The invention provides a musical notation system wherein equal sized pitch intervals are represented by equal sized vertical displacements on a musical staff irrespective of the key or transportation of a musical sequence. A clef symbol and diatonic scale indicators are used to indicate the positions of diatonic pitches on the staff. A moveable Do solfa system is preferred so that musical sequences remain unchanged under transposition. The staff is easily adaptable to display various equal tempered (ET) subdivisions of the octave including 12-ET, 17-ET and 19-ET tuning systems. A system of chord notation and an isomorphic transposing keyboard is also described and claimed.


or over 20 years, the composition, delivery and importance of primary care have been the subject F of quickening international reform. In 1993, the United Kingdom government announced a "primary care-led" National Health Service, underpinned by primary care commissioning and general practitioner fundholding, both vehicles to allow local primary care clinicians to influence government purchasing of health services for their community. In 2001, New Zealand introduced its primary health organisations, delivering comprehensive primary health services to enrolled populations either directly or through provider members. In 2007, the United States described the patient-centered medical home — an approach now linked with provider accountability, care analytics, and a focus on population health and the Affordable Care Act, often referred to as ObamaCare. This was signed into US law in March 2010 and aims to expand the affordability, quality and availability of private and public health insurance through consumer protections, regulations, insurance exchanges and other reform.


In this paper we collect some concepts about viability theory that we can use in order to obtain some results for the existence of solutions (and, in many cases, extremal solutions) of discontinuous differential equations. Concretely, we show in this way some results for initial value problems, given in [1], functional value problems, given in [2], and we also give a new result for impulsive problems.


understand why she was prepared to risk life and limb over such issues. She and her sister Verity had invaded a rugby game in Sydney and had been dragged from the field. (A two-year correspondence ensued between the two.) The Australian government let it be known that it would be best if the ACB cancelled the tour so it would not be seen as giving into protesters. The ACB agreed, and so began a worldwide process of boycotting South African sporting teams, and the eventual demise of apartheid. In Pitched Battle Larry Writer provides a descriptive chronological account of these events. He combines contemporary documents, newspaper stories of events and interviews with the Rugby Seven, Meredith Burgmann and other AAM activists. It is a warts-and-all account of events. It doesn't shy away from some of the nefarious activities of protestors and the unprovoked violence by police and others against protesters. Its great strength is to capture the spirit of the times. Pitched Battle delves into a unique example of generational conflict which engulfed and subsequently changed Australia. Initially fuelled by opposition to Australia's involvement in the Viet Nam war, a significant proportion of the post-war baby boom generation were not prepared to defer to their elders and accept what they were told. They would stand up and be counted on what they regarded as matters of principle and conscience. Apartheid in South Africa was one such issue. And on this issue they were successful. They helped right one of the world's greatest wrongs.


Portable electronic devices which are ultrathin, lightweight and even able to roll-up have attracted much attention. Herein, we report the design of flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors by using two NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays supported on Ni foams as the electrodes. The as-fabricated symmetric supercapacitors have excellent electrochemical performance with a high cell areal capacitance of 161 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Good electrochemical performance stability over 3000 cycles was obtained even when the device was under harsh mechanical conditions including both twisted and bent states. As-fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitors could be charged and power a commercial light-emitting-diode, demonstrating their feasibility as an efficient energy storage component and self-powered micro/nano-system. In addition, we were able to grow NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays on many kinds of flexible substrates, including nickel foam, carbon cloth, Ti foil and polytetrafluoroethylene tape. Our work here opens up opportunities for the device configuration for energy-storage devices in the future wearable electronic area and many other flexible, lightweight and high performance functional nanoscale devices.


The circuit topology of dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) without series transformer is introduced.Analyses and research on the startup transient resonance problem of DVR are carried out.The principles of IGBT over current and distortion on output voltage are described.The restraint methods are proposed based on the designed output filter and control strategy.The simulation and experimental results prove that the resonance during the startup transient of DVR is effectively con-trolled by resonance damping controller.


will have cochleovestibular symptoms. With the scattered and isolated nature of diving throughout the world, adequately documented medical statistics are not always easy to obtain. Tribute must be paid to the tremendous amount of research in this field carried out by Carl Edmonds, Peter Freeman and colleagues in Australia, by DrRRA Coles, Surgeon CommanderD H Elliott and other workers at the Institute of Naval Medicine, and United States Naval and civilian authorities. In time it is hoped that the results of all their labours will reduce some of the dangers inherent in diving. At present, the greatest dangers await the inadequately trained or unsupervised diver when safety factors may be sacrificed through lack ofknowledge or finance.


Section 1 Theoretical Background: Introduction. Instability and Low Back Pain. The Deep Muscle System and Lumbar Stabilisation. Dysfunction of the Muscle System in Spinal Pain. Principles of Testing and Training the Muscles Involved in Lumbar Spine Stabilisation. Section 2 Therapeutics: Clinical Tests for Muscles Involved in Lumbar Spine Stabilisation. Methods of Facilitation. Training the Deep Local Muscle System. Training of the Global Muscle System. Treatment Planning. Efficacy of Treatment Approach.


Fracture of connecting rod is fatal failure in the engine RD process.In this paper,we will give an example that carry out all related parts of the phenomenon and find out the fracture reason with one by on method of exclusion.


Background : ARQ 092 is an oral allosteric, potent and selective AKT inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo activity in solid and hematological tumors. ARQ 092-101, the first clinical trial of ARQ 092, has enrolled more than 100 subjects with advanced solid tumors or recurrent malignant lymphoma. As reported previously, the dose escalation portion of the study has been completed and two dosing schedules (intermittent and weekly), are recommended for phase 2 studies. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for the intermittent dosing schedule is 200 mg once daily (QD) (one week on, one week off) and for the weekly dosing schedule is 300 mg twice daily (BID) (one day on, six days off). [1, 2] Enrollment in an expansion cohort at RP2Ds is ongoing. Here we report the results from 11 subjects with lymphoma/CLL.

Material and Methods: Subjects with lymphoma/CLL have been enrolled and treated in the dose escalation and expansion cohorts with intermittent or weekly dosing schedule at the RP2Ds. Tumor responses for subjects with lymphoma were evaluated based on the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma. Adverse events were evaluated based on the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03. Blood samples were collected for PK analysis. Archival or biopsy tumor tissue samples were collected for genetic analysis.

Results : As of 15 Jun 2015, 11 subjects with lymphoma/CLL (73% male; median age 78 years; 5 follicular, 3 mantle cell, 2 diffuse large B cell, 1 CLL; 4 in dose escalation cohorts, 7 in expansion cohort) have been enrolled and treated at initial doses of 120 to 270 mg QD intermittently (n=7) or 300 mg BID weekly (n=4). All subjects have received at least one prior systemic therapy (median 2, range 1-6).

Median duration on study treatment for all 11 subjects was 8 weeks (range 1 to 30 weeks).

One subject with CLL and two with follicular lymphoma experienced durable partial responses, respectively with times to response of 8, 8 and 24 weeks and response durations of 16, 8+, and 2+ weeks. The two follicular PR subjects, one of whom had an AKT1 (E17K) mutation, remain on study treatment. In addition, one subject with follicular and one with mantle cell lymphoma experienced stable diseases. Four subjects experienced progressive diseases and two were not evaluable for tumor responses due to early consent withdrawal and clinical disease progression.

| Response | Follicular N=5 | CLL N=1 | Mantle cell N=3 | Diffuse large B cell N=2 | Total N=11 |
| -------- | ---------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| PR | 2 | 1 | | | 3 |
| SD | 1 | | 1 | | 2 |
| PD | 1 | | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| NE | 1 | | | 1 | 2 |
| ORR | 40% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 27% |
| DCR | 60% | 100% | 33% | 0% | 45% |

Table 1.
Common drug-related adverse events (≥10%) included macula-papular rash 45%, hyperglycemia 36%, mucosal inflammation 18% and stomatitis 18%.

Conclusions : The safety profile of lymphoma subjects is consistent with subjects with solid tumors enrolled in this study. Preliminary signs of single agent activity have been documented with 3 PRs in heavily pretreated lymphoma/CLL including one with AKT1 (E17K) mutation.

[1] First-in-human study with ARQ 092, a novel pan AKT-inhibitor: Results from the advanced solid tumors cohorts. M. Saleh et al., Abstract LB-197, AACR 104th Annual Meeting, 6-10 Apr 2013. Washington, D.C. U.S.

[2] First-in-human study with ARQ 092, a novel pan AKT-inhibitor, in subjects with advanced solid tumors or recurrent malignant lymphoma. M. Saleh et al., Abstract 320, EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics , 18-21 Nov 2014, Barcelona, Spain

Disclosures Harb: Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Chai: ArQule, Inc.: Employment. Larmar: ArQule, Inc.: Employment. Abbadessa: ArQule, Inc.: Employment. Schwartz: ArQule, Inc.: Employment.


Statistical analysis number of prize presentation, number of prize winners, number of achievement awards, per capita amount of achievements as well as the winners' ages and nationalities who were awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry, physics, physiology & medicine, as well as the total number of the three kinds of awards in the period of 1901-2013. The causes of changes of Nobel natural science prize winners' nationality, age and per capita amount of achievements are analyzed. According to the reasons of the changes, it is concluded that to strengthen the scientific research investment, create advantages of scientific research platform, make reasonable personnel policy, attract and pool talent, emphasis on the development of young and middle-aged teachers, continues to expand and deepen international,exchanges,enhanceteachers'internationalizatio n level and ability to improve the quality of the teaching and scientific and promote the development of colleges and universities.


The utility model relates to a machine processing device, in particular to an NC (numerical control) horizontal spindle round table surface grinding machine, which comprises a machine body, an upright column, a working platform mechanism, a vertical feed mechanism, a grinding head mechanism, and a transverse feed mechanism; the transverse feed mechanism is fixed on the machine body; the working platform mechanism is fixed on the transverse feed mechanism; the vertical feed mechanism is mounted at the upper end part of the upright column, and is fixedly connected with the grinding head mechanism; an operating box is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the upright column; and the output end of the operating box is respectively connected with the vertical feed mechanism, the transverse feed mechanism, and the working platform mechanism. A servo feed mechanism is adopted as the vertical feed mechanism; the input end of a servo motor of the servo feed mechanism is connected with the operating box; and a screw rod of the servo feed mechanism is connected with a grinding head. The NC horizontal spindle round table surface grinding machine has high vertical feed precision as the servo feed mechanism is adopted; movement mechanisms are all controlled by the operating box, and one person can simultaneously operate a plurality of machines; therefore, the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the production intensity and the cost are reduced.


: In this scholarly endeavor, we delve into the intriguing dynamics of multilingualism and its consequential effects on the journey of mastering English as an ancillary language. Multilingualism can be best delineated as the concurrent or sequential utilization of a repertoire of two or more languages–a trend that resonates deeply with our progressively interconnected world. By meticulously examining both the extant literature and empirical findings, this treatise aims to illuminate the myriad ways multilingualism molds the English learning trajectory, pinpointing the manifestation of both constructive and detrimental transfers. The findings from our comprehensive research underscore that while multilingualism potentially augments proficiency in English, it can occasionally be the harbinger of pitfalls like syntactical missteps and lexicon disarray. Concludingly, the discourse proffers pedagogical strategies to empower educators, ensuring they capitalize on the merits of multilingualism to smoothen the path of acquiring English as a non-native language.


Summary. We examine the way in which measurements of velocity anisotropy can add to our understanding of upper mantle structure. Measurements of P-wave velocity anisotropy in a single plane contain very little direct information about the anisotropic structure. A promising technique is to fit the observed velocity variation with a mixture of an assumed anisotropic constituent and a proportion of isotropic material. Using this technique, mixtures of orthorhombic and transversely isotropic olivine are obtained, which are in excellent agreement with observed velocity variations in the Pacific.


"In response to a directive of the Commission. laid down at its last meeting, letters were written to all Senators and Congressmen from the five Upper Basin States, to the Secretary of the Interior, to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, to the Chairmen of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, and to the Chief of the Water Resources Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, in support of appropriations for an adequate stream-gaging program."


In 2007, Steven Avery was sentenced to prison for the murder of Teresa Halbach. What made this case stand out was that Avery had recently been released from prison, after wrongfully spending 18 years incarcerated on a rape charge. Advances in DNA analysis were used to prove Avery's innocence, resulting in his release. Avery quickly filed a lawsuit against Manitowoc County and former officials, whom Avery believed had framed him. In the midst of these procedures, Avery was again arrested for murdering Halbach. His nephew, Brendan Dassey, was also arrested and convicted as an accomplice.

The handling of the Halbach murder case was highly controversial. Steven Avery and his lawyers argued that they had he had once again been "set up" by his judicial adversaries. One central piece of evidence incriminating Avery was the presence of his blood at the crime scene. Avery's attorney's argued that the blood had been planted, arguing that the source was a test tube containing Avery's blood, which local police forces had access to.

But how determine if the crime scene blood was from a sample tube? The Avery tube contained ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), which prevents blood coagulation and degradation. EDTA is not naturally present in human blood, and the defense argued that if EDTA was found in the crime scene blood, it would prove the blood was planted. The results of this analysis has generated vast discussion on social media and elsewhere, particularly following the documentary Making a Murderer1, which describes the life and trials of the Avery family. However, tools of forensics and chemical analysis are often "black boxes" to non-scientists, and perhaps early-stage science students as well. Even for the most curious and inquisitive, it can be difficult to learn more about these techniques, as they are mostly described in often-expensive scientific papers.

Therefore, we would like to here describe the central technique used for determining EDTA in blood spots in the Avery case, namely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We here attempt to describe it in relatively simple terms. Please note that we will not discuss the judicial aspects of the case, but merely describe a central scientific technique used in a trial that has captivated and concerned millions of people.


A new method for quantitative interpretation of gravity anomalies is presented. The disturbing body is represented by a finite number of vertical prisms arranged on a pre‐determined, regular grid. The horizontal dimensions of the individual prisms are small enough that they can be approximated by vertical‐line mass elements at the axis of the prisms. Formulas for gravity due to one prism are derived and, for the case of Gulf Coast salt densities, plotted on Figure 1. Gravity due to the whole body is an algebraic sum of the contributions of all prisms at the appropriate depths and distances. This method makes possible the direct interpretation by successive approximations by introducing proper geologic limitations. All the numerical work can be conveniently done on a high‐speed digital computer. The method is especially suitable for features with predominant vertical dimension such as salt domes and igneous plugs. It gives at least the same, and possibly higher, degree of accuracy as the graphical dot char...


This paper focuses on the cultural and social consequences of the new forms of work organisation variously described as engineered workplace culture, flexibilisation, teamwork, employee involvement, quality circles and post-Fordism. Some celebrate the new form of worker this creates as a consumer of organisationally provided meanings. However, the choices are quite limited for workers in engineered cultures, and for the self-discovering subjects of consumer capitalism more generally. The language, norms and values of engineered cultures become internalised and dominate employees' subjectivity. Further, a sociological analysis of institutional structures of consumer capitalism, and engineered cultures in particular, points to how they encourage workers to develop moral frameworks that are individualistic, with little concern for other people. Simone Weil's studies of the workplace are used to argue that a culture that encourages an ethical orientation of respect for the other is at the heart of good work.


Abstract Human-wildlife interactions occur regularly at the fringes of urban development. These encounters are meaningful experiences for humans, who react in a variety of ways. The encounters tend to have an impact on the individual animal, as well. The natural resources administrative community in Los Angeles works constantly on several different aspects of controlling this interaction, but often the encounters spill over into residential neighborhoods. People living near the urban/wildlife boundaries often appreciate the opportunity for encounters but also the management techniques that promote safety. This article explores the developing administrative knowledge and theory of human-wildlife interactions on the urban fringe, blending in a discussion of the mythic understandings of human-wildlife encounters. The aim is to add a dimension to our understanding of a phenomenon of increasing frequency and concern.


State-of-the-art speech recognition systems are trained using transcribed utterances, preparation of which is labor intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a new method for reducing the transcription effort for training in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Active learning aims at reducing the number of training examples to be labeled by automatically processing the unlabeled examples, and then selecting the most informative ones with respect to a given cost function for a human to label. We automatically estimate a confidence score for each word of the utterance, exploiting the lattice output of a speech recognizer, which was trained on a small set of transcribed data. We compute utterance confidence scores based on these word confidence scores, then selectively sample the utterances to be transcribed using the utterance confidence scores. In our experiments, we show that we reduce the amount of labeled data needed for a given word accuracy by 27%.


A powerful numerical solution is presented for bandpass filters in rectangular waveguides. The filters are composed of cascading of perfectly conducting inductive obstacles with zero thickness: asymmetrical windows, symmetrical windows, or symmetrical strips. The problem is reduced to a set of singular integral equations, which is solved by an extension of Lewin's quasi‐static procedure. After the accuracy of the classical formulas for the equivalent reactance is investigated, the simple inverse formulas are constructed to yield proper window widths for desired equivalent parameters. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by designing practical filters having maximally flat or equal‐ripple characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 17–25, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10251


Acquiring knowledge about death and bioethics and cultivating bioethical consciousness are important for nursing college students. This study investigates the factors influencing the respect for life and will of nursing students. The study results found that the factors affecting respect for life and will of nursing students were positive meaning of death, death concern, death anxiety, and religion. The study results reveal that nursing students must understand the meaning of death and reduce death anxiety by improving their understanding of the meanings of death.


This article examines how new technologies will play an important role in preventing truck crashes. The author describes five new technologies that will help fleet managers protect their drivers and vehicles. They include: 1) skid control, or anti-lock braking systems, to prevent collisions, 2) stability systems to minimize rollovers, 3) automatic tire inflation systems to monitor tire pressure on trailer axles, 4) forward-looking warning radar to detect obstacles, and 5) lane recognition technology that alerts a driver if his truck deviates unintentionally from its lane. The author notes that these devices will not necessarily minimize the role of the driver; rather, as congestion increases requiring better skills, these technologies will aid drivers.


Based on the provincial substation Tele-video accessorial system construction example of Fujian Provincial Power Company,the paper describes the function,structure and key technologies of the system. It realizes the three-tier architecture which includes substations,regional monitoring center and the provincial monitoring center,uses the ways of plug-in and uniform communication protocol for the station access issue of different types of video surveillance mainframe and multifunctional equipment control mainframe in substations and last develops the distributed cascade streaming media server cluster technology to solve the issues of video streaming multi-transponder and load balancing.


Physical and computer models are frequently used at all levels of science teaching. In emergency and resource limited environments an affordable, easy to implement, and environmentally friendly model would be important for effective teaching. Here, we report on a homemade ball-and-stick type molecular model made from soya chunks and bamboo toothpicks. We implemented the model for high school and graduate level Chemistry teaching both in online and classroom environments. The end semester survey (n=206) showed the model is easy to use and made learning easier. Our study suggested that the model can be an effective and ecofriendly alternative to teach some of the difficult-to-understand topics in Chemistry and related disciplines in resource limited settings.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sodium fluoride in combination with pyridoxine hydrochloride solution on artificial caries lesion formation. Human enamel blocks were immersed and stirred in three kinds of solution at 37°C for 1 hour. The three solutions were as follows: (1) sodium fluoride in combination with pyridoxine hydrochloride solution, 900ppm of fluoride (F-), pH 4.5-NaF+VB6 group; (2) hydrochloric acid-acidified sodium fluoride solution, 900ppm of fluoride (F-), pH 4.5-NaF group; and (3) de-ionized water-control group. Artificial caries lesions were formed with demineralizing solution according to Moreno (1974), consisting of 50% hydroxyapatite saturated lactate buffer (pH4.5). Morphological examinations and microbeam X-ray diffractometry were performed.In SEM preparations, a large amonut of spherical crystals were deposited on the enamel surface after fluoride treatment. In the NaF+VB6 group, these deposits were thicker and the crystals were larger than in the NaF group. No crystals were found in the control group. Calcium fluoride was detected on microbeam X-ray diffraction patterns of fluoride-treated enamel surface. The intensity of the X-ray diffraction pattern of calcium fluoride was highest in the NaF+VB6 group.After lesion formation, granular or needle-like deposits were observed on the lesion surface in the NaF+VB6 group. This surface was smoother than in the control group, and demineralized surfaces were observed in the NaF group. The caries lesions of the control and NaF groups showed clear subsurface demineralization in contact microradiograms and polarized light microscopy. In the NaF+VB6 group, the lesions were unclear and thinner than in the other two groups. The depth of caries lesions was about 33 μm in the NaF+VB6 group, and about 100μm in the NaF and control groups. This depth was estimated by doing an EPMA analysis of SEM photographs of cross sections of the lesions. The microbeam X-ray diffraction pattern of the caries lesions showed hydroxyapatite in all groups. In the fluoride groups, the crystallinity of the lesions was higher than in the control group, and was the same as that of sound enamel.These findings suggest that enamel immersed in sodium fluoride in combination with pyridoxine hydrochroride solution could be protected from artificial caries lesion formation.


Research Support, or There and Back AgainChanges in the provision of support to Researchers resulting from a review of Te Tumu Herenga | Libraries and Learning Services at the University of Auckland 2018–2019


Eddington has considered equations of the gravitational field in empty space which are of the fourth differential order, viz. the sets of equations which express the vanishing of the Hamiltonian derivatives of certain fundamental invariants. The author has shown that a wide class of such equations are satisfied by any solution of the equations where Gμν and gμν are the components of the Ricci tensor and the metrical tensor respectively, whilst λ is an arbitrary constant. For a V4 this applies in particular when the invariant referred to above is chosen from the set where Bμνσρ is the covariant curvature tensor. K3 has been included since, according to a result due to Lanczos3, its Hamiltonian derivative is a linear combination of and , i.e. of the Hamiltonian derivatives of K1 and K2. In fact


An outdoor pot-culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of three natural clay minerals on the immobilization of cadmium contaminated soils collected from Daye County, Hubei Province.The effects of sepiolite, kaolinite and bentonite on the plant growth and Cd accumulation in Brassica Chinensis are investigated. In addition, pH value and available Cd concentration of polluted soils were determined.The results showed that the yield increasing effect of sepiolite treatments was better than that of kaolinite and bentonite treatments according to the changing tendency of biomass, although the three clay minerals could not significantly increase biomass of Brassica Chinensis.The three clay minerals could effectivley reduce Cd concentration of Brassica Chinensis.Sepiolite treatments significantly decreased Cd concentration in the shoots with a maximal decrease of 27.88 % , and bentonite treatments markedly reduced Cd concentration in the roots with a maximal decrease of 25.94% , while the decreasing effect of kaolinite treatments on Cd concentration was the worst.The application of sepiolite could significantly increase pH values of soils, and could markedly reduce available Cd concentration of soils.However, the application of kaolinite could slightly decrease pH values of soils while available Cd concentration of soils was not affected markedly.The application of bentonite could not significantly affect the pH values of soils, but could markedly reduce available Cd concentration of soils.The application of sepiolite and bentonite could significantly decrease the concentration of exchangeable and carbonite combined Cd, and increase the concentration of residual Cd on the other hand.Kaolinite is only able increase the concentration of carbonite combined Cd.In summary, the immobilization effectiveness of three natural clay minerals was in the order of sepiolite bentonite kaolinite.


In January 2012, President Obama released the National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security. International trade has been and continues to be a powerful engine of the United States and global economic growth. The many cybersecurity challenges facing the U.S. include one of which many Americans are unaware – the serious threat posed by vulnerabilities in the cyber supply chain. Of the many components – including hardware, firmware, and software – that compose a technological product, most contain elements stemming from a broad global market, making it difficult to ascertain the complete security of an end product. With the market for technological goods and components continuing to rapidly grow every year, and with everything from missiles to smartphones relying on these information products, the need for mutual trust cyber supply chain security has never been more critical. Enhancing the security of any national interests' technological supply chain must not destroy the wellfunctioning international market for technology. Instead of the two extremes of "intrusive government mandates" or "do nothing," the U.S. government is promoting development of private-sector systems for securing and accrediting technology companies that would allow customers – from the federal government to small businesses – to make more informed and riskbased decisions. Organizations of all types (business, academia, government, etc.) are facing risks resulting from their everincreasing reliance on the information infrastructure. Decision and policy makers managing these risks are challenged by a lack of information intelligence concerning the risks and consequences of cyber events (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley Act, HIPAA, and Gramm-Leach-Bliley ACT). They need to understand the implications of cyber security risks and solutions related to their information infrastructure and business. Risk management investment decisions, within the context of mutual trust among supply chains should involve: (i) a comprehensive approach to cyber security risk management, (ii) credible appropriate data needed to support intelligent decisions, and (iii) assessment of the impacts resulting from the various investment alternatives. Sound, rational IT/business decisions require a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of information intelligence and the likely effects of cyber security investment choices. As our dependence on the cyber infrastructure and their associated supply chains grow ever larger, more complex, and more distributed, the systems that compose them become more prone to failures and/or exploitation. Trusted Supply Chains values currency and relevance over detail and accuracy. Information explosion describes the pervasive abundance of (public/private) information and the effects of such. Gathering, analyzing, and making use of information constitutes a business/ sociopolitical/ militaryintelligence gathering activity and ultimately poses significant advantages and liabilities to the survivability of "our" society. The combination of increased vulnerability, increased stakes and increased threats make supply chains and their associated processes one of the most important emerging challenges in the evolution of modern cyberspace "mechanization." In their contribution DANE Trusted Email for Supply Chain Management, Joseph Gersch, Dan Massey, and Scott Rose demonstrate the need for trusted email in supply chain management. Spear phishing, forgery, and other attacks can result in data breaches, industrial and government espionage, installation of malware, and financial theft. DANE email extensions are then posited as a solid foundation for global trusted email. The IETF protocol 'Domain Authentication of Named Entities' (DANE) described in this paper has been extended from its initial goal of providing TLS web site validation to also offer a foundation for globally scalable and interoperable email security. In the second paper A Structured Analysis of SQL Injection Runtime Mitigation Techniques, Stu Steiner, Daniel Conte de Leon, and Jim Alves-Foss address SQL injection attacks (SQLIA) which still remain one of the most commonly occurring and exploited vulnerabilities. A considerable amount of research


This investigation deals with the delineation of neotectonics and its connection to the regional surfacedeformation in the Katwaz region (KR) located in the north of Quetta along the Pakistan-Afghan border. It consists ofrocks dominated by silicates and carbonates, were uplifted due to regional tectonics. In this study, SRTM DEM (90mspatial resolution) based Surface Dynamics (SDMs) of KR is analyzed to investigate the Isobase level (IBL), Relativerelief (RR), Topographic surface roughness (TSR) and topographic Slope (TS) map to constrain the active surfacedeformation due to regional neotectonics. It gives complete information regarding the lithology based erosional marginsand demarcation of neotectonic scarps and established the relationship between Strahler order streams and neotectonicsettings in an actively deformed KR. This study aims to delineate margins for geomorphological variations and to findthe effects of neotectonics. Another purpose is to examine the geomorphic parameters and to map active tectonicsdevelopment due to transform sinistral movement of the Chaman Fault system (CFS) in the context of the ongoingcollision of India-Eurasia. The resultant and generated surface dynamic maps (SDMs) were due to neotectonicdevelopments, progressions and orientations along with CFS and Suleman fold, and thrust belts (SFTBs). The resultsobtained revealed that IBL values are higher in the NNE, SSW, and central parts along with the CFS, and partially in theNW corner of the KR due to uplifted SFTBs. The active tectonic nature of SFTBs and TSR values are lower in the centraland northern parts of KR. The TSR values are higher along SFTBs and CFS due to greater vertical dissection betweenthese two active faults system. The DEM based SDMs are time-efficient and cost-effective for easy identification anddelineation of neo-tectonically active zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques.


Core back the stator core according to one embodiment of the present invention is fixed is press-fitted to the outer surface of the fixing member; A plurality of tooth portions protruding from the core back to the outer direction, the coil is wound that the magnetic flux flow of the magnet flows; The front end defining an outer end of the tooth portion radially outwardly; And and defining the length of the tooth portion, the body portion having a width that increases toward the front end in the core back; includes, and is provided with indenting portions projecting from one side of the body portion to the other side surface is formed concave, the the diameter of the width (Wmin) and a circumferential surface the indenting parts of the body portion connected to the core back (ΦD) and the width (Wmax) the body portion corresponding to the center of the indenting portion may satisfy the following conditional expression 1 below. [Condition 1] 0.57 ≤ <1.4


In this paper, passive mode-locking in Ti:sapphire laser with a coherent absorber cells with rubidium vapor placed in the cavity is demonstrated experimentally. For the best of our knowledge these experiments are the first time experimental demonstration of passive mode-locking based on self-induced transparency regime in the coherent absorber. Up to now, such a regime has not been observed experimentally and was predicted only theoretically.


This study aimed to examine and describe the impact of school principals' managerial competence on the entrepreneurial leadership of elementary school principals in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted in elementary schools located in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia, specifically in six sub-districts: Cipocok Jaya District, Curug District, Kasemen District, Taktakan District, Walantaka District, and Serang District. The study employed a quantitative method utilizing ex-post-facto survey research techniques. This research methodology was selected based on the identified issues and objectives, which aimed to analyze the influence of principals' managerial competence on the productivity of elementary schools in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the data collection process did not require any deliberate treatment, as the necessary data were readily available in the field and possessed by the respondents. Therefore, the collection of this data only necessitated the use of a questionnaire as the primary instrument. Upon completion of the research, it was observed that there exists a direct positive relationship between managerial competence and entrepreneurial leadership among school principals in the context of elementary schools in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia. This finding suggests that an increasingly competent managerial approach will have a favorable impact on the entrepreneurial leadership of school principals within the scope of elementary schools in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia.


Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) may be easy but powerful optimization algorithm relying on the social behavior of the particles. PSO has become popular due to its simplicity and its effectiveness in wide range of application with low computational cost. The main objective of this paper is to implement a parallel Asynchronous version and Synchronous versions of PSO on the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and compare the performance in terms of execution time and speedup with their sequential versions on the GPU. We also present the Implementation details and Performance observations of parallel PSO algorithms on GPU using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), a software platform from nVIDIA. We observed that the Asynchronous version of the algorithm outperforms other versions of the algorithm.


One of the prerogatives usually accorded a retiring President is a brief time for reflections as well as exhortations for the future. My reflections will be brief and limited to events that were visible to those who attended the 49th Annual Meeting of the Union in Washington, D. C, April 8–11,1968. The exhortations will be related to less visible actions of the Council during that same time, which need to be understood by the membership.

The Annual Meeting was a great success by any standards, and, when viewed against the conditions which prevailed in Washington just before and during our visit, it was no less than remarkable. Over 2600 people registered for the meeting, and all of them must have considered whether the meeting could go on, and if so, whether to travel to a city torn by rioting and under heavy military guard. Undoubtedly there were inconveniences as a result of the early curfew and other restrictions, but there was a good-humored acceptance of the matters that were out of our control. Most of us were captives in the hotel, but this was not without its benefits.


The invention relates to a shell of a differential speed variator for an automobile. The shell of the differential speed variator for the automobile comprises a box cover and a box body. The box cover and the box body are fastened together and are locked through a bolt and nut component. A power input hole and power output hole are formed in the box cover. An annular boss and an annular rib are arranged with the power input hole as the center of a circle, and the diameter of the annular boss is smaller than that of the annular rib. Strip-shaped ribs which are distributed in a divergent shape are further arranged with the power output hole serving as the center of a circle. The inner side end of each strip-shaped rib is connected to the first annular boss. The outer side ends of part of strip-shaped ribs stretch out of the annular rib, and the outer side ends of the rest strip-shaped ribs are connected with a positioning column arranged on the annular rib. The number of the strip-shaped ribs at one side close to the power input hole is larger than that of the strip-shaped ribs at one side far away from the power input hole. The parts, located between the annular rib and the annular boss, of the strip-shaped ribs are coplanar with the annular rib and the annular boss. The depths of the parts, located outside the annular rib, of the strip-shaped ribs are decreased gradually until the parts are flushed with the box cover. The intensity of the power input hole and the power outlet hole of the box cover are increased, and the box cover can bear a comparatively large torque when the differential speed variator for the automobile works.


Quantitative and qualitative information such as should result from a test programme is discussed and the ways in which this is related to obtain identification of an aquifer and its ground water coefficients. Examples are taken from typical field results in both confined and unconfined aquifers. A review is made of some problems that arise in testing wells and common anomalies than can distort both test and supply well results. Significant aspects of time and distance-drawdown curves are mentioned and their application to obtain predicted performance for well output rates, together with projects to establish recharge directions and origins, interference between wells, the estimated yield of a given well, and an indication of aquifer capacities within a given area. An application of test results to well design and performance parameters which are the bases of construction practice is given together with a brief survey of different types of water well specification. Some comments are also made on how the form of the latter may be related to end objectives and use of a particular programme undertaken; together with observation on overseas standards.


More hemiplegia patients tend to use equipment for rehabilitation training due to the lack of physical therapists and the low effect of manual training. Nowadays, lower limb rehabilitation training devices for patients in grade 2 of the Medical Research Council (MRC-2) scale are still scarce and have some issues of poor autonomy and cannot relieve the muscle weakness of patients. To address these problems, a prototype based on gravity balance was designed with the combination of springs and linkages to enable patients to passively experience the rehabilitation training in the state of balancing the gravity of lower limbs. The motion of the mechanism was analyzed to obtain the functional relation between the motor rotation angle and the joints' angle. Based on the principle of constant potential energy, a gravity balance mathematical model of the device was established, analyzed, and simulated. Moreover, through the training experiment, the results show that when subjects in three different weights were trained under the rehabilitation device with and without gravity balance, the required torques of the motor and EMG signal strength of the knee and hip joints decreased by a degree of significance, which verified the effectiveness of the device's gravity balancing characteristics for MRC-2 patients.


Classical voting rules output a winning alternative (or a nonempty set of tied alternatives). Social welfare functions output a ranking over alternatives. There are many practical situations where we have to output a different structure than a winner or a ranking: for instance, a ranked or non-ranked set of $k$ winning alternatives, or an ordered partition of alternatives. We define three classes of such aggregation functions, whose output can have any structure we want; we focus on aggregation functions that output dominating chains, dominating subsets, and dichotomies. We address the computation of our rules, and start studying their normative properties by focusing on a generalisation of Condorcet-consistency.


This article reviews the bioinspired design and characterization techniques of the different types of micro/nanomotors and their biomedical applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.


Mediclinic and Stellenbosch University have successfully piloted the first standardised rotation of 4th- and 5th-year medical students through a private hospital – and plan to quadruple the intake to broaden the inadequate national training platform and diversify student disease profile exposure.


Analysing the urinary estriol and progesterone of one adult Phayre's langur kept under artificial circumstance by RIA,meanwhile observing this female and its spouse's activities,we have found that embracing,grooming,approaching,showing and smelling were important communicative methods between them.The rate of approaching,showing and smelling became higher when the level of urinary estriaol reached the maxium,which displayed the fertility expectation of Phayre's langur that was the instinct to increase the number of offspring showed by animals' behaviors.When this female was pregnant and their fertility expectation was met,the rate of showing and smelling decreased and that of embracing,grooming rose.


The neutralization of the Black Sea was, perhaps, the most important single result of the Crimean War. Regarded by the western allies as a valuable new element in the security of Turkey, it was resented by the Russians as an intolerable insult to their national honour. It rapidly became the object of a diplomatic struggle. Whilst allied—and especially British—diplomacy watched with a jealous eye over its observance, the Russian Government left no stone unturned to secure its early abrogation. With treaty revision the principal object of Russian diplomacy, any European issue between 1856 and 1870 regardless of its origin, became entangled in some form or other with the Black Sea Question. On more than one occasion, the problem forced itself on the attention of the cabinets.


In practical applications, it is usually assumed that the wave spectrum is of a single mode form, and well modelled by a JONSWAP or Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. This assumption is of a reasonable accuracy for severe sea states. However, moderated and low sea states are often of a combined nature, consisting of both wind-sea and swell and should be characterized by a double peak spectrum. Bimodal seas can have a significant impact on the design and operability of fixed and floating offshore structures as well as LNG terminals. Although several separation procedures for the wave components exist the bimodal Torsethaugen spectrum is probably the only one well established in design work. This spectrum was developed primarily for one location at the Norwegian Continental Shelf (Statfjord Field) but in qualitative terms is expected to be of much broader validity. The present study discusses applicability of the Torsethaugen spectrum for locations outside the Norwegian Continental Shelf and uncertainties related to use of the spectrum.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Minna Yamamoto Name of the doctoral dissertation SO2 -ethanol-water fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of forest biomass Publisher School of Chemical Technology Unit Department of Forest Products Technology Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 124/2014 Field of research Biorefineries Manuscript submitted 6 June 2014 Date of the defence 26 September 2014 Permission to publish granted (date) 19 August 2014 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles)


The purpose of this study is to resource calcium ions contained in most industrial by-products, and confirm the characteristics of calcium ions by extraction and separation conditions. Calcium oxide was used as a calcium extraction source, and hydrochloric acid as an extraction solvent, and the extraction amount according to the concentration of the extraction solvent and the pH dependent characteristics of the extract were analyzed. As the extractant concentration increased, the extracted amount increased while the pH for the extraction was kept constant. In order to separate extracted calcium ions, an acid-basic solution was injected and the formation of precipitates and also the form of precipitates were analyzed. When the sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solution of acid and basic substances were injected into the calcium extract, precipitates were formed and separated into CaSO4 and Ca(OH)2 forms.


Objective:To investigate of laparoscopic surgical skills for the treatment of interstitial pregnancy. Methods:To analyze and summarize all the clinical and follow-up materials of the 8 interstitial pregnancy cases received improved laparoscopic surgery in Foshan Maternal and Children's Hospital from December, 2002 to August, 2004. Results:All 8 patients received the laparoscopic resection of interstitial portion of fallopian tube, during the course of which operators move the monopolar laparoscopic forceps carefully and slowly, in fact, bit by bit to electrocoagulate while resecting the interstitial portion, with the advantages of no suture, a shorter surgical time, less blood loss ,certain and satisfactory therapeutic effect and no persistent ectopic pregnancy etc. Conclusion:Compared with traditional surgery, this improved laparoscopic surgical approach for interstitial pregnancy can make the surgery easier and reduce blood loss during the surgery. And it is appropriate to be mastered by surgeons.


The rate at which energy is fed into the transverse waves due to interaction with longitudinal waves is calculated for the case of an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic, collisionless plasma. The met...


The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has brought about an enhanced attention on enterprise (corporate) governance. Consequently, information technology (IT) governance is also on the agenda as corporate governance and IT governance focus on related issues and the IT governance performance greatly impacts the ability of the organisation in achieving its objectives. Currently, many enterprises are implementing IT governance leveraging specific structures, processes and relational mechanisms. A crucial question is how well are they doing? In other words: how do the implemented IT governance practices rate? Drawing on Epstein and Roy (2002 and 2004) and previous work on the IT balanced scorecard (Van Grembergen and Van Bruggen, 1997; Graeser, et al., 1998; Van Der Zee and De Jong, 1999) an IT governance balanced scorecard will be developed in this paper. To set the context, we first briefly discuss the IT governance issues and the balanced scorecard concepts. After that, a balanced scorecard will be introduced as a performance measurement system for IT governance enabling strategies for improvement. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE IT governance can be defined as the organizational capacity exercised by the Board, executive management and IT management to control the formulation and implementation of IT strategy and in this way ensure the fusion of business and IT (Van Grembergen, 2002). Primary focus is the responsibility of the board and executive management, as argued by the IT Governance Institute: "IT governance responsibilities form part of a broad framework of enterprise governance and should be addressed like any other strategic agenda item of the board. In simple terms, for critically dependent IT systems, governance should be effective, transparent and accountable." (ITGI, 2003) To implement IT governance in practice, a framework can be deployed composed of a mixture of structures, processes and relational mechanisms (Figure 1). Structures involve the existence of responsible functions such as IT executives and accounts, and a diversity of IT committees. Processes refer to strategic IT decision-making and monitoring such as strategic information systems planning and the balanced Figure 1. Main Elements of IT Governance Framework scorecard. The relational mechanisms include business/IT participation and partnerships, strategic dialogue and shared learning. The optimal mix of practices is contingent upon a variety of contingencies and what works for one company does not necessary work for another (Van Grembergen et al., 2004). BALANCED SCORECARD APPROACH The BSC approach has been introduced by Kaplan and Norton (1996, 2000, 2001a and b). Their fundamental premise is that the evaluation of a firm should not be restricted to a traditional financial evaluation but should be supplemented with measures concerning customer satisfaction, internal processes and learning and growth. For this balanced measurement framework, Kaplan and Norton proposed a three-layer structure for each of the four perspectives: mission, objectives and measures. To leverage the scorecard as a management instrument, it should be enhanced with cause-and-effect relationships between measures. These relationships are articulated by two types of measures: outcome measures and performance drivers. A well developed scorecard should contain a good mix of these two metrics. Outcome measures without performance drivers do not communicate how they are to be achieved. And performance drivers without outcome measures may lead to significant investment without a measurement indicating whether the chosen strategy is effective. The BSC concepts have been applied to the IT function and its processes. For IT as an internal service provider, the generic perspectives should be changed accordingly. Figure 2 displays some examples of metrics of an IT balanced scorecard developed and implemented by an international financial group (Van Grembergen et al., 2003). The corporate contribution perspective evaluates the performance of the IT organisation from the viewpoint of executive management. The customer orientation perspective evaluates the performance of IT from the viewpoint of internal business users. The operational excellence perspective provides the performance of the IT processes from the viewpoint of IT management. The future perspective shows the readiness for future challenges of the IT organisation itself. In recent publications, Epstein and Roy (2002 and 2004) have developed a board balanced scorecard. They see the board BSC as "an opportunity for companies and their boards to dramatically improve both governance and corporate transparency". Figure 3 shows examples of metrics for a board balanced scorecard. The financial perspective demonstrates how the board is contributing to success in the financial dimension. The stakeholders' perspective reports on how the board achieves ethical and legal compliance. The internal process perspective identifies processes to be implemented ensuring optimal board functioning. The learning and growth perspective captures measures regarding activities needed to develop and learn for the future. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in the book, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management, Volume 1 and Volume 2 edited by Mehdi Khosrow-Pour © 2006, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB12758 354 2006 IRMA International Conference Copyright © 2006, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. DEVELOPING AN IT GOVERNANCE BALANCED SCORECARD Based on the aforementioned insights, we will develop a BSC for IT governance. It makes sense for CIO's, executive managers and board members that through such a scorecard they can oversee the IT governance process: how well it is doing and how it can be improved. Figure 4 displays the mission statements and objectives for the four dimensions: corporate contribution perspective, stakeholders perspective, operational excellence perspective and future perspective. Corresponding metrics are shown in Figure 5. It is important to mention that the proposed scorecard is derived from literature in related IT and corporate governance knowledge domains and the researchers' personal experience in IT governance case research (De Haes and Van Grembergen, 2005, De Haes and Van Grembergen 2006). Further case research should focus on how these insights are or can be leveraged in practice. Ultimate goal of the implementation of IT governance is the attainment of the fusion of business and IT and consequently achieving better financial results. It is therefore logical that the IT governance balanced scorecard starts with a corporate contribution perspective. As shown in Figure 4, the other three perspectives have a cause relationship with corporate contribution: overall completed IT governance education (future orientation) may enhance the level of IT/business planning (operational excellence), which in turn may improve stakeholders' satisfaction (stakeholders orientation), and have a positive effect the strategic match of major IT projects (corporate contribution). METRICS FOR IT GOVERNANCE BALANCED SCORECARD The proposed metrics for the IT governance scorecard are shown in Figure 5 and discussed in more detail in following paragraphs. The corporate contribution dimension evaluates the performance of the IT governance process as articulated in three objectives: strategic alignment, value delivery and risk management. These three issues are seen by the IT Governance Institute (2003) as main concerns of IT governance. The main measurement challenge is within the area of strategic alignment. As an overall metric, we propose a weighted governance performance measure as developed by Weill and Ross (2004). This measure provides one aggregated IT governance performance score based on a self-assessment by business and IT managers regarding their perception on cost effective use of IT, effective use of IT for growth, effective use of IT for asset utilisation and effective use of IT for business flexibility. Strategic match of major IT projects, percentage of development capacity engaged in strategic projects, and percentage of business goals supported by IT goals are specific strategic alignment concerns. Measuring the strategic match of IT projects can be done through a scoring technique as introduced by Information Economics (Parker, 1996): typical scores are attributed from 0 tot 5 whereby 0 means no match at all and 5 a perfect match of the IT project with the business strategy. In the value delivery area, business unit performance measurement, refers to the business results of the individual lines of business. Indeed, the ultimate responsibility for achieving and measuring the business value rests with the business units (Van Grembergen et al., 2003). Alternative metrics for value delivery assessment are the traditional financial evaluations such as the return on investment, net present value, internal rate of return and pay back period (business value of major IT projects based on ROI, NPV, IRR, PB). A major concern of senior management is the level of the IT costs and their recovery respectively measured through ratio IT costs/total turnover and percentage of IT costs charged back to the business. Regarding the risk management objective, a high level of security and disaster recovery should be attained respectively measured by number of implemented IT security initiatives and security breaches and attainFigure 2. Example Metrics for IT Balanced Scorecard (Adapted from Van Grembergen et al., 2003) Implementation of learned lessons Knowledge management Satisfaction survey scores Employee satisfaction Staff turnover Human resource management Future State of the infrastructure assessment Enterprise


This paper presents a refined benefit assessment of applying the Traffic Management Advisor Multi-Center (TMA-MC) to meter the arrival flows into the Philadelphia Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) (PHL) and the New York TRACON (N90) when predicted demand exceeds predicted capacity. TMA-MC extends the time based metering algorithms of TMA, which are designed for metering within a single center, to be applied for arrival flows that require multiple centers for time based metering to be effective. The primary functions of TMA-MC were identified through a functional analysis, and a number of benefit mechanisms were identified by applying the TMA-MC functions to alleviate constraints in current distance based metering operations. Then each TMA-MC function was modeled and simulated in detail, ensuring that the most important benefit mechanisms were captured. The analysis in this paper improved on previous attempts to assess the TMA- MC benefits at PHL and N90 through a number of enhancements: First, by computing the benefits of TMA-MC time based metering with respect to simulated baseline delays as opposed to actual baseline delays, only those sources of delay that TMA-MC is likely to mitigate were accounted for. Current operations using distance based metering were modeled and simulated to provide the baseline. Second, demand which was modeled through detailed flow networks and statistical unimpeded travel times between fixes to generate undelayed estimated times of arrival at airports and fixes, was improved by incorporating wind data. Third, capacity modeling was improved by making the arrival acceptance rate a function of the departure rate. Finally, assumptions concerning how TMA-MC will be operated were refined, most importantly with regard to the periods of time based metering application when demand is predicted to exceed capacity and with respect to the assumed airport arrival rate capacity constraints imposed by TMA-MC. These enhancements rendered the estimated benefits more accurate, more realistic, and more conservative. By comparing the simulated baseline delays to the simulated delays under TMA-MC, the benefits of TMA-MC were quantified in terms of increased throughput, reduced delay, and reduced fuel consumption, for 15 days in November 2003. Each of these benefits was converted into economic terms, and the combined results extrapolated to yearly results. Yearly benefits due to the implementation of TMA-MC are presented both assuming an increased airport arrival rate capacity resulting from TMA-MC operation, and more conservatively, assuming no increase in arrival rate capacity over current operations. The sensitivity of the results to a number of variables, such as arrival rate capacity, sector delay absorption capability, error in meeting scheduled times of arrival, and duration of metering periods, is also presented.


In a cellular communication system a mobile station 8 performs radio link measurements for the serving and neighbouring cells and transmits radio link measurement reports to a serving base station controller (BSC) 4 so that the serving BSC can make handover decisions. The mobile station also transmits radio link measurement reports to a service node 108 in encapsulated form, eg in the form of short message service (SMS) messages in order to prevent the interception of the measurement report by the serving BSC. The service node makes handover decisions using the reports and parameters stored in a database. The parameters include a list of target nodes, personal subscriber profiles and service information including bandwidth requirements, quality of service requirements, access rights, priority and preference lists, congestion and load control related parameters etc. Handover decisions can be made at the service node instead of or additional to the normal handover decisions made at the BSC.


In the real world, some of us know a little about a lot, quite a few know a lot about a little, and there is a troubling minority that knows practically everything about hardly anything. That's in the real world. But when it comes to examining in the Practical Assessment of Clinical Examination Skills for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, we are all omniscient.

It takes a bit of getting used to. I have seen …


Well known job schedule problem is NP-hard in management and operating system. A few of evolution algorithms such as GA have been proposed to approach this kind of problems. At present estimation of distribution algorithms are the leading heuristic algorithms which overcome the defect of tradition GA and reflex more excellent property than others. In this paper effective of EDA are tested by the job scheduling problem and the simulation results are analyzed in details.


The objective of this study was to determine the residual efficacy of a several new insecticides against whiteflies on spring melons. Cantaloupe were direct seeded on 6 April 2006 at the Yuma Agricultural Center and managed similarly to local growing practices. Plots were established using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated thereafter using furrow irrigation. Plots consisted of two 84-inch beds, 50 ft long with a 7 ft buffer between each plot. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables below. The foliar spray treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer that delivered 26 gpa at 60 psi, using 4 – TX18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. A single foliar application was made on 24 May. All spray treatments included Dyne-Amic at 0.06% v/v. Populations of whitefly adults and immatures were evaluated at 7 day intervals. Adult populations were estimated by taking leaf turn samples (direct counts on the undersides of leaves) from the 5th terminal leaf on the primary melon vine of 10 randomly selected plants per replicate. Immature densities were estimated by sampling 5 plants / plot, where 4 leaves were collected from each plant from the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th nodes from the terminal on the primary vine. Leaves were taken into the laboratory where densities of eggs and nymphs, were counted on 2-cm leaf discs of each leaf using a dissecting microscope. Data for adults were estimated as numbers of adults per leaf. Immature densities were averaged across all leaf positions on each sample date and reported as immature numbers per cm per leaf. Yields and quality were measured by harvesting the total number of full slip melons in a 12 row ft area within each replicate every other day over a 2 wk period beginning on 21 Jun (7 harvest dates). Quality was assessed by estimating the percentage of harvested melons that were visibly contaminated with sooty mold on at least 25 cm of the fruit surface area. Insect data were summed for each sample date and analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance. The mean values were subjected to a protected LSD (P < 0.05) F-test to distinguish treatment mean differences.


With the dawn of the year 2000, there is much excitement about the new millennium and the advances in medicine, science, and technology that it will bring. History has taught us, however, that we cannot predict developments for the next one hundred years, let alone for the next thousand. In the 1800s no one could have imagined the developments in photography that would lead to the production in the 1900s of millions of small cameras available to the average consumer. Likewise, who could have imagined in 1900 that by the year 2000 something called the Human Genome Project would have been nearly completed? Yet both developments will forever change our lives and those of generations to come. How could we possibly imagine the developments that may occur by the year Z l O O ? Let us free our imaginations to think about what developments in noninvasive cardiology might be foreseen during the coming decades. A hundred years ago, William Einthoven had a dream to enable insight into electrical activity of the heart for widespread use in medicine. His dream was fulfilled during the past 50 years when both static (standard 12-lead ECG) and dynamic (exercise testing, Holter recordings, bedside monitoring) forms of electrocardiography became part of everyday clinical practice. This widespread use of electrocardiology was paralleled by tremendous progress in computerization, and today digital technology dominates electrocardiology. This past century has also seen terrific changes in the dissemination of information and communication. The birth of the Internet, optical fiber technology, and satellite telecommunications allowed faster and more reliable transmission of information all over the world. The use of digitized ECGs, ECG data exchange, management, and analysis are likely to be increased and improved. Consequently, there is no question that computerized technology with digital signal processing will be the mainstream of electrocardiology in the next century. The question remains, how far it will go? The ECG signal currently is acquired with 2001000 samples per second (sps) sampling frequency and 12-bit or 16-bit amplitude resolution. Should we go further in terms of time and amplitude resolution? Three-channel 24-hour Holter recordings acquired with 1000 sps and 16-bit resolution (already available for research purposes) require more than 500 megabytes of disk space. The digital 12-lead Holter system also is available, and the amount of collected data per patient could easily exceed 1 gigabyte. To be really useful, this increasing amount of information must go hand-in-hand with an improvement of efficient data management and fast telecommunication systems. Consequently, ECG standards (SCP-ECG, ISHNE format) and data compression techniques (MC-LTP, AZTEC, SAPA) become primordial issues. Various types of compression techniques have been reported: the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), Walsh and Haar transformation are used for multilead ECGs and provide compression ratios ranging from 3: 1 to 12: 1. It is likely that in the near future compression algorithms (based on wavelet packet, for instance) will allow a compression ratio of 40:1, with a low distortion rate. This would allow faster transfer of ECG data and increased capacity for ECG databases. Until now, telecommunication tools used in tele-


A 28 volt solenoid driver has been realized in partially-depleted SOI CMOS technology. The design features an n-channel high voltage MOSFET with an extended drain and a polysilicon field plate, and an on-board flyback diode, each capable of sinking 0.5 A of current and dissipating about 1 W of DC power. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) control maintains low dynamic power dissipation in the drive FET, while the externally selectable "pull-in and hold" function, which reduces the maximum operating current, helps to minimize the overall chip power. Saturation detection, current sense, and overcurrent fault outputs are provided to assist the system designer. The device was fabricated on SIMOX wafers with 340 nm of Si film using our 1.25 /spl mu/m CMOS SOI process with single level Ti/W interconnects and CoSi/sub 2/ contacts. Our Ti/W metallization, capped with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ for corrosion protection, has been evaluated to have a lifetime of /spl sim/16.7 years for 300/spl deg/C operation at 10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ (a 10% resistance increase was the definition of failure). The output power transistor has been formed with our standard CMOS process. Its gate dimensions were L=2 /spl mu/m and W=48,000 /spl mu/m, with a drain extension of 2.8 /spl mu/m.


orous silicon nitride ceramics have been a hot research area of wave-transmitting materials because of their excellent mechanical property,thermal property,and low dielectric behavior.In this paper,the preparation methods of porous silicon nitride ceramics were introduced.The recent research progress in the application of wave-transmitting porous silicon nitride ceramic materials at home and abroad during recent years were also reviewed.


Purpose ‐ The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of virtual learning environments in multicultural higher education of two different subjects: foreign language and marketing. Design/methodology/approach ‐ The paper describes the aims, development and results of an interdisciplinary collaboration project was held between two European universities through a webCT system, where students had to work on linguistic aspects and economic and management topics. Findings ‐ Univariate analysis shows students to have a great interest in the project. Different multivariate techniques determine a strong positive relationship between students' participation, implication and motivation in the project and their individual final grades in the course. Regression also proved that the more exciting and challenging the class activities, and the higher the student's active participation, the better the results obtained by the student. Research limitations/implications ‐ Even if it is an exploratory research that should be replicated in other contexts, both the qualitative and quantitative results seem to confirm the positive contribution of this interdisciplinary e-learning activity to the multicultural teaching-learning process. Originality/value ‐ Results support the positive influence of interdisciplinary activities in the students' performance and the use of learning methods that facilitate active and cooperative learning through audiovisual pedagogical resources in multicultural contexts.


While the coherent potential approximation (CPA) is the prevalent method for the study of disordered electronic systems, it fails to capture nonlocal correlations and Anderson localization. To incorporate such effects, we extend the dual fermion approach to disordered systems using the replica method. The developed method utilizes the exact mapping to the dual fermion variables, and includes intersite scattering via diagrammatic perturbation theory in the dual variables. The CPA is recovered as a zeroth-order approximation. Results for single- and two-particle quantities show good agreement with a cluster extension of the CPA; moreover, weak localization is captured. As a natural extension of the CPA, our method presents an alternative to existing nonlocal cluster theories for disordered systems, and has potential applications in the study of disordered systems with electronic interactions.


played a self-possessed and engaging Viola whose acceptance of Orsino was so heartfelt that their marriage almost seemed to resolve the racial tensions. Helping matters considerably was McKenna's Olivia, whose response to seeing two Cesarios was a greedily sensuous "Most wonderful!" that almost brought the house down. As a result, the play was just able to skirt the questions it raised but did not answer. It left a slightly disconcerting aftertaste, though, as Rubin exploited its Orientalist staging for its "exotic" visuals, and never fully explored the tensions of the setting. Other directorial decisions and design elements were more successful, if underused. The birdcages at Olivia's house were appropriate enough emblems for her repression, and played a surprising role in the final scene of the play. Brian Bedford's Malvolio was a thoroughly grotesque characterization, a monster of ego with a snorting, pig-like laugh who wore his steward's chain over his nightgown even though it brought him no dignity. His humiliation at the hands of Feste held little discomfort for the audience, who relished every grotesquerie in Bedford's performance. But Feste's song, a melancholy counterpoint to the play's Bollywoodstyle closing dance, was interrupted by a giant birdcage falling from the flies, trapping Feste while Malvolio looked ominously down from the upper playing area. The whirligig of time hardly wasted a minute before bringing in its revenges, leaving Bedford to take the last bow—Malvolio triumphans.


Low cycle fatigue tests are performed in superalloy K403 under strain controlled, at temperature 700℃. Experiment data is processed by Manson-Coffin method and results of life prediction are given. When experiment data is processed and fatigue life is predicted by Manson-Coffin method, Negative plastic strain often appears, and the results of life prediction are not as good as (designer's) request. In order to solve the problem, a new method based on Manson-Coffin method and stress fatigue(SMC) is developed, the results of life prediction are given by using new method at the same time. Results obtained by the new method showed that not only experiment data is used as possible as it can be used, but also the capability of life prediction is evidently improved.


The study was designed to evaluate (1) the frequency and types of cardiovascular complications caused by scorpion stings and (2) the effects of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality caused by changes in antivenom policy instituted in mid-1991 from an optimal treatment of none or 1 ampoule to the current mandatory dosage of five or more ampoules administered at point of first contact. From January 1992 to December 1995, prospective clinical and echocardiographic observations were made on 179 of968 cases of scorpion sting admissions who had cardiovascular complications. A retrospective analysis of deaths and of all cases of scorpion stings treated for pulmonary edema or cardiopulmonary arrest (among 162 admissions) in the two years preceding the policy change (January 1990 to December 1991) was also undertaken. Most patients in the preceding two years had received 0 to 1 ampoule of anti venom. In the prospective study, cardiovascular complications were observed in 179 (18.5%) cases. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were most frequent (72%) and included sinus tachycardia (56%), tented T-waves (29%), non-Q infarct pattern (17%), Q-infarct pattern (3%); supraventricular tachycardia; atrial fibrillation; and second-degree AV block and nodal tachycardia in one patient each. Echocardiography obtained in 48 cases within 24 h of sting was normal in 23 (48%) but showed abnormal left ventricular systolic function in 25 (52%), including all 12 patients with pulmonary edema. Serial echoes in 14 abnormal cases showed significant improvements in ejection fraction from 36.7:t 14.6% to 58:t 11.4% (P = 0.00002) with corresponding significant changes in fractional shortening % (P = 0.00033) following therapy. Interventricular septal motion abnormality was most frequently seen, left ventricular posterior wall motion abnormality was less common, and global wall motion abnormality was seen only in the more severe cases. There was a reduction in the incidence of pulmonary edema from 11.1 % to 1.2% (P < 0.001), of cardiorespiratory arrest from 7.4% to 0.4% (P < 0.001), and cardiac-related deaths from 1.8% to 0% (P < 0.001), respectively, since the new serotherapy schedule. All cardiovascular changes including ECG and echocardiographic, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary edema were reversible in survivors.


Two isostructural series with general formulae [R(H2O)6][UO2(CH2CHCOO)3]2 (R = Mg, Co, or Ni) and [R(H2O)6][UO2{CH2C(CH3)COO}3]2·8H2O (R = Mg or Zn) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The acrylate and methacrylate series of complexes crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system with the space groups P21/c and P21/n, respectively. The crystal structures of all the studied compounds have similar main structural units, specifically, octahedral aqua complexes [R(H2O)6]2+ and tris(carboxylato) complexes [UO2L3]– (L = acrylate or methacrylate anion). Despite this, there are significant structural differences between the two series that lead to the inclusion of outer-sphere water molecules in the structures of the methacrylate series. The intermolecular interactions in the acrylate series were studied by the method of molecular Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra and compared with those in previously studied acetate compounds. The structures of the methacrylate series of complexes demonstrate an important role of π···π interactions in the molecular packing of the complexes.


Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) of non‐keratinizing type are strongly associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). EBV and its gene products induce the synthesis and/or release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) from human cells and platelets. TGF‐β1 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, and many tumors are known to secrete it, to counter the host immune response. To determine the potential role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of NPC, 53 serum samples from patients with EBV‐associated NPC and 20 from healthy donors were analyzed for total and active TGF‐β content using ELISA. Serum samples for TGF‐β content were also analyzed from NPC patients at different clinical stages of the tumors. Significantly higher (p < 0.01) levels of active and total TGF‐β were found in the sera of NPC patients than in control sera. The ratio of active:total TGF‐β was also significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the NPC sera. Levels of this cytokine were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the sera of patients with advanced stages of tumor compared to patients with earlier stages. Furthermore, higher levels were seen in patients with relapsing than with remitting tumors; even higher levels were observed in NPC patients who died of the tumor. Our data suggest a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of NPC; therefore, it may prove to be a valuable biomarker molecule for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:396–399, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


EM-50 has terminated the effort to develop a full-scale low level mixed waste (LLMW) DETOX SM treatment unit at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, primarily due to reduction in the demand for large-scale, LLMW treatment facilities at selected DOE sites. The demonstration has refocused on small volume, problematic waste types found at many DOE facilities and sites. These wastes are costly to store and have no readily available treatment options on-site. Therefore, the demonstration effort has been redirected to design and construct a mobile treatment unit capable of treating such wastes. The project has been reassigned to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and is planned to test the effectiveness of the process in treating radioactive contaminated TSCA wastes. A comparison is made of the full scale and mobile treatment demonstration programs at the two DOE sites, identifying the common characteristics and differences. Special note will be made of the emphasis on the LANL demonstration plan elements that will greatly improve deployment and commercialization of the technology.


the production of polyarylene ionomer copolymers, copolymers of polysulfone, sulfonic acid and sulfonimide repeating units described herein is included as well as useful membranes prepared from such polyarylene ionomer copolymers, particularly as membranes in electrochemical cells, such as. As fuel cells.


Objective To summarize the clinical features of splenic space occupying lesions in children. Methods The clinical data of 6 cases of splenic space occupying lesions were reviewed. Their clinical manifestations, age, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results Three out of 6 cases were benign, and the others were cysts. The most common type of benign tumors was hemangioma, and most of the cysts were true cysts. The ages of the patients ranged from 9 to 12 years with a mean of 11 yrs. Five out of the 6 patients were treated with splenectomy, and the other underwent partial splenectomy. All patients recovered after operation. Conclusions The diagnosis of the splenic space occupying lesions mainly depends on the imaging examination. Therapy should be adopted according the type of lesions in the spleen.


LEA proteins are late embryonic proteins abundant in higher plant embryos. It has been found that LEA genes are a gene family and play an important roles in the protection of water stress. LEA genes have been identified in many plant species. These genes are transcriptionally activated, produce the accumulated proteins and metabolites and protect cell structure from stress damage. In the current study, a complete LEA protein structure model was generated so as to understand the mechanistic detail of its functioning. The stereo chemical quality of the model was checked by PROCHECK-NMR, Wincoot Software, WHATIF, ProSA and QMEAN servers. The model was selected, the energy was minimized and simulated for 1.5ns. The result of the study may be a guiding point for further investigations on LEA 2 protein and its role in molecular mechanism of plant cells. Finally, the QMEAN Z-score of -1.06 indicates the overall model quality of LEA 2 protein.


A general methodology has been developed for computer interpretation of medical images, based on an explicit anatomical model. A test system for analyzing posterior- anterior (PA) chest x-rays has been implemented. The inferencing and control system identifies the major lung structures in the image, and then flags any suspected abnormalities. Image and model data are transformed into a feature space where they are represented in terms of edge descriptions. The inference engine compares the image and model in feature space to label the edges anatomically, and check for normality. The control system schedules events within the inference engine and coordinates interaction with the model and image processing routines. The control architecture is blackboard-based, with a separate data frame for each structure to be identified. The anatomical model uses fuzzy sets to provide ranges of feature values which are considered normal or indicative of a particular abnormality. This allows the inference engine to give a confidence score and linguistic description to each decision. Mediastinum, cardiac border, domes of the diaphragm, ribs and lung outline have been modeled. Their automatic identification allows diagnostic checks such as the cardiothoracic ratio, comparison of right and left lungs to identify lobular collapse and inspection of interfaces in terms of shape and clarity. The inference engine provides simple comments on its findings, making it suitable for pre- and double-checking of images.


Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is reported to be an important factor associated with various dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, and skin cancers. However, this association is disputable and has not been clarified. Objective: To evaluate the status of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria, and examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and disease severity/activity compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 23, 34, and 73 patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria, respectively, and sex- and age-matched controls was conducted. Objective severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (eczema area and severity index) and psoriasis (psoriasis area and severity index), the urticaria activity score, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured for each subject. Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in atopic dermatitis patients than those in the controls (p<0.05). However, mean vitamin D levels in psoriasis and chronic idiopathic urticaria patients were not significantly lower than those in the controls (p>0.05). Furthermore, no significant inverse correlation was found between disease severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: The impact of vitamin D in these dermatoses seems to be overestimated and needs further study to prove any true association. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(3):209∼216)


Despite the growing importance of collaboration in research there have been very few investigations of the practice of research collaboration itself. The study we report investigated this practice by analysing 444 collaborative projects undertaken by staff in the Science Faculty of a New Zealand university. While the results support the sociology of science model of vertical collaboration up and down the academic hierarchy, we also show that significant collaboration now takes place across levels in the hierarchy, that is among peers, in what we call horizontal collaboration. This shift from vertical to horizontal collaboration has not been readily apparent in bibliographic studies of co-authored papers in top journals. One of the questions this study raises is the often assumed positive association between collaboration, research output and research quality, and the implications such assumptions have on the institutionalisation of research within the university. We end by suggesting that the shift that is occurring in the location of research from conventional departments to research centres within the university may signal an attempt to resurrect the practice of vertical collaboration.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of receiving Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) on the school performance of Brazilian children and adolescents in different age groups and in different regions of the country. The BFP, created in 2003, benefits about 13 million families in poverty and extreme poverty through direct transfer of income. One of the conditions to receive the benefit is that children between 6 and 17 years old attend schools regularly. The data comes from two sources: an external evaluation of the Center for Public Policy and Education Evaluation (CAEd) applied to students in public education and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) both in 2011. After a simulation to estimate the beneficiary families in PNAD, the methodology employed is the Propensity Score Matching that allows comparison of beneficiary families with not beneficiaries ones whose observable characteristics are similar. The results illustrate, by some indicators, the impact of Bolsa Familia on the school performance of children and adolescents after nine years of program deployment.


In every manufacturing process, cutting fluid is the key source of environmental pollution, with most favourable selection of cutting fluid for the green manufacturing(GM) being an essential for reducing the environmental pollution. The objective factors considered for the traditional selection are of two: cost(C) and quality (Q) but green factors also to be considered from the GM point of view. The aim of this research is to select the finest cutting fluid that minimize the environmental impact (E), cost(C) and maximize the quality (Q). This paper presents a new method, namely, multi-objective optimisation on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA). A case study of cutting fluid selection for gear hobbing process was presented to validate the proposed model. The obtained result using MOOSRA has been compared with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Decision Making Framework (DMF). The result shows that Syntilo 9930c is optimal in comparison with other.


Using the equivariant virtual cycle of the moduli space of stable maps to [C/Z_r], or equivalently, the vanishing of high-degree Chern classes of a certain vector bundle over the moduli space of stable maps to BZ_r, we derive relations in the Chow ring of Mbar_{g,n}(BZ_r,0). These push forward to yield tautological relations on Mbar_{g,n}.


The background of this research the problems associated with low learning outcomes of students in SMK Dhuafa Nusantara Padang. This type of research is descriptive correlation. The population in this study were all students of class X who are 45 students in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at SMK Dhuafa Nusantara Padang. Samples were taken using a random sampling technique that porpasif with the results of the sample 41 students. Based on the results of the study found that: there is a relationship between interest in reading books with learning outcomes Knowledge Base Mechanical Engineering at SMK Dhuafa Nusantara Padang. This can be seen in the correlation coefficient of rhitung = 0.440> = 0.308 rtabel. Because the count r> of r table, then the presence of a significant relationship, and can be received on the level of 95%. Major contribution is 19.4%, while 80.6% is determined by other factors. It means that interest in reading the book can provide a meaningful relationship in improving student learning outcomes. The better the students' interest in reading the book, the better the learning outcomes of students. Keywords: Relationships, Interests reading books, learning outcomes


Objective: To optimize supercritical CO2 fluid extraction process for reducing the content of estrogen in Ranae Oviductus. Method: The content of estrogen( estradiol and estriol) was determined by radioimmunoassay,taking average removal rate of estrogen in Ranae Oviductus as index,orthogonal design was adopted to optimize supercritical CO2 fluid extraction process with entrainer dosage,extraction temperature,time and pressure as factors. Result: Optimum process conditions were as follows: extracted 4 h at temperature of 50℃ and pressure of 30 MPa,with 35 mL of ethanol as entrainer; average removal rate of estrogen was 32. 12%,surplus ratio of 1-methyl hydantoin was 88. 7%. Conclusion: This optimized supercritical CO2 extraction process is stable and feasible,which has a good effect on reducing the content of estrogen in Ranae Oviductus and basically retains active ingredients for moistening lung to arrest cough.


Objects moving in water or stationary objects in streams create a vortex wake. An underwater robot encountering the wake created by another body experiences disturbance forces and moments. These disturbances can be associated with the disturbance velocity field and the bodies creating them. Essentially the vortex wakes encode information about the objects and the flow conditions. Underwater robots that often function with constrained sensing capabilities can benefit from extracting this information from vortex wakes. Many species of fish do exactly this, by sensing flow features using their lateral lines as part of their multimodal sensing. Besides the necessary sensing hardware, a more important aspect of sensing is related to the algorithms needed to extract the relevant information about the flow. This paper advances a framework for such an algorithm using the setting of a pitching hydrofoil in the wake of a thin plate (obstacle). Using time series pressure measurements on the surface of the hydrofoil and the angular velocity of the hydrofoil, a Koopman operator is constructed that propagates the time series. The Koopman modes associated with this operator are then used by a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the distance and location of the plate. The hydrofoil (or a bioinspired robot) thus acquires the capability to 'blindly' sense obstacles using time-varying pressure measurements.


The recent advancement of CT and MRI diagnostic techniques has enabled detection of small tumors existing in the middle fossa, temporal bone and infratemporal region. This has encouraged otologists to major in surgeries of the whole temporal bone, surrounding cerebellopontine angle, internal acoustic meatus, middle fossa and infratemporal regions. This study was designed to demonstrate how successfully lesions at these sites may be managed by otosurgeons. Access to the sites of lesions in our skull base surgery was achieved by transmastoid approach, by subtotal resection of the temporal bone, by translabyrinthine approach or transtemporal middle fossa approach, by transtemporal supralabyrinthine approach to the geniculate ganglion and adjacent regions, by approach through the temporal bone to retro-and parapharyngeal spaces beneath the temporal bone and by combination of infra-and extratemporal bone approach.


The mobile communication device and wireless network devices each of which may be joined, such as a wireless LAN or a radio access network or a wireless network provided separately opportunistic data forwarding. Between a support node receives a transmitting node and a receiving node comprising packet data units (PDU) of a wireless communication. Communicated to the receiving node to the transmitting node does not receive one or more portions of the communication, which will be known support node. Support node in its transmission opportunity may have sufficient air (OTA) assigned to the failed portion of the relay to the receiving node. Accordingly, to avoid such an error code more robust, longer emission distribution or the like, will reduce the effective data throughput techniques OTA resources, and provides the ability to more quickly adapt to varying channel conditions.