The possible use of loosely bound Rydberg atoms for remote gravimetric measurements is explored. The first-order corrections to the nonrelativistic nS and nP states for n>2 are obtained for the first time. A procedure to evaluate corrections of any order is outlined and applied to the 1S state in a spherical symmetry. It is shown that observations of the effects described in this Letter near objects of neutron-star-like densities are possible in principle only in the absence of significant magnetic fields


The 2nd and 3rd members of the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene are the major oil and gas exploration targets in the Suizhong 30-3 structure.They were formed in a nearshore subenvironment filled by lacustrine fan facies.The nearshore sublacustrine fan sandstone has good reservoir properties for oil accumulation.Viewing the great difficulties in cross-well stratigraphic correlation and reservoir prediction for a complex fault system with rapid facies changes as such,we established an initial wave impedance model,and carried out constrained sparse pulse quasi-wave impedance inversion,based on fine calibration of well-seismic,wavelet extraction and structural interpretation using the commercial software Jason6.2.Based on the inversion quasi-wave impedance data volume,plane distribution maps for the three sets of sand bodies in the 2nd member of the Shahejie Formation were extracted,one favorable target area in south-central of Suizhong 30-3 structure was predicted and well locations were recommend.


With the increase of the number of construction projects on soft ground due to the growth of regional industry, various construction problems related to soft soil behavior have also been reported. Especially, foundation piles of abutments and/or buildings which were constructed on soft ground have suffered from a great deal of stability problems due to excessive displacement accompanied by the lateral flow of soft ground. Although many researchers have studied this problem, it is still difficult to assess the mechanism of lateral flow quantitatively. Furthermore, a reliable design method for the judgment of lateral flow occurrence is not established yet. In this study, an advanced pattern recognition theory – i.e., the support vector machine (SVM) theory – was applied to develop a soft computing model for the judgment of lateral flow occurrence based on real data compiled from Korea and Japan. Predicted results from SVM models were compared with those from the conventional empirical methods. It has been found that the proposed SVM pattern recognition model can predict lateral flow occurrence practically and more accurately than the conventional empirical methods.


In this paper we determine the irreducible projective representations of sporadic simple groups over an arbitrary algebraically closed field F, whose image contains an almost cyclic matrix of prime-power order. A matrix M is called cyclic if its characteristic and minimum polynomials coincide, and we call M almost cyclic if, for a suitable α ∈F, M is similar to diag(α·Id h , M 1), where M 1 is cyclic and 0 ≤ h ≤ n. The paper also contains results on the generation of sporadic simple groups by minimal sets of conjugate elements.


The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of the work environment and compensation on employee performance using the research object of PT Tirta Investama. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study are distribution department employees of PT Tirta Investama. While the sample in this study were 56 respondents in the distribution department of PT Tirta Investama. All tests using the Smart PLS Application show that all tests get scores above the required values so that the tests are declared reliable. This study uses a data analysis design in the form of descriptive statistics and PLS analysis. The results of the study show that the influence of the work environment can affect the performance of employees of PT Tirta Investama, as well as compensation that can encourage the performance of employees of PT Tirta Investama.


Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in tumor progression. We aimed to determine if the renin angiotensin system has a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell EMT.


This study was done to establish relationships between management and sanitary practices on ewe dairy farms and the quality of milk produced. For this purpose, a survey was carried out on 118 farms and a total of 121,117 animals in the Castilla-La Mancha region (Southeast Spain) in which the veterinarians of the Association of Sanitary Defence participated. Flocks varied considerably in size, ranging from 120-7,200 sheep, with an average milking period lasting 3-5 months and milk yields of between 50 and 150 litres per lactation by mechanical systems on 75.0% of farms. Sanitary practices during milking are still not commonplace; 53.3% performed post milking teat disinfection, 37.0% did the California mastitis test, 31.1% had a dry therapy programme and only 18.6% of farms kept records of animals with clinical mastitis. Nonetheless, the results revealed that 42.7% of the farms surveyed showed good quality hygienic milk (bulk milk somatic cell count, BMSCC < 600 × 10 3 cells mL ‐1 ). On most farms, the rate of animals with clinical mastitis was less than 5.0%, while that of subclinical mastitis cases was less than 5.0% on 25.6% of farms. Certain factors like mechanical milking, post milking teat disinfection, recording animals with clinical mastitis and controlling the frequency of animals with subclinical mastitis did not exceed 5.0%. Those risk factors for increased BMSCC levels were significant. Therefore, farmers are recommended to bear these factors in mind, and to instil the importance of carrying out these practices when implementing a good dairy farm practices system. Additional key words: ewe milk, good dairy farming practices, milk quality.


Calcium is a widely used cellular signal, making it challenging to study in specific cells within living animals. Beerman et al. developed a transgenic system to control calcium flux in specific cell types in zebrafish larvae (Fig. 1). Cellspecific expression of the rat TRPV1 (rTRPV1) calcium channel provides a precise and reversible method of controlling calcium flux by addition of capsaicin, a mammalian TRPV1 agonist with no known activity on the orthologous zebrafish channel. Capsaicin can be added directly to water at micromolar concentrations and acts within seconds to induce rapid calcium influx specifically in the TRPV1-expressing cells. Using genetically encoded calcium reporters, calcium dynamics can be observed in real time. Depending on duration and concentration of capsaicin treatment, the TRPV1-capsaicin system can generate pulses of elevated calcium, produce subcellular calcium gradients, or even induce cell death. These Gateway-compatible constructs provide a pharmacological method for controlling calcium dynamics in diverse cell types.


Myron Cohen has run clinical trials through hurricanes and civil unrest Now, the infectious disease researcher at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, says he and his colleagues are in a new situation: trying to carry out large, international trials in the midst of coronavirus lockdowns Cohen co-leads a network of HIV prevention trials, some of which have paused during the pandemic But for other studies, he says, "stopping would be of grave consequence" to participants So study teams have bought and shipped protective equipment to personnel at clinical trial sites, secured special permits where necessary for trial participants to leave their homes for medical visits, and arranged their private transportation to avoid public buses Not all clinical trials have had to go through such logistical gymnastics But across diverse fields, investigators have managed to keep treating patients who might benefit from experimental therapies Slowdowns and pauses in recruiting new participants will delay results—but for many studies, data are still flowing in


The original McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of MS were intended for the use of practicing physicians [1]. These criteria, and subsequent revisions [1-3], regard MS as a clinical problem, diagnosed by both clinical and paraclinical criteria. Emphasis is placed on the importance of obtaining objective evidence of dissemination of lesions in space and time, and the exclusion of better explanations of the clinical findings. In opposition to what might be considered a clinical 'definition' of MS, is a pathological definition, as it could be argued that tissue studies are the only way to prove an MS diagnosis and to exclude alternative diagnostic possibilities [1,4,5]. What are the relative merits of a clinical vs. pathological definition of MS? A clinical definition of MS has several difficulties. Firstly, the original criteria had low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MS in nonWestern populations: the 2010 revision of the McDonald criteria addressed this issue [3]. Secondly, a clinical definition of MS excludes subclinical cases of MS that are identifiable by pathological studies, e.g. at autopsy [4]. The real merit of using a clinical definition of MS is obviously in decision trees. That is, the division of patients in the clinical setting into MS or not-MS categories facilitates decisions about treatment options and other aspects of patient management [1-3]. As a practicing pathologist, I am tempted to argue for a pathological definition of MS, as I would expect that identification of inflammatory and demyelinating lesions typical of MS will more readily exclude Non-MS Pathologies than will clinical and paraclinical criteria. Also, a pathological definition will have optimal value in answering research questions about tissue changes in MS. However, a pathological definition of MS has several difficulties. Firstly, every pathologist is aware of both intra-observer and inter-observer variability in interpreting tissue pathology: an influential study more than 20 years ago showed that even expert pathologists, reviewing identical slides from the same breast biopsy material and applying known diagnostic criteria, often make different diagnoses [6]. Secondly, a pathological definition has minimal utility as a clinical tool, as CNS biopsies are not performed routinely in patients with putative MS and are unlikely to become part of routine assessment in the future. Thus, we are left with the clinical definition of MS. I cannot comment on the extent of intraobserver or inter-observer error among neurologists expert in MS, but expect that there must be some: the original McDonald criteria identified a subjective component to the diagnosis of MS [1]. Moreover, the clinical definition of MS is heuristic. By this, I mean that the clinical definition is a practical definition, which is neither perfect nor optimal but provides an approximation that is sufficient for its main purpose, namely to make clinical decisions.


Objective To discuss the influence of dissolved cork treatment for again angina pectoris in the acute myocardial infarction.Method Fifty-two cases with acute myocardial infarction which appeared angina pectoris early dissolved cork treatment were compared with 52 cases with acute myocardial infarction which appeared the angina pectoris non-dissolved cork treatment.Results The incidence rate of angina pectoris was 36.5% in dissolved cork group and 44.2% in non-dissolved cork group.The comparison of the two groups had no statistics significance(P0.05).Conclusion The early dissolved cork treatment for acute myocardial infarction can not prevent again ischemia after acute myocardial infarction.


There are different features, such as minutiae, orientation-based minutia descriptor, FingerCode, ridge feature map, orientation map, and density map, to represent fingerprints. Previous studies showed that the performance can be improved by combining these features through a fusion strategy. However, the more features are used, the more time is consumed. In fingerprint verification application, it is tolerated for the system is one-to-one matching. But in automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) which is one-to-N matching (N is the number of fingerprint in the database and it is usually very large), it is not acceptable. In this paper, a fast algorithm for multi-feature based fingerprint identification is proposed. A hierarchical strategy is utilized to quickly discard most false matchings in different stages. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the searching time a lot while preserves the searching ratio.


We investigate the {sup 1}S{sub 0} neutron and proton superfluidity in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter. We have concentrated on the isospin dependence of the pairing gaps and the effect of a microscopic three-body force. It is found that as the isospin asymmetry goes higher, the neutron {sup 1}S{sub 0} superfluid phase shrinks gradually to a smaller density domain, whereas the proton one extends rapidly to a much wider density domain. The three-body force turns out to weaken the neutron {sup 1}S{sub 0} superfluidity slightly, but it suppresses strongly the proton {sup 1}S{sub 0} superfluidity at high densities in nuclear matter with large isospin asymmetry.


Modeling of the mobile radio channel is considered. Starting from a physical model, a frequency domain description of the channel is obtained. It is then shown that the effect of fading and dispersion can be entirely modeled using frequency transform techniques. Due to the band-limitation of the simulated stochastic processes, the channel impulse response (CIR) model works on discrete time samples in both time and delay direction. Besides its computational efficiency an advantage of the technique is that the channel center frequency and the normalization unit (i.e. the sample duration T/sub s/) for the physical delay spread remain as generic parameters. The generic property of the model is its major advantage especially in the evaluation of new, unspecified scenarios. Due to the block-oriented processing, the fading-bandwidth-delay-spread product is limited for this modeling technique. Applications to typical mobile radio data transmission scenarios conclude the paper.


A CAI courseware for composites forming technology was designed by using Authorware5.0.The primary principle,production equipment,process control and corresponding products of various composites forming technology were introduced in this software.By using this CAI courseware,the students can carry out self examination and the practice quality can be improved.


This volume presents papers delivered at the 24th Annual Klutznick-Harris Symposium, held at Creighton University in October 2011. The contributors look at all aspects of the intimate relationship between Jews and clothing, through case studies from ancient, medieval, recent, and contemporary history. Papers explore topics ranging from Jewish leadership in the textile industry, through the art of fashion in nineteenth century Vienna, to the use of clothing as a badge of ethnic identity, in both secular and religious contexts. Dr. Kerry Wallach's chapter examines the uniquely Jewish engagement with fashion and attire in Weimar, Germany.


Health surveys were made on the bights, weights, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray etc. of about 1400 junior and senior high school boys, 12-17 aged, in Tokyo city, in April 1976. The results were as follows : 1. The frequency distribution of arterial blood pressure showed standard normal distribution curves. 2. The Means and Standard Deviations of systolic blood pressure were 116.41 ±11.20 in junior high school boys, and 128.33±12.48 in senior high school boys. The Means and Standard Deviations of diastolic blood pressure were 67.17±9.77and 72.72±11.03 respectively, and the blood pressure gradually increased with age. 3. According to the modified Minnesota code critetia major electrocardiographic findings were 8.4% right axis deviation, 3.3% PQ prolongation, 2.21 complete or incomplete right bundle bolck, and 1.4% sinus bradycardia. 4. According to the modified classification of essential hypertention of the I WHO Expert Committee, the population were divided into three groups with respect to the Means and Standard Deviations of the respective school age.The normotensive group (under Mean) was 72.1%, boderline hypertensive group (within+1 S. D.) 23.2%, and hypertensive group (above+ 1 S. D.) 4.7% 5. It was shown that the blood pressure correldted with the Rhorer's Index, when overweights were defined above Rhorer's Index 136 (junior hgih school boys), and 146 (senior high school boys), overweights were found more frequently in the hypertensive than in the normotensive groups (p<0.01) .


Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest nickel reserves in the world. In the Asian region, Indonesia's nickel laterite reserves are in the third position. Indonesia's nickel reserves are around 800 thousand tons or about 30% of the world's total nickel production, so that Indonesia has the potential to enjoy the demand for this stainless metal [7]. One of the companies that carry out nickel mining in Southeast Sulawesi Province is PT Gema Kreasi Perdana (GKP). As a newly established company, a variety of strategies are implemented to survive and maintain its corporate existence in the mining industry. The company needs a method for measuring performance in order to monitor and analyze company performance. Implementing a Performance Management System is one way that can be used (PMS). Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is the employed PMS in this investigation. BSC is a method for measuring the performance of a firm by bridging the gap between strategy and execution. Based on a literature review, focus group discussions (FGD), and interviews with expert practitioners in their respective fields, objective strategies are determined for each perspective. The aims and initiatives for key performance indicators (KPIs) are determined based on benchmarking with other businesses and company interviews. Data analysis and weighting from each perspective will be carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In addition to using goal strategies, the researchers cascaded the process from the Business Unit Level to the Individual Level and limited in the HRGA (Human Resource and General Affair) and Strategic Affair Division of PT Gema Kreasi Perdana. The cascading process is believed important to ensure that the company's vision, mission, and strategy are communicated clearly to all employees. The cascading process is regarded important to ensure that the company's vision, goal, and strategy are communicated clearly to each employee. This cascading produced multiple objective strategies and KPIs for HRGA and Strategic Affair Division of PT GKP. As suggestions for future research, it would be preferable for the research to cascade to all levels within each division in the company.


The green synthesis strategy was established for textile finishing, aiming at development of antimicrobial-printed cotton and silk fabrics. The synthesis referred to the treatment of these fabrics with chitosan of low, medium and high molecular weights using different concentrations of each. This was followed by screen printing using a natural dye extracted from prickly pears. Thus, the obtained fabrics were monitored for nitrogen, color strength and antimicrobial activity. The results signify that the chitosan concentration and its molecular weight determine the magnitudes of both antimicrobial activity and color strength. Utilization of chitosan of medium or high molecular weight at a concentration of 2% in the treating solution inhibits completely the growth of s. aureus and E. coli, which represent two types of bacteria, namely gram +ve and gram −ve. Meanwhile, the color strength assumes the highest values. The antimicrobial activities of the treated fabrics with respect to other strains of bacteria and their color strength were reported. Also reported was the mode of interactions of chitosan with cotton and silk fabrics as well as a comparison between the results obtained from these two substrates.


The gate bias and temperature instability of InGaZnO TFTs were improved by adopting double stacked channel layer (DSCL). The mechanism of Vth shift under stress was studied by this structure. An interface with of less oxygen plasma damaging and lower oxygen vacancies in bulk were achieved by DSCL, resulting in a higher stability of Vth.


The evolution of computer-based music systems has gone from computer-aided composition, which transposed the traditional paradigms of music composition to the digital realm, to complex feedback systems that allow for rich multimodal interactions. Yet, a lot of interactive music systems still rely on outdated principles in the light of modern situated cognitive systems design. Moreover, the role of human emotional feedback, arguably an important feature of musical experience, is rarely taken into account into the interaction loop. We propose to address these limitations by introducing a novel situated synthetic interactive composition framework called the SMuSe (for Situated Music Server). The SMuSe is based on the principles of parallelism, situatedness, emergence and emotional feedback and is built on a cognitively plausible architecture. It addresses questions at the intersection of music perception and cognition while being used as a creative tool for interactive music composition.


The process for recording attendance depends on a variety of variables including the quantity of participants, locations, events and time intervals where attendance must be collected. Recording and collecting attendance for an event or program is very much essential to keep track of the intended audience. For example, in schools and colleges roll call can be used to take attendance for the presenteeism in the classroom. Similarly, you can use this process for programs or events with a smaller number of participants. If participants have more attendance maintaining system is tedious process, if it is done manually. So, there is a need for an effective attendance system so that it can monitor the presents in all the ways. So here a multifarious face attendance system is implemented which involves machine learning and deep learning for face detection using MT-CNN and VGGFace2 large scale face recognition dataset model. The execution of this attendance system can be demonstrated for the educational institution. So, the problem of fraudulent attendance and proxies can be resolved by utilizing this technique. The main task of this system is to recognize multiple faces using VGGFace2 and map attendance based on it. So that thereby allowing us to analyze the attendees of the program or function. Following this, the discovered faces can be compared by cross-referencing with the student face database. The attendance and records of attendees can be effectively maintained with the help of this effective technique.


The FAA pilot knowledge test is a multiple-choice assessment tool designed to measure the extent to which applicants for FAA pilot certificates and ratings have mastered a corpus of required aeronautical knowledge. All questions that appear on the test are drawn from a database of questions that is made available to the public. The FAA and others are concerned that releasing test questions may encourage students to focus their study on memorizing test questions. To investigate this concern, we created our own database of questions that differed from FAA questions in four different ways. Our first three question types were derived by modifying existing FAA questions: (1) rewording questions and answers; (2) shuffling answers; and (3) substituting different figures for problems that used figures. Our last question type posed a question about required knowledge for which no FAA question currently exists. Forty-eight student pilots completed one of two paper-and-pencil knowledge tests that contained a mix of these experimental questions. The results indicate significantly lower scores for some question types when compared to unaltered FAA questions to which participants had prior access.


In this paper we study the infiniteness of Hilbert 3-class field tower of real cubic function fields over , where mod 3. We also give various examples of real cubic function fields whose Hilbert 3-class field tower is infinite.


For downlink scheduling and link adaptation in providing feedback to the eNB in an LTE network, the UE channel quality index; issues the CSI (channel state information) report containing (CQI channel quality index). The reported CQI shall include all UE receiver processing capabilities, including NAICS (network assisted interference cancellation and suppression) ability to remove and suppress interference. It is describe means that may be taken in order to provide a more accurate CSI reported by the terminal with a capability NAICS.


In its time the Spanish Civil War provoked an outpouring of sympathy throughout the international community and an accompanying amount of historical literature since then. Spain's Republic was the most celebrated cause of the popular front period (1935–1939), offering a test-case for the anti-fascist alliance the front was intended to foster. Yet as Daniel Kowalsky explained recently concerning the Soviet Union's role in Spain, ''The subject of solidarity and relief aid . . . has received scant attention in Western secondary literature.'' When it is mentioned at all, scholars – depending on their political persuasion – have generally classified Spanish republican aid as one small component of the popular front where participants in front activities are characterized as either a broad coalition or serving only the interests of the Comintern. The recent trend toward micro-level histories of communism (i.e. biographies, cityand


There are other ethical and legal dilemmas inherent in balancing a pedophile's right to limited confidentiality with society's right to protect its children. For example, we need to further consider the implications of a therapist's duty to disclose patient records if a case does ever reach court (12). We also need to examine our new awareness of young children who have been abused and then proceed to abuse others while they are still children. Should these abusreactive children be assessed as dangerous to other children, and should we then report them and warn all of their peers? As Mr. S's case illustrates, there are no simple solutions. But it is hoped that clinicians will continue to recognize their own rights and responsibilities while they seek to protect their position as effective therapists, a position that must be fortified if we are to protect our patients and our society's children.


An integral ignition unit (1) has a coil portion (3) and a connector portion (2). The winding portion (3) has a spring (7) as an inner connecting part. The spring (7) connects other inner terminal portions of the connector portion (2) electrically. When the winding portion (3) and the connector portion (2) are made in one piece, the spring (7) is pressed and elastically deforms in the axial direction. The return spring force of the spring (7) maintains a stable electrical connection with, and prevents the interruption of the spring (7) and the connecting part due to a vibration. This construction prevents a failure of the electrical conduction between the winding portion (3) and the connector portion (2).


Petroleum fuels are increasingly reduced in line with the increasing industry and population. A potential alternative renewable energy source to replace fuel is biodiesel. The process of making biodiesel that is commonly done is the process of transesterification with glycerol byproducts which is difficult to separate. The method used in this study is the method of interesterification, namely by replacing the methyl alcohol group with a methyl group from methyl acetate with triacetin byproducts. The operating conditions of the process are 250 grams of palm oil mass, 1% wt KOH catalyst mass. oil, reaction temperature 60 ⁰C, stirring speed 800 rpm, mass of co-solvent methyl ester (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% wt. oil) and reaction time (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes). The results of the research have been obtained the highest yield with the addition of co-solvent methyl ester of 20% by weight of oil in the reaction time of 30 minutes is 92.43 %.The biodiesel product produced meets SNI 7182:2015 which is an acidic value <0.5 mg-KOH/g.


A dot matrix display panel with a thin film transistor and the manufacturing method therefor, the panel being so constructed that a gate insulating layer and a semiconductor layer are provided as one laminated film substantially equal in the size thereto on an insulating substrate having a gate electrode and in a region of the substrate except for the peripheral portion thereof, and a source electrode and a drain electrode come into contact with the semiconductor layer in a region covering the gate electrode and gate insulating layer so as to constitute a thin film transistor array substrate, so that a display medium is sandwiched between the array substrate and the substrate having a transparent electrode.


SUMMARY The critical psychiatry movement has a part to play in correcting some of the exaggerated claims sometimes made by inveterate optimists in our profession. But it has gone too far in creating increasingly destructive commentaries that add little to knowledge and only serve as a brake on progress. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.


The UK broiler industry depends on soya as a dietary protein source. Other vegetable protein sources, including rape, are used with caution because of the risk of poor performance and poor litter quality, or meat taint. A better understanding of the young chickens' responses to rape would enable a more flexible approach to its use in broiler diets. This study examined the effects of feeding increasing concentrations of either rapeseed meal (RSM) or whole rapeseed (WR) to broilers grown to 42-d-old. For both RSM and WR, UK grown blends were used. Nine concentrations of RSM were fed between 0 and 21-d-old and these ranged from 0 to 160 g/kg RSM with equal increments of 20 g/kg. Between 22 and 42-d-old, birds previously fed either 0, 20, 40 or 60 g/kg RSM remained on the same concentration, but birds previously fed 80 g/kg RSM or more were fed 0 g/kg RSM. Six concentrations of WR were fed between 0 and 42-d-old and these ranged from 0 to 100 g/kg WR, with equal increments of 20 g/kg WR. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, balanced for essential amino acids and isoenergetic. In both studies the diets were fed on a separate sex basis. The design of the study was fully factorial and the treatments were fully randomised in a controlled environment house. There were three replicates per sex of the control diet and two replicates per sex of the other diets. Each replicate pen contained 22 chicks at 0-d-old. Measurements were made of live weight, feed usage and mortality. Litter friability was assessed and litter dry matter and nitrogen contents were determined. Feeding increasing concentrations of RSM reduced male live weight linearly at 14-d-old (P < 0.01) and 21-d-old (P < 0.05) and female live weight at 14-d-old (P < 0.05). Live weights at 35 and 42-d-old were not affected by RSM concentration. There was no effect of feeding RSM on feed usage or FCE between 0 and 21-d-old, or on FCE between 0 and 42-d-old (Table). However, feed usage between 0 and 42-d-old was affected by RSM concentration, although not in a consistent manner (P < 0.05). The lowest feed usages between 0 and 42-d-old were in birds fed 20 g/kg RSM throughout and 80 g/kg RSM to 21-d-old, followed by 0 g/kg RSM from 22 to 42-d-old. The highest feed usages were in birds fed 40 g and 60 g/kg RSM throughout and birds fed 120 g/kg RSM to 21-d-old, followed by 0 g/kg RSM meal from 22 to 42-d-old. Birds fed high concentrations of RSM (80 to 160 g/kg) between 0 and 21-d-old, followed by 0 g/kg rapeseed meal from 22-d-old, performed similarly from 22-d-old to those fed 0 g/kg throughout the study. Increasing the dietary concentration of WR reduced male live weight linearly at 42-d-old (P < 0.01) and female live weight at 14-d-old (P < 0.01), 21-d-old (P < 0.05), 35-d-old (P < 0.01) and 42-d-old (P < 0.01). Feed usage between 0 and 21-d-old in the males was not affected by dietary WR concentration, but feed usage between 22 and 42-d-old and between 0 and 42-d-old was reduced linearly as the concentration of WR increased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In the females, increasing the dietary concentration of WR reduced feed usage linearly between 0 and 21-d-old (P < 0.05), between 22 and 42-d-old (P < 0.001) and between 0 and 42-d-old


We address the problem of Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) and describe centralized Self Organizing Network (SON) solutions that can optimize connected-mode mobility Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Our solution extends the earlier work of eICIC parameter optimization [7], to heterogeneous networks with mobility, and outline methods of progressive complexity that optimize the Retaining/Offloading Bias which are macro/pico views of Cell Individual Offset parameters. Simulation results under real LTE network deployment assumptions of a US metropolitan area demonstrate the effects of such solutions on the mobility KPIs. To our knowledge, this solution is the first that demonstrates the joint optimization of eICIC and MRO.


Schrems vs. Commissioner : A Precedent for the CJEU to Intervene in the National Intelligence Surveillance Activities of Member States?


The invention provides a manufacturing method of body lotion by taking Pullulan polysaccharide and sericin bioactive peptide as main raw materials. According to the method, the body lotion is manufactured by using the Pullulan polysaccharide and the sericin bioactive peptide which are taken as main components and other auxiliary components in a matching way. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: 1. carrying out alkaline solution eluting and primary hydrolysis on sericin proteins; 2. separating and concentrating sericin protein liquid; 3. carrying out ultrasonic auxiliary enzymolysis on the sericin proteins; 4. separating the sericin bioactive peptide; 5. dissolving the Pullulan polysaccharide; and 6. preparing the body lotion by taking the Pullulan polysaccharide and the sericin bioactive peptide as the main raw materials according to the components. The molecular weight of the sericin bioactive peptide formed by using hydrolysis is in a range of 5000-20000Da; the sericin bioactive peptide is more easily absorbed by the skin than macromolecular proteins; and the effect of the sericin bioactive peptide is far better than that of the traditional collagen. The raw materials of the sericin bioactive peptide are selected from cocoon shells abandoned during a silk industry; and a secondary resource is effectively utilized and the production cost is greatly reduced.


Aiming at the disadvantage of traditional differential evolution,namely,existing some stagnating individuals in the evolutionary process,a novel differential evolution algorithm based on elite-cloudy mutation(ECMDE) is proposed in this study.In the proposed algorithm,stagnation generation of each individual is counted in the evolutionary process.Moreover,an individual is executed by the elite-cloudy mutation to approach the best individual when the stagnation generation of the individual is more than a pre-defined threshold value.Thus,it can accelerate the convergence speed.Additionally,in order to increase the population diversity,it executes the opposition-based learning operator with a certain probability.Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm obtains promising performance in both solution precision and convergence speed.


autonomic function tests revealed that they had no specific disorders except for anhidrosis. However, some abnormalities existed in their serum biochemistry data, such as the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, c-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Although we could not detect the specific autoantibody in these patients, some circumstantial evidences, especially in multiple organ dysfunction, pointed to these clinical manifestations as autoimmune diseases. Treatment involved IVIG infusions (400 mg/kg) during 3–4 h for 5 days. From 1 week after the beginning of the treatment, the skin of both patients tended to be wet, and approximately 3 weeks after the start of treatment, generalized sweating was confirmed (Fig. 1b). Moreover, these patients have had no recurrence for a long period. As an interesting finding, both patients also manifested improved liver function at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment. Onaka et al. described a 43-year-old woman who had acute idiopathic pandysautonomia complicated by acute pancreatitis or liver injury. It is also possible that our two patients had an autoimmune hepatitis affected by AIGA. Although the association of these two disease entities has never been reported before, the clinical association between multiple sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis is known. Recent data indicate that the presence of anti-PGAM1 autoantibody is a common finding in both autoimmune hepatitis and immune-mediated neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Novel autoantibodies may occur in both autoimmune hepatitis and AIGA, which may suggest a common immunological background. In conclusion, IVIG may be an effective therapeutic agent for patients with AIGA, especially those with liver injury and repeated recurrences. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 15K19184, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 15K08620.


Magnetic rotary encoder plays an important part in detecting system.Magnetic rotary encoder has simple frame,realizes micromation easily and is adaptable in harsh environment.But its resolution and accuracy are low,which limit the improvement and application.This paper aimed at improving the design of a two-pole magnetic encoder.It adopted new type of magnet structure to design contactless sensor,used TMS320vc5509a to process signal.The design improved the quality of signal by digital filter,improved resolution and accuracy by interpolation theory.The system realizes 1 024 p/r absolute output,and its accuracy is 8 bits.


The contemporary directions of art galleries worldwide are changing as social patterns and demands, and visitor expectations of their experiences at art galleries change. New programs and strategies are being developed in galleries to make these institutions more appealing to people who would not normally visit them. One such strategy is the staging of special events, which in galleries take a variety of forms. As special events are increasingly being employed by galleries to inspire new audiences, it is important that these institutions develop an awareness of how their visitors understand and respond to such events. Festivals are one type of special event that visitors identify as having a distinct role and nature. This paper explores visitors' perceptions of festivals in art galleries and identifies several characteristics that distinguish festivals from other special events. These characteristics include the focus of the event, the audience attending, the degree of interactivity offered, the timing, and the place at which the event is staged. Understanding visitors' perceptions and expectations of festivals will enable galleries to develop and further enhance their programs and special events to meet visitors' needs.


Community service activities are motivated by the activities of the Ikip Budi Utomo Malang campus, namely Potential-Based Community Service (PMBP) which requires final year students to carry out this activity. PMBP activities are carried out to increase the potential of students to play an active role and be able to socialize directly with the community. In this activity, Ikip Budi Utomo students had the opportunity to go down directly to Pandanajeng Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency, where the majority of the population is vegetable farmers. Pandanajeng Village has many school-age children from those who are still in early childhood, elementary school, junior high school to senior high school. However, the focus of Ikip Budi Utomo students here is early childhood and elementary school children, because after returning home from school the children do not carry out any activities so the positive thing that can be done is learning while playing in the home environment and in Pandanajeng Village there is already a college. pencak silat as a place for training because the majority of Tamiajaeng Village children participate in the martial arts. This is what attracted the attention of Ikip Budi Utomo students to come down and meet them in person and introduce a little basic knowledge as well as fill their free time after returning from school to increase their interest in learning.


Ceric ions, from ceric ammonium sulphate dissolved in aerated 0.8 N sulphuric acid solution, are reduced by Co60 γ-rays and betatron X-rays of 23 Mev. peak energy. G values were calculated on the basis of calculated electron distributions.


To clone and express the novel gene named 60S ribosomal protein L8 gene of Taenia saginata asiatica(Ta RPL8) in order to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein.The full-length cDNA of RPL8 gene was cloned from Taenia saginata asiatica using RT-PCR;and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and then expressed in E.col i BL21 with IPTG induction.The recombinant protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography.And its immunogenicity was analyzed by Western Blotting.PCR,double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant expression plasmid was successfully constructed.The expression products were obtained and purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography.Western blot analysis of T.a.RPL8 recombinant protein testified that it could be recognized by immunized SD rat serum but couldn't be recognized by normal SD rat,which indicated its immunogenicity.It's suggested that a novel gene coding RPL8 of Taenia saginata asiatica was cloned,expressed,purified and identified successfully.The purified protein of Ta RPL8 coule be of importance for further research on the biological function of the gene.


Loudspeaker (12) plane having first and second major surfaces, including the speaker (12) plane at least one array of microspeaker and apparatus protection cover powder, the flat loudspeaker characterized apparatus cover dustproofing being comprising: a cover member covering at least one of the main surfaces, including the cover member a film (10) of thin, transparent polymer, wave sound and tight pressure, wherein the film thickness ( 10) it is less than 10 microns.


This paper shows that characteristic features of Puranic cosmology, such as alternating cosmic continents and oceans of successively doubling areas, can be traced to Vedic texts. The Rigveda speaks of seven regions of the universe, and Yajnavalkya, in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, presents a cosmology that has all the essential features of the Puranic system. This discovery solves the old puzzle of the origin of Puranic astronomy.


[Objective]To investigate the CT characteristics of the agger nasi cells and the patterns of superior attachment of the uncinate process (UP),and to explore the relationship between those and frontal sinusitis. [Methods]Coronal CT scans of 564 paranasal sinuses were divided into three groups, which those without paranasal sinusitis were enrolled in the normal group (group A),and those with frontal and other sinusitis were enrolled in the frontal and other sinusitis group (group B) and those with frontal sinusitis without other sinusitis were enrolled in the isolated frontal sinusitis group (group C). The prevalence of agger nasi cell and four patterns of superior attachment of the UP in group A, B and C were calculated and analyzed. Subsequently the vertical and transverse diameters of agger nasi cells of patients were measured. Then the results were analyzed. [Results]The prevalence of agger nasi cells between group A and group B or C were statistically significant (P0.05). Compared with patients in group A, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients in group B and C were larger (P0.05). The UP which was attached to papyracea lamina in group A were less than that in group B or C (P0.05). [Conclusion]There is significant relationship between agger nasi cells and the frontal sinusitis. The larger of agger nasi cells, the easier to cause the frontal sinusitis. Frontal sinus outflow tract is affected by the superior attachment of the UP. There is a statistically significant relation between the presence of frontal sinusitis and the frontal sinus outflow tract, which is medial to the superior attachment of the UP.


We introduce the simultaneous optimisation of water-use effi ciency and nitrogen-use effi ciency of canopy photosynthesis. As a vehicle for this idea we consider the optimal leaf area for a plant in which there is no self-shading among leaves. An emergent result is that canopy assimilation over a day is a scaled sum of daily water use and of photosynthetic nitrogen display. The respective scaling factors are the marginal carbon benefi ts of extra transpiration and extra such nitrogen, respectively. The simple approach successfully predicts that as available water increases, or evaporative demand decreases, the leaf area should increase, with a concomitant reduction in nitrogen per unit leaf area. The changes in stomatal conductance are therefore less than would occur if leaf area were not to change. As irradiance increases, the modelled leaf area decreases, and nitrogen/leaf area increases. As total available nitrogen increases, leaf area also increases. In all the examples examined, the sharing by leaf area and properties per unit leaf area means that predicted changes in either are less than if predicted in isolation. We suggest that were plant density to be included, it too would further share the response, further diminishing the changes required per unit leaf area.


The emergence of computer interlocking simulation system relieves the pressure on railway research and training,and it has been widely applied in the railway system.This paper presents a new type of network computer interlock simulation system,which is different from the traditional stand-alone mode or C/S mode computer interlocking simulation system.It is based on B/S mode,and it is a new type of simulation training system which can be direct accessed from browser-side.This paper presents a method of Web reengineering,in which the functions of the traditional stand-alone computer interlocking software are loaded to the dynamic link library(DLL).The web programming language C# is used to call these functions in the DLL in order to achieve Web access function,to maximize the realization of code reuse,and to reduce the costs of software development.


Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding adaptor related protein complex 2 sigma 1 subunit, AP2S1, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. AP2S1 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. AP2S1 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of AP2S1 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. AP2S1 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.


A second-generation portable L-band radiometer is presented for use in turfgrass management applications and golf course soil moisture mapping. The "turfRad" has been optimized for ease-of-use and for the conditions in operational turfgrass management. This is the first known use of a vehicle-mounted L-band radiometer for turfgrass soil moisture mapping for irrigation decision-making. Preliminary results, including dual-polarization brightness temperatures and retrieved soil moisture, are presented. The single-parameter soil moisture retrieval using the Tau-Omega emission model with constant vegetation optical depth is chosen due to the high level of vegetation uniformity in the fairway areas.


Confirmatory factor analysis of responses by 211 preadolescents (M age = 10.25 years,SD = 1.48) with mild intellectual disabilities (MIDs) to the individually administered Self Description Questionnaire I–Individual Administration (SDQI-IA) counters widely cited claims that these children cannot differentiate multiple self-concept factors. Results provide clear support for the a priori eight-factor solution, modest correlations between the factors (Mdn r = .38), substantial reliabilities (Mdn = .90), and invariance of the factor solution over gender, age, and educational placement (regular vs. special, segregated classes). Also introduced is a new hybrid compromise between multigroup and multipleindicator-multiple-cause (MIMIC) approaches to latent mean differences. Consistent with a priori predictions, preadolescents with MIDs have lower self-concepts in segregated classes than in regular classes for three academic self-concept scales (reading, math, and general-school) and, to a lesser extent, peer relationships and global selfesteem, but not for the other three nonacademic components of self-concept (physical, appearance, and parent relationships).


of the latter substance the lo*grithm of a was plotted with the density in order to bring out more clearly the relation of the various 5 values to the density although an inspection of the tabulated values show that a is constant. It might be added that helium, while the data are less extensive, gives identically the same result as does argon. In tables 1 and 2 will be found the comparisons of the pressures calculated for the volumes and temperatures as given by Amagat for nitrogen and Crommelin for argon. The nitrogen pressures calculated show about as good an agreement throughout with the observed pressures as could be expected.


With the rapid development of microelectronic information technology, microelectronic packaging has higher requirements in terms of integration density, signal transmission speed, and passive component integration. Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) exhibit excellent dielectric properties and low temperature sintering properties, which meets the above-mentioned requirements. This work investigates the effects of CaF2 doping (0–16 mol%) on the glass structure, sintering behavior, crystallization, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of the CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) glass-ceramic system. Glass-ceramics were prepared using the conventional melting and quenching method. The physical and chemical properties of the glass-ceramics were analyzed using various techniques including TMA, SDT, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and a network analyzer. The results indicate that CaF2 doping can effectively reduce the sintering temperature and softening temperature of CBS ceramics. It also substantially improves the densification, dielectric, and mechanical properties. The appropriate amount of CaF2-doped CBS glass-ceramics can be sintered below 800 °C with a low dielectric constant and loss at high frequency (εr < 6, tanδ < 0.02 @ 10~13 GHz). Specifically, 8 mol% CaF2 doped CBS glass-ceramics sintered at 790 °C exhibit excellent microwave dielectric and thermal properties, with εr ~ 5.92 @ 11.4 GHz, tanδ ~ 1.59 × 10−3, CTE ~ 7.76 × 10−6/°C, λ ~ 2.17 W/(m·k), which are attractive for LTCC applications.


The article is devoted to the disclosure of national images of the world by means of which the Bashkir writer Mustai Karim reflects the national culture of the Bashkirs, their life, worldview and also lots of diverse characters representing in total a complete art picture of the Bashkir people's life. Analyzing the prose of the Bashkir poet, the author notes that from all the prose of Mustai Karim the outlook and national culture of the Bashkir people in the best way are reflected in the story "Long-long Childhood" (1978) which is in many respects the autobiographical. Relying on the ideas of the Russian culturologist G.D. Gachev, the author of the article pays special attention to the disclosure of the vivifying force of nature, habitat of the Bashkir people (Space) which influenced the formations of a psychological type of the nation (Psycho) and found its completion in the figurative word (Logo). The article also examines the temporal and spatial organization of the story. Mustai Karim's poetry is also studied from the point of view of creation of the art world, including the key cycle "Europe-Asia" The author makes a conclusion about the unity of prosaic and poetic principles in the works of the poet that creates a unique national art picture of the world by means of national images.


ministrator, in fact plays a dominant role in a united cabinet" (p. 76). Metro's first chairman pursued a "gradualist" strategy in bringing issues before the Council. Only those issues upon which there would be a high level of consensus were initiated. The effect of this policy was greater emphasis on public works projects rather than on programs in the nonconstruction field. The Chairman believed that by pursuing noncontroversial issues first, unity would eventually develop on the Council and permit the consideration of "soft" programs. According to Kaplan, ". . . Gardiner's gradualist strategy was a failure" (p. 121). As far as the application of this strategy to the United States is concerned, it is doubtful that American urban areas can afford the luxury of a "gradualist" approach. Gardiner's legislative strategy was also governed by the norm of regional parity—that each municipality receive benefits roughly in line with its tax contribution to Metro. Although this norm may contribute to integration, it would not facilitate the resolution of many urban problems in the United States that require some degree of redistribution of resources. And, it is this type of problem that is the most critical in many urban areas. Kaplan found the level of group influence in Metro to be very low, and he delineates ten factors that seek to explain the "low pressure environment." The author's conclusions about group influence are quite similar to V. O. Key's "opinion dikes." Group influence was found to be more the ability to help structure Council's general attitudes than the ability to affect the course of decision-making in specific instances. The book is well-written and exceptionally well documented. The extensive footnotes provide an excellent bibliography of both functional theory and urban politics. The emphasis is theoretical exposition, and the author comments that students more interested in Metro than in theory may be disappointed. The book's orientation requires no apology. The literature on urban politics is abundant with purely descriptive studies, but few exist that soundly combine a conceptual framework with a specific research problem. Professor Kaplan's book is a valuable contribution toward achieving this combination that is so badly needed if an understanding of urban politics is to develop. —JAMES L. COX, University of Delaware.


The juxtaposition of the temporal element on traditional architecture has created the possibility of a non-hierarchical, "nomadic" space (-Deleuze) which calls for an intriguing phenomenological experience of the inhabitants, in relationship to their architectural space. The paper explores some current theories which propagate these ideas of virtual reality/realism in an attempt to understand the contradictions and connections they make with the "tangible" world. Drawing from Kant's position that "Nothing that is predicated on its real existence is considerable" the author searches for a more universal understanding of what these virtualities want to bein this era of diluted tactility. The reason for such questions is not an attempt at ad hoc compartmentalization of these ideas, but more to find a place and meaning in the inevitable evolutionary pattern. In conclusion, the author postulates that it is only when these scripted virtualities are conditioned through such frames of reference will they cease to be merely "temporal" spaces.


The heteroepitaxial growth of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) films on AlN/Si(100) substrates is demonstrated using a modified precursor feeding procedure of a chemical vapor deposition process. A thin (150 nm) SiC buffer layer is formed during the temperature ramp from 600 to 1200°C in the presence of the methyltrichlorosilane precursor and hydrogen gas. The deposited 3C-SiC thin film exhibits a sharp Raman transverse optical 3C-SiC peak, a strong X-ray diffraction intensity for the SiC(111) peak, and an atomically abrupt SiC/AlN interface. These characteristics support that this SiC/AlN/Si layered structure is promising for the electrical isolation of top SiC layer from Si(100) substrate.


Thomas Pynchon and Toni Morrison are towering presences in American fiction of the past four decades, and future generations of literary historians will surely include these two as figures marking the great range of our era. This period has encompassed both technical innovation and new thematic depth, each trend so dynamic as to clash at times with the other. In recent years scholars have traced the dialectic from mannered realism to self-consciously antimimetic experimentation and back to a realism more comfortable with interrogations of its ethical and aesthetic base, in the process using Pynchon and Morrison as standards for an opposite effect. In this year's work, however, more than a few critics look beyond these differences to the beginnings of a synthesis that suggests how fiction developing in postmodern times may have a coherent identity.


PAMELA GARZARELLI, k LEE HOXTER, AND DAVID LESTER Richard Stockton State College' Webb and Allen (1974) noted that depression and stress are common among high school students. The present study was designed to explore sex differences in depression and stress among high school students, in a crossculcural concext. The present study compared the responses of 179 English-speaking Jamaican and 53 American high school students aged 15 to 18 yr. on the Selfrating Questionnaire for Depression (Rockliff, 1969) and che Carlson Psychological Survey (Carlson, 1982) with scales for thought disturbance, antisocial tendencies and self-depreciation. Analysis indicated that the Jamaican girls obtained higher scores on depression, thought disturbance, and self-depreciation than the other three groups. On the depression scale the mean score of the Jamaican girls was 10.2 (SD = 5.0), the Jamaican boys 6.5 (4.1), the American girls 6.1 (4.3), and the American boys 7.7 (5.0); F 1 / 1 8 6 = 12.46, p = .001). The Jamaican girls also had higher scores on thought disturbance. Ms were 31.9 (5.8) versus 26.4 (4.9), 28.4 (5.5) and 27.8 (6.0), respectively (Fl/lsa = 7.52, P = .007). They also had higher mean scores on self-depreciation, means being 20.2 (4.9) versus 17.8 (4.3), 17.1 (3.3), and 18.8 (4.9), respectively ( F I ~ I S G = 6.74, p = .01). The American boys had higher scores on ancisocial tendency than the other three groups; mean scores were 40.5 (10.5) versus 33.3 (9.4) for the Jamaican boys, 32.3 (6.7) for the American girls, and 32.4 (7.7) for the Jamaican girls ( F l I l s c = 5.10, p = .02). Age was not related to any of the measures. The Carlson Psychological Survey has a validity scale, and scores on this scale did not differentiate among groups. The deviant group was the Jamaican girls who appeared to be more maladjusted on these scales than Jamaican boys and than American girls. It is impossible to claim here that the two groups of high school students were comparable in social class, language competence, and personal characteristics. The validity of the conclusion that the Jamaican girls are the devianc group remains speculative. However, the within-Jamaica and within-USA comparisons do control for education and culture.


Fuelwood is the most significant traditional fuel in developing countries, but serious shortages already exist and are expected to worsen. To achieve an adequate understanding of fuel wood problems it is necessary to be aware of the human and non-human environmental contexts. This study has developed a methodology to facilitate the comprehensive description of fuelwood systems.
A major feature of the conceptual foundation for the methodology is the aim to minimise anthropocentric bias. A holistic environmental model based on the identification of physical, biological, and cultural factors has been adopted as the basis for a thematic approach to guide the development of a research programme. The research theme, describing fuel wood systems on the island of Tongatapu in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga, has provided a focus for a range of information collection activities.
To assist the attainment of a realistic understanding of the significance of fuelwood to domestic activities, a series of detailed structured interviews was conducted with ninety randomly selected households in six study areas. Surveys of representative agricultural allotments yielded data on relationships between tree cover and land management systems. Valuable information was also obtained from the Tongan government, research organisations, and from the literature. Profiles of the six study areas have been based on natural, domestic, cultivated, commercial, and social systems. Various interactions of elements
within these systems were examined to provide a broad comprehension of the
fuelwood situation.
Fieldwork results indicate that fuel wood is used by almost all Tongatapu
households. Fuel wood collection has contributed to significant detrimental
impacts on natural ecosystems on common land. As quantities of wood available
from such sources have declined, the proportion of households dependent on
coconut wastes as fuel has grown. The households with least control over land,
and thus with least secure access to fuelwood supplies, were those in peri-urban
Nuku'alofa. Programmes of change are needed to regain a sustainable balance
between supply and demand. To succeed, they must be well suited to local environmental conditions. A strategy to identify and implement appropriate action should be based on decisions made by those most affected by fuel wood problems.
The holistic approach taken to the Tongatapu research could provide the foundation for studies of fuelwood systems in other developing countries. The strategy suggested for initiating improvements requires local communities to be empowered to make decisions about the management of their environments. A review of approaches to development indicates that conventional centralised and market-driven mechanisms of economic development would often impede such a strategy. Locally designed and implemented programmes of change are considered to offer the best route to gaining sustainable benefits.


Abstract This paper presents electrical equivalent circuit modelling of various fractal-based UWB antennas. Three different designs have been discussed here as case studies, whose characteristics are diversified in nature. Even the implemented fractal geometries are also unique in nature for these antenna problems. An easy circuit model for each antenna structure is proposed which deciphers the insight device physics of the structure. Without applying much more complicated mathematical jugglery, the models have been presented here. Finally, a comparison of FEM simulated data and the result obtained from circuit modelling is concluded, which establishes the validity of the proposed models.


The problem of adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with input nonlinearity is studied.Firstly the existence of the ideal control is proved by using the implicit theorem.The first type fuzzy system is employed to approximate the ideal control.A novel scheme of adaptive fuzzy control with a supervisory controller is proposed.By the proper switching between the direct adaptive fuzzy controller and the supervisory controller,the resulting closed-loop system is globally stable in the sense that all signals involved are uniformly bounded.Furthermore,the adaptive compensation term of the optimal approximation error is adopted to reduce the effects of modeling errors.By Lyapunov method,the tracking error is asymptotically converged to zero.Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Significance The most important task of the mammalian zygote is to globally remodel its epigenome. Chromosomes that carried out sperm or oocyte functions are remodeled toward directing the unique totipotent state that characterizes the healthy preimplantation-stage embryo. The guiding differences in cell functions are marked on the chromosomes by interdependent epigenetic modifications including histone and DNA methylation, which both undergo global changes in the zygote. By performing genetic experiments, we found that two maternally supplied histone methyltransferase enzymes play important roles in the zygote in specifying the process of global DNA remodeling by 5-methylcytosine oxidation. Genome-wide DNA "demethylation" in the zygote involves global TET3-mediated oxidation of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the paternal pronucleus. Asymmetrically enriched histone H3K9 methylation in the maternal pronucleus was suggested to protect the underlying DNA from 5mC conversion. We hypothesized that an H3K9 methyltransferase enzyme, either EHMT2 or SETDB1, must be expressed in the oocyte to specify the asymmetry of 5mC oxidation. To test these possibilities, we genetically deleted the catalytic domain of either EHMT2 or SETDB1 in growing oocytes and achieved significant reduction of global H3K9me2 or H3K9me3 levels, respectively, in the maternal pronucleus. We found that the asymmetry of global 5mC oxidation was significantly reduced in the zygotes that carried maternal mutation of either the Ehmt2 or Setdb1 genes. Whereas the levels of 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC increased, 5mC levels decreased in the mutant maternal pronuclei. H3K9me3-rich rings around the nucleolar-like bodies retained 5mC in the maternal mutant zygotes, suggesting that the pericentromeric heterochromatin regions are protected from DNA demethylation independently of EHMT2 and SETDB1. We observed that the maternal pronuclei expanded in size in the mutant zygotes and contained a significantly increased number of nucleolar-like bodies compared with normal zygotes. These findings suggest that oocyte-derived EHMT2 and SETDB1 enzymes have roles in regulating 5mC oxidation and in the structural aspects of zygote development.


This thesis explores psychological group treatment provided to people with co-existing substance misuse and serious mental health problems in secure settings. The work presented draws from existing research evidence to design an empirical research study. Chapter one provides an introduction to the research literature relating to co-existing serious mental health problems and substance misuse, theoretical approaches to understanding aetiololgy and the links with offending behaviour. Chapter two presents a systematic literature review examining the effectiveness of substance misuse treatment provided within secure settings. The review aimed to investigate the efficacy of current structured substance misuse intervention treatment in secure settings for offenders with co-existing serious mental health problems. Chapter three provides a critique of the Stage of Change and Treatment Readiness scale, a psychometric tool widely used in the field of substance misuse treatment. The psychometric properties of this measure are critically examined and the scale's clinical utility considered. Chapter four provides a piece of empirical research exploring the efficacy of a specifically designed substance misuse group intervention developed for those with serious mental health problems within the context of two clinical settings. A mixed methods repeated measures programme evaluation design was used and is reported. Study findings are discussed in relation to methodological limitations, implications for practice and recommendations for future research. In conclusion, Chapter five discusses the full thesis findings in the context of previous literature, exploring the limitations of the current thesis and considering future directions for research and practice.


The late-Paleozoic mafic volcanics in the surrounding areas of the Gonghe basin are distributed in the Aneymaqen opbiolite zone, Zongwulong tectonic zone and Kuhai-Saishitang tectonic zone,respectively.N-MORB in the Aneymaqen ophiolite zone have higher~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr_((350Ma))ratios(0.7066~0.7084),highe_(Nd(350Ma))ratios(12.2~12.8)and low~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb initial ratios(17.72~17.79).These isotopic ratios are similar to those of the same type rocks in the Mianlue ophiolite zone and the low~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb and high ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB in Indian Ocean.The Sr and Nd isotopic rations in OIB cropped out in the same zone can be compared with the hotspot OIB in the Indian Ocean but~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios are lower,similar to the low~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd MORB in the ocean.N-MORB in the Zongwulong tectonic zone have~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr_((350Ma))ratios=0.7041~0.7058,e_(Nd(350Ma))=6.1~8.4 and~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.51~17.90, and belong to the high~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB.The continental rift basalts in the Kuhai-Saishitang zone show high~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios (0.7115和0.7104)and lowe_(Nd(350Ma))(-1.7和-2.5),and have little difference from the above MORB in~(206)Pb/~(2O4)Pb ratios(17.64和17.46).The above isotopic characteristics imply tectonic settings and contamination degree from continental crust for the mafic rocks.The Aneymaqen N-MORB are products generated in the mid-ocean ridge.The isotopic similarity to the same type rocks in the Mianlue zone indicates that they could have come from the common source region,while the Aneymaqen OIB represent materials derived from the hotspot.The Zongwulong MORB similarly belong to the depleted mantle-originated products and indicate that the zone once rifted to an ocean.The high Sr and low Nd isotopes of the marie orcks in the Kuhai-Siashitan zone reflect the strong continental crust imprint,relating to their eruption on the Precambrian basement.Combined with the low Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios from the both MORB and OIB,it can be inferred that the rocks could be derived from a source mixed between EMII and DMM materials through metasometism.Conventionally,obvious Dupal anomaly(△~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=46~103 and△~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=4~18;~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr0.704 for most samples)can mean that the MORB and OIB are remnants of oceanic crust spatially formed in the site of the present Indian Ocean. However,the more and more discoveries of the Dupal anomaly in the North hemisphere could be interpreted by"focused subduction"in an archipelagic setting like today's SE Asia.


This paper presents a new principled approach to context-aware machine translation. The proposed approach reformulates the posterior probability of a translation hypothesis given the source input by incorporating the source-context information as an additional conditioning variable. As a result, a new model component, which is referred to as the context-awareness model, is added into the original noisy channel framework. A specific computational implementation for the new model component is also described along with its main properties and limitations.


Tension wood is known to be the main mechanism for the shape control in angiosperms. An overview of the anatomical diversity of tension wood by comparison to opposite wood is presented from the result of a study on 21 species in tropical rain forest. Anatomical measurements on vessel and fibres do not allow to evidence common criteria for the high tensile stress generation. At the ultrastructural level, microfibrils angle is the only common criterion with a lower MFA in tension wood. Typical gelatinous (G-) layer appears to be present in few species only, some other species present an intermediary stage of modification between S2 and G and in some other, fibres do not present any anatomical difference between normal and tension wood. Typical gelatinous fibres do not show any evidence of producing a higher stress level than other types of tension wood. From this study, it appears that residual tension strains reach a maximum around 3500 µstrain. The presence of a maximum is discussed; it can be interpreted either as a physical limit in the mechanism generating maturation stress or as a trade-off in order prevent the stem from internal cracks. To increase the bending moment the role of opposite wood has to be taken into account. It can be observed some very low tensile stress value and sometime compression stress value on the opposite side of tension wood. Measurement of physical properties such as longitudinal shrinkage or ultrastructural features such as MFA have been done in order to prove that these compression values in angiosperms are not artefacts. Finally, few words are presented on another complementary mechanism: the growth eccentricity with the extreme case of buttresses of tropical rain forest trees.


Femtosecond laser-induced modification of Au-doped phosphate glass at different pulse repetition rates using an Yb femtosecond amplifier emitting pulses of up to 120 μJ energy at 1030 nm with adjustable repetition rate up to 100 kHz is presented. At the repetition rate as low as 1 kHz, only refractive index modification and formation of red color centers are observed. Increasing the average output laser power resulted in increase of color intensity, but this color could be easily erased by the heat treatment at 300˚C for 20 min indicating athermal nature of these laser-induced effects. By contrast, at the repetition rate from 25 kHz to 100 kHz, cumulative heating effect was demonstrated and allowed to realize for the first time one-stage laser-induced growth of Au nanoparticles in the solid glass accompanied by the appearance of a thermally stable red color. Z-scan analysis of nonlinear properties of the studied glass samples is carried out. Details of Au nanoparticles growth and phosphate glass modification by the tightly focused femtosecond laser beam are discussed.


The implementation method of large area simulation system based on CTS/Creator /VegaPrime was explored.Large area simulation system of ninety thousand sq.km.(three handred km.×three handred km.) was achieved throught same key technology.


Background: Malaria is an infection caused by mosquitoes in human beings which can be dangerous if untreated. A well known plant product, quassinoids are known to have antimalarial activity. These bioactive phytochemicals belong to the triterpene family. Quassinoids are used in the present study to act against malarial dihydrofolate reductase (Pf-DHFR), a potential antimalarial target. Nevertheless, viṣama jvara (~malaria) has been treated with the bark of Cinchona since a long time. Aim: The aim of the present experiment is to perform the protein-ligand docking for Pf- DHFR and Quassinoids and study their binding affinities. Setting and Design: The software used for the present study is the discovery studio (Accelrys 2.1), Protein Data Bank (PDB), and Chemsketch. Materials and Methods: The protein for the present study was imported from protein data bank with the PDB Id, 4dpd and was prepared for docking. The ligands used for the study are the quassinoids. They were drawn using chemsketch and the 3D structures were generated. The docking was done subsequently. Statistical Analysis Used: Molecular modeling technique was used for the protein-ligand docking analysis. Results: The docking results showed that the Quassinoids Model_1 showed the highest dock score of 40.728. Conclusion: The present study proves the promising potential of quassinoids as novel drugs against malaria. The dock results conclude that the quassinoids can be adopted as an alternative drug against malaria.


Super-resolution reconstruction technology is to explore new information between the under-sampling image series obtained from the same scene and to achieve the high-resolution picture through image fusion in sub-pixel level. The traditional super-resolution fusion methods for sub-sampling images need motion estimation and motion interpolation and construct multi-resolution pyramid to obtain high-resolution, yet the function of the human beings' visual features are ignored. In this paper, a novel resolution reconstruction for under-sampling images of static scene based on the human vision model is considered by introducing PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Network) model, which simplifies and improves the input model, internal behavior and control parameters selection. The proposed super-resolution image fusion algorithm based on PCNN-wavelet is aimed at the down-sampling image series in a static scene. And on the basis of keeping the original features, we introduce Relief Filter(RF) to the control and judge segment to overcome the effect of random factors(such as noise, etc) effectively to achieve the aim that highlighting interested object though the fusion. Numerical simulations show that the new algorithm has the better performance in retaining more details and keeping high resolution.


Interactions of correlated-ion clusters with classical plasma targets are studied in the presence of a strong laser field. General expressions of the dynamic interaction potential are derived within the framework of the linearized Vlasov–Poisson theory. Coulomb explosions and the energy losses of the cluster moving in the plasma target are simulated by solving the equations of motion for the constituent ions. Numerical results show that the laser field affects the correlation between the two ions and contributes to decrease of the plasma stopping power, as compared to the laser-free case. In addition, the Coulomb explosions and the energy losses are discussed for a range of laser parameters.


Use of an inhibitor of IL-18 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a hypersensitivity disorder type IV, wherein the inhibitor of IL-18 is selected from binding protein IL-18 (IL-18BP), a IL-18BP fused with an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, wherein the fused protein binds to IL-18, a functional derivative of IL-18BP, wherein the IL-18BP is linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG), or an active fraction thereof having an IL-18BP activity.


This paper summarizes work performed under a collaborative research effort between NASA and the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR). The objective is to develop improved understanding of the practical performance characteristics of system identification procedures for large space sructures. Results obtained using the ERA modal identification technique applied to frequency response functions from Mini-Mast are discussed. Mini-Mast is a 20-meter long generic space truss located at NASA Langley, and it serves as the first ground testbed for the CSI Guest Investigator program. Data for ERA are obtained by inverse Fourier transformation of frequency response functions generated using modern, multiple-input random excitation techniques. Modal identification proved to be difficult for this large, deployable truss structure. Techniques for optimizing accuracy and for assessing identification uncertainty and sensitivity are shown.


This experiment investigated the role of active versus passive body movement information and visual inforrnation on spatial orientation. Infants aged 13 to 15 months completed a search task that required them to retrieve a toy from one of two containers. Before search, the infants or the hidden objects were rotated 1 8O0, or no movement occurred. These displacements allowed for a manipulation of body movement information and, on the infant displacement trials, infants were either rolled around on a chair (passive self-movement) or walked around the table (active self-movement). Visual information was manipulated by having these displacements occur in a light or dark environment. Search was best following no movement and overall accuracy was significantly better in this condition than after object movement; no other differences between movement conditions were evident. The results do not indicate any facilitation of active movement on search, and are discussed with respect to previous findings.


Dimple surface is one of the surface textures that are widely studied today. In general, dimples are already well known from golf ball aerodynamics. In the case of golf balls, the application of dimples is a special form of surface roughness, which shifts the typical dropdown of the flow resistance for blunt bodies into the low Reynolds number range. Initially, the idea was to use dimples for drag reduction.


There is an intense debate about whether habitat fragmentation has a negative or positive effect on biodiversity. We examined whether species richness and incidence of forest plants were negatively or positively associated with fragmented forest configuration. We also analysed whether the results support the fragmentation threshold hypothesis with fragmentation effects only in landscapes with small habitat amount.


We have analyzed the atomic rearrangements underlying self-diffusion in amorphous Si during annealing using tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations. Two types of amorphous samples with different structural features were used to analyze the influence of coordination defects. We have identified several types of atomic rearrangement mechanisms, and we have obtained an effective migration energy of around 1 eV. We found similar migration energies for both types of samples, but higher diffusivities in the one with a higher initial percentage of coordination defects.


Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the local heat transfer coefficients of a transversely streamlined cylinder with a dense layer of bulk material in the absence and presence of vibration. The effect of vibration on the heat transfer of a cylinder with a dense layer is explained by changes in the nature of the flow around the cylinder. This effect is more significant in areas where the movement is slow and there is more thermal resistance. It is established that the effect of vibration on the heat transfer intensity depends substantially on the velocity of the dense layer. At low layer velocities, the flow around the perimeter improves under the influence of vibration: the dimensions of the stationary zone on the frontal part and the tearing zone in the stern are reduced, mixing of the particles improves on the side surfaces and, as a consequence, their contact time decreases. At low layer velocities, vibration provides a significant intensification of heat transfer along the entire perimeter: the maximum on the bottom surface of the cylinder, the smaller - the upper and the minimum on the lateral. At higher layer velocities, the intensification reaches a maximum value on the frontal surface, the heat transfer on the side surfaces does not improve, and in some cases deteriorates. At equatorial sections, where intensive mixing and continuous motion without vibration are observed at high layer velocity, vibration does not lead to an improvement in heat transfer. In some cases, it can even affect negatively, leading to loosening of the layer. With the growth of the layer velocity, the joint influence of inertia and vibration forces intensifies the mixing of the material of the stagnant zone, and when these forces exceed the frictional forces, it completely collapses.


The article "The Attributes of Educational Technologies Possessed by Innovative Teachers" analyzes the developmental tendencies of educational technologies and its operational objective and subjective factors, which are further disputed in the context of the study results gained by examining the activity areas, where competitive and innovative teachers operate. The received results claim that the innovative teacher's activity is distinguished not only for his/her aim to develop economical novelties in his/her studies content, but also to encourage student's expression of his/her competitiveness by ensuring students'cognition reflection, apprenticeship of professional object in relation to one's personality, students'critical thinking, creativity, responsibility, consistency of student's individuality and sociability. It is affirmed that while projecting the pedagogical technologies, the innovative teachers pay much attention to the developmental estimation system of students'competence. Authors see the tendency that innovative professors not only develop economic innovations in the study curriculum but stimulate students competitiveness through the reflection of knowledge; learning profession in relation with students ego; self-support; students critical thinking; creativity; responsibility; the harmony with individuality and sociality.


Ideology and politics class is a main link of political involvement in universities. How to carry out reform and creativity in ideology and politics is an important task political work in universities must face. Reform and creativity in ideology and politics class needs throbbing with the pulse of our times sharply, embodying teaching regularity deeply and meeting the needs of the students who want to be qualified persons.


This article is inserted in contemporary social and environmental considerations departing the contributions of the action theory and rationality from Max Weber. In this study we worked through in an urban forest formation process within a region of highend homes, a small municipality in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR, with interest to pursue and understand the motivations of this constitution. With this intent, the survey was conducted over a period of two months where we attend the woods and interviewed the surrounding community as well as the bodies of the municipal council, related to construction and maintenance of parks, squares and woods. It was revealed that among the many root causes of the constitution of the studied forest, the main one was the result of a social conflict between two groups of individuals who used the differently grove. Thereby it was found that the notions of nature and the environment, are decreased at other notions such as security and legislation, and above all, that the environment is not taken off the actions of individuals.


The through-wall imaging is tackled by means of a linear inverse scattering approach. In particular, in this paper we report a preliminary validation of such an approach against experimental data. To this end, a CW-SF ultra-wideband radar system is used to take measurements whereas the scattering scenario located in a controlled environment.


The paper presents FPGA implementation of half-adders, adders and multistage combinational adders on a laboratory board and a way of presenting this topic to the students at the University of Ruse making the classes more attractive for students using active learning methods.


Electrolysis has been under evaluation for several years as a process to pretreat urine for ultimate recovery of potable water in manned spacecraft applications. The conclusions that were drawn from this investigation are the following: (1) A platinum alloy containing 10 percent rhodium has been shown to be an effective, corrosion-resistant anode material for the electrolytic pretreatment of urine. Black platinum has been found to be suitable as a cathode material. (2) The mechanism of the reactions occurring during the electrolysis of urine is two-stage: (a) a total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total organic carbon (TOC) removal in the first stage is the result of electrochemical oxidation of urea to CO2, H2O, and ammonia followed by chloride interaction to produce N2 from ammonia, (b) after the urea has been essentially removed and the chloride ions have no more ammonia to interact with, the chloride ions start to oxidize to higher valence states, thus producing perchlorates. (3) Formation of perchlorates can be suppressed by high/low current operation, elevated temperature, and pH adjustment. (4) UV-radiation showed promise in assisting electrolytic TOC removal in beaker tests, but was not substantiated in limited single cell testing. This may have been due to non-optimum configurations of the single cell test rig and the light source.


The outstanding physical and chemical properties of the magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel makes it an important material for novel technological applications. Considering that a presence of native defects can promote important changes in those properties, in this work we present a study of the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of the MgAl2O4 spinel. The calculated formation energy for isolated defects, such as the vacancies of magnesium (VMg), aluminum (VAl) and oxygen (VO), oxygen interstitial (Oi), magnesium and aluminum antisites (MgAl, AlMg), as well as some complex defects (VO + Oi, VO + AlMg, VO + MgAl, MgAl + AlMg) in the most stable charge states are shown. Through experimental data, we obtained that complex defects centers, such as VO, VO + Oi, VO + AlMg and VO + MgAl at different charge states are good candidates for the observed optical transitions at 4.75, 5.3, and 6.4 eV. Our findings were obtained from ab initio electronic structure calculations performed by using density functional theory. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange-correlation potential. Furthermore, a modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential (GGA-mBJ) correction to the exchange potential were used to obtain a suitable value for the band gap energy, 7.40 eV, in accordance with the experimental one of 7.8 eV.


In the foreseeable future, the rapid growth of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) will make it difficult for 5G networks to ensure sufficient network resources. 6G technology has attracted increasing attention, bringing new design concepts to the dynamic real-time resource allocation. The resource requirements of devices are usually variable, so a dynamic resource allocation method is needed to ensure the smooth execution of tasks. Therefore, this article first designs a 6G-enabled massive IoT architecture that supports dynamic resource allocation. Then, a dynamic nested neural network is constructed, which adjusts the nested learning model structure online to meet training requirements of dynamic resource allocation. An AI-driven collaborative dynamic resource allocation (ACDRA) algorithm is proposed based on the nested neural network combined with Markov decision process training for 6G-enabled massive IoT. Extensive simulations have been carried out to evaluate ACDRA in terms of several performance criteria, including resource hit rate and decision delay time. The results validated that ACDRA improves the average resource hit rate by about 8% and reduces the average decision delay time by about 7% compared with three reference existing algorithms.


This book, "Developing Digital RF Memories and Transceiver Technologies to Electromagnetic Warfare", grew out of the author's teaching and research in the field of microwave photonic transceiver design for electromagnetic warfare at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. It has become evident that RF transceivers for digital RF memory (DRFM) are seeing an unprecedented level of growth in performance and capability. The book is divided into two parts. Part I (Chapters 1–7) is on the concept of embedded transceiver design and architecture development for electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) dominance and electromagnetic maneuver warfare. Part II (Chapters 8–11) introduces the concepts and techniques of modern spectral sensing using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for emitter modulation classification and electronic attack (EA) for countertargeting to interrupt the kill web. Special emphasis is placed on EA techniques to create false targets against high-range resolution profiling radar systems, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR. A final chapter is included on recent counter-DRFM techniques, discussing the methods used to defeat DRFM. The book also has online resources that include MATLAB software on the Artech House website. These resources can be used to reproduce many of the results in the book and provide exercises to enhance the learning of the material. This book is an encyclopedia of digital RF memory and transceiver technologies for electromagnetic warfare. It summarizes thousands of published articles in one book. The author gives detailed explanations, from very basic theorems to very advanced research work. The book is a perfect reference for research scientists and practicing engineers in the electronic warfare environment. Go get one for your bookshelf. It summarizes thousands of published articles in one book.


In order to evaluate the performance of dynamic attitude determination accuracy of Trimble MS860, a series of experiments have been done.The experiments on the sea are discussed in detail in this paper. A gyrocompass system mounted on a ship is regarded as reference of MS860 system which is also mounted on the same ship. Then dynamic real\|time data from both systems are sampled and processed simultaneously with dynamic filtering theory,and some valuable conclusions are drawn.


This is a survey article on the currently very active research area of free (=non-commutative) real algebra and geometry. We first review some of the important results from the commutative theory, and then explain similarities and differences as well as some important results in the free setup.


This study aims to analyze the factors that affect to the banking company's performance in Indonesia. Measurements for the banking company's performance using Tobin's Q formula.
Object in this study are banking companies that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and always conduct financial reporting and assessed its annual report in 2011-2014. Data used is secondary data, such as financial statements and annual reports. Analysis of the data used is descriptive statistics, the classic assumption test, and regression analysis.
The results of this study showed that the board size, board activity, institutional ownership, and foreign ownership are significantly affect to the banking company's performance in Indonesia.


The tar-bearing Permian White Rim Sandstone in the Elaterite basin near Canyonlands National Park, Utah, is an example of an exhumed paleotopographic high (paleohigh) with approximately 250 ft (76 m) of relief. Accumulations of heavy hydrocarbons are concentrated along the axis of the high. Eolian processes controlled deposition of most of the White Rim Sandstone, and the action of erosional marine processes modified preexisting dune relief at the top of this sandstone. The interaction of these depositional processes is evidenced by the distinction of two informal units within the White Rim Sandstone. The lower unit is an eolian facies that comprises most of the formation. This unit is characterized by prominent, large-scale, high-angle cross-stratification; ripples with high ripple indices; and eolian ripple (translatent) strata. The upper unit is a thin marine facies with oscillation (wave) ripples, fluid-escape structures, megapolygons, and rip-up clasts of the lower unit. The eolian and marine facies are separated by a sharp erosional boundary. The basic form of the paleohigh is the result of sedimentation within an eolian dune field, but much of the study area's unusual paleotopographic relief is attributed to erosion and reworking of the lower unit during a major marine transgression. The upper marine facies of the White Rim was also deposited during this transgression. Six different wave-cut terrace levels on the flanks of the elongate high record a discontinuous rise of sea level during the transgression. Megapolygons within the upper unit resulted from desiccation and expansive salt-crystal growth when the area became subaerially exposed during a regression at the end of the Permian. The paleohigh was eventually mantled by fine-grained sediments of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation. The Moenkopi cover effectively protecte the delicate features of the paleohigh now exposed by Holocene erosion in the Elaterite basin. The depositional and preservational model for the White Rim Sandstone proposed here may be a useful analog to other stratigraphic traps associated with paleotopographic relief.