The invention discloses a method and a device for protecting a power amplifier. The method comprises steps as follows: signal data subjected to digital pre-distortion are sampled; a power spectrum density of an out-of-band signal with a signal channel bandwidth is acquired according to a bandwidth value of a signal channel configured by a system as well as a sampling rate; and when the sampled signal data are determined to be abnormal according to the power spectrum density of the out-of-band signal, the power amplifier is closed. By means of the method and the device, the problem that the power amplifier cannot be effectively protected when encountering signals with abnormal wide spectrums due to the fact that the power amplifier is protected according to a power average value of an input signal in correlation techniques is solved, and conditions that the signals with abnormal wide spectrums caused by digital pre-distortion are corrected due to insufficient protection of the power amplifier according to the power average value and the power amplifier is burnt due to the signals with abnormal wide spectrums are avoided, so that the protection of the power amplifier is enhanced.


Yaroslav Kuzminov - Rector of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Address: 20 Myasnitskaya St., 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Peskov - Director of the Young Professionals Direction at the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. Address: 36/9 Novy Arbat, 121099 Moscow, Russian Federation. E-mail: email@example.com non-educational processes will influence the development of universities in the next 15-20 years? Whom will universities compete with? How will education markets change? What will be the relationships between future universities and external environment, society, government, businesses, and other universities? The future of universities is discussed between Yaroslav Kuzminov, Rector of the National Research University Higher school of Economics (HSE), and Dmitry Peskov, Director of the Young Professionals Direction at the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. The meeting was organized by Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow journal.


The paper describes the electrical behaviour of multi-cavity klystrons, now extensively used as high-power amplifiers in u.h.f. television transmitters. The factors affecting the frequency response are reviewed, with descriptions of the particular conditions required for output coupling and cavity tuning. The response of the klystron to the television tests for non-linearity is discussed in detail, and it is suggested that (a) differential phase shift is produced by the basic a.m.-p.m. characteristic of the tube; and (b) the discrepancy between observed results of line-rate linearity and differential gain tests is due to differing amplification of single and double sidebands, to be expected with any non-linear transfer characteristic. This discrepancy can be removed by suitable signal processing in the transmitter.


5 mL anticoagulant blood were sampled from the healthy chicken and the peripheral lymphocytes were collected by lymphocyte separation medium,then the cells were cultured for 24 h in RPMI-1640 cell culture medium at 39.5 ℃ with 5% CO2.The supernatant was remove and cells were resuspended the in equal volume complete medium and were added to 96 well culture plates with 80 μL/well,and different dose of sodium new houtluyfonate and/or concanavalin A(ConA) were mixed with the cells.Following incubation for 44 h,the lymphocyte proliferation was determined by MTT method.The results showed that sodium new houtluyfonate could induce lymphocyte proliferative response singly or cocultivated with ConA.In addition,the effects of different dose of sodium new houtluyfonate were dissimilar on improving lymphocyte proliferation,while the optimistic concentration is 250 mg/L.


In a single office, the presidency, the great powers of the American people have been invested, making it the most powerful office in the world. Its power is great precisely because it is truly the people's power, in the form of consent regularly granted. But there is great uncertainty about the terms of the social contract. We can know that virtually all power, limited only by the Bill of Rights, has been granted. And we can know that when presidents take the oath of office they accept the power and the conditions for its use: the promise of performance must be met. But we cannot know what is adequate performance. No entrepreneur would ever sign a contract that leaves the conditions of fulfillment to the subjective judgment of the other party. This is precisely what has happened in the new social contract underlying the modern government of the United States. The system of large positive national government in the United States was a deliberate construction, arising out of the 1930s. The urgency of the times and the poverty of government experience meant that the building was done exuberantly but improvisationally, without much concern for constitutional values or history. The modern presidency is the centerpiece of that construction. Considered by many a triumph of democracy, the modern American presidency is also its victim. The gains from presidential government were immediate. Presidential government energized the executive; it gave the national government direction; it en-


Until comparatively recently there was only one restriction on the freedom of industrial and commercial enterprises to conduct their affairs as they thought best suited to their purposes. That was a restriction under the common law, namely that agreements in restraint of trade are contrary to public policy and, therefore, void, and as a corollary to that, any action taken by a combination of persons designed to injure someone in his trade?for example, to drive him out of business?is also unlawful as a conspiracy.


A method for writer-independent off-line handwritten signature verification based on grey level feature extraction and Real Adaboost algorithm is proposed. Firstly, both global and local features are used simultaneously. The texture information such as co-occurrence matrix and local binary pattern are analyzed and used as features. Secondly, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and the squared Mahalanobis distance classifier are introduced. Finally, Real Adaboost algorithm is applied. Experiments on the public signature database GPDS Corpus show that our proposed method has achieved the FRR 5.64% and the FAR 5.37% which are the best so far compared with other published results.


It will be noticed that the authors have not laid overemphasis on sexual responses. These are manifested by particular attention to the lower details, interpreted as portions of the female pelvis or to phallic symbols or to their complete avoidance (sexual repression). This is because they occur generally in behavior problems and correctly belong in the realm of clinical psychology. Repressed sexual responses are occasionally encountered in the manic type of manic-depressive psychosis (particularly when the patient is recovering and is unsure of himself) and more rarely in psychoneuroses. Likewise, we have not attempted to interpret the degree of mental defect because this can be ascertained only by a psychometric test and not by the Rorschach. We do believe from our findings that the Rorschach test can be of tremendous value in psychiatry but, as previously stated, should be nothing more than a useful aid to the psychiatrist in his diagnostic investigations.


their own public identity by bringing together the geographical, historical, and linguistic identity of Maharashtra, exemplified in localized histories written in Marathi from the 1650s. They rejected 'Ādil Shahi claims of sovereignty over their ancestral lands by adopting the Nizam Shahi model of legitimacy based on regional and linguistic connections with the Maratha heartland. In conclusion, Fischel asserts that in contrast to the rigidity of imperial ideology and state language under a single, powerful sovereign, 'the political structure of the Deccan reflects a more dispersed notion of sovereignty' (p. 255). For the Deccan sultanates, the political language of sovereignty and legitimacy were a product of localization, vernacularization, cultivation of transregional networks, the durability of historical memory, and the endurance of horizontal identities within each kingdom. Categories such as socially accepted notions of political legitimacy, the construction of imperial ideology and universal notions of sovereignty conventionally used to study empires does not apply for an understanding of the Deccan sultanates. Through a textual analysis of diplomatic correspondence from the 1630s between the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and the Bijapur Sultan Muhammad 'Ādil Shah, Fischel draws a sharp distinction between the internal structures of the imperial Mughal state and non-imperial Deccan sultanates. But if 'the Deccan sultans embraced unprecedented pluralism through their royal engagement with various languages' (p. 256), so did the Mughals by patronizing vernacular literature across their realm. Ruling over a linguistically diverse and socially heterogenous subject populace necessitated adopting pluralism as state policy. How then does one differentiate the approach towards pluralism between imperial and non-imperial polities? Finally, the reader wonders why the author used an old edition (Bombay, 1831) of the Tārikh-i Firishta—one of the chief primary sources of the monograph—instead of the more nuanced four-volume edition published from Tehran in the 2010s. These queries notwithstanding, Fischel's monograph is a persuasively argued piece of erudite scholarship that weaves a fascinating narrative blending extensive archival research in Persian with an in-depth survey of the secondary literature on this topic. The voluminous bibliography at the end of the book, a concise index, and the three maps of the Deccan together with the Venn diagrams representing the territorial and linguistic divisions of the region adds to its rich detail. A critical intervention in the field, this book will remain a standard reference for historians of the Deccan and early modern South Asia for a long time.


Acinetobacter baumanii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, molecular typing of, complex isolates from endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections, 123 Adverse events, feasibility study for identifying, to vaccination by record linkage, 475 Aspergillus fumigatus, DNA typing of epidemiologically-related isolates of, 161 Astrovirus, prevalence of human, serotype 4: capsid protein sequence and comparison with other strains, 385


Let G be a polycyclic-by-finite group and let K[G] denote its group algebra over the field K. In this paper we discuss localization in K[G] and in particular we prove that every faithful completely prime ideal is localizable. Furthermore, using a sequence of localizations, we show that, for G polyinfinite cyclic, the classical right quotient ring (K[G]) is in fact a universal field of fractions for K[G]. Finally we offer an example of a domain K[G] which does not have a universal field of fractions.


This article looks at the notion of what, not who, is underserved in museum education. The importance of looking through, in, and from objects in order to uncover underserved questions and themes is vital. A willingness to consider new ways to approach collections and display is necessary to have a dialogue with our audiences about how museums can be relevant and best serve their needs. I argue that how we research, display, and discuss works of art creates openings for new historical insight and contemporary relevance. Using an upcoming exhibition focused on the representation of slavery in 18th-century portraiture as a case study, the following themes will be explored as strategies for opening space for the underserved subjects in our pictures and the underserved questions of our audience: (1) unfreezing the past, (2) recognizing scenes of subjection, (3) converting absence to presence, and (4) seeing the flexible history of objects.


Mn-based Heusler alloys of NiMnSb and PtMnSb have been predicted to be half-metallic ferromagnetic metals, with 100% spin-polarized conduction electrons at the Fermi level. In this study, the valence-band and Sb 4d core levels of the XMnSb-type Heusler alloys (X = Mi, Pd, Pt) have been investigated using synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Samples were made by melting the appropriate amount of constituent elements in vacuum-sealed quartz tubes at 1100 °C, and subsequent annealing at 600 °C for one week. Photoemission measurements were performed on the Mark V beamline at the Synchrotron Radiation Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Polycrystalline samples were fractured in situ and measured at about 60 K in a vaccum better than 4 × 10−11 Torr. The instrumental resolution of the system is about 0.2 eV at hν=40 eV and about 0.4 eV at hν = 150 eV, respectively. The incident photon flux was monitored by the yield from a gold mesh and all the spectra were normalized to the incident phot...


This letter reports the methodology of a low-cost fabrication technique for producing periodic sub-micron structures over a large area, using a polymer mask. A thin film of gold/palladium or silica is deposited on a stretched polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Release of the tension forms a buckling sinusoidal pattern on the surface. The PDMS substrates are then used as masks in soft contact optical lithography, bypassing the need for an expensive lithographic process toward creating regular patterns on a traditional masks. Pattern transfers are conducted using an ultraviolet lamp and the fabrication of more complex periodic structures through multiple exposures is reported.


DDA measurements made over a wide frequency range with a novel sensor are used to determine the onset of reaction, variation in viscosity, onset of gel, and reaction completion in a series of peroxide-initiated unsaturated polyester resins diluted in styrene monomer. The dielectric measurements provide detailed insights into (he the cure process not available by conventional thermographic techniques.


Data traffic is increasing in an enterprise network. In order to switch a rage of traffic, high speed switch is developed by many venders. However the high speed switch consumes large power consumption. In this paper, we proposed 3 types of optical enterprise network architectures which accommodate passive optical equipments. And also, we compared our proposal networks with a present enterprise network about power consumption. Our proposed network can save about 50% of power consumption.


A submarine periscope will bend and vibrate because of the impact of drag when it is raised. The drag on a periscope is an important reference for the design, use, and other aspects of the periscope. To investigate the drag on a submarine periscope, the dynamic strain responses of a real submarine periscope are measured in the field using bare fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based on quasi-distributed measurement technology. The experimental scheme for the real submarine periscope is designed and described in detail. To ensure installation accuracy and speed, a novel packaged FBG sensor array is proposed. Based on the prior full preparation, some complete data of the downstream periscope are collected, and the drag on the periscope in different conditions is analyzed. Furthermore, theoretical analyses (using the Morison equation) and numerical simulations (using Fluent) of drag are performed based on the parameters of the periscope. Finally, some conclusions are given.


We present an analysis of physical effects responsible for infrared image transformation in integrated quantum well infrared photodetector-light emitting diode (QWIP-LED). For a large-area device, the spatial smearing of the transformed image is determined by the lateral photocurrent spreading in the QWIP and the lateral diffusion of carriers injected into the LED. For devices with low QWIP photocurrent gain, the spatial resolution is limited by the carrier diffusion lengths in the QWIP and in the LED active region, which are much shorter than radiation wavelength, and hence, the transformed image is practically undistorted.


African nations have shown remarkable promise in digital financial services in recent years. However, much more remains to be done. Given this background, this study empirically investigates the social and institutional determinants of digital financial inclusion for a panel of 42 African countries using system GMM for the period 1995-2018. The empirical results show that social factors such as literacy, infrastructure, unemployment rate and standard of living have significant influence on digital financial inclusion. These results suggest that social realities matter for digital financial services. Equally, institutional factors such as political stability and absence of violence, control of corruption, regulatory quality, government effectiveness and rule of law have statistically significant and positive effects. These results suggest that better governance and better institutions correlate with faster digital financial inclusion. The estimates are robust to changes in estimation methods.


This work belongs to a project with the title Health and Life, integrated for the professors of Physical Education from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. Eusebio Hernandez Perez and 10 students of the medical sciences from the same place. It contributes to the prevention of demential diseases like Alzheimer, in elder people incorporated to the grandparents´ house Armenio Ferra Pieselli in the community, from Colon municipality. It counts with activities that help them to establish equilibrium adapted during their execution. Among them, they represent communicative dynamicand traditional board games, observing movies, videos, listening to music, listening stories and talks. All oriented to the prevention ofdiseases like the Alzheimer in adults. The lofty incidence of the same one in world is enunciated. It is proven that these activities contribute to enlarge the cognoscitive or cerebral reserve that decreases formation of the senile plates that not only contribute to decrease the risks of suffering the disease, but it is an important point against the stress and the depression. Finally, it stands out that there are means valid for all ages through the practice of the different activities with elder people as an aspiration that the long-lived ones know their strengths and weaknesses. Today is a challenge to motivate the grandparents that these are activities used as means of morerecreation, an anti-elect stress, antidepressant and preventive to potentiate an active aging.


The analysis of published clinical observations on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Kimura's disease, which is a rather rare chronic inflammatory disease of human soft tissues of unknown etiology, is presented. The onset of Kimura's illness is hardly noticeable. The disease proceeds sluggishly, with a varied clinical picture, most often with the formation of single or multiple subcutaneous nodules or tubercles and swelling in the head and neck on one or both sides. Other localizations of lesions are also described: limbs, orbit, eyelids, palate, pharynx, armpit, chest, inguinal region. The affected areas gradually increase in size over many months or years. Other clinical manifestations of Kimura's disease are presented in the form of edema of the extraocular muscle, juvenile temporal arteritis, sleep apnea in cases of damage to the larynx, and life-threatening coronary artery spasm in children. There are reports of other rare systemic clinical signs of Kimura's disease in the form of pruritus, eczema and rash. The disease is often associated with regional lymphadenopathy and/or salivary gland involvement, eosinophilia, and an increase in serum immunoglobulin E from 800 to 35,000 IU/mL. The disease may be accompanied by kidney damage in the form of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Most reported cases of Kimura's disease occur in young Asian men in their 20s and 30s, sporadically the disease is diagnosed in Europeans, North Americans, Caucasians, and Africans. Diagnosis of Kimura's disease is often clinically difficult. It is primarily based on excisional biopsy of the lesion or regional lymph nodes, and the histopathological findings are consistent regardless of the location of the lesion. Morphologically, Kimura's disease is characterized by the presence in biopsy specimens of such histological features as reactive follicular hyperplasia with prominent follicles surrounded by fibrous tissue. Interfollicular infiltrates are rich in plasma cells and eosinophils, which form diffuse eosinophilic microabscesses associated with granulomatous inflammation. The vessels are numerous, with an increase in postcapillary venules. At the same time, the blood vessels remain thin-walled, with cuboidal endothelial cells. Treatment issues are highlighted, and differences between Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia are presented.


As it was emphasized in the author's several theses and books the Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry proved not to be valid in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Lately, it was mentioned in some notes in Targu-Mures (Romania) that the Heureka program (Duna TV Budapest) reported about the worldwide first implementation of the Bolyai-Lobachevsky's geometry in architecture [4]. Without doubting the magnificence of the concerning buildings or the artistic or architectural value of some churches, these allegations must definitely be denied.


This study aims to analyze the effect of organization commitment, internal control system effectiveness, organizational justice, organization ethical culture organization, and law enforcement on fraud tendencies. The research is carried out in a number of offices of Mojokerto using a questionnaire. Researchers obtain 71 people who work in the financial office of Mojokerto as the respondents. Data analysis method used in this study is the multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS. The results show that partially organizational commitment, the effectiveness of internal control systems, organizational justice, and the rule of law negatively affect the tendency of cheating, while the ethical culture of the organization has no effect on the tendency of fraud. The implication of this research for the organization is that the government sector organizations have to pay attention to the factors that may cause the propensity of fraud. Keywords: organization commitment, internal control system effectiveness, ethical culture, organizational fairness, law enforcement, fraud tendency


Feeding light inside a semiconductor laser gives rise to a wealthy set of dynamics that have been largely described. The two fundamental parameters are the detuning and the injected power. We present here theoretical and experimental evidence that other parameters may play a role. For instance, injecting with an orthogonal polarization is not equivalent to nullify the effect of optical injection as demonstrated by our experimental map. We will focus the main part of the talk on the influence of coherence. Some part of this study has been made possible by the use of a single-frequency fibre laser which enables us to establish an enlightening comparison between these two different types of lasers and also to surround the influence of coherence.


Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is one of many glycoprotein mediators known as lymphokines since sensitized lymphocytes secrete this macromolecule after antigen or mitogen stimulation. MIF inhibits the migration of peripheral blood monocytes.' There is increasing evidence that supports the concept of a monocyte/macrophage glycolipid receptor for MIF.24 HL60 cells are derived from a human promyelocytic leukemia which, when stimulated with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), differentiates into macrophage-like Therefore, the HL60 cell and its TPAmediated differentiation into a macrophage provide a unique model system for the study of the cellular response to human MIF. HL60 cells (8 x 105/ml) were treated for 16 hr with 1.6 x lo-' M TPA (HL60-TPA cells). They exhibited increased adherence, spreading, and the ability to respond to MIF. This last characteristic is thought to be the result of the de now0 synthesis of the glycolipid receptor for MIF because unresponsive HL60 cells became responsive to MIF when preincubated with liposomes made with a glycolipid-enriched preparation extracted from HL60-TPA cells. Material from HL60 cells was inactive in this respect. However, other glycolipid preparations from U937 and bovine brain cells were able to convert HL60 cells. Furthermore, these converting preparations were also able to enhance the monocyte response to MIF (TABLE 1). As little as 1 pg of sialic acid equivalents of glycolipid was needed to enhance or convert the M I F response of 80100 x lo6 cells (monocytes or HL60 cells). These results were not the direct effect of TPA that may have been carried through the extraction and partial purification of HL60-TPA glycolipid-enriched material. There was no difference between converting and nonconverting glycolipid preparations in their uptake by HL60 cells. HL60 cells appear to be specifically converted and enhanced upon incubation with HL60-TPA glycolipid-enriched material. Conversion did not seem to be caused by the preferential uptake of HL60-TPA glycolipids. Lymphocytes, KG1 and K562 cells could not be made M I F responsive. Proteins found in the glycolipid-enriched material have no discernible activity since pronase treatment of the HMO-TPA glycolipid preparation did not affect its conversion or enhancement activity. .


This article considers representation, identity, perception, reception, and musical appropriation, within the so-called Bahian Percussive Universe in Salvador, Bahia, through the lens of Orkestra Rumpilezz. Rumpilezz is a relatively new big band from Salvador that specializes in the mixture of local rhythms (particularly from candomble) with jazz. This orchestra portrays, constructs, and reinvents the local musical culture as centered in percussion and rhythm, engaging local and global discourses about the nature of African-derived musics. Based on ethnographic research, music analysis, and recent approaches to the study of music in society, here I discuss possible reasons for Rumpilezz's positive reception in Salvador. Resumo: Este artigo considera a representacao, identidade, recepcao e apropriacao musical dentro do conhecido universo percussivo em Salvador, Bahia, atraves da lente da Orquestra Rumpilezz. A Rumpilezz e uma Big Band relativamente nova de Salvador especializada na mistura de ritmos locais (particularmente do Candomble) com o Jazz. Esta orquestra retrata, constroi e reinventa a cultura musical local como centrada na percussao e ritmo, juntando-se aos discursos local e global sobre a natureza das musicas derivadas da Africa. Baseado em pesquisa etnografica, analise musical e abordagens recentes ao esstudo da musica na sociedade, aqui eu discuto razoes possiveis para a recepcao positiva da Rumpilezz em Salvador. Introduction Orkestra Rumpilezz is a 20-piece big band from Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) composed of horn players and percussionists. Since its founding in 2006 it made a great impression not only in Bahia, but also accross Brazil because of the centrality given to percussion, an element proudly felt to be representative of the local traditional music culture and of a larger African A NATUR


The need for large-size detectors for long-range standoff detection generated interest in waterbased detector technologies. Computational results of Cherenkov counter for neutron and gamma detection are presented. Neutron capture is enhanced by loading the tank with 0.2% wt. GdCl3 because of large neutron capture cross section of the Gd isotopes (49,000 barns for natural Gd). Neutron detection is achieved through Cherenkov light generated by Compton scatter by 8 MeV gamma-ray cascade following neutron capture on Gd. Gd absorption modeling and optical photon transport in Geant4 are described. Because of the directional nature of Cherenkov radiation, the detector performance strongly depends on the wall reflectivity and water absorption length. The number of photomultiplier tubes for photon detection can be reduced by using high-reflectivity walls.


To realize the language"burden"of this goal,and really inspire the students happy,active learning,we should start from the negative growth of teachers,must require teachers to be effective language teaching in the classroom.This paper before class,the lesson preparation,materials handling,innovative teaching methods,after-school operating arrangements,etc.,from well before class teachers"negative growth"class"burden reduction"homework"burden"the three aspects of specific Expand explained.


The supply chain risk management (SCRM) is very critical to strategically support the firms to continuous success. There are, at least, three basic steps in this SCRM process: risk identification, risk evaluation, and risk mitigation (treatment). Whatever happens, the main step is risk mitigation (RM) and mainly sustainable RM. In fact, every risk must be eliminated or controlled as much as possible. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate and evaluate various RM scenarios from an initial risk identification and prioritization solution. The proposed scenario modeling technique is based on morphological analysis (MA) as an explorative scenario tool for RM. MA is used to develop a framework to proactively assess critical risk variables. Firstly, MA is employed to exhaustively create possible RM scenarios and, secondly, to assess the likelihood of each scenario. The proposed approach addresses the need for a basic rubric to help identify and choose RM approaches. A real case study is provided from the food industry to illustrate the application of the proposed approach. To handle all possible MA strategies, a dedicated MORPHOL software package is used. In addition, RM strategies are selected based on sustainability indicators. The case study results prove that MA has a considerable value for SCRM. It shows that firms can adopt multiple robust strategies in the form of a scenario describing all stages of SCRM in an integrated representation.


Abstract : Omega is a very-low-frequency radio navigation system which is characterized by very-long-range capability and relatively high accuracy. The performance study results indicate that the use of the Omega navigation system for aircraft is entirely practical. The use of automatic velocity-aiding and automatic dead reckoning in the Mark II receiver resulted in considerable improvement over the operation of the Mark I. The velocity -aiding inputs from the true air speed and heading instruments of the aircraft enable the receiver servo to restrict operation to the narrow bandwidth necessary to correct the velocity-aiding inputs and to automatically dead reckon in high noise conditions. The Mark II operates on either hyperbolic or circular coordinates. The repeatability of 35 fixes during five evaluation flights over a period of one month was 14 fixes within one-half mile, 20 fixes within one mile and one fix slightly less than two miles. In strong signal areas, i.e., the Carribean (Hawaii--3 kilowatts (kw) radiated, 4300 nm range; Criggion, Wales--a temporary station, 0.4 kw radiated, 3600 nm range; and Forestport--0.2 kw radiated, 1300 nm range) navigation is continuous and precise. (Author)


printing of the renowned Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia'3 ("latest edition orig. pub. 1911") brightened my day when it crossed my desk: eleven "handsomely printed, sturdily bound" volumes for $1,250, with discounts for prepublication and prepaid orders.1 I thought of the shabby library sets?on flaking, yellowing paper?that could be replaced. Sweeter still was the se cret of my personal copy of the dictionary, picked up some forty years ago in a Chi cago bookstore for seven or eight dollars: five volumes, with the De Vinne type and the engraved illustrations gleaming on du rably white Britannica India paper. (In fairness it should be added that my copy?presumably issued for sale with the eleventh edition of The Encyclopaedia Britannica ?lacked both The Century Cyclo pedia of Names [included in the reprint as volume 11] and The Century Atlas of the World [volume 12 of the 1911 edition but apparently not included in the reprint as announced]. Both of these I bought later from the same bookseller [not on India pa per] to make up a mongrel "set.") Although folklore has clung to 1911 as the date of the latest revision, my copy of the dictionary carries copyrights of 1913 and 1914 and includes a reference to the Progressive party convention of 1912. A letter to me from the D. Appleton-Cen tury Company in 1944 stated that my "1914 edition" was the last printed. Any one curious enough to look in Sonnenschein will find a date of 1915. As a devotee of the


The examination and management of hypertension (blood Pressure) is regularly a complicated process. Recently, mobile health technologies and data mining techniques are increasingly being used in improving the self-management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Several studies have proven its efficiency. Further, research has shown that increased awareness of the disease helps the patients to effectively manage their chronic diseases and consequently reduce the complications arising due to chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. This paper presents an innovative social hypertension awareness and management system for hypertensive patients in gulf countries, Saudi Arabia is chosen as case study. The presented system makes use of data mining parallel with mobile health technologies. The aim of the system is to improve hypertension management and awareness to patients in gulf countries. It also aims to empower them with relevant knowledge about disease using technology. The proposed system presented in this paper will be tested and evaluated extensively in a random controlled trial in Saudi Arabia.


Displacement estimation is a critical component of elastography. The measurement of sub-resolution displacements relies on high cross-correlation (CC) between repeated collinear RF acquisitions. CCs are degraded by common sources of acoustic noise, such as reverberation clutter, in addition to the displacement of scatterers within the radiation force field. CCs are also degraded spatially across the aperture when imaging diffuse scatterers. Previously, we proposed a method that defines an equivalent CC calculation utilizing the CCs of the individual channel signals. In this method, poor CCs are rejected from the channel-signal pairs, resulting in reduced jitter in simulation experiments. Here, we characterize the performance of the channel-based method in radiation force displacement estimation in a phantom study under ideal and noisy imaging conditions.


We review the crystallization of hafnium-oxide-based ferroelectrics intended for back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration. We discuss furnace, rapid thermal, and nanosecond Laser anneals of undoped and aluminum-doped HfO<inf>2</inf> as well as of hafnium zirconium oxide, Hf<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>O<inf>2</inf>. Crystallization and phase formation during rapid anneal is characterized via temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction. We also demonstrate a ferroelectric tunnel junction formed via nanosecond Laser anneal of undoped HfO<inf>2</inf>.


The main purpose of this project is to develop a tool able to solve an optimal power flow (OPF) for a grid that connects wind power plants to consumption centers. The grid combines alternating current and direct current systems and the solution of the problem is focused on minimizing the losses and regulating the DC voltage through a correct integration and formulation of both transmission systems.


Labeling systems are an important component in designing a university website. In order to avoid misinformation, website developers need to design a website labeling system that can represent information that a website owner wants to deliver to the users of her website. One way of designing a labeling system is by comparing and studying the labeling system used on competitor's websites. Syntactic similarity is usually used for comparing the websites' labels. However, it has a limitation that can only calculate similarities based on strings only, so that the possibility of two compared labels having the same meaning will be considered as different labels. To provide the meaning of the label, the comparison using semantic similarity is used. However, semantic similarity has limitations such as not being able to process two words or more and possibly having no path exists between two word senses. Therefore, this research proposes a hybrid similarity where the highest result of syntactic and semantic similarity comparison between two labels is combined and able to cover the limitation of two methods. The hybrid similarity shows the results of possibility of higher score between combined syntactic and semantic similarity score with suggestion on the list label (based on semantic result). The expert suggest output of hybrid list label to help developer create and reviewing existing label, and then participant who answers the questionnaires 82.16% agree with label that show the acceptance of the label. The list label based on hybrid score can help and assisting the web developer to create new labeling systems for a new website. It is also help developer to improving an existing website's labeling systems. Keywords: university website, labeling systems, syntactic similarity, semantic similarity, hybrid similarity, Levensthein Distance, Wu and Palmer.


The concept of M-convex functions plays a central role in \discrete convex analysis," a uni ed framework of discrete optimization recently developed by Murota and others. This paper gives two new characterizations of M/M \ -convex functions generalizing Gul and Stacchetti's results on the equivalence among the single improvement condition, the gross substitutes condition and the no complementarities condition for set functions (utility functions on f0; 1g vectors) as well as Fujishige and Yang's observation on the connection to M-convexity. We also discuss implications of our results in an exchange economy with indivisible goods. Kazuo Murota Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. phone: +81-75-753-7221, facsimile: +81-75-753-7272 e-mail: email@example.com. Akihisa Tamura Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. phone: +81-75-753-7236, facsimile: +81-75-753-7272 e-mail: email@example.com. y This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.


A new method for the determination of 16 kinds of mineral elements in different varities of wine-making grapes,such as K,Ca,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Rb,Sr and Pb,has been developed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence(TXRF) with constant pressure digestion.The lower limit of detection(LLD) and the limit of determination(LDM) of different element were calculated to be 0.001~0.045 mg/L and 0.003~0.144 mg/kg respectively with certified reference material(CRM,GBW10026) used as the test sample and dispelled at 180 ℃ for 4 h.TXRF analytical results of 16 kinds of mineral elements were in the range of CRM consistent standard values with RSD between 0 % ~6.7 %.This method has the advantages of easy operation,low sample consumption and low detection limit.


Three insects were introduced into South Africa for the biological control of the alien invasive weed Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C. Wendl. (Proteaceae) some 30 to 40 years ago. These agents included a fruit weevil, Erytenna consputa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a seed moth, Carposina autologa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) and a shoot-boring weevil, Cydmaea binotata Lea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). A strain of a local fungus, Colletotrichum acutatum (Penz) Sacc, has also been exploited as a mycoherbicide. Despite these biological control efforts, the weed still persists and forms dense monocultures that displace the natural vegetation. In 2001 permission was granted to release a stem-boring beetle, Aphanasium australe (Boisduval) (Cerambycidae), for the biological control of H. sericea in South Africa. The larvae of the beetle tunnel within the base of the stems and sub-surface roots of the tree and this is the first insect agent that has been introduced that can kill hakea trees. The collection of A. australe in Australia, culturing in quarantine, and the release techniques used to establish the beetle in South Africa are discussed. Aphanasium australe has established at half of the 23 release sites recently surveyed to determine establishment. It is concluded that although it is too early to predict the likely success of A. australe on H. sericea in South Africa, the prognosis is good given the early signs of mortality at some of the sites.


The tensile strength of asphalt mixtures is one of the main parameters of deterioration and failure in flexible pavements. Hence, in this study, the effects of reinforcing asphalt mixtures, using polypropylene fibers, on their engineering performance were experimentally investigated. A set of cylindrical specimens of asphalt mixtures was prepared and subjected to a compressive load at different testing temperatures in terms of evaluation of the indirect tensile stiffness modulus. Similarly, fatigue (four-point bending) and crack propagate (three-point bending) tests were conducted for different asphalt mixtures made with and without polypropylene fibres. The impacts of such fibres on the engineering properties of asphalt mixtures were studied. The laboratory results revealed that the reinforced mixtures with polypropylene fibres had a noticeable influence on the tensile, fatigue and cracking initiation and propagation of these mixtures.


Aims Although a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) is an established factor influencing lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, the effect of sex on Lp(a) concentration remains unclear. A potential cause of the conflicting findings regarding the effect of sex on this novel CAD risk factor is the limited ability of the studies, to date, to adequately control for the potential confounding effect of CAD familial predisposition. Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of sex on Lp(a) concentration in healthy young individuals by controlling for family history of CAD. In order to achieve our goal, we compared Lp(a) levels in pairs of brothers and sisters with a positive parental history of premature myocardial infarction (PHPMI). Methods We measured Lp(a) concentration in 77 healthy brother–sister pairs with PHPMI (mean age: brothers: 18.4 ± 6.2 years and sisters: 18.1 ± 5.8 years). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and B were also measured. Results Lp(a) levels did not differ between siblings of different sex (male vs. female sex: 0.994 ± 1.29 vs. 0.860 ± 0.82 μmol/l, P = 0.940); moreover, the prevalence of elevated (>1.071 μmol/l) Lp(a) concentrations between sexes was the same (29.9%). As expected, compared to female sex, male sex showed higher total/HDL-cholesterol ratio (3.642 ± 0.99 vs. 3.329 ± 0.89, P = 0.017) and lower HDL-cholesterol (1.221 ± 0.24 vs. 1.343 ± 0.28 mmol/l, P = 0.001), Apo A-I (1.390 ± 0.20 vs. 1.474 ± 0.23 g/l, P = 0.003) concentrations and Apo A-I/Apo B ratio (1.632 ± 0.49 vs. 1.830 ± 0.66, P = 0.016). Conclusion Our results show that healthy young men with PHPMI have a similar Lp(a) levels but worse lipid profile than women.


Objective
To investigate the effects of different control methods in cuff pressure (Pcuff) on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) for the patient receiving mechanical ventilation with implication of artificial airway by oral endotracheal intubation.

Methods
A total of 80 patients receiving mechanical ventilation with oral endotracheal were numbered according to the order of using mechanical ventilation. Patients with odd numbers were recruited into intervention group (40 cases) , while patients with even numbers were included in control group (40 cases) . Patients in intervention group used Arto continuous air pressure control device to continuously control the cuff pressure, while the control group used German VBM airbags pressure gauge to measure and regulate cuff pressure three times a day. Sputum specimens of patients were taken and pepsin levels were tested at tracheal intubation, 48 h and 96 h post mechanical ventilation. Pcuff, pepsin levels in sputum specimens and the incidence of VAP were compared between two groups.

Results
At 96 h post mechanical ventilation, Pcuff of patients in intervention group were in the ideal range (20~30cmH2O) for 479 times, and in control group the number were 389 times. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=124.830, P<0.01) . The pepsin levels of sputum specimens in intervention group were (617.32±67.13) and (653.13±71.32) ng/ml at 48 h and 96 h post mechanical ventilation, both of which were significantly lower than those in control group (t=-11.217, -14.500; P<0.01) . The incidences of VAP were 25.0% and 47.5% in intervention and control group respectively, with statistically significant difference between two groups (χ2=4.381, P<0.05) .

Conclusions
The continuous air pressure control device can better keep the air pressure in the ideal range and reduce gastric contents aspiration of the patients with mechanical ventilation so as to reduce the incidence of VAP.

Key words:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia; Pepsin; Misaspiration; Continuous artificial airway; Cuff pressure


It is expected that females preferentially oviposit on plant hosts that allow for optimal larval performance. However, this expectation contradicts empirical evidence where adults do not always choose the best host for their descendants. Recent evidence suggests that females' host selection depends on the number of potential hosts. Females from oligophagous species seem to be able to choose an appropriate host in terms of larval performance, whereas in polyphagous species, adult oviposition preference is not related with larval performance. This suggests that larvae in polyphagous species could be taking a more active role in host selection than their mothers. Here, we evaluated the oviposition preference and the larval preference and performance of two polyphagous species of economic importance, Copitarsia decolora (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Cuculliinae) and Peridroma saucia (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae), on eight species of cultivated plants. In laboratory and greenhouse choice assays, we tested adult preference for oviposition and larval preference at 1 and 24 h. Larval performance was measured in terms of survival to adulthood, length of larval period, and pupal weight. We found that both adult females and larvae actively choose their hosts and that the larval preference toward the hosts is related to the females' preference in both herbivore species. However, the females and larvae did not preferentially select the host with the best larval performance, indicating that larval performance is not related to female or larval preference and that other selective pressures are influencing the choice of the host plant in these two species.


Improving Representational Competence in Chemistry with Model-Based Feedback Shamin Padalkar (email@example.com) Mary Hegarty (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Abstract Diagrams Used in this Study Representational competence is an important component of learning Organic Chemistry. However, students are seen to be incompetent in translating from one kind of molecular diagram to another. An instructional method informed by spatial cognition research was designed and administered individually. The instruction involved having students check their solutions by attempting to match concrete models to their solution. The instruction helped students in the experimental group to identify their mistakes, understand the usefulness of concrete models and lead to large improvements in performance for the experimental group. Keywords: concrete visualization. models; chemistry Dash-Wedge Diagram (Sometimes referred to, as perspective formula): In a Dash-Wedge diagram (Figure 1a), the molecule is oriented with the backbone carbons 1 at the two 4-way intersections of lines on the left and right of the diagram. Dashed lines represent bonds to atoms that are going into the page (below the plane of the paper). Wedge lines represent atoms that are coming out of the page (above the plane of the paper). Solid lines represent bonds to atoms that are in the plane of the paper. CH 3 education; H CH 3 H H 3 3 C C Introduction The literature in science education and chemistry education in particular, shows that interconnected cognitive skills, such as visualization, construction of mental models, model based reasoning, and representational competence are essential for acquiring mastery in the discipline (Kozma & Russell, 2005; Coll, 2006; Justi and Gilbert 2006; Treagust & Chittleborough, 2001). Kozma & Russell (2005) define 'representational competence' in the context of chemistry as 'a set of skills and practices that allow a person to reflectively use a variety of representations or visualizations, singly and together, to think about, communicate, and act on chemical phenomena in terms of underlying, aperceptual physical entities and processes'. Representational competence is particularly important in organic chemistry. Organic chemists use several different representations of molecules, including different kinds of diagrams, models, and equations, for different purposes. For example, three kinds of diagrams are commonly used in organic chemistry and are introduced in the introductory college course on this topic. Mastering these diagrams is challenging, because they use different conventions to represent the three-dimensional (3-D) arrangement of atoms in the molecules in the two-dimensions of the printed page. They are also drawn from different orthogonal perspectives. This paper describes a study in which we examined students' ability to translate between these models, and tested an educational intervention that was designed to improve their representational competence using 3-D molecular models. Examples of the three types of diagrams are given in Fig. 1 and their conventions and a brief description of each is given below. H H OH H CH H 3 H OH 3 C CH CH 3 H 3 C H CH 3 a. Dash-Wedge diagram b. Newman projection CH 3 HO H H H CH 3 c. Fischer projection d. Ball-stick model Figure 2: 2-Butanol molecule presented in three types of diagrams and concrete models used in Figure 1: 2-Butanol molecule presented in this three study types of diagrams and concrete models used in this study Newman Projections: In a Newman projection (Figure 1b), the molecule is oriented with one backbone carbon in front of the other. The front carbon is located at the intersection of the 3 lines (noon, 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock around the circle). The substituents (atoms or groups of atoms) at the ends of these three lines are attached to the front carbon. The rear carbon is behind the circle. The substituents at the ends of the shorter lines connected to the circle (2 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 10 o'clock around the circle) are attached to the rear carbon. Carbon backbone: longest series of covalently bonded carbon atoms in an organic compound.


1Funding support: This project was supported by grant number RO1 AI060460 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The ACTG is supported by grant number AI-68636 and the Vanderbilt DNA Resources Core by grant number RR024975. The ACTG Clinical Trials Sites that collected DNA were supported by NIH grants AI64086, AI68636, AI68634, AI069471, AI27661, AI069439, AI25859, AI069477, AI069513, AI069452, AI27673, AI069419, AI069474, AI69411, AI69423, AI69494, AI069484, AI069472, AI069501, AI69467, AI069450, AI32782, AI69465, AI069424, AI38858, AI069447, AI069495, AI069502, AI069556, AI069432, AI46370, AI069532, AI046376, AI34853, and AI069434. The content of this study is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIAID or the National Institutes of Health (US). The project was additionally supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Corresponding author: Dr Mina John Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics, Level 2, North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth WA 6000, Australia, Ph: 61+ (0)892242899, Fax: 61+ (0)892242920, email@example.com. Publisher's Disclaimer: Disclaimer: This is an author-produced version of a manuscript accepted for publication in The Journal of Immunology (The JI). The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. (AAI), publisher of The JI, holds the copyright to this manuscript. This manuscript has not yet been copyedited or subjected to editorial proofreading by The JI; hence it may differ from the final version published in The JI (online and in print). AAI (The JI) is not liable for errors or omissions in this author-produced version of the manuscript or in any version derived from it by the United States National Institutes of Health or any other third party. The final, citable version of record can be found at www.jimmunol.org." Web resources Source code for the program used to compute HLA-HIV polymorphism associations is available at http://www.microsoft.com/science. The CD8 T cell epitope prediction program cited in this paper is available at http://atom.research.microsoft.com/bio/epipred.aspx Accession numbers The GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/) accession numbers for AACTG 5142/5128 cohort HIV-1 sequences reported in this paper are GQ371216-GQ371763 (gag), GQ371764-GQ372317 (pol), GQ372318-GQ372824 and GQ398382-GQ398387 (nef) and GU727870-GU731062 (remaining genes). Patient specific genetic (HLA) data cannot be posted publically however data may be shared with collaborators for specific research projects subject to approval by the appropriate study teams and IRBs governing ACTG A5128 and the WAHCS materials and data. Please contact the corresponding author. NIH Public Access


The MNS blood group system is comprised of two glycoproteins Glycophorin A (GPA) and Glycophorin B (GPB), as well as a number of hybrid glycoproteins comprised of various combinations of the two. This blood group system is highly antigenic (second largest in complexity only to Rh), yet contains a number of clinically significant antigens that do not currently have commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) available for blood typing. Accurate blood typing techniques are a critical component in reducing transfusion related incidents including haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.This project focused on two main aims: 1) Identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind antigens on GPB through the use of phage display technology and biopanning techniques, 2) Development of in silico models of MNS glycoproteins notably GPA, GPB and hybrid variant GP.Mur in their monomeric and homodimer state.After multiple attempts to use biopanning to identify mAbs against MNS antigens, the findings from this study show that the use of a linear peptide for GPB antigens is an unsuitable target to produce mAbs via biopanning. From a naive library mAbs were identified that bound to the target peptide, none bound the region on red blood cells. This was the case for a peptide of the JENU/U antigens, the entire GPB extracellular domain, and GPB expressed on CHO and HEK cells.The aforementioned discovery fueled the production of the first ever structural models of the extracellular domain of GPA, B and GP.Mur. These models were intended to be used as a method of better understanding native antigen presentation on a red blood cell, which could thus be critical for mAb development. In silico techniques were used to produce these models due to a lack of existing structural information (where no X-ray crystallography, NMR or cryo-EM structures currently exist for these proteins or sufficiently homologous protein structures).The produced models provided new insights into MNS protein structures including: the monomeric form of GPA, B and GP.Mur appear to be highly disordered; through use of dimerisation of the extracellular domain and transmembrane domain the overall extracellular domain protein structure is stabilised and secondary/tertiary structures are better retained. The produced models also gave new insight into the interaction of GPA and Band 3 in the production of the Wrb antigen, as well as alterations between GPB and GP.Mur's presentation of the s antigen and U antigen.Ultimately, this study shows the potential for computer modelling as a new tool in understanding antigen presentation of blood group systems, as well as discusses alterations regarding target presentation of MNS antigens, and methods of producing mAbs, based off the knowledge gained from both laboratory experiments and computer modelled structures.


Frequent cultivation of high yielding rice varieties (HYV) for increased food production are the key reasons for massive application of groundwater based irrigation in the rice fields of Bangladesh ...


A foamed isocyanate-based polymer having a cellular structure and containing a superabsorbent material, the polymer being capable of: (i) absorbing at least about 20 times its weight of an aqueous fluid maintained at a temperature of from about 20° to about 25 °C, and (ii) retaining at least about 20 times its weight of absorbed aqueous fluid which is bound to the superabsorbent material. A process for producing a foamed isocyanate-based polymer comprising the steps of: providing a substantially uniform mixture comprising an isocyanate, an active hydrogen-containing compound and a superabsorbent material, the superabsorbent material being capable of absorbing at least about 20 times its weight of an aqueous fluid maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 20° to about 25 °C; adding to the substantially uniform mixture an aqueous blowing agent and a catalyst to form a reaction mixture; and expanding the reaction mixture to produce the foamed isocyanate-based polymer; wherein the active hydrogen-containing compound comprises from about 10 % to 100 % by weight of a hydrophilic active hydrogen-containing compound and from 0 to about 90 % by weight a non-hydrophilic active hydrogen-containing compound. The foamed isocyanate-based polymer is ideally suitable for use in an absorption layer in a personal hygiene device.


This paper presents an application of an embedded dual-port block memory which can be configured in FPGA.The memory includes circuit wiring with the other blocks,configurable logic including configurable decoding,high-speed read and write abilities.In the programming state,it can be cleared of all storage units,and can be used for two separate ports of memory after programmed.When combined with other FPGA logic blocks,it can achieve functions such as FIFO.Based on 2.5V power supply voltage and chart 0.22μm CMOS singlepoly five aluminum production process design,the flow sheet results showed that it meets the highest operating frequency of 200MHz,and memory function can be realized in different digits.


Disclosed is a medicated patch comprising 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone. Specifically disclosed is a medicated patch having a percutaneously absorbable preparation layer. The percutaneously absorbable preparation layer comprises 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, a dissolving agent and an aqueous base material (or a rubber-type base material), wherein the active ingredient is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30 mass% relative to the total amount of the percutaneously absorbable preparation layer.


Using a Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) warship project, this paper illustrates Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) challenges and how these challenges can benefit from more effective R&M management. One of the major R&M challenges discussed in this paper is that while the system uses commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions as much as possible, the goal is to create a system that operates longer and requires less maintenance. This requires higher component reliability and system availability, sound maintenance planning and obsolescence management. This paper discusses the possible mitigation techniques of various challenges, particularly on obsolesce management. Although this paper uses a RCN project as an example for discussion purposes, the R&M challenges discussed herein apply to all defence and commercial systems. These challenges are not unique to this RCN project.


Local development strategies, policies and initiatives that contribute to sustainable development are gaining increasing prominence. Cooperative societies—the most relevant organisations within the social economy—are widely present in Andalusia and play a key role in boosting sustainable development through their principles and values. On this basis, the article aims to determine whether certain areas in Andalusia are more predisposed to the presence of these enterprises and are more sustainable as a result. The methods used include an adapted shift-share analysis and application of local Moran's I to obtain spatial clusters allowing the areas most favourable to the presence of this type of organisation to be identified. Therefore, one of the main contributions of the study is that it provides a tool for the application of local development policies, strategies and initiatives involving cooperatives in pursuit of a more sustainable society.


The prophylactic effect of low doses of subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major gynaecological surgery was investigated in a clinical trial involving 110 patients. Evidence of thrombosis was detected by the 1251‐labelled fibrinogen test in 16 out of 55 patients (29 per cent) in the control group, and in 2 out of 55 patients (3.6 per cent) in the heparin‐treated group. Only longevity had a significant association with the development of deep vein thrombosis.


Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the Deltocephalinae leafhoppers Elymanakozhevnikovi and E.sulphurella arehosttofourbacteriocyte-associatedmicroorganisms: Sulcia (phylum Bacteroidetes), Nasuia (phylum Proteobacteria, class Betaproteobacteria), Arsenophonus (phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria) and Sodalis -like bacteria (phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria). Ultrastructural observations showed that in some bacteriocytes, apart from Sulcia, small elongated, rod-shaped bacteria are likewise present. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the occurrence of Sodalis -like bacteria in these bacteriocytes. Sodalis -like bacteria were also distributed in some cells of the bacteriome sheath. Nasuia and Arsenophonus co-existed in the same bacteriocytes. Moreover, Arsenophonus bacteria were dispersed in fat body cells. Wolbachia and Rickettsia were also detected alongside bacteriocyte-associated symbionts in E. kozhevnikovi and E. sulphurella . Sulcia , Nasuia , Arsenophonus and Sodalis -like bacteria are transovarially transmitted from one generation to the next.


The phenomena taking place at the early stage of Al deoxidation were investigated with specific attention on the formation of Al2O3 inclusions. In a quartz tube, Al was exposed to liquid Fe containing different amounts of dissolved oxygen ((O) under bar) for 1, 5, 30 and 60s. In this paper, quenched microstructures of the diffusion couple were examined to identify the interactions and the nature of the phases at the experimental temperature. They revealed that the reaction zone was composed of successive layers of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds, as predicted by the phase diagram of the system, i.e. alpha Fe(Al), FeAl, FeAl2, Fe2Al5 and FeAl3. Based on the microstructure, the concentration profiles, diffusion processes in solid and liquid phases, and the behavior of Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone, it was demonstrated that the reaction zone was completely liquid and that the solid Fe shell melted for the samples with holding time of 30 and 60 s.


The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education is a committee sponsored by the American Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. It was organized in 1932 and is a direct outgrowth of a survey committee created by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy five years earlier. In 1927, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy appointed a committee to make a comprehensive survey of pharmacy for the purpose of obtaining information which might be used as the basis for establishing standards for colleges of pharmacy. This committee was designated the Pharmaceutical Survey Committee. In 1928, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy was tendered and accepted an invitation to join the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy in the furtherance of this survey project. Owing, however, to the difficulties experienced in raising the funds necessary to carry on the contemplated work, the project was abandoned and, in 1932, there was organized a new committee consisting of three representatives from each, the American Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and one representative from the American Council on Education. The new committee was given the title of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, and a constitution and by-laws providing for its organization and the conduct of its business were drafted and approved by the constituent organizations. The Council held its first meeting in Toronto, Canada, on August 26, 1932. Since then, it has held one or more meetings each year. Its activities up to the present time have been confined largely to the work incident to the drafting of standards to be used in the accreditment of colleges of pharmacy. The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, as the foregoing historical statement makes clear, was established for the purpose of setting up an accrediting agency in pharmaceutical education comparable to similar bodies now functioning in medicine, law, dentistry, and other professional fields. It is believed that the Council can, and will, exercise a constructive influence in raising the standards of pharmaceutical education as the desire to meet the requirements for accreditment will stimulate the colleges to improve their teaching facilities and to adhere more rigidly than heretofore to sound educational procedures. It is also believed that the work of the Council will be of great benefit to the examining boards as it will make available to them an authoritative list of the colleges of pharmacy of this country which conform to acceptable educational standard's. …


We describe a video-rate in vivo confocal microscopy, that is designed specifically for live animal imaging. In vivo depth-sectioned, high-resolution images are obtained using confocal scheme that extract structural and functional information. Multiple contrast mechanisms, including fluorescence (single- and two-photon excitation), back scattering, second harmonic generation will be discussed. Sample image and video clips obtained in vivo with the microscope is presented.


The integrated simulation of electrical and thermal behavior of an AC-DC power supply is investigated. The approach is based on a conventional electric circuit model combined with a thermal resistive model, processed by a unique simulation program that provides fast steady state calculations. Results are critically compared to actual thermal measurements


The US Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, has sponsored a project to simulate the behavior of tight, fractured, strata-bound gas reservoirs that arise from irregular discontinuous, or clustered networks of fractures. New FORTRAN codes have been developed to generate fracture networks, or simulate reservoir drainage/recharge, and to plot the fracture networks and reservoirs pressures. Ancillary codes assist with raw data analysis.


An electron-nuclear double resonance spectrometer to study the Overhauser effect at magnetic fields near 30 G and over a wide temperature range is described. A combination of high Q in the electron resonance cavity with sensitive nuclear resonance detection makes observations on high dielectric loss samples practical. Examples of enhanced nuclear resonance sensitivity (for protons, fluorine, lithium and phosphorus nuclei) are given with an application of the apparatus for very accurate measurements of electron spin resonance parameters at low fields.


Nonlinear wave mixing in mesoscopic silicon structures is a fundamental nonlinear process with broad impact and applications. Silicon nanowire waveguides, in particular, have large third‐order Kerr nonlinearity, enabling salient and abundant four‐wave‐mixing dynamics and functionalities. Besides the Kerr effect, in silicon waveguides two‐photon absorption generates high free‐carrier densities, with corresponding fifth‐order nonlinearity in the forms of free‐carrier dispersion and free‐carrier absorption. However, whether these fifth‐order free‐carrier nonlinear effects can lead to six‐wave‐mixing dynamics still remains an open question until now. Here we report the demonstration of free‐carrier‐induced six‐wave mixing in silicon nanowires. Unique features, including inverse detuning dependence of six‐wave‐mixing efficiency and its higher sensitivity to pump power, are originally observed and verified by analytical prediction and numerical modeling. Additionally, asymmetric sideband generation is observed for different laser detunings, resulting from the phase‐sensitive interactions between free‐carrier six‐wave‐mixing and Kerr four‐wave‐mixing dynamics. These discoveries provide a new path for nonlinear multi‐wave interactions in nanoscale platforms.


he terms attention and distraction have become—at least since Georg Simmel, Walter Benjamin, and Siegfried Kracauer— emblematic signifiers for effects of modernization in capitalist society that are usually discussed along the lines of such concepts as mass media, automation, or the metropolis (Crary). (Post)structuralist theoreticians like Roland Barthes consequently tried to conceptualize the role of attentiveness in the act of reading, using terms such as "drift," "passivity," and "pleasure" (Barthes). Rainald Goetz's Internet journal Abfall für alle. Roman eines Jahres develops a theory of attentiveness that explicitly tries to account—at the very end of the twentieth century—for the impact of the "new media," such as TV and Internet, on the "old medium" of literature. What are the "Technologien der Herstellung von Attraktivität" (Franck, Ökonomie 13)? How can the writer manage and productively use attention, which is "scarce and expensive" (Franck and Franck), and use the "tightness of Aufmerksamkeit as an energy" (Franck and Franck)? The writing of a daily Internet journal, covering exactly one year, becomes the site of an intense discussion of the relationship between reception and production, reading and writing. Reception in a state of distracted attention—to slightly modify Benjamin's famous phrase "die Rezeption in der Zerstreuung" ("Das Kunstwerk" 505)—not only constitutes the motor for Goetz's literary production but also encapsulates the conditions of any modern artistic endeavor. Abfall für alle—a documentation of Goetz's reception in a state of distracted attention—contains not only poetological reflections but also a wide array of different text forms: from poems to travel logs, transcriptions of popular TV shows, and descriptions of minute details of


The variation law of the effect of natural gas saturation on the reservoir rocks' elastic parameters,such as elastic moduli,P-wave and S-wave velocities,Lame constant,Poisson's ratio,is studied based on 3D digital cores.The results show that gas saturation of reservoir rocks has little influence on S-wave velocity and the S-wave velocity increases slowly with the increase of gas saturation.The elastic parameters,such as Lame constant,Poisson's ratio,P-wave velocity,the ratio of P-wave velocity to S-wave velocity,decrease as the gas saturation increases.Moreover,they are changed sharply when the sandstone contains very small amount of gas.After comparing the change ratios of the elastic parameters with the variation of gas saturation,it is found the Lame constant is most sensitive to the variation of gas saturation,followed by Poisson's ratio,bulk modulus and the ratio of P-wave velocity to S-wave velocity.Through this study,the parameter which is sensitive to change of gas saturation can be used to calculate gas saturation of reservoir rocks in order to improve the calculation accuracy.


. Route planning applications are digital companions of many travelers, enabling them to experience different locations in a self-determined way. This work surveys the variety of commercial applications and research prototypes for itinerary planning with the goal of evaluating the interactivity aspect of these tools. For this purpose a framework to classify the interaction mechanisms and usage features of route planning applications has been developed that differentiates between the point-of-interest and the aggregate tour layer. This proposed framework is applied to classify existing apps and points to opportunities for further research.


Young people account for one fifth of the world's population and according to the population projections of Planning Commission of India, they contribute to 22.8% of the Indian population. Majority of these young people constitute student population acquiring higher education who may contribute to future workforce of the country. These young people, across the globe, especially in developing countries where the population density and growth is also highest, face unprecedented challenges in their capacity to access public resources and family resources, stemmed from waves of cultural and economic globalisation. Educational qualification levels of the people in the age group 15 to 29 are also expected to improve significantly in the next decade. Growing enrolments in higher education and rising rates of return on it, in not only advanced countries but also many developing countries tend to make a case for expanding higher education to reach larger number of people across the world and India is not an exception. Hence the paper seeks to study the higher education development in India and analyses employability of higher education sector in India and its transition to labour market. The study shows that India with enormous population of 1.21 billion people and an expanding economy, is in urgent demand for qualified work force. Finding reliable solutions for developing the higher education system to facilitate sustainable economic growth is the call, which will require persistent policy, polity and political motivation in the right direction from the stakeholders which lacks at the moment in the country.


Bingham plastics, which exhibit a finite yield stress at zero shear rate, have been used to model the flow behavior of certain heavy oils at reservoir conditions. In such fluids, the onset of flow and displacement occurs only after the applied pressure gradient exceeds a minimum value. Understanding the flow behavior of such fluids has been limited to phenomenological approaches. In this paper, we present numerical simulations and experimental visualization of flow and immiscible displacement of Bingham plastics in porous media using micromodels. First, we describe a novel pore network simulation approach to determine the onset of flow. The dependence of the critical yield stress on the pore-size distribution is discussed. Visualization experiments of the constant-rate immiscible displacement of Bingham plastics in glass micromodels and Hele-Shaw cells are next presented. The process is subsequently simulated in a pore network. Experiments are successfully simulated with the pore network model. We discuss the effect of the yield stress and injection rate on the displacement patterns. We also propose a classification of the displacement patterns, similar to that for Newtonian displacement.


BACKGROUND
Glucose degradation products (GDP) present in heat-sterilized dialysis fluids are thought to contribute to cellular dysfunction and membrane damage during peritoneal dialysis. To examine the effects of specific GDP on the remesothelialization process, the impact of conventional and low GDP peritoneal dialysis solutions, D-glucose, and individual GDP in a scratch-wounding model was assessed.

METHODS
Scratch (0.5 to 0.6 mm)-wounded human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were treated, at pH 7.4, with either (1) control medium (M199), (2) laboratory-prepared heat or filter-sterilized solutions, (3) 10% to 80% vol/vol solution of Gambrosol or Gambrosol-trio (1.5% and 4.0% glucose), (4) D-glucose (5 to 80 mmol/L), or (5) individual or combined GDP [acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 5-hydroxy methylfufural (5-HMF), or 3,4-di-deoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE)]. Wound closure was recorded by time-lapse photomicroscopy.

RESULTS
In untreated HPMC, the rate of wound closure was linear and the process was complete by 18.4 +/- 3.6 hours (N = 16). In wounded HPMC exposed to dilutions of heat-sterilized but not filtered laboratory solutions (1.5% or 4.0% glucose, pH 7.4), remesothelialization was significantly retarded (P = 0.04 and P = 0.009 vs. M199, respectively). In Gambrosol, remesothelialization was significantly retarded in both 1.5% and 4.0% solutions. In contrast in Gambrosol-trio-treated HPMC, this rate was not significantly reduced in either 1.5% or 4.0% glucose peritoneal dialysis fluids. Remesothelialization was dose-dependently retarded in HPMC exposed to 3,4-DGE (>10 microl/L), formaldehyde (>5 micromol/L) but not by exposure to the other GDP tested even at 5 times the concentration present in low glucose solutions. The rate of remesothelialization was not significantly altered by exposure to D-glucose concentrations up to 80 mmol/L.

CONCLUSION
These data identify that the formaldehyde and 3,4-DGE present in heat-sterilized peritoneal dialysis solutions are important in reducing mesothelial cell regeneration. Specifically targeting their removal may have major benefits in preserving the mesothelium during long-term peritoneal dialysis.


The primary objective of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Level 1 performance-related specification (PRS) for the construction of a jointed plain concrete (JPC) pavement in the State of Wisconsin. The research entailed a thorough evaluation of the construction quality levels achieved on recent Wisconsin JPC projects and the formulation of a Level 1 PRS using the results of the quality evaluation and defined Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) pavement practices as a basis. The Level 1 PRS defined the sampling and testing requirements for four acceptance quality characteristics (AQCs)―thickness, strength, air content, and smoothness―and the corresponding performance-based pay factor curves for each AQC. The Level 1 PRS was included as an overriding special provision in the December 2005 letting of a JPC paving project located on I-39/90/94 near Madison, Wisconsin. Implementation of the PRS took place March through June 2006, corresponding to the mainline and tied-shoulder paving performed in both directions on this project. AQC measurements obtained from the I-39/90/94 project were used to compute PRS pay factors and establish pay adjustments for the contractor. High smoothness and strength levels achieved by the contractor coupled with more generous incentives for smoothness as compared to existing WisDOT specifications, resulted in significant incentives for the contractor under the PRS. Feedback from WisDOT and the contractor indicated that this first PRS implementation in Wisconsin was successful, particularly with respect to the layouts of lots and sublots. Several suggestions were received to improve and streamline the PRS process.


Recently I taught a workshop at the Institute of Formation and Religious Studies in Manila. The group included a large number and variety of women religious from different Asian countries, as well as Protestant clergywomen, and lay women and men from different churches. Together we struggled to find a new vision of the church which would be one of peace, justice, and the inclusion of women, as well as men, in all aspects of leadership and decision-making. As we gathered in mixed groups, both large and small, we constituted what I call "church in the round": "a community of faith and struggle working to anticipate God's New Creation by becoming partners with those who are at the margins of church and society." (1) This gathering in the Philippines reminded me again and again that mission is alive and well. Here were women and men risking their lives to work in solidarity with workers, peasants, excluded groups and all the rest. They understood their calling to mission as a call to serve those in need, and to proclaim the good news that God cares about the broken and despised of every nation. Such was the view of a sister from Vietnam, where speaking the gospel in public is forbidden. She told of reaching out to people to help them in their need and thus living out the gospel through service. The gathering also reminded me that colonialism is alive and well, and that the same is true of forms of domination in the church and our societies. Countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America may describe their circumstances as postcolonial, but in reality the world looks very much neo-colonial as modern global capitalism and US imperialism manage to control the life and death of people across the globe. One witness to this was the testimony of a human rights worker who is wanted by the death squads in Mindoro in the Philippines, and a twelve-year old girl who witnessed her parents' arrest and death while hiding in her home. This intimidation, torture and military harassment is part of a systematic neo-colonial policy of the United States to support state terrorism against the Philippine people in order to open lands to development by multinational corporations. Such structures of domination and subordination call for a new look at church missions and their traditional connection to colonialism and to structures of patriarchy. Fortunately for us, writers of postcolonial interpretation are beginning to provide us with an analysis of the contradictions between the rhetoric of liberation and democracy, and the reality of oppression in many countries like the Philippines that have a colonial history. Postcolonial interpretation has been a developing field of analysis since the publication of Edward Said's book, Orientalism, in 1978. Said focused on "... colonial discourse--the variety of textual forms in which the West produced and codified knowledge about non-metropolitan areas and cultures, especially those under colonial control." (2) The term "postcolonial" addresses all aspects of the colonial process from the beginning of colonial contact up to and including its present affects in both colonizing and colonized nations. The work of postcolonial interpretation is both that of analysis and that of resistance and reconstruction as scholars examine the many contradictions between the colonial and neo-colonial rhetoric, and the continuing cultural, political, economic and religious oppression experienced by colonized peoples. (3) Those who write this theory are committed to documenting the contradictions in their many fields, and to a future in which "post-" applies not only to the centuries after colonial contact and struggles for independence, but also to a time after which colonialism and imperialism are ended. Attention to rhetoric and literary theory has led biblical scholars to include these perspectives in their postmodern interpretations, and gradually feminist scholars of religion have begun to write in this field. …


Learning outcomes
The questions raised in the case study could escort a classroom or online discussion for understanding licensed product consumption motives among the internal workforce.

Case overview/synopsis
Despite the Asiad (an abbreviation of Asian Games) being organized in the most populous continent, its financial profitability is minimal compared with the summer Olympic Games and other major sporting events. Thereby, Asiad board members are seeking to understand how they can target the right segment via licensed products. This will ultimately increase licensed product sales. On July 1, 2017, a board meeting was held in which the licensing product manager, Young Lee, proposed to target the internal workforce via licensed products based on 17th Asiad's data and previous literature. Lee analyzed the attributes of licensed products sold at 17th Asiad and its psychological connection with the internal workforce. Hence, the purpose of this case study was to decipher the internal workforce feasibility as the right segment to target via licensed products for Asiad's management. The case study's primary data was collected via IB worldwide (now Galaxia SM CO, Ltd), one of the leading sport marketing organizations in South Korea. The IB worldwide (now Galaxia SM CO, Ltd) signed an exclusive product license agreement with the Incheon Asian Games Organizing Committee jointly and individually with the Olympic Council of Asia to produce licensed products (e.g. Mascot dolls). This realistic case study should be understood through the lens of symbolic interactionism. Finally, this study is important to consider because the internal workforce licensed products consumption has gained little attention in sports marketing literature.

Complexity Academic Level
The case can be taught in marketing research and consumer behavior courses.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.


We have studied the resistivity anisotropy of ordered InxGa,,P epitaxial layers grown at 640 "C. Increasing the lattice niisrnatch lea& to an increase in the resistivity anisotropy, which is higher than WO orders of magnitude. We suppose that this eflect is caused by additional scattering at the boundan'es of ordered domains. The electrical and morphological properties of the ternary semiconductor InxGal,P compound lattice matched to GaAs have attracted much attention during the last years due to the potential of this material to substitute the AlGaAs as a barrier material in the design of a large number of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. On the other hand, it is widely observed that In,Gal,P (liereafter InGaP) epitaxial layers often exhibit the CuPt-type of ordering. Previous studies have shown that ordering has a marked influence on reducing bandgap energy and on splitting the valence band in In,GaI.,P. A macroscopic consequence of the ordering is the anisotropy of optical and electrical properties in the (001) growth plane along the [I101 and [l-101 directions [l], 121, [3]. As mentioned above, the exact lattice-matched composition of InXGal.,P ternary is close to x = 0.485. However, also the l&.&a0.52P and b.5Ga0.5P ternary materials with lattice mismatch Aa,/a, rauging fiom -3~10~ to +l.2xlO" are very often declared as 1,attice matched. It is generally believed that the stability of the CuPt-ordered structure of' a material is determined by surface reconstruction. The quality of surface, its misorientation, and other surface effects including lattice mismatch (due to


We introduce a novel nonlinear seismic imaging method based on model order reduction. The reduced order model (ROM) is an orthogonal projection of the wave equation propagator operator on the subspace of the snapshots of the solutions of the wave equation. It can be computed entirely from the knowledge of the measured time domain seismic data. The image is a backprojection of the ROM using the subspace basis for the known smooth kinematic velocity model. The implicit orthogonalization of solution snapshots is a nonlinear procedure that differentiates our approach from the conventional linear methods (Kirchhoff, RTM). It allows for the removal of multiple reflection artifacts. It also enables us to estimate the magnitude of the reflectors similarly to the true amplitude migration algorithms.


Throughout the world, cancer is the top cause of mortality in women. Whatever improvement in cancer ailment identification and prognosis is vital to living a healthy life. As a consequence, excellent cancer prediction accuracy is crucial for maintaining treatment and survival criteria current for patients. Machine learning techniques, which have been found to have a major impact on the identification and early treatment of breast cancer, have emerged as a hotspot for study and have been demonstrated to be a potent methodology. We used five machine learning algorithms in this research. There have been various empirical investigations employing machine learning and soft computing techniques to treat breast cancer. This article provides an overview of the available technologies for advanced treatment of breast cancer, as well as an introduction to the concepts and current achievements in personalised medicine that depend on technology. The many kinds of breast cancer are addressed, as well as their worldwide occurrence. It is discussed the importance of recognising irregularities and distinguishing between benign and malignant breast cancer. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Sparse Representation (SR) have been combined to model a new approach for diagnosing breast cancer. With LM's training accuracy and SR's robustness in identifying small deformations, an impressive performance was achieved in terms of accuracy and mean square error. Data has been acquired from the Wisconsin Dataset (WD). This model proves the combination of several classification algorithms could enhance the model in a significant manner and can be used for pre-clinical diagnosis.


Statistics has become more important in today's world due to the emergence of big data. Accordingly, introductory statistics course plays the role of precursor to data science. However, learning of statistics has become difficult to Malaysian undergraduate students. In line with that, this paper evaluated the perceptions of learning statistics among students in a Malaysian public university based on their attitudes towards statistics. A survey was conducted on 293 students taking an introductory statistics course. The survey consisted of 28 attributes corresponding to 4 dimensions of attitudes. As perceptions of learning statistics are vague, fuzzy set approach was employed in this study by analysing the ratings using fuzzy conjoint analysis to evaluate students' perceptions. Results attested that students generally had negative perceptions of learning statistics. In particular, students were often anxious and frustrated during tests and solving problems (affect); were able to learn but had troubles in understanding (cognitive competence); acknowledged the importance of statistics but were still doubtful about the relevance (value); and admitted that statistics is difficult especially due to the technical aspects of statistics (difficulty).


The correlation-based γ-Reθ transition model has been implemented into a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver and evaluated on various test cases. The original model formulation and recently published approaches of different authors for relevant empirical model functions as well as different transition criteria are compared. The prediction of transition with the correlation-based model was applied to a zero pressure gradient flat plate test case and some well known one -element airfoil test cases. Comparison with the standard approach for transition prediction in the flow solver used based on the e N method was accomplished. Simulation results in terms of transition locations and skin friction coefficient distributions , performance and arising difficulties of both models for the various test cases are presented and discussed.


Mobile offshore base (MOB) was first conceived in the 1990s under "SeaBasing" concept of US Navy. Three concepts, discrete connectors MOB, flexible bridge MOB, and dynamically positioned MOB, were developed followed by preliminary investigation. MOB Science and Technology project by Office of Naval Research (ONR) was initiated to advance engineering design capabilities sufficient to design of MOB by industry. Engineering design tasks and associated design tools were reviewed and industry state-of-the-art standard, deficiencies in the engineering design and attainable advancement goals and performers were identified. Highlights of MOB S&T project are development of multiple-module dynamic positioning system, numerical hydrodynamic modeling and hydroelastic response, wave field characteristics, and MOB classification guide.

Keywords:

very large floating structure (VLFS);
mobile offshore base (MOB);
discrete connectors MOB;
flexible bridge MOB;
dynamically positioned MOB;
hydroelasticity;
wave field characteristics;
classification guide


The attempt to concentrate on "business" and its principles in the treatment of ethical behavior will inevitably mean that the issues of ethics will be compromised by the principles of business. In this paper there is an attempt to start with an ethical direction of thought and apply its principles and process to business principles and processes. The emphasis will be on ethics. As we begin this analysis there are important issues to be kept in mind. There is a distinction between success and ethics. Business success is not the formal object of ethics. The definition of good and bad behavior is the formal object of ethics. Nor is the issue of "fairness" in outcome the issue of ethics or ethical behavior. Therefore, there is a caveat for any respectable manager or thinker: ethical behavior may actually deter from success in a business environment where the end of success takes such a high priority that the means become insignificant and unimportant. However, if this is the environment of business where ends rationalize the means, then it should not be surprising that a very large percentage of the population has a low perception of the sense of responsibility of business and the dignity of business itself. Ethics is about behavior that is considered good or bad. The character of ethical premises and processes lies in the "welfare" base of definitions which are larger than the individual person or the individual firm. Namely, the normative and prescriptive theory of ethics places individual behavior in the context of its broader impact in adding to or taking away from human welfare. These judgments come from such philosophical schools of thought as deontology, utilitarianism, religious philosophy and humanistic philosophy.


Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the bowel. Biologic therapy is safe and effective in IBD. Anti-TNF agents were the first biologics introduced for treatment of IBD. As more and more anti-TNF agents joined the market, treating physicians started using ant-TNF agents consecutively when the first agent failed. Data for this treatment choice is scanty and therefore we set out to evaluate tandem use of anti-TNF agents in IBD patients.Method: The South African Gastroenterology Society (SAGES) established a national database for all IBD patients commenced on biologic therapy. We used this registry to evaluate the data for all patients who received consecutive anti-TNF agents. Demographic and clinical details as well as treatment outcomes for all patients were documented. Results: Eight-seven (7.6%) of 1150 patients received consecutive anti-TNF agents. The Crohn's disease (CD) group had 42 (48%) patients and ulcerative colitis (UC) group 45 (52%). Gender distribution was equal with 45 (52%) male and 42 (48%) female patients. All patients failed the first anti-TNF agent over time, but better remission rates were obtained with consecutive anti-TNF agents. Patients treated with adalimumab during any stage of the study, had a higher rate of dose escalation compared to infliximab prior to switching to next anti-TNF agent. Similarly, side effects were also more significant with adalimumab, although few. Few patients required a switch to a third and further biologic agent. All patients remained in clinical remission over 4 years of the study.Conclusion: It is reasonable to try a second anti-TNF agent when the first agent failed in IBD. Switching between different anti-TNF agents maintained clinical remission and avoided surgery and hospitalisation. This is a cost-effective strategy especially in resource constraint settings. Adalimumab is associated with higher rates of dose escalation and worse side-effect profile


THz-band can offer very wide spectrum to enable over 100 Gbps wireless communication systems for wireless mobile backhaul/fronthaul links. As THz-band outdoor wireless communication systems suffer not only rain attenuation but also atmospheric attenuation, it is required to assess link outage probability for link budget design by taking account of these factors at the same time. This paper describes numerical link outage probability assessment of THz-band outdoor wireless communication systems using meteorological data, i.e. rain rate, humidity and temperature. Furthermore, it compares outage probability of THz systems with that of 60 GHz systems where wide spectrum is also available.