Purpose: The placement of implants in the alveolar bone remains a challenge because of the resorption of the residual ridge resulting in insufficient bone volume in one or more dimensions. Need of the hour is to review the various options to rehabilitate posterior atrophic maxilla with/without bone modification procedures. Study Selection: MEDLINE/PubMed searches were conducted using the terms atrophic maxilla, implants, buttresses, grafts, maxillary sinus, osteotomy as well as combinations of these and related terms. The few articles judged to be relevant were reviewed. Results: Appropriate treatment planning is crucial and various factors need to be considered before placing implants in atrophic alveolar bone Bone grafting, osseodistraction and sinus lifts are invasive procedures. In addition, they add complexity and increase the number of surgical phases required for implant therapy. Different therapeutic alternatives, such as, short implants, or implants placed in specific anatomical areas like the pterygoid region, the tuber or the zygoma has allowed patient treatment to be expedited and minimally invasive. Conclusion: Important aspects that need to be considered for implant placement in posterior atrophic maxilla are discussed in this article and both surgical and non-surgical options are suggested. There is no consensus as to which treatment modality is superior to the other in literature. The decision to opt for either of the options, therefore, depends upon patient factors, and ultimately, the expertise and skill of the clinician.


Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architectures for content and knowledge management enable autonomous peers to interoperate in a decentralized and distributed fashion for fulfilling individual and/or common goals. These architectures foster the creation of communities of Individual Knowledge Workers (IKWs) in which effective knowledge and information sharing takes place. In such communities, IKWs have similar capabilities in providing other IKWs with data and/or services and are autonomous in managing their own knowledge objects. Since such objects are typically shared among a set of IKWs, problems regarding concurrent access to content, content consistency and synchronization arise. This paper proposes a decentralized approach to the aforementioned issues and reports on its application and performance evaluation in the K-link+ system. K-link+ is a P2P collaborative platform, developed at the GridLab of the University of Calabria, for distributed knowledge management based on the Virtual Office model.


This paper will explore the following question: If K is a compact k-polyhedron and M is a PL m-manifold, under which cases will the embedded polyhedra have regular neighborhoods which are not homeomorphic? An important topological question, raised by W.S. Massey in 1959, asks whether the normal vector bundle of a compact, orientable, differentiable, k-manifold is determined by the embedding, or is it intrinsically determined by the manifold itself [Mas59]. Definition. [Rol76] An m-manifold M is a metric space in which each point x ∈M has a neighborhood homeomorphic to R or R+. Those points which have neighborhoods homeomorphic to R comprise the interior of M (denoted M , while the points with neighborhoods homeomorphic to R+ comprise the boundary of M (denoted ∂M). Definition. [Kaw96] A simplicial complex is a set K of simplices in R which satisfies the following conditions: 1. For each pair A1, A2 ∈ K, the intersection A1 ∩ A2 is a face of A1 and of A2 (unless it is ∅). 2. All faces of each A ∈ K are contained in K. 3. For each A ∈ K, there are finitely many elements of K meeting A.


. In the United States, citizens have a positive outlook towards voice assistants in general but show a negative attitude specifically towards smartphone voice assistants due to various factors. Currently, almost no data exist regarding smartphone voice assistant in Indonesia due to the lack of research regarding this technology. This paper aims to fill that gap by studying the factors affecting Indonesia, specifically Jakarta citizen attitude and behavioral intentions toward smartphone voice assistants. This study uses five variables based on previous literature: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, privacy concern, attitude, and behavioral intention to establish six research hypotheses. This paper utilizes the quantitative research type by conducting an online survey that includes all variable items to validate the research hypotheses. The online survey collected 400 respondents of Jakarta citizens that use smartphone voice assistants. SmartPLS was used to analyze the validity, reliability, and hypotheses of the study, while supporting data were processed using Microsoft Excel. The results show that all six research hypotheses are valid, in which perceived ease of use has a positive impact on perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and privacy concern have an effect towards user attitude, while the user attitude itself has a positive impact on their behavioral intention to use a smartphone voice assistant. The theoretical implications of this study are that perceived ease of use can become a factor that positively impact users' behavioral intention on using a smartphone voice assistant and hypotheses tests can show varied results on different target sample who lives in different areas and cultures. The practical implication found from this study is that companies should implement solutions for smartphone voice assistants that focus on the technology's perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and privacy concern, as those three factors significantly impact the user's attitude and behavioral intention.


The low density signature (LDS) technique which is able to support massive connectivity with non-orthogonal low density signatures is a promising multiple access (MA) scheme in future 5G systems. We firstly examine the theory of evidence to illustrate the weakness of the update rule for the message passing algorithm in LDS detection process. The combination results against the common sense (RACS) deteriorate the performance of LDS systems with high order modulation schemes considerably. To reduce the occurrence of the RACS, we propose a novel row message passing (RMP) algorithm by gradually updating the a posteriori probability (APP) messages of all variable nodes in each iteration. Hence, the RMP algorithm benefits from the turbo-effect on the rows of indicator matrix which results in fast convergence with moderate complexity. Simulations prove the reduction of iteration times and the effectiveness of the RMP algorithm for LDS systems with high order modulation schemes.


At the most basic level, voices convey biological characteristics such as whether someone is male or female, their body size and physical strength, age and sexual maturity. For example, Donald Trump's voice can signal to you that he is a man, and that he has passed middle age. But did you know that voices can also signal a person's attractiveness, fertility and even the likelihood of them being unfaithful?


The flashover at the solid-liquid interface is the main dielectric failure in the cryogenic insulation system, which has great relation with the carrier mobility. In this paper, epoxy$/\mathrm {B}\mathrm {N}$(boron nitride)/Graphene composites with different contents were prepared and the surface potential decay (SPD) method was employed to analyze the transit time and the carrier mobility. The experimental results indicate that the behaviors of surface potential and carrier mobility are affected by specimen temperature. Obtained results show that BN and Graphene particles can affect the carrier mobility and modulate the discharge speed, which may further influence the flashover voltage at solid-liquid interface at cryogenic temperature.


The mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are an infrastructure-less network consisting of a collection of wireless mobile self-directed nodes that communicate with each other without using any centralised authority. MANET is a network in which large numbers of powered mobile nodes are used but the network has always suffered from limited power resource problem due to the mobility nature of nodes. So, in the proposed work we have focused on the least power utilisation by developing an artificial intelligence-based enhanced leach (E-LEACH) routing protocol and designed a hybrid neuro-soft computing technique for the problem. The proposed solution is effective in solving the power resource problem and trust management in MANETs. This work has found a reliable solution to the route optimisation problem in E-LEACH protocol. The whole framework has been titled as energy efficient neuro genetic leach (EENG LEACH). Various performance metrics as throughput, bit error rate (BER), packet delivery ratio (PDR), congestion and energy consumption have been calculated to authenticate the proposed method.


The utility model discloses a fire-fighting device for a bus, and the fire-fighting device comprises a car body. As the improvement of the utility model, the fire-fighting device comprises a water tank arranged at the top of the car body, a water inlet pipe connected onto the water tank, an air pump pipe connected onto the water tank, and a water spraying pipe arranged in the car body; the air pump pipe is connected with an air pump in the car body; the water spraying pipe comprises a front water spraying opening, a middle water spraying opening and a rear water spraying opening which are arranged in the car body; and the water spraying pipe is provided with a master control valve. By using the fire-fighting device, through the water tank arranged at the top of the car body, the water spraying pipe is arranged in the car body, the master control valve can be operated and controlled as required to spray water from the water spraying pipe; and the expansion of a fire hazard in the car body can be effectively prevented.


___________________________________________________________ Abstract The elite perspective on politics and society emerged early in the twentieth century but was relegated to the century's intellectual sidelines while visions about the coming of egalitarian and stateless societies and self-governing democracies held sway. No such society or democracy materialized and the century's socio-political developments were consistent with the elite perspective. This is reason to believe the perspective's long eclipse may be ending, especially given the dire economic-political trends and crises much of the world currently confronts. Yet confusion continues to envelop the elite concept, the meaning of elitism, and the main tenets of theories derived from the perspective. In attempting to clarify these matters we seek to bolster the elite perspective's acceptance and contribute to its rejuvenation. _____________________________________________________________________


The author studied the content of antibodies that neutralize the swine influenza virus in the sera of 137 healthy people. It turned out that sera belonging to persons over 12 years old contain these antibodies regularly, while in younger ones they are very rare.


Since the new culture movement,the Western ideas have entered the Chinese people's view.The new ideas influenced people's life and changed it a lot.Although the culture innovation was arising from the calls,the traditional culture still rooted in the Chinese mind.As the new culture movement leaders,Mr.Lu Xun stood in this transition point,his works not only dealt with the dawn of the new culture,but infiltrated the traditional accumulation.According to Mr.Lu Xun's works,the old ideas could be grasped under the new era so as to interpret an era.


Objective: to study possible interrelations between decubitus ulcers and Aminoff suffering syndrome in end-stage dementia (ESD).Subjects: a cohort study of 200 ESD patients with a six-month follow-...


Throughout the course of the development of survey methods, critical concerns have arisen in tandem with changes in society that impact the nature and composition of the populations that researchers endeavor to understand. In recent years, a concern that has attracted considerable methodological interest involves the conducting of surveys that include members of so-called Hard-to-Reach (H2R) groups. H2R groups have become increasingly important to include within a range of population surveys, given both a burgeoning emphasis on representation of demographic subgroups (e.g., Asians within the U.S. population), and on groups that are of interest due to their potentially unique characteristics or sociocultural location (e.g., transgender individuals). To further methodological work in this area, the International Conference on Methods for Surveying and Enumerating Hard-to-Reach Populations was held from October 31 to November 3, 2012 in New Orleans. This gathering aimed to connect researchers across a range of fields – including survey methodology, statistics, demography, sociology, anthropology, ethnography, and psychology – and engage them in discussions devoted to advancing our methodology for surveying groups that have proven difficult to include in population surveys. However, from the start this seemingly targeted and even niche-like area of interest proved somewhat hard to encapsulate in a simple definition, and finding solutions turned out to be even more challenging. In particular, the science of 'reaching the H2R' requires that we address two vital issues: (a) who in particular are we talking about when we use the label 'hard-to-reach'? and (b) what do we mean by 'reaching' them? Considering both of these challenges, the conference advertisement (currently available at http://www.amstat.org/meetings/h2r/2012/pdfs/H2R2012Flyer.pdf) lists a range of topics and subpopulations of interest, and includes the following as examples of H2R groups:


The chromosomes were tested and analyzed through normal method for preparing sides with the technique of microphotography.The result showed that the chromosome number of Lycium ruthenicum Murr was 2n=24.The formula of karyotype was 2n=24=20m+2sm+2m(sat).The total length of all set of chromosomes was 86.88 μm and the total length of long arms was 49.44 μm.Asymmetric coefficient of Karyotype was 56.9%.The total volume was 127.58 μm3.


An analytical general solutions of the matrices equation A_mVF~m+…+A_1VF+A_0F=BW is established. The obtained solution contains numerical matrix calculations, which provide convenience for calculating these solutions in certain applications. A numerical example shows effect of the proposed solution.


Insects have exploited and responded to their environment in a plethora of ways. Environmental changes are used to trigger short- and long-term physiological events and environmental stresses have resulted in evolution of gene families and resistance genes. This highly evolved, tight interaction between organism and environment will be altered in transgenic mosquitoes, and this paper reviews some potential considerations concerning the physiology of transgenic mosquitoes upon release. This papers examines a few of the recent discoveries in Plasmodium-mosquito interactions and discusses the impact upon them of the transgenic-mosquito approach. A complex interplay between vector and parasite occurs during transmission, including the exploitation of xanthurenic acid for triggering exflagellation, the induction of a mosquito immune response and its evasion by the invading ookinete, and the ability of the parasite to establish infections when major genes are knocked out. Such functional redundancy in parasite genes is also demonstrable in the immune and detoxification systems of insects. Consequently, where genes can substitute for one another in a given physiological process, there is potentially significant environmental pressure for differential gene expression. In the transgenic context, such compensatory regulation could work to down-regulate and/or select against a transgene. Conversely, additional environmental triggers could be exploited to select positively for a transgenic mosquito. There is potential for heterogeneity at each stage of the transgenic release strategy, and addressing this will be important if such approaches are not to be scuttled by unforeseen factors that could reduce expression of and selection for the beneficial transgenes


Abstract 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), alters the proliferation of keratinocytes in cell culture. To assess whether changes mediated by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 in keratinocyte growth are due to the release of transforming growth factors β (TGFs β), we measured TGF β1 and 2 in human keratinocytes treated with 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 . We showed that the inhibition of keratinocyte growth by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 was associated with a time- and dose-dependent increase in the concentrations of TGF β2 but not TGF β1. There was a strong correlation between the inhibition of cell growth and the increase in TGF β2 concentrations. Antibodies directed against TGF β1, 2 and 3 partially blocked the inhibition of cellular growth mediated by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 . We conclude that 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 inhibits human keratinocyte cell growth by a mechanism that involves, at least in part, an increase in the release of TGF β2.


Some mathematical models have been proposed for theoretical analyses of genetic algorithms (GAs). However, these works have limited their objects to a few kinds of GAs in order to formulate them accurately. In this paper, we regard a GA as an information source that generates input-output data. That is, we regard a population and its next population generated by the GA as input and output respectively. Then we model the GA by learning from these data. Since this method uses only the input-output relations of data and ignores interior structures, we can describe a variety of GAs in a common form, and analyze them from a new point of view. We use some mixture models for a representation of these input-output relations in this paper. By using a mixture model for modeling a GA, we can represent the GA system as a combination of some partial systems. In this paper, we treat two types of mixture models, and investigate how these models are effective for analyzing GAs through some numerical experiments.


We employ the continuum approach in order to study the statistical character of the polymer resulting from a nonstationary polymerization with a first‐order termination process. Some authors have carried out theoretical investigations in connection with this problem by imposing conditions either on the monomer consumption or on the occurrence and nature of chain transfer. We deduce here the size distribution expression for the general case when spontaneous transfer and transfer through the monomer are simultaneously operative while the conversion is not limited to low values. The expressions for averages can be formally obtained from this result. Beyond the first average, however, the general expression gets too involved for convenient analysis. We investigate separately the effect of the two types of transfer on the size distribution and the averages in some typical cases. In the inhomogeneity versus conversion curves characteristic minima appear when only spontaneous transfer is operative, while the dec...


– Mineral waters from upper Trotuș river basin. Mineral waters from Ciucului Mountains are in a small number and sporadically distributed along the river valleys. In order to fill the lack in the bibliography of mineral waters described as sulfurous springs from Ciucului Mountains we gathered geographical and chemical information about the springs from upper Trotuș river basin by researching these sources. Eight water samples were analyzed in november, 2016. Springs located on our study area generally have low mineral content indicating their meteoric origin from shallow depths . On the western part of the study area springs have dissolved carbon dioxide, while in the center part they can be considered sulfurous. The majority of the spring waters are calcium-hydrogen carbonate type.


This paper is about the experience gained in IBM Haifa Research Lab (HRL) in creating regression-suites and minimizing their size, while maintaining high quality as measured by coverage. The problem that we solve, while similar to the one addressed in the literature, has a key difference; the compaction algorithm has to be implemented on-line due to the large number of tests processed. We compare strategies for implementing on-line set-cover. The trade-offs are between quality of solution (as expressed by the size of the test suite), memory and CPU. We show that on-line compaction strategies, on our data, are almost as good as keeping all the tests and then compacting off-line.


The main objective of this paper is to study issues, progress and challenges on the implementation of the National Mental Health Law No 26657 in penitentiary institutions that belong to Buenos Aires province. These institutions hold people under the 34th article of the Argentine Republic's Penal Code. The theoretical framework of this research is based on international and interamerican Human Rights declarations, the Argentine Republic's Penal Code and the Patient National Right laws No26657 and No26529. The practical resources to reach the proposed objectives were: in-depth interviews with public officials, prison authorities and professionals, survey and reviews of the documentation (medical records, ministerial directives, provincial and national laws). First, a team consisting of professors, professor assistants, advanced students and graduates was assembled, then the theoretical foundations were established to develop methodological tools and finally the research implementation at institutional level was made with the analysis of all the data obtained.


These studies utilised cortisol treatment to clarify the role of stress in reducing staple strength (SS). The first study established the impact of the duration of exposure and nutritional status on SS, wool parameters, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Sheep (n = 42) were fed at 0.75 or 1.5 times maintenance for 62 days and then administered with 120 mg cortisol acetate/day for 0, 3, or 12 days. SS was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) only in the group fed below maintenance and treated with cortisol for 12 days. In the sheep fed below maintenance, the mean SS was 31.6, 32.7, and 21.5 N/ktex for groups treated for 0, 3, and 12 days of cortisol, respectively. Cortisol administration in these sheep also increased the rate of fibre shedding (P < 0.001) but did not affect their mean fibre diameter. The shed fibres had a finer diameter than those that were not (P < 0.001). The concentration of EGF receptors was not affected by cortisol administration, although submaintenance feeding (P < 0.05) significantly reduced EGF receptor concentration. The second experiment examined whether some sheep were predisposed to reduce SS in response to cortisol. Sheep (n = 42) of low and high prior SS were fed to maintain liveweight for 84 days and then administered with 0 or 120 mg cortisol/day for 12 days. Cortisol administration significantly reduced SS (P < 0.001) and wool growth (P < 0.001), and increased the rate of fibre shedding (P < 0.001) but did not affect fibre diameter. SS history did not affect the response to cortisol administration. We conclude that cortisol reduced SS by increasing fibre shedding, without decreasing fibre diameter. Treatment was only effective in sheep fed at or below maintenance, and required between 3 and 12 days of exposure to cortisol. This is longer than would be observed in many stressful situations in the field.


In 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of Congress' 1992 must‐carry provisions. The divided Court's opinion was inconclusive, but the reasoning of the justices highlights a broader theme. That theme, the notion of positive liberty, suggests that the proper role for government under the First Amendment is to become an active regulator in order to advance certain social interests. This study analyzes how the concept of positive liberty affected the differing constitutional visions expressed by the justices.


The direction of the research in this paper is dictated by the particular characteristics attaching to the special relationship that exists between Ireland and the USA. In order to understand the complexities that govern the motivating factors underlying American tourist interest in Ireland, this research examines the singular historical, psychological, emotional, and connectional dimensions that will afford us the knowledge from which deductible theories, conclusions, and recommendations can be extracted. This paper, therefore, seeks to outline the historical framework governing the development of the relationship between the USA and Ireland, and identifies the historical, ancestral, emotional, and connectional factors that bind the two nations. This research presents new empirical findings on the American tourist's quest for ancestral tangibility in destination Ireland. Destination Ireland is marketed in a highly competitive environment and the future of the Irish tourism industry will inevitably be dependent on the ability of tourism industry managers to deliver new viable options and motivations to travel to Ireland. A significant finding in this current research suggests that the development of an ancestral product would address this requirement in the market place.


The invention relates to a method for controlling a multi-phase electric ship propulsion motor receiving the electrical energy via a power converter. Wherein the submarine motor is preferably a permanent woman motor having at least three windings. The current flowing through the coil is controlled via a power converter in order to minimize the noise emitted by the body on the sub motor.


Background and Objectives: Organophosphate (OP) compound poisoning is the most commonly encountered poisoning in tertiary care hospital. Previously plasma cholinesterase level was used for predicting the severity of poisoning. It was also used to determine the clinical course. Recently serum amylase is being recommended as a better predictor of severity of poisoning. Hence in this study measurement of serum amylase in correlation with plasma cholinesterase level is being studied for assessing the severity of Organophosphate compound poisoning. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to emergency ward and Intensive care unit in tertiary care hospital. Serum amylase and Plasma cholinesterase levels were measured at the time of admission and at 48 hours. Results: This Study revealed that there is significant elevation of amylase and inhibition of cholinesterase at admission and at 48 hours in OPC poisoning patients . The overall mean value for amylase was 712.66 U/L at admission (660 U/L in survivors Vs 835.13 U/L in non-survivors, p<0.001). The overall mean value for plasma cholinesterase was 1958.78 U/L at admission (2236.54 U/L in survivors Vs 1310.67 U/L in non-survivors, p<0.05). The overall mean value for amylase was 401.62 U/L at 48 hours (248.71 U in survivors Vs 758.40 U in non-survivors, p<0.001). The overall mean value for plasma cholinesterase was 3524.06 U/L at 48 hours. (4358.70 U/L in survivors Vs 1576.57 U/L in non-survivors, p<0.05). Interpretation: The elevation of serum amylase in OP intoxicated patients can provide a high degree of prediction for subsequent respiratory failure and mortality. In such cases quick transfer of the patient to a intensive care unit will reduce the degree of mortality associated with OP poisoning.


This paper argues that human dignity is a sui generis status principle whose function lies in unifying our normative orders. More fully, human dignity denotes a basic status to be preserved in any institution or process; it is a principle demanding determination in different contexts; and it has its most characteristic application where the legal, moral, and political place competing obligations on individuals. The implication of this account is that we should not seek to reduce human dignity to either a legal norm or a legal principle.


Purpose This paper determines one explanation for how the self-brand connection is associated with brand loyalty through the brand experience. Brand experience should verify the self-brand connection by acting as a mechanism through which a self-brand connection is associated with brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from 317 adults through paid Facebook Boosting of an online survey, and analyzed using structural equation modelling. Findings Analyses confirm that brand experience fully mediates the association between self-brand connection and brand loyalty. Research limitations/implications Ensuring a positive brand experience is critical for brand managers opting to maintain consumers' self-brand connections and brand loyalty. Causality suffered owing to the cross-sectional design of the study. Practical implications Self-brand connection is viewed as consumer-driven. However, by identifying the brand experience to verify the self-brand connection and as a factor that mediates t...


The invention discloses a medicament for treating myoma of uterus, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 1 to 20 parts of rose, 1 to 20 parts of seville orange flower, 1 to 20 parts of Chinese angelica, 1 to 20 parts of red paeony root, 1 to 20 parts of szechuan lovage rhizome, 1 to 20 parts of red tangerine peel, 1 to 20 parts of rhizome pinelliae preparata, 1 to 20 parts of honey-fried liquorice root, 1 to 20 parts of pared nutgrass galingale rhizome, 1 to 20 parts of scrophularia root, 1 to 20 parts of thunberg fritillary bulb, 1 to 20 parts of dipsacus asper, 1 to 20 parts of fructus aurantii immaturus, 1 to 20 parts of sudden smile powder, 1 to 20 parts of raw hawthorn fruit, 1 to 20 parts of oyster shell, 1 to 20 parts of spreading hedyotis herb, 1 to 20 parts of zedoary and 1 to 20 parts of over 95 percent edible ethanol. The medicament can be used for oral administration and absorbed by the spleen and stomach and can be used for external use and absorbed by skin, and can be absorbed complexly in two modes of oral administration and external use. The medicament has the advantages of addressing both the symptoms and root causes along with reasonable formula, simple compatibility and definite curative effect, and is particularly suitable for infecund patients caused by blood stasis and qi depression and phlegm-damp stagnation. The invention also provides a preparation method of the medicament.


From the lived experience as students in the monitoring program, it arose the curiosity of a literature review of the program and their contributions to the academic and professional training. Therefore, we sought to subsidies to meet the proposals of the monitoring program in undergraduate and understand the challenges and weaknesses of this activity. Research it is a literature review. The search for periodic occurred from August to December 2015, through the databases Scielo, Scholar and BVS. The students of higher education can be availed in teaching and research tasks by the respective institutions, exercising monitoring functions, according to your income and your study plan. So the program in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) has been developed with an educational focus and becomes a prerequisite for selecting the affinity of the student with the discipline of choice, academic performance above average and interest in career teaching. The study shows the magnitude of the academic monitoring program in nursing graduation. Monitoring impacts in both interpersonal relationships and theoretical knowledge as in motor skills inherent in the profession.


The "Outline for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)" at both the national and regional level serves as the blueprint for China's education reform and development in the 21st century.This paper classifies policy instruments into three categories,i.e.voluntary instrument,mandatory instrument and mixed instrument,and then analyzes the outline's text concerning ethnic education policy.Suggestions to promote the development of policy instruments for ethnic education are also put forward.


In the study,rainfall and runoff data(1993-2008) by continuous observation were analyzed in order to map the characters of runoff and the hydrological effects in a small catchment of rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna,southwest China.The results showed that:With seasonal and annual dynamics,annual rainfall,annual runoff,annual runoff coefficient,and zero runoff days was 1 510.6 mm,361.3 mm,0.235 and 80.4 d respectively in the small RP catchment in Xishuangbanna.There were differences among the correlations between rainfall and runoff depth,and zero runoff days in season and annual.Conclusion of the research was that:Because most of the annual rainfall,annual runoff and fewer of annual zero runoff days were occurred in rainy season,and the fewer annual rainfall and annual runoff,and annual zero runoff days were mainly in dry season,there was drought crisis in Xishuangbanna,especially in dry hot season,which indicated drought in dry season in rubber plantation and the negative effect on local water resource might be due to increasing rubber planting in Xishuangbanna.


Why invest in school leadership development? Across the world there is considerable change going on in education. Many education systems are giving localities and schools more autonomy, so that decisions can be taken at local level and thus be more appropriate for the context. Along with more freedoms, we are also seeing an increase in external pressure on schools, as governments and officials seek to show that their reforms are making an impact and that resources are being used effectively. In many systems, schools are being asked to teach a new more future-focused curriculum, accompanied by different accountability and assessment requirements. Meanwhile, parents and communities are making increasing demands upon schools not just to address academic learning but to help children to be happy, well-balanced and flexible citizens of the future in a world of increasing diversity, mobility and complexity. At the same time, developments in technology and social media mean that the safeguarding of children is becoming more complex, as young people find themselves on the one hand better connected than their parents ever were but also, in many cases, more isolated and more vulnerable.


Tarim Basin is a large, superimposed basin rich in petroleum resources, which has experienced many stages of complex tectonic-sedimentary evolution. As the basic geological study of the Tarim Basin, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic evolution are of great significance for understanding the distribution of petroleum reservoirs in the superimposed basin and provide tectonic background and theoretical guidance for petroleum exploration. According to the residual thickness map, as well as other lithofacies and seismic data, the scopes of the proto-type basin are determined by the marginal facies method and the thickness trend method, and the shortening amounts are calculated by the balanced cross-section method. Based on these data and previous works, four proto-type basin maps of Tarim Basin in present-day geographic coordinates and four tectono-paleogeographic maps of Tarim Basin in paleogeographic coordinates during the early Paleozoic are reconstructed, which directly show the changes of sedimentary and uplift-depression pattern caused by the transformation of the tectonic environment from extension to compression. In the Cambrian, the Tarim Basin was controlled by the extensional tectonic environment, with the sedimentary framework of "carbonate platform in the west, deep-water basin in the east". At the end of the Ordovician, the Kudi Ocean and the North Altyn Ocean were closed, and the Central and South Kunlun terrane and the Altyn-Qilian terrane were collaged with the Tarim block, which directly led to the transformation of the uplift-depression pattern in the Tarim Basin from east-west differentiation to north-south differentiation, thus changing the sedimentary environment of the Tarim Basin in the late Ordovician to Silurian.


Financial Education, primarily to promote financial education in both primary and secondary education curriculum (Cruz 2002). Yet the reality remains that with so many mandates already placed on curriculums, making financial education a requirement is a daunting task in most states. Compounding the problem is that, as a recent survey indicated, most parents are not effective in educating their children in money management (TIAA-CREF Institute 2001). Cocurricular financial education within the schools is seen as the most practical solution for now (Gores 2001). Although student-managed investment vehicles have taken many forms in higher education since Gannon University started the first such venture in 1952 (Kahl 1997; Lawrence 1994), few high schools have entered this arena. Students in secondary education, however, can gain valuable benefits from participating in such an activity. In many academic disciplines, material that was previously taught only at the collegiate level is now part of high school curriculums; extending the concept of student-managed portfolios, which work with real money, to secondary education is warranted from many educational perspectives. Undertaking this on a voluntary basis because of curriculum constraints still provides pedagogical benefits and helps address the need to increase financial education opportunities for high school students. Dominican High School, in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin, launched the Student Endowment Investment Fund (SEIF) in 1998 to give students practical moneymanagement opportunities and to help stimulate their interest in learning about other financial skills. The SEIF is run by students and manages real money for the school, including one endowed scholarship. Dominican is a Catholic college-preparatory school of approximately four hundred students. It draws 70 percent of its students from the city of Milwaukee and has a minority enrollment of 35 percent. The SEIF is a cocurricular club that introduces and serve as a culmination to a three-course business curriculum for students. The three courses offered at Dominican are business law, which introduces students to different types of law and the court system; personal finance, which explores various aspects of financial planning, individual goal setting, savings versus spending, insurance, credit/borrowing, investment strategies, retirement planning, and other skills; and basic economics, which enables students to make economic decisions using a reasoned approach based on sound research and judgment. Joyce Walsh, a faculty member and moderator of SEIE says that students' involvement in the fund has stirred their interest in tak-


The article analyse the affiliation of garden sight design and painting,it considers that the theoretics of painting do obvious influence to garden sight design.On the deep investigation of painting,it will help to improve the indite level of garden sight design,and produce excellent garden art works.


Abstract Image and video database systems have grown in popularity in the last few years due to the increased interest in and success of multimedia applications. As large bases of images are being made available to users, it becomes of primary importance to manage such visual information, by providing adequate data structures, expressing queries about them effectively, providing indexing facilities to access the databases and filter out images that are not related to the query content, and finally visualizing query results.


Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) account for 25% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. Three major types are currently recognized by the WHO classification: primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL) (both considered indolent lymphomas) and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type (PCDLBCL-LT), which is, instead, a very aggressive disease. Nowadays, the PCBCL's category also includes some rare entities such as intravascular B-cell lymphoma (IVBL) and the EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU). Furthermore, controversies still exist concerning the category of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCDLBCL), because some cases may present with clinical and histological features between PCFCL and PCDLBCL-LT. Therefore, some authors proposed introducing another category called PCDLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS). Regardless, PCBCLs exhibit distinct features and differ in prognosis and treatment from their nodal/systemic counterparts. Therefore, clinicopathologic analysis is a key diagnostic element in the work-up of these lymphomas.


The cooperation of RD and innovation between regions is the effective approach that making yielding factors and resources between regions achieve optimize and integration in RD globalization era.Fujian and Taiwan on the each side of Taiwan Strait more or less all in the period of transforming into the incremental industrial structure of technological innovation.Each region has comparative advantage in the industrial cooperation of RD and innovation.The essay analyses the global background and internal demands that carrying out the cooperation of RD and innovation between Fujian and Taiwan,putting forward the important areas that carrying out the cooperation of RD and innovation between Fujian and Taiwan in the future.At the same time,it discusses the relative policies and measures that should implement in deepening the cooperation of RD and innovation between Fujian and Taiwan.In the end,the essay brings forward that the cooperation of RD and innovation is the ultimate impetus that driving the innovative competitive power of the economic region on the west side of Taiwan Strait exalt and at last making it grow up robustly into new economic growth plate in China.


State-of-the-art machine learning models have achieved impressive feats of narrow intelligence, but have yet to realize the computational generality, adaptability, and power efficiency of biological brains. Thus, this work aims to improve current neural network models by leveraging the principle that the cortex consists of noisy and imprecise components in order to realize an ultra-low-power stochastic spiking neural circuit that resembles biological neuronal behavior. By utilizing probabilistic spintronics to provide true stochasticity in a compact CMOS-compatible device, an Adaptive Ring Oscillator for as-needed discrete sampling, and a homeostasis mechanism to reduce power consumption, provide additional biological characteristics, and improve process variation resilience, this subthreshold circuit is able to generate sub-nanosecond spiking behavior with biological characteristics at 200mV, using less than 80nW, along with behavioral robustness to process variation.


Germanene has attracted much attention because the material was predicted to host Dirac fermions. However, the synthesis of germanene is still in its infancy; moreover, the predicted tiny bandgap induced by the spin–orbit coupling is far from practical applications for nanoelectronic devices. Herein, quasi-freestanding germanene with linear dispersion relation of the band structure is well grown on a WSe2/Au(100) substrate. Band structure calculations reveal that the interaction of germanene with the substrate destroys the sublattice symmetry. The energy-dependent contribution of σ orbitals responsible for band crossing at the Fermi level around the Γ point induces asymmetric density of states at the Dirac point. Upon annealing in ultra-high vacuum, we observe a bandgap opening in germanene of about ∼0.17 eV, which is attributed to a sublattice symmetry breaking in germanene and the emergence of a net electric field. This work provides an effective method to tune or tailor the electronic properties of germanene, paving the way to germanene-based field-effect applications.


An approach is outlined for the construction of a digital terrain model based on elevations assigned to nodes of an irregular (non-rectangular) grid. More specifically, this grid consists of a series of non-intersecting, non-equilateral triangles whose apices are prominent points of local relief or points located on structure lines, and whose sides represent portions of structure lines or arbitrarily selected line segments. Such an irregular model provides for a better approximation of basic terrain structure than those constructed from traditional, geometrically regular networks. Operation of algorithms for the plotting of contour lines from such a model is described. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 2, pp. 34-38.


Titanium aluminide intermetallic was made through reaction synthesis (RS) process using elemental powders. Pressure assisted synthesis was carried out at high temperature under vacuum. Ti powder with two different particle sizes (200μm and 30μm average) were used in RS. Synthesized blocks were homogenized and characterized for chemical homogeneity, density, phase formation and microstructure evolution. Products near to theoretical density have been obtained with uniform chemistry after homogenization. Al3Ti as a major phase along with TiAl as minor phase was confirmed after RS and TiAl along with Ti3Al was observed after homogenization. Homogenization cycle was found to be different for the alloys made through different Ti particle sizes. Significant role of Ti particle size has been observed in this pressure assisted RS process.


With the development of the computer network, there are great needs for connection admission control (CAC) to calculate the necessary resource conveniently and accurately. The algorithm is important for traffic engineering and network planning. This paper uses effective bandwidths (EBW) to quantify resource demand. EBW depends not only on statistical characteristics of traffic streams, but also on link's operating point. Experiments show that EBW can accurately quantify resource usage and allocate reasonable bandwidths not only to guarantee QoS requirement of traffic streams, and guarantee a high utilization coefficient of network resource.\;


Mechanic or stapled anastomoses of hollow organs represent a safe and attractive alternative to the manual suture. The rate of complications for the duodenal stump closure by linear staplers is minimal with leakages below 1%; the same is true for the jejunum. In esophagogastrostomies which are often performed cervically, the stapler offers more safety compared to manual sutures, but the rate of stenoses is higher with about 15%. Stenoses have been observed especially with smaller magazines (25 mm diameter). For esophagojejunostomies safety is much greater with mechanic staplers than with manual sutures. Only most experienced surgeons would achieve the same results with the same low rate of leakages of less than 10%; stenoses do not have clinical relevance.


Living citizenship emerging from reflection on an international educational partnership makes a unique contribution to the field and importantly fulfils the British Educational Research Association aim of improving educational practice for the public benefit. This paper explores the conceptual framework of 'living citizenship' as a means for developing international continuing professional development through action research projects. Adapting Whitehead's living educational theory approach to action research, living citizenship supports and problematises international educational partnerships through the influence of enabling participants as critically active citizens. Such pro-active fieldwork links the values and objectives of social justice and knowledge exchange to proffering educational change within authentic international continuing professional development professional learning environments.


This paper examines the topology of railroad networks using weight factors based on network topological attributes, such as commodity volumes transported; therefore, offering additional insights for enhancing freight rail networks and informing planning and operational decisions. The method proposed in this paper uses connectedness efficiency for network performance by considering node and link weights based on origination, termination, and interchange commodity volumes. These volume-based weights are designed to enable mixed units through normalizations. This paper uses freight traffic1 and associated volumes of goods moved as attributes to analyze the topology of an aggregate U.S. national railroad network as a case study. Following the topology of the aggregate network, freight data associated with U. S. counties are assigned to the nearest nodes in the network, and used to calculate node weights. After the assignment of node weights, connectedness efficiency was computed as a primary measure to assess the network for both unweighted and weighted cases with weights node for comparison purposes. It can be used for modeling network resilience at a topological level. In addition, the criticality of nodes and links were assessed reflecting the impact on network efficiency with a single node or single link loss or disability. Quarterly and annual waybill data were examined to assess seasonal changes and influences.


The introduction and establishment of Nephaspis amnicola and Encarsia ?haitiensis have resulted in successful biological control of Aleurodicus dispersus in lowland and highland Honolulu. N. amnicola was more effective in reducing high whitefly populations and E ?haitiensis was more effective in low whitefly populations. The peak population densities of A. dispersus were reduced by 79.0% from 1980 through 1981 in lowland Honolulu, and by 98.8% from 1980 through 1981 in highland Honolulu. In addition, rainfall and temperature may have played an important role in regulating the whitefly populations, and previously established predators may have also contributed in reducing high whitefly populations. Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, a pest of vegetables, fruit trees, ornamentals and shade trees, was discovered in the city of Honolulu on the island of Oahu in Hawaii in September 1978. It dispersed rapidly throughout Oahu and by August 1981 it became established on the islands of Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Hawaii. A. dispersus is known to occur in southern Florida, Central and South America, West Indies, and the Canary Islands (Russell 1965). In 1981, it was found in American Samoa (Lai, Per. Comm.) and Guam (Nechols, Per. Comm.). In Hawaii, A. dispersus is commonly called the spiraling whitefly (SWF) because of its spiral egg-laying pattern. In Florida, it is known as the Keys whitefly (Tri-ology 1981). Although nymphs and adults feed by sucking on the sap of leaves, injury was usually insufficient to kill plants even under heavy infestations. However, copious amounts of white flocculence secreted by the nymphs created not only an intolerable nuisance when dispersed by the wind but also an unsightly appearance to the plants. In addition, the sticky honeydew served as a substrate for the growth of sooty mold which interfered with photosynthesis. The problem was further escalated by its extensive host range of over 100 plant species, of which guava, banana, plumeria, mango, sea grape, and tropical almond appeared to be the most preferred (Nakahara 1978). Because of the initial widespread infestations and rapid rate of dispersal of the SWF, eradication was not attempted. Instead a biological control program was initiated by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture. A search for natural enemies was conducted by an exploratory entomologist in April 1979 and again in January 1980 in tropical America. Three species of coccinellids and two species of aphelinids were subsequently introduced, studied for host-specificity, successfully propagated, and distributed throughout the State. Of these introduced natural enemies, Nephaspis amnicola Wingo and Encarsia ?haitiensis Dozier were the more successful species •Coleoptera: Cocdnellidae. 2Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae. 3Homoptera: Aleyrodidae. 4Study supported in part by the Governor's Agriculture Coordinating Committee. 5Hawaii Department of Agriculture, 1428 South King Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814. 262 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society FIGURE 1. A. Nephaspisamnicola ($) feeding on Aleurodicus dispersus; B. Pupa of Encarsia ?haitiensis developing in A. dispersus (in alcohol). (Fig. 1). N. amnicola was introduced from Honduras and Trinidad, West Indies, and E. ?haitiensis was introduced from Trinidad. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these two species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in 2 areas with different climatic conditions in Honolulu from May 1980 to December 1981. The areas were designated and characterized during the 20-month study as follows: (1) "lowland Honolulu": elevation, 3.1 15.2 m; average temperature, 25.7°C; and total rainfall, 124.8 cm; and (2) "highland Honolulu": elevation, 118.9-131.1m; average temperature, 23.2°C; and total rainfall, 321.9 cm. The average temperature and rainfall from these 2 areas were significantly different (t = 6.68, d.f. = 38; t = 5.24, d.f. = 38, respectively). The dimatological data used in this study were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin istration (1980-1981). A total of 205 N. amnicola adults was released in the lowland Honolulu site during December 1979 to March 1980 before the study was initiated. N. amnicola was not released in the highland Honolulu site. E ?haitiensis was not released in either of the areas. Three guava trees (Psidium guajava L.) were selected for monthly samplings within each of the 2 areas. From each tree, 10 leaves (average size=415.7 ± 182.0 cm2) were randomly selected and carefully placed into a labeled plastic bag (15.5 x 39.5 cm). The relative population densities were determined by counting pupae of the SWF, pupae of parasites, and larvae, pupae and adults of predators. To facilitate counting of SWF and parasite pupae, the cottony debris and predators were carefully brushed off into each sample's plastic bag before transferring the leaves. The leaves were held for parasite emergence in a gallon jar covered with organdy (White Rose) and secured with rubber bands. All predators that were brushed into the bag were killed in a 3% dishwashing detergent solution, separated from the liquid with a fine sieve (.09 mm), and transferred to a 100 ml holding jar containing 70% ethyl alcohol for subsequent identification and enumeration. Data of temperature, rainfall, and the average number per 10 leaf-samples were treated with y/x + 1 transformation, and correlation and regression were then determined. Vol. 24, Nos. 2 & 3, October 15,1983 263 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the population trends and interactions among the SWF, N. amnicola, and K ?haitiensis in the leaf-samples collected from lowland and highland Honolulu. Average monthly temperatures and total monthly rainfall are also presented. Table 1 summarizes the correlation and regression of the relationships between the whitefly and its natural enemies, and between the whitefly and temperature and rainfall. Lowland Honolulu Fig. 2 shows that the density of the SWF was at a peak of 461.3 pupae when the study was initiated in May 1980. In the following months, the population steadily declined until it reached 4.0 in November. During the next 3 months, the population remained at a low level. In March 1981, the population began to increase, with a slight decrease in May to 53.7 pupae before attaining a peak of 96.7 pupae in June. Thereafter, the population declined to 12.3 pupae in September. In October, the density increased to 25.0 pupae and declined to 6.0 pupae in the following two months. A comparison of the two peaks in 1980 and 1981 revealed that the number of SWF pupae declined by 79.0%. N. amnicola was recovered in the first month of the survey and its density reached a peak of 24.3 individuals in June 1980,6 months after its first release. At this time, the density of the SWF was 409.3 pupae. Subsequently, the population of N. amnicola gradually subsided as the SWF population diminished. Throughout 1981, AT. amnicola remained at a very low level, never exceeding 1.3 individuals although there was a slight increase in the SWF population. The results indicate that there was a significant, positive correlation between the predator and the SWF (r = 0.58, t = 3.03). N. amnicola was the predominant natural enemy responsible for the reduction of the SWF population in 1980. The predator was more abundant during 1980 than in 1981, (t = 2.36, d.f. = 18, P < 0.05) probably because higher host densities in 1980 favored the actions of the predator (van den Bosch et al. 1959). The predator usually remained in high host density areas with limited dispersal until the decline of the host. K ?haitiensis was first recovered in the fifth month of the survey, increased in density to a peak of 16.3 pupae in October 1980, and then decreased to 2.7 pupae in the following month as the SWF population subsided. In March 1981, parasite density increased as the SWF population began to increase, and thereafter, fluctuated with the SWF population through October. During November and December 1981, however, there was a substantial increase in parasite density to 61.3 pupae with a corresponding decline in the SWF population. There was no significant correlation between the parasite and the SWF (r = 0.12, t = .42). The parasite was less abundant during 1980 than in 1981 (t = 2.49, d.f. = 14, P < 0.05). Since the parasite was not released in the site, additional time may have been required for the parasite to become established. By March 1981, the parasite had become established as a predominant natural enemy. Unlike #. amnicola, E. ?haitiensis appeared to perform well even at the decline of the SWF during August and December 1981. The superior performance of the parasite over the predator when the SWF population is low may be attributable to either a lower food requirement or a higher searching ability of the former allowing the parasite to thrive at lower host densities (Doutt and DeBach 1964). The average monthly temperatures generally followed a cyclic pattern throughout the study. Temperature was highest during September 1980 and 1981 and lowest during January 1981. As shown in Fig. 2, the SWF population fluctuated with temperature. Significant, positive correlation was obtained between temperature and


Background Rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis. One of the key components for its multidimensional outcome is the disease activity, measured by DAS28-ESR. The physical, emotional, and social aspects of RA contribute to the quality of life, and SF-36 questionnaire can be used to measure it. This study aims to ascertain the correlation between the disease activity (DAS28-ESR) and the quality of life (SF-36) in RA patients.
Method This study was an analytical, descriptive study with a cross sectional design that took primary data from RA patients undergoing treatment in Rheumatology Clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital from February to April 2015. The patient's data included sex, age, marital status, employment status, educational level, serostatus (RF and Anti-MCV), duration of diagnosis, total number of medications, total number of DMARD, DAS28-ESR scores, and SF-36 scores. The data was analysed with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the Rank-Spearman correlation analysis.
Result There were 42 subjects, with an average age of 41 ± 12. The ratio between females and males was 20:1, and the majority of subjects (73,8%) had a positive serostatus (RF and/or anti-MCV). The score median of DAS28-ESR was 4,3, with the score median for SF-36 PCS being 39,8 and the score median for SF-36 MCS being 48,2. Based on the the Rank-Spearman analysis (CI of 95%), there was a correlation between DAS28-ESR score and SF-36 PCS score, with the correlation coefficient (r) of -0,577 (p < 0,001), and there was also a correlation between DAS28-ESR score and SF-36 MCS score with r of  -0,368 (p = 0,008).
Conclusion There was a strong negative correlation between disease activity and physical component of quality of life, and a moderate negative correlation between disease activity and mental component of quality of life, and the two correlations were statistically significant.


The microwave rotational spectra for seven isotopomers of tetracarbonyldihydroruthenium were measured in the 4–12 GHz range using a Flygare–Balle type microwave spectrometer. The measured transition frequencies could be fit to within a few kilohertz using a rigid rotor Hamiltonian with centrifugal distortion. The rotational constants for the most abundant isotopomer are A=1234.2762(4), B=932.7016(6), and C=811.6849(6) MHz. The dipole moment is aligned with the c axis of the complex. The 21 measured rotational constants were used to determine the following structural parameters: r(Ru–H)=1.710(23) A, r(Ru–C1)=1.952(21) A, r(Ru–C3)=1.974(28) A, ∠(H–Ru–H)=87.4(2.4)°, ∠(C1–Ru–C2)=160.6(4.3)°, ∠(C3–Ru–C4)=101.4(1.5)°, and ∠(Ru–C1–O1)=172.6(7.6)°. The axial carbonyl groups are bent slightly toward the hydrogen atoms. These structural parameters are in excellent agreement with the substitution coordinates determined from the Kraitchman equations, and with the structural parameters calculated using density functio...


We report the existence of transversely stable soliton trains in optics. These stable soliton trains are found in two-dimensional square photonic lattices when they bifurcate from X-symmetry points with saddle-shaped diffraction inside the first Bloch band and their amplitudes are above a certain threshold. We also show that soliton trains with low amplitudes or bifurcated from edges of the first Bloch band ({Gamma} and M points) still suffer transverse instability. These results are obtained in the continuous lattice model and are further corroborated by the discrete model.


With the increased percentage of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) connected to the power network, it is challenging to maintain the balance between the power generation and consumptions against the unpredictable renewable energy generation and load variations. Considering this, this study proposed a new DC microgrid control strategy to reduce the disturbance to the main power grid from the distributed generation and load variations within the DC microgrid. The DC microgrid model used in this study includes an energy storage unit (battery), a distributed generation unit (PV) and loads. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to actively regulate the battery charging/discharging current to absorb the power variation caused by PV generation and load changes. The proposed control strategy is validated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.


This paper studies the recent domestic literature on preschool bilingual education and sorts it out from three aspects of theoretical definition,teacher training,and situational creation.The author believes that clarification of the preschool bilingual education aim,enforcement of the teacher training,and creation of the bilingual situation for kindergartens,families and communities help to promote a healthy and orderly development of preschool bilingual education.


This report is concerned with advanced tools and methods for monitoring the effects of climate change in buildings. It addresses the expected changes, the effects on the fabric of a heritage building, and the mechanisms of deterioration. This will be addressed only using the data and measurements that is being collected as part of the HBIM process.

This report was produced as a part of a Newton Fund-sponsored research project 'Heritage Building Information Modelling and Smart Heritage Buildings Performance Measurements for Sustainability'


We investigate the simulation of overflow of the total population of a Markovian two-node tandem queue model during a busy cycle, using importance sampling with a state-independent change of measure. We show that the only such change of measure that may possibly result in asymptotically efficient simulation for large overflow levels is exchanging the arrival rate with the smallest service rate. For this change of measure, we classify the model's parameter space into regions of asymptotic efficiency, exponential growth of the relative error, and infinite variance, using both analytical and numerical techniques.


The invention discloses a method for preparing a bio-carrier by porous foam polymer modification. The method is used for coating bonding modification of porous foam polymers. The method comprises the following steps of adding one or more cationized porous high-adsorptivity functional materials and one or more cationized polyhydric hydrophilic functional materials into coating modification slurry, mixing the coating modification slurry and a cationic acrylic acid emulsion, carrying out coating bonding of the mixture on one or more porous foam polymers, and carrying out cross-linking curing to obtain the modified bio-carrier having strong adsorbability, hydrophily, surface active functional group diversity, positive surface charges and strong biocompatibility. The method provided by the invention is not limited by structures, shapes, aperture sizes and physical properties of foam polymers and can be widely used for external coating modification of multiple carrier materials. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of convenient and simple operation, low investment and making cost, excellent carrier performances and long service life. The bio-carrier obtained by the method can be widely used in fields of fixed attachment of various microorganisms, and enhanced biological treatment.


Rapid composting technology involves inoculating the plant substrates used for composting with cultures of Trichoderma harziamum, a cellulose decomposer fungus. The fungus, grown in a medium of sawdust mixed with the leaves of ipil ipil, is called compost fungus activator (CFA). There must be favorable conditions for the decay process, such as adequate moisture, an appropriate initial C:N ratio of substrates, and aeration. The composting period is shortened to just four weeks. The transfer of this technology to Filipino farmers through a National Program is described. Constraints in technology transfer, economic benefits from the use of compost processed through this technology, and other benefits attributed to the technology are explained. Soil fertility problems in the Philippines, and official fertilizer recommendations, are discussed, together with how the use of compost processed through the rapid composting technology might address these fertility problems.


Research on the RD alliance of disruptive technology innovation has been a significant theoretical and practical issue.Partner selection is an important problem of the formation of the RD alliance.Whether the partner selection is successful is closely related to the cooperation effects of R D alliance.We firstly analyze the disfigurements of Bernardo algorithm and then ameliorate it.Secondly,we set up an improved Bernardo model for partner selection under the multiple resource restrictions,and apply it to the optimal partner selection in virtual enterprise of disruptive innovation,which not only obtains the sequence of the best partners,but also gets the optimal partner amount and the optimal partner combination scheme under the multiple resource restrictions.


The article describes the experience of using LMS as a constituent part of the foreign language course at the Department of Foreign languages at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (state university). The article covers possible approaches of using LMS Moodle, different types of online activities and ways of assessing the student's participation, progress and learning outcome.


Abstract : The studies undertaken are fully counter to the recent and much quoted contention that ticks and domestic animals play a significant role in the ecology of epidemic typhus and, instead, strongly suggest that the serological data that had been presented in support of such a hypothesis are based upon artifacts. Thus, out of 861 Ethiopian livestock sera and 2,849 sera from Egyptian domestic animals tested by complement fixation (CF) in the program, none of the samples contained antibodies specific for rickettsiae of either epidemic typhus or murine typhus. Moreover, 821 of 822 sera from Egyptian donkeys were anticomplementary and therefore nonspecifically positive in CF tests. The identical or a similar anticomplementary substance, identified as IgM, accounted for the results reported as 'positive' by earlier workers. These results indicate that such domestic animals could not serve as a reservoir or source of infection of ticks with R. prowazeki in nature. (Modified author abstract)


The assessment of platelet spreading through light microscopy, and the subsequent quantification of parameters such as surface area and circularity, is a key assay for many platelet biologists. Here we present an analysis workflow which robustly segments individual platelets to facilitate the analysis of large numbers of cells while minimising user bias. Image segmentation is performed by interactive learning and touching platelets are separated with an efficient semi-automated protocol. We also use machine learning methods to robustly automate the classification of platelets into different subtypes. These adaptable and reproducible workflows are made freely available and are implemented using the open source software KNIME and ilastik.


When one of a plurality of storage devices receives an input/output (I/O) request in which the address of a logical volume is designated, a cache destination storage device in which I/O data conforming to the received I/O request will be cached is determined on the basis of an applicable I/O pattern and/or a connection mode. The I/O data is cached in the CM area of the cache destination storage device. The applicable I/O pattern is the one among a plurality of I/O patterns to which an I/O conforming to the received I/O request belongs. Each of the plurality of I/O patterns pertains to whether an I/O destination address in the logical volume is random or sequential. The connection mode indicates whether or not a storage device that receives an I/O request in which the same address as that designated in the received I/O request is designated has been determined.


Haematological investigations are of importance in toxicology because toxicological effects on the blood and associated organs may occur. Further, toxicological parameters are routinely measured during regulatory toxicological studies. There are important practical considerations in obtaining blood and/or bone marrow for toxicological studies. Toxicants can cause abnormalities in toxicological tests by a variety of means. Many of the techniques used in human and veterinary medicine have not been widely applied to laboratory animal toxicology studies.

Keywords:

blood;
erythrocyte;
leucocyte;
haemoglobin;
methaemoglobin;
sampling


As it is used in India, the word 'arbit', a curious diminutive of the word arbitrary, draws on a culture of belonging and a mode of knowing and arranging the world brought to light in the convivial environment of college life. 'Arbit' is a term used to refer to a person who is generally understood to be random, whose actions, opinions and views fall into no comprehensible categories. The appearance of the word 'arbit' can be traced back to the founding of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) in the 1950s and has a mathematical origin. The seemingly arbitrary connection between the word and the history of college campus life dating back to Nehruvian India captures an unusual slice of Indian history: 'arbit' denotes randomness, or an adjective qualifying the absence of a rational system of action, decision, opinion or judgement. Therefore, within the Indian context, the word has a very distinct connotation from its historical origin with its emphasis primarily on power and law. Arbitrary is often used to describe the nature of power, especially of an unrestrained or autocratic nature. It appeared in late Middle English language for the first time following the deposing of Richard II of England around the period of the Wars of the Roses (1455–87); perhaps because it was intended to capture the flux in political power, it entered English as a word meaning 'at one's will or pleasure' (Oxford English Dictionary, OED hereafter). The word derives from the Latin arbitrarius, arbiter, 'judge or supreme ruler' and, as the OED points out, it is perhaps also influenced by the French arbitraire. Given its legal origins, arbitrary became associated primarily with explaining the nature of power or sovereign decisions. To this day, the word arbitration has a vibrant legal life around the world as the Law of Arbitration. 'Arbit' charted a rather idiosyncratic path in India. Famed as having been born on the IIT Bombay campus, 'arbit' originated from the mathematical world. In mathematics, arbitrary means a 'constant or other quantity of an unspecified value' (OED). Especially within algorithms and permutations, the word arbitrary denotes a generality that is independent of any law. As a mathematical concept, arbitrary was elaborated by Kazimierz Kuratowski in what is commonly known as the ordered pair in 1921. A common trope in Indian campuses with cultural roots in IIT Bombay uses the term as an adjective to describe a person who is weird, strange, or not the way he or she should be. Yet, to get the title of being 'arbit', one would have to demonstrate strangeness as a constant characteristic, or a propensity to commit strange acts, perhaps with uninterrupted vigour—this is what distinguishes a strange fellow from an 'arbit' person. Thus, an 'arbit' character on an


Solvothermal reaction of CoCl2·6H2O with H3tci [H3tci = tris(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate] in H2O/CH3COCH3 in the presence of triethylamine gave rise to a mixed-valent thirty-two nuclear cobalt cluster, namely, [CoII16CoIII16(μ4-O)16(tci)16(H2O)12]·40H2O (1). Crystal structural analysis showed that four octanuclear [CoII4CoIII4(μ4-O)4]12+ units were bridged by the carbonyl oxygen atoms of the tci3– ligands to give a Co32 ring. Magnetic studies confirmed the paramagnetic nature of this cluster, and cyclic voltammetry showed an irreversible oxidation at 1.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode.


It highlights the application of AC frequency conversion timing technology on each unit of goods shelf cold bend production and probes into the transducer of goods shelf cold bending units and model selection,equipment commission and maintenance rework of driven motor aimed to technical feature of its company's goods shelf cold bend forming unit,procedure characteristic of goods shelf products as well as its requirements.


Background. There is a gap in our understanding of the determinants of individual student variation of perceived cost longitudinally in high-effort educational activities within self-selected, context-specific academic domains using the Expectancy-Value framework. At present, an instrument to conduct such research on the motivational dynamics of students who choose to persist in high cost behaviors to achieve mastery in health sciences multi-level simulation-based-games is lacking. Method. In this study, a 10-construct, 46-item Value-Achievement-Cost (VAC) student motivation survey was administered on two separate occasions to 44 12th grade students who had self-selected to participate in a year-long, dual enrollment, health-sciences, Career and Technical Education (CTE) program. The VAC survey was used to measure motivation associated with science in general, health sector science learning, and playing health sciences-related games. Results. Convergent validity was established in five of the ten constructs by comparing the α coefficients of the modified 10-construct, 46-item VAC survey compared to three source instruments previously tested in dissimilar STEM student populations. Internal consistency for each of the 10 VAC survey constructs were strong with α coefficients between 0.82 and 0.90. The VAC survey exhibited reliability between the two administration timepoints with statistically significant nonparametric correlation coefficients in forty-four of the 46-items tested displaying strong monotonic relationships between 0.30 and 0.79. Conclusion. This study has provided the psychometric evidence needed so that the VAC survey can be confidently used to assess cost-related motivational dynamics in longitudinal health science multi-level simulation-based-games. An experimental intervention correlating VAC survey measures with health-science students' achievement in a simulation-based, multi-level game is proposed. Students' value, achievement, and cost motivation, related to level achievement, may lead to a better understanding of which health-science game design elements encourage learners to independently persist to mastery.


This study aims to analyze how the influence the spiritual intelligence (SQ) level and organizational commitment with the leadership mediation to Ustadzs performances Islamic boarding school in Kudus, tesis, Human Resource program, Management faculty, University.
Analysis of the test results by using Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS devices showed that the variables spiritual intelligence with the proposed indicators is positive but not significant effect on ustadzs performances. While organizational commitment has a positive and significant impact on performance. If there is leadership mediation, the spiritual intelligence effect on performance is significant and positive,while organizational commitment when there is variabel leadership mediation is positive but not significant effect on the ustadzs performance at the Islamic boarding school in Kudus.
Influence the level of spiritual intelligence (SQ) and organizational commitment with leadership moderation to Ustadzs performance at Islamic boarding school in Kudus is moderate at 40% (R-Square 0.407), the rest of the cleric affected performance indicators and other fariabel developed by subsequent research.


For the most part, the evaluation of scientific journals is limited to the Impact Factor, which normalizes the number of received citations by the number of publications. Compared to this citation indicator, usage statistics can measure the impact of a journal in realtime and account for the whole readership – not Wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften im Web 2.0 149 just the citing authors. With the rise of e-publishing, these statistics can be computed on the basis of download and click rates. However, global usage statistics are not made available and local data often lacks consistency and comparability. This contribution describes an alternative way to compute global journal usage on the basis of social bookmarks.


Metaphor is something that is commonly used in poem. The use of metaphor in poem can give the poem a deeper meaning and understanding. Thus, metaphor in poem becomes phenomena which is interesting to be analyzed. From the background above, the writer is interested in analyzing the use of metaphor in poem. The objective of this study is to find out metaphors in poems and interpret the meaning. This study analyzes the meaning of metaphor by using cognitive linguistics approach. The object of the study is poem "Aku" and "Karawang Bekasi" by Chairil Anwar and "Bulu Matamu: Padang Ilalang" by Joko Pinurbo. The technique that the writer used to analyze the data were identifying, associating, interpreting, and concluding. The result showed that there some metaphors found in the poems. The metaphors were used in "Aku" related to the condition of someone who struggle in his life. These metaphors described the condition of someone who always struggle for his better life although he had a lot of problems in his life. The metaphors in "Kerawang Bekasi" related to the effort of someone who had never gave up to get freedom for his country although he had to give his life (died) for his country. This poem described the spirit of nationality. The last is the use of metaphor in "Bulu Matamu: Padang Ilalang". The metaphors used in the poem represented the beauty of someone's eyes. The metaphors were used to make the poems more beautiful and interesting. It also gives the meaning beyond the word itself.


The population in an arsenic polluted area of Hungary was studied in respect of dermatological signs. Melanosis was observed in 23,75 per cent and keratosis in 10,83 per cent. Vitiligo has been present in 3 per cent of the population being partly associated to melanosis and partly independent. The observations suggest that arsenic does not only induce malignant neoplasms but also enhances development of benign skin tumours.


AtFKBP13, an immunophilin in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen, participates in redox‐regulatory processes via a pair of conserved disulfide bonds that are present at the N‐ and C‐termini of the protein. Characterization of this protein by structural and biochemical analysis has revealed a novel mechanism of redox regulation in the thylakoid lumen. The protein is active in its oxidized form but is inactivated after reduction by the thioredoxin system. This is in sharp contrast with the regulation of biosynthetic enzymes in the stroma of the chloroplast, where reduction of enzymes by thioredoxin activates their function. To understand how the reduced form of AtFKBP13 is stabilized and how reduction of the cysteine residues affects the molecular properties of the enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of reduced AtFKBP13 at 1.88 Å. Comparison of the reduced structure and the oxidized form that we published earlier shows rearrangements in redox site regions, readjustments of hydrogen‐bonding interactions and the secondary structure of the active site residues 50–53, and reduced accessibility of the catalytic residues involved in the peptidyl proline isomerase (PPIase) activity of this enzyme. We propose that redox‐linked changes in the secondary structure of the PPIase domain are responsible for significant functional differences in this protein in the reduced and oxidized states. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Mucoadhesive microbeads of candesartan cilexetil was designed in order to obtain a unique drug delivery system which would remain in the small intestine and prolong the residence time at the absorption site by intimate contact with the mucus layer thereby increase bioavailability, reduce the frequency of dose administration and also to prolong the drug release. The mucoadhesive microbeads were prepared by ionotrophic gelation method using sodium alginate, xanthan gum, pectin in combination with 1% chitosan using different crosslinking agents including calcium chloride (ca2+), zinc chloride (zn2+), barium chloride (ba2+) and lead nitrate (pb2+) ions in different ratios. The microbeads were evaluated for percentage yield, bead size, entrapment efficiency, swelling index, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion study by in vitro wash off test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were investigated. Infrared spectroscopy studies (IR) confirmed the absence of any drug interaction with polymers. DSC analysis revealed that the drug was uniformly distributed in the beads. The mean particle size increases with increasing the polymer concentration. SEM photomicrograph showed microbeads with rough surface and spherical shape. The entrapment efficiency of all formulations was in the range between 70% and 90%. The swelling index decreased with increase in sodium alginate and divalent ions concentration. The results of in vitro mucoadhesive showed that the microbeads were remained adhered to mucus membrane for longer period of time. In vitro drug release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid [SGF, pH 1.2] for 2 hours and phosphate buffer [pH 6.5] for 10 hours at 37±20


Density functional theory has been used to study single to multiple site behavior of metallocene catalysts for olefin polymerization using (CpPr)2Hf(R)2 and (CpPr)2Zr(R)2 (here, R = Me and n-butyl ...


The Jinsha 金沙 Site was discovered in February 8,2001. Between then and March 2003, a savage archaeological endeavor that involved the field strategies of subsurface probing and extensive excavation had been carried out in coordination with the city's infrastructure development. The project revealed some of the basic features of the site.


Congress enacted § 280E as part of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. Section 280E prohibits the deduction of any expenses paid or incurred in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business consists of trafficking in controlled substances within the meaning of schedule I or II of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA) and that trade or business is prohibited by federal law or by the law of a state in which the trade or business is conducted. Although § 162(c)(2) was in existence prior to 1982, this provision only disallows deductions for illegal business expenses. In other words, a deduction for a business expense is disallowed under § 162(c)(2) if the making of the payment itself is illegal, regardless of whether the underlying business that gave rise to such payment is illegal. Thus, legal expenses of an illegal business continue to be deductible. In Edmondson v. Comm'r, the Tax Court held that ordinary and necessary business expenses, the payment of which were legal, incurred by a taxpayer in the business of selling amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana were deductible under § 162 of the Code. In an apparent reaction to Edmondson, Congress enacted § 280E. The legislative history of § 280E makes clear that Congress intended the provision to further the public policy of prohibiting illegal drug dealing: There is a sharply defined public policy against drug dealing. To allow drug dealers the benefit of business expense deductions at the same time that the U.S. and its citizens are losing billions of dollars per year to such persons is not compelled by the fact that such deductions are allowed to other legal enterprises. Such deductions should be disallowed on public policy grounds. Marijuana is included in Schedule I of the CSA and federal law prohibits the manufacture and distribution of marijuana. Therefore, by reason of § 280E, persons engaged in the business of growing and/or distributing marijuana cannot deduct ordinary and necessary business expenses. According to legislative history, the denial of such deductions is intended to promote a public policy of deterring the manufacture and distribution of marijuana. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize the use, possession, and cultivation of marijuana for patients who possess a written or oral recommendation from their physician. Today, twenty-eight states and the District of Columbia have legalized the use of marijuana and permit the conduct of a business cultivating and marketing marijuana.


Chihuahua cheese is traditionally produced in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, with raw milk, which involves potential bacterial outbreaks. The objective of this work was to characterize the cheese-making process of Chihuahua cheese, including the determination of cheese composition and microbiological determination of pathogens, indicators and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Ten different cheese factories were sampled where cheese manufacturing protocols were documented. Also, samples of raw milk, curd, cheddaring, and final product were taken. Pathogens, indicators (total mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Salmonella) and LAB were quantified in all samples. Proximal analysis of the final product was also completed. Although process steps were similar, there were significant variations in relevant parameters such as temperature, pH, and time. Regarding microbiological analysis, coliforms (5.9-7.4 Log10 CFU/g) and total mesophilic counts were high (8.8-9.2 Log10 CFU/g), while counts of S. aureus were within the range of 2.1-2.3 Log10 CFU/g. The microbial count of lactobacilli was lower in milk and higher in the final product. The highest counts of enterococci (6.97 Log10 CFU/g) and thermophilic lactobacilli (8.16 Log10 CFU/g) were observed in the final product. Microbial counts were different in all dairies and LAB groups varied during the manufacturing process. Principal Component Analysis grouped data by type of sample or process analyzed, rather than by dairy location. Manufacturing standardization, incorporation of good manufacturing practices, and milk pasteurization with the use of a starter culture, can improve the overall quality of Chihuahua cheese. The balance between the sensorial and physicochemical properties of the artisanal product will assure that Chihuahua cheese is not a risk of food-borne outbreaks for consumers.


Measurements on two experimental core-type transformers, one with two limbs and the other with three limbs, were used to test the validity of theories of transient oscillations in windings with particular reference to Coleman's theoretical treatment of multi-limb transformers. Wherever practicable, 'equivalent single-limb' parameters were measured in accordance with this theory. Spectral distributions of oscillation frequencies and variations of mutual leakage inductance between winding elements with separation between elements were adopted as the main criteria in comparisons of experiment and theory.These comparisons showed the superiority of an exponential distribution of mutual inductance over other approximations assumed theories. No critical oscillation frequency as predicted by Rudenberg was reached or approached, but some support was found for assuming the velocity of travelling waves to be independent of frequency when calculating inter-section voltages.Measured responses in terms of spatial distribution, amplitude and waveform showed reasonable agreement with theory. The analytical treatment by Coleman of the transient behaviour of multi-limb transformers was verified by numerous tests.


Taking 160 drivers as the research object,the influence factors of their aggressive driving behavior were analyzed through the theory of behavior and modeling method of disaggregate discrete choice.In the research,the authors determined variables for the influence factors of aggressive driving behavior choice and the ways to obtain their values,and developed a multinomial Logit(MNL) model.The influence degree and process to aggressive driving behavior were analyzed by elasticity theory.Another 58 drivers behavior data were selected to testify the model's validity.The result shows that the personality of the drivers and violation of other vehicle are the crucial factors to aggressive driving behavior,with the relative error of 10% between judgment data of scale and computational values by MNL,therefore the model accuracy can meet the actual requirements.


Essential skills for IT professionals

Mike Meyers A+ Guide to PC Hardware Lab Manual, Second Edition features 40-plus lab exercises that challenge you to solve problems based on realistic case studies and step-by-step scenarios that require critical thinking. You'll also get post-lab observation questions that measure your understanding of lab results and key term quizzes that help build vocabulary.

Table of contents

Chapter 1: Getting to Know the A+ Exams
Chapter 2: The Visible PC
Chapter 3: Understanding CPUs
Chatper 4: Understanding RAM
Chapter 5: Understanding BIOS and CMOS
Chapter 6: Understanding the Expansion Bus
Chapter 7: Understanding Motherboards
Chapter 8: Understanding Powering PCs
Chapter 9: Implementing Hard Drives
Chapter 10: Understanding Removable Media
Chapter 11: Installing and Upgrading Windows
Chapter 12: Understanding Windows
Chapter 13: Maintaining Windows
Chapter 14: Input/Output
Chapter 15: Understanding Video
Chapter 16: Portable Computing
Chapter 17: Understanding Printers
Chapter 18: Local Area Networking
Chapter 19: Computer Security
Chapter 20: The Complete PC Technician
INDEX


To cope with increasing demands for higher computational power and flexibility, dynamically and partially reconfigurable logic has started to play an important role in embedded systems and systems-on-chip. However, when using traditional design methods and tools, it is difficult to estimate or analyze the performance impact of including such reconfigurable logic devices into a system design. In this work, we present an easy-to-use system-level framework, called Perfecto, which is able to perform rapid explorations of different reconfiguration alternatives and to detect system performance bottlenecks. This framework is based on the popular system-level design language SystemC, which is supported by most EDA and ESL tools. Different hardware-software co-partitioning, co-scheduling, and placement algorithms can all be embedded into the framework for analysis. Perfecto can also be used to design the algorithms to be used in an operating system for reconfigurable systems. Applications to some examples have shown advantages of having an evaluation framework such as Perfecto


area under the curve; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive P450; drug-drug DILI, drug-induced liver injury; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle's ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HC, hydrocortisone; interleukin-6; interleukin-6 PBPK, pharmacokinetics; receptor; simvastatin hydroxy acid; SVS, simvastatin; Abstract Traditional in vitro human liver cell culture models lose key hepatic functions such as metabolic activity during short-term culture. Advanced 3D liver co-culture platforms offer the potential for extended hepatocyte functionality, allowing for the study of more complex biological interactions that can improve and refine human drug safety evaluation. Here, we utilize a perfusion flow 3D microreactor platform for the co-culture of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes and Kupffer cells to study the regulation of CYP3A4 activity by chronic IL-6-mediated inflammation over two weeks. Hepatocyte cultures remained stable over two weeks, with consistent albumin production and basal IL-6 levels. Direct IL-6 stimulation that mimics an inflammatory state induced a dose-dependent suppression of CYP3A4 activity, an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) secretion, and a decrease in shed soluble IL-6R levels, indicating expected hepatic IL-6 bioactivity. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, has been demonstrated clinically to impact small molecule drug pharmacokinetics by modulating cytochrome P450 enzyme activities, an effect not observed in traditional hepatic cultures. We have now recapitulated the clinical observation in a 3D bioreactor system. Tocilizumab was shown to de-suppress CYP3A4 activity while reducing CRP concentration after 72 hours in the continued presence of IL-6. This change in CYP3A4 activity decreased the half-life and AUC last of the small molecule CYP3A4 substrate simvastatin hydroxy acid, measured before and after tocilizumab treatment. We conclude that next-generation in vitro liver culture platforms are well-suited for these types of long-term treatment studies and show promise for improved drug safety assessment. time prevents the analysis of changes in small molecule pharmacokinetics before and after CYP modulation with inflammatory/anti-inflammatory stimuli in the same cell populations over time to determine whether there is a functional consequence of those changes in apparent CYP activity. Those studies also utilized an anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody co-dosed with IL-6 over 72 hours to prevent CYP suppression. Long-term culture would allow for both phases of the process to be observed, first suppression by cytokine application, followed by de-suppression of CYPs in hepatocytes.


The all-electron full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital method, by means of quasi-harmonic Debye model, is applied to investigate the elastic constant and thermodynamic properties of body-centered-cubic tantalum (bcc Ta). The calculated elastic constants of bcc Ta at 0 K is consistent with the previous experimental and theoretical results. Our calculations give the correct trends for the pressure dependence of elastic constants. By using the convenient quasi-harmonic Debye model, we refined the thermal equations of state. The thermal expansivity and some other thermal properties agree well with the previous experimental and theoretical results.


Objectives/Hypothesis: Laryngomalacia is an enigmatic disease in which laryngeal tone is weak, resulting in dynamic prolapse of tissue into the larynx. Sensorimotor integrative function of the brainstem and peripheral reflexes are responsible for laryngeal tone and airway patency. The goal of this study was to elucidate the etiology of decreased laryngeal tone through evaluating the sensorimotor integrative function of the larynx. The secondary goal was to evaluate factors and medical comorbidities that contribute to the wide spectrum of symptoms and outcomes.


The present invention relates to a thermally insulated internal combustion engine, wherein the surface of one or more parts of the internal combustion engine is wholly or partially surrounded by a polyurethane foam. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing a thermally insulated internal combustion engine, initially introducing a motor part surrounds the at umschaumenden part of the motor part with a mold so that a cavity is formed between the engine part and form, is a polyurethane reaction mixture into the cavity the polyurethane reaction mixture left to react to form a polyurethane foam and the mold removed.


Digital HD-Readx TV HR3093U widely uses the digital processing technology to improved picture, for example digital 120 Hz scan, motion compensation, digital color transient improvement, progressive scan etc.HR3093U can process the multichannel TV Sound conforming to the standard recommended by the Broadcast Television System Committee(BTSC) in America. Closed captioning for the deafmute and violence chip parental control have offered by means of processing vertical blanking interval line 21 data.