In the subliminal rotation procedure, the subject is either made to wear glasses of +20 Dor is seated in a rotating chamber in order that influences of visual sense may be excluded as much as possible and that the only labyrinthine function may be observed.However, in combining visual stimulation positively with this procedure, Fukuda et al.found that the subliminal rotation was, in fact, not subliminal since this rotation did promote optic nystagmus and the labyrinthine function was evidently acting as a supporter of optic reflex.According to them, it is unreasonable to consider the so-called minimum angular accerelation as the threshold or the limit of the labyrinthine function.Fukuda insists that the limit of the labyrinthine function should be defined as the angular velocity at which labyrinth can support optic reflex maximally.Based on this view, the writer has carried out following experiments and a new concept regarding the limit of the labyrinthine function was discussed.Experiments were made on rabbits and guinea pigs with dark eyes.I.The subliminal rotation with angular accerelations of 1.0°/sec2 and 0.3°/sec2 was imposed on the animal.A rotating chamber was not used, thus during the rotation, the animal received optokinetic stimuli caused by relative movements of external environment.To apply constant optokinetic stimuli, the animal was placed on a chair situated in a large cylinder with vertical black lines of which details had been reported previously.Should accerelations of 1.0/sec2 and 0.3°/sec2 be really subliminal, nystagmus caused by rotation of the animal with intact vision might be pure optic nystagmus.To inquire into this point the large cylinder was rotated to reverse direction with the same accerelations as above around the animal rested on the chair.The result was that when the chair was rotated jerks of nystagmus were far more frequent as.compared with those in case of rotation of the cylinder.Thus it is apparent that the subliminal rotation does stimulate labyrinth and therefore it is not subliminal in true sense.II.When optic nystagmus was observed applying optokinetic stimulation in passing vertical black lines before animal's eyes, jerks of nystagmus increased in proportion to increase in velocity of the lines.However, if the velocity was increased beyond a critical level jerks of optic nystagmus decreased promptly until at last eyes were rest immobile.In human experiment, the subject could not percept individual black lines in such state but he only saw a vague flow before his eyes.The critical angular velocity which induces maximum jerks will be called ″ the limit in pure optic nystagmus ″.Similar changes of nystagmus were observed in case of subliminal rotation with intact vision, and the frequency of jerks showed a peak at a certain angular velocity.However, this critical velocity, which will be called ″the limit in subliminal rotation with intact vision″, was by far faster than that in pure optic nystagmus in spite of identity of optokinetic stimulation applied.This discrepancy is indeed due to the participation of labyrinth in case of rotation with intact vision.The latter limit, therefore, will deserve being called ″the limit of the labyrinthine function″ in true sense.Further it should be noted that the limit here defined is not an angular accerelation but an angular velocity.


Choosing 23 kinds of international high- impacted journals in the medical informatics catalog of Journal Citation Report(2011) during 1999 and 2013 as studying objects,the paper analyzes the distribution of medical informatics related subjects using CiteSpace and combining with the related theory of co- citation,generalizes the distribution characteristics,aiming at clarifying the subject development process and providing references for corresponding researchers.


Objective To examine changes in serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) concentrations in patients with unstable angina (UA) and stable angina (SA) and their potential clinical significance.

Methods Eighty-eight subjects were divided into 3 groups: UA group (n=34), SA group (n=24), and healthy control group (n=30). Ischemia-modified albumin concentration was measured using an assay adapted to the Hitachi 7600 automated chemistry analyzer. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mural movement (MM) were assessed by echocardiography.

Results IMA concentration was higher in UA patients than in SA patients or healthy controls ( P 0.05). IMA concentration was negatively correlated with LVEF in UA patients (r = −0.686, P <0.01) and increased significantly in patients with an abnormal LVEF (<50%) compared with those with a normal LVEF (≥50%) ( P <0.01). In UA or SA patients with a normal LVEF, IMA concentration was significantly higher in UA patients ( P <0.01).

Conclusion Ischemia-modified albumin concentration is increased significantly in UA patients. In addition, IMA is negatively correlated with abnormal LVEF, which may prove to be of clinical significance in the early diagnosis and stratification of risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).


AIM
The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for tooth loss during a 5-year period in a randomly selected Danish population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
In 1997 and 2003, 473 randomly selected adults received a full-mouth radiographic examination. The total number of teeth was 12,444. For each tooth, the following information was recorded from the radiographs: marginal bone level, filling, crown, root canal post, root filling, apicectomy, periapical status and caries lesion. Unconditional and conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for tooth loss.

RESULTS
During the study period, 107 teeth in 60 individuals were lost. On the individual level, reduced marginal bone level and apical periodontitis (AP) were highly associated with tooth loss. On the tooth level, a reduced marginal bone level, AP and apicectomy were strongly associated with tooth loss. Canines were not lost often, whereas tooth loss was more frequently observed in molars and premolars than in incisors.

CONCLUSIONS
A reduced marginal bone level and AP were associated with tooth loss over time. Furthermore, there was a higher risk of tooth loss in the posterior regions than in the anterior region.


This paper presents the differential diagnosis of the symptom,tongue,pulse,heartbeat,constitution and internal organs for the dilation myocardiopathy.It is believed that holistic diagnosis and treatment can stabilize the conditions,remove symptoms,improve the heart function and rhythm consequently to prolong the life span and enhance life quality.


In this paper, resolution characterization and beam analysis of a 340-GHz imaging radar are demonstrated by means of a point-spread-function (PSF) study by imaging an acoustically levitated point-like target. It is shown that at terahertz frequencies, conventional PSF measurement techniques are limited by the presence of strong scattering response of background objects, such as suspension threads, within the imaging field-of-view (FOV). Using acoustic levitation, it is possible to eliminate secondary objects within the FOV and achieve a pure PSF characterization of the radar. It is shown that the PSF patterns obtained using acoustic levitation exhibit high fidelity and are free from artifacts. We demonstrate this using a small water droplet suspended in air at the focus of the 340-GHz radar. The measured PSF characteristics of the radar are in excellent agreement with physical optics (PO) simulations and analytical results.


Abstract : This report contains information from the work performed under the visual information environment prototype (VIEP) contract to evaluate and integrate technologies to perform collaborative functions involving several different sites, over high speed communication links, and using advanced human-computer interfaces (HCI). A demonstration system was developed to showcase collaborative multimedia technologies in a next-generation C4I scenario, utilizing advanced display and HCI technology.


same way, yet this is mostly beneficial to the volume as it becomes greater than the sum of its parts, succeeding in situating Le Deuxième Sexe in its ideological moment and indicating its continuing relevance to contemporary debates on sex and gender. Written 'au fil de la plume' in just over a year and dispatched to a succession of typists (whose possibly first encounter with feminism was to decipher Beauvoir's notoriously difficult handwriting), Le Deuxième Sexe emerges here as 'une révélation, pas une source' (Kate Millett). Despite its epiphanic and eclectic force, the question of the reliability and due acknowledgement of the text as source is a recurrent and problematic one: be it that of the edited and philosophically inaccurate English translation (still currently on sale) on which much Anglo-American reception of the text is based, or the savage editing of paperback editions in France (for example, the Gallimard 'Idées' edition from which most of the 'Mythes' section is excised). As Michèle Le Dœuff notes, Le Deuxième Sexe emerged in part from the political impact of French women gaining the right to vote in 1944 and provided an analysis of women's situation in an increasingly internationalist post war context. Despite the inevitable lacunae of Beauvoir's research, conducted 'à grande vitesse' with time off for the sociological and personal excursion that became L'Amérique au jour le jour, contributors demonstrate here the originality of Le Deuxième Sexe — despite its denunciation on publication by a pro-natalist, 'machiste' PCF or a Catholic Church unable to countenance women assuming their political and sexual freedom. For example, Gothlin highlights Beauvoir's controversial readings of Engels and the young Marx's theory of alienation in the chapter on 'matérialisme historique'; elsewhere in a set of largely excellent chapters on the 'Mythes' section, Beauvoir emerges as an astute cryptologist of the patriarchal literary imaginary as it shapes the 'vécu' of gender relations. Here, Suleiman notes, of Beauvoir's reading of Breton, that she aligns herself with the post-war challenge to the dominance of metaphor in poetic language, advocating instead a poetics of the concrete that might represent woman's reality. Analyses of the most controversial chapters of Le Deuxième Sexe — on biology and sexuality — provide fresh approaches, nevertheless acknowledging, in Lavers' words, that sexuality was 'une véritable aporie' for Beauvoir both politically and personally, causing her to generate her own myths in turn, like any 'privilégiée'. Nevertheless, Badinter, among others, recognizes her courage in tackling the question of woman's oppression in patriarchal society at its roots and, as Schor argues, Beauvoir's acute yet ambiguous challenge to Republican universalism remains 'à l'ordre du jour'.


In a previous article1 we completed our investigation of the sources, official and unoficial, for the reigns of Henry and Edward. Less than six weeks after he signed the Forty-Two Articles Edward was dead, and there was a Catholic queen in England. Mary's reign has nothing to offer us beyond what we have already gleaned from the writings of the Edwardian reformers, many of whom were put to death in this reign. And after some five years Mary was succeeded by her sister Elizabeth. On Elizabeth's accession in 1558, the short-lived Catholic restoration came to an end. The Elizabethan settlement, whatever it might be, was certainly not Catholic. The Acts of Supremacy2 and Uniformity3 (imposing the Second Book of Common Prayer with minor alterations) ensured that. The bishops protested and were deprived, and the new state-erected church came into being. The new settlement did in fact effect a remarkable change in the nature of the church in England and in its relations with the universal church, the same change that Henry had effected almost thirty years before by denying that the church had one visible head on earth, and substituting for'the one organic whole of the pre-Reformation and Marian periods the new association of independent local churches. These first parliamentary acts did not reflect more closely on the inner nature of the church, even the particular church, if and how it was visible, or who were its members. It is from the Thirty-Nine Articles that we get the official Anglican answer to these questions, and an answer that remains official to this day.


Two patients harboring recurrent posterior fossa tumors were treated with intrathecal methotrexate. The patient with an ependymoma responded dramatically and, when he died of a leukoencephalopathy 2 years later, no evidence of intracranial tumor remained. A medulloblastoma in the second patient responded to methotrexate but became moderately drug resistant and spread to bone. In this case, concomitant use of intrathecal methotrexate and systemic citrovorum factor offered no apparent advantage. Relevant literature relating to methotrexate and tumor kinetics is reviewed. In the light of present knowledge, brain tumors selected for intrathecal methotrexate should be treated weekly for an indefinite period of time. The need for additional information regarding the behavior of citrovorum factor in the central nervous system is acknowledged.


Objective:To investigate the significance of gap junction protein Cx32 and Cx32mRNA in hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods:Cx32 protein and Cx32mRNA in 26 cases of HCC,22 case of their related adjacent cancer tissues and 9 cases of normal liver tissue were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR.Results:Expression of Cx32 protein in HCC was significantly lower than their related adjacent-cancer tissues and normal liver tissues(P0.01);the level of Cx32mRNA was similar among HCC,their related adjacent-cancer and normal liver tissues(P0.05).Conclusion:The decrease of Cx32 protein expression level may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis,and the results from the disorder of regulation from Cx32 gene translation or protein modification.


EDITOR—The Canadian Medical Association (CMA) now faces a legitimation problem over its failure to explain why it fired the CMAJ editors. Thousands of medical professionals have signed a petition to reinstate the editors who have brought international recognition to the CMAJ . There have been calls from leading medical and science journals, as well as national …


In an experiment performed on white laboratory rats males with an initial age of 4 months, the dynamics of the mitotic activity of the epithelial cells of the jejunum mucosa crypts after 5, 7 and 10 months of exposure of an electromagnetic field impulses with a density of induced currents of 0.37; 0.7; 0.8; 2.7 kA/m2 and pulse frequency of 50, 100 and 500 per week regardless of their fractionality was considered. The purpose of the study of individual cellular responses is not only to identify the most sensitive components of the system, but also to determine the target organs in order to increase the effectiveness of protective measures for the environmental safety of humans from electromagnetic damage. Having analyzed the obtained data, it should be noted that in the conditions of application of electromagnetic field impulses influence in the studied parameters, sensitivity of undifferentiated epitheliocytes of crypts was found and the multidirectional effect which depended on frequency and density of the induced currents was observed, and their increase in the damage to the jejunum mucosa epithelium amplified due to decrease in mitotic activity, with increase in coefficient of affection in chronodynamics, for a number of parameters, experimentally confirming belonging of impulses of the electromagnetic field to bioeffective ecological factors.


Background: Persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who are co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be at risk for reactivation of HBV infection during or following HCV treatment. HBV and HCV share similar modes of transmission, and co-infection with the two viruses does occur. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HCV anti-viral treatment (DAAS) on HBV in HCV and HBV Coinfected patients. Patients and methods: The study was performed in Internal Medicine Department (Outpatient Clinic and the Inpatient Ward), Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt during the period from August 2016 to November 2017 on 20 HCV and HBV co-infected patients ranged from 18-70 years old. Results: The age of patients ranging from 26 to 65 years old (median 44). Male represent 55% and female represent 45% which showed male predominance. Patients were treated by different types by Hcv antiviral treatment (DAAS) like (SOF+DAC), (SOF+SIM), (SOF+DAC+RBV). At baseline, 12 patients had detectable HBV viral load, 5 Patients had positive (HBsAg) and undetectable HBV viral load and 3 patients had negative (HBsAg) and undetectable HBV viral load. Total number of HBV reactivated cases were 12 patients, 3 of them reactivated by increasing HBV DNA, and 5 of them reactivated by both increasing HBVDNA and ALT flare. Conclusion: HBV reactivation is a severe, life-threatening consequence of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Reactivation may be associated with DAA therapy in patients with HCV/HBV co-infection. HBV reactivation can be prevented through the use of pretreatment screening and anti-HBV prophylactic treatment.


Threshold Voltage and Flat band Voltage model of Normally on JLFET is presented in this paper. The threshold voltage is the value of the gate to source voltages at which the depletion width equals to the thickness of the channel. For a normally on JLFET ideally, no current flows above
 the threshold voltages. Flat band voltage is the value of the gate voltage at which channel is completely neutral. In other word the thickness of depletion layer and accumulation layer is zero at flat band voltage. The model is based on the minimum central and surface potential of the device.
 The Threshold voltage is determined from the minimum central potential and the flat band voltage is determined by the minimum surface potential. The two models are validated by comparing them with results obtain from TCAD.


By comparing the nova frequency in the halo of the Andromeda nebula with the density gradients of the "normal" halo stars of the Milky Way System we conclude that probably a high percentage, if not all, of the novae belong to population II.

Der Vergleich der Nova-Haufigkeit im Halo des Andromeda-Nebels mit den Dichtegradienten der "normalen" Halo-Sterne des Milchstrasensystems legt den Schlus nahe, das ein hoher Prozentsatz von Novae – wenn nicht alle – zur Population II gehoren.


NIST RADIO STATION NOW TRANSMITTING AT FULL POWER As a result of a recently completed upgrade, NIST's standard time and frequency radio station WWVB now broadcasts at over 50 kW, five times more power than previously. The upgrade, which included adding more powerful transmitters and thoroughly refurbishing the system antennas, extends the usable range of the 60 kHz station near Fort Collins, CO, to most of the North American continent. It means that clock and watch manufacturers can install tiny WWVB-receiving antennas in their products that will automatically reset to track official U.S. time. Similar receivers can be designed into almost any appliance that contains a clock, such as computers, kitchen ranges, microwave ovens, thermostats, televisions and video cassette recorders. One nice featurethe clock will reset automatically after a power outage once it has received the WWVB signal. World War-II-era transmitters were replaced with more modern, reconditioned Navy transmitters, which allow WWVB to operate with greater reliability as well as increased power. Antenna system improvements included replacing 35-year-old, pole-mounted transmission lines with underground lines; redesigning and refurbishing two huge antennas and their mounting systems; and improving the antenna tuning coils and their servo controllers. Much of science and technology owe their progress to the careful collection, logging and interpretation of data. And as information technology becomes more efficient, so do the methods scientists use for sorting and access-ing data. Now hoping to improve the utility of electronic materials property data, NIST scientists have just embarked on a project to standardize the way such information is posted on the World Wide Web. NIST is inviting others in the materials property data community to join this effort called Materials Property Data Markup Language, or MatML. The goal of MatML is to create a standard markup language for web-based materials property data collections. While current hypertext markup language specifies elements of web page design, it contains no mechanism for tagging or specifying any of the hundreds of materials properties that materials scientists and engineers need to know. MatML will address interpretation and interoper-ability of this information. The goal is to develop a markup language that will describe the data source, the material and its properties. Ultimately, this project could allow researchers to easily use electronic materials property data from multiple sources in models, simulations or distributed databases. For more information or to join the MatML effort, contact project leader Ed Begley at NIST, …


Interaction of natural objects or systems can be defined as communication. The communication for biological systems is a composite process which can be carried out if there are particular conditions. Here two categories of conditions can be considered. It is the environmental conditions, in which there is a contact as a minimum of two interacting systems. Other category of conditions characterizes a state of biological systems, namely, their level of readiness to communication realization. In such comprehension the process of communications can be considered as a targeted procedure of shaping an information data file. The perception, bracing of data file, can be complete or incomplete and is defined by environmental factors and function state of a biological system.


This study seeks to understand the underlying relationship between managerial ownership and corporate social performance in privately owned Chinese firms. Agency theory predicts that corporate expenditure on social practices is merely a managerial expropriation in an ordinary business setting. However, the business context of natural disasters in China has been characterized by stakeholder pressure on corporate responsibility. We propose that in our context of study, corporate social performance constitutes an investment and managers who own significant parts of the company are more likely to promote corporate philanthropic actions. Using a hand-collected database that includes firm-level data on corporate contributions after the Sichuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008, we find that higher managerial ownership is associated with a significantly higher probability of donation and charity. Furthermore, we find that corporate board size and political ties with the government moderate this relationship. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Human burials at Basandaika Kurgan 1, Western Siberia, accompanied by bones of dismembered horses, are revisited. A closer examination of the archeological assemblage and archival data has revealed new artifacts, contributing to a reconstruction of the burial rite which included placing parts of the body of a riding horse into the grave. Two versions are discussed, proceeding from the idea that the rite derives from the practice of burying an entire horse. Parallels in other regions are examined, and routes whereby the rite could have been introduced to the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia are traced. Future studies will include taphonomic field analysis along with zoological, pedological, and traceological evidence.


Objective:To study the influence of aripiprazole and clozapine on blood-glucose and C-peptide in the treatment of schizophrenic patients.Method:Sixty schizophrenic inpatients were divided into aripiprazole group and clozapine group randomly,and then received treatment for 3 months.All the patients were tested fasting blood-glucose and C-peptide before and after treatments.Results:There were significant differences in the blood-glucose and C-pepltide before and after treatment in clozapine group(P0.01).No significant differences were found before and after treatment in aripiprazole group(P0.05).Conclusion:It is demonstrated that clozapine increase the fasting blood-glucose,C-peptide and the serum insulin,but aripiprazole has little influence on them.


The government statistical data quality and state enterprise policy decisions and policies but quality is closely related and incorrect and incomplete data might lead to policy mistakes and failures.Therefore,the modern society to the attention of the data quality.In view of this,more from our government statistics,data quality of new developments and problems of the two evaluation,analysis of Chinese government's statistics,data quality status quo.


In this article analyzes cognitology as an interdisciplinary basis for the study of different areas of linguistics. the question of the application of certain types of structural knowledge in cognitive analysis, the study of methods and means surrounding the mechanisms that reveal the linguistic expression of logical structures that occur in the process of knowing the world, and finally the language system that it is the object of cognitive analysis is revealed through the theoretical foundations of scientists as well as quotations. The information and innovations presented in this article are intended to serve as a basis for future research.


Fishes are a more basal and speciose vertebrate group and they occupy the most diverse aquatic environments on earth. Fish are extremely diverse, especially in biologically mega diverse countries such as those in the Neotropical region, encompassing a very large area in the Americas. The amazing diversity alone generates great interest in fish biology, ecology and evolution, but despite that interest, many challenges remain. Today, new genetic methods are available to study evolutionary and ecological processes that have influenced and given rise to their wide diversity and the many habitats that these fish occupy. Consequently, these genetic methods can also serve as tools for better conservation and management. Today, we must ask ourselves what are the classic questions not yet answered? What new information is available and useful to answer those questions? Where will this new science lead us into the future? To begin answering those questions, we asked these, and other, questions of the scientific community with the goal of gathering together answers to those questions for the Frontiers in Genetics, which celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first Symposium on Cytogenetics and Fish Genetics. Traditionally, karyotpye analysis is among the genetic methods most often applied to Neotropical fish. Since the 1970s, karyotypes studies have been used to describe diversity and thereby provide support for evolutionary systematics, taxonomy and the evolution of karyotypes themselves. Banding and classical chromosomal markers, now used with the fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) method and its derivatives, have advanced Neotropical fish cytogenetics which has allowed for more extensive comparative analyses with African fish (Carvalho et al.) and to investigate incipient speciation (Ferreira et al.) and evolutionary divergences of sex chromosomes (Sember et al.), as well as complex chromosomal rearrangements, that are a recurrent feature found in many neotropical fish families (Machado et al.). With integration of cytogenetics and molecular markers, a new cycle of methodological developments has come to pass, especially with the inclusion of dates that became available through massive sequencing of DNA and RNA. Trends in karyotype evolution have been refined in several species complexes, including the genera Astyanax (Pazza et al.) and Mugil (Nirchio et al.), as well as permitting the uncovering of surprising and previously unknown diversity in the armored catfish Ancistrus (Prizon et al.). While a good beginning, bioinformatics use in the selection of satellite DNA markers and their chromosome localization is still growing (Utsunomia et al.). This tremendous growth of information and the availability of more robust methodological tools, and finding undiscovered diversity, have resulted in a growing concern for understanding the evolutionary history of this diversity as well as its conservation (Moritz, 2002). Due to rapidly declining biodiversity of Neotropical fish, integrating conservation genetics with data describing systematics and ecological information including details of the adaptive landscape, together will become important for future research. Recently, the application of genetic evolutionary analysis


for a new international society. After the barbarous acts of the Second World War, which outraged the conscience of mankind, 'we the peoples of the United Nations' looked for the advent of a world in which human beings would enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want as the highest aspiration of the common people (preamble, Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The framers of the UN Charter, in their efforts to


Abstract Background: The applicability of the Gilsanz-Ratib (GR) digital atlas to bone age (BA) determination in China has not been evaluated. Aim: To compare the validity of GR and the Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas in BA determination for children in Shanghai. Subjects and methods: Left-hand radiographs of 243 girls and 375 boys aged 0–13 years were obtained for suspected trauma. They were divided into eight sub-groups according to gender and age (0–3, 3–7, 7–10 and 10–13 years). Radiographs were read by two radiologists, using both GP and GR atlases. The differences between BA and calendar age (CA) were analysed. The inter- and intra-observer consistency was evaluated. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive correlation between methods and between raters. The differences between BA and CA of two sub-groups (10–13-year-old boys, GR; 0–3-year-old girls, GP) were not only statistically significant, but exceeded 1 SD, suggesting biological significance. Conclusion: Both atlases can be used on most age groups. However, the GR atlas is not recommended in boys aged 10–13 years, while the GP atlas is not suitable for girls aged 0–3 years. Therefore, the use of the GP or GR atlas is practical, depending on the age of the child.


On January 18, NASA selected 11 "instrument investigations" for the first satellite of the Earth Observing System (EOS), which is the centerpiece of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The instruments are AIRS/AMSU-A/-B, ASTER, CERES, EOSP, HIRDLS, LIS, MISR, MODIS-N/-T, STIKSCAT, and—pending resolution of technical issues—MIMR and MOPITT. In addition, HIRIS has been confirmed for development and tentatively selected for a subsequent flight, while ACRIM has been selected for future flight.

The EOS satellite, to be launched aboard a Titan-IV vehicle from the Western Test Range in 1998, is the first of the three-satellite EOS-A series. Each satellite will have a 5-year design life and will produce a 15-year-long global data set. The series' primary goal is to make measurements related to potential global warming and other critical aspects of global change, including the Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric circulation, air-sea interaction, biological productivity, and land-surface properties.


DNA containing the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence at least nucleotides 352-1112 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and is active as a promoter, the open reading frame for the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase and a sequence having at least nucleotides 1860-2163 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and is active as a terminator having.


Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate calculations of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCTP) are presented. Attempts to obtain a common valence force field for HCTP and the two conformers of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene which were not successful, are discussed. The force field obtained for HCTP is, by necessity, relatively simple. Nevertheless, we have been able to make assignments of the normal modes and resolve some apparent discrepancies in the literature.


Vladislav Borisovich Timofeev, a Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Vladislav Borisovich is an outstanding experimental physicist, well known for his scientific results in the field of semiconductors and solid state physics. He has published over 200 scientific papers, including 16 reviews and two monographs. V B Timofeev graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Kiev State University in 1959 and stayed at the Department of Optics as a senior laboratory assistant. In 1962, he was appointed a senior research worker. In the following year, he was invited to the Chair of Optics at the University of Chernovitsy, where he took the position of Assistant Professor. In 1959, Vladislav Borisovich began active studies on the optical properties of semiconductors, with a particular emphasis on the examination of exciton±phonon spectra of cuprous oxide and phenomena related to spatial dispersion in the exciton region. The results obtained were acknowledged by the scientific community and underlay the Candidate's degree thesis, ``Quasiline absorption spectra of inorganic crystals'', which he defended in 1964. Beginning in 1966, V B Timofeev carried out some investigations concerned with the methods of precision spectrum interferential measurements and with holography, where he proposed methods of reference-free holographing. In 1967, V B Timofeev was invited to work as a Senior Researcher at the newly founded Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) RAS in Chernogolovka, not far from Moscow, which in due course became one of the leading research centers in Russia. V B Timofeev's entire further scientific activity and career are inseparably linked with ISSP RAS. At ISSP RAS, V B Timofeev has intensely and successfully developed a new direction related to the study of collective interactions in a system of nonequilibrium carriers and high-density excitons in semiconductors. V B Timofeev carried out research into nonequilibrium high-density electron±hole systems in direct band semiconductors (cadmium sulfide) and in semiconductors with an indirect forbidden band (germanium, silicon), in which he discovered basically new phenomena, namely, the exciton condensation to an electron±hole liquid in a polar direct-band semiconductor, a giant jump in photoconductivity under exciton metallization (Mott transition) in germanium, and exciton molecules in strained germanium and silicon crystals. He realized experimentally a new quantum objectÐa spin-oriented exciton gasÐand examined its quantum statistical properties at high densities. V B Timofeev comprehensively analyzed gas±liquid phase diagrams under exciton dielectric gas condensation to a metallic electron±hole liquid and, thus, laid the basis of the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium electron±hole systems. He revealed the giant probabilities of radiative recombination of exciton±impurity complexes in direct band semiconductors, as well as the phenomenon of their decay induced by the emission of acoustic phonons. V B Timofeev became a recognized leader in this new area in semiconductor physics. Part of the results of these studies was included in hisDoctor's degree thesis, ``Recombination emission of high-density excitons and nonequilibrium carriers'', successfully defended in 1975. V B Timofeev has often acutely changed the directions of his studies and has always achieved success. For instance, he was the first in the field of optical spectroscopy of hightemperature superconductors who carried out the study of inelastic light scattering attendant to the overgap excitations in oxide superconductors and revealed a strong scattering anisotropy resulting from the anisotropy of the superconducting gap. In the late 1980s, the scientific interests of V B Timofeev moved towards low-dimensional electron± hole and exciton systems in semiconductor heterostructures. Here, he discovered the effects of fractional quantization of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 186 (9) 1027 ± 1028 (2016) DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2016.08.037885 Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


Objective:To investigate the expression CTGF in rats with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the effects of Gypenosides treatment on CTGF protein production.Methods:Rat unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model was used for the study. The expression of CTGF,TGF-β_1,α-SMA in the obstructed kidneys was assessed by RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and HE staining after 9 days. At the same time,the degree of tubulointerstitial damage was scored by Masson staining. Results:The levels of CTGF,TGF-β_1 and α-SMA in the UUO group significantly increased compared to the sham-operated group(P0.01)and paralleled with the degree of tubulointerstitial damage. In comparison with the model group, the levels of CTGF and expression of TGF-β_1,α-SMA were significantly reduced by Gypenosides treatment. The protein level of CTGF had positive correlation with the index of TGF-β_1(r=0.879,P0.01),α-SMA (r=0.940,P 0.01) and tubulointerstitial damage(r=0.756,P0.01).Conclusion:Gypenosides can suppress development of fibrosis, at least in part via down-regulating CTGF expression.


Advanced schools have already had considerable success in improving methods of teaching in accordance with the principles that form the basis of "The Law on Strengthening the Ties of the School with Life." The experience of teachers of the Lipetsk and Rostov regions and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as numerous reports in the pedagogical press, testify to this fact. The task now is to have the experience of the best teachers assimilated by the mass of teachers. In addition, it is necessary to map out possible prospects for further progress.


: Background: In addition to the variations in taper of the full crown preparation, application of de-sensitizer may also result in diminished adhesion of adhesive cements to tooth structures. This study evaluated the effect of two commercially available de-sensitizers on the retention of crowns made on standard and tapered tooth preparations. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted maxillary first premolars were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. They were divided into two groups (n=l5). Group I: Prepared with 3 degrees taper. Group II: Prepared with 15 degrees taper. Nickel-chromium copings were cast with a loop at the occlusal surface for tensile testing after luting with resin-modified glass ionomer cement [Fujicem]. Each group was assigned to three subgroups [n= 5 each] according to de-sensitizers used prior to luting. de-sensitizer [Ivoclor Vivadent], Subgroup II: Oxalate de-sensitizer [Prime Dental® products Pvt. Ltd.], and Subgroup III: Control [ untreated]. One-way Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was used as the statistical test of significance. Results: In Group I and II, resin-modified glass ionomer cement exhibited greater mean value retention with Systemp de-sensitizer [206.00±8.22 N and 97.00±2.74 N respectively], followed by the control [ 149 .00±4.18 N and 92.00±2. 74 N respectively]. In both, Oxalate de-sensitizer recorded the lowest mean [110.00±3.54 N and 54.00±6.52 N respectively]. Discussion: Following tooth preparation, irrespective of the taper, de-sensitizers not only reduces post-operative tooth sensitivity but also influence the bond strength of the luting agent.


Accurate and reliable simulation of the performance of InP-based QW-EAM's was executed, which yielded essentially identical results to the experimental data. Subsequently, asymmetric double quantum wells are predicted to enhance slope efficiency by more than 300 %.


At present, the mechanical properties analysis method of prefabricated shear wall structure based on static test is low overall simulation precision. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the force performance of the prefabricated shear wall structure. Based on the shear of concrete material, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, open fracture, the transfer coefficients of open and closed fracture, and tensile strength parameters, the finite element model is established by ANSYS. The vertical load and the horizontal load of the prefabricated shear wall structure are calculated, and the limit load value is obtained. The maximum stress change of the connector, the energy dissipation of the shear wall structure, and the change of the equivalent viscous damping coefficient are obtained by the way of loading and displacement change. The experimental results show that the simulated values of stiffness degradation, maximum displacement, maximum strain, and stress distribution obtained by this method are in good agreement with the actual values and are reliable.


Introduction: The ALFALFA project is an ongoing high sensitivity HI line survey with the 305m Arecibo telescope that will cover 7000 square degrees of sky and is expected to detect some 20,000 HI sources (Giovanelli et al. 2005). ALFALFA will make major contributions to the understanding of the structure and evolution of galaxies in the local Universe. In July 2005 an Undergraduate Research Workshop was held at Union College, Schenectady (see poster by Koopmann et al.). Participants included 14 undergraduate students, 2 graduate students and 9 faculty members from 7 universities, in addition to the Director of the Arecibo Observatory Visitor Center. The undergraduate students prepared and submitted an observing proposal to the Observatory. Students engaged in an observing session with the Arecibo telescope, which was carried out remotely from the lecture room at Union College. The region observed included a nearby loose group of galaxies, LGG 362, dominated by NGC 5363/5364. The group is an example of an intermediate galaxy density environment. As part of the workshop, the data were processed and the scientific analysis started. This poster presents some of the results of this analysis. Materials and methods: The Arecibo Observatory has the world's most sensitive radio telescope at L–band. In addition to that all–important sensitivity advantage, Arecibo equipped with the seven beam detector ALFA offers important and significant improvements in angular and spectral resolution over the available major wide area extragalactic HI line surveys such as HIPASS and HIJASS. The observations were done with the telescope stationed at azimuth=180 degrees. The feed array was rotated 19 degrees, yielding a configuration in which the sky footprints of its seven individual beams sweep tracks on the sky equally spaced in declination (~2.1 arc-minutes) as the Earth rotates. Drift scans of 900 seconds duration were taken sequentially, with about 3-4 seconds of dead time between one scan and the next. The backend spectrometer system consisted of a set of four WAPPs (Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processor), which allowed instantaneous autocorrelation and sampling of 16 time series, each yielding a 100 MHz wide spectrum of 4096 channels. Fourteen of those were used to process and record the two independent polarization channels of each of the seven beams of ALFA. The spectral resolution of 25 kHz corresponds to R = λ/Δλ ≅ 57,000, or 5.3 km s^-1, at the 1420 MHz rest frequency of the HI line.


Along with the continuous development of the cloud computing technology, many Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) come forth to offer computing infrastructures, often called instances, online. In order to help the users to select their required services, this paper proposes a cloud performance evaluation model, based on the assess results obtained from the most popular CSP in China, Alibaba Cloud. This model considers multiple factors including CPU, memory, disk I/O and network bandwidth, by comparing the various instances rented from different data centers in the Chinese main land and abroad. Some advises are also given in between, on choosing the best cost-effective data center, instance type and the leasing occasion.


Pulmonary venous hypertension and congestion that occurs with left ventricular (LV) failure is generally not seen in the presence of a large atrial septal defect (ASD). As long as right ventricular (RV) function and distensibility are not impaired, the ASD provides an alternate pathway for atrial emptying, thus preventing or attenuating elevated LV filling pressures. When RV dysfunction develops and right atrial pressure increases, this 'protective' effect of the ASD is reduced, the left to right shunt flow declines, and the LV filling pressures increase. 1–6 These observations indicate that the hemodynamic consequences of ASD closure (or the creation of an ASD) are influenced by the functional state and the interaction of the two ventricles. In this brief review, we emphasize pulmonary venous, left atrial (LA), and LV diastolic pressures, and consider the impact of an ASD on the hemodynamics of heart failure. Abstract In patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, a large atrial septal defect (ASD) provides an alternate pathway for left atrial emptying and prevents abnormal elevation of left atrial and LV filling pressures. In such patients, closure of the ASD can cause an increase in LV diastolic pressure with pulmonary venous hypertension and congestion. The protective effect of an ASD is attenuated or abolished in the presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Thus, an elevated LV diastolic pressure in the presence of an ASD indicates dysfunction or failure of both ventricles. In this situation, pharmacologic or mechanical unloading of the left ventricle may result in right to left shunting with arterial hypoxemia. In the absence of RV failure, creation of an ASD can reduce LV filling pressures. Management of patients with heart failure and an ASD requires accurate assessment of atrial pressures and shunt flows as well as consideration of the functional state of both ventricles.


Objective
A new method for detecting K-ras mutations based liquid chip was used to evaluate K-ras mutations associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients,to direct the personalized treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Methods
Take the diagnosis technology research methods,the sensitivity and repeatability of the liquid chip K-ras gene mutation detection method were assessed.A total of 100 NSCLC patients from Nov 2011 to Feb 2012 in Shanghai Chest hospital were included in this study,the fresh tumor tissues were collected for DNA extraction.The 2nd exon 12 and 13 codons,containing 8 K-ras mutations occuring in high frequency were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),followed by ligation of the PCR products to a series of special probes using ligase detection reaction (LDR),then the PCR-LDR products were analyzed by liquid chip platform.Direct sequencing was applied to compare with the detection results.

Results
The sensitivity of liquid chip technology detection was 10%-20%,higher than the traditional sequencing method by 1%.Average CV value was 4%-15% and showed good repeatability.5 K-ras mutations in 100 patients (5%) were detected using multiplex PCR-LDR combined fluid chip methods,including 3 Gly12Val and 2 Gly12 Asp mutations in exon 2.The 5 K-ras mutations were verified accurately by direct sequencing.

Conclusions
The novel detection method of K-ras mutations based PCR-LDR and fluid chip shows high throughput,high sensitivity,good repeatability and the results are reliable and accurate.This method can be used to accurately identified K-ras mutations for NSCLC patients prior to their targeted therapy with TKIs.(Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:704-707)

Key words:
Microfluidic analytical techniques; Polymerase chain reaction; Ligase chain reaction; Genes; ras; Genotype; Carcinoma; non-small-cell lung


This study attempted to identify the influences of skill-mix and input-mix on patients' cost and outcome of health care services measured by EuroQol-5D. The data were collected from the District Hospitals (DHs) of Natore and Rajbari; and Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) of Goalanda and Baliakandi in 2019. The Natore DH and Goalanda UHC are referred to as 'treatment facility' since they had better skill-mix and input-mix and the other two are referred to as 'comparison facility'. A total of 120 patients and/ or attendants (thirty from each facility) from the Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery were interviewed and key informant interviews were conducted with the health managers of the facilities. It was evident that Natore DH had 13% more medical professionals and 10% other support staff than Rajbari DH; Goalanda UHC had 20% more medical professionals and 5% more support staff compared to Baliakandi UHC. On the other hand, considering functional equipment, Natore DH had 25% more than Rajbari DH and Goalanda UHC had 22% more compared to Baliakandi UHC. A significant difference was found between the treatment and comparison facilities for average total cost of the respondents (USD 52.26 vs USD 67.12, p=0.016) as well as for direct medical cost (USD 13.39 vs USD 27.80, p=0.001). The study also found a significant difference in the average score of EuroQol-5D (p=0.000) of the facilities (0.49 vs 0.15). Regression result showed that the availability of skill-mix and input-mix in the hospital resulted in a significant (p=0.000) rise in the score of EuroQol-5D of the patients by 0.27 and a significant (p=0.016) reduction of direct medical cost by USD 12.72. Key informant interviews with health managers also confirmed these quantitative findings. Based on both the qualitative and quantitative findings, the study proposed some recommendations for addressing the problems of skill-mix and input-mix.


Access to knowledge is fundamental to education and research and creation of human capital upon which the development of societies depend. Libraries play a key role by providing high quality information resources and services. However, factors such as the high cost of commercial e-resources, legal barriers and poor technology infrastructure risk leaving many people in the developing world. There is extensive coverage and ongoing discussion in scientific communities, literature, and on the Internet regarding open access and scholarly communication. The open access movement is supported and advanced by a spectrum of interest groups and activities such as national and international organizations, publishers, individuals, and many special events. While open access is gaining strength and popularity as the new model for dissemination [1]information, there are still many issues not completely resolved such as pricing models, peer reviewing, indexing and impact factors, archiving, and the stability of this new publishing model for scholarly literature. The open access movement has had a tremendous worldwide impact and involves not only the academic and publishing communities but also many other disciplines. This paper is based on a study undertaken by the authors with the financial assistance from the Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University, Thailand. The full report reviewed the existing open access and scholarly communication issues and also tried to know the authors perspective in Thailand and India using survey method with sample from Mahasarkham University (MSU), Thailand and University of Hyderabad (UoH), India.


A 77-year-old elderly woman of Indian ethnicity presented with complaints of gradual onset progressive increase in size of painless swelling initially noted 8 months back on the right side of face. On physical examination, there was evidence of facial asymmetry with the ovoid swelling being firm in consistency and non-tender measuring 5 6 cm in size. The patient was referred for ultrasonography which demonstrated evidence of a well-defined lobulated hypoechoic lesion measuring 2.6 2.8 cm with central vascularity in the superficial lobe of right parotid. Further, there was a similar hypoechoic lesion measuring 2.7 3.0 cm in the deep lobe (Figure 1). The remainder of the right parotid gland showed increased vascularity which was likely reactive (Figure 2). There was no involvement of ipsilateral submandibular gland and contralateral parotid gland. However, there was significant right level Ib cervical lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound imaging was performed using a Toshiba diagnostic ultrasound system (XarioTM 100, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan) with a 5 MHz convex array probe. Pleomorphic adenoma, nerve sheath tumors of the facial nerve, and adenoid cystic carcinoma were considered as differentials. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed multifocal pleomorphic adenoma and the patient was referred to general surgery department for further management where she underwent total right parotidectomy.


The Spaces R, Rk, and C The Real Numbers R The Real Spaces Rk The Complex Numbers C Point-Set Topology Bounded Sets Classification of Points Open and Closed Sets Nested Intervals and the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem Compactness and Connectedness Limits and Convergence Definitions and First Properties Convergence Results for Sequences Topological Results for Sequences Properties of Infinite Series Manipulations of Series in R Functions: Definitions and Limits Definitions Functions as Mappings Some Elementary Complex Functions Limits of Functions Functions: Continuity and Convergence Continuity Uniform Continuity Sequences and Series of Functions The Derivative The Derivative for f: D1 --> R The Derivative for f: Dk --> R The Derivative for f: Dk --> Rp The Derivative for f: D --> C The Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems Real Integration The Integral of f: [a, b] --> R Properties of the Riemann Integral Further Development of Integration Theory Vector-Valued and Line Integrals Complex Integration Introduction to Complex Integrals Further Development of Complex Line Integrals Cauchy's Integral Theorem and Its Consequences Cauchy's Integral Formula Further Properties of Complex Differentiable Functions Appendices: Winding Numbers Revisited Taylor Series, Laurent Series, and the Residue Calculus Power Series Taylor Series Analytic Functions Laurent's Theorem for Complex Functions Singularities The Residue Calculus Complex Functions as Mappings The Extended Complex Plane Lineal Fractional Transformations Conformal Mappings Bibliography Index Exercises appear at the end of each chapter.


To study the expression of ghrelin mRNA in small intestinal tissue of weaning piglets and to investigate the effect of ghrelin on intestinal growth and functional development,to study the role of endogenous somatostatins as well.18 litters of newborn piglets were divided randomly to control and treatment groups.From 12 days of age,piglets in treatment group were fed starter diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg cysteamine to deplete endogenous somatostatin(SS).Piglets were weaned at 35 days of age(d35) in both groups.6 piglets from each group were slaughtered on 28,35,38,42 and 45 d,respectively.A semiquantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the level of ghrelin mRNA in duodenum and jejunum tissues with 18S rRNA as an internal standard,and to intestigate the effects of endocrine SS on ghrelin mRNA expression.The results were as follows:(1) Ghrelin mRNA expression in duodenum exhibited a trend of decrease from 28 d to 45 d,ghrelin mRNA expression was significant lower on 38,45 d than on 28,35 d;Cysteamine increased thd level of ghrelin mRNA expression and the differences were significant only on 45 d.(2) Ghrelin mRNA expression in jejunum exhibited a significant lower level on 38 d,42 d and 45 d than other days(P0.05);On 38 d,cysteamine increased the level of ghrelin mRNA expression significantly.These results suggested ghrelin mRNA is expressed in an age dependent manner in jejunum and duodenum;and cysteamine can promeote the ghrelin expression by depleting the endogenous somatostatin.


Stimulating the innate immune system has been explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of gliomas. Inactivating mutations in ATRX, defining molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, have been implicated in dysfunctional immune signaling. However, little is known about the interplay between ATRX loss and IDH mutation on innate immunity. To explore this, we generated ATRX knockout glioma models in the presence and absence of the IDH1R132H mutation. ATRX-deficient glioma cells were sensitive to dsRNA-based innate immune agonism and exhibited impaired lethality and increased T-cell infiltration in vivo. However, the presence of IDH1R132Hdampened baseline expression of key innate immune genes and cytokines in a manner restored by genetic and pharmacological IDH1R132H inhibition. IDH1R132H co-expression did not interfere with the ATRX KO-mediated sensitivity to dsRNA. Thus, ATRX loss primes cells for recognition of dsRNA, while IDH1R132H reversibly masks this priming. This work reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic vulnerability of astrocytoma.


Being the headliner of Misty poetry, Bei Dao's works before 1989 has been the focus of many poetry critics, however, there has been less study on his poems after Bei Dao went into exile for nearly a decade. The emigration period has seen the changes of Bei Dao's poem that new images like homeland, travel, foreign countries, native language, parents, the East were endowed with more meaning. Besides, his poems became short, and topics became more casual. In article research the transformation of guideline values in Bei Dao's works during his emigration period.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of routine haecho bibimbab (boiled rice with assorted seaweed mixtures) consumption on the bowel habits in humans. Forty free-living adults (female 38, male 2) participated in this study (mean age ). After a baseline survey on general characteristics, life style and dietary habits, the participants were asked to consume haecho bibimbab during two-week period for lunch. Habitual bowel movements were checked out every day by a questionnaire and nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hour recalls before and after the study. After 2 weeks of clinical trial, the bowel habits had improved. Haecho bibimbab increased the number of bowel movements, changed hard stools into softer ones. It also lessen the sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain during defecation, increased water intake (p


Tetraiodoglucagon caused a severalfold increase in hepatic phenylalanine pyruvate aminotransferase in rats. Cycloheximide, given simultaneously with the tetraiodoglucagon or 4 hr later, nearly completely blocked the elevation of the enzyme. Actinomycin D completely blocked the increase in enzyme activity when it was injected along with tetraiodoglucagon, but had no effect when given four hours after the tetraiodoglucagon. These results indicate that the increased enzyme activity is due to an increased synthesis of enzyme. The formation of new enzyme can be blocked by inhibiting protein synthesis or by inhibiting transcription of genetic information, the latter process apparently being complete within 4 hr after tetraiodoglucagon administration. (Endocrinology 93: 740, 1973)


We study the time evolution of entangled states of a pair of identical atoms, considered in the harmonic approximation, coupled to an environment represented by an infinite set of free oscillators, with the whole system confined within a spherical cavity of radius R. Taking the center-of-mass and the relative-position coordinates, and using the dressed-state approach, we present the time evolution of some quantities measuring the entanglement for both limits of a very large and a small cavity; the chosen examples are simple and illustrate these very distinct behaviors.


The scale issue in quantitative remote sensing is a significant challenge that comprises three major problems that need to be addressed:(1) the forward modeling of remote sensing signals for heterogeneous land surfaces, (2) the parameter inversion for heterogeneous land surfaces, and (3) the upscaling of in situ observation for the validation of remote sensing products. This study focuses on the third problem by reviewing the progress of upscaling research in the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER). First, we define several basic concepts associated with scaling on the basis of the probability space and data assimilation theory. These concepts include spatial average, spatial upscaling, footprint scale, pixel scale, point scale, representativeness error, observation truth, and validation threshold. Second, we introduce the multiscale observation platform of HiWATER and multiscale observation data, which covers the scales from point to pixels, sub-basins, and the whole river basin. Third, we describe several new developments in the sampling design based on geostatistics and temporal stability analysis. Specifically, a hybrid model-based sampling method without any spatial autocorrelation assumptions is developed to optimize the distribution of eco-hydrological wireless sensor network nodes, a universal coKriging model is proposed to optimize multivariate sampling design, and a stratified block kriging is used to optimize the sampling locations in a spatial heterogeneous area. The temporal stability analysis is improved for the selection of the representative sampling points of the albedo and leaf area index. The stratified temporal stability analysis is proposed to identify the representative sampling points for monitoring long-term soil moisture at the pixel scale in high-intensity irrigated agricultural landscapes. Fourth, the representativeness of the in situ observation of solar radiation, carbon flux, soil moisture, and land surface temperature is evaluated. Results showed that the uncertainty of the validation for remote sensing products in heterogeneous areas mainly comes from the spatial and temporal representativeness of in situ measurements. Fifth, several upscaling methods are developed. The Kriging method is extended to block regression Kriging, area-to-area regression Kriging, spatiotemporal regression block Kriging, and unequal accuracy block Kriging for upscaling the in situ observation from the point-scale or footprint- scale to the pixel scale. Additionally, several case studies show that the Bayesian maximum entropy, a nonlinear method, is capable of providing a generalized theory framework to fuse general knowledge (such as that obtained from a model) and specific knowledge (such as that obtained from direct and indirect observations). The usefulness of high-resolution remote sensing data as auxiliary information in improving the accuracy of upscaling is verified in this work. Overall, the multi-scale observation data collected in HiWATER are helpful in improving our understanding of remote sensing scale problems. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.


The Health Systems Management Center at Case Western Reserve University is a unique program that involves both the School of Medicine and the School of Management. It was created to improve the knowledge base for managing medical care through education, research and practice.


Nowadays, conservation of old town centres is one of the main goals of several planning processes. For this reason, planning and historic centres' preservation can be considered synergetic concept (Frank &Petersen, 2002) and activities. Old city centres lost the role of residence and centres of services, so it important to trigger a process of reuse of historic centres through promotion of influence that residents have on social, economic and cultural vitality of the human fabric. Indeed, the role of residents in the requalification of historic centres is not sufficiently considered and it is understimated. Residents have an important role given that they can assure a high quality of life in historic centres, as they are the most important owners of the inner city, both because they have an interest in a high quality of life in the area where they live, and an economic interest related to the requalification given that the value of a building in a redeveloped area is higher than in a degradate zone.


: A greenhouse experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at the Nursery of Ornamental plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, to compare the ability of humic and fulvic acids solely at different concentrations (500,1000,1500 mg/l), besides the control on improving some vegetative, flowering parameters and chemical constituents of mums ( Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Flyer'). The obtained results cleared that fulvic acid at concentrations of 1500 and 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l were the most effective treatments for improving the vegetative parameters (plant height, branches number, plant spread, roots/shoots ratio, fresh and dry weights of plant, and leaf area), flowering parameters (days required period for appearing the first inflorescence and 50% of inflorescences, duration of flowering stage and the vase life, inflorescences number/plant, inflorescence diameter). Furthermore, drenching fulvic acid at 1500 and 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l, promoted the photosynthesis pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), in addition to the percentages of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the leaves. Finally, it could be recommended to use fulvic acid at 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l twice monthly (six times during the flowers production process) as a soil drench before the irrigation process for obtaining the ideal growth characteristics of this important pot and cut flower plant.


We continue the study of the spectral theory associated to integrable metrics, started in our previous paper arXiv:1301.1793 [math.SP]. We introduce the notion of 1-integrable metric on line-bundles on a compact Riemann surface. We extend the spectral theory of generalized Laplacians to line-bundles equipped with 1-integrable metrics. As an application, we recover the following identity: [\zeta'_{\Delta_{\bar{\mathcal{O}(m)}_\infty}}(0)=T_g\bigl((\p^1,\omega_\infty); \bar{\mathcal{O}(m)}_\infty \bigr),] obtained using direct computations in arXiv:1301.1792 [math.NT].


Introduction With growing environmental concerns and the increasing consumption of fossil fuels, which have limited reserves, the use of biomass as an alternative energy source has gained significant attention. Bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of biomass is a potential candidate to replace conventional transportation fuels. However, due to its high oxygen contents and high acidity which make biomass-derived oils corrosive and unstable, bio-oil cannot be used as transportation fuels without being upgraded [1].


Curcumin is reported as an anti-proliferative and chemopreventive compound. However, it shows poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. To address these problems, curcumin derivatives substituted with polyether chain were synthesized to improve the hydrophilicity of curcumin and thus its bioavailability. The biological activity of modified curcumin molecules were studied with human normal Blymphocytes GM 14667 and human leukemia cells HL60 and covered: the denotation of IC50 values for each new compound with use of MTT test and the studies on apoptosis induction observed as morphological changes and the expression of apoptotic proteins, BAX, BCL-2 and survivin with use of Western Blot analysis. All effects were referenced to native curcumin. The derivatives with modified polyether chains number and the position of methoxy groups were selected for further studies. As was shown, the solubility of the compound does not directly correlate with its cytotoxicity. The maintenance of the methoxy group in the meta position, as well as the introduction of hydrophilic polyether chains but not the number of polyether chains, may affect the cytotoxic activity of curcumin derivatives against cancer cells. Modifications of the curcumin molecule structure can determine its impact on the profile of proor anti-apoptotic proteins.


Glioma is a common malignant tumor in the brain that severely threatens public health. DNA methylation is a manifestation of epigenetics and the MGMT gene correlates with cell metabolism. Previous studies showed the involvement of MGMT methylation in the malignancy of various tumors. This study focused on the role of the MGMT methylation level and its role in the treatment of glioma by alkylating agents. Human neuroglioma cell line SHG44 was treated with 5, 10, and 20 μM 5-Aza-CdR, followed by a qRT-PCR analysis of the MGMT mRNA expression level. Pyrophosphate sequencing was performed to analyze the methylation level of the MGMT gene. A total of 89 neuroglioma patients in our hospital from Jan 2014 to Feb 2017 were recruited for measuring the methylation level in the promoter region of the MGMT gene using the pyrophosphate sequencing approach. Gene methylation levels were compared at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after drug treatment (temozolomide and nimustine). Treatment with 5-Aza-CdR gradually increased MGMT mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, and the MGMT mRNA level was negatively correlated with the methylation level. MGMT gene methylation showed statistical significance among patients across age, smoking, and drinking history. Those patients with more advanced tumor stages presented with higher methylation levels (P<0.05). Glioma patients presented a decreased trend of MGMT methylation levels with an elongated treatment duration. MGMG expression is under the regulation of methylation in glioma cells and is correlated with the efficacy of alkylating drugs.


The method used in the process design of chemical plants has a special structure which needs to be identified. This structure is outlined, and at the same time it is shown that the well known progression of capital cost methods from those which establish only the general order of the cost, on the basis of statistical data, to the accurate deterministic methods, correspond with a similar pattern in process design and programming. This reinforces the contention that a primary function of the project code is to link these together. Some apparently unnoticed simple relationships between the project control functions estimating programming and cost control indicate a rationalisation which supports the suggestion that the process engineering method has an area of application much wider than that at present recognised. An illustration is given through an example of mining and coal preparation which demonstrates this.


This video contains extended clips from Ira Koretsky's keynote for the International Association of Hispanic Meeting Planners (IAHMP) 17th Annual Conference in Portland, Oregon. Ira's topic was "Unforgettable Communications: How to Turn Your Personal...


PurposeUsing primary survey data from an urban area in Global North, this study aims to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on perception of usefulness of public transport and the importance of safety in preferring private modes of transport over public.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses stratified random sampling technique to collect data on travel behavior and socioeconomic characteristics. Descriptive statistics complemented with bivariate probit model and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model is implemented on the data obtained.FindingsThe study finds that women, unmarried individuals, the youngest age group, least educated individuals and those who are working are expected to finding public transport more useful as compared to their respective counterparts. Despite finding the mode most useful, women are more likely to find it unsafe to travel.Research limitations/implicationsThe study calls attention to not only dealing with the infrastructural changes in system but also with those attached insecurities which limit its use.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a comprehensive evaluation of the demands and challenges for transportation services faced by different segments of the society is carried out in this section of the developing world.


The concept of m-polar fuzzy set is the generalization of bipolar fuzzy set. In this paper, the concept of m-polar fuzzy set is applied to graphs and studied about the degree of a vertex in m-polar fuzzy graphs which are obtained from two given m-polar fuzzy graphs G1 and G2 using the operations of Cartesian product, composition, direct product, semi-strong product and strong product. We have investigated several results for finding the degree of a vertex in these graphs. Finally, an application of 3-polar fuzzy digraph is given as an example. c ©2017 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.


A 65-year-old man presented with remittent fever and macrocytic anemia. His hemoglobin level was 7.6 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 105 fL, white blood cell count 2,200/μL, and platelet count 272×10/μL. Bone marrow aspirates showed 40% cellularity with marked erythroid hypoplasia and dysplasia of granulocyteand megakaryocyte-lineage cells. Blasts, comprising 17.8% of nucleated cells, were composed of two populations: type A blasts were myeloperoxidase-positive myeloid precursors, while type B blasts had an eccentric nucleus and abundant cytoplasm, and electron microscopic examination revealed tubuloreticular inclusions. Flow cytometry discriminated a mononuclear cell population that expressed CD4, CD36, CD45RA, CD123, CD303, CD304, and HLA-DR, but lacked CD1a, CD11c, CD34, and CD56 and lineage-specific markers; this phenotype most likely represented type B blasts. G-banding revealed del(5)(q13q33) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality and 79.7% of interphase nuclei, including those of both types of blasts, were found to lack one 5q31 signal by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patient responded well to daunorubicin-cytarabine induction chemotherapy and successfully underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, achieving long-term disease-free survival. We herein describe a rare case of myelodysplastic syndrome, in which blasts differentiated to plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vivo. The biological and clinical significance of this rare condition remains to be clarified.


Based on Location Gini Coefficient theory,analyzing data of high-tech industry in 2002 and 2006 in Hunan Province.The results show that: high-tech industries in Hunan highly geographically concentrate in Changsha,Zhuzhou and Xiangtan cities;In the passed 5 years,high-tech industries geographic concentration has been weakened in Hunan Province.High-tech industry should be further strengthened gathering in Changsha,Zhuzhou and Xiangtan cities,also vigorously support the development of high-tech industries in Hengyang and Yueyang.


Although the Thayer Activation-Deactivation Check List has been used for the phenomenological report of activation levels during cognitive and fine motor tasks, more vigorous tasks such as those in industry and athletics have not ben investigated. Hence, the check list was used to compare General Activation during five activities with different subjects and varied energy requirements: a repetitive manipulative industrial-type task, a recreational team game, an elite athletic competition, a demanding individual sport for novice competitors, and for contrast, a relaxation session. The results indicated construct validity in that the relaxation session, monotonous industrial task, and sitting in the laboratory showed lower activation scores than participation in recreational or competitive athletics. Replications using both the standard form and short form of this check list under differing conditions gave similar results. Thayer's check list is an efficient and economical tool for the measurement of self-reported levels of activation within subjects and across field situations.


Joint Regression Analysis is a widely used technique for cultivar comparison. For each cultivar a linear regression is adjusted on a non-observable regressor: the environmental index. This index measures, for each block, the corresponding productivity. When all cultivars are present in all the blocks in the field trials, the series of experiments is complete. To carry out the minimization of the sum of sums of squares of residuals in order to estimate the coefficients of the regressions and the environmental indexes an iterative algorithm, the zigzag algorithm, was introduced, see Mexia et al. [J.T. Mexia, L 2 environmental indexes, Biom. Lett. 36 (1999), pp. 137–143.]. This algorithm performs well, see e.g. Mexia et al. [Weighted linear joint regression analysis, Biom. Lett. 38 (2001), pp. 33–40.] and Mexia and Pereira [J.T. Mexia, D.G. Pereira, Joint regression analysis for winter rye cultivars using L 2 indexes, J. Colloquium Biometryczne 31 (2001), pp. 207–212.] but it has not been shown that it converges to the absolute minimum of the goal function. We present an alternative algorithm and show that, in the complete case, it converges to the absolute minimum. Through an example it is shown that the results obtained using both algorithms agree. We analyse the reason behind the agreement between both algorithms.


This paper focuses on the academic involvement in the design and delivery of new teaching and learning spaces in higher education. The findings are based on research conducted at 12 universities within the United Kingdom. The paper examines the nature of academic involvement in the design and decision-making process of pedagogic space design, revealing some of the complexities and the tensions within this area of academic leadership. The research found that innovation and creativity on particular projects is often restricted by the project management decision-making processes and that broader institutional aims are often underplayed once the design process goes into project mode. The paper concludes by calling for greater academic involvement in the design process in ways that allow for critical reflexivity based on discussions around the concept of 'the idea of the university'.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qontraxt software in contrast-enhanced ultrasound quantitative analysis in the diagnosis of breast tumors.Methods Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) were performed in 73 patients with 78 breast tumors.Qontraxt software was used to analyze the parametric imaging color maps of CEUS and the hemodynamic parameters of time intensity curve;each was individually identified using histopathologic diagnosis.Results The final histopathologic diagnoses showed malignant in 47 lesions and benign in 31 lesions.The study showed that varied parametric imaging color maps for peak intensity and time to peak were mostly suggestive of malignancy,while the quite uniform peak intensity and time to peak of color maps were the characteristic of benign tumors.The study also revealed malignant lesions presented higher maximum intensity signal than benign ones(P0.05) on the time intensity curve.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography for breast carcinomas was 70.2%,80.6% and 74.4%,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CEUS was 87.2%,90.3% and 88.5%,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the combination of ultrasonography and CEUS was 91.5%,93.5% and 92.3%,respectively.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of parametric imaging color maps and time intensity curve are helpful in diagnosing breast tumors.


Auto‐induction media containing glucose, lactose, and glycerol are a simple and efficient approach for high‐throughput protein expression in Escherichia coli with lac‐derived expression systems. Its principle is based on inducer exclusion between glucose and lactose, preventing the induction by lactose before the depletion of glucose. Isopropyl‐β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)—at least in typically used millimolar concentrations—is thought to be unsuitable for this purpose since it can enter the cell by diffusion independently of inducer exclusion. In this study, using parallel batch cultivations in stirred‐tank bioreactors on a milliliter scale, we show that the induction by micromolar concentrations of IPTG is prevented in the presence of glucose. With up to 40 μM IPTG, full induction and heterologous protein expression start only after the depletion of glucose. Thus, auto‐induction is possible with either lactose or IPTG, and the expression greatly depends on the type and concentration of the inducer. The best expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein was achieved with 40 μM IPTG in stirred‐tank bioreactors on a milliliter scale. The IPTG‐based auto‐induction was also reproduced in shaking flasks. Therefore, IPTG can be used in auto‐induction media for protein expression in batch‐cultured E. coli. Furthermore, we show that acetate or arabinose can have significant effects on the auto‐induction mechanism.


Since its start in 1992 in Japan, the International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (ISSM) has provided unique opportunities to share the best practices of semiconductor manufacturing technologies for professionals worldwide. At the symposium, professionals assemble to discuss the technologies developed to meet worldwide requirements for advanced semiconductor manufacturing. It is crucial to re-examine semiconductor manufacturing in terms of fundamental principles to improve the performance of devices. In addition, manufacturing technologies that preserve the Earth's environment will require new concepts and stronger collaborative efforts to find precompetitive solutions to the challenges posed.


The human perception of stylistic similarity transcends structure and function: for instance, a bed and a dresser may share a common style. An algorithmically computed style similarity measure that mimics human perception can benefit a range of computer graphics applications. Previous work in style analysis focused on shapes within the same class, and leveraged structural similarity between these shapes to facilitate analysis. In contrast, we introduce the first structure-transcending style similarity measure and validate it to be well aligned with human perception of stylistic similarity. Our measure is inspired by observations about style similarity in art history literature, which point to the presence of similarly shaped, salient, geometric elements as one of the key indicators of stylistic similarity. We translate these observations into an algorithmic measure by first quantifying the geometric properties that make humans perceive geometric elements as similarly shaped and salient in the context of style, then employing this quantification to detect pairs of matching style related elements on the analyzed models, and finally collating the element-level geometric similarity measurements into an object-level style measure consistent with human perception. To achieve this consistency we employ crowdsourcing to quantify the different components of our measure; we learn the relative perceptual importance of a range of elementary shape distances and other parameters used in our measurement from 50K responses to cross-structure style similarity queries provided by over 2500 participants.We train and validate our method on this dataset, showing it to successfully predict relative style similarity with near 90% accuracy based on 10-fold cross-validation.


Bragg gratings are one of most powerful basic components for optical signal processing. They have been intensively used to construct various functional devices, such as lasers, modulators, WDM filters, optical delay lines, dispersion compensators, sensors etc. The Bragg grating can be regarded as one-dimensional photonic crystal whose performance can be easily tailored by changing the grating parameters. In this paper, we review our recent progress on Bragg gratings made on two different types of waveguide systems. The first one is based on ultra-thin silicon waveguides. Regular 220-nm-height silicon waveguides, due to the high optical confinement, are very sensitive to small variation in grating corrugations, and therefore well-controlled grating spectrum is difficult to obtain using DUV photolithography. We propose to use silicon waveguides with reduced height of around 60nm to make the Bragg gratings. Due to the weaker optical confinement, the waveguide propagation loss is lower and grating patterns are easier to be fabricated in the waveguide. Measurement on a spiral Bragg grating reveals that the stopband is around 1nm wide with extinction ratio larger than 40 dB. A transparency peak can occur in the stopband owing to the phase jump at the central S-junction of the spiral waveguide. Another type of Bragg gratings is based on a nanofiber coupled metal strip array. The nano-fiber is freely movable on top of the metal surface, allowing for the flexible reconfiguration of the grating system. Upon excitation of the hybrid plasmonic mode, a strong reflection peak occurs within a very short grating length. The reflection bandwidth is around 15nm with extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, applicable in CWDM filters.


The structural adjustment of the regional higher education regards the adaptation to the employment demands and the promotion of the economic development as the basic goals.In hope of realizing the above goals,this paper gives an empirical analysis of the structure of the higher education in China as well as the local population's adaptability to the employment structure,and establishes a three-dimensional evaluation model based on the relevant development level,trend and status.According to the empirical results,this paper divides the 30 provinces of China into eight kinds of areas in a descending order in hope of providing some scientific foundation for the strategic and structural optimization of Chinese higher education.


Under the name Proinfo Integrado there is a collaboration of the Ministry of Education and the State Secretary of Education to implement information and communication technologies to improve


A double-E-corrugated color zero-difference energy-saving reinforcement green package comprises a first composite layer and a second composite layer. A continuous and same-height first wave-shaped reinforcement layer is arranged between the first composite layer and the second composite layer; the upper and lower top points of the first wave-shaped reinforcement layer are bonded with the first composite layer and the second composite layer respectively through adhesives; a continuous and same-height second wave-shaped reinforcement layer is bonded on the other surface of the second composite layer, and thus a double-E-corrugated structure is formed; and the double-E-corrugated structure has very good support strength. A combined-type molding mechanism is used, so that various types of corrugated shapes can be prepared simultaneously; the prepared package box is high in compressive strength, and printing can be carried out directly on offset printing; each paper box is formed through one piece of paperboard, so that color zero-difference is realized during printing; and the paper box has only one joint place, which can be connected in an adhesive manner without using metal nails, thereby reducing production cost and reducing resource waste.


We present an experiment using lasers to produce a shock pressure of >10 Mbar, which we then use to drive Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor growth at a 2D multimode perturbed interface. Key features of this platform are that we can precisely reproduce the perturbation from iteration to iteration of the experiment, facilitating analysis, and that the lasers allow us to produce very strong shocks, creating a plasma state in the system. We also implement a Bayesian technique to analyze the multimode spectra. This technique enables us to draw quantitative conclusions about the spectrum, even in the presence of significant noise. For instance, we measure the signal contained in the seeded modes over time, as well as the transition of the initial growth rate of these modes into the overall saturation behavior of the spectrum.


The water bodies are of small or large size have a great
importance within an ecosystem, since they are connected directly to the
ecological balance, the present study had as objective to analyze water
samples several points of a hydric body present within the urban perimeter, its
methodology was derived from the Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, one of the most well-regarded books for water
analysis, the results were satisfactory with answers that show that the water
body has the capacity for aquatic life, and the conclusion is that requires
greater care with these resources that are directly linked to human life.


The interaction of low energy electrons (0–18 eV) with C2F4Cl2 molecules condensed in multilayer amounts on a cryogenically cooled Au substrate generates Cl2, as can be seen from the energy and temperature dependence of the Cl− desorption signal. The cross section for Cl2 formation exhibits two pronounced resonant features with maxima near 0 and 10 eV, dropping to essentially zero in the energy range between the resonances (near 3 eV). The energy dependence of the reaction cross section qualitatively follows that of Cl− desorption, which itself can be correlated to dissociative electron attachment (DA) processes in the gas phase. While at 10 eV excited negative ion resonances and electronically excited states of neutral C2F4Cl2 may be involved in the process, in the low energy region (<2 eV) the reaction can
only be initiated by dissociative electron attachment. Possible reaction pathways are discussed.


Recently developed improved methods for highway storm water drainage require information on the temporal distribution of rainfall (i.e., hyetograph) in addition to the average rain intensity. The triangular design hyetograph method is developed as a practical method to provide the local storm hyetograph for design of small highway drainage facilities. The method is based on the methods of moments, using and preserving the statistical mean of the first time moment of rainstroms. The method is proposed as a trade-off between theoretical sophistication and practical simplicity. A total of 293.946 rainstroms from the hourly precipitation data of 222 National Weather Service stations and 5 to 60 minute data of 13 raingage stations of USDA Agricultural Research Service were analyzed to provide the statistical values of the hyetograph parameters for the United States. In Volume II existing methods to describe the temporal distribution of the rainfall of a design storm are first briefly reviewed. Next, different definitions of rainstorms are discussed. The theory of the first-moment triangular design hyetograph method is presented. Details of the rainstorm data utilized are described. The results of the statistical analysis of the data are summarized and discussed. From these results a national map of the value of the nondimensional peak rain time of the triangular hyetograph is developed for use in highway storm drainage designs. (FHWA)


Purpose To develop and evaluate an image‐domain noise reduction method for multi‐energy CT (MECT) data. Methods Multi‐Energy Non‐Local Means (MENLM) is a technique that uses the redundant information in MECT images to achieve noise reduction. In this method, spatio‐spectral features are used to determine the similarity between pixels, making the similarity evaluation more robust to image noise. The performance of this MENLM filter was tested on images acquired on a whole‐body research photon counting CT system. The impact of filtering on image quality was quantitatively evaluated in phantom studies in terms of image noise level (standard deviation of pixel values), noise power spectrum (NPS), in‐plane and cross‐plane spatial resolution, CT number accuracy, material decomposition performance, and subjective low‐contrast spatial resolution using the American College of Radiology (ACR) CT accreditation phantom. Clinical feasibility was assessed by performing MENLM on contrast‐enhanced swine images and unenhanced cadaver head images using clinically relevant doses and dose rates. Results The phantom studies demonstrated that the MENLM filter reduced noise substantially and still preserved the shape and peak frequency of the NPS. With 80% noise reduction, MENLM filtering caused no degradation of high‐contrast spatial resolution, as illustrated by the modulation transfer function (MTF) and slice sensitivity profile (SSP). CT number accuracy was also maintained for all energy channels, demonstrating that energy resolution was not affected by filtering. Material decomposition performance was improved with MENLM filtering. The subjective evaluation using the ACR phantom demonstrated an improvement in low‐contrast performance. MENLM achieved effective noise reduction in both contrast‐enhanced swine images and unenhanced cadaver head images, resulting in improved detection of subtle vascular structures and the differentiation of white/gray matter. Conclusion In MECT, MENLM achieved around 80% noise reduction and greatly improved material decomposition performance and the detection of subtle anatomical/low‐contrast features while maintaining spatial and energy resolution. MENLM filtering may improve diagnostic or functional analysis accuracy and facilitate radiation dose and contrast media reduction for MECT.


Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) is a community-driven non-profit organization that provides an open registry of persistent identifiers for researchers and scholars. The mission of ORCID is to address the name ambiguity problem in research and scholarly communication. ORCID works with the research community to embed identifiers in research workflows: grant applications, manuscript submissions, association membership renewal, meeting abstract submission, everywhere that a person can be connected with a research or scholarly contribution. This article describes ORCID, and its adoption by the research community, and provides examples of how ORCID identifiers are being integrated by organizations throughout the community and becoming part of the metadata on a diverse set of documents. Ultimately, the goal of ORCID is to improve discoverability, reduce repetitive data entry, and thereby allow researchers and organizations more time to focus on research and scholarly pursuits.


Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states of Ga3As, As3Ga, and their anions and cations are computed by the complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles+doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations that included up to 4.4 million configurations. Whereas the ground state of Ga3As is found to be a symmetric triangular pyramidal (C3v) 1A1 structure, the ground state of As3Ga is predicted to undergo Jahn-Teller distortion to a Cs 1A′ state with a folded geometry. The ground state of the Ga3As− ion is found to be surprisingly a planar (C2v) structure but the ground state of the GaAs3− ion exhibits a Cs nonplanar Jahn-Teller distorted geometry. The energy separations of a number of excited electronic states have been computed to predict the spectra of these species. The equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, atomization energies, adiabatic ionization potentials, electron affinities, and other properties for the electronic states o...


Human β‐galactoside α‐2,6‐sialyltransferase I (hST6Gal I) catalyses the synthesis of sialylated glycoconjugates involved in cell–cell interactions. Overexpression of hST6Gal I is observed in many different types of cancers, where it promotes metastasis through altered cell surface sialylation. A wide range of sialyltransferase (ST) inhibitors have been developed based on the natural donor, cytidine 5′‐monophosphate N‐acetylneuraminic acid (CMP‐Neu5Ac). Of these, analogues that are structurally similar to the transition state exhibit the highest inhibitory activity. In order to design inhibitors that are readily accessible synthetically and with favourable pharmacokinetic properties, an investigation of the replacement of the charged phosphodiester‐linker, present in many ST inhibitors, with a potential neutral isostere such as a carbamate or a 1,2,3‐triazole has been undertaken. To investigate this, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. These simulations provided an insight into the binding mode of previously reported phosphodiester‐linked ST inhibitors and demonstrated that targeting the proposed sialyl acceptor site is a viable option for producing selective inhibitors. The potential for a carbamate‐ or triazole‐linker as an isosteric replacement for the phosphodiester in transition‐state analogue ST inhibitors was established using molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulations of carbamate‐ and phosphodiester‐linked compounds revealed that both classes exhibit consistent interactions with hST6Gal I. Overall, the results obtained from this study provide a rationale for synthetic and biological evaluation of triazole‐ and carbamate‐linked transition‐state analogue ST inhibitors as potential new antimetastatic agents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of the paper is to discuss the concept of a method for non-invasive, in situ characterization of a glass fibre diameter. The method involves the use of low-coherence radiation as a measurement tool. The essence of the method is to influence the spectral properties of the incident light in such a way to obtain the scattered field at a small angle easy to explain both, from the physical as well as mathematical point of view. Some numerical examples demonstrate the properties of the scattered field. To obtain the fibre diameter, direct and reverse mathematical analysis will be introduced with the aid of a solution to the Huygens-Fresnel integral. An empirical research will be aimed to demonstrate some achievements in the formation and analysis of the filed scattered on an optical fibre.


The accuracy requirements for precision approaches (CAT III) may be fulfilled with GPS as well as GLONASS, if differential compensation and phase measurement techniques are applied. The poor technical integrity can be eliminated with complementary sensors and adequate filtering techniques. A still unsolved problem is the political integrity of GPS and GLONASS, as both systems are under military control. An additional civil satellite navigation system may overcome these problems. Based on eight years experience in the design and testing of integrated GNSS systems, all relevant aspects concerning accuracy, technical and institutional integrity are discussed.