BACKGROUND/AIM
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent health problem representing a diagnostic challenge with high mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and alveolar dead space fraction (ADSF) in the diagnosis of PE.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
ETCO2 levels of patients with suspected PE were measured with a noninvasive mainstream sensor. ADSF of patients was calculated and PaCO2 levels were also obtained. ROC curve analysis was used to determine diagnostic values of ETCO2 and ADSF for PE.

RESULTS
The study included 159 patients. The mean values for ETCO2 and ADSF were 16.27 (95% CI, 14.52-18.03) and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.43-0.539) in the PE group and 21.57 (95% CI, 20.52-22.639) and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.32-0.38) in the non-PE group. The area under the curve (AUC) and the cut-off point for ETCO2 were found as 0.751 and ≤19, with 83.8% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity. AUC and cut-off point for ADSF were found as 0.738 and >0.443, with 67.57% sensitivity and 73.77% specificity.

CONCLUSION
The diagnostic value of calculated ADSF and noninvasive bedside ETCO2 for PE was found to be low.


Objective:To study the effect of Valsartan on the expressions of the PAPP-A,IGF-1 in human umbilical vein smooth muscle cell.Methods:Under the condition of ox-LDL of 10-5mol/L,HUVSMC is cultured with AngⅡ,and with the combination of AngⅡand Valsartan.Compared with normal cultivation without ox-LDL,the expressions of PAPP-A,IGF-1 are assayed using RT-PCR and ELISA.Results:The expressions of PAPP-A and IGF-1 that AngⅡ induces are significantly higher than those in other groups.The Valsartan group makes no significant differences compared with the ox-LDL group in the mRNA expressions of PAPP-A and IGF-1.The ex-cell expression of PAPP-A that Valsartan induces has significant difference compared with ones in other groups.Conclusion:AngⅡ induces the expressions of PAPP-A,IGF-1 while Valsartan can deregulate the role that AngⅡ plays,especially through the ex-cell pathway.


A study to assess the effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching on No-Scalpel Vasectomy among industrial workers in selected Industry Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. The research approach selected for the study was pre-experimental approach with one group pre and post-test design. The study was conducted among 30 industrial workers at Deepak Nitrate Industry Jeedimetla Hyderabad. Samples were selected for the study by using Convenience sampling technique. The data were collected using structured questionnaire. Which consisted of two sections. Reliability of the tool was elicited through internal homogenecity by using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient and it was found to be reliable r = 0.75. The pilot study was conducted on 5 industrial workers at APCPDCL industry Erragadda, Hyderabad. The knowledge levels among industrial workers on No-Scalpel Vasectomy the above average is 0 (0%) in pretest and it has been increased to 21(70%) in post-test. The average is 13(43.33%) in pretest and it has been decreased to 9(30%) in post-test, and the below average is 17(56.67%) in pretest and it has been decreased to 0(0%) in post-test. The overall knowledge score before video assisted teaching was (8.23%) mean with SD(1.25) and it was increased to (17.13%) mean with SD (2.44) and the paired 't' value was 18.25 significance at 0.001 level This shows that there is a significant difference between the knowledge level on No-Scalpel Vasectomy before and after Video Assisted Teaching. The results showed that there is no significant association between pretest knowledge on No-Scalpel Vasectomy with selected demographic variables.


From an international law point of view, the covid-19 pandemic could be described as a 'disaster' which has led to various calls especially from the UN system for harmonized international cooperation and global solidarity. This article focuses on the meaning of 'solidarity' in the context of international human rights, and elaborates on the implications of solidarity on the international law of humanitarian assistance in the current situation of the coronavirus outbreak.


The literature on the subject of concretions is somewhat limited in extent, and consists largely of descriptive rather than theoretical matter. It is safe to say, however, that distinct types present different problems for solution, and have resulted from divers combinations of chemical and physical laws. The forces brought to play in the forming of one kind may have played no part in the creation of another. Types vary to such a degree that a valid classification is difficult to prepare. Certain writers have made general classifications with reference to manner of growth; for instance, Dana2 employs the terms "centrifugal" and "centripetal" concretions for growths to and from a center respectively. The latter includes principally concretions of a geodal character. In a similar way the terms "excretions" and "incretions" have been used.3 There can be no doubt as to the occurrence of these two general types, but it has been supposed, in many cases, that concretions have originated only through chemical phenomena. There are exceptions, however, in which certain forms of rounded nodules have been considered as resultant forms of physical forces. Kindle4 accounts for certain concretions of the Chemung by pressure of rising gases of organic origin beneath impervious strata in a semi-plastic state. This idea was suggested by observation of Agassiz and Horsford on "raised hemispherical surfaces" in clayey mud near Cambridge.5 Kindle makes use of this theory to account for a band of undistorted fossils along the vertical and lower horizontal surfaces of certain of ' Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. 2 J. D. Dana, Manual of Geology, 4th ed., p. 98. 3 J. E. Todd, "Concretions and Their Geological Effects," Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. XIV, p. 361. 4 E. M. Kindle, "Concretions in Chemung of Southern New York," American Geology, June, 1904.


This article contains the analysis foreign estimations of legal regulation of the constitutional justice of the Russian Federation. There are entered in scientific use a number of archival documents.


Motivated by the need to hide the complexity of the physical layer from performance analysis in a layer 2 protocol, a class of abstract receivers, called Poisson receivers, was recently proposed by Yu et al. (2021) as a probabilistic framework for providing differentiated services in uplink transmissions in 5G networks. In this paper, we further propose a deterministic framework of ALOHA receivers that can be incorporated into the probabilistic framework of Poisson receivers for analyzing coded multiple access with successive interference cancellation. An ALOHA receiver is characterized by a success function of the number of packets that can be successfully received. Inspired by the theory of network calculus, we derive various algebraic properties for several operations on success functions and use them to prove various closure properties of ALOHA receivers, including (i) ALOHA receivers in tandem, (ii) cooperative ALOHA receivers, (iii) ALOHA receivers with traffic multiplexing, and (iv) ALOHA receivers with packet coding. By conducting extensive simulations, we show that our theoretical results match extremely well with the simulation results.


This note extends the analysis of imprimitive indecomosable economies (e.g.~Nikaido, 1968, 1970) to the case of economies represented by a decomposable matrix. Using graph theory we show that imprimitivity leads to cyclical production lags also in decomposable economies, although in such a case the property must not be referred to the matrix representing the economy but to its indecomposable sub-matrices along the block-diagonal. The structure of the overall flow of commodities depends on both the number of imprimitive sub-matrices and their imprimitivity index.


Simple questions in cell biology seldom have simple answers, but on page 405, Marshall and Rosenbaum provide evidence for a strikingly straightforward mechanism for controlling the sizes of organelles. Determination of flagellar length in Chlamydomonas provides a tractable experimental system for studying organelle size regulation, and Marshall and Rosenbaum found that an equilibrium between assembly and disassembly of tubulin at the flagellar tip can explain most aspects of flagellar length control.


Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease, which is expensive to treat and has serious but preventable long-term complications. It should be possible to optimize antihypertensive therapy such that the most prevention is obtained with the least cost. This optimization can be approached through adherence to current national evidence-based practice guidelines for the treatment of hypertension. Objectives The objectives of this study are: (1) to test hypotheses regarding comorbidities and prescribing in hypertension and, (2) to identify opportunities to improve adherence to treatment guidelines for hypertension. Methods The study employs a nonconcurrent cohort research design for hypothesis testing in incident uncomplicated cases of hypertension. The practice recommendations from the Joint National Committee on Prevention , Detection , Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure were translated into operational definitions of uncomplicated hypertension , relevant comorbidities, and drug class prescribing . Administrative claims data were used to classify cases with respect to diseases and classes. These classifications were used to test for predicted disease-class associations. Results Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) for significant associations include: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (5.88 OR, 2.57-13.43 Cl) and diuretic (10.87 OR, 4.70-25.15 Cl) prescribing positively associated with congestive heart failure ; betablocker (4.39 OR, 2.93-6.56 95% Cl) and calcium channel blocker (CCB) (2.70 OR, 1.88-3.86) prescribing positively associated with coronary artery disease; beta-blocker prescribing negatively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.50 OR, 0.33-0.75 Cl) and diabetes mellitus (0.56 OR, 0.38-0.82 Cl) ; and ACE inhibitor prescribing positively associated with diabetes mellitus (1 .73 OR, 1.38-2.16 Cl). Additional significant associations were found in bivariate analyses reported as unadjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) including: a positive association of ACE inhibitor prescribing in renal failure (1.84 RR, 1.11-3.04 Cl) and negative associations between diuretic (0.69 RR, 0.58-0 .83 Cl) and beta-blocker (0.62 RR, 0.50-0.77 Cl) prescribing with dyslipidemia. Diuretics and beta-blockers (38.8%) are not used more frequently as first line therapy than CCBs and ACE inhibitors (59.7%) in uncomplicated hypertension. Conclusions The predicted associations were largely confirmed, providing evidence for appropriate prescribing in hypertension. Analysis of claims data can be a useful method of measuring prescribing practices in hypertension. The details of this methodology and its limitations are discussed. The major opportunity for improvement relates to under-prescribing of diuretics and beta-blockers, and over-prescribing of calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors in uncomplicated hypertension. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank the Hawaii Medical Services Association (HMSA) Foundation for providing the data on which this study was conducted. The HMSA Foundation is a private grantmaking charity affiliated with the HMSA. Its primary activities include grantmaking, research, education and community service publications. I want to thank my dissertation committee for ongoing advice on analyses and revisions, and for their patience over the last couple of years. want to thank my family for their patience while I took more than 17 years to finally finish graduate school. Lastly, I'd like to dedicate this work to Albert Taubman with whom I originally started this investigation. He was a respected mentor to many students. I thank him not only for his collaboration on this project but for helping me to find my true career direction. I shall always grateful to Al for the fun that I have doing the meaningful work that he helped me to find as my


The construction method and construction technology of bolt-mesh supporting rapid combined excavating technique is introduced. Through the practice in V8-22090 transportation roadway of No.6 Coal Mine in Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. , 810 meters of advance per month is realized, which provides the foundation for the normal production in high productive and high efficient mines, and has reference to rapid combined excavation of the coal drift.


The aluminium and its alloys are widely used in marine applications such as ship hull and its components due to its lightweight and corrosion resistance. The aluminium alloys require special tool and skill to weld due to high thermal conductivity. A research vessel "RV Discovery" is currently being constructed exclusively using 5083-aluminium alloy for University Malaysia Terengganu and the welding properties were investigated. The aluminium welded joint specimens were prepared using the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding process by certified welders at different current and voltage settings. The mechanical characteristics of the welded alloys were carried out for tensile and hardness tests. Further, metallographic examination was conducted to identify and observe the various fusion zones. The results of these tests are presented in this paper. This study revealed that, the different welding voltage and current settings in which specimens were prepared remarkably affect the mechanical properties of 5083-aluminium alloy joints.


Adiabatic logic can offer significant power reductions in comparison to conventional CMOS circuits ([1], [2]). Although numerous architectures have been proposed in the literature for synchronous circuit implementations, not much work has been done on asynchronous logic due to the difficulties of such implementations. This paper presents a new adiabatic power supply controller for asynchronous circuits which attempts to improve on previous asynchronous adiabatic approaches.


Irrigation channels are crucial for surface irrigation. Any effort to save the cost of construction or maximize the conveyance also serves to improve agricultural production. Apart from irrigation, these channels are the major conveyance systems for delivering water for various other purposes such as water supply, flood control, etc. The primary concern in the design of channels is to determine the optimum channel dimensions to carry the required discharge with the minimum costs of construction. The present work utilized ANN to address the flow variability in the optimal design of the channel sections. A set of flow values are generated and corresponding optimal sections (depth of flow, width of the channel and side slopes) are obtained by solution of the optimization formulation. The data thus generated is used to train and test the ANN model. The flow data is utilized as input and corresponding channel dimensions as output for the ANN model.


ABSTRACT The South–North Water Transfer Project: remaking the geography of China. Regional Studies. This paper uses a technopolitical approach to analyse China's South–North Water Transfer Project. The project promises to channel 25 billion cubic metres of water a year from the Yangtze River northward, connecting four river basins, three megacities, six provinces and hundreds of millions of water users. The paper argues that the project embodies a particular, engineering-heavy approach to water management; that, even so, it poses fundamental challenges to existing regional structures of governance; and that it promises continuing detrimental environmental impacts in source regions even as it invites similar future interventions in China's hydrological environment.


Yttria-stabilized zirconia is currently used as an orthopedic and dental material, because of its excellent mechanical properties. In this study, we have improved the bioactivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia by a combination of electrical polarization and chemical treatment. The phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic ZrO2 after alkaline treatment was inhibited on positively charged yttria-stabilized zirconia surfaces compared with negatively charged and conventional surfaces. During polarization, some oxide ions move from the positively charged surface to the negatively charged surface, leading to an increase in oxygen vacancies on the positive surface and hence greater formation of Zr-OH when this surface was exposed to alkaline solution. The bioactivity was assessed by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid and evaluating the growth of apatite on the surfaces. The combination of polarization and alkaline treatment increased the bioactivity in vitro. (Received January 11, 2012; Accepted February 3, 2012) INTRODUCTION Since the late 1960s, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), especially 3 mol% Y2O3-doped zirconia, has been shown to be a biomaterial with excellent mechanical properties, and YSZ ceramics are currently used as ball heads in artificial hip joints and post-crowns in dental applications [1-2]. YSZ is however bioinert, meaning that no direct bonding of YSZ to natural bones occurs in vivo. In the present study, we have addressed this shortcoming by employing chemical treatments with the aim of increasing the bioactivity of YSZ. We have recently demonstrated that the ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) [3] may be polarized via proton migration [4], and that the polarized surfaces of HA enhanced tissue regeneration of both hard [5] and soft [6] tissues in vivo. Additionally, the polarized HA also accelerated protein adsorption [7] and cell adhesion through improved wettability of water [8]. Thus electrical polarization can have excellent chemical, biological, and biomedical effects. Another serious problem with YSZ lies in its instability due to a tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m) phase transformation at relatively low temperatures of (< 400C) in moist air or hot water [9]. These phenomena are usually termed low temperature degradation (LTD). Kobayashi et al. have reported that the annealing treatment of zirconia at 65-400C in water for a long time spontaneously gave rise to the transformation of tetragonal into monoclinic phase [10]. This t-m phase transformation in YSZ is reportedly accompanied by cracking on the surface due to the volume expansion of about 4-5% and degradation of mechanical strength, which can cause critical accidents in medical applications. It is crucial to inhibit the LTD of YSZ in medical and structural applications and also to understand the role of moisture in LTD. We observed that our polarization process successfully inhibited LTD in the chemical treatments of YSZ ceramics. This report details the bioactivation and LTD-inhibition of polarized YSZ ceramics and discusses the polarization mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yttria-partially stabilized zirconia powder (TZ-3Y, Tosoh, Japan) was pressed into a mold at 120 MPa. The YSZ compacts were sintered in air at 1400 C for 1 h. The relative density values of the sintered YSZ compacts were ca. 99.2  0.1 %. The sintered YSZ samples were electrically polarized as previously described [4] with a pair of platinum electrodes at 200 C in a direct-current (d.c.) electric field of 20 Vcm -1 for 30 min in air. The electrically polarized YSZ samples were treated with alkaline (5 moldm -3 NaOH at 95 C for 24 h) solution in commercial glass tubes. After chemical treatment, the samples were washed with deionized water and dried at 60 C for 3 h. The unpolarized YSZ with and without alkaline treatment were designated as O and YSZ, as the controls, respectively. The negatively charged YSZ and positively charged YSZ surfaces after the alkaline treatment were designated as N and P,


A periodic survey for the collection of foliicolous fungi from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, resulted into the description and illustration of a new interesting species of Tharoopama Subram. viz. T. livistonae. The new species has been reported from the leaf sheath of Livistona chinensis R.Br. which is described as follows.


simulation modeling, control, operations research, and facilities layout. and Integrative Studies for the Director the Actuarial Science program department. research include reliability and survival analysis and in particular, goodness-of-fit testing for recurrent events. Abstract This Evidence-based practice complete paper describes the experiences with a holistic Mathematics Enrichment Sessions, Freshmen Mentoring, Mathematics Tutoring and new Freshmen Engineering course that are implemented during the last five years at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville as part of our NSF STEP project. The mathematics Enrichment Session (ES) idea, which is a combination of the best aspects of Supplemental Instruction idea and PeerLed Team Learning methods, can be an effective way of supporting students in their first year of studies. The implementation of the peer-mentoring program that was originally envisioned as a residence hall mentoring program has proven to be more challenging than planned and modified based on our student characteristics and demographics. Online and face-to-face mathematics tutoring programs are implemented and their utilization levels are monitored. As part of the project, the freshmen engineering course is revamped and its outcomes are discussed.


Isolation and detemination of an allelopathic n-trans-cinnamoyltyraminefrom Oryza sativa L.cv. OM 5930 In order to find out the allelopathic effects of OM 5930 rice variety on the early growth of the two invasive weeds in wet-seeded rice fields as barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and red spranletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.), we extracted, analyzed and identified an allelopathic substance N-transcinnamoyltyramine in OM 5930 rice by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) as an allelochemical. Bioassay results showed N-transcinnamoyltyramine enable to inhibit the growth ofbarnyardgrass and red sprandletop at the concentration as low as 0.24μM. ED50 (Efective dose the concentration requires for 50 % of weed growth inhibition) of N-trans-cinnamoyltyramine on barnyardgrass and red sprandletop are 1.6 và 1.09 μM, respectively. This result shows that N-trans-cinnamoyltyramine may be used as a potent allelochemical for product development of biological herbicide to apply in sustainable rice cultivation system.


This article presents the guideline released by the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital COVID-19 Expert Group, that aims to help the clinicians caring for patients admitted to hospitals with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. This guideline includes classification of disease severity, makes use of the indications of a virological assay, of an imaging study, and that of hospital admission. In addition, protocol of treatment is also presented, with chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, umifenovir, oseltamivir, and ribavirin as possible medications, and interferon beta-1a, steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), tocilizumab, and convalescent plasma for severe cases. This guidelines also discusses details on ICU care, hospital discharge planning, and follow up.


This paper refers to a case of polymorphism in the desmid Micrasterias laticeps Nordst. It is based on material collected from an artificial pond in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.


Narrow-linewidth lasers are a key component of photonic microwave signal generators, as the width of the generated RF signal is equal to the beat note of used lasers. Heterogeneous silicon photonics platform opens up a possibility of improving the coherence of fully integrated photonic microwave generators by providing means to separate the photon resonator and absorbing active medium; improving the total Q factor of the laser cavity and providing the control of the spontaneous emission into the lasing mode. Further improvement in the laser linewidth is possible by using ring resonators inside the laser cavity. Using the rings inside the cavity benefits the linewidth in two ways: (1) resonance cavity length enhancement and (2) negative optical feedback. The combined effect allows for record linewidth performance as was recently demonstrated: widely-tunable fully monolithically-integrated semiconductor lasers with 50 kHz integrated linewidths. We further theoretically predict that at least an order of magnitude better performance is achievable and that sub-kHz linewidths should be obtainable using low-loss silicon waveguide platform with ~0.5 dB/cm of loss. Heterogeneous platform further complements the microwave signal generator with demonstrated highspeed modulators with 74 GHz bandwidth and detectors with 12 dBm output power at 40 GHz. The InP-based modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes on SOI waveguides have the highest reported output power levels at multi-GHz frequencies for any waveguide photodiode technology including native InP, Ge/Si, and heterogeneously integrated photodiodes.


Drought resistance is a complex quantitative trait, involving interactions of many metabolic pathways related to stress-resistant genes. Identification of a standard evaluation assay has been the most pressing problem for selection of drought-resistant genotypes and ultimately for elucidating the internal genetic mechanisms. A field phenotypic investigation was performed on more than 20 morphological traits and grain yield and its components for 201 Chinese common inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines under water deficit in seven environments. An integrated selection criterion for drought resistance was proposed and used to identify drought-resistant maize genotypes. In it, six traits including grain yield, ear number per plant, kernel number per ear, plant height, anthesis–silking interval and degree of leaf curling were chosen as the most relevant factors related to drought resistance, as determined by statistical analysis. The integrated selection criterion was highly correlated with grain yield under both well-watered and water-stressed regimes, and was also highly correlated with other commonly used selection criteria. Moreover, for 128 (63.7%) inbred lines the evaluation result with this criterion was consistent across more than three environments thus avoiding the effect of genotype–environment interaction, though stress level between the different environments largely fluctuated. There were 43 inbred lines evaluated for drought-resistance and most were bred during 1990–2000. The criterion will be useful to identify excellent drought-resistant genotypes in future maize molecular breeding programs.


The ischemic stroke is a common disease with high disability and mortality,bringing heavy burden to society and families. It belongs to apoplexy in traditional Chinese medicine and seriously harms peoples' health. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is so complicated that it remains unclear now. There are evident effects of TCM treatment on ischemic stroke according to syndrome differentiation. It urgently needs to explore the targets and mechanism of herbal compounds in ischemic stroke therapy.Neurovascular unit( NVU) is a new hot issue in recent ischemic stroke studies. The dynamic imbalance of MMP / TIMP system is the key factor starting damage and repair of NVU during ischemic stroke process. Up to date,there is no report in depth of syndrome differentiation and NVU changes during ischemic stroke process. According to the above findings,it suggests that a whole dynamic research on role and mechanism of MMP / TIMP system in NVU changes during ischemic stroke with different syndromes in TCM combining herbal treatment will not only effectively guide clinical herbal application but also provide basis to enrich and innovate theories of apoplexy pathogenesis.


In late 1990, the Environmental Auditing Roundtable's Auditor Training and Qualification Work Group determined that it needed reliable information about those in industry currently doing health, safety, and environmental audits. The work group would use this information to develop appropriate standards for auditors. It was also felt that such information would be helpful to others establishing internal audit programs. The work group, under the leadership of Donald P. Duffy, developed and refined a survey questionnaire during 1991. This article details the results of this survey and provides companies with timely information to benchmark their TQEM auditing efforts.


Erosive wear can be caused by a water jet burst from leaked water pipe laid side by side to natural gas pipeline. The erosive wear behavior of natural gas pipeline eroded by sand and water jetting was investigated. This work present the erosive wear analysis of API 5L X42, steel grade pipeline which normally used for distributing natural gas to an industrial customers by gas utility company in Malaysia. Tests were carried out by recreating above mentioned situation through the usage of 5 mm diameter orifice as the source of jetting in sand particles towards the pipe specimen that was buried at 1 meter depth. The existence of tunneling effect was established by identifying the horizontal and vertical tunneling through physical examination of the impacted surface. It was determined that the thickness of the pipe decreases with time. Determination of time taken for the pipe to rupture was established at 220 hours after continuous jetting and zero effect distance is at 450 mm from the jetting source of the relevant tests condition.


The binaural hearing abilities of four sensori‐neural loss listeners were tested in four experiments: (1) interaural time discrimination, (2) interaural intensity discrimination, (3) interaural correlation discrimination, and (4) binaural detection experiments. All tests were conducted on each subject using third‐octave bands of noise centered at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. "Binaural Audiograms" can be obtained by plotting the ration of normal discrimination jnds to measured discrimination jnds versus frequency on a log‐log scale. In general, the frequency dependence of binaural hearing loss, so defined, appears unrelated to the frequency dependence of hearing loss as measured by current monaural audiometric techniques. Furthermore, impairements of interaural time discrimination are independent of impairments in interaural intensity discrimination. Finally, the MLD alone was not related to loss of interaural time or intensity sensitivity. Two of the subjects tested showed elevated NoSπ and NoSo thr...


Geotextiles are synthetic woven or non-woven materials which can be used for the de-watering of soil instead of natural filters. After a description of the criteria for natural filters, the criteria for geotextiles are derived. The design diagram according to Cistin/Ziems is recast with reference to the mesh width or opening size of the geotextile; the characteristic values are easily determined. Permeability is determined as a dependent of the normal stress. The theoretical derivations were confirmed by filter tests. Filter criteria which are valid for geotextiles as wovens, thin non-wovens and needle punched non-wovens and take into consideration laminated or turbulent flow patterns are provided, and reference is made to long term proving tests. (TRRL)


Software architecture for a wireless communication system mobile terminal, and other applications are disclosed. Software architecture includes more multiple layers arranged in the order from the layer that provides a higher-level service to the layer to provide a lower level of service. Also includes an interface means for communicating between software modules according to each layer in the or at least one software module, a set of defined dependent rules.


Colon cancer is a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy arising in the colon. Ulcerative colitis(UC) is one of the risk factors of colorectal cancer. The detection of under-expressed biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in UC and colon cancer can lead to effective management of colitis-associated cancer. A total of two mRNA expression datasets (GSE87473 and GSE44076) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between extensive ulcerative colitis samples and healthy samples, limited ulcerative colitis samples and healthy samples, and colon cancer samples and healthy samples. In extensive ulcerative colitis, limited ulcerative colitis and colon cancer groups, 95,69 and 635 under-expressed genes with adjusted p-value<0.05 and log(2) fold change<-2 were detected respectively. Using Cytoscape software, the genes with degree>15 including CLCA1, SLC26A3, SI, KIT, HPGDS, NR1H4, ADIPOQ, PPARGC1A, GCG, MS4A12, GUCA2A and FABP1 were screened as hub under-expressed genes in colon cancer. In extensive ulcerative colitis, the genes with degree>5 including ABCB1, ABCG2, UGT1A6, CYP2B6 and AQP8 were identified as hub genes. Moreover, the genes including NR1H4, CYP2B6, ABCB1, ABCG2, UGT2A3 and PLA2G12B were detected as hub genes with degree>5 in limited ulcerative colitis. According to inclusion criteria and venn diagram, the downregulated gene NR1H4 was common gene in limited ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. The current in silico study showed that downregulation of CLCA1, PPARGC1A and AQP8 genes may increase cancer cell invasion and metastasis ability.


Security protocols aim to allow secure electronic communication despite the potential presence of eavesdroppers. Guaranteeing their correctness is vital in many applications. This report briefly surveys the many formal specification and verification techniques proposed for describing and analysing security protocols.


A screw-type lifting clamp comprising a generally U-shaped clamp body having a pair of spaced, opposed projections defining a generally vertically downwardly facing material receiving slot, a lifting shackle attached to said clamp body, a screw threadedly received through a first such body projection and being threadedly movable toward and away from the second body projection, a jaw pivotally mounted to the second body projection for pivotable movement about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the screw axis, and resilient means urging the jaw to a horizontal position. The pivotable jaw includes vertically spaced teeth defining a gripping surface which is convex in a vertical plane and has a radius of curvature greater than the horizontal distance between the jaw pivotal axis and the jaw gripping surface when that jaw is horizontal.


A variety of methods are used in managing invasive plants in natural areas. This generally includes chemical, mechanical, and cultural control methods. In determining which of these methods to use in a particular situation, a number of questions should be answered. This includes the long term plan for the site, the need for selectivity, the level of infestation, the life cycle of the target species (which will affect the timing of the control effort), the type of labor that will be conducting the treatments, and overall costs. Once the preferred method of control is identified, the next step is to determine the types of personal protection equipment (PPE) that will be needed to ensure the safety of applicators. PPE includes various types of ear and eye protection, water proof aprons, chaps, gloves, shin guards, and boots.


The wide crosses between tobacco and other plants from different class,different family or different genus and the wide crosses between different species of Nicotiana are reviewed.The main prob-lems existed are discussed briefly and the prospect of tobacco wide cross is put forward.


Exploring a tumultuous time in Japanese 19th-century history, when the country began to emerge from self-imposed exile, this study profiles activists such as Sakamoto Ryoma and Nakaoka Shintaro, who played an important role in the development of a unified nation state.


Colloidal chitin is the most suitable form of chitin for the production of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose _??_(G1cNAc)2_??_ by Bacillus licheniformis X-7u, but it is unsuitable for use in mass production because it is prepared with difficulty. We therefore sought forms of chitin that are easily prepared and that can be used instead of colloidal chitin. Chitin prepared by the soaking of chitin film from prawn pleon cuticle in 25% HCI at 20°C for 1 hr gave satisfactory results. When strain X-7u was cultivated with the HCl-swollen chitin, 5.1 g/l (GlcNAc)2 accumulated within 4 days. The (GIcNAc)2 yields based on the starting material, the chitin film, when HCI-swollen chitin and colloidal chitin were used were 32% and 35%, respectively.


Practical knowledge acquired during a decade of devising methods for the correlation of sensory evaluation for flavor with gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of food volatiles is described. The evolution of methods, precautions that should be taken with each method, limitations of the methods, and minimizing of experimental error on the sensory and objective sides are discussed.


The employment rate for workers 55 and over has been increasing across the world for the last decade. This creates opportunities for employers to diversify their workforce and retain valuable knowledge and skills, while at the same time posing the challenge of rising labor costs and blocked opportunities for younger workers. This study summarizes in layperson's terms the economic tradeoffs facing organizations as they design the optimal age structure of employees, as well as surveying recent research on how older workers fit into organizations. Empirical studies show that whereas wage and benefit costs increase with age, there is no conclusive evidence that productivity increases as well. Studies using macroeconomic data find no evidence that older workers block opportunities for the young, but two recent papers using a more disaggregated approach show that firms treat older and younger workers as substitutes. A key challenge facing older workers is the decline over the last 20 years in the odds of becoming a new hire. Although the turnover rate for older workers is much lower than for other age groups, employers have concerns about accommodating their work environment and work schedule preferences. Resume studies show age discrimination also plays a factor, especially for women. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, including interindustry and international comparisons of microeconomic data on employment by age group and studies that take a close look within organizations that have engaged in innovative activities to hire or retain more older workers.


UIMAGE is a data analysis package written in IDL for the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) project. COBE has extraordinarily stringent accuracy requirements: 1 percent mid-infrared absolute photometry, 0.01 percent submillimeter absolute spectrometry, and 0.0001 percent submillimeter relative photometry. Thus, many of the transformations and image enhancements common to analysis of large data sets must be done with special care. UIMAGE is unusual in this sense in that it performs as many of its operations as possible on the data in its native format and projection, which in the case of COBE is the quadrilateralized sphereical cube ('skycube'). That is, after reprojecting the data, e.g., onto an Aitoff map, the user who performs an operation such as taking a crosscut or extracting data from a pixel is transparently acting upon the skycube data from which the projection was made, thereby preserving the accuracy of the result. Current plans call for formatting external data bases such as CO maps into the skycube format with a high-accuracy transformation, thereby allowing Guest Investigators to use UIMAGE for direct comparison of the COBE maps with those at other wavelengths from other instruments. It is completely menu-driven so that its use requires no knowledge of IDL. Its functionality includes I/O from the COBE archives, FITS files, and IDL save sets as well as standard analysis operations such as smoothing, reprojection, zooming, statistics of areas, spectral analysis, etc. One of UIMAGE's more advanced and attractive features is its terminal independence. Most of the operations (e.g., menu-item selection or pixel selection) that are driven by the mouse on an X-windows terminal are also available using arrow keys and keyboard entry (e.g., pixel coordinates) on VT200 and Tektronix-class terminals. Even limited grey scales of images are available this way. Obviously, image processing is very limited on this type of terminal, but it is nonetheless surprising how much analysis can be done on that medium. Such flexibility has the virtue of expanding the user community to those who must work remotely on non-image terminals, e.g., via modem.


Many marine origin organic molecules entered clinical studies for anticancer therapy. Ascidians, a marine invertebrate animal draw attention of the researchers for its versatility as medicine and nutrition. In this study methylene chloride crude extract of Polyclinum madrasensis Sebastian (Ascidaciae) was tested for its in-vitro anticancer property on HeLa cell lines (cervical cancer cell lines) using MTT assay. Results revealed that the extract exhibits cytotoxic effect on the cell lines used (IC 50-0.23mg/ml). Extract was further elucidated using chemical and spectral analysis (IR, HNMR), in which peptides were found to be the major constituent. As a conclusion, Polyclinum madrasensis is found to be a good source for drug lead component in cancer drug discovery process.


Seven new ethnomedicinal uses of seven species of Ericaceae, viz. Agapetes auriculata (Griff.) Hook. f., A. discolor C. B. Clarke, A. nuttallii C. B. Clarke, A. refracta Airy Shaw, Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall., G. discolor Nutt. ex Hook. and Rhododendron edgeworthii Hook. f., by the people of Aka tribe of Jamiri, Nepalese of Dedza village and Bomdi-La and Dirang Monpas or Drangnangpa of Bomdi-La, in Arunachal Pradesh, are being reported for the first time.


Guinong775 is a famous germplasm,which derived from Hayaldia Villosa hybriding with eummer wheat and common wheat cultivar by professor Zhang in Guizhong University,and it is important in wheat breeding and production practice.This article studied for the usage of fluorescent in situ hybridization and Correlation Segment Clone of Molecular Markers to Guinong775,The results indicated that the Guinong775 was not a wheat-Haynaldia viIlosa segment translocation line,and it is different to the research results of Liuda Jun et al.The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) using genomic DNA of Haynaldia viIlosa and the special probe of S2018 as probe indicated that the Guinong775 was a wheat-Haynaldia viIlosa new segment translocation line.It indicated that the YrGA comes from Haynaldia viIlosa again.


Conventional environmental response functions in forest succession models characterize the ecological amplitude of tree species rather than the physiological amplitude. To evaluate this hypothesis a methodology for the derivation of environmental response functions on the basis of the combined information offorest inventory, soil inventory and climate data is described. Response functions for the effect of temperature on tree growth for spruce and beech derived from such data are compared with functions actually used in succession models. It can be shown that response functions parameterized with observed tree growth data differ from the conventionally used equations and seem to describe the potential niche of tree species in a more appropriate way. Thus succession simulations utilizing conventional response functions might overestimate the extent offorest decline in a changing climate.


X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is useful for mapping various atoms in objects. Bremsstrahlung X-rays are selected using a 3.0 mm-thick aluminum filter, and these rays are absorbed by indium, cerium and gadolinium atoms in objects. Then XRF is produced from the objects, and photons are detected by a cadmium-telluride detector. The Kα photons are discriminated using a multichannel analyzer, and the number of photons is counted by a counter card. The objects are moved and scanned by an x-y stage in conjunction with a two-stage controller, and X-ray images obtained by atomic mapping are shown on a personal computer monitor. The scan steps of the x and y axes were both 2.5 mm, and the photon-counting time per mapping point was 0.5 s. We carried out atomic mapping using the X-ray camera, and Kα photons from cerium and gadolinium atoms were produced from cancerous regions in nude mice.


Integrated gas sensor is arranged with a semiconductor body on which one of the electrodes (5) contacted gas-sensitive resistance layer (4), under which an insulating layer (3) separated from at least one field electrode (2; 6) sits, characterized in that the insulating layer (3 ) has a thickness which is at least approximately less than or equal about 10 times the (at this insulating layer 3) entprechenden Debye length L , wherein T temperature e material Dependent Dielectric constant e k Bolzmannkonstante N carrier concentration q elementary charge mean.


The space physics community continues to grow and become both more interdisciplinary and more intertwined with commercial and government operations. This has created a need for a framework to easily identify what projects can be used for specific applications and how close the tool is to routine autonomous or on-demand implementation and operation. We propose the Application Usability Level (AUL) framework and publicizing AULs to help the community quantify the progress of successful applications, metrics, and validation efforts. This framework will also aid the scientific community by supplying the type of information needed to build off of previously published work and publicizing the applications and requirements needed by the user communities. In this paper, we define the AUL framework, outline the milestones required for progression to higher AULs, and provide example projects utilizing the AUL framework. This work has been completed as part of the activities of the Assessment of Understanding and Quantifying Progress working group which is part of the International Forum for Space Weather Capabilities Assessment.


Flight control simulation system has been becoming the most important research method for aerostat flight control system design due to wide application of Matlab/Simulink developing platform in flight control research.The flight control system working principle,hardware and software architecture of airships are presented.By using integrated design philosophy,the simulation system can be extended or reduced with custom requirements.The simulation system establishes various motion and control models of airships on Matlab/Simulation platform.Under the sustainment of real-time communication network and virtual visual workstation,it can implement numeric simulation,hardware-in-loop simulation and human-in-loop control simulation,etc,and can also be used for the development of airship flight control system.


I explore the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics by treating the former as a control theory: a theory of which transitions between states can be induced on a system (assumed to obey some known underlying dynamics) by means of operations from a fixed list. I recover the results of standard thermodynamics in this framework on the assumption that the available operations do not include measurements which affect subsequent choices of operations. I then relax this assumption and use the framework to consider the vexed questions of Maxwell's demon and Landauer's principle. Throughout I assume rather than prove the basic irreversibility features of statistical mechanics, taking care to distinguish them from the conceptually distinct assumptions of thermodynamics proper.


Ab initio Studies on N-Acyliminium Ions

The geometric and electronic structure and reactivity of the N-formylmethyleneiminium ion are calculated in different conformations by ab initio methods and compared to those of N-methylformamide and the methyleneiminium ion. The known preferred attack of the C(5) of 3-acyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazoles by electrophiles is explained by the lower (calculated) energy of the corresponding acyliminium ion relative to that of the oxenium ion. The stereoselectivity of additions to these acyliminium ions can not be explained by our calculations. Ab initio calculations of the subsystems acyliminium and oxenium ion show that the reactivity can be predicted from investigation of these much simpler systems and make us suppose that a nitro instead of an acyl group will reverse the regioselectivity of the addition to 2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazoles.


In the last lecture we discussed public-key cryptosystems based on error-correcting codes. Unfortunately, we cannot directly derive a signature scheme by using a public-key cryptosystem that is based on codes like the McEliece or the Niederreiter scheme. (In contrast, with RSA it is possible to establish a signature scheme from a cryptosystem.) The problem is that the McEliece and the Niederreiter scheme are not invertible: If we take y ∈ Fn 2 at random and an (n, k, d)-code C for which we can correct at most t errors, it is improbable to decode y . The solution is that the hash-value has to be decodable which directly leads to


Groupers are bottom-associated fishes found in the tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans. Most species occur on coral reefs, but some live in estuaries or on rocky reefs. Adults of Groupers are generally associated with rocky bottoms, although juveniles are found in seagrass beds, and adults of a few species prefer sandy or silty areas. Some species occur in depths of 100 to 200 m (occasionally to 500 m); however, the majority inhabits depths less than 100 m, and juveniles are often found in tidepools (Heemstra and Randall, 1993) Turan et al., (2017) reported that the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus has remarkable economic importance in Epinephelus genus for the Mediterranean fisheries. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Aug. 18, 2021 Accepted: Aug. 24, 2021 Online: Aug. 28, 2021 _______________


Drug development is the backbone of modern medicine and the pharma industry. Identifying new drug targets and
successful drug development is contributed by several techniques, methods, and protocols. Each method has its
unique significance and limitations. This review work has addressed the opportunities, constraints and future
perspectives of the current drug development process. Many general considerations, successful approaches,
techniques, and examples in drug development are discussed


Cement is the mainly use construction material in recent trend cement concrete is replace by admixtures such as, slag, fly ash, silica fume to increase the characteristics strength of high performance of concrete in order to decrease the shrinkage and creep and to increase tensile strength, fibres are added. Strength Properties studies involve compressive strength flexural strength tensile strength and abrasion. Standard cubes 15cm x 15cm x 15cm, standard cylinders 15cm dia x 30cm height and standard beam 10cm x 10cm x50cm were considered in the research. The study bring that the use of waste material like silica fume, fly ash with steel fibres develop the strength properties of concrete, which is otherwise unsafe to the environment and thus may be used as a fractionally replacement of cement.


Abstract Background Machine learning-based risk prediction models may outperform traditional statistical models in large datasets with many variables, by identifying both novel predictors and the complex interactions between them. This study compared deep learning extensions of survival analysis models with Cox proportional hazards models for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in national health administrative datasets. Methods Using individual person linkage of administrative datasets, we constructed a cohort of all New Zealanders aged 30–74 who interacted with public health services during 2012. After excluding people with prior CVD, we developed sex-specific deep learning and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of CVD events within 5 years. Models were compared based on the proportion of explained variance, model calibration and discrimination, and hazard ratios for predictor variables. Results First CVD events occurred in 61 927 of 2 164 872 people. Within the reference group, the largest hazard ratios estimated by the deep learning models were for tobacco use in women (2.04, 95% CI: 1.99, 2.10) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection in men (1.56, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.62). Other identified predictors (e.g. hypertension, chest pain, diabetes) aligned with current knowledge about CVD risk factors. Deep learning outperformed Cox proportional hazards models on the basis of proportion of explained variance (R2: 0.468 vs 0.425 in women and 0.383 vs 0.348 in men), calibration and discrimination (all P <0.0001). Conclusions Deep learning extensions of survival analysis models can be applied to large health administrative datasets to derive interpretable CVD risk prediction equations that are more accurate than traditional Cox proportional hazards models.


Abstract A primary group G is said to be a l.i.b. group if every idempotent endomorphism of every basic subgroup of G can be extended to an endomorphism of G. We establish the following characterization: A primary group is a l.i.b. group if and only if it is the direct sum of a torsion complete group and a divisible group. The technique used consists of a close analysis of certain subgroups of Prufer-like primary groups.


The paper deals with using descriptive mark-up to emphasize translation mistakes. The author postulates the necessity to develop a standard and formal XML-based way of describing translation mistakes. It is considered to be important for achieving impersonal translation quality assessment. Marked-up translations can be used in corpus translation studies; moreover, automatic translation assessment based on marked-up mistakes is possible. The paper concludes with setting up guidelines for further activity within the described field.


In this paper, attention is paid to a dysfunctional emotional behavior pattern whereby individuals experience very little (or a total absence of) pleasure. Instead, there is a feeling of emotional numbness. Although this phenomenon touches all parts of life, this paper focuses on the organizational context. For some executives, the stresses and strains of midlife (including stresses involving career issues) become the catalyst for this dysfunctional emotional behavior. Their reactions are of a quasi-alexithymic and anhedonic nature. Some of the characteristics of this dysfunctional emotional pattern are delineated in these pages. In addition, the related experience of depersonalization is highlighted. Some of the factors that contribute to these kinds of phenomena are explored. At the end of the paper, a number of recommendations for dealing with these difficulties are given.


Through the concentrated feed, electric-furnace smelting with the entire journey foamed slag, LF fining and VD vacuum degasification etc measures, the Special Steel Plant of Laiwu Steel produced American standard SAE8620H steel with narrow hardenability band, high purity, thin and even crystal grain and fine surface quality and so on. This steel grade can meet completely the needs of the high performance automobile gear.


In order to protect secret information from sensitive and various applications, secured authentication system should be incorporated; it should contain security and confidentiality. Even if it is assumed that the cryptographic primitives are perfect, the security goals may not be achieved: the system itself may have weaknesses that can be exploited by an attacker in network attacks. In this paper a Secured Authentication Protocol System using Images (SAPSI) is presented. It ensures confidentiality, and authentication using server and Image based authentication mechanism. KeywordsConfidentiality, Security, Server, Image-Based Authentication System, Authentication.


SAARINEN, Risto. Weakness of Will in Renaissance and Reformation Thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. viii + 248pp. Cloth, $80.00--This book continues the author's earlier study Weakness of the Will in Medieval Thought: From Augustine to Buridan (New York: Brill, 1994), although it stands on its own. It aims to demonstrate that, contrary to the claims of some, "the classical problem of weakness of will was the source of lively debates and significant innovations during the Renaissance and the Reformation.... The study of these debates and innovations sheds light on the general understanding of the human condition during the formative period between medieval times and early modernity." The author is primarily concerned with the reception history of Aristotle's concept of akrasia and of St. Augustine. The book covers both philosophical and theological ground. The first chapter provides an overview of the prior history of the question, discussing Plato and Aristotle, Stoicism, St. Paul, and St. Augustine, the "Medieval Aristotelians" Thomas Aquinas and Walter Burley, the "Medieval Voluntarists" Walter of Bruges and Henry of Ghent, and the "Medieval Syntheses" of Albert the Great and John Buridan. At the end of this chapter the author categorizes various "models of akrasia," which he will use throughout the rest of the book to characterize the various authors studied. There are the two "Platonic models," namely the "Socratic-Platonic" model, which denies the existence of akrasia in favor of strong intellectualism, and the "commonplace Platonic" model, which emphasizes the conflict in the soul between reason and desire. Then there is the "Aristotelian" model, based on the notion of a practical syllogism. In akratic behavior there is a failure to reason properly in the presence of desire. Then there are "Stoic-Augustinian models." "Commonplace Augustinianism" holds that we inevitably experience disordered desires, and moral culpability only arises when we consent to these desires. "Voluntarism" holds that the will is the ultimate determining factor of behavior. The Stoic models hold that desires are in and of themselves already practical judgments assented to in some way, and disordered desires are thus something for which the agent can in some way be culpable. In the second chapter the author discusses various authors from the Renaissance: Petrarch, Donato Acciaiuoli, Versor, Wellendorffer, Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples, Clichtove, John Mair (also known as John Major), and Piccolomini. An important example, which later becomes commonplace, is introduced by Clichtove, namely Medea in Ovid's Metamorphoses, who, making a decision under the influence of strong passion, says that "I see the better and approve it, but I follow the worse." This verse seems to exemplify "a non-Aristotelian 'clear-eyed akrasia'," and the author argues that its widespread use later in the Renaissance and Reformation periods is symptomatic of a partial trend away from an Aristotelian, syllogistic analysis of akrasia towards a "commonplace Platonic" analysis emphasizing the back and forth struggle between reason and passion. …


There are a number of baffling questions when thoughtful United States scholars and practitioners observe the way competition law and policy has evolved in Europe and elsewhere. These include: Why is the United States relatively alone in criminalizing hardcore cartel behavior? Why is the United States so isolated in allowing a private right of action, let alone a treble damage remedy? Why are private rights of actions so seldom utilized abroad even where permitted by local law? Should the European Union continue to be enforced by the European Commission or by a new independent European Cartel Authority? Why is the European Union so successful in gaining new adherents to its vision of competition law at the expense of the United States view of such laws?There are also critical questions and assumptions about the origins of the concept of a European competition law. There is an often-expressed view that a "European" competition law is a misnomer, that EU competition law is either a pale reflection of an older and more mature U.S. antitrust law, a direct import from the United States, or merely a small portion of victor'sjustice imposed by the allies following World War II.These questions cannot be answered as a matter of first principles or even theory. The answers lie deep within the law, history, politics, and economics of the EU and its member states as they wrestle with the importance of competition policy and how to craft the appropriate system of laws.Professor David Gerber of lIT/Chicago-Kent College of Law has written Law and Competition in Twentieth Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus1 expressly to make the case for an indigenous competition law in Europe. He argues that there is a European competition law that stands independently of United States antitrust law and policy. He also argues that EU competition law and its national analogues all share common roots as a true pan-European competition law that developed on its own by policy makers aware of each other's efforts and consciously using developments in other nations to inform debates in their own arenas. No sensible reader can disagree with Gerber's first thesis and most will be convinced by the second and more intriguing part of his thesis as well.


The dynamics of mobile networks make it difficult for mobile apps to deliver a seamless user experience. In particular, intermittent connections and weak signals pose challenges for app developers. While recent network libraries have simplified network programming, much expert knowledge is still required. However, most mobile app developers are relative novices and tend to assume a reliable network connection, paying little attention to handling network errors in programming until users complain and leave bad reviews. We argue that the difficulty of avoiding such software defects can be mitigated through an annotation language that allows developers to declaratively state desired and actual properties of the application, largely without reference to fault-tolerant concepts, much less implementation. A pre-compiler can process these annotations, replacing calls to standard networking libraries with customized calls to a specialized library that enhances the reliability. This paper presents ANEL, a declarative language and middleware for Android that en-ables non-experts. We demonstrate the expressiveness and practicability of ANEL annotation through case studies and usability studies on real-world networked mobile apps. We also show that the ANEL middleware introduces negligible runtime performance overhead.


The purpose of the study was to explore if students with moderate and severe mental retardation could take advantage of 360 PIS to enhance action capability in the environment? The study adopted an experimental design of multiple-probe-across-subject. The targets were four students with moderate and severe mental retardation from a special education school. The independent variable was the teaching system of "The Environment Introduction of Yangming Park by 360 PISrdquo and the dependent variable were the learning results of the students on the 360 PIS, the ability of the students to recognize the real scenes after learning from the 360 PIS and to act independently in the real environment. Each student had to go through three stages of experiment: baseline, intervention and generalization period. The results of experiments were as follows: 1. After teaching, students with moderate and severe mental retardation could operate the 360 PIS and reach the learning level of proficiency. 2. Students with moderate and severe mental retardation could recognize the environment on 360 PIS. They could name the scenes and the locations of related passages on the panoramic image. Furthermore, they also could categorize the results from virtual to real environment, named the scenes and found out locations of passages. 3. Students with moderate and severe mental retardation could walk through two trails independently on 360 PIS and generalized the results from cyberspace to not yet experienced environment and walked through two trails.


Along with the computer network technology development,each big company gradually establish their own production network.In China,coal mine production using a wireless network is not much,this article through the analysis of mine computer communication network system,based on the IEEE802.11protocol of the network architecture and function,for the future of the mine without blind zone overlay network construction provides theory basis.


In order to perform adequate water quality management, it is important to predict the water quality through measurement and data accumulation of the concentration of contaminants. However, daily measurement of water quality pollutant is unrealistic in practical aspect. In this study, the possibility of daily- or hourly-based water quality prediction through dissolved oxygen (DO) using RNN-LSTM (Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short-term Memory) algorithm, which is well-known for time-series learning, was performed. The research selected Bugok Bridge in Oncheon-stream, Busan, South Korea. Hourly-based DO, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall data was collected at the target location and was converted to daily data. To forecast the DO concentration, TensorFlow, a deep learning open source library developed by Google, was utilized. Data of four years (2014-2017) was used for daily learning data and 2018 data was used for verification of the trained model. The performance with the adjusted number of hidden layers, number of repetitions, and the sequence length, as well as the accuracy of the model was analyzed. As a result of this research, it is proven that the performance of the prediction can be improved when weather data and large amount of data is available.


This paper introduced in brief the basic structure,type and characteristics of the on-line gage,with emphasis on the application of on-line gage in engine manufacturing.It also introduced in detail the structure, principle and measure process of on-line gage,taking example for the on-line gages applied in machine process such as grinding,honing,etc.Finally,it gave an example of the imported on-line gage(with the function of auto compensation) which has been nationalized to reform,as well as its basic layout and benefit obtained from the reformation.


Preliminary mission design for the next-generation infrared astronomical mission, SPICA, which is to be launched into the Sun-Earth L2 Halo orbit, was studied. Our specific focus is on investigating the impact of translational force (unloading ∆V), with respect to the orbit maintenance, caused by the thrusters unloading for accumulated angular momentum on the spacecraft reaction wheels. In addition, suppression methods for orbital disturbances caused by the unloading ∆V are proposed and validated. SPICA L2 ! "$# " # " # " # % & % & % & % & ' ' ' ' ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )+*-,$.0/ * , . / * , . / * , . / 13254$6 7 1 2 4 6 7 1 2 4 6 7 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 :<; 8 9 : ; 8 9 : ; 8 9 : ; SPICA =$>@?BADC = > ? A C = > ? A C = > ? A C$ 3"$# E5F " # E F " # E F " # E F G$2 H I G 2 H I G 2 H I G 2 H I ' ' ' '@J J J JLK M N K M N K M N K M N3O O O O SPICA =$>@?BADC = > ? A C = > ? A C = > ? A C 5 P3Q R P Q R P Q R P Q RLS S S S$T U T U T U T UWVYX / V X / V X / V X /D6 Z 6 Z 6 Z 6 Z\[]R ^ [ R ^ [ R ^ [ R ^ ' ' ' '3_0` _ a _ ` _ a _ ` _ a _ ` _ a5S<b0 S b S b S b Dc C5 d c C c C c C 5e0f C g e f C g e f C g e f C gdh / i j ' h / i j ' h / i j ' h / i j 'Dk<) k ) k ) k )+* * * * , lm , l , l , l 5n n n n o o o o S S S S!p q p q p q p q hr/ h / h / h /Ds t u v w s t u v w s t u v w s t u v wL " # x y " # x y " # x y " # x y z z z z !{5| { | { | { |rS } .5, S } . , S } . , S } . , H$I H I H I H I ' ' ' 'DJ J J JLK M3N K M N K M N K M N3O O O O


The paper explores the metaphysical and cosmological implications of the Xiaoyaoyou chapter of the Zhuangzi. Beginning with an exploration of the Kun–Peng fable's epistemological aspects, the study transitions to emphasize its connection to fundamental metaphysical forces, such as yinyang 陰陽, qi 氣, and wuxing 五行. The dragonesque features of Kun and Peng are seen as analogies for cosmic and metaphysical change, forming the basis for an alternative, non-epistemological interpretation. Accordingly, the expression "anxious calculations" (shushu 數數) is interpreted as both a critique of the scholar-officials' (shi 士) reliance on "numbers and methods" (shushu 數術) to tame dragons and control the cosmos and a commendation of the masters' (zi 子) ability to transcend them. Drawing from the archaeological record, the term shushu is linked to astrological frameworks and cosmological systems prevalent during the Warring States period. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the skepticism depicted in the Xiaoyaoyou is specifically directed at shushu knowledge, the scholarly and state-sanctioned understanding of the cosmos' metaphysical foundations. The study suggests that, as explained in this chapter, these enigmatic foundations, much like dragons, defy complete comprehension, remaining beyond precise calculation and domestication.


Social systems are architected to foster and manufacture ambiences leading to human indifference. This paper demonstrates the dynamics and consequences of this phenomenon.


Combustion devices are prone to combustion instabilities. They arise from a constructive coupling between the unsteady heat release rate of the flame and the resonant acoustic modes of the entire system. The occurence of such instabilities can pose a threat to both performance and integrity of combustion systems. Although these phenomena have been known for more than a century, avoiding their appearance in industrial engines is still challenging. The objective of this thesis is threefold: (1) study the dynamics of the resonant acoustic modes, (2) investigate the flame response of a liquid rocket engine under unstable conditions using Large Eddy Simulation(LES) and (3) derive, use and study Time Domain Impedance Boundary Conditions (TDIBCs), i.e. boundary conditions modeling complex acoustic impedances.


A description is given of a technique for investigating the characteristics of atmospheric noise, and of the type of information obtained at very low frequencies. The results quoted are typical of those which have been obtained in southern England during a long period of recording, but a discussion of the statistics of all the data is not included. Atmospheric noise in a bandwidth of 300 c/s at frequencies in the range 10-35 kc/s is intermediate in character between fluctuation noise and discrete impulses. For example, the variation of the average voltage with bandwidth is similar to that for fluctuation noise, but the noise also contains peaks of high amplitude. The r.m.s. value of the envelope is of the order of five times the average value (compared with 1.1 for fluctuation noise), which illustrates the impulsive nature of the noise and shows that neither parameter by itself can provide a satisfactory description of the noise. The long-term trends, however, have been expressed in terms of the average field strength. A more detailed description of the noise is given in terms of the amplitude distribution of the peaks in the envelope and the amplitude probability distribution of the envelope itself. Either of these distributions can be expressed empirically in terms of two parameters, and can be interrelated at the higher voltage levels where the impulses have consistent shape determined by the characteristics of the receiver. At one location the amplitude of the noise may vary between wide limits with time, frequency and bandwidth, but the parameters which can be used to describe the noise structure are comparatively invariant. To supplement the amplitude data, information is required on the time sequence of the voltage changes, and it has been found that the larger impulses are randomly distributed in time. There is a tendency for the smaller impulses to occur in groups, in accordance with the knowledge that a single atmospheric often consists of a number of su


Feedback is powerful. Everybody needs feedback. The need for feedback includes teachers. It's time to transform delivery of instruction and teacher-education with a powerful, 2-step observation-feedback process. Clarity of expectations set the stage for observation. Feedback is delivered instantaneously and regularly. Actionable feedback gets results including growth from self-reflection, collaborative conversation, and differentiated professional learning. Self-efficacy of teacher candidates soars and retention in the profession finally has a fighting chance. Feedback, the breakfast of champions (Blanchard, 2015) gives teachers dollops (Marzano, 2007). Feedback, the missing piece in continuous improvement (Feldman, 2016) and preparation of future-ready teacher candidates. This research article is available in The Advocate: https://newprairiepress.org/advocate/vol23/iss4/6 Growth Not Gotcha: The Power of Feedback for Future-Readiness of Teacher Candidates Kelly Gillespie Sue Jenkins Southwest Plains Regional Service Center Vickie Schweinler Emporia School District, USD #253


The present invention relates to a data processing method of the RFID reader and a method and an electronic tag. The RFID reader of the invention receives the first response message is sent to a plurality of electronic tag generates a specific query message, corresponding to the RFIDs query message from at least one electronic tag of. Then, the first response message reception result, the tag ID of the electronic tag collision by using a collision solving message when a collision occurs and identifies sequentially. This, the RFID reader is able to quickly and accurately identify a plurality of electronic tag ID it is possible to eliminate an unnecessary time such as excessive no response slot generation or round loop through the sequential identification process with respect to the electronic tag that a collision We can expect the effect. Electronic tags, RFID, reader, READER, recognized RFID tag collision slots


Joint reactions of 1,3-butadiene, ammonia and oxygen at solid catalysts containing the active components Bi-V-Mo-oxide afforded the cyclic product maleimide in addition to acyclic nitriles


This paper presented the fast development situation of Guangxis' plywood industry.For these problems which were small enterprise scale,bad quality,unthink export needed to solve.In order to promote Guangxis' plywood faster development,it was proposed that enterprise strengthen management,government support and establish plywood marketing alliance among the people.


This report describes the effort to determine what additives may be feasible for use with 100% methanol motor vehicle fuel to increase the safety associated with the use of methanol as a motor vehicle fuel. A survey of the literature was conducted to determine candidate additives that would (1) ensure methanol burns with a visible flame, (2) prevent improper use of the fuel as a degreaser or cleaning agent, (3) give the fuel an unpleasant taste causing expectoration of any methanol accidentally in one's mouth, and (4) act as an emetic. Candidate additives were evaluated as to effectiveness, cost, ease of production, health problems associated with the additive, and estimated effects on vehicle performance.


Additional index words. quality, odor, aroma, fl ower, fragrance Abstract. Selection emphasis on cyme size and fl ower color of Heliotropium arborescens L. has led to cultivars with diminished fl oral fragrance. As a preliminary inquiry into the fragrance chemistry of the species, we identifi ed 41 volatile compounds emanating from the fl owers of 'Marine' via isolation (Tenax trapping) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The majority of the volatile compounds emanating from the fl owers were terpenes (camphene, p-cymene, δ-3-carene, α-humulene, δ-1-limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, and β-thujone), benzenoids of which benzaldehyde was the most abundant, aldehydes (decanal, heptanal, nonanal and octanal), and hydrocarbons (decane, heneicosane, heptadecane, hexadecane, nonadecane, nonane, octadecane, tetradecane, tridecane and undecane) along with a cross-section of other compounds. Subsequent identifi cation and quantifi cation of critical ordorants will facilitate selecting new cultivars with quantitative and qualitative improvements in fragrance.


We develop a portfolio credit risk model that includes firm-specific Markov-switching regimes as well as individual stochastic and endogenous recovery rates. Using weekly credit default swap premiums for 35 financial firms, we analyze the credit risk of each of these companies and their statistical linkages, putting emphasis on the 2005–2012 period. Moreover, we study the systemic risk affecting both the banking and insurance subsectors.


I am grateful to David Ley for his generous response to my commentary, although I should say that it was an invited review of Humanistic geography rather than an inclusive critique of humanistic geography. And on this basis I see little reason to change my previous evaluations. But one of Ley's central arguments is that the models of structuration which I discussed are scarcely foreign to either the particular or the general case: that the 'repeated allusions to context.., identify the necessary limits to voluntarism and idealism', and that within the emerging tradition of humanistic geography these references typically flow from formulations like those of Berger and Luckmann which are so close to those of Giddens that it is incumbent upon me to spell out the differences between them. Further, and closely connected to this, Ley regards my 'failure to examine the treatment of human agency by Marxist geographers' as 'indicative', in large measure because he considers the most successful attempts to substantiate the relations between agency and structure, culture and economy, to have distanced themselves from the formal theoretical protocols of historical materialism. I will discuss each of these in turn.


Rice developmental stage is quantified by a continuous variable termed developmental index, DVI, of which value at the emergence is detined to be 0 and at the heading to be 1.0. The value of DVI at any moment between these two boundary stages can be given by integrating the developmental rate, DVR, with respect to time, in a similar way as de Wit et al. (1970) applied. We propose the following equation for DVR of rice as a function of daily mean temperature T and day length L, [numerical formula] where G is a minimum number of days required for heading of a given cultivar; Th is the temperature at which DVR is the half of the maximum under a given day length; Lc is the critical day length for development; DVI* is the value of DVI at which the crop becomes sensitive to photoperiod; A and B are the parameters. By utilizing the Simplex method, a least square regression method for non-linear functions, the values of these parameters can be estimated from experimental data sets on rice phenology and the environments obtained under field conditions. The model explained heading dates of Nipponbare rice grown under 35 different conditions with S.E.= 3.6 days, while the traditional effective degree day model explained the same data with S.E.= 6.5 days.


Six children in Fresno, Calif., were poisoned by wearing unwashed jeans that had been contaminated by an organic phosphate insecticide (Phosdrin) while in shipment 8 mo earlier. Two cases are presented in detail. These had positive urine sugar tests and leukocytosis. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case by cholinesterase determinations and by the response to therapy which included atropine and pralidoxime chloride. Prompt action by the public health department resulted in recovery of the rest of the contaminated shipment even though they had all been sold to an unsuspecting public.


The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory is a production semantic web data framework providing access to observational datasets from fields spanning upper atmospheric terrestrial physics to solar physics. The observatory allows virtual access to a highly distributed and heterogeneous set of data that appears as if all resources are organized, stored and retrieved/used in a common way. The end-user community comprises scientists, students, data providers numbering over 600 out of an estimated community of 800. We present details on the case study, our technological approach including the semantic web languages, tools and infrastructure deployed, benefits of AI technology to the application, and our present evaluation after the initial nine months of use.


To explore what it means to achieve social justice in health is to try and explore two of the most contested and complex concepts that we have, and to work through to conclusions that are in common with them both. This is a considerable challenge. To try and address it, what follows will take the following strategy. First, we will consider what makes health a distinctive area for exploration in its own right. In ontological terms, what can we say about health that marks it as a distinctive field? By trying to answer this question, we can then create a starting point for coming up with a range of factors that exploring social justice in terms of health will have to address. Next, having established our distinctive health factors, we can attempt to consider what each, and their combination, means in terms of social justice. This clearly means finding an appropriate theory of social justice that can address them. Once we have found such a theory, we can then attempt to combine the two to come to some conclusions. A range of theories of social justice have been laid out in an opening section (Section2) to this book, to which the reader is encouraged to refer.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features,immunophenotyping and differential diagnoses of hemorrhagic cellular leiomyomas of the uterus. Methods The clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings were analyzed in 4 cases of hemorrhagic cellular leiomyomas of the uterus,with review of the literature. Results The main clinical features of these patients were a below abdominal mass and abdominal pain. Microscopically,the tumors were characterized by a dense cellularity,karyopyknosis,hemorrhage and necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that all cases were negative for CD10 and LCA. In 3 cases with well differentiated cells,ER was weakly positive and PR was strongly positive,whereas all cases were focally strongly positive for SMA and positive for vimentin and desmin,with a low Ki-67 index (1%). In the karyopyknosis cells,all antibodies were negative. Conclusion Hemorrhagic cellular leiomyoma of the uterus is a rare type of leiomyomas and usually associated with history of oral contraceptives or pregnancy. Microscopically,there are characteristic morphologic features in the tumor. It needs to be distinguished from leiomyosarcoma,red degeneration of leiomyomas,endometrial stromal tumours and malignant lymphoma.


The ultrastructure of Symbiodinium microadriaticum in vitro and in the type host Condylactis and Casseopeia is described and contrasted with previous observations on symbionts from Anemonia sulcata and the Pacific Tridacnidae. Its type description is emended with new electron microscopic observations and with a list of alternate hosts, including their distributions.


By Brigade-Sukgeon K.McLEOD, A.M., M.D., F.R.C.S.E., Professor of Surgery, Calcutta Medical College, The following record is the tenth of the series, and is drawn up according to the same classification and arrangement as the preceding nine. These wards were under my charge during the whole year with exception of a short period of leave in October. Some of the operations were performed by the Resident Staff, and the name of the operator is attached to them. My assistant during the whole period was Assistant-Surgeon Syama Nirod Das Gupta, M.B., for whose willing and skilful aid I am greatly indebted, both as regards the practical ward work and the preparation of these records.


The article discusses means of expressing the category of negation on the material of Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages. The author shows the different compatibility of negative affixes with the basics of different parts of speech. The method of typological description is used to assess variation in different languages and in the same language.


Purpose: To determine the morphology of pediatric cataracts and assess the status of the anterior and posterior capsules preoperatively on swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and compare the findings to those of intraoperative examination. Secondly, we aimed to obtain biometric measurements on ASOCT and compare them to those obtained on A-scan/optical methods. Methods: This was a prospective and observational study carried out at a tertiary care referral institute. ASOCT scans for anterior segment were obtained preoperatively for all patients, aged <8 years, scheduled for paediatric cataract surgery. The morphology of the lens and capsule and biometry were performed on ASOCT and the same were assessed intraoperatively. The main outcome measures were comparison of ASOCT findings to intraoperative findings. Results: The study included 33 eyes of 29 patients (range 3 months–8 years). The morphological characterization of cataract on ASOCT was accurate in 31/33 (94%) cases. ASOCT accurately identified fibrosis and rupture of the anterior and posterior capsules in 32/33 (97%) cases each. In 30% of eyes, ASOCT gave additional information preoperatively compared to the slit lamp. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculation revealed a good agreement between the keratometry values obtained on ASOCT and those obtained preoperatively with a handheld/optical keratometer (ICC = 0.86, P = 0.001). Conclusion: ASOCT is a valuable tool that could provide complete preoperative information of the lens and capsule in pediatric cataract cases. In children as young as 3 months of age, intraoperative risks and surprises could be diminished. The keratometric readings are highly dependent on patient cooperation but show good agreement with the handheld/optical keratometer readings.


We report a case of recurrent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with cauda equina involvement imaged with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT). A 75-yearsold man presented with bilateral lower extremity muscle weakness who had received treatment for MCL. The involvement of L3–S1 nerve roots with disease were diagnosed based on the findings on electromyography. An FDG PET/CT scan was performed to rule out lymphoma recurrence. PET revealed intense focal uptake in the cauda equina in the midline and at the level of the right neuroforamen on the L2–L5 vertebrae, which showed lymphoma involvement. He was treated with radiotherapy and his neurologic symptoms improved. We conclude that it is useful to use FDG PET/CT in the work-up of possible cauda equina involvement of recurrent MCL.


Detectors for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are now essentially background limited, so a straightforward alternative to improve sensitivity is to increase the number of detectors. Large arrays of multichroic pixels constitute an economical approach to increasing the number of detectors within a given focal plane area. Here, we present the fabrication of large arrays of dual-polarized multichroic transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers for the South Pole Telescope third-generation CMB receiver (SPT-3G). The complete SPT-3G receiver will have 2690 pixels, each with six detectors, allowing for individual measurement of three spectral bands (centered at 95 GHz, 150 GHz and 220 GHz) in two orthogonal polarizations. In total, the SPT-3G focal plane will have 16140 detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters are used to define the different band-passes before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti/Au TES sensors. Detectors are read out using a 64x frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme. The microfabrication of the SPT-3G detector arrays involves a total of 18 processes, including 13 lithography steps. Together with the fabrication process, the effect of processing on the Ti/Au TES's Tc is discussed. In addition, detectors fabricated with Ti/Au TES films with Tc between 400 mK 560 mK are presented and their thermal characteristics are evaluated. Optical characterization of the arrays is presented as well, indicating that the response of the detectors is in good agreement with the design values for all three spectral bands (95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz). The measured optical efficiency of the detectors is between 0.3 and 0.8. Results discussed here are extracted from a batch of research of development wafers used to develop the baseline process for the fabrication of the arrays of detectors to be deployed with the SPT-3G receiver. Results from these research and development wafers have been incorporated into the fabrication process to get the baseline fabrication process presented here. SPT-3G is scheduled to deploy to the South Pole Telescope in late 2016.


Background: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical application of reduced-carbohydrate (RC) diets for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management at a community-based diabetes centre. Methods: To be included in this retrospective case series, adults with T1D must have attended at least two appointments with a Credentialled Diabetes Educator and Accredited Practising Dietitian (CDE/APD) for advice regarding: (a) advanced carbohydrate counting, (b) carbohydrate reduction, and/or (b) low-carbohydrate diet support. Data regarding specific dietary recommendations and clinical outcomes was extracted from patient records stored at the center. A semi-structured interview with the CDE/APD was conducted to collect additional information about the design and delivery of the RC diets. Thematic analysis was used to identify core components of the RC diets, and descriptive statistics were used to assess pre-post changes in clinical T1D outcomes. Results: 26 adults with T1D were eligible and included (77% female). The RC diets represented a patient-led approach involving adjustments to energy and macronutrient intakes, glucose self-monitoring, and insulin management. 22/26 participants attended the center seeking low-carbohydrate diet support, and the average carbohydrate prescription was 63g/day (22-253g/day) which translated to a 37% reduction from baseline. HbA1c reduced from 9.0% (75mmol/mol) to 7.0% (53mmol/mol) (-5.7 to -0.1%), with an average follow-up of 55weeks (n=8). Estimated A1c reduced from 7.1% (54mmol/mol) to 6.3% (45mmol/mol) (-2.9 to+0.6%) over 21 weeks (n=19). Mean total daily insulin reduced from 44 to 31 U/day (-46 to+6 U/day), with an average follow-up of 17 weeks (n=15). Conclusions: This study provides real-world insights into the clinical application of RC diets in the management of adults with T1D at a community-based diabetes centre. Prospective clinical trials are needed to conclusively determine the effects of RC diets on clinical T1D outcomes.


Serial recall experiments study the ability of humans to recall words in the order in which they occurred. The following serial recall effects are generally investigated in studies with humans: word length and frequency, primacy and recency, semantic confusion, repetition, and transposition effects. In this research, we investigate neural language models in the context of these serial recall effects. Our work provides a framework to better understand and analyze neural language models and opens a new window to develop accurate language models.


The frequency dependence of the complex susceptibility of five colloidal suspensions of magnetite in Isopar M, with different particle concentrations, has been measured. From the results obtained it is deduced that particle to particle interaction has a negligible effect on the susceptibility over the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 MHz.


Plant industry is one of technology-intensive and most prosperous industries in Korea because of its recent prosperity and promising outlook in export. However, no Korean EPC company has yet been well prepared in lifting their capacity sufficient enough to get the upstream conceptual or basic design and engineering orders for sizable plant projects which are known as the more value-added. If systems engineering, a methodology which developed complex systems such as airplanes and has been justified its effectiveness in Defense and NASA projects, can be integrated with plant engineering which should be developed and applied based on the requirements of so many stakeholders, conditions, lifecycle concepts, and constraints of the projects, huge synergic effect is expected particularly in developing a specific upstream design, which is a conceptual or basic design. The notion of integration with each other between systems engineering and plant engineering can be really the crux of EPC`s success in any plant projects. This paper suggests an approach showing a methodology how to dig out, analyze, evaluate, verify and implement the stakeholders` requirements into a plant design in conceptual phase using the theory and skills of systems engineering. ISO/IEC 15288 well known systems engineering standards is used. Carbon capture system is used for a case study, for it is an emerging technology in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide causing global warming from flue gas after combustion. Here systems engineering was proven to play a substantial role in enhancing the capability of designers in developing a conceptual design of whole plant or certain part of crucial plant systems.


A
 variety of molecular assemblies have been prepared from a new kind of amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly[2-(β-D-glucopoyranosyloxy)ethyl
 acrylate] (PSt-b-PGEA). The morphologies include spheres, vesicles, tubules,
 porous spheres and large compound vesicles. These molecular assemblies are similar in morphology to the so-called
 ''crew-cut
'' aggregates that have been systematically studied by Eisenberg's group and were prepared in the same manner.
 The preparation of such molecular assemblies was carried out by first dissolving the copolymer in a common solvent,
 followed by addition of water to freeze the polystyrene block. The solvents used in this report were N,N-dimethylformamide
 (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane and their mixtures. It has been observed that by changing the
 solvent, or the solvent mixture, different morphologies can be obtained from a single copolymer, and the transformation of these morphologies can be easily adjusted by changing the composition of the solvent mixture.
 One typical example is the morphological transitions between tubules and vesicles of PSt77-b-PGEA6, which
 is initially dissolved in mixed THF–DMF solvent. These molecular assemblies contain a high density of glucose moieties
 on the surface, therefore, they may find applications as cellular-specific drug delivery systems or
 be used
 as building
 blocks for highly ordered supramolecular architectures.


In view of the uranium prospecting characteristics in Changpai uranium exploration area of Guangdong Province,such as low ore grade,small ore body,and great depth,the authors employed improved dynamic geogas survey.During sampling,a couple of capturing agents were serially connected.On the basis of the premise of stationary sampling time,the sampling quantity of geogas was improved by approximately 50%.Before ICP-MS analysis,all geogas samples were concentrated from 40 mL to 5 mL,which improved the element concentrations in samples by 3~11 times.On the basis of this improvement,the elements with lower concentrations in geogas could be easily detected,and the analycial error was reduced effectively.The experimental results show that the improved measures can result in higher detection sensitivity of dynamic geogas survey and can further improve the prospecting effect of geogas survey.


This paper,combining the process of compiling series of textbooks Chinese Study in University and from the aspect of the the nature of Chinese textbook for minority,discusses specific embodiment of Chinese language text book for minority and the main way to enhance the direction of Chinese textbook for minority.That is doing materials demand analysis and reflecting the direction in the process of designing and compiling of teaching materials.