Infusion of urea generated in cats a myoclonic syndrome reminiscent of the excitatory events of clinical uremia. The electrical concomitants of the clinical events were spikes and sharp wave discharges in the lower brain stem reticular formation mostly in nucleus gigantocellularis. Microelectrode recordings revealed that each "electroencephalographic spike" represented a 30 to 80 msec depolarization wave with a superimposed cluster of high frequency regenerative potentials, similar to the paroxysmal depolarization shifts described at the levels of neocortex and paleocortex. Intercollicular sections of the brain stem were without significant effect, but sections of the upper cervical cord or curare paralysis depressed the reticular paroxysmal activity. A reticulospinal loop probably represents the anatomofunctional basis of this paroxysmal activity. Urea specifically generates these phenomena since identical plasma osmolality induced by other hypertonic solutions did not produce them.


This book grew out of the 1997 Max Planck Workshop on Pointing Gestures, in Oud-Turnhout, Belgium, and includes contributions by many of the leading researchers in the development and use of pointing by humans. There are 13 chapters on pointing gestures which (despite some overlap) can be divided into several conceptual parts: an introduction and overview by the editor (Kita), Part 1 on the ontogeny and phylogeny of pointing (Butterworth, Povinelli et al., Masataka, Goldin-Meadow & Butcher), Part 2 on the ethnography of pointing (Kendon & Versante, Haviland, Wilkins), Part 3 on the semiotics of pointing (Goodwin, Clark), and Part 4 on the psycholinguistics of pointing (Engberg-Pedersen, McNeill, & Kita). On balance, this is an informative read with plenty of tension created by contrasting theoretical perspectives on the significance of pointing for understanding human cognition. Far from being the last word on pointing, this volume highlights both how little we really know about pointing and how extraordinarily


In 2000, the California accounting firm of Glenn Burdette was facing a crossroads. In the midst of a hiring drought, the firm was having trouble recruiting and retaining staff. Five of its nine shareholders were in their late 40s, and the prospect of buying out all of them simultaneously seemed daunting. The firm's principals began investigating consolidation and looked for opportunities to merge with another organization, knowing such a merger or a sale would forever change the culture the now 50-year-old firm had cultivated for two generations. Around that time, managing director Daniel O'Hare, CPA, was helping a client research the feasibility of forming an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). It occurred to him such a plan might work for Glenn Burdette, too. An ESOP is a type of retirement plan that often is used as a vehicle for succession planning. It provides a company the flexibility to buy out its existing owners either gradually or all at once, while allowing employees to own all the stock in the organization. ESOPs also can help businesses attract and retain good employees and offer tax benefits to businesses that are established as S corporations and C corporations. After considering all these benefits, O'Hare proposed to his fellow shareholders that an ESOP might be good for their firm. Subsequently, the firm hired an ESOP consultant to help the organization work through the labyrinth of legal and practical issues, performed a feasibility study, and hired an independent appraiser to do a preliminary valuation. The study revealed that an ESOP was a good fit for Glenn Burdette, so the shareholders agreed to establish a plan and to sell 85% of their shares to it. The ESOP, in turn, issued a promissory note to the shareholders, payable with interest, over 10 years. The firm provided an annual ESOP contribution, which funded the payment plan. The firm continues to fund the ESOP for all of its employee-owners, paving the way for those who plan to retire in the future. Today, Glenn Burdette is 100% employee-owned, and four of the five original shareholders have retired. Employees are engaged with the firm's operations, and O'Hare likes to think the firm attracts the best and brightest professionals. "Our ESOP allows effective retirement for the senior CPAs and staff at our firm," O'Hare said. "The account balance grows every year, and our employees see value in it." ESOPs were created by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), P.L. 93-406, and have long been used as a vehicle for ownership succession planning. According to The ESOP Association, there are approximately 10,000 ESOPs in the United States, covering 10.3 million employees. While ESOPs exist in a broad range of industries, they are most prevalent in manufacturing and construction companies, as well as engineering and architecture firms. (For a look at the types of firms that have chosen to implement an ESOP, see the sidebar, "CPA Firms With ESOPs: A Sampling.") With CPA firm leaders in the Baby Boomer generation retiring at high rates, mergers will be one way that firms try to handle succession challenges. But an ESOP is an alternative to a merger that can keep a firm intact and maintain an environment that has been favorable to both clients and employees. "An ESOP works well if the firm is profitable and growing, if ownership likes the company's culture and wants to preserve it, if owners wish to reward their employees and retain them, and if the owners want to realize significant tax benefits," said Gregory Hogan, a director at employee-owned SC&cH Group, who leads the ESOP advisory practice for the consulting, audit, and tax firm based in Sparks, Md. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ESOPs can help CPA firms attract and keep good employees. Employee ownership can also improve a firm's performance by increasing productivity, sales, and growth. …


Abstract : This technical note provides background information and general guidelines for maintaining genetic diversity and integrity in wetland restoration and creation projects that use imported plant stock.


Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when the flexible ends of tissues at the end of the bones wear down and it could be due to various causes affecting the daily life of the people. Women are the most important part of society and according to studies it was stated women are more affected than men. There are many biochemical markers involved in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis with other investigations like radiological, and clinical approaches. Here in this study the Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and Tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF-?) were determined in post-menopausal knee osteoarthritic female patients and normal healthy subjects taking into consideration of all the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The samples were collected and tests were performed by ELISA. The study suggested that raised levels of the serum COMP & TNF-? in the study group were age-related changes with inflammation and infection at the knee joint which were suggestive of knee osteoarthritis.


On the basis of analyzing in depth the structure characteristics and the relations of link length of center-setting crank-rocker mechanism, this article concludes the unequal relationship formulas between allowable transmission angle minimum transmission angle as well as swinging angle of rocker,and puts forward an analytic method for designing center-setting crank-rocker mechanism according to minimum transmission angle, which is capable of satisfying the requirements of allowable transmission angle minimum sum of the link length.


period, and had access at least to much secondhand information about what went on in the commission meetings. Since he is not a theologian, one cannot expect a sophisticated theological account of this controversy. More problematic, however, is the fact that he was not an unbiased observer. The reader will sense the bias in favor of contraception right from the first pages. The present reviewer also followed this controversy very closely, and on the basis of his own reading of it as well as the slant of the book toward contraception and the lack of firsthand information and/or any kind of documentation, he would have to question the reliability of the author's account. Another disturbing feature is that the slant turns the book into a kind of ecclesiastical Western, with "good guys" and "bad guys" trying to outwit each other. The worst of the "bad guys" turns out to be John C. Ford, S.J., an American Jesuit who was a member of the commission. His many friends who respected him highly as a person and as a moral theologian will be shocked to see him depicted as such a villain. But perhaps the most objectionable feature of the account is the fact that K. reduces the whole decision to stay with the tradition to politics. He seems unable to fathom any position on contraception other than his own as bona fide or sincere. There is indeed need for an objective account of this whole controversy. I regret that the present account does not meet the need.


Significance We performed a single-nucleus RNA sequencing study of the adult fly kidney, identifying 11 distinct clusters that we validated by gene markers. We characterized the roles of transcription factors involved in stem cell regeneration and metabolism, as well as genes that regulate the unusual cell shape of stellate cells. The dataset also provides a systems-level view of the organization and physiological roles of the tubules. Finally, we performed a cross-species analysis that allowed a comparison of the fly kidney cell types with mouse kidney cell types, as well as planarian protonephridia. This study provides a comprehensive resource for studying the insect kidney.


Beans the seven jurai leaves (Phaseolus lunatus L) potentially a herbal antiinflammatory. The purpose of this research to find out the influence of the provision of extract ethanol leaves seven jurai bean and effective doses could cause antiinflammatory effects with side effects that are relatively smaller. This research used animal 25 rats white male 2-3 month weight + 100-200 gram into 5 categories, control negative ( Na-CMC ), control positive (diclofenac sodium), extract ethanol beans the seven jurai leaves with a dose 14,175 mg/kgBB, 28,350 mg/kgBB, and 56,700 mg/kgBB. Treatment done an hour before in induction. In an hour rats was karagenan induced 0,8 % as many as 0,2 ml in intraplantar, volume of foot rats measured starting from t0, 0,5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24. After foot volume data is obtained, data on foot rats volume has been reduced t0 and AUC total with %DAI has been calculated. %DAI value were analyzed with Kolmogorrov Smirnov to know distribution of data, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test to know normality of data, then analyzed by test one way ANNOVA which was continued by test LSD. From research it was concluded that ethanol extract of beans the seven jurai leaves was given dose of 14,175 mg/kgBB, 28,350mg/kgBB, and 56,700 mg/kgBB gave the effect of a male antiinflammatory in rats karagenan induced wistar strains. Doses of 56,700 mg/kgBB gave the ability the highest in activities antiinflammatory in edema rats than doses 14,175 mg/kgBB and 28,350 mg/kgBB.
Keywords : antiinflammatory, extract, the seven jurai beans


This article uses the archives of government departments, political parties and individual politicians and economists to examine the political and administrative reception of the Meade Report published in 1978. It analyses the differing responses to those sections of the report recommending the promotion of incentives to work and save, compared with those recommendations for a lifetime expenditure tax and the taxation of the transfer and inheritance of wealth. It locates the Conservative Thatcher governments' opposition to the proposals for the taxation of wealth in the wider political-economic context of the time. These differences between now and then are also reflected in the differing weight given to considerations of taxable capacity and optimal tax theory in the Meade Report and Mirrlees Review respectively. Concerned that the Mirrlees Review does not suffer the cherry-picking fate of the Meade Report or, worse, of simple benign neglect by government, the article draws attention to the factors affecting the political reception of such reports, but ends, paradoxically, by suggesting that given the current political concern with the taxation of wealth, the Meade Report may have at least as much to offer on this issue as does the Mirrlees Review. JEL Classification: A11; B25; B31; H20; N34; The publication of Tax By Design: The Mirrlees Review on 13th September 2011 was the first major review of the system of direct taxation since the publication of the Meade Report on The Structure and Reform of Direct Taxation on 26 January 1978. Both reviews were published at a time of economic change, the Meade Report as inflation began to mutate into stagflation, and the Mirrlees Review as the domestic economy remained in intensive care following the crash of September 2008. The Meade committee was established by the Institute for Fiscal Studies in 1975 in frustration at ministerial rejection of calls from the Sandilands Committee and others for a Royal Commission on the whole of the taxation system. The Sandilands Committee had worked on the problem of inflation accounting and there was a widespread view that years of ad hoc modifications to taxes had resulted in a 1 TNA T364/149 (1978c) 2 TNA T364/149 (1977b), paras. 23, 24, 29, 32.


In this article, we critically reflect upon the experience of public health research involving children and contribute to existing conversations about the methodological and ethical facets of research in this field. Drawing on two phases of a study that sought to explore the lived experiences of families with young children who have had a recent common childhood illness (gastrointestinal infection), we address the research process, from inception of the studies, to fieldwork and the resultant material obtained. We argue that when researching with families about a child-centered experience, it is important to look beyond the individual adult as "participant" and to conceptualize dependents either as, or "like" participants—what we suggest as a "family-centered approach." Theoretically, this strategy best addresses the lived reality of relationality and responsibility of parent/carers for dependent children; while improving the ease and safety of data collection for the researcher and participants alike.


Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be a comodule over R-coalgebra C. It was already well-known that any C-comodule M is a module over dual algebra C* where C* is the set of all R-module homomorphisms from C to R. Furthermore, the category of comodule is a subcategory of the category of C*-module. Hence, any C-subcomodule of M is a C*-submodule of M, and the conversely is not true. For any non zero element m in M, C*m is a C*-submodule of M. In general, C*m is not to become a C-subcomodule of M. By using the theory of exact sequences in modules and the theory of categories, we give a condition such that C*m to be a C-subcomodule of M.


The top leaf of fresh softwood cuttings of 'Marianna 2624' plum (Prunus cerasifera × Prunus munsoniana) was exposed to 14CO2 and the effect of leaf area and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting and distribution of 14c was assessed. IBA enhanced the rooting of cuttings with 1/2 or 3 leaves, whereas leafless cuttings failed to root regardless of treatment. Most of the 14C remained in the upper portion of the stem adjacent to the treated leaf; the mid-stem segment acquired about 40% of the activity. Little radioactivity reached the base of fresh cuttings, but upon rooting it accumulated 4 times the percentage of 14c found in comparable non-rooting bases. In all cuttings the incorporation of 14C into starch was much greater in the mid-stem than in the base. As much as 75% of the radioactivity in rooted bases was recovered in a residue remaining after ethanol soluble substances and starch were removed. The level of starch declined continually in the base but decreased in the mid-stem only at the end of the study. The concentration of sugars in both segments was relatively constant while that of sorbitol declined markedly and was hardly detectable in rooted bases. The largest loss of carbohydrates occurred in the bases treated with IBA. The similarity in levels and trends of carbohydrate utlization in the bases of cuttings with or without leaves indicated that in this cultivar the stimulatory effect of leaves on rooting is not associated with their being a source of carbohydrates.


Volcanoes in Iceland pose an enormous threat to not only the environment but a large portion of the population due to the sheer number and potential destruction that lies under each one. Grimsv ö tn, being the most frequently erupting volcano in Iceland, is a great locality to develop more of an understanding into how these volcanoes actually work and what we can do to better prepare ourselves for future events. Basaltic glass samples were taken and analyzed using various methods in order to determine partial pressures of crystallization. From this we can deduce magma chamber depth and interpret through various petrological methods, a possible system which lies beneath the volcanoes. As a result of completing this procedure we have concluded that the data are best explained by the presence of a complex plumbing system, consisting of both a shallow and deep chamber, and plexus of small chambers at various depths, or a deep chamber linked to the surface by dikes. Similar models have been proposed for the plumbing systems beneath other volcanoes in Iceland.


The present work is devoted to investigation of mechanisms of optical anisotropy of biological tissues polycrystalline networks and laser polarization fluorescence. The model of complex optical anisotropy, which takes into account both linear and circular birefringence, as well as linear and circular dichroism of fibrillar networks of histological sections of women reproductive sphere is proposed. The data of statistical, correlation and fractal processing of coordinate distributions of laser polarization fluorescence is provided. The technique of azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix mapping of laser polarization fluorescence of protein networks in the tasks of differentiation of benign and malignant tumors of uterus wall is elaborated.


The quantum dynamics of a particle in the modified Poschl-Teller potential is derived from the group SL (2, R) by applying a group approach to quantization (GAQ). The explicit form of the Hamiltonian as well as the ladder operators is found in the enveloping algebra of this basic symmetry group. The present algorithm provides a physical realization of the non-unitary, finite-dimensional, irreducible representations of the SL(2, R) group. The non-unitarity manifests itself in that only half of the states are normalizable, in contrast with the representations of SU(2) where all the states are physical.


Two-dimensional group IV layers beyond graphene, as silicene, germanene and the Snbased stanene, have been recently synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy. Density Functional Theyory (DFT) calculations predict low-buckled structures for these 2D nanosheets, with a hexagonal honeycomb conformation, typical of the graphene-like surfaces. The buckling parameter 8 increases from Si to Sn-based layers, with a maximum predicted of 0.92 Å for stanene. High-buckled structures for these materials resulted to be unstable. We have previously shown that for silicene and germanene, the origin of the buckled structure resides on the pseudo Jahn-Teller puckering distortion, resulting from non-adiabatic effects. It has been shown that hexagermabenzene, the single hexagonal unit of germanene, is subject to a strong vibronic coupling whose origin is the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect. This coupling resulted to be around ten times larger than the one obtained for hexasilabenzene. For stanene, an additional effect needs to be considered to understand the origin of buckling: the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This SOC contributes to open an electronic band gap, enabling the use of these layers as nanoelectronic components. In this work, we present an analysis based on DFT in the Zeroth-Order Regular Approximation (ZORA) for both scalar relativistic and spin-orbit versions that quantify the influence of the spin-orbit coupling in the puckering of Sn_6H_6. Also, under the linear vibronic coupling model between the ground and the lowest excited states, we present the pseudo Jahn-Teller contribution. The scalar ZORA approximation is used to perform time-dependent DFT calculations to incorporate the low-energy excitations contributions. Our model leads to the determination of the coupling constants and predicts simultaneously the Adiabatic Potential Energy Surface behavior for the ground and excited states around the maximum symmetry point. These values allow us to compare the Jahn-Teller relevance in buckling with the other group IV layers.


The amount of information on the web is permanently growing. The orientation within the information is becoming more and more complicated. It is necessary to develop a system able to adapt the information for the needs of the user and to personalize the presentation of information according to his/her preferences. In this paper we discuss current approaches used in the research, both advantages and disadvantages of the developed models and our proposals for their extensions.


Background : Entrepreneurial leadership entrepreneurial leadership is a leadership style known as entrepreneurial leadership is able to delegate, foster employee responsibility, make and implement choices, and operate independently and contribute to enhancing work engagement that has positive characteristics on nurses' performance. Aim : The present study aimed to determine level of nurse managers' entrepreneurial leadership, assess level of work engagement among nurse managers, and explore the relationship between nurse managers' entrepreneurial leadership and their work engagement. Research design : A descriptive correlational study design was used. Setting : The study was conducted at Nasser Institute Hospital. Subjects : The study included all nurse managers (98), working at the above-mentioned setting. Tools of data collection : Data were collected by using entrepreneurial leadership measurement and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Results : less than half (49%) of studied nurse managers had high total level of entrepreneurial leadership, while less than one third (31.6%) had total moderate level and less than one fifth (19.4%) had total low level with mean±SD (22.90±4.77). Moreover, more than half (56.1%) of studied nurse managers had high level of total work engagement, and more than one fifth (22.4% & 21.5%) of them had moderate and low levels respectively with mean±SD (24.22±5.00). Conclusion : There was strong positive correlation among nurse managers' entrepreneurial leadership and their work engagement. Recommendations : The study recommended establishing entrepreneurial leadership training to provide nurse managers with the skills they need to build a collaborative and participatory management organization, thus enhancing their work engagement.


Hope is one of important issues in human lives, as humans are looking for happiness, naturally. God brings in his book, Quran, instructions and guidance on all aspects of human life, that guide him to happiness both in this world and the hereafter. The goal of this article is Study the ways to make hope in the mental health, according to Quran view. This study in descriptiveanalytic method concludes that we have factors that increase hope in humans such as: Zikr (remembrance of God), belief in religious principles, and ... .


CO2 is a critical component of greenhouse gas and also an abundant C1 resource. CO2 chemistry has attracted more and more attention from the scientific community thanks to global warming. The unique advantages of microporous organic polymers (MOPs), especially the diverse monomers and synthetic routes, easy to introduce specific CO2-philic functionalities, organic ligands and metal catalytic center within the skeleton, have provided new opportunity for CO2 capture, activation and utilization. This review will outline the recent research progress on CO2 adsorption and catalytic conversion by functionalized MOP materials. The MOPs invovled are mainly those functionalized by CO2-philic groups (e.g. azo, Troger's base, carbazole, triazine, Schiff base, benzimidazole and fluorine atoms) and synthesized directly through chemical coupling reactions, which could realize efficient capture, activation and the subsequent catalytic conversion of CO2, to produce value-added chemicals such as formic acid, methyl amines and organic carbonates.


3D modeling technology could be used to display things.Research on it has attached much importance to the further development of 3D graphic technology.The methods of displaying and modeling 3D object under the environment of Windows via VC and OpenGL were studied and a comprehensive application in the development of this visual simulation software in NC pipecut system was introduced.


SUMMARY Constitutive laws for rock joints should be able to reproduce the fundamental mechanical behaviour of real joints, such as dilation under shear and strain softening due to surface asperity degradation. In this work, we extend the model of Plesha1 to include hydraulic behaviour. During shearing, the joint can experience dilation, leading to an initial increase in its permeability. Experiments have shown that the rate of increase of the permeability slows down as shearing proceeds, and, at later stages, the permeability could decrease again. The above behaviour is attributed to gouge production. The stress—strain relationship of the joint is formulated by appeal to classical theories of interface plasticity. It is shown that the parameters of the model can be estimated from the Barton—Bandis empirical coeƒcients; the Joint Roughness Coeƒcient (JRC) and the Joint Compresive strength (JSC). We further assume that gouge production is also related to the plastic work of the shear stresses, which enables the derivation of a relationship between the permeability of the joint and its mechanical aperture. The model is implemented in a finite element code (FRACON) developed by the authors for the simulation of the coupled thermal—hydraulic—mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses. Typical laboratory experiments are simulated with the FRACON code in order to illustrate the trends predicted in the proposed model. ( 1998 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.


ROS1 gene fusions are predominantly found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ROS1 gene fusion-positive (ROS1+) tumors comprise 1-2% of all diagnosed lung adenocarcinomas. Currently, there are two ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which are US FDA approved, crizotinib and entrectinib, both of which generate tumor response rates in excess of 70% and demonstrate prolonged disease control. However, acquired resistance to TKIs is inevitable, and has been reported in ROS1+ NSCLC tumors or cancer cell models by our group and others and include ROS1 kinase domain mutations (e.g., L1951R, S1986Y/F, F2004V, L2026M, and G2032R), activation of bypass signaling pathways (e.g., EGFR, RAS, or KIT), or phenotypic transformation (such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition). In order to better understand mechanisms of acquired TKI resistance in ROS1 NSCLC, our lab utilized primary, patient-derived cancer cell models harboring these rare oncogenic kinase rearrangements. Herein, using a patient-derived NSCLC cancer cell line (CUTO28) harboring a TPM3-ROS1 fusion, we derived an entrectinib-resistant cell line (CUTO28-ER) through in vitro culture under drug selection. In these CUTO28-ER cells, we identified: (1) MET-mediated bypass signaling as an acquired resistance mechanism to entrectinib, (2) upregulation of MET signaling is accomplished via MET gene amplification, and (3) resistance could be overcome by the dual ROS1/MET inhibitor crizotinib. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MET-mediated acquired resistance in a ROS1+ cancer. This cell line model finding was supported by another primary, patient-derived cell line (CUTO38) harboring a CD74-ROS1 fusion; this cell line was derived from a NSCLC patient following disease progression on entrectenib in the clinic. CUTO38 is resistant to entrectinib in vitro and displays elevated MET expression, MET activation with increased phosphorylation, and dependence on MET for cell proliferation and survival. Notably, MET activation in CUTO38 was not generated by gene amplification, MET exon 14 splicing, MET gene fusion, or autocrine HGF expression, suggesting alternate means of MET activation. These findings suggest that interrogation of MET gene amplification or other MET biomarkers should be performed in ROS1+ NSCLC patients who experience disease progression on entrectinib or other ROS1 TKIs that do not inhibit MET, since there are clinically available MET inhibitors, some of which are dual ROS1/MET inhibitors, that may overcome drug resistance in these patients. Citation Format: Logan Tyler, Anh Le, Hala Nijmeh, Robert Doebele. MET mediates entrectinib resistance in ROS1 gene fusion positiveNSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3003.


Buspirone is an anxiolytic drug with robust serotonin receptor 1A (Htr1a) agonist activities. However, evidence has demonstrated that this drug also targets the dopamine D3 receptor (Drd3), where it acts as a potent antagonist. In vivo, Drd3 blockade is neuroprotective and reduces inflammation in models of Parkinson's disease. To test if buspirone also elicited anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, we generated stable Drd3−/− and Htr1a−/− BV2 microglial cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and then tested the effects of buspirone after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. We found that LPS exposure had no effect on cell viability, except in Htr1a−/− cells, where viability was reduced (p < 0.001). Drug treatment reduced viability in Drd3−/− cells, but not in WT or Htr1a−/− cells. Buspirone counteracted LPS-induced NO release, NOS2, IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression in WT cells, whereas it exerted limited effects in Drd3−/− or Htr1a−/− microglia. In summary, our findings indicate that buspirone attenuates microglial polarization after LPS challenge. These results also highlight some major effects of Drd3 or Htr1a genetic ablation on microglial biology, raising important questions on the complex role of neurotransmitters in regulating microglia functions.


A time‐dependent approach is applied to the problem of dissipative resonant electron tunneling in asymmetric double‐quantum‐well systems both with ideal flat and large‐scale disorder interfaces. An electron tunneling rate associated with LO‐phonon scattering and the average effective tunneling time are calculated. The square‐law dependence of dissipative resonant tunneling rate on the value of coupling matrix element V in the structures with flat interfaces has been found to be radically different from the linear dependence tunneling rates on V in the structures with nonhomogeneous interfaces. As a result there is a substantial increase in the effective tunneling time in structures with an ideal flat interface in comparison with nonhomogeneous interfaces, particularly in weakly coupled structures. The physical reasons for the diversity of the functional dependence are discussed.


The Tg.AC mouse carries an activated v‐Ha‐ras oncogene fused to an embryonic ζ‐globin promoter and develops cutaneous papillomas in response to specific chemicals, full thickness wounding, and ultraviolet radiation. Papilloma development in these mice has been suggested to be dependent upon activation of ras transgene expression, thus providing a potential model for studying ras‐inhibitory componds. Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) prevent a critical posttranslational modification step necessary for activation of ras proteins. Our studies demonstrated that a tricyclic FTI (SCH 56582) applied directly to the skin of homozygous Tg.AC mice 1 h prior to administration of the tumor promoter TPA decreased tumor multiplicity compared to TPA‐only controls. In addition, a reduction of TPA‐induced tumor development was seen in similarly treated hemizygous Tg.AC mice either on an FVB/N strain background or 50% C57BL/6. Histological examination of skin from Tg.AC+/−:FVB/N mice revealed no differences with respect to 12‐O‐tetradecamoylpharbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)–mediated hyperplasia. Keratinocytes isolated from treated and control skin were assayed for ras transgene expression by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and expression was detected in both TPA‐ and FTI+TPA–treated tissue, although the appearance of transgene positive pre‐papillomas was observed only in histological sections taken 21 d after the first treatment. In summary, we have used a regimen of topical application of an FTI (SCH 56582) to suppress TPA‐mediated papillomagenesis in v‐Ha‐ras transgenic Tg.AC mice. These studies demonstrate that TPA‐induced epidermal hyperplasia is a ras‐independent process, while papilloma development in response to TPA treatment requires the function of activated ras. Mol. Carcinog. 27:24–33, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The purpose of this study was the quantification, through the comparison of different methods, of viable and metabolically active bacteria in marine environments. To quantify the living and active bacterioplankton fractions, we compared the total cell count (TC using DAPI staining), plate count on marine agar (CFU), and three viability-staining methods: nucleoid-containing cell count (NuCC), Live/Dead staining procedure (L/D) and direct viable count (DVC). With respect to TC (mean value 3.0 ± 2.3 × 105 cell ml−1) CFU represented less than 0.1% and DVC cells 1%, both showing significant differences. NuCC and L/D cells were 18.0% and 15.9% of TC, respectively, showing no significant differences and higher percentages in the Ionian Sea than the Adriatic Sea. Moreover, NuCC and L/D were two orders of magnitude greater than the culturable fraction, while active cells (DVC) exceeded CFU by one order of magnitude. The comparison of different staining methods allowed us to confirm the simultaneous presence of different physiological states within the bacterial population in natural marine environments. The NuCC and L/D methods gave comparable values to those of other authors, while the DVC procedure gave lower values than previously reported. This research provides information on the fraction of living and/or metabolically active bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Since each method has its own detection limits, the study highlights the need to simultaneously compare the different methods to validate their results.


With the aim of generating new ideas, a novel online social network (OSN)-based national open innovation system (NOIS) is introduced. Although the motivations to participate in online communities have been studied a lot, impacts of rewards on the open innovation activities such as NOIS have not gained much interest. To create successful innovation systems, it must include options for rewarding all key actors. We will define generic success measures for the NOIS reward model and introduce the body of knowledge regarding rewards in general and in online communities. To summarise our findings, we will suggest a solid reward model for open innovation-based OSNs and NOIS.


In this paper, a backlash property of a hydraulic motor control system is analyzed and modelled as a mathematical expression. We first suggest the modeling method of the backlash and propose the regressor for an identification of the hydraulic motor control system with the backlash. For practice use, the identification is performed in a recursive form to be suggested. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the suggested method through simulation and experiment.


API and Minitek Systems in Identification of Clinical Isolates of AnaerobicGram-Negative Bacilli and Clostridium SpeciesA comparison of the API and Minitek methods of biochemical testing was made on a variety of anaerobicbacteria. Although API and Minitek results were not compared to more standardized or conventional proceduresof identification, multiple repeat testing of the two systems was done on routine clinical isolates and knownorganisms to determine (i) whether the reactions were reliably consistent, (ii) the ease of reading the two systemswith respect to the frequency of questionable results, and (iii) the percentage of routine clinical isolates tor whicheach system yielded an identification. The* Minitek system gave a much lower incidence of difficult to interpretreactions. The two systems were comparable in terms of reproducibility and capability of yielding an identifica-tion ot the anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and Clostridium species, but were unsatisfactory tor ruotine use onmost ot the other anaerobic bacteria isolated.


Abstract Anthyllis cytisoides L. is a shrub legume used to recover desertified semiarid areas in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing bacteria. A detailed study of the microsymbionts establishment could allow determining the most appropriate moment for transplanting A. cytisoides from nursery to natural soils. Moreover, it could be possible to improve the functionality of the symbiosis of A. cytisoides with Glomus fasciculatum (Taxter sensu Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe and Rhizobium sp. by managing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Our results have shown that A. cytisoides exhibited growth depression when plants did not receive any P and N fertilization, possibly due to competition between microsymbionts for host carbohydrates. On the other hand, while high N addition delayed the development of nodules, low N and P fertilization stimulated both nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. It is suggested that the most adequate fertilization to enhance the activity of Anthyllis–Glomus–Rhizobium association should combine low P and N supplies. Furthermore, according to the functionality of both microsymbionts, the most appropriate moment for transplanting A. cytisoides to natural conditions would be between the third and the fourth month after sowing.


This slide presentation reviews the process of development through the final verification of engineering requirements. The definition of the requirements is driven by basic needs, and should be reviewed by both the supplier and the customer. All involved need to agree upon a formal requirements including changes to the original requirements document. After the requirements have ben developed, the engineering team begins to design the system. The final design is reviewed by other organizations. The final operational system must satisfy the original requirements, though many verifications should be performed during the process. The verification methods that are used are test, inspection, analysis and demonstration. The plan for verification should be created once the system requirements are documented. The plan should include assurances that every requirement is formally verified, that the methods and the responsible organizations are specified, and that the plan is reviewed by all parties. The options of having the engineering team involved in all phases of the development as opposed to having some other organization continue the process once the design has been complete is discussed.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the infiltration rate in land units with different types of land cover in the Banyu Irang Sub Watershed in the Maluka Watershed. Analyzing the volume and infiltration capacity of land units with different types of land cover in the Banyu Irang watershed in the Maluka Watershed. The method used in this research is the Horton method. Factors affecting infiltration are soil texture, soil bulk density, total soil porosity, soil organic matter, and soil moisture content. The results of the study show the value of the rate, volume dan capacity of infiltration, where the highest infiltration rate is found in the secondary forest land cover with a value of 145,5 mm/hr on land unit 19 with slope grade between 0-8% and the lowest infiltration rate is found in alang-alang (reeds) land cover with a value of 3,0 mm/hr on land units 32 with slope grade between 15-25%. The highest infiltration capacity and volume occurred in secondary forest land cover with a value of 83,490 mm/hr in land units 19. The lowest infiltration capacity and volume occurs in alang-alang (reeds) land cover with a value of 0,787 mm/hr on land units 1 and 0,846 mm/hr on land units 1.


Obturator hernia is an unusual state and rarely recurs. In this paper recent experience with a case of recurrent obturator hernia which occurred twice is described with a review of the Japanese literature. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting and abdominal pain in June 1991. There was a previous history of undergoing operation for obturator hernia at elsewhere in 1988. In December 1990 severe pain in the left medial thigh began to occur. After admission to the hospital the patient was diagnosed as intestinal obstruction and was operated on. Abdominal laparotomy demonstrated an incarceration of the ileum in a left obturator hernia. Reduction was accomplished and the obturator foramen was closed with peritoneum. Two months later she was admitted because of the same thigh pain. Laparotomy demonstrated recurrent obturator hernia which might be caused by the looseness of peritoneal suture. In Japan the closure of obturator foramen with peritoneum is generally employed. A review of the literature, however, revealed that such procedure sometimes failed to prevent the recurrence. The procedure was not curable in this case. Direct suture with periosteum of pubic bone and obturator membrane would be a more desirable operative procedure.


Erika Fischer-Lichte's Geschichte des Dramas (1990) was certainly not the first history of drama or theatre I read, but this history is without any doubt the most challenging one I have been confronted with as an art sociologist with a background in theatre and theatre studies. During my own studies in the Netherlands, I had already been acquainted with Richard Souther's brilliant study The Seven Ages of the Theatre (1968), in which he convincingly demonstrates how the same stages in the development of theatre – such as those of the costumed player, the religious festival or the roofed theatre – could be recognised in totally different cultures in entirely different temporal domains. Unfortunately the book is not available anymore, but it should be reprinted because it offers the (student) reader a real insight into what theatre is, because of what it does in culture. In this light, the publication of Fischer-Lichte's book in English (not before 2002; it remains difficult finding important German research translated and published into English) certainly fills a gap. Just as most historical treatises, this book divides theatre history into a number of periods and subperiods, but here the core question of each chapter is how the theatre of the period concerned reflects society. What is more, this is demonstrated by a full dramaturgical analysis of one or two plays from the period concerned – resulting in an analysis in which theatrical structures and sociological insights intertwine. (In another famous German book, Publkumsdramaturgie, Volkert Klotz did something similar – he also succeeded in making comprehensible how art functions in a particular society.) The size of the present contribution does not give the opportunity to evoke even a feeling of how stimulating this form of cross-fertilising is in the historiography of the arts; nevertheless, the following small example is illustrative. Chapter 4 (of five), entitled 'Dramatising the Identity Crisis' covers the nineteenth century, starting with Von Kleist's search for great personalities outside the bourgeois circles and ending with what Fischer-Lichte refers to as 'the completion and end of the bourgeois theatre of illusion'. But before the latter point has been reached, history experienced 'the fall of the bourgeois myths' to which 'the lie of the family' contributed quite a lot. This lie was certainly a topic preoccupying Ibsen in many of his plays, from Pillars of the Community (1877), via Nora or The Doll's House (1879) to The Wild Duck (1885).


A number base uses any whole number greater than one. Scientific notation can be used to express any whole number in any base. As Fermat's Last Theorem concerns whole numbers greater than one to powers of $n$, we can express it using scientific notation.


Limited information is available on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different stages of estrus cycle and pregnancy in goats. ALP of genital tract origin forms part of total activity in serum ALP. This study firstly analyzed the biochemical values in dairy does at different stages of pregnancy. Then, for the clinically healthy goats, controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices containing progesterone were inserted to investigate the change of the activity of serum ALP. The activity of ALP collected from the vaginal tract on a wing of the CIDR device was evaluated. The results showed the ALP activity varies over a wide range, especially during pregnancy and postpartum. When samples of serum had been heated at 65℃ for 30 min, the percentage of ALP activity in parous does with CIDR insertion (31.66±15.73%) was significant higher than that in maiden does (14.15±2.91%) (<0.005). ALP activity of samples collected from the genital tract in those parous does (272.94±83.37 mU/wing) were higher than that in maiden does (44.0±26.01 mU/wing) (<0.001). The study concluded the ALP activity in serum and in genital tract is higher in parous does compared with that in virgin does stimulated by CIDR devices.


Provided are a calling method, device and system for a terminal conference. The method comprises: detecting a first operation conducted on an electronic map on a display screen; according to the first operation conducted on the electronic map on the display screen, selecting a first target terminal object from terminal objects displayed in the electronic map and corresponding to conference terminals; according to the correlation between the conference terminals and the terminal objects, determining a target conference terminal corresponding to the first target terminal object; and calling the target conference terminal.


Following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of apple, it is rather difficult to achieve rooting of new shoots. Therefore in vitro rooting of micropropagated 'Pinova'apple shoots was tested in different media in order to carry out rooting of transformed shoots. Following a four-day pretreatment in liquid or agar-solidified half strength MS medium containing 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg L -1 IBA, shoots were placed in hormone free agar-solidified or vermiculite-supplemented half strength MS medium. The highest rooting efficiency was achieved when plantlets were pretreated in liquid medium without any hormone. When no IBA was added the efficiency of rooting was 73% in vermiculite and 46.7% in agar. With 1 mg L -1 IBA the efficiency was reduced to 53.3% in vermiculite and increased to 67% in agar-solidified medium. Generally, in medium containing vermiculite a higher number of roots developed. Furthermore, in vermiculite numerous roots were branched and displayed a firm and brown appearance. It was concluded that medium with vermiculite following a pretreatment without hormone promotes rooting of apple. Therefore, the use of vermiculite in the rooting of transformed shoots is suggested.


With the development of digital techniques, traditional businesses are moving to a digital world for effectiveness, convenience and security. As a particular application, embedding to medical images with patient information such as patient personal data, history, test and diagnosis result before transmitting and storing, and recovering the embedded information and the original images exactly after receiving is an efficient way to execute correct medical practice and reduce storage, memory requirement and transmission time. It provides integrity of medical images and corresponding documentations, and protection of information. However, existing medical systems take them separately. To meet the integrity, this paper presents a lossless scheme for the medical image processing, which can be used in e-diagnosis. The scheme can provide relative high data embedding rate whereas keep a relative lower distortion. However, the method is distortion-tolerant in application. The original image can be recovered with distortion-free.


AbstractThe impact of human handling on studies of blood residues is demonstrated by experimental work undertaken on modern stone tools. The results are examined within the context of excavation techniques and conservation treatments that may influence laboratory analyses, with special emphasis on the consequences of washing and handling stone artifacts. The results of experimental work are compared with those obtained from a large assemblage of stone tools that was excavated along the shore of the Anacostia River in Washington DC. Because the amounts of biomolecules found on excavated materials are small, more sensitive biochemical techniques are being applied to archaeological artifacts. The implications of organic residue analysis for archaeologists, conservators and collections managers are considered, with emphasis on appropriate methods of excavation, treatment procedures and materials for storage. This paper focuses on the issues of immediate concern to conservators, and the impact that washing and...


ECG signal provides a dynamic assessment of the cardiac activities. To analyze the ECG signal, some innovative ECG delineation techniques alongwith a few known techniques were used to provide the optimum strategy for marking of events. The techniques were applied on 125 records of CSE DS-3 database for calibration and subsequently, on the data acquired from no known-cardiac Cobra bitten patients under strict ethical protocol and medical supervision.


It is the goal of acousticians aiding in concert hall design to create an ideal acoustical environment for experiencing music. To this end, parameters have been developed to quantify the listener's experience in a hall, and while many contribute positively toward listener satisfaction, they only tell part of the story. In reality, the experience of a listener is dependent on the quality of the performance occurring in the hall in addition to the acoustics; even great performers can only perform their best when in comfortable environments conducive to their art. Yet only one widely used parameter, Stage Support, considers a performer's acoustical needs, and this metric only applies to instrumentalists playing in ensemble. This study examines the unexplored case of a solo singer in a concert hall, augmenting the little existing research on this subject as a first step toward a new parameter. Subjective responses from a survey given to a number of experienced singers and the preferences of singers for acoust...


The following paper introduces the possibility of connecting Leonardo Polo's theory of knowledge with classical natural philosophy of law. To begin, the paper briefly explains the nucleus of Polo's epistemology and the different treatment it gives to the concept of method. Method is here used not in the way it is ordinarily employed in philosophy of science, but rather in the new, revolutionary mode developed by Polo. Afterwards, the article proposes a new way to classify Philosophy of Law that corresponds with the new epistemology that was expounded. The new division permits understanding the different roads taking by philosophy and how Philosophy of Law has, at least, three main paths to find answers to fundamental questions. Finally, the new division in philosophy of law is developed and some questions and answers of natural right philosophy are given their new place. Philosophy of Law becomes more organized and better structured, with which future studies have a more solid ground on which to establish themselves.


A large fraction of the recent innovation in integrated optics is enabled by the use of high index contrast structures and devices. The strong confinement achievable in such devices allows for dramatic performance benefits and downscaling. In this paper the progress in this field is reviewed.


contemporary of Galileo in England, which demonstrate that Harriot had the instrument but could not see the craters before reading Galileo's booklet. Hence he could not have invented the telescope. The next issue is Galileo and Venice. Here a chronicle is given of Galileo's wheeling and dealing with the Republic of Venice after the invention of the telescope. In the next section, mention is made of a few Italian precursors who had tinkered with the instrument before Galileo invented his telescope. The next section introduces the reader to the laws of optics. Then three sections follow illustrating the optical workings of Galileo's telescope from a slightly more technical point of view. The next section shows the problems that many people at the time had with Galileo's telescopes. Obviously the eyes need to be trained to see with a telescope and this became a sore issue because natural philosophers at that time were not accustomed to work with instruments in general, let alone with telescopes. The next three sections deal with Galileo's ability to draw. Shea and Bascelli's moral seems to be: You can draw what you see and you can see what you draw. The latter seems to have the case with the huge crater that Galileo introduced (for fun?) in the engravings of the 1610 booklet, and which (alas!) has never been identified by astronomers since. Next comes the moon. That the moon should be like another earth was put forward by the Greek writer Plutarch in the first century AD. Galileo confirmed this, according to Shea and Bascelli. The next topic is the satellites of Jupiter (many sections). Galileo saw four moons around Jupiter. He then set out to calculate the periods. He basically succeeded if compared to data published in 1910. Saturn and Venus, the next question, were more tricky. Galileo got it right with the phases, which he discovered, but not with the ring which he could not resolve. But the ring was of course beyond the power of his telescope, and also appeared in an unfavorable position in the 1610s. Finally, the concluding two sections of the Introduction try to offer some views about the larger implications of the book. For, Galileo's quest for precise tables of the satellites of Jupiter was motivated by the possibility of applying the data to the problem of longitude at sea. To sum up, space prevents my going further into the fascinating minutiae of the beginning of telescopic astronomy, and Galileo's fundamental contribution to it, but I wish to encourage the reader to do so under the safe escort of Shea and Bascelli.


The purpose in this research, the performance of the undershot waterwheel with hydraulic channel modifications were investigated. Testing was carried out on undershot waterwheel with diameter of 0,48 m, width of 0,10 m and the number of blades of 12. Weir of 0,24 m, length headrace of 0,1 m under flow rate of 0,105 m3/s with variations sluice openings of 0,06 to 0,12 m and flow guide of 30° to determine the torque, power and efficiency of the wheel. The larger the sluice opening, the torsional tendency, power and efficiency increased. For each opening of sluice, power and efficiency increased to the value maximum and then tend to decreased. The use of flow guide of 30° in the modification of hydraulic channel carried out in this study, had not been able to increase the output power and efficiency of the wheel.


To the Editor: —Permit me to utilize your columns in order to rectify an error in Bulletin 4 of the Carnegie Foundation, dealing with Medical Education in the United States and Canada. I refer to my account of the medical department of Laval University, Montreal. This institution is entirely distinct from Laval University, Quebec, which also has a medical department. The Quebec school, however, publishes in its catalogue certain data respecting the Montreal school, and I inadvertently give in my account of the Montreal school some material taken from the inadequate statement in the Quebec catalogue. The staff of the Montreal school numbers 50, of whom 20 are professors. The number of beds in the two general hospitals used should have been given as 290, and an additional statement that the school has several supplementary hospitals should have been made. The lectures on chemistry for medical students are given by


After analysis of the data from Dalian bus IC card database, the paper propose an optimization algorithm for bus scheduling. By introducing an artificial immune algorithm based on information entropy, the optimal or the quasi-optimal solution to this multi-variable and non-linear problem of bus scheduling can be found efficiently. The experiment results demonstrate that the optimal bus departure intervals under different time periods can be obtained to adjust bus timetable conveniently, which help to adjust bus timetable dynamically.


Two 4 month-old, sibling female, dwarf rabbits were presented with a history of chewing painted floor boards for a period of approximately 1 wk. Both rabbits were inappetent. The 1st rabbit had additional historical findings of mild tremors and the production of red-tinged urine for approximately 4 d. Bacterial cystitis was suspected, and the rabbit was treated with chloramphenicol palmitate (Chlor Palm 250 mg, Rhone Merieux, Victoriaville, Quebec), PO, at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (BW), ql2h. She died within 24 h. The 2nd rabbit was then presented for further diagnostic evaluation. At this time, she was depressed and had right hindlimb ataxia. Hematologic evaluation revealed mild anemia, which was mildly regenerative, the presence of nucleated red blood cells, and basophilic stippling (Table 1). Lead toxicosis was suspected. The only abnormality observed on a serum biochemical profile was mild hyperglycemia (14.7 mmol/L; reference range, 4.2 to 7.8 mmol/L), which was attributed to cortisol or epinephrine release. The detection of lead toxicosis is based on the determination of blood level concentrations, the radiographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal (G-1) tract for the presence of radio-opaque material, and the determination of tissue lead concentrations. Radio-opaque material was not observed in the G1 tract of the 2nd rabbit, but its blood lead concentration was high (Table 1). Lead toxicosis was diagnosed. The rabbit was treated with calcium chelate of calcium disodium edetate 6.6% (Leadidate, MTC Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Ontario) diluted with physiological saline at a dose of 27.5 mg/kg BW, SC, q6h. Next day, the rabbit was brighter and eating and drinking. However, she died 4 h after the 4th treatment with calcium disodium edetate. Both rabbits were submitted for necropsy. The postmortem findings were similar in both animals. Gross examination revealed that the stomach contained normal ingesta admixed with small pieces of white


The antioxidant activities of 48 kinds of aminophenols, chromanols, indoles, carbazoles, aromatic amines, and related compounds were assessed in the oxidations of methyl linoleate in acetonitrile solution induced by azo radical initiator. Chromanols, aminochroman and p-phenylenediamines exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Indole and carbazole did not act as antioxidant per se, but those having either amino or hydroxy group as substituent at the para position acted as potent antioxidant. Amino-substituted compounds were in general more potent than hydroxy-substituted ones. These results were interpreted by both polar and resonance effect.


Atrial fibrillation is common, affecting around 5% of people over 65. 1 2Widespread use of anticoagulants in these patients could greatly reduce the incidence of stroke,3 but many patients are untreated. 2 4Although most people with atrial fibrillation are already recorded as having the condition,4 they may not be easily identifiable from medical records, and this may partly explain the underuse of anticoagulants.

As part of a population survey of elderly people we examined two methods for detecting people with atrial fibrillation or flutter: identification of patients currently taking digoxin, and pulse palpation by a trained nurse. Ethical approval was granted by the Northumberland Local Research Ethics Committee.

We invited an age and sex stratified sample of 1235 subjects aged 65 years and over, registered with nine contiguous general practices in southern Northumberland, for a screening limb lead electrocardiogram. Subjects were …


The increase in atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio at the close of the Pleistocene epoch was part of a larger reorganization of the global carbon cycle that involved the regrowth of the terrestrial biosphere and soil reservoirs, changes in the circulation and surface temperature of the oceans, and possibly changes in oceanic productivity and the throughput of oceanic alkalinity. Here we use a box model of the global carbon cycle to highlight and investigate the role that two of these mechanisms played in distinguishing the carbon dioxide and carbon isotope budgets of glacial versus interglacial conditions: the increase in ocean surface temperature and the circulation‐driven change in export productivity as the last glacial period came to a close. The first of these is shown to explain the otherwise paradoxical isotopic lightening of atmospheric CO2 despite the enhanced sequestration of organic carbon in the deep ocean under glacial conditions. The second provides a new mechanism for increasing whole‐ocean carbonate ion activity, with the expected effect of chemically decreasing CO2 partial pressure in the surface ocean. It is argued that the implied reorganization of the oceanic carbon budget is consistent with both the steady state and the transient features of deglacial carbon cycle history, as well as with the timescale for the atmospheric CO2 increase at glacial termination.


We have inverted the large COPROD2 magnetotelluric data set using a very fast two- dimensional algorithm. Simultaneous calculation of static shifts in the data agrees well with those independently estimated using geological information. After correcting the data for static shifts, we find that the North American Central Plains conductivity anomaly consists of three compact, highly conducting strands running north-south in a resistive basement. These structures deepen to the west but internally they may dip to the east


Anxiety in characterized by feeling of apprehension and tension along with activation or arousal of the autonomic nervous system (Spielberger, 1966), while sports achievement motivation is "A state of constant flux" (Harris, (1973), The objective of this study was to compare the psychological parameter viz; sports competitive anxiety and achievement motivation anxiety, between tribe and non-tribe intervarsity women kho-kho players. To measure the achievement motivation and level of competitive anxiety, the sports achievement motivation questionnaire (SAMT-1990) developed by M.L. Kamlesh and competitive anxiety developed by Ranier Martiens was administered on the selected sample. The sample was selected by purposive sampling during East Zone inter varsity kho-kho competition (women) held at Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, From 11-10-2011 to 14-10-2011. The age of subject ranged 19 to 25 yrs. Old. The level of significant was set at 0.05 level. "T" test was used to analyze the result of the study which revealed no significant difference between tribal and non-tribal intervarsity level women Kho-Kho players in regards to sports achievement motivation and competitive anxiety level.


Inherited epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetic skin disorders characterized by skin erosions, ulceration, skin and mucosal blistering requiring topical treatment. This review demonstrates major clinical manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa and its mechanisms of development. According to these features the main principles of topical treatment and drug therapy were developed, including physical protection from trauma, moisturizing, improvement of wound healing, prevention and management of infection, itch and pain management. Drug therapy is outlined with dosage forms, drug routes of administration, age restrictions indicated in the instruction for medical use for the medications that could be used in epidermolysis bullosa patients. The authors provide indications for clinical use of antiseptics, disinfectants, antibiotics, antimicrobial agents, emollient cream and drugs reducing itch and pain.


India's is among a few developing and poor countries, who is known for champion in practising procedural democracy in world. People choose their representative for three different political positions (i.e. MP, MLA and different members in Panchayati Raj System) in a regular interval of time i.e. 5 years. Successful participation of people in electoral process does reflect that they have huge hope from democratic process to fulfil their dream and basic rights. India's economic strength (which stands among first 10 largest economies in the world) and its integration to world economy create huge hope that India's masses economic needs must be getting fulfilled. But several data and economic trends suggest that India's mass population economic requirement is not being fulfilled despite India's economy stand in first 10 largest economies in world. In opposite, economic processes are depriving mass population from their democratic rights. This paper critically analyses such weakness of Indian political economy.


Various disorders are accompanied by histamine-independent itching, which is often resistant to the currently available therapies. In this study, we hypothesized that pharmacological activation of Slack (Kcnt1, KNa1.1), a potassium channel highly expressed in itch-sensitive sensory neurons, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of itching. Based on the Slack-activating antipsychotic drug, loxapine, we designed a series of new derivatives with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles that enabled us to validate Slack as a pharmacological target in vivo. One of these new Slack activators, compound 6, exhibited negligible dopamine D2 and D3 receptor binding, unlike loxapine. We found that compound 6 displayed potent on-target antipruritic activity in multiple mouse models of acute histamine-independent and chronic itch without motor side effects. These properties make compound 6 a lead molecule for the development of new antipruritic therapies targeting Slack.


Objective To investigate the expression of serum CA153 in patients with ovarian cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The preoperative serum levels of CA153 and CA125 from 49 patients with ovarian cancer (group A) and 62 patients with benign ovarian lesions (group B) were retrospectively analyzed and then compared with the postoperative pathological findings. Results The preoperative serum CA153 level was significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer than in those with benign ovarian lesions. The sensitivity of CA153 for diagnosing ovarian cancer was 40.827% and the specificity was 96.77%. The specificity of CA153 was significantly higher than that of CA125 (P〈O.05). Serum CA153 level in ovarian cancer patients was increased as the progress of FIGO stage, but decreased as the progress of differentiation of tumor cells. The positive rate of CA153 expression was significantly lower than that of CA125 expression at the early stage (stages Ⅰ- Ⅱ ) of ovarian cancer (P〈0.05). Conclusions Preoperative detection of serum CA153 is helpful in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The higher preoperative level of serum CA153 expression, the higher risk of poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Key words:
Ovarian cancer;  Carbohydrate antigen 153;  Carbohydrate antigen 125


The invention provides a filtering material for the metallization of non-woven base fabrics for medium/high temperature and a preparation method of the filtering material. The filtering material comprises a non-woven fabric, namely a base fabric, and a surface layer, wherein the non-woven base fabric and the surface layer are fixed through needling, and both surfaces of the non-woven base fabric are coated with two or more layers of metal. The preparation method of the filtering material comprises the procedures of carrying out baking, physical deoiling, pretreatment and metal layer coating on the non-woven base fabric, needling with a non-woven surface layer raw material and typing. The anti-electrostatic filtering material prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of good static electricity preventing property, good uniformity, high-temperature resistance, good binding force and the like, and can be applied to the medium-/high-temperature dust removal of the fields of garbage incineration, thermal power generation, cement, iron and steel, chemical industry, metallurgy and the like.


Human cultures are not static. An emerging body of research has documented cultural changes in a wide variety of behaviors, psychological tendencies, and cultural products. Increasingly, this field has also begun to test hypothesis regarding the causes of these changes and to create forecasts for future patterns of change. Yet to date, the question of how our brains may change as a function of systematic changes in our environments has received relatively little attention and scant empirical testing. In the present chapter we begin by reviewing the literature on cultural change, including Varnum and Grossmann's program of research using a behavioral ecology framework to understand patterns of cultural change. Next we offer some initial predictions for changes in neural structure and function that may occur in the coming decades. Finally, we offer some ideas about how empirical research testing these predictions might be conducted and discuss challenges and opportunities for extending the study of cultural change to neuroscience.


The non-perturbative ultraviolet divergence of the sine-Gordon model is used to study the k{sup +} = 0 region of light-cone perturbation theory. The light-cone vacuum is shown to be unstable at the non- perturbative {beta}{sup 2} = 8{pi} critical point by a light-cone version of Coleman's variational method. Vacuum bubbles, which are k{sup +} = 0 diagram in light-cone field theory and are individually finite and non-vanishing for all {beta}, conspire to generate ultraviolet divergences of the light-cone energy density. The k{sup +} = 0 region of momentum also contributed to connected Green's functions: the connected two point function will not diverge, as it should, at the critical point unless diagrams which contribute only at k {sup +} = 0 are properly included. This analysis shows in a simple way how the k {sup +} = 0 region cannot be ignored even for connected diagrams. This phenomenon is expected to occur in higher dimensional gauge theories starting at two loop order in light-cone perturbation theory.


This article analyzes the implementation of e-learning technologies in the study of mathematics at Tomsk Polytechnic University. It describes research findings of the suitability of the e-learning technology for first year students of an engineering university. The research involved 248 students and 38 teachers of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The authors surveyed first-year students to check whether they are ready to learn in the electronic environment. In addition, the students and teachers were surveyed on the possibility of teaching a course in mathematics in the electronic environment and on the preferred mode of learning: web-based instruction, blended learning, or full e-learning. The research identified the main difficulties when working with e-learning courses as well as the optimal form of e-learning for the study of mathematics.


Abstract

Introduction: FNAC is an essential part of the triple assessment method of preoperative evaluation of breast lumps or masses. So the aim of our present study is evaluation of the accuracy and effectiveness of FNAC for classification of breast lumps in our institute.

Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College & Hospital-Junagadh (Gujarat, India) from January 2017 to December 2018. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in order to select the cases for the present study. Necessary and relevant data was statistically evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, FPR, FNR and overall diagnostic accuracy. Kappa statistics and Chi-square tests were applied for further statistical significance.

Results: Out of 215 cases of breast lumps that underwent FNAC, a total number of 145 cases were evaluated and classified into five categories from unsatisfactory (C1) to Malignant (C5). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, FPR, FNR and overall diagnostic accuracy were 90.90%, 98.68%, 1.37%, 9.09%, 96.77%, 96.15% & 96.33% respectively.

Conclusion: On the basis of FNAC reports, we can classify breast lesions into various categories from C1 to C5 and these cytological categories show a statistically significant correlation with final diagnoses given in subsequent histopathology reports.

Keywords: Breast lumps, Classification, Benign, Malignant.

Introduction

A palpable Lump or Mass is the commonest mode of presentation of various diseases of the breast and preoperative evaluation remains always essential as a part of their management.[1],[2]This preoperative evaluation or assessment includes combination of clinical assessment, radiological imaging and a tissue sample taken for either cytological or histological analysis, the so-called triple assessment.[3]         As a part of this triple assessment, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC


This article aims to give notice about the existence of a manuscript from the 17 th century that copies the invective titled El tribunal de la justa venganza . This work was published against Quevedo in 1635 and its author remains hidden behind the pseudonym "Arnaldo Franco-Furt". This new testimony, kept in the National Library of Portugal, in Lisbon, is very interesting for the critical edition of the controversial text, due to its early dating and its suitable readings in wrong passages of the princeps. The Tribunal has been always edited according to a single document, the first edition, which does not seem to have been the model for the handwritten copy. Additionally, this unknown textual source contributes to draw critical attention to one aspect that had gone unnoticed until now: the possible falsification of data concerning the place and the printer of the invective (Valencia, "Herederos of Philip Mey"), a hypothesis still needed of further inquiries.


The development of PASSER IV, a practical state-of-the-art program for simultaneously optimizing progression bandwidth in multiarterial traffic signal networks, is described. PASSER IV is efficient and is being developed for use on personal computers. A user-friendly mouse-driven graphic interface that provides data entry and file management functions makes the program extremely easy to use. However, the main core of the program, written in FORTRAN 77 using structured programming techniques, is usable on virtually any type of computer. The existing version of PASSER IV determines all four signal timing parameters: cycle length, green split, offset, and phasing sequence. The program optimizes cycle lengths, offsets, and phasing sequences to maximize progression bandwidth. The green splits, however, are determined in a preprocessor using Webster's method. In addition, PASSER IV is capable of minimizing cycle length and can report signal timings for several alternative optimal solutions. Also described is ongoing research to enhance the capabilities of PASSER IV. This research includes optimization of green splits, optimization of two additional main-cross split (circular) phasing sequences, delay calculation procedure, and the capability to generate data files for TRANSYT 7F to facilitate fine-tuning of bandwidth solutions through bandwidth-constrained delay optimization. The final version of PASSER IV will be available in mid-1994.


Throughout the first 25 years of the NHS there were, at any point in time, about half a million people waiting for hospital treatment in England. Over the next two decades this figure doubled, and waiting times have become a subject of great public concern. Partly in response to this concern, the Government has launched various initiatives to reduce the time that patients have to wait for treatment, most recently in the Patient's Charter. However, despite considerable political, professional and public interest, our understanding of the determinants of waiting times remains poorly developed (Pope, 1992). In this study, in common with most commentators, we focus on waiting times for elective surgery. These are a complex phenomenon, being a function of numerous interlinked factors. It has rarely been possible to undertake empirical work within a coherent theoretical framework that permits simultaneous modelling of all the major determinants of waiting times. Usually, analysis of the phenomenon has been confined to unrealistically simple models, or of piecemeal examination of variables thought relevant to waiting times. It has hitherto proved impossible to examine the impact of one particular factor on waiting times while holding all other factors constant (see, for example, Yates, 1987). It might reasonably be assumed that the length of waiting time is related to the adequacy of resources for treatment (Sanderson, 1982). Indeed, in comparison with many other industrialised countries, the UK spends a relatively small proportion of its GDP on health (Yates, 1987, pp.30-31). However, claims that there is no straightforward relationship between resource provision and waiting times abound (for example, Frankel, 1989; Buttery and Snaith, 1979). Unfortunately, this view is usually based on simple correlations between some measure of inpatient provision and waiting times. For example, Buttery and Snaith concluded that "waiting lists are not correlated with surgical provision" (Buttery and Snaith, 1980, p.57) and Yates found "…no obvious relationship between a shortage of beds and long waiting time" (Yates, 1987, p.35). Findings such as these can be interpreted as evidence that increased funding would have little impact on waiting times and that more resources would simply induce greater demand (Pope, 1992); Roland and Morris, 1988). Indeed, some studies found no simple relationship between admissions from the waiting list and the length of the list (Goldacre et al., 1987); Henderson et al., 1995), although other studies suggest that the pool of unmet need might be smaller than previous estimates suggested (Williams et al., 1994). The common feature of all these studies is that – usually because of data limitations – they fail to model the system as a whole. Drawing in a comprehensive and previously unavailable dataset, this report seeks to contribute to the debate by modelling the interactions between factors relevant to waiting times. It constructs a model of the determinants of waiting times based on the demand for and supply of NHS inpatient health care. This framework permits us to move towards a more comprehensive analysis, in which the links between resource levels, utilisation rates and delayed access to health care can be modelled (Frankel, 1993, p.45). Although the model we present can be used to analyse the direct impact that an increase in provision is likely to have on waiting times, it can also be used to estimate the magnitude of any indirect demand effect induced by reduced waiting times.


Financial performance is one of the important factors in the company. Good financial performance can be assessed from the results of the analysis that obtain a percentage in accordance with the standards that have been set. the results of the analysis can assist cooperatives in making appropriate plans and policies in achieving the vision and mission of the cooperative. The research aims to analyze the level of financial performance movement and the health of cooperatives based on the liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, activity ratio and profitability ratio with period from 2018-2020 in accordance with the Regulation of the State Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia number 06/Per/M/KUKM/V/2006. This research uses a qualitative approach. The results showed that the liquidity ratio is measured using the current ratio and the quick ratio obtains a fairly healthy result because the cooperative is able to guarantee the payment of its current debt. The solvability ratio is measured using the total debt to total assets ratio has fluctuated, where the assets are insufficient to guarantee the cooperative's debt, then measured using the total debt to total equity ratio, there is some less owned capital to guarantee the cooperative's debt. The activity ratio based on the total assets turnover ratio obtained unhealthy results because the sales results obtained were very small. The profitability ratio is measured using return on assets and return on equity has decreased because it is caused by a decrease in profits obtained by cooperatives.


In a sparse linear system derived from two-dimensional three-temperature energy equations, the diagonal dominan varies greatly from row to row and so is the magnitude of the elements. We provide a new scaling method to improve the diagonal dominance. As ILUT is used to the derived linear system, it reserves the number of elements in each row and several relatively large elements related to the photon are dropped due to the large difference among elements. To improve the equality of the ILUT, we provide a new method named multiple row ILUT(MRILUT), in which multiple rows are computed before dropping. The provided methods are embedded into a preconditioned Krylov subspace method to solve the actual two-dimensional energy equations with three temperatures. The number of iteration at each time step and the total computation time are both greatly reduced.


Although initial training is concluded by a driving license, such learning is insufficient because new drivers do not know how to contextualize the learned procedures into effective practices. Our goal is to improve the drivers' situation awareness, in which the drivers perceive the environment's events, the projection of their status in a close future. To achieve this goal, we use the association of cognitive sciences and machine learning to model the driver's behavior to make an educational system for drivers. This system aims to identify driver's risky behaviors in order to correct them and to improve driver's Situation awareness. In this paper, we discuss the reasons for associating two approaches: a local approach (resulting from cognitive sciences) and a global approach (resulting from machine learning), and we present the first results of this study.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various extracts of whole plant of Borreria hispida (Linn). The extract was prepared from the whole plant of Borreria hispida by hot continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus with various solvents (Pet. Ether, ethyl acetate, Methanol). All the extracts of Borreria hispida were tested for antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, Bacillus pumilus NCIM 2327, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 2079, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2036, Escheria coli NCIM 2065, Klebsiella pneumonia NCIM 2957. All the three extracts were comparable with standard drug (Ciprofloxacin). The methanolic extract was found to be the most effective anti bacterial activity against the entire organism tested. The minimum Inhibitory concentration of methanolic extract of Borreria hispida was found to the range 250 mcg/ml to 50 mg/ml on tested all the test organisms. This study scientifically supports the usage of whole plant as a remedy for various superficial bacterial and fungal infections in traditional medicine.


Animal husbandry is one of the important activities of farmers in the developing countries including India. Priority for fulfilling the feed requirements of large human population with limited recourses provides the greatest challenge for sustaining and enhancement of livestock productivity. In India 60-70% of the forage requirements for goats are tree browses, tree legumes being particularly important [6]. Browses are particularly important in extensive livestock systems, and become more important when the supply of alternative feeds is restricted such as during dry seasons and periods of drought. The term plant secondary metabolite is used to describe a group of chemical compounds in plants that are not involved in the primary biochemical processes of plant growth and reproduction. The function of these secondary metabolites in plants is to protect the plants against predation, infection or by restricting grazing by herbivores. Browse trees are well adapted to adverse agro-ecological conditions and are important sources of livestock feed in the tropics. However, most browse trees Role of Tannins on Animal Performance: An Overview


Nowadays, various branches of industry are based on continuous processes. Therefore, efficient and accurate data analysis became crucial for maintaining control and optimizing the monitored trials. This paper presents a novel solution for in-situ analysis of complex numerical data. The proposed system employs mixed-reality technology to visualize data and enable collaborative analysis in remote locations. The system was implemented using Microsoft HoloLens and tested in laboratory environment, with its proof-of-concept version applied to solve real expert analysis task. After the experiment NASA TLX and SUS questionnaires were filled and demonstrated improvement performance and enabling more extensive analysis, including their spatio-temporal features.


A model development for regional airport throughputs is rather a difficult task to perform. It concerns a dynamic and complex system implying demographic and sociological development trends as regards the catchment area of a specific regional airport. These trends are a mirror of the regional industrial development and its transportation infrastructure level. The principal aspects consist in soft variables of extremely difficult quantification and forecasting. It is about airport commercial strategies, its competitive abilities, and its specific market position. This paper describes modelling of some of these aspects.


In recent years,a method to produce shape-specific nanoparticles which can load any cargo has become a hot and difficult area of research.This review starts with a brief introduction of the advanced nanoparticles,which can load any cargo.A novel method called PRINT(particle replication in non-wetting templates) can be used to design and prepare the templates through the low surface energy perfluoropolyether network.By the confined space of template,shape-controlled particles are fabricated.The method of nanofabrication and application in loading anti-cancer drug is summarized.The anti-cancer drug particles with different haspect ratios contributes to different drug release rates.This breakthrough in nanotechnology will have tremendous potential for applications in nanomedicine and diagnostics.


TO THE EDITOR: We report a case of rhabdomyolysis due to a probable simvastatin–clarithromycin interaction. Case Report. A 49-year-old man had been followed as an outpatient in a cardiovascular prevention clinic for 2 years due to familial combined hyperlipidemia. His fasting serum cholesterol level fluctuated between 275 and 697 mg/dL (normal <194) and triglycerides between 425 and 4098 mg/dL (35–150). The patient was a binge alcoholic, but reported abstinence between binges. He had been treated throughout with simvastatin, which was increased to 80 mg once daily. Six weeks later, the patient was admitted to the Helsinki University Central Hospital for muscle pain and weakness. Four days earlier, a general practitioner had prescribed clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for bronchitis. On admission, serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin values were increased and, on hospital day 2, reached their maximum levels of 43 200 U/L (normal <270) and 20 577 μg/L (<70 μg/L), respectively. Therefore, the patient underwent hemodiafiltration 3 times over the following 2 days until the serum myoglobin value had been reduced to 4763 μg/L. Simvastatin and clarithromycin had been discontinued on admission. Concurrently with hemodiafiltration, urinary alkalization with sodium bicarbonate was provided for 4 days, with a target urine pH >7.5. On hospital day 5, the patient was transferred from the intensive care unit, to which he was admitted on hospital day 1, to the general ward and was discharged after 14 days in the hospital. At his 2-week follow-up visit, the patient felt well and the muscle weakness had subsided. The CK value was normal. Discussion. Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality both in primary and secondary prevention.1 In general, statins are well tolerated, and serious adverse effects are rare. Dose-dependent hepatic enzyme elevations are seen in approximately 1% of statin recipients.2 Even rarer is the elevation of muscle enzymes, which occurs in approximately 0.1–0.5% of statin recipients and is also dose related. CYP3A4 is predominantly responsible for the metabolism of lovastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin.3 The myotoxicity of statins may increase up to tenfold when they are given concomitantly with agents that either inhibit or are metabolized by the CYP3A4 pathway, such as clarithromycin. In our case, rhabdomyolysis resulted from the myotoxicity of simvastatin during combined treatment with clarithromycin. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo algorithm revealed that this effect was probable.4 This accords with the findings by Kantola et al.,5 who studied the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin coadministered with another macrolide antimicrobial, erythromycin. Erythromycin increased the peak serum concentration of simvastatin 3.4-fold and the AUC at 24 hours 6.2-fold (p < 0.001). Although rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of statins is rare, this potentially serious and expensive complication might be avoided by better awareness of drug– drug interactions among physicians, pharmacists, and patients.


We assess for the first time the performance of a clock recovery scheme when the input data is affected by signal jitter, corresponding to random deviations of the digital pulse positions, which can be encountered in high speed optical digital systems. An analytic expression for the RMS jitter on the recovered clock is obtained as function of the system parameters and the signal jitter characteristic function. Theoretical results show that signal jitter can degrade significantly the clock recovery performance. This leads to careful re-optimisation of the timing extraction operation to accommodate appropriately this impairment.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore the preparedness of a UK Registered Social Landlord (RSL) for current and future flooding. It examines the understanding of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity amongst senior managers responsible for approximately 4,000 homes and tests the organisation's contingency planning against a range of flood scenarios. The paper then examines the problems of integrating future adaptation plans into built asset management strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of existing datasets, field surveys, workshops, formal meetings, document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used to develop and test the impact of a series of flooding scenarios on the physical performance of the organisation's domestic properties and on the effectiveness of their contingency/adaptation plans. Findings – Whilst individuals within the RSL had a broad understanding of vulnerability and resilience to flooding; and the organisation possessed the management attributes normally...


1. Athysanus Anthracinus, n. sp. Head shorter and more rounded before than in plutonius, closely punctured. Vertex ⅓ longer on the middle than next the eye, sloping and strongly rounded to the base of the front, median carina very feeble; ocelli and two dots on the hind margin fulvous.


The principle of trichotomy from the American philosopher Charles S. Peirce can be used to categorize processes into the triad of transactional, relational, and informational. The usefulness of these categories is explicated by a comparison with structuration theory and control theory, and elaborated with a consideration of democracy in a knowledge economy. These three example applications of the process triad show the generality of the conceptual categories and provide a natural way of bringing ideas from social and ethical theories into information systems design. Modeling the world and understanding business applications through the use of the Trichotomy of Processes should facilitate the development of more valuable information systems.


We have developed a high-repetition, 1-W, and 70 fs regenerative amplifier system. The stable operation was obtained due to a seeding fiber laser, a compact folded cavity, and a green pump source built by ourselves.


With the method of documentary,the article takes the development of the Chinese Wushu as research object,cultural identification as correspond point.After discussing the cultural identification as a kind of strength that glues the Chinese Wushu,the article analyzes internal and external causes of Wushu's development predicament.The study thinks: Along with change of the society,the original existence environment took place huge variety,Wushu old function and value is covered by culture change that is important cause inducing identity crisis;the impact of the western athletics to Wushu and imitation to the western is outside cause of Wushu predicament.The article points out finally: At the background of the athletics globalization,we should initiate dialogue of cultural;carry on the exportation of the culture;but shouldn't be filled with old feeling knot of bosom to own cultural tradition excessively.


Kupffer cells are resident macrophages in the adult liver, located in the lumen of hepatic sinusoids. They play an important role in homeostasis and the immune defense system. Kupffer cells engulf and breakdown a variety of substances, including erythrocytes, dead cells, microorganisms, endotoxins, immune complexes,and chemicals. Kupffer cells also generate various products, including cytokines, prostanoids, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen intermediates, these factors regulate the phenotypes of other immune cells, such as natural killer T cells. We previously demonstrated the rapid accumulation of circulating platelets in the liver after lipopolysaccahride injection in mice. After the direct contact of platelets with developing cell processes of Kupffer cells, some platelets migrate into hepatocytes, preventing the development of acute hepatitis in mice. At the fetal stage, Kupffer cells are also involved in erythropoiesis in the liver. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption. The injection of NBP induces a shift in erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to the liver of splenectomized mice by the depletion of bone marrow resident macrophages. Kupffer cells express several adhesion molecules to support erythropoiesis in such an emergency. This evidence demonstrates the functional diversity of Kupffer cells and may help to clarify the physiological and pathological role of Kupffer cells in humans. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Masanori Nakamura, Hirotada Otsuka, Hideki Yagi et al. 330


The question of discourse, and the manner in which it shapes our epistemology and understanding of organization, are central to an expanded realm of organizational analysis. It is one which recognizes that the modern world we live in and the social artefacts we rely upon to successfully negotiate our way through life, are always already institutionalized effects of primary organizational impulses. Social objects and phenomena such as 'the organization', 'the economy', 'the market' or even 'stakeholders' or 'the weather', do not have a straightforward and unproblematic existence independent of our discursively-shaped understandings. Instead, they have to be forcibly carved out of the undifferentiated flux of raw experience and conceptually fixed and labelled so that they can become the common currency for communicational exchanges. Modern social reality, with its all-too-familiar features, has to be continually constructed and sustained through such aggregative discursive acts of reality-construction. The idea that reality, as we know it, is socially constructed, has become an accepted truth. What is less commonly understood is how this reality gets constructed in the first place and what sustains it. For the philosopher William James, our social reality is always already an abstraction. Our lifeworld is an undifferentiated flux of fleeting sense-impressions and it is out of this brute aboriginal flux of lived experience that attention carves out and conception names: