Crosswind stability of rail vehicles has been a research area for several decades, mainly motivated by vehicle overturning accidents and higher speeds, but in recent times also by issues of lower energy consumption and track maintenance costs demanding lower vehicle weights. During everyday operation, rail vehicles are subjected to large lateral influences from track irregularities, track curves and crosswind, leading to large suspension deflections and increased crosswind sensitivity. Also unsteady crosswind like gusts calls for attention. Simulations of possible vehicle overturning are necessary, but need to take large deflections and high shear in the suspension into account. If delivering reasonable results, simulations represent an important tool for overturning prediction of the vehicle. In the present work, multibody simulations of a high-speed vehicle at large lateral influences from track curves and track irregularities have been carried out, using a half-vehicle model in 2D and a model of a whole vehicle in 3D. The vehicle models also include different suspension models. Corresponding field measurements of the relative lateral and vertical deflections in the secondary suspension have been performed on a fast train and used for validation of the multibody simulations, resulting in good agreement between measurements and simulations. The 3D vehicle model was further used to study the vehicle response to unsteady crosswind during curve negotiation where aerodynamic loads obtained by unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics, namely Detached Eddy Simulations, representing three types of gusts were used. In addition, the method of Quasi Transient Gust Modelling was evaluated in terms of overturning risk. Strong lateral and roll responses of the vehicle and influences of the gust duration and the relative difference between mean and maximum wind speed were observed. Further, variations of suspension and mass properties of the vehicle were performed to study the influence on crosswind sensitivity. The position of the centre of mass of the carbody and the lateral bumpstop clearance showed significant influence on the crosswind stability.


Background: Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, and potentially fatal mite-borne disease that is caused by infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi. In Korea, the incidence has increased due to environmental changes and increased outdoor activity leading to frequent exposure to chigger mite vectors. Although the infection is treatable with doxycycline and azithromycin, an effective prophylactic vaccine against O. tsutsugamushi would be more favorable for preventing scrub typhus in the endemic areas. Materials and Methods: We combined the immunoreactive regions of 47-kDa outer membrane protein (47-kDa OMP) and 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA56) to generate a conventional subunit vaccine expressing recombinant OTBS56-47 (recOTBS56-47) and a DNA vaccine (pOTBS56-47). We evaluated two types of vaccination, intranasal immunization with recOTBS56-47, and Intramuscular immunization with pOTBS56-47 for immunogenicity and efficacy. Results: In mice, intranasal immunization with recOTBS56-47 plus cholera toxin (CT) was the most effective method for the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses; it induced a strong cellular immune response, as demonstrated by a spleen cell proliferation assay, and induced a higher amount of recOTBS56-47-specific antibodies. Intramuscular immunization with pOTBS56-47 alone, or pOTBS56-47 plus adjuvant pmIL-2, induced a low level of humoral immune response. Conclusion: OTBS56-47 is an attractive candidate for developing a prophylactic vaccine against scrub typhus caused by O. tsutsugamushi. This work was supported by an intramural fund (2013-NG52001-00) by research of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


This article puts in question the possibility of construction of meanings (abolitionists) since the meeting with philosophy. Since a plurality of critical perspectives points to a model of hegemonic thinking that reduces the difference to them and that unfolds in various dimensions of violence that constitute the mode of being and existing in the present. Thus, this paper intends to resume the dimensions of time and temporality to open to new possibilities, to new meanings, or even the possibility of a democracy to come. The text, therefore, intended to be a criticism of violence in all its terms.


Blood transfusions are now a central part of modem medical and surgical therapy. Blood can be collected, stored and administered with relative safety thanks to the development of anticoagulants, blood storage techniques and compatibility testing. These discoveries were made prior to or during World War II, so that in the early years after the war the banking of blood became a reality and transfusion services were established. In 1947 the Canadian Red Cross developed a national blood transfusion service based on the principles of voluntary donations, free blood and a national comprehensive program. The record of the blood transfusion service has been one of remarkable success, whereby all our needs for blood have been met by the donations of our fellow citizens. In the past 15 years a gradual but important change has occurred in transfusion therapy and blood banking. This resulted from the development of the plastic bag, which replaced the faithful bottle into which blood had always been collected: a "bag of blood" replaced a "bottle of blood". Plastic bags made it possible to separate blood into its components within a completely closed system. Erythrocytes could be packed by centrifugation, and the supernatant plasma and platelets could be removed aseptically into another bag within a closed system. In turn, platelets could be collected by centrifugation, and the supernatant plasma could be expressed into a third bag, leaving only the pellet of platelet concentrate. The plasma could be frozen for later use or it could be fractionated by low-temperature freezing and thawing, which would leave a cold-precipitable protein cryoprecipitate that contained antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII) and fibrinogen. The remaining plasma could be expressed into a fourth bag, again within a closed system. Thus, one bag of blood could yield a unit each of packed erythrocytes, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate and plasma. The plasma, in turn, could be used as such or could be fractionated into gamma globulin or albumin, for example. Blood component therapy has appeared gradually on the medical scene, but, when compared with the early use of whole blood for all the needs for "blood", it can be seen as a revolutionary change. In this issue of the Journal (starting on page 33) Drs. Blajchman, Shepherd and Perrault outline the various components of blood used in therapy and provide a detailed guide for their use. We have moved into the era of blood component therapy, and the necessary technology is now available to us. We must, however, learn to treat patients with the specific components they require. Anemic patients should receive erythrocytes, thrombocytopenic patients platelets and so forth. Therapy with whole blood is wasteful and unnecessary. Is therapy with whole blood ever necessary? Should all blood be separated into components and no whole blood be made available? A modern transfusion service should aim to use every component of a unit of blood as effectively as possible. However, some argue that whole blood must be available for the treatment of shock and surgical bleeding.1 Since packed erythrocytes, electrolyte solutions, albumin and fresh frozen plasma are readily available, it seems reasonable and not difficult to use them as necessary so that these needs can be met within a highly developed component program. In this way we will be using these human gifts in the most efficient and knowledgeable manner known to us.


eLearning vs. eDistribution So many experiences of (so-called) eLearning report on the usage of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and particularly the Internet, to support the electronic distribution of didactic material that is completely traditional in its contents and structure. Typical is the case of the web sites of most universities, from which students can download the materials prepared by the teachers (working papers, slides, syllabuses, examples of exam tests, ... ) as a support to their courses. ICT are adopted in these situations to help teachers make their materials widely and rapidly available, but they do not specifically impact on learning strategies. Our literature review (for examples see: Carliner, 1999; Carlson, 2002; Koolen, 2001; Dijkstra et al., 1999, Syed, 2001; Trentin, 2000; Tsai and Machado, 2002; Wiesner, 2001) highlights the fact that what is usually referred to as eLearning is best described as what we can call "eDistribution", that is, traditional didactic material, distributed by means of ICT. As a matter of fact, students often don't make use of the materials in their electronic format: on the contrary, they often print them out, thus losing the peculiar advantages that derive from the interaction with the computer. With the aim of stressing the didactic relevance of the eLearning (and therefore of enabling us to answer the fundamental question: why and when is eLearning worth doing?), we have devoted some efforts to the development of eLearning-oriented material by pointing out the basic distinction between "eLearning" and "eDistribution", in terms of two straightforward, although somehow allusive, slogans:


In this issue, contributors were asked to consider the concept of castration anxiety in light of contemporary psychoanalytic thought and practice. Freud's original formulations of castration anxiety assumed a model of sex and gender identification that does not correspond with contemporary experience or understanding of the complexities involved. The range of possible sex and gender identifications as complex combinations of sex plus gender self-identifications is noted in many of the contributions. In Rosemary Balsam's contribution, reference is made to the shift from a "one sex" to a "two sex" model. In both Balsam and Marie Rudden's articles there is discussion of female genital anxiety, rather than castration anxiety. Cultural factors play a prominent role in Anna Migliozzi's article. Danielle Knafo emphasizes relational experience in castration anxiety and focuses on transsexual experience in a case study. Martin Silverman explores the relationship of castration and death anxieties. Nicola Abel-Hirsch relates a Bionian perspective and Patricia Gherovici explores the perspective of the later work of Lacan. Jani Santamaría offers two clinical cases that demonstrate the life-long nature of struggles with castration anxiety. In this prologue, a structure is suggested for understanding the range of complexities involved in sex, sexuality, and gender identity formation and the contributions to this issue are described. An aspect of early, pre-Oedipal development is described, which has been called the Electral phase. In formulating this early developmental process and its consolidation into a dynamic constellation called the Electra complex, paths of initial sex and gender identity emerge. The Electral phase is proposed as resulting in sex and gender self-identification and contains antecedents to the Oedipal phase, a subsequent, and often overlapping, part of the process of identity formation. To describe the Electral phase, this discussion will focus on early phases of life, both in utero and after birth existence. In contemporary Western culture, because sex and gender are infused into virtually every aspect of human existence, they are salient in personal identity (Dimen, 1991; Meissner, 2005b). People are categorized into female and male and there are many culturally laden aspects of gender identity (Bassin, 1996). When culture is a salient component, as it is in the case of gender identity, it is at best conceptualized relative to time and place (Laqueur, 1990). Although sex and gender identity are not neatly separable, for the purposes of clarification, three distinct categories are used. The anatomical sex of an individual, the anatomical sex the individual experiences her/him/them self to be, called sex identification, conceptually similar to Stoller's (1985) core gender identity, and, the gender an individual experiences her/him/them self to be, falling within a range from feminine to masculine, called by Meissner (2005a) gender role identity. Sex categories tend to be framed in binary terms, that persons are either female or male, even though a portion of the population are a physiological combination of female and male and another portion self-identifies as neither female nor male. As a result of the entrenched binary model of sex, gender tends to be addressed as binary as well. Yet, a gender designation of a whole person, rather than of specific characteristics, as either feminine or masculine is a complex matter, often involving the salience of certain characteristics over others in a person of a particular age, sex and context. Such a designation may or may not remain constant, as individual component characteristics are altered or replaced (Meissner, 2005a).


The libary at teachers college is characterized by higher education,teachers' training,localization,changeability and diversitfication,which should be brought into full play so as to better serve the teaching and research.


For the problem of a two- and three-dimensional deterministic sandpile automaton, analytical formulas are derived which express the relation between the period of an attracting orbit and the number of grain spillings in the self-organized critical state. Numerical results for lattices up to sizes 19×19 and 9×9×9 are given. A generalization to lattices in arbitrary dimensions is also presented


This paper examines how export and import by trade policy affect the productivity improvement in Korean manufacturing industries through theoretical and empirical analysis. From the results of analysis, we can find that the expansion of export and import (capital and intermediate goods, etc.) shares were the main factors for productivity improvement in Korean manufacturing industries. In addition, tariff reduction, learning by doing, technology innovation through R&D investment, increase of capital per worker also improved the productivity in Korean manufacturing industries.


Records of toxic benthic dinoflagellates have dramatically increased along the Mediterranean coasts over the last decade. On the western coasts, toxic Ostreopsis ovata strains have been associated with human health problems due to production of palytoxin-like (p-PLT) toxins, whereas, on eastern Mediterranean (Greek) coasts, the presence of dense Ostreopsis spp. populations has resulted in shellfish contamination by similar p-PLT compounds. Furthermore, available data from 6 years of Greek regulatory monitoring for marine lipophilic biotoxins on shellfish indicate that benthic dinoflagellate toxins are responsible for at least 30% of positive shellfish samples each year. Additionally, the recent detection of dinoflagellates once considered as tropical, such as the ciguatera-causing genus Gambierdiscus, constitutes another impending hazard for both the fisheries industry and consumer health in the Mediterranean Sea. The fact that potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates are seldom detected in the water column samples obtained as part of regulatory monitoring for "potentially toxic phytoplankton" (Regulation EC 854/2004) makes the addition of benthic dinoflagellates to the regulatory monitoring for "potentially toxic microalgae" and the expansion of the regulatory monitoring for marine biotoxins to additional marine edible organisms, such as fish, indispensable.


18 Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an indispensable biomarker in 19 cancer immunotherapy. Currently, MSI scoring methods by high-throughput omics 20 methods have gained popularity and demonstrated better performance than the gold 21 standard method for MSI detection. However, MSI detection method on expression 22 data, especially single-cell expression data is still lacking, limiting the scope of 23 clinical application and prohibiting investigation of MSI at single cell level. 24 Results: Herein, we developed MSIsensor-RNA, an accuracy, robust, adaptable, and 25 standalone software, to detect MSI status by its associated genes' expression values. 26 We demonstrated the favorable performance and promise of MSIsensor-RNA in both 27 bulk and single-cell gene expression data in multiplatform technologies including 28 RNA-seq, Microarray, and single-cell RNA-seq. 29 Conclusions: MSIsensor-RNA is a versatile, efficient, and robust method for MSI 30 status detection from both bulk and single-cell gene expression data in clinical 31 researches and applications. MSIsensor-RNA is available at 32


Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the valsartan on renal function and proteinuira in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Methods Seventy-two patients with biopsyproven CAN were retrospectively analyzed who had more than 6 months followup in our center. Forty-one patients received valsartan therapy (therapy group) with a average therapy time of (36.0±7.2) months compared 31 patients without these agents (control group). The clinical data such as blood pressure, serum creatinine (SCr), hemoglobin level, quantification of proteinuria, etc were dynamically observed. The primary endpoint was a ≥50% sustained increase in SCr from baseline. Secondary endpoints included allograft failure (as defined by a return to dialysis) and the combined endpoint of death and dialysis.Results There were no significant different baseline of clinical characteristics between therapy group and control group at time of biopsy. With a mean followup time of 36, 34 months, 7 of 41 (17.1%) in therapy group vs 11 of 31 (35.5%) in control group reached the primary endpoint of 50% increase in SCr (P=0.10) respectively.Fewer patients in therapy group reached the combined secondary endpoint of allograft failure or death (9.8% vs 38.7%, P0.01) with a significance; in addition, therapy group postponed the average time to the combined endpoint (53.9 vs 41.5 months,P=0.02). Noteworthily,the daily urine protein excreation fell from (2.14±2.60)g to (1.14±0.11)g (P=0.013). The common side effects in therapy group were transient hyperkalemia and anemia. Conclusion Valsartan therapy showes fairly satisfactory efficacy in slowing renal insufficiency as well as achieving significant survival benefit in the combined endpoint of allograft failure or death.


Objective: To investigate the relationships of iNOS expression with spermatogenic cell proliferation and apoptosis following high ligation of internal spermatic cord vessels. Methods: iNOS was detected by immunohistochemistry combined with computer-assisted image analysis system. PCNA-labeling index(PI) was determined and calculated by immunohistochemistry, while spermatogenic cell apoptosis index(AI) was determined by TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling). The relationships of iNOS expression with spermatogenic cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. Results: iNOS expression increased 3-15 days following the high ligation, the high-positive expression of iNOS was detected on the 7th day after operation. PCNA-index(PI) in the high ligation groups were much lower than the control groups(P0.01), while apoptosis index(AI) were higher than the control groups (P0.01). Conclusions: After high ligation of internal spermatic cord vessels, the iNOS expression has negative correlation with PI of spermatogenic cell, and has positive correlation with AI. The over-expression of iNOS gene is one of the major reasons for decreasing of spermatogenic cell proliferation and increasing of apoptosis.


Phyllotis darwini vaccarum and Phyllotis darwini darwini live contiguously in Central Chile, the former in the high Andes and the latter in the Central Valley and on the coast. All individuals examined of both kinds had 38 chromosomes of similar shape, but P. d. vaccarum always showed large paracentromeric C-bands on all chromosomes, whereas P. d. darwini showed none or only small ones. Fifty-six pairings between the two forms were made in the laboratory. They resulted in 23 hybrids produced by four P. d. vaccarum females and four P. d. darwini females. A higher incidence of aggression and mortality was observed in the cross-pairings, as well as a lower incidence of birth (14.3%), and a lower mean litter size (2.9), in comparison with 117 pairings within forms (65.0% and 4.2%, respectively). C-banded hybrid metaphases showed 19 chromosomes with large paracentromeric C-bands and 19 with none or only small ones. In the G-banded hybrid karyotypes, it was possible to identify eight chromosome pairs with total correspondence of band patterns, five pairs with correspondence only at their long arms, and 10 autosomes and the X chromosomes with no correspondence at all. Hybrids were completely sterile; adults had incomplete germinal lines and a lack of differentiated gametes in their gonads. These results, and the presence of individuals of both chromosomal forms in the same trap line with no traces of mixing, provide strong evidence of complete genetic isolation of the two forms; that is, they should be considered as separate species. Further considerations suggest the existence of gene flow between vaccarum and the other Andean forms living in northern Chile, and probably with those from southern Chile; the oldest species-group name available for all of these is xanthopygus .


To investigate effective ultrasonic-cleaning, the electrochemical impedance of a model cell and the ultrasoundpressure distribution of a cleaning bath have been measured. The relation between cleaning efficiency and ultrasound pressure was discussed.An electrochemical impedance cell with a blind hole, into which two stainless steel parallel plate-electrodes were mounted, was filled with mineral oil, and immersed in a cleaning solution containing sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and ortho sodium silicate, at room temperature. The solution was stirred by an ultrasonic generator mounted on the side wall in the bath.Soundpressure distribution patterns in the cleaning bath were obtained. No correlation was observed between the soundpressure and the oil residual amount. However, the correlation coefficient between the differential soundpressure and the oil residual amount obtained was -0.95.Electrodialysis currents migrating through a cation exchange membrane were measured in the ultrasonic-cleaning bath. The electrodialysis limiting currents decreased with increasing oil residual amounts. From this result, the oil residual amount was proportional to the diffusion film thickness of the surface


The Trojan War has been perennially interesting, whether study centres on works of imaginative literature such as the epic poems of Homer and Virgil, the historical situation which provided the subject for those poems, the Bronze Age world of Troy and Mycenae which formed a background to the war, or the post-classical reworking of the material in the medieval Troy romances, Shakespeare, or Giraudoux. As well as supplying writers with incidents and episodes, the story of the war has given to artists a seemingly inexhaustible supply of themes on which their fancy feeds. A great proportion of Greek and Roman art can be connected with legends that stem from the Trojan War, and the whole complex of myths and history has proved a potent source for later artists. The theme chosen here is that of the Trojan Horse, and we shall look at some ways in which artists in antiquity viewed the incident.


Crystalline and amorphous silicates condense in the outflows of low mass evolved stars and massive red supergiant stars and are injected into the interstellar medium (ISM) where they are rendered almost completely amorphous by a multitude of destructive processes (e.g. shock, grain-grain collisions, and irradiation). Irradiation effects in particular may have played an important role in the genesis and modification of primitive grains in cometary dust, but unraveling those effects requires controlled experiments under appropriate conditions and with an emphasis on materials relevant to the ISM. Here we report our infrared (IR) microspectroscopy and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM) measurements on forsterite that was amorphized through irradiation by high energy heavy ions.


Friction stir spot welds were made in two high-strength steels: DP780, and a hot-stamp-boron steel with tensile strength of 1500 MPa. The spot welds were made at either 800 or 1600 rpm using either of two polycrystalline boron nitride tools. One stir tool, BN77, had the relatively common pin-tool shape. The second tool, BN46, had a convex rather than a concave shoulder profile and a much wider and shorter pin. The tools were plunged to preprogrammed depths either at a continuous rate (1-step schedule) or in two segments consisting of a relatively high rate followed by a slower rate. In all cases, the welds were completed in 4s. The range of lap-shear values were compared to values required for resistance spot welds on the same steels. The minimum value of 10.3 kN was exceeded for friction stir spot welding of DP780 using a 2-step schedule and either the BN77- or the BN46-type stir tool. The respective minimum value of 12 kN was also exceeded for the HSB steel using the 2-step process and the BN46 stir tool.


We present the results of a study of weak gravitational lensing by galaxies using imaging data that were obtained as part of the second Red Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS2). In order to compare to the baryonic properties of the lenses we focus here on the ∼300 square degrees that overlap with the data release 7 (DR7) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The depth and image quality of the RCS2 enables us to significantly improve upon earlier work for luminous galaxies at z ≥ 0.3. To model the lensing signal we employ a halo model which accounts for the clustering of the lenses and distinguishes between satellite and central galaxies. Comparison with dynamical masses from the SDSS shows a good correlation with the lensing mass for early-type galaxies. The correlation is less clear for late-type galaxies, possibly due to rotation. For low luminosity (stellar mass) early-type galaxies we find a satellite fraction of ∼40% which rapidly decreases to <10% with increasing luminosity (stellar mass). The satellite fraction of the late-types has a value in the range 0‐15%, independent of luminosity or stellar mass. At high masses the satellite fraction is not well constrained, which we partly attribute to the modelling assumptions. To infer virial masses we apply simple models based on an independent satellite kinematics analysis to account for intrinsic scatter in the scaling relations. We find that early-types in the range 10 10 < Lr < 10 11.5 L� have virial masses that are about five times higher than those of late-type galaxies and that the mass scales as M200 ∝ L 2.34 +0.09 −0.16 .F or an early-type galaxy with a fiducal luminosity of 10 11 Lr,� , we obtain a mass M200 = (1.93 +0.13


This article provides real life examples that can be used to explain statistical concepts. It does not attempt to be exhaustive, but rather, provide a few examples for selected concepts based on what students should know after taking a statistics course.


Lipophorin (Lp) in the hemolymph of insects is known to selectively deliver lipids from sites of absorption or synthesis to sites of storage and utilization, such as the fat body, ovary and testis; however, no study regarding this has been reported in Galleria mellonella. In the present study, we examined the process by which Lp is taken up into the larval fat body, adult ovary and adult testis, and the transfer of lipid by Lp to these tissues in Galleria mellonella. To investigate the involvement of a receptor in Lp endocytosis, the larval fat body, adult ovary and adult testis were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐Lp, FITC‐Lp plus unlabeled Lp, and FITC‐Lp plus suramin, a receptor endocytic inhibitor. The amounts of FITC‐Lp in the three tissues were significantly decreased in the presence of unlabeled Lp and suramin, indicating that endocytosis of Lp by the tissues is mediated by a receptor. To examine the transfer of lipid by Lp, the tissues were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with 1,1′‐dilinoleyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)‐Lp, DiI‐Lp plus unlabeled Lp, and DiI‐Lp plus suramin. The transfer of lipid by Lp was inhibited in the presence of unlabeled Lp and suramin, which is consistent with a receptor‐mediated process. Our results show that the transfer process of lipid by Lp and uptake of Lp itself is by receptor‐mediated endocytosis.


By the methods of documentation,comparison and statistics,the paper analyzes the achievements in 2004 Athens O-lympics and compares those in some former Olympics. The results show that the global athletics pattern has changed a lot and taken on some new characteristics. The paper also summarizes the achievements and challenges in China's competitive sports, and puts forward some suggestions about preparing for 2008 Beijing Olympics.


Electrochemical oxidation of fifteen para- and meta-substituted anilines in different mole fractions of acetic acid in water has been investigated in the presence of 0.1 M sulphuric acid as supporting electrolyte. The oxidation potential data of anilines correlates well with Hammett's and Brown- Okamoto's substituent constants affording negative reaction constants. The effect of para- and metasubstituents on the oxidation potential conforms to Swain's F and R parameters, affording negative reaction constants. The oxidation potential values correlate well with macroscopic solvent parameters such as relative permittivity, εr, and polarity, ETN. Multiple correlation analysis also shows an excellent correlation with the oxidation potential values.


In this study, short-necked clams were exposed to Cd-containing sea water for the following stages: Stage L: exposed in 0.1 ppm Cd for 22 days, Stage Sa: exposed in 0.1 ppm Cd for 10 days, Stage Sb: kept in natural sea water for 10 days after Stage Sa, Stage Sc: re-exposed in 0.1 ppm Cd for 10 days after Stage Sb. The supernatant liquid containing water-soluble Cd-binding proteins (Cd-BP) was obtained from the homogenate of the sample at each stage. In order to estimate the molecular weights and the behavior of Cd-BP, the supernatants were fractionated by Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography. It was found that Cd in the clam combined dominantly with the proteins in peaks A (M. W. more than 30, 000), B (M. W. 22, 000±7, 000), and C (M. W. 8, 000-2, 500). We conclude that Cd in the clam is combined chiefly with Cd-BP in peak A for short period exposures, but as the exposure period becomes longer, the Cd-BP in peak B acquires the leading role in intaking Cd. The remarkable behavior of the clam must be due to the induction of a synthesis of Cd-BP.


The present duration of 5 years in the Korea Green Building Certification(G-SEED) should be re-set taking into account with the needs for renewal of re-certification criteria. This study methods is to analyze the differences between the characteristics of the certification system of green building of domestic and foreign and to seek the improvement to derive the problem of detailed evaluation items of the examination. The purpose of this study is to identify some problems of re-certification criteria in the G-SEED System and to propose the renewal of certification system. Analysis of the rating criteria with a few re-certified examples of office buildings have been made. Some measures to improve the re-certification have been suggested as follows; (1) it is strongly suggested to establish re-certification rating systems that is not yet made, (2) the new criteria of re-certification bring into focus on whether buildings maintain the environmental performances of the initial status certified, and (3) thus the effective duration of re-certification needs to re-set flexibly in a way to confirm to the initial environmental performances and maintenance conditions certified.


On the basis of the Yangzhou stone-piling design methodology we established an index system to evaluate skill of Yang-style stone-pilling.Using the AHP analytic hierarchy process,the experts compared the importance and the order of the evaluation index of Yangzhou stone-piling.As the result,the order of the influence power from large to small was as follows:borrowing classical rockery examples and respecting local features,creating poetic atmosphere,respecting local features,selecting the framework in accordance with specific scenery context,highlighting the distant scene,expressing across the name to artistic conception,choosing stones regarding to different characteristics,having a specific order,adapting to the environment and trees,echoing of the insubstantial and substantial scene,changing of layout for environment,foiling the theme,depending on each other with mountains and water,spotlighting the close scene,the same of character and color,closing shape and conform of stone.The result of the research provide the Yangzhou stonepiling evaluating system with basis and frame.


Abstract Metabolic models of thermal acclimation of fishes are generally based on routine rates of oxygen consumption and, therefore, are confounded by metabolic changes due to variation in random activity. My objectives were to describe the amount, direction, and time course of change in the standard metabolic rate of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss while the fish acclimated to warm and cold temperature, and to account for the energy costs of random swimming. Rainbow trout (100–250 g) were acclimated to 10 and 20°C and tested at 10, 15, and 20°C. Random activity and oxygen consumption were monitored at acclimation temperatures immediately after acute temperature exposures and, in some cases, for several days after temperature changes. Random swimming activity and standard metabolic rate were strongly influenced by both recent thermal history and acute temperature exposure. The initial activity response depended on the extent of the temperature change, and included an orthokinetic reaction when the new ...


The production capacity and market demand of styrene were recited and advances in catalysts for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene were reviewed. The prospect of this kind of catalyst was also analyzed. Difference between domestic and abroad catalysts was put out. Suggest for developing of new catalyst was given in details.


Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly important for today's market and gained a lot of attentions both in academia and industry. IoT can be applied into wide range of application scenarios. In case of constrained environment, for communication, resource-constrained devices are expected to employ the lightweight mechanisms. In order to provide intelligent facilities for constrained IoT devices, energy efficient service discovery mechanism must be designed. In this paper, we address technologies related with constrained environment and provide comprehensive overview of lightweight discovery protocols.


This paper aims to investigate the scheduling and loading problems of tow trains for mixed-model assembly lines (MMALs). An in-plant milk-run delivery model has been formulated to minimize total line-side inventory for all stations over the planning horizon by specifying the departure time, parts quantity of each delivery and the destination station.,An immune clonal selection algorithm (ICSA) combined with neighborhood search (NS) and simulated annealing (SA) operators, which is called the NSICSA algorithm, is developed, possessing the global search ability of ICSA, the ability of SA for escaping local optimum and the deep search ability of NS to get better solutions.,The modifications have overcome the deficiency of insufficient local search and deepened the search depth of the original metaheuristic. Meanwhile, good approximate solutions are obtained in small-, medium- and large-scale instances. Furthermore, inventory peaks are in control according to computational results, proving the effectiveness of the mathematical model.,This study works out only if there is no breakdown of tow trains. The current work contributes to the in-plant milk-run delivery scheduling for MMALs, and it can be modified to deal with similar part feeding problems.,The capacity limit of line-side inventory for workstations as well as no stock-outs rules are taken into account, and the scheduling and loading problems are solved satisfactorily for the part distribution of MMALs.


rison's defiance caused him to issue his regular threat that eventual victims of any assault would have to "blame yourselves" (94) for any atrocities—a threat that served him well even if some consider it groundless. Moreover, his faith in the Lord led to an assault that sacrificed over a thousand men when he ordered them repeatedly into a killing field. Bennett details the many commanders promoted by Cromwell, making the case that Ireton and others needed to prove themselves before nepotistic patronage took place. Indeed, David Farr offers ample evidence that Ireton came into his own in Ireland and developed several key policies in contrast to those supported by Cromwell. It is clear the two worked well together, but left to his own devices in Ireland, Ireton had a different and much harsher view of the peace process and eventual settlement—a settlement that John Cunningham argues convincingly does not deserve the name "Cromwellian." Similarly, Heidi Coburn manages to show that transportation to the Indies was rarely supported by Cromwell and that many Irish chose the journey westwards voluntarily. James Scott Wheeler's welcome chapter on Cromwell and Ormond provides important new details on the relationship and relative success of each man. Ormond of course survived decades longer, but the policies of each man get much deserved attention here. Eamon Darcy relies on Irish poetry to demonstrate how closely the social memory of Cromwell adheres to bardic tropes used to condemn earlier invaders of Ireland. In the final chapter, Sarah Covington examines how folkloric memories of Cromwell long provided an alternative to the hero worship of Cromwell in some communities. The case for looking to folklore as a form of resistance with "remarkably consistent themes" (292) is surely one that historians should consider. In the end, Cromwell in Ireland does indeed offer important new perspectives. During his short time in Ireland, Cromwell left behind a legacy of massacres, dispossession, transplantation, as well as some of the few blots on his military reputation. Covington makes clear how folk tales about Cromwell helped people understand their past and informed ideas about the Victorian land wars and beyond. There are times when it feels like Cromwell is responsible for many positive things in Ireland while at the same time not responsible for actions taken under his command. Surely Cromwell's legacy in Ireland is a complicated one, and the nuanced insights offered here will go a long way to complicating interpretations, increasing understanding, and generating further debate. Students and scholars alike will find many new and provocative insights in this collection.


Constructions and results о f the experimental research of directional couplers based on semi-rigid coaxial series-produced transmission lines in 2….18 GHz frequency range are described. Couplers provide coupling from 3 to 20 dB with directivity up to 28 dB in one octave frequency range and accommodated for simultaneous decision of the tasks of energy branching and con-necting of separate microwave units in apparatus. Reference 2, figures 6.


A sparse beam pattern constraint could suppress the sidelobe of the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer. But the array gains of the practical beam pattern are not in standard sparse distribution but dense in the mainlobe and sparse in the sidelobes. To improve performance, while revising the sparse constraint only on the sidelobe, a total variation minimisation of the whole beam pattern is incorporated to encourage large array gains accumulated in the mainlobe and small trivial array gains gathered in the sidelobes. Simulations demonstrate that performance enhancement is considerable for its lower sidelobe level and deeper nulling for interference, while robustness against the steering angle mismatch is maintained.


The article gives an updated overview on global academic literature on international PR and on PR Master programs in English language within the UK, the US and Australia. It is conceived as an information for German academic and professionals as well as students and therefore available only in German language.


Air is an important factor in life and living. However, nowadays, in line with the development of industrial technology and transportation, air quality is also experiencing degradation caused by pollution in the cleanliness of the air, or as a result of a reaction to changes in the composition of normal air with pollutant substances (gas and dust particles) into it so that it interferes with the sustainability of the respiratory system. humans, animals and plants. Based on this, it is necessary to have a tool to monitor air quality. This study aims to create and develop an air quality monitoring tool using aerial drones. The tool is made using several sensors including the MiCS-6814 sensor to measure CO and NO2 gas, the MQ-135 sensor to measure SO2 gas, the GP2Y1010 sensor to measure the intensity of dust particulates, DHT-11 to measure temperature and humidity, and the ESP32 microcontroller to transmit data obtained to Blynk Apps via the internet. The results obtained, the MiCS6814 and MQ135 sensors did not catch any CO, NO2 and SO2 gas particulates in the air, the dust sensor got 46.31 ug/Nm3, and the DHT11 sensor got temperature of 27.1°C and a humidity of 46%.


Oxygen plasmas used for pattern transfer in multilevel lithography have been characterized over a range of plasma parameters such as power and pressure. Etch rates of silicon dioxide and representative silicon-containing and planarizing polymers are correlated with these plasma parameters. Plasma diagnostic measurements include DC self-bias voltage, ion flux and incident ion energy distributions. Measurement of ion energy distributions yields fundamental information about the etching process since Si02 sputter rates and oxygen ion implant depths are strong functions of ion energy.


As a non-destructive electrical diagnostic technique,frequency domain spectroscopy is quite applicable to field diagnosis of the state of transformer insulation.Considering the great hazard of water content to transformer oilpaper insulation system,the influences of water content on dielectric properties of mineral oil and different kinds of oil-impregnated papers,as well as comparison of dielectric properties for plain paper,insulation pressboard,and thermal upgraded paper with the same water content,are studied with the help of the Concept 80 broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurement system.Results show that the dielectric properties of mineral oil-paper samples are remarkably affected by water content.The DC conductivity of mineral oil increases exponentially with water content;at the frequency range of 10-3~10-1 Hz,the real part of complex permittivity for oil-impregnated paper increases linearly with moisture content.Therefore,with the help of dissipation factor(DC conductivity)of insulation oil,as well as the real part of complex permittivity of insulation papers,water content of transformer oil and oil-impregnated paper can be diagnosed,respectively.


In this study, an integrated multi-soil-layering and subsurface wastewater infiltration (MSL-SWI) system was developed for decentralized domestic sewage treatment under high hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). To improve sustainable nitrogen removal, the influence of intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater on the performance of MSL-SWI systems was investigated. The optimal performance—with removal efficiencies of 93.41% for chemical oxygen demand, 97.91% for total phosphorus, 74.02% for ammonia nitrogen, and 73.56% for total nitrogen—was achieved using both intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater under an HLR of 0.3 m3 m−2 d−1. The activity of microbial nitrogen functional genes (i.e., amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, and anammox 16S rRNA) and their relationships with nitrogen transformation rates were further analyzed in different layers of the system. The results imply that nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the MSL section coupled with nitrification and denitrification in the SWI section contribute to main the mechanisms of sustainable nitrogen removal. In summary, MSL-SWI systems not only operate with high efficiency under high HLRs, but the contaminant removal is also stable and sustainable, which are promising properties for domestic sewage treatment in areas where land resources are limited.


The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is reported to be between 4% and 20% and has been found in as many as onethird of patients at liver transplantation. The autopsy prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC is between 30% and 40%. Making a diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of PSC is difficult, and as a result the neoplasm is typically advanced at the time of diagnosis. Approximately two-thirds of patients have regional lymph node involvement when diagnosed, with the median survival being only 5 months. Those patients who are found to have incidental cholangiocarcinoma at liver transplantation have similar outcomes as those without cholangiocarcinoma. The inflammatory nature of PSC presents inherent difficulties in specimen procurement and cytologic interpretation, resulting in a low sensitivity of standard brush cytology. There is obvious benefit in diagnosing early malignant or premalignant change because this group could undergo curative living-related liver transplantation. In the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, Moff and colleagues evaluated the utility of biliary brushings in the detection of early malignant or premalignant change in a cohort of patients with PSC. The clinical features and outcomes of 47 patients who underwent 101 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) with biliary brushings over a 3-year period were evaluated. Brush cytology specimens were characterized as unsatisfactory, benign, or abnormal (marked and focal atypia). Patients with marked atypia were offered live-donor transplantation. At least one sample was abnormal in 15 of 47 patients, with 6 patients having marked atypia and 9 patients having focal atypia. Three of six patients (50%) with marked atypia underwent liver transplantation, with two of three patients having cholangiocarcinoma detected in the explant. Seven of the other nine patients in the group with focal atypia were doing well. Two patients underwent transplantation, one for marked atypia seen at another institution and one for decompensated cirrhosis. No evidence of cholangiocarcinoma was found in the latter patient, and unfortunately no details are available on the former patient's explant. Of the 31 patients with benign findings on cytology, 2 developed cholangiocarcinoma and 29 did not. The authors should be congratulated on taking on this difficult and challenging problem; as many as one in five patients with PSC will develop cholangiocarcinoma in their lifetimes. We are unable on the basis of factors such as duration of the disease and severity to identify which individuals are prone to developing cholangiocarcinoma. Many patients develop cholangiocarcinoma while awaiting transplantation. As is shown in this study, preemptive transplantation in all patients with PSC is not justifiable, although it may be reasonable in those thought to have early or premalignant disease because transplantation seems beneficial when cholangiocarcinoma is found incidentally. No accurate or reliable imaging or other modality exists that can predict who has, or is at high risk for developing, cholangiocarcinoma. This study evaluated bile duct brushings as a method of identifying patients with early malignancy. This group's endoscopic approach differed in several ways from standard practice; patients underwent ERCP as part of cancer screening and surveillance irrespective of


Reconfigurability and low complexity are the two key requirements of finite impulse response (FIR) filters employed in multi-standard wireless communication systems. In this paper, two new reconfigurable architectures of low complexity FIR filters are proposed, namely constant shifts method and programmable shifts method. The proposed FIR filter architecture is capable of operating for different word length filter coefficients without any overhead in the hardware circuitry. We show that dynamically reconfigurable filters can be efficiently implemented by using common sub-expression elimination algorithms. Process architecture has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA


In this paper, an algorithm for invisible watermarking of digital images has been proposed. This scheme provides self authentication and recovery of watermarked image. The tampered regions in an image, if any, are detected and the recovery of those altered regions are facilitated by the proposed scheme. Image authentication is performed in 4×4 sub-block level. Self recovery is accomplished through descriptors, which enable in reconstructing the altered regions with acceptable quality. The descriptor details corresponding to each region are spatially separated from region of impact. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) are employed for the transformations within the image for block based retrieval. The proposed algorithm is experimentally verified and the results are presented.


The results of systematic calculations of isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections to superallowed beta-decays based on the self-consistent isospin- and angular-momentum-projected nuclear density functional theory (DFT) are reviewed with an emphasis on theoretical uncertainties of the model. Extensions of the formalism towards no core shell model approach with basis cutoff scheme dictated by the self-consistent particle-hole DFT solutions will be also discussed.


To verify the molecular markers linked to the genic multiple-allele male-sterile gene Ms , an F 1 plant, which was generated by crossing the inbred line a20 and the male-sterile plant of the genic multipleallele male-sterile AB line, was backcrossed with an a20 plant to develop BC 4 and BC 5 populations. Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker syau_scr01 and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker syau_m13 , which were linked to Ms, exhibited polymorphism between the 2 parents. The accuracies of these 2 markers in determining the plant genotype was 85 and 91.7%, respectively. The accuracy reached 100% when the 2 markers were used in combination. These results indicate that these 2 markers can be applied in the marker-assisted selection of the genic multiple-allele male-sterile line of Chinese cabbage. Keywords: Chinese cabbage, genic multiple-allele male sterility, marker-assisted selection, simple sequence repeat, sequence-characterized amplified region African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(35), pp. 5623-5628, 30 August, 2010


The quantity of food that must be provided is being affected by the progressively deteriorating state of India's agricultural industry. Many Indian farmers have shifted their focus away from farming and into other industries. This research is useful because it evaluates alternative approaches to selecting crops, planting them, spotting weeds, and keeping tabs on the system. All of these factors add up to a productive output, but they are hampered by things like a lack of workers and unfavorable environmental conditions. This research looked at the system from multiple angles, primarily focusing on image processing, artificial intelligence,machine learning and the internet of things. The research includes a comparison of the current framework with its most up-to-date counterpart.


An efficient search algorithm is described for the location of equilibrium states in a search set of states which differ from one another only by the choice of pure phases. The algorithm has three important characteristics: (1) it ignores states which have little prospect for being an improved approximation to the true equilibrium state; (2) it avoids states which lead to singular iteration equations; (3) it furnishes a search history which can provide clues to alternative search paths.


This paper discusses the results of an investigation that has been carried out to improve the nano-hardness and tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using a filtered cathodic arc source with substrate pulse biasing. The filtered cathodic arc source generated highly ionized carbon plasma and ions were accelerated towards the substrate by the negative substrate pulse voltage. Graphitization, nano-hardness and wear rate of the modified surfaces were systematically studied as a function of pulse voltage (from 3 kV to 12 kV) and implantation time (from 1 min to 20 min). Graphitization of the modified surfaces was observed using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopes. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed heavy structural damage to the surface of the UHMWPE at increasing pulse voltages. The nano-hardness of the UHMWPE surface, measured at an applied load of 100 AN, was increased from 0.35 GPa to 1.6 GPa when implanted with carbon at a pulse voltage of 10 kV for an implantation time of 12 min (ion dose about 1.73 10 atoms/ cm). The wear test was carried out using a pin on disk tribometer with an applied load of 1 N for 1000 cycles, and showed a reduction in wear rate from 67.5 10 5 mm/Nm to 16.5 10 5 mm/Nm when a virgin UHMWPE was compared to a sample implanted with carbon at 5 kV for 10 min. The mechanisms underlying the improved surface properties of the carbon-implanted UHMWPE were discussed. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: Plasma applications; Material processing 52.75 R; 81.65


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of polysccharide on sodium nitroprusside-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. METHODS: PC12 cells were cultured and divided into control,damage,PSS(50,100,150 μg·mL-1) and nimodipine groups. The cell survival was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of LDH,MDA,SOD,Ca2+i and the caspase-3 activity were determined as well. RESULTS: Compared with the damage group,PSS could significantly reduce cell death rate,lower the efflux of LDH and production of MDA,increase SOD activity,lower the activities of intracellular Ca2+i and caspase-3 activity,and inhibit apoptosis of PC12 cells. CONCLUSION: The remarkable protective effect of PSS on sodium nitroprusside-induced damage of PC12 cells is possibly related to its antagonistic action on intracellular calcium accumulation and anti-peroxidation of lipid.


The invention relates to a monopulse antenna source focalisante.La source comprises at least two waveguides (41, 42) machined in the metal sole plate (25) supporting the transmitting circuit and receiving microwave (23, 49, 50 , 53, 54, 55, 56, 57) of the antenna (2, 3, 11) .Use including primary sources for radars operating in the millimeter wave.


We prove the $W^{1,2}_{p}$-solvability of second order parabolic equations in nondivergence form in the whole space for $p\in (1,\infty)$. The leading coefficients are assumed to be measurable in one spatial direction and have vanishing mean oscillation (VMO) in the orthogonal directions and the time variable in each small parabolic cylinder with the direction depending on the cylinder. This extends a recent result by Krylov [17] for elliptic equations and removes the restriction that $p>2$.


In the article the questions of study of personality orientation are examined at the feasance of illegal actions of a person, in the case of setting and leading through the judicialpsychological examinations (tests).


The present invention, a first conductor provided in a groove provided in the insulating layer, wherein the step of planarizing the insulating layer and the first conductor, said insulating layer and on the planarized upper surface of the first conductor method for preparing and forming a material layer, planarizing the upper portion of said material layer, a part of the memory cell including the Preserve step lower portions of the material layer on the insulating layer and the first conductor I will provide a.


It has been shown that the systemic effects of radiation are dependent, not only on the physical integral dose, but also on the anatomical zone treated. For an adequate description of these effects, one has to take into account the average tissue dose, the treated mass, the relative biological efficiency (η) of the radiation, the specific radiosensitivity (ρ) of the zone treated, and the body weight. A formula relating these factors is suggested. The median lethal doses for rats treated through various fields were estimated and compared by means of an experimental technique whereby sufficient information for this purpose could be obtained with the minimal wastage of animals. From these data it appears that the abdomen has a specific sensitivity 1·47 times greater than the average for the body as a whole. This factor will have to be taken into account in any attempt at radiotherapy of abdominal cancer.


This paper treats the convergence condition of the explicit finite element method (i.e. the time and spatial axes are discretized by using the explicit finite difference method and the weighted residual method, respectively) which is applied for analyzing the heat problem in region with complex boundary configuration and also with several material properties. The main role of this study is the application of the Brauer's theorem. As the results we obtain that the usage of the Brauer's theorem is valid and that the application method of the theorem is presented in this paper.


To explore the effect of two different latent curing agents on the performance of anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA), two adhesive with different latent curing agents (ACA1 and ACA2) were prepared and flexible radio frequency identification (RFID) tag inlays were assembled with them through flip chip technology. Curing profile and thermal stability of the pastes, microstructures and the bonding strength of ACA bonding joints, room temperature and hot humidity storage capacity of inlays were studied. It was found that the type of curing agent had much effect on the performance of ACAs. The ACA using B as the latent curing agent (ACA2) had lower curing peak temperature although it had lower Tg and smaller curing rate than the former (ACA1). After it cured there was less air bubbles in the resin. And it had better bonding strength and anti hot-humidity capacity than the former from other tests. This was important to the reliability of product. Thus, as a whole, latent curing agent B is more suitable to prepare the paste to assemble the flexible RFID tag inlays.


Microneedles are a modestly invasive technique that gained mass popularity, and is utilized to break the top skin layer into tiny holes which self regenerate and rejuvenate the skin and facilitate the delivery of certain nutrients, proteins, drugs, antiageing, products and vitamins on the skin surface and underneath in the form of mesotherapy, being a form of controlled intradermal (transdermal drug absorption) applications. It has been an extensively researched topic in the field of cosmetology and aesthetic dermatology and has grabbed great attention all over the world. It stimulates elastin and collagen production through a controlled cascade of inflammation initiation, and then followed by production and remodeling of collagen and elastin the skin dermis. Eventually it helps in thickening of the skin, improving its texture and appearance and by combating skin aging process.


Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of renal masses. Material and methods The clinical data of ten patients (14 tumors) treated with CT-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with MWA from January 2017 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up for 2–33 months. The outcomes were evaluated with plain and contrast spiral CT scans. Renal function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results No severe MWA-related complication was observed. All the tumors were successfully ablated. There was no imaging evidence of local residual tumor, local tumor recurrence, or disease progression during the follow-up period. Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with MWA might be an effective option for the diagnosis and treatment of renal masses in selected patients.


Abstract : A tradespace assessment and planned optimization of clothing ensembles is underway to assess risks specific to operational regions. The intent of this report is to model one aspect of these regional-specific risks, by modeling thermal strain. Twenty clothing ensembles were tested for thermal and evaporative resistances according to American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards using a sweating thermal manikin. Of the 20 ensembles tested, five subgroups were assessed based on similar types; 1) baseline ensembles, 2) undergarments vs. no undergarments, 3) Army Combat Shirt (ACS)-based, 4) Army Combat Uniform (ACU)-based, and 5) increased sizing. Thermal strain was modeled for each of the ensembles based on biophysical measurements within three environmental conditions (hot / dry, hot / humid, and temperate). Potential concepts for tradespace assessments related to clothing ensembles were discussed and outlined.


In the mononuclear title compound, [Ni(CH3COO)2(C6H6N2O)2], the NiII atom is coordinated by two pyridine-2-aldoxime (PaoH) ligands and two acetate groups, with cis coordination for the pairs of identical ligands. While each acetate group binds to the NiII atom by one O atom, each PaoH chelates the NiII atom through two N atoms. The O atom on PaoH is not deprotonated and does not participate in bonding to the NiII atom. Thus, the NiII atom exhibits an octahedral environment. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions and intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions are present in the structure. Adjacent molecules pack along [100] through van der Waals forces.


Background: Reports on the evaluation of immune responses to different COVID 19 vaccines are limited. Similarly, effects of age and gender have not been well explored as variables that could impact on the vaccine-induced antibody response. Therefore, seroprevalence of anti SARS CoV 2 specific antibodies in vaccinated and vaccine naive adult Nigerians was determined in this study. Methodology: A total of 141 adults were enrolled into this study. Presence or absence of SARS CoV 2 infection was confirmed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens. Anti SARS CoV 2 Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were qualitatively detected using a Rapid Diagnostic Test kit. Results: Pre vaccination, 77% of the study participants had never had PCR confirmed COVID-19 test yet 66.7% of them were seropositive for SARS CoV 2 antibodies. Of 111 COVID-19 vaccinated participants, 69.2% and 73.8% of them had SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG post-first and second doses of COVID 19 vaccine respectively. However, 23.1% and 21.4% of the participants who have had first and second doses respectively had no detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was insignificantly higher in those between the ages of 18 to 40 years and 41 to 59 years compared with individuals aged 60 years and above. No significant association was observed between gender and seropositivity for SARS CoV 2 antibodies. Conclusion: There is high SARS CoV 2 antibody seroprevalence among Nigerian adults who never had PCR-confirmed COVID 19. Also, there is the need for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies screening post vaccination as this could be essential in achieving herd immunity. Age and gender do not seem to have significant association with seropositivity.


Professional psychotherapeutic intervention programs for bereaved individuals are not highly effective. We explore the range of possible reasons for this, based on arguments made in the literature and on further key considerations that have so far been neglected. Limited efficacy may be due to inclusion of bereaved individuals who do not need help; inappropriate types of intervention; inadequate quantity (too much or too little); or incorrect timing of the intervention (too soon or too late). Accordingly, we propose that effective intervention will require (1) motivated bereaved persons, (2) identifying and working on processes that cause or maintain the difficulties presented by the bereaved person, and (3) flexibility on the part of the therapist. We describe a number of processes underlying the difficulties encountered by bereaved people, which need consideration in therapy. In addition to these process-focused interventions, working on the therapeutic relationship will be a fundamental factor in helping bereaved individuals cope with their difficult grief.


A dynamic logistic model, based on High Level Petri Nets, was generated to aid the planning of potroom activities, potroom traffic and logistic equipment needed for a smelter expansion project. This model includes all relevant pot-tending operations, such as anode changing with cavity cleaning and covering, metal tapping, alumina feeding, beam raising, bath tapping, pot stoppage and start-up, gantry transfer and crane maintenance exchange. The workflow and traffic patterns in the smelter were simulated to analyze equipment utilization and bottlenecks. The rule-driven model incorporated such features as operation scheduling, collision detection as well as the entire material handling process. Pointers for the optimization of the potroom layout, e.g. the consequences of an additional passageway, could therefore be deduced. This discrete event simulation predicts the capacity utilization of logistic equipment, like cranes and service vehicles. A visualization tool provides a dynamic follow-up to all simulated procedures and traffic activities of the model.


Normally a multicast network consists of a single tree, in which only a few internal nodes contribute most resources and are involved in performing the multicast functionality. This leads to an uneven and inefficient utilization of network resources. The problem is more pronounced in mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs), where network resources are limited. One solution is to split the multicast content over a number of trees. This provides several paths for the multicast content and would involve more nodes in implementing multicast functionality. Although this approach improves network utilization, overall multicast latency increases. The above method not only used for multicast content sharing but secure transmission of key information also. This paper presents a distributed algorithm to construct multiple edge-sharing trees (MESTs) for small group multicast. MESTs balance the resource allocation and delay constraints by choosing to overlap certain edges that have low weight. Using MEST trees we can transmit key updation information as well as contents. Simulation results show that MESTs can generate multicast networks that have low delays and fair resource utilization with perfect secrecy. MESTs are designed to work with any form of multicast in both wired and wireless networks.


The most common structural rearrangements of the Y chromosome result in the production of dicentrics. In this work, we analyze an abnormal Y chromosome, detected as a mosaic in an azoospermic male ascertained for infertility. FISH with seven different DNA probes specific for Y chromosome sequences (Y α‐satellite, Y α‐satellite III, non‐α‐satellite centromeric Y, SRY gene, subtelomeric Yp, subtelomeric Yq, and PNA‐tel) and CGH analysis were performed. FISH results showed that the abnormal Y chromosome was a dicentric Yq isochromosome and that the breakpoint was distally in band Yp11.32. Lymphocyte chromosomes showed a mosaicism with 46,X,idicY(qter→p11.32::p11.32→qter) (51.7%), 46,XY (45.6%), and other cell lines (2.7%). In oral interphase cells, the mosaicism was 46,XidicY (62.8%), 46,XY (25.7%), 45,X (6.6%), and others (4.9%). The possible origin of this dicentric Yq isochromosome is discussed. Finally, we compare differences in mosaicism and phenotype among three reported cases with the breakpoint at Yp11.32 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


has applied a set of basic principles from the molecular level in individual cells to regional and global ecosystems. Jim Elser's work is centered in limnology and ecology, but he has creatively extended ecological stoichiometric ideas to areas as far reaching as understanding human nutrition and the development of cancer. His research is synonymous with innovative experimental design and discovery. As one colleague observed, Elser "has great curiosity and enormous talent for science." A rich diversity of topics characterizes Jim's publications: nutrient limitation of algae, of bacteria, of zooplankton; cascading trophic interactions; comparative ecology of freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems; evolution of life history traits in zooplankton; benthic ecology in streams and lakes; effects of global change and eutrophication on aquatic food webs; cyanobacteria blooms; consumer-driven nutrient recycling; stromatolites and the Cambrian explosion; genetics and ecophysiology of RNA production. Regarding such breadth one observer noted: "A striking feature with his [J. Elser's] scientific merits is his innovative thinking and the ability to link processes 'from genes to ecosystems.' " Jim is a superb example of an integrative thinker with a vision unlimited by disciplinary boundaries. Elser's distinguished publication record includes papers in leading scientific journals, but also in Foreign Policy on the science and policy implications of phosphorus use and limitation in human systems. This research bridges the gap between scientists, non-scientists, and policymakers bringing international attention to phosphorus limitation as it applies to agriculture, run-off in streams and coastal areas, as well as wastewater reclamation. Jim Elser integrates research and teaching while mentoring the next generation of aquatic and terrestrial ecologists. He has guided many undergraduate and graduate students as well as postdoctoral associates in his laboratory. Jim's many accomplishments of course confer a stature that for some faculty members would lead to avoiding large undergraduate courses in favor of smaller upper-division undergraduate courses and graduate seminars. But this is not Jim Elser's style. He is a role model for junior and senior colleagues as he regularly and enthusiastically teaches introductory biology for non-majors. By now he has taught an estimated 10,000 students in a way that makes a difference in their ability to reason carefully and understand the natural world. In recognition of his many accomplishments in research, teaching, and service Jim holds Arizona State University appointments as both a Regents' Professor and a President's Professor, the latter recognizing truly exceptional contributions to teaching. Holding both professorships is a rare accomplishment on our campus. Professor Elser is an innovative, broad thinker whose ideas are changing biology by adapting, modifying, and creating theory to explain a broad range of phenomena. Ecological stoichiometry has the potential to be among a handful of unifying theories in biology as a result of the rigor and imagination Jim brings to his research. His drive to expand scientific collaborations beyond institutional boundaries and scholarly silos results in novel approaches to long-standing scientific questions while providing fertile ground for the questing intellect of the next generation of researchers and citizen scientists. James J. Elser deserves this year's G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award for work already completed, promise of work to come, and the living legacy that Jim is building through sustained and generous investment in his research, colleagues, and students.


theories in general, and psychomechanics in particular, with its essentially binary model, struggle to account for bare nouns within the larger system of the articles. Though the term 'zero article' is commonly found in the literature, there is hardly a consensus over its meaning. When dealing with French, where bare nouns remain marginal, one observes a fault line between one theoretical posture meaning to integrate it within the system of the article and another rejecting its existence altogether. In English, where bare nouns are much more frequent, the theory struggles with a multiplicity of different uses which are difficult to bring together under a single phenomenon. However, close inspection of the occurrences in the corpus makes it possible to suggest, in keeping with psychomechanics, a model where there is a coexistence of an absence of any determiner on the one hand and, on the other, a zero article which may be shown to signify a genuine operation of determination, defined as a transition of the noun from tongue to discourse resulting in its ability to refer.


SUMMARY Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere of the Iberian peninsula was estimated from a coherence analysis of topography and gravity spectra, for which a multitaper technique was used. Coherence estimates provide an average Te value of 17 ± 4 km. To verify the Te derived from the spectral analysis, we compare it to independent Te estimates from strength envelopes constructed for some tectonic units located at the interior of the Iberian peninsula. We obtain Te values ranging from 10 to 25 km. These values are consistent with coherence results. Tectonic evolution of the area involved an Early Mesozoic rifting (Late Permian—Early Cretaceous) and a subsequent period of compression. Present morphotectonic units result from Alpine deformation events (mainly Neogene). No widespread volcanism activity or/and high heat flow values have been reported to have occurred during intraplate domain deformation. The Iberian lithosphere response to loading primarily reflects its pre-existing inherited mechanical structure, which has remained thermally relatively unperturbed.


Research shows that generating new knowledge is accomplished via natural human means: mental insights, scientific inquiry process, sensing, actions, and experiences, while context is information which characterizes the knowledge and gives it meaning. Transdisciplinary research literature clearly argues for development of strategies that transcend any one given discipline and that enhance research collaboration. A new framework, coined Recombinant kNowledge Assimilation (RNA), was constructed in this research. The framework was successfully applied recursively to abstracts from research manuscripts. Using RNA, disciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge components and context were systematically discovered creating a mechanism to interact with dynamically changing research knowledge and assimilating it to form explicit new knowledge while simultaneously retaining the causal pedigree captured during manuscript processing.


Vascular diseases of a brain because of their high abundance and serious consequences for health of the population are the major medical and social problem. For the last decades the medical community began to give much more attention to the prevention of strokes. Solutions of the problem can be various. They depend on some local climate and geographical features of the region. To correct the negative influence of a climate-and-meteorological factor on stroke development, for more detailed research of climate and meteorological factors influence nature on emergence and development of vascular diseases of a brain, the effectiveness of seasonal prophylaxis is studied with drug application – Cytophlavin.


False data injection (FDI) attacks intend to threaten the security of power systems. In this paper, a novel strategy of FDI attacks is proposed, which aims to distort normal operation of a power system regulated by automatic voltage controls (AVCs). Such attacks can be launched from a single substation by the attacker who has little knowledge of the whole power grid. The optimal attack strategy is modeled as a partial observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Then, a  $\mathcal {Q}$ -learning algorithm with nearest sequence memory is adopted to enable on-line learning and attacking. Stealthy attack strategies are also developed and incorporated into the POMDP model. Various tests are performed upon the IEEE 39-bus systems. Corresponding results verify the efficacy of the proposed attack strategies. The feasibility of independent and data-driven FDI attacks is investigated. Moreover, a bad data detection and correction method are presented based on kernel density estimation to mitigate the disruptive impacts of the proposed FDI attacks. Test results show that this defensive method can help maintain the security of the AVC system, even under heavy system loading.


The eigenvalue problem for a circular plate with an attached mass is considered. The receptance method and the finite element method are both used to solve the problem. The eigenvalue equation obtained with the receptance method allows for both numerical and asymptotic solutions. By means of the method of a small disturbance, the simple formulas for eigenvalues are evaluated and the accuracy of these formulas is estimated. The asymptotic formulas describe the influence of the attached mass, the stiffness of a spring and damping on eigenvalues. The results of the computations show that eigenvalues obtained with the different methods show good agreement.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Failure to recognize and treat clinical deterioration remains a source of serious preventable harm for hospitalized patients. We designed a system to identify, mitigate, and escalate patient risk by using principles of high-reliability organizations. We hypothesized that our novel care system would decrease transfers determined to be unrecognized situation awareness failures events (UNSAFE). These were defined as any transfer from an acute care floor to an ICU where the patient received intubation, inotropes, or $3 fluid boluses in first hour after arrival or before transfer. METHODS: The setting for our observational time series study was a quaternary care children's hospital. Before initiating tests of change, 2 investigators reviewed recent serious safety events (SSEs) and floor-to-ICU transfers. Collectively, 5 risk factors were associated with each event: family concerns, high-risk therapies, presence of an elevated early warning score, watcher/clinician gut feeling, and communication concerns. Using the model for improvement, an intervention was developed and tested to reliably and proactively identify patient risk and mitigate that risk through unit-based huddles. A 3-times daily inpatient huddle was added to ensure risks were escalated and addressed. Later, a "robust" and explicit plan for at-risk patients was developed and spread. RESULTS: The rate of UNSAFE transfers per 10 000 non-ICU inpatient days was significantly reduced from 4.4 to 2.4 over the study period. The days between inpatient SSEs also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: A reliable system to identify, mitigate, and escalate risk was associated with a near 50% reduction in UNSAFE transfers and SSEs. Pediatrics 2013;131:e298–e308 AUTHORS: Patrick W. Brady, MD, MSc,ab Stephen Muething, MD,a,b Uma Kotagal, MBBS, MSc,b Marshall Ashby, MHA, MBA,b Regan Gallagher, MSN,e Dawn Hall, BSN, MHA,e Marty Goodfriend, BSN, MEd,de Christine White, MD, MAT,a Tracey M. Bracke, MS,b Victoria DeCastro, MSN, MBA,e Maria Geiser, BSN, Jodi Simon, MHA,f Karen M. Tucker, MSN, RN,e Jason Olivea, MS, MPA,b Patrick H. Conway, MD, MSc,ag and Derek S. Wheeler, MDbc Divisions of aHospital Medicine, cCritical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and dFamily Relations, bThe James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, eDepartment of Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; fDivision of Quality Services, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio; and gCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of Clinical Standards and Quality, Baltimore, Maryland


This study is aimed at determining the degree of awareness of the students, in the faculty of engineering, Qassim University, regarding "Meta-cognition" knowledge about testtaking., preparation and submission of exams. A sample of two hundred (200) students was selected randomly from all levels in all the departments – Civil, Electrical and Mechanical of the college. The sample also included the students having high, medium and low grades. The researcher applied a questionnaire of Metacognitive thinking concerning skills for preparing and setting of tests on the sample. The overall results of the study showed that the average awareness of meta-cognitive thinking skills of the students was 63.2 out of 108. There was statistically significant difference between civil students and other departments. The significant statistical difference was attributed to cumulative average for high achievers. The study also revealed that the students in the higher levels possess higher awareness of meta-cognition skills regarding submission and preparation of the exams as compared to the low level students.


This article highlights cassava or manioc flour as the main work activity and food reference for rural workers in the administrative area of Paranagua during the second half of the 19th century. From the analysis of a corpus of inventories post-mortem of the period 1849-1887, it is possible to affirm and describe a rural way of life which was almost entirely devoted to the cultivation of cassava flour.


A common offering among undergraduate institutions is an intensive summer research program, which allows students to complete a project independently without any other academic obligations. These programs are designed to foster useful skills, valuable relationships, and scholarly work. Ursinus College, a small liberal arts college in Pennsylvania, has such a program: Summer Fellows. With colleges attempting to appeal to a decreasing number of high-achieving applicants, student desire to pursue intellectual interests, and employers looking for skilled job candidates, it is worthwhile to examine the perceived efficacy of this program. This paper utilizes the perspectives of alumni reflecting on what they gained from Summer Fellows now that they have entered the professional world. The benefits they described include skills, dispositions, and social relationships that are developed by utilizing the resources provided to overcome the uncomfortable nature of the process of finishing a sound, scholarly project. These benefits are categorized as a form of social, cultural, or symbolic capital, which is accumulated throughout the program and then translated from the academic setting of Summer Fellows into various professional fields. This paper is not about whether the program works, but about how alumni (and students) perceive the program's impact on their professional lives.


The 3-parameter generalized Gamma distribution (GG3) is very versatile for life distributions. Basic properties of GG3 are reviewed here, together with the major available inferential work on its parameters. Original results are presented on the hazard rate of GG3 and on its stress-strength model. >


High frequency response cartridge valves are widely used in high flow speed control systems that require high frequency response.The working principle of 2-and 3-way high frequency response cartridge valves is presented and a nonlinear dynamic model of the cartridge valves is then built based on the theory of power bond graphs.The comparison of the output of the model with the experimental data shows that the model can describe the dynamics of the valves well.


An adaptive controller design scheme is proposed for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties based on the block control principle. The controller is designed using backstepping control techniques and RBF neural networks. By introducing a modified Lyapunov function, the possible control singularity problem is avoided under the condition that the control function matrices are unknown. All the signals of the system are bounded and exponentially converge to the neighborhood of the origin globally. Finally, simulation studies are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


OBJECTIVE To study the expression of the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and total IgE in Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection and bronchial asthma,and to analyze its relation with disease severity.METHODS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to measure the level TNF-α and radioimmunoassay(RIA) to measure IgE in 42 children patients with asthma and MP infection as a test group,and 36 healthy children as a control group.RESULTS Among patients with asthma and MP infection TNF-α [(37.96±9.76)μg/L] and IgE [(310.57±30.39) mg/ml] had a significantly higher level than control group [(16.39±6.87)μg/L and (201.50±16.98)mg/ml],the statistical differences were significant(t=11.23;t=19.56 P0.01).CONCLUSIONS TNF-α may play a role in asthma with MP infection pathogenesis.Detection of the level of TNF-α and total IgE as one of the reference indices to diagnose and judge the prognosis of asthmatic children suffered by MP and judge the severity of disease.


This study purposes to conduct visual feedback and body posture control training on stroke patients with pusher syndrome in order to reduce their pusher syndrome. This study also examines changes resulting from the training and applies the guidelines necessary for documentation of patient/customer m...


We study the space-and-time automaton-complexity of two related problems concerning the cycle length of a periodic stream of input bits. One problem is to find the exact cycle length of a periodic stream of input bits provided that the cycle length is bounded by a known parameter n. The other problem is to find a large number k that divides the cycle length. By "large" we mean that there is an unbounded increasing function fn, such that either k is greater than fn or k is the exact cycle length.

Our main results include that finding a large divisor of the cycle length can be solved in deterministic linear TIME and sub-linear SPACE, whereas finding the exact cycle length cannot be solved in deterministic TIME × SPACE smaller than a constant times n squared. Results involving probabilistic automata and applications to rate-distortion theory and repeated games are also discussed.


quite microcrystals nanocrystals crystals useless conventional X-ray diffraction experiments. Recently, microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) combined crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) into a method that can be used for high-resolution structure determination. Since electrons interact strongly with matter and are less damaging per scattering event, electron diffraction can produce high-resolution data from crystals that are an order of magnitude smaller. Compared to the traditional synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser, the microED method is much easier to access and has similar throughput. During rotation of the 3D nanocrystal in a high-energy electron beam the diffracted signal is recorded on the electron detector in a same manner as done for X-ray crystallography. Direct electron detectors and energy filters have shown to improve the data quality and the resolution significantly with single particle analysis and cryo-electron tomography. This is because of the improved camera DQE and the removal of inelastically scattered electrons. Here we will show the use of Falcon 4(i) to achieve electron diffraction at atomic resolution using proteins and small molecule crystals. Surprisingly, Falcon 4 can still be used in counting mode, despite the high electron flux in the diffraction spots.


This chapter describes the stability of Austrian olivine under model conditions, resembling those in a gasifier. Powder samples were heated to 750 ◦C and exposed to oxidizing (O2, H2O, CO2) or reducing gases (CO, H2) or mixtures thereof. Significant changes in phase composition of the material, depending on the gas composition and the duration of the treatments, were found using XPS, XRD, XAS and SEM. A large fraction of the iron in the investigated material is present as free Fe-phases, which are sensitive to changes in the gas environment. After exposure to oxidizing gases the free Fe phases are: Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 or MgFe2O4. Upon exposure to reducing gases, the iron oxides are converted into Fe0 and Fe3C and formation of graphitic carbon is observed. In addition, the elemental composition of the surface changes dramatically depending on the gas composition. After exposure to oxidizing environments, the amount of Fe at the surface is twice as high as after reduction. The reduction of the iron oxides upon switching from oxidizing to reducing conditions shows that olivine transports oxygen from the combustor into the gasifier. Finally, both the decreasing amount of surface-Fe and the carbon deposition observed after exposing olivine to reducing conditions can result in significant catalyst deactivation. The contents of this chapter have been published as: Hans O.A. Fredriksson, Remco J. Lancee, Peter C. Thüne, Hubert J. Veringa and J.W. (Hans) Niemantsverdriet: Olivine as tar removal catalyst in biomass gasification: Catalyst dynamics under model conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 130–131 (2013) 168–177.


Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards in the world. Understanding the changes in rainfall erosivity (RE) and erosivity density (ED), as well as their affecting factors, at local and catchment scales in the context of climate warming is an important prerequisite of soil erosion prevention and soil loss risk assessment. The present study identified the variability and trends of RE and ED in terms of both time and space in the Ganjiang River catchment over the period of 1960–2012, and also analyzed and discussed the impact of climate change. The results show that RE and ED in the catchment had great monthly variations and high year-to-year variability. Both presented long-term increasing trends over the entire study period. The highest RE and ED were observed in June and in the eastern and northeast parts of the catchment, which indicated that June was the most susceptible month for soil erosion in this area and the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River was the riskiest area for soil erosion. Finally, the East Asian summer monsoon and climate change were highly correlated with changes in RE and ED.


We evaluate the ECB's monetary policy strategy against the underlying economic structure of the euro area economy, in normal times and in times of severe financial dislocations. We show that in the years preceding the financial crisis that started in 2007 the ECB's strategy was successful at ensuring macroeconomic stability and steady growth. Emphasis on monetary indicators in the policy process – the monetary pillar of the ECB's monetary policy strategy – was instrumental in avoiding more volatile and less predictable patterns of inflation and output growth. After the collapse of financial intermediation in late 2008, the strategy of the ECB was to preserve the integrity of the monetary policy transmission mechanism by adopting a comprehensive package of non-standard policy measures. The liquidity interventions decided in October 2008 and in May 2009 were critical to preserving price stability and forestalling a more disruptive collapse of the macroeconomy.


With the rise of consumer electronics in the recent years, the market has grown increasingly competitive and design, rather than functionality, has become a more dominant factor in a product's success. As people rely on technology now more than ever before in their everyday life, it is essential for engineers to understand the psychology of the users in their design process. This paper provides a quick look at some of the successful products and their application of psychology in engineering and industrial design, and also compares them to a few poor designs to show the importance of such application.


Mimosa pudica is a medicinal plant worthy of therapeutic properties. It is often overlooked as one of the weed species, and the potential was underappreciated despite its abundance in nature, particularly in tropical climate countries. Considering the aptitude of this species, the micropropagation protocol of M. pudica was revisited and enhanced. The seed surface sterilization and germination were assessed, followed by shoot multiplication rate and root initiation efficiency. Seeds of M. pudica were best surface sterilized with 35% of Clorox and recorded the highest germination rate at 65.55% in media of three-quarter strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) combined with 30 g of sucrose. The explants were harvested and subcultured into multiplication media fortified with 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, and coconut water. The highest number of new shoots and leaves were obtained at 3 shoots and 3.27 cm in media of MS combined with 17.6 μm kinetin. Half-strength MS media devoid of hormone was recommended for root induction, resulting in the 5 healthy roots at 2.06 cm after 4 weeks of culture. Overall, the developed micropropagation protocol of M. pudica could facilitate its large-scale cultivation, indicating its potential as a medicinal crop for the extraction of bioactive compounds.

http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika PAPERS/JTAS Vol. 46 (2) May. 2023/12 JTAS-2602-2022.pdf


Malnutrition is frequently undetected in care homes. It is recommended that residents are screened on admission and at suitable intervals thereafter. It is aimed to implement the 'Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool' ('MUST') in all care homes in Norfolk in order to fulfil this recommendation. Following a pilot of successful (but time-consuming) 'MUST' training a train-the-trainer package was developed as a practical way of achieving this goal. Courses were held in 2007, each comprising a study day and an assessment of each trainer delivering training. Trainers were provided with a dossier of training support materials. Data were collected at the study day and 3 months after the course to evaluate its effectiveness. Sixty-seven trainers were trained, all of whom rated the course as effective in preparing them to deliver training. At their assessments 96% were able to explain 'MUST' accurately. Of the new trainers 44% returned follow-up questionnaires and copies of sample care plans. The majority of care plans showed 'MUST' scores had been calculated accurately and appropriate nutrition care plans had been set up and evaluated. The train-the-trainer model is an effective method of training large numbers of care-home staff to use 'MUST'. One of the unexpected benefits observed was the ownership taken by the trainers, which was demonstrated by the enthusiasm and confidence with which they subsequently trained their colleagues.


Recently, embedded environment suffers a huge change, by growth of hardware and turning to be software-controlled. This has improved embedded software complexity. It also brought us the limit of the old development way to resolve the problem. Model-driven development is one solution to solve the limit common software development by previous way, and it became a one uses for embedded environment also. In this paper, we propose model based development approach for embedded software, witch consists of diagram editor and automatic code generator. The diagram editors are implemented by GMF, which include additional functions to solve memory restrictions and concurrent execution problems without OS environment to a automatic code generator. In order to verify the generated code, it will be tested in main control model of UAV by replacing existing module with generated one.