Autism is a developmental disorder that impairs both nonverbal and verbal com- munication and reciprocal social interac- tions and is seen in association with an abnormally restricted range of interests. Although symptoms typically develop without clear etiological cause,some cases are associated with disorders or conditions that negatively impact brain development.Lead is a neurotoxin to which the developing brain is particular- ly vulnerable.Moreover,lead poisoning in children is known to negatively affect brain systems implicated in cognitive, communication,and social functioning. The present paper presents two case his- tories of children who,during periods of severe lead poisoning,developed autism or autistic symptoms.These cases under- score that there are multiple causes of autism and the importance of environ- mental influences in some cases.


High water marks left by water rich debris flows can be used to constrain the rheologic character of the flow. A simplified time‐dependent model based on the conservation of flow volume is used to illustrate the approach. An example from Madison County, Virginia is shown.


The background scattering of neutrons by iron-nickel alloys indicates short-range order in supposedly disordered specimens as far removed from the stoichiometric ratio for Ni/sub 3/Fe as 60Fe-40Ni, despite anneals at temperatures as high as 650 and 1000 deg C. A comparison of the nuclear and magnetic scattering distributions shows that the magnetic moments display a degree of ordering close similar to that of the chemical constituents, and this dem onstrates that within the accuracy of the measurements there must exist two magnetic moments in the crystal, on characteristic of an iron site and one of a nickel site. The values of these moments are determined at four alloy com positions, and are consistent with the earlier results of Shull and Wilkinson. (auth)


The validity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been tested on known‐age (historical) fluvial deposits along the rivers Danube (Austria) and Ebro (Spain). As partial bleaching of the OSL signal prior to deposition can interfere with correct age estimates, different approaches to extracting the dose accumulated during burial are compared. Using the finite mixture model gave OSL ages that are internally as well as stratigraphically consistent and in agreement with independent age control. According to these results, fluvial deposition at the Danube River study site can be attributed to different periods ranging from Bronze Age to the 18th century A.D. Fluvial deposits of Roman age and of the late 17th or early 18th century A.D. were found at the Ebro River study site. This is consistent with the morphological subdivision of the valleys and encourages further investigation of the fluvial and archaeological history of the study areas using OSL. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


AbstractPartial mining, including room-and-pillar mining and strip pillar mining, is a widely accepted method for mining coal because it can effectively control ground subsidence and reduce damage ...


The paper proposes a specific mechanism for the improvement of legal regulation on the identification of illicit trafficking of non-cash funds. On the basis of the current civil and criminal legislation the author revealed a number of issues of civil law and criminal law classification of offenses and crimes related to illegal banking activity. Conducted scientific analysis of such concepts as legal and illegal banking activities, listed wrongful acts of the subjects that characterize this institution.


Despite Mozambique's extraordinary economic growth after 1992 when the GDP growth rate soared from almost 0% in 1981-1992 to 7% in the period 2010-2015, food insecurity and malnutrition remain at high levels. One third of the population is affected by chronic food insecurity, while nearly half of children under 5 years old suffer from chronic malnutrition1. What is worrying is that this prevalence has remained almost stagnant in the past decade. Data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)2 estimated the chronic malnutrition prevalence at 43% against 48% in the 2003 DHS. The latest data available from SETSAN, 2013, confirm that this prevalence has not changed. The causes of malnutrition and food insecurity are multi-faceted and are related to the individual food and nutrient intake and health status, which in turn is determined by insufficient access to food, clean water, sanitation and health services, girl ́s education and gender issues and poverty. This makes clear, that addressing food insecurity and malnutrition requires integrated solutions.


Besides the growing interest in old concepts such as temperature and entropy at the nanoscale, theories of relaxation and transport have recently regained a lot of attention. With the electronic circuits and computer chips getting smaller and smaller, a fresh look on the equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics at small length scales far below the thermodynamic limit, i.e. on the theoretical understanding of original macroscopic processes, e.g. transport of energy, heat, charge, mass, magnetization, etc., should be appropriate. Only from the foundations of a theory its limits of applicability may be inferred. This review tries to give an overview on the background and recent developments in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics, focusing on the transport of heat in small quantum systems.


E. Pennisi's News Focus article "The blue revolution, drop by drop, gene by gene" (11 April, p. 171) on agricultural drought-tolerance work overlooked the possibility that the water deficit tolerance may be directed by metabolites. With the use of a gene that produced glutamate—an amino acid


In this era of information overload, to better provide personalized content services to users, recommendation systems have greatly improved the efficiency of information distribution. Graph Convolution Network(GCN), which is one of the representative works of graph structure aggregation processing, works by node convolution with the help of the Laplacian matrix of the graph and weighted combination of neighbor node information according to the outgoing and incoming degrees of neighbor nodes to obtain the representation of the current node. However, the mainstream GCN models nowadays do not take into account data augmentation of metadata and the fact that each node plays different roles with different importance and weights, thus making the recommendation performance limited. To better solve the above problems, we propose the IcaGCN model, which can perform data augmentation and calculate node weights in modules, and is a convenient plug-and-play method. Finally, extensive experimental results on four real-world datasets have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model. Especially on the Amazon-Book dataset, our IcaGCN has improved by 6.32%, 42.29%, and 12.38% in Recall@20, MRR@20, and NDCG@20, respectively, compared to other existing state-of-the-art models. We also provide source code and data to reproduce the experimental results available at https://github.com/PersonZ1223/IcaGCN.git


As part of a CRADA (Cooperative Research and Development Agreement) between Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and Thomas Jefferson Lab National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) we have fabricated and tested two 1.3 GHz 3.5 cell photo-injector cavities from polycrystalline RRR niobium and large grain RRR niobium, respectively. The cavity with the better performance will replace the presently used injector cavity in the ELBE linac. The cavities have been fabricated and pre-tuned at TJNAF, while the more sophisticated final field tuning, the adjustment of the external couplings and the field profile measurement of transverse electric modes for RF focusing was done at HZDR. The following standard surface treatment and the vertical test was carried out at TJNAF's production facilities. A major challenge turned out to be the rinsing of the cathode cell, which has small opening (O-slash10mm) to receive the cathode stalk. Another unexpected problem encountered after etching, since large visible defects appeared in the least accessible cathode cell. This contribution reports about our experiences, initial results and the on-going diagnostic work to understand and fix the problems.


Topics: Grice and meaning; Grice's 'theory of conversation'; critiques of Grice; the development of relevance theory; other approaches Overview Now that we've had a first look at relevance theory as a whole, this chapter fleshes out the picture by considering how it developed from the ground-breaking work of Paul Grice. Grice made arguably the most significant breakthrough so far in our understanding of how we infer contextual meanings and laid the foundations for most if not all recent work in pragmatics. His work inspired a number of others to develop their own approaches. Most significantly for this book, it was in exploring and critiquing Grice's work that Sperber and Wilson came up with the insights that led to the development of relevance theory. The chapter begins with an outline of Grice's work on natural and non-natural meaning before discussing Grice's 'Theory of Conversation' (the scare quotes reflect the fact that, as we will see, what Grice proposed was misnamed in at least two ways: first, it was not a fully-fledged theory; second, it was not only about conversation). In general, responses to Grice's ideas were very positive. At the same time a number of problems were identified. Particular issues include the vagueness (acknowledged by Grice when he first presented his ideas) about what exactly 'relevant' might mean and the sense that some of the ideas he suggested might be redundant (more than one of the components of his theory seem to be designed to do the same job). We consider how exploring these issues led Sperber and Wilson to define 'relevance' in a radically different way and to propose replacing Grice's account with something new. It is worth noting right away that some subsequent discussion has made the mistake of seeing relevance theory as an essentially Gricean approach in which the number of maxims has been reduced to one. This is incorrect. Relevance theory is broadly Gricean in assuming that general pragmatic principles guide interpretations and that the principles involved are broadly rational.


Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by microdeletions in 7q11.23. This study aims to characterize the clinical phenotypes of Chinese children with WS to help for the early diagnosis and intervention of this disease.


Theoretical models of microscale heat transfer and solving approaches are summarized.Microscale thermal responses of solid material are investigated with examples of short pulse laser heating of metal films ,including the analysis for thermal equilibrium time of metal film under short-pulsed laser heating,the wave characteristic of heat transfer in metals and the size effects.In addition,the effects of convective thermal losses on the thermal behavior of thin metal films are discussed.


Abstruct- A method to compensate dispersion-induced thirdorder intermodulation distortion (1M3c~) in subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) optical transmission systems is proposed. It is confirmed theoretically and experimentally that IM3co can be compensated by interference-induced third-order intermodulation distortion (IM~IN). Simple analytic expressions of 1M3c~ and IM~IN are derived from the same expression of optical electric field which includes exact phase term taking into account the phase of laser chirp. From the theoretical analyses, we clarified the conditions of IM3c~-compensation. IM~IN can be easily generated by an etalon which is a kind of interferometer and a optical glass plate. More than 30 dB of IM3c~-compensation was achieved, and IM3co-COmpenSation was achieved regardless of the transmission distance by adjusting tilt angle of the etalon. Using this method, high quality signal transmission can be realized even though the wavelength of laser diode (LD) is not coincident with the fiber zero dispersion wavelength.


BS>The expediency of utilizing potential models in the analysis of conditions and properties of equilibrium electron motion in an axial magnetic field is discussed. Potential curves, spiral trajectories, and parameters are found for unstable equilibrium orbits for variously accelerating axial fields. It is shown that the spiral trajectories can he achieved only near the symmetry plane of the axial field decelerating as R/sub O//r. (R.V.J.)


Since the advances in digital imaging technologies have led to development of high quality digital devices, there are a lot of illegal copies of copyrighted video content on the Internet. Also, unauthorized editing is occurred frequently. Thus, we propose an editing prevention technique for high-quality (HQ) video that can prevent these illegally edited copies from spreading out. The proposed technique is applied spatial and temporal gradient methods to improve the fidelity and detection performance. Also, the scheme duplicates the embedding signal temporally to alleviate the signal reduction caused by geometric and signal-processing distortions. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than previously proposed schemes and it has high fidelity. The proposed scheme can be used in unauthorized access prevention method of visual communication or traitor tracking applications which need fast detection process to prevent illegally edited video content from spreading out. Keywords—Editing prevention technique, gradient method, high-quality video, luminance change, visual communication.


Video camera module are one of the most important components in designing and implementing image/video processing systems. Such kind of systems are widely used all over the world for a long period of time. Due to using in surveillance and guard, they have to have very small size. The aim of this article are following: present method for designing working prototype of a system, that displays data, that is transmitted from digital video camera module; solve the problems and issue, that shows up during projection. In the first chapter explains the reasons of creating video camera data display unit. In the second chapter you can see the process of choosing components, needed for creating prototype, such as microcontroller (STM32F429ZI) and video camera module (OV7670). This module provides visual information, captioned and transmitted to user interface. There are few interesting challenges about choosing OV7670 settings, like frame format and RGB coding. They were questioned and chosen in order to create working and functional prototype. In chapter three are listed detailed theoretical information about features of chosen video camera module, such as purpose of every contact from module, bits placement for RGB coding, and why that is so important in project. In the fourth chapter described block diagram of device, which is projected. Principle of work of projecting system also is given here.  You can read there explaining the need for using such communication protocols as I2C, SPI and DCMI bus, that is used very often with video camera modules. Explained reasons of using DMA in the system and short instructions for configuring parameters of DMA. In chapter five described possibility of using different interfaces for transmitting output data to the user – such as Wi-Fi transmitting-receiving technology, based on TCP/IP protocol. It can help in improving projected system to an independent product, which can replicate full-fledged IP camera. Literary data analysis is carried out. It contains examples of similar systems and their detailed descriptions. Some of these details were used in creating both article and prototype. In conclusion, this article shows opportunities for hardware realization of video camera data display unit, based on OV7670 module and STM32F429ZI microcontroller. The features of connecting the video camera module, its synchronization and data transmission via the DCMI bus are considered. The parameters for data transmission, using DMA mode are defined. To visualize the video in the device prototype, was suggested LCD display, connected via the SPI bus. For full designed IP camera, it is necessary to add transceivers (like Wi-Fi) to the hardware and develop software to support the TCP / IP protocol, needed for embedded Web-server realization. Designed hardware and software of video camera data display unit gives a clear representation of all main steps, needed to implement this system.


In a recent experiment performed at Triumf using the Dragon 0° spectrometer and its associated BGO array, the complete γ-decay of the radiative capture channel below the Coulomb barrier has been measured for the first time. This measurement has been performed at two energies Ec.m. = 6.6 and 7.2 MeV. A selective contribution of the entrance spins 2+ and 3− has been evidenced which is consistent with existing results above the barrier.


BROADLY speaking, machined parts as a class are far too expensive for the services they render, when compared with the cost of comparable plate fittings. Consequently, most firms cut down their number to an abolute minimum, sometimes even making up from plate parts which are generally considered more suited for the machine shop.


The article pursues three objectives. On the one hand, it sheds light on the close relation between the comic and death, and, on the other, it situates the link between humor and the super-ego in order to explore a possible effect of the "humorist" label. On this basis, it finally suggests a hypothesis regarding the end of analysis in terms of the notion of "identification with the symptom".


Tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films, as a candidate for realizing next-generation power and optical devices, were grown on 2-inch diameter m-plane sapphire substrates by mist chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure. The SnO2 thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) in θ-2θ and ø scanning modes, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Although the SEM images showed the rough surface morphology, it was found from the XRD and EBSD measurements that SnO2 films were epitaxially grown on the substrates under optimised growth condition. The XRD and EBSD results confirm epitaxial SnO2 thin film growth at three typical areas on the substrate. It is likely that the single crystalline SnO2 (001) thin film was formed across the 2-inch sapphire substrate.


The elastic hadron-hadron scattering at high energies is one of the most fundamental subjects of all particle physics problems and yet is least understood in spite of many advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at the conceptual level. We review here the recent theoretical and experimental status of the subject as well as the rigorous results of the high energy hadron-hadron scattering. Surprisingly enough, the high-energy models for the elastic and diffractive scattering abstracted from the Regge-Pomeron field theory is still phenomenologically successful to explain the high-energy scattering data though no rigorous derivation out of the QCD is yet available. Presented at the 6th Summer School & Symposium on Nuclear Physics, 20-25 August 1993 (Moojoo, Korea), and supported in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-FG02-91ER40688-Task A and also in part by the Brown-SNUCTP Exchange Program. Permanent Address


BACKGROUND
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most common causes of death from cardiovascular disease. Although deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the leading cause of PE, its prognostic role is unclear. This study investigated the incidence and prognostic value of DVT in predicting in-hospital mortality (IHM) in patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) for PE.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the ED of a third-level university hospital. Patients over 18 years admitted for PE between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022 were included.

RESULTS
Five hundred and thirty patients (mean age 73.13 years, 6% IHM) were included. 69.1% of cases had DVT (36.4% unilateral femoral vein, 3.6% bilateral, 39.1% unilateral popliteal vein, 2.8% bilateral, 45.7% distal vein thrombosis and 7.4% iliocaval involvement). Patients who died in hospital had a higher Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) (138.6 vs. 99.65, p < 0.001), European Society of Cardiology risk class (15.6% vs. 1%, intermediate-high in 50% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001) and more DVT involving the iliac-caval vein axis (18.8% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.011). PESI class >II, right ventricular dysfunction, increased blood markers of myocardial damage and involvement of the iliocaval venous axis were independent predictors of IHM on multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Although further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic role of DVT at PE, involvement of the iliocaval venous axis should considered to be a sign of a higher risk of IHM and may be a key factor in prognostic stratification.


The endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard ( Tiliqua adelaidensis ) is found only in a few remaining patches of South Australian native grassland, most of which are used for live stock grazing. The lizards occupy spider burrows, they mate in October-November and females produce litters of one to four live born neonates in mid-January-mid-March. In this study we use ultrasound scans of females and observations of neonates in their maternal burrows to investigate how grazing affects the fecundity of the pygmy bluetongue lizard. We predicted that lizards in moderately grazed paddocks would have a higher reproductive output than lizards in hard grazed paddocks. Ultrasound scans indicated that this hypothesis was correct by showing a higher mean number of yolk sacs in females from moderately than from hard grazed paddocks. Females from moderately grazed paddocks also gave birth significantly earlier than females in hard grazed paddocks. The higher number of yolk sacs did not result in a significantly higher number of neonates observed in the burrows, which indicates that the weekly burrow observations used in this study may underestimate true fecundity. Understanding how grazing affects the fecundity of the pygmy bluetongue lizard is essential to the future management of this endangered species. This is not only because grazing is used to manage the habitat of all currently known lizard populations, but also because successful reproduction will be needed in those populations to supply the "surplus" individuals predicted to be essential for relocation programs to ensure the survival of the species.


Criteria for recognition of the work-related accident is the best part of industrial accident compensation insurance. In Korea industrial accident compensation insurance has all the two characteristics both as liability insurance which presupposes the aspect of indemnification for loss and as social insurance programs. Now, industrial accident compensation insurance in Korea externally has the position of the social insurance and plays a role as the social insurance, having gradually had the nature of the social security. Amending Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in 2007, there was an intent not only to secure finance wholesomely but also to have the nature of the social security. In addition, criteria for recognition of the work-related accident was formerly in enforcement regulations of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act but it is normally in law and enforcement ordinances of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act now. The criteria for recognition of the work-related accident has been credited a lot with being more strict than it used to be, amending Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act. In the face of these facts, this paper covers changes by comparing current criteria for recognition of the work-related accident with that of the past. The results of this study confirm the fact that the criteria is more rigorous than before for related regulations and notification. A further important consideration, however, is that the amendment doesn"t do much for Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act. This paper also considers a problem from legislative, systematic and descriptive viewpoints. As a result, this paper verifies the points that the amendment is deficient in clearness legislatively and descriptively, not disproportionate to legislative and systematic standpoint and against the direction of the progress from a legislative and policy perspective.


This study presents a relative permeability‐saturation (kr‐S) constitutive model that incorporates the critical phenomena necessary for simulating the rates of nonwetting fluid infiltration, redistribution, and immobilization in a saturated porous medium. To develop a model validation data set, the migration of a dense, nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) pool within a one‐dimensional, 1 m tall, saturated sandpack was monitored under alternating drainage and imbibition conditions. A light transmission/image analysis system, able to distinguish between connected‐phase and residual nonwetting phase (NWP) in the apparatus, measured the elevation of the top of the connected‐phase DNAPL pool as a function of time. Light transmission calibration curves, correlating fluid saturation to transmitted color at the macroscopic scale, were found to exhibit a functional dependence on saturation history that must be taken into account. Applying the calibration curves to captured images of the experiment provided a continuous sequence of fluid saturation profiles. Numerical simulations of the bench‐scale experiment, using model parameters measured independently at the macroscopic scale, predict within measurement uncertainty the observed timescales of DNAPL migration and immobilization. Additional simulations reveal that model validation for imbibition processes depends on properly accounting for NWP kr‐S hysteresis, including imbibition function curvature and the abrupt extinction of NWP relative permeability.


Abstract Statistical process control plays a significant role in manufacturing industries as processes become more advanced and manufactured products more complex. Because of the increasing sensitivity of the processes and the inadequacy of the methods based on human inspection, use of product images in statistical process control has been considered by some researchers. In this paper, a regression-based method is developed to monitor image data under two-scale analysis. In the first scale, wavelet transformation is used to extract the main features of geometric profile created from the images. The next scale is to monitor the small-scale components which could be expressed by correlation in error terms. To monitor correlation in error terms, a parametric method is developed. Parameters of the parametric model including spatial correlation coefficient and error term variance are estimated using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimators, respectively. After extracting features for both scales, some appropriate test statistics are computed. Then, monitoring the process is performed by plotting these test statistics on corresponding control charts. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of run length measures and the difference between the actual value and the estimated value of change-points. Simulation studies are performed on tile images, and the results show the capability of the proposed method in detecting out-of-control conditions and estimating the change-point. The results also indicate the proper performance of the proposed method in monitoring industrial processes to detect out-of-control conditions and identifying the source of variability.


The 2-D and 3-D neutronics models for 10 MW nuclear research reactor of MTR type have been developed and presented in this paper. Our results agree very well with the results of seven countries mentioned in the IAEA-TECDOC-233. To study the effect of reflector types on the reactor effective multiplication factor, five types of reflectors such as pure beryllium, beryllium, heavy water, carbon and water are selected for this study. The pure beryllium is found to be the most efficient reflector in this group. The effect of the most important impurities, which exist on the beryllium reflector such as iron, silicon and aluminium on the reactor multiplication factor, have been analyzed as well. It is found that the iron impurity affects the reactor multiplication factor the most compared to silicon and aluminium impurities.


A bacterial disease was found on summer squash basal stems in protected vegetable fields of 12 counties in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2006. One hundred and thirty-five strains were isolated from 55 diseased plants. The pathogenicities of some strains showed that all these strains could cause the same symptoms as in the open field. The pathogen was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp, carotovora based on the morphology, dyeing reaction, culture characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests.


Clinical laboratory microbiology is an importantly professional course for the students in laboratory medicine.Through a series of teaching reform of clinical laboratory microbiology including the reform of course content,teaching methods and exam ways,we promoted students' enthusiasm and initiative on learning,enhanced their ability of comprehensive analysis and operation,and all of these improved the quality of undergraduates and the professional level of clinical microbiology laboratory.


: This study aims to get the understanding impact of implementation of Student Centered Learning (SCL) towards soft skills development. Student-centered learning is represented with attributes namely student's classroom presentation, paperwork assignment, case problem solving and group assignment. Meanwhile, oral communication skill, written communication skill, critical thinking capability and teamwork capability are attributes representing soft skills. Exploratory research design along with descriptive analysis approach was applied in this study. The data was generated using questionary instruments. Purposive sampling method was adopted, and the student of accounting undergraduate and accounting postgraduate program are the sample. The sample from both private and state university was involved in this study. The results indicated that student-centered learning refers to student classroom presentation, paperwork assignment, case problem solving and group assignment had a positive impact on soft skills development respectively regarding oral communication skill, written communication skill, critical thinking capability and teamwork capability.


The reaction of 2-substituted cycloalkanones with cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate (CS) in alcohols and acetic acid gave the corresponding alkyl esters of oxo acids (80—96%) and oxo acids (78—96%), respectively, by oxidative cleavage of the C(R)–C=O bond. In the case of 2-iodocycloalkanones in methanol, the dimethyl ester was obtained in good yield. A treatment of 5α-cholestan-3-one with CS in methanol produced 2-acetal 3-ester of 2,3-seco derivative in good yield. The effects of cerium(IV) and copper(II) salts are also discussed.


The sensory environment of the vehicle is an area where customer expectations have greatly increased in recent years. For example, sound quality has become a very important factor in determining customer perception of vehicle quality and value. In this paper, a method for evaluating sound quality is presented and used in an engine design application. As part of the design of a future midsize vehicle, 14 engine component modifications were being considered as ways to improve sound quality. A subjective evaluation was carried out to determine if these modifications had any effect on perceived sound quality and, if so, which modifications provided the greatest sound quality benefit. A paired comparison method was used in which subjects judged, first, similarity and, then, preference. The similarity results showed that the vehicle sounds were indeed perceived quite differently. Additional analysis, using multidimensional scaling, revealed that most of these differences could be attributed to just three of the modifications (lightweight valvetrain, crankshaft counterweight, and accessory drive). The preference results confirmed that these three components also governed the valuative judgements. As a result of this study, these modified components were included in the final vehicle design. More generally, the subjective evaluation and analysis procedure described here offers a means for bringing human factors into the design of automotive acoustic environments.


Section A: Quantum Chemical Foundation. Theoretical foundation of quantum molecular similarity R. Carbo, E. Besalu. Molecular similarity and momentum space D.L. Cooper, N.L. Allan. Molecular similarity measures for assessing reactivity P.G. Mezey. Electron density approximations for the rapid evaluation of quantum molecular similarity measures J. Mestres, M. Sola, E. Besalu, M. Duran, R. Carbo. Section B: Computational Methods. General suggestions and applications of quantum molecular similarity measures from ab initio fitted electron densities J. Mestres, M. Sola, M. Duran, R. Carbo. Quantitative measurement of molecular similarity using shape descriptors R.P. Bywater. PROTEP: a program for graph-theoretical similarity searching of the 3-D structures in the proterin data bank P.J. Artymiuk, H.M. Grindley, A.B. MacKenzie, D.W. Rice, E.C. Ujah, P. Willett. 3-D Molecular similarity modelling in computational drug design D.C. Rohrer. Application of adaptative mixture of local neural networks in chemistry. Prediction and classification of resonance and inductive effects of substituents V. Kvasnicka. Section C: Phenomenological Approaches. Similarity and analogy in chemistry D. Rouvray. Graph theoretical approach to structural changes in chemistry J.-E. Dubois, G. Sicouri. Detection of the largest patterns common to a set of molecules, using 2D graphs and 3D skeletons D.M. Bayada, A.P. Johnson. A proposal towards the identification of substructure electronic similarity B. Leoni, G. Sello. Study of the root mean square deviations of bond lengths, bond angles and torsional angles as a measure of molecular similarities N.J. Smeyers, Y.G. Smeyers.Molecular similarity and LFER R. Ponec. Evaluation of molecular similarity using topological fragment spectra Y. Takahashi, Y. Ishiyama. Index.


Geographical peculiarities, such as altitude, latitude, climate or geological formation apparently have no influence on the incidence of adult myxedema. Indeed, Falta states that typical myxedema seems to be relatively rare in districts where goiter is endemic, and Dock mentions its infrequency in Derbyshire, the traditional home of goiter in England. Several American writers have stressed the fact that the disease is almost invariably incorrectly diagnosed and the patient passes through the hands of several consultants before myxedema is recognized. The experience of Anders, Plummer and the writers substantiate this. Moffitt many years ago collected 83 cases in California; many are never reported and many more are never recognized. The disease is probably scattered fairly evenly throughout the world, and impressions of preponderance in certain localities are apt to originate from the fact that a few physicians in these regions have been sufficiently alert to have collected many cases and placed them on r...


The proliferation of Internet like applications in mobile devices has led to a significant increased amount of energy consumption resulting in frequent recharging cycles of the smartphones. Recent studies reveal that users may want to access the same popular video content multiple times which can be energy inefficient if it is always streamed to the users. To this end, we study different policies in terms of whether or not content should be stored in the device by taking into account the probability of re-using the content, the energy consumption of DRAM (if it is to be stored) and the energy consumption to stream the content again by taking also into account mobility information. The results reveal that a combined scheme based on probabilistic analysis is essential for increasing the lifetime of digital devices, especially for the long-term energy efficiency on the wireless downlink transmission.


The escalation of NK's nuclear and missile capabilities has been caused home to us the urgency and necessity of building a nuclear protection system in the national level. The realistic necessity, importance, and justification for the establishment of the nuclear protection system to ensure the lives and safety of the people and to minimize damage are increasing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to establish a national nuclear protection system against the growing threats of NK's nuclear weapons. This study THIRA technique in FEMA of the U.S. and a likely nuclear damage scenario, and TC, TCL and each TCL Level has proposed reasonable measures to ensure survival and minimize damage. It also proposes ways to overcome limited resources and to use the developed military capability, thereby making it possible to save and focus resources. This is to decide on the priorities and direction at which they will be presented in the future national level.


Today, a paradigm in the manufacturing industry has been shifted from mass production to small and custom production. To adapt to today's industrial expectations, this paper presents position-based visual servoing of multiple robotic manipulators. The presented visual servoing consists of two modules: task planning and motion planning. The task planning module manipulates each robotic arm not to collide with each other by distributing a task to them in a systematic manner. The motion planning module employs the MoveIt framework to solve inverse kinematics for each robotic arm so that it moves each end-effector's pose to the desired pose to complete the task. In addition, the module controls a robotic hand to grasp or release a target object. The presented visual servoing has been tested and verified in the Gazebo simulator.


Phoretic deutonymphs of Winterschmidtia wichmanni (Türk and Türk, 1957) (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) are redescribed based on specimens collected from Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Austria. While phoretic deutonymphs of W. wichmanni are similar to those of W. nataliae (Zachvatkin, 1941), they diffr in the size of the idiosoma, the microsculpture of the dorsal idiosoma, the length of solenidia ω1 and ω2 on tarsus I, the size of the attachment organ and the absence of sclerotized structures laterad to the attachment organ.


I WISH TO THANK NEIL ALTMAN WARMLY FOR THE PAPER HE HAS presented at this conference, and tell him that, as I read it, I sensed his great generosity. Indeed, he has provided plenty of material for us to work with, though in my discussion I will be able to address only a few points. I shall focus my discussion on the adolescent–parent relationship, which is also the central topic of his contribution. This text summarizes the main points of my discussion of his fine paper. In his reflections on the relationship between parents and adolescents, Altman suggests (and I completely agree with him) that such a relationship must be contextualized. According to his point of view, adolescence, and indeed each individual adolescent, can be understood only if we analyze the specific intersubjective and cultural contexts. Adolescence is a process that depends on the cultural context; it is first and foremost a fluent and protean developmental process that challenges any attempt on our part to categorize it. By underscoring the difference in how adults and their adolescent children see and live in the world, Altman helps us to understand what I consider to be the most important contribution that psychotherapy with adolescents can give to psychotherapy in general: It is not possible to comprehend phenomena that arise within the intersubjective field of the therapeutic relationship without resorting to the process that Altman reminds us of and that Gadamer defined as a "fusion of horizons." We would run the risk of trivializing his interesting contribution if we were to force it to fit into a rudimentary model of history characterized by a pendular movement: After Western culture reached its authoritarian pole,


The strategy of economic growth based on knowledge, advances in information and communication environment, the development of the global labor market requires that the education system covering all of the wider population. It is a mass-oriented education, new educational technologies that allow for learning at a distance, the socalled distance learning and a new concept – an open education. The main advantage of open education are: freedom of choice, improving the quality of education. Among the main reasons hindering the development of distance learning technologies, as a rule, produce economic, technical and institutional factors. Signifi cant problems also arise at the level of the educational process: staffi ng, motivation of students. The development of open education in Russia requires an institutional framework for the functioning of mass education, infrastructure, the computerization of education, the creation of open educational institutions at the federal level.


∆, DipDH, BDSc(DH), MSc(Dent Sc), RDH; Xiaoli Yu*, MSc; David MacDonald § , BDS, BSc(Hons.), LLB(Hons.), MSc, DDS(Edin.), DDRRCR, FDSRCPS, FRCD(C). Abstr ACt Background: Daily oral biofilm disruption by clients is recommended by oral health professionals to prevent oral diseases and to maintain optimal oral and overall health. Since periodontal diseases and caries are prevalent interproximally, the adjunctive use of interdental aids is highly recommended. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of interdental brushing as an adjunct to toothbrushing for the primary outcome of interproximal gingival bleeding and a secondary outcome of interproximal plaque. Methods: Only randomized controlled trials were included. Studies were included irrespective of publication status and language. Hand searching was conducted in two peer reviewed journals, with references mined. Pharmaceutical companies that develop and manufacture interdental brushes were also contacted for unpublished or ongoing clinical trials. Sixty-two studies were retrieved from the literature with seven studies meeting the inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Forest plots and Chi-square tests were used to determine the presence of heterogeneity. Random effects model, relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were used in the analysis. Results: Four studies were included in the meta analysis for bleeding outcome. Although some heterogeneity was present among the studies, the interdental brush groups demonstrated statistical significance for reducing interproximal bleeding compared to the dental floss groups, p = 0.003. Plaque outcomes were analyzed using seven studies, with interdental brush demonstrating statistically significant differences to dental floss, p = 0.024. Conclusion: Interdental brush is an effective alternative to dental floss for reducing interproximal bleeding and plaque in clients with filled or open embrasures.


Graph coloring is an old idea, bringing to mind such celebrated results as the four-color theorem and NP-hardness of the chromatic number of a graph, but not, for most people, the efficient approximation of derivatives. Yet during recent years graph coloring has emerged as a highly effective tool for approximating derivatives, whether Jacobians (matrices of first derivatives of a vector-valued function) or Hessians (matrices of second derivatives of a scalar-valued function). The main issue is how best to exploit the sparsity and symmetry in these matrices to compute them with the least work. Remarkably, the techniques for exploiting sparsity are essentially the same whether the derivatives are approximated by the very old technique of finite differences or computed exactly by the comparatively recent method of automatic differentiation. In both cases, the columns or rows (or both) of a derivative matrix must be partitioned into a small number of groups in order to reduce the number of function evaluations required. It is in formulating, analyzing, and designing algorithms for such problems that graph coloring has proved to be a powerful tool. Indeed, modern software for computing large, sparse Jacobians and Hessians relies on graph coloring algorithms to make the computations feasible.
In "What Color Is Your Jacobian?~Graph Coloring for Computing Derivatives," Gebremedhin, Manne, and Pothen give a comprehensive survey of the work in this area during the past 25 years, presenting a unifying framework, several new algorithms, substantial computational results, and a survey of relevant theoretical results.


programming is basic skills in computer science, this paper analyzes "Windows Application Design based on C#"course teaching process problems, discusses the methods and approaches. to improve teaching effectiveness from teaching methods,evaluation system, etc.


1,2-Dialkyl-3-arylazo quinolinium chloride 1 having N-methylene group activated by the insertion of arylazo site react with phosphorus trichloride to give N-(dichloro phosphinomethylene) quinolinium ylide 2 . The site of the reaction is determined by the relative activation of 1- and 2-methylene groups, in the absence of sufficient activation of N-methylene group, reactions occur at the 2-methylene group to give dichloro phosphinylated anhydrobases 5 and 11.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to modify cerium dioxide with fumaric acid (CeO2-f) to improve its compatibility and dispersibility in epoxy resin and to investigate the effect of the content on the coating performance.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate whether CeO2-f reacts with epoxy resin by ring opening, CeO2-f and epoxy resin-treated CeO2-f (Ce CeO2-f/EP) were analyzed by infrared radiation (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis). To reveal the effect of different content on coatings properties, neutral salt spray test (NSST) and electrochemical test were performed.

Findings
The results of IR, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis indicated that fumaric acid attached to the CeO2 surface by chemical bonding and underwent a ring-opening reaction with epoxy resin, thus, improving the compatibility of CeO2 in epoxy resin. NSST and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the coatings containing 5% CeO2-f exhibited the optimal corrosion resistance. The reason is that a dense conversion film was established on the substrate surface.

Originality/value
The epoxy coatings using CeO2-f as fillers with synergistic inhibition ability are promising for the protection of carbon steel.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | Although, despite our best efforts, we have failed to improve forecasts over the last 10 years, things would have been worse had we not done anything about them. With the advancements in technology, increased collaboration both within and outside the organization, and improvement in modeling algorithms, forecasts will get better in the future. Among all the industries in the United States, the industry that made a tangible improvement is Industrial Products. Forecasting plays a very important role in decision making. Every plan, whether it is of Sales, Marketing, Finance, and/or Production, is based on some estimates of the future.The more accurate the forecasts, the better will be the plan. Although it is difficult to determine precisely how much value better forecasts add, we can reasonably estimate their contribution to a production plan. COSTOFANERROR Error is an error whether it is of under- or over-forecasting. Most of the forecasts made in business are operational, which are used in production planning. If we overforecast, we pay for markdowns to dispose of excess inventory; obsolescence to get rid of outdated products; transshipment to move products from one warehouse to another in search for a market; warehouse usage for holding unwanted inventory; and interest on investment for excess inventory. If we under-forecast, we lose sales of products that are short in supply, as well as of their companion products. Our production cost goes up because of switch-overs. The expediting cost also goes up. All these costs can be estimated. Table 1 shows how much money four companies would have saved if they had reduced their error by just 1-percentage point. The saving runs from $0.4 million to $7.6 million resulting from underforecasting, and from $0.4 million to $9.4 million resulting from overforecasting. Therefore, it is important to improve forecasts because they will not only reduce costs and improve profit margins, but also provide a competitiveedgein highly competitive markets. COUNTERVAILING FORCES Over the last two decades or so, a number of developments have taken place; some helped to improve our forecasts, and others made them worse. The advancements in computer technology have not only improved our computing power but have also enabled us to use even the most sophisticated algorithms, which previously were not possible. The development of enterprise-data-warehouse technology has enabled us to not only store all the data at one place but has also improved access. The process plays an important role in forecasting, which has progressed from Silo Forecasting (SF) to Consensus Forecasting (CF) to Sales & Operations Planning (SO instead, it is now considered to be an important tool for planning. All these factors have helped to improve forecasts. At the same time, a number of other developments have taken place, which has made forecasting more difficult. Forecasting is now demand driven, not supply driven; consumers are less loyal and more demanding; the number of products have exploded; the number of channels of distribution have proliferated; the life cycle of products have shortened; and competition has become more intense. The net effecton forecasts has to be the result of these two countervailing forces. To determine whether or not we have made any progress, we analyzed the survey data of forecast errors, collected over last 10 years (20002009). The surveys were conducted by the Institute of Business Forecasting and Planning (IBF) at their forecasting conferences and tutorials, and the errors surveyed were Mean Absolute Percent Errors (MAPE). …


This book provides reliable information about the fundamentals of a subject that many of our students need to learn. Both theoretical and practical aspects of the subject are treated with economy, clarity, and authority. In a fast-moving field like light microscopic imaging of biological material, even established professionals may find this book both a helpful refresher on things they have long known and a useful introduction to new twists on an old trade.


Abstract The Rarely Missed Index (RMI; Killgore & DellaPietra, 2000) is a method of detecting malingering based on six items from the Logical Memory Delayed Recognition (LMDR) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition which are unlikely to be answered incor-rectly. The RMI was evaluated in 99 consecutive mild head injury litigant referrals in which the base rate for Probable Malingering was 28%. The findings provided support for the general rationale of the RMI and some of its items. The Non-Malingering group was significantly more likely than Probable Malingerers to provide the correct answer on 8 of the 30 LMDR items, five of which are included in the RMI. Four items (i.e., 6, 13, 21, and 29) were rarely or never incorrect in the Non-Malingering groups. Around 75% of subjects were correctly classified in terms of malingering status with the RMI, which is considerably lower than in the original study. The rate of false positives was 25%. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.


A discharge luminescence element array comprising a pair of parallel insulating plates and a separator entirely sealed between the pair of insulating plates in which a groove-like gas flow path is provided between one of the plates and the separator for evacuating and providing gas from and to discharge spaces defined by the separator and the pair of insulating plates.


Abstract. A bandpass microwave photonic filter based on an integrated optical signal processor is proposed and demonstrated by numerical simulation. The optical signal processor consisting of double-bus-coupled and series-cascaded silicon microrings (MRs) is used to produce two bandpass responses to process optical carrier signal and sideband signal separately. Because of the tunability of MRs, variable −3  dB bandwidth and tunable operating frequency are achieved. The −3  dB bandwidth and operating frequency can be tuned from 1.5 to 12 GHz and from 15 to 34 GHz, respectively. The loss impact, tuning method, and fabrication error tolerance are also discussed.


Purpose: Breast cancer now mainly received forward intensity modulation radiotherapy (f-IMRT) and inverse IMRT (i-IMRT). The purpose of this study was to observe the differences of two treatment methods. Methods: 10 patients after left breast-conserving surgery were selected to receive radiotherapy. For each patient, two treatment plans (f-IMRT and i-IMRT) were designed. For f-IMRT plans, two tangent beams were designed to the target, and in each tangent orientation two or three segment beams were designed to reduced high dose region in the target and the dose of lung received. For i-IMRT plans, two tangent beams were designed to the target and the treatment planning system optimize the dose according to the optimization parameters. For each plan 50Gy was prescribed. Results: In f-IMRT and i-IMRT plans, the average target conformal index (CI) were (0.67±0.06) and (0.66±0.06), (P>0.05); average homogeneity index (HI) were (28.2±6.0)% and (26.1±6.8)%, (P>0.05); volume of left lung received 20Gy (V20) were (18.7±3.3)% and (17.0±2.8)%, (P 0.05); Monitor Unit (MU) were (262±5)MU and (308±14)MU. Conclusion: Compared with i-IMRT plan, for breast cancer, the differences of CI and HI were not significant. Because of fewer MU, f-IMRT plan could reduce the machine abrasion and treatment time, but dose of normal tissue received were higher significantly than i-IMRT plan.


A peel test is one of the methods used to determine the strength of adhesive bonds. The most common tests include peeling tests at 90o and 180o. This paper is focused on the development of the T-Peel test of adhesive bonds under the angle of 180o, where structural steel S235J0 was used as an adherent. In the experiments 6 kinds of adhesives were used that were tested in 6 different widths of overlapping areas on the test specimens (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 mm). The results show the influence of the length of the overlap of the adhesive bond on the final bond strength, as well as the numerical results and graphs show high strength in the initial interface of the adherent and the adhesive, which requires high stress at the beginning to fail the specimen.


China has sought to find cohesion with Iran despite the presence of the factor of influence in the international environment, which is the United States of America, through the availability of common issues, especially after 2017, that is, after Donald Trump came to power and the realization by both countries of the escalating danger of the United States of America towards its interests Focused on political, economic and security relations in order to achieve cooperation and partnership, and secondly to reduce the American influence on the factor of relations between the two countries


Abstract Extant literature on prison misconduct focuses primarily on male inmates or pooled samples of male and female inmates. Moreover, this research typically combines several types of misconduct into one global measure. To add to the literature, the current study gathered self-report data from over 300 female inmates to explore the impact of variables from three different theoretical perspectives upon four types of misconduct (i.e., physical assaults, nonviolent sexual activity, drug/alcohol, and property). Results show that importation and social control variables predict all types of misconduct, whereas deprivation variables provided some modest support for sexual misconduct and property misconduct.


The infrared absorption spectrum of diimide (N2H2) in the 3.2 μm region has been reexamined at higher resolution than previously, and that of dideuterodiimide (N2D2) at 4.3 μm has been recorded for the first time. The ν5 fundamental (A- and B-type hybrid band) for both isotopic molecules has been analyzed, and a complete set of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground and ν5 = 1 states have been determined. The rotational constants of the ground states are (cm−1) and the following geometrical parameters were obtained for the planar trans-conformation of diimide : From the intensity alternation observed in the J structure of N2H2 spectrum, it is concluded that diimide has a totally symmetric ground state.


Preface Map Introduction 1. Caught between Reformations: Catholics in the Holland Mission 2. Training the Laborers: Formation of the Dutch Clergy 3. Laboring in the Vineyard: Priests and Pastoral Care 4. Restoring a Catholic Presence: Lay Attitudes and Initiatives 5. Paying the Priest, Feeding the Poor: Patronage and Poor Relief Conclusion Appendix: Endowments to Collegium Pulcheria from the Liber Fundationum Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index


Digital addiction is a phenomenon where people who might take up addictive substances or other selfmedicating activities do so instead with information and communications technology. The environment in which someone finds themselves is known to influence their behaviour. This might be as a result of the environment placing more demands on people with one cognitive set-up compared to those with a different one. One might not normally think of education environments as addictive, but the introduction of technology into them can affect different learners in different ways. Through computing a measure of brain activity called knol (k), this paper seeks to explore how learners with different learning styles react in environments that are differentiated according to the intensity of ICTs used and the physical architecture of the learning environment in which those ICTs are used.


The small-scale magnetocaloric cooling device was developed at Czech Technical University in Prague. The magnetocaloric small-scale cooling system was designed as push-pull system with two permanent magnets with eld of about 0.85 T. The construction o ers a possibility to alter independently many parameters of the cooling process and it ensures easy way to change working material and design of heat exchangers. The measurements were performed with 35 g of gadolinium as a working material and ethanol as heat transfer liquid. Device was successfully operated at room temperature with maximal heat span of 3.1 K. In the article we report design of the machine and rst measurement performed on it.


WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) designed for vehicle communication has the features of a short initial link, low latency and high mobility. The success of data transmission in WAVE is affected by the priority and size of data and how many nodes are transmitting the data. In this paper, we tested and analyzed how the success rate of data transmission of each node varies according to the number of nodes, priority and size of data in various cases. Based on the simulation results, it is possible to confirm the success rate of data transmission and delay time for each node and the entire channel, and it can be determined how channel resources should be efficiently used considering these results.


A model of laser power supply is proposed to offer multiple stable currents by one driver. A pulse-wide-modulator (PWM), a push-pull driver, and a high-frequency transformer compose the main circuit of switch laser power supply, and it is used to realize initial stability of high-voltage. Each load circuits of switch laser power supply is mainly made up of a proportional integrator, a comparison amplifier, a photoelectric coupler and a high-voltage adjusting tube, it stabilizes current independently. It has been proved in the experiment that each load circuit hadn't influence on others when the whole laser power supply works and every current in the load circuit had the precision of 1‰.


The frequency stability in the electrical supply system is challenged by increasing inertia-free power electronics-based generation capacities. To mitigate this effect, high performance battery converter systems controlled as virtual synchronous generators can provide synthetic inertia. This paper presents a system design and a detailed evaluation of this application. An analysis of grid frequency measurements is carried out to derive design criteria for the battery converter system's control. Furthermore, experimental results are shown which demonstrate the operation of a virtual synchronous generator system.


Abstract The dissociative mechanism of nickel in silicon has been studied experimentally, assuming the near equilibrium represented by eqseqVeqCiCV /Cs =Ci C / C , where subscripts i, V, and s represent interstitial nickel atoms, vacancies, and substitutional nickel atoms, respectively, superscript eq represents the thermal equilibrium, and C A is the concentration of component A. However, the assumption of the near equilibrium has not yet been verified experimentally, because it is difficult to measure C V in silicon. In the present work, the simultaneous diffusion equations of the dissociative mechanism of nickel in silicon are solved numerically by double-precision FORTRAN without assuming the near equilibrium under the condition of in-diffusion of nickel into a silicon specimen, and the establishment of the near equilibrium is verified. It is also clarified that the near equilibrium is a transitional process which continues until the thermal equilibrium is reached. After the near equilibrium is reached, the very small difference of two nearly equal terms is an important factor in solving the diffusion equations. In other words, high accuracy is necessary to solve the diffusion equations. Concerning this, it is verified that the accuracy of double-precision FORTRAN is sufficiently high to solve the diffusion equations in the present work.


Interpretive criticism applied to the plays of W. S. Gilbert verges upon self-parody, suggests Eric Midwinter. The musical plays to which Sullivan contributed his inimitable scores were careful and calculated blends of the theatrical resources which Gilbert could command with plot and character conventions of proven and sustained appeal – which could, moreover, attract to the theatre the respectable family audiences for which the Savoy became almost a home-from-home. Eric Midwinter analyzes the ingredients of the operas which contributed to this popular success, describes the veritable industry of spin-offs which they generated, and assesses their contribution to the development of the 'musical play' as distinct from the 'musical comedy'. Eric Midwinter is a social historian and social policy analyst, whose books include Make 'Em Laugh: Famous Comedians and Their World (1979) and Fair Game: Myth and Reality in Sport (1986). He has published widely on social aspects of popular theatre and television, and is presently Director of the Centre for Policy on Ageing.


An efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration was developed for sugarcane variety Isd-16 using leaf sheath explants of 3, 6 and 12-months-old field grown plants. Explants from 6-month-old plant showed the best response and produced highest percentage of calli on MS + 3.0 mg/l 2,4-D. L-proline 25mg/l significantly enhanced somatic embryogenesis. The embryos germinated well on half-strength MS and developed into plantlets. Somatic embryo derived plants under field condition showed considerable variation in morphological, agronomical and biochemical characters. For genetic transformation the calli were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary plasmid pCAMBIA1303 containing hpt (hygromycin phosphotransferase) gene as a selectable marker and a β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in the T-DNA region. The transient expression of gus in hygromycin resistant calli and regenerated plants was confirmed by GUS flurometric assay. PCR analysis of genomic DNA from regenerated plants revealed that the hpt gene was integrated in the transgenic plants.


Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy and toxicity of Mitoxantrone as a combined chemotherapy with CTX and 5-Fu for breast cancer post-operation.Methods All 38 patients with breast cancer post-operation were treated six periods by combined chemotherapy with MITX.Results overall 3-year survival rates were 92.1%.Three cases were found metastasis and recurence (7.9%).There were no function damage in kidney and heart.Conclusion long-term efficacy of combined chemotherapy with MITX is satisfactory in this series,and the adverse effects are slight.


The use of international technical standards and conformity assessment systems are conventionally deemed as facilitating international trade and improving efficiency of production worldwide. However, many national, regional as well as international technical standards often incorporate proprietary technologies which then become essential for their implementation. To dismantle non-tariff barriers to the international trade, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) requires the WTO members to use international standards as a basis for their national technical regulations and standards. The duty also applies to the international standards which incorporate proprietary technologies. As international standards for high technologies heavily rely on proprietary technologies controlled mainly by companies established in developed countries, the duty under the TBT Agreement regularly brings clashes between developed countries and newly industrialized countries.Although it is generally recognized that it is important to protect the results of research and development (R&D) by the intellectual property rights, many newly industrialized countries deem the duty to use such international standards under the WTO regime as unfair. The perception of unfairness is even magnified, when their companies have to pay considerable amounts of royalties to the foreign holders of essential patents under international standards.This Article scrutinizes experiences with the national and international technical standards for several generations of mobile telephony in Europe, Far East Asia and the United States with the focus on the recent internationalization of standard-setting process in this field, geographical distribution of essential patents under individual standards, and the development of intellectual property rights policies applicable to standard-setting processes for mobile telephony on the national, regional and international levels. The Article points out that the outcome of international standardization should not be an adoption of any single international standard. Conversely, the TBT Agreement should create an environment where several technical solutions can compete on the global market. The competition between several technologies is one of precondition for guaranteeing the further technological progress in a sustainable way.Presented at the SIEL 2010 Conference in Barcelona.


In a previous work, the dynamic merit function segmentation has been proved by using the aplanatism condition. We present the merit function dependence on the isoplanatic patch criterion and the different optimization trajectories provided.


The authors of e-print arXiv:0710.3145 demonstrate effective method of population transfer between two quantum states. The physical base of this and many other phenomena is inequality of forward and reversed processes in optics. This fundamental property of physics needs to be experimentally studied at last. The phenomenon of complete population transfer between quantum states under sweeping of resonance conditions is known as long as the nuclear magnetic resonance was discovered. There it was obtained the mathematical description on the base of the Bloch equations and the rotating wave approximation model [1]. Different variants of this phenomenon are actively studied in nonlinear optics till now (see the discussed work [2] and [3] for review). The phenomenon of population transfer is very characteristic for situation in modern nonlinear optics, when interesting and specific phenomena frequently do not have physical explanation. Physical explanation usually is substituted for mathematical description on the base of rotating wave approximation model. However, this mathematical description does not have clear physical sense. Physical explanation of the full population transfer phenomenon is very simple: we must recognize the fact of inequality of forward and reversed processes in optics. The cross-sections of forward and reversed transitions can and actually differ in many orders of magnitude. In Fig.1 we show the supposed dependences of cross-sections of forward and reversed optical transitions in two-level system from such parameters as frequency and phase of laser radiation, orientation of molecule in space, the phase of atom vibration in molecule and even the position of the atom in space. Forward optical absorption transition transfers the quantum system from the initial quantum level to the excited quantum state. If after stimulated emission process the quantum system returns exactly into the initial state, we term such process as a reversed transition and its cross-section can exceed many orders of magnitude the cross-section of forward transition. If the quantum system returns into the initial quantum level, but not exactly into the initial state, we term such process as a backward (or partially reversed in some cases) transition


The invention provides a three-dimensional stretching and grabbing motion training device. The training device comprises an object bearing panel, an LED indicator lamp driving device, an infrared sensor processing circuit, a microcontroller, an electroencephalogram collecting instrument and a PC. Stretching and grabbing motion timestamp capture and three-dimensional stretching and grabbing motion data collection are carried out automatically in real time, and in combination with the electroencephalogram collecting instrument, cerebral neural signals and motion data can be synchronized conveniently to complete decoding of electroencephalograms of three-dimensional stretching and grabbing motion. Compared with an existing motion training device, the three-dimensional stretching and grabbing motion training device is reasonable in design, simple in structure, convenient to use, easy for a clinical patient to master and apply, particularly suitable for a patient with the upper limbs paralyzed to carry out three-dimensional stretching and grabbing motion rehabilitation training through a brain-computer interface platform and suitable for research and development of rehabilitation therapy instruments in the field of brain-computer interfaces.


Lifetime extension is one of the most critical research issues in the area of wireless sensor networks due to the severe resource limitations of the sensor nodes (e.g., small battery, limited computation capabilities, inexpensive transceiver etc.). One of the key approaches for prolonging the sensor network operable lifetime is to deploy an effective topology control protocol. This book proposes solutions pertinent the topology control issues and challenges in sensor networks, in particular the design of energy aware topology control algorithms.


Many low-income usage reduction programs are facing increasing challenges serving customers due to the prevalence of health and safety problems that prevent major measures from being installed. As a result of serious issues in the home, customers must be deferred or are treated with only minor services, and high-usage customers with good potential for savings do not participate or only achieve low energy savings. We conducted research to assess the circumstances under which additional cost-effective health and safety spending can be made to achieve greater savings for low-income customers and the program as a whole. The research conducted for a natural gas utility included an assessment of the extent of the problem and the types of health and safety issues encountered, a description of the current approach to health and safety issue remediation, an analysis of energy efficiency program savings results, and a decision framework to assess when and how much additional funds should be spent on health and safety issue remediation. The research found that depending on the job characteristics, the natural gas utility may be able to spend a significant amount of funds on health and safety and still achieve cost-effective savings, given the high level of opportunities for savings found in the home. We recommended that the utility pilot additional health and safety spending on high-usage homes with significant health and safety barriers and assess the level of savings that are achieved.


Selection of stable point wise targets is an important procedure in multi-temporal SAR images interpretation and application in monitoring surface deformation. Several targets selection methods based on amplitude and coherence approaches have been proposed in recently years. However, these two approaches have their own defects. Amplitude Selection (AS) method require enough data to ensure the accuracy of identification result, Coherence Selection (CS) method depends on spatial baseline values used to generate interferograms. In this work we propose a robust selection strategy of stable pointwise targets based on small baseline subsets to reduce spatial deccorelation phenomena, and uses small SAR dataset. The experiment results are presented using ERS data SAR acquired on Houdh Berkaoui region in south-east of Algeria.


Soil Modeling for Pile Vibratory Driving Alain E. Holeyman 1 and Christian Legrand2 A rational procedure to model the dynamic nonlinear behavior of the skin friction of piles and sheet piles during vibratory driving is presented. The model is based on the fundamental analysis of the dynamic behavior of a cylinder embedded in a semiinfinite medium. Cylindrical shear waves propagating away from the vibrated pile are evaluated using a one-dimensional radial discretization of the soil surrounding the pile. Elements of earthquake engineering normally used to assess liquefaction potential are applied to evaluate skin friction degradation upon cyclic shear stress. Degradation and excess pore-pressure buildup charts are presented based on correlations derived from the fiiction ratio as measured in a CPT test.


Introduction In Lebanon, the nationwide vaccination against COVID-19 was launched in February-2021 using Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and prioritizing elderly, persons with comorbidities and healthcare workers. Our study aims to estimate the post-introduction vaccine effectiveness (VE) of Pfizer-BioNTech in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization among [≥]75 years in Lebanon. Methods A case-control study design was used. Cases were Lebanese, [≥]75 years and hospitalized with positive PCR result during April-May 2021. Cases were randomly selected from the COVID-19 database of the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit(ESU) at the Ministry of Public Health(MOPH). Each case was matched by age and locality to 2 controls. Controls were hospitalized, non-COVID-19 patients with negative PCR result, randomly selected from the MOPH hospital admission database. VE was calculated for fully and partially vaccinated, using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses. Results 345 cases and 814 controls were recruited. Half were females, with a mean age of 83 years. 14 cases(5%) and 143 controls(22%) were fully vaccinated. Univariate analysis showed significant association with: gender, month of confirmation/admission, general health, chronic medical conditions, main income source and living arrangement. After adjusting for month of admission and gender, multivariate analysis yielded a VE of 82% (95%CI = 69%-90%) against COVID-19 associated hospitalization for those fully vaccinated and 53% (95%CI = 23%-71%) for those partially vaccinated (<14 days of first or within 14 days of second dose). Conclusions Our study showed that Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is effective in reducing risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization in Lebanese elderly([≥]75 years). Additional studies are warranted to explore vaccine effectiveness in reducing hospitalization in younger age groups, as well as in reducing covid-19 infections.


The observed carrier phase in the Global Positioning System depends on the orientation of the antennas of the transmitter and the receiver as well as the direction of the line of sight. Two equivalent analytic formulas are derived for the correction based on the property of circularly polarized wave. The magnitude of the correction is evaluated with a simulation. Result from a GPS experiment is shown for the effect of the phase correction. A general formula useful for qualitative evaluation of the differenced measurements is given in terms of the solid angles subtended at the center of the earth by the receivers and transmitters involved.


Investments in both paid and organic search are crucial for today's online retailer. In this paper, we analyse how consumers respond to organic and paid search advertising and gain insight into the interrelationship between these online marketing channels. We use a binary logit model and Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo techniques and analyse the interaction effects between paid and organic search and the conversion probability based on clickstream data from a major electronic retailer. Our findings indicate that there is a positive relationship: when consumers interact with both paid and organic search, a strong positive effect occurs towards the conversion probability in the short-term compared to when users only interact with one channel. Our findings are valuable for organizations in regards to their online marketing strategies and budgeting.


The use of bone roentgenology for age estimation is convenient inasmuch as it is a comparatively economical, sufficiently precise and technically uncomplicated method. It is also a non-invasive method, in particular when peripheric structures like hand bones are assessed, which is important in investigations of living subjects. The primary aim of the present study was to choose the most reliable method of age evaluation out of several roentgenologic methods using hand bones. Two different populations have been included in the present study: a) Israelis (365 cadavers, the mean age 46.5 years (S.D. = 21.2 years) for males, and 56.5 (S.D. = 21.5) years for females), and b) Turkmenians (643 living subjects, the mean age 49 years (S.D. = 17.1 years) for males, and 47.9 (S.D. = 14.6) years for females). Standard posteroanterior radiograms ofboth hands were performed for all subjects, to assess: a) bone mineral density (BMD) on the distal and the middle phalanges of the IIIrd finger, b) osseometric indices (OSM) on the II-Vth metacarpal bones, and 3) an osseographic score (OSS) which recorded the occurrence ofthe following: (a) osteophytes and exostoses, (b) osteoporosis, (c) osteosclerosis, and (d) non-traumatic articular deformities, on the phalanges of the II- Vth fingers. All measurements were taken on both hands and pulled together after respective standardization. The study investigated ethnic differences in bone age measurements and their usefulness in chronological age prediction. Multiple regression analysis was employed in order to explore the possibility of predicting chronological age of an individual by OSS, OSM and BMD. The equations we elaborated led to polynomial functions, showing that OSS and its power functions are stronger predictor variables of an individual's age. The cubed regression of OSS showed the highest values (R = 0.930-0.936 in Israelis and R = 0.896-0.908 in Turkmenians, p less than 0.001). The error of age prediction of most equations (app


Objective By investigating the auricle anatomical sculpt of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin's Mausoleum,it can provide anthropologic basic to explore constitutional observation,scientific application and artistic expressive ability in Qi dynasty.Methods The 215 cases's formative expression of 16 anatomical typical configuration was mainly investigated by adopting spot obserbation and photogrammetry in the number 1 hole of Emperor Qin's Mausoleum Museum in Xi'an Lintong.Results Auricle sculpt equaling to or approaching normal positional configuration has 138 cases,64 percent;Formative expressional frequences of anatomical typical configuration were 2663,77.4 percent;Confuguration accurately expressing more than 10 items has 138,64 percent;It has statistical significance by analyse.Conclusion Observation indicats that the expression of the auricle sculpt and anatomical structure of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin's Mausoleum is basicly right,the originator of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin's Mausoleum already can predominate abundant anthropological constitutional anatomical knowledge and possess skilled application in artistic sculpt.


Along the western shore of Delaware Bay the polychaetous annelidSabellaria vulgaris builds reefs which are formed of sand grains cemented together in rounded masses of dwelling tubes. They occur principally near the low tide line on sandy beaches in the lower part of the bay, where higher salinity waters, turbulence from wave action, a supply of sand, and a firm or hard substrate occur together. These reefs have important geological and biological effects on the immediate environment, modifying and stabilizing beach sediments, and supporting a distinct community of associated organisms.


Let G0 be a connected, simply connected real simple Lie group. Suppose that G0 has a compact Cartan subgroup T0, so it has discrete series representations. Relative to T0 there is a distinguished positive root system ∆ + for which there is a unique noncompact simple root ν, the "Borel – de Siebenthal system". There is a lot of fascinating geometry associated to the corresponding "Borel – de Siebenthal discrete series" representations of G0. In this paper we explore some of those geometric aspects and we work out the K0–spectra of the Borel – de Siebenthal discrete series representations. This has already been carried out in detail for the case where the associated symmetric space G0/K0 is of hermitian type, i.e. where ν has coefficient 1 in the maximal root µ, so we assume that the group G0 is not of hermitian type, in other words that ν has coefficient 2 in µ. Several authors have studied the case where G0/K0 is a quaternionic symmetric space and the inducing holomorphic vector bundle is a line bundle. That is the case where µ is orthogonal to the compact simple roots and the inducing representation is 1–dimensional.


Estimating agricultural water use is an issue of primary importance in the Mediterranean. At the same time, several advanced algorithms have been developed, which couple Earth Observation data in thermal, visible and near-infrared wavelengths with a few meteorological measurements to provide a close approximation to the actual water use. However, due to the detailed cropping pattern of the Greek agricultural landscape, higher resolution satellite imagery is necessary, a demand which may not be met by the available thermal infrared imagery (Landsat 5 TM and Terra/ASTER). This study investigates the contribution of ALOS AVNIR-2 images to estimate agricultural water consumption in high spatial resolution. Two methods were tested, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land and the remote sensing crop coefficient method. The results were compared against similar products derived with Terra/MODIS and Landsat TM images, used as reference. Comparisons were based on a pixel level, with a random dataset for pixel to pixel comparison and on a canal command area level, with statistical comparison of the water use estimations. Merging of the two datasets was based on the modified Brovey technique, which has the advantage of maintaining the original values, but redistributes them in a higher resolution space. Concluding, ALOS AVNIR-2 significantly underestimated agricultural water use with the crop coefficient method, but was successful in providing the element of high spatial detail to the MODIS derived result, proving to be a useful input in modelling water use of irrigated Greek basins.


The Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is specifically congenital, nonhereditary, and rare condition of unknown etiology. It belongs to a group of disorders collectively known as the phakomatoses ("motherspot" diseases). In its complete tri-symptomatic form, SWS is physically characterized by port-wine stains over the trigeminal area, leptomeningeal angiomas usually over the parieto-occipital region, and eye abnormalities. Clinical manifestation of SWS depends on the affected organs and can include seizures, mental retardation, and glaucoma.


Through using the method of literature review,questionnaire,expert interview and mathematical statistics,this paper makes investigation on development of aerobics course in six universities in northwest district of Hubei.Based on existing problems,some suggestions are put forward.


Part I. The God of the Philosophers: 1. How God exists 2. How God acts 3. God and doubt Part II. The God of Abraham, of Isaac and of Jacob: 4. Final causes 5. Hope and fear 6. The meaning of revelation 7. History Part III. The God of Spinoza: 8. Choosing a religion 9. The figure of Christ 10. Understanding eternity 11. Why Spinoza?


A BROAD SURVEY OF RECENT RESEARCH ON FLAWS IN CONCRETE AND ROCKS IS PRESENTED. THE IMPLICATIONS OF FLOWS AS THEY RELATE TO ENGINEERING DESIGN ARE DISCUSSED. THE SUBSECTIONS INCLUDE (1) THE GENERAL THEORY OF THE STRENGTH OF BRITTLE MATERIALS, WHICH IS BASED ON THE CONCEPT THAT BRITTLE BODIES CONTAIN A MULTITUDE OF CRACK-LIKE FLAWS, (2) FRACTURE IN CRYSTALLINE ROCK, (3) THE GENERAL QUESTION OF THE RELATION OF CONCRETE TO ITS STRENGTH AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES, (4) THE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS OF FRACTURE, AND (5) THE DESIGN MASS CONCRETE STRUCTURES SUCH AS CONCRETE ARCH DAMS. /AUTHOR/


The diffuse type of indoor wireless infrared communication system is considered to be one of the possible the scheme for the construction of further LAN style. In this system, scattering of light from the IR emitt er on the ceiling is received on the detector. The optical properties of the ceiling are important for this system. The scattering caused by air-conditioning units and ventilator and fluorescent on the ceiling must be carefully investigated. The experimental characterization of the reflection pattern on the surface of various materials is demonstrated. Numerical evaluation of the experiment is also done. 2 Measurement setup IR LED (λ=about 800nm) and collimation lens with the diameter of 5cm is located distant from the reflector surface by 30cm in the direction of 45°from the normal to the surface. The reflection and scattering patterns from the reflector are detected by PD. The specular component is measured along the scan path X2 to avoid the block of the received light due to the thick pin-hole plate. The Lambertian scattering is measured along the scan path X1. As the reflector materials, metal (aluminum), wood, plastic (acrylic) are


Pregnancy is a natural process during pregnancy does not rule out the possibility of problems or complications that can interfere with health. This study is the development of a minimum standard of visits for pregnant-women and the care provider acts as a ball-picker, with the aim of empowering the family to be independent in recognizing pregnancy complications, overcoming minor complaints, meeting nutritional needs, carrying out pregnancy checks and taking blood tablets. Visits are carried out continuously 15 times during pregnancy and communicating until the mother gives birth. This study usED experimental design with control. The research subjects were 120 people taken by simple random sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets, then analyzed using the logarithmic-formula (Log10). The results showed an increase in the level of family independence in recognizing complications during pregnancy, family independence in overcoming mild complaints in pregnancy, independence in fulfilling the nutritional needs of pregnant-women, family independence in carrying out pregnancy examinations, independence the family in giving tablets added blood. The average independence change is 37.4%, based assistance continuum of care that is done by conducting intensive visits and more often can increase family independence in overcoming health problems of pregnant-women, able to reduce self care deficits, improve family capacity in meeting demands self care and families are able provide care for pregnant-women independently.


On the occasion of the opening of the "5^th International Conference for Peace, Disarmament and Symbiosis in Asian-Pacific" in Okinawa, I would like to extend, on behalf of my colleagues, and in my own name, warm congratulations to the conference,


Due to the difficulties of multi-layer segmentation and re-assembly of protocol data,there has been no effective method for regenerating the WAP service data in the monitoring system.By careful study of protocol stack and transaction flows of WAP multimedia messaging service(MMS)in GPRS/WCDMA core network,we worked out a method to implement multi-layer data re-assembly and image reconstruction for data from the Gn interface;and the MMS images were successfully restored for live network data captured by a current monitoring system.Testing results showed that the method could monitor the MMS content for current monitoring systems effectively.


Beimel and Orlov proved that all information inequalities on four or five variables, together with all information inequalities on more than five variables that are known to date, provide lower bounds on the size of the shares in secret sharing schemes that are at most linear on the number of participants. We present here another two negative results about the power of information inequalities in the search for lower bounds in secret sharing. First, we prove that all information inequalities on a bounded number of variables can only provide lower bounds that are polynomial on the number of participants. Second, we prove that the rank inequalities that are derived from the existence of two common informations can provide only lower bounds that are at most cubic in the number of participants.


Summary
The problems implicit in the discussion of the psychological basis of drug dependence fall into three main areas: (a) Description: what are the personality characteristics of the drug dependent individual and are individuals with a particular type of personality structure more likely to become depemknt on drugs than any other, (b) Effects: what changes brought about in the individual personality structure as a result ofdrrtg dependence, (c) Treatment response: what is the nature of the interaction between (a) and (b) which will assist in the development and application of effective forms of treatment and in determining the response to treatment. The present discussion is confned to a selective survey of studies reported in the literature in which standard tests were used to describe the intellectual and personality characteristics of opiate users*—usually adolescent andyoung adult males.


This paper has analyzed the connotation of engineering quality and its function in the fostering talents and explored ways to develop students' engineering qualities in teaching engineering graphics.


At a time of uncertainty and rapid change, little can be predicted with any confidence. We can note, however; the point reached in dialectical historical processes and recognize the conflicts and contradictions pushing in different directions. We can consider developments in politics, culture, personal relationships and psychotherapy as major dimensions of the context within which we continue to work and which, in the course of our work, we are called on to address.


Actinomycosis is a granulomatous suppurative disease caused mainly by Actinomyces israelii which is a normal saprophyte of the oral cavity, nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract. In most instances, the onset of abdominal disease is preceded by an antecedent surgical, traumatic or inflammatory incident resulting in the perforation of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Isolate actinomycosis of the greater omentum is extremely rare. We report a 64-year-old female patient, who was suspected as being an immune incompetent individual and developed an actinomycosis of the greater omentum without other hollow or solid organ involvement. Omentectomy was performed and prolonged antibiotic therapy was given. She recovered well after treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the seventh report of omental actinomycosis not requiring resection of the intestine for the total removal of the disease tissue. Adequate surgical drainage or excision and intensive prolonged antibiotic therapy provide a cure in most cases.


The present invention car broadcast channel to be automatically converted to an apparatus and method, and particularly relates to a broadcast channel automatic changing device and a method using a global positioning system to automatically convert the broadcast channel according to the region where the vehicle is located using a global positioning system will be. The present invention is stored with a look-up table, which is the broadcast channel automatically converted according to the device, a plurality of the broadcast and the local channel for the stations of each with the broadcasting station regional overlapping area of the boundary area defined by the Global Positioning System unit, for receiving the position signals received from the satellite receives a predetermined control from the receiving unit and the received broadcast signal received by the global positioning system module and a broadcast signal and outputting the location information to determine the current position desired a first broadcast channel selection unit, the determined location is broadcast regional boundary output if the area from the received broadcast signal by selecting only the second broadcast signal of the changed estimated broadcast channel output by selecting only the first broadcast signal of the broadcast channel and second broadcast channel selection unit, receiving the position information and determine the current broadcast area of the determination that Receiving broadcast area broadcasts drives both regional boundary area if the first broadcast channel selection unit and the second broadcast channel selection unit, and a signal-to-noise ratio for the first broadcast signal and a second broadcast signal of the first broadcast channel selection made featuring made of an unit with the control unit for the second broadcast channel selected by the control unit selects the signal to noise ratio superior broadcast signal. Broadcast channels, automatic conversion, GPS, broadcast area, broadcast regional boundaries


A significant fraction of all metal-poor stars are carbon-rich. Most of these carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars also show enhancement in elements produced mainly by the s-process (CEMP-s stars) and evidence suggests that the origin of these non-standard abundances can be traced to mass transfer from a binary asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion. Thus, observations of CEMP-s stars are commonly used to infer the nucleosynthesis output of low-metallicity AGB stars. A crucial step in this exercise is understanding what happens to the accreted material after mass transfer ceases. Here we present models of the post-mass-transfer evolution of CEMP-s stars considering the physics of thermohaline mixing and atomic diffusion, including radiative levitation. We find that stars with typical CEMP-s star masses (M ~ 0.85 Msun) have very shallow convective envelopes (Menv +4). We are therefore unable to reproduce the spread in the observed abundances with these models and conclude that some other physical process must largely suppress atomic diffusion in the outer layers of CEMP-s stars. We demonstrate that this could be achieved by some additional (turbulent) mixing process operating at the base of the convective envelope, as found by other authors. Alternatively, mass-loss rates around 1e-13 Msun/yr could also negate most of the abundance variations by eroding the surface layers and forcing the base of the convective envelope to move inwards in mass. Since atomic diffusion cannot have a substantial effect on the surface abundances of CEMP-s stars, the dilution of the accreted material, while variable in degree from one star to the next, is most likely the same for all elements.


Composite structure with one or more polyurethane layers, a support layer, in particular a textile support layer or a support layer made of a PVC, a polyolefin or a polyurethane foam, and an adhesive layer disposed optionally between these layers, containing at least one layer of polyurethane, a polyurethane of the formula (I) (I) wherein: R1-O- -O-radicals mean at least two polyols having hydroxyl functions primary and / or secondary at the ends, R1 and R2, independently of one another denote an organic radical comprising aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic heterocyclic groups and / or, n is an integer from 1 to 50,000, characterized in that for polyols is bifunctional and trifunctional polyols, which are the ratio of 1: 2 to 5 1.