Background Client service charter (CSC) provides information about what people can expect in a facility's services; what is expected of clients and service providers. Tanzania implemented Star Rating Assessment (SRA) of primary health care (PHC) facilities in 2015/16 and 2017/18 using SRA tools with 12 service areas. This paper assesses the status of service area 7, namely client focus that checked if client was satisfied with services provided and implementation of CSC through three indicators–if: CSC was displayed; CSC was monitored; client feedback mechanism and complaints handling was in place. Methods We extracted and performed a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of data related to clients' focus that are found in national SRA database of 2017/2018 using STATA version 15. Client satisfaction was regarded as dependent variable while facility characteristics plus three indicators of CSC as independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression with p-value of 5% and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied. Results A total of 4,523 facilities met our inclusion criteria; 3,987 (88.2%) were dispensaries, 408 (9.0%) health centres and 128 (2.8%) hospitals. CSC was displayed in 69.1% facilities, monitored in 32.4% facilities, and 32.5% of the facilities had mechanisms for clients' feedback and handling complaints. The overall prevalence of clients' satisfaction was 72.8%. Clients' satisfaction was strongly associated with all implementation indicators of CSC. Clients from urban-based facilities had 21% increased satisfaction compared rural-based facilities (AOR 1.21; 95%CI: 1.00–1.46); and clients from hospitals had 39% increased satisfaction compared to dispensaries (AOR 1.39; 95%CI: 1.10–1.77). Conclusion The implementation of CSC is low among Tanzanian PHC facilities. Clients are more satisfied if received healthcare services from facilities that display the charter, monitor its implementation, have mechanisms to obtain clients feedback and handle complaints. Clients' satisfaction at PHC could be improved through adoption and implementation of CSC.


Nitrocompound fertilizer is a new fertilizer with rapid development in China in the recent 10 years.Its characteristics,production technology,prospect,and bottleneck are introduced,some development suggestions are also presented.


Neural network approximations have become attractive to compress data for automation and autonomy algorithms for use on storage-limited and processing-limited aerospace hardware. However, unless these neural network approximations can be exhaustively verified to be safe, they cannot be certified for use on aircraft. An example of such systems is the unmanned Airbone Collision Avoidance System (ACAS Xu), which is a very popular benchmark for open-loop neural network control system verification tools. This paper proposes a new closed loop extension of this benchmark, which consists of a set of ten closed loop properties selected to evaluate the safety of an ownship aircraft in the presence of a co-altitude intruder aircraft. These closed loop safety properties are used to evaluate 5 of the 45 neural networks that comprise the ACAS Xu benchmark (corresponding to co-altitude cases) as well as the switching logic between the 5 neural networks. The combination of nonlinear dynamics and switching between five neural networks is a challenging verification task accomplished with star set reachability methods in two verification tools. The safety of the ownship aircraft under initial position uncertainty is guaranteed in every scenario proposed. using the NNV and nnenum tools on 5 of 45 ACAS Xu neural networks with switching between five to co-altitude collision cases. Both tools show reachable states of an ownship with dynamics on a collision course with an intruder The reachability computation and ownship by 5 switched NNs. The verification switch collision free even a large initial This study showed that do a comprehensive safety verification analysis of a complex air collision advisory system for but further research determine flights In the tool showed and computation


The advantages of hospital care are too often denied patients who have banal skin problems that merely destroy the quality of life rather than life itself. Yet many of these problems can be greatly mitigated or can even disappear with a controlled environment and intensive therapy. One reason for insufficient hospitalization may be inadequacy of facilities; a program for upgrading these to meet the needs is spelled out.


The behavioural perspective model of consumer choice (bpm) proposes three structural components of consumer situations from which consumers' verbal responses to consumption environments can be predicted. These are utilitarian reinforcement, informational reinforcement and behaviour setting scope. It is argued that pleasure, arousal and dominance, presented by Mehrabian and Russell as environmentally determined affective reactions, are respectively feasible verbal responses to these structural components. Consumers (N = 561) completed Mehrabian and Russell's measures of these affective reactions and of approach-avoidance for one of four ranges of verbally expressed consumption situations derived from the model. The results indicate that, for these theoretically grounded ranges of consumer situations, approach-avoidance is satisfactorily explained by pleasure, arousal and dominance. Further, mean differences in these affective variables between situations which, the bpm argues, show distinct patterns of rei...


The establishment of betalain-producing cell suspension cultures in Portulaca is reported for the first time. Addition of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sufficient osmotica to the culture medium was critical to the success. Betacyanin production was best at 1×103mgl-1 AsA. Small cell aggregates, formed in MS-AsA medium supplemented with 150mM mannitol and 150mM sorbitol, accumulated the highest relative amounts of betacyanins. The growth rate of cell suspension cultures increased 3- to 4- fold within 14 days in modified MS-AsA medium supplemented with 5μM 2, 4-D. The betalain content of suspended cells increased during the first 2 day in liquid culture, thereafter decreased slightly and increased again during the logarithmic phase of cellular growth. A lower concentration of 2, 4-D inhibited the growth of cultures but did not significantly affect betacyanin accumulation. Addition of cytokinin inhibited growth and also resulted in decreased betacyanin accumulation. The pigmentation of cultured cells decolourized upon transfer to dark conditions but was regained in decolourized cells at 12 to 24 hours after light exposure. The levels of endogenous free tyrosine and DOPA, precursors of betalains, decreased in response to light and slightly increased again after 24 hours of light treatment. Betanin, the main pigment component, as well as other betacyanins present, dramatically increased after 24 hours under light conditions in our Portulaca cell suspension culture system.


The species of Aspergillus secrete aspartic, serine and metalloproteases. The role of secreted proteases in virulence were investigated with A. fumigatus which is the species the most frequently found in patients with aspergillosis. A mutant of A. fumigatus deficient in proteolytic activity at neutral pH in vitro, was constructed and tested for pathogenicity in a murine model. No difference in pathogenicity was observed between the wild type strain and the mutants, suggesting that the proteases secreted at neutral pH are not essential for the invasion of the lung tissues by the fungus. Key words: proteases, Aspergillus, virulence.


This paper presents the coupling of a network model for transformer temperature rise calculation and a CFD model representing the cooling devices consisting of radiator and tank cover. The coupling requires exchange of input data and results between both models, including thermal quantities like temperature and power as well as hydraulic parameters like pressure and mass flow rates. The corresponding interfaces, which allow permanent data exchange during the iterative procedure, are explained and the convergence behavior is analyzed. The results are discussed with respect to differences between models with individual and uniform oil flow in radiator panels as well as models calculated with and without coupling.


. 2002, Flechoso & Alarcos 2009), which mainly occurs in females during pregnancy and lactation, in response to a higher protein requirement (Strachan 1997). The females are territorial (Roman 2007), espe-cially in the breeding season, which is a defence me-chanism for spatial and trophic resources (Ostfeld 1990). Females defend offspring against conspecifics and other species through strategies such as moving pups to other nests when threatened. Presumably, given the references to the aggressiveness shown by some individuals of semi-aquatic species of


Carbon-13 and proton NMR data of macrocyclic diaromatic dilactones are presented. The observed behaviour of the spectra as a function of temperature shows that the energy barrier for the re-orientation of the side chains is lower than 49 kJ mol−1 (12 kcal mol−1) and that the energy barrier for the rotation of the aromatic rings is larger than 99 kJ mol−1 (24 kcal mol−1). Hence, chiral substituted dilactones of this type will be resolvable, and the enantiomers can be easily handled at room temperature.


in Britain have warned the public that grave as are the problems of Asia, the affairs of Europe are no less serious and indeed may prove of predominant importance. There is a wide appreciation in London of the indivisibility of the problem of security and world peace. The war in Korea, the communist victory in China, the Pacific peace and future of Japan, the struggle in Indo-China, the difficulties of Burma; the terrorism in Malaya, the rising stature of India, the Kashmir dispute, the disorders in Indonesia, the relations of Tibet, the constitution of Nepal, the problem of Formosa, the menace of communism, the inadequacy of certain of the successful nationalist causes, all these matters and many more are anxiously discussed in almost every journal and wherever people gather. Forebodings mingle with those deriving from the condition of Europe. The task of statesmen in seeking a more tranquil world seems to most people as futile as it is bewildering because intransigence and doctrinaire rigidity block the way to accommodation.


Three types of carbonate build-ups occur in the mid-Carboniferous - ?early Permian (Moscovian-?Asselian) succession at Kap Jungersen, southem Amdrup Land, North Greenland: (I) Palaeoaplysina-dominated build-ups; (2) AIgae-dominated build-ups; and (3) Bryozoan-dominated build-ups. The build-ups are less than 15 m thick and up to a few hundred metres wide. They often coalesce to form laterally widespread, build-up dominated units and are locally stacked to form up to 100 m thick build-up dominated sections along platform margins.


The TFL Workbench has been developed by PRA Health Sciences to support programming of standard tables, figures, and listings (TFLs), and is currently used to produce tables based on standard table shells. A compliance report is available and used by PRA's Global Data Standards team to gather metrics about standards usage. These metrics currently report the percentage of tables in a study produced by the TFL Workbench, the percentage of TFL Workbench templates that were altered in order to comply to the TFL shells, and whether any preor postprocessing is necessary to create tables. The paper discusses how the TFL Workbench can support governance of a TFL standard, and the future potential of the compliance report, in helping Governance Committees to decide which standard data displays need updates. INTRODUCTION PRA Health Sciences has developed a TFL standard which is available to clients who do not have a dedicated standard. This is done with the intention of raising the quality and consistency of data displays used for their clinical study reports, and to support our Biostatisticians in the development of TFL shells. Quality gains and consistency are accomplished by using standard programs for data displays (tables, figures, and listings). For this to be successful, the resulting TFL Shells have to be sufficiently consistent with the standard as well as amongst themselves. But of course, the standard has to be flexible enough to allow for changes based on study design, scientific needs, and specific data. Finally, standard usage has an impact on costs – the more closely a study follows a standard, the less manual intervention is required, which results in lower effort for creating and reviewing data displays. The converse is also true. PRA has also developed the TFL Workbench, a tool that is intended to write SAS® programs for tables, figures, and listings based on machine-readable metadata. The TFL Workbench provides programming teams with libraries of configurations based on PRA's own or sponsor-specific TFL standards, which they can download for their study. These can be modified to accommodate changes that are dictated by study data and methodology. Changes to these configurations can be made comparatively easily, but the tool is resilient enough to prevent unwanted dissimilarities. In studies where standards are not available, inconsistency can easily creep into data displays because of inhomogeneous shells or bespoke programs. The TFL Workbench seeks to overcome this by building TFL programs from a combination of reusable sets of configurations, which remain invariant from one output to another. In its current state, the TFL Workbench is capable of writing programs for summary tables only. THE TFL WORKBENCH The TFL Workbench is a database that stores machine-readable metadata about the structure of summary tables and writes table programs utilizing these configurations. The configurations can be changed by study teams to adapt the layout and contents of tables to the needs of an individual study. It requires building tables from distinct sets of configurations, describing their vertical structure (called "templates"), their columns (usually representing treatment groups), as well as different sets of strata, should they be required. Each template available in the TFL Workbench describes a unique type of table (e.g. disposition, adverse events, demography, laboratory results). The configuration of treatment columns is stored independently from templates in treatment sets. Stratification can be applied using strata sets. Populations are defined in their own set. Preand post-processing was added so that programmers gain more flexibility in merging data or updating the formatting of the results. The central database table, called "Table of Outputs" or "TOO" for short, is the place where distinct sets of configurations are combined to create tables. PhUSE US Connect 2018 2 Consistency is achieved when similar tables use the same template, e.g. all summaries of adverse events by system organ class and preferred term use the template available for this type of table. Idiosyncratic differences between tables of the same type would require multiple templates, each implementing miniscule changes. Similarly, all tables requiring a certain configuration of treatment columns will share the same treatment set. This way, a set of metadata needs to be configured once and can be re-used multiple times. In contrast, SAS® programs often diverge from one another by using different methods to summarize data or having different structures or applying formatting differently. In this way inconsistency is easily introduced, and it requires much effort to detect and resolve those inconsistencies during QC and review. When using the TFL Workbench, a higher level of consistency is achieved from reusing configurations where appropriate and required. THE COMPLIANCE REPORT TFL Workbench comes with a compliance report, which compares study-specific configurations back to the standard they originate from. The report is used by study teams to see where changes to the standard settings have been made, and this guides their review. The report is created by validated SAS® macros which produce a Microsoft Excel® workbook, with tabs for each distinct type of configurations, plus one tab per template. Each tab except the TOO presents the original standard configurations in the upper half of the worksheet and the study-specific configurations below that. Changes at the study level are presented by highlighting the cell that contains the modification: data-related changes are regarded as potentially more critical than formatting changes, and deserving of particularly close attention, since they are likely to have a direct bearing on the numerical results being displayed in a summary. The example shows modifications to a population configuration. In the upper half is the standard configuration for these populations, in the lower half the study configuration. The changes to the standard are made visible by highlighting the modified cells: the label of the safety population was changed from "Safety Analysis Set" to "Safety Population" (this is a cosmetic change), while the where clause to filter appropriate records in the datasets used is Table of Outputs (TOO)


The idea of human dignity is an ancient one. It has been the object of reflection with different approaches, during the various periods in the history of philosophical, theological, and ethical thought. This essay focuses on the most relevant approaches to the idea of human dignity in this cultural evolution, proposing a look at the ontological paradigm and its limits, the ethical paradigm and its values, and the theological paradigm and its resources. An anthropological reading concludes this essay, bringing out the relational value of the idea of human dignity. Based on this particular focus, the idea of human dignity assumes a form of critical thinking that makes us sensitive to the real inequalities between human beings and opens the possibility of ethical and political practices of recognition and emancipation.


Dried and ground peel biomass, ripe waste banana and Hydrolyzed peels of green and red banana used for bio ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with shake flask culture. The substrate was given with different concentration as 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% (w/v) along with 1% inoculum. Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibited maximum yield of ethanol in ripened red banana and their hydrolyzed peels about 1.3% and 0.27% (v/v) in 10% substrate concentration. The minimum yield about 0.02% of alcohol was produced in green un hydrolyzed banana peels with 1% substrate concentration. Conversion of reducing sugar range was 21% (g %) in un hydrolyzed green banana peels and maximum of 76% in red ripened banana as a substrate.


Many neuroactive drugs are characterized by poor solubility, hampering their therapeutic potential and clinical research studies. For instance, the lipophilic molecules dimethylfumarate, retinyl palmitate, progesterone, and URB597 can be employed in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple, early brain injury, learning deficits, and/or traumatic brain injuries. In this study, the possibility to encapsulate these drugs in lipid nanoparticles is investigated. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers have been produced by melt and ultrasonication of stearic triglyceride or a mixture of stearic triglyceride and caprylic/capric triglycerides. Mean diameters and morphology of lipid particles were studied by photon correlation spectroscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction, while encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release have been determined by HPLC. A behavioral study was conducted in rats to study the capability of lipid nanoparticles containing URB597 to alter behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders after intranasal administration. In this regard, the nanoparticle surface has been modified by polysorbate 80 in order to obtain "stealth" nanoparticles. The nanoencapsulation strategy allowed increased drug solubility with respect to unphysiological solvent or solvent mixtures usually employed for animal and clinical studies. In particular, retinyl palmitate solubility in nanostructured lipid carriers has been increased up to eight-fold. Moreover, rat behavioral effects observed by nanoencapsulated URB597 administered intranasally suggest the therapeutic potential of this non-invasive route to treat social dysfunctions, such as autism.


The utility model discloses a double-pressure-ring expansion joint of a water inlet tube of a water turbine. The double-pressure-ring expansion joint comprises a water inlet expansion tube, a pressure ring I, a pressure ring II and a water inlet bent tube, wherein the end surfaces of the pressure rings I and II are respectively provided with a group of through holes; an inclined surface chamfer with a sealing ring is designed at the inner hole edge of the end surface, connected with the pressure ring II, of the pressure ring I; an annular slot with a sealing ring is designed on the boss end surface, connected with a flange of the water inlet bent tube, of the pressure ring II; the pressure ring I and the pressure ring II are sleeved on the water inlet expansion tube; and a bolt passes through the pressure ring I and the pressure II and then is connected with the flange of the water inlet bent tube in a fastened manner, so that the pressure ring II is arranged in a gap at which the water inlet expansion tube port is connected with the opening of the water inlet bent tube. The expansion joint has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, the sealing performance of the expansion joint can be effectively improved, and the manufacturing cost of the expansion joint is reduced.


Low-molecular-weight κ-carrageenan(LMW-KC)with the number-average molecular weight of 10 060 was achieved by degrading κ-carrageenan(KC)with mild hydrochloric acid,and then was turned into tetrabutylammonium salt.The salt was then acylated with succinic anhydride in the suitable system,resulting in O-succinyl derivatives of LMW-KC.The antioxidant activities and the antibacterial activities of LMW-KC and its derivative were studied.Characterization of the title compounds were performed by IR,GPC,()~(13)C NMR and()~1H NMR.It was displayed that the disaccharide repeating unit of KC was not destroyed after the degradation and acylation.Percentage of succinylate substitution was as high as 2.60 at 60℃;The activities for scavenging hydroxyl radical and H_2O_2 of the acylated derivative were increased apparently,so does its antibacterial activity.


Assessment, as an integral component of teaching, should promote the implementation of its functions such as learning, educational and developmental ones.


My thesis examines the intersections between railway and cinema spaces to demonstrate how crucial these technologies were in altering life in Britain. The project focuses on the period between 1895 (the birth of film) and 1948 (when the railways were nationalised). Access to railways and cinemas was predicated on payment rather than birthright: in carriages and auditoriums, consumerism was—in theory—inclusive. The two technologies were thus crucial in transforming public space from one of privilege to one of mass consumption. I analyse three spaces: inside carriages, the interiors of auditoriums and the space onscreen to demonstrate how trains and moving images affected in material ways people's experiences of modernity in everyday life. I also connect the intersections between the railway and cinema to a broader narrative about Britain's democracy and industrial and political change in the period. This interdisciplinary thesis draws on a variety of fields including film theory, history, geography and sociology to provoke a reinvestigation of the cinema and the train in British culture. Archival research is central to the thesis, as primary sources create a material history of both the railway and cinema's impacts on life in Britain. The project's historical narrative is also interwoven with conceptual analysis. I use moving images as archives, proposing that films help us access the past by releasing stored time and space onscreen. In exploring the connections between the two technologies and everyday life, the thesis also addresses transformations of public and private space, gender and work, domesticity, tourism, and British industry. My research is articulated through a series of case studies incorporating royal rail travel, ambulance carriages, passenger trains, and railway movie theatres.


Anaphylaxis is generally an unanticipated severe allergic reaction, often explosive in onset, that can occur  perioperatively, especially during a surgical procedure when multiple drugs are administered during the conduction of anaesthesia 1 . The survey for possible etiological causes, its differentiation from adverse drug reaction and management must be immediate, because anaphylaxis is life threatening and may produce cardiovascular collapse.


In the past five years ergotamine tartrate1has been used by an increasing number of physicians as an effective means of aborting or terminating migraine headache. More than 300 cases have been reported in which its use has given prompt relief in approximately 90 per cent of the patients.2Many of these patients have continued to use ergotamine tartrate over long periods of time. Possible development of ergotism from such prolonged use has been a source of some concern. It is my purpose in this study to analyze all the original reports concerning untoward sequelae of ergotamine tartrate therapy and to present some observations and deductions based on five years' experience with the drug in the treatment of migraine headache. LITERATURE Since the isolation of ergotamine tartrate by Stoll3in 1918, forty-two serious sequelae have been reported following its use.4Twenty-three have occurred in


With growing exploration and utilization of the ocean by human beings, sound pollution increases accordingly and significantly. Hence, the impact of noise on marine organisms has become one of the most important research topics. In order to assess the impact of these activities on marine fauna, and especially on marine mammals, underwater noise propagation should be estimated. It is in this context that the proposed work is situated. In fact, the aim of this project is to study how neural network techniques can speed up these computations for estimating underwater noise propagation. For this, experimental data from practical investigations/experiments were used to train the GRNN for estimating noise level caused by each boat. The predicted values using GRNN closely followed the experimental ones with a root mean square error scores (RMSE) that is equal to 0.7. Results showed that the GRNN model had good prediction results during the testing process in terms of both RMSE scores and training times. To evaluate the model accuracy, the propagation distance from the source in the horizontal plane was set at 150 km. At this distance, the predicted loss of acoustic energy resulted in noise levels which were comparable to the reference values. Several parameters was used in order to build an accurate model. These parameters include: the propagation distance, the depth, the transmission frequency, the kinematic bathymetry, and the sediment nature. The proposed model therefore estimated the noise level until 150 km from the noise source with high accuracy and high speed computation without complex procedures. Moreover, the use of GRNN made it possible to avoid remaking the expensive computations for each sub-zone: it estimated the noise levels with a very reduced time compared to the state-of-the art methods such as RAM.Underwater noise prediction GRNN neural network function approximation


India Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) will use 28,800 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) in its 50 kton magnetized Iron Calorimeter (ICAL). RPCs are gaseous parallel-plate detectors that contain a small gas gap between two parallel plates which are kept under a high voltage of a few kVs. The main features of this detector are excellent spatial resoluion and time resolution. These detectors have been successfully used in many particle physics experiments and are well suited for fast space-time particle tracking as required for the muon trigger at the LHC experiments. The RPC can be operated either in the streamer or in the avalanche mode. In order to study the signal generation from the RPC, space charge effect is an important phenomenon to be considered. We have compared the simulated time resolution with the measured time resolution in the avalanche mode for different gas mixtures in our previous work, without considering the space charge effect[1]. If the number of charge carriers in the avalanche reaches large values they influence the electric field and the gas gain in the gap. This phenomenon is called space charge effect. In this paper, we take into account the space charge effect to calculate time resolution.


When a cylinder-shaped cutting tool is used to turn a surface of cone,the hyperbola error is terrible,and it is necessary to limit the value of the error within an allowable scale.This paper suggests a segment design of cylinder-shaped cutting tool for turning surface of cone.


Compared with traditional jamming, sampling and repeater jamming with more similar echo characteristics are also widely used. Aiming at the problem that radar is difficult to correctly identify jamming and extract useful signals in a complex jamming environment, this paper studies a jamming recognition method based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT). This method first selects the fractional optimal rotation angle of the radar received signal through angle traversal, obtains the optimal fractional Fourier transform of the received signal, and estimates the signal parameters. Then, the fractional domain characteristic parameters which are easy to calculate and less sensitive to noise are extracted from the fractional domain results of the received signal. At last, we brought the parameters into the decision-making process of jamming recognition and simulated and verified the performance of jamming identification. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately identify the typical active jamming of radar.


In the logistics context, the physical distribution is the responsibility of delivery of the correct products, to the exact locations and in the ideal moment, so that the expectation of the level of service is met and the transportation costs are minimized. For this, it is essential that structured routing plans are employed. Thus, this article aims to establish an efficient routing configuration for the delivery of milk and fermented dairy beverages. To create a structured routing plan, it was adopted the Traveling Salesman Problem. Due to a large number of variables analyzed, the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm was applied. Following, clusters that encompass the points closest to each other were determined and transformed into daily routes. The new plan proposed results in a reduction of approximately 3,316.2 kilometers per month. In this way, the proposed route plan will entail logistics efficiency as well as the reduction of company costs.


Recent advances in the pulsed laser processing of silicon solar cells are described. These include the use of a XeCl laser to avoid the need for the beam homogenizers and substrate heating used with solid state lasers, the further development of low-cost gaseous discharge implantation equipment, and the use of P-diffusion for back surface field formation instead of laser damage gettering followed by laser-induced diffusion of antimony.


The interesting properties of a class of expanding systems are discussed. The operation of the considered systems can be described as follows: the input signal is processed by a linear dynamic converter in subsequent time intervals, each of them is equal to Ti. Processing starts at the moments n · Ti, always after zeroing of converter initial conditions. For smooth input signals and a given transfer function of the converter one can suitably choose Ti and the gain coefficient in order to realize the postulated linear operations on input signals, which is quite different comparing it to the operation realized by the converter. The errors of postulated operations are mainly caused by non-smooth components of the input signal. The principles for choice of system parameters and rules for system optimization are presented in the paper. The referring examples are attached too.


Some three-component copolymers have been prepared by condensing formaldehyde with each of the following groups of monomeric species: (i) sulfanilic acid + p-toluidine + p-bromoaniline; (ii) p-aminobenzoic acid + p-toluidine + p-bromoaniline; (iii) sulfanilic acid p-aminobenzoic acid + p-bromoaniline. The composition of the copolymers has been deduced from electrometric titration studies in nonaqueous media, and Br content of the copolymers. Differentiation of acidic functional groups and the degree of polymerization of the copolymers could be obtained from their titration curves.


When, in 1927, I descrnbed the etence of a preglomerular cellular apparatus in the human kidney, I pointed out three main facts: (i) the constant presence of special cells in the afferent arterioles of the normal kidney and their principal morphological characters, pecially their fuinophilic granulations; (2) their identity with the so-Called neuromuscular cells in the vascular glomera as described by Masson; (3) their possible relationship to the mfehanism of hypertension. Since then this cellar apparatus has been studied in numerous publications and the various views exressed on this subject as well as some new developments concerning the significance of these cels have been reviewed recently by H. W. Smith in his Harvey Lecture on renal circulation. Upon raing this study one cannot but be impressed by a series of conflicting statements concerning this cellular apparatus. The etence of cells,which is affirmed by some authors, is denied by others, and often one has the impression that statements referring to certain structures are implicitly applied to others for which they have never been claimed The main reason for this confusion is that, curious as it may be, most of the authors, including myself, who have first studied these cells were unaware of previous publications concerning the same or similar elements. Different technics were applied which did not always give the same results. Analogies were established which, upon closer emiation, proved to be far from obvious and, finally, theories were advanced which from the beginning lacked al material proof. The picture thus created appears rather confusing. The principal facts may be sumarze as follows. Ruyter first called attention to structural peuliarities of the afferent glomerular artery characterized by a disappearance of the internal elastic membrane and by a thickenng of the muscular layer due to the presence of granular cells. These cells seem to originate from muscular elemenlts which in successive states of transformation ge the shape of their nuclei, lose their fibrils and acquire acidophilic granulations. Ruyter studied these cells in mice; he was able to see them also in rats but he stated explitly that he could not fnd them in the kidneys of man, monkey, dog, cat, rabbit, or guinea-pig.


Ten strains of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon fios-aquae were obtained in unialgal culture by isolating single colonies from samples of waterbloom collected in south central Saskatchewan and eastern Ontario. Two strains from Saskatchewan produced large, ribbon-like colonies up to 30 mm long and 5 to 6 mm wide in a


The project concentrated on model development. Reactor physics modeling involved establishing accurate models with PC versions of COMBINE and VENTURE. Fuel performance analysis will start with METAL- LIFE. In order to justify the change of fuel to metal alloy, large benefits will have to be found; the cost benefit reported is not sufficient. The fuel pin will be annular and contact the clad; the clad thickness will force the fuel to grow toward the central hole. This report reports: design improvements, neutronic model development, COBRA modifications, reactor kinetics model development, RELAP code, and fuel performance.


Recovery of soy oligosaccharide and protein from the soy whey wastewater is not only benefit to protect environment,but also can increase profit for enterprises.Soy oligosaccharide were recovered by removing the protein in wastewater with ultrafiltration membrane and removing salt and concentrating with nanofiltration membrane,then the permeate was processed by reverse osmosis.Different type membranes were selected.The results showed that the treated water quality of outlet was better than the first grade standard of GB 8978-1996 Wastewater Discharge Standard of China.Moreover the technology has many characteristics such as saving energy,reducing operation cost.


Abstract Serialists need to be prepared to do more than just "surf the Web" to find interesting sites. In this workshop, participants learn basic HTML coding and create a professional or departmental home page with links to Web sites useful to serialists. Techniques covered include basic HTML tagging, creating hot links, including images in Web pages, and using colors and other design tools. An introduction to HTML editing software and procedures for converting documents from other formats to HTML was also covered.


PURPOSE: To provide the accurate size information of an extremely fine flaw or grain by providing the process integrating the intensity of the scattered light of the grain or flaw. CONSTITUTION: A laser beam LB emitted from a light source 1 is converted into the parallel light flux by a cylindrical lens 2, it is then squeezed by a spherical lens 3, and a sample 4 is illuminated with the linear light flux or the converged light flux. Scattering is generated by a grain or a flaw in the sample 4 via this incidence, the scattered light in the direction crossing the optical path of the light flux fed to the sample 4 is received by an image pickup element 5 via an optical system 9, and it is processed by an image processor 6 to obtain a grain image. Image processing is performed by a CPU 7 based on this image information, and the integration calculation of the scatter intensity on the individual grain is performed. The scatter intensity is proportional to the sixth power of the diameter of the grain, and the size information of the individual grain can be obtained based on the integrated intensity of the scattered light. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The emergence of persistent political hierarchy and economic inequality beginning about eleven thousand years ago may be explained in part by the novel equilibrium network structures that post-Pleistocene ecological and economic conditions supported. I explore how changes in the nature of wealth and the division of labor could have induced transitions among three stable network structures: symmetric networks with little political hierarchy or economic inequality, asymmetrical networks with political hierarchy but little economic inequality and asymmetrical networks with both hierarchy and inequality. As in Kets, Iyengar, Sethi and Bowles (2009), the distribution of benefits on these networks is limited by the feasible coalitions that may withdraw from the existing network, where membership in a coalition is restricted to those who are within distance k in the network. A distribution of benefits on a network is stable if no feasible coalition can benefit by deviating from the network. In addition to k, the key determinant in the mapping from economic conditions to the above three equilibrium networks is the extent of intermediation decay in network benefits and the degree of intergenerational transmission of a population's important forms of wealth. Ethnographic and archaeological data from forager, horticultural and herding populations illustrate the model.


The first three volumes of Siraj al-tawarikh are published as a set consisting of 6 parts. Volume One (The Saduza'i Era) contains a geographical sketch of Afghanistan and its political history from 1747 to 1843. Volume Two (The Muhammadza'i Era) covers the period 1843-1880 and is based mainly on Persian texts and oral sources. Volume Three (The Reign of Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Khan) covers the period 1880-1896. This volume (published here in four parts) is a documentary history of the period and contains verbatim transcripts of some 400 decrees and letters originating at the court as well as petitions sent to it.


In this paper, we propose a model of mobile cognitive radio network after fully considering the analysis method of network connectivity based on random way-point (RWP) mobility scheme. The closed-form solution of connectivity probability has been derived to evaluate the network performance in this model. And it shows that the network connectivity is related to the size of mobile cognitive radio network, the number of secondary users, the transmission range of secondary users and primary users, the interference range of secondary users and primary users, the number of primary users and the activity factor of primary users. Simulation results are good agreement with numerical results, which verifies our theoretical analysis is correct and reasonable.


Leaves of higher terrestrial plants have small pores — stomata — responsible for gas exchange. The opening of each stoma results from the osmotic uptake of water by two specialised cells — the guard cells. Because of the involvement in this mechanism of ATPase-proton pumps and active transport of ions across membranes, we have designed an Exploring Guard Cell Movement activity for biology teachers to provide a practical approach to some relevant aspects of bioenergetics and plant physiology.


ABSTRACT This paper discusses the network design problem (NDP), solved for travel time minimization and road safety maximization. Similarly to other NDP models, the model is formulated as a bi-level multi-objective optimization problem. The estimation of the system time benefit and safety benefit is performed using previously developed methods. Two different approaches are applied and discussed for solving the problem: the constrained multi-objective optimization and the multi-objective genetic algorithm. Both approaches are tested on a real-size network, using a large set of candidate projects. The paper presents a discussion regarding the different optimal solutions obtained, emphasizing the relative attractiveness of the candidate projects.


The difference in the employment of the term Alestehsan, and the extent to which properties should be available in what is a source in the legislation of Alestehsan; one of the most important disputes between fundamentalists about plaudits methodology, as well as the formation of mental focus as President of the essence of acclaim.
This research aims to the statement of facts of these problems, and the position of fundamentalists , and a statement that the plaudits methodology is based on the four elements are: issue Alestehsan, and the rule of the general rule, the flow, and the of revealing way of it which is Alestehsan document.


We consider the quartic analogue of the Kontsevich model, which is defined by a measure $\exp(-N\,\mathrm{Tr}(E\Phi^2+(\lambda/4)\Phi^4)) d\Phi$ on Hermitean $N \times N$-matrices, where $E$ is any positive matrix and $\lambda$ a scalar. We prove that the two-point function is a rational function evaluated at roots of another rational function $J$ constructed from the spectrum of $E$. This rationality is strong support for the conjecture that the quartic analogue of the Kontsevich model is integrable. We also solve the large-$N$ limit to unbounded operators $E$. The renormalised two-point function is given by an integral formula involving a regularisation of $J$.


Egyptian elite representation in the Twenty-seventh Dynasty features a number of statues with Persian honour awards. The following paragraphs discuss the socio-cultural significance of displaying Persian jewellery in the statues of Udjahorresnet in the Musei Vaticani, of Ptahhotep in the Brooklyn Museum, and of a man of unknown name in the Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. The context of these persika will be contrasted to those in the tomb reliefs of Petosiris in Tuna el-Gebel, which open up very different lines of interpretation.


The influence of a constant transverse electric field on the dynamics of longwave, weakly nonlinear flow of a viscous dielectric liquid film down a vertical wall is studied. An amplitude integrodifferential equation in partial derivatives of the Kuramoto-Sivashinskii equation type, which describes the behavior of the free surface of the layer, is derived using the method of multiscale stretching. In the case considered, the potential energy of the electric field is a source of longwave perturbations, but, on the whole, secondary regimes are apparently nonlinearly steady. Probably, the electric polarization effects studied can be used as a factor that governs the dynamics of film flow.


In recent years, the accurate control of the antenna pointing system faced an increasing development. New model and control scheme are here proposed to optimize the stability of a tracking platform for non-geostationary satellite antenna. Two different control schemes are compared to control the antenna; a conventional linear PI control scheme, and a FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller)-based non-linear control scheme. Moreover, in this paper we consider the antenna tracking based on traditional actuator using only DC motor compared to a hybrid linear actuator consisting of a DC motor and a lead screw in series with a piezoelectric stack. The performances of these strategies and their characteristics are analyzed and discussed. The proposed schemes are modeled in Matlab/Simulink environment in order to validate their practical applications by computer simulations.


Transmit diversity is created in the regular cooperative diversity (RCD) networks when the selected nodes assist the source by relaying its information signal to the destination using orthogonal channels to avoid co-channel interference. This decomposition is necessary because practical limitations in radio implementation prevent the relay from simultaneously transmitting and receiving on the same channel. K relays in RCD require K+1 channels which shows that as the number of relays increases the number of required channels increases linearly. This increase in channels gives fundamental drawback in all cooperative diversity networks. So if this problem is not addressed the cooperative diversity networks will lose attractiveness for high data rate, high efficiency communications. In this paper this problem is addressed tried to find a solution. The performance of the best-relay selection scheme will be examined in which only the "best" relay takes part in relaying, therefore only two channels take part in transmission regardless of the number of relays. The relay node that gives the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination node is considered to be the best relay. A general mathematic probability model is presented and examined the performance of best-relay selection using amplify and forward (AF) scheme.


In order to. improve the system vacuum degree, the HIRFL post-beam line vacuum system has been upgraded. At the same time, the positions or contents of the experimental terminal have been changed and a new curing cancer beam line has been built up. The length of the HIRFL post-beam line vacuum system has been added up to 128 m from previous 108 m. It is required that the system vacuum degree must not be lower than 1×10^-5 Pa after upgraded. Fig.1 3hows a part of the upgrading HIRFL post-beam line vacuum system.


Modelling and Simulation of a Four Legged Robot Legged animals are capable of rapid movement, are efficient from the point of view of the energy and are able to adapt their gait depending on environmental conditions. Motions like walking, trotting, galloping and jumping, are difficult to evaluate and replicate due to their being consequence of tricky interaction of different system like the musculoskeletal system and the central and peripheral nervous systems, not to mention the in influence of the environment. In this paper we present the implementation, the test, and we study the response of, a four-legged robot with 1 DOF for each leg and with motors placed on the hip. We want to focalize the attention on the response of the system according to the vary of the rotational springs placed in the passive knees. In a second phase, we showed how the response of the system change with adding a flexible spine made with a passive joint and a rotational spring, that split in two half the robot.


NEMO is the European "Network of Excellence on Micro-Optics". One of the objectives is to disseminate knowledge on micro-optics. Therefore NEMO plans to inform pupils about the crucial role of micro-optics This is done through the distribution of an educational kit to their physics/technology teachers. This kit has been realized through a cooperative action of different partners of the NEMO-network all over Europe. It contains a variety of replicated micro-optical refractive and diffractive components, and a semiconductor laser source. The kit is supplemented with a CD-ROM which explains the basic concepts and describes possible experiments and experimental setups. It contains also a computer tutorial which simulates the optical processes of image formation. It is hoped that this will encourage interest in optics and, more generally, in science as an area of future study and as a possible career choice. At the conference the realization and the lay out of the EduKit will be commented and a demonstration will be given.


Free iron has been assumed to potentiate oxygen toxicity by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the iron‐catalyzed Haber‐Weiss reaction, leading to oxidative stress. ROS‐mediated iron cytotoxicity may trigger apoptotic cell death. In the present study, we used iron treatment of organotypic cultures of hippocampal slices to study potential mechanisms involved in iron‐induced neuronal damage. Exposure of mature hippocampal slices to ferrous sulfate resulted in concentration‐ and time‐dependent cell death. After iron treatment, markers of ROS formation and lipid peroxidation, i.e. intensity of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence and levels of thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARS), were significantly increased. Levels of cytochrome c were increased while levels of pro‐caspase‐9 and pro‐caspase‐3 were decreased in cytosolic fractions of iron‐treated hippocampal slice cultures. Treatment of cultured slices with a synthetic catalytic ROS scavenger, EUK‐134, provided between 50 and 70% protection against various parameters of cell damage and markers of oxidative stress. In addition, inhibition of caspase‐3 activity by Ac‐DEVDcho partially protected cells from iron toxicity. The combination of EUK‐134 and Ac‐DEVDcho resulted in an almost complete blockade of iron‐induced damage. These results indicate that iron elicits cellular damage predominantly by oxidative stress, and that ROS‐mediated iron toxicity may involve cytochrome c‐ and caspase‐3‐dependent apoptotic pathways.


called "ipon", is an important fishery in the Philippines that is threatened by increasing demand and exploitation of the resource. The continuing decline of the "ipon" population calls for effective fisheries management and conservation. Unfortunately, effective management efforts are hindered by the unresolved identities of the goby fry species which comprise "ipon." Here, we provide the first report of Awaous ocellaris as one of the species included in the "ipon" fishery in Aparri, Cagayan, We used the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), that is used by the International Barcode of Life (IBOL) as a standard taxonomic DNA marker for vertebrate species. The results provide important information on the identity of "ipon" which is vital to ensuring the sustainability of the resource. G KEYWORDS


Air-dried sausage (ADS) is a kind of Chinese traditional spontaneous fermented sausages, and is popular to consumers. In order to investigate the changes of volatile components from ADS during processing, solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was employed to extract volatiles from samples of different processing stages. And then, volatile compounds were separated and identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this work, 19, 25 and 29 kinds of volatile compounds were identified from samples periodically taken at 0 d, 2 d and 7 d. 32 volatile compounds were identified in total during the entire process. The main volatile compounds during the processing of ADS were ethyl alcohol, hexanal, D-limonene, 2-pentanone and hexanoic acid ethyl ester. Branched-chain aldehydes: 3-methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal were also detected and identified. The formation of these volatile compounds may be attributed to the added alcohol, spices, fat oxidation, amino acid metabolism, microbial activity and the interaction between these factors.


We present the first results of a Resonant Inverse Photoemission investigation of mixed-valent cerium compounds. A two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the spectral intensity is observed when the excitation energy crosses the Ce M 5 (3d 5/2 → 4f) absorption edge. The complex lineshape of the resonance reflects the hybrid character of the ground state, and is qualitatively interpreted in the framework of the Anderson impurity model. Resonant Inverse photoemission appears as a new and powerful probe of the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials


It is critical to confirm the optimum dose and the active duration of the sterilization by quinestrol on rodents for some studies and practices. We fed female and male Brandt's voles 5 doses of 0. 5 mg / kg,1. 0 mg / kg,2. 0 mg / kg,3. 0 mg / kg,or 6. 0 mg / kg quiestrol for 7 consecutive days. We then assessed their anti-fertility effects on the voles by analyzing reproduction indices including birth date,reproductive rate and reproductive capacity. Results showed that quinestrol delayed the breeding of Brandt's voles in the lab,but the effect was not significant due to the small sample size. In 90 days,some doses of quinestrol decreased the reproductive rate and average litter size of female and male,however,the inhibitory effect still was not significant,again possibly due to small sample size; some doses of quinestrol decreased markedly the reproductive capacity of Brandt's voles. The suppression effects were not significantly correlated with the doses of quinestrol. The optimum doses of quinestrol causing sterility were below 2. 0 mg / kg for male and 1. 0 mg / kg for female. The dose applyed for Brandt's vole should be below 2. 0 mg / kg,which can reduce total litter size of Brandt's vole obviously within 90 days.


Despite cinema having become a popular public place for Chinese citizens, the tendency among few Chinese citizens to admit the significance of behaving well in cinema seriously interferes with the audience's experience of watching movies and the atmosphere in cinemas has not nearly shared at all. Focusing on the causes of uncivilized behaviors, this paper proposes three main causes through literature research, questionnaires, interviews and other methods. Firstly, historical factors lead to the fact that Chinese audiences are not able to develop the habit of watching movies in a civilized way. Secondly, the audience is unconsciously engaged in rude behaviors. The low moral level of audiences and the lack of consciousness to avoid uncivilized behaviors are taken into account and regarded as the third factor. This paper suggests that some uncivilized behaviors can be solved by the following methods: 1) People's awareness of watching movies civilly can be enhanced by reminding people through the publicity video, 2) Exert an influence on the bilateral prevention of uncivilized behaviors involved with others throughout the whole film and improve the overall viewing environment. The study also finds out that the uncivilized behaviors haven't been effectively improved via warnings made by staff towards audiences before watching films.


Edible fruits and vegetables are easily degraded or denatured by several reasons especially from environmental factors. Due that the shelf life of plant materials are drastically reduced. It may affect the economic value of individual persons. From this research work was undertaken few selected curd samples, tomato samples and grapes from various areas for selecting significant lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Screening of probiotics was done by the detection of antagonistic activities, acid and bile salt tolerance test, antibiotic resistance test and sensitivity pattern and antimicrobial activity study. In the present studies, total 52 fruit flora bacterial cultures were isolated from two different site oriented tomato and grapes.LAB colonies in 10-5 dilution were expressed good loading capacity in curd sample, grapes and tomato. In antagonistic activity, Lactobacillus delburecki and Lactobacillus sp. were observed highest zone against Shigella sp. From this, Lacto bacillus delburecki and Lactobacillus sp. were actively preserved the selected vegetables. They were increased the shelf-life and reduced the degradation of the samples


The phenology, morphology and biomass production of nine velvetbean ( Mucuna pruriens var. utilis ) lines were evaluated at Homestead, Fla. The time from seeding to first flo- ral buds ranged from 69-135 days, to first blooms 89-153 days, and to first pods 103-160 days. The nine lines initiated bloom- ing in a certain order, which could be described either by cal- endar days or degree-days. Five lines had an indeterminate flowering habit, while four were determinate. Lines 2, 5 and 7 produced the most biomass and line 8 the least. The petiole constitutes 14% to 28% of total leaf weight. Leaf weight at bloom accounted for 62% of above-ground plant weight in in- determinate lines, and 70 to 81% in determinate lines. The pe- riod from first bloom to first pods spanned 10 weeks. Differences in velvetbean growth habits may be used to stag- ger planting dates of vegetables. Growers may implement a strategy of "one time planting" of several velvetbean lines of various maturation rates each on a fraction of their acreage. Two weeks in advance of each vegetable planting, the appro- priate velvetbean line would be soil-incorporated, and this pro- cess would be repeated at appropriate intervals allowing staggered vegetable planting over ten weeks. Florida accounts for almost all of the U.S. winter produc- tion of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sweet corn ( Zea may s L.) (Hansen et al., 1999). One compo- nent of a sustainable south Florida production system is the implementation of summer cover crops such as sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L.), Dolichus lablab L., cowpea ( Vigna unguic- ulata (L.) Walp.), and velvetbean ( Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (Wall. ex Wright) Baker ex Burck) (Abdul-Baki et al., 2005). The number of leguminous cover crop species well suited for use in tropical and subtropical environments is quite limited, and each has certain limitations when used without rotation. Thus, in developing sustainable cropping systems there is a need to identify additional well-suited cover crop species so that they can be rotated within the cropping system. It is nec- essary to understand the growth patterns and morphological traits of various lines of each cover crop species in order to make use of the full potential of each line with respect to a giv- en production system. Velvetbean is a vigorous annual legume which possesses many desirable agronomic attributes. As a ground cover it re- duces erosion, fixes N (Harrison et al., 2004), suppresses weeds (Baijkya et al., 2005), reduces populations of certain plant-parasitic nematodes (Vargas-Ayala and Rodriguez-Kaba- na, 2001), assimilates and sequesters left over nutrients and increases crop yields (Abdul-Baki et al., 2005). In south Flori- da velvetbean can be grown in the rainy summer months in rotation with vegetable crops grown in the dry winter months. Use of velvetbean in rotation with vegetables may be con- sidered as a component of best management practices (BMPs). The goal of this research was to elucidate the growth habits, morphology and phenological characteristics of nine velvetbean lines in order to utilize them effectively in various cropping systems.


To study initial conditions for participatory power market formation based on renewable energy sources (RES) in Iran after complete accomplishment of the economic evolutionary plan, a case study for a residential building has been conducted to consider the effects of the most important parameters. So, a model of power market including three parts: consumption, production and regulations, has been optimized to achieve to a micro cost effective system of participatory power market regarding distributed gene ration from RES. The results indicate that the power tariff structure and rates, RES technology capital cost and economic conditions are prominent parameters. As well, to initiate the power market, a revised power tariff structure and rates are suggested; namely, a plan for shifting peak load hours from evening to day hours is essential. Also, it is demonstrated that the policy of establishing a participatory power market included photovoltaic distributed generation systems must be pursued in the economic evolutionary plan with emphasis on development of zero energy cost buildings.


Vegetation dynamic change and species diversity in Batuta were studied with field investigation and statistical analysis.Analyze vegetation restoration under the influence of Salix sandy barrier deeply.The result shows species gradually increase.Agriophyllum squrrosum and Psammochloa villosa community change Salix Cheilophila Schntid artifactitious vegetation community.No species was disappeared in succession.Between the species diversity and the time sandy barrier was positive correlation.So,sandy barrier is key to vegetation restoration.


The utility model relates to a rapid hot-air sterilizer, which is used by the scientific research and medical treatment units to dry and sterilize various materials. The rapid hot-air sterilizer comprises a drying box and a control box. The drying box comprises a box body, a liner, a heating device, a fan and a bottom stud, wherein the liner is arranged in the box body; the back part of the liner is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the fan is arranged at the air inlet; the heating device is arranged at the air outlet; the bottom stud is arranged on the bottom of the box body; and the control box is arranged above the drying box and comprises a timer, a temperature controller, an alarm, a communication interface and a power supply switch. The utility model is reasonable in structure design. According to the utility model, the heating device made from carbon fiber tube materials is utilized. The advanced far infrared heating technique is utilized to rapidly heat the heated object, wherein the drying and sterilizing time is obviously shortened and the temperature fluctuation is small. Meanwhile, the advanced devices, such as a high-precision liquid crystal display temperature controller, an intelligent temperature control system, a timer, and the like, are utilized, so the operation is more convenient and safe.


1. Apparatus for making continuous records of the activity of isolated and undisturbed goldfish is described, together with a method for measuring oxygen consumption and activity simultaneously.2. The goldfish were quite variable in their patterns and rates of activity under the experimental conditions. Some fish were diurnally active and nocturnally quiescent, others followed the opposite pattern and still others were arhythmic throughout the periods during which they were observed. Moreover, some fish showed both rhythmic and arhythmic states of activity when studied for periods extending over several weeks or months.3. Food, light and minor disturbances had pronounced effects on the activity of the goldfish.4. Simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption and activity are presented which indicate that the two are closely related above the basal level of oxygen consumption.5. The bearing of these observations on the collection and interpretation of data on the oxygen consumption of the goldfish and on...


The trend of inflation in Nigeria has been startling and there was relatively little knowledge of how volatility in stock market prices could influence future inflation in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to determine how inflation trends could be explained by stock market booms and burst. To achieve the stated objective, the study applied the Hodrick-Prescott Filter and Contemporaneous Correlation test on secondary dataset for Nigeria from 1985-2017. The secondary dataset were gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics Annual Statistical Report. Variables relevant to the objective of the study like CPI (consumer price index or inflation) and MCAP/GDP (stock market capitalization to GDP) were analyzed. Findings from the Contemporaneous Correlation test revealed that there is a countercyclical relationship between stock prices and inflation rate. This means that changes in inflation rate happen after changes or fluctuations in stock prices. The Hodrick-Prescott Filter confirmed this finding by showing that this relationship between stock prices and inflation is evident in the past behaviour of inflation and stock prices. This implies that inflation tends to rise when stock prices are falling and inflation falls when stock prices are rising. The study hence, recommends that policies that extend the stock market cycles should be adopted as it has been proven to reduce the inflation rate significantly.


Composite catalysts consisting of conventional PtRu/C electrocatalysts and TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2ns−PtRu/C) were prepared to explore the effect of nanostructured titanium dioxides as additives toward the electrooxidation of methanol and preadsorbed CO. An increase in the electrochemically active PtRu surface area and methanol oxidation activity was observed for a composite catalyst with a low TiO2ns content, whereas composites with a high content tended to have a lower catalytic activity compared with pristine PtRu/C. After conducting accelerated degradation tests by potential cycling between 50 and 800 mV versus RHE at 60 °C, almost all of the activity of the unmodified PtRu/C catalyst was lost. In contrast, methanol oxidation was still observed after potential cycling for the composite catalysts, with the best catalyst exhibiting an almost 10-fold higher activity compared with PtRu/C. The enhanced durability of the catalyst is discussed based on the ability of the TiO2 nanosheet to suppress the Ru loss f...


In th is paper an anti radiation measure circuit of the electric pulse time interval by SOI CMOS technology is presented. Based on the description of circuit principle s, the layout design and anti radiation design are carried out. An optimized pr ocess for F + ion implating by experiments is introduced, which restrain the drift of the threshold voltage of SOI CMOS device and improve the anti radiatio n of the circuit. The chip is fabricated and tested by this process. The results show that the circuit has a good performance on speed, power dissipation and an ti radiation.


This work was conducted to provide the reference data of radioactivity in the foodstuffs at a radiological emergency situation in Jeju Island The sampled foodstuffs were agricultural (31), livestock (6), marine (12) and forest products (4), and processed foods (3) consumed by Jeju Islanders. and activities were determined by HPGe r-ray spectromety. The activity ranges of was fresh in the agricultural products, . fresh in the livestock, fresh in the forest, fresh in the marine and . fresh in the processed foods (tea). In case of the activity was . fresh in the agricultural products, fresh in the livestock, fresh in the forest, fresh in the marine, and fresh in the processed foods (tea). The highest activity of , 834mBq/kg fresh was observed in oak mushroom and 1,065 Bq/kg fresh in coffee. Annual effective doses of and by intake of foodstuffs per capita were the following order; agricultural products (66,543 nSv) > livestock products (19,311 nSv) > processed foods (6,648 nSv) > marine products (6,579 nSv) > forest products (860 nSv). Therefore, total annual effective dose was summed 99,941 nSv which is quite low level comparing to the annual effective dose by external exposure, 2,400,000 nSv. The data obtained in this study can be useful for monitoring whether the foodstuffs are contaminated or not at an emergency radiation accident, and showed that the foodstuffs consumed in Jeju are safe in terms of annual effective dose of and


Objective: To investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) UL137 gene in low passage clinical isolates.Methods: The entire HCMV UL136 and UL138 gene regions,which covered the entire UL137 gene region,of clinical isolates in which positive HCMV-DNA was detected by using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Amplified PCR products were sequenced,and the encoding sequence of UL137 gene was spliced. Results: The nucleotide sequence of UL137 open reading frame was obtained from 22 clinical isolates.The nucleotide mutations mainly located between 220 to 290 bp and were all base substitutions,but neither insertions nor deletions were found.In UL137 amino acid sequences,2 new cysteines were added,which led to the addition of myristoylation site and corresponding deletion of sulfation cAMP site in 17 clinical isolates.Conclusion: HCMV UL137 gene in low-passage clinical isolates was highly conserved, regardless of their polymorphism.


Based on level pipeline gas-dust explosion device,two obstacle shapes are designed with different shapes of annular and semicircle.Obstacles'floor plans are drawn and produced;and its best laying position is confirmed.Based on all of this,the accelerating principle of obstacle's blame is studied.


PM10 was one of the main pollution factors in air pollution and was usually measured by using β-ray method.The measuring uncertainty of BAM-1020 β-ray auto-measuring dust instrument was assessed.The factors affecting the uncertainty were evaluated and the results could accurately reflect the measurement confidence and accuracy.


In the present study the quality of interpretation services is measured against the judgements, needs and expectations of users of that service. Using the methods of empirical social sciences research, it brings together the evaluations produced by a wide range of users and attempts to interpret their significance. User responses were obtained in the context in which the respondents were making use of the interpretation services and the data has been analysed against that background. In addition to the situational context, and to the extent that the empirical data permits, account has also been taken of the degree to which respondents' individual characteristics may have influenced their responses to or expectations of interpreter performance. The full questionnaire and survey results are available on the following web sites: http://www.benjamins.nl and http://mambo.ucsc.edu/psl/dwm.html.


of the penitentiary for and procedure of the search; specific specialists and means; should be used; specific actions in their absence and alter-native methods of transmission of operational information; sought. – the object, the objective side, the subject and the subjective side. In addition, conducting a survey of the area or premises requires the use of a number of tactics and forensic techniques.


Criticism of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and its efforts to put forth recommendations and data based on core public health practice and principles is contrary to the realities of the work that the CDC has done on preparedness in past decades In 2001, the CDC funded a project intended to facilitate the development of an integrated national system of Academic Centers for Public Health Preparedness (CPHPs) to train frontline public health professionals who respond to bioterrorist incidents and other emerging infectious diseases Nineteen CPHPs were funded until the program was discontinued in August 2010 and replaced by 14 Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers, whose funding ended in 2018 2 CPHPs worked to identify core principles for public health preparedness and response, strategies for local and state data collection, and curricula and best practices for educating the public health and first responder workforce


With Rydberg dipole interactions, a mesoscopic atomic ensemble may behave like a two-level single atom, resulting in the so-called picture of superatom. It is in potential a strong candidate as a qubit in quantum information science, especially for efficient coupling with single photons via collective enhancement that is essential for building quantum internet to connect remote quantum computers. Previously, preliminary studies have been carried out in demonstrating basic concept of Rydberg superatom, a single-photon source, and entanglement with a single photon, etc. While a crucial element of single-shot qubit measurement is still missing. Here we realize the deterministic measurement of a superatom qubit via photon burst in a single shot. We make use of a low-finesse ring cavity to enhance the atom-photon interaction and obtain an in-fiber retrieval efficiency of 44%. Harnessing dipole interaction between two Rydberg levels, we may either create a sequence of multiple single photons or nothing, conditioned on the initial qubit state. We achieve a single-shot measurement fidelity of 93.2% in 4.8 us. Our work complements the experimental toolbox of harnessing Rydberg superatom for quantum information applications.


Once he gets down to the events leading immediately to the First Mithridatic War, Appianos, often regarded as a not very good historian, presents a consistently coherent interpretation of events. 1 After initially acquiescing in the restoration of Ariobarzanes to Kappadokia, Mithridates expels him again, and Nikomedes from Bithynia. Manius Aquillius restores them, and when Nikomedes is forced by the Romans into a plundering raid of Pontos, he meets no opposition as Mithridates wanted "many and just complaints for war" (Mith. 11). Pelopidas, aware that the Roman officers wanted to start a war, pretended otherwise, to acquire "more, and more fitting, reasons for the coming war" (Mith. 13). He tells the Romans that Mithridates was not weak or unprepared to defend himself. The Bithynians agree. Mithridates, they maintained, had been plotting against Nikomedes for a long time; he expelled Nikomedes, whom you Romans confirmed on the throne, a move designed more against you than against us; he pays no heed to your orders, such as your ban on Asian kings entering Europe (his annexation of the Chersonese demonstrates that). Furthermore just look at his massive preparations, they urge: Thrace, Scythia, Armenia as allies, the Ptolemies and Seleukids being courted too, and a huge fleet. Against whom is this all designed? Not against us, but against you Romans. He is angry with you about Phrygia and Kappadokia, and he is afraid of your growing power. Such was the Bithynian case. After yet another Pontic invasion of Kappadokia, Pelopidas presents the Roman envoys with a summary of Mithridates' complaints, coupled with a threatening inventory of Pontic military strength, and an offer to send the whole dispute to Rome for arbitration. But the Romans have made up their mind about what they are going to do, and Pelopidas is summarily dismissed. Appianos does not state it directly, but although the Roman ambassadors had said only that they would be restoring Ariobarzanes to Kappadokia, the positioning of the Roman allied forces (Mith. 17) makes it quite clear that they intended far more than this. Appianos had no doubt that the war was now about to begin. After the war, Mithridates claims the Roman generals started it and he just acted in self-defence, out of necessity rather than design (Mith. 56), but Sulla will have none of it: you brought on the war, he says, by preventing the restoration of Nikomedes; you had been planning war for a long time hoping to rule the world: events in Kappadokia, Phrygia and Bithynia were


The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity of achieving an uninterrupted and reliable operation of systems associated with the transportation of georesources. An important component of the engineering structures of these systems are bridge crossings. On the streams of the mountain zone, these crossings are often performed single-span. In the transition sections for establishing the bridge supports, the width of the river narrows, which leads to erosion of the bottom soil. The mark of the sole of the support and the very conditions of its long-term operation, depends on the accuracy of determining the maximum amount of erosion of the bottom of the river. From this point of view the problem under consideration is topical and will follow a solution that is of important practical value. The main aim of the work is modelling of channel transformations processes running at bridge crossing sections in mountain foothill zones and developing a calculation method for determining riverbeds deformations. The objects of the present study are initial parameters of the stream and channel characteristics of waterways in mountain foothill zones, hydrodynamic processes occurring at the bridge crossing section in rivers of a mountain foothill zone; channel deformations of the bottom; boundary conditions of the problem and the shape of the cross section of the channel. Methods. As a result of a relatively complete analysis of existing works the current state of the set problem has been assessed and the ways of development were marked; physical and theoretical modeling of the channel transformation at the bridge crossing area was performed; boundary conditions for various structural solutions of bridge crossings were determined; a method for hydraulic calculation of channel transformations at bridge crossings was developed for streams of mountain-foothills; numerical example was calculated according to the developed methods and the obtained results were analysed.  Results. The paper introduces the physical model of the final stable stage of channel transformations at the bridge crossing section. The hydrological, hydraulic and channel parameters that are initial in solving the problem are identified. A mathematical model of nonuniform flow motion in the conditions of the transformed river bottom of the transition section was compiled taking into consideration equations of energy, continuity of flow and sediment balance. At the same time, the problem in view is aimed at establishing such a position of the bridge crossing bottom when the channel erosion will come to the end and the steady-state flow – restored. In elaborations boundary and boundary conditions of the problem were established. Dependences of the transverse form of the channel and the Shezy formula were also used. As a result of joint solutions of the above expressions a calculation method was developed to establish the position of the stabilized bottom on the transitional section of the river and hydraulic parameters of the flow. A numerical example of calculation made for determining the coordinates of the stabilized bottom and free surface in a bridge crossing is presented. The estimation of calculation results is given. The authors have made a conclusion on possibility of using the proposed method in calculations of parameters of transitional sections of mountain-foothill rivers.


Objective:To study the different effects on C\|reactive protein(CRP),interleukin\|6(IL\|6) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule\|1(sICAM\|1) between cutting balloon angioplasty and conventional balloon angioplasty.Method:Patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease were divided into two groups,one group accepted cutting balloon angioplasty,the other group accepted coventional balloon angioplasty.Serum levels of CRP,IL\|6 and sICAM\|1 were measured before,1,6,24,48 hours after angioplasty.Result:The clinic and lesion characteristics were similar in both groups.The levels of CRP and IL\|6 increased at 6 h and reached their maxima at 24 h after angioplasty.The sICAM\|1 level increased at 1 h and reached its peak at 6 h.The levels of sICAM\|1 at 1,6,24,48 hours after cutting balloon angioplasty were lower than that after conventional balloon angioplasty.The CRP and IL\|6 levels at 6,24,48 hours after cutting balloon angioplasty were less than that after conventional balloon angioplasty.The maximum inflation pressure(MIP)of cutting balloon angioplasty was significantly smaller than that of conventional balloon angioplasty.Conclusion:Balloon angioplasty increased CRP,IL\|6 and sICAM\|1 levels.These changes were smaller in the cutting balloon angioplasty group than that in the conventional balloon angioplasty group.This suggests that cutting balloon angioplasty may produce less vessel wall injury,which may account for the lower rate of restenosis.


We derive general analytic expressions for the chromatic dispersion orders valid to infinity, due to the k vector or phase {\phi} dependence on the wavelength. Additionally, we identify polynomials and recursion relations associated with the chromatic dispersion orders and draw analogy to the generalized Lah and Laguerre transformations. Further, we give explicitly the dispersion terms to the 10th order and visualize the chromatic dispersion for material, grating and prism-pair compressors and hollow-core photonic anti-resonant fiber. These simple formulas are applicable for material dispersion, compressors, stretchers, waveguides, and any other type of known frequency-dependent phase.


Simple Summary At Istituto Oncologico Veneto we are providing a geriatric assessment to all patients aged 70 years and older since 2003. Soft tissue sarcoma are really rare neoplasm and we, as a referral centre, evaluate a high volume of patients, so we decided to conduct this study to describe the geriatric multidisciplinary management and also the role the geriatric tools in the decision making and in assessing the prognosis. Abstract Background: Incidences of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) steadily increase with age. Yet, despite the high prevalence in advanced age, older patients (pts) are underrepresented in sarcoma clinical trials and evidence-based guidelines for chemotherapy are lacking. International oncological societies suggest using geriatric tools to evaluate older patients with cancer to optimise treatment indication. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional assessment of older subjects, based on which pts can be classified as fit, vulnerable or frail. Onco-MPI (multidimensional prognostic index) is a CGA-based score which also considers tumour characteristics, classifying pts into three risk groups of death at one year: high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective study which aims at describing real-word management and outcomes of older pts with advanced stage STS and at assessing the ability of CGA and onco-MPI to predict survival in these pts. Consecutive pts with advanced stage STS aged 70 years or older and treated at the Istituto Oncologico Veneto from January 2009 to June 2020 were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Pts' demographics, CGA assessments and tumour characteristics were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with R version 3.4.3 Results: Out of 101 pts, with a median age of 77 years, 76 received chemotherapy (75.3%), which was anthracycline-based for 46 pts (60.5%). Anthracyclines were used in a higher proportion in fit pts (58.9% fit vs. 45.1% vulnerable vs. 12.5% frail pts). Frail pts and pts in the onco-MPI high-risk group experienced a higher rate of chemotherapy-related toxicities. Median OS was 13.8 months (95% CI 11.3–17.7 months). According to CGA, the median OS was 19.53 months (95% CI 15.23–36.8) for fit pts, 12.83 months (95% CI 9.7–17.5) for vulnerable and 7.75 months (95% CI 2.73–30) for frail pts (p = 0.005). Onco-MPI confirmed a predictive value for 1-year survival with intermediate risk pts not reaching a median OS at 1 year, and high-risk pts having a median one-year OS of 11.5 months (95%CI 9.7–NA), p = 0.02. In multivariate analysis, onco-MPI and CGA were associated with survival (high risk onco-MPI: HR 5.5, 95%CI 1.25–24.7 p = 0.02; fitness at CGA HR 0.552 95% 0.314–0.973; p = 0.040) as well as chemotherapy use (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11–0.51, p < 0.005). Conclusions: Both CGA and onco-MPI retain prognostic value for survival in pts with metastatic STS. Pts frail/vulnerable at CGA and pts within the onco-MPI high risk category should be offered an oncogeriatric management approach in order to optimise treatment-related survival and reduce toxicity.


Using the {210}-dimensional Higgs representation of the SO(10) group as an example, we demonstrate the possibility of having a stable successive symmetry breaking (or phase transition) of a compact Lie group by a single irreducible multiplet of the Higgs boson (or order parameter). Such a symmetry breaking, which is stable under small fluctuations, was hitherto conjectured to be impossible by a weaker form of Michel's conjecture. For example, one can use a single {210} to perform the stable, two-step symmetry breaking: SO(10)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} (D)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1).


ABSTRACTIn 1980s, when digital technology flourished, computer was used solely as drawing tool, while in today's architectural environment, digital technology has undertaken the role of being the main component of the architectural production process. Parametric design, algorithmic design and similar digital design methods, gathered under the title of computational design, have been an important tool in the emergence of contemporary architectural products. With its alternatives, parametric design has been one of the most important current architecture's problem solvers, enabling control of all criteria, from production of forms to efficient use of topography and natural conditions to reflection of local cultural architectural texture. Parametric design with its ability to use all the criteria limiting design as a forming tool has become an instrument that arranges relations of architecture with different disciplines such as ecology, climatology, engineering, geography, sociology, history, archeology, lighting.In this context, parametric design with its potentials such as reinterpretation of traditional architectural forms, understanding of cultural infrastructure with its all layers and considering it as a form source has become a preferred approach in societies expressing their social and cultural changes through architecture, especially in buildings such as museums and libraries they construct. On the other hand, structures' harmony designed by using parametric design with cultural and environmental factors has been another reason for preference of this method. In UAE, which is a newly established country and attempt to create its cultural memory together with its economic power, in China, which weakened its ties with past after the Mao Revolution and is struggling to change its existing culture to contemporary one to support its economic power, in Istanbul/Turkey which has multilayered historical structure, the parametric form creation methods have been utilized for the museum building's design.In this study, firstly, parametric design's role method in memory space design will be discussed theoretically. Subsequently, it is aimed to embody the discussion over three pillars that deal with parametric design method with different approaches. In this sense, the Abu Dhabi Louvre Museum in UAE, which endeavors to create its social and cultural memory, the Yinchuan Museum in China, whose ties with the past have been weakened due to political reasons, and attempts to reconstruct its ancient culture with contemporary understanding of culture, and Istanbul City Museum, which uses parametric design method to present the stratified structure of its local and cultural memory, will be reviewed as model architectural structures of the study.One of the main objectives of the study is to show how parametric design is benefited in these three structures' designs, how parametric-based form creation methods varies with these three structures, and how the relationship between cultural memory and space is configured differently with parametric methods. Additionally, in the context of the possibilities provided by parametric design, an analysis of the artefact-form relations with the environmental factors of all three museums and discussion of these relations are among the objectives of the study. In the study, descriptive survey method was pursued, and an interview was conducted with Alper Derinbogaz, architect of the Istanbul City Museum (ICM).In the conclusion, information use provided by the parametric design as a form source in formation of societies' cultural memory, cultural-environmental adaptation possibilities and flexible design understanding were assessed, and the fact that non-euclid and topological form understanding strengthens the monumentality of museum structures were discussed.Keywords: memory, memory space, museum, parametric design.


As the coming era of digitized information. The Compression is one of the indispensable techniques to solve this problem. Quality and time are two important aspects. Achieving high quality necessarily requires higher degree of skill, sophisticated design tools, advancement. The EMBDDED ZEROTREE WAVELET (EZW) algorithm, as presented by J. Shapiro, is a simple yet powerful algorithm, in which bit-streams are generated in the order of their significance in containing the image information. The original EZW algorithm scans the entire wavelet decomposed image, at a stroke, during each pass. Improvement of quality results reduction in productivity and vice versa. Thus, optimality must be maintained between quality as well as productivity. This work presents a modified method for coding images using EZW method, which works on the principal of fragmentation of the colored image. The proposed method takes the smallest unit cell, generated from the wavelet decomposed image, to encode at a time .This makes the encoding times independent of the level of wavelet decomposition. This work shows advancement in the original work of unit embedded zero tree coding .This paper is based on encoding time for color image processing while the UEZW was totally based on grayscale image. Results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in performance, in terms of encoding times, as compared to the original algorithm.


In service computing,service composition problem is one of the key technologies.Large number of candidate services in the atomic case,the classical algorithms are generally looking for the optimal solution,there is large amount of computation,the shortcomings of a long running time,ant colony optimization services portfolio problem is not finding the optimal solution,but the user can identify a feasible solution.In order to more effectively provide various services for users,a static portfolio of services in the building process,to serve a collection of atomic services discovered in the candidate quality of service for weight,the service composition problem into a directed acyclic graph,in combination of the principle of minimum costs,an improved ant colony algorithm for the search method,the number of iterations or a certain quality of service to the user to set the termination conditions for the algorithm to find that combination of candidates for service users need a collection of atoms,then fast and accurate service to the user expectations.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a diverse autoimmune rheumatic disease principally affecting women during childbearing years. The female-to-male ratio is around 9:1. Although virtually all patients have skin and joint disease between 30 and 50% will also develop renal, lung, heart and central nervous system involvement. SLE has a prevalence of approximately 40 to 200 per 100,000, occurring most commonly in Afro-Caribbean population. Its diversity of clinical features is, apparently, matched by the wide range of associated autoantibodies. Of the most commonly found are those to dsDNA, ssDNA, nucleosomes, C1q, Ro and RNP. Autoantibodies to dsDNA and nucleosomes are useful diagnostically and probably contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Its pathogenesis is a complex combination of hormonal, genetic and trigger factors (infection, ultra-violet radiation). The prognosis has improved in the past 50 years from 50% 4-year survival to around 85% 10-year survival. This improvement has been brought about in part by optimizing the use of plaquenil, corticosteroids and immunosuppressives (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and more recently mycophenolate). With an increased knowledge of the factors involved in pathogenesis some exciting new modes of treatment (e.g. B cell depletion anti-B cell stimulating factors) are entering clinical trials with the hope of improving mortality and morbidity.


A game machine system is provided with: a set top box (51), which is received by using a digital broadcast system or the communication system data allotment receiver. Game dedicated machine (52) to start the receiver to receive the above-described software enable signal, to start a game machine game software. After the start the game software signals, the data transmission portion of the game software replacement or insertion of data. These data can be commercial. Therefore, game consoles (52) To determine whether the software is running before adding commercials. If not a member of commercials, you can not run.


Abstract The new blue organic emitter materials, 4'-(3-(phenanthro[9,10-d]oxazol-2-yl -)phenyl)-5'-phenyl-1[1,1',:2',1''-tetraphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (m-PO-PPCN) and 4'-(4-(phenanthro[9,10-d]oxazol-2-yl-)phenyl)-5'-phenyl-1[1,1',:2',1''-tetraphenyl]-4- carbonitrile (p-PO-PPCN) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. In the film state, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption peaks of m-PO-PPCN and p-PO-PPCN were 402 and 413 nm, and the photoluminescence (PL) peaks were 408 and 457 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the two materials was 38.4% and 54.9%. Organic light emitting diodes using m-PO-PPCN and p-PO-PPCN as the emitting layer (EML) showed that m-PO-PPCN had a current efficiency of 0.97 cd/A and an EQE of 1.25%, p-PO-PPCN exhibited current efficiency of 3.69 cd/A and an EQE of 3.46%.


Abstract Seeds of the narrow-endemic Solidago shortii and of the geographically-widespread S. altissima and S. nemoralis buried in December 1993 were exhumed in June 1995 and given 10 cycles of 1 day wet/5 days dry, 9 of 2/5, 8 of 3/5, 7 of 4/5 and 6 of 5/5 in light at 30/15°C; the control was kept continuously wet during the experiment. Seeds of the three species incubated on wet substrate for 3, 4 or 5 days germinated to ≥47% during the first cycle. On the other hand, seeds kept moist 2 days germinated to only 4–26% in the first cycle, and none kept moist for 1 day germinated. Cumulative germination percentages of seeds of all three species at the end of the final cycle of the 1/5 treatment were 0–4%. In the 2/5 treatment, cumulative germination percentages of S. altissima and S. shortii seeds at the end of the final cycle were 50 and 41%, respectively, but that of S. nemoralis was only 4%. For all three species, cumulative germination percentages were ≥55% at the end of the final cycle of the 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 treatments. Control seeds of the three species germinated to 85–99% after 2 weeks, and no additional seeds germinated during the remainder of the experiment. High percentages of seeds were viable in the treatments and control at the end of the experiment; however, some seeds of S. nemoralis and S. shortii given 1/5, 2/5 and 3/5 treatments became dormant. The ecological implication of this study is that seeds of the three species will not germinate on the soil surface after brief rainfall events in summer. The germination response of the narrow endemic is similar to that of its two geographically-widespread congeners.


The mass of the top quark is measured using a sample of tt candidate events with at least six jets in the final state. The sample is selected from data collected with the CMS detector in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV in 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.54 fb−1. The mass is reconstructed for each event employing a kinematic fit of the jets to a tt hypothesis. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.49± 0.69 (stat.)± 1.21 (syst.) GeV. A combination with previously published measurements in other decaymodes byCMSyields amass of 173.54±0.33 (stat.)± 0.96 (syst.) GeV.