Functionally graded materials (FGM) which are formed according to a specific volumetric distribution function have an important place in the production of materials resistant to high temperature applications. Depending on the objective function, it is very important to determine the volumetric distribution in order to provide important features such as maximum operating performance, structural variations and safe stress values in FGM. Numerical analysis methods are used to determine the volumetric distribution and to test the appropriate volumetric distribution. In this study, volumetric distribution models were created for the equivalent stress levels which are the most important parameter in determining the thermo-mechanical behavior of two-dimensional functionally graded plates in heat flux by finite difference method. These models were obtained by two different training algorithms in artificial neural network (ANN). These training algorithms are Levenberg-Marquart and Gradient Descent Backpropagation algorithm. While it takes 1800 s to determine n and m values in numerical analysis by finite difference method, this time is 900 s with an artificial neural network model and productivity increases significantly. It is important that used training algorithms are informative for scientific studies in terms of work-time-performance values. The proposed training models will guide researchers in achieving optimum volumetric distribution in both production and theoretical studies


Levels of nine metals (Ag, Al, As, Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Sr and Pb) were determined in the scalp hair of industrially exposed male population of Karachi, Pakistan. These levels are compared with those of non‐exposed population so as to ascertain the current status of environmental pollution and the extent of occupational exposure. A comparison is also made between metal levels of washed and unwashed hair samples. For industrially exposed population the maximum level was observed for Pb(34.6 μg/g), followed by Al(17.2 μg/g) and Ni(10.1 μg/g). Statistical analysis showed that the levels of industrial metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Ag) were higher in case of industrially exposed population. The age‐wise distribution of heavy metals in the hair of exposed population showed that Ag and Ni levels increased distinctly with increasing age. The regression analysis showed fractional slope values indicating the concentrations of the metals in the hair of exposed population sector substantially exceeding those from the urban s...


We consider the Courtade-Kumar most informative Boolean function conjecture for balanced functions, as well as a conjecture by Li and Médard that dictatorship functions also maximize the Lα norm of Tpf for 1 ≤ α ≤ 2 where Tp is the noise operator and f is a balanced Boolean function. By using a result due to Laguerre from the 1880's, we are able to bound how many times an Lα-norm related quantity can cross zero as a function of α, and show that these two conjectures are essentially equivalent.


BACKGROUND Chronic nonhealing wounds are a major complication for many veterans. Particularly at risk are veterans with reduced mobility, such as those who have suffered a spinal cord injury (SCI). Chronic wounds cause significant suffering, including profound negative effects on general physical health, socialization, financial status, body image, level of independence, and control. For individuals with SCI, the development of a pressure ulcer is one of the leading causes of readmission to the hospital after acute rehabilitation and a major source of morbidity and even mortality. The management of chronic wounds is also extremely costly for clinical facilities, from the acute care setting to long-term care. Many clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for wound care are currently being issued with the overall goal of reducing the incidence and prevalence of this significant healthcare complication. CPGs have the potential to improve the standard of care for chronic wounds and decrease associated costs. A wealth of basic science and early clinical trials are being carried out in the field of chronic wound care research. However, there remains a disconnect between early stage research efforts and implementation as routine clinical practice in the care of veterans with chronic wounds. The 2nd International Conference on Evidence Based Practice in Wound Care: The Effective Implementation of Pressure Ulcer Clinical Practice Guidelines was held in Cleveland, Ohio, in June 2009 [1]. This program was designed for the many specialties involved in the interdisciplinary field of wound care research. The focus of the conference was on topics related to the effective selection and implementation of evidence-based CPGs. Over 150 attendees were provided with educational tools to enable them to effectively implement evidence-based practice approaches to pressure ulcer care. While many felt that they were familiar with CPGs for their specialty, there were concerns that implementation could be hindered by lack of support and continuing education in best evidence-based practices for wound care. In conjunction with the 2nd International Conference on Evidence Based Practice in Wound Care, an expert panel was convened in June 2009 to develop a research agenda based on critical knowledge gaps regarding pressure ulcers in individuals with SCI and on the implementation of advanced clinical practices. A literature-based discussion of the consensus panel conclusions is presented as a second Guest Editorial in this issue of JRRD [2]. The research articles presented illustrate both preclinical and clinical research that will lead to improved rehabilitative and lifetime outcomes for at-risk veterans, particularly those with SCI. Kath M. Bogie, DPhil ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE "Effect of sensory and motor electrical stimulation in vascular endothelial growth factor expression of muscle and skin in full thickness wound." Asadi et al. Electrotherapy for the treatment of chronic wounds has long been known, and there have been many clinical reports conducted on the technique. However, widespread implementation has been limited by lack of definitive proof demonstrating the positive effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on wound healing. The current limitations imposed on electrotherapy usage by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the lack of Food and Drug Administration approval reflect the underlying deficit in understanding of the physiological mechanism that is an essential precursor to optimization of clinical therapy. In their article, "Effect of sensory and motor electrical stimulation in vascular endothelial growth factor expression of muscle and skin in full thickness wound," Asadi et al. report on a preclinical study employing an acute animal wound model [3]. Varying ES paradigms were employed to study the effect on angiogenesis, as indicated by expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). …


Our concern is limited to the work of organizations which are established for the purpose of building character as the main, or one of several objectives. If their programs are successful, juvenile delinquency can be measurably reduced and possibly immeasurably prevented. What they do provides a positive program which should be studied and evaluated for both the potential value and the effective contribution in solving one of the nation's most difficult contemporary problems.


The appearance of E-commerce has lead to change of world economics domain, but supply chain logistics that it servers as a new realization mode of logistics has become a new tendency of modern logistics development. On the basic of E-commerce and supply chain logistics theoretically, the paper has studied the application and development in emphatically on the E-commerce and the supply chain logistics in the manufacture enterprise, and has constructed the enterprise logistics system pattern under their reciprocity.


Many studies have sought to identify interdisciplinary research as a function of the diversity of disciplines identified in an article's references or citations. However, given the constant evolution of the scientific landscape, disciplinary boundaries are shifting and blurring, making it increasingly difficult to describe research within a strict taxonomy. In this work, we explore the potential for graph learning methods to learn embedded representations for research papers that encode their 'interdisciplinarity' in a citation network. This facilitates the identification of interdisciplinary research without the use of disciplinary categories. We evaluate these representations and their ability to identify interdisciplinary research, according to their utility in interdisciplinary citation prediction. We find that those representations which preserve structural equivalence in the citation graph are best able to predict distant, interdisciplinary interactions in the network, according to multiple definitions of citation distance.


This article describes the process assembling of Encryption & Decryption In Trusted Platform Module of encoding information in NM640X ®. Encoding of information, carried out in assembly language according to Gost 28147–89. It is a realisation of standard GOST 28147-89- Russian state symmetric key block cipher. GOST 28147–89 has 64-bit to access the kernel, trust, and allocated memory in the BlockSize and 256-bit KeySize


According to recent estimates close to half of all human impact on the environment, such as loss of bio-diversity, is directly and/or indirectly related to food production and consumption. If society wants to reduce this impact, changes in the production and consumption of meat are most challenging of all food product categories. It may be clear that on the one hand there is a need for society to make food production systems more sustainable. On the other hand food products are manufactured and sold in a market oriented system. Consequently new protein-rich products must have the characteristics and quality to appeal to the consumer. Many of the non-meat alternatives that are currently on the market do not meet these criteria. To be able to produce protein-rich products that meet consumer demands it is necessary to have a closer look at the changes that occur in the market and in consumer's perceptions and preferences. New products should be defined that meet sustainability criteria and at the same time are attractive for consumers. A chain oriented approach should be followed in product innovation going from market via processing conditions up to raw material composition and properties. Using this approach large reductions in environmental impact of the supply chain will be accomplished but a coördinated approach is required and eventually the design of new supply chains. In this paper we will follow the product innovation route and in the end present a case study of how the need for sustainability can be linked to market demands.


This book engages European philosophy, social theory, anthropology, Marxism, the politics of post-colonialism, the fabrication and function of Sikh theology, nationalism, questions of subjectivity, identity, agency, violence, the 'spectre' of the West and the category (or spectre) that is 'religion'. But the single problem that Mandair returns to again and again is translation. In the 'Preface' Mandair states that he will examine 'the politico-philosophical consequences of translating Sikh scriptures into European languages' (p. xii). Translation – as an event – will bring into focus a 'confrontation' between disciplines that will reveal 'the essential cartography of knowledge production in the humanities' (p. xiv). To be sure, these are ambitious claims. Whether Mandair's ambition is realised however, is questionable. In colonial and present-day India, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims have authorised political claims through appeals to the notion 'religion' as an identity category and, in chapter one, the question of the politics of religion as an identity category and the interactions of colonial and local elites frames Mandair's handling of the problem of translation. He states that the 'concept of religion, far from being universal, is rather something that emerges within native elite discourse' (p. 53). Later, the interaction of colonial and local elites is formulated in the following terms:


Severe injury to the middle finger often compromises both the appearance and function of the hand. This report discusses the use of total middle ray amputation at the time of primary trauma surgery to avoid predictable problems that arise when the ray, or part of it, is retained. Primary ray amputation eliminates the defective middle finger, avoids a gap hand, and reunites the dissociated radial and ulnar segments of the hand to create a useful, three-fingered hand.


The symbol D will be written for the space of indefinitely differentiable functions on the n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn which have compact support and Dapos; will denote the space of Schwartz distribution on Rn, the topological dual of D. Except where contrary is explicitly stated, it will be assumed that D′ is equipped with the strong topology β (D′, D) induced by D.


This chapter defines some of the commonly used terminology in the field of electricity metering. Transformer-rated meters require instrument transformers to reduce the voltage and/or current to levels that can be handled by the metering equipment. The instrument transformers allow the meters and relays to operate at low voltages and currents, which reduces the cost and complexity of the devices while also reducing the hazards resulting from higher voltage and current applications. Watthour metering is required to record energy usage. Many watthour meters are self-contained, meaning they need no instrument transformers. Pulse-operated meters can be used for both energy and demand measurement. Demand metering records a maximum value since its register was reset. Commonly metered demand quantities include watt demand, var demand, and kVA demand. Time-of-Use (TOU) metering measures how much energy, or demand, occurred during specific time periods.


The evolution of hematopoietic-derived dendritic cells that are so critical for T cell activation is still poorely understood. In mammals, fms related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) and its ligand (Flt3lg) are important regulator of dendritic cell homeostasis. Flt3 and Flt3lg co-evolution was investigated in all jawed vertebrates with special focus in an ancient allotetraploid tetrapod Xenopus laevis. flt3 synteny and predicted amino-acid structure are conserved in all jawed vertebrate including in the duplicated S and L homeologous chromosomes of X. laevis. Flt3lg gene is conserved among X. laevis homeologous chromosomes and most jaw vertebrates with the exception of ray-finned fish. Amino acid comparison, 3D structure modelling and tissue distribution suggest a subfunctionalization of Flt3 and Flt3lg homeologs. Tagged recombinant Flt3lg.S and Flt3lg.L were produced to investigate cell surface expression of Flt3s. Both Flt3lg.S and L specifically stain a splenic population of leukocyte MHC class IIhigh+ and CD8+ phenotypically similar to the recently described X. laevis dual follicular/dendritic-like XL cells. Our results indicate that Flt3lg.S and L are both involved in XL cell homeostasis and that XL cells have hematopoietic origin. In X. laevis, the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like XNC4 restricting innate-like T cells is critical for tadpoles' resistance against the non-TB mycobacteria M.marinum. Preliminary experiments indicate that XL cells are XNC4+ and are being recruited to the infection site together with XNC4-restricted T cells. This suggests that XL cells are involved in T cell activation, which is consistent with the an ancestral dual follicular/dendritic cell function of XL cells.
 Supported by NIH (R24-AI059830 – R21-AI139718), NSF (1754274) and 2021 Rochester Vaccine Fellowship


Magnetic structures of nanosized (20 nm to 70 nm) powders of MnWO4 and MnWO4:Mo were studied using neutron powder diffraction (NPD). Sizes and shapes of the crystallites calculated from anisotropic peak broadening of diffraction peaks were found to be orthogonal parallelepiped-like with the longest edge along the c-axis and the shortest along the b-axis. SQUID measurements indicate the presence of two magnetic transitions around 8 K and 12 K. Rietveld refinement of the NPD data below the magnetic transition was consistent with the presence of an incommensurate spiral like (ac-AF2) phase. A commensurate phase AF1 was not observed down to 2.5K for all of the samples.


Hollow calcium carbonate particles were synthesized by a novel and facile approach which involves bubbling the CO2/N2 mixed gases into CaCl2 solution. The hollow particles were formed by the aggreg...


Submodular maximization problems are a relevant model set for many real-world applications. Since these problems are generally NP-Hard, many methods have been developed to approximate the optimal solution in polynomial time. One such approach uses an agent-based greedy algorithm, where the goal is for each agent to choose an action from its action set such that the union of all actions chosen is as high-valued as possible. Recent work has shown how the performance of the greedy algorithm degrades as the amount of information shared among the agents decreases, whereas this work addresses the scenario where agents are capable of sharing more information than allowed in the greedy algorithm. Specifically, we show how performance guarantees increase as agents are capable of passing messages, which can augment the allowable decision set for each agent. Under these circumstances, we show a near-optimal method for message passing, and how much such an algorithm could increase performance for any given problem instance.


There was investigated the structure of native crystalline and crypto-crystalline graphite from Krasnoyarsk Krai's deposits with the aid of X -ray analy- sis on diffractometer «Bruker» D8 ADVANCE. There were revealed alterations of types and parameters of crystal lattice by means of mechanical ac- tivation or mechanical synthesis of material, and was established optimal performance of graphite activation by which these alterations occurred. There was considered influence of time activation on parameters of structure of both types graphite. There was demonstrated that at optimal ac- tivation time of graphite occurred improving of its physical and chemical properties due to alteration of type and parameters of lattice and amor- phization of crystalline lattice.


Copernicus and SAS-3 observations of Sco X-1 during very active states show strong and rapid X-ray flickering with time scales as short as 20 sec. Simultaneous optical photometry reveals similar and remarkably well correlated flickering of lower amplitude. The level of correlation decreases when the X-ray source becomes fainter, but optical and X-ray fluxes, averaged over 1 min, are usually well correlated for B magnitudes less than 12.9. Cross-correlation analysis of the data during periods of high activity shows no really significant time delay between X-ray and optical features, although the cross-correlation function peaks systematically for positive lag values (optical following X-rays). The amplitude of the X-ray flickering exhibits a strong energy-dependence consistent with the well-known intensity versus spectral-hardness relation derived from previous observations. The highly correlated optical activity is interpreted as due to reprocessing of X-ray photons in the binary system.


Part 1 Methodology and identification: silica skeletons and macroscopic plant remains from ash an analysis of the stomach contents of Lindow Man identification of seeds and fruits of spelt wheat, oats and legumes archaeobotany and storage archaeoentomology determination of fibre plants in textiles, cordage and wickerwork report on wood samples from the Merovingian burial site and Liebenau, Lower Saxony vegetative plant remains from waterlogged deposits in York. Part 2 Regional studies in palaeoethnobotany: sorghum from Qasr Ibrim, Egyptian Nubia 700BC - AD1811 recovery and analysis of plant remains from Mediterranean shipwreck sites palaeoethnobotany in Cyprus recent research from plant remains in Valencia recent palaeoethnobotanical work in Switzerland, Hungary, Ireland, Belgium, Scandinavia, Southern France, Denmark, coastal British Columbia and Great Britain current studies of Indian palaeoethnobotany landscape archaeology in Hampshire field crop plants in early historic Ireland macrofossils from Danish town and monastery excavations charred acorns from Evergem-Ralingen, nr Ghent.


On the basis of summarizing dynamic mechanism of the changes of rural residential pattern in recent years,the author analyzes the influence of industrialization on the changes taking Suzhou as an example,and sums up the way of centralized residence in rural area under the influence of industrialization.


Network traffic policy verification is the analysis of network traffic to determine if the observed traffic is in compliance or violation of the applied policy. An intuitive approach is the use of machine learning techniques based on specific network traffic characteristics. These traffic characteristics are also known as features, which have to be extracted and selected carefully to build robust and accurate learning models. Thus, finding the best possible learning model in combination with extracting the best possible feature-set is a necessary requirement to design accurate traffic classification models. While feature selection can be automated to find the best subset of a given set of features, there are no known mechanisms to solve the problem of feature extraction. Thus, extracting the best possible features has to be done empirically. In this work we present a framework to simplify the empirical model selection and feature extraction process.


In this paper, a coupled model based on finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) and scaled boundary FEM (SBFEM) (also referred to as the consistent infinitesimal finite element cell method) for dynamic response of 2D structures resting on layered soil media is presented. The SBFEM proposed by Wolf and Song (Finite‐element Modelling of Unbounded Media. Wiley: England, 1996) and BEM are used for modelling the dynamic response of the unbounded media (far‐field). The standard FEM is used for modelling the finite region (near‐field) and the structure.


Theatre criticism holds an important place in theatre studies, especially as a tool for studying theatre history and reception - it is one of the three main branches of theatrology along with theatre history and theory. This study aims to present the cataloguing, digitization and interpretive study of a body of theatre reviews published in Greek literary journals in the years 1900-1950.
The questions that we attempted to answer in this research concern various characteristics of theatre criticism in Greece in the period we are researching, and more specifically:

The language used, its construction and function
Its main representatives
Its ideological and aesthetic axes
The reception of the plays
The connections to the European intellectual currents of the time
The ways in which the nature of the publications (literary magazines) affected the thematic and structural organization of the texts, in contrast to the reviews published on the daily press.

As part of the same project, we also created a searchable electronic database, comprising a complete index of theatre criticism published in Greek journals in the years 1900-1950, which offers users access to the full reviews.


N.P. Harlan, R.R. Kempker, S.M. Parekh, E.M. Burd, D.T. Kuhar. Weissella confusa bacteremia in a liver transplant patient with hepatic artery thrombosis
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 290–293. All rights reserved


The problem raised in this study is fish landing ports in Bengkulu city are not used by fishers as they have to according to Fishery Law. Fishers choose to land their catch to their own dockings which make it hardly for officers to record data of the catch which is very important in deciding what to do in maintaining fishery sustainability or in another word to keep their business in fishery long lasts. This study aims to (1) inventory regulations related to the utilization of PPI to see the law in books regarding the requirement to land the catch on PPI; (2) evaluate the constrains that make the law is not effective in the society. The method used is normative juridical, legal resources were collected by documentation study. Then, observation and in-depth interview were conducted by involving informants consisted of fishers and apparatus handling the compliance of this matter, decided by purposive sampling. After that, all the data collected were analyzed with qualitative method and legal interpretation as well. The result shows, first, rules regulating PPI utilization in Bengkulu city is set out in District Regulation No. 11 Year 2011 on Specific Licenses Retribution requiring the owner of the fleets (as a compulsory retribution) to have a business license. Violation of this will subject to administrative and criminal sanction. Second, the law is ineffective because of lack of supervisor of fishery; legal structures that don't have enough legal education resulting in disobedience always be understandable and unpunishable as it should be; culture to disobey the law raised from low law enforcement and lack of knowledge from fishers reflected in data showing only 10 % of owners having licenses. From the results it is strongly suggested that first, government should educate apparatus legal education and fishers as well as the main stake holder in fishery business which can be held with socializations on the importance of fish landing port to sustain their business; then assure that the sanction for those who dissobey have to be enforced.


Pay-for-performance (P4P) represents an effort to improve the quality of health care by paying physicians more if they meet specified target measures. There are both empirical and theoretical reasons to be deeply suspicious of P4P schemes applied at the level of the individual physician or health provider. Most P4P programs were implemented before there were any good data to demonstrate that they achieved the desired results. Once such schemes were in use, the available data are far from reassuring. Common findings are that providers may do more of the specific procedure that is being measured, but in the process may neglect to do other things that equally affect quality of care. Payers often find that the cost of implementing a P4P program far exceeds the value of the very modest resulting improvements; and payments may unfairly benefit providers who are already meeting quality targets while disadvantaging those who make the most strenuous efforts to improve.


Tea customs in the Three Gorges Are shows a complex culture. The authors of this paper think that the local tea customs is the essence of tea culture in the Three Gorges Area, which is regional, inheritable and enjoyable.


Yrast levels of Ni, Cu and Zn isotopes for 40 ≤ N ≤ 50 have been described by state-of-the-art shell model calculations with three recently available interactions using 56Ni as a core in the f5/2pg9/2 model space. The results are unsatisfactory viz. large E(2+) for very neutron-rich nuclei, small B(E2) values in comparison to experimental values. These results indicate an importance of inclusion of πf7/2 and νd5/2 orbitals in the model space to reproduce collectivity in this region.


Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-IQ have the potential to reduce interconnect length and improve performance especially in sub-65nm CMOS technologies. This paper describes design and performance analysis of the 3D-IC in sub-65nm CMOS technologies based on the accurate calculation of interconnects delays using 16-core processors as case studies. Performance improvement of the 3D-IC vs. 2D-IC is increased as CMOS scales down, which is consistent with the expected trend. The performance improvement is over 20%. Furthermore, performance of the 3D-IC in 65 nm (or 45 nm) CMOS technology is superior to that of the 2D-IC in 45 nm (or 32 nm) CMOS technology. It indicates that design conversion from 2D-IC to 3D-IC is superior to the CMOS technology migration according to COMS scaling. Reduction in repeater buffers and area overhead is also estimated.


The new regime that emerged after 1936 introduced a nationalism that aimed to awaken national pride, a pride hurt, engendered in the defeat of the War against the Triple Alliance. This awakening was to return to the past to project into the future. This nationalist ideology used to the Nation as an instrument of political and historical awareness, setting up a new political landscape printed new life into Paraguayan politics. Nationalism implemented as State Policy had profound implications for the country and affected various areas of national life. The new regime established after the Revolution of 1936 adopted nationalism as State Policy, turning away from gravitating element in the political system. The adoption of nationalism involved a review of the national past, in order to claim figures of national history that had been humiliated and forgotten by the political model implemented in the country after the completion of the Triple Alliance War, from being considered from there, the governments of France and Charles A. Lopez, as role models, to consider their governments, as paradigms to mimic and allow the triumph of nationalist military political imaginary, that years later, will be transformed into Catholic and red.


Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: business model pivot, minimum viable product, strategic alliances, return on equity and burn-rate.

Case overview/synopsis
HMSolution's (HM's) mission is removing arsenic from drinking water. The case tells how HMS pivoted its business model between 2014 and 2015 and its challenge when faced with several growth opportunities. The first possible partner company proposed adopting HMS's technology through either an alliance or outsourcing. The second company wanted to acquire HMS. However, Margaret – the founder and CEO – managed to find a third option in the form of an important sanitation sewage treatment company in Chile with international presence, with which she could reach a wider territory in her country of origin, as well as in other countries where that company had a presence. This case study presents Margaret's dilemma of deciding the best course to follow and finding the best fit for her product and the needs of the market.

Complexity academic level
The instructor can adapt the requirements and depth of the topics addressed, ranging from an undergraduate audience to an executive training audience. Undergraduate courses, namely, entrepreneurship, business creation, administration and strategy. For students of business careers, administration, commercial engineering, industrial civil engineering and industrial engineering. Continuous training, namely, entrepreneurship, business creation, administration and strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.


Halogenations on terminal of acceptors have been proven to render dramatical improvements in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite rare studies, similar significant results could be also expected if halogenations on central units of the state-of-the-art Y-series acceptors is applied, given that central units have been proved to impact molecular packings significantly. Herein, a pair of acceptors, CH6 and CH4, featured with conjugation-extended control phenazine central unit with/out fluorination, have been designed/synthesized. The extra fluorination on CH6 leads to an enhanced molecular interaction and crystallinity, superior fibrillar network morphology and improved charge generation/transport in blend films, thus affording a higher PCE of 18.33% for CH6-based binary OSCs comparing to that of 16.49% for CH4. Our work provides an exciting platform with the new central site for further structural optimization on Y-series molecules to afford better-performed OSCs and reveals the effectiveness of fluorination on central units.


Operating System Techniques for Reducing Processor State Pollution Livio Soares Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2012 Application performance onmodern processors has become increasingly dictated by the use of on-chip structures, such as caches and look-aside buffers. The hierarchical (multi-leveled) design of processor structures, the ubiquity of multicore processor architectures, as well as the increasing relative cost of accessingmemory have all contributed to this condition. Our thesis is that operating systems should provide services and mechanisms for applications to more efficiently utilize onchip processor structures. As such, this dissertation demonstrates how the operating system can improve processor efficiency of applications through specific techniques. Two operating system services are investigated: (1) improving secondary and last-level cache utilization through a run-time cache filtering technique, and (2) improving the processor efficiency of system intensive applications through a new exception-less system call mechanism. With the first mechanism, we introduce the concept of a software pollute buffer and show that it can be used effectively at run-time, with assistance from commodity hardware performance counters, to reduce pollution of secondary on-chip caches. In the second mechanism, we are able to decouple application and operating system execution, showing the benefits of the reduced interference in various processor components such as the first level instruction and data caches, second level caches and branch predictor. We show that exception-less system calls are particularly effective on modern multicore processors. We explore two ways for applications to use exception-less system calls. The first way, which is completely transparent to the application, uses multi-threading to hide asynchronous communication between the operating system kernel and the application. In the second way, we propose that applications can directly use the exception-less system call interface by designing programs that follow an event-driven architecture.


Background: Experience of interpersonal racism has been neglected as a mechanism by which inequalities between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people are created and maintained.


This study evaluated the different technological properties of two commercial starter cultures used to ripen two dry-cured fermented sausages (chorizo and salchichón) made with pork from the Murciano breed and stuffed in natural casing. The ripening of both sausages was started with a fast acidifying culture enriched with staphylococci (3 Pediococcus pentosaceus, 7.5 Staphylococcus xylosus and 1.5 Staphylococcus carnosus) or a standard culture (3 Lactobacillus sakei, 1.5 S. xylosus and 1.5 S. carnosus) (dosage expressed as 107 cfu g–1 mass). The ripening properties (composition, aw, pH, CIELAB color, total viable counts, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcaceae, moulds and yeasts, fat acidity and proteolysis index) and the sensory traits (color, odor , flavor and texture) were determined in fresh and/or dry-cured sausage. Both starter cultures provided similar ripening properties in chorizo and salchichón despite their different formulation and degree of mincing. With the exception of pH, the differences in the ripening properties between the cultures were generally irrelevant. P. pentosaceus showed a higher acidifying rate than L. sakei, and more effectively decreased the pH of the sausages. The combination of L. sakei, S. xylosus and S. carnosus allowed higher final counts of fermentative bacteria to be reached, moderated the drop in pH, slightly improved bouquet, especially in chorizo, and, especially, reduced the acidity of both sausages. In contrast, the type of starter culture did not influence the lean colour of either sausage, while the changes in texture were related with differences in moisture and fat content. Overdosage of S. xylosus did not provide additional technological benefits to the sausages started with P. pentosaceus, because it failed to increase the Micrococcaceae charge in fresh sausage compared with the levels attained using standard culture. It is concluded that the use of lactic bacteria of great acidifying potential, combined with high doses of staphylococci, does little to improve the ripening properties of Chato Murciano chorizo and salchichón started with an aliquot dose of lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci.


The article discusses the process of transforming the image of the Soviet Union in the perception of U.S. congressmen and senators during pre-war biennial period. Particular attention is paid to the reaction of legislators on the Soviet-Finnish conflict 1939-1940, and the Proliferation of Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union in 1941. The author comes to the conclusion that the escalation of the global conflict predetermined strengthening of pragmatic motives in the position of parliamentarians toward the USSR.


In recent years, several institutions have recognized this problem and have mad,: available professionally and peer staffed tutoring centers. The university where I teach was advantaged by a Title III grant and set up such a service 11 years ago. Our tutoring center required students to make an appointment, register for a tutor, and come to a central location for group or individual tutoring. For aware, self-motivated students, this seemed to work fairly well; however, we found that less motivated and less self-aware students, who were genuinely in need of help tended not to present themselves at the tutoring center for needed assistance. This circumstance, involving student retention, came to the attention of our enrollment management administrator.(1) He called a meeting of faculty to discuss the perceived problem and asked for suggestions in solving it. Among several potential ideas came one that has emerged as popular and reasonably successful. A description of that idea follows. Volunteer core course professors were asked to self select students who have taken specific core courses(2) from the selecting professors in recent years to be in-class tutors.(3) These individuals are to: (a) sit in on all class sessions, (b) take notes as if they were students in those classes, (c) ask questions likely to be ones thought about by reticent students when others are not asking such questions, (d) take class attendance and call absentee students at their home/dorm, (e) make study guides for students, (f) hold periodic review sessions, (g) with time available, hold group and individual tutoring sessions, and (h) meet weekly with the professor to share insights and perceptions of student progress. Class tutors are not to be asked to: grade assignments, be left to manage class by themselves, or be involved in classroom management or student evaluation. In addition, truly underprepared, overloaded, or otherwise distressed students can be detected, diagnosed, and prudently advised to withdraw from courses in which they show little or no promise of succeeding in. The two minds/eyes/ears rather than one approach aids in spotting at-risk students and saves them from imminent disaster. Class tutors are paid for their work at prevailing student worker rates including the times for class attendance, tutoring, and preparation time. Up to now, six tutors have been funded for approximately 100 hours of work each per semester. Classes in Art, Biology, Communication, History, Math, Psychology, and Sociology have had class tutors.(4) The program is in its fourth term. …


Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women all over the world. Current chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer such as tamoxifen show severe side effects. Therefore, there is a focus toward new chemotherapeutic agents to be obtained from natural sources. This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the Acanthaster planci starfish extract compared to tamoxifen in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The extract was obtained using phosphate buffered saline. MTS assay and Annexin V assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic effect, respectively. The extract was found to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells (IC


The key parameters of GaN for use in microwave power amplifiers are presented. The electron-scattering effect of dislocations are presented for 2 DEG in HEMT devices. The use of the piezoelectric effect in designing Al y Ga 1-y N/GaN HEMT structures is reviewed for a range of y.Short-gate device fabrication methods, and the device characterization, are presented. Maximum frequency of oscillation for .15 μm gates reached 140 GHz, while .3 μm gate power amplifiers reached 74% power-added efficiency at 3 GHz.


Poisson's equations in a cuboid are frequently solved in many scientific and engineering applications such as electric structure calculations, molecular dynamics simulations and computational astrophysics. In this paper, a fast and highly accurate algorithm is presented for the solution of the Poisson's equation in a cuboidal domain with boundary conditions of mixed type. This so-called harmonic surface mapping algorithm is a meshless algorithm which can achieve a desired order of accuracy by evaluating a body convolution of the source and the free-space Green's function within a sphere containing the cuboid, and another surface integration over the spherical surface. Numerical quadratures are introduced to approximate the integrals, resulting in the solution represented by a summation of point sources in free space, which can be accelerated by means of the fast multipole algorithm. The complexity of the algorithm is linear to the number of quadrature points, and the convergence rate can be arbitrarily high even when the source term is a piecewise continuous function. AMS subject classifications: 35J08, 35Q70, 33F05, 78M16


ABSTRACT
KB Purwosari village is one of the KB villages in the Kenali Asam Bawah Kelurahan, Kota Baru Jambi District. During 2017 since it was set, only the stages of socialization to the community about the importance of the existence of the KB village, and the formation of poktan (activity groups). Divided into 5 groups, namely the Youth Family Development Group (BKR), Prosperous Family Income Improvement Efforts (UPPKS), Toddler Family Development (BKB), Elderly Family Development (BKL) and Managers of the Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R). Community service is carried out by stages in formulating schedules and activity plans, providing material to members of the PIK-R poktan and BKR poktan, KIE media simulation to PIK-R poktan and BKR poktan members, home visits (visite), mass media exposure, home data display and monitoring and evaluating success. Has shown success as evidenced by the increase in pre-test results and post-test results, in the 7 categories of variables measured, while those that need to be followed up on 3 variables that have not significantly changed, (the achievement value remains no change), namely in the Triad category KRR on healthy family planning, use of contraceptives, and routine check-ups during pregnancy. Activities initiated by groups of activities both PIK R RT 03 and BKR RT 18 really gave a positive warrants and aura to the KB Village. The continuity of activities with the support of the puskesmas and kelurahan is very good.


This paper deals with the underlying theory of the hydraulics of channel flow with a buoyant boundary as an ice cover. It commences by developing the velocity distribution in two-dimensional covere...


W e design most clinical trials so that there is 1 primary outcome: the number of suicide attempts, the score on a depression inventory, the number of people who achieve remission, or whatever. It is usually on the basis of this outcome that we conclude that the intervention was successful or not. By the same token, after we have invested so much time and effort into designing and carrying out the study, we want to get as much return as possible, so we often add a number of other measures (ie, secondary outcomes) as well. Furthermore, even though they're not outcome measures, we gather a lot of information at baseline, in order to describe the participants and to determine if the groups are comparable to one another. The question that then arises is whether we have to compensate for all of the statistical tests we then calculate. The technical term for this is multiple comparisons or multiplicity: the increased probability that we'll find a statistically significant finding, even if nothing is going on (ie, the null hypothesis is true), just by chance.


1. Observations on the species constitution and the seasonal fluctuations of syuan-thropic flies were made by means of fermented bran and sugar baits-trap method both indoors and outdoors in Chong-Mou County, Honan Province from April to November, 1963.2. 57 species of flies belonging to 6 families were obtained. Among them, 9 are first records from Honan (marked with asterisk in the Chinese text), and an Oriental blood-sucking fly, Haematobia sanguisugens Austen is new to Chinese fauna.3. 13 species were most common and the numbers of capture have been recorded monthly. There were three peaks in the total amount of flies captured. The first peak derived from spring type flies, such as Aldrichina grahami, Muscina stabulans, Ravinia striata, the second peak from Lucilia illustris, Chrysomya megacephala, Ber-caea haemorrkoidalis, Polleniopsis mongolica, Parasarcophaga crassipalpis, Orthellia coerulea as well as a part of Musca domestica vicina; and the third and highest one arose chiefly from the autumn type fly Musca domestica vicina, accompanied by the part due to Lucilia sericata. Attention is to be called to that the peaks of Chrysomya megacephala, Musca sorbens and Stomoxys calcitrans appeared in late summer.4. Musca domestica vicina was the most abundant species. Its breeding 7nedia are human excrement and big live-stock dung. Its control measures are proposed.


In their recent paper [Proc. Roy. Soc. A 471, 2181 (2015)], AP Sutton, EP Banks and AR Warwick criticized previous metrics in the space of macroscopic boundary parameters and proposed a new function instead. However, some aspects of their analysis need to be clarified. In particular, reasons for introducing one of the criticized metrics are explained, and deficiencies of the new function are indicated.


To examine the potential of circulating cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers of cancer mortality risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


INTRODUCTION An important aspect of the work of a forensic pathologist is the investigation ofdeaths associated with anaesthesia and surgical operations. Recent advances in anaesthetic techniques and cardiac bypass procedures meant that many older and very ill patients are now being subjected to open cardiac surgery: the same patients would have been considered to be inoperable some years earlier. Intraoperative and postoperative complications consequently show an increased frequency and it is essential that the pathologist who is investigating such cases is fully conversant with such complications particularly when allegations of unsatisfactory surgical practice are being insinuated. Two cases of myocardial rupture following mitral valvotomy are reported in two very 'high risk' patients, and the possible mechanisms which brought about such ruptures are discussed.


Key Points Question How many COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths were averted because of COVID-19 vaccination in California? Findings In this modeling study using data from the California Department of Public Health, COVID-19 vaccination was estimated to have prevented more than 1.5 million COVID-19 cases, 72 000 hospitalizations, and 19 000 deaths during the first 10 months of vaccination, through October 16, 2021. Meaning These findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination had a large public health benefit in California, which can be generalized across the United States.


University library's serving the society is the requirement of the age development. This paper analyzes the feasibility and necessity of university library's serving the society, and advances some countermeasures and ways for university library's serving the society.