Using a Zeeman‐modulated cavity spectrometer with a 10 sec time constant and a phase locked klystron, we have observed in the products of a discharge‐flow system, Zeeman components of the six allowed zero‐field lines at 65 070±2, 65 082±2, 65 098±2, 65 373±2, 65 397±2, and 65 401±2 MHz, and of one forbidden zero‐field line at 65 369±4 MHz. The Q of the Fabry–Perot cavity is about 10 000, and the magnetic field was swept from 0–30 G. Chemical tests indicate that the observed lines are due to HO2. They have been assigned and least‐squares fitted using a simple theoretical model to yield a value of 65 185±2 MHz for the 101–000 asymmetric rotor transition frequency of HO2, a value of −208±2 MHz for the linear combination (ebb+ecc)/2 of elements of the electron spin–molecular rotation interaction tensor, a value of −28±2 MHz for the nuclear spin–electron spin Fermi contact interaction parameter σ, and a value of +4±2 MHz for the spin–spin tensor interaction parameter λ. These constants are in excellent agreeme...


: The red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae, Nietner is considered to be one of the major pest of tea in North East India which leads to considerable loss of crop yield. Considering ill effects of chemical pesticides on human health and environment it is essential for exploration of biological solution to solve the problem of tea red spider mite. Entomopathogenic fungi are a group of fungal organisms associated with insects and extensively used in various parts of the world as biopesticides against economic important insect pests. The present study is intended to find potential indigenous entomopathogenic fungi from highly diverse tea growing area and further to develop as a biocontrol agent. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from Tea growing soil by using Insect Bait technique. Further, from the isolated entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae was selected for its wide availability and prior knowledge as the natural enemies of a number of different pests. In this study, laboratory evaluation was made on the impact of the entomopathogenic biocontrol agent Metarhizium anisopliae on various stages of red spider mite. In the pathogenicity experiments, Oligonychus coffeae were exposed to fungal spore concentrations (10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 , and 10 9 spores/ml). The isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae shows higher degree of virulence against tea red spider mite. The total mortality percentage of red spider mite caused by Metarhizium anisopliae ranged from 60% to nearly 90% in all the stages within 2 to 3 days. After the application of Metarhizium anisopliae spore suspension, the highest percentage of egg 90.4%, nymph 92% and adult 90% mortality was recorded within 2-2.6days at the spore load of 10 8 spores/ml. Dose dependent variability also observed in the mortality of Oligonychus coffeae. Metarhizium anisopliae spore load 10 8 has detrimental effects on mortality of Oligonychus coffeae. The laboratory findings confirms the biocontrol properties of the tarhizium anisopliae against all stages of tea red spider mite and suggested the feasibility for effective biocontrol of the pest in Tea crop. The Metarhizium anisopliae considered to be a most valuable biocontrol agent in the tea growing region of North East India. FTIR studies show the position of the hydroxyl group and carbonyl (C=O) groups play important roles in insecticidal activity of Metarhizium anisopliae The FTIR studies show the position of the hydroxyl group and carbonyl (C=O) groups which may play an important roles in the insecticidal of the Metarhizium anisopliae Studies on the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against the phytophagous mite under laboratory conditions showed high per cent mortality of mites. The results obtained in the present study are comparable with findings of other researches using fungal pathogens against mite pests. Per cent mycosis of mites due to entomopathogenic fungi under laboratory condition revealed higher mortality (90%) in M. anisopliae treatment which was at par with the findings of other workers.


Attenuation of a surface wave is studied experimentally in an unmagnetized cylindrical plasma column sustained by the wave itself. The losses connected with the plasma creation are negligible and the wave propagation is described by the relations for the linear regime. It is shown that a simple theory of collisional attenuation, obtained by extension of the collisionless theory to the case of few collisions, predicts very well the dependence of the attenuation on the electron density, the electron collision frequency, and the geometry of the plasma column.


We revisit the relation between ancestral distance and barriers to the diffusion of development using a new genomic dataset on human microsatellite variation. With these new data we find a statistically and economic significant effect of ancestral distance from the technological frontier on income per capita, controlling for geographic factors, climatic differences, continental fixed effects and genetic diversity within populations. The historical pattern of the effect is hump shaped, peaking between 1870 and 1913, and declining steeply afterwards. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ancestral distance acts as a temporary barrier to the diffusion of innovations and development.


A modern and expanding civilization now takes for granted that future environments will be clean, efficient, and carbon neutral. Energy-efficient electrical loads, such as v ehicle charging now often u sed in schools, companies, and gated communities. Recent articles have focused more on Swarm smart grid technology as a way to transmit power from rooftop solar installations. A major issue with the system is the necessity for inverters and other conversio n equipment. The mechanism consumes part of the power generated by this process. It is possible to utilize the DC supply to power the v ehicle chargers in smart houses, although some tweaks may be necessary. The charging Vehicle is a common task that can sh are by different converter by swarm network. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a swam nano grid t o interconnect buildings inside a campus or other large business or residential complex, as well as within a gated community. The electricity gr id is monitored by the swam nano grid system, which eliminates the need for costly equipment. The DC - DC converter was being controlled directly by the simple logic controller. M ATLAB Simulink simulates the controlled converter under load and shows the performance of a bidirectional DC-DC converter using waveforms.


An artificial neural network model based on dendritic computation using two lattice metrics is introduced in this paper. A description of the mathematical framework of the proposed model is provided and its corresponding learning algorithm is presented in mathematical pseudocode. Computational experiments are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the learning algorithm as well as its application to some illustrative pattern recognition problems.


The particle and droplet sizes of vinyl acetate-ethylene(VAE) polymer latices containing protective colloids and the relationship between them in a two-fluid spray dryer were studied in this paper.Effects of the mass flow ratio of the compressed air to liquid feed(ALR),inlet air temperature,inlet air flow rate and viscosity of VAE polymer latices on the particle sizes were investigated.Droplet sizes,particle sizes and surface morphologies were characterized by means of Laser Doppler Dynamic Analyzer,Laser Particle Size Analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscopy,respectively.It was demonstrated that the mean sizes of the spray-dried particles are almost irrelevant to both the inlet air temperature in the ranges of 120~145℃ and the inlet air flow rate in the range of 220~302.5 m3 h 1.However,the mean sizes of the spray-dried particles decrease with the increase in ALR in the range of 1~16 and have linear relation to the mean sizes of the droplets.Moreover,this relation is also suitable to the relationship between the mean sizes of the spray-dried particles and that of the droplets derived from the VAE polymer latices with the viscosities of 2~140 mPa s without changes in other operational variables.


The detailed design of the forward and aft sumps, the accessory drive system, the lubrication system, and the piping/manifold configuration to be employed in the ICLS engine test of the Energy Efficient Engine is addressed in the report. The design goals for the above components were established based on the requirements of the test cell engine.


We present a joint phase estimation and decoding method for convolutional turbo codes in the presence of strong phase noise. In order to overcome the problem of phase ambiguity and cycle slips, a combined state-space model for the time-varying phase and the component convolutional codes is introduced. The proposed algorithm uses a Gaussian sum approach to approximate the multimodal a posteriori probability density function (pdf) of the phase in a blind context. Monte-Carlo simulations for the turbo code used in the DVB-RCS standard show that the performances of the proposed scheme are close to decoding with perfect knowledge of the phase.


RMCHAIR QUARTERBACKS don't usually have to prove themselves, but we did. We made the mistake of saying to a college football coach that we couldn't understand how quarterbacks could make so many wrong decisions when choosing their receiver. We assumed that after long hours of practice and years of experience, quarterbacks would have highly developed skills in recognizing the open receiver. A long and painful educational process followed. The coach eXplained that quarterbacks have few opportunities to train on the visual task that faces them each week during the game. We had assumed that each quarterback had thousands of training trials; the


In this paper, a decentralized PI controller design based on Characteristic Ratio Assignment (CRA) method for Two-Input-Two-Output (TITO) interacting processes is proposed. The design methodology uses decoupler to reduce the interaction between the variables, and the First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model is obtained for each decoupled subsystem. The independent diagonal controllers are computed for each reduced order FOPDT decoupled subsystem using CRA method. To verify the performance and stability of controllers two simulation examples are presented. To indicate the robustness of the controller the 20% uncertainty is added to the original system and controller performance is evaluated. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with prevalent controllers in the literature.


This paper analyzed the institution of a comprehensive transportation corridor and the relationships among the subsystems.This paper defined the division of a comprehensive transportation corridor system,discussed the relationship between the system and other factors,and studied the causality-feedback-loop between the comprehensive transportation corridor and social economy,technology development,and supply-demand cost.Based on this,the hierarchy of the transportation corridor system was analyzed from the views of cooperation and competition.


The rate of surface fogging on KDP crystals has been associated with several parameters in the diamond turning and subsequent cleaning process. Fogging can also occur during use because of environmental degradation. We have determined that reaction of the KDP surfaces with additives in the diamond turning oil has been a major factor in fogging and have found a replacement oil that eliminates this effect. We have also developed an antireflective silicone- sol coating that also reduces surface environmental deterioration during use by a factor of four.


DOPAMINE AGONISTS CAUSE BALDING IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE In a report published in the March 11th issue of Neurology, researchers claim that dopamine-induced alopecia (baldness) can be reversed with the discontinuation of treatment. The case study, led by Alessandro Di Rocco, MD, of the Beth Israel Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, consisted of two female patients, both in their 60s, who suffered from Parkinson's disease (PD). They had been treated with dopamine agonists (pramipexole and roprinirole) and had begun to lose hair. When the medication was halted and the patients administered new treatment, hair loss also stopped and some hair grew back. Less than 2 months after the first patient had begun pramipexole treatment, she had noticed hair loss. However, no itching, scaling, or pigmentation change were associated with the hair loss. The dermatologist to whom she had been referred found no cause for the alopecia. Consequently, the woman was subjected to a full medical workup (serum chemistry, blood count, thyroid function tests, etc.). All results were negative. Her doctors then ceased pramipexole treatment and replaced it with ropinirole. After 2 weeks of administration, hair loss had stopped; after 1 month of administration, the patient had noticed renewed hair growth. The alopecia has not relapsed. Two years after beginning PD treatment with selegiline and amantadine, the second patient had pramipexole added to her regimen. One year later, the woman observed hair loss, hair shedding, and thinning. As in the first case, all medical tests returned negative. The pramipexole dose was lowered but the alopecia did not stop. Then the drug was replaced with ropinirole, but, unlike the first patient, the alopecia continued. Therefore, ropinirole treatment was discontinued. She was given carbidopa/levodopa and the hair loss ceased within the first week. Some of the patient's hair regrew in the following 6 months, but there was no full reversal of hair growth. The researchers noted a definite link between pramipexole and balding, but why ropinirole exacerbated hair loss in one patient and not the other is unknown. Since both individuals were treated with amantadine prior to the dopamine agonists, Di Rocco and colleagues posit a possible adverse interaction between the drugs. Furthermore, the underlying causality of dopamine-induced balding is still unclear. It is clear that by preventing this side effect, doctors can improve the quality of life for patients with PD. Q3S


The particle size of absorbents is critical to the electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorptions. A tunable particle size and related properties is still a challenge for the study of microwave absorption materials. Here, micron carbon spheres (MCs) with tunable particle size were designed and prepared to study the size effects. The ε' decreases from 17.88 to 12.21 at 8.2 GHz as the mean size increases from 1.29 to 1.75 μm, and the ε'' is positively related to D -1 (diameter) in accordance with the electron mean free path theory. An increasing percolation threshold with increasing particle size is observed from DC conductive analysis. An excellent microwave absorption is obtained from the synergistic effect of polarization loss and conductive loss corresponding DC conductivity of around 0.02 S/m. The strongest microwave absorption with the reflection loss ( RL ) of -71.9 dB at 9.3 GHz is achieved with a thickness as a thin as 1.97mm (filled with 35wt% MCs). The RL min of paraffin-based composites loaded with 25wt% MCs with the mean size of 1.29 and 1.48 μm reaches -50.5 and -54.0 dB, at 9.4 and 10.6 GHz with a thickness of 2.14 and 1.9mm, respectively.


Chinese cultural psychology is highly abundant in creative foctors.They accord with the current theories about creativity and the results of contemporary researches,which shows that Chinese cultural psychology plays an important role in the cultivation of creativity,that Chinese cultural psychology is full of value for education.Therefore,in order to do education work well,much attention should be paid to tapping and making the best use of the role of Chinese cultural psychology.


■The great majority of interactions between the Witness Service volunteers and witnesses are brief (recorded as lasting for less than 30 minutes). About 12 per cent of witnesses take up the offer of a visit to the courtroom before the trial. Very few take up the offer of the presence of a volunteer in court, and about 5 per cent of witnesses are recorded as having been referred to another agency – usually within the criminal justice system – after the trial.


The calculation of image contrast of 1−5 keV electrons by Monte Carlo simulations needs extended scattering models. Mott-scattering cross-sections are essential for the elastic scattering. A comparison of methods using approximations and fitting parameters for Mott cross-sections shows that exact differential cross-sections should be preferred. Inelastic scattering and energy losses along the electron trajectories can be considered by a modified Bethe formula for the stopping power. However, detailed electron energy-loss spectra (EELS) are needed for the consideration of straggling and the calculation of the energy spectra of backscattered and transmitted electrons, for example


Today, there are problems of increasing economic, social, and financial stability and environmental protection (security) in Ukraine, and they are extremely relevant and important. They necessitate the solution of complex tasks aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of communities by means of effective state policy. The article summarizes and develops an approach to the realization of the national interests of Ukraine in the context of the continuous development of communities. It has received international recognition and is thus a system of views on the movement of economies and communities as their consistent interaction with each other and with nature. Today, it is recognized as a valuable model of the future world civilization, which marks the latest state of social development and is recognized as post-industrial. The theory and practice of sustainable development is a reflection of the objective need for economic reorientation and all social development with urgent consideration of the preservation of natural and human opportunities for current and future generations. For Ukraine, especially in view of its integration policy, the introduction of the concept of sustainable development acquires not only scientific but also political relevance and is one of the significant aspects of improving the efficiency of municipal self-government and achieving the best results. Thus, among the criteria of sustainable development of regions, it is expedient to include the criteria of municipal self-government activities, which would contribute to the dynamic and sustainable development of municipal entities, but the basic and optimal level of implementation of ideas and national interests of sustainable development is the municipal level. Therefore, local authorities should ensure the sustainable development of communities, taking into account the principles of local self-government and creating conditions for the transfer of a minimum economic, ecological and social debt to future generations.


Polylla is a polygonal mesh algorithm that generates meshes with arbitrarily shaped polygons using the concept of terminal-edge regions. Until now, Polylla has been limited to 2D meshes, but in this work, we extend Polylla to 3D volumetric meshes. We present two versions of Polylla 3D. The first version generates terminal-edge regions, converts them into polyhedra, and repairs polyhedra that are joined by only an edge. This version differs from the original Polylla algorithm in that it does not have the same phases as the 2D version. In the second version, we define two new concepts: longest-face propagation path and terminal-face regions. We use these concepts to create an almost direct extension of the 2D Polylla mesh with the same three phases: label phase, traversal phase, and repair phase.


Simulation is a useful technique to provide an experimental test bed to compare alternate system designs, replacing the experiments on the physical system by experiments on its formal representation in a computer in terms of a simulation model. Simulation may thus be seen as a sampling experiment on the real system through its model. The reliability of this decision making process depends on the ability to produce a simulation model representing the system behavior closely enough for the purpose of using the model as a substitute of the actual system for experimental purposes. This reliability is established in terms of the calibration and validation of the model. Calibration to set up the right values of model parameters and validation to determine the quality of the model are established on basis to the comparison analysis between the observed output data from the actual system and the output data provided by the simulation experiments conducted with the computer model, usually cumbersome and time consuming tasks based. Random search techniques based on specific multi-step Monte Carlo procedures in which target values are specified for the output objective variables of interest (i.e. observed flows and speeds) and adjustment of parameter values by means of Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithms provide a support to assist the analysts in these tasks. This paper presents a calibration approach based on these concepts and the computational results from some case studies.


The utility model relates to a bore keyway milling head which is characterized by comprising a pulley I, a support and a mill support, wherein a tapered shaft is coaxially arranged on the pulley I, the mill support is connected with a ram of a boring miller by the support and consists of a pulley II, a sliding seat and a mandrel, the pulley II is connected with the mandrel, the sliding seat is connected with the support by a screw II, a bearing is arranged between the mandrel and the sliding seat, the mandrel is hollow, the inner diameter of the mandrel is matched with that of a milling cutter handle, a jackscrew is arranged at one side of the mandrel, and the pulley I and the pulley II are connected with each other by a triangular belt. The bore keyway milling head has the beneficial effects that firstly, the structure is simple, the installation is convenient and the manufacturing cost is lower; secondly, the milling head can be matched with a large boring miller, such as a T6920 boring miller and the like, for use, is arranged on a spindle of a ram of the T6920 boring miller and is transmitted by the pulleys so as to drive a milling cutter to finish the processing of a keyway; and thirdly, an end mill with a straight handle is clamped by the jackscrew, so that the milling head has the advantages that the structure is simple, the clamping force is large, and the like.


Background:Functional dyspepsia(FD) is a highly prevalent disorder.The need of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) eradication in H.pylori-positive FD patients is still controversial.Aims:To assess the effect of H.pylori eradication on H.pylori-positive FD patients.Methods:A total of 200 H.pylori-positive FD patients were randomly divided into treatment group(100 patients received ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg + amoxicillin 1000 mg + clarithromycin 250 mg,twice a day for 7 days) and control group(100 patients received hydrotalcite 1000 mg,thrice a day for 7 days).H.pylori eradication rate and FD symptoms were monitored after follow-up.Results:H.pylori eradication rate in treatment group was 87.5%(PP analysis) and 84.0%(ITT analysis),respectively,and was 0%in control group.The total efficacy rate of FD symptoms in H.pylori-eradicated patients was significantly higher than that in H.pylori-non-eradicated patients and control group(90.5%vs.41.7%and 45.9%,P0.01).Conclusions:Some FD patients with H.pylori infection may obtain long-term symptomatic relief by eradication of H.pylori,which supports that eradication of H.pylori is a clinical effective and worth popularizing treatment for some patients.


The key points and solutions to the implement of multi-disciplinary practical training are researched,being specific to the innovation practical curriculum on electromechanical devices and automatic system in automation lab in the education innovation base of Harbin Engineering University.It deeply analyses from the function of multi-disciplinary practical curriculum in whole teaching,the theory basis,the implement link,taking the advanced electromechanical devices and automatic system as experimental platform and implementing carrier.A detailed setting based on XY motion platform is provided in multi-disciplinary innovation practical curriculum.


Improved understanding of how depot‐specific adipose tissue mass predisposes to obesity‐related comorbidities could yield new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity as well as metabolic benefits of weight loss. We hypothesized that three‐dimensional (3D) contiguous "fat‐water" MR imaging (FWMRI) covering the majority of a whole‐body field of view (FOV) acquired at 3 Tesla (3T) and coupled with automated segmentation and quantification of amount, type, and distribution of adipose and lean soft tissue would show great promise in body composition methodology.


This record contains the slides and recording from the Electronic Thesis/Dissertation (ETD) Submission workshop that was given on October 27, 2016. The workshop is the result of a collaboration between Graduate Studies and KU Libraries.

Slides were updated in 2020 to reflect the addition of the Copyright for Dissertations and Theses resource (www.guides.lib.ku.edu/copyright/etd) that covers the following:

* Using previously-published papers as chapters

* Author copyrights

* Registering copyrights with the U.S. Copyright Office

* Embargoes


The relationship of the biasing condition and the self-heating effect of a multi-channel metallic oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) device was examined using various channel currents ranging from triode to saturation regimes. When temperature non-uniformity is generated due to transistor self-heating, the local thermal resistance is conventionally defined through the difference between the hottest local temperature and the backside temperature. It was found that the thermal resistance independence of the input power is only valid if we take into consideration the size and shape change of the heating body. We show in this paper the evolution of MOSFET self-heating through both direct thermoreflectance imaging observation and a three-dimensional analytical heat dissipation model of the device. The device thermal resistance obtained can change by a factor larger than 5 for different drain–source voltages. Even in the saturation regime, the thermal resistance of the transistor can change by 50% as a function of the bias.


From time immemorial the world has long experimented with and practiced various forms of governmental systems. In Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart a glaring political system, namely 'consensus democracy' stands out. But there are other political features around which consensus democracy would have been developed. Such socio- political features include Communitarianism, Umunna politics and the politics of Ohacracy/Ohakrasi, through egalitarian and equalitarian principles. The Western philosopher, Michael Walzer, may have had as his background for writing the socio-political systems of communitarianism, some ideas of colonialism and imperialism, autocracy and plutocracy, oligarchy and totalitarianism. This comparative study focused primarily on the common political system emphasized by both Achebe and Walzer. They have this preference for democracy, and some stark reasons for the rejection of anti-democratic forms of government, weaved through their basic presuppositions.


The influence of the surrounding air on the dynamics of fine granular material is becoming an increasingly topical area of research interest. While for large granular particles (diameter > 1 mm) the effect of the gas phase can usually be ignored, for smaller particles the ambient air can have a pronounced influence. One of the most striking examples of the effect of air was demonstrated in the experiments by Burtally et al. A bed of fine (110 micron) equal-sized bronze and glass spheres was found to segregate under vertical vibrations at atmospheric pressure. No significant segregation was observed under vacuum conditions.


With the rapid growth of the economy in China, minor enterprises have become an important part of the China's economy. However, as the world economy competition is becoming more and more intense, the pressure and challenges of the minor enterprises are increasing. Based on the analysis on the status and future prospects of logistics management in enterprises. In this paper, the status of logistics management in minor enterprises was discussed. The suitable logistics management system and internal management system were also explained in detail.


In many crosses of laboratory strains of Neurospora crassa, a large proportion of complete asci abort shortly after ascospore delimitation. The aborted asci contain eight small, degenerate, vacuolated ascospores. We use the term "bubble asci" to signify this special form of ascus abortion. The frequency of bubble asci was scored in 8- to 10-day-old perithecia from crosses between closely related strains and between unrelated strains. When two unrelated or distantly related strains are mated, fewer than 10% of asci abort, whereas up to 70% or more of the asci abort when inbred strains are mated to each other. We conclude that the degree of genetic relatedness of the two haploid parents determines whether abortion occurs. Progeny tests indicate that several genes are involved; the simplest interpretation is that they are weak deleterious recessives whose effects must be combined to produce a high frequency of bubble asci. No ascospores survive in the aborted asci. Therefore, bubble asci cannot distort allel...


Northern part of the vast bog system lying in the Sym-Dubches interfluve is investigated in the article. The vegetation of bogs of various types is described. Capacity of the peat deposit and its stratigraphy are described. Genesis of bogs, their age and speed of peat accumulation are revealed.


The invention discloses a method for adjusting and detecting tensile force of a guyed tower. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, inquiring the mass per unit length of a guy and the length of the whole guy through design data and establishing a relation curve of the tensile force of the guy of the guyed tower and the vibration frequency within a terrace surface of the guy according to a formula, wherein in the formula, T refers to the tensile force of the guy, m refers to the mass per unit length of the guy, L refers to the length of the guy and F1 refers to the natural vibration frequency within the first terrace surface of the guy; and secondly, the vibration frequency of the guy is tested on site, the corresponding tensile force value of the guy is queried by the relation curve of the tensile force of the guy and the vibration frequency within one terrace surface of the guy which is established in the first step, and then the tensile force value of the guy is adjusted so as to meet the required value of design. The method for detecting the tensile force of the guy is nondestructive, the related restriction of the existing detection method is overcome, and the tensile force of the guy of the guyed tower can be detected and adjusted on site quickly.


Isopropylidenation of 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-myo-inositol and its 3-O-tosyl- and 3-O-benzoyl derivatives with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of acid catalyst gave the corresponding 4,5- and 5,6-O-isopropylidene derivatives. Selective benzoylation of 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-4,5-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol with benzoyl chloride in pyridine gave mainly the 3-O-benzoate, whereas with benzoic anhydride the 6-O-benzoate. Several unaccessible blocked inositols were prepared by displacement reaction of the protected sulfonyl derivatives with sodium benzoate.


The present invention provides a data re-transmitting method comprising the steps of firstly, sending ascending transmission resource indication signaling by a sender, wherein, the ascending transmission resource indication signaling is provided with an ACK/NACK begin index domain; secondly, according to the ACK/NACK begin index domain and ascending index of the ascending transmission resource indication signaling, obtaining corresponding ACK/NACK information by a receiver; finally, performing data re-transmission according to the corresponding ACK/NACK information. The present invention also discloses a sender and a receiver of the device for ACK/NACK information indication and data re-transmission and a indication method of the ACK/NACK information. According to the present invention, by using the ascending transmission resource indication signaling provided with an ACK/NACK begin index domain, ACK/NACK information of ascending sub-frames corresponding to users can be obtained, therefore, time-frequency resources of the system can be saved.


This research is to find out how the use of E-Gov in planning through the village financial information system (Siskeudes) and the village information system (SID) in the Tanggulangin district, To find out how the use of E-Gov in financial management through the village financial information system (Siskeudes) and the Village information (SID) in the Tanggulangin district and to find out the level of financial transparency by using E-Gov through the village financial information system (Siskeudes) and village information system (SID) in the Tanggulangin district. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods. The informants in this study were the sub-district head, the head of the sub-district administration and the village treasurer. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. In this study, the triangulation used is source triangulation. Source triangulation means comparing by re-checking the degree of trust of an informant obtained through different sources. The village financial system (Siskeudes) and the village information system (SID) are applications of e-gov or e-government in the field of financial planning and management. The village financial management process is the entire activity that includes planning, budgeting, administration, accountability and supervision of village finances. All of these processes were initially carried out manually until the central government required the use of the village financial system (Siskeudes) and the village information system (SID). With these two systems that can be accessed online, village financial planning and management can be carried out better, because the financial management process becomes more timely, accurate and has a high level of transparency. The two systems (Siskeudes and SID) play an important role in financial management. The village financial information system (Siskeudes) is the center or heart of village financial management, while SID is a means for financial transparency to the community.


This paper presents a fragile watermarking algorithm in spatial domain to authenticate integrity of the video digital content. The watermark is a binary image and it has been replicated so that has the same size with frame size of the video. To increase security, before embedding, the watermark is encrypted by XOR-ing it with a random image. The random image is generated by using a chaos map, i.e Arnold Cat Map. The encrypted watermark is embedded by modifying pixel values of video frames. Some attacks has been done to the watermarked video. Experiment results show that the algorithm can detect and localize the modified region of video frames very well.


The hyperbolic position fixing of ships by the Decca navigation system utilizes groundwave propagation. But the hyperbolic pattern will be disturbed by an isolated island. The instantaneous phase velocity and the bearing error are calculated from the equiphase lines near the island. It is found numerically and experimentally that the hyperbolic pattern is bent towards the island that is situated on the baseline between the master station and the slave one.


The article makes suggestions for the improvement of administrative and administrative and delictual legislation in connection with the emergence of groups of juveniles suffering from dependence on the use of domestic gas.


The recent study of the Gospel and Epistles of John has aptly noted the extent to which Israel's Scriptures consistently inform the foundation upon which especially the Gospel was written. So pervasive is Scripture's influence on the Gospel that its narrated sequence of events is wedded to a series of Jewish festivals founded upon Scripture whose focus is the centre of Israel's faith and life that was the city of Jerusalem and its Temple. Therefore, the Gospel's thoroughgoing interest in Temple, festivals, and Scripture has fittingly attracted the attention of a steadily increasing number of scholars, whose work has shed important light on the literary and theological nature of both the Gospel and the Epistles. This chapter offers a brief description of some of the most important recent research that showcases latest developments in the study of Temple, festivals, and Scripture in the Gospel and Epistles of John.


The present invention claims fluoro- & iodo- containing aldehydes as ALDH substrates for use as diagnostic imaging agents or as therapeutic agents. The aldehydes are both directly and indirectly attached to an aromatic or a straight chain ring. ALDH activity was monitored either by the formation of acid-product or consumption of aldehyde substrates.


The design of the magnetic field configuration in the SPIDER and MITICA negative ion beam sources has evolved considerably during the past four years. This evolution was driven by three factors: 1) the experimental results of the large RF-driven ion sources at IPP, which have provided valuable indications on the optimal magnetic configurations for reliable RF plasma source operation and for large negative ion current extraction, 2) the comprehensive beam optics and heat load simulations, which showed that the magnetic field configuration in the accelerator is crucial for keeping the heat load due to electrons on the accelerator grids within tolerable limits, without compromising the optics of the negative ion beam in the foreseen operating scenarios, 3) the progress of the detailed mechanical design of the accelerator, which stimulated the evaluation of different solutions for the correction of beamlet deflections of various origin and for beamlet aiming. On this basis, new requirements and solution conce...


Discusses in detail the /spl alpha/-/spl beta/-/spl gamma/ filter which is a sampled data target tracker which can asymptotically track a constant acceleration target. The /spl alpha/-/spl beta/-/spl gamma/ filter is analyzed by determining the bounds on the /spl alpha/-/spl beta/-/spl gamma/ parameters for stability. A closed form equation for the mean square response of the system to white noise is derived to characterize its ability to filter noise.


Chazangcuo Cu-Pb-Zn deposit,hosted by the Linzizong Group volcanic rocks in the west of Gangdese metallogenic belt,is a copper polymetallic deposit discovered in recent years.So far,the genesis of the deposit is still lack of clear under-standing.The results of C,H,O,S,Pb isotopic analysis show that theδ13 CV-PDB values range from -5.60‰ to -2.40‰,δDV-SMOW values range from -111.00‰ to -68.00‰,andδ18 OV-SMOW values range from -8.65‰ to 0.27‰,indicating that the ore-forming fluid mainly derived from the magma hydrothermal in the early time,however,with the mineralization continu-ing,the proportion of atmospheric precipitation gradually turned larger.δ34 SCDT values range from 0.50‰ to 2.50‰ and pos-sess the distribution characteristics of tower,indicating that the sulfur isotope derived from the single magma source.Lead iso-tope ratios are relatively stable and have largeμvalues (more than 9.58),possessing the characteristics of the upper crust lead. The lead isotope characteristics are similar to the ore sulfides from the deposits in the north subzone of Gangdese metallogenic belt,but obviously different from the lead isotope characteristics of volcanic rocks of Dianzhong Formation.Therefore,the au-thors infer that the source of ore-forming materials mainly came from the magmatic source of the upper crust.Combining with the geological characteristics of Chazangcuo deposit,and contrasting the typical magmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposit at home and abroad,the authors think that it belongs to the typical magmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposit.


BACKGROUND
We aimed to identify profiles of ambivalence among individuals with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and tested whether profiles differed across various theoretically informed constructs: NSSI-related characteristics, cognitive (outcome expectancies, self-efficacy to resist NSSI), emotional (psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation), personality, and incentives to engage/not engage in NSSI.

METHODS
Individuals with a lifetime history of NSSI (n = 224) reported the extent to which they wanted to and did not want to engage in NSSI and completed well-validated measures of the constructs of interest.

RESULTS
Latent profile analysis indicated four ambivalence profiles (avoid: n = 39; moderately ambivalent: n = 85; highly ambivalent: n = 30; approach: n = 70). The profiles differed across a number of NSSI-related characteristics, cognitive, emotional, and incentive-related variables. Differences between the ambivalence profiles and the avoid/approach profiles varied across constructs. For example, the ambivalence and approach profiles were similar for NSSI-related outcome expectancies, but the ambivalence and avoidance profiles were similar for self-efficacy to resist NSSI.

CONCLUSION
Findings highlight variation between the desire to engage or not engage in NSSI that are consistent with the notion of ambivalence. Understanding these differences may allow for a more person-centered approach in treatment for NSSI.


Heterogeneous stakeholders with diverse interests and distributed decision making process add complexity and unpredictability in the large city logistics domain. This complexity demands well designed approach for policy analysis which cannot be achieved by traditional modeling techniques due to their restrictive hypothesis. Multi-agent modeling for city logistics policy analysis focuses on understanding urban freight movement not based either on buying-selling and supply-demand of commodities or aggregate totals of demand, but on importance of under what structures these forces play out, and how to measure these effects in order to determine effective policy measures for city logistics. Multi-agent system provides potential to meticulously replicate the urban freight movement by mapping complexity of domain, time and discipline simultaneously. Describing the domain naturally & flexibly and capturing its emergent behavior are other benefits of multi-agent modeling. Along with these potentials, some of the important challenges associated with developing multi-agent system for city logistics policy analysis such as describing different stakeholder roles, restricting the scale of the model, designing environment with all affecting factors, developing interaction mechanism and defining scope for the model are discussed. Introduction Regardless of its importance in city life, city logistics always got less concern in policy making (Van Duin and Quak 2007) (EU-Report) Frequent delivery, inefficient use of trucks, poor routing, improper/unauthorized (un)loading, high emission vehicles are primary reasons for poor accessibility, congestion, air and noise pollution in cities. Vehicle access restriction (size, time and Anand/van Duin/Tavasszy 1 emission), urban freight village, consolidation centers are some of the most tried policy measures and initiatives to solve these problems (Muñuzuri, Larrañeta et al. 2005). Although, there exist policy measures for city logistics process, field of city logistics policy making is still in its immature stage. This immaturity is directly connected with its methods used for policy making. The most widely used traditional modeling techniques are differential equations and statistical modeling. However, their uses are restrictive in many problems because of unrealistic assumptions they carry like linearity, homogeneity, normality, and stationarity etc. (Bankes 2002) Heterogeneity of stakeholders, coupled with changing level of information, decision factors and scenarios, creates dynamic and complex city logistics processes. For successful city logistics policy analysis there is a need for a tool that can deal with such deep uncertainly and provide insights about urban freight movements not easily captured with traditional domains. Multi-agent modeling for city logistics policy analysis focuses on understanding city logistics processes at meso-scale that describes the urban freight movement not based either on the micro scale of buying -selling and supplydemand nor on the macro scale of aggregate totals of demand, but on the importance of under what structures these forces play out, and how to measure these effects in order to determine effective policy measures for city logistics. Literature review City logistics associated problems have stirred research interest among government, researchers, companies and environmentalists equally for acquiring better knowledge about city logistics to aid policy analysis process. The survey of urban freight modeling by BESTUFS (Browne, Piotrowska et al.) shows that countries like Italy, Spain, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany and France actively use some kind of modeling for policy analysis in city logistics domain. These models are used primarily to understand qualitative and quantitative pattern of urban freight related problems, to understand the policy impacts and to study other city freight related situations. A variety of methodical approaches are identified for the similar challenges because of different level of importance (i.e. congestion, pollution, safety etc) apropos to different country, Anand/van Duin/Tavasszy 2 however, no model covers dynamic of city logistics. Instead, these models consider the static movements of goods and aggregate them in one equation to find the solution. Additionally, these modeling efforts mostly focus on infrastructure optimization and traffic improvement without considering the goods movement, which make them poor predictors of city logistics scenarios. Conclusively, city logistics policy mostly follows "Learning by doing" approach with very limited or no use of modeling or scientific approach. FRETURB (Routhier and Aubert 1999) is a land use and tour-based model of urban goods transport developed in France. It consists of pick-up and delivery model, town management and purchasing trips model. Although this model takes into account the urban organization of the logistic chains, it does not fit in the operational optimization of routing. WIVER (Meimbresse and Sonntag 2001) is a behaviororiented simulation model from Germany, which is able to consider explicitly the complexity of urban trip chain pattern focusing on different vehicle classes. The model can compute traffic values for different sectors with respect to logistic activities of sector. It considers purpose of trip, efficiency of tour, distribution of trips over time etc. However, it only models the logistics activity in the urban region without considering the decision making system of city logistics stakeholders. GoodTrip (Boerkamps, van Binsbergen et al. 2000) is urban freight transportation model developed in Netherlands. It links economic, logistic, traffic & transport and environmental data with one another, using a so-called logistic chain of urban freight transport. The model was used to compare alternative urban freight transport concepts in environmental and amenity terms in a qualitative way. According to the author, pick-up and delivery of goods in urban areas can be so diverse and complex that a typology in terms of trips, load factors, delivery frequency cannot be given, especially not in dynamic and quantitative terms. Thus, this model uses static approach that means the space and time (windows) play no role, enabling straightforward modeling. (Davidsson, Henesey et al. 2005) gives comprehensive review about use of agent technology for transportation and traffic management asserting there are few fielded experiments have been performed and Anand/van Duin/Tavasszy 3 very few deployed systems could be found. Also, evaluation of model is inadequate as comparisons with existing techniques and systems are rare. They conclude agent based transportation modeling and its use for strategic decision-making is still in its juvenile stage. However, some modeling efforts are still noticeable. A microsimulation model for urban freight movement in Tokyo metropolitan area is presented by (Wisetjindawat, Sano et al. 2007) . The model consists of commodity generation, commodity distribution, conversion of commodity flows to truck flows and traffic assignment. The model uses concepts of logistics and operation research to explain the behavior of each freight agent while dealing with freight movement using Monte Carlo Simulation. (van Duin, Tavasszy et al. 2007) describes a model which looks at the feasibility of a hybrid system of contracting freight carrying services by co-operation mechanisms between shippers and carriers. In the model, different carrier-agents negotiate in auction for logistic contract. The model attempts to get insight on the interaction dynamics of bidding behavior among carriers and shippers through distributed intelligence. (Roorda, Cavalcante et al.) proposed a conceptual framework for agent based model of logistic service. The framework describes various roles of different stakeholders and representation of logistics service contracts in mathematical format. Authors assert that the (agent based) framework can represent business decisions ranging from fundamental long term decisions to short term operational decisions and thus provides sensitivity to a variety of technology trends, business trends, and policy scenarios that more conventional approaches cannot do to the same extent. City logistics policy analysis using multi-agent system City logistics deals primarily with three different domains, i.e. supply-demand, transportation network and traffic, where urban goods is common entity in all three domains (Van Duin and Quak 2007). Retailer, Suppliers, Logistics providers and administrators (i.e. municipality) are main actors (i.e. stakeholders). The social system created by different stakeholders act under several forces and, often, not only reactive but proactive, goal oriented, conflicting. Mathematical reduction of such a complex urban freight system by conventional modeling would not lead to success, especially when Anand/van Duin/Tavasszy 4 the interactions between the micro level entities are manifold (Haken 1977). Establishing each stakeholder as independent entity can help exploring dynamics of interaction due to distributed decision making. This can be achieved by developing number of functionally specific and nearly modular objects who can solve particular problem aspect. Combination of their interactive movement results into emergent complex system. This modular objects are called "Agent" in the artificial intelligence lingo. A system consist of many different agents is multi-agent system. It can be defined as a loosely coupled network of problem solvers that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capabilities or knowledge of each problem solver (Durfee, Lesser et al. 1989) Each stakeholder in city logistics is an agent in multi-agent system. Each agent has certain goals to achieve and certain rules to follow. Retailer-agent chooses a supplier-agent based on cost of delivery (cr) size of delivery (


A model of the stochastic behavior of the electrochemical interface is presented when a redox reaction limited by the diffusion of the reacting species occurs on the electrode surface. As shown in the first paper [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 7232 (1993)] it leads to the current–voltage curve, the electrochemical impedance and the power spectral density (PSD) of the electrochemical noise (current fluctuations in potentiostatic control or potential fluctuations in galvanostatic control). A comparison with experiment is performed for the potassium ferri‐ferrocyanide reaction on platinum. The noise generated by reaction‐diffusion is measured after eliminating the parasitic noise sources. At equilibrium the Nyquist theorem is experimentally checked, whereas far from equilibrium the measured excess noise is found to be in good agreement with the theory.


Pellet boilers are increasingly popular on the market, largely due to the fact that their use does not demand constant control by the user, but is reduced only to replenishing fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber and heat exchanger every few days. However, this functionality creates additional costs in terms of power consumption due to the work of boiler components, such as the pellet igniter, screw conveyors motors, fan, pump and controller. The purpose of this research was the analysis of the power demand and energy consumption of the electricity devices installed on the automatic pellet boiler in two operating modes, determining the total energy consumption and costs of electricity due to heating seasons in each mode. In the first mode, the boiler worked with modulated power, and in the second the boiler was working with nominal power. To carry out the mentioned research, a pellet boiler installed in the AGH UST Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources in Miękinia was used. All the data obtained was used to simulate the total electricity consumption during one standard heating season and the costs involved. In the first case the boiler consumed 623,195 kWh of electricity per heating season and in the second the boiler consumed 304,503 kWh electricity per heating season. Although electricity consumption in the modulated mode is higher, the total cost of heating is lower, due to lower fuel consumption. Correspondence: Grzegorz Pełka, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie, Katedra Surowców Energetycznych, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. edu.pl 118 Grzegorz Pełka et al. Technical Sciences 21(2) 2018 Introduction Today, when sustainable energy usage is a key element of the modern world and the EU has set itself the 3×20 target to achieve, the growth in renewable energy usage and improvements of energy efficiency is so important (Ruokamo 2016), the pellet boilers can help to achieve each of the three goals, which emphasize the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, growth in renewable energy usage and improvements of energy efficiency. In recent years, pellets have become an important fuel for heat and electricity production in Europe. Pellets have a higher fuel density and hence demand less transportation and storage surface. In comparison with unprocessed biomass, pellets present a lower moisture content, higher effective heating value, uniform shape, clear burning and reduction of ashes (mola-Yudego et al. 2014). An increase in the Polish market of pellet boilers has also been observed. In 2014, 26,000 units of biomass boilers were sold and 14% of the total amount were pellet boilers (IEO 2015). Automatic solid fuel boilers need electricity to work, and the amount of the electricity is rarely stated by producers. Due to their fully automatic workings, the ease of boiler use, the small amount of ash and lack of pollution in the boiler room, all combine to make the pellet boiler increasingly popular (góRecki et al. 2015). Pellet boilers are devices which produce the lowest emissions of air pollutants compared to other solid fuel boilers, but the problem of hazardous substances in flue gas cannot be eliminated (BieRanowski, olkowski 2009, musilschläffeR et al. 2010). Most pellet boilers offered on the market are of the fifth best class according to PN-EN 303-5:2012 standard (kaczmaRczYk et al. 2015). The nominal heating power efficiency currently produced pellet boilers is over 90% (schwaRz et al. 2011). According to caRlon et al. (2015) the annual efficiency (measured as a quotient heat produced by the boiler and energy consumed in the fuel) for standard house from 2004 was 83%, when efficiency during the standard testing conditions in nominal load was 93.2% and during the part load was 90.9%. The boiler work in modulating power mode. The electricity demand of pellet boilers depends on the thermal power and equipment of the boiler. From 1st April 2017 energy labeling for solid fuels boilers has become obligatory. According to EU Commission Regulation No. 2015 /1187 solid fuel boilers may exist in the class from G to A++, and from 26th September 2019 the energy labels will be from class D to A+++. The electricity consumed by the boiler has a large influence on the final result of the energy label. Defining real electricity consumption is important to demonstrate the impact on the total costs caused by the consumption of energy by a pellet boiler. Data obtained are necessary to check real power and electricity consumption. The knowledge about power and electricity consumption is necessary for designing a self-supplying electricity system for a pellet boiler. An Analysis of the Power Demand and Electricity Consumption... 119 Technical Sciences 21(2) 2018 The main aim of the investigation was to determine the electricity consumption and power demand by a pellet boiler in the various operating modes of the boiler. The values are important for further research and the construction of a prototype of an energy generator for supplying the boiler. Furthermore, the total energy consumed by a pellet boiler and the costs of electricity was investigated. The costs generated by a pellet boiler are important for users. The results were discussed and the cheapest mode of pellet boiler operation was indicated. Material and methods Description of pellet boiler The measurements were conducted in 2016 in the educational boiler room in the AGH UST Laboratory of Energy Sources and Energy Saving in Miękinia. The fully automatic pellet boiler with a nominal power 25 kW was used to carry out the research. It is a high-performance device (89–92%) and fulfills the requirements of a fifth-class boiler according to the PN EN 303-5:2012 standard. In the pellet boiler, there is a burner with modulated power ranging from 5 to 25 kW. The burner has an electric resistance igniter for the automatic ignition of pellets, a stoker feeding system to fuel supply to the grate and a moving grate for improving deash. The ash is removed from the burner by the air stream and the moving grate, which moves every five minutes. The ash is collected in the ash box and must be removed manually about every two weeks. The functionality of the pellet boiler is controlled by an electronic controller (technical documentation of pellet boiler, on-line). The electric devices contained in a boiler are: – pellet igniter, – screw conveyors motors, – fan, – pump, – controller. The working parameters of particular components were set by the boiler installer. The pellet boiler has four working stages. The first stage is ignition. It starts with switching on the fan, which removes ash from the burner. Then a starting dose of fuel is supplied to the burner, and the igniter is activated. The purpose of this step is to warm up the fuel to ignition temperature. The igniter works until a signal from the light sensor appears and the fan in this operating mode is in constant operation. The fuel is transported from hopper to burner using two different screw conveyors and these devices work periodically. 120 Grzegorz Pełka et al. Technical Sciences 21(2) 2018 After ignition, the boiler goes into the heating operation mode. During the heating operation mode, the screw conveyor motor, fan and stoker are working. The circulation pumps are activated when the boiler obtain the expected temperature (in the analyzed case, only the central heating pump). The burner can work at four power levels. While working at nominal power, parameters such as time of fuel supply and airflow power are set by the user. In case of lower power usage etc. 1⁄2; 1⁄4; 1⁄8, the time of fuel supply and fan power are properly reduced. The burner works with nominal power as long as the boiler water temperature remains at 7°C below the expected temperature. Above this temperature, the controller modulates the burner power. When the expected temperature is reached, the boiler switches to extinguishing mode. During this stage, fuel is not supplied and the fan begins working at full power to finish burning the last fuel and to blow ash from the burner. After extinguishing mode, the burner goes over to standby mode, while the controller measures the temperature of the water supply. When the temperature is lower than the expected temperature minus the modulation temperature, the boiler starts the ignition process again. A simplified algorithm for the operation of the pellet boiler is shown on Figure 1. When the process starts, a controller measures the light intensity on the burner. If the measurement is higher than 200 [–] the boiler runs, otherwise an outflow water temperature measurement is conducted. The controller starts the ignition mode when the outlet water temperature is lower than the set temperature minus the outflow water hysteresis, otherwise the controller is on standby. Ignition end when the light intensity on the burner is higher than 200 [–] and then the heating mode operation is initiated. Heating power in this mode is independent of the current temperature of water exiting from the boiler. When this temperature exceeds a set temperature, the extinguishing mode begins. The last stage is standby mode where the controller measures light intensity on the burner and the temperature of outflow water. The working stage depends on the settings of the device parameters and current heat power demands of the building. Description of measurements Power demand and energy consumption were measured by a single-phase electricity meter using the RS485 communication protocol to send data to a computer. Measurements of power demand were made separately for each device and in every mode of the operation of the pellet boiler. Electricity consumption measurements were also conducted during every operating mode: initiating the burner, working with modulated power, extinguishing and standing by. The received values were read for ten minutes and recorded automatically every five secon


Abstract This paper describes an analytical approach for developing the Cumulative Distribution Function, CDF, of time to completion of any segment of the Outfall Tunnel of Boston Harbor Cleanup Project. For any given tunnel length, one can calculate the probability of completing that length within a specified time. The approach proposed is general enough to be used on relatively long tunnels with durations extending over several months. It presents a case in data modeling where a large volume of data is reduced and reported in a usable format. Model application is shown through a numerical example and the results are compared wih the actual data obtained which shows that the difference between actual data and predicted result is not significant.


The invention discloses a method and a device for UE to feed back data stream information under a multi-streaming transmission mode. The method comprises the following steps: the UE and a base state Node B appoint a cell which is used for determining reference channel quality indicator (CQI) information in data stream information in advance; the UE determines the reference CQI information and offset CQI information of actual CQI information of each data stream corresponding to the reference CQI information, and transmits the determined offset CQI information and the cell used for determining the reference CQI information to the Node B. By the embodiment of the invention, the condition that the UE feeds data stream information back to the Node B under a multi-streaming mode can be realized,and the radio resource occupied by the condition that the UE feeds back data stream information under the multi-streaming mode can be saved.


The study compares the effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy without medication with behavioral therapy and/or medication treatment. Seventy-three children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) participated in a controlled trial. The primary outcome was symptom reduction 38 months after the pre-treatment assessment. Secondary outcomes were significantly lower scores for Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scale, Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form scores. Both treatment groups demonstrated significant symptom reduction, with no significant differences in effectiveness between the two groups. Teacher ratings as well as parent ratings showed a significant decline over time on the ADHD index scores, on oppositional behavior and hyperactivity/impulsivity levels and on internalizing and externalizing problem scores. Both groups demonstrated similar main effects of time. There were no significant interactions between group and time. The findings of this study support psychoanalytic psychotherapy without medication as being as effective as behavioral treatment with methylphenidate in symptom reduction and problem reduction on ADHD/ODD related rating scales.


This study analyzed the effect cross-cultural differences in perceived horizontal equity and self-efficacy have on the creation of budgetary slack. This research addressed the gap in the role of ethical ideology in business by empirically examining the influence of culture on an individual's ethical ideology and their propensity to create budgetary slack. A total of 803 subjects included 413 individuals from America and 390 from Brazil. A series of analysis of variance testing identified statistical significance between horizontal equity and the creation of budgetary slack, as well as statistically significant differences between low/high years of experience and budgetary slack levels. Additional cross tabulations were included related to both horizontal equity as well as self-efficacy. The results highlight budgetary procedures that may impact a person's perceptions of fairness in pay compared to colleagues or peers with similar positions in organizations. Findings suggest that employees with more years of professional experience could benefit from education on potential negative unintended consequences of creating slack in their budgetary decisions. Our findings may be used by managers to gain awareness of this significance and take necessary steps to create equitable pay policies and budgetary targets. Study results indicated no statistical difference in slack levels between Americans and Brazilians.


We propose a type-II AlGaAsSb-AlGaInAs heterostructure superlattice for improved electronically tunable laser diodes exploiting the free-carrier plasma effect. In electronically tunable laser diodes, commonly type-I heterostructure diodes (e.g., GaInAsP-InP) are used as tuning region; however, at equal tuning, the type-II heterostructure superlattices provide the advantage of significantly smaller recombination rates due to the spatial separation of electrons and holes. As a consequence, the required tuning currents can be reduced and the maximum achievable carrier density in an optimized type-II diode can be enhanced by about a factor of two.


Henderson, C. Case of snake bite. 1880, n.s., 2: 64. Thomas, J. Davies. A case of acute rheumatism treated by the graduated bath and soda salicylate. 1880, n.s., 2: 97-102. Gunning, A. T. Notes of a case of intussusception of the bowel. 1880, n.s., 2: 108. Thomas, W. Notes of two cases of poisoning by muriatic acid. 1880, n.s.. 2: 109-110. Armstrong. W. Fatal case of poisoning with essence of bitter almonds. 1880, n.s., 2: 202-204. Duncan, R. B. Sponfaneous fracture of left humerus excision of shoulder amputation recovery. 1880, n.s., 2: 204-205. 2: 1-5.


Pneumatic drives are widely used in automation and process technology due to their low complexity, high reliability and easy maintenance at low acquisition costs. However, there is potential for energy savings with a large number of pneumatic drives whose speed is adjusted by means of exhaust air throttling. Known solutions for exploiting the savings potential are often complex and expensive to implement, so that they cannot establish themselves sufficiently on the market.


This paper analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the dynamics of the economy and the interaction between fiscal and monetary policy using structural vector autoregressions (SVARs). The SVARs models in our article are identified by two alternative methodologies. The first methodology uses sign restrictions on impulse responses. The second methodology combines sign restrictions with restrictions on the contemporaneous causal interrelationships among variables, derived by Directed Acyclic Graphs. Analyzing the case of Brazil, we observe for both identification strategies that in response to positive ("contracionist") fiscal shocks there is a significative and long-lasting reduction in the price level, and a short-lived reduction on economic activity. There is no evidence of significant response of the exchange rate to fiscal innovations. We test the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level for Brazil, applying the test proposed by Canzoneri, Cumby, and Diba (2001) that analyzes the response of public sector liabilities to primary surplus shocks. This response depends on the identification adopted. For the hybrid identification we find that it is not possible to distinguish empirically between Ricardian (Monetary Dominance) and non-Ricardian (Fiscal Dominance) regimes. However, using sign restrictions there is some evidence that the government followed a Ricardian (Monetary Dominance) regime from January 2000 to June 2008.


Data dependencies create hurdles in exploiting ILP among instructions. To overcome them, data value predictors are used which guess instructions' result before it is actually executed. Thus, future instructions which depend on the outcome of that instruction executes sooner. But, since Value Prediction accuracy is very crucial in determining the amount of parallelism that can be exploited, Confidence estimation is used along with it to lessen the value prediction misprediction penalty by guessing whether or not to use a value prediction result. Previous confidence estimators were based on perceptrons which had the limitation of learning only linearly separable functions,[2, 24]. But sometimes linear inseparability may arise when a correct prediction on a past instruction causes the current instruction to predict incorrectly [25]. As Support Vector Machines belong to a family of generalized linear classifier and can be interpreted as extension of perceptron, they are both linear and non linear classifiers and are computationally more efficient than perceptrons. Thus, we propose a confidence estimator using SVM's in which the prediction accuracy of previous instructions is used to estimate the confidence of current prediction and decide based on its results whether or not the prediction is likely to be correct. The classification algorithm of SVM is implemented using MATLAB platform, and its novel learning methods have been applied on different data sets having two classes.


WT5BZ]The author expounded the possibility and necessity of the OA information system construction of the Guangxi WR units and probed into using the existing net resources of Guangxi WR units to build Intranet of Guangxi WR units and the functions it supplies. [WT5HZ]


Introduce the rapid design platform of straight tank bulk cement vehicle,ultilize Visual C++ 6.0 as the develop tool,integrate the rapid design sub-module and the calculating volume sub-module based on Unigraphic technology,analyzing and optimizing sub-module based on ANSYS,use ACCESS to construct the design library,realize the purpose of enhancing the design efficiency,abbreviating the design cycle,and improving the design quality.


Towards achieving IT country status, a lot of changes have been done.E - Government is government management one of the new concept that have been introduce to our country. It's mean all must fully computerized. This bring a great changes in government system, from manual system to computerized system. A lot of problem arise while using manual system. Hence, web based farmer and paddy management system developed and this system focus on two main modules, paddy sales management and farmer data management. To make this project successful RUP has been chosen as the methodology. Besides that, Java Server Pages(JSP) has been chosen as dynamic scripting language and JDBC - ODBC will be used to connect the database to the system. Hopefully, this system will give some benefits to Pertubuhan Peladang Kawasan Paya Perlis.


We address the problem of assessing the quality of a ranking system (e.g., search engine, recommender system, review ranker) given a fixed budget for collecting expert judgments. In particular, we propose a method that selects which items to judge in order to optimize the accuracy of the quality estimate. Our method is not only efficient, but also provides estimates that are unbiased --- unlike common approaches that tend to underestimate performance or that have a bias against new systems that are evaluated re-using previous relevance scores.


Discloses the use of trust-point service. In certain embodiments, the processor may be used, the platform authentication, and environment authentication and trust point system establishes trust by performing a user authentication. The processor may be responsive to interactive information to build confidence and trust point system. In certain embodiments, the trust point system can cooperate to provide various services, such as escort, battery charge, vehicle safety, and / or emissions reporting service.


Aim: To study method of alcohol extract of thetraditional chinese medicine zhisenxuekang tablet. Methods:Taking the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A and Ferulic acid asthe standards, assayed by HPLC method, and using orthogonal tests compared different alcohol extract conditions. Results: In 700 ml. L-1 alcohol twelve times as Sample for36 hours, the highest content of tabshinone Ⅱ A and ferulicacid was obtained at percolating rate of 2.0 mL min-1.Conclusion: Alcohol extracts of zhisenxuekang tablet bydouble standards orthogonal test could fully make use of theoriginal matelial and might gauranty the effects of themedicine.


The consolidation of the no-tillage system in the Cerrado still faces difficulties regarding the establishment of cover crops. In this sense, has chosen by the technique of oversown aiming to take advantage of the moisture at the end of the rainy season. However, there is not always successful the establishing of the crops with this sowing system. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Urochloa ruziziensis in oversown on stage R5.3 and agronomic performance of soybean under different spacing between the lines of cultivation. The field experiment was carried out in the Barra do Garcas (MT) Brazil, in 2010/2011 crop season. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with four replications, characterized by five different row spacings (0.40; 0.45; 0.50; 0.55 and 0.60 m) and two soybean cultivars (P99R01 and M-Soy 9144RR). We evaluated the plant height, number of pods plant-1, thousand grain weight, number of plants of U. ruziziensis at 7, 14 and 21 days after emergence (DAE), index of closing of lines (ICL), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) below the canopy and PAR intercepted at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAE and the yield of grain. Regardless of cultivar, the spacings of 0.45 m to 0.50 m yielded the highest values in plant height, number of pods plant-1, number of plants of U. ruziziensis and yield of grain. There was no effect on weight of thousand grains. Regardless of cultivar, row spacing below of 0.50 m provide higher IFL, higher PAR interception and a lower incidence of PAR below the canopy.


The invention relates to glass insulator printing ink which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of high-purity titanium dioxide powder, 1-20 parts of aluminum oxide powder, 1-35 parts of high-purity beryllium oxide, 50-100 parts of silicon dioxide powder, and an appropriate amount of organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one of enthanol, acetone and carbon tetrachloride. A preparation method comprises the steps of weighing the components according to the proportioning, fully stirring and mixing, adding the appropriate amount of organic solvent, and stirring while adding till blending the components to a pasty state, therefore, the glass insulator printing ink is prepared. The glass insulator printing ink has the advantages that the printing ink is very environment-friendly, and a printed pattern is distinct, smooth and firm, can resist the temperature as high as1000 DEG C without any color change.


Previous research by the authors indicated that the videorecorder was not being used effectively in schools with young children. This was partly owing to a lack of suitable video material. Pilot work established that videotapes in a modular form, rather than linear programmes, not only would act as a resource when required by teachers and children but also would encourage more flexible use of video. This would include small group viewing and frequent use of the stop/start, pause, rewind and fast forward controls to encourage interaction. This style is usually nowadays associated with the videodisc although its origin is with the videorecorder. In the quest for technological 'progress', too much emphasis has been put on the videodisc at the expense of the videorecorder. To offset this deficiency, this research and development project, in co-operation with teachers, was established to investigate which material best suits the needs of primary and nursery schools, and to produce a series of modular video tapes.


The experiments were conducted on the generation and reduction reaction of magnesium plasma using a cylindrical transverse magnetic-mode applicator in magnetic and electric field modes. Therefore, by heating Mg powder using the magnetic field mode, plasma was generated with the evaporation of Mg and then stably sustained. When the Mg plasma sample was introduced into the reaction zone and exposed to lamp heating, the reduction reaction of scandium oxide also occurred. The results of this study provide a prospect for the development of a larger microwave refining system.


finished by coercive disarmament by the Government of Sri Lanka (the GoSL) against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE). Subsequent to a declaration of total victory by the President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, against the LTTE, statebuilding all over the territory of Sri Lanka by the GoSL has plausibly been consolidated. While the LTTE leaders were killed in the consequence of armed conflict and the group was dismantled, the President Rajapaksa was re-elected in the presidential election of 2010. However, the consequence of the armed conflict would have never expected by the both sides when a peace agreement in 2002 agreed between the GoSL and the LTTE, at least. Why did the Sri Lankan armed conflict come to an end in 2009 by a declaration of victory of the GoSL despite the breakdown of the peace agreement in 2002? Responding to this question, firstly, the second section of this article attempts to examine it through three perspectives: (1) a characteristic of "new war" 2 showing global violence along with contemporary armed conflicts; (2) a characteristic of "state failure" during the armed conflict; (3) a characteristic of the peace agreement in 2002 and its performance. Firstly, the author of this article examines the case of Sri Lanka along with a


This paper compares their energy administrative organs in Australia, Japan and India from levels,specialization and departmentalization of energy administrative organ,and clarifies its generalization and specialty as administrative organ,and presents that energy organs must guarantee energy safety,boost economic growth,and protect environment. China,as a big energy consumer,abundant in resources and regional gaps,shall set up a higher level of energy administrative organ,unified,departmentalized and highly specialized. This paper,according to this theory,designs a corresponding energy administrative organ chart.


Nowadays, there is no an experimental system that could provide cell stress experiment with dynamic tensile stress in the world. According to that, an experimental system for testing the dynamic tensile stress of cells using membrane variable stress wave, was developed. The system use an automatic control system based on microcontroller. This paper describes the structure and working principle of this experimental system, emphasizes on illustrating the working principle、hardware structure and the corresponding software flow chart of the automatic control system. The system is proved to be economic, controlled expediently and excellent at control precision and stability by the experiment conducted.


Provides a look into the rags-to-riches life of the Hollywood television producer who created such popular shows as Dynasty, The Love Boat, and Beverly Hills 90210.


A make it possible to mount a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator into the cryopump housing having a side inlet, and simplifies the configuration of the pulse tube refrigerator, to improve the exhaust heat from the hot end of the pulse tube , the valve mechanism to provide a pulse tube refrigerator under or behind the cryopump housing. A cryopump, a compressor for the pulse tube refrigerator has a pulse tube refrigerator located within the vacuum chamber of the cryopump, the hot end of the pulse tube is connected to each other through the buffer volume, the cryopump vacuum chamber is integrated in the housing, the buffer volume is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube through the flow restrictor, providing an integrated cryopump and 2-stage pulse tube refrigeration system.


There has long been debate over the economic and social effects of bearing a child in ones teenage years. Many have posited that bearing a child as a teenager cripples the mothers prospects for economic well-being in the years ahead. A recent standard cross-sectional analysis of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics confirms that teen birth has serious educational and economic costs. Compared with teenage mothers women who have a birth in their 20s and 30s are more likely to have graduated from high school and to have attended college as are women who have never had a child. Moreover they are less likely to be poor and more likely to be classified as middle class. Reexamination of the data however comparing sister to sister shows that while early childbearing can lead to significantly lower average income and a greater likelihood of poverty uniformly weaker effects of teenage childbearing especially in education and marital status are evidenced. Conventional estimates therefore exaggerate the costs of teen childbearing.


The necessity of introduction of personal-oriented and pedagogical technologies into the system of informational subjects for future teachers is considered through the article. The development of the educational process as the condition of interactions between pupils and a teacher is discussed. The development of pupils as subjects of the educational process is considered.


Primary autonomic failure is characterized by disabling orthostatic hypotension; but at least half of these patients have paradoxical supine hypertension. Renin-angiotensin (Ang) mechanisms were not initially thought to contribute to this hypertension as autonomic failure patients often have undetectable plasma renin activity. Despite suppressed renin, plasma aldosterone levels are normal and we recently showed that plasma Ang II is elevated and acts at AT 1 receptors to contribute to supine hypertension in these patients. Since aldosterone and Ang II also bind mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) to elevate blood pressure, we tested the hypothesis that MR activation plays a role in the hypertension of autonomic failure. To test this, we determined the acute effects of the MR antagonist eplerenone (50 mg, PO) versus placebo on supine blood pressure in a randomized, double blind, crossover study. Medications were given at 8:00 PM and blood pressure was recorded q2 hours for 12 hours. Seven autonomic failure patients with supine hypertension completed this study (5 pure autonomic failure, 1 Parkinson's, 1 multiple system atrophy; 5 male; 68±2 years of age). Eplerenone maximally reduced supine systolic blood pressure by 34±6 mmHg at 8 hours after administration (vs. 6±12 mmHg for placebo, p=0.047), with no effect on volume measures (12-hour urine volume: 927±205 placebo vs. 1247±151 ml eplerenone, p=0.438; nocturnal weight loss: -1.1±0.2 placebo vs. -1.2±0.2 kg eplerenone, p=0.813). These findings suggest that inappropriate MR activation may contribute to hypertension in autonomic failure, and provide rationale for use of eplerenone in treatment of these patients. While still under investigation, the lack of effect on volume measures combined with the rapid time course for blood pressure lowering following eplerenone may suggest extra-renal mechanisms are involved in MR antagonism in autonomic failure.


The application of an automatic circuit for the periodical compensation of drift in dc amplifiers is described. The circuit consists principally of a relay and memory condenser and is analogous to that described by Offner [Rev. Sci. Instr. 25, 579 (1954)]. The difference is mainly in the application. Whereas Offner used the circuit to restore the balance in differential amplifiers, here it is applied to the drift compensation of an unbalanced straightforward or feedback dc amplifier.


Background:  Estimated indoor climate conditions in unheated summer cottages offers house‐dust mites unfavorable temperature and feeding conditions while giving them optimum humidity conditions. We aimed to estimate the exposure level of house‐dust mites in summer cottages.


Bullying and victimization has become a matter of great concern in Schools in present scenario. The phenomenon of bullying behaviour has increasingly become a global problem. This is a kind of violence which threatens the well-being of teenagers and youths at schools and district. Bullying affects families, schools and people in the society. It may cause lake of self-confidence, fear and humiliation among youths via aggressive actions of others. Bullying accrue in a lot of environment such as schools, after-school programs, or among the youths' districts. The phenomenon of bullying behaviour has increasingly become a global problem (Gladden et al., 2014). Any behaviour exhibits by a person, with the intention to hurt another person physically or psychologically, without any cause, is considered an act of bullying (Nwokolo et al., 2011). In general there is a consideration that verbal bullying is a common aspect of childhood. The The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The objective of the study was to identify the extent of bullying; victimization and fighting behaviour among rural and urban children. Three secondary and senior secondary schools from Hisar city and three secondary and senior secondary schools from village Ladwa (Hisar district) were selected at random. The study was conducted with all children enrolled in classes 6 th to 10 th from six selected schools. Total sample constituted of 1070 students, 570 from rural area and 500 from Hisar city. Illinois Bully Scale developed by Espelage and Holt (2001) was used to assess the bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour among school children. Children were personally interviewed about their bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour. Chisquare test was used to determine if there were statistically significant association between rural and urban children. The results revealed that there was no association between bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, bullyingvictimization-fighting behaviour and rural urban setting. Majority of the children from both the areas i.e. rural and urban were engaged in mild level of bullying, victimization, fighting, bullying-victimization, and bullying-victimization-fighting behaviour. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The paper investigates a decode-and-forward buffer-aided relay selection for an underlay cognitive radio network in the presence of an eavesdropper. The secondary users operating on the same band used by primary user, so the QoS of primary user should be guaranteed. Eavesdropper can intercept the information transmission from the secondary transmitter or relay to the corresponding receiver, which is considered to threaten the security of cognitive radio networks. Finite buffer size is assumed to be available at the relay, so that the relay can store packets. We propose a max-ratio link selection scheme which can optimize the secrecy transmission performance by considering all possible source-to relay and relay to destination links and selecting the relay having the link which maximizes the signal to eavesdropper channel gain ratio. It incorporates the instantaneous strength of the wireless links as well as the status of the finite relay buffers and adapts the relay selection decision on the strongest available link by dynamically switching between relay reception and transmission, so it can take full advantage of the additional flexibility offered by relays with buffers. A closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is obtained, both simulation and theoretical results are shown based on the Markov chain to validate the proposed schemes and demonstrate that the proposed schemes can significantly enhance the secure performance compared to the conventional Max-min relay selection schemes.


Mobile robots are defined as autonomous mechanical device, which performs automated tasks either by predefined program or under human guidance by using remote control devices. The use of mobile robots is limited due to the lack of an effective locomotion system. There are few kinds of locomotion mechanism used in mobile robot such as wheel, track and leg. A major unresolved issue for most industrial and other applications is to complete the task in the various terrains such as stairs, smooth and rough path etc. This study proposed a new design of hybrid locomotion system for mobile robots. It is the combination of wheel and track type locomotion system resulting as a hybrid mechanism that includes a flexible and versatile interchangeable locomotion. A 3D virtual model was designed in CAD software. For smooth transformation a new switchover module called track tensioner unit that facilitates the engaging and releasing of track mechanism was developed and included in the system. The three wheeled locomotion mechanism used in this system would enable the robot to move on flat path at reasonable high velocity and maneuverability. The track system provides very reliable robot mobility on rough terrain. To ensure structural integrity, several selected parts of model were analyzed to ascertain their mechanical behavior under static load condition by using Solidworks simulation tool. From literature reviews, two type of materials namely Aluminum alloy AL6061-T6 and Aluminum alloy AL7075-T6 were short listed. The stability of these materials was then further analyzed using finite element method according to the current design specifications. The results proved that Aluminum alloy AL7075-T6 to be more suitable for this type of mobile robot.


States are leading the search for solutions to the uninsured problem, explorng various paths to universal coverage. In Massachusetts, which recently passed a near-universal plan, it took months to lay the groundwork, and comments were sought from a wide variety of groups. "You can't just look at the most recent accomplishment without understanding what brought us to this point," says Michael Miller, left.


Devitt and A.B. Miller (120: 1370, 1372, 1374; 1979). In listing the categories of women in whom there is a high risk of carcinoma of the breast Dr. Harrison included those who have previously undergone mammography. I believe this inclusion to be inappropriate and unfounded. On the basis of interpretation of data from a different order of magnitude of radiation, papers have been published in the past decade that raise the possibility of mammary cancer occurring as a sequel to mammography. Even if one considers the radiation doses prevalent with equipment and recording media used several years ago, the projected occurrence of mammary cancer has been deemed minimal in view of the expected benefit of early diagnosis with mammography. Placing women who had previously undergone mammography in the high-risk group may cause unnecessary anxiety in such women as well as in their physicians, who may forgo referring women for mammography even if they have proper indications. The advantages of this very valuable diagnostic tool may thereby be diminished unnecessarily.


This study is an investigative research on Nasib Hanım, the first singer, who is one of the pioneer women in the gramophone record in our country. Nasib Hanım is known as the first female singer who performed a recording on a gramophone record in Turkey among our musicians. She made a distinguished name for herself in the music industry of the period and appeared as an instrument player and singer with her rich voice in another mansion almost every night. Although she got famous in the industry by herself, her name and importance in the world of music have survived until today thanks to the name of his brother Nasibin Mehmet Bey, compared to her counterparts. As a result of our research, it was observed that a detailed and independent study has not been performed on the singer (hanende) and instrument player (sazende) Nasib Hanım. In this study, a literature review was performed on Nasib Hanım and points such as her importance, her contribution to music, her voice, and her instrument were investigated. The documentary research method was used in obtaining the findings. In line with this purpose, the data obtained were evaluated, and the findings were investigated and tried to be gathered. It is believed that this study can make an important contribution to the literature on Nasib Hanım, about whom there is not much information, as well as being an incentive for new studies to be performed on other valuable female musicians.


Metro rolling stock stagnation zones are quite long. This causes a number of difficulties in choosing and designing a water fire extinguishing system, as it directly affects the pressure loss in pipelines when water is supplied over such a long distance. That is why the task of this work is to design two different types of water fire extinguishing for metro dead ends and to perform hydraulic calculations, based on the results of which to choose the most suitable system for the object under study. The choice of a fire extinguishing system to ensure fire safety of dead ends of rolling stock sludge is made in the favor of the fire extinguishing system with high-pressure water spray.


Excerpt Recently, eliminating retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has been considered for young men with clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer (1). The interest in avoiding this surg...


Symmetry is often introduced in the formulation of constraint models. This paper shows how an automated constraint modelling system can recognise when it takes modelling decisions that introduce symmetry, and build up a description of the symmetry present in the final model of a whole problem class.


Most of the finite element analyses of reinforced concrete structures are restricted to two‐dimensional elements. Three‐dimensional solid elements have rarely been used although nearly all reinforced concrete structures are under a triaxial stress state. In this work, a three‐dimensional solid element based on a smeared fixed crack model that has been used in the past mainly for monotonic static loading analysis is extended to cater for dynamic analysis. The only material parameter that needs to be input for this model is the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete. Steel bars are modelled as uniaxial elements and an embedded formulation allows them to have any orientation inside the concrete elements. The proposed strategy for loading or unloading renders a numerical procedure which is stable and efficient. The whole process is applied to two RC frames and compared against existing experiments in the literature. Results show that the proposed approach may adequately be used to predict the dynamic response of a structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study is to find out what are related to the changing allocation of housing land to business areas on Mongonsidi Medan Street. This type of research is a qualitative field research. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews with informants. Informant selection technique is a purposive sampling technique consisting of 3 civil servants and 4 people who live in the area on Mongonsidi Medan Street. In terms of testing the credibility of the data researchers used triangulation techniques. The results showed that rejuvenation factor of the city center is related to changing allocation of housing land to business areas on Mongonsidi Medan Street. Rejuvenation factor of the city center is one solution to change the image of an area. Growth factors and loss of concentration of activity factor are related to changing allocation of housing land to business areas on Mongonsidi Medan Street. Seen from the proliferation of economic activities that are right in front of the Mongonsidi Medan Street.