The panel on business aviation developed an overview forecast of new aircraft shipments, the business aircraft fleet, and flight hours through 2001. The panel identified the following as major forces that will shape business aviation in the coming decade: (1) a maturing U.S. domestic market, (2) uncertainty about the fleet of used business aircraft and the linkages between market segments, (3) increasing importance of foreign markets, (4) the level of new product development, and (5) changing expectations among corporate buyers and other operators of business aircraft.


The invention discloses an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The IGBT is characterized in that a collector is arranged at the bottom of the IGBT; a collection region, a buffer layer, a drift region, a P well region and an emitter region are integrated from the collector to the top in sequence; an emitter covers the top of the emitter region; a gate 9 crosses over the emitter region, the P well region and the drift region; the gate is arranged in polysilicon; and an SiO2 insulating layer transversely penetrates through the drift region or simultaneously transversely penetrates through the P well region and the drift region. The IGBT has the following beneficial effects: on the basis of the common IGBT, an SiO2 insulating layer is added inside the device, thus reducing the on-state voltage drop under the condition of not losing the off-state voltage of the IGBT, effectively reducing the on-state resistance of the IGBT and further reducing the conduction losses of the IGBT; and the process in industrial production is not complex and can conduce to saving more production cost compared with the technology conducing to reducing the on-state losses of the IGBT, namely improving the working performance of the IGBT at a relatively low cost.


Beginning with the experience of a white woman's stomach seizing up in fear of a black man, this essay examines some of the ethical and epistemological issues connected to white ignorance. In conversation with Charles Mills on the epistemology of ignorance, I argue that white ignorance primarily operates physiologically, not cognitively. Drawing critically from psychology, neurocardiology, and other medical sciences, I examine some of the biological effects of racism on white people's stomachs and hearts. I argue for a nonideal medical theory focused on improving wellness in a society that systematically has damaged the health of people of color. The essay concludes that to be fully successful, critical philosophy of race must examine not just the financial, legal, political, and other forms of racism, but also its biological and physiological operations.


This article presents an analysis of the applicability of laser surfacing of the exhaust valve face of a marine diesel engine using cobalt-based powder. After preparation by machining, the selected valves were subjected to laser surfacing using a high-power ROFIN DL020 laser. The EuTroLoy 16012 powder was used in the surfacing process. One of the valves was cut and subjected to metallographic examination and hardness measurements, while the other valves were assembled in the engine, which worked for approx. 3000 h. The tests conducted for the initial condition showed a dendritic structure of the surfacing weld, characteristic for surfaced layers with carbide inclusions uniformly deposited in interdendritic areas and a minimally changed structure of the steel substrate. Similar tests were carried out for the valves after their period of operation. The valves' faces showed little wear. The microstructure of the surface weld was found to have minor changes mainly due to the effects of diffusion processes occurring in the operating temperature and a decrease in hardness. The laser surfacing technique has proven very useful for the regeneration of marine engine valves.


A high-performance electron transport layer (ETL)-free planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/perovskite/hole-transport material/Au solar cell was prepared. We revealed that a plasma-cleaning pretreatment for FTO substrates could significantly improve the quality of perovskite films, leading to the promotion of charge separation, an increase in the electron-transport rate, and a decrease in the recombination reaction at the FTO/perovskite interface. Finally, the efficiency of the cells was greatly improved. A power conversion efficiency of over 15 % and a fill factor of 0.68 were achieved under AM 1.5G 100 mW cm−2 irradiation without the use of a compact n-type metal-oxide blocking layer.


Non‐intrusive load monitoring (also known as NILM or energy disaggregation) is the process of estimating the energy consumption of individual appliances from electric power measurements taken at a limited number of locations in the electric distribution of a building. This approach reduces sensing infrastructure costs by relying on machine learning techniques to monitor electric loads. However, the ability to evaluate and benchmark the proposed approaches across different datasets is key for enabling the generalization of research findings and consequently contributes to the large‐scale adoption of this technology. Still, only recently researchers have focused on creating and standardizing the existing datasets in order to deliver a single interface to run NILM evaluations. Furthermore, there is still no consensus regarding, which performance metrics should be used to measure and report the performance of NILM systems and their underlying algorithms. This paper provides a review of the main datasets, metrics, and tools for evaluating the performance of NILM systems and technologies. Specifically, we review three main topics: (a) publicly available datasets, (b) performance metrics, and (c) frameworks and toolkits. The review suggests future research directions in NILM systems and technologies, including cross‐datasets, performance metrics for evaluation and generalizable frameworks for benchmarking NILM technology.


Human-robot interaction (HRI) is being explored with the aim of creating rich, effective and satisfying interactions between humans and robots. Human-robot collaboration for learning, in which the measurable outcomes are information gain on the part of the humans in the system, is specifically focused upon. In the context of this focus on collaboration for learning, rich means a cognitively sophisticated interaction in which humans and robots communicate as peers; effective means that formal measures of human learning should yield significant outcomes; satisfying means that humans should find the interaction both useful and pleasurable. Two themes have dominated HRI research projects: how to field interactive robot systems to evaluate human-robot collaboration, and how to explicitly model human cognition and learning resulting from robot interaction. Models of interaction and evaluation methodology from human factors, HCI and cognitive psychology, have been joined and extended. Research in reasoning and social policy addresses the issue of decision-making and execution in the context of rich interaction and partial information. Research results and the evaluation methodology are validated, demonstrating significant improvement in interaction effectiveness from contributions as diverse as robot morphology design, diagnostic transparency, and affective behavior modeling. The current research thrust is a special case of collaboration: educational robotics, where robots collaborate with humans to promote learning. Statistical significance across learning themes is demonstrated using formal coding analyses. The present ambition in educational robotics is the principled design of a robotic platform and curriculum, based on an extension of coded learning themes, that can have significant impact on technology literacy and interest in science and engineering education at the middle school and high school levels


Abstract Organizational theory and empirical research suggests that the size of a system is an important determinant of its administrative sector. In this perspective, the key occupations that provide coordination and integration are as follows: (a) managers and administrators since they provide decision-making, (2) professional and technical experts because they evaluate information flows critical for decision-making, and (3) clerical workers since they contribute written messages resulting in communication. Recent research demonstrates that this approach may be successfully extended to more macro systems such as counties, cities, states and nations. In applying this theory, we argue that the size/administrative occupation relationships can be more completely understood than in previous studies by focusing on the detailed suboccupations found in each of the three broad occupation categories. Data from the fifty American states in 1970 indicate that the relationship between size and suboccupations may be ...


Research Council of Canada's Dominion Radio-Astrophysical Observatory , and the McGill Center for Intelligent Machines. He is the author of a Java program which was rated in the top 10 on the WWW in 1996. His current research interests are in game-theory, design of network resource control and management mechanisms, video traac-modeling, and distributed algorithms. an atm buuer with self-similar ("fractal") input traac," in Pro


The problem of verifying that the person accessing a system is the same person that was authorized to do so has existed for many years. Some of the solutions that have been developed to address this problem include continuous Facial Recognition and Keystroke Dynamics. Each of these has their own inherent flaws. We will propose an approach that makes use of Facial Recognition and Keystroke Dynamic techniques and applies them to Facial Thermography. The mechanisms required to implement this new technique are discussed, as well as the trade-offs between the proposed approach and the existing techniques. This will be followed by a discussion on some of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach that need to be considered before the system should be considered for an organization.


CRL2688 is suggested to be one of the proto-planetary nebulae which are probably at a stage in which the central star is evolving from the red giant phase with rapid mass loss (Zuckerman 1978) . The bipolar shape in both the optical and H 2 emission indicates that a dense toroid of dust and gas obscures the star and surrounds the optical emission. The toroid is probably responsible for channelling the mass loss to the polar directions (Ney dt at. 1975, Morris 1981, Beckwith at at. 1984). We present the results of mapping observations of CO (J = 1-0) emission from the expanding molecular envelope (Zuckerman at at. 1976, Lo at at. 1976, Knapp at at. 1982, Thronson at at. 1983) of the bipolar reflection


BACKGROUND
Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach to large-scale bone regeneration. This involves the use of an artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold and osteoblasts to promote osteogenesis and ossification at defect sites. Scaffolds are constructed using biomaterials that typically have properties similar to those of natural bone.

METHOD
In this study, which is a review of the literature, various evidences have been discussed in the field of Poly Lactic acid (PLA) polymer application and modifications made on it in order to induce osteogenesis and repair bone lesions.

RESULTS
PLA is a synthetic aliphatic polymer that has been extensively used for scaffold construction in bone tissue engineering owing to its good processability, biocompatibility, and flexibility in design. However, PLA has some drawbacks, including low osteoconductivity, low cellular adhesion, and the possibility of inflammatory reactions owing to acidic discharge in a living environment. To overcome these issues, a combination of PLA and other biomaterials has been introduced.

CONCLUSIONS
This short review discusses PLA's characteristics of PLA, its applications in bone regeneration, and its combination with other biomaterials.


The Backus-Gilbert method is used to evaluate the quality of estimates of sound speed anomaly and (two) current components obtained from acoustic travel time data in a horizontal ocean slice. The approach is more flexible than previous ones in that reciprocal transmissions are not required and, if present, are not rigidly coupled by addition and subtraction. Nine categories of bias error are identified. They are associated with imperfect resolution of the three unknowns and with cross contamination between them. Measures of these errors are developed that are system properties, as are stochastic error and resolution length. Bias error is calculated in numerical experiments and is combined with stochastic error to obtain mean error. The various quantities contributing to the mean error can be selectively reduced and brought into balance by trading off resolution. It is shown that it is possible in principle to estimate currents from one-way transmission data, and results suggest that further study is merited. It is shown that array design can incorporate a mixture of reciprocal and nonreciprocal transmissions and that equal weights for reciprocal data pairs are not always optimal.


This article offer a land cover change analysis produced by the growth of Mexico City Metropolitan Area during de 90´s decade. We use a methodology that combine digital and visual techniques to classify satellital images, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistics analysis to identify the land covers under pressure by the urban ex- pansion. The method make use of the cross tabulation matrix to examine the land changes in differents scales focused on the strongest signals of systematic landscape transitions to assess the spatial significant changes.


This paper discusses carrying out cultural construction of incorruption and uprightness on campus from aspects of understanding and recognition,publicity and education,regulation establishment,duty fulfillment and so on.The culture of incorruption and uprightness entering campuses has an important realistic and far-reaching historical significance to institutions of higher learning as well as the whole country.


This essay elucidates the abstract connotation of the Neo-Confucian philosophy proposed by Cheng and Zhu xi,and clarifies the development of the philosophy as an old concept. The research starts from the original meaning of Neo-Confucianism with the examples of the semantic broadening,and expounds the way and ground of extending the semantic meaning.


This paper is dedicated to explore the dynamic performance of productive efficiency in service economy of China, utilizing panel data in sectoral level, taking capital, unskilled labor and technical pesonel into account, the study employ stochastic frontier mode, highlighting two dummies in tertiry which minify the deviation of estimated variables. The results show that returns of scale exsist in China's service economy, in which employment effects of unskill labor contribute most. In sectoral level the potential of efficiency growth in State-owned and non-profit sectors are limited. Agriculture, Forestry, Animal,Husbandry and Fishery services sector suggest an obvious release in technical efficiency potential. The highly and steady TE coefficient in wholesale and retail trade illustrate a sustainability in growth potential.


Understanding the impact of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on HIV transmissibility is essential for effective HIV prevention programs. Investigating the impact of longitudinally measured recurrent STIs on HIV seroconversion is the interest of the current paper.


During a 35-years study it has been realized that a number of clearly recessive morphophysiological traits may serve as an indicator of homozygosity of numerous genes that characterise a human individual. As phenotypic markers of these genes, we selected 20-30 recessive morpho-physiological traits in humans that may manifest the proportion of homozygosity of corresponding polymorphic genes that control observed characters (Marinkovic et al. 1990, 1994; Cvjeticanin and Marinkovic 2005a, b).


Artemisia annua L is an aromatic annual herb endemic to the northern parts of Chahar and Suiyuan provinces in China. In order to consider impact of biological and chemical fertilizers (N, P) on protein content that exist in Artemisia annua L. an experiment was carried out in factorial design in completely randomized design with 4 replications in Zabol University in 2011. Treatments included chemical fertilizers (N, P) in 4 levels (N0P0, N40P40, N80P40, N80P80) and biological fertilizers in 4 levels (control, Nitroxin [include bacteria which stimulus growth (Azotobacter and Azospirillum)], Bio-phosphorus [(include bacteria which stimulus growth (Bacillus and Pseudomonas)] and Vemricompost fertilizer. About protein content, the result showed that applying biological fertilizers specially Vermicompost has better effect than chemical fertilizers, also Vermicompost + N80P80 had better impact on protein content in comparison with other treatments.


Nifedipine is a drug commonly used in therapy of cardiovascular diseases However, if it is used for a long period of time, it may have adverse effects on periodontium, by inducing gingival hyperplasias and destruction of deeper periodontal tissues. Intraoral changes can be established by clinical investigation, as well as histological analyses. Histopathological samples of gingiva from nifedipine-treated patients with gingival hyperplasias reveal two basic types of changes: inflammation and modified collagen fibers. The collagen fibers are thick, with enlarged fibroblasts and with proliferation of blood vessels. Inflammation manifested solitary and rare groups of mononuclear.


209Bi NMR experiments were performed for half-Heusler compounds ScPtBi, LaPdBi, and LaPtBi. The resonance shifts in these materials as well as in a few isostructural RTBi (R = Sc, Y, Lu; T = Pd, Pt) phases were revealed to correlate linearly with the calculated band inversion strength that characterizes topological character of the systems. On the contrary, commonly accepted relationship between the NMR shifts and the average nuclear charge was found to be violated.


Potomic Electric Power Co. (PEPCO) has won recognition for its progress in placing women in nontraditional jobs at all levels through its affirmative action program. PEPCO representatives and personnel managers take the initiative in making women aware of widening career opportunities and reversing the attitudes that have historically tied women to traditional employment. (DCK)


53 in proof: When mitochondrial DNA, which was shown by density gradient cen-trifugation to be free of nuclear DNA contamination, was heated to 800C in a lower salt concentration solution of 0.01 X SSC, all the DNA was converted to a symmetrical band of density 1.721. 54 Note added in proof: Recently, mitochondrial DNA has been prepared which shows no demonstrable nuclear contamination by buoyant density centrifugation. The denaturation temperature of this DNA in 0.01 X SSC was 660C, compared to 610C for nuclear DNA. Com-parison with denaturation temperatures of DNA samples having a wide range of buoyant densities, using the same conditions, gave a G-C content of 47.5% for mitochondrial DNA and 40% for nuclear DNA. This is in good agreement with the values calculated from the buoyant densities. These data indicate that the difference in buoyant density between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is due to different G-C contents and not to the presence of an unusual or substituted base. acetate, 30 mM KCl, 50 mM Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.8, 1 mM EDTA, 5,ug/ml DNase, and a volume of extract three quarters of the total preincubation volume. No amino acids or sRNA were added. After dialysis at 40 overnight against 10 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.8, 11 mM magnesium ace-tate, 30 mM KCl, 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 1 mM EDTA, the extract was stored at -20°. Before each of the incubation experiments to be described, a portion of the extract was thawed, and again preincubated for an additional 10 min with Tris buffer, GSH, PEP, magnesium acetate, KCl, and pyruvate kinase in a volume slightly less than that finally used; C'4-amino acids, viral RNA, and other materials were then added to complete the volume necessary to bring the concentrations of components to those listed for the first preincubation. All incubations were performed at 35°. In some experiments, as indicated, 0.1 M NH4Cl replaced 0.03 M KCl. Incorporation of amino acids into protein was estimated as before.2 Uniformly C'4-labeled L-asparagine (30 mC/mmole) was obtained from Nuclear-Chicago; other uniformly labeled L-amino acids were from New England Nuclear. C'4-amino acid incorporation was found to be proportional to the amount of S-30 used from 2-9 mg/ml of extract protein; hardly any incorporation occurred when less than 2 mg/ml were used. Protein concentration was measured using bovine serum albumin as a stand-ard." Preparation of C'4-lysine- and C14-arginine-labeled proteins for tryptic hydrolysis, and the meth-ods used for separation and identification of peptides by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by radioautography have been described before." 2


How do prevailing narratives about Native Americans, particularly in the medium of film, conspire to promote the perspective of the dominant culture? What makes the appropriation of Indigenous images so metaphorically popular? In the past hundred years, little has changed in the forms of representation favored by Hollywood. The introductory chapter elucidates the problem and outlines the scope of this study. As each subsequent chapter makes clear, the problem is as relevant today as it has been throughout the entire course of filmic history. Chapter Two analyzes representational trends and defines each decade according to its favorite stereotype. The binary of the bloodthirsty savage is just as prevalent as it was during the 1920s and 30s. The same holds true for the drunken scapegoat and the exotic maiden, which made their cinematic debuts in the 1940s and 50s. But Hollywood has added new types as well. The visionary peacemaker and environmental activist have also made an appearance within the last forty years. What matters most is not the realism of these images, but rather the purposes to which they can be put toward validating whatever concerns the majority filmmakers wish to promote. Whether naively or not, such representations continue to evacuate Indigenous agency to the advantage of the majority. A brief historical overview confirms this legacy. Various disciplines have sought to interrogate this problem. Chapter three


The most central question in the strategic management literature is why some firms are more successful than others, often expressed as an aim to understand sources of competitive advantage. In this thesis, an empirical observation is made that a number of manufacturing plants belonging to the same firm show sustainable differences in financial success, and the question is why. The main theoretical perspective by which this is investigated is the Resource-Based View (RBV), where resources are seen as the source of competitive advantage. However, in order to achieve a manufacturing focus, RBV is cross-fertilized with the concepts of manufacturing capabilities found in the theory of Manufacturing Strategy.

Most research in RBV focuses on how individual resources could be a source of competitive advantage, while the proposition of the present thesis is that a more meaningful unit of analysis ought to be combinations of resources. This view is elaborated on, and a framework is proposed for understanding how combinations of resources can be a source of competitive advantage in manufacturing.

The results illustrate the need for coordination of resources for them to be valuable. Coordination mechanisms proposed are 1) an intended strategy and 2) an orientation that allows both a production and a customer focus. Both coordination mechanisms are implemented by means of routines and communication. Such implementations require much time and effort, which is maintained to explain why it is hard to imitate a successful implementation of coordination mechanisms. These findings have some implications for managers, since the coordination mechanisms depend on their work.


Sustainability and eco-friendly towers have been among the most discussed topics of contemporary high-rise building design. High-rise buildings have been an important part of the modern economy with their concentration of human capital and branding value for the urban context. In addition, during the recent years, to address the problems of sprawl, environmental, and ecological concerns, sustainable high-rise building design has gained further significance and visibility in architecture and planning literature. In existing literature, sustainability of high-rises is defined mainly through ecological design and green architecture principles in individual building scale. However, sustainability in the case of high-rises remains an ill-defined term, as there is neglect of further long term effects of these buildings on the social, cultural, economic, and resiliency contexts of cities. When not integrated with the broader urban context, sustainability falls into the gap to be perceived as "greenwash", which stands for a superficially-employed concept used as a fashionable branding strategy. Within this general framework, this study will examine the emerging towers in Bayrakli, Izmir, which is designated by the local government as a high-rise development zone. The study will focus on high-rise buildings (completed and under construction) in relation to the perception of sustainability and question whether or not sustainability is used as a greenwash branding strategy or a contextual element that is well-embedded in architectural design process and urban planning decisions. The method of research will be a descriptive case study through semi-structured interviews with the design team and real estate professionals of the buildings, as well as media analysis and consideration of the local municipality reports about Bayrakli. The results indicate that sustainability has become a principle embraced and advertised in the building scale as an environmental concern more than it is embraced in the urban and social context.


Heterosexually active women are at risk for HIV infection, yet many women do not practice safer sex. Unlike contraceptive methods such as the birth control pill, the only currently recommended HIV prevention method-the condom-is not under women's control and requires interpersonal sexual negotiation. In any case, consistent condom use is rare among heterosexual adults. In assessing the reasons behind this phenomenon, we conducted focus groups with 78 women, primarily Latinas and Black women from high HIV seroprevalence neighborhoods. We collected information about contraceptive history, perception of HTV infection risk, acceptability of condoms to women and their partners, sexual negotiations with partners, and women's ideas for the development of new methods of HIV prevention.


This paper shows that the highest weights of the K-types of any irreducible admissible representation of SU(1, n) are determined by certain restriction maps from u to u ∩ k cohomology. In particular, the image of these maps determines a set of points in a Cartan subalgebra. It is proved that the highest weights of the K-types are given by intersecting a translate of the root lattice with the closed convex hull of the points determined by the restriction maps.


A method of removing the CESL from small canyon TS structures of a MOSFET device while maintaining gate cap height and the resulting device are provided. Embodiments include providing two gates laterally separated over and perpendicular to a fin of a semiconductor device, each gate having sidewall spacers and a nitride cap; forming a conformal SiN CESL on bottom and side surfaces of a trench formed between opposing spacers between the gates; filling the trench with oxide; planarizing the spacers, nitride caps, oxide, and CESL; removing the oxide; forming a topological flat-SiN layer over the spacers, nitride caps, and CESL; removing the topological flat-SiN layer from side and bottom surfaces of the trench; removing the CESL and the topological flat-SiN layer down to a top surface of the spacers; and performing contact metallization.


Abstract: This study presents the Romanian Principalities at the second half of the XIX century from the point of view of Victor Place, the French consul. Since the autumn of 1855 years, he was consul of France and tried by all possible means to avoid the unionist movement. The period of seven years (september 1855-april 1863) allowed to discover different aspects of Romanian society: economy, society, politics.These reports and telegrames were very important for the reconstruction of the Romanian realities.


BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Muscle mass decreases with age, and heart failure (HF) patients may experience greater reductions due to pathophysiological processes associated with this disease. Reduced muscle mass may predispose HF patients to functional limitations and increased morbidity and mortality. This study estimated the associations between HF, low muscle mass (LMM), functional limitations and hospitalisation, as well as the combined effect of HF and LMM on these outcomes in a nationally representative sample.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional survey.

SETTING
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.

SUBJECTS
A total of 402 HF (weighted 3,994,205) and 7,061 non-HF participants (weighted 91,058,850), ≥45 years with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements.

METHODS
the 20th percentile of the sex-specific distribution of lean appendicular mass residuals from linear regression with height and fat mass as predictors, served as the LMM cut-point. Logistic regression provided adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of HF and LMM with functional limitations and hospitalisation.

RESULTS
There were statistically significant adjusted associations between HF and limitations in household chores, walking one-fourth of a mile and hospitalisation (OR (95% CI): 2.5 (1.7 -3.8), 1.9 (1.2 -3.0) and 1.6 (1.1 -2.4), respectively). LMM was significantly associated with limitations in household chores and walking one-fourth of a mile (OR (95% CI): 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) and 1.4 (1.2, 1.7), respectively). Interaction between HF and LMM was noted for the associations with functional limitations.

CONCLUSIONS
This hypothesis-generating study found a synergistic interaction between HF and LMM; the presence of LMM increased the negative effects of HF. HF patients may experience increased disease burden due to LMM.


Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) typically causes multiple-organ dysfunction/failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI). CD44 comprises a family of 85–200 kDa transmembrane glycoproteins that are widely expressed by multiple cell types and involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The multiple functions of CD44 have been attributed to the existence of numerous CD44 isoforms generated by alternative mRNA splicing as well as by extensive post-translational modifications. Renal CD44 expression is minimal in healthy adult kidneys, whereas in inflammatory renal disorders CD44 expression is markedly induced particularly in injured tubular epithelial cells (TEC) both in human diseases and in animal models. The function of CD44 on TEC remains unclear; previously we showed that the shortest isoform CD44 standard (CD44s) and the long CD44 variant 3-10 (CD44v3) exert opposite effects in fibrotic settings. To assess the contribution of tubular expression of CD44s and CD44v3 in SIRS-associated AKI, we used WT and unique transgenic mice expressing CD44s or CD44v3 specifically on proximal TEC. Mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of LPS and were sacrificed 4 and 24 hours later. The presence of CD44-isoforms in TEC did not alter the onset of kidney dysfunction or lymphocyte influx but affected the induction of KIM-1 and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines after LPS injection. Transgenic kidneys expressing CD44s/CD44v3 displayed more KIM-1 expression, less TNF-α and IL-1β at 4 hours compared to WT kidneys. At 24 hours, CD44v3-expressing kidneys showed elevated IL-10 and TLR4 negative regulator mRNA levels. Proximal TEC-CD44 influenced the renal inflammatory milieu and TEC-CD44v3 associated with expression of antiinflammatory molecules.


For a long period of time European studies and the transformation research were dealing with Eastern Europe from different points of view. This is anachronistic. The problems of political and socio-economic development in the East and in the West are tightly intertwined. Already during the systemic transformation the politics, economy and societies in East-Central and Eastern Europe were strongly influenced by the EU. The allegedly specific East-European phenomena have become all-European ones. This fact can be observed with respect to the quality of democracy, the increasingly transnational character of European societies, as well as the return to the inter-governmental decision-making process at the EU-level.


Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507; Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Computer Science and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544


C3d is the final split product of complement C3.In order to develop it's immune enhancement,the study extracted the total cell RNA from the liver of duck and the cDNA of C3d was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The positive plasmid which contained C3d cDNA was determinded by cloning and sequencing.After the fragments were cloned into PGEX-6P-1,the recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E.coli BL21,and was induced with IPTG for gene expression.The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting.It is approved that the recombinant protein is the C3d.The study provides foundation for development and utilization of duck C3d.


This paper presents results from the continued application of a new technique for the remote online partial discharge (OLPD) testing and monitoring of in-service high-voltage (HV) explosive atmosphere (Ex)/atmosphere-explosive (ATEX) motors operating in hazardous gas zones. The technique employs high-current wideband high-frequency current transformer sensors located remotely from the motor under test, at the switchboard end of the HV feeder cable. Significant cost and operational benefits can be gained from this remote monitoring technique as the stator winding condition of these motors can be monitored without having to enter the hazardous gas (Ex/ATEX) zone. The work described in this paper is a continuation of that carried out by the same authors, as reported at the 2012 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, and includes the development of proposed condition guidelines for assessing the condition of the stator winding insulation systems of large populations of aged HV motors, based on an OLPD "league-table" database. Two case studies are presented wherein the HV stator insulation condition and reliability of in-service motors, operating in hazardous gas zones, and HV generators were assessed using both online and offline partial discharge (PD) testing and monitoring techniques. The case studies emphasize the importance of carrying out extended continuous OLPD monitoring of in-service rotating HV machines to detect underlying trends in PD activity over time. This paper concludes with how condition monitoring data can support reliability-centered maintenance and condition-based management regimes.


Weather forecasting information is very crucial in decision making process regarding to activities and works, such as in the field of agriculture to determine initial growing season. Recently, climate change causes trouble in weather forecasting. Time series data analysis for forecasting, is one of the most important aspects of the practical usage. Time Series data is large in volume, highly dimensional and continuous updating. Accurate rainfall forecasting with the help of time series data analysis had helped in the field of agriculture, in evaluating drought and flooding situations in advance. The data used within this paper is taken from Automatic Digital Meteorological Station (NECOP Station) in National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA-Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria). Those data include ambient temperature, air pressure, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed etc. In this paper, rainfall forecasting models were developed for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Levenberg-Marquardt training function and Multiple linear regression (MLR) and was used for the prediction. Based on experimental result, it was concluded that prediction using ANN model for NASRDA-CBSS weather data produced prediction with more than 90% accuracy while MLR prediction gives 70%.


Fiber blending has been a common practice in the textile industry for a long time, stimulated to a great degree by the availability of an ever increasing number of manmade fibers. Fiber blending can achieve quality products that cannot be realized using one fiber type alone, and it can also reduce the cost by substituting a less expensive fiber for a more costly one. The survival of textile industry depends primarily on the diversification of end products to meet the national as well as international demands. Diversification in the product can be brought about at various stages viz., yarn, fabric, design, fashion and style. So, the study was conducted to blend mulberry silk and regenerated bamboofibre to produce value added products with the -To blend Bamboo fibre with silk, to construct fabric of twill weave using blended yarn and to produce value added products from the woven fabrics. The bamboo and silk fibre was blend in carding and drawing stage and yarn were produced in three different ratios 20:80, 50:50 and 80:20.These yarns were further weaved in twill weave and the functional properties of the fabrics produced were evaluated .It was found that the woven blended bamboo mulberry fabrics can successfully use for producing value added products.


The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continued to rise for decades. However, drug resistance to chemotherapeutics and relapse, mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains a significant impediment in clinical oncology to achieve successful treatment. Therefore, we focused on analyzing CSCs in HNSCC and demonstrated the effect of melatonin (Mel) and verteporfin (VP) on SCC‐25 cells. HNSCC CSCs were enriched in the reactive oxygen species‐low state and in sphere‐forming cultures. Combination treatment with Mel and VP decreased HNSCC viability and increased apoptosis without causing significant damage to normal cells. Sphere‐forming ability and stem cell population were reduced by co‐treatment with Mel and VP, while mitochondrial ROS level was increased by the treatment. Furthermore, the expression of mitophagy markers, parkin and PINK1, was significantly decreased in the co‐treated cells. Mel and VP induced mitochondrial depolarization and inhibited mitochondrial function. Parkin/TOM20 was localized near the nucleus and formed clusters of mitochondria in the cells after treatment. Moreover, Mel and VP downregulated the expression of markers involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The migration capacity of cells was significantly decreased by co‐treatment with Mel and VP, accompanied by the down‐regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that co‐treatment with Mel and VP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the apoptosis of CSCs. Mel and VP could thus be further investigated as potential therapies for HNSCC through their action on CSCs.


Si-based compact terahertz (THz) integrated systems have been successfully demonstrated in imaging, spectroscopy, high-speed data transmission, and radar applications in the low-THz band [1]. A THz signal source is indispensable for applications in the mid-THz band. However, this band is beyond the $f_{max}$ of most silicon-based technologies, making high-power signal generation extremely challenging. Coupled oscillator-radiator array architecture is prevalent for coherent THz signal generation and radiation [2–5]. The radiation beam narrows as the array size increases, implying a double boost in ElRP. However, most reported arrays are limited in size. Thus, the output power is small, and high ElRPs are realized by the expensive and bulky external silicon lenses [3–5]. A large array reported in [4] is $6\times 7$ in size but only radiates -10.9dBm at 1.01THz. Increasing the array size is not trivial. An on-chip patch-antenna-based source [2] is preferred as it can remove the silicon lens and better dissipate heat to avoid the thermal compression compared to the designs radiating from the silicon substrate [3–5]. The multi-layer topology in [2] can produce a beamforming function but lowers the DC-to-THz conversion efficiency at 416GHz. This paper proposes a differentially fed, patch-antenna-based 2D scalable array with a beamforming function and high OC-to-THz conversion efficiency. We implemented a $12\times 12$ coupled-oscillator array that occupies a $2\text{mm}\times 1.7\text{mn}$ area. It can operate between 643 and 689GHz (6.9%) and radiate a peak power of 9.1 dBm with 3.32W power consumption, i.e., a 0.245 % DC-to-THz efficiency at 675GHz. The corresponding lensless ElRP is 30.8dBm, and the measured phase noise at a 1MHz offset is -90.9dBc/Hz. The beam can be steered from $-45^{\mathrm{o}}$ to $45^{\mathrm{o}}$ in the H-plane.


In this legal writing, the problem formulations are: 1) how is the process of
providing legal assistance to the members of Indonesia Police Force in legal area
of Regional Police Force of Yogyakarta Special Region that conducted criminal
action of domestic violence?; 2) what are the barriers faced in providing legal
assistance? The purpose of this research was to gain data concerning on the
function of legal assistance to the members of Indonesia Police Force as well as to
gain data concerning on the barriers faced in providing legal assistance. The
method of research used was juridical empiric legal research. The result of this
research shows the function of legal assistance of Indonesian Police Force has
been conducted by the establishment of Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2003
on the Technical Institutional Implementation of General Judicature to the
Members of Indonesia Police Force. The suggestion to the institution of Indonesia
Police Force is hopefully it increases its professionalism in particularly in division
of Legal Construction. For the members of Indonesia Police Force hopefully they
maximize furthermore the providing of legal assistance that exists in their
institution. For the society in order to comprehends more on the existence of role
and function of division of Legal Construction.


The conventional model-based diagnosis usually potentially presumes faults are persistent and does not take intermittent faults into account, which is the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplicate and no fault found in aircraft avionics and present a tremendous challenge to prognostics and health management. Aiming at the problem that the logical automaton proposed by Sampath et al. cannot distinguish between strings or states that are highly probable and those that are less probable, a stochastic automaton approach is given to distinguish the fault types by extending the fault model to include both permanent faults and intermittent faults. The notions of A- and AA-diagnosability of permanent faults and intermittent faults for stochastic automaton are defined. Thereafter, the diagnoser with a probability matrix appended to each transition that can be used to update the probability distribution on the state estimate is constructed. Finally, an example of aeronautic gyroscope is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show that this approach is able to discriminate the fault types within bounded delay if the system is A- and AA-diagnosable. In our previous paper, we have extended the logical automaton model, and investigated the stochastic automaton approach in this article.


In 2010,Zhejiang University promoted a major strategic initiatives,the introduction of a teaching post classified management reform program,specifically set up mainly on teaching the Gang.Undergraduate teaching quality changes before and after the reform show that the overall upward trend in Zhejiang University undergraduate classroom teaching quality;and after the reform,teaching mainly Kong teachers outstanding undergraduate classroom instruction rate beyond school teachers overall excellent rate of 13.81%,12.31% higher than the pre-reform,indicating that the reform has a positive impact on the undergraduate teaching of Zhejiang University.


Influence of the thickness of "thin‐film" RuO2‐SE on the properties of the solid‐state potentiometric pH sensor has been investigated. SE thickness determines such sensor's characteristics as sensor response and rate of response. Choosing the optimal thickness of the nanostructured RuO2‐SE layer should be determined by three factors: (i) required rate of the sensor response, (ii) required operating temperature and working aqueous environment (acid‐neutral‐alkaline), and (iii) the nature of the target ion, which sensor is designed to detect.


In this work, variation of the Beremin parameters with temperature for reactor pressure vessel material 20MnMoNi55 steel is studied. Beremin model is used, including the effect of plastic strain as originally formulated in the Beremin model. A set of six tests are performed at a temperature of −110 °C in order to determine reference temperature (T0) and master curve for the entire ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) region as per the ASTM Standard E1921. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to produce a large number of 1 T three-point bending specimen (TPB) fracture toughness data randomly drawn from the scatter band obtained from the master curve, at different temperatures of interest in the brittle dominated portion of DBT region to determine Beremin model parameters variation with temperatures.


We present fabrication, optimization and application aspects of complementary Multiple-Gate Tunneling FETs (MuGTFETs). Tunneling FETs are implemented in a MuGFET technology for the first time. N- and p-type tunneling currents are observed within a single device structure. Digital and analog device performance is analyzed. Measured devices show low on currents in the tens of nA regime due to not optimized doping profiles. However, promising analog characteristics are obtained with intrinsic gain of more than 300 for 65 nm channel length devices. The scaling potential of multi-gate tunneling FETs is proven by measurements and device simulations that reveal a low dependence of the device characteristics on the channel length. The devices feature low temperature dependence and competitive matching behavior. A new voltage reference circuit is proposed as potential application for the MuGTFET.


Performance Appraisal is an effort to identify, measure (assess) and manage (management) to determine decisions about success or failure in carrying out work carried out by workers with work standards set by the company. Compensation for organizations / companies means rewards / rewards to workers who have contributed in realizing their goals, through activities called work. Total productivity is nothing but the ratio of what is produced (out put) to all what is used (in put) to obtain these results. FKIP-UISU Medan is part of one of the faculties at the Islamic University of North Sumatra Medan and its address at Jalan Puri Number 18 Simpang Jalan Alloy Tenaga Medan. The problem formulation is "How big is the effect of performance appraisal and compensation on the productivity of lecturers and staff at the Teaching and Education Faculty of the Islamic University of North Sumatra".The purpose of this study was to determine the FKIP-UISU lecturer and staff assessment of performance appraisals, compensation provided, level of productivity. The results of the study using the formula of multiple correlation between variables x1 (performance appraisal) and x 2 (compensation) together with variable y (productivity of lecturers and staff) that is 0.826 which means it has a positive relationship because r count is greater than rtable (0.826> 0.361 ).  Based on the table, it is known that = 0.826 is at the coefficient interval 0.80 - 1,000, then the relationship of variable x1 (performance appraisal) with variable x2 (compensation) which is jointly correlated with variable y (lecturer and employee productivity) is included in the category very strong relationship. Based on the calculation of the value of Fcount = 28.890 this value is then consulted with Ftable with an error rate of 5% based on the numerator dk = k (2) and the denominator dk = n-k-1 (27), then Ftable = 3.35 is obtained. These results indicate that Fcount is greater than Ftable, 28.890> 3.35. Because the price of Fcount is far greater than the price of Fable, the proposed Zero Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. According to the results of these calculations it can be concluded that the productivity of lecturers and staff at the Teaching and Education Faculty of the Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan is influenced by performance evaluation and compensation variables of 68.15%, while 31.85% is influenced by other variables.


The purpose of this study was to provide effective strategies for improving seating and positioning for persons with wheelchair user. The positioning techniques were discussed in the order of pelvis, trunk, buttocks, thighs, knees, feet, head, and upper extremities. The strategies for preventing pressure sores and the seating positions for augmentative and alternative communication were also discussed.


This paper analyses the greeting system of Kisubi. It specifically seeks: to identify temporal greeting patterns in Kisubi; to determine whether age and gender do dictate the kind of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; to examine different kinship-specific verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; and lastly, to assess the role of context in the Kisubi greeting system. Observation and face-to-face interview methods were used to gather data from 36 participants who were obtained using snowball sampling technique, and afterwards they were stratified into different strata depending on age, gender and educational status of a person. This stratification led to the attainment of authentic data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis from which different themes emerged. It was established that there are four temporal chunks in Kisubi, each of which is associated with its own greeting term. Age, gender, context and kinship relations also determine the type of greeting terms and the honorifics or deferential terms to use. However, the use of honorifics and/or deferential terms is declining gradually.


This document aims to present a brief analysis of how is it favoring the formation of digital competitions in teachers of basic education in the State of Hidalgo, through the program digital skills for all (HDT), emphasizing the importance and significance of the training to cope with the expectations and challenges posed by the new educational paradigm digital to introduce new technologies of information and communication (NICT) to the educational practices of the 21st century.


Supply chain is an important key for any businesses' existence and development, since this concept can be a solution for them to hold efficient operational practices, minimizing cost, and on time delivery. Therefore, appropriate management practices on supply chain of agricultural commodity could be a substantial matter since it has been facing problems in efficiency, supply, and minimizing cost. The higher the economic value of a commodity, the more important the role of management on its supply chain. One of Indonesia's strategic and high valued commodity is shallot due to its high consumption and great contribution on regional economic development of production areas. Performance of shallot supply chain may impact on the parties involved, as farmers, traders, and suppliers. Thus, in order to formulate an accurate strategy to improve shallot supply chain performance, a measurement model is needed. This research employed Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) method to identify the model, while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each indicator in the model. Findings of this research indicate that production is the key aspect on shallot supply chain. Furthermore, quality and order-fulfilment the most significant parameter in defining its performance is quality. Cost and order-fulfilment are proven as the highest weight-scores attribute and indicator, respectively, in measuring the performance of shallot supply chain.


Terrorist attacks on the Western world in the last decade have made this topic a pressing issue for social scientists. The aim of this article is to explore the neurological impact of terrorism on people who, following exposure to terrorist attacks, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compare this with other traumas, and see if this information could be used to the benefit of victims of terrorism. Three important brain areas seem to be involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD in terrorism victims. These are the amygdala, the frontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Differences between PTSD resulting from exposure to terrorist attacks and other traumas can relate to the variables of chronicity, proximity, and context. These differences, in combination with knowledge of fear conditioning and the consolidation process, can be examined in both experimental and clinical settings.


Since the 1980s, asylum policy has become an issue in political debates all over Europe. The governments of most European countries have been confronted with a rising number of individual asylum seekers from a large number of countries. The governments and politicians in these European countries wonder whether their countries may be too attractive for asylum seekers. All countries have the fear of taking in too large a share of the asylum seekers when compared to neighbouring countries. All countries have tried to limit the number of asylum applications by tightening asylum policy, introducing visa requirements and border checks, and creating presumably less favourable conditions for the reception of asylum seekers. The fact that the European Commission supported this research project indicates a growing communal concern for the harmonisation of asylum policy and a fair distribution of the burden among the European countries. With these considerations in mind, we examined the factors determining the destination for possible asylum.


This paper expounds the main problems existing in security management of endowment insurance fund, and advances some measures for strengthening the management to guarantee the security of endowment insurance fund.


This study has focused on the functioning of 10 SHG's located in Venkatahalli and Heggadehalli villages of Bangalore rural district comprising of 200 farm women mainly belonging to marginal and landless category with age group of 18-35 years.
 The women members of SHG's were found to save a portion of their meager income and pool that money for lending among them at an interest decided by the group. A close look at the pattern of lending revealed that large part of the credit was used for
 improving the sustainability of their agriculture and economic status as the loans were availed for crop cultivation, purchase of milch animals and sericulture activities. Majority of the rural families were non-vegetarians by habit; animal based
 foods were consumed twice a week by 49 per cent of the families. It was observed that majority of the rural families consumed 3 meals per day and only 18 per cent of the rural families consumed 2 meals per day. The diet of the rural families was
 monotonous, lacking variety and they care more for bulk rather than quality of the diet. Nutrient intake of rural farm women was compared with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The intake of all nutrients viz. energy, protein, fat, iron, thiamine,
 riboflavin, niacin and â-carotene were low except for calcium. The per cent adequacy of nutrients was inadequate.


Numerical simulation of temperature field of cooled turbine blades is a required element of gas turbine engine design process. The verification is usually performed on the basis of results of test of full-size blade prototype on a gas-dynamic test bench. A method of calorimetric measurement in a molten metal thermostat for verification of a thermal model of cooled blade is proposed in this paper. The method allows obtaining local values of heat flux in each point of blade surface within a single experiment. The error of determination of local heat transfer coefficients using this method does not exceed 8% for blades with radial channels. An important feature of the method is that the heat load remains unchanged during the experiment and the blade outer surface temperature equals zinc melting point. The verification of thermal-hydraulic model of high-pressure turbine blade with cooling allowing asymmetrical heat removal from pressure and suction sides was carried out using the developed method. An analysis of heat transfer coefficients confirmed the high level of heat transfer in the leading edge, whose value is comparable with jet impingement heat transfer. The maximum of the heat transfer coefficients is shifted from the critical point of the leading edge to the pressure side.


With reference to the construction practice of precast concrete box girders of Donghai Bridge,this paper analyzes the causes of formation of cracks in the box girders at construction site,and also provides the relevant control measures and successful experiences for preventing the cracks from occurring.


The baseline of the pit bottom has reached 346m level in Nanfen Surface Mine. As required by the design of mine innovation, the ore haulage system at the 290 level adit should be decommissioned and a new transportation system should be installed. In that case, an addtional 20 million yuan transportation expense will be incurred anually. In order to cut transportation cost, a feasibility study is carried out with regard to prolonging the service life of the 290 level adit. Research projects include geological survey, support technology and surface mining. The research results show that it is feasible to extend the service life of the tunnel.


The years leading up to the "great recession" were a time of rapid innovation in the financial industry. This period also saw a fall in credit spreads and a boom in liquidity and asset prices that accompanied the boom in real activity, especially investment. In this paper we argue that these were not unrelated phenomena. The adoption of new financial products and practices led to a fall in the expected costs of default which in turn engendered the flood of liquidity in the financial sector, lowered interest rate spreads and facilitated the boom in asset prices and economic activity. When the events of 2007-2009 led to a re-evaluation of the effectiveness of these new products, agents revised their expectations regarding the actual efficiency gains available to the financial sector and this led to a withdrawal of liquidity from the financial system, a reversal in credit spreads and asset prices and a bust in real activity. We treat the efficiency of the financial sector as an exogenous process governing bankruptcy (monitoring) costs facing intermediaries in a costly state verification framework and study the impact of "news shocks" regarding this process. Following the expectations driven business cycle literature, we model the boom and bust cycle in terms of an expected future fall in bankruptcy costs which are eventually not realized. The build up in liquidity and economic activity in expectation of these efficiency gains is then abruptly reversed when agent's hopes are dashed. The model generates counter-cyclical movements in the spread between lending rates and the risk-free rate which are driven purely by expectations, even in the absence of any exogenous movement in intermediation costs as well as an endogenous rise and fall in asset prices and leverage.


Yellow emission is crucial in RGBY display technology and in fabricating physiologically friendly, low color‐temperature lighting sources. Emitters with both wet‐ and dry‐process feasibility are highly desirable to fabricate, respectively, high‐quality devices via vapor deposition and cost‐effective, large‐area devices via roll‐to‐roll fabrication. Here, high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes with a novel wet‐ and dry‐process feasible yellow‐emitting iridium complex, bis[5‐methyl‐7‐fluoro‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5) naphthyridin‐6‐one]iridium (picolinate), are demonstrated. By spin coating, the device shows, at 1000 cd m−2, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.5% with an efficacy of 52.3 lm W−1, the highest among all reported yellow devices via wet‐process, while using vapor deposition, the EQE is 22.6% with a 75.1 lm W−1 efficacy, the highest among all dry‐processed counterparts. The high efficiency may be attributed to the replacement of the hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom on a 2‐substitutional site in the emitter to prevent dense molecular packing‐caused self‐quenching and to reduce radiationless deactivation rates, leading to a high quantum yield (71%).


Though election systems in the modem sense were first put into practice in China in chambers of commence-civil industrial and commercial societies-in the late Qing Dynasty, the specific voting processes of chambers of commerce in different places were not the same. After the chambers of commerce in Shanghai and Suzhou were formally established, they immediately began to work out and implement election systems, but the Tianjin Chamber of Commence insisted on choosing general managers, assistant managers and directors by public recommendation. The Chamber did not implement an "election" system. In the early Republican period, the Tianjin Chamber still thought that "public recommendation" was better than "election". Even after the promulgation of the Law of Chambers of Commerce, which clearly regulated that the chambers of commerce must implement a system of election, the Tianjin Chamber still hoped the government would give it special permission to continue using "public recommendation". Nevertheless, implementing "elections" was the trend of the times, and in 1918 the Tianjin Chamber also established an election system in its bylaws, and entered a new era of electing its chairman and directors by vote. The torturous evolution of the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce from "public recommendation" to "election" illustrates that the leaders of the Chamber during the process of establishing the election system were conservative both in thought and action. They not only lacked creative measures, but also showed scarcely any initiative to learn the existing election systems of other chambers of commence. This phenomenon aim shows that the understandings of modern election systems differed between chambers of commerce in different places.


IL-1beta induced an increase in ICAM-1 expression in human A549 epithelial cells and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this result. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein or tyrphostin 23) or phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor (D609) attenuated IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression. IL-1beta produced an increase in PKC activity and this effect was abolished by D609. PKC inhibitors (staurosporine, Ro 31-8220, calphostin C, or Go 6976) also inhibited IL-1beta-induced response. TPA, a PKC activator, stimulated ICAM-1 expression as well, this effect being inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Treatment of cells with IL-1beta resulted in stimulation of p44/42 MAPK, p38, and JNK. However, neither the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD 98059 nor the p38 inhibitor SB 203580 affected IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression. NF-kappaB DNA-protein binding and ICAM-1 promoter activity were enhanced by IL-1beta and these effects were inhibited by tyrphostin 23, but not by PD 98059 or SB 203580. TPA also stimulated NF-kappaB DNA-protein binding and ICAM-1 promoter activity as well, these effects being inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Dominant-negative PKCalpha, NIK, or IKK2, but not IKK1 mutant, inhibited IL-1beta- or TPA-induced ICAM-1 promoter activity. IKK activity was stimulated by either IL-1beta or TPA, and these effects were inhibited by Ro 31-8220 or tyrphostin 23. Taken together, IL-1beta activates phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and induces activation of PKCalpha and protein tyrosine kinase, resulting in the stimulation of NIK, IKK2, and NF-kappaB in the ICAM-1 promoter, then initiation of ICAM-1 expression. However, activation of p44/42 MAPK, p38, and JNK is not involved.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to various children's drinks on the color stability of anterior primary teeth and different esthetic restorative materials clinically used in pediatric dentistry. Exfoliated maxillary primary central incisors that had been unaffected by caries were chosen as control group. Maxillary primary central incisor-shaped specimens made of strip crown and Nu-smile zirconia crowns were chosen as test groups. Polished strip resin crowns were additionally prepared to compare with unpolished strip resin crown. Each specimen and teeth were divided into 4 groups in which the test samples (n=5 each) were immersed in 4 different drinks (distilled water, cola, grape juice, jelly juice) for 6 days. In all 4 drink groups, all specimens generally showed increasing ΔE* value (color difference) with time. Polished resin strip crown had higher ΔE* value than the unpolished in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups. ΔE* value of zirconia crown in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary control of children's drinks is required for preventing discoloration of restorative materials.


Recently, Europe decided to start the regulation of diesel engine nanoparticles because of its well known adverse health effects. The diesel nanoparticles can be classified as solid carbon particles and volatile particles. The volatile particles generates during dilution process by condensation of gas phase volatile compounds such as hydrocarbon. The new nanoparticle regulation considers only solid particles because of difficulty of measurement of volatile particles. The aim of this study is to suggest a proper dilution method that prevent the volatile particle generation. As a result, it is found that the dilution air temperature should be above in order to prevent volatile particle generation effectively. It is also found that the volatile particles can be removed effectively in the evaporation tube by the increase of evaporation tube temperature. But when exhaust gas is hot enough (>, in this study) and it is diluted in the first diluter with high temperature air (>), removal phenomenon of volatile particles by increasing of evaporation tube temperature can not be seen. It means that there are no volatile particles in the diluted exhaust gas. Additionally, dilution ratio is not an important factor for volatile particle generation compared with dilution air temperature or evaporation tube temperature.


Microstructure,microhardness and thermal stability of pulse electrodepositied nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe-P alloy coating were studie by means of XRD,TEM,EDS,DSC and microhardness tests.The results show that the nanocrystalline Ni-40.41% Co-6.16% Fe-1.63% P coating with FCC structure exhibits(111) texture with a grain size of 8.8 nm approximately.The microhardness of Ni-Co-Fe-P alloy coating increases as annealing temperature increases and reaches a peak value between 300 ℃ and 450 ℃,and then it decreases gradually with further increasing annealing temperature.The grain grows up to 35.1 nm after annealing at 450 ℃ and 160.8 nm after annealing at 600 ℃.During annealing the texture of the coating changes from(111) to(200).The DSC curve shows that the coating begins to exotherm at 474.4 ℃ and reaches the peak at temperature of 499.1 ℃.The exothermic △H is 9.086 J/g.According to the Kissinger equation,the activation energy of grain growth for the coating was worked out,which is 369.3 kJ/mol,showing high thermal stability.


As part of its economic transformation, China has adopted several of the core elements of capitalism, and in the process, has recognized the possibility of bankruptcy for both state-owned-enterprises and private companies. Part I of this paper outlines the main characteristics of the Chinese economy, especially focusing on export and import activities. Part II of the paper outlines in detail the procedures identified as part of the Chinese bankruptcy regulatory environment in order to understand the role that bankruptcy plays in the capitalist model in assuring that decision-making will be conducted on the basis of financial data and will not based on political considerations. At the same time, however, the paper underscores that the prospect of bankruptcy must also be viewed from the prism of internal Chinese politics and traditions relating to socialism. The Chinese government must take into account the prospect of social unrest that the possible bankruptcy of an enterprise would have on Chinese workers, perhaps further weakening the role of the Communist Party in Chinese society. Information is provided regarding bankruptcies that have taken place under the new law. Finally, the paper discusses the possibility of creating a system of bankruptcy for individuals in China which was not a part of the original legislative scheme.


With the word 'Globalization' many a things have changed. One is not sure, weather the world has become small like a village or people of this global world have started shrinking. The changing time, in the sense of sociology and economy, has encouraged or forced people to start moving away from their roots. All the time when they move away from the roots, it may not be possible to have new branches around growing and converting into roots supporting the body of the tree as banyan tree. Literature, being the reflection of the society, has succeeded to bring out this dilemmatic diasporic sensibility of global citizen. There are innumerable writers writing about their own people and culture being on the foreign land. Chitra Divakaruni is one of them. The research paper focuses on the novel The Mistress of Spices by Chitra Divakaruni with special reference to the replica of diaspora as well as feminist sensibility in that.


Film has the potential to be a valuable medium through which to transmit
public health messages and improve public health outcomes, and
substantial resources are already being allocated to it. In this article, Stella
Botchway and Deon Simpson of the University of Oxford, Silvana Bettiol of
the University of Tasmania, May van Schalkwyk of Imperial College London,
Gerd Flodgren of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and Uy Hoang of
the Public Health Film Society emphasise the necessity of developing film
impact evaluation methods in order to maximise the health benefits.


Abstract. Nathan, E. and Pedersen, S. E. (Department of Paediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark). Dialysis encephalopathy in a non‐dialysed uraemic boy treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 793, 1980.—Brain aluminium concentration has been found significantly higher in patients dying with dialysis encephalopathy than in uraemic patients without this syndrome, and it has previously been reported only in haemodialysed patients. We report a case of high brain aluminium concentration in a uraemic boy showing symptoms of severe encephalopathy. He was never dialysed but only treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. Baluarte reported corresponding symptoms in non‐dialysed uraemic children, but brain aluminium concentrations were not reported. His patients as well as ours had very high levels of parathormone which may play a role in the resorption and distribution of aluminium. Aluminium preparations should be avoided in children with renal failure.


Alpha-gal syndrome, also known as mammalian meat allergy, is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose. Reactions typically manifest hours after consumption of red meat products such as beef, pork, and lamb. We describe the case of a 64-year-old male resident of rural Oklahoma who presented with anaphylaxis and myocardial infarction. The patient suffered complications that were attributed to porcine-derived heparin in the setting of undiagnosed alpha-gal syndrome. We describe the clinical course of this patient that lead to the diagnosis of alpha-gal syndrome to raise awareness of this disease.


A 2.5-D miniaturized substrate integrated electromagnetic bandgap (SI-EBG) is proposed for parallel plate cavity mode suppression for the low frequency microwave circuit packaging. The proposed 2.5-D SI-EBG unit cell consists of a circular patch and four via arrays. In this 2.5-D SI-EBG unit cell, via arrays are introduced to increase the capacitance and the inductance of the unit cell, which contributes to lower cavity mode suppression cutoff frequency. Dispersion diagram and mode analysis of the unit cell are given to explain its working mechanism. The electric size of the unit cell is reduced to $0.107{l} _{0}\times 0.107{l}_{0}\times 0.038{l}_{0}$ , and its stopband fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 42%. Finally, an experimental prototype of such miniaturized SI-EBG packaging structure is fabricated by PCB technique for a microstrip meander line to demonstrate its cavity mode suppression performance.


The only problem with choice is that citizens have to choose. Time is precious and how resources are utilized and expended, particularly in a recession, matters. Often the issue is not only the choices that are made, but the distribution of resources on the basis of these decisions. While some eat too much, others eat too little. Similarly, governments make a decision about priorities in public services. In 2011, the City of Toronto brought in KPMG to audit 'expendable' services. This expendable list of expenses in the budget included cuts to public libraries. While there was a public outcry in response to such a decision,[1] Councillor Doug Ford, brother of Toronto's then Mayor Rob Ford and representing Ward 2 in Toronto, deployed an odd metaphor to justify such a decision. On the radio station Newstalk 1010, he stated that, "we have more libraries per person than any other city in the world. I've got more libraries in my area than I have Tim Hortons."[2] The idea that a politician would compare the value of fast food and libraries is inappropriate, bizarre and foolish. The reality that he was factually wrong in his comparison makes his statement even more bizarre. Not only were there more Tim Hortons in his district than libraries (39 to 13),[3] but Toronto did not even hold the record for the most libraries per person in Canada, let alone the world. There is a significant lesson to be learned when a politician appears to validate fast food restaurants over libraries. Such a statement provides an entrée (appropriately) to think about food as a mode of communication with political resonance and bite, particularly after the global recession and the continuing financial instability. The aim of this article is clear: to explore the function of speed – as a trope and variable in thinking about food as a platform to communicate information. I investigate fast food and its context, slow food and its context, and finally probe how a consciousness of food in/justice is often blocked through the automation of decision making and the deskilling of cooking.


Abstract This study characterized drug dependent women based on current psychopathology (MCMI-III) and then examined the relationship between psychopathology and treatment retention. Participants included 97 pregnant (88%), African-American (78%), single (90%) 30-year old women enrolled in a 6-month residential drug treatment program for women and children. Clustering on personality test scores using Ward's technique identified three subgroups with mild (24%), moderate (59%) and severe (18%) psychopathology. Treatment completion rates varied by group (66%, 45% and 29%), with half of the high severity group leaving against medical advice (AMA) within 60 days. Although the majority of low severity women completed the program as scheduled, they may also have done well in a less intensive treatment modality. Conversely, it appears that women with severe psychopathology may require a more flexible, psychiatrically-oriented approach than is found in most residential settings including greater emphasis on psychiatric issues, individual psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy.


Newly born male lambs of Malpura breed were divided into two groups to examine the effect of two feeding (extensive and intensive) regimen on growth, testicular development and attainment of puberty. Lambs in Group 1 were reared under the routine management of grazing (extensive feeding) while lambs in Group 2 had additional access to their mother at mid-day on each day up to weaning and were provided green fodder leaves and concentrate mixture ad libitum (intensive feeding). The parameters studied were body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age; testicular measurements i.e. circumference, length, breadth and volume at 6, 9 and 12 months of age; age at puberty and six monthly greasy fleece yield. Feeding of growing ram lambs had significant (P<0.01) effect on growth, puberty and testicular development. The gain in the body weight of lambs in Group 2 was significantly (P<0.01) higher at 3, 6 and 9 month of age as compared to lambs of Group 1. All the ram lambs under intensive feeding ejaculated semen in the artificial vagina at the mean age of 218.75±11.44 days, however, only two (33.3%) ram lambs in extensive feeding management donated semen within one year of age. The first six monthly greasy fleece yield of lambs was relatively higher under intensive feeding than under extensive feeding. Intensive feeding of lambs enhanced the testicular development as evident by the increase in length, breadth, circumference and volume at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. The results indicate that intensive feeding management of growing ram lambs enhanced their growth and testicular development, and reduced the age of puberty.


This report discusses the outcomes of a study that investigated the characteristics of 959 families participating in the Minnesota TEFRA program, a federal Medicaid option for children with disabilities which allows caregivers to purchase support needed to keep the children in the community. Findings indicate that families of children with special needs in Minnesota use TEFRA to help finance acute care which is either not covered by private health plans or is covered, but with high co-pays and deductibles. In addition, the TEFRA option funds many long-term care supports needed by the children and their families which are not typically covered by private health plans. The varying strengths, needs, and resources of these children and their families preclude the depiction of a typical child on TEFRA. However, their family circumstances were found to be fairly reflective of average Minnesota families in terms of income, education, and geographic distribution. The study indicated that families of children with special needs incurred out-of-pocket health care costs nearly 5 times those of families without children with special needs. It concludes that the availability of TEFRA ensures that cost does not serve as a barrier to necessary health care. (CR) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


To obtain identical twins with predicted sex, an efficient and reliable method for manipulation and analysis of bovine embryos has been developed using in vitro produced embryos and PCR. Expanded blastocysts graded as excellent were bisected into halves following biopsy to remove approximately 10% of trophoectoderm. Viability and cell number of these biopsied demi-embryos at 48 h in culture were compared with demi-embryos which have been only bisected. No significant difference was seen in survival rates between the biopsied demi-embryos (80.7%) and demi-embryos (87.0%). The mean cell number of the biopsied demi-embryos (70.00 ± 18.84) was slightly lower than that in the demi-embryos (77.50 ± 20.82). The sex of small sample and one biopsied demi-embryo was determined by PCR. The sex of 48 (96.0%) of the biopsied demi-embryos survived was consistent with the sample-side with 27 males and 21 females. These findings indicate that the sex of biopsied demi-embryos can be determined with a high accuracy, and their in vitro viability is comparable to that of demi-embryos.


According to the theory of Fourier transform and inverse transform,using matlab prepared a simulated road roughness incentive program,calculated the time-domain road roughness incentive;Established the tractor virtual prototype model by using ADAMS,reversed out the dynamic loads history of the tractor frame based on the road roughness motivation.Provided basis and reference for obtaining frame fatigue life and further research on the frame dynamic response.


and destitute mother. The same readers may be surprised to learn that the Charleston Orphan House required relatively little labor from its male occupants (the girls, as in other institutions, were responsible for sewing and laundry) and provided remarkably good education and health care for both boys and girls. Most striking is that the institution offered both so-called orphans and surviving parents a high degree of agency, including veto power over undesirable apprenticeships. Although readers may not be fully convinced by Murray's explanation that white Charlestonians' desire for racial unity contributed to the relatively benevolent, noncoercive nature of the Charleston Orphan House, there certainly seems to be something regionally distinctive about the nation's arst public orphanage.


During the reign of Emperor Xianzong of Tang,especially after the sixth year of Yuanhe,some literati either want to be unconventional or are not willing to give up common custom creature comfort,also want to seek fame and fortune,and attempt to seek for the free innermost feelings to have hidden leisure atmosphere with the bright time characteristics.Influenced by this,Bai Juyi has created many leisure poems with comfortable mood,these leisure poems are different with Bai Juyi's other three types of poetry.And it reveals Bai Juyi,from another side,to explore its secularization and mental journey of the disposition "recluse" road.


Abstract : The D-17B computer is a digital minicomputer that is used in the NSQ- 10 Minuteman I missile guidance system. This system has been made available for reuse by qualifying agencies. Documentation concerning the procedures for converting the computer for general purpose use is being generated by the Minuteman Computer Users' Group. The report is addressed toward part of that effort. Before the conversion process is begun the computer may be tested to determine useability. An inexpensive forced-air cooling system will allow operation at ambient air temperatures up to 85F. Fragmentary descriptions of the D-17B previously available are supplemented in this report by a description using the states of control flip-flops. This state description is useful as a study plan and a maintenance guide.


Song Tutoring in Pre-singing Zebra Finch Juveniles Biases a Small Population of Higher1 Order Song Selective Neurons Towards the Tutor Song 2 3 4 Patrice Adret 5 C. Daniel Meliza 6 Daniel Margoliash 7 8 9 Author contributions 10 P. Adret and D. Margoliash conceived and designed the two studies; P. Adret carried out the 11 experiments; P. Adret and C. D. Meliza analyzed the data; P. Adret, C. D. Meliza and D. 12 Margoliash wrote the paper. 13 14 Running Head 15 Auditory selectivity in pre-singing zebra finches 16 17 Affiliation 18 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy 19 University of Chicago 20 21 Corresponding author 22 Daniel Margoliash 23 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy 24 1027 E. 57 St., Chicago IL 60637 25 Tel: (773) 702-3224 26 Fax: (773) 702-0037 email@example.com 27 28 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (July 11, 2012). doi:10.1152/jn.00905.2011


The present text shows that the prevailing view of Martin Heidegger's approach to society and technology is not only based on prejudice, but more importantly works to obscure a more relevant perception of reality. Heidegger's "phenomenological hermeneutic" sought to uncover technology's hidden truth, beyond the appearance of technology as framing our existence (Gestell). Even if we acknowledge that technology has now reached a planetary and all-encompassing dissemination – becoming, in effect, the leading figure of our time – we still need to remain vigilant to the metaphysical notions embedded in such a characteristic. We should seek other ways of living with and within technology. A radical critique should seek topologies and "orders" that are universal and preliminary, so that by potentially exceeding every demarcation we can be liberated to a way of listening – a "hearing" (Hören) – to a "constellation" of a different "essence of technology".


It is important to design multi-energy supply systems optimally in consideration of their operations for variations in energy demands. An approach for efficiently solving such an optimal design problem with a large number of periods for variations in energy demands is to derive an approximate optimal design solution by time series aggregation. However, such an approach does not provide any information on the accuracy for the optimal value of the objective function. In this paper, an effective approach for time series aggregation is proposed to derive an approximate optimal design solution and evaluate a proper gap between the upper and lower bounds for the optimal value of the objective function based on a mixed-integer linear model. In accordance with aggregation, energy demands are relaxed to uncertain parameters and the problem for deriving an approximate optimal design solution and evaluating it is transformed to a three-level optimization problem, and it is solved by applying both the robust and hierarchical optimization methods. A case study is conducted on a cogeneration system with a practical configuration, and it turns out that the proposed approach enables one to derive much smaller gaps as compared with those obtained by a conventional approach.


The objective of this article is to determine whether low-birth-weight (LBW) infants have the capacity to modulate minute ventilation to achieve a CO 2 set-point within ranges acceptable to clinicians during a procedure designed to identify the best dynamic compliance loops. By using dynamic flow-loop mechanics, we performed a prospective stepwise reduction of tidal volume (by reduction of peak inspiratory pressure, keeping end-expiratory pressure constant), in a group of LBW infants to identify the steepest slope of the dynamic flow-loop. We used flow-synchronized, assist-control mechanical ventilation with termination sensitivity set at 5%. Vital signs and blood gases were assessed every 15 minutes at each stepped-pressure change during the first hour after enrollment and after 12 hours, to


A literature review of 103 items covers: nutrients in surface waters; runoff and waste discharges primarily from energy-intensive activities; groundwater pollution causes, effects, controls and monitoring; land and subsurface wastewater disposal; radionuclides; biological effects; thermal effluents; and biological and mathematical models for rivers. (PCS)


Shape matching is an important ingredient in shape retrieval, recognition and classification, alignment and registration, and approximation and simplification. This paper treats various aspects that are needed to solve shape matching problems: choosing the precise problem, selecting the properties of the similarity measure that are needed for the problem, choosing the specific similarity measure, and constructing the algorithm to compute the similarity. The focus is on methods that lie close to the field of computational geometry.


INTRODUCTIONOn April 10th 2012, Starboard Value, a money manager that owns a 5.3% stake in America Online (AOL), sent a letter to AOL's board of directors applauding the sale of over $1B in patents to Microsoft and also warning them of an upcoming proxy fight for the election of directors to the AOL board. On the positive side, the letter applauded the patent sale as a "big first step towards realizing the full value of AOL." Counteracting the applause, however, and serving as justification for the challenge of board composition, was the mention that the "real" problems of poor performing acquisitions and investments were still outstanding.When addressing poor performing acquisitions, the letter made specific mention of Patch, the local news service AOL bought in 2009. While the initial investment in Patch was small, approximately $7 million, AOL spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the service in the following years. According to estimates presented by Starboard Value, approximately $150M was spent per year on Patch since acquisition. The letter also describes Patch as an "unproven and, thus far, unsuccessful business model that is draining valuable resources from the Company."1 What was it about Patch that made it a centerpiece of Starboard's opposition to AOL's acquisitions strategy? Was Starboard justified in challenging AOL's leadership on its unwavering support of Patch?The hyperlocal news market has served communities throughout the United States for many years. Most operations were weekly newspapers that evolved to blogs and news websites with the onset and growth of digital media. These operations existed mostly at a small scale on minimal budgets supported by local advertising dollars. Patch, along with efforts launched by The New York Times and Washington Post, has attempted to develop local operations with national support networks, capitalizing on economies of scale and revenue growth buoyed by the addition of national advertising dollars. Profitability has proved difficult to attain leading to a key question yet to be answered: Can a hyperlocal news operation find success operating on a national scale?The Patch Story Begins for AOLPatch was the brainchild of AOL's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Timothy M. Armstrong. The idea came to him on a Saturday morning in 2007. He was driving through his hometown of Riverside, Connecticut when he spotted a group of signs in the ground that advertised events around town. When he got home, he checked online and could not find a calendar of events for Riverside. Armstrong's first response was to call the editor of the local paper and suggest he build an events calendar for the paper's website. The paper's editor promptly replied, "We don't really need any help. We have a fine business".2 Armstrong's disagreement with this position prompted him to start a company around local news and event listings. He called it Patch.When Armstrong accepted the position of chief executive of AOL in 2009, he did so with the caveat that Time Warner acquire Patch and make it a centerpiece of AOL's portfolio. Time Warner agreed and purchased Patch in the summer of 2009 for $7M. Armstrong did not participate in the negotiations to purchase Patch and asked that his start-up investment in Patch be returned to him in the form of AOL stock. The acquisition was in line with AOL's strategy at the time: reinvent itself as a content provider beyond its legacy dial-up Internet business. AOL split from Time Warner in late 2009, promptly announcing that it would be investing $50 million in 2010 into the startup of the Patch.com network. After AOL split from Time Warner to become a public company, Armstrong handpicked the board of directors, so convincing them to approve investing heavily in Patch was not a difficult task. AOL spent another $160 million on Patch in 2011. By most estimates, the board allowed AOL to invest a total of $500 million in Patch between 2010 and 2013. …


The current global economic crisis raises many questions and the most important imperative is to find solutions and recover the world economy. Neoliberalism as a cause of the crisis has shown fundamental shortcomings and proved that the market is an imperfect self-regulating system. At the present time in the media, politicians and some economists mention foreign direct investment (FDI) as a life-saving solution for economic problems and economic growth. The analysis of the economic indicators proved that FDI cannot be, to the necessary extent, a generator of economic growth and that development of each country should be based on endogenous components. The development of critical thinking and questioning of the neoliberal concept, especially with today's time distance through comparisons of indicators such as economic growth, absence of inflation, employment and the export-import ratio, has revealed major systemic defects of the market fundamentalist policies. A strong indicator and argument to this thesis is particularly evident in the industrial production indexes, in the number of industrial workers and in the share of industry in GDP of transition countries. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, FDI, economic growth, transition countries


Blockchain technology unarguably has over a decade gained widespread attention owing to its often-tagged disruptive nature and remarkable features of decentralization, immutability and transparency among others. However, the technology comes bundled with challenges. At center-stage of these challenges is privacy-preservation which has massively been researched with diverse solutions proposed geared towards privacy protection for transaction initiators, recipients and transaction data. Dual-key stealth address protocol for IoT (DkSAP-IoT) is one of such solutions aimed at privacy protection for transaction recipients. Induced by the need to reuse locally stored data, the current implementation of DkSAP-IoT is deficient in the realms of data confidentiality, integrity and availability consequently defeating the core essence of the protocol in the event of unauthorized access, disclosure or data tampering emanating from a hack and theft or loss of the device. Data unavailability and other security-related data breaches in effect render the existing protocol inoperable. In this paper, we propose and implement solutions to augment data confidentiality, integrity and availability in DkSAP-IoT in accordance with the tenets of information security using symmetric encryption and data storage leveraging decentralized storage architecture consequently providing data integrity. Experimental results show that our solution provides content confidentiality consequently strengthening privacy owing to the encryption utilized. We make the full code of our solution publicly available on GitHub.


Abstract: Improperly designed processing equipment may affect the microbiological and chemical safety of the product and even result in physical contamination. It is therefore essential that all equipment that comes into contact with the product is of hygienic design, which in many countries is also a regulatory requirement. This chapter explains the principles of such design and how to meet them and discusses potential pitfalls. Examples are given of correct and wrong designs of equipment for both closed and open processing.


Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has high economic value, but the potential loss experienced in chili cultivation is also quite high, because chili is quite vulnerable to fruit fly pests. This study aims to determine the response of fruit flies to the use of pheromones derived from various kinds of fruit peels and flesh added with yeast (organic pheromones). This research took place on chili farmers' land located in the village of Tambak Langsat, West Ulin Platform, Banjarbaru City. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 11 treatments including the control. The results showed that the treatment given organic pheromones was able to trap fruit flies. Of all the pheromones that were most effective at getting lots of fruit flies was the chili pheromone (0.2 ml) with a catch of 25 individuals and for organic pheromones that were less effective was the mango pheromone (0.2 ml) with a catch of 4 individuals. The type of fruit fly B. dorsalis dominates of the four species with the Diversity Index (H´) of fruit flies being classified as moderate, namely 1.1082, the Dominance Index (D) being high 1 and for fruit flies dominating B. dorsalis.