SiO2/TiO2 composite sol is prepared with water as solvent,tetrabutylorthotitanate(TBOT) and tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) as precursor and is applied to superhydrophilic and antistatic finish of nylon fabric by impregnation method.Hydrophilic and antistatic properties of the treated fabric are determined by water contact angle,induction voltage and half-life.Experiments show that,with increase of Si /(Si+Ti) ratio of the composite sol,the hydrophilic and antistatic properties of the treated fabric first increase and then decrease.When the Si /(Si+Ti) ratio are 0.89 and 0.91,the treated fabric shows super hydrophilicity.


When we invoke the Digital Liberal Arts, we are not so much proposing a field that is by definition distinct from Digital Humanities—after all, both terms are notoriously subject to endless re-definition and contestation. Instead, we mean to strategically (and politically) call attention to the kinds of digital scholarship and pedagogy that are being conducted outside of traditional Research 1 institutions with well-funded DH centers. What conjoins our papers, then, is not so much that they present a series of new case studies in teaching with the digital: many people, we agree, could do that. Rather, we intend to prompt discussion and reflection about the kinds of infrastructures that are necessary (and perhaps not necessary) to produce sustainable and meaningful digital scholarship. Early on, Pannapacker proposed that small liberal arts institutions and programs might be uniquely positioned for rapid, more cost-effective innovation, because we have "shallower administrative hierarchies and less institutional inertia." (Pannapacker 2013) All of us hail from programs that "share a culture of faculty-student collaborative research, which translates perfectly into the project-building methods of the digital humanities" (Pannapacker 2013). For these reasons, we are pondering the differences between large university DH and small college DH: a diffuse, decentralized approach to DH versus a more systematic and integrated one. Our varied papers share several connecting themes: collaboration across disciplines, roles and institutions; and the central place of pedagogy. The idea of pedagogy is critical to the mission of liberal arts colleges, and thus will feature prominently in this discussion. We place pedagogy at the center of all our work. There is much that larger institutions can learn from this discussion, including ways to make DH more student-centered and pedagogically oriented. Without romanticizing student-centered projects (we will also address some of the challenges for public scholarship with such a variety of skills at the table) we want to explore how involving students in the co-production of knowledge – digitally mediated and publicly presented – shapes and reshapes what is possible under "DH."


Abstract Particle and gas temperature measurements by both a multiple wavelength visible pyrometer and IR emission-absorption method are presented. Particle two-color temperatures are found to be dependent on the selected wavelengths because of the presence of mineral matter emission lines (Na, Li, K, Rb). Visible and IR particle temperatures do not agree. An underestimation of 200–400 K of the IR temperature due to scattering was observed. The use of a scattering correction coefficient calculated from the Mie theory for transmittance data resulted in a reasonable adjustment of this temperature. From spectral measurements in the range of 0·4-5 μm, contribution to heat transfer was found to be limited to large particles, the 4·3 μm CO2 band, and to soot when these are present in the bulk gas. Curiously the 2·7 μm water vapor band is practically nonexistent. Measurements were performed in coal-argon-air flames generated in cylindrical electric furnace at different oxygen concentrations for size graded (93 μ...


Objective To study the inhibitory effects of RNAi expression vector suppressing expression of survivin and inducing the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2.Methods RNAi expression vectors targeting survivin were successfully constructed,and then were transfected into Hep-2 cells with liposomes.Expression of survivin mRNA was detected and the rate of cell apoptosis was measured.Results There was a high expression of survivin in Hep-2 cells.The DNA sequence was in accordance with the survivin gene in the GENEBANK.The survivin expression was inhibited 68.5% by pGenesil/survivin RNAi expression vectors,and the apoptosis of cells increased.Conclusion The RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit survivin expression and induce the apoptosis in Hep-2 cells.


Sulfates are compounds that are often used in various industrial activities. Sulfate wastes with high concentrations can cause an imbalance in the natural sulfur cycle which causes the leaching of toxic sulfides which leads to environmental damage. Adsorption is an effective way of dealing with waste. Silica is an adsorbent that is often used for the adsorption process. on DMA-modified silica. Characterized by using infrared spectra, microscope scanner and adsorption of sulfate solutions with various concentrations and contact times. The results showed that the use of modified DMA silica had better absorption than activated silica seen from the frendulich isotherm pattern with a regression coefficient R2 = 1. Absorption capacity at 60 minutes was 0.82754 mg/g−1.


Thank you for providing Salt Lake County the opportunity to act as a Participating Agency in the EIS process. As representatives to the Central Wasatch Commission for Salt Lake County, the undersigned (Mayor Jenny Wilson and Councilman Jim Bradley) have spent over two years studying and analyzing this complex subject matter. We now further appreciate the opportunity to offer the following comments to the Draft EIS that was issued on June 25, 2021 (DEIS), including an assessment of the two preferred alternatives, i.e., the Enhanced Bus Service in Peak-Period Shoulder Lane Alternative (Enhanced Bus/Shoulder Lane Alternative) and the Gondola Alternative B from the La Caille base station (Gondola Alternative)1.


Networked embedded objects augmented with smart applications have already started encompassing many aspects of human life. More often these objects are driven by limited power sources and hence estimation of remaining energy in these objects at run time becomes important. Also power profiling provides a rough idea on how long the intended applications will run on the network given the battery-life specification. The proposed component based architecture use a power estimation module for dynamic power profiling. The code for power estimation could be disseminated either through direct burning or over-the-air programming in each objects of the network. The scheme has been implemented and tested on a wireless sensor network set-up where smart objects considered are TelosB nodes running on Contiki operating system. The experiment conducted, the results and observations are presented.


Banking time series forecasting gains a main rule in finance and economics which has encouraged the researchers to introduce a fit models in forecasting accuracy. In this paper, the researchers present the advantages of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model forecasting accuracy. Banking data from Amman stock market (ASE) in Jordan was selected as a tool to show the ability of ARIMA in forecasting banking data. Therefore, Daily data from 1993 until 2017 is used for this study. As a result this article shows that the ARIMA model has significant results for short-term prediction. Therefore, these results will be helpful for the investments.


Dietary and clinical surveys carried out in India, Africa and in several countries
elsewhere, in Asia and South America, have shown that the diets of large numbers of
people are deficient in many essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins and minerals
(Patwardhan, 1952; Autret & Behar, 1954; Gopalan & Ramalingaswami, 1955 ; Brock &
Autret, 1952). Protective foods such as milk, eggs, fish and meat are not available in
sufficient quantities in these countries and the prospects of increasing their production
in the near future are poor (Autret & van Veen, 1955). Considerable attention has
recently been devoted to evolving Supplementary foods from indigenous resources for
improving the health of the vulnerable groups of the population (Autret & van Veen,
Various attempts have been made in India and other countries to prepare palatable
milk substitutes from soya beans, groundnuts and other raw materials (Dean, 1953;
De & Subrahmanyan, 1945; Nandi, Rajagopalan & De, 1953). Feeding experiments
carried out on infants and children have shown that such foods possess a marked
supplementary value to their ordinary diet (Dean, 1953 ; Subrahmanyan, Reddy,
Moorjani, Sur, Doraiswamy, Sankaran, Bhatia & Swaminathan, 1954). Other processed
food products which appear to have immense possibilities for large-scale use
in combating malnutrition are the multipurpose foods prepared by suitable processing
of expeller soya-bean or groundnut cakes and fortifying with essential vitamins and
minerals (Cooper & Bryan, 195 I ; Subrahmanyan, Ramarao, Kuppuswamy, Narayanarao
& Swaminathan, 1957). The multipurpose food prepared by the Meals for
Millions Foundation, Los Angeles, U.S.A., has been reported to be a good supplement
to the diets of schoolchildren (Cooper & Bryan, 1951). Investigations carried out
recently in the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, have shown
that a multipurpose food prepared from a blend of low-fat groundnut flour and
Bengal-gram flour and fortified with essential vitamins and minerals possesses a
marked supplementary value for poor Indian diets as determined by studies on albino
rats (Joseph, Narayanarao, Swaminathan & Subrahmanyan, 1957 ; Kuppuswamy,
Joseph, Narayanarao, Ramarao, Swaminathan & Subrahmanyan, 1957a, b). The
present paper describes studies on the value of the multipurpose food as a supplement
to the diet of children.


Magnetic detection is an effective way for underwater buried target detection especially man-made objects which will contain some amount of permeable materials. Magnetic sensing can augment acoustic means of detection, effectively reduce false alarms. The advances in Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) technology enabled the integration of magnetic gradiometer onboard for underwater buried object detection. In this paper, the design considerations and configurations of a prototype magnetic gradiometer integrated to an AUV and the magnetic data fusion with AUV navigation data will be presented. The magnetic gradiometer formed by fluxgate magnetometers has several advantages such as small size and low power with relatively high sensitivity. Magnetic noise compensation is also critical as the magnetometer has to operate close to the AUV magnetic noise sources. The paper will describe the results of the platform magnetic noise compensation and sea trial measurements.


Base on the analysis on the existing problems of the electric leakage protection systems made in China and overseas,the paper provided a selectivity electric leakage protection system for mine lower voltage electric power network base on null sequence power direction.Taking the DSP processor as the key,the paper mainly discussed the working principle,hardware and software design of the system.The site operations of the system showed the rapidity,selectivity and accuracy of the electric protection.


Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, facility managers, urban planners and others in the AEC field develop drawings, renderings, plans, and reports to better manage projects. Prior to the invention of electronic systems for drawing, these professionals produced illustrations on paper in pencil and ink. Changes to drawings meant erasing and redrawing. Major changes often meant the entire drawing needed to be redone. The creation of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and electronic databases has fundamentally changed the way design and project management is done. The articles in this issue of Pittsburgh Engineer will explore how local firms are currently using CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAFM (Computer Aided Facilities Management), Civil Design software, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and 3D Visualization applications. The following is a brief background on some of these technologies.


Some very important factors to consider when designing a cryptographic system are performance, speed, size, and security. Sometimes the designer of the cryptosystem decides to prioritize these factors based on specific objectives of the cryptosystem. Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA), and the Extension of TEA (XTEA) are examples of cryptographic algorithms that were designed with size and simplicity as the main design criteria. Since TEA's presentation to the public in 1994 and XTEA's presentation in 1997, many software implementations have been designed of both algorithms. However, not nearly as many hardware designs of TEA have been implemented. This report details a hardware implementation of XTEA (Extension of TEA), with a design goal with speed as the main priority as opposed to size. Index Terms — Cryptography, TEA (Tiny Encryption Algorithm), XTEA (Extension of Tiny Encryption Algorithm)


Noxious gases can be reduced through activated carbon; nevertheless, this process is very complex due to the changing parameters. Nitrogen dioxides take place in the so-called reactive gases. The nitrogen dioxide concentration existing in the environment can be harmful, in particular for asthmatics and it also has the potential to bring about other serious diseases. For instance, interior diseases are often caused by nitrogen oxide gases. Through this study, we have observed the nitrogen dioxide adsorption on the active carbon for varying air temperatures, gas concentrations and air relative humidities. In this context, it has been examined the effect of all three parameters. While conducting this project, we have used parameters between 1ppm and 30ppm (for NO2 concentration), 23°C and 33°C (for air temperature), 30% and 90% (for air relative humidity). In order to understand this process, breakthrough curves of NO2evaluated from experiments have been used in the present study. Results show that the humidity has not a remarkable effect on the adsorption of NO2; however, increasing relative humidity causes to a decrease in the capacity of the activated carbon for NO2 adsorption. Additionally, NO2 adsorption is exothermic, therefore it increases the air temperature.


Objective To study the effects of different luteal supplementation on in vitro fertilization,frozen embryo transter(FET) and early pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion.Methods Embryo score,bleeding,ongonging pregnant rate and early abortion rate were analyzed retrospectively.IVF cycles were divided into group A progesterone+vaginal progesterone caps,increasing injection dose 60~80mg to stop vaginal IVF cycles and group B progesterone+Dydrogesterone,using Dydrogesterone 10 mg every 8 hrs to stop vaginal bleeding.Frozen embryo transter cycles were divided into group C progesterone,increasing injection dose 60~80mg to stop vaginal bleeding and group D progesterone,using Dydrogesterone 40mg followed with 10mg every 8 hrs for vaginal bleeding.Results IVF cycle's bleeding and abortion rate of early pregnancy were lower statistically than that of FET cycle.The bleeding rate was higher and the ongonging pregnant rate was lower in the IVF group using vaginal progesterone caps than those in Dydrogesterone group.But the differences were not significant.The ongonging pregnant rate of the group using Dydrogesterone for vaginal bleeding was higher than the one using progesterone injection,but their differences were not significant.Conclusion The effects of luteal supplementation are similar using progesterone caps and Dydrogesterone.The results of using progesterone injection or dydrogesterone to stop vaginal bleeding are similar with dydrogesterone having a little superiority.The selection of medicine should be made by patiens' specific status.Personalized medicine may be more suitable for clinical application.


The performance has been Despite of that effectpurpose Manufacturing adopt. strategy, focus strategy, hold and maintain strategy, bare bone strategy, product type strategy, and customer type strategy effects of these performance. The study and contingency theory. from the respondents was SMEssignificance difference between the manufacturing SMEs Abstract The statement that business strategy correlat performance has been confirmed by many strategic Despite of that, only a few empirical researches effect of business strategy on Performance of SMEs in Palestine. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Manufacturing SMEs differs with the choice of business strategies they adopt. The independent variables were low cost strategy, differentiation strategy, focus strategy, hold and maintain strategy, bare bone strategy, product type strategy, and customer type strategy effects of these seven constructs were measured against performance. The study was based on resource based view theory ( and contingency theory. The number of Questionnaires us from the respondents was 341. The respondents SMEs in West Bank of Palestine. The findings significance difference between the business strategy implemented by manufacturing SMEs and performance.


Pullout tests are effective to investigate the interaction mechanism along the interface in geogrid reinforced zone. Micro scale geogrid-soil interactions are one of the fundamental important issues in pullout test response as well as actual field behavior of earth reinforcement. Hence, the discrete element analysis is carried out for pullout test from a micro point of view. The discrete element model is conducted to investigate the pullout response paying attention to compaction effect linked with porosity. The specimen is investigated in different porosities in order to evaluate the influence of degree of compaction on the strength, linked with the interface microscopic behavior. And the dilatancy predicted in the model may also provide useful information on the increase of the interface shear resistance.


The overarching goal of this project is to better match funding strategies to industry needs to maximise the benefits of R&D to Australia's infrastructure and building industry.

Project partners are: Queensland Department of Public Works; Queensland Transport and Main Roads; Western Australian Department of Treasury and Finance; John Holland; Queensland University of Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Prof Goran Roos). This project has been endorsed by the Australian Built Environment Industry Innovation Council (BEIIC) with Council member Prof Catherin Bull serving on this project's Steering Committee.

This project seeks to: (i) maximise the value of RD and (ii) address the perceived problem of a disproportionately low R&D investment in this sector, relative to the size and national importance of the sector.

This research will develop new theory built on open innovation, dynamic capabilities and absorptive capacity theories in the context of strategic foresighting and roadmapping activities.

Four project phases have been designed to address this research:

1: Audit and analysis of R&D investment in the Australian built environment since 1990 - access publically available data relating to R&D investments across Australia from public and private organisations to understand past trends.

2: Examine diffusion mechanisms of research and innovation and its impact on public and private organisations – investigate specific R&D investments to determine the process of realising research support, direction-setting, project engagement, impacts and pathways to adoption.

3: Develop a strategic roadmap for the future of this critical Australian industry - assess the likely future landscapes that R&D investment will both respond to and anticipate.

4: Develop policy to maximise the value of R&D investments to public and private organisations – through translating project learnings into policy guidelines.


New Jersey v.T.L.O case is the classical precedent about the American elementary and secondary public school to search student.The precedent gives public schools the power to search students.Provided they have 'reasonable suspicion',they can carry out 'warrantless' searches to students that conform to the proportionality principle.In view of students with different degrees of reasonable privacy expectation on the equipment and property provided by school,personal goods,and person,the school has different search powers to them.


Many scholars have struggled to explain stability and change in public resource allocation. What ultimately matters to most citizens, however, are the effects of such spending patterns on organizational performance. In this article, we investigate the relationship between stability of resource allocation and organizational performance. Using time-series data on municipal school budgets and population data on more than 140,000 students including their examination scores as well as detailed information about the socioeconomic status of their parents, the analysis lends empirical support to the more or less implicit proposition underlying much literature on budgetary incrementalism, namely that stable budgets have a beneficial effect on organizational outcome. In that way, this article not only renews the old interest in budget incrementalism but also raises new perspectives for research on the performance of public organizations.


The reaction of Sn(3P0) atoms with O2 has been studied over the temperature range 1300 to 2250 K and the total density range 2.5 × 1018 to 5.4 × 1018 molecules cm−3 by using a shock tube equipped for atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy (ARAS). Tetramethyltin was used as a precursor of Sn(3P0) atoms. The overall rate coefficient was determined from the pseudo-first-order decay of Sn(3P0) atoms to be k(Sn + O2) = 10−9.41 ± 0.03 exp[
− (11.5 ± 1.1) kJ mol−1/RT] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (error limits at the two standard deviation level). This result is in good agreement with previous data of Fontijn and Bajaj (J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 7085), but about twice
that of Zaslonko and Smirnov (Kinet. Catal., 1980, 21, 602). To examine the product channel of the Sn(3P0) + O2 reaction experimentally, O-atom ARAS measurements were performed. Two types of O-profiles were found, one reaching a peak around 40 μs and the other displaying a two-step increase, depending on the composition of the mixtures. When the reaction channel for forming O(3P) atoms was assumed, numerical calculation was found to reproduce both these measured profiles, demonstrating that the main products are SnO(X1Σ+) and atomic O(3P).


Based on present situation and agriculture development tread over the world,features of global agri technology and the importance of recreation in agri engineering to promote a revolution in agri technology were given.In addition,its focus and measures were discussed.


https://ejgo.org The pelvic floor dysfunction including voiding difficulty and colorectal dysfunction is well-known, inevitable complications of radical hysterectomy (RH). This is due to surgical injury to autonomic nerves which innervate the bladder and rectum, and is associated with decreased quality of life after surgery. The survival outcomes after RH for early cervical cancer is very excellent. So, the treatment outcomes of RH should be evaluated not only in oncologic outcomes but also in quality of life of patients. Nowadays, quality of life outcome is regarded as important as survival outcome especially in highly curable disease like early cervical cancer. To improve the functional outcomes after RH, nerve-sparing (NS) procedure has been developed [1] and evaluated in several studies [2,3]. However, only few study outcomes are available and the results of NS RH is inconsistent across the studies [2,3]. NS RH has been performed via open surgery because of the difficulty of the procedure. But, some advanced laparoscopic oncologic surgeons have performed minimally invasive (MIS) NS RH [4]. The outcomes of MIS NS RH compared with open NS RH has always been puzzling.


The professions like, Army, Medical, Engineering, Industrial, Administration and teaching are of extremely vital importance such a highly specialized and advance field can only be handed over to a person who is highly knowledgeable, dynamic, creative, and mentally inclined for and interested in this profession. Due to the declining reliability, validity, objectivity, and discriminating power of the existing examinations of intermediate, graduation and post- graduation the government have decided to put a competitive exam in medical career.


Formation of polymeric pillars by using laser interference lithography will be compared for nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The experimental results will be explained by dynamics of laser-excited radicals.


The microstructures and electrical properties of Aurivillius phase ferroelectric solid solutions of (CaBi2Nb2O9)1−x(BaBi2Nb2O9)x (0≤x≤1) have been studied. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed a bismuth layered structure for all compositions. Scanning electron microscope images showed randomly oriented and platelike grain morphology. The Curie point Tc or the maximum permittivity temperature Tm decreased with increasing x. The (CaBi2Nb2O9)1−x(BaBi2Nb2O9)x ceramics exhibited a ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition at small x values (x≤0.5), whereas a relaxor behavior was observed at high x values (x≥0.8). The d33 value of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics was enhanced by Ba2+ doping on the A-sites (x≤0.3). A combination of high d33 values and high Tc points (>700 °C) suggests that compositions with x≤0.3 could be good candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric applications. The composition with x=0.8 is a relaxor ferroelectric with Tm around 320 °C at 1 MHz.


Cooperative systems with a special focus on enabling sharing and commenting of resources and material are a prominent subject in the research area of computer technology in education. The representation mode of these shared resources plays an important role for the learning process [1]. One frequently used mode is a graph based notation in which a shared visual representation consists of objects and relations between them. With a focus on argumentation support, this representation mode has been used in a number of successful environments such as Belvedere [1] or gIBIS [2]. Belvedere also aimed to teach the students scientific argumentation – the system contains constraints that have to hold for the graph structure developed by the users. This approach of enriching cooperative graph based argumentation environments with rules and interpretation patterns can be integrated with pedagogic approaches like "cooperative discovery learning in science" that show the possible benefit of integrating computer based modeling methods and intelligent techniques with cooperative environments. As a number of modeling languages (like e.g. Petri Nets) also make use of a graph based notation, the technical integration step is possible very smoothly.


Two methods, based on nonlinear dynamics, are described for broad- and narrow-band communication systems. The first approach employs hyperchaotic discrete time series carrier sequences generated with mixed linear–nonlinear coupled differential equations [Irving & Dewson, 1997]. In this first approach it is assumed that the solution of the coupled ordinary differential equations can be represented as a multichannel Volterra functional expansion. Identification, synchronization and the potential unmasking of hyperchaotic communications systems, are achieved by generating a tractable hierarchy of ascending order time series moment equations by operating on a suitably truncated Volterra functional expansion. The estimated moment hierarchy facilitates the calculation of the coefficients of the coupled differential equations that generate the multichannel carrier that is to be modulated by the message. Due to its ability to easily and accurately estimate the coefficients of the governing differential equations the method is applied to the multichannel carrier sequences of data generated by a set of hyperchaotic equations. The inherent problem of resynchronization in chaotic communication systems cannot be avoided in general because of the evolutionary, time dependent, nature of the time series carriers used. This time dependence problem that results in repeated resynchronization can be avoided by considering an alternative and innovative approach that employs time series carrier sequences generated by an input–output multichannel Volterra kernel expansion [Dewson & Irving, 1996]. In this second method, mixed order multichannel Volterra kernel functions are used to generate the carrier sequence that is then modulated by the message. The Volterra kernel function values used to generate the carrier can be identified with the moment hierarchy method [Dewson & Irving, 1996] enabling the message to be deconvolved from the transmitted signal. The modulated nonlinear multichannel signal is transmitted to the receiver. The effect of transmission is to distort and corrupt the signal. In this work it is assumed that the distortions to the transmitted signal remain small, with the case where they become significant being treated elsewhere. First, the case where the signal is received free from both noise and distortion, for example the decryption of an encrypted e-mail, is first considered. Then signal reception in the presence of additive noise is considered. Each of the two proposed methods has been investigated to determine their accuracy and robustness in the presence of additive noise.


A large number of outdoor power capacitors are used for reactive power compensation and filtering in HVDC transmission system and such fault as connection failure of wiring terminal becomes more prominent. It is thought,through analyzing the defects of copper metal fittings common used at present,that the main reason of heating is due to oxidization and corrosion of wire and clamp. In this paper,a new type of aluminous metal fittings is designed,which can avoid the defects of copper fittings.


By the finite element software ANSYS,this paper carries out the finite element modeling and calculation for rubber diaphragm sealing structure on diaphragm pump,obtains the deformation,stress and maximum contact compressive stress under working state,with the maximum contact stress of sealing structure as failure criteria,provides reference basis for design,optimizes the sealing dimension of the rubber diaphragm head,solves the tightness and failure problem in sealing structure of diaphragm.


The rapid growth of the private satellite launchers sector is leading the space race. Hence, with the privatization of the sector, all the companies are racing for a more efficient and reliant way to set satellites in orbit. Having detected the current needs for power management in the launcher vehicle industry, the Modular Power Bus is proposed as a technology to revolutionize power management in current and future Launcher Vehicles. The MPBus Project is committed to develop a new power bus architecture combining ejectable batteries with the main bus through intelligent nodes. These nodes are able to communicate between them and a battery controller using an improved, data over DC line technology. This would result in less weight for each launch stage increasing the operational satellite payload and reducing cost. These features make the system suitable for a number of launchers.


Today, many car companies design and manufacture electric car. A top priority for developers is a motion control system that effectively regulates speed and torque.


In crude particulate fractions isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) cotyledons, the transfer of radioactivity from GDP-I14Cimannose to glycolipid appears to be preferentially stimulated by Mn2' while the transfer to lipid-free residue is enhanced by Mg2'. In contrast, the transfer of radioactivity from UDP-N-acetyl-I14Clglucosamine to glycolipid shows preferential stimulation by Mg2" while the transfer to lipid-free residue prefers Mn2". These results are accounted for by the differential stimulation by Mg24 and Mn24 of glycosyl transferases associated with subcellular membranes which were separated by isopycnic sucrose density centrifugation.


In A Free and Responsible Press (1947), the Commission on Freedom of the Press excoriated the performance of news outlets and laid blame on owners and managers. When the Commission began its work in 1943, though, it focused on an additional culprit. Pressure groups, according to the Commission, were propagandizing, issuing threats, and distorting media coverage. Pressure groups fell off the Commission's agenda, in part because members and staff were unable to agree on whether the groups were democratic or antidemocratic forces. The Commission missed an opportunity to help shape subsequent debates over the anticommunist blacklists and other forms of nongovernmental media censorship.


Context  Colleague surveys are important sources of information on a doctor's professional performance in UK revalidation plans. Colleague surveys are analysed by deriving quantitative measures from rating scales. As free‐text comments are also recorded, we explored the utility of a mixed‐methods approach to their analysis.


Enterprise evaluating system is a complicate process of decision making,which needs qualitative evaluation methods as well as quantitative indices.However,there are some shortcomings in these methods or indices.Actually,there are both grey information and fuzzy information in the enterprise evaluation system.In this paper grey system and fuzzy language are combined to establish grey-fuzzy multi-factorial evaluation model,which reflects two kinds of uncertain information and thus has considarable rationality.The example analyses confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.


— Many governments are adopting smart city concept so as to improve living standards. Big data analytics is one of the main technologies that are able to enhance smart city services. As almost everything is becoming digitalized, a lot of data is being collected that can be beneficial in various domains. Various classifications algorithms have been developed in the last decade. Many of them have been compared. This paper presents a comparison between two classification algorithms: KNN and decision tree (C5.0). This paper is aimed to compare two algorithm's results. The results of algorithms are central task in areas such as machine learning. For analyzing the result obtained when comparing the algorithms, the best tool used is RStudio which provides a platform for loading data to produce plots and tables.


Background: During software maintenance and development, the comprehension of program code is key to success. High-quality comments can help us better understand programs, but they're often missing or outmoded in today's programs. Automatic code summarization is proposed to solve these problems. During the last decade, huge progress has been made in this field, but there is a lack of an up-to-date survey. Aims: We studied publications concerning code summarization in the field of program comprehension to investigate state-of-the-art approaches. By reading and analyzing relevant articles, we aim at obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the current status of automatic code summarization. Method: In this paper, we performed a systematic literature review over the automatic source code summarization field. Furthermore, we synthesized the obtained data and investigated different approaches. Results: We successfully collected and analyzed 41 selected studies from the different research communities. We exhaustively investigated and described the data extraction techniques, description generation methods, evaluation methods and relevant artifacts of those works. Conclusions: Our systematic review provides an overview of the state of the art, and we also discuss further research directions. By fully elaborating current approaches in the field, our work sheds light on future research directions of program comprehension and comment generation.


The fluorescence spectra of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in acidic media have been studied by means of fluorescence polarization, temperature dependence of fluorescence, and kinetics of the protonation in H2O and D2O. The red-shifted emission appearing by protonation in the excited state is ascribed to the protonated form of serotonin at C4. In order to confirm the assignment of electronic spectra, the absorption spectra of the single crystal of 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid have been measured by means of reflection technique, the directions of transition moments being determined by polarization analysis. Calculation was carried out on the energy levels of the excited state for serotonin and its protonated forms, and the directions of transition moments were compared with the experimental results.


Among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D), adolescents often experience the greatest challenge achieving optimal treatment engagement and glycemic targets. Risk‐taking behaviors often increase during adolescence and may interfere with engagement in T1D care. We developed the Diabetes‐Specific Risk‐Taking Inventory (DSRI) to assess risky T1D self‐management behaviors in adolescents with T1D. In the current study, we aimed to examine the DSRI's psychometric properties.


The most important problem in steel and concrete composite bridge with precast decks is to control cracks occurring at transverse joint under service load. Especially, those cracks at transverse joint due to tensile stress in negative moment region of continuous composite beam should not be occurred. In order to estimate the ultimate strength of a box girder bridge with precast decks, experimental and analytical study on a continuous box girder bridge model satisfying the serviceability conditions were conducted. The static test for a two span (10+10) continuous bridge model was conducted and finite element analysis taking into account material non-linearity (EFACB; Elastic-Plastic Analysis for Composite Beams)was used. Also results of test and analysis were compared with simple plastic analysis and EUROCODE.


In a sensor network, common-key cryptography is used to establish secure communications between nodes. Since it is required to share the common key between nodes in advance to the communication, a key establishment scheme should be considered. Chan and Perring proposed a novel key establishment scheme PIKE (Peer Intermediaries for Key Establishment in Sensor Networks) in which each common key used in each communication between nodes is derived from a pre-shared key, and all common keys are different from each other. In addition, each node is required to have small number of pre-shared keys. However, the number of pre-shared key grows as the number of nodes in the network grows, and more importantly, PIKE has a problem that when the network is established, it is hard to add new nodes into the network, since storing new pre-shared keys in existing nodes is required. This paper proposes a new key establishment scheme SPIKE (Scalable Peer Intermediaries for Key Establishment in Sensor Networks), in which all nodes in the network are required to have a constant number of pre-shared keys. The proposed scheme allows the network to add new nodes after the network has been established.


A certain bridge adopts the green design of "one span across the river", and the installation of 21 pieces of steel box girder on the south span is limited by geographical conditions, tower limb width and construction period. Innovatively developed a dedicated skid scooter, the steel box girder successfully crosses the orbit change position with the help of the windlass,move laterally to the tower area,replace the longitudinal skid scooter,move to the design bridge. In the steel beam positioning link, firstly, set bearing pre-offsetting on pier top support to circumvent the influence of steel box girder welding, shrinkage creep deformation and closure temperature difference on the displacement of beam length. After the bridge is completed, the feasibility and reliability of the research method are verified by elevation measurement, static load test and implementation process.


This paper describes the experimental measurements of the elastic modulus and hardness of viscoelastic materials under quasi-static and dynamic depth-sensing indentation using a homemade tribology probe microscope (TPM). The indentation measurements were performed using a sapphire sphere tip under various conditions. Materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene rubber and nitrile rubber were tested in both quasi-static and dynamic experiments. In quasi-static mode, the loading and unloading force curves were obtained from these specimens, and the results show a significant load effect on the measured hardness and elastic modulus. The dynamic indentation tests were conducted under a range of loading forces with various frequencies. The values of storage modulus, loss modulus and damping factor were determined by dynamic indentation. To get an accurate measurement, the stiffness and damping of the instrument were rigorously analyzed. Using dynamic indentation, it was confirmed that the variation in the frequency of the oscillation force has a significant effect on the measured results of the materials. Comparing the results obtained from the quasi-static and dynamic indentations, for the viscoelastic properties, dynamic indentation offers an advantage over the quasi-static method. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrate the capability of our homemade TPM facility to determine the constitutive behavior of viscoelastic solids in the frequency domain.


Today, more than ever before, engineers are faced with uncertain and sometimes chaotic environments in which to function. The traditional roles of an engineer to design, develop, and streamline a manufacturing process for a product are still valued and relevant. However, the need for an engineer to participate in the process of identifying the product to be developed, the schedule and resources required, and the goal of satisfying the customer, has become paramount to achieving the success of the enterprise. When we include these endeavours in the functions of an engineer, management of "engineering" takes on a new dimension. The ramifications of the changing and increased functions of an engineer and consequent impacts on engineering management are explored. The basic principles which should be invoked in order to embrace the new environment for engineering management are outlined. The ultimate finding of this study is that the enterprise strategic plan should be developed in such a way as to allow engineering management to encompass the full spectrum of the responsibilities of engineers. A consequence of this is that the fundamental elements of the strategic process can best be implemented through a project team or group approach. The paper thus concentrates on three areas: evolving environment, strategic plan, and ways to achieve enterprise success.<<ETX>>


)fANILA, Wednesday CAP) -Capture of the Cavite naval base Ilnd NicholH ail'fil'lrl w~I'e annoullced today by OI.'D. Douglas Ma .. A rt 11111', who RU id 1 he pnd or Japan '. tl'appeo Manila garrison WIiS "in sight." MacArthul' I'eportl"d enemy c8s118lties of more than 68,000 for the fivl' weeks of the Luzon campaign os complIl'l'd with American casHalt if'S of 9,6 3, including 2,102 Idlled . aptllre of the avit nllval base put th Yanks on the shore of Manilo bay for the first time. THE


The study investigated perception and experience of dating violence among secondary school adolescents in Etche Local Government Area, Rivers State. Descriptive survey design was adopted. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study consisted of 610 secondary school adolescents, out of which 400 adolescents were selected as sample size from the target population. Purposive sampling technique was used in carrying out this study. The instrument for data collection was a self-developed 12 item instrument. It was titled "Adolescents' Dating Violence Questionnaire (ADVQ)". ADVQ was used to get the desired information from the respondents (adolescents). The instrument was divided into two sections (A and B). Section A is called demographic data. While section B consisted of questions that elicited responses from the adolescents based on their experience, perceptions, feelings and opinion. The instrument was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation from the Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling, Ignatius Ajurur University of Education. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. A reliability coefficient of 0.87 (87%) was obtained for the instrument. In other words, the reliability index of 0.87 shows that the instrument was 87 percent reliable. The Likert Scale of Strongly Agree (SA) = 4, Agree (A) = 3, Disagree (D) = 2, and Strongly Disagree (SD) = 1, respectively was used in scoring the items in the questionnaire. The criterion was based on mean of 2.50. An item with the mean of 2.50 and above was regarded as Agree (A) while the item less than the mean 2.50 was regarded as Disagree (D). The researchers administered the instrument to the respondents with the help of research assistant, and upon completion, out of the 400 instruments administered only 392 instruments were retrieved for analysis. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while independent t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed a significant difference in the perception and experience of dating violence among secondary school adolescents in Etceh Local Government Area, Rivers State. Based on the findings, the researchers recommend among others that parents, teachers and counsellors should advice and counsel their adolescents against dating violence to enable adolescents see dating violence as unhealthy and antisocial behaviours.


Lyme disease is a systemic infection caused by a tick bite and transmission of the Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete. Species of tick vectors of the disease infest mainly wild or rural animals and rodents that may be asymptomatic reservoirs of the bacteria. Characteristic of the northern hemisphere, Lyme disease in Brazil takes on different characteristics, complicating diagnosis. This paper aims to describe three cases of Lyme-like disease in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, with ophthalmologic findings.


1375 trans plantation ameliorates acute inflam mation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1245–1253 4. Gupta N, Su X, Popov B, et al: Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. J Immunol 2007; 179:1855–1863 5. Mei SH, McCarter SD, Deng Y, et al: Prevention of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing angiopoietin 1. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e269 6. Krasnodembskaya A, Song Y, Fang X, et al: Antibacterial effect of human mesenchymal stem cells is mediated in part from secretion of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Stem Cells 2010; 28:2229–2238 7. Nemeth K, Leelahavanichkul A, Yuen PS, et al: Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent repro gramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production. Nat Med 2009; 15:42–49 8. Yagi H, Soto-Gutierrez A, Navarro-Alvarez N, et al: Reactive bone marrow stromal cells attenuate systemic inflammation via sTNFR1. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1857–1864 9. Mei SHJ, Haitsma JJ, Dos Santos CC, et al: Mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammation while enhancing bacterial clearance and improving survival in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:1047–1057 10. Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, et al: Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 2006; 8:315–317 11. van Helden HP, Kuijpers WC, Steenvoorden D, et al: Intratracheal aerosolization of endotoxin (LPS) in the rat: A comprehensive animal model to study adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Lung Res 1997; 23:297–316 12. Lamontagne F, Briel M, Duffett M, et al: Systematic review of reviews including animal studies addressing therapeutic interventions for sepsis. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:2401–2408 13. van der Worp HB, Howells DW, Sena ES, et al: Can animal models of disease reliably inform human studies? PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000245


This article aims to contribute to the discussion between two basic dimensions present in prison, the security regarding to the custody and the treatment regarding to the resocialization. This research explores how prisoners feel about their quality of life in the current prison, particularly in attention to each of these two dimensions. Based on Liebling's questionnaire survey (MPQL) about quality of life in prison, we conducted interviews with 102 prisoners who serve their sentence in Sevilla II Prison. The key results show that prison's better functionality, both in security/control and in treatment towards resocialization, especially from what the prisoners perceive, is strongly determined by the behavior and the relationships between prison staffs and prisoners .


One of the most important responsibi lities in public security police sub station is to be re-sponsible for preventing fire and su pervising in governed district.For some reasons,such as legal system at present,the recognition of polic e affairs staff and existing system.All of this make the work develop unbalancedly,and many problems bring in.In a word,only reinforcing the work legislation,making the responsibility clear,strengtheni ng the training of the professional work and linking with the police affairs can change present conditions thoro ughly.


We report on the rediscovery of the previously unlocated single type specimen of Naja (Hamadryas ?) fasciata Peters, 1861 from the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat Berlin, Germany (formerly Zoologisches Museum Berlin), review its taxonomic history, and provide a redescription of the specimen. Morphological examination revealed that it is not a member of Naja or Ophiophagus, but belongs to the endemic Philippine elapid genus Hemibungarus. The juvenile snake most closely resembles juveniles of Hemibungarus calligaster calligaster (Wiegmann, 1834) in characters of its external phenotype, and is therefore referred to the synonymy of the latter. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A motorcycle having a transmission and an internal combustion engine, the cylinder arrangement arranged a VR cylinder assembly with staggered interengaging geschobenenen cylinder rows, wherein the internal combustion engine is fitted with a transverse crankshaft, wherein the crank drive acts on the crankshaft side set, so that the two planes which are formed by the cylinder axes of each row of cylinders, cut below the crankshaft axis, wherein a common cylinder head for each two rows of cylinders is provided, and wherein the internal combustion engine and the transmission are arranged in a common housing block with a common oil supply.


We study the dynamics of a coupled system, formed by a rigid body with a cavity entirely filled with magnetohydrodynamic compressible fluid. Our aim is to derive the global existence of the unique classical solutions and weak solutions to this system. Moreover, we show the weak-strong uniqueness principle which means that a weak solution coincides with a strong solution on the time existence of a strong solution, provided they emanate from the same initial data.


In the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) at RAL, muons are produced and transported in a dedicated beam line connecting the production point (target) to the cooling channel. We discuss the main features of the beamline, meant to provide muons with momenta between 140 MeV/c and 240 MeV/c and emittances up to 10 mm rad, which is accomplished by means of a diffuser. Matching procedures to the MICE cooling channel are also described. In summer 2010 we performed an intense data taking campaign to finalize the calibration of the MICE Particle Identification (PID) detectors and the understanding of the beam line, which completes the STEPI phase of MICE. We highlight the main results from these data.


The objectives of this study was to find out weed diversity and weed dominance in two different rice cropping systems in Bandung, Sumedang and Tasikmalaya regency from November 2018 until February 2019. This research was conducted using the survey method with two rice planting systems, SRI and conventional systems. Five locations, were selected for each SRI and conventional system at similar altitude in each district. At each sample location, we carried out vegetation analysis five times for each area of rice field using the quadratic method. Weed sampling was done randomly by placing a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat at five locations for each district and each rice cropping system. Absolute and relative weed densities, frequencies and dominance of each weed type were recorded to compute sum dominance ratio (SDR), community coefficient (CC) and weed diversity (H). Destructive method was used to compute weed dominance. All above ground weed vegetations were harvested and separated by weed type and dried in an oven at 80°C for 48 h and their dry weight was recorded. The results showed that the dominant weeds on SRI were Cyperus difformis, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ludwigia octovalvis, whereas in conventional rice cropping systems were Alternanthera philoxeroides and Pistia stratiotes. The species diversity index (H') at SRI cropping systems in three research areas all belonged to medium category (H'<23), whereas at the conventional cropping system all research areas had low category of H' <2. Community coefficient values at SRI and conventional cropping systems in three research areas were between 18.84 and 41.78 and belonged to the category of unacceptable, whereas the similarity of weed community between SRI and conventional cropping system in Sumedang was fair, Bandung was poor and Tasikmalaya regency was very poor.


The Smoothing the Path report (Hawthorn & Alloway, 2009) is very timely in relation to the current work on developing a new adult advancement and careers service. This article outlines the origins and key design features of the new service, with particular attention to the tensions between its universal and targeted aspects. It then examines the rationale for the involvement of the voluntary and community sector in policies for career information and guidance, recent policy with regard to the involvement of this sector, and different strategies for working with the sector. Finally, it indicates some of the policy issues illuminated by the report.


The project acceleration by the Crash Program is one of the ways that is often used to make time and cost efficiency on an ongoing project. Acceleration of project completion time will affect the efficiency of equipment and labor productivity. In the case study of the Surabaya Outer East Ring Road Project Construction Segment 1, a project that has the potential to be accelerated is discussed in order to obtain efficiency values in terms of time and cost, Project acceleration by means of the Crash Program using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) method to determine the value of efficiency. This project uses resources, in this research the software used is Microsoft Project 2016. The research method used is to design network planning, find the critical path for each job, determine the work that has the potential to be accelerated, calculate the crash cost in additional working hours. and work shifts, calculating direct costs and indirect costs for each activity that changes due to changes in the duration of implementation, calculating the cost slope. Application of the Crash Program in the work of Asphalt Concrete Surface Layers (AC) thick 5 cm in the project will have an impact on increasing the time efficiency previously planned from 180 working days to 175 working days and efficiency with the difference in project costs of Rp. 18.313.935,8 with a ratio of 0,997 between the PDM method compared to the cost of the contract value calculated using the crashing project method.


We introduce ConfSeer, an automated system that detects potential configuration issues or deviations from identified best practices by leveraging a knowledge base (KB) of technical solutions. The intuition is that these KB articles describe the configuration problems and their fixes so if the system can accurately understand them, it can automatically pinpoint both the errors and their resolution. Unfortunately, finding an accurate match is difficult because (a) the KB articles are written in natural language text, and (b) configuration files typically contain a large number of parameters with a high value range. Thus, expert-driven manual troubleshooting is not scalable.

While there are several state-of-the-art techniques proposed for individual tasks such as keyword matching, concept determination and entity resolution, none offer a practical end-to-end solution to detect problems in machine configurations. In this paper, we describe our experiences building ConfSeer using a novel combinations of ideas from natural language processing, information retrieval and interactive learning. ConfSeer powers the recommendation engine behind Microsoft Operations Management Suite that proposes fixes for software configuration errors. The system has been running in production for about a year to proactively find misconfigurations on tens of thousands of servers. Our evaluation of ConfSeer against an expert-defined rule-based commercial system, an expert survey and web search engines shows that it achieves 80%-97.5% accuracy and incurs low runtime overheads.


The invention discloses an electric transmission line failure relay protection method based on double-end positive sequence fundamental components. The electric transmission line failure relay protection method comprises the following steps of measuring positive sequence fundamental frequency voltage and positive sequence fundamental frequency current of a reference phase of the protection installation position of a transformer substation m of one side of an electric transmission line and positive sequence fundamental frequency voltage and positive sequence fundamental frequency current of a reference phase of the protection installation position of a transformer substation n of the other side of the electric transmission line; utilizing a long-line equation, calculating the positive sequence fundamental frequency voltage and the positive sequence fundamental frequency current of the reference phase of the protection installation position of the transformer substation n through the positive sequence fundamental frequency voltage and the positive sequence fundamental frequency current of reference phases of the protection installation positions of the transformer substation m and the transformer substation n; and calculating a phase angle and a phase angle . If the 0 degree, the electric transmission line between the transformer substation m and the transformer substation n fails. Motion performance of the electric transmission line failure relay protection method is not affected by factors such as transition resistance, a failure position, a failure type and load current, whether the interior of the protected line fails or not can be reliably detected, and the electric transmission line failure relay protection method has strong engineering practical value.


This paper has been drawn from part of work done by the authors to assist Varsha NGO, Hyderabad in project on the value chain analysis of maize with an objective to study the economics of maize farmers cultivating under tank irrigation and constraints faced by them in Mahbubnagar district. The study showed that out of total cost of cultivation of Rs. 32041.23 per hectare, the operational costs contributed 84.41 per cent and the remaining 15.59 per cent by fixed costs. Farmers secured a net benefit cost ratio of Rs.0.56, i.e., receiving Rs. 0.56 for every rupee invested in maize cultivation. Small farm holdings and limited resource availability and vagaries of monsoon like drought associated with highest cost on labour increased pressure of diseases/pests are the major constraints faced by the farmers in the study area.


Chemical, biological, and physical changes occur in eggs with the increase in the number of storage days and the storage condition. One hundred twenty eggs laid on the same day ranging in color from light brown to dark brown and of different size were bought from the local market. The samples were stored in the lab room ambient temperature and relative humidity. The spectral data from 300 to 1100 nm of 20 sample eggs on each alternative days were obtained until the 12th day of storage. Predictive model for Haugh Unit (HU) and thick albumen height was developed using backward propagation neural network (BPN) with Savitzky Golay (SG) third pass filter and Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) pre-processing method. BPN predicted HU with correlation coefficient (R) and Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC) of 0.82 and 8.11, respectively. Similarly the BPN predicted the thick albumen height with R and RMSEC of 0.83 and 0.88 mm. The device used in the research for spectral collection is simple and portable and the results obtained are satisfactory, this method can be used to evaluate the freshness of eggs in terms of HU and thick albumen height in the local market.


Introduction: Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) harboring an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation relies on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However all patients treated with EGFR TKI eventually present tumor progression, because of mechanisms of resistance such as amplification of the met receptor gene. There is currently no data on cellular phenotypic changes of tumor cells induced by met amplification in this context.

Objective: to determine whether met amplification triggers a more aggressive tumor phenotype in TKI resistant EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Methods: The proliferation and migration capacities were studied in HCC827 cell line, derived from a mutated EGFR NSCLC, and his daughter cell line HCC827 GR6 which is resistant to EGFR TKI through amplification of the met gene. Tumor growth of both strains was analyzed in a mouse model of ectopic xenograft.

Results: in vitro, we found a similar proliferation in the two cell lines and a significant increase in migration and anchorage-independant growth in the met amplified cell line. Treatment with PHA-665752, a MET TKI, significantly reduced the migration advantage of met amplified cells. In vivo, we observed a significant increase in tumor growth with the met amplified cell line. In vivo results regarding the metastatic potential of the two cell lines and the impact of EGFR and MET TKI will be presented during the meeting.

Conclusion: met amplification confers an aggressive phenotype to TKI resistant EGFR-mutated NSCLC. These results pave the way for an early use of MET inhibitors in association with EGFR TKI in order to prevent emergence of an aggressive tumor clone.


The objective of this study was systematically to analyse published randomized trials comparing lightweight mesh (LWM) with heavyweight mesh (HWM) in open inguinal hernia repair.


Background The ability to adapt behavior to changing environmental circumstances, or cognitive flexibility, is impaired in multiple psychiatric conditions, including anorexia nervosa (AN). Exaggerated prefrontal cortical activity likely underpins the inflexible thinking and rigid behaviors exhibited by patients with AN. A better understanding of the neural basis of cognitive flexibility is necessary to enable treatment approaches that may target impaired executive control. Methods Utilizing the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model and touchscreen operant learning paradigms, we investigated the neurobiological link between pathological weight loss and cognitive flexibility. We used pathway-specific chemogenetics to selectively modulate activity in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) projecting to the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Results DREADD-based inhibition of the mPFC-AcbSh pathway prevented weight loss in ABA and improved flexibility during early reversal learning by reducing perseverative responding. Modulation of activity within the mPFC-AcbSh pathway had no effect on running, locomotor activity or feeding under ad libitum conditions, indicating the specific involvement of this circuit in conditions of dysregulated reward. Conclusions Both attenuation of weight loss in ABA and improved cognitive flexibility following suppression of mPFC-AcbSh activity aligns with the relationship between disrupted prefrontal function and cognitive rigidity in AN patients. The identification of a neurobiological correlate between cognitive flexibility and pathological weight loss provides a unique insight into the executive control of feeding behavior. It also highlights the utility of the ABA model for understanding the biological bases of cognitive deficits in AN and provides context for new treatment strategies.


Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic wastewater. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods, whilst Pearson's correlation, principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate that of the eight heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei River is very high, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections, where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. Thus, special attention should be paid to Hg and Cd, and measures must be taken to prevent further anthropogenic influence on heavy metal pollution.


Objective:
To characterize the influence of dopamine therapies on perseverative decision-making during performance of a reward learning task in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with impulse control disorder (ICD).
 Background:
Dopaminergic therapies, levodopa (L-DOPA) and dopamine agonists (DAA), improve motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but DAA produces much higher rates of maladaptive impulsive and compulsive decisions in the pursuit of rewards (ICD; e.g., sex, eating, gambling). We hypothesized that a strong tendency to perseverate with previously rewarded decision choices is a specific consequence of DAA therapy in PD patients who develop ICD.
 Methods:
30 PD patients taking DAA, 15 with ICD (PD-ICD), and 15 older healthy controls (OHC) completed a dynamic foraging task requiring a series of selections between two crab traps that offer the potential for reward (i.e., catching crabs). One trap always offers a higher probability for reward, but this alternates between traps. This provides a measure of both an individual's ability to adapt decision-making to changes in reward contingencies and, critically, their tendency to perseverate with a rewarding trap after it is no longer the most rewarding. PD patients completed the task in three medication states: Off DAA/L-DOPA (n=30), On DAA (n=30), and On L-DOPA (n=18).
 Results:
PD patients were generally less effective at learning reward contingencies than OHC. Across all PD patients, DAA, but not L-DOPA, increased the tendency to perseverate with selecting previously rewarded traps (F2,32 = 3.677, p<0.05). L-DOPA, however, increased perseveration in PD-ICD, whereas PD-non-ICD showed reduced perseveration On L-DOPA (F1,13 = 5.387, p< 0.05).
 Conclusions:
Results offer new clues regarding the effects of dopaminergic therapy on perseverative, reward-driven decision-making. DAA potentiates a tendency to perseverate with previously rewarded decisions across patients. Similar to a larger literature, L-DOPA leads to reduced perseverative decision-making in non-ICD patients, but ICD patients have a unique response. Disclosure: Dr. Spears has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanoff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wylie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Claassen has received research support from Auspex Pharmaceuticals.


................................................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... 11


In an in vitro model, stimulation of blood cells with a low concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) revealed differences between women and men that possibly could be an explanation to why young women have less coronary heart disease than men (see abstract Hansen et al. "A model to--"). This model was also used to study the effect of intake of cod liver oil (CLO). 40 students (20 men and 20 women) were tested followed by an intake of 25 ml CLO daily for 2 months by 20 of the students. Heparinized blood samples were incubated with 2 ng LPS/ ml for 2 hours followed by isolation of plasma for thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PG 1α quantitation. After the first 2 months period of CLO drinking we have the following results: The two months of CLO intake had no significant effect pn the thromboplastin induced synthesis in monocytes. In addition platelet aggregation was tested in a whole blood aggregometer using ADP addition to heparinized blood or collagen induced platelet aggregation in citrated whole blood. ADP aggregation was reduced from 75.9 ± 16.8% to 55.4 ± 19% in the CLO group of women, whereas the reduction in the CLO group of men was 70.1 ± 17.1% to 60.9±18.6%. Similar result were found with collagen aggregation (57% to 33% for women and 48% to 30% for men). It is concluded that CLO intake reduces TxA2 production and plateletaggregation without having reduced effect on PGI2 production in whole blood.


The goal of reported here research is to develop various Kalman filter "fast" implementations and to design dedicated computer architectures. Preliminary results of continuing research and a systematic overview are presented.


Urbanization rate will be increased from 30% at the present to 60% in 2 030, at that time one sixth of China total land will be managed as urban utilization or influenced by construction. Acceleration of urbanization and ecological garden construction require higher demand for soil and water conservation in urban areas. Function of soil and water conservation institutions should be decided as monitoring and control of national land resource quality in order to implement high efficiency professional management.


A novel particle-swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm which coordinates the exploration ability and the exploitation ability(EEPSO) is presented.This algorithm divides the population of the swarm into the evolutionary sub-swarm and the randomized sub-swarm.During the evolution,the randomized sub-swarm reinforces the global space-exploration ability of the PSO algorithm,and uses the multi-species evolution information to generate the best-result-value space,guiding the particles of the evolutionary sub-swarm to approach this space.In order to improve the convergence rate,the guidance will be effective only when the evolutionary sub-swarm particles are in the convergence status.This limits the diversity of the population swarm,preventing the reduction in exploitation ability.The comparison experiments have been made between the proposed approach with the dissipative PSO and other cooperative particle swarm algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed method not only effectively solves the premature convergence problem,but also significantly speeds up the convergence and improves the stability.


ABSTRACT The various theories regarding the origin of cultivated carrots are reviewed. While the evidence for the origin in southwest Asia of the "eastern" carrot with anthocyanin root pigmentation is convincing, there is still uncertainty as to the mode and place of origin of the "western" carotene carrot. Daucus maximus Desf., frequently mentioned in connection with the origin of the eastern carrot, is shown to have been consistently misidentified with D. carota subsp. azoricus Franco, which does not appear to have been involved in the evolution of the carotene carrot. It is postulated that the western carotene carrot was selected from a gene pool involving cultivated yellow-rooted "eastern" carrots, cultivated white-rooted derivatives of D. carota subsp. carota grown since classical times and wild unselected populations of adjacent D. carota subspecies. The role of the umbel, sex distribution and protandry in the reproductive biology and evolutionary trends in Daucus is discussed.


The steady state dembdng of an initially homogeneous o》dde solid solution in an elec樋cal potential gradient is stud− ied theoretically and experimentally.Experiments were performed with single crys惚lline(CoκNi1一多)1一δO exposed to electrical poten廿al gradients of different strength.With respect to the oxide sublat廿ce one can observe a crystal dr血 towards the catho(1e,where an enrichment of Co is found,due to its higher mobility compared to Ni(Dc。>DNi>> Do).The dembdng increases with increasing strength of the electrical potential gradient.For the steady state condi− tions a fo㎜al trea㎞ent is given,which consi(lers the diagonal elements五酷and LBB of the transport coefacient ma一 魔.The predicted dembdng profile corresponds well to the experimental one. 取y吻名ゐ Electrical Potential Gradient,Demixing,Transport Properties Dembdng can severally alter the physical,chemical and electhcal properties and is a source of aging of multicom− ponent solid o》ddes{md limits their applicability.


What is the relationship between a literary work and its interpretation? What makes the first support the second one? How can we discern a valid interpretation from one that is not? How can the same work have different interpretations? Starting from the Nelson Goodman's proposal to qualify literary works as allografic, and, therefore, to define the works identity based on their spelling, looking for a response to posed questions implies a reflection both on language, as symbolic tool, and on the ways of reference of literary works. After the world dissolution in the multiplicity of versions that the language can offer of it, a peculiar conception of metaphor, understood as the projection of a realm to another of language, qualifies as a good model for the understanding of the relationship between literary works and their interpretations. In this way, the work itself not only becomes significant, but, by meaning, is also successful to get productive, changing, expanding, renovating the world version from which the reader-interpreter starts. Each reading of a literary work can be seen as a way in which what is said in the work is projected onto the interpreter's own world vision


Using a simple model of two-sided markets, we show that, in the social optimum, platform pricing leads to an inherent cost recovery problem. This result is driven by the positive externality of participation that users on either side of the market exert on the opposite side. The contribution of this positive externality to social welfare leads the social planner to increase users' participation by setting prices at both sides of the market such that the total price is below marginal cost. This causes operational losses for the platform. Our result holds for both interior pricing and skewed pricing in two-sided markets.


SUMMARY

Aging of muscle had previously been shown in our laboratory to increase the propensity of properly treated muscle cell segments to empty on extraction with water. It has been suggested that this emptying is caused by breakdown of a cytoskeleton, and, further, that this cytoskeleton is stabilized by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Due to the possible relationship of cytoskeletal breakdown to quality changes in meat post-mortem, the role of FAD in the preservation of cytoskeletal structure in chicken breast muscle was studied. No significant differences in FAD decomposition or extraction were found between samples handled in a manner such as to produce very large differences in the extent of emptying, the measure of cytoskeletal breakdown. Similarly, adding FAD to suspensions of muscle cell segments could not inhibit emptying under conditions where the supernatant fraction of a muscle homogenate could. It was concluded that FAD plays no role in the stabilization of the cytoskeleton of chicken breast muscle.


In modern logistics management,all the functional management of logistics economy,quality,engineering economy and other aspects depend on Higher Mathematics.However,when students are learning the subject,they are generally negative and lack strong interest.To solve the problem,teachers should take the following four approaches to stimulate and cultivate the students' interest,including(1) purposely indicating the relationship between Higher Mathematics and logistics management;(2) focusing on the cultivation of Mathematical thinking and qualities;(3) applying flexible teaching methods and means;(4) increasing content related to the history of Mathematics.


The management of International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) is conducted during the General Assembly (GA). The GA was held on Friday 20 May 2016 and was attended by the chairman and vice-chairman of each of the member countries. Other ICOLD delegates had the option to attend workshops on this day.


After the reform of structure and agenda of Polish educational system at the end of twentiethcentury and at the beginning of twenty first century the new subject – the basis for entrepre-neurships – was introduced. The existence of the subject in Polish schools since 2003 gives usa reflection on the didactic aspect appointed by the goals, the tasks, and the achievementsrecorded in the foundation for the curriculum as well as embraced by authorial curricula. Thework presents the results of the research that aimed to:– recognize the types and frequencies of incentive methods used in teaching and learning thebasis for entrepreneurships,– getting teacher's opinion on the instrument to perform the tasks imposed by the teaching ofthis subject,– recognize which of the didactic means are the most often used on the basis for entrepreneur-ships classes.


Laparoscopic multichannel fixing bracket A tape pass valve, characterized in that it comprises an outer transparent human abdomen software (1) which is connected to the lower end of a hollow cylinder (2), hollow cylinder (2) of the lower end is connected to a bell mouth (3), the hollow cylinder (2) of the outer package sealing a locking ring (4), the hollow under the action of the locking ring seal (4) and the bell mouth (3), wherein cylinder (2) is fixed in the incision; software transparent upper end of the cylindrical device is connected to a port sleeve (5), said cylindrical muzzle device (5) is attached to support frame (8), the support skeleton (8) mounted way valve (6), the upper end of the columnar muzzle device (5) is attached to a cap opening (7); muzzle side surface of the columnar instrument (5) is mounted (1) and the transparent software lumen means for communicating a patient gas, liquid, or inflate the patient is discharged, the filling conduit (9), the conduit (9) which is mounted on the valve with a control (10) is off. The present invention is of simple structure, manufacture, and easy to use.


A new wideband open-loop active harmonic load-pull measurement approach is presented. The proposed method is based on wideband data-acquisition and wideband signal-injection of the incident and device generated power waves at the frequencies of interest. The system provides full, user defined, in-band control of the source and load reflection coefficients presented to the device-under-test at baseband, fundamental and harmonic frequencies. The system capability to completely eliminate electrical delay allows to mimic realistic matching networks using their measured or simulated frequency response. This feature enables active devices to be evaluated for their actual in-circuit behavior, even on wafer. Moreover the proposed setup provides the unique feature of handling realistic wideband communication signals like multicarrier wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), making the setup perfectly suited for studying device performance in terms of efficiency, linearity and memory effects.


upper tone limit, and also the variations caused by changes in the intratympanic pressure. The technique of the various experiments must be studied to rightly understand the bearings of the results arrived at, but among the facts proved may be noted (1) that the healthy ear in youth possesses a hearing distance of from 25 to 26 metres for whispered numbers, and of at least 15 metres for the Politzer acoumeter ; (2) that the upper tone limit varies little where the hearing is normal; and (3) that Valsalvan inflation diminishes air-conduction for


There is still no consensus in the literature about the object and purpose of the accusation of breach of fundamental precept. It is true that the Office should be interpreted in the light of the Constitution and not of the ordinary law. In this sense, it can be an important tool in the defense of fundamental principles considering the originary constitutional rules.


The biochemical effect of deoxynivalenol on HepG2 hepatocarcinom cells was examined at a concentration of 2.5 μM and 24h of exposure. The antioxidant enzyme specific activities increased. Our results revealed that HepG2 cells exposed to this mycotoxin developed specific adaptative responses neutralizing oxidative stress.


Using metal nanoshells as an immunoassay substrate, we describe an immunoassay capable of detecting blood borne analyte on the order of minutes. Near infrared resonant gold nanoshells were labeled with antibodies specific to rabbit IgG analyte. The antibody-nanoshell conjugates were detectable via near infrared photometry in solution with saline, serum, and whole blood. Addition of analyte induced aggregation of antibody-nanoshell conjugates, causing a decrease in the original nanoshell near infrared resonance. Aggregation proceeded in a concentration dependent fasion in all three mediums (saline, serum, whole blood), permitting quantitative detection of analyte within 10-30 minutes and sensitivities <1 ng/mL.


Abstract The marine stratocumulus regime is studied using observational data from the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS) experiment. Such regions are climatically important because of their influence on the earth–atmosphere energy budget. The rate of entrainment of air from the free troposphere into the cloud-topped planetary boundary layer is estimated using a technique based on measurement of ozone flux and mean distribution. This rate is an important parameter for boundary-layer modeling. The average measured value of entrainment velocity is 3.0 mm s−1 with a range of 1.0 to 5.0 mm s−1 for cloudy cases. Variation in the rate between cases is not well correlated with variations in buoyancy or moisture fluxes in the boundary layer. Thermodynamic budgets are constructed for eight DYCOMS cases. Divergence-of the solar radiative flux is an important component of the boundary-layer energetics during midday. This is a significant complication to mixed-layer models. The net longwave (terre...


Objective To compare the anesthesia effect of different revulusion methods for the children patients undergoing(OSAS)surgery. Methods Total 60 patients(5~12 years old) were randomized into two groups with 30 cases in remifentanil and propfol revulusion group(R),and 30 cases in ketanine revulusion group(K). The preserved drugs were the same:propofol was given at a dose of 5mg/(kg·h), and remifentanil was given at a dose of 0.5~1.0μg/(kg·min) in continous influsion. To adjust the pumping speed with the condition of patients and surgery during the operation. To add the vecuronium with 0.05mg/kg to keep banlance of circulation. Write down the time when the patients' breathe recovered,the time of tracheal extubation,emergence time,the frequency of moving restlessly when waked and the time in the PACU. Results In group R,the BP and HR declined after revulusion,need use atropine. In group K the BP and HR were smooth. The circulation of the two groups were all smooth during the operation. In the end of operation, the time when the patients' breathe recovered,the time of tracheal extubation,emergence time, the frequency of moving restlessly when waked and the time in the PACU of group R were evidently shorter than group K(P0.05). In group K,the frequency of choke was evidently more than group R(P0.01),which was much harmful for the patients'recovery. Conclusion In group R the anesthesia depth can be controlled,also waking speedly,perfectly and safe,few complication.Group R is evidently better than group K,so it can be used in the anesthesia for the children patients undergoing OSAS surgery.


The article highlights one of the essential factors determining the capacity of regional and international organizations, as well as their success in achieving their goals, that is close cooperation between members of the organizations and with external organizations. The necessity to reach common views on strengthening of peace, security and stability predetermined the active position of the government of the Russian Federation in the development of foreign policy cooperation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). The author gives the definition of foreign policy cooperation of the CSTO, notes its basic mechanisms and the necessity of their formation, states the order of the formation of the foreign policy mechanisms that were identified by the basic acts of the CSTO, and identifies the role of the Russian leadership in their creation and development. The study gives the characteristic of the work of the State apparatus of the Russian Federation, implemented in the framework of the development of foreign cooperation of the CSTO, and notes the main challenges during the creation and development of mechanisms of foreign policy activity of the CSTO. The article evaluates the efficiency of the generated foreign policy mechanisms on the example of localization of the antigovernment protests that took place in Kyrgyzstan in 2010. The study notes the influence of the foreign policy positions of the CSTO member States on the effectiveness of cooperation in the format of the Organization. The author formulates the conclusions in which he states the role and place of foreign policy cooperation as one of the directions of interaction between the member countries of the CSTO, the necessity for the State apparatus of the Russian Federation to work on its development, and also indicates a possible way to overcome the limitations imposed by third-party organizations for the development of cooperation within the framework of security.


Las polemical literarias en la Espana del siglo XVI: a proposito de Fernando de Herrera y Garcilaso de la Vega. By Bienvenido Morros Mestres. Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1998. 338 pages. It is by now a truism to assert that every generation of scholars judges the work of its predecessors from different perspectives. Twentieth-century specialists have gone through several phases in the appreciation of critical works written in the Renaissance. Studied first as historical documents, they were dismissed as unreliable and methodologically defective. From the perspective of modern philology, the humanists' reconstruction of classical literature and culture appears uninformed; their use of sources, at times unacknowledged, foreign to present concerns for accuracy of bibliographical reference. Thus R. Pring-Mill defined as "plagiarism" Herrera's unacknowledged borrowings from J. C. Scaliger's works. Yet in his erudite and thought-provoking book, Morros prefers to deal with these aspects of Renaissance scholarship from an historicist perspective. His goal is precisely to discover upon which sources Herrera based his annotations to the work of Garcilaso, in order to reconstruct the particular understanding of classical literature, philosophy and science that a humanist could have had in Seville in the decade of the 1570's, when Herrera, probably annoyed at the publication of El Brocense's edition in 1574, decides to distance his own philological work, which appeared in 1580, from that of the famous humanist in Salamanca If El Brocense had preferred to emphasize questions of textual criticism, of emendatio in particular, producing a series of brief notes with only a cursory identification of Garcilaso's sources, Herrera would write a collection of scholia according to traditional techniques. Thus he combined the accesses ad auctores with the enarratio, which encompassed not only lexical observations (verborum interpretatio) but also information about contextual matters (historiarum cognitio). He also included some digressions on disputed topics, transforming his scholia into a small paideia about poetry and poetics, in the tradition of other Renaissance treatises, upon which he actually relied to write his own short essays. In Chapter I, Morros discloses Herrera's sources and its particular use in the Anotaciones, "a polyphonic work" built by means of contaminatio of Greek and Latin, ancient and modern texts. Morros proves that imitatio was the main mode of production not only of literary texts but also of exegetical discourses in the sixteenth century. Herrera's fluid prose results from the combination of discrete segments of discourse, which Morros, showing a solid knowledge of classical and Renaissance literature, and acting as a true detective, is able to identify in the work of his predecessors. We now confirm which precise sections derive from Scaliger's works and which derive from undisclosed sources, such as De deis gentium varies et multiplex historia and Historia poetarum tam Graecorum cum Latinorum, of the Italian humanist Lilio Gregorio Giraldo, an influential author that Quevedo still quoted and argued with in his own Anacreon castellano (1609). …


The efficacy of a combined use of P-40 and S10 BiodurTM techniques as an aid for radiographic anatomy is investigated. The purpose of this study was to use a combination of P-40 and S10 plastinated slices and magnetic resonance (MR) images to better understand the anatomy of the normal adult equine tarsus. Tarsi from four normal pure breed Spanish horses were utilized. The sagittal and transverse MR images were performed using a scanner with a 1.5 Tesla magnet. Macroscopic slices (2mm and 10mm in thickness) that correlated with the MR images were obtained from distal limbs whose synovial space (tarsocrural joint) and blood vessels were injected with colored latex. The results demonstrate that a combined use of semitransparent slices (P-40) and thick (S10) slices from the imaged specimens allows an accurate evaluation in MR images of many anatomic structures.


The utility model provides a mobile board room, which is a frame structure made of stainless steel plates. The mobile board room comprises a wall body, a top cover plate, a base plate, upright posts and a top, wherein reinforcing ribs are arranged at welded places between the base plate and the upright posts. The mobile board room provided by the utility model is convenient to transport and move, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and is economical and applicable. The mobile board room is suitable for being positioned on places, such as mountain slopes, hills, grasslands, deserts and riversides, does not occupy space, is delicate, elegant, good in heat-preserving property, warm in winter and cool in summer, can be designed into a single-layer or double-layer structure according to requirements, does not damage environment, is harmless and environment-friendly, and can be used for working and lodging when being lifted to an appointed place from a transportation car and being electrified, so that resources and materials are saved, and the manpower and material resources are reduced for an enterprise.


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that most commonly occurs in premature infants who have needed mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress, but can also occur in immature infants who have had few signs of initial lung disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a central role in vascular development. VEGF is a potent endothelial cell-specific mitogen and survival factor that stimulates angiogenesis, promotes vessel remodeling, and enhances endothelial survival. VEGF signaling is absolutely critical for vascular development and embryonic survival, and appears to protect the lung against hyperoxia or cytokine-induced endothelial cell injury. Whether disruption of VEGF signaling impairs lung vascular growth and contributes to the pathogenesis of BPD has been uncertain. Since the establishment of "vascular hypothesis of BPD", vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been adopted as one of the means for the treatments of BPD. However, the time of using VEGF is not unified. In this review, we firstly introduced the definition of BPD, and then explored the pathology, roles and mechanisms of VEGF in BPD, and finally briefly summarized the timing of using VEGF to treat BPD.


A method has been developed for the application of wall functions to generalized curvilinear coordinate systems with nonorthogonal grids. Two test cases have been computed using this method with the k-e turbulence model: flow over a flat plate at 0-deg angle of attack using a nonorthogonal grid at the wall and flow over a prolate hemispheroid with a hemispherical nose cap at 0-deg angle of attack. All results are compared with experimental data. In addition, the hemispheroid results are compared with computations using the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulence model and the Chien low-Reynolds-number k-e turbulence model.


It is important to measure the momentum flux across the air–water interface in the droplet- and bubble-laden turbulent flow at extremely high-wind speeds. Generally, the momentum flux is measured by a profile method, eddy correlation method, or momentum budget (balance) method at normal wind speeds. We assessed the usage of three measurement method at extremely high wind speeds in three wind-wave tanks, Kyoto, Kindai, and Kyushu Universities, JAPAN. Here, the Kyoto tank is 15 m long, 0.8 m wide, 0.8 m high and the maximum wind speed is 68 m/s. The Kyushu tank is 64 m long and the max. speed is 40 m/s. Moreover, we will show the preliminary results for the effects of the fetch on the momentum flux.


Artemisinine, a new antimalarial drug, has been discovered recently by scientists in China.In order to find more potent antimalarials, we have synthesized over 30 derivatives of artemisinine, i.e. ethers, esters, and carbonates of dihydroartemisinine prepared by treatment of artemisinine with sodium borohydride. They have been evaluated against chloroquine-resistant strain of P. berghei in mice. It has been demonstrated that many of these synthesized compounds are much more potent than artemisinine.


The conjugate addition of phenylselenomethyl-lithium to the α,β-unsaturated lactone (4) was a key step in a short synthesis of (±)-benzoylselenopederic acid (2); union of (2) and (±)-benzoylpedamide (3) by a modification of known procedures gave (±)-pederin (1).


When a reaction channel has an attractive Coulomb force between the separating particles, it is known that the total cross section in any open channel is predicted to be continuous across the threshold. The author points out that there is a second result of threshold theory that can be cast into a form relating cross sections above and below threshold (and so can be checked by experiment).