fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and should be discontinued immediately after pregnancy is detected.[5] However, there is no mention of the number of patients with pregnancy in this cohort or the number of patients who developed adverse effects of ACEI use. We feel coming to a conclusion on the role of ACEIs and ARBs in NAFLD based on a retrospective study would be premature. Mechanistic evidence in future prospective studies is the way forward.


An experimental prototype memory with 32 ten bit words has been designed, built, and tested. Circular spots 116 in. in diameter about 600 A thick are used. These are evaporated on two pieces of glass each comprising a 16×16 spot array. An operating cycle time of less than one‐half microsecond appears possible.The circuitry for driving and sensing is transistorized and the memory uses external register selection from a core‐diode matrix. Word selection is provided by a transverse field, and a digit winding conditions the information written by applying a longitudinal field in the "one" or "zero" direction.Extension to sizes of the order of 1000 words is planned using these techniques. The memory constructed here will soon be installed in the control element of the TX‐2 computer.


The fact that Isidor Sadger, Freud's self-proclaimed earliest pupil, had written and published his recollections of Freud, has been known for many years. But it had proved impossible to locate a copy of Sadger's book. Now an English version has appeared (to be followed soon by the German original). This paper, based on archival sources, tells the dramatic story of Sadger's book, discusses its strengths and weaknesses and assesses the scholarship and translation of the English edition.


Manual calibration has been widely used in large projector-camera interaction system, which possesses such limitations as fewer calibration points, lower accuracy, requirement of professional operation and waste of time. An accurate and rapid automatic calibration method is presented in this paper, in which a mechanical structure is used to switch the wavelength of a camera from which the vertexes of cells in the projected image are recognized. The points' correspondences are calculated between the projected image and the captured image, by which the real position in the projected image of the touch point is worked out in interactive processing. The complex warp caused by optical distortion can be eliminated with the point by point way. The proposed method can improve the accuracy of the projector-camera interaction system, reduce the complexity of system installation and promote the robustness of the interaction system.


Large-scale highway construction can improve traffic environment and develop the local economy so that it can contribute to the stable development of whole country in China now,but if proper measures can′t be taken,it will destroy the environment and play negative effectiveness. The effectiveness on water resource is one of the important aspects. The relative research at home and abroad show that if we don′t take proper measures,highway construction must affect on water resource directly or indirectly. As China is a country lack of water resource,it is necessary to develop the study on water resource protection and rehabilitation in highway construction. Based on studies of road water source protection,a summary is given according to the problems we met in China and research expectation to our study in this field in China in the future is also proposed,which increase studies in this field.


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A technique for electrical power generation for planetary exploration applications using thermoelectric conversion of subsurface heat flows is described. Sufficiently shallow vehicles can exploit the diurnal temperature cycle as heat flows in and out of the soil the converter exploits the temperature gradient along the length of the vehicle. Proof-of-concept experiments are described using off-the-shelf thermoelectric CPU cooling plates as generators. TABLE OF CONTENTS for future science goals, either by digging and drilling to extract subsurface material and recovering it to a lander or rover, or by deployment of instrumentation beneath the surface using penetrators or moles. The question then arises of how to power such vehicles. While primary batteries are an obvious choice for shortduration subsurface applications; longer-term missions may require a power source, rather than simple energy storage. Radioisotope sources are of course a possibility, but have onerous safety and reporting requirements which introduce significant cost.


Historically, an accurate knowledge of the size, behavior, and spatial distribution of the human population has been useful for understanding many social and political processes and phenomenon. The quality and availability of census data for a growing proportion of the world's population is continuing to deteriorate. Night lights have shown encouraging agreement between temporally stable lighted areas and the various definitions of urban extent. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Optical Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS) sensor of USA acquires images at night. Night-time satellite imagery is evaluated as a means of estimating the population of all the cities of the world based on their areal extent in the image. Models derived from night-time satellite imagery have the potential to dramatically improve our knowledge of the spatial distribution and intensity of human presence on the surface of the plane. The area of Pakistan is 881913 km2 having population of about 200 million (2015), which is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. By using the known population of urban areas in every year (1992–2013), a total national population is also estimated using the regression analysis having r  $^{2} =0.87$ . Finally, we conclude that DMSP-OLS can be used to monitor the population and their activities.


• Premise of the study: The dramatic advances offered by modem DNA sequencers continue to redefine the limits of what can be accomplished in comparative plant biology. Even with recent achievements, however, plant genomes present obstacles that can make it difficult to execute large-scale population and phylogenetic studies on next-generation sequencing platforms. Fac tors like large genome size, extensive variation in the proportion of organellar DNA in total DNA, polyploidy, and gene num ber/redundancy contribute to these challenges, and they demand flexible targeted enrichment strategies to achieve the desired goals.


This study was conducted to determine the effects of increased soil salinity on six different crops' yield grown in Harran plain, and evaluate the possible farming strategies to increase the agricultural production profi tability under certain salinity levels. Salin- ity levels used ranged from 0.0 to 30.0 dS m -1 , which were present at lower laying part of the Harran plain. Farming inputs included fi eld preparation and sowing, maintenance, harvest and transportation, and other costs. On the other hand, value of revenue in- cluded the revenue plus additional revenues. Economical analyses of the data revealed that under the 10.0 dS m -1 salinity, vegetables were more profi table, especially eggplant (13.0 dS m -1 ) followed by tomato (10.0 dS m -1 ) and pepper (6.0 dS m -1 ). As far as agronomic crops concerned, their salt tolerance was high with profi table farming up to 14 dS m -1 . Among those agronomic crops, wheat was the most profi table crop as compared to cotton and the second crop corn. However, since the governmental subsidizes were high for cotton, cotton cultivation was more profi table. Therefore the farmers in the lower-laying part of the Harran plain prefer to grow cotton.


Aiming at failure of the conventional visual dispatch system to provide such functions as data sharing and collaborative decision,meet the needs of development of current power grid characterized by large scale,complex structure and difficult dispatch,it is proposed to apply the grid-based visual dispatch system in smart grid.Therefore,the paper analyzes and introduces advantages of grid-based visual dispatch system as well as approaches fir realization and functions.The system can give full play to advantages such as high grid computing capacity,intensified data sharing and excellent extensibility,providing high-standard dispatch functions for smart gird.


There are crucial differences about the corporate governance practices based on the regulation in Indonesia and South Korea. Director and Auditor are explained in the Korean Company Law, but it is absent in the Indonesian Company Law. Hence, this research aims to discuss the comparison between representatives of directors of a company and auditors between South Korean and Indonesian companies. It adopted normative legal approach that utilized a qualitative method in analyzing data and using secondary data. All secondary data was collected from library research.  It also adopted a juridical qualitative approach to analyze the secondary data. It found that the exact position of auditors in Indonesia is very different from those in South Korea. South Korean law is foreign to the term "commissioners", it has an auditor instead. Indonesia has both director and commissioner as the boards in a company. Auditor in Indonesia is an external party that must be hired by the company.


Edges are the regions of object where there is a pointed change in intensity or gray level. Edge detection is one of the most frequently used operations in image analysis. If the edges are accurate, all the objects are located efficiently and the performance can be evaluated easily. Process of Edge detection is really a complicated task. Lot of research has been done in this field for many years. Object recognition, Target tracking, Segmentation, Data compression and Image matching are the most important areas of application where edge detection is highly required. This paper introduces a new edge detection technique using derivative mask. This mask is based on third order difference equation. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new edge detector in terms of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error). Performance of this new mask compared with second order Laplacian Mask. Proposed mask is efficient and faster to implement. Experimental result on various images shows all the edges efficiently.


Elliptic curve cryptosystem based on its shorter length,high security features in the public key cipher system is widely used,its security is based on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm abstruse,it also depends on the selection of elliptic curve.Establishment of elliptic curve cryptography is one of the most important problems is to produce secure elliptic curve can resist the attack of existing algorithms.The ECC encryption technology is applied to the register code software encryption and protection scheme,the cryptanalysis-resisting capacity is discussed,finally the ECC algorithm security is researched and analysed.Therefore,based on its strong security ECC encryption technology will be widely applied.


The aim of this study was to assess the content of selected minerals (Ca, K, Na, Mg, S, P, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ni) and moisture values in types of pastirma (sirt, kusgomu, bohca, and sekerpare), a dry-cured meat product. Forty-four samples of pastirma were collected from Turkey and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) for quantitative determination. Na content was the highest out of all the other minerals in all the pastirma types (31.9-47.7 g kg -1 dry weight). The determined mean ranges of heavy metals were 2.6 ± 0.5 to 3.6 ± 0.8 Pb, 245.3 ± 102 to 323.4 ± 92 Zn, 2.8 ± 2.4 to 3.9 ± 1.8 Mn, 69.7 ± 25 to 81.6 ± 15 Fe, and 0.9 ± 0.3 to 1.2 ± 0.5 Ni mg kg -1 dry weight. Significant differences among the types of pastirma were observed in Ca (P 0.05). Moisture values of kusgomu were lower than those of the other types of pastirma (P < 0.05).


A new sequential quadric programming interior-point algorithm for nonlinear programming is put forward in this paper. The difference of the method with others is that an affine transformation is put in, and it avoids the line search used in many other algorithms. These reduce the computational complexity greatly. The detail iteration steps and a discussion about the convergence are given out in the paper.


The design scheme for monitoring system center of communication power supply and air_conditioning for Daqing telecommunication bureau was presented . And the structure, functions and implementation methods of the system were introduced in detail.


To benefit the producers of a goods, government imposes a floor price. Using the price gap adjustment approach, this paper derives all the formulae of interest of a floor price under all three options separately. For government point of view, it finds condition under which price support option is preferred to price subsidy options. The condition is in discord with the theory. All the derived formulae are in terms of three adjustment weights, floor price, and price intercepts.


This paper describes an interactive and studentfriendly framework for teaching digital circuits and computer architecture topics. It aims to improve students learning process by providing a visual drag-and-drop circuit design editor, interactive simulation, signal monitoring and testbench tools all integrated in a widely accessible application that runs in the browser. Circuitly does so in a programmatic way, to help students better understand the Hardware Description Languages they will encounter in the future.


Ascaris or roundworms are the most common intestinal nematode infecting man with high disease prevalence in developing countries. Besides migrating to respiratory systems of the body as an integral part of its life cycle, adult Ascaris has been associated with occasional case reports of erratic migration from abnormal sites. In this case report, we present the isolation of this worm from the proximal portion of the intercostal drainage tube in a traumatised young male patient. Such cases remind us about the ubiquity of the worm and persistence in unfavourable host conditions.


: An analysis of trends of developments in science and technology in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad shows that development of an innovative economy is not possible without the effective functioning of the "venture capital business." Most venture capital companies utilize a legal form of partnership (limited liability company), composed of 3-4 core members and a number associated participants. Their goal, it is known, is the receipt of funds from contributors and organization of risky enterprises.


Alkali-halide crystals coloured with X-ray irradiation were observed electronmicroscopically using replica techniques. Crystals bleached by keeping them in air and by thermal treatment were also observed. Growth of crystallites was seen not only on the irradiated front face, but also on the side face and on the newly cleaved section. An interesting growth of crystallites was observed all over the front face with the progress in colouration. It was also seen on the side face that the growth of crystallites similar to that on the front face occured in accordance with the degree of colouration. At the inner part of coloured crystal, growth of crystallites was observed only along the steps or in the neighbouring part. By the process quite reverse to the crystal growth in colouration, crystallites grown during colouration disappeared in the process of bleaching. Results obtained were discussed.


Present research was dedicated to investigation of finite element size effect on deformation predictions of reinforced concrete bending members. Experimental beams have been modelled by commercial finite element soft- ware ATENA, using two main approaches for simulating tension-stiffening: stress-crack width (fracture mechanics approach) and average stress-average strain relationships. The latter approach uses the ultimate strain adjusted accord- ing to the finite element size. It was shown that the modelled post-cracking behaviour of the beams is dependent on the finite element mesh size. To reduce this effect, a simple formula has been proposed for adjusting the length of the descending branch of the constitutive relationship. Post-cracking behaviour of a reinforced concrete bridge girder has been investigated assuming different finite element mesh sizes. The analysis has shown that the proposed technique al- lows reducing the dependence of calculation results on the finite element size.


It is now common practice to monitor the hydrocarbon distribution and reservoir structure during production with the help of 4D seismic. The reservoir monitoring is based on the assumption that information about changes in fluid saturation, pressure and temperature with time is recorded by changes in seismic amplitudes. The detection of changes in the structure (e.g., faults and compaction) of a reservoir may be important because they can seriously influence the behaviour of the reservoir. The study area is part of the Syd Arne field, located in the Danish North Sea, and contains a chalk reservoir of the Tor Formation. The data used in this study consists of 3D seismic cubes obtained in 1995 and 2011, and three angle stacks for each cube. The most evident observation when comparing the two cubes is the compaction observed for a limited part of the reservoir, below a gas cloud in the overburden. This same area shows an increase in fault displacement, and the development of new faults from 1995 to 2011. An AVO analysis is conducted using the angle stacks, and first results indicate a class I anomaly, which shows that the hydrocarbon has a detectable impact on the seismic amplitudes.


Impacts of nuclear power plants are generally considered on a local scale only. A schema that considers local and interstate convergence and divergence is found useful in identifying the widespread nature of the impacts, especially those associated with a local decision to build a nuclear facility. Of the four possible subdivisions within this schema, three apply to the Palo Verde power plant near Phoenix, AZ.


Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism(PE),and to design diagnostic procedures,and clinical management for PE.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 48 patients with PE.Results Total misdiagnosis rate of the first consultation in 48 acute PE patients was 72.9%,79.2% of those had hypoxemia and/or hypocapnemia,91.7% of those showed D-dimmer positive(500 μg/L),85.4% of those have typical changes on UCG,87.5% patients showed filling-defect at or above pulmonary segmental artery level.Conclusion Misdiagnosis the of PE is high,Doctors in emergency department should have a high sense of diagnosis to PE,to set up the "Green Path" for PE is urgent.


This paper applies the binary model into the management of engineering drawings and puts forward a binary tree model to indicate the relationship of drawings and also developed a management system of engineering drawings which can administrate the drawings effectively.


The invention belongs to semiconductor technology, and specifically relates to an accumulating type shield grid MOSFET integrating a schottky diode. A shield grid MOSFET area formed on a silicon substrate is separated from and adjacent to a schottky diode forming area. The accumulating type shield grid MOSFET has a shield grid structure, and the schottky diode has a groove structure identical to that of the shield grid MOSFET, and the schottky diode is filled in the top of the groove through source electrode metal to form a schottky contact on the side surface of the groove to reduce a chip occupied area. The forming process of the schottky diode is compatible with the forming process of MOSFET, thereby reducing process steps. When the schottky diode is reversely biased, an electric field exists between a polysilicon 7 in the groove 14 and N+ drift region 2, the N+ drift region 2 generates depletion, and the depletion area extends to the N+ drift region 2 until complete depletion. The breakdown of schottky junctions is prevented, and reverse current leakage of schottky diode is minimized.


Utilizing four shale samples from a mine at Ibese, Southwest, Nigeria, this study evaluated the source rock potential of the shales of the Ewekoro Formation, Benin Basin. The four shale samples, Sample1, Sample-2, Sample-3 and Sample-4, were analysed for their total organic carbon (TOC) content, elemental concentration of major, trace and transition elements as well as the type of organic matter they contain. Using the log (Fe2O3/K2O) versus log (SiO2/Al2O3) classification technique for terrigenous sediments, the samples were classified as iron-rich shales. The paleo-redox condition of deposition for the sediments was determined using the Vanadium-Chromium ratio (V/Cr). V/Cr ratios of 0.9, 1.3, 0.7 and 1.0 were estimated for Sample-1, Sample-2, Sample-3 and Sample-4 respectively. V/Cr ratio below 2.0 is indicative of sediment deposition in an oxic environment. The weight percentage of the total organic carbon of the samples ranged from 0.076 0.585 wt. %; this low values are indicative of poor to fair source rock potential. The kerogen extracts from Samples 1 through to 3 were interpreted as Type IV kerogen, while the extracts from Sample-4 were classified as Type III kerogen. The results of this study show that the shales of the Ewekoro Formation of the Benin Basin have poor to fair source rock potential. The constituent Type IV kerogen of Samples 1 3 are incapable of generating oil or gas, while the Type III kerogen of Sample-4 can generate gas and little oil.


The alloys with various Mo content TiMox(x=0.03,0.13,0.25,0.50,1.00,atomic ratio) were prepared with electromagnetic levitation technique.The alloys after activation reacted rapidly with H-D gas mixture(D%=50%),the composition of the mixture in equilibrium of isotope exchange was determined using a mass-spectroscopy.H-D separation factor α(H-D) was defined as()s/()g,in which s refers to the atomic ratio of D and H in solid phase,and g refers to the atomic ratio of D and H in gas phase.The results showed that at 20 ℃,x=0.03-1.00,α(H-D) 1.00,D prefered to stay at solid phase,and the preference becomed stronger as the Mo content increases,with α(H-D) rising from 1.04 to 1.27.α(H-D) kept nearly unvaried when x=0.50-1.00.α(H-D)≈1.00 when x=0.03,namely TiMo0.03 hydride showed zero effect,through previous TG-DSC analysis results,the hydride contains TiH2 with negative effect,and Ti-Mo hydrides with positive effect,so it is the total effect of the two hydrides with oppositive effect.From the relationship between the Mo content and α(H-D),H atom prefers to take 4Ti tetrahedral interstice,whereas D atom tends to take 3Ti1Mo position in which the energy level is higher than that of 4Ti position.


A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, presenting as both a mild acute respiratory viral infection and a severe form, with damage to various organs and systems. In children under 16 years of age infected with SARS-CoV-2, the vast majority of cases were mild, without marked neurological manifestations.This paper describes a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a five-year-old child associated with SARS-CoV-2, which caused difficulties in the differential diagnosis with demyelinating diseases and hereditary pathology. The disease was diagnosed in a family where both parentswere diagnosedwith COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The CNSlesionwasrepresented by severe central hemiparesis, involvement of some cranial nerves, with impaired pelvic organ function. During the treatment there was a positive dynamicsin the somatic and neurologicalstatus. The patient was discharged for outpatient treatment with satisfactory rehabilitation potential.SARS-CoV-2 lesions of the nervous system in children can lead to life-threatening and fatal conditions. Timely diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to the management of a child with encephalomyelitis made it possible to avoid adverse effects of the disease and improve the rehabilitation prognosis.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pH on properties and stability of oil-in-water emulsions using pectin as an emulsifier and zein as an auxillary emulsifier. Primary emulsions were prepared by mixing rice bran oil with anionic polysaccharide, pectin, at pH 4 or 7. Zein solution was then added in order to prepare secondary emulsions. Final concentration of secondary emulsions was 20% (w/w) rice bran oil, 2% (w/w) pectin and 0.5% (w/w) zein. The results demonstrated that emulsions prepared at pH 4 were smaller in size, higher viscosity, and more stable after stability test than those prepared at pH 7. Light microscopic images showed that, at pH 7, emulsion droplets were aggregated. At pH 7, both pectin and zein represented as negative charge and no complex was formed, leading to the less stable emulsions. Below the isoelectric point (pH 5.5) of zein, i.e. at pH 4, zein molecules represented as positive charge and pectin represented as negative charge, resulting in a light cross-linking polymer network. It is possible that a low concentration of zein helps to stabilize the emulsions by improving the rigidity of coated layer on oil droplets, thus reducing the depletion flocculation to occur. The stabilizing effect in presence of zein, at pH 4, is attributed to a pectinzein complex formation at the interface.


Since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, there have been thousands of articles on the use of metaphor to describe the crisis. A Google search yields more than 7000 hits. Indeed, an avalanche of metaphors has already been used to describe the Covid-19 pandemic. From war and oceanic metaphors to the dreaded phrase 'ramping up', the language and images used by politicians, journalists, scientific experts, commentators, artists, comedians, and meme-makers to understand the crisis are not neutral constructs. But far more disappointing than the use of inappropriate or politically incorrect metaphors is the fact that there is no single scholarly article that systematically studies the influence of the pandemic on cognition, especially metaphorical conceptualization. That is, how has the coronavirus pandemic changed the meaning of home, love, Halloween, social media platforms, and so on for us? Technically speaking, how has the crisis triggered, prompted, or simply facilitated the selection and employment of particular conceptual metaphors or their linguistic and non-linguistic manifestations? This article, based on a large-scale corpus of political cartoons, aims to answer that question – how the pandemic itself becomes a metaphor. I show that various different metaphor targets (including WAR, ISRAEL, TURKEY, DONALD TRUMP, BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, ARAB DICTATORS, THE KUWAITI NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, THE JORDANIAN CABINET, THE IRANIAN REGIME, MILITANT GROUPS, POVERTY, RACISM, CALENDAR, CORRUPTION, INJUSTICE, RUMORS, POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS, THE GLOBE, THE UNION JACK, THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE US FAR RIGHT, THE 50 STARS OF THE AMERCAN FLAG, US-RUSSIAN RELATIONS, HOUSEWIVES, PERSONAL BELONGINGS, LOVE, QURBAN BAYRAM, CHRISTMAS, HALLOWEEN, ARABIC DRAMA, SCHOOL BAG, AWARENESS, and SOCIAL MEDIA COMPANIES such as Facebook, among many others) are all explained with reference to coronavirus-related terms or the source domain of CORONAVIRUS/VACCINATION. The sheer frequency of occurrences of CORONAVIRUS metaphors (a total of 175 out of 497 relevant multimodal cartoons, that is, more than 35%) demonstrates and makes a case for the necessity to examine the effect of context, in particular topical news and physical circumstances, in the cognitive linguistic study of creative metaphor. In short, the results provide initial evidence that new viruses and diseases such as Covid-19 have a negative and significant effect on cognition (or shape societies' worldviews).


The comment data of e-commerce platform is an important basis for consumers and marketers to make decisions. With the development of platform related technologies, the scale of image comment data shows an increasing trend with stronger information expression ability. At present, the research on the related technology of comment image and comment text is relatively mature, and how to effectively integrate the image part and text part is the focus of image-text comment data research. This paper proposes an e-commerce image-text comment mining model based on depth feature fusion. According to different stages, the model is mainly divided into four stages: image-text comment data acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction and feature fusion. The e-commerce image-text comment data set is constructed through the data acquisition and pre-processing. In the feature extraction and fusion stage, the graphic information fusion is realized by designing the structure of deep neural network model. The fused features are applied to downstream mining tasks. Finally, the experiment on the data set shows that the classification accuracy of the model is higher than that of single text or single image, which shows that the model can effectively improve the mining effect of image-text comments.


Individual Performance Management in Higher Education Institutions Higher education institutions in Europe are undergoing a process of reform. Performance Management has been a core theme in this reform process in higher education institutions. This article looks at the meaning of Performance Management as a HRM instrument in higher education institutions. The purpose of our research is to investigate to what extent and why a faculty of a higher education institution in Flanders implemented individual performance management (IPM). We present a detailed in-case study where we examine whether a faculty in a higher education institution uses some form of role definition, goal setting, developmental goal setting, monitoring, evaluation and/or appraisal in order to manage individual performance. Finally, we investigate if the actual implementation of these IPM activities are influenced by factors addressed by the rationales of adoption from a Resource Based View and a NeoInstitutional approach. Individual Performance Management in Higher Education Institutions 1. Why this article? The genesis of our argument Higher Education is undergoing considerable change. These changes are in response to a multiplicity of factors: the development of information and communication technologies, globalisation, internationalisation and regionalisation, an advancing network society (e.g. rise of consortia, strategic alliances, etc.), an advancing knowledge society, socio-cultural trends, demographical trends and the marketization in higher education, including the changing roles of governments (Farnham, 1999; de Boer et al, 2002; Sporn, 1999; Gumport, 2000). 'Marketization' within universities and colleges is a prominent feature of the contemporary wave of accountability. Higher education organizations are being asked to solve problems of costs, quality, effectiveness, and access. Responsiveness to society has become a key element in assessing the quality and the raison d'etre of higher education institutions. Furthermore, the daily routine of the academic world is undergoing continuous change. New expectations about academic employment are influencing academic workload, job tenure, salary, career and promotion considerations, and creating challenges for faculty (Mackay, 1995, OECD 1995, 2006). More than ever, higher education institutions are asked to justify themselves, their objectives, and methods of attaining these objectives, the allocation of their resources, priorities and responsibilities to society. Students, businesses, industry and the public want to see evidence of the efficiency and effectiveness of these institutions (Gillie, 1999). Higher education institutions must be able to demonstrate their value to be able to continue the competition for funding and to gain the support of their customers. Consequently, the quality of academic staff and how they are trained, recruited, rewarded, utilized and motivated are crucial to the effectiveness of a higher education institution. These demands for increased accountability, efficiency and effectiveness keep enhancing the pressure on the adoption of performance management in higher education (Lapsley and Mitchel, 1996). Demands for management reform, including mandates to apply business-like strategies, are evident in higher education across a wide range of national systems and institutions throughout Europe and the United States (Sporn, 1999). On the one hand, we see that higher education traditionally has refused to adopt modern management and planning techniques. On the other hand, an increasing number of educational leaders are now exhibiting awareness that the status quo is no longer a viable option for higher education (Alexander, 2000). Those who run higher education institutions are expected to ensure that such value is provided and their role as academic leaders is being subsumed by a greater concern with the management of finance, staff, students, teaching and research (Deem, 1998). This leads us to the conclusion that higher education institutions are facing an unstable and confusing environment and that they are under pressures to manage their most expensive and important internal resources: their staff. The Performance Movement Not only higher education institutions, but the entire public sector has undergone several organizational reforms. The introduction of the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm in the early 1980's with its clear emphasis on effectiveness, efficiency and accountability is often located at the offspring of these changes (Hood, 1991; Pollit, 1993; Osborne & Gaebler, 1993; Ferlie et al, 1996; Christensen & Laegreid, 2001). NPM introduced market and quasi-market mechanisms, the separation of purchasing and providing functions linked via contract, and attention is focused on outputs and performance rather than on inputs. Accountability is emphasized via the measurement of outputs and the creation of performance indicators (Hood, 1991, 1995; Lapsley, 1999; Townley, 2001). In addition, NPM refers to the adoption of private management tools in order to become more market oriented and able to compete for clients, funding and prestige, and to meet the growing pressure to cut costs (Scharitzer & Korunka, 2000; Christensen & Laegreid, 2001). Responding to increasing demands for performance and performance documentation, performance management has become a key component of the New Public Management reform (Osborne & Gaebler 1993; Hood 1995; Pollitt 1993; Hoggett 1996) and includes techniques from Human Resource Management (HRM), and Management Control & Accounting Systems (Butterfield et al, 2004; Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2000). The common goal is holding governments and publicand social profit organizations accountable for outcomes (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2000). Reform of the public sector has been a major focus of researchers and performance management has played a central role in modernizing the public sector reform. Much of this research has been driven from the management accounting and public administration perspective rather than the HRM perspective. Performance based practices in public sector that are examined in literature are focussing on the allocation of resources, changing work processes and increasing efficiency, the formulation and monitoring of licensed or contracted privatized services and strategic planning and rewarding staff and performance pay (Van Dooren, 2006). Although the issue of performance is well known at the organizational and the individual level, most studies forget the mediating role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the performance management process. To some extent, this can be explained by the limited relevance of HRM topics in public management reforms, particularly in the first decade of public management reforms (Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2000). Nevertheless, during the past two decades scholars have witnessed that OECD governments initiated bold public management reforms and that Human Resource Management (HRM) has been the key area of these reforms (Shim, 2001; OECD, 2002). Performance management: not only about numbers There is no element within the performance management process that is more important than the reliance on numbers and quantitative presentation of accomplishments. Our argument is that this is not the only way to think about these issues. This study argues that Performance Management refers on the one hand to outputs and outcomes but also states that performance is about doing the work as well as taking care about the results achieved. For this reason, we want to use a more comprehensive view of performance management. This implicates that when managing the performance of teams and individuals in organizations, both inputs (behaviour) and outputs (results) need to be considered and managed. We find these issues in the literature and research of Strategic Human Resource Management. A key feature of New Public Management style HRM is the focus on individual performance in all aspects of personnel management, primarily through such NPM instruments as individual contracting and "pay for performance". Individual Performance Management (IPM) is generally a small part of a broader 'plan' that encompasses strategic goals and objectives for the division or organization. The existence of a seamless link between wider organizational objectives and individual performance is a key assumption that underlies a systems approach to performance management (Osborne & Gaebler, 1993; Hood, 1991, 1995; Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2000; Behn, 1995; Wholey and Hatry, 1992). In HRM, key practices for the so called "Individual Performance Management system" (IPM) include a clear job description; linking individual to organizational goals through clear performance expectations, formulated in observable and measurable terms; the planning of individual training and competency development; coaching practices; and regular performance evaluation and appraisal (Graham, 2004; Armstrong, 2004). The monitoring and evaluation of individual performances takes place on a regular basis, and fits in a general approach of regular communication with the employees. Why should an organization use IPM? Scholars indicate this as the 'promise of performance' and assume that individuals or groups are held accountable for their behaviour and results with a general aim to perform better. The claim is that organizations must learn that, through the effective management of their human resources, they can develop core competencies, and improve the flexibility and innovativeness of their operations (Locke & Latham, 1980; Bolton 2003; Forsythe 2001; Halachmi 2002; Ingraham, Selden, & Moynihan 2000; Roberts 1997). The adoption of IPM by higher education institutions has been modest at best, perhaps even low (OECD, 1998).


Introduction: Resistance of susceptible individuals to certain infectious agents can be artificially achieved by active or passive immunization. Purpose of the paper: what is immunization, what kinds of immunization are there, what is a vaccine, what are the benefits of vaccination. Methods and materials: data from compulsory immunization coverage reports in the Municipality of Kocani from the Center for Public Health in the Municipality of Kocani and the Institute of Public Health in Skopje, for the City of Kocani and the surrounding villages, for the period 2015-2019.Results and Discussion: The percentage of immunization from infectious diseases is high and has been consistently over 95% in children under one year of age.: Immunization has been successful in Kocani municipality for the past five years and has a higher percentage of vaccinated compared to In 2018 in the municipality of Kocani the vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae type B covers the entire planned population, ie it has 100% coverage. Conclusion: To increase coverage, vaccination services should be engaged in finding unregistered, unvaccinated and incomplete vaccinated persons, as well as persons who migrate more frequently to and from the country


Short, amphiphilic peptides self‐assemble into vesicles due to dimerization. These additional interactions lead to the formation of stable peptide membranes. The vesicles demonstrate pH responsiveness and the ability to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties within their structure, and therefore may be used as an advanced, biodegradable, drug‐delivery system.


Objective
To compare the MRP8/14 level in Normal people, benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patient and prostate cancer patient, and explore the relationgship between MRP8/14 and prostate cancer.

Methods
150 cases of normal people, 150 cases of BPH patients and 150 cases of prostate cancer patients were chose from December 2012 to December 2014 in our hospital. ELISA method was used to detect the MRP8/14 level in each group. ROC cure was used to analyse the prediction value of MRP8/14 for prostate cancer. According to the cut off value of MRP8/14, prostate cancer patients were divided into MRP8/14 low value group (MRP8/14<cut off value) and MRP8/14 high value group (MRP8/14≥cut off value), and the difference of patient's clinical characteristics and survival function between high value group and low value group were explored.

Results
The MRP8/14 level of normal people was (966.7±152.8)ng/ml, while the BPH patient was (1 207.0±190.6)ng/ml, and the prostate cancer patient was (2 833.3±1 101.5)ng/ml, the difference is statistically significant. ROC analysis resμlt showed that the AUC for the prediction of prostate cancer was 0.887(95%CI 0.841-0.934), with a high statistical significance, indicating that MRP8/14 may possess high prediction value for prostate cancer. In addition, the cut off value was 2 845.682 ng/ml, with the specifity of 76.4% and sensitivity of 85.1%. According to the cut off value of MRP8/14, prostate cancer patients were divided into the low MRP8/14 group ( 2 and tumour stage>Ⅲ were much more in MRP8/14 high value group. PSA level, LDH level, AKP level, CRP level and Alkaline Phosphatase level were also significantly increased in MRP8/14 high value group. Besides, prostate cancer patient with an average follow-up of 2 years, a total of 32 cases of patients died, 12 cases in the MRP8/14 low value group with mortality of 13.6%, 20 cases in MRP8/14 high value group with mortality of 32.3%. Kaplan Meier survival function curve shows 2 years survival rate of patients in high value group was significantly reduced. Cox regression analysis showed that MRP8/14 was possible risk factors associated with mortality, and the independent predictors for all-cause mortality during follow-up.

Conclusion
MRP8/14 was significantly increased in prostate cancer patients, and it was an independent predictor of 2-year mortality in prostate cancer patients.

Key words:
Myeloid-related protein 8/14; Prostate cancer; Prognostic; Clinical significance


Today, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) current limiters and transformers allow to limit the surge short circuit current during failure without negatively affecting on the power grid complex at the normal operation mode. However, the transition of a superconductor to a resistive state at the moment of current limitation can cause significant heat generation, which can destroy the transformer windings. The research goal is to provide optimal technical characteristics of the HTS transformer to achieve effective short circuit current limitation and prevent thermal breakdown of its windings. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of a HTS transformer was developed. The presented method considers the material type and geometry of the superconducting tape, the critical parameters of the superconductor (current and temperature), the parameters of the cryogenic liquid, dependence of the resistance and heat capacity of the HTS tape layers on temperature. The simulation model was created in the Matlab/Simulink software. The most important result is the possibility of obtaining optimal electrical and thermal parameters of the HTS transformer windings during the short circuit current limitation, as well as ensuring the thermal stability of the superconducting tape at the quench moment. The obtained results are significant in the design and operation of HTS transformers. For efficient and safe operation in the current-limiting mode, it is necessary to take into account heat generation on the transformer windings. It is important for the superconductor returning to the superconducting state without causing significant overheating of the windings.


Abstruct-The Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Massachusetts have been developing a synthetic aperture radiometer for microwave remote sensing of the earth. The radiometer measures the complex correlation of the voltage from pairs of antennas at many different baselines. Each baseline produces a sample point in the Fourier transform of the scene, and a map of the scene itself is obtained after all measurements have been made by inverting the transform. A substantial reduction can be obtained in this manner in the antenna collecting area required compared to a conventional imaging radiometer. An aircraft prototype to demonstrate this concept is being developed at L-band to measure soil moisture. The prototype is a hybrid which uses real aperture antennas to obtain resolution along-track (stick antennas) and employs aperture synthesis to obtain resolution acrosstrack. The prototype was flight-tested aboard the NASA P-3 in June 1988. During this flight a map was made of the Delmarva Peninsula south of NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. This initial map shows the major land/water features and compares very favorably with a Landsat image of the area, suggesting a bright outlook for the development of this technique in the future.


IT HAS LONG BEEN AXIOMATIC that as Spain rose or fell, in terms of wealth, morale, and power, so did her Empire. Nonetheless, some students of the Empire's history have recently questioned such a close correlation between the dynamics of mother country and colonies. The decline of Spain in the seventeenth century was not mirrored by developments in her colonies. Indeed, it has been postulated' that'there was no decline for the Empire as a whole in the seventeenth century, but simply a shift in the locus of its strength from Spain to her New World colonies.1 Furthermore, as the prosperity of the colonies rose in the seventeenth century and Spain gradually receded as a potent naval and maritime power, the colonials were forced to become increasingly self-reliant in the face of foreign threats. The colonies along the Pacific coast, isolated by geography from the vital Atlantic basin which supported Spain's primary connection with her American possessions, tended to be left to their own defensive devices, even more so than the Atlantic and Caribbean colonies. Metropolitan negligence and colonial growth contributed to the appearance of certain trends in regard to the defense of the


Abstract This article looks at architecture students' changes in approach to design learning between the first and fourth years of the architecture programme; charting the variation in the said approaches and exploring the reasons for the differences. The study, which aimed to use phenomenography to understand such approaches with the objective of exploring the variation from a qualitative perspective, was undertaken using a sample of 39 students in two colleges of architecture in India. The semi-structured interviews were carried out using phenomenography and focused on the students' approaches to learning the coursework of architectural design from the first year and fourth year using an architectural design project as the learning context. The study was conducted to chart the learning approaches that emerged and relate them to deep and surface approaches to learning. The study was carried out on the lines of earlier phenomenographic studies that aimed to understand the variation in the approaches to learning of fashion design students based in various institutions in the United Kingdom.


A smartphone-based evaluation media learning management system (S-LMS) is an application that supports teaching and learning activities and online evaluation. S-LMS media is the development of conventional evaluation media using smartphones and internet networks. The purpose of writing this article was to determine students' perceptions of the smartphone learning management system (S-LMS) based quiz in public high school students at Serang City. Through a qualitative descriptive method by providing questionnaires and interviews with students, the data were analyzed to obtain a description of the students' perceptions. Overall, 85.83% of students are interested in using S-LMS-based evaluations, in accordance with expectations as many as 82.78% of students are able to understand the material discussed because of the discussion in each quiz. In addition to this, students were actively involved in participating in evaluation and learning, as many as 86.94% of students were happy and followed carefully every evaluation activities.


In seismic data processing it is of paramount importance to correctly estimate the seismic wavelet, particularly its phase, from the seismic traces. In this work we present a novel technique based on the minimization of the 11 norm of the deconvolved data to estimate the phase of the wavelet when only seismic data is available. Starting from the classical convolutional model of the seismic traces, the proposed technique is based in two hypotheses: (1) the wavelet phase can be adequately approximated by a constant value; and (2) the series of reflection coefficients, which represent the changes in the acoustic impedance at the geological interfaces, is non-Gaussian and/or sparse. Under these hypotheses, the (blind) deconvolution is viewed as an inverse problem regularized by the 11 norm. The optimum wavelet phase is then obtained by selecting the constant phase rotation that leads to the deconvolved trace with minimum 11 norm. We test the proposed method on synthetic and field data. In addition, we compare the results against those obtained by the method based on the kurtosis maximization of the seismic data, a conventional technique commonly used in the industry. The results show that the proposed technique is more accurate and reliable than the kurtosis-based approach, which presents, as it is well-known, certain limitations when the effective data bandwidth is poor or when the non-gaussianity hyphotesis is not fully satisfied.


The purpose of this research is to explain why the Korean population is still growing despite a very low fertility level and a changing age structure in Korea. To analyze the impact of age structure on the future population growth, population pyramids and estimations of population momentum are used. Population momentum then is further decomposed into stable and nonstable momentums. Decomposition allows the impact of low fertility on future population growth to be analyzed in two steps. We conclude that the history of high fertility has accumulated positive momentum and this momentum is still in effect for continuous population growth. In addition, this research provides a reason why population policy needs to be planned in a longer timeframe.


Background and Aims: The literature concerning impending energy insecurity, food prices and climate change is growing rapidly. These problems reflect manifestations of "limits to growth", including climate change, though what is "limited" in this case is not carbon emissions, but the capacity of Earth to absorb waste gases without great harm to the climate, ecology and, ultimately, civilisation (hence health). Limits to growth interact. For example rising energy prices lift fertiliser costs and divert agricultural capacity from food to fuel. Climate change impairs crop yields and harms nutrition synergistically in other ways such as by reducing water quality. Collectively, the diverse phenomena of "limits to growth" will place increasing and eventually immense strain on the capacity of global public health services to maintain global life expectancy, especially given the background of rising population size. Methods: A limited literature search was conducted in health journals (using PubMed, Google Scholar and specific journals) searching for the following terms: "peak oil", "energy scarcity", "limits to growth", "ecological footprint", "global environmental change", "peak health", "peak phosphorus" and "civilisation collapse". The term "climate change" was excluded because the research question studied here is broader. Results: Within the broader medical and public health literature there is a limited awareness of peak oil, however papers are mainly restricted to or in response to one research group. In the epidemiological literature, including environmental epidemiology, these topics are scarcely mentioned, apart from several articles in the mid 1990s. Conclusions: Rising energy prices and other manifestations of limits to growth are important environmental determinants of health. Environmental epidemiologists need to urgently consider these dimensions, and to embrace interdisciplinary approaches to consider how to prevent what Homer-Dixon calls "synchronous failure". References:


While the literature provides some reflection on the relation between Project Management and New Product Development (NPD), there are still doubts on how these practices can be integrated. This study made a contribution on how a metalworking company should integrate Project Management with their established NPD process. Additionally, a proposal about how the company should integrate the Subproject with the Global Project is made. Two main concerns guided the development of this work: the integrated project management process should be useful and easy to use. Therefore, only six main project management practices are proposed: project charter, initial project plan, progress reports, updated plan, open point list and lessons learned.


The conservation project for the Bremen Cog of 1380 took 38 years from salvage to presentation of the ship to the public in the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum in 2000. The ship was salvaged from the River Weser in about 2000 pieces, and stored in water tanks. A new museum was built, and the Cog reassembled from the waterlogged timbers. The ship was reconstructed with most of the weight being taken by the ceiling of the hall via a steel‐rod hanging system. Then a conservation tank was built around the hull, and a novel two‐step PEG‐treatment applied, especially developed for the Cog. In two consecutive baths PEG 200 and PEG 3000 stabilized lesser degraded and heavily degraded wood against shrinkage, splitting, and warping. After cleaning, the wood looks dark brown, dry, and natural. The extraordinary project is regarded a success.


Carried on to apply fertilizer and harvest time to Clerodendranthus spicatus the initial on trial research that ursolic acid content affect, experimenting the result enunciation: The results expects the influence to Clerodendranthus spicatus in ursolic acid content to attain 5% to show the difference level of singnificance, ursolic acid content of the 75 d results shows the high harvest in the 120 d of. But 3 kinds of apply fertilizer the mode to Clerodendranthus spicatus ursolic acid content of influence did not reach to show the difference of singnificance


Various methods have been proposed for multi-response quality loss functions as an extension of the quality loss function for a single characteristic given by Taguchi. Multivariate responses are assumed to follow a multivariate normal distribution. When one of the characteristics is transformed using a reciprocal transformation the characteristic itself and the multivariate response do not remain normally distributed. In these circumstances, the basic assumption of a multivariate normal distribution does not hold. Moreover, the reciprocal transformation has several issues such as inconsistency in the methodologies among the three characteristics, incomparable results, and inappropriate change of parameter unit. The multi-response quality loss function also requires the reciprocal transformation for larger-the-better characteristics. This paper proposes a simple linear transformation for a bivariate response which combines the larger-the-better characteristic with any of the characteristics. This enables a...