The invention discloses an electrodynamic road simulation vibration table which belongs to the technical field of road vibration test and is characterized by comprising an actuating mechanism, a data collecting device and a computer, wherein the actuating mechanism consists of a motor driver, a servo motor, a shaft joint, a work table fixing a tested component and a guide screw in sequence; the data collecting device is formed by connecting a data collecting card and a displacement pickup in series; the computer outputs road movement simulating the vertical displacement of the road and showed in a pulsed voltage way to the motor driver so that the motor drive generates a revolving movement, and the revolving movement is further converted into a linear movement to drive the tested component to simulate the vertical displacement movement of the road, and after the displacement of the tested component is collected by the data collecting device, corresponding digital signals are input in the computer. The invention has the advantages of stable running, good controllability, quick response, high sensitivity, good linearity, and the like.


We present a calculation of solitary waves propagating in a steady state with constant velocity v along a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein trap approximated as an infinitely elongated cylinder. For sufficiently weak couplings (densities), the main features of the calculated solitons could be captured by effective one-dimensional (1D) models. However, for stronger couplings of practical interest, the relevant solitary waves are found to be hybrids of quasi-1D solitons and 3D vortex rings. An interesting hierarchy of vortex rings occurs as the effective coupling constant is increased through a sequence of critical values. The energy-momentum dispersion of the above structures is shown to exhibit characteristics similar to a mode proposed sometime ago by Lieb within a strictly 1D model, as well as some rotonlike features.


Nutrient management of high-density apple orchards remains to be a serious problem in central Russia. Enhancing apple productivity by applying higher fertilizer rates leads to an increased environmental burden and undesired consequences. Although the transition to organic farming may solve many horticultural problems, conventional methods still produce higher crop yields. One of the most pressing issues consists in reducing mineral fertilizer use by applying more organic substances. This approach allows soil fertility to be preserved while maintaining high levels of plantation productivity. In the present research, particular attention was paid to potassium nutrition of apple trees. During 2020 and 2021, we studied the effect of potassium fertilizers in various standard amounts and silicon-modified potassium humate on the state of apple trees cv. Ligol grafted on 62-396 rootstock in the experimental orchard of I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center. The orchard was planted in 2018 according to a 1.2×4.5 m pattern (1852 trees per hectare). The experimental design was as follows: control (irrigation); full standard amount of N20P6K28 fertilizers; ¾ standard amount of N15P4K21 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate, ½ standard amount of N10P3K14 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate; full standard potassium humate amount of 10 L/ha. In 2020, the introduction of potassium humate provided the maximum yield, although without significant differences compared to the use of mineral fertilizers. In 2021, the yield was also at the level achieved with mineral fertilizers. Potassium humate provided a higher nitrogen content in the leaves as compared to mineral fertilizers, largely due to a significant increase in the availability of nitrogen and potassium in the soil. The content of available phosphorus was not significantly affected. This assumes that the effectiveness of humates depends on the soil type. The combined application of reduced standard amounts of mineral fertilizers and potassium humate contributed to maintenance of high yields under with a less dramatic increase in soil acidity.


: Effects of tethering on predatory escape by juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun were exam-ined. Trials were conducted in a large flume to simulate the natural sedimentary and hydrodynamic properties of open sand flats in low-energy estuarine environments. Behavioral interactions between juvenile (prey) and adult (predator) blue crabs were video recorded, then quantified by cornputer- video motion analysis. Sig~uficantly more tethered juveniles (70%) were captured by adults than non-tethered juveniles (10%). Kinematics of the prey swimming escape response changed little as a result of the tether. Mean velocity, maximum velocity, and maximum acceleration did not differ significantly between tethered and non-tethered juveniles. But tethered juveniles traveled shorter distances during bursts of sw~rnrning to escape predatory adults, and they could not evade persistent attackers. Whereas tethering is used to assess relative rates of predation, it increases vulnerability of prey organisms to attack. Predation rates will be most inflated for highly mobile prey that effectively evade capture when they are not restrained. Investigators are strongly encouraged to quantify the impacts of tethering on prey escape and survivorship.


The $H_0$-tension problem poses a confrontation of dark energy driving late-time cosmological expansion measured by the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ over an extended range of redshifts $z$. Distinct values $H_0\simeq 73$ km\,s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$ and $H_0\simeq 68$ km\,s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$ obtain from surveys of the Local Universe and, respectively, $\Lambda$CBM analysis of the CMB. These are representative of accelerated expansion with $H^\prime(0)\simeq0$ by $\Lambda=\omega_0^2$ and, respectively, $H^\prime(0)>0$ in $\Lambda$CDM, where $\omega_0=\sqrt{1-q}H$ is a fundamental frequency of the cosmological horizon in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with deceleration parameter $q(z)=-1+(1+z)H^{-1}H^\prime(z)$. Explicit solutions $H(z)=H_0\sqrt{1+\omega_m(6z+12z^2+12z^3+6z^4+(6/5)z^5)}$ and, respectively, $H(z)=H_0\sqrt{1-\omega_m+\omega_m(1+z)^3}$ are here compared with recent data on $H(z)$ over $0\lesssim z \lesssim2$. The first is found to be free of tension with $H_0$ from local surveys, while the latter is disfavored at $2.7\sigma$. A further confrontation obtains in galaxy dynamics by a finite sensitivity of inertia to background cosmology in weak gravity, putting an upper bound of $m\lesssim 10^{-30}$eV on the mass of dark matter. A $C^0$ onset to weak gravity at the de Sitter scale of acceleration $a_{dS}=cH(z)$, where $c$ denotes the velocity of light, can be seen in galaxy rotation curves covering $0\lesssim z \lesssim 2$. Weak gravity in galaxy dynamics hereby provides a proxy for cosmological evolution.


97 Case Report J Lipid Atheroscler 2017 December;6(2):97-101 https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2017.6.2.97 pISSN 2287-2892 • eISSN 2288-2561 JLA Double Right Coronary Arteries Originated from Separate Ostia with Total Occlusive Lesion in One of the Two Right Coronary Arteries Jaehoon Chung, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jae-Bin Seo, Joo-Hee Zo, Myung-A Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim Division of Cardiology, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea


Clinical incident reporting identifies actual and potential risks to patient safety and then eliminates those risks through a system of procedural changes, policy enactment or changes in staff education. This constitutes the first study to explore perceptions of registered nursing staff towards efficacy of clinical incident reporting in Ireland since the launch of the national "STARSweb" incident reporting system in 2004. A survey of 210 nurses using open and closed questions was conducted across three separate acute hospitals in the Irish midlands region. While the majority of participants (90%) had submitted at least one clinical incident report, few received prompt feedback (12%) or prior appropriate training (30%) on this topic. A clear definition of what participants understood of the term "clinical incident" was not evident. However, fear of repercussion or disciplinary action from management was not considered an issue in terms of barriers to reporting. However it is evident that further training in clinical incident reporting is required and modifications to reporting systems at governance level within hospitals are necessary in supporting staff in their work. When considering effective management of clinical incident reporting, managers should ensure that staff nurses receive appropriate feedback and promote the importance of this feedback to enhance clinical incident reporting. Key words: Incident reporting, near miss, risk management, adverse event, clinical, human error.


Method which is used in this research is method Research Of Action Class (PTK) which
is executed in 2 cycle in class of V SDN 2 Lion District Of Posigadan Regency of
Bolaang Mongondow South. Technics of data collecting in this research in the form of
activity observation sheet learn and student, tes, and also documentation.
Result of research indicate that at cycle of I only 6 student people capable to or 60% with
value 70 to to the which have been expressed is complete, while which unable to 4 people
or 40% with value 70 downwards and expressed is not complete. At cycle of II mount to
become 9 student people capable to or 90% to to the which have been expressed is
complete, unable to a number of 1 people or equal to 10% with value 70 downwards and
expressed is not complete. Conclusion that visual audio media can improve ability of
student determine to the number of symmetry from awaking up to level off in class of V
SDN 2 Lion District Of Posigadan Regency of Bolaang Mongondow South.


The total synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids (+/-)-renieramycin G (4) and a lemonomycinone analogue (7) is described. A general strategy to synthesize both the mono- and bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from a common advanced intermediate, 17, is presented.


Summary The excessive production of free radicals in organism and the imbalance between the concentration of these and the antioxidant defences has been related to the process of aging. It has been postulated that oxidative processes and antioxidant defence can bee sex related. Besides, we have noticed that at old age 60% of male mice developed hepatocellular tumors which were absent in females. Thus, it is of interest to determine oxidative and antioxidative status of aging male and female mice under conventional oxygen conditions and in 100-percet oxygen with possible mechanisms involved. The process of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity was age and sex-related, favouring males over females throughout the lifespan. The sensitivity of a cell to free radical attack apparently depends on the relationship among antioxidant enzymes rather than on absolute activities of individual antioxidant enzymes. Indeed, our results imply stronger correlative links in old female than male mice, which might explain why old females are better protected from oxidative stress than males. In the liver of hyperoxia treated mice sex-related difference was found at the physiological level observing malondialdehyde (MDA) increment (one of the end products of lipid peroxidation) and increased catalase (CAT) activity only in male mice. Hyperoxia did upregulate a stress responsive enzyme heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), but only in female mice. Also, stress related izoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 family were changed. In female mice Cyp1A1 and Cyp1A2 were downregulated and Cyp2A5 was upregulated. The results of our study suggest that females are less susceptible to oxidative stress by two major mechanisms: upregulated expression of HO-1 genes and different expression of certain P450 enzymes.


PREPARATION OF IRRADIATED POLYCAPROLACTONE-CHITOSAN-HYDROXYAPATITE FOR BIOMATERIAL APPLICATION. Biocompatible polycaprolactone-chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite with various composition were prepared using glacial acetic acid solvent and film casting method at room temperature. Irradiation process was done using electron beam machine at the dose of 10-50 kGy. These membranes were investigated for its ability to absorp water, mechanical properties, identification of functional group with fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffraction pattern analysis with x-ray diffraction (XRD). Water absorption increased with the increasing of chitosan and hydroxyapatite because of their hidrophilicity. Mechanical properties test shows the increased of tensile strength and decreased of elongation as the irradiation dose rises. FTIR absorbed bands composite membrane I to IV shows association of specific peaks of polycaprolactone, chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Diffraction pattern analysis by using XRD shows unchanged of crystal structures in composite membranes. The results of this study show the composition of membranes is prospective for the further development of biomaterial for clinical application.


1) As a result of field investigations, it has cleared that concrete revetment river has less variety and smaller amounts of fish that normally inhabit rich aguatic plant habitats which in turn, slow the river flow, in comparison with a river of natural river bank (as time passed). And also, fish inhabit densities of concrete-revetment-river may be decreased about half in comparsion with un-improved/natural river which have aquatic plants, willow trees, rip-rap cobbles so on. 2) It could prove the importance of "uki-ishi-river-bed" (浮き石川床、unstable stream bed which is unsedimentary cobbles) for fish. Generally in the flood, lots of fish are flowed to down stream by flood because most fish can not resist the flow velocity at "shizumiishi- river-bed" (沈み石川床、stable stream bed which is sedimentary cobbles) which has not or cattail plants zone of river side. However, we could collect lots of fish using a casting cover nets from senter of river in flood at the Ta-river which is many uki-ishiriver-bed (because fish take refuge in to the uki-ishi-river-bed). 3) River improvement construction has promoted activity in construction of concrete revetment on the river side (which has come into wide use) in order to protect scouring caused by flood. However, river improvement producess an evil influence on the habitat of fish, due to the decreasing of rapids, pools and aguatic plants associated with these improvements. For the above reason, I carried out to improve the Construction "Method of Close-to Nature Type River" (多自然型河川工法) which is able to inhabit many kinds of fish according to rehabilitate inhabitable environment for fish.


IntroductIon Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor related to poor prognosis and limited treatment.[1] Adjuvant radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is typically prescribed for patients, although some patients undergoing this treatment also had increased tumor size and side effects. Therefore, it is important to improve the treatment options for patients with GBM.[2,3]


High torque and power density as well as simple rotor structure of flux switching (FS) machines nominate them as a suitable candidates for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Various topologies of hybrid excited FS machines are attractive for EV applications due to their flux weakening capabilities. PM excited segmented rotor FS machines are introduced previously as a high torque density drive. In this paper two hybrid excited topology of this machine is proposed and its performance is analyzed by finite element method. Simulation of proposed hybrid excited segmented rotor flux switching machine topologies are carried out and evaluated for both flux weakening and flux enhancing scenarios that shows acceptable performance of proposed topologies for EV applications.


Lucene, LingPipe, and Gate are popular open source tools to build powerful search applications. Building Search Applications describes functions from Lucene that include indexing, searching, ranking, and spelling correction to build search engines. Use LingPipe and Gate to find the meaning of text to make search applications more useful. With this book you will learn to: - Extract tokens from text using custom tokenizers and analyzers from Lucene, LingPipe, and Gate. - Construct a search engine index with an optional backend database to manage large document collections. - Explore the wide range of Lucene queries to search an index, understand the ranking algorithm for a query, and suggest spelling corrections. - Find the names of people, places, and other entities in text using LingPipe and Gate. - Categorize documents by topic using classifiers and build groups of self-organized documents using clustering algorithms from LingPipe. - Create a Web crawler to scan the We b, Intranet, or desktop using Nutch. - Track the sentiment of articles published on the Web with LingPipe - Detect plagiarism of documents using a registered document collection.


With the ongoing miniaturization of structures and devices down to the nanometer scale, we notice concomitant escalation of atoms located at surfaces or interfaces. Presence of surfaces and interfaces generates stresses in nanoscale structures that can easily exceed 1GPa. We developed and applied a method for measuring the absolute value of grain-boundary stress. Since investigation of grain-boundary stress as well as phase-boundary stress of body-centered-cubic materials has not been addressed so far, we aimed at determining the grain-boundary stress f of nanocrystalline Fe. By means of x-ray diffraction measurements of average grain size and residual-strain-free lattice spacings, we deduced a value of f=1.1±0.2N∕m.


Abstract Using internship experiences to instruct international students in the acquisition of improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes relating to individuals with disabilities in developing nati...


Real estate projects are developed excessively in China in this decade. Many new housing districts are built, but they far exceed the actual demand in some cities. These cities with a high housing vacancy rate are called ghost cities. The real situation of vacant housing areas in China has not been studied in previous research. This study, using Baidu positioning data, presents the spatial distribution of the vacant housing areas in China and classifies cities with a large vacant housing area as cities or tourism sites. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that we detected and analyzed the ghost cities in China at such fine scale. To understand the human dynamic in ghost cities, we select one city and one tourism sites as cases to analyze the features of human dynamics. This study illustrates the capability of big data in sensing our cities objectively and comprehensively.


years, security of several kinds of images is a major issue in secure data communication over any unreliable network. In this paper, a new technique to secure images by using grid-based encryption and decryption approach with RSA cryptosystem has been devised. This approach has taken original image, performed block transformation followed by grid transformation, then finally a public key cryptosystem is applied pixel-by-pixel to secure image. Experimental images have been taken and performed encryption and decryption to elaborate this technique. Error analysis shows that the technique is robust.


Jasmonic acid deficiency in the lodicule leads to scattered floret opening time in cytoplasmic male sterile rice by retarding lodicule expansion through reduced accumulation of osmotic regulation substances and water.


MoS2 is a material of interest for two-dimensional (2D) field effect transistors (FETs) [1-3], however contact resistance (Rc) remains a key limiting factor. Here we present a systematic study of contact resistance to MoS2 using various metals with different deposition conditions, compared to detailed simulations. We find that decreasing the metal deposition pressure improves the metal-MoS2 interface and brings Rc for Au contacts to <;1 kΩ-μm, which is lower than previous reports with Ni, Sc, or Au [1,4]. Comparison to simulations suggest that while the contact resistivity is reasonably good (ρc ≈ 5·10-7 Ω·cm2), the lateral access resistance limits Rc in MoS2 FETs. This study is crucial for scalability of MoS2 devices, also suggesting methods to further improve Rc.


Abstract : Vigilance tasks, from driving to surveillance to security remain important and frequent tasks for the U.S. Army. Yet the difficulty users have sustaining vigilance is well known. Augmented cognition offers new methods for supporting sustained vigilance via a closed-loop attention management system (CLAM). A CLAM system monitors operators' psychophysiology for signs of inattention and then triggers a countermeasure to rouse them and help them sustain vigilance and good task performance. There are many requirements for bringing this concept to fruition, including minimal or no contact psychophysiological measures that are minimally invasive or constraining, accurate and precise prediction of attention level and task performance, and effective interface modifications. Over the course of this 3-year project, the authors have investigated the following: (1) effective combinations of psychophysiological measures of inattention, (2) effective countermeasures to rouse and re-engage participants once inattention is detected, and (3) a complete closed-loop system for monitoring and sustaining attention and task performance. The project has produced three book chapters and one conference paper. A journal article is under review. This report includes abstracts describing the work during each year of the project.


This article argues the historical rhetorical strategies adopted by Brazilians media stakeholders to guarantee a situation of anomie in the sector. The analyze is about the factors involving the called media "owners" to assume a speech in defense of "freedom of expression" in all occasions where the others social actors reveal some intention of public or social control on this sector.


The application of MR imaging in medicine and basic research has seen a steady growth in the field strength of the magnets. Subsequent to the installation of the first few high-field-strength (ie, ≥ 3T) systems, which were mainly developed for improved MR spectroscopy, functional MR imaging (fMRI


The theme of this meeting was suggested by Paul Ritcher and adopted by the Governing Board at New Orleans. It is deceptively simple, direct and even poetic, yet it is relevent to the problems of our Society and profession in 1966 and in the future. Some of you may not have stopped to think that the graduate students in this room today will be at the peak of their careers in the year 2000. Because civilization moves at an accelerating pace, life at that time will probably be as different from what we know today, as our own life is from that of the 19th century. With this somewhat jarring thought, we might take another look at the words of our theme —"Entomology looks to the future—Men, money, and mission" — and ask whether we are really looking to the future. In our teaching are we distinguishing between the trivial and the significant, and in our research are we concentrating on the temporary or on longterm solutions to problems? In the Entomological Society of America are we considering what can be done to shape the entomology of the future?


During the last fifteen years, there have been many attempts to study the noncasual stochastic integrals and the related calculus, which have been made a very significant progress in stochastic analysis. Up to now, most of them are devoted to anticipating stochastic integrals with respect to Wiener process, and there is no unified theory of stochastic integrals. By Gaussian operators, we consider the Skorohod integrals with respect to random fields. These results would be used to study stochastic differential equations with 'noise fields'.


Inverter type compressors have been developed to improve energy efficiency and aquire characteristic of the wide operating range for airconditioners. Especially, The adaption of a DC motor can be aquired higher efficiency than AC motor. We have developed the higher efficiency rotary compressor using a DC brushless motor. Also, we have improved compression and mechanical efficiency by the optimization of mechanical part. As a result, our BLDC rotary compressors have been obtained 10~15% higher efficiency than that of AC rotary compressor of our company at wide range. We also confirmed higher reliability of the BLDC rotary compressor using a acceleration test.


Many nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and explosives are of environmental concern because of their toxicity and their tendency to transform to more watersoluble compounds. These compounds are widely spread in the environment due to the large amounts used in industrial and military activities. Complex mixtures can be formed during different degradation and transformation processes in the environment. These mixtures are difficult to analyse. Despite several studies, the transformation processes and reaction products of NACs in soil and water systems are still largely unknown. In this study, sludge, from a water treatment plant that takes care of wastewater from pharmaceutical and explosives industries, was biologically treated. Transformation and degradation of the explosives and nitroaromatics in the sludge during the different treatments was studied. The sludge was treated under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. LC/MS and GC/MS were used to analyse the explosives and nitroaromatics in the sludge, before and during the treatments. Mass spectrometric detectors can be used for identifying unknown substances by specific fragmentation patterns. LC-MS is used for polar and thermally unstable compounds while GC-MS has the advantage of available spectral libraries for comparison and identification of unknown compounds. This study showed a decrease in the amount of explosives and nitroaromatics during both the aerobic and anaerobic treatments, except for some pharmaceutical compounds that seem to accumulate in the treated sludge. The degradation of nitroaromatics seems to have been successful for both the aerobic and the anaerobic system.


This paper aims to propose a two-step approach for day-ahead hourly scheduling in a distribution system operation, which contains two operation costs, the operation cost at substation level and feeder level. In the first step, the objective is to minimize the electric power purchase from the day-ahead market with the stochastic optimization. The historical data of day-ahead hourly electric power consumption is used to provide the forecast results with the forecasting error, which is presented by a chance constraint and formulated into a deterministic form by Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In the second step, the objective is to minimize the system loss. Considering the nonconvexity of the three-phase balanced AC optimal power flow problem in distribution systems, the second-order cone program (SOCP) is used to relax the problem. Then, a distributed optimization approach is built based on the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). The results shows that the validity and effectiveness method.


Reports of applications vary for institutions using the Seven Principles and the Faculty and Institutional Inventories; overall, in the survey reported here, respondents indicated a need for clearer information about potential and actual uses.


Simple Summary Neonatal piglet viability is decreasing in concert with the selection for ever-greater numbers of piglets born per sow per year. Their survival depends on the early intervention and management strategies used by production staff. This paper will review current and novel methods used to identify these piglets, some of the factors affecting their viability, and management strategies commonly used within production systems to improve their survival. Abstract Increased attention on the effects of the global push for a larger litter size has focused on the increased occurrence of piglets with decreased viability, which have lighter birthweights and a reduced ability to thrive in early life. To improve their odds of survival, interventions must be timely and targeted. This requires the early identification of low-viability pigs and appropriate strategies to manage them. Using novel measures such as abdominal circumference and crown to the rump length in conjunction with birth weight may provide an improved protocol for the identification of those at most risk of preweaning mortality. Further, identifying these at-risk piglets allows interventions to increase their colostrum intake and heat provisions shortly following birth. The appropriate management of the pre- and post-partum sows will improve the chances of decreasing the number of piglets born with lower viability. However, this outcome is constrained by limitations in resources such as technology and staffing. If these challenges can be overcome, it will allow for greater control and increased effectiveness in the implementation of current and new management strategies.


The ability to read in second or foreign language (L2/FL) is a vital skill for academic and autonomous language learning. This study investigates the reading performance of two TEFL students from different language backgrounds on two English texts and their equivalent Persian translations comparing their reading rate and comprehension in L1 and L2. A combination of think-aloud protocol, interview and observation methods was used in order to figure out the reading strategies used by each participant in the process of reading and comprehending each text. First, participants were asked to model the steps of their thinking when reading the same text and to discuss what strategies and process they went through while interacting with the passage. Then, they were asked to respond some questions at the end of each reading passage. Last, an interview about their reading experiences and strategies is conducted. Findings of collected data from multiple sources were examined in the sense that the overall extracted themes were triangulated. The data were analyzed based on the Uso-Juan, Esther and Alicia Martinez-Flor (2006) framework for key reading strategies. The result showed that there is a positive relationship between reading fluency and reading comprehension. The most effective strategies employed by each participant were also reported. Through critically and analytically reflecting on differences between L1 and L2 reading, language learners can learn how to read so as to get the most out of their academic materials.


We compare I‐Vcharacteristics of a semiconducting submicron n + nn + diode as predicted by extended moment equation approximations to those obtained from the solution of the corresponding Boltzmann equation. All lower order models fail in the predominantly ballistic regime. Moreover, the conductance is inadequately predicted by these models, even in nonballistic cases due to the high build‐in electric fields.


Spray characteristics and internal flow structures of an atomizer are important parameters in indicating their performances. Both parameters are affected by the operating conditions and atomizer geometries. This study investigates the effect of operating parameters and atomizer geometries on spray angle, breakup length and gas core diameter of swirl effervescent atomizer. This work is conducted specifically to find the most critical parameters that will produce the required spray characteristics and internal flow structure. The atomizer performance tests were carried out using water as the working fluid and nitrogen gas as the atomizing agent. High-speed shadowgraph technique was utilized to record the videos of the spray and internal flow structures. The video recordings were converted to image sequences and analyzed using image processing software. Geometrical parameters were found to be more dominant for characterizing the resultant sprays, but operating conditions was more critical in affecting the internal flow structures. The widest spray angle (~25°) and shortest breakup length (~10mm) were observed at the high level of swirl-generating vane angle and discharge orifice diameter. Gas core diameter expanded up to 1.13mm at the high level of GLR.


This paper proposes a multi-channel adaptive array spatial covariance matrix estimation technique in which the covariance is modeled as consisting of two complementary components. The first component has finite rank and is meant to capture the low-rank components of the external interference environment. The second component has full rank and corresponds to external noise, but is modeled by a low-order parametric model. In isolation both of these covariance models require relatively low training sample support, comparable to the rank or order. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate that these covariance modeling methods can be applied together as a finite-order finite-rank (FOFR) covariance estimate. This estimate can be used to perform efficient low-loss adaptive beamforming for two-dimensional spatially oversampled high-frequency over-the-horizon radar receive arrays consisting of a large number of sensor elements and limited training sample support.


"An Analytical Study of the Administration of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion in Selected Pharmaceutical Companies" INTRODUCTION The world pharmaceutical market is estimated to be around US$ 317 billion. The Indian pharmaceutical industry represents barely more than 1% of this market in value terms, i.e. around Rs. 414 billions. The pharmaceutical sector has transformed a great deal over the past few decades. The top five companies, which were vibrant 20 years ago, are hardly so anymore. Glaxo, Sarabhai, Pfizer, and Hoechst, which were leaders, in 1980s, are not even in the top five. The pharmaceutical sector, once the domain of multinational companies, is now being led by professionally managed Indian companies. The downfall of many erstwhile pharmaceutical leaders can be attributed to their rigid marketing practices. Pharmaceutical promotion and marketing expenditure averages 20-30% of sales turnover, which is about two to three times the expenditure on research and development. This expenditure is mainly directed at changing the prescribing behaviour of physicians. Personal selling is the most widely employed method in pharmaceutical marketing the world over. Although a very costly method of promotion, it is most effective in generating prescriptions. The essence of every business is marketing, and the essence of pharmaceutical marketing is prescription generation. Marketers believe that the prescription decision is a combination of rational and emotional processes. A physician objectively evaluates all the alternative therapies and matches his needs with the need satisfying capabilities of the medicinal products and makes his choice accordingly.


In this thesis we investigate new methods to deal with the pol ysemy and word mismatch problems in information retrieval (IR). We tackle polysemy by using 'document-contexts', which are text windows centred on query terms in a document. Analysis of the words in the vicinity of a query term can identify its specific meaning in the context. In IR, ma ny of the commonly used term weights are variants of the TF-IDF form. The tradit ion TF-IDF weight of a term depends only on the occurrence statistics of the term i tself. We have studied a novel 'context-dependent' term weight, which incorporate s information based on the words found in the document-contexts of a term. These term we ights are generated by a Boost and Discount (B&D) procedure, which utilizes any rel evance information that is available to estimate the probability of relevance o f a context. Such relevance information may come from actual relevance judgments that a user makes on a (small) number of documents, as in 'relevance feedback' (RF). The the oretical justification of our scheme to calculate the new term weights is provided by a probabilistic nonrelevance decision model of IR. We present experiments in the RF setting to test the context-dependent term weights. We demonstrate that using the new term weights can yield statistically significant improvement in retrieval c ompared with the traditional weights. Regarding the word mismatch problem, one plausible solution is to use clustering techniques. A traditional clustering evaluation measure u sed in IR is the MK1, which is a score calculated for the single 'optimal cluster' that c an be extracted from the clustering result. MK1 is appropriate if a single retrieved clus ter is desired. However, in some applications it may be desirable for the retrieval resu lts to be presented in multiple clusters according to sub-topics. For this case, we in troduce a new evaluation measure, called CS, which corresponds to finding an optimal co mbination of clusters. We define a sub-class of CS, called CS1, applicable when the clus ters are disjoint. By reformulating the optimization to a 0-1 linear fractional programming problem, we


The present invention provides an N-type organic semiconductor material, a linear multi-ring aromatic dicarboxylic imide derivative. Multi-aromatic ring skeleton having the linear π-π intermolecular forces, molecules can stack neatly. The substituents on the imide nitrogen atom has the same effect. The above materials can increase the rate of electron mobility, including application as a channel region of the gate structure, the organic light emitting diode electron transporting layer, or an organic N-type solar cell material.


News,affected by great social changes,has undergone great changes in thinking and re-porting modes during the transitional period.The thinking mode,free from the conventional one,takes on a brand new look by altering the news feature from political propaganda to information dissemination,and highlights its specialty and professional traits.The news contents are usually human-oriented,apt to con-cern more about the life of ordinary people than political affairs.The news connotation,being practical and profound,tends to be analytical and constructive rather than comprehensive and judgmental.The news items are reported in more dynamic and vivid ways instead of abstract and formulaic ways.


In this paper, we propose a regression system to infer the emotion intensity of a tweet. We develop a multi-aspect feature learning mechanism to capture the most discriminative semantic features of a tweet as well as the emotion information conveyed by each word in it. We combine six types of feature groups: (1) a tweet representation learned by an LSTM deep neural network on the training data, (2) a tweet representation learned by an LSTM network on a large corpus of tweets that contain emotion words (a distant supervision corpus), (3) word embeddings trained on the distant supervision corpus and averaged over all words in a tweet, (4) word and character n-grams, (5) features derived from various sentiment and emotion lexicons, and (6) other hand-crafted features. As part of the word embedding training, we also learn the distributed representations of multi-word expressions (MWEs) and negated forms of words. An SVR regressor is then trained over the full set of features. We evaluate the effectiveness of our ensemble feature sets on the SemEval-2018 Task 1 datasets and achieve a Pearson correlation of 72% on the task of tweet emotion intensity prediction.


The authors explain the purpose and context for the 2009 International Symposium on Economic Education that was the source for articles on four nations with relatively developed systems for economic education: Australia, England, Japan, and Korea. The authors highlight several key comparisons from the four articles that appear in this Journal of Economic Education issue.


This work presents the first lattice-QCD calculation of the twist-3 axial quark GPDs for the proton using the large-momentum effective theory approach. We calculate matrix elements with momentum-boosted proton states and a non-local axial operator. The calculation is performed using one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term. The ensemble has a volume $32^3\times64$, lattice spacing 0.0934 fm, and corresponds to a pion mass of 260 MeV. The matrix elements are calculated for three values of the proton momentum, namely 0.83, 1.25, and 1.67 GeV. The light-cone GPDs are defined in the symmetric frame, which we implement here with a (negative) 4-momentum transfer squared of 0.69, 1.38, and 2.76 GeV$^2$, all at zero skewness. We also conduct several consistency checks, including assessing the local limit of the twist-3 GPDs and examining the Burkhardt-Cottingham-type as well as Efremov-Teryaev-Leader-type sum rules.


Simulation work centered on double patterning processes often assumes that the problem can be approximated by considering the summation of two simple planar simulations which exhibit no interaction. Although previous work has shown that this assumption seems reasonable for interleaved line or trench patterns, it is less clear how valid it is for stitching areas where features in the two passes deliberately overlap and impinge upon each other. This work uses rigorous optical and physical resist models to study the validity of the planar summation approximation for stitching areas in a representative LELE (Litho-Etch-Litho-Etch) double line-based front end poly-silicon level process and a LELE double trench based back-end metal level process. The results suggest that the approximation holds well for back-end processes employing metal nitride type hardmask materials (which typically exhibit BARC-like optical properties). However significant deviations in behavior are observed for the poly-silicon level process suggesting that the approximation should be used with more caution on front-end processes utilizing transparent or reflective hardmask materials. It is apparent that the optical constants of both the hardmask and BARC , in addition to the tone of the double patterned feature, contribute to deviations from the approximation. Thus it is important to determine the approximation's validity on a process by process basis.


The Ekofisk reservoir is a high porosity, low matrix permeability naturally fractured chalk with extremely complex structure and reservoir distribution. To facilitate reservoir management decisions, a 3-D reservoir fluid flow model is used as a tool to determine optimum well placement and predict future performance. A major multi-disciplinary reservoir characterization effort has been in progress on the Ekofisk Field. The objective of the project was to improve the existing reservoir description using all available data, and to construct and history match a new 3-D flow model using this updated, detailed reservoir description. Because of the impact heterogeneity has on preferential fluid flow direction, significant attention has been given to capturing as much of the intrinsic heterogeneity as possible, both laterally and vertically, in the new 3-D geological model. In the upscaling process to the fluid flow model, therefore, preservation of this heterogeneity is critical. Standard upscaling techniques based on simple averages of permeability may not suffice; for this reason an alternative approach was employed, a technique based on fluid flow, ordlux, within the geological model. Flux-corrected upscaling uses simplified flow simulations for calculating effective properties of complex, three-dimensional reservoir models and addresses several of the drawbacks of standard methods. The method imbeds information on the most important factors affecting recovery efficiency; reservoir architecture and heterogeneity, well placements and constraints, and aquifer location and extent. Comparisons between the geological and fluid flow models show that the intrinsic heterogeneity of the transmissibility is preserved in the upscaling process.


Group Support Systems (GSS) are increasingly present in different organizational configurations. One way to stimulate sustained use of a GSS is to consciously design recurring processes that support mission critical tasks. Based on this notion the first two phases of a crisis response process in one of the main harbors in the world were modeled and redefined in terms of thinkLets. This delivered a process design that was supported by a GSS. The aim of the project was to design and execute the situational awareness phase in a distributed fashion and to do it faster and more effective than the current same-time same-place process.


Open-cast coal mining is one of the most often-debated industries in the world. Due to the significant environmental and health issues it causes, many of these sites have been reclaimed over the years, and many scientific publications and research has followed. In this paper, we have tried to assess the trends in recent research performed on reclaimed coal mining sites (RMS) by analyzing the publications visible on Web of Science (WoS) between 2015 and 2020 and dividing the research into six categories. The results show that there is a trend of rapid increase in research that deals with carbon and its pooling, nutrients, vegetation, and microbiology, and a significant decline in research on RMS soil physical properties, whereas other categories have shown an increasing but relatively steady trend. The application of modern technologies is also discussed. China, the USA, and India are the countries that quantitatively take the lead in coal RMS research, with India slowly overtaking the US in more recent years.


A compact hybrid tune-all bandpass filter based on coupled slow-wave resonators is demonstrated. The performance of such a filter electronically tuned with commercially available low-cost semiconductor varactors is promising in terms of center-frequency (f/sub c/) and bandwidth wide continuous tunings. Indeed, the -3 dB bandwidth of this filter can be tuned between /spl sim/50 MHz and /spl sim/78 MHz for a /spl plusmn/ 18%-center-frequency tuning around 0.7 GHz, an insertion loss smaller than 5 dB and a return loss higher than 13 dB at the center frequency. Moreover, for a /spl sim/50 MHz fixed bandwidth, the center frequency can be tuned between 0.51 GHz and 0.81 GHz leading to a relative /spl plusmn/ 24%-center-frequency tuning. Finally, the total physical length of the prototype filter is about 0.27/spl lambda//sub c/ for a 0.7 GHz center frequency.


In the past, a prediction equation based on the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) is derived to calculate genomic breeding values (GEBV). However, the genome is very complex; a function could not reflect the relation between markers and phenotypes. Unlike the methods of regression, artificial neural networks (ANNs) could perform well for optimization in complex non-linear systems, however, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have not been used to calculate genomic breeding values (CEBV).In this paper, back-propagation neural network is used to predict the genomic breeding values (GEBV) or polygenic genotype value, and the different learning rate and hidden neurons number were used to discuss the influencing of the learning rate on estimating the polygenic genotype value. The result showed artificial neural networks could gather knowledge by detecting the relations between molecular marker polymorphism and phenotype value, and could predict the animal polygenic genotype value or breeding values as well as the molecular marker genotype being given. Training speed, prediction accuracy and stability could be improved along with enlargement of number of hidden neurons. The learning rate could not affect the prediction accuracy, and could almost affect the training speed. The training process was quite sensitive to the number of hidden neurons, even a hidden neurons change could lead to conspicuously training time prolong. It was necessary to have an applicable number of hidden neurons for predicting polygenic genotype value.


A new lattice model of traffic flow is proposed by considering the information of front multiple sites with relative current. The linear stability condition is obtained by using the linear stability theory. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed model is consistent with the theoretical analysis.


The article mentioned below presents a review of the scientific literature on the theme «systematic approach in the sphere of management». The attempt to present a process of labor stimulating as element of the stuff management system from the systematic approach point of view is made.


This paper studied optimization diameter of pipe. Diameter of pipe was due to fresh water network system. Location of study was at Turen District, Malang Regency, and Indonesia. The methodology consisted of optimization using genetic algorithm so that was got average rest of pressure. Results could be used as consideration to optimize service of fresh water use.


Since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, conflict has dominated international relations in the Middle East. The influx of Israeli citizens displaced the former Palestinian landowners and created a conflict known to the world as the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. While popular discourse in the media and literature attribute the conflict to land and oil, this study looks at another essential resource that is largely overlooked in Middle Eastern studies. Access to fresh water has effectively perpetuated conflict in the Middle East between Israel and its Arab neighbors and continues to provide a source of discontent to this day. This study argues that Israeli water politics in the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza has essentially left the Palestinians without adequate access or capacity to acquire sufficient fresh water resources. Acting within a theatre of realist aspirations based on state survival and neglect of international law, the Israeli government effectively has created inequality and instability within the Occupied Territories. By continuing its neglect of the "Palestinian problem" and their rights to adequate water provisions, the government is competently "damming" the peace process and thus hindering future efforts towards lasting peace and stability in the region.


For our study of the effect of low energy laser irradiation (LELI) on living tissue we used HeNe laser on rats. The exponential absorption was reaffirmed in the living tissues overlying the sciatic nerve.


an important problem being discussed. Moving from the conception that Allah the strenght should be fair, Mu'tezile primes of human beings whereas the Sunna convention emphasizes the power of Allah overarching everything. The way of rationalizing the Koranic verses by Mu'tezilah and Ehl-i Sunnah can also be seen within the context of this distinct reading approach. In this context, both Mu'tezilah and Ehl-i Sunnah see no drawbacks to put into the center the context which they consider to be closer to their thought systems, as well as commenting the other verses accordingly.


Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, occurs in young adults. It presents with vague symptoms and diagnosed by imaging and biopsy. The treatment is surgery. We report a case of 15 years old male patient who was diagnosed with (FL-HCC) and treated with surgical resection.


The residual carrier concentration of GaSb and GaSb‐lattice matched Ga1−xInxAsySb1−y alloys (x = 0.12–0.26; y = 0.9x) grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was studied as a function of growth temperature, V/III ratio and alloy composition. Typical carrier concentrations p ∼ 2–3×1016 cm−3 were obtained for undoped GaSb grown by MBE at 480°C, by LPE from Ga‐rich melt at low temperature (400°C), and by LPE from Sb‐rich melts at ∼600°C. The native acceptor defect responsible of the high p‐type residual doping in GaSb is reduced when the indium concentration is increased, and disappears for indium rich alloys (x = 0.23, 0.26). Tellurium compensation was used for controlled n‐type doping in the (0.05–30)×1017 cm−3 range. A maximum of free carrier concentration was 1.5×1018 cm−3 for LPE layers, 2×1018 cm−3 for MBE layers grown at 1.0 μm/h, 3.5×1018 cm−3 for MBE layers grown at 0.2 μm/h. SIMS measurements showed Te concentrations of more than 1020 at/cm3, suggesting the formation of...


For solving the slab location decision problem with hybrid stowage,a slab location model using a membership function was built to express the level of matching on the related attributes of length,width and thickness between the storing slabs and stored slabs in a warehouse.According to the characteristics of the problem,a hybrid discrete particle swarm algorithm,called DPSO-MC,was proposed based on crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms.Experimental results on a real case of a steel plant demonstrate that the model and algorithm are feasible and effective.


This article revisits the Trinity University and Hawthorne School partnership since the first case study written 10 years ago. This new perspective analyzes the teacher education program-particularly beliefs and attitudes about it and changes made to the program-with an eye to two primary themes: preparing future teachers and Hawthorne's Core Knowledge curriculum. To gain a varied insight, the second author, Felicia Frazee, a current Trinity teacher education candidate, surveyed and interviewed Hawthorne teachers. Ten years ago, Felicia and I visited Hawthorne together; next year, she plans to be an intern at Hawthorne. To better understand our latest visit, we provide a brief summary of the original essay, Hawthorne Elementary School: The University Perspective (Frazee, 1996), to compare the previous program description to the current program description discussed here.


Objective: To compare the use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth and 2% liquid chlorhexidine gluconate in the preoperative skin preparation to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing clean-contaminated elective surgeries. Methods: Parallel, single-blind, pilot study of the randomized clinical trial (RCT), composed by forty-eight patients underwent clean-contaminated elective surgeries were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=25, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth) and the control group (n=23, pre-operative bathing with 2% liquid chlorhexidine gluconate). The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 30 days after surgery. The patients were instructed to use the products at the night before and at the morning of surgery and received verbal and written instruction on their use. The tests Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Two Sample t-test, Pearson X² and Fisher's exact tests, risk relative (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. The level of significance for all variables was set at α = 5%. Results: 48 patients analyzed, eight (16.7%) developed a surgical site infection. There


A country that excels in the arts is considered a civilized country. The arts created in a country play an important role in determining the cultural development of a country. Ancient Tamils have been interested in art since ancient times. They have cultivated fine arts such as music, dance, painting, sculpture and architecture. Drama is one of the arts thus nurtured. Although references to the play are found in the Sangam literature, references to their performances are scarce. On this basis it cannot be dared that the play did not take place in the Sangam period. Evidence of sporadic performance can be seen. Theatrical arrangement, lighting and curtains are a perfect complement to the plays performed in the form of koothu during the Sangam period. This article seeks to explore the concepts behind these.


The activity of BAY v 3522 was tested against over 500 clinical bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cephalexin, and/or ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and metronidazole. BAY v 3522 activity against staphylococci and streptococci equaled or exceeded those of the other agents. BAY v 3522 exhibited no significant advantage over cefaclor, cefuroxime, or cephalexin against gram-negative bacilli.


The Ahmed body is an academic test-case meant to reproduce a wide range of the flow features encountered in automotive aerodynamics. The present work relies on high resolution Automated Stereo-PIV to clarify the structure and dynamics of the longitudinal vortices at high Reynolds number. The vortex core undergoes a sharp decay of streamwise velocity in the near wake which suggests possible occurrence of vortex breakdown. Confirmation comes from the sign switch of the azimuthal vorticity in the longitudinal plane intersecting the vortex core. The location of the sign switch seems strongly correlated to the modification of streamwise velocity.


in the first article, we presented a review on the Cepheid PL relation as a tool for measuring distances, and showed the sensitivity of the method to metallicity. Accounting for it brings the recent differing estimates of H-0 into agreement. (C) Academie des Sciences/Elsevier, Paris.


Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, can be grown in vitro in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK II) and modified Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK H) growth media. Two growth media, BSK II and BSK H, were compared with respect to their ability to support the growth of three Borrelia isolates: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto CA4, B. bissettii sp. nov. CA389, and B. corieaceae CA435. The growth kinetics of high-passage (P10) and low-passage (P7) B. bissettii CA389 isolates were compared to determine if adaptation to cultural media facilitates faster growth of the isolates. In addition, effects of gelatin on the bacterial growth were studied. All isolates tested grew significantly faster and appeared healthier in BSK H media. The replication rate of B. bissettii correlated with the number of passages in the cultural media. The results of this study also suggested that gelatin inhibits growth of B. burgdorferi CA4 and B. bissettii CA389 in BSK H and BSK II media and has no significant effect on the growth rate of B. corieaceae CA435 in BSK H. Introduction With human population expansion and encroachment into wildlife habitats, people have entered a dangerous enzootic cycle causing them to become frequent accidental hosts for ticks and the disease agents they carry, including the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease (Daszak et al. 2000). Consequently, Lyme borreliosis has become the most frequently reported arthropod-born human infection in Europe and North America (Stanek et al. 1993). As of 1995, cases of Lyme disease had been reported in 48 of the 50 states and appear to be increasing, both in number of people affected and in geographic distribution, Figure 1 (Ostfeld 1997). Lyme disease is transmitted by several tick species and caused by spirochetes from the general taxon Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Postic et al. 1998). At least three genospecies including, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii are known to be associated with human disease in Europe (Baranton et al. 1992). In the United States B. burgdorferi sensu stricto has been the only genospecie known to cause Lyme borreliosis in the past; however, recent studies have shown substantial heterogeneity among Californian and other Northern American isolates (Mathiesen et al. 1997). Figure 1. Lyme disease prevalence, United States, 1998 (CDC 1999). Using the nucleotide sequence analysis of ribosomal gene from 19 atypical strains isolated in the US, Postic et al. (1998) identified a new specie, B. bissettii sp. nov., and a cluster of other related but distinct strains, which require further characterization (e.g. the disease status of these isolates is unknown). Borrelia corieaceae isolate, is an example of an uncharacterized strain, that was isolated from the Ornithodoros corieaceaous tick and may be more closely related to the relapsing-fever pathogen than Lyme disease spirochetes. The ability to isolate and culture the etiological agent of Lyme disease is essential in both research and clinical environments. For instance, the ability to produce a viable culture of B. burgdorferi in vitro has facilitated production of spirochetes' antigens, which allow detection of Lyme pathogens in clinical specimens (Steere et al. 1983). In addition, isolation of the pathogen from infected animals and ticks has been effective for defining endemic Lyme disease areas (Anderson et al. 1985 and 1989; Callister 1988). Attempts to culture Borrelia go back to the early 20 century, when Kligler and Robertson (1922) defined the conditions for maintenance and growth of the relapsing fever pathogen in derivatives of Noguchi's medium. Today, variations of the complex BarbourStoenner-Kelly (BSK) growth media are traditionally used for in vitro cultivation of Borrelia spirochetes (Barbour 1984, Norris et al. 1997, Picken et al. 1997). BSK II and standardized BSK H are two media of interest in the following study (Barbour 1984, Pollack et al. 1993). Since BSK II medium is not available commercially, it must be prepared in the individual laboratories from several components. Consequently, batch variations in media can influence growth kinetics, morphology, and antigenic characteristics of Lyme disease spirochetes (Callister et al. 1990). The latter medium, BSK H, was developed in order to create a source of readily available standardized medium. Table 1 describes the specific differences in the formulation of two media. Although both BSK II and BSK H media are routinely used to grow B. burgdorferi in vitro, each medium shows some selectivity for specific isolates (Kleinjan 1999, pers. comm.). The purpose of this study was to compare two growth media, BSK II and BSK H, based on their ability to support the growth of three Borrelia isolates: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bissettii sp. nov., and B. corieaceae isolate; and to compare the growth kinetics of high-passage (P10) and low-passage (P7) B. bissettii CA389 isolates in order to evaluate if adaptation to cultural media facilitates faster growth in the isolates. In addition, the effects of increased media viscosity on bacterial growth, via addition of gelatin to the media, were studied. BSK H* BSK II (CMRL) Ingredient mg Ingredients mg Arginine............................... 57 Arginine.............................. 70 Citric acid (tetrasodium).......... 700 Sodium citrate...................... 800 2'-Deoxycytidine-HCL............. 11.6 2'-Deoxycytidine.................... 10 Flavin adenine dinucleotide...... 0.106 Gelatin................................. 0 Flavin adenine dinucleotide..... 1.0 Gelatin................................ 14000 Magnesium Sulfate................ 97.69 Magnesium Sulfate................ 200 Sodium Acetate..................... 50 Sodium Acetate..................... 83 Sodium Glucaronate................ 3.88 Sodium Glucaronate............... 4.2 Sodium Phosphate monobasic.. 122 Sodium Phosphate monobasic.. 140 * BSK H contains endotoxin-tested tissue culture grade water Table 1. Comparison of ingredients that differ between BSK H and BSK II media. Materials and Methods Bacterial strains and Growth Kinetics The designations, passage levels, and origins of the Borrelia strains used in this study are given in Table 2. In order to evaluate the growth supporting capabilities of BSK II and BSK H media, four replicate cultures of each Borrelia isolates were set up in both media and incubated for ten days. To culture the spirochetes, 0.5ml of isolates in glycerol stock solution were added to 5 ml of each medium in a sterile culture tube and sealed to maintain the gas balance. The tubes were incubated in the dark at 34° C. The spirochetes were sampled a total of five times, once every other day, during the ten-day incubation period. Each sample was taken aseptically by removing 0.025 ml of medium with a sterile pipette. Initial density of spirochetes within the glycerol stock solution and the number of organisms per milliliter of growth media was determined using Petroff-Hausser counting chamber. Briefly, a drop of the sample was placed on the counting chamber (Kleinjan 1999, pers. comm.). The slide was left undisturbed for five minutes to allow the spirochetes to settle. After that time it was examined at 400X using dark field microscopy (DMF); the number of organisms within five clearly marked squares were counted and used to calculate the number of the spirochetes per milliliter of media. Genospecie Strain No. of passages Source and geographic location in the U.S. B. burgdorferi CA4 6 I. pacificus nymph / Cloverdale, CA B. bissettii CA389 7 I. pacificus nymph / Tilden Park, CA CA389 10 I. pacificus nymph / Tilden Park, CA B. coriaceae CA435 6 O. corieaceous adult / Hopland, CA Table 2. Spirochetes used to evaluate media Gelatin Experiment In order to determine an optimal gelatin concentration for the growth of Borrelia strains, the growth kinetics of the bacteria was evaluated at different gelatin concentrations using BSK II and BSK H as the basic media. Two concentrations of the thickening agent (14 g/L and 7g/L) were tested with B. burgdorferi CA4-p6, B. bissettii CA389-p7, and B. corieaceae CA435-p6. Four replicates of each culture were run for 8 days, along with the controls lacking in gelatin. The number of organisms was counted on days 4 and 8 of the incubation period with a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber according to procedures described above. Statistical analysis Mean bacterial counts were calculated based on four replicate cultures. Student's t-test was used to determine whether growth of each strain examined is significantly different (α<.05) when cultured on BSK II and BSK H. Results In vitro growth of B. burdorferi CA4 Comparison of B. burgdorferi growth curves in BSK H and BSK II media indicates that BSK H has superior growth supporting capabilities (Fig. 2a). Based on criteria such as coiling and degree of motility, the spirochetes appeared healthier and grew significantly faster in BSK H media (p≤0.0001). Starting from an initial concentration of about 2x10/ml, B. burgdorferi CA4 grew steadily to cell densities of about 3x10/ml in BSK H. In contrast, B. burgdorferi CA4 growth curve in BSK II media shows a decline in total cell population between each sampling instance with final cell yield less than 10 cells/ml. To determine whether or not increased viscosity aids the growth of spirochetes, gelatin was added to the BSK H and BSK II media to standardized final gelatin concentration of 7g/ml and 14g/ml. Cultivation of B. burdorferi in BSK H media resulted in comparable growth at both concentration levels (Fig. 3a). However, in the case of control (no gelatin), the


This article employs ASP technique to solve the algorithm of bubblesort in data structure. With the use of Javascript language to control the input by the user, a whole of programs are developed to sort a group of data. At the same time, the agreeableness of the interface for data input is improved a lot and the error control for user's input is strengthened much.


Carex crawfordii Fern., found in 1926 as an alien near Veghel, prov. Noord-Brabant, was now met with on the stony slope of a new dike of Oost-Flevoland polder between Harderwijk and Lelystad.


This degree work contains the design of a compact water purification system for Granja La Fortaleza, located in the municipality of Melgar - Tolima. The system is developed in a single module integrating the processes of coagulation - flocculation and sedimentation, followed by filtration and disinfection processes. It was sized considering the parameters required by the RAS 2000 Title C and Resolution 2115 of 2007 regarding the quality of drinking water. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine some design parameters and ensure the quality of treated water. The results indicate that the raw water drawn from artesian well, is suitable for drinking, also, that the construction of compact system is feasible in terms of volume occupied and operating costs required.


Abstract In a fundamental paper in 1984, Vaughan Jones developed his new polynomial invariant of knots using a Markov trace on the Temperley–Lieb algebra. Subsequently, Lickorish used the associated bilinear pairing to provided an alternative proof for the existence of the 3-manifold invariants of Witten, Reshetinkin and Turaev. A key property of this form is the non-degeneracy of this form except at the parameter values ±2cos(π/(n+1)) [7]. Ko and Smolinsky derived a recursive formula for the determinants of specific minors of Markov's form, establishing the needed non-degeneracy [6]. In this paper, we define a triangular change of basis in which the form is diagonal and explicitly compute the diagonal entries of this matrix as products of quotients of Chebyshev polynomials, corroborating the determinant computation of Ko and Smolinsky. The method of proof employs a recursive method for defining the required orthogonal basis elements in the Temperley–Lieb algebra, similar in spirit to Jones' and Wenzl's recursive formula for a family of projectors in the Temperley–Lieb algebra. We define a partial order on the non-crossing chord diagram basis and give an explicit formula for a recursive construction of an orthogonal basis, via a recursion over this partial order. Finally we relate this orthogonal basis to bases constructed using the calculus of trivalent graphs developed by Kauffman and Lins [5].


EAHI. HAHl"ES, r.clan.l StauturdJuuior Uulveref ty, Ill'p't of Educatton. I have read Miss Aiken's book ou" Mind 'I'raining," and should think th'e fa~ts stated ought to establish heritheory. 1 am so much impressed with her method as being along the line of the laws of mental growth, that I find myself commending t.he work to every teacher I meet, I could wish it. a law that every school should have a few moments daily devoted to such mental gymuastics as lIIiss Aiken's pupils practice; for the ]ll'llagogieal idealists believe there i,< a royal road to learning that is to be made a publie highway. SAUA E, 'YII.TSE, Ilostou.


This article is intended to a refinement and a generalization of the paper [Ki05]. We shall investigate the (biregular) structures of affine algebraic threefolds X from a point of view of 3-dimensional Log Minimal Model Program (LMMP)3. For this purpose, we need to take a compactification X ↪→ (V, D) and perform (LMMP)3, which starts with the dlt pair (V, D), describing how the inside affine part X changes via the process of (LMMP)3. We succeed in this attempt in the case where the linear system |D| contains a Du Val member.


This letter proposes a novel warping-based method for the content-driven retargeting of stereoscopic images. Conventional algorithms in single image retargeting generally do not consider the scene depth saliency and disparity consistency when applied independently to left and right images . Therefore, the salient region and stereoscopic correlation of independently retargeted images can become corrupted. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm retains the stereo consistency of the retargeted images by matching the vertices of the grid and preserving the correspondence between them. Vertex disparity is propagated by a GPU interpolation to construct a sparse disparity map. To improve the capability of preserving visually important regions, the sparse disparity is used in conjunction with the image gradient in a saliency map computation. The experimental results show that the proposed method retains the correct disparity, while the salient objects remain undistorted in the retargeted stereoscopic image pairs.


Review(s) of: Wayfinding leadership: Ground breaking wisdom for developing leaders, by Chellie Spiller, Hoturoa Barclay-Kerr and John Panoho (2015), Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Publishers, ISBN 978-1-77550-211-1, 266pp.


Continuing to increase aggregate demand,promoting arrangement of market system and enhancing employment level are the important basis of pushing China's economy into steady growth. Three years ago,we came up with active fiscal policy with expanding domestic demand as its major tool,which was an inevitable choice in the light of domestic and international situation of that time. Today,however,we should transfer to the policy which stresses both domestic and external demand. Presently,only on the condition that we further expand aggregate demand and push market reform,can we essentially adjust industrial structure,increase empolyment,enhance efficiency,and make Chinese economy move onto the track of steady growth.


Abstract Name : Novi Andriani Student No. : 0606102050076 Study Program : English Title : The Use of Role Play in Teaching Students' Speaking Skill __________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Role Play, Speaking Skill This research invetigates the use of role play in teaching students' speaking skill. The problem of this study is: Can role play demonstrate its effectiveness in improving students' speaking skill?The objective of this study is to explore some theories, statements or research findings which would be useful for improving teachers' ability in teaching speaking which then leads to the improvement of the students' skill of speaking through the use of role play in teaching speaking skill to the students of junior high school. The researcher uses the library research method to conduct this study. The literature suggest that role play can be used in teaching English especially in teaching speaking to give solution for the students who get problem in speaking, especially in expressing the idea. It has the process to construct students' comprehension in speaking such as; listening to other friends and giving the respons as the interation in playing the role play. It alsocan be used in teaching speaking skill to students. In learning speaking, they still have many problems in developing their skills, which is usually considered as difficult skills among others.


Scattering theory is a framework from within which a range of inversion methods suited to the time-lapse/4D seismic reflection problem may be derived. A consistently posed linear inverse scattering treatment of time-lapse difference data, for instance, provides a framework both for deriving algorithms for imaging of regions of 4D structural change, and for explaining their behavior. Amongst the many implementations of linearized inverse scattering that could in principle be applied to difference data, a recent least-squares, shot-profile methodology provides the additional wherewithal to regularize the imaging problem, which may be a useful property when coping with the various repeatability issues particular to 4D. Synthetic testing demonstrates the use of difference data, under a small 4D change/small contrast assumption, to determine regions of time-lapse variation.


The article identifies the problem of self-actualization of higher education
students with special educational needs and identifies conditions for effective
support of self-actualization of their personality: the use of interactive and
innovative teaching methods, inclusion of adaptive disciplines-modules in
educational programs, success situations, inclusiveness, congruence
optimism, activity, subjectivity.
Key words: higher education, educational environment, inclusive
educational space, self-actualization.


The paper discuss the effect from the parameters of the electrical motor. Using the means of testing at site, calculating the load factor, power factor, and finding the economical work character. It proves that choosing the running mode, the type of the motor and the power matching reasonably, we can make the electric motor run economical.


The concept of self is explored from the perspective of systems theory and cybernetics. Using ideas as components, it is suggested that the self, like the family, is a legitimate autonomous system; i.e., a unity with organization and structure that functions in a manner that is always self-referential. The concepts of organizational closure and structural coupling (taken from Maturana and Varela) are employed to describe how the self and the family represent non-intersecting systems that nevertheless have a tremendous amount of mutual influence. Finally, implications of this distinction are discussed relative to treatment concerns.


This paper describes results from the first integrated analysis of the feasibility of a retro-reflector (RR) installed in the ITER vacuum vessel. We have carried out thermal and structural analyses of a passively-cooled RR and a terrace retro-reflector array (TERRA) using heat load conditions expected in ITER. In the case of the RR, the maximum temperature is approximately 620°C, and flatness of the deformed mirror surface of the RR is approximately 80 µm. Although maximal displacement of the mirror surface is large, 69% of the incident-laser power returns to the diagnostic room (89.9% returns when the RR is not deformed), phase disturbance is π/4 and the rotation angle of the polarization plane is less than 0.06°. On the other hand, the maximum temperature of TERRA is approximately 350°C, and flatness of the deformed mirror surface is less than 10 µm. The flatness of the mirror surface of a deformed TERRA is much smaller compared to the laser wavelength (118 µm), but the global shape curves in a manner which disrupts the coherent phase of laser light. The curvature radius of TERRA is 21 m, and 49% of the incident-laser power returns to the diagnostic room (88.6% returns when TERRA is flat), phase disturbance is π/5 and the rotation angle of the polarization plane is less than 0.06°. Since the optimized incident angles of a flat and curved TERRA are different, real-time feedback control of the incident angle is necessary for applying TERRA to the ITER poloidal polarimeter.


Nowadays, performance of data mining is depends on the data and data mining functions. Various problems occur due to duplication and error in the data and it affect the mining quality. The main objective of this paper is to improve the quality of the database for any kind of DBMS where it increases the performance of data mining operations. Earlier approaches discussed in the literature surveyed to provide solution for anomaly detection and error correction in a DBMS. In this paper data duplication is to find and remove using the TPR-[True Positive Ratio], Error in data is to find and rectify using the FNR – [False Negative Ratio] obtained from Mahalanobis Distance Method.


Twenty-four young men were exposed to hypoxia (simulated altitude: 3、4、5、6 km), heat (25、30、 35、40℃), vibration (0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、peak g, 40 Hz), and noise (85、90、95、100 dBA). Orthogonal block design was employed to assign combined stresses to each of the 144 tests. Measurements were made of respiration, circulation, EEG, performance, auditory temporary threshold shift (TTS), body temperature, symptoms and signs. Evaluation values of the parameters and measurements were computed by means of principal component anaiysis. Expert evaluation principle was introduced as one of the criteria for the classification of the state of each measurement (comfort, performance, safety and tolerable limit), which was carried out using statistical analysis in combination with the magnitude estimation of certain physiological reactions. The most serious state of measurements of every system was chosen as the somatic eigenstate in the test.


Abstract Changes in heart beat rates (HBR) of Brachidontes pharaonis (an invasive Lessepsian species) and Mytilaster minimus (a native Mediterranean species) in response to changes in salinity values from brackish (20) to extreme hyper-saline (75) were investigated both in situ and in the laboratory. The two species displayed different responses to varying salinity, with clear differences in HBR observed between groups investigated at different salinities and between groups originating from different environments. The native species, adapted to narrow salinity changes as those observed in the superficial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, showed signs of stress at salinities slightly above 37 (in the range 37–45). On the other hand, the invasive species displayed clear signs of stress only at salinities over 45 and exhibited heart activity even under hyper-saline conditions (i.e. salinity = 75). These results indicate that the Lessepsian species has the potential to invade most of the transitional environments across the entire Mediterranean basin. We therefore stress the need of including Brachidontes pharaonis in all coastal monitoring programmes assessing the actual and potential spreading of alien species in the Mediterranean region.


The healthcare sector is increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks due to its growing digitalization. Patient data, including medical records and financial information, are at risk, potentially leading to identity theft and patient safety concerns. The European Union and other organizations identify key areas for healthcare system improvement, yet the industry still grapples with inadequate security practices. In response, the HEIR project offers a comprehensive cybersecurity approach, promoting security features from various regulatory frameworks and introducing tools such as the Secure Healthcare Framework and Risk Assessment for Medical Applications (RAMA). These measures aim to enhance digital health security and protect sensitive patient data while facilitating secure data access and privacy-aware techniques. In a rapidly evolving threat landscape, HEIR presents a promising framework for healthcare cybersecurity.


The further development of Shangluo tourism brings the huge space for the development of the food industry.The necessity of translating Shangluo special food is discussed for the purpose of propagating Shangluo special food culture and from the characteristics of the local history,customs and culture of Shangluo special food.It is summed up for the practical feature of naming Shangluo special food;and subsequently,five useful translation ways for translating Shangluo special food is concluded according to the principles of Chinese to English translation and translation methods of Beijing Olympic receipts translation.Finally the translation of certain dishes of Shangluo local special food is presented for research.


This thesis does a theoretical research and on the relationship between social progress in all aspects and the all-round people's quality culmination, the over-all development of human being and personality development, acquisition of knowledge and fostering innovation,education in universities and primary, secondary schools.


Basic inverse problems for identification of memory kernels in linear heat conduction and viscoelasticity in the infinite time interval (0,∞) are treated by Laplace transform method in coupling with Fourier's method for the direct initial-boundary value problem of the corresponding integro-differential equation. Under suitable assumptions on the data existence and uniqueness of the memory kernel are shown.


During the 58 years since Muhlens and Hartmann (1906) first reported the cultivation of anaerobic Treponemataceae in vitro, little has been accomplished in classifying these organisms other than by morphological description. A major obstacle to systematic classification has been the difficulty encountered in cultivating these organisms in general and as surface colonies in particular. Breed, Murray, and Smith (1957) list 38 species of Treponemataceae of which fifteen are said to have been cultivated in vitro. There are no descriptions of colony forms of any of the species. Gates (1923) first described the cultivation from broth culture of four strains or species as surface colonies on blood agar plates incubated in a Brown anaerobic jar. Gates also reported that subculture from surface colonies was not always successful. Other reports citing similar results are those of Fortner (1929), Aksjanzew-Malkin (1933), Wichelhausen and Wichelhausen (1942), and Berger (1958). Socransky, Macdonald, and Sawyer (1959) consistently obtained growth of oral treponemes as surface colonies only in cultures that were inoculated and incubated under strict anaerobic conditions but not in cultures inoculated at the bench under the normal atmospheric environment. It was concluded that exposure to atmospheric oxygen for the brief period required to inoculate the plates and subsequently to establish anaerobic conditions was detrimental to their growth as surface colonies. Hardy, Lee, and Nell (1963) reported that surface colonies were obtained on streak plates with fourteen treponemal strains and one Borrelia strain inoculated under normal atmospheric conditions. Anaerobic conditions were rapidly established after inoculation. They hypothesized that established stock strains had


A New Deflocculant and Protective Colloid for Barium Sulphate SIR,-For use as a radiographic contrast medium in the gastrointestinal tract barium sulphate is usually presented as a concentrated suspension containing 100 per cent w/v or more of barium sulphate, which may or may not be diluted before use. In water and in solutions of many hydrophilic colloids such concentrations produce preparations lacking in pourability and other characteristics which allow easy manipulation and administration. Satisfactory fluidity of concentrated suspensions may be achieved by deflocculating, and with barium sulphate it is well known that pastes can be made fluid by the addition of small quantities of suitable salts, for example, citrate. With the addition of suitable hydrocolloids, this procedure may allow the formation of concentrated suspensions satisfactory in flocculation, sedimentation rate and absence of claying on storage, but not necessarily satisfying other desirable criteria, such as easy dispersion in acid gastric juice containing mucin and absence of flocculation after dispersion in the gastric juice and during subsequent passage through the gut. With deflocculants like citrate used with the usual hydrocolloids to aid suspension, flocculation normally occurs immediately on pouring the suspension into an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium chloride solutions or into acid gastric juice. Flocculation and gross clumping of the suspension is even more apparent when gastric mucin is present. The efficiency of the preparation as an X-ray contrast medium will depend on the evenness and thickness of coverage afforded to the mucosa by the barium sulphate and the greater the flocculation which has occurred the less regular and less satisfactory the coverage is likely to be. The very low solution viscosity of the sulphated polysaccharide, degraded carrageenan (Ebimar, Evans Medical Ltd.) (Anderson, 1961) and its negative charge, and the electrochemical properties of barium sulphate in aqueous suspension, suggested that degraded carrageenan should function as a useful deflocculant and protective colloid for barium sulphate and allow desirable fluidity in concentrated suspension. A suspension containing a small quantity of degraded carrageenan (for example, barium sulphate : degraded carrageenan ratio, 100: 1) can be shown by microscopic and sedimentation volume methods not to flocculate on addition to dilute acid. Also, in conjunction with ghatti gum mucilage the degraded Carrageenan appears to be capable of protecting the particles of barium sulphate from the much more potent flocculating effects of human acid gastric juice containing mucin. Although degraded carrageenan reacts with mucoprotein under certain conditions, it is not yet clear to what extent other factors are involved in the mechanism of the enhanced resistance to flocculation of the barium sulphate particles, and this is being studied further. Preliminary studies indicate that these properties are shared by certain other polyanions. Studies of the effectiveness of suspensions of differing degrees of deflocculation in vitro by X-ray examination of the suspensions, in cells of narrow width (0.75 mm.) made from microscope cover glasses, have been unconvincing except where flocculation was so marked as to make complete coverage impossible. To evaluate fully such a deflocculating agent as degraded carrageenan appears to require clinical study as the preparation is of a complex nature and is involved in physiological conditions which are impossible to reproduce exactly in vitro. The Evans Medical Research Laboratories, Liverpool, 24. December 7, 1961.


A theory for the dispersive transport of carriers in the presence of an electric field for the quasi-one-dimensional systems has been developed. It is assumed that localized states are distributed randomly in both space and energy coordinates and that hopping of the carriers occurs in both coordinates. The exponential form of the density of states for band tails is considered. Expressions for the time-dependent demarcation energy and mobility are calculated. The theory predicts that the mobility has three power-law decay branches with exponents nm 1, mm 1 and mm m1. Here nand mare directly proportional to the temperature and electric field respectively. The first power law is associated with the multiple-trapping mechanism and is well known. The other two power laws are new findings of the present theory. The time-of-flight experiments for hydrogenated amorphous SiN x Si/hydrogenated amorphous multilayers can be understood by the present theory on the qualitative basis.


The introduction of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept and its biopsy have deeply changed the management of many cancers [1,2]. The SLN is defined as the first LN to which cancer cell are most likely to spread from a primary tumour; in cT1-T2 breast cancer patients, the axillary (Ax) SLN biopsy is now considered the standard of care for staging clinically node-negative patients [3]. The AxLNs are the main LN basin of the breast, hence the main determinant of the patient's LN status. However, the second lymphatic drainage basin of the tumour-bearing breast is represented by the internal mammary lymph nodes (IM LNs) and is often overlooked (if not ignored). Evaluation (imaging or operative) is not done routinely during the staging process in most breasts because the clinical importance of metastases in the IM LNs and their selective lymphadenectomy has been debated since the introduction of this technique. The aim of the present paper was to report the results from IMSLN biopsies and to review and discuss their impact on treatment and prognosis.


PURPOSE: To automatically guide a sliver to a sliver supply location to increase working efficiency, the sliver being manually guided in most cases even through a can is automatically exchanged by a can transporting vehicle. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus 16 traveling along a spinning position 1 of a spinning machine S is provided with a manipulator 28. The manipulator 28 takes up a silver leading end 14 on a can 12, guides it to a sliver supply location, opens the supply location 3, and blows the sliver leading end 14 into the open supply location.


The author discusses how and to what extent EU directives ensure the protec¬tion of migrants with disabilities and meet the standard of protection of the UN Convention on the rights of People with Disabilities


Large-mode-area all-silica holey fibers (HFs), which are specially designed with a limited number of air hole rings in cladding, are presented. Fibers with 2, 3, and 4 air hole rings were inspected, and the transmission losses and the demands for the single-mode waveguide operation in a series of the HF samples with different relative hole diameters d/Λ were analyzed. It has been found, in particular, that for the fibers there is an optimal ratio, d/ Λ =0.52±0.05, that provides a single-mode output for shorter HFs (a few meters long), and low transmission and bending losses for longer HFs (hundreds of meters long). The HFs developed were used for the fabrication of compact modal interferometers, which represent special tapers with gradually collapsed air holes in the taper waist. The gradual collapsing of the holes is achieved by tapering the fibers with a "slow-and-hof ' method (nonadiabatic process). As a result, at the excitation of the fundamental mode in the HF core, it couples to two high-order modes of the solid taper waist. Due to the beating between the modes, the transmission spectra of the taper exhibit several interference peaks that are shifted to a shorter or longer wavelength under the influence of various external parameters. The use of the HF tapers in different sensing devices for the measuring of refractive indexes of liquids, high temperature, strain, and hydrogen sensing is demonstrated.


The encapsulated coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) level is an important index in evaluating the quality of CoQ10 liposomes. This study demonstrates a simple method to release encapsulated CoQ10 from liposomal suspension using moderate amounts of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 to form mixed micelles containing phospholipids, Tween 80 and CoQ10. The encapsulated CoQ10 level was detected by means of Tween 80 solubilisation and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, in which 1 mL of the reducing agent NaBH4 (7 mg mL−1) was added. The proposed method had a good linear correlation with ethanol solubilisation and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and with ethanol solubilisation and UV spectrophotometry over a CoQ10 concentration range of 2.5–50 µg mL−1 (R2 > 0.999). The average recovery rate of CoQ10 from blank liposomes was estimated as 99.46 ± 1.54%. The difference in results between the organic solvent extraction method and the Tween 80 solubilisation method was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When the latter method was applied to determine the total and the encapsulated CoQ10 content quantitatively, the relative standard deviation was lower than 5%. Therefore this method has proved to be convenient, sensitive, accurate and reproducible compared with conventional RP-HPLC analysis and UV spectrophotometry with organic solvent extraction. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry


Public transit is an important component of the day-to-day activities of many people. It provides a cost-effective and convenient way for individuals to commute to work, school, and other destinations. Public transit bus is a vital mode of transportation for students, as it enables them to commute to and from their educational institutions. Delays in bus schedules can have severe consequences, such as missing exams, meetings, and other important engagements. Hence, in this paper, we present a visual knowledge discovery solution to mine public transit bus on-time performance data and visualize the mined results. In particular, visual representation (e.g., graphs, time plots) from our visual knowledge discovery process help reveal factors contributing to bus delays in different neighborhood areas. This helps the service providers to improve their services, and thus enhance rider experience. Evaluation on real-life data from a Canadian city shows the practicality of our solution.


Two competing concepts, field cancerization and micrometastatic lesions, have been postulated to account for the high frequency of second primary tumors and multicentric dysplasia in patients with head and neck carcinoma.


The global women's movement is an example of a successful transnational civil society movement that is a mechanism for the globalization of ideas, aided more recently by the Internet. Two UN conferences, the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995 in Beijing, advanced women's rights in China. The Beijing conference was a galvanizing event for the Chinese women's movement and a transformative experience for the All China Women's Federation (ACWF). The official UN meeting and NGO Forum provided opportunities for global interaction by the ACWF and NGOs working on women's rights. These connections transformed work on two issues affecting women's rights in China: the family planning program and domestic violence.


Objective To explore depth and width of esphagus carcinoma invasion.Methods Resection preparations and metastasis,lymphtic knobs were studied in 320 cases of thorax esphagus carcinoma from February 1994 to Octomber 1999.Results Under mucous membrane invading distance is 3.27cm,and carcinoma embolus spreading is 2.46cm.Multiple carcinoma is 10.9%.The longest distance between two foci is 7.40cm.Conclusion Esophagus carcinoma can invade whole thorax esophgus and abdominal lymphatic knobs,esophagectomy and mediastinal and abdominal lymph node elimination should be taken in thoracic esophagus cancer in order to eradicate cancer.


Abstract In many epidemiological and medical follow-up studies, a majority of study subjects do not experience the event of interest during the follow-up period. An important example is the ongoing prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer Screening trial of the National Cancer Institute. In such a situation, the widely used Gp family of weighted log-rank statistics essentially reduces to the special case of the (unweighted) log-rank statistics. We propose a simple modification to the Gp family that adapts to survival data with rare events, a concept that we formulate in terms of a small number of events at the study endpoint relative to the sample size. The usual asymptotic properties, including convergence in distribution of the standardized statistics to the standard normal, are obtained under the rare event formulation. Semiparametric transformation models forming sequences of contiguous alternatives are considered and, for each p, a specific such model is identified so that the corresponding modified Gp statistic is asymptotically efficient. Simulation studies show that the proposed statistics do behave differently from the original Gp statistics when the event rate during the study period is low and the former could lead to a substantial efficiency gain over the latter. Extensions to the Gp γ family and to the regression problem are also given.