African countries have long recognised that regional integration is vital if Africa is to optimise its growth potential and boost its bargaining power in the global marketplace. This explains the proliferation of several Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) across the continent culminating in the conclusion of the landmark African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). However, despite the concerted efforts to boost intra-trade among African countries, African borders remain 'thick' because of the continued existence of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) that reverse gains made from initiatives of trade liberalisation. Accordingly, if the landmark Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is to be successful, it must strive to address and eliminate Africa's NTBs. It is argued in this paper that while the AfCFTA makes some important strides in reducing NTBs in intra-African trade, there are still some significant gaps in the AfCFTA's provisions on NTBs that need to be addressed. Some of these gaps include: the lack of a comprehensive legal framework that adequately addresses all the categories of NTBs and the lack of clear guidelines on how to promote harmonisation among conflicting measures among RTAs. This article singles out and analyses provisions on NTBs under the AfCFTA with the aim of determining whether the AfCFTA addresses the challenges currently facing other RTAs in tackling NTBs. The author will identify shortcomings in the legal framework of the AfCFTA with the aim of making proposals to address them.


Cognitive decline in AD/MCI is related to loss of cholinergic neurons. However, inhibition of acetylcholine degradation has not slowed progression. Treatment directly targeting nicotinic cholinergic receptors may be more helpful. We have shown proof of concept in a 6‐month multicenter trial that transdermal nicotine provides significant improvement in attention, episodic memory, and global ratings of functioning with minimal side effects in MCI. A larger and longer (2‐year) trial is underway to determine the persistence of improvement and attenuation of cognitive decline.


Animal production and feed availability on oats, vetch and oats/vetch pastures were evaluated under continuous grazing, at three stocking rates, using weaned lambs. The oats and oats/vetch mixture generally produced significantly more available above-ground phytomass (AAP) than the vetch pasture. No significant differences in AAP or average daily gain (ADG) were measured between stocking rates on the different pastures. The levels of food availability and animal production obtained with the different pastures indicate that oats, vetch and an oats/vetch mixture can be used as annual, wintergreen pastures in the eastern Cape sourveld. However, the stocking rates that were implemented were too low to determine the production potential of the different pastures and an evaluation of the pastures at higher stocking rates is recommended before any recommendation on optimal stocking rates can be made. Keywords: above-ground phytomass; adg; afrikaans; animal production; availability; avena sativa; average daily gain; continuous grazing; daily gain; dryland; eastern cape; food availability; grazing; lambs; oats; pastures; phytomass; production; production potential; sourveld; south africa; stocking rate; stocking rates; vicia villosa


This paper is a continuation of our previous one under the same title. In both articles, we study the hyperelliptic curves [Formula: see text] defined over [Formula: see text], and their Jacobians [Formula: see text] (without loss of generality [Formula: see text] is a nonzero [Formula: see text]th power free integer). Previously, we considered the case when the polynomial [Formula: see text] is irreducible in [Formula: see text] and obtained (under certain conditions on the quartic field [Formula: see text]) upper bounds for the [Formula: see text]; in particular, we found infinite subfamilies of [Formula: see text] with rank zero. Now we consider all cases when [Formula: see text] is reducible in [Formula: see text] and prove analogous results. First we obtain (under mild conditions on some quadratic fields) upper bounds for the ranks in a rather general situation, then we restrict to a several infinite subfamilies of [Formula: see text] (when [Formula: see text] has two primes divisors) and get the best possible bounds or even the exact value of rank (if it is zero). We deduce as conclusions the complete lists of rational points on [Formula: see text] in such cases.


: Artificial hybridization in Phaseolus lunatus L. is still little used in genetic improvement programs in Brazil due to the low establishment percentages. This work aimed to evaluate pollen viability and stigma receptivity in different Lima bean genotypes throughout the day. Accessions 'Roxinha -MT' and 'Cana Longa-PB' were used in the experiment. Five flower buds were collected from each genotype at 6:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. The stigma receptivity was determined using 3% hydrogen peroxide, whereas pollen viability was determined with 2% acetocarmine colouration. The genotype and time factors acted independently on the percentage of viable and non-viable pollen grains and stigma receptivity. The genotype 'Roxinha' presented 88.54% viable pollen grains, a value 84.27% higher than that of the 'Cana Longa' genotype. This percentage varied as a function of time, with the highest means observed at 6:00 a.m. Stigma receptivity was influenced only by the time of the day, undergoing a great reduction in receptivity, from 88% in the early morning to slightly more than 40% around noon. These results indicate that 6:00 a.m. is the most suitable time to perform artificial crosses in Lima bean plants .


1 We measured the ratio of ETA and ETB sub‐types in the media (containing mainly smooth muscle) of human cardiac arteries (aorta, pulmonary and coronary), internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins.


The present invention relates to a preservative, release, oil, water, and easy to clean multi-layer material, with a matte color may be, is made of a metal substrate, an intermediate layer and a surface protective film layer, the metal substrate and there may also be a surface treatment layer (phosphate coating) or surface treatment layer or the primer layer and the primer layer between the intermediate layer film. The main component and the surface protective layer is an intermediate layer film F40G fluoroplastic. The multilayer material can be used as housing instruments, office supplies, and kitchen, and the exhaust fan off the hood of the housing and blades, and other chemical reactor equipment, but also for practical decorative materials, such as lamps, bicycle and motorcycle car frame, and the chain cover fender.


We investigate the effects of the apodization functions of a high-aperture objective on axial resolution in confocal bright-field microscopy. It is found that the measured apodization function for a commercial objective deviates significantly from the function predicted under the sine condition, which is usually assumed to be satisfied by a commercial objective. This result may explain the long-time discrepancy of the axial resolution between theoretical prediction and measured results, and also the observation of smoothly oscillating side peaks in the axial response when the objective is operated at an incorrect tube length. This finding is of importance when one tries to compensate for the spherical aberrations, with a certain accuracy, by the alteration of tube length of the objective. The deviation of apodization of a practical objective from the sine condition may be also responsible for the observation of the broadened axial response in confocal fluorescence microscopy including 4Pi confocal systems.


Many principles and methods have been described in literature for measuring relative humidity (RH) and several types of materials have been employed as RH sensing layers [1,2]. [...]


Flowers, the reproductive organs of angiosperms, show a high degree of diversity in morphological structure and flowering habits to ensure pollination and fertilization of plants. Effect of flower movement on pollination and fertilization was investigated in Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae) in this study. Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the germination of pollen grains at different temperatures. From 4:00 am to 6:00 am, the stigma was taller than the filaments so that self-pollination had no chance to be completed and cross-pollination was carried out by insects. Pollen grains germinated rapidly after falling on the stigma, the pollen tube reached the ovule to complete the fertilization after 2-3 h. From 7:00 am to 9:00 am, filaments of two stamens grew rapidly and reached the same height as the stigma to allow self-crossing. But at this time, the natural temperature was already high and not conducive to the germination of pollen grains. The corolla formed a closed inverted bell-shaped corolla, where the inner microenvironment ensured the completion of pollen germination and fertilization. Preferential cross-pollination and delayed self-crossing of I. purpurea provided a doubly guaranteed mechanism for pollination and fertilization, allowing its adaptation to high temperature climate.


The biosphere reserve (BR), as conceived by UNESCO, is a permanent intervention towards sustainable development. With 727 BRs in 131 countries (Österreichisches MAB-Nationalkomitee 2021), this means interventions in highly diverse environmental, economic, socio-cultural and institutional contexts. With the MAB Strategy 2015–2025, the Lima Declaration 2016 and the Lima Action Plan 2016–2025, UNESCO BRs should develop fully into model regions for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 (SDGs) (United Nations 2015). Because of their varied contexts, the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves consists of different, but globally self-similar, fractal institutions. In article we emphasize the understanding, implementation and management of BRs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These three European democracies are examples of federally structured states with comparatively wealthy economies as well as high political stability. Respect for property rights, regional acceptance, decentralized decision-making, and micro- and macro-economic considerations have always played decisive roles in the development of BRs in the DACH countries. We aim to identify, analyse and discuss the distinct characteristics and peculiarities of BRs in this area. We investigate how the framework conditions of sustainability, as presented in the concept of BRs, are perceived, discussed and implemented. As a basis for our analysis, we use a sample of 18 peer-reviewed publications, which were published collectively as a book on BRs in the DACH countries (Borsdorf et al. 2020). The individual publications present overviews, case studies and in-depth investigations in the three countries. All authors were invited to participate in a meta-text analysis. This was conducted in the form of a survey, a transdisciplinary workshop with a reflective design using a virtual whiteboard, and a concluding feedback loop. The results of the qualitative exploration are interpreted against the background of international comparisons and recent scholarly discussions. Based on the assumption that different types of ambigui-ties and conflicts are inherently a key element of the BR concept, we conclude that the DACH countries may have found specific ways to deal with and overcome these differences.


The driving force of the cooling crystallization process is supersaturation, where the supersaturation level during the crystallization process is crucial to grow the crystal sufficiently. Nucleation and crystal growth rates are two concurrent phenomena occurring during crystallization. Both are supersaturation functions that determine the growth of seed crystals and the formation of fine crystals. Trade-offs between nucleation and crystal growth are essential for achieving the large size of seed crystals with the minimum number of fine crystals. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of nucleation and crystal growth rates on final product quality, which is crystal size distribution (CSD). Modeling of the crystallization process using a potash alum case study is highlighted and simulated using Matlab software. Then, the effects of nucleation rate, crystal growth rate, and both nucleation and crystal growth rates on CSD are evaluated using local sensitivity analysis based on the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. Based on simulation results for all strategies, a low combined rate delivers the best performance of the final CSD compared to others. Its primary peak has a mean crystal size of 455 µm with 0.0078 m3/m volume distribution. This means that the grown seed crystals are large with high volume distribution compared to the nominal strategy, which is at the mean crystal size of 415 µm and 0.00434 m3/m. Meanwhile, the secondary peak has the mean crystal size of 65 µm, 0.00028 m3/m in volume distribution. This corroborates the least number of fine crystals at the considerably small size compared to nominal's (0.00151 m3/m, 35 µm). Overall, the low nucleation and crystal growth rates strategy provides useful insights into designing temperature profiles during the linear cooling crystallization process, whereby achievable supersaturation levels in obtaining large crystals with fewer crystal fines are provided via simulation.


A prong for use in nasal ventilation therapies featuring a dome-shaped resilient flexible foam member that locates in the nostril socket, more effectively distributing sealing contact pressure for a range of nose morphologies, akin to a ball and socket. A nasal cannula 20 extending from base 22 through spherical foam sleeve 23 provides a stiffened lumen for ventilation gas transport. Foam member 23 may have a compressible flange 24, which elastically engages with a nostril's internal sill feature. The foam member may have a second compressible flange 26 at its base, which shields the patient's skin from direct contact by the stiffer structure of the combination gas delivery device. Dissimilarly sized or shaped or rotationally oriented left-right prong halves may be combined. The foam member may be divided at the midline, along a thinned section 27. A plurality of foam prongs may be packed on to a common carrier (42, see figures 12, 13) and have a detachable selection gauge (36, see figure 13) or information instrument.


The oldest and largest communal society in North America, the Hutterites - Anabaptists of German origin, like the Amish - have long been the subject of scholarly study and popular curiosity. This work tells the story of the Hutterite beginnings in their original homelands, particularly in Tyrol and Moravia. By examining these origins, it reveals relationships among early Anabaptist sects. The book contains a biography of group founder Jacob Hutter, describing his struggle for group leadership, his efforts to save his followers from King Ferdinand's bounty hunters, and his ultimate capture and death by public execution in 1536. It also provides anecdotes about a number of figures, including Jacob Hutter's wife. It tells of arrest, of imprisonment and of torture, as well as of efforts to care for the orphans left behind by those put to death for their faith. And it describes the defensive measures taken by the victims of official terror, their underground organizations, their secret practices and religious beliefs. The book shows how three early Anabaptist orders relate to each other, then lays bare the developing hermeneutic on which they were based, offering an insight into worship practices of the earliest Anabaptists.


A proof of the vanishing of the third cohomology group of the Witt algebra with values in the adjoint module is given. Moreover, we provide a sketch of the proof of the one-dimensionality of the third cohomology group of the Virasoro algebra with values in the adjoint module. The proofs given in the present article are completely algebraic and independent of any underlying topology. They are a generalization of the ones provided by Schlichenmaier, who proved the vanishing of the second cohomology group of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra by using purely algebraic methods. In the case of the third cohomology group though, extra difficulties arise and the involved proofs are distinctly more complicated. The first cohomology group can easily be computed; we will give an explicit proof of its vanishing in the appendix, in order to illustrate our techniques.


A test of Geant4 simulation of electron backscattering recently published in this journal prompted further investigation into the causes of the observed behaviour. An interplay between features of geometry and physics algorithms implemented in Geant4 is found to significantly affect the accuracy of backscattering simulation in some physics configurations.


On the 21 of May, the Ministry of Planning, Land and Forest Management (RGB), the United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility officially launched the Coastal Protected Area Management Project in Nickerie. This three year initiative will promote the sustainable development of the Coastal Protected Area and the promotion of biodiversity through effective management and sustainable income generation.


Nowadays it is generally recognized that technology has a not inconsiderable role in organizational knowledge management, inasmuch as it provides new forms for holding and exchanging information and knowledge in intra and inter-organizational contexts. The potential of technological means is therefore emphasized as tools supporting the various organizational processes related to knowledge, and questions arise concerning their comparative or relative relevance for increased innovation and creativity. In a sample of 1275 individuals belonging to 50 Portuguese organizations, the use of technology plays an important part in terms of the organizational processes related to knowledge management, but this is limited above all to those which are formally instituted and based on knowledge of a mainly explicit nature. In addition, this chapter highlights the importance of management of organizational processes related to tacit knowledge, which emerges essentially from processes of social and discursive interaction involving organizational actors.


In high-speed data transmission environment,the basic encoding rules(BER) performance was mostly affected by the non-linear feature of transmission channel.Aiming at the non-linear feature brought by the power amplifier,the least mean square(LMS) algorithm based on infinite impulse response(ⅡR) nonlinear channel structure and the construction of ⅡR structure based on nonlinear channel transmission system model were researched.According to the model,the parameters of nonlinear equalizer were estimated from LMS algorithm based on ⅡR structure.The simulation result shows,the proposed ⅡR LMS algorithm can achieve more satisfying ED performance within a certain range of SNR and the inter symbol interference(ISI) of high-speed transmission channel can be inhibited effectively by adopting non-linear equalization techniques.


Citation: Augusto Sola., et al. "Evidence on the Effectiveness and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment for the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Newborns". EC Paediatrics 10.12 (2021): 120-131. 1General Director, Iberoamerican Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), USA 2Council Board, Iberoamerican Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), San Luis, Argentina 3Scientific Director, Iberoamerican Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), Research and Educational Department, Garrahan Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina


Maximilian Stieler* is a former Research Assistant at the Chair of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour at the University of Bayreuth and is now working in the industry. E-mail: stieler.research@ gmail.com. *Corresponding author Claas Christian Germelmann is Full Professor of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour at the University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95444 Bayreuth, Germany, Phone: +49/921 556 130, E-mail: c.c.germelmann@ uni-bayreuth.de. Actor Engagement Practices and Triadic Value Cocreation in the Team Sports Ecosystem


New, high-resolution spectrograms of the Voyager-2 radio observations at Uranus were produced from the original, six-second Planetary Radio Astronomy (PRA) data and these show a number of new features which were not obvious in previous versions. Among these new features are the detailed structure of the so-called broadband-bursty (b-bursty) emissions, unexpected sloping striations in the smooth high-frequency (SHF) component, and the overlap of these two components during the first rotation after closest approach. In addition, a slightly different planetary rotation rate from the b-bursty emissions, was found, and at the initial onset of the SHF component, what appears to be the shadow of a Uranian plasmasphere. These new spectrograms were prepared using a special dithering algorithm to show signal strengths as gray shadings, and the data were also manually cleaned to suppress noise and interference. This produced spectrograms of exceptional quality and certain details of their production on a stand-alone personal computer are also discussed.


Recently "nonylphenol" event in China's textile and assistant industry has aroused strong repercussions.Searching for the sticking point from the source of the problem is very important for the textile security.The safety problem of china's textile and dyeing assistants was elaborated.The reason of the problem and the problems of substitute of restricted or banned textile assistants were analyzed.It was pointed out that auxiliary industry must keep pace with the new development trend of market and legal constraints,accelerate the development of substitutes,produce environmental friendly assistants,green assistants,safe and secure assistants,and better serve the textile industry.


The redetermination with diffractometer data corroborates the results of a prior study [Busetti, Mammi, Signor & del Pra (1967). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1, 424-428] which was performed on the basis of 70 observed (hk0) and 38 observed (h0l) film reflections recorded with a microdensitometer. The bonding sphere around Pb in (C 6 H 5 ) 4 Pb is practically a regular tetrahedron with a maximum deviation of 0.8 o from the ideal angle and a mean value of 109.5 (2) o


Hourly observations were made on 159 Daphnia magna individually reared in manure-soil medium at 25° C. throughout their whole life span.The number of pre-adult instars varied from four to six, the most frequent number being five.The average longevity was approximately 960 hours or 17 instars.In general the duration of the instars increases with age. The pre-adult instars with the exception of the last require about a day, the final taking about 30 to 32 hours. Beginning with the first adult the instars last approximately two days and increase slightly with each instar.The number of young produced increases with each adult instar up to the fifth, followed by a decrease. The use of the number of young produced as an index of the general metabolic condition of a daphnid is analysed and believed justified.The brooding periods, i.e. the time between the deposition of eggs and their subsequent release as young, vary with the duration of the instars.The need for a more readily controllable and reproducible cultu...


Objective:To investigate the relationship between the distribution and quantity of memory T lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the densities of CD45RO+,CD11c+ and CD8+ cells in the tumor microenvironment of 60 gastric cancer cases.These densities were evaluated for associations with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival.Results:The density of memory T lymphocytes,dendritic cells (DCs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment was negatively correlated with regional lymph node metastasis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients in the high-density groups for CD45RO+T,CD11c+ (DCs),CD8+ T and CD45RO+TCD11c+ (DCs) CD8+ T had a significantly longer survival time than those in the corresponding low-density groups.Furthermore lymphatic metastasis,TNM stage and diameter of the primary tumor were correlated with the prognosis.In multivariate survival analysis, the density of CD45RO+ T cells and lymph node metastasis remained independent prognostic factors with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.437 (0.192-0.992) and 2.330 (1.136-4.779),respectively.Conclusion:Immunocyte density is predictive of lymph node metastasis.The density of CD45RO+T cells can be used as an independent prognostic factor.


iv CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW AND REVIEW OF CURRENT LITURATURE 1 1.a: Vignette 1 1.1: Overview 2 1.2: Defining Neopaganism and Eclectic Paganism 5 1.3: The Study of Religion in Anthropology 7 1.4: Community and Individuality 9 1.5: Language and Power 11 1.6: Feminist Spirituality 13 1.7: Religion in Context 16 CHAPTER 2: METHOD AND DESIGN 19 2.1: Project Design 19 2.2: Anthropological Study and Religious Scholarship 22 2.3: Cultural Relativism and Methodological Agnosticism 26 2.4: Theory and Interpretation 29 CHAPTER 3: RELIGION AS BODILY EXPERIENCE 32 3.1: Introduction 32 3.a: Vignette 33 3.2: Embodied Research, Embodied Religion 34 3.3: Experiencing the World Differently 40 3.b: Vignette 43 3.4: The Body in Nature 46 3.5: Descriptions and Infinite Digression 54 CHAPTER 4: LANGUAGE USE AND MEDIATION OF EXPERIENCE 56 4.1: Introduction 56 4.2: Linguistic Theory and the Negotiation of Experience 58 4.3: Language and Theology 62 4.4: Linguistic Appropriation 66 4.5: From Linguistic Adaptation to Misrepresentation 71 4.6: Speaking Across the Religious Divide 76


Leaf blight symptoms and abnormal defoliation were found on Stachys riederi var. japonica, a medicinal plant, grown at Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea in 2007. A foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae was isolated from infected leaf tissues. The symptoms observed on host plant were leaf blotching, discoloration and browning of tissues, tan-colored interveinal necrotic lesions and large dead patches of necrotic tissues. This is the first report of A. fragariae occurring on S. riederi var. japonica.


Fine-grained Address Space Randomization has been considered as an effective protection against code reuse attacks such as ROP/JOP. However, it only employs a one-time randomization, and such a limitation has been exploited by recent just-in-time ROP and side channel ROP, which collect gadgets on-the-fly and dynamically compile them for malicious purposes. To defeat these advanced code reuse attacks, we propose a new defense principle: instantly obsoleting the address-code associations. We have initialized this principle with a novel technique called virtual space page table remapping and implemented the technique in a system CHAMELEON. CHAMELEON periodically re-randomizes the locations of code pages on-the-fly. A set of techniques are proposed to achieve our goal, including iterative instrumentation that instruments a to-be-protected binary program to generate a re-randomization compatible binary, runtime virtual page shuffling, and function reordering and instruction rearranging optimizations. We have tested CHAMELEON with over a hundred binary programs. Our experiments show that CHAMELEON can defeat all of our tested exploits by both preventing the exploit from gathering sufficient gadgets, and blocking the gadgets execution. Regarding the interval of our re-randomization, it is a parameter and can be set as short as 100ms, 10ms or 1ms. The experiment results show that CHAMELEON introduces on average 11.1%, 12.1% and 12.9% performance overhead for these parameters, respectively.


A growing body of research reports that the spiritual care of patients not only contributes to their subjective sense of well-being, but also to less subjective measures of healing: shorter hospital stays, less nursing time, and less pain medication. 1 The challenge for physicians, we believe, is to broaden the bio-psychosocial model that currently prevails in mainstream Western medicine to include the realm of the spiritual. 2 Gaining expertise in this bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model requires that the physician claim a legitimate role in the spiritual assessment and care of patients. It particularly requires regular consultation with trained chaplains when spiritual needs outside the competence of the physician are identified, and/or ethical deliberation that will involve conversation with the patient's/family's religious tradition is indicated. Our focus is particularly on physicians' relationships with chaplains. Most referrals to chaplains traditionally come from nurses or social workers, with whom chaplains often share similar values, rather than from physicians, with whom there may be less overlap in approach. With the growing trend toward managed care, we believe that physicians will have increasing influence over the utilization of patient/family support services, including chaplains. At the same time, healthcare consumers increasingly desire wholistic care from their doctors. It is both timely and important for physicians to expand their awareness of the importance of spiritual and religious concerns to their patients, and to become adept at using chaplains as expert resources for consultation and referral. Physicians can assist this broadened focus for medical care in at least three ways: they can incorporate basic issues of spiritual and religious concern into their assessments of patients; they can consult with chaplains when they develop treatment plans that


Nurses must ensure their practice remains up to date and that they are aware of changes in the evidence base for managing depression. This two part unit on the updated National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guideline on depression outlines some of the main areas that were updated and the implications for nursing practice.


Replication in distributed environment has become increasingly popular due to its high degree of availability, fault tolerance and enhance the performance of a system. These advantages of replication are important because it enables organizations to provide users with access to current data where and when user needed at anytime or anywhere, even if the users are geographically remote. However, this way of data organization introduces low data consistency among replicas when changes are made during transactions. Therefore, a system to monitor data replication in distributed system environment arises. Read-One-Write- All Monitoring Synchronization Transaction System (ROWA-MSTS) has been developed to solve this problem. By using this system, it helps to monitor the replicated data distribution over multiple sites while maintaining the data consistency.


ABSTRACT Since the start of the Mediterranean refugee crisis in 2015, large numbers of migrants have been forced into the Italian accoglienza (reception) system, a muddled and ambiguous context describable as a camp. Based on our consultancy practice, we analyze the wide labeling of migrants – no matter their age, migratory journey, or family status – as ragazzi (boys/girls or kids), and what it reveals about the current Italian social imaginary: the effects of neoliberal emotional policies, the continuation of a colonialist mentality, the need for psychological defenses among staff, and the disempowerment of migrants in a camp-like institution.


Analytical method for solving inverse problem in magnetocardiology is presented. The suggested approach uses Fourier transform and eigen values and vectors method to define spatial location and magnetic moment components of a single magnetic dipole, which is considered to be source of weak magnetic field produced by human heart. The results of numerical solution of the inverse problem are presented. The analytical method and software developed are important for medical investigations of human heart and brain.


This dissertation will examine the figure of the governess in the Victorian Sensation Novels of the 1860s in order to determine if sensation fiction in this period was inevitably concerned with portraying the ungovernable side of femininity. The primary focus will be on the female protagonist in Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret, Wilkie Collins Armadale, Louisa May Alcott's 'Behind a Mask,' and Ellen Wood's East Lynne.1 The effects of the moral and social climate of the nineteenth century and the influence the historical governess had on these works will be examined. The hypothesis that Braddon, Collins, Alcott, and Wood use the governess to depict various forms of female non-conformity in order to comment on the limitations and injustices of the woman's position in a male dominated society will be considered, particularly in relation to the depiction of Victorian matrimony and the sexual double standard. Under discussion will be the liminal position of the governess and the way in which these villainous and deviant women use masquerade and their position in ways that tend towards deception. The motivation behind the actions of these transgressive females will also be discussed, particularly the significance of poverty and social position on their ungovernable behaviour, and the extent to which these texts and the governess figure can be seen as feminist will be explored. "


Recently in PNAS, Luo et al. (1) report the observation of heteroplasmic mixtures of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the blood of three unrelated patients suffering from different mitochondrial disorders. The affected mixed positions coincide with signature mutations of established haplogroups (2), suggesting that each mixture consists of a different pair of distinct and plausible mitotypes. Luo et al. (1) exclude sample mix-up and allochthonous contamination as the source for these observations by engaging two independent laboratories (and even using different sequencing technologies) that confirmed their results on newly drawn blood samples. mtDNA analysis revealed that some individuals in the pedigrees showed the same mixed patterns as the patients, while other …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: walther.parson{at}i-med.ac.at.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


This paper analyzes the effect of global expansion of transnational corporations and its effect on the security of Chinese enterprises and puts forward some strategic idea for ensuring their security. The conditions are premature for China to establish its own global multinationals and, therefore, efforts should be made to obtain experience by learning from prestigious international multinationals in the process of further opening- up and development, form trade organizations, improve trade management, standardize merging and purchase of enterprises, strengthen our own ability to cooperate and enhance our competitiveness. Some suggestions are offered to cope with the global expansion of transnational corporations and guarantee the security of Chinese enterprises.


The paper recommends a boiler positive burning witch result in the fire door burnt and the boiler abnormal operation witch are caused by incorrect selection of air ventilator.The author analyzes the reason and gives solution to ensure the normal and safe operation of the boiler set.


Along with other conventional methods of managing fisheries that have been largely successful in the North Pacific, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has adopted over a dozen closed areas in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska as of 1997. In May 1998, the National Marine Fisheries Service implemented essential fish habitat (EFH) provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act and developed draft recommendations for the identification of EFH for all fishery management plans (FMPs). In June 1998, the Council amended its five FMPs to identify EFH and other actions to encourage habitat conservation and enhancement. Also in 1998, the Council closed the Cape Edgecumbe pinnacles near Sitka, Alaska to all federal fishing and anchoring. The 3.1 nm area comprises two volcanic necks that support extremely high biodiversity and dense concentrations of marine fauna. For 1999 and beyond, the Council is requesting recommendations for additional habitat areas of particular concern (HAPC) from its scientific advisors and the public. While these closures and HAPCs may not meet precise definitions of marine reserves, they provide similar protection for many diverse marine species.


Truck drivers throughout the country are finding parking spots hard to come by when they need to sleep. A 1996 study for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) found a nationwide shortage of 28,400 truck parking spots in public rest areas, while some 85% of private truck stops polled report their facilities are "full" or "overflowing" at night. Truckers who cannot find parking spaces are forced to park illegally on shoulders or ramps, or to keep going and risk falling asleep behind the wheel. While no definitive figures are available on the number of truck crashes involving drowsy drivers, fatigue was voted the top concern at the FHWA's 1995 Truck and Bus Safety Summit. A 1996 FHWA study concluded that the nation needs another 28,400 truck parking spaces in public rest areas that would cost $489-629 million. Recent legislation allows states to use 100% federal funding to improve rest areas where the secretary of transportation deems a shortage of public and private facilities. To stimulate private investment as well, the National Association of Truck Stop Operators believes Congress should authorize incentives, such as low-interest loans or tax credits. A sidebar outlines how Iowa and Kentucky have tried to ease their truck-parking shortages.


Pour-Jafari and Farhud reported the fetal deaths and sex ratio among progenies of workers of operating rooms in hospitals of Hamadan (I). Offspring sex ratio in both groups (men and women workers) was lower than in the general population of Hamadan. They concluded that it seems probably, working in operating rooms of hospitals would lead to some genetic consequences. They believed that exposed chronically to waste anesthetic gases, even in low doses, would lead to induction of lethal recessive mutations on X-chromosomes (I). However, we believe that this is not the case. A characteristic that has been regarded as an important indicator of induced damage to the genetic material, is the sex ratio. If men alone are exposed to genotoxic agents, their relatively large Xchromosomes should be broken more frequently than their small V-chromosomes. Therefore, their Xchromosomes should carry induced lethal mutant alleles which some of them are dominant, in contrast to their Ychromosomes. Considering that, more female zygotes from these fathers should die than those from nonexposed fathers, and a higher than normal ratio of males to females would result. It should be mentioned that the data presented by Pour-Jafari and Farhud showed a decreased in offspring sex ratio of exposed men, compared with general population. If women alone are exposed, some of their X-chromosomes should be broken and some should carry induced lethal genes. This would result in greater harm to the hemizygous male zygotes than to the XX female zygotes, and the result would be a relative surplus of female births. Their data showed that the offspring sex ratio of exposed women did not decrease compared with the ratio of general population (I). Therefore, their data could not explain the damage of X-chromosome hypothesis. Several years ago Neel and SchulI's findings on the sex ratio in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which are the most extensive ones, at first gave rather strong support to the validity of the theoretical expectations; but inclusion of additional children, born after 1953, resulted in sex ratios, that did


The Irish in Britain in the post World War II period have been considered victims of the 'myth of homogeneity' where as a white population group their difference and the problems they have encountered in British society have been largely ignored. Consquently, they have been excluded from policies and discourses related to ethnic minorities in British society. This article will examine the reasons and the consequences of this 'invisibility' on the Irish in Britain.


Classification of terrain cover using polarimetric radar is an area of considerable interest and research. This paper describes the application of neural network approach to the classification of a fully polarimetric SAR image. The structure and connection weights of the network are decided based on the cascade correlation algorithm. The procedures are performed by interleaving the minimization of the total output error and the maximization of the correlation of the new inserted hidden unit with the residual error. While the training is stuck at a local minimum, it is possible that a useless unit will be permanently installed to the network. This problem can be solved partially by applying other optimization methods such as genetic algorithms. Experimental results showed that the proposed genetic learning method has higher classification rate and can create more compact networks, in terms of number of hidden nodes, than that of the standard cascade correlation algorithm.


Objective:To investigate the effect of prograf on remnant hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the liver receptors after liver transplantation for liver cancer,and to instruct the anti-rejection drug selection.Methods:MTT assay,RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of c-met and TGF-α in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cultured in vitro.Results:The expression of c-met and TGF-αin prograf group(at concentration of 5 μg/L) was much lower than that in the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Prograf can inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell.


Background: Myelinatecl retinal nerve fibres around the optic nerve head can lead to an enlargement of blind spot with kinetic perimetry. Presumably extensive myelination will also decrease the visual sensitivity with static perimetry. This study reports the effect of myelination on static perimetry in several patients. Scanning laser polarimetry can measure the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness around the optic nerve head in vivo. This technique was applied at the myelination to investigate its effect on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness determination.


This paper reviews descriptive and quasi-experimental studies on the intervention programme developed for school health nurses in different activities they perform in the school environment. The review was as a result of the need to conduct an integrative review of intervention programmes developed for school health nurses on guiding adolescents about their reproductive health. However, there is a dearth of studies on this particular area, and this prompted the authors to expand the scope to cover the intervention programme developed for school health nurses in other areas of concern. Two review questions were raised which prompted the search for articles to provide necessary answers. Computerized database, ancestry and extensive search strategies by titles of research reported in English between 2000 and 2015 located diverse intervention programmes. A total of 1980 articles were retrieved from which 11 were reviewed after series of filtering based on titles, abstracts, full texts, and duplicates had taken place. A broad range of intervention programmes were reported. The key elements common in all the intervention programmes include: knowledge of the content and skill enhancement, skills in interpersonal communication, the use of role plays, small group discussions, and lectures as a means of communicating messages to the participants, and resources such as facilitators. The intervention outcomes showed that there was enhancement in skills and knowledge of school health nurses in the various areas after workshops and seminars had taken place.


The relationship between defense enzyme and the Rhizomania resistance(tolerance)in sugarbeet was studied by the method of comparative physiology,the results showed that SOD,LOX and MAD were concerned with Rhizomania resistance, especially,the SOD activity of resistant varieties in sick(infested) soil was higher than that of in sickless soil,but that of sensitive varieties was on the contrary, it indicated that the resistant varieties had more power to clear active oxygen, so the SOD activity could be used as a physiological index to choose varieties with high Rhizomania resistance.


With this study we're trying to bolster up the idea that digitization of information combined with the Internet is a form of general purpose technology, which rose a wide range of new possible combinations that could be provided by the digital economy. The impact of the digital economy over societies can be seen and recognized even if only part of it is measurable. The effects of digitalization the economy are seen more in the new activities and products than the productivity.


The influence of dose and dose rate on the life-shortening effectiveness of 1-MeV neutrons, 5-MeV neutrons, 250 kVp X-rays, and60 Co γ-rays was investigated in RF mice. Male and female mice were ex...


Absolute jump rates for cation-vacancy interchanges in MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO are calculated from a set of model inter-ionic potentials. Internal energies and vibrational entropies over a wide range of temperatures (i.e. at expansions which within the models correspond to these temperatures in the quasi-harmonic approximation) are evaluated and, from these, migration enthalpies and pre-exponential frequency factors are deduced. Correlations between these two diffusion parameters for the family of oxides are investigated.


For 48 V mild hybrid vehicles, a sub-0.5 W, 48 V-to-5 V dc–dc converter fulfilling: 1) high efficiency with small volume; 2) constant switching frequency of less than 500 kHz to avoid the frequency band of AM radio; and 3) constant output voltage (VOUT) against the sudden drop of input battery voltage (VIN) under cold cranking is required. To meet the requirements, a 0.55 W, 88%, 78 kHz, 48 V-to-5 V Fibonacci hybrid (FH) dc–dc converter IC using 66 mm3 of passive components is proposed. In the FH dc–dc converter, by adding an inductor and an output capacitor to a 1/5 Fibonacci switched-capacitor (SC) dc–dc converter, the SC dc–dc converter also works as a buck converter without adding power transistors. When VIN drops from 48 V to 20 V in 1 ms in the automotive cold cranking, the FH dc–dc converter cannot keep 5-V VOUT, because the output voltage of the internal 1/5 SC dc–dc converter drops from 9.6 to 4 V and the internal buck converter cannot generate 5-V VOUT from 4 V. To solve the problem, a new control method named automatic change of converter topology and duty ratio (ACCD) is proposed. In ACCD, when VIN drops less than 31 V, the converter topology automatically changes from 1/5 SC dc–dc converter to 1/3 SC dc–dc converter and the duty ratio of the pulsewidth modulation signal automatically decreases 3/5 times, thereby achieving the constant 5-V VOUT under cold cranking. To reduce the volume of the FH dc–dc converter, all transistors and diodes, including ten power transistors, gate drivers, bootstrap circuits, and the controller, are fully integrated on 4.6 mm × 2.3 mm IC fabricated with 180 nm BCD process. In the measurements, the proposed 0.55 W, 48 V-to-5 V FH dc–dc converter IC achieved the highest efficiency (88%) with the smallest volume of passive components (66 mm3) at the lowest switching frequency (78 kHz) compared with previous publications.


The aim of this paper is to present a diachronic journey through positions enunciated all over Ancient History about limits between forms of monarchy, kingdom and tyranny, with a shallow display of their farther changes. Within the varied forms of personal power, classical writers tend to define as tyranny those lean on the people, but all over the History such a perspectives test many modulations.


Objective To investigate the extubated timing in acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients.Methods Seventy-five patients with mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning were divided into early group (34 cases) and late group (41 cases) by extubation time.Mechanical ventilation time,ICU retention time,tracheal intubation time,ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence and extubation success rate of both groups were observed.Results The mechanical ventilation time,ICU retention time between two groups showed no significant difference [(110.66±28.59)h vs.(114.47±34.21)h,(140.63±28.52)h vs.(138.44±34.74) h,P>0.05].The tracheal intubation time in late group was significantly longer than that in early group [(135.27 ± 28.84) h vs.(119.03 ± 35.05) h,P < 0.05],but the VAP incidence was nostatistically significant difference between two groups [29.27% (12/41) vs.20.59% (7/34),P > 0.05].The success rate of extubation in late group was significantly higher than that in early group [97.56% (40/41) vs.79.41% (27/34),P < 0.05].Conclusion Delayed extubation can significantly improve the chances of successful extubation,and no increase in VAP risk and more secure in acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients.

Key words:
Acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning;  Endotracheal intubation;  Extubation


.................................................................................................................... iv Approval Page........................................................................................................... vi Declaration Page .....................................................................................................viii Approval Page........................................................................................................... vi Dedication Page .......................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements..................................................................................................xii List of Tables .......................................................................................................... xvi List of Figures .......................................................................................................xviii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem......................................................................................... 10 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................ 15 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 17 Significance of the Study ......................................................................................... 19 Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................ 21 Definition of the Terms............................................................................................ 22 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ......................................... 23 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 23 Structure of the Review of Literature of Academic Intrinsic Motivation and Related Constructs ................................................................................................................ 24 Critical Assessment of Reviewed Literature............................................................ 25 General Overview .................................................................................................... 25 Intrinsic Motivation ............................................................................................. 26 Types of Intrinsic Motivation .............................................................................. 36 Goals Orientation (Mastery, Performance and Work-Avoidance) ...................... 38 Self-Determination (Autonomy, Relatedness and Self-Efficacy)........................ 44 Perceived Value ................................................................................................... 50 Religious Motives ................................................................................................ 54 Gender and Intrinsic Motivation.......................................................................... 57 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 59 Methodological Analysis of Empirical Studies on Intrinsic Motivation and its Predictors ................................................................................................................. 60 Description of the Subjects and Setting ............................................................... 61 Sampling Procedures of the Reviewed Studies.................................................... 63 Sample Size.......................................................................................................... 64 Statistical Techniques, Statistical Assumptions, Effect Size, Analysis of Statistical Power of the Reviewed Studies ............................................................................... 83 Validity and Reliability of Reviewed Studies' Instruments..................................... 85 Implication of Intrinsic Motivation and its Predictors for Educational Theory and Practice..................................................................................................................... 86 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................... 88 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 88 Methods for the Study.............................................................................................. 88


The recruitment and control of migrant labor are integral elements of state developmental strategies in East and Southeast Asia (Athukorala 2006). Many countries in these regions rely on a large number of migrant workers primarily from Asia, while enacting policies to prevent particularly low-skilled migrants gaining citizenship or long-term residency status. Hence the term "guest-worker policies" is used to denote wide-ranging efforts to prevent migrants who are perceived to possess no advanced skills from becoming citizens or long-term residents. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is an exception to this, as it continues to apply strict migration controls on its domestic "rural workers" that share similar characteristics with guest-worker policies in other Asian states. These characteristics are:

Keywords:

labor;
labor supply;
development;
poverty;
Asia


Clinical
use of Morphine in pain management is a controversial issue and long-term
exposure to opiates induces physical dependency and tolerance. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the attenuation effects of Magnesium sulfate and
Amitriptyline on the development of Morphine-induced dependency and tolerance. Methods:
In this study different groups of mice were received saline (10 mL/kg,ip),
Morphine (50 mg/kg,ip), Magnesium sulfate (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg,ip),
Amitriptyline (5, 10 and 15 or 20 mg/kg,ip), or combination of Magnesium
sulfate (20 mg/kg,ip) and Amitriptyline (5 mg/kg,ip) once a day for 4 and 10
continues days, respectively for investigation of the effects of Magnesium
sulfate and Amitriptyline on the prevention of dependency and tolerance. Tolerance
was assessed by administration of Morphine (9 mg/kg,ip) and using hot plate
test on eleventh day. Withdrawal symptoms were assessed in fifth day by
administration of naloxone (4 mg/kg,ip), 2 hrs after last dose of Morphine
during 30 minutes for each animal. Results: It was found that
pretreatment with Magnesium sulfate or Amitriptyline decreased the development
of tolerance to the antinociceptive action of Morphine and also reduced
naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumps and standing on feet. Additionally,
pretreatment by co-administration of Magnesium sulfate and Amitriptyline,
before morphine administration, decreased the dependency and tolerance more
significantly. Conclusion: From these results it could be
concluded that pretreatment of Magnesium sulfate via blocking the
N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor-operated calcium channel and Amitriptyline by
Glutamate transporter activation property alone or in combination could prevent
the development of Morphine-induced dependency and tolerance.


Rabbit meat (either from game or domesticated) is p reserved by smoking over fire from wood for future use but this traditional method of preservation adversely affect the quality of the fi nal product. This study was designed to determine the suitability and effective ness of locally constructed solar panels in drying rabbit meat at the Department of A gricultural Engineering and Mechanisation of the University of Education, Winneba (Mampong-Ashanti campus). Sixteen New Zealand White Rabbits (six months old) of mean live weights 2,215±8 g were dressed and split into four quarters and dried in six different constructed solar panels. Temperature rec ordings in the solar panels were higher (ranged between 27.75 o C to 45.40 o C) than the open air or ambient which recorded between 26.25 o C to 37.00 o C. Smoking of four quarters of rabbit meat served as the control experiment. Proximate analysi s revealed that solar dried rabbit meat on dry basis contained 9.24 to 15.42% moisture, 72.39 to 77.01% protein, 10.36 to 11.24% fat and 1.79 to 3.49% ash. The low moisture content of the dried meat in the solar panels in five days is an indication of the effectiveness of the solar panels in drying rabbit meat. Bacteria identified and isolated were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus spp and Salmonella spp . The total viable count of dried rabbit meat was 3.395 log 10 cfu/g. The total viable mould count of 3.015 log 10 cfu/g on dried meat was an indication that the drie d meat was wholesome for consumption. Eight (8) trained panellists evaluated the organoleptic properties of the dried rabbit meat for various attributes such a s colour, aroma, juiciness, texture,


The extensive use of computer database system in information management can not only improve the level of comprehensive management, but also gradually expand the scope of influence of computer database system. Because the computer database system is easy to expand, high sharing, structured storage and other characteristics, so in the application of information management, we must consider the security problem, only in this way to fully show the application value of the computer database system. According to this paper, on the basis of understanding the current situation of information management and the structure of computer database system, the distributed database management mode is put forward, and the future development direction is clarified from the current information management perspective.


The present study attempts to examine the effect of loneliness on self esteem of high school boys and girls, and to see if there is any gender difference existing in the feeling of loneliness and level of self esteem among high school boys and girls. The sample for the study comprised of 120 high school students, out of which 60 were boys and 60 were girls between the age range of 11 to 14 years. Test materials used to assess loneliness and self esteem among high school boys and girls are Daniel W.Russell's UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) and Self Esteem Inventory, the school short form developed by Coopersmith, 1967. Obtained data is analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test. Results revealed that that there is a significant relationship between feeling of loneliness and level of self esteem among high school boys. Where as for the high school girls there is found to be no significant relationship between feeling of loneliness and level of self esteem. With respect to finding the gender difference in feeling of loneliness it is seen that there is no significant difference among high school boys and girls. Similarly the findings for gender difference in the level of self esteem it is seen that there is no significant difference among high school boys and girls.


During communication, volume changes, noise, and reverberation can disturb speech signals, significantly affecting the quality and intelligibility of speech. In the context of the ICASSP 2023 Signal Processing Grand Challenge, the first Speech Signal Improvement Grand Challenge (SIG) is organized to improve the quality of speech signals during communication. This paper proposes half-temporal and half-frequency attention U2Net for improving full-band speech signal. Channel-spectrum attention is proposed for the skip connection between the encoder and decoder. The proposed model achieves 0.353, 1.289, 0.604, 0.625, and 0.924 improvements in signal, noise, overall, reverberation, and loudness, respectively, in the SIG subjective test. The proposed model achieved fourth place in the SIG real-time track, showing excellent denoising and de-reverberation performance.


The Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line is a recent addition to the rail infrastructure of Bangkok. This article refers to tunnel ventilation for the Metropolitan Rapid Transit Authority (MRT) Underground Structures South (UGS), which runs for 11 km from Hua Lamphong to Rama IX. There are nine underground stations in the UGS linked by twin bore running tunnels of grade not exceeding 3.5%; they vary in length from approximately 600 m up to 1.5 km. Three running tunnels exceed 1 km and subsequently use Intervention (IV) Shafts for mid-tunnel excavation. Tunnel ventilation systems are provided to enable removal of heat during congested conditions and smoke during a fire emergency, so that the underground environment can be maintained for comfort and safety. The main elements of this tunnel ventilation system consist of draught relief shafts located at the ends of each station box close to running tunnel entrances, and intervention shafts located on the three longest running tunnels. Dedicated tunnel ventilation fans located in the station boxes have direct connections to the draught relief shafts for use during congested and emergency operations. When mechanical ventilation is required, the tunnel ventilation fans operate in a 'push-pull' mode. Damper arrangements permit the induced airflow to be entirely directed along the required tunnel(s).


The legal humanitarian regime, set out in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, strives to alleviate human suffering through the provision of emergency goods and services, such as food supplies, water, temporary shelter, and medical treatment. This thesis examines how international non-government organizations (INGOs) contribute to the contestation of this regime in political emergencies, the effects of this contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation. The thesis develops an analytical framework for understanding the nature and functioning of the legal humanitarian regime, and argues that INGO contestation occurs through the two processes of regime interpretation and regime implementation. It then goes on to identify the substantive content and effects of contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation of the regime, through a detailed study of the policies and practices of CARE, Medecins Sans Frontiers, Oxfam, and World Vision, in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, from 1990-2010. The thesis argues that contestation has constitutive effects, as it re-defines the meaning of the formal humanitarian regime, and the underlying rules and norms that specify the regime's function, scope, and operating principles. Contestation also has causal effects, as it can make INGOs participants in the conflict, eroding thereby the basis on which they negotiate access and their ability to respond to humanitarian needs, and the security of their staff. It has also facilitated the subordination of humanitarian assistance by donor states and combatants to their political and security objectives. INGO identity - expressed in terms of the constituent rules and norms that define INGO membership, their mandate and goals, and the manner in which they distinguish themselves from other actors - is argued to be a necessary factor for explaining INGO contestation. The focus on identity highlights the agency of INGOs in shaping the humanitarian regime and demonstrates that INGOs are not simply at the mercy of more powerful actors or external constraints.


The change in human mindset in marketing products departs from the rapid development of communication and information technology, and at this time the world leads to online services. This study departs from the initial observations of researchers related to MSMEs in The City of Bandung which is so much accompanied by good government attention. UMKM data recorded in the office of micro and medium enterprises cooperatives in the city of Bandung amounted to 6140 people, thus showing that the city of Bandung became the center of young business people. The number of MSMEs that are so much needed a proper and effective marketing communication so that the products offered can be in demand by consumers. Departing from some of these images this research reveals the marketing methods of MSMEs, and describes the form of marketing communication of MSMEs through online media. Based on the theme raised in this study, researchers set the research method using qualitative method with deskrptif approach. The results of this study describe that marketing methods are done online and offline, from these two methods online marketing is considered more effective because it can reach consumers widely with relatively affordable promotional costs. The form of marketing communication of MSMEs is seen based on the type of business, but in general hamir is the same as giving information about the advantages of products offered, and differences with similar products.


Significance Membrane protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and mitochondria requires specialized machinery to ensure the appropriate localization of proteins, which is important for defining organelle identity. Additional specificity is provided by sensing and degrading proteins that are mistargeted to an inappropriate compartment. One class of membrane proteins, which contain a hydrophobic segment at their extreme C terminus (called tail-anchored proteins), are prone to be mistargeted; however, how cells cope with this burden is unknown. In this work, we identify a conserved ATPase of the outer mitochondrial membrane, Msp1, which we propose functions as an extraction engine to remove and initiate degradation of an inappropriately targeted tail-anchored protein. In this way, Msp1 serves to enhance the fidelity of protein localization. The accuracy of tail-anchored (TA) protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the Guided Entry of Tail-Anchored (Get) protein targeting machinery. The fate of TA proteins that become inappropriately inserted into other organelles, such as mitochondria, is unknown. Here, we identify Msp1, a conserved, membrane-anchored AAA-ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) that localizes to mitochondria and peroxisomes, as a critical factor in a quality control pathway that senses and degrades TA proteins mistargeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Pex15 is normally targeted by the Get pathway to the ER, from where it travels to peroxisomes. Loss of Msp1 or loss of the Get pathway results in the redistribution of Pex15 to mitochondria. Cells lacking both a functional Get pathway and Msp1 accumulate increased amounts of Pex15 on the OMM and display severely dysfunctional mitochondrial morphology. In addition, Msp1 binds and promotes the turnover of a Pex15 mutant that is misdirected to the OMM. Our data suggest that Msp1 functions in local organelle surveillance by extracting mistargeted proteins, ensuring the fidelity of organelle specific-localization of TA proteins.


Milne's thr~e-point integration method uses a fixed integration step size, chosen to satisfy convergence and truncation error conditions at the worst possible point in the integration interval. Usually this step size is too small in most sections of the interval. In this paper, Milne's method is extended to it~l allow the use of a variable step size, the step being adiusted according to the conditions in the immediate neighborhood of the integration point. This method has the advantage of using the largest step consistent with convergence and accuracy requirements. In two applications of this method on a high-speed digital computer, it is estimated that the computing time required for Milne's lli method with a fixed step size would have been from 16 to 256 times greater than for the method described here.


In this paper I evaluate the theoretical and normative validity of Arendt's idea of a public sphere. My discussion is organised under three related headings. First, an exploration of the theme of 'plurality' in Arendt's work. This is connected, second, with a distinctive account of the role of 'representation' in political life. Third, the relation between ethics and politics, and the particular normativity of Arendt's concept of politics. Finally, I go on to a consideration of how Arendt's scheme of plurality and public political life draw our attention to the themes of political capacity and resistance, risk and public encounter, and an account of the frictional, indeed rebarbative, nature of politics. The aim of the paper is to make clear that these themes remain significant for current debates about participatory deficits and about standards of public conduct.


In the history of philosophy there have been two recurrent contrasting conceptions of what it is to be human. One we may call Aristotelian and the other Cartesian. (Both can trace their ancestry to the polymorphous Plato). According to Aristotle, a human being is an animal of a particular kind: a rational animal. According to Descartes a human person is a spirit of a particular kind, temporarily and mysteriously united to a body. I accept the Aristotelian account and regard the Cartesian account as fundamentally mistaken. In sceptical vein, Descartes believed that he could doubt the existence of the external world and the existence of his own body. He brought his doubt to an end with the famous argument "cogito, ergo sum – I think, therefore I am." This led to the question "What am I?" Descartes' answer was that he was a substance whose whole essence or nature was to think, and whose being required no place and depended on no material thing. He was an immortal mind, linked to a mortal body which was a particularly elaborate machine. To Descartes' question my own, Aristotelian, answer is that I am a human being, a living body of a certain kind. We sometimes speak as if we have bodies, rather than are bodies. But having a body, in this natural sense, is not incompatible with being a body; it does not mean that there is something other than my body that has my body. Just as my body has a head, a trunk, two arms and two legs, but is not something over and above the head, trunk, arms, and legs, so I have a body but am not something over and above the body. As well as a body, I have a mind: that is to say I have various psychological capacities, including especially an intellect and a will. The intellect is the capacity to acquire and exercise intellectual abilities of various kinds, such as the mastery of language and the possession of objective information. The will is the capacity for the free pursuit of goals formulated by the intellect. Intellect and will are not themselves independent en-


The answer lies in the ecumenical movements commitment to the struggle for a just, participatory and sustainable society. Justice both in its aspect of equitable distribution and its broader aspect of the pattern of relationships among human beings is necessarily affected by TNC's because they are the largest and most powerful economic units in the present world economy. Participation is affected just as much economic decisions on what to produce, for whom, how and on the nature of workplace structures or relationships are central to meaningful participation. Sustainability both in the sense of stewardship of God's creation and in that of human acceptability of social and economic structures is to a large extent determined by questions of economic manage ment and organisation.


Lack of economic resources, poor health structure and misperception relating to promulgation of stringent lockdown measures, as well as attitude of different segments of a heavily polarised society added to the impediments in the critical phase of this pandemic in Pakistan. The country lives on meagre per capita income of around $1500 and the virus is rapidly spreading in a country that hosts 220 million people. The government continues to run with debits and deficits and is desperately trying its best to mitigate adverse effects of the pandemic. The fear of job loss is projected around 18 million due to the current pandemic. This paper deals with variables such as public response to the lockdown measures and the difficulties of drawing service responses from a bleeding health system. Additionally, the current paper examines some baseline factors that contributed to the lack of cooperation from the masses such as religious leadership, profiteers and other pressure groups that seem to shape the public opinion of those who are easy to lead, hence gullible. The paper is based on qualitative data and is supplemented by electronic, print and social media, online interviews and our own lived experience in this pandemic, along with personal observations. The findings of the paper are that poor participation of the public in accepting the lockdown was possibly instigated by the nexus of polarising segments within the society and it also revealed absence of choice between life and livelihoods in Pakistan during the pandemic amidst the sagas of coping of commoners.


A new species of the genus Myrmecina Curtis, M. pauca sp. nov., is described. The new species is similar to M. graminicola (Latreille), but can be distinguished from the latter by its 11-segmented antennae, scape cylindrical at base, more strong longitudinal rugulae on the dorsum of alitrunk, especially the one running throughout the middle of the dorsum. Furthermore, the 11-segmented antennae can separate the new species from all known Myrmecina species in the world.


Purpose: The purpose of this work is to describe the peculiarities of clinical and radiological behavior in SCCs arising from odontogenic cyst (PIOSCC). Material & methods: Our computer based records were retrospectively reviewed looking for patients who underwent radical surgery for PIOSCC from December 2001 to January 2016 with a minimum post-operative follow-up of 2 years. Information obtained from radiological findings and treatment outcome were collected.


Enrolment and graduation rates are regarded as important indices that can be used to measure the growth and development of higher institutions, be it private or public. It is on this premise that this study assessed the students' enrolment and graduation rates in Al-Hikmah University and its implication for the management. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. In order to provide answers to the research questions, secondary data were collected that consists of number of students' enrolment from 2006–2019. Also, number of students that graduated were obtained from 2009–2019. Data collected were analysed using descriptive method. Findings of the study revealed high students' enrolment from 2006 to 2020. Specifically, the highest enrolment in the university was in 2019 where it had 2793 at undergraduate level while 288 students were admitted in the year 2020 at postgraduate level. On graduation rate, findings showed that in the 2015/2016, 874 students graduated from the university, been the highest number of graduands ever recorded at undergraduate level while 64 postgraduate students were graduated in the year 2017/2018 session, been the highest number since the inception of the university. Based on the foregoing, the study concludes that enrolment and graduation rates are key determinants of school success. The study recommends that there is need for recruitment of agents to assist the  university in sourcing for students that are yearning for admission. The  agents to be recruited must be remunerated based on number of students they bring to the  university; this will increase their recruitment drive. Lastly, there is need for downward review of the school fees so as to increase the enrolment of students.


Two sensors based on sulfur-doped graphene, a gold nanoparticle paste modified with 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl chloride)-21H,23H-iron (III) porphyrin, were proposed for the determination of R-limonene in beverages (triple sec liqueur and limoncello). Differential pulse voltammetry was the method used to characterize and validate the proposed sensors. The response characteristics showed that the detection limits for both sensors were 3 × 10−6 mol L−1, while the quantification limits were 1 × 10−5 mol L−1. Both sensors can be used to determine R-limonene in a concentration range between 1 × 10−5–6 × 10−4 mol L−1 for TPP/AuNPs-S-Gr and 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−3 mol L−1 for Fe(TPFPP)Cl/AuNPs-S-Gr. The highest sensitivity (0.7068 µA/mol L−1) was recorded when the TPP/AuNPs-S-Gr sensor was used, proving that the electrocatalytic effect of this electrocatalyst is higher compared to that of Fe(TPFPP)Cl/AuNPs-S-Gr. High recoveries (values greater than 99.00%) and low RSD values (%) (below 5.00%) were recorded for both sensors when used to determine R-limonene in triple sec liqueur and limoncello.


This study was conducted to determine the relationship between land cover condition and regional microclimate at 288 weather observation points in Japan for the past 30 years. The points were classified and the degree on the temperature rise extracted from the difference in land cover change. The results showed that in the period between 1985 to 2000, the temperature rose at a rate of 0.008 C per year. In the period between 2000 and 2014, the temperature rose at a rate of 0.002 C per year.


This paper consists on the integration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) stack in an embedded system specifically in the transport applications. The fuel cell is characterised by a low-voltage high-current electrical power device. Therefore, it is obvious that a dedicated power interface is necessary to adapt and fix voltage and current levels accordingly to the application requirements. In our case, the power conversion will be done by a high-frequency-transformer-based DC/DC converter. Our work is focused on a theoretical and practical study of this converter. Control of the whole system is done through a digital signal processor controller. We will also focus on the association of fuel cell stacks with converters and their coupling interests.


A range of dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes has displayed very high catalytic activities and exquisite selectivity. The dioxidomolybdenum(VI) mononuclear complexes with 4-aminobenzoylhydrazone ligands (salicylaldehyde (H2L1), 3- methoxysalicylaldehyde (H2L2), or 4- methoxysalicylaldehyde 4-aminobenzoylhydrazone (H2L3) being of the type cis-[MoO2L1-3(D)] ; D = MeOH, EtOH, H2O, dmf] have been prepared and structurally characterized. The crystal structure analysis of mononuclear complexes (Fig.1.) reveals distorted octahedral Mo(VI) coordination by ONO donor atoms from dianionic tridentate 4- aminobenzoylhydrazone ligands, two oxido oxygen atoms from the MoO22+ moiety and the oxygen atom from coordinated alcohol molecules (D = MeOH, EtOH).The molybdenum oxido groups of the MoO22+ moiety show the expected mutual cis configuration and are located trans to the imine nitrogen atom and coordinated alcohol molecule. The bond distances range around Mo follows trend: Mo-Ot < Mo-O(phenolate) < Mo- O(hydrazone part) < Mo-N< MoO(ROH ; R=Me, Et). The bicyclic system of two chelate rings is slightly folded along the axis of molybdenum- imino bond and by the offset of metal centre apart from chelate planes towards the terminal oxygen atom. The most deviation from chelate rings coplanarity is shown by the phenolate oxygen atom due to its participation in intermolecular interactions. The complexes were tested for catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene under eco-friendly reaction conditions by using aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. Due to trans effect of oxido oxygen atom, Mo-O(D) bond is the longest bond distance within molybdenum coordination sphere and it expected to be the point of maximum catalytic reactivity of the complexes. It is previously shown that pentacoordinated molybdenum systems activate oxidizing agent TBHP through adduct formation assisted by the O–H…O hydrogen bond. Another explanation of the substituent influence is p-π conjunctive effect with methoxy group due to increasing electron density of the phenyl ring.


By comparing the regenerative ball with the honeycomb ceramics with respect to their thermal storage properties,guidelines for selecting thermal storage materials for regenerative furnace was put forward.Accordingly,the newly developed high-performance regenerative ball,the compound regenerative burner,and the pre-fabricated light-weight suspended furnace roof with high strength were presented.


Technology has positively contributed to the creation of financial markets and the facilitation of payments globally. The effective use of robust technology could enhance the consistent enforcement of financial market laws by curbing financial crimes in any country. This in turn would enhance the integrity of financial markets and promote the viability of financial markets. In relation to this, it appears that Zimbabwe has struggled to comply with international measures to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) since it has poor financial market laws which are inconsistently enforced due inter alia to its poor money laundering detection mechanisms and inadequate resources. For instance, Zimbabwe has to date failed to make satisfactory progress to adopt and enforce adequate risk mitigation measures against money laundering practices in accordance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. This is evidenced by the increased incidence of money laundering in Zimbabwean financial markets. Furthermore, the inconsistent enforcement of financial market laws has resulted in poor liquidity and the recent suspension of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). The viability and integrity of the Zimbabwean financial market has thus been compromised. This article discusses the integration and use of robust technology in the Zimbabwean financial market to curb financial crimes such as money laundering and bank fraud. The adequacy of financial market laws and/or regulations will also be discussed vis-a-vis their consistent enforcement by relevant bodies such as the Financial Intelligence Inspectorate Evaluation Unit (FIU) in Zimbabwe. This is done to evaluate the use of technology to curb money laundering and promote a viable economy and financial market in Zimbabwe. It is submitted that the relevant authorities should promote the effective use of technological inventions like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to curb money laundering, bank fraud and other related financial crimes in Zimbabwe.


Investigation of differences in psychic functioning of women with history of hysterectomy with adnexectomy due to uterus myoma, women who were treated with metotrexate due to the same illness and the group of women who are in physiological perimenopause. The population of 120 women was divided in three equal groups of 40. The first group consisted of women with history of hysterectomy with adnexectomy due to uterus myoma, the second group consisted of women who were treated with metotrexate due to the same illness and the third group consisted of women in physiological perimenopause. The Hamilton Scales were used for evaluation of depression and anxiety (HAMD and HAMA, 1960). The t-test, the Kruskal-Walis test and the Mann-Whytny test were used in statistical processing. The usage of ANOVA on HAMD scale scores is shown in listed groups of patients. Achieved result p=0.001, shows that there is statistically significant difference in levels of depression between groups. The result is confirmed by Mann-Whytny test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0,0001).The usage of ANOVA in HAMA scale scores in investigated groups. Achieved result p=0.002, shows that there is statistically significant difference in levels of anxiety.The result is confirmed by Mann-Whytny test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0,000). Significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety were registered in hysterectomized women compared to women from other groups. There is no significant difference in levels of anxiety and depression between the group of women treated with methotrexate and the group of those in physiological perimenopause. Hysterectomy with adnexectomy influences negatively on woman's later quality of life. This surgical procedure increases the risk of developing dysfunction in psychic sphere. In most of the hysterectomized women the process of inner-psychic suffering reaches the level of fullblown depression. Significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety were registered in population of women who were in physiological perimenopause, and also in population of those who were treated conservatively with metotrexate due to uterus myoma. From the aspect of mental health, the advantage of conservative treatment of uterus myoma compared to surgery is obvious.


Four new Cuban species of the family Acanthodrilidae are described from west (Protozapotecia angelesae sp.nov.), center (Protozapotecia centralis sp.nov., Protozapotecia cubensis sp.nov.) and east (Trigaster setarmata sp.nov.) regions. The new species are closely related to northeast and east Mexico (Protozapotecia and Zapatadrilus) and Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands earthworms (Trigaster). Whereas new Protozapotecia species possess two gizzards and holonephridia, Trigaster setarmata sp.nov. has three gizzards and meronephridia. Protozapotecia angelesae sp.nov. is separated from all Mexican species of the genus by the absence of typhlosole and penial setae and by presence of free lamellae in the esophagus of 11 and 12. The presence of penial setae and typhlosole relates the other two new Protozapotecia species to Mexican worms; from all of them, Protozapotecia cubensis sp.nov is separated by a dorsal pore in 4/5, free calciferous lamellae in 13 and a lateral spermathecal diverticulum, whereas Protozapotecia cubensis sp.nov. is differentiated by last hearts in 13 and calciferous lamellae in segments 13, 14 and 15. Trigaster setarmata sp.nov. is separated from the four recognized species of the genus by the presence of penial setae and racemose prostatic glands. Clarification of the origin of Cuban acanthodrilids (dispersion or vicariant events) will depend on future sampling and on the elaboration of robust molecular phylogenies.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moisturiser channeled by ultrasonic wave after starch bath in the treatment of senile pruritus.Methods 119 patients were randomly divided into three groups.41 patients in therapy group were treated with moisturiser channeled by ultrasonic wave after starch bath and Runzaozhiyang capsules.35 patients in control groupⅠwere treated with moisturiser alone.43 patients in control groupⅡ were only treated with Runzaozhiyang capsules.The changes of total symptom score(TSS) were measured before and at the end of two week treatment.The clinical efficacy of these three groups were evaluated at the two week after the treatment process.Results There was no significant difference in TSS of the three groups before therapy(P0.05),but TSS was significant different between the therapy group and two control groups after the treatment(P0.05).The efficacy rate of the treatment group,control groupⅠand control groupⅡwas 90.24%,71.43% and 58.14% respectively.There was significant difference between the therapy group and two control groups(control groupⅠP0.05,control groupⅡP0.01).Conclusion Moisturiser channeled by ultrasonic wave after starch bath has better effectiveness and no adverse reactions in treating senile pruritus.Therefore it is worthwhile to be clinical applied more extensively.


BACKGROUND
Assessment of the influence of personality and decision processes on the performance of two-person expedition teams has application for the composition of small teams for planetary exploration and potentially responding to off-nominal situations.

CASE REPORT
We studied a two-man Special Forces team with a goal of reaching the North Pole in the shortest amount of time. Both subjects had high scores on measures of leadership/dominance, fearlessness, and achievement, and low scores on harm avoidance (high risk-taking). Differences were noted on scales measuring empathy, agreeableness, extraversion, emotional regulation, and callousness. Individual differences in the primacy of personal values of tradition vs. pleasure-seeking were evident.

DISCUSSION
High dominance traits of both team members, incompatibility in other characteristics and values, and minimal pretraining had a significant impact on the decision to abort the trek because of severe frostbite suffered by one subject. Implications for dyads exploring the Mars surface are discussed.


Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy provides insight into electron dynamics in semiconductor heterostructures. High-field THz spectroscopy probes the excitonic nonlinear response of GaAs quantum well (QW) systems and enables the measurement of its coherent dynamics in the time-domain. Consequently, THz spectroscopy allows one to explore the fundamental properties of many-body interactions as well as the potentials of semiconductor nanodevice technology. This work analyzes the light-matter interaction in a semiconductor microcavity with a computational approach. When an exciton in a QW microcavity strongly couples with a cavity photon, a new quasiparticle known as exciton-polariton forms. This thesis shows that classical coupled harmonic oscillators with optical and THz excitations can be used as a model to simulate the dynamics of exciton-polariton and its quantum coherent phenomena. The time evolution of the exciton-photon coupled system is demonstrated by employing the time-dependent damping of the exciton mode and varying the delay between optical and THz pulses. The normal mode splitting is observed in the frequency spectra as a result of strong light-matter hybridization. Finally, computed exciton-polariton oscillation of this work is compared to the computed result from a reference which was obtained using a semiconductor Bloch equations.


Frequency dividers are crucial circuits that are employed in PLLs and high-speed serialize/deserializers. The flip-flop-based frequency dividers are comprised of two D latches in cascade, and in a negative feedback configuration. The digital operation of this type of dividers provides the advantage of suppressing the sensitivity to waveform distortions. Furthermore, the flipflop-based dividers achieve a wide bandwidth than other types of frequency dividers at low-tomedium range of frequencies. This paper presents a high-speed DFAL flip-flop-based frequency divider incorporating a new high-speed latch topology, which provides satisfactory performance for frequencies up to 17 GHz. This circuit is designed and simulated in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process. This architecture is primarily a master-slave flip-flop with a negative feedback. Thus frequency division is achieved. The designed circuit and the verification can be done in TANNER EDA. Keywordsadiabatic, digital circuit, DFAL, frequency divider, low power, stacking technology.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing an optical isolator which is capable of surely blocking return light with a simple operation and advantageous in terms of cost.SOLUTION: In a method for manufacturing an optical isolator 10 including an isolator core 1 and a magnetic structure 2 applying a magnetic field to the isolator core 1, the isolator core 1 includes a polarizer 7, a Faraday rotator 5 made of a paramagnetic material and having a Faraday effect, and an analyzer 4 in the order of transmission of light from the light source. The magnetic structure 2 can adjust the position of a transmission direction. The position of the magnetic structure 2 is adjusted so that the power of transmitted test light L6 becomes minimal, while introducing test light L5 to the isolator core 1 from a direction opposite to the transmission direction of the light from the light source, to measure the power of the test light L6 transmitted through the isolator core 1.


This article is an examination of the Asian American closet, as an analogy drawn from the gay closet.' The gay closet, of course, is a term used to describe the process by which some gays may hide their sexuality from public view, in order to avoid social disapproval or legal sanctions. At first glance, it may seem that application of the "closet" concept to Asian Americans does not quite hold up in a literal sense, since unlike gays, Asian Americans cannot closet their minority identities completely. Nevertheless, this article argues that Asian Americans may employ the closet concept in at least two senses. The first sense-the weaker onecomes into play when Asian Americans "cover" or downplay their ethnic behaviors, in order to make them less visible or salient.2 In this sense, the Asian American closet is generally a weak form, since Asian Americans cannot convincingly pretend to be white and can only attempt to suppress ethnic behaviors. However, in a second sense, the unique and contradictory stereotypes that Asian Americans face may allow them to


Background:
 The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) has spread to most of countries in the world. The tight relationship of plasma lipids and COVID-19 pneumonia (NCIP-19) has not been well invested. To observe lipid profiles and their alterations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the prognostic value of lipids for the length of hospital stay (LOS).

 Methods:
 248 NCIP-19 cases aged 18 years or older were enrolled in this study. Serum lipids, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected at admission. In 68 severe cases, levels of serum lipids were subsequently detected every 5 ~ 10 days.

 Results:
 At admission, median levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in all patients, were 1.11 mmol/L, 4.00 mmol/L, 0.89 mmol/L and 2.11 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with common cases (n=174), higher TG and HDL-C, lower LDL-C were observed in severe cases (n=74). Levels of TC and LDL-C at admission were negatively correlated with LOS. In severe cases, the average levels of serum lipids were lowest at admission and gradually increased during hospitalization. Compared with the LOS≤29d group, serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were significantly lower in the LOS>29d group at admission; this lower trend always existed during the following tests for TC and LDL-C, but not for HDL-C and TG. Patients with LDL-C≥1.70 mmol/L at admission showed a lower risk of LOS prolongation (adjusted HR=0.557, 95% CI: 0.409-0.759,
 p
 <0.001).

 Conclusions:
 In NCIP-19, serum lipid levels were low at admission. Levels of TC and LDL-C at admission were negatively correlated with LOS. LDL-C <1.7 mmol/L at admission may act as the independent predictor of LOS prolongation. In severe cases, the gradual increase of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C during the hospitalization might indicate the gradual recovery of the disease.


This paper argues that mind is a function of the whole person that is constituted over time in inter-subjective relations with others in the environing world. In this view, consciousness is that aspect of human autopoiesis that, with time, posits the existence of the thinker and the conceptual self-evidentiality of world as lived by the thinker. Given that human autopoiesis is grounded in sociality, i.e., that we cannot conceive of what a human being would be outside social relations, a brief excursion into Fijian ethnography is included to suggest why it makes sense to study child development as a microhistorical process in and through which mind is constituted over time as a function of inter-subjectivity. The paper proposes a model of the process of constituting mind, and consciousness as an aspect of mind, that is derived from a synthesis of certain of the ideas of Maturana and Varela, Piaget, Merleau-Ponty, and Vygotsky.