Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), a potent regulator of tumour angiogenesis, is differentially spliced to give rise to the predominant pro-angiogenic isoforms, VEGF121/120, 165/164 and 189/188 in human and mouse respectively. All VEGF isoforms bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, but elicit different signalling outcomes. However, this is further complicated by more recent work describing the existence of human anti-angiogenic VEGF isoforms (VEGFxxxb), which are thought to counteract pro-angiogenic isoforms, inferring that it is the balance between these two families of VEGF isoforms that determines tumour angiogenic outcome. We have shown previously that mouse fibrosarcoma cells expressing all VEGF isoforms (wt) or VEGF188 only, give rise to tumours which establish more slowly, exhibit higher rates of apoptosis, and exhibit more mature vasculature invested with pericytes, compared to VEGF164 or VEGF120 expressing tumours. Importantly this translated into resistance to the vascular disrupting agent (VDA) combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P) (Cancer Res 2008: 68:2301). To address the hypothesis that differences in signalling pathways between VEGF isoforms contributes to the tumour vascular characteristics described above, we performed proteomic profiling of wt and VEGF isoform-specific tumour cell lines and solid tumour lysates using commercial angiogenesis and phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase arrays (RD 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1371. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1371


Twenty-nine cases of the surgically treated distal femoral fracture were analyzed to compare internal fixators (AO DCS, supracondylar nail, May anatomical plate), who were treated at Department of orthopaedic surgery, Taejon Saint Mary's hospital from Jan. 1992 to Jun. 1994. The cases were classified according to AO classification and minmum 12 months (average:22.4 months) follow up. Following results were obtained; 1. Male was more common than female, age distrbution was between 16 and 77 years old(average 40.4), and the most common cause of the fracture was traffic accident. 2. The most comon type was type C by AO classification(type A 11 cases, type B 1 case, type C 17cases). 3. According to Schatzker's criteria in the clincal result, type A, B were better result than type C, and severe soft tissue damage, comminution and joint involvement lead to unsatisfactory results. 4. Supracondylar nail was inadequate implant due to inferior clinical result(1 excellent, 2 good and 3 poor). 5. DCS had more satisfactory result than other internal fixators(supracondylar nail, May anatomical plate). Based on the above observations, the better results depend on the amount of initial trauma, early anatomical reduction, rigid internal fixation and early exercise of the knee joint.


Temperature and electric field are important factors affecting space charge accumulation in high voltage dc (HVDC) cable insulation. Charge conduction and accumulation in XLPE have been studied by correlating the polarization and depolarization processes. The experimental results indicate that the steady current of XLPE increases about 2 or 3 orders with the increasing temperature from 25 °C to 90 °C, and the stronger electric field, the less the increased amplitudes. The trap level in XLPE stressed by different electric fields and temperatures have a tiny change from 0.89 eV to 1.15 eV. Besides, there exists an inflection temperature of charge accumulation in XLPE, around 50 °C∼ 60 °C. At the room temperature, the trapped charges are difficult to release from the traps, and these homo-charges near the electrode can depress the further injection of charges. With the increase of temperature, part of trapped charges near the interface will gradually migrate towards the bulk of the material, and more charges are injected. When the temperature exceeds around 50 °C, the molecular movement is accelerated which can dramatically enhance the hopping probability of charges between the adjacent traps, and little accumulated charges are left.Temperature and electric field are important factors affecting space charge accumulation in high voltage dc (HVDC) cable insulation. Charge conduction and accumulation in XLPE have been studied by correlating the polarization and depolarization processes. The experimental results indicate that the steady current of XLPE increases about 2 or 3 orders with the increasing temperature from 25 °C to 90 °C, and the stronger electric field, the less the increased amplitudes. The trap level in XLPE stressed by different electric fields and temperatures have a tiny change from 0.89 eV to 1.15 eV. Besides, there exists an inflection temperature of charge accumulation in XLPE, around 50 °C∼ 60 °C. At the room temperature, the trapped charges are difficult to release from the traps, and these homo-charges near the electrode can depress the further injection of charges. With the increase of temperature, part of trapped charges near the interface will gradually migrate towards the bulk of the material, and more charges...


We present TIARA, a novel approach to recovering container classes in c++ binaries. Given a variable address in a c++ binary, TIARA first applies a new type-relevant slicing algorithm incorporated with a decay function, TSLICE, to obtain an inter-procedural forward slice of instructions expressed as a CFG to summarize how the variable is used in the binary (as our primary contribution). TIARA then makes use of a GCN (Graph Convolutional Network) to learn and predict the container type for the variable (as our secondary contribution). According to our evaluation, TIARA can advance the state of the art in inferring commonly used container types in a set of eight large real-world COTS c++ binaries efficiently (in terms of the overall analysis time) and effectively (in terms of precision, recall and F1 score).


This paper describes the work that is being done in a school library of a Portuguese school, in the outskirts of Lisbon, concerning Information Literacy and its development through the collaboration with classroom teachers. The experience we have been carrying out in the last four years is based on the perception that the school library, by itself, cannot significantly influence students' outcomes and make them lifelong learners. Classroom teachers must be engaged to fulfil this mission. We will refer to the several ways we have experimented to achieve the best possible results in this area of school library work and to how self-evaluation has enlightened our way.


Ab initio and density functional theory calculations are reported for the chlorofluoroamines HNXY (X/Y = F/Cl) and all possible unimolecular reaction products from their ground state. Reliable enthalpies of formation for these molecules and reaction products have been calculated using the G2 model. The large discrepancy between theory and experiment over the ΔH° f(NCl) has been resolved by reevaluating the old experimental data. Optimized structures of all the species have been obtained at various levels up to MP2/6-311++G** and B3LYP/6-311++G**. The triplet−singlet energy gaps have been estimated for NH, NF and NCl at various levels. Enthalpies of various reactions have been calculated at advanced levels including PMP4, CBS-Q, G1, G2, and G2-MP2. Transition states (TS) for the three-centered HX elimination reactions have been characterized. Vibrational frequencies for all the reactants, products, and transition states have been calculated using HF, MP2 and DFT methods with 6-311++G** basis set. Threshold...


Background  Accumulating data have shown evidence of involvement of cutaneous nerve fibres and neuropeptides in psoriasis. Although ample evidence of structural and biochemical data exist no studies have been done on assessing the function of small nerve fibres in this disease.


Coordinatively unsaturated rhodium and iridium complexes bearing a bulky thiolate ligand, [Cp*M(SDmp)](BArF4) (2a, M = Rh; 2b, M = Ir; Cp* = η5-C5Me5; Dmp = 2,6-(mesityl)2C6H3; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) were synthesized from the reactions of [Cp*MCl]2(μ-Cl)2 with LiSDmp and NaBArF4. The metal centers in 2a and 2b weakly interact with the ipso-carbon of one of the mesityl groups in the SDmp ligand, while the ipso-carbon dissociates from the coordination sphere in the reactions with donor ligands. Treatment of 2a or 2b with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) led to the formation of [Cp*M(SDmp)(bpy)](BArF4) (3a, M = Rh; 3b, M = Ir) or [Cp*M(SDmp)(phen)](BArF4) (4a, M = Rh; 4b, M = Ir), respectively. The reactions of 2a and 2b with 2 equiv of tert-butylisocianide or 1 atm of CO gave rise to the bis-adducts [Cp*M(SDmp)(L)2](BArF4) (5a, M = Rh, L = CNtBu; 5b, M = Ir, L = CNtBu; 6a, M = Rh, L = CO; 6b, M = Ir, L = CO). The coupling of terminal alkynes and SDmp took place upon the addition of excess ...


Our work aims to rationalize Enterprise Architectures (EA) by providing the reasoning behind the designs, in terms of selection criteria, design alternatives and more. Its major contribution is a formal metamodel that captures the reasoning and the inter-relationships of design decisions. This paper extends our approach in order to provide an explicit bridging between the Problem space that is defined by the different requirements and the Solution space that is described by specific design decisions. In doing so, EA Anamnesis also supports traceability from specific design decisions to the given requirements.


SXR spectra measured in the stage of initial plasma heating in the L-2M stellarator were analyzed. It was ascertained that the two-slope SXR spectra usually measured in the quasistationary stage of the L-2M shots are not observed in the stage of initial plasma heating. In the initial stage of plasma heating, the suprathermal electrons are not generated. The electron temperature profiles were also measured in this stage. In contrast to the temperature profiles measured in the quasi-stationary stage of the discharges which have flat top in the radial range of r/ap ≤ 0.4, the temperature profiles measured in the stage of initial plasma heating have narrow shape. The differences in some plasma properties in two stages of plasma heating which result in different shapes of SXR spectra and temperature profiles are discussed.


In this article, oil obtained from vegetable was used to lubricate a single-cylinder 2-stroke gasoline engine as lubricating oil, and tribological function of the obtained oil was investigated. To investigate the tribological functions of the lubricating oils, a 2-stroke single-cylinder gasoline engine was used. For mineral oil and hazelnut oil, the test engine was run for 100 hours for each one and were used to lubricate in the test engine as lubricating oils. Samples were prepared for the aim of the determining the wear on the cylinder surface, and also EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrograph) analysis were obtained. The results of the analyses showed that, the wear on the cylinder surface were increased in the studies using hazelnut oil and the C content of the cylinder sample increased compared to the study with mineral oil. Al element was detected in the cylinder sample in the hazelnut study, that the reason for this, is the transport of the Al element during the friction event in the piston material to the cylinder surface.


Introduction: Complications from atherosclerosis can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. As a result, not only is the detection of atherosclerotic plaques important, an understanding of the formation and progression of lesions is vital. Furthermore, since the artery lumen is exposed to blood, the effects of blood flow, particularly wall stress, should be considered. By using different contrast weightings, MRI has shown the capability to identify plaques and various components (e.g., calcium, lipid rich necrotic core) in the carotid artery [1]. Ultrasound can also identify plaques and, to a limited extent, can identify various components based on shadowing and tissue echogenicity [2]. Both imaging modalities have the capabilities to image blood flow. Despite these imaging abilities, both techniques have limitations. MRI slice thicknesses are generally thicker than ultrasound and are sensitive to motion. On the other hand, ultrasound is highly operator-dependant, and traditional color Doppler methods are limited to one direction. Although both methods have weaknesses, together they can provide complementary information in order to improve upon the detection and understanding of atherosclerotic plaques. Purpose: In this pilot study, we develop techniques that can combine MRI imaging with Vector Doppler imaging of the carotid artery to assess flow patterns detected by ultrasound to appearances of vessel wall and lumen on MRI. Methods: Five subjects with various types of plaques underwent both MRI and ultrasound. MRI Imaging: Using a 3.0-T scanner (Philips, Best, Netherlands), a 4element surface coil, and standardized protocol [1], 16 slices (centered at the bifurcation) of 2mm thickness were acquired with a FOV of 140 mm × 140 mm and a matrix size of 256 × 256. Four contrast weightings were used: TOF, PDW, T1W, and T2W with the latter three weightings using black-blood imaging technique. Ultrasound Imaging: A trained sonographer acquired color Doppler images at atherosclerotic plaque sites using a linear 7.5 MHz transducer (Philips, Best, Netherlands). At each site, the sonographer took two series of color Doppler images at 20° and -20°. A cross-sectional freehand sweep of the carotid was also obtained. Plaque Identification: Plaque inner and outer walls in the MRI images were outlined by a trained reviewer using in-house software (CASCADE). Vector Map Generation: Velocities and flow direction were calculated from the two color Doppler angle data for an averaged cardiac cycle (i.e., over 6 cardiac cycles, the cycles were averaged frames matched with respect to peak systole) using methods similar to previously published methods [3]. In order to represent the data, the flow direction at a particular pixel is color coded (i.e., purple is to the left, red is up, white is right, blue is down, and any other direction is a blend of the closest two colors) and overlain on the corresponding B-mode image. A second image was generated with the calculated velocities and a seven-pixel square zone of averaged directional data. The center of the zone is depicted as a box and a line from the box shows the direction of flow similar to a weathervane. Data Analysis: Using the freehand ultrasound scan as a guide, the plaques were registered between the two imaging modalities. A trained reviewer identified MRI slices with flow artifacts, which was then compared against the presence of flow reversal in the Vector Doppler images. Results: Our findings of 35 slices of matched MRI and ultrasound demonstrates a strong (i.e., a Fisher's Exact Test P-value of 0.001) relationship between presence of flow artifact in MRI against presence of flow reversal in Ultrasound with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% 90%, respectively. Two examples are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 1, six slices of TOF and T1W show no flow artifact along the plaque. The Vector Doppler image indicated that there is no flow reversal in four different frames of the cardiac cycle (there were actually no reversals in any frame for this plaque). In Figure 2, three slices are shown for TOF, T1W, PDW, and T2W. Inside the lumen, flow artifact mimicking plaque is seen for all contrast weightings. The corresponding Vector Doppler images indicate flow reversal. Both examples demonstrate cases of association of flow artifact and flow reversal that we had expected. Conclusion: These findings suggest combining information from MRI and ultrasound can assist in MRI interpretation. Observing flow reversal in ultrasound can identify areas that may incorrectly be identified as a lesion by MRI. Ultrasound is already used for screening for plaques before acquiring MRI images, and therefore, minimal work is required to acquire two additional color Doppler readings. This additional information can be used by image reviewers to discriminate between flow artifact and actual plaque. Additionally, this can be of particular interest in monitoring plaque progression and regression in which a change in plaque morphology alters blood flow. Further studies will explore additional information made available by using these two imaging modalities for detecting and following the progression and regression of plaques as well as investigating the effects of blood flow patterns. References: 1. Yuan C, et al., NMR Biomed. 2006; 19:636654. 2. Wilhjelm JE, et al., IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998; 17:910-922. 3. Dunmire, B., et al., Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000; 26(8): 121335. Figure 1: Six MRI slices along a plaque are shown for both TOF (a-f) and T1W (g-l). The inner wall is outlined in red while the outer wall is in teal. A small calcium deposit is outlined in blue. The Vector Doppler calculations for a longitudinal slice of the plaque is shown as blood flow direction (m-p) and as velocity in cm/s with lines pointing in the direction of flow for a square area with a center indicated by a small box (q-t). No flow artifacts are seen in the MRI images, and no flow reversals are detected in the ultrasound images for four different frames in the cardiac cycle. Figure 2: Three MRI slices are shown for TOF (a-c), T1W (d-f), PDW (g-i), and T2W (j-l). Vector Doppler (m-p) results are shown at two points in the cardiac flow cycle. Flow artifacts (arrow) appear in all four different contrast weightings within the lumen. Flow reversal is observed in the Vector Doppler images. Table 1: Comparison of Vector Doppler Results and MRI Results MRI Results Flow Artifact No Yes Vector Doppler Flow Reversal No 20 1 Yes 5 9


The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the sports motivation level and impact of psychology among under-19 school players and (U-25) senior basketball players belonging to the Ajmer district of Rajasthan state. A total number of 40 basketball female players were selected by using random sampling method, taken as the subjects for the study. For collecting data, the mental skill psychological questionnaire test was used as a test. Calculation was done according to the instructions given in the test manual of the checklist. Getting data to investigate the motivation level and performance changes between the school and college teams were statistically analyzed by using two sample' t 'tests for the independent variables at 0.05 level of significance. The outcome of the study concluded that the senior basketball team was more psychologically strong and motivated because of their maturity level and experiences of the matches while playing the matches in tournament as compare to school basketball team.


India is a developing country where  Indian women need to go a long way to achieve equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society. As comparison to developed country development of women entrepreneurship is very low in India. Indian women face many social hurdles and have to stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achievements in their respective field. Now a days women have not only competed with men and successfully sand up with men in every walk of life but also in  business entrepreneurship. These women leaders are ready to take risk and more assertive and persuasive. They maintain equal balance in family responsibility and business front. They  managed to survive and success in this cut throat competition with their hard work, diligence, dedication and perseverance.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic yield of commercial immunodots to detect onconeural antibodies associated with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs), we analyzed the proportion of confirmed positive results using alternative techniques. Methods Sera (n = 5,300) of patients with suspected PNS were tested by PNS+2 blot (Ravo Diagnostika; January 2016–May 2017) or EUROLINE PNS 12 Ag (Euroimmun; July 2017–November 2018). Positive samples were further explored by in-house indirect immunofluorescence and a third in-house technique (Western blot or cell-based assay) using recombinant protein. Those found negative by these 2 techniques were considered as nonconfirmed. We analyzed the relationship between band intensity and final confirmation. Clinical data were collected for all confirmed results and nonconfirmed EUROLINE immunodots. Results PNS+2 blot was positive in 128/1,658 (7.7%) sera and confirmed in 47/128 (36.7%). EUROLINE was positive in 186/3,626 (5.1%) and confirmed in 56/186 (30.1%). Confirmation was highly variable among the antibodies tested, from 7.2% (PNS+2 blot) and 5.8% (EUROLINE) for anti-Yo to 88.2% (PNS+2 blot) and 65.0% (EUROLINE) for anti-Hu. None of the 27 weak positive sera by EUROLINE was confirmed. Band intensity in confirmed cases was variable among the antibodies from strong positive for all anti-Yo (n = 3) and anti-Hu (n = 11) to positive (n = 19) or strong positive (n = 9) for anti-SOX1. Among patients with a nonconfirmed EUROLINE result and available clinical information, all had an alternative diagnosis, and only 6.7% had cancer. Conclusions Immunodots may be useful for PNS screening, but a threshold should be established for each antibody, and clinical information and confirmation by other techniques are essential. Classification of evidence The study provides Class IV evidence that immunodot assays for onconeural antibodies accurately identify patients with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.


The Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, has not experienced any significant (>Mw 7.2) subduction interface earthquakes since historical records began ∼170 years ago. Geological data in parts of the North Island provide evidence for possible prehistoric great subduction earthquakes. Determining the seismogenic potential of the subduction interface, and possible resulting tsunami, is critical for estimating seismic hazard in the North Island of New Zealand. Despite the lack of confirmed historical interface events, recent geodetic and seismological results reveal that a large area of the interface is interseismically coupled, along which stress could be released in great earthquakes. We review existing geophysical and geological data in order to characterize the seismogenic zone of the Hikurangi subduction interface. Deep interseismic coupling of the southern portion of the Hikurangi interface is well defined by interpretation of GPS velocities, the locations of slow slip events, and the hypocenters of moderate to large historical earthquakes. Interseismic coupling is shallower on the northern and central portion of the Hikurangi subduction thrust. The spatial extent of the likely seismogenic zone at the Hikurangi margin cannot be easily explained by one or two simple parameters. Instead, a complex interplay between upper and lower plate structure, subducting sediment, thermal effects, regional tectonic stress regime, and fluid pressures probably controls the extent of the subduction thrust's seismogenic zone.


I Take it that what lies in the back of the minds of most of us when a subject like this comes up is the problem of the relation between economic unrest and political and social change, and more especially, the kind of change we call a revolution. We all know those for whom the solution of this problem is very simple: they say "look for the economic motive" as innocently as if they said "cherchez la femme." Even at a more mature level of thinking the problem is still often put in such a way that something economic always lies at the bottom, or pulls the trigger, or provides the main impulse, or—and this is the precious word—"determines" everything.


Objective To observe the treatment of high anal fistula with the technology of endoscopic guided shaving excision and vacuum sealing drainage. Methods The 130 high anal fistula patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group was treated with the technology of endoscopic guided shaving excision and vacuum sealing drainage,control group was treated with incision and drainage surgery. Results Two groups of patients with significant difference in wound healing time,pain scores,determination of the anal canal pressure,etc. treatment group was better than control group( P 0. 05),the difference has statistical significance. Conclusion The technology of endoscopic guided shaving excision and vacuum sealing drainage is effective on the treatment of high anal fistula,with less pain and fast recovery,and can retain the anal function as far as possible.


Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, including AIDS and transplanted patients, and in congenitally infected newborns. Despite the availability of several drugs, pharmacological treatment of HCMV infections is associated with poor bioavailability, toxicity and the emergence of resistant strains. Furthermore, no vaccine is available and no drugs are approved to prevent vertical transmission during pregnancy, therefore, it is essential to identify new potential targets of therapeutic intervention.

HCMV DNA polymerase accessory protein UL44 plays an essential role in viral replication, conferring processivity to the DNA polymerase catalytic subunit UL54 by tethering it to the DNA. Binding of UL44 to dsDNA occurs in the absence of ATP and clamp loaders, and depends on UL44 homodimerization. Indeed, our research group previously demonstrated that the protein can dimerize in cells and point mutations disrupting protein self-interaction also prevent DNA binding and abolish viral OriLyt-dependent DNA replication in transcomplementation assay. Therefore, disruption of UL44 homodimerization represents an attractive target for the development of new antivirals. Based on these observations, using the recently published crystal structure of UL44 hodimers our research group previously performed a virtual screening with the Glide software in combination with a library of 1.3 x 106 small molecules (SMs) to identify SMs potentially interfering with UL44 homodimerization. After three rounds of screening (HTVS: high-throughput virtual screening, SP: standard precision, XP: extra precision), followed by an in depth analysis of compounds chemical properties, 18 SMs were selected for further analysis. Selected compounds were obtained from a commercial supplier, to be tested in a variety of assays for their ability to inhibit UL44 homodimerization both in cell and in vitro, as well as on HCMV replication.

For this purpose, we applied two in vitro methods to monitor the effect of our candidates on UL44 dimerization such GST-pulldown Assay and Thermal Shift Assay (TSA). Furthermore, Plaque Reduction Assay (PRA) and Fluorescence Reduction Assay (FRA) were performed to study their inhibitory effects on viral replication.

Initially we validated that GST-pulldown assay was suitable to study UL44 dimerization and its perturbation caused by SMs. Therefore, we performed a first screening to test the effect of the 18 SMs on UL44 dimerization, and we identified 3 of these which reproducibly inhibited the dimerization. Prompted by these results, we selected such SMs to investigate a possible dose-response relationship between the dimerization inhibition and the compounds concentration. Unfortunately, data analysis revealed a high variability, and lack of correlation between the inhibition and the concentration of SMs used in the assays. In parallel, PRAs were performed to validate the effect of selected SMs, but these were unable to inhibit viral replication with high potency.

Subsequently, two recombinant HCMV viruses (TB4-IE2-EYFP and TB4-UL83-EYFP) were obtained from Michael Winkler (Leibniz-Institut fur Primatenforschung Goettingen, Germany) in order to study the effect of our molecules on HCMV replication by FRAs. Therefore, after a screening of the 18 SMs, 4 of these were identified as possible inhibitors of viral replication and were selected to further studies. We investigated their and 50% effective dose (ED50) and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values and their effects on the viral gene expression. Only 2 SMs reproducibly inhibited expression of Early and Late genes.
Then we evaluated an alternative in vitro assay and among the various possibilities, we have chosen TSA that is able to inform whether a SM induce the disruption of constitutive oligomeric interfaces. In a first moment we validated that the assay allow the discrimination between monomeric and dimeric forms of UL44, suggesting its potential for the screening of our SMs. As result of the SMs screening by TSA, one molecule revealed a possible inhibition of dimerization.


The 1990s promise to usher in a new era of formal and informal disclosure. Through the "formal" disclosure process, shareholders and institutional investors have and will continue to assume a more active role in corporate governance. Moreover, corporate management must also be wary of its increased liability for "informal" disclosure of material, nonpublic information. Now, more than ever, corporate management must be cognizant of the importance of formal and informal disclosure. This article examines both formal and informal corporate disclosures under current law.


Purpose: We present a case of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) complicated by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Methods: A 46-year-old male who had bilateral subfoveal CNV complicated by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome underwent 3 sessions of PDT with verteporfin in 1 year. Results: After 3 sessions of PDT with verteporfin, maintenance of visual acuity was achieved without any complication as alteration of retinal pigment epithelium and aggravation of intraocular inflammation, but subfoveal fibrosis developed. Conclusions: PDT with verteporfin is a good treatment method without any complication for the CNV complicated by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, even though multiple sessions were needed.


As a survey-type article, the paper reviews some results on a regular covering space in digital covering theory. The recent paper (10)(see also (12)) established the notion of regular covering space in digital covering theory and studied its various properties. Besides, the papers (14, 16) developed a discrete Deck's transfor- mation group of a digital covering. In this paper we study further their properties. By using these properties, we can classify digital covering spaces. Finally, the paper proposes an open problem.


The decline in fertility and mortality during the last three decades of the 20th century has caused significant structural changes in Thailand's population. The proportion of children is decreasing, while the proportion of older persons is rapidly increasing. Data from population projections for the next two decades indicate that the number of elderly people will exceed the number of children by the year 2025. This striking change will have a significant impact on local government's role in managing the needs of both children and the elderly, especially in rural areas. Regarding children, local governments should create policies and planning that improve the quality of education. Planning should focus on the development of learning and teaching methodologies, educational media, information technology, and personnel management. As for older persons, effective policies should focus on three areas: 1) allocation of monthly welfare allowances, especially for the needy; 2) increasing various health care services; and 3) income and employment policies should focus on occupational promotion projects. Earning money by themselves would help the elderly to achieve a sense of self-dependency and dignity; this is especially true for women, because they live longer than men and outnumber them.


In this paper, a multiple null digital beam former (DBF) that can adjust the number, width and depth of the nulls in accordance with the environment requirements is studied to improve the interference cancellation capability of the two dimensional array antennas. The Howells-Applebaum algorithm, Eigen value decomposition (EVD) and principal component methods are employed to derive the optimal weighting matrix of the multiple null DBF and simplify the computation of inverse interference covariance matrix, which can be implemented with the parallel processing architecture. If there is no jamming occurred, the DBF returns to its normal beam pattern. Finally, the simulations demonstrate the robustness of the interference cancellation of the multiple null DBF for a 16 by 16 phase array antenna.


Currently people with disabilities have a small or non-existent presence in research activities that explore the lives of people like them. However, there is a strong tradition of such research in special education and medical research. In this article we introduce various approaches to participatory, emancipatory, inclusive, and transdisciplinary research, and illustrate their origin and characteristics. Based on Pierre BOURDIEU's theory and principles of field, capital and habitus, reasons are illustrated why people with disabilities are excluded from the academic world, as well as the barriers they have to face. We offer examples from our own research practice. The results of research in German-speaking countries confirm that people with disabilities should be included in the design of research projects, the process of evaluation, and the interpretation of data. Because of that we appeal for a radical change at institutions of higher education and a comprehensive inclusion of people with disabilities in the conception of research projects as well as in the operation of surveys and the evaluation and interpretation of data. Linguistic barriers as well as the balance of power ought to be reviewed. The granting of research funds ought to be contingent upon approved participation of people with disabilities. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs120162


Rationalities is being have sufficient as the new god of modern humans. Being the fuel of spirit, they try to negate "Being" or metaphysical. The impact of it they alienate the social crisis and spiritual crisis. The extremely spiritual crisis generates atheism or at least agnostic. They leaned on the knowledges and technologist which have suspected them as the driving force of modernization process have resulted the higher degree of modern humans' rationality. Instead of losing the beliefs is precisely created the public sphere. The humans modern try to find the spiritual leaned by the Sufism way. One of the interesting Sufism figures to be studied is Ibn Atha`illah. This paper studies about the Ibn Atha`illah's view in the modern of philosophical Sufism . Practically he was more emphasize the Sufism 's value in ma'rifat view. He is also the main figure of Sufism but his activities or influences was only in it. Ibn Atha`illah was known as the master of Islamic laws in mazhab Maliki and akidah , the competence which as a rule of religious exoteric.


Prenatal screening tests are not diagnostic and only show and determine the risk of fetal abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the results of double marker test and nuchal translucency (NT) in first trimester with adverse perinatal outcomes (Low-Birth-Weight, Small for Gestational Age, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Aneuploidy, and fetal abnormalities) in pregnant women. This nested case control study was conducted on two groups of pregnant women. In case group (n=46) the result of double test in first trimester was positive (more than 1.50) and nuchal translucency was also positive (more than 3 mm). In control group (n = 77) the result of double test and nuchal translucency was negative. For each woman, data including demographic data, gestational age, gravidity, parity, number of abortion, weight and height of pregnant women, and the results of double screening test and nuchal translucency were recorded in a check list. For women who had positive test, amniocentesis (in 16 weeks of pregnancy) was performed. Borderline cases were followed using cell free fetal DNA or quadruple screening test. All women were followed during pregnancy until delivery. The prevalence of Down syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction and fetal abnormality in case group was more than the control group and difference was significant statistically (P = .001). Trisomy 18 and 13 were not found in the two groups. In terms of the frequency of spinal cord defects, respiratory distress, SGA, LBW and infant mortality there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Our findings showed that adverse perinatal outcomes in screening positive cases were higher. Therefore the double marker test could be helpful in detecting fetal outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction and fetal structural abnormalities.


The object of research is the factors that can directly or indirectly affect the income tax both at the local and macro level. In the study of the dynamics of changes in the income tax in Ukraine, under the influence of various factors, an abstract-logical method is used, which investigated the significant place of the income tax in the national economy of the country. It is obtained that the tax on the profits of enterprises in Ukraine can be characterized as an analogue of the corporate profits tax in the world. This is due to the fact that large taxpayers, of which less than 1 % of legal entities in Ukraine as a whole, are of great fiscal importance, in particular, provide about 55–59 % of income tax revenue in the consolidated budget. Compared with the EU countries from 2011 to 2016, the income tax rate in Ukraine decreased from 25 % to 18 %, although the country's income has not decreased. The share of income tax in GDP, according to statistics, has tended to decline and is approaching the average level in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Factors influencing the income tax and current reforms are considered: the size of the tax rate, GDP, expenditures on scientific and technical work, the volume of financial results of production institutions and organizations before taxation, their seasonal characteristics. Profit tax dynamics significantly influenced the economy of the country, its income and cash flows as a result of all tax changes. The system of taxation of profits of enterprises requires further reform to establish the optimal rate of recovery from profits, eliminate unreasonable benefits, integrate the dividend taxation system, and improve administration. Thus, in 2015–2016, the number of reasons for receiving tax benefits decreased by 4 times – to 24 and 22, respectively.


The paper deals with the influence of the design features of a mechanical system on multimass oscillatory power in the process of transition modes hoist truck crane


We examined in the present study main epidemiological features of canine mast cell tumors in Uruguay, principal breeds of occurrence, age, gender, anatomical distributions, and associated differences of pathological grading. During a three-year period, eighty four out of 405 skin specimens of dogs mainly received at the Veterinary Faculty of Montevideo from private clinics were mast cell tumors. Mix-breed dogs were mostly affected, followed by Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, Pit bulls and Golden Retrievers. Age of patients ranged from 3 to 15 years (median 7.9), and the incidence in females was slightly higher than in males. Tumors were more frequent in the trunk, followed by extremities, scrotum and neck. The majority of specimens were of high malignancy.


Student learning outcomes were compared across cohorts studying the Principles of Economics in a computer managed instruction (CMI) college course and in a traditional classroom setting. An educational production function model was estimated using data collected across the two groups. Results indicate that students with relatively high ACT and GPA scores tended to learn more under CMI relative to a regular classroom. Furthermore, older and male students also performed better with CMI, ceteris paribus.


We are developing a decision support architecture for chemical sensing networks, with the goal of improving their capability by interpreting alerts in the context of other available information. Most simply, health and status metrics derived from sensor data might indicate that false alerts are more than usually likely. In principle, however contextual information can come from a vast number of sources, including field or laboratory sensor calibration data and prior characterization of potential interferants, as well as site-specific data such as the results of environmental samples, meteorological data, historical alert incidence, and observations from on-site observers. To accommodate this diversity of data sources, we apply Bayesian network techniques that are commonly employed for information management in many expert systems, including for automated medical diagnosis and target identification in various military applications.


This study has two related goals - one very specific and one more general. The specific goal is to constructively engage with Lodhia () on the issue of whether and to what extent 'qualitative cousins' are well served by Faff's () original pitching research (PR) template. Using this 'cousins' focus as a primer, the more general goal is to update the agenda created by Faff () and in so doing, explore the 'extended family' of PR work/resources now available. Accounting and Finance


Objective: Diabetes exerts negative influences on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. Aortic extracellular matrix degradation is a seminal event in aneurysm pathogenesis. The formation of adva...


The primary purpose of this study is to understand better the roadway performance and the conditions that trigger congestion. Incidents of recurrent congestion were encountered at a location on New Hampshire Interstate 93 northbound, where radar measurements of speed were continuously recorded from April through November 2010. The root cause for the onset of congestion, both recurrent and nonrecurrent, is impossible to discern and explain by using exploratory data analyses alone; the data are too noisy. A time series modeling approach suggests that the magnitude of traffic flow and volatility, measured as the second (variance) and third (skewness) moments of flow residuals, can explain the triggering of congestion events for a highly variable environment that changes time by the time and day. The approach includes two types of mathematical models: generalized additive binomial probability models for roadway congestion that use functions of traffic flow and volatility as explanatory variables and functional data models that decompose and smooth traffic data to add insight to the roles that flow and volatility play in the congestion process. Most notably, the probability of congestion is shown to be a function of the short-term history of flow and volatility. The changes in these values—the first derivatives of flow and second and third moments of flow residuals derived from functional data model—are shown as well. Model selection, parameter estimation, and checking are presented.


This study examines the moderating influence of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, income and family size) on the relationship between psychographic measures (general deal proneness, price-related deal proneness, end-of-aisle display proneness, impulsiveness, smart-shopper self-perceptions and brand loyalty) and consumers' attitude towards private label brands. The proposed hypotheses are tested by collecting data at three different British supermarkets and assessed using structural equation modelling. The study reveals findings contrary to the prevailing views about consumer psychographics and socio-demographics, including the following: (i) the significance of deal proneness among high-income consumers; (ii) the end-of-aisle display proneness among older, high-income and highly educated consumers; and (c) the relationship between impulsiveness and brand attitude among low-income and less-educated consumers. The study also provides multiple insights relating to psycho-demographic targeting and display strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


6570 Background: Heat shock protein (HSP)-90 is an intracellular protein that chaperons several client oncoproteins important for the neoplastic process, making it a promising molecular target for ...


Background and purpose: There are remarkable differences in the prevalence of oral lesion throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of oral mucosal lesion among patients referring to Babol Dental School in Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was done in 2010 and census sampling was used to collect the data. The subjects included all the patients aged >15 years old attending Babol Dental School. The participants' information regarding gender, age, systemic disease, drinking alcohol, smoking, oral lesion, and wearing dentures were recorded through a questionnaire. The data was then analyzed using chi-square test in SPSS. Results: Totally 1870 subjects including 1086 female and 784 male were studied. Frequency of oral lesion was 26.4%. The most prevalent lesions were coated tongue (4.8%), fissured tongue (3.9%), and lichen planus (1.8%). We observed higher frequency of lesions among females. There was a significant correlation between smoking and wearing dentures and the occurrence of mucosal lesion, however, no relation was found between drinking alcohol and mucosal lesion. Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed a high prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions related to smoking and wearing denture. Therefore, awareness programs are needed to enhance the knowledge of people about the risks of smoking and applying dentures correctly.


With the development of modern society, Latin dance has become increasingly close to ordinary people and has gradually become a fitness sport. According to the mode of thinking, imagination and psychological characteristics of contemporary office workers, as well as the characteristics of Latin dance, the research and discussion on teaching and the training methods in sports dance teaching, this paper proposes how to use teaching methods in Latin dance classes for office workers in order to achieve the teaching goals, at the same time, how it can be accepted by social people who are different from college students. What's more, in order to improve learners' aesthetic quality and their own qualities, it is particularly important to cultivate aesthetic values in physical education. As a result, it can make up for the deficiencies in the current Latin dance education. The shortcomings of education in the traditional exams should be put aside to stimulate the interest of office workers in learning Latin dance and to better realize the task of Latin dance teaching for office workers. Based on the indepth analysis of the traditional dance teaching model, this paper finds out the disadvantages of the traditional dance teaching and integrates the cultivation of appreciation and aesthetics into the new teaching method, so as to make the Latin dance education more effective to the working people. Keywords—sports dance; office worker; teaching; training; aesthetic; interest cultivation


The efficiency and accuracy of numerical simulation on power unit is the key to study the relevant aerodynamic layout with multiple rotating power units. However, the numerical simulation of the power unit using real geometry all faces the problem of low solution efficiency. Taking the rotor hovering state as an example, the real blade was firstly simplified and replaced by a thin mesh disk to establish the effective momentum source method. Then, using fan-shaped mesh region that changes with time to replace real blade and simulate the rotation, the unsteady momentum source method which could get the revolution of tip vortex was proposed. The results show that the momentum source method with the input of accurate blade force distribution can simulate rotor wake better, and the influence that blade geometry acts on wake mainly reflects in the blade force distribution. In addition, the unsteady momentum source method can simulate the revolution of tip vortex, and its consumptions of computing resources and calculation time are only about 1/8 of the unsteady numerical simulation based on the real geometry.


ABSTRACT The use of turpentine substitute renders visible sedimentary structures on surfaces of anhydritic cores for periods of up to half an hour. Care should be exercised not to inhale fumes.


Exploring the mechanism of tacit knowledge dissemination is the basis of tacit knowledge management. This paper explores the mechanism of tacit knowledge dissemination in Newman-Watts small-world networks using the SIR model. The introduction of diffusion in the traditional diffusion model does not change the stability of the system. Therefore, It cannot explain the dissemination process. We replace the diffusion term with the adjacency matrix of the network to achieve dissemination. The results indicate that the diffusion of tacit knowledge subjects and the entropy of the network (NSE) play a crucial role in generating periodic and local dissemination behaviors. This model can guide significance for effectively accelerating tacit knowledge dissemination and improving the core competitiveness of the enterprise.


TAPs translation research is the application of the think-aloud method to an empirical study of the translator's mental process, and over the past 20 years it has been using students primarily as its subjects. The present paper argues that the think-aloud method can not only be used to investigate students' translation process, it can also be adopted in translator training by the teacher to give students more direct and concrete guidance in translation practice and thus to establish a new interactive mode of translation teaching in class.


Sexual harassment in the workplace is an issue that needs to take seriously not only by the management of an organization even, employee awareness of the issue to some extent can help reduce cases involving sexual harassment among workers in the organization. In connection with the study in the form of a survey conducted to (i) identify the relationship between the level of employee awareness of the definition of sexual harassment by a factor of age, work experience, positions and gender in the workplace and (ii) identify the level of awareness of employees SAJ Holdings Sdn. Bhd. against sexual harassment in the workplace. Selection of the 130 respondents are using simple random sampling method while questionnaire used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. The findings show that the relationship between employees' awareness in terms of the definition of sexual harassment by a factor of age, work experience, job title and sex is weak while the overall mean for the understanding of the definition of sexual harassment in terms of meaning and forms of sexual harassment are at a moderate level of 3:27. This finding is indicative of many workers who still are not aware of issues relating to sexual harassment in the workplace. Hence this study in particular, hope to help workers better understand the definitions of sexual harassment and that by understanding this disclosure issues involving sexual harassment in the workplace can be reduced.


Caracas, Comisi6n de Administraci6n Piiblica, 1963. Sherwani, O. K. The Role of the Establishment Division in Personnel Administration. NIPA Reporter. January-March, 1964. Smithies, Arther. The Theory of Budgeting and Government Organization. The Indian Journal of Public Administration. January-March, 1964. Tsien, J. Les systemes d'examen pour le recrutement des fonctionnaires en Chine (de Confucius a nos jours). La Revue Administrative. Mai-Juin, 1964.


Economic development presupposes not just the existence of formal institutions, but also certain norms or social values that promote exchange, savings, and investment. Thus, there is a cultural dimension to economic behavior. The importance of cultural factors for economic behavior has long been controversial, with some social scientists—particularly economists—arguing that it constitutes a small and difficult-to-measure residual variable, and others asserting that social norms are constitutive of economic life itself. While culturalist explanations of development took a back seat to structural ones in the 1960s and 1970s, they have seen something of a revival in the 1980s and 1990s as result of observing the economic performance of culturally distinctive regions like East Asia and formerly communist countries. Most recently, cultural factors have been discussed under the rubric of 'social capital.' Social capital is a norm promoting social cooperation, which is seen to be productive of wealth as much as physical and human capital. A major research question for the future is how to measure social capital, and more broadly how to incorporate qualitative factors like social relationships and cultural habits into the mathematical models that dominate contemporary economics.


A general assessment of the range of barriers which impede household investments in weatherization and other energy efficiency improvements for their homes is provided. The relationship of similar factors to households' interest in receiving a free energy audits examined. Rates of return that underly household investments in major conservation improvements are assessed. A special analysis of household knowledge of economically attractive investments is provided that compares high payback improvements specified by the energy audit with the list of needed or desirable conservation improvements identified by respondents. (LEW)


Background and objectives: Cochlear implantation carries many morbidity, complications, and even failure which may have an economic burden to candidates and medical administration. Several surgical techniques and implants had been suggested for optimum result and implant proper functioning. Our aim was to determine various complication types and rate encountered in cochlear implantation candidates of different age groups at Rizgary Teaching Hospital. Methods: Prospective case series review conducted on 110 cochlear implantation candidates who underwent cochlear implantation in Ear, Nose and Throat – Head & Neck Surgery department, at Rizgary Teaching hospital from January 2014 until January 2016. The cochlear implantation complications were identified as (minor) and (major). All complications were systematically studied and analyzed with maximum duration of follow-up of 24 months. All cochlear implantation candidates were received unilaterally multichannels cochlear implant. The same surgical team performed all surgical procedures. All patients provided written informed consent for the procedures. Results: The overall rate of complications was 13.63% (15 out of 110). The minor complications were 12 cases (10.90%), including postoperative wound infections in 3 cases (2.72%), electrode issues in 3 cases (2.72%), acute otitis media in 2 cases and transient vertigo/dizziness in 2 cases (1.81%), transient facial palsy in 2 cases. The major complications were 3 cases (2.72%), including device failure in 2 cases (1.81%), cholesteatoma in 1 case; all major complications were required revision surgery, and other minor complications were managed medically. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation is a relatively safe and effective procedure with fewer complications rate when performed by experienced and skilled surgeons.


Geographer-climatologists have a rich heritage in the fields of physical and boundary-layer climatology—a heritage deeply rooted in the study of earth-surface interactions with the atmosphere and in focussing on the processes and geographic distributions of energy, mass, and momentum exchanges operating in the climate system. This paper briefly reviews four selected areas in which geographer-climatologists have made, and continue to make, significant contributions to physical and boundary-layer climatology: (1) mountain and alpine, (2) urban, (3) land-surface, and (4) large-scale physical climatology. There are certainly many other topics that also could be reviewed (e.g., glacier microclimatology), but space limits a detailed evaluation of these sub-areas. However, our review of the four areas listed above reveals several mutual concerns of sampling, methods of analysis, and modeling that are evident across the range of physical and boundary-layer climatology. We hope that aspiring climatologists will ch...


This study investigated the effect of different detergents used to clean cows' udders on the microbial content of the produced milk using twenty cows in Ajloun, a northern city in Jordan. The milking process was repeated from same cows on three successive days. On day 1, we milked the cows after cleaning their udders using water only. This was repeated on the two successive days. Thereafter, the cows were milked after cleaning their udders by a different detergent each day. The process was also repeated for three successive days for each detergent. Microbial Analysis was carried out on the collected milk samples. The results indicated that cleaning cows' udders before milking has improved the hygiene conditions and reduced the total bacterial count, total coliform, staphylococci and enterococci spp counts and the values of yeast and molds. Different detergents had different effects on the microbial counts. Finally, the effectiveness of the detergent differed according to its brand. Our findings are important to public health because milk has been a traditional food and ironically a very potent carrier of gastrointestinal infections, if contaminated.


Three rumen fistulated Holstein dairy cattle were used to study the effect of feeding rations with different proportions of deyeuxia langsdorffii kunth on ruminal pH value,ammonia nitrogen concen- tratoin,VFA concentration and production performance of cows in a 3×3 Latin square design.The results showed that the average pH value were 6.93,6.69 and 6.72;average NH_3—N concentration were 2.15 mmol/L to 2.73 mmol/L,2.19 mmol/L to 2.77 mmol/L and 2.33 mmol/L to 2.91 mmol/L;average TV- FA concentration were 84.74 mmool/L,83.75 mmol/L and 85.86 mmol/L;average milk production were 15.31 kg,20.21 kg and 17.62 kg;average milk fat percentage were 3.98%,3.27% and 3.46% respec- tively for three groups receiving diets including 100%,25% and 50% deyeuxia langsdorffii kunth.In con- clusion,the better ruminal environment and fermentation and higher production performance were ob- served in the experiment for cows fed diet containing 25% deyeuxia langsdorffii kunth and 75% corh silage.


Three types of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)-based cements containing magnetic (Fe3O4) particles were developed and their properties were evaluated. The commercial available PMMA cement (PMMAc) was used as a control material. The setting time of the cement extended while the compressive strength of the samples decreased with increasing Fe3O4 content. There was no obvious difference in peak temperature between the cements during the setting reaction. The cement with 10 wt% Fe3O4 in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) of 125 Gs and cement with 20 wt% Fe3O4 in an AMF of 100 Gs could generate enough heat for the therapeutic hyperthermia of bone metastasis.


SYNOPSIS. In 3 species of carnivorous protozoa, the rate of individual food intake per generation declines with an increase in the density of the population. In all, the rate of division remains constant. Three hypotheses may be proposed to explain these phenomena: the individual size decreases, thus bringing about a decline in food need; the individuals in the earlier stages of population growth consume excess food which is passed on to later generations to supplement their food intake; an increase in density within the carnivore population decreases the activity rate, thus reducing the food requirement. Experiments using Didinium nasutum as the carnivore and Paramecium aurelia, syngen 4, as the food source were conducted to test these 3 hypotheses. The results contradicted the 1st hypothesis and part of the 2nd. A new working hypothesis based on the remaining hypotheses is proposed.


The invention discloses a slide rail type flame thrower which comprises a slide pipe. The slide pipe is sleeved with a slide frame which is provided with a mounting groove and a cover plate. Lock pipes are arranged in the connecting position of the slide pipe and the slide frame. The slide frame is provided with a slide groove, the slide pipe is mounted in the slide groove, and the cover plate covers the slide pipe. A flame thrower body can be mounted in the mounting groove of the slide frame, the slide frame can slide along the slide pipe so as to conveniently control movement of the flame thrower body, and the flame thrower body can be conveniently adjusted.


This paper is devoted to the global attractors of the tropical climate model. We first establish the global well-posedness of the system. Then by studying the existence of bounded absorbing sets, the global attractor is constructed. The estimates of the Hausdorff dimension and of the fractal dimension of the global attractor are obtained in the end.


This study formulated different flours from sprouted water melon seed and evaluated the proximate and sensory properties akara-analogue potential in Nigeria. The results showed that proximate composition: moisture (7.06-8.46%), protein (19.14%-37.24%), fibre (0.23-0.36%), fat (22.7726.58%), ash (2.44-3.47%) and carbohydrate (30.58-41.91%) were significantly different at p<0.05. The bulk density ranged from 0.51-0.53g/ml, solubility index (40.30-40.01%), water absorption capacity (1.21-1.25%), swelling capacity (5.32-6.67%), pH (6.13-6.14); for sprouted and nonOriginal Research Article Olatidoye et al.; EJNFS, 13(2): 122-138, 2021; Article no.EJNFS.66733 123 sprouted samples. Tannins, saponin, sterols, oxalate and phytate were detected in sprouted and unsprouted flour. Sprouting enhanced the amino acid content of composite flour. Mineral contents of Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn and Mn were increased due to sprouting. The sensory analysis showed that the control samples have the highest taste score (7.35) and aroma (7.60) and were significantly different at p<0.05. Enhanced amino acid composition of watermelon may enhance the use of this flour as protein supplement for the development of new food product.


The absorption of energy in the field of a longitudinal stress wave in uniaxial ferromagnetic materials, due to reversible rotation processes, was considered in [1], and in triaxial and tetraxial ferromagnetic materials in [2, 3]. The anisotropy of the absorption of transverse elastic waves in triaxial magnetic materials is described in [4]. It is of interest to investigate this phenomenon in uniaxial ferromagnetic materials, where the domain structure contains only 180-degree domain boundaries, if we ignore edge effects, and consequently there are no losses due to magnetoelastic hysteresis in such systems even for unblocked domain boundaries. Hence, the absorption of elastic waves (its magnetic component) is due solely to reversible rotations of the spontaneous magnetization vectors I s, whereas in triaxial and tetraxial magnetic materials these losses are not found in pure form. However, there is no information on this problem for uniaxial magnetic materials with hexagonal symmetry either on its exFerimental or theoretical aspects. A typical representative of uniaxial magnetic materials is cobalt, in which, in the initial state, when there is no stress wave o, the vectors I s of the two magnetic phases are directed along the "easy" [001] axis. Using this magnetic material as an example we will also initially consider the orientational dependence of the magnetoelastic relaxation in a polydomain crystal containing domains of the same size. Because of the evenness of the magnetostriction we will write the equations of the rotational moments [1-5] for one magnetic phase with I s [J Z. We will confine ourselves, as in [1], to the case when the form factor can be neglected. Then, for small deviations of the vectors I s from the "easy" directions by an angle ,,03, we have


..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Genomics and drug discovery ............................................................................................................................ 6 Target identification ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Chemical proteomics and drug-affinity chromatography ............................................................................... 9 Fluorous proteomics for target ID ................................................................................................................. 11 Lenalidomide and target ID ............................................................................................................................. 13 JQ1 and target ID .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Reagents .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Cell culture and functional studies .................................................................................................................. 17 Synthetic chemistry ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Cell lysis and protein extraction ...................................................................................................................... 19 Assessment of protein activities ...................................................................................................................... 20 Western Blot ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 Drug affinity chromatography ......................................................................................................................... 21 Protein purification ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Peptide mass spectrometry, identification and quantitation ....................................................................... 22 4 Zebrafish drug treatment experiments ........................................................................................................... 23 Results ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Selection of proof-of-method problems for fluorous proteomics............................................................. 24 Lenalidomide has cell-autonomous tumor activity ....................................................................................... 24 Testing of other thalidomide derivatives establishes an SAR and identifies derivatives for further development ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 5HPP33 as a potential lead for drug development and Target ID ............................................................ 27 Lenalidomide in a zebrafish model ................................................................................................................. 28 Synthesis and testing of a lenalidomide-fluorous probe .............................................................................. 29 Establishing experimental conditions for fluorous proteomics ................................................................. 30 Fluorous proteomics of lenalidomide ............................................................................................................ 32 JQ1 in T-ALL .................................................................................................................................................... 34 Biotinylated JQ1 drug-affinity chromatography ........................................................................................... 35 Fluorous proteomics of JQ1. ........................................................................................................................... 35 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................... 37 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 37 The mechanism of lenalidomide ..................................................................................................................... 38 Difficulties (and possible successes) with fluorous proteomics ................................................................. 39 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................................. 41 Figures and Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 42


Abstract Individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) have impaired thermoregulatory mechanisms attributed to interruption of motor, sensory, and autonomic neuropathways. To determine the effects of heat exposure on core body temperature (Tcore) and cognitive performance in persons with tetraplegia, 8 individuals with chronic tetraplegia (C3–C7, American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale A–B) and 9 able-bodied controls were acclimated to 27°C at baseline (BL) before being exposed to 35°C for up to 120 min (Heat Challenge). Rectal temperature (Tcore), distal skin temperatures (Tskavg), sweat rate (QSavg), microvascular skin perfusion (LDFavg), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were measured. Cognitive performance was assessed using Stroop Color and Word and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Digit Span tests at BL and at the end of Heat Challenge. After Heat Challenge, Tcore increased 0.78 ± 0.18°C (p < 0.001) in tetraplegics after an average of 118 ± 5 min. Tcore did not cha...


Purpose

Extant research on comparative advertising has focused only on "market leader" comparisons (a brand targeting the market leader), whereas in the marketplace, "multi-brand" comparisons are more prevalent (Kalro et al., 2010). Moreover, most research focuses on direct comparisons only. Hence, this research aims to investigate the interplay between comparison ad strategy ("market leader"/"multi-brand" comparisons) and comparison ad format (direct/indirect comparisons) on the effectiveness of comparative advertising.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses four 2 × 2 fully crossed factorial designs (comparison ad format: direct vs indirect and comparison ad strategy: market leader vs multi brand) with established and new brands in two categories: powdered detergents and smart phones. All studies were conducted in metropolitan cities of India.

Findings

By and large, the experiments indicated that direct (indirect) comparisons lowered (heightened) perceived manipulative intent and enhanced (reduced) attitude-toward-the-ad for multi-brand (market leader) comparisons.

Practical implications

Findings suggest that when advertisers use comparative advertising, they may use direct ads when using multi-brand comparisons and use indirect ones when using market leader comparisons. It could also be argued that when advertisers use multi-brand comparisons because of fragmentation in the marketplace, they may directly compare against these multiple brands. When advertisers need to compare against a market leader, they may do so indirectly.

Originality/value

This research is among the first to investigate multi-brand comparisons that are widely used in the industry and that too in the context of both direct and indirect comparison formats.


Several common and functional genes are known to contribute to responsiveness to blood pressure (BP) therapy. BP therapy is typically guided by algorithms that do not include a patient's genetic information. This study aimed to determine the impact of a multi-organ genetic panel on BP response to pharmacotherapy. Eighty-six patients completed one study visit consisting of a buccal swab collection, measurement of office BP, and a medical chart review for BP history. Genes analyzed included those that encode for one drug metabolizing enzyme, renal Na+ handling, vascular, and cardiac function. Relationships between genotype and control of BP (<140/<90), ∆ systolic BP, ∆ diastolic BP, and ∆ mean arterial BP were assessed. SLC12A3 resulted in a significant association between the target drug and the functional genotype for BP control (<140/<90 cut off) (p<0.05). Conversely, three of five renal genotypes were associated with BP control using 120/80 as a cut-off (p<0.05). Three of four cardiac genotypes were associated with the BP control at <140/<90, with one being statistically significant (position 49 of ADRB1). Only one vascular genotype was predictive of blood pressure control at <140/<90. We found a significant drop in mean BP from baseline in six genes, three important in the diuretic response and three in β-blockade (p<0.05 on target drug vs. not). These results demonstrate that a multi-gene panel for renal Na+ handling, vascular function, and cardiac output may influence the BP response to therapy, but larger studies with more statistical power are needed.


ABSTRACT We report the first documented case of canine strangles due to infection with Streptococcus equi in a dog with enlarged lymph nodes. Genetic typing, via sequencing of 12 housekeeping genes and the SeM gene, demonstrated the isolate to be a member of a common equine strain type circulating in the United Kingdom.


. The possibility of using of GIS technologies for the construction of buffer zones and Voronoi polygons and cartograms which help to do the design work at a higher quality level with the application of one of the effective method of GPS surveying – the survey in real time kinematic (RTK) is demonstrated in the article.


The invention relates to automated determination of contours on the basis of iterative reconstruction. The method is for the segmentation of an examination region (FOV) to be imaged. The invention includes the following steps: scan projection data (RD) are acquired from the examination region (FOV) to be mapped; iterative reconstruction (IR) takes place on the basis of the acquired scan projection data (RD); preliminary image data (VBD) and preliminary textural features (VTM) are reconstructed; anticipated preliminary structures (VEK), preferably preliminary contours, are determined in the examination region on the basis of the obtained preliminary textural features (VTM); the anticipated preliminary structures (VEK) are then taken into account during iterative reconstruction of preliminary image data (VBD) and preliminary textural features (VTM). An image segmentation method is described, moreover. An image reconstruction device (40) is also described. Also described is a computer tomography system (1).


Software systems, which are dynamically composed from plug-and-play components, allow users to adapt an application to the working scenario at hand. While the testing of individual components is well understood, there are no systematic techniques that test if components can be assembled in arbitrary orders. This paper introduces a method and a tool for testing the dynamic composability of component-based software systems. It is based on Plux. NET, a plug-in platform for plug-and-play composition of .NET applications.


Consent to perform a small favor increases a respondent's susceptibility to perform a relatively large favor. This phenomenon, known as the foot-in-the-door effect, is considered to result from induced self-perception changes: the respondent comes to feel helpful for doing the small favor and complies again later out ofa desire to maintain the instilled self-view. This study did not find a link between self-perception changes and large-request compliance in 2 experiments, although manipulations successfully altered self-rated helpfulness. Specifically, self-rated helpfulness increased (in Experiments 1 & 2) if participants' consent to a small favor brought social approval, and the ratings decreased (in Experiment 2) when social feedback for the small favor contained consensus information (i.e., indicated everyone else was also doing the favor). However, the ratings failed to predict either foot-in-the-door effects actually observed or compliance generally. Preexperimental gender differences in self-perceived helpfulness, in which women construed themselves to be more helpful than men, did successfully predict compliance with the large request. Implications for a theory of foot-in-the-door are discussed.


Nowadays robotic manipulators have been widely used in all fields of engineering. The main features of these machines are speed, accuracy and a good repetition capability, and their sustainability over the entire operating life of robots. However, it is not sure that such complex equipment is always required. The operational tests presented here are suitable to compare the operating features of each machine with a different structure but executing the same tasks andthereby to select a machine type or construction. In this publication I present the operating principle of the two most commonly used industrial robot motors and their most important parameters through operational tests.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Acute Phase Proteins (APP), lipid profiles and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy and bronchopneumonic water buffalo calves. Therefore, sixty water buffalo calves (9±1 month old, 175±15 kg) were divided into two equal groups, the first group represented healthy, control, calves whereas calves of the second group were affected with bronchopneumonia. Total leukocytic and differential counts were determined. Serum total protein, albumin, Triacylglyceol (TAG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Total cholesterol, Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Fibrinogen (Fb), Haptaglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukins (IL1β, IL-12) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were also determined. In addition, Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) was collected and analyzed. The present findings indicated that, total leukocytic and neutrophils counts were significantly (p


This article is the fourth of a series of materials that tell about figurative comparisons and eponyms in modern functional diagnostics. Daily ECG monitoring, ECG treadmill test, daily blood pressure monitoring, spirometry, cardiorespiratory monitoring were considered. The names of great scientists who have made a great contribution to the history of medicine are given: Holter, Bruce — 'father of the cardiology of exercises', Tiffeneau, Gensler. Figurative comparisons like 'electric storm', 'white coat hypertension', 'shark's tooth', 'fat guy 'Joe' are described. The terms that will be discussed in the article have not only scientific, but also applied meaning. The article will be useful and interesting to students of medical universities, residents and doctors, whom it will help to check and, possibly, update their knowledge.


The present invention relates to a broadband quadrature error correction. A transmission module, which includes a transmitter, a receiver and a loopback QEC controller. In the first state, the QEC loopback controller calibrating the receiver to remove the echo at the receiver quadrature imbalance. In the second state, to provide a communication path between the transmitter and the receiver to send back, and a controller compares the data QEC loopback signal output and the receiver input data signal to identify at least a transmitter in the transmitter quadrature imbalance. Based on the comparison, QEC controller may adjust one or more characteristics of the transmitter to correct quadrature errors in the transmitters.


— In this paper, a DNA sequence compression algorithm through substitution mechanism has been proposed. The field of bioinformatics research deals with huge DNA data, which requires to be compressed for proper storage utilization. Different symbols for the different sequence of occurrence of DNA sequence has been chosen and compressed the sequence. Dynamic programming concepts have been explored in the proposed algorithm.


The protein C system is an important anti thrombotic pathway that regulates the coagulation system by inactivating procoagulant factors Va and VIIIa and enhancing clot lysis by inhibiting the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor. Protein C deficiency, therefore, is a hypercoaguable state characterized by increased risk of thromboembolic events such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, and venous thrombosis. Extra caution would be warranted in patients with protein C deficiency who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass and are naturally predisposed to hypercoaguability. To our knowledge, however, the management considerations of a patient with protein C deficiency undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass have not been published. This case report presents a pediatric patient with heterozygous protein C deficiency and a prior history of venous thrombosis after open heart surgery who underwent repeat open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Initiation of anticoagulation therapy upon admission to reduce procoagulant levels, the use of plasma replacement therapy to increase protein C levels prior to cardiopulmonary bypass, and the careful reinstatement of anticoagulation therapy once postoperative bleeding is controlled, are preliminary suggestions to decrease the risk of thrombotic events in this unusual patient population.


Battery-powered mobile devices are becoming increasingly important computing platforms, which require low energy consumption while meeting the resource demands of a dynamic application workload. Most proposed dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithms, targeting either best-effort or hard real-time systems, however, cannot be directly applied to such open mobile systems. This paper presents a framework to integrate DVS into soft real-time (SRT) scheduling for open mobile systems, achieving energy saving of DVS while preserving resource guarantees of SRT scheduling. The integrated framework makes three major contributions. First, multimedia applications reserve resource based on their average resource usage, without the knowledge of worst-case execution time, which is difficult to estimate in an open mobile environment. Second, the SRT scheduling ensures the correctness of reservation admission and enforcement in a variable speed context. Finally, the DVS manager reduces the processor energy consumption by utilizing the unallocated resource, reclaiming the allocated but unused resource, or avoiding the unused resource. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that our framework is able to save 4% to 32% energy while slightly affecting application performance.


A novel and efficient approach to sulfonamides has been developed. Using TBHP as the oxidant and NH4I (20 mol%) as the catalyst, arylsulfonyl hydrazides reacted with amines to provide sulfonamides in moderate to good yields. Possible reaction pathway for the formation of the products was also discussed in this paper.


Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences as follows: Semiconductor based pixel-less Dynamic Infrared Scene Projector (DISP) successful in generating of high-speed (microseconds range) broad band (3-16 microns) IR scenery is to be developed both theoretically and experimentally. For this purpose non-equilibrium thermal emission of semiconductors in the spectral range beyond the fundamental absorption region provoked by the band-to-band photogeneration of excess carriers (visible pumping) will be utilized for the first time (visible-to-infrared conversion). Such performance capabilities as maximum simulated temperature, noise equivalent temperature difference, dynamic range, spatial resolution of converted images and rise-fall time will be estimated and measured. The device prototype made of Ge will be tested in the Ukraine and USA. By the end of the work a Ukrainian patent will be requested, scientific paper will be submitted to the international journal and results reported at the international conference.


Objective To detect the influence factors on the prognosis of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HCH) in short term.Methods 366 patients diagnosed as HCH were observed and retrospectively analyzed.According to clinical prognosis,they were divided into good(including recovery and improvement) and bad(including no change,deterioration and death) groups.The comparative analysis of the influence factors was done between the two groups.Logistic regression was used to screen the independent influence factors on the prognosis of patients with HCH.Results The factors of gender,the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood,platelets,history of diabetes,systolic and diastolic pressures,mass effect,regions of hemorrhage and pulmonary infection were not correlated with prognosis(all P 0.05).Other factors,such as disturbance of consciousness,D-dimer,cerebral hernia,rupture of intracerebral hematoma into the ventricle and age were highly related to prognosis(all P0.05).Conclusions To maintain normal blood pressure is an important part of prevention of HCH,the active prevention and treatment of complications are of great significance in improving the prognosis of patients with HCH.


Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase(GGPPS) is a key enzyme in the taxol biosynthesis.Fragment of GGPPS gene was obtained from Taxus cuspidata by RT-PCR,and it was cloned in pMD20-T vector,then it was transformed into E.coli DH5α.A 371 bp fragment of GGPPS gene was obtained by sequencing after screening the positive clones by PCR.Its sequence had 99% similarity with GGPPS embodied in GenBank.The study laid solid foundation for cloning of genes related to taxol biosynthesis and construction of engineering strains with high yield of taxol by genetic techniques.


Objective: To extract total flavone from portulaca and determine its content. Method: Extraction with microwave and determination with colorimetry. Result: The content of total flavone was 5.790%, callback rate was 97.6%, RSD was 1.43%(n=6). Conclusion: It was first time to extract total flavone from portulaca. This method improved extraction efficiency.


Purpose: In this paper issues and challenges of the workforce policy for nursing were explored and appropriate policy responses identified. Results: Many countries, including South Korea, are facing a shortage of nurses. In South Korea, the number of practicing registered nurses is about half the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries. The shortage of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications but also includes complex issues, such as lack of well-educated nurses, shortage of nurses willing to work, and geographical imbalances of nurses. The present nurse workforce policies are to increase number of nursing schools, to reduce the length of training, and to replace nurses with nursing assistants. However, the findings of many studies have shown that these attempts resulted in a worsening of patient outcomes and increasingly low quality of care. Conclusion: The findings in this study indicate that nurse workforce policy should have a multi-faceted approach in order to address the many factors affecting nurse shortages.


The purpose of the article is to describe the changes NATO undergoing in response to the challenges of our time. Today NATO, as a key element of European and Euro-Atlantic security, is adapting to changes in the modern security environment by increasing its readiness and ability to respond to any threat.
Adaptation measures include the components required to ensure that the Alliance can fully address the security challenges it might face. Responsiveness NATO Response Force enhanced by developing force packages that are able to move rapidly and respond to potential challenges and threats. As part of it, was established a Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, a new Allied joint force that deploy within a few days to respond to challenges that arise, particularly at the periphery of NATO's territory. NATO emphasizes, that cyber defence is part of NATO's core task of collective defence. A decision as to when a cyber attack would lead to the invocation of Article 5 would be taken by the North Atlantic Council on a case-by-case basis.
Cooperation with NATO already contributes to the implementation of national security and defense in state policy. At the same time, taking into account that all decision-making in NATO based on consensus, Ukraine's membership in the Alliance quite vague perspective. In such circumstances, in Ukraine you often can hear the idea of announcement of a neutral status. It is worth reminding that non-aligned status did not save Ukraine from Russian aggression. Neutral status will not accomplish it either. All talks about neutrality and the impossibility of Ukraine joining NATO are nothing but manipulations, as well as recognition of the Ukrainian territory as Russian Federation area of influence (this country seeks to sabotage the Euro-Atlantic movement of Ukraine). Think about it, Moldova's Neutrality is enshrined in the country's Constitution since 1994. However, this did not help Moldova to restore its territorial integrity and to force Russia to withdraw its troops and armaments from Transnistria.


Three types of disperse dyes,low,mild and high temperature dyes,were selected to dye PLA fabrics.The K/S value,color fastness and strength were detected.The results indicated that PLA fabrics could be dyed at 85℃ by low and mild temperature dyes with the action of CWP-910.Comparing the low temperature dyeing(85℃)with the conventional dyeing(110℃) of PLA fabrics,the loss in strength could be reduced by more than 25% and the elongation at break could be increased.


This article engages with the relationship between Islamic authority, the materiality of the Qur'an and the commodification of the qur'anic text in Morocco. It situates this relationship within a broader context of changing text production, the liberalization of religious commodities, and the development of new information and communication technologies which, in turn, propagate multiple and heterogeneous means for Muslims to unify with the Word of God in a country where the monarch has been constitutionally defined as the commander of the believers. From the study of the creation in 2010 of a Moroccan edition of the Qur'an, which differs from others in its recitation method (wars), calligraphic style (maġribī) and the foliage compositions surrounding the text, this article aims to examine how aesthetic, political and religious norms inflect economic action, and vice versa. To this end, it considers Qur'an commodification, free market and Islamic authority as a set of concrete practices explored through the production of the book-object.


The invention discloses a parallel mechanism with three rotational degrees of freedom and one translational degree of freedom, which comprises a holder. A first driving branched chain seat, a second driving branched chain seat, a third driving branched chain seat and a fourth driving branched chain seat are evenly and rotatably connected into a central hole of the holder along the same circumferential direction at intervals through rotating shafts respectively, a hole is arranged in the middle of each driving branched chain seat, each driving branched chain can be matched with the inner wall of the corresponding driving branched chain seat in a slidably connected manner through a guide rail slider structure, a first moving platform and a second moving platform are arranged below the holder, the lower ends of the first driving branched chain and the third driving branched chain are respectively rotatably connected with the first moving platform through hinges, the lower ends of the second driving branched chain and the fourth driving branched chain are respectively rotatably connected with the second moving platform through hinges, and the first moving platform and the second moving platform are connected through a lead screw nut pair. The parallel mechanism has an advantageous feeding direction, and the moving platforms and moving branched chains are small in inertia and fine in dynamic performance.


Numerical solution for light scattering by highly refractive dielectric particles is examined with the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) technique. In the FDTD, the computational domain is truncated using the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (Sun et al. 1999). It is found that for dielectric particles with large refractive index, the FDTD simulation is sensitive to the treatment of particle edge. In this study, we have introduced an effective particle edge treatment to reduce the FDTD errors. Using this treatment for particles with large refractive index (e.g., 7.15 i + 2.92 i), the errors in the extinction and absorption efficiencies due to the FDTD technique are typically around ~2%. The error in the scattering phase function is generally smaller than ~5%. We conclude that the present PML FDTD scheme with the new edge treatment can produce accurate results for dielectric particles of arbitrary shapes with large complex refractive index. See Sun and Fu (1999) for more details.


The basic methodological positions of synergistic, systemic, institutional and evolutionary approaches to assessing of the institutional mechanism of entrepreneurship are determined in the article. The problems of its application are characterized. It has led to the complexity of the application of these approaches. The objective necessity of application the approach of combined several areas of research of the institutional mechanism and types of analyzes are justified. I t could characterize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the institutional mechanism for business development in Ukraine. Integration approach to the research of institutional mechanism of enterprise development necessitates the use of non-traditional scientific methodology of analysis. The essence of it is to use different types of tests for the diagnosis of complex enterprise development. Сonsidering the complicated nature of the institutional environment, we propose to apply multi-level system diagnostics for study the institutional mechanism of development of business: at the macro level – a study on the state level; at the mezo level – at the level of the region and sector; at the micro level – level of entities. The use of different types of analysis tools will determine the main institutional pitfalls of business environment at national, regional, sectoral and subjective levels.


ACCORDING to the view of Schonbein, every slow oxydation is accompanied by formation of ozone, common oxygen not being able to combine directly with the elements. In 1858 Clausius advanced the hypothesis that ozone is oxygen in the state of free atoms, while common oxygen consists of a molecule of two combined atoms. But the later investigations of Andrews and Toit, Babo and Soret upon the volume of ozone have not supported this notion, and Clausius has modified his hypothesis accordingly, now believing that ozone is a combination between an atom and a molecule of oxygen. This combination is but a loose one, and the power of oxydation resides in the third atom of oxygen, which combines directly with other substances, leaving common oxygen behind. This constitution of ozone may be represented by the following formula: 3([00J)=2([00JO) The oxydation of a metal by ozone is shown by the equation ([OO]O)+M=MB+([OOJ). When we now take into consideration that ozone and antozone together give common oxygen, we must conclude that antozone is oxygen in the state of free atoms. Furthermore we see that common oxygen can be converted according to circumstances either into ozone or antozone. It seemed to me that in every combustion even the most rapid and energetic, an intermediate decomposition of the molecule of common oxygen must take place if the single atoms will enter into combination with the elements, and that ozone or antozone would be detected in a flame if the high temperature would not destroy it again as quickly as it is formed. To prove this conclllsion, I blew a strong current of air through a tube into the flame of a Bunsen's burner' and collected the air in a beaker glass or balloon. I was thus able in a few seconds to collect enough ozone to readily identifY it by its intense odor and by the common tests. This observation shows that not only in slow oxydation but also in rapid combustion, an intermediate formation of ozone takes place, * and that it can be separated in the proper way.