ion of the concept of culture that "summons the totally negating energy of iconoclasm, rather than critique." In their analysis of the controversy over the mounting of an emblem of a Senufo mask at the gate to a university in Côte d'Ivoire, Ouattara and Touré point to the "precariousness and instability of cultural heritage." Their conclusion echoes that of Peter Probst 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the _Democratic_Republic_of_Congo#:~:textpThe%20 National%20Museum%20of%20the,Congo%20in%20the %20capital%20Kinshasa. (Downloaded June 21, 2020) 2. Zina Saro-Wiwa, "Worrying the Mask: the Politics of Authenticity and Contemporaneity in the Worlds of African Art," a "performance lecture film," 2020. who writes that "the debate on restitution has globalized the uncertainty of heritage." Born of looting at the Louvre in 1795, the concept of heritage seeks to stabilize through the fixed forms of cultural property a modernist relation to the past known only through loss. Moreover, as Probst underscores, framing the debate about restitution in terms of "heritage" once again begs the question of who is empowered to make claims. In the case study at the university, for example, it is striking that Senufo practitioners did not feel empowered to speak nor apparently were invited to join the discussion about the representation of one of their masks. Because cultural critics have embraced the iconoclastic posture of the "attacking or overthrow of venerated institutions and cherished beliefs" (OED), there is an inclination to argue as Rosalind Morris does in favor of making distinctions between a generative iconoclasm involving an internal "dialectic of self-critical self-renewal" and the "drive to totality" found in the destruction unleashed by outsiders who strive to impose their own norms on someone else's society. Although I understand the motivation to make such distinctions, I am concerned that they can overinscribe the singularity of mass movements such as Àtíngà, underestimate their revolutionary ambition, and discount their emotional intensity. Both the surviving iconoclasts and the relatives of the accused women interviewed in 2005 felt traumatized by the experience. Morris fears that failing to separate sufficiently the study of colonialist violence from other forms of "selfcritical" iconoclasm could imply that contemporary protestors are mimicking colonialists. This is a sensitive topic. Kassi, Outattara & Touré share my suspicions that colonialist and missionary attacks on African religions have poisoned the reception of many objects associated with indigenous religions by many African Christians, as when Kassi cites the pastor who expressed a hope that theMuseumofCivilizations inAbidjanwould be destroyed during the civil unrest of 2011. Iconoclasts draw their inspiration from many sources and I address the individuality, the creativity if you would, of their exchanges across cultural divides. Mumbembele approaches some of the issues raised by Morris from a different angle. He contrasts the benign impact of "institutionalized" destruction (e.g. burning of masks or the abandonment of structures) with the "traumatic" impact of colonial, Christian or Muslim destruction, motivated by the goal of "restructuring the social pact." It is an important point that the same 987 ICONOCLASMS AS SITES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE outcome can be experienced quite differently, depending on whether or not there is a sense of coercion or loss. My work on what I call "iconoclasm by proxy" was inspired by Chinua Achebe, who encourages us to see ephemerality as a choice with both political and aesthetic implications. He maintains that Igbo historically valued process over product, eschewing collections, which "by their very nature will impose rigid, artistic attitudes and conventions on creativity which the Igbo sensibility goes out of its way to avoid." (Achebe 1988: 64). I would just add that "institutionalized" destruction can redirect societal tensions. To take an example drawn from my research, Eastern Pende chiefs in DRC by law may notmaintain their sculpted houses, so that they end up having to live with their progressive decay until their people take pity on them and build a new one (Strother 2004). Chiefs expressed anxiety and frustration over this state of affairs but they have been constrained by their elders (malemba), who hoped that forcing them to live with decay would drive home the lesson that they were going to die one day and should be careful to respect their people. Most of the time, transforming the chief 's house into a memento mori is a splendid example of Mumbembele's argument about the benign nature of "authorized" destruction from within a society. It exemplifies the auto-critique lauded by Morris. However, the tensions demanding the decay of the house in the first place stem from suspicions of chiefs' aggrandizing political motives, and the animosity against them can grow intense. Riots have even broken out, resulting in attacks on the house or the power objects within. The legislated decay and the physical attacks have a relationship that explains one another. Sarró and Morris react to Sarr and Savoy's emphasis on "youth" as the primary audience for restitution. First, Sarró wryly notes how active young people are in my survey of iconoclastic interventions. This is interesting and a rich point for future research. It is certainly true for Àtíngà and Rhodes Must Fall but I will need to think more about how mature leaders find fellowship with youth to launch mass movements. Morris points to the slipperiness of envisioning youth as the primary audience for restitution since each generation "will be displaced by those who come after." Will future young people agree with what their elders have done? One way to think about the question via Janzen is to consider that what both iconoclasm and restitution have in common is the goal of renewing society. Sarró outlines questions of agency, space, time, and the building of relationships that are germane to all of the contributions. His observation that "iconoclasm is always about place-making," applies to each and every instance in the volume. For example, the Yoruba who invited Àtíngà initiates into their cities or into their homes did so in order to create a new urban or domestic space in which they felt safe. The iconoclast at St. Paul's Catholic Church Ebute-Metta acted in order to mark the church as a "Christian-only" domain. Socialist Guinea burned masks and other works in order to usher in a modern socialist state. Certain Ghanaians attacked statues of Nkrumah to secure a republican space. Ouattara's and Touré's essay recounts an impassioned debate in Côte d'Ivoire about how best a university can set off a space devoted to "science and knowledge." As Sarró says, the restitution debate is just such a debate about place: what kind of new places will repatriation build? Who will feel comfortable in them? Michel-Rolph Trouillot famously took to task professional historians who "grossly underestimate the size, the relevance, and the complexity of the overlapping sites where history is produced, notably outside of academia" (2015: 19). Iconoclastic controversies provide one such laboratory in which knowledge is created and debated about the nature of representation and about the relationship of the past to the present. They provide a platform for scholars and museum professionals to listen to self-identified stakeholders who assert a voice in determining the role of images in their societies, the question that lies at the core of the restitution debate.


Jan Orzelski was actively involved in the political life of the Republic of the Nobles as a member of a regional assembly, a deputy and next a senator. He recorded the history of his family in the work entitled Annales domus Orzelsciae. It was edited by Adam Tytus Działyński on the basis of a manuscript stored in the Kórnik Library together with a family diary Kopia pobożnej pamięci imci Elżbiety Orzelskiej. Annales… consists of two parts: a comprehensive introduction and a chronicle containing annual entries regarding the most important events in Jan Orzelski's family in the years 1589–1611 (that period being extended to 1618 by adding the diary Kopia pobożnej pamięci…). Much focus in the first part of the Annales... was placed on Stefan Batory's military campaigns to conquer Polotsk (1579), Velikiye Luki (1580) and Pskov (1581), in which Jan Orzelski took part as a cavalry captain. The author's intention, however, was not to describe those military campaigns in detail but to present "only some memorable issues". The Annales... depicts, first of all, the origins of the "family from Orle", the history and the characteristics of the family members in the male line. The author included his biography as well.


Prior to 1944, the interpretation of the British anti-slavery movement was dominated by the 'humanitarian' ideas of the school of imperial historians centred round the great Sir Reginald Coupland. The turning point in slave trade and slavery studies came with the publication of Eric Williams' Capitalism and Slavery, significantly enough published at Chapel Hill—it would be interesting to find out whether the manuscript had previously been submitted to any English firms. In his bibliography, Williams remarked of Coupland that he 'represents the sentimental conception of history; his works help us to understand what the anti-slavery movement was not'. But the attack went much further than personalities. Capitalism and Slavery included evidence which stood the more traditional interpretation on its head, while its conclusions rejected the simple moral motivation which had previously been picked out as the main factor behind the abolition of the slave trade and slavery. The whole thesis of Williams' book was that while the moral awakening of which Coupland and his followers had written may have genuinely affected the behaviour of individual supporters of abolition, the root cause of the abandonment of the slave trade and later of West Indian slavery was a change in the balance of economic pressure groups. Building on the work of Lowell Joseph Ragatz, Williams suggested that the anti-slavery movement was a group response of the middle class, to a decline in the relative power of the West India interest on the one hand, and a change in the needs of the increasingly industrialized society in which they lived on the other.


Dehydroisoandrosterone, administered orally to New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 hybrid mice, prevented the formation of antibodies to double-stranded DNA and prolonged survival in this murine model of lupus erythematosus.


We examine the feasibility of amplification of the electromagnetic signal in semiconductor superlattice by moving charge domains, which are generated in superlattice by applied DC bias. We show that an external resonator connected to the semiconductor superlattice significantly broadens the frequency range of amplified signals to the higher harmonics of domain transient frequency. These promising results open the way to use semiconductor superlattices as the efficient sub-THz/THz amplifiers.


During the winter of 1969-1970 when a rather intense stratospheric warming of the type restricted to the upper stratosphere occurred, we were fortunate in having a considerable number of rocketsonde observations throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, the Satellite Infrared Spectrometer (SIRS) on board Nimbus 3 yielded large amounts of radiation temperature data which, when combined with the above, enabled us to construct hemispheric synoptic analyses at the 10-, 5-, and 2-mb levels, for seven days during the warming event.

Employing these analyses along with the daily objective analyses from 1,000-30 mb, we computed certain of the major energy transformations for the troposphere and lower and middle stratosphere. It was found that the middle stratospheric warming event was of a direct baroclinic type, forced from below. Also, we noted that if the warming is to propagate into the lower stratosphere, it is necessary to reverse the normal eddy kinetic to eddy potential energy transfer in that region so that it operates in a direct baroclinic sense.


Dentine hypersensitivity is commonly found in patients with periodontal inflammation, typically caused by a disease process that has exposed the root surface. Use of toothpaste while tooth brushing has been proven to be effective in removing plaque as a major cause of inflammation. This study was performed to analyze the role of tooth brushing with toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride, and potassium nitrate in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity with periodontal inflammation. Experimental clinical trial data were compared between groups. Both groups showed decreased levels of sensitivity and inflammation. Compared with controls, patients in the treatment group showed a greater decrease in sensitivity.


Based on an analysis of various routes of the load transfer,the paper observes the stress state of each part of the link structure by changing the thickness of the host stay rod attachment and the partition board,then sums up their influence on the load transmission and their position in the joint structure,and proposes suggestions for designing the connected structure according to the result of the analysis.


The technique results and considerations in vasectomy are discussed. Vasectomy consists of uncoupling the duct leading from the testicle to the penis. 1-1 1/2 inches are cut out from the middle of the vas deferens. The risk is minimal as it is simple surgery and the procedure can be done either in the hospital or the doctors office by a genitourinary surgeon or a general surgeon. In 99 cases out of 100 the sperm to the urethra is stopped after 2-3 weeks. Rare canalization of the vas always occurs within the 1st 6 months after the operation if it is to occur. A mans coital performance remains unchanged; the only effect on a mans virility is psychological. In a 1967 study by Ferber Tietze and Lewit 72 out of 73 American vasectomized men said they would have the operation again. 3 felt less satisfied with their sex lives after the operation; each had a preoperative potency problem that was aggravated. Attempts to restore fertility have been successful 1/2 the time. Experimental laboratories are working on methods for temporary vasectomy.


There are numerous occasions on which we need to reason about a finite number of events. And we often need to consider only those events which are given or which we perceive. These give rise to the Criteria of Finiteness and Closedness. Allen's logic provides a way of reasoning about events. In this paper I examine Allen and Hayes' axiomatisation of this logic, and develop two other axiomatisations based on the work by Russell and Thomason. I shall show that these three axiomatisations are weakly equivalent, and that only the last two meet the Criteria of Finiteness and Closedness (to different degrees). I shall then examine two ways of constructing instants of time in a finite and closed world, i.e. the Russell construction and the Thomason construction. I shall prove that these two constructions are equivalent under certain conditions.


Bayesian networks (BNs) represent a probabilistic modeling tool with large potential for reliability engineering. While BNs have been successfully applied to reliability engineering, there are remaining issues, some of which are addressed in this work. Firstly a classification of BN elicitation approaches is proposed. Secondly two approximate inference approaches, one of which is based on discretization and the other one on sampling, are proposed. These approaches are applicable to hybrid/continuous BNs, which aim at estimating small (failure) probabilities. The proposed methods are applied to two larger examples as well as a number of small validation examples.


Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, but the breastfeeding rate in premature infants is low. We examined the effect of oral stimulation on infant's strength of suction and the relation between this intra‐oral vacuum and breastfeeding duration.


Amp C beta lactamases confer resistance to a wide variety of beta lactams and pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, as their presence goes undetected in the
presence of ESBLs. We evaluated 52 ESBL positive clinical isolates of E.coli (n=41) and K.pneumoniae (n=11) for AmpC production by a phenyl boronic acid disc (PBA) and the
3 dimensional enzyme test (3DET). The PBA method detected 24 (58.5%) and 9 (82%)E.coli and K.pneumoniae isolates as AmpC positive, while detection by the 3DET increased the numbers to 29 (70.7%) and 10 (91%) isolates, respectively. We conclude that a large number (75%) of ESBL producers are also found to produce AmpC and that the PBA disc method is a very useful and reliable method for routine use in
laboratories.


Abstract Background Disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing—the pandemic's most critical but limited resource—may be an important but modifiable driver of COVID-19 inequities. Methods We analyzed data from the Missouri State Department of Health and Senior Services on all COVID-19 tests conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions. We adapted a well-established tool for measuring inequity—the Lorenz curve—to compare COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case among Black and White populations. Results Between 14/3/2020 and 15/9/2020, 606 725 and 328 204 COVID-19 tests were conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively. Over time, Black individuals consistently had approximately half the rate of testing per case than White individuals. In the early period (14/3/2020 to 15/6/2020), zip codes in the lowest quartile of testing rates accounted for only 12.1% and 8.8% of all tests in the St Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively, even though they accounted for 25% of all cases in each region. These zip codes had higher proportions of residents who were Black, without insurance, and with lower median incomes. These disparities were reduced but still persisted during later phases of the pandemic (16/6/2020 to 15/9/2020). Last, even within the same zip code, Black residents had lower rates of tests per case than White residents. Conclusions Black populations had consistently lower COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case than White populations in 2 Missouri regions. Public health strategies should proactively focus on addressing equity gaps in COVID-19 testing to improve equity of the overall response.


The knowledge of organ literature devoted to native composers leaves much to be desired. If they even perform solo organ music at liturgy, contemporary church organists often reach for the works of grand European masters, forgetting about the Polish reservoir of sacral pieces. An old proverb "the grass is greener on the other side of the fence" is an accurate description of the state of knowledge of young (and the older) organists on Polish organ music. Why is therefore Polish sacral organ literature so important for the contemporary church musician? Most importantly because, in the Roman Catholic church liturgy, "compositions based on church songs shall (i.e. are) desirable". As early as in the 16th century, church song was used by the Polish composers as the melodic material for the organ pieces they composed. The first church compositions were created through adapting vocal pieces to the purposes of key music. Some of the most prominent examples include e.g. 16th-century Polish music monuments – John of Lublin Tabulator of 1540, The Saint Ghost Monastery Tabulator of 1548 and the Warsaw Music Society Tabulator from approx. 1580. The turn of the 18th and the 19th century in Europe and in Poland displays a secularization of organ music, influenced by the spread of the Naples school. Secular and opera elements influence church music, which gradually develops utilitarian properties. It is worth to remember that the Polish religious oeuvre is the contribution of Polish organists-virtuosos, often great improvisers, with extensive professional practice. The first creators of this literature were church organists, active on many a musical platform, composers, organizers of music life and university professors. This family of authors includes: Wladyslaw Żelenski, Stefan Surzynski, Mieczyslaw Surzynski, Feliks Nowowiejski, Walenty Dec, Wincenty Rychling, Kazimierz Garbusinski, Feliks Rączkowski, Jozef Furmanik, as well as the following priests: Gustaw Roguski, Jozef Surzynski, Franciszek Walczynski, Antoni Chlondowski, or Idzi Ogierman-Manski. Also contemporary organists, such as Marian Sawa, Tadeusz Machl, or Jan Janca have been composing in this spirit. The author of this publication attempts at presenting the Polish organ music oeuvre, to be applied in the Roman Catholic church liturgy. Performing a division into applied music (as presented in the 1st part of the article) and concert music, the artist is aware that "we cannot make a precise classification into applied music (both didactic and church music) and concert music, since applied pieces contain numerous elaborate forms with grand artistic ambitions, played both in church and in the concert room". Due to the specific character and sometimes not the top-notch artistic rank, organ music surely has as many advocates as it has opponents. Most of all, it will surely be found useful by church musicians who are less advanced in organ play and the art of improvisation, who seek support in the form of short, non-complex pieces applied in the post-council Roman Catholic liturgy.


Molecular oxygen is essential for the viability and function of every cell of the animal body. Because skin, tissues, and organs impede oxygen diffusion directly from the air, molecular oxygen concentrations inside the body often are less than 5% (1), much lower than the 21% in Earth's atmosphere. As multicellular organisms evolved, this steep oxygen gradient necessitated the development of structures such as the circulatory system and of biochemical mechanisms that monitor and control oxygen levels in the body. A major player in sensing potentially harmful drops in cellular oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) is the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1, and its close relative HIF-2, regulate many genes, including the erythropoietin (EPO) gene, which encodes a hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells (2, 3). One important milestone in uncovering HIF-1's pivotal role in oxygen sensing was its purification and biochemical characterization in the mid-1990s by the lab of Gregg Semenza (Fig. 1), a geneticist at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. This work was reported in two JBC papers recognized as Classics here (4, 5). "JBC was the first choice," says Semenza, referring to the publication of the first Classics article. "To me, that was a classic JBC paper." A few years before this work, Semenza's team had found that hypoxia induces the binding of a nuclear protein to a 50-nucleotide-long enhancer region located in the 3 -flanking region of the EPO gene (2, 3). Although the researchers could delineate the DNA region that is bound by the hypoxia-induced protein, the protein's identity was unknown, prompting Semenza to look for it. Semenza's team first had to cross some unexpectedly rough waters. "We used an expression cloning strategy," he says. The researchers expressed human proteins from cDNAs in bacteriophages and then used the HIF-binding oligonucleotide as a probe to find proteins binding to it. "We screened millions and millions of clones and got nothing." What went wrong? "We had initially performed experiments that suggested that there was a single subunit that could bind to the DNA fragment," says Semenza. As the later results of the two Classics papers revealed, HIF-1 is a heterodimeric protein (4, 5), a fact that probably hobbled the bacteriophage-based approach, since each phage clone typically contains only a single gene. Semenza and his team were undeterred. "We could give up and let someone else do it— but that did not sound like a good idea," says Semenza. The team changed tack, embarking on a biochemical purification. They grew HeLa cells in large-scale ( 100-liter) cultures, exposed them to hypoxia and cobalt chloride (which also induces HIF activity), prepared nuclear extracts from them, and purified HIF-1 via DNA-affinity chromatography with an oligonucleotide that contained the HIF-binding site. After isolating the HIF-1 proteins in a preparative gel-shift assay along with glycerol sedimentation, the authors could show that HIF-1 is composed of two subunits: a larger one of 120 kDa, called HIF-1 , and a smaller one of 91–94 kDa, called HIF-1 (4). The purification yielded enough protein of the two HIF-1 subunits for amino acid microsequencing that gave short protein sequences. The researchers used that sequence information in a cloning approach to identify and sequence full-length cDNAs of the HIF-1 subunits (6). The cDNA sequences showed that both HIF-1 subunits belong to a group of transcription factors containing a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif required for dimerization and DNA binding and a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain for protein– protein interactions. The HIF-1 sequence was identical to that of a previously identified protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a subunit of the dioxin receptor, which responds to dioxins and other toxic chemicals. However, the HIF-1 sequence was previously unknown and only partially similar to single-minded homolog (Sim), a transcription factor in Drosophila. The second Classics paper (5) helped define the regions in HIF-1 and HIF-1 required for dimerization of the two subunits, DNA binding, and activation of transcription of hypoxiainduced genes. What might now look like a series of straightforward steps of purifying and sequencing a protein was more an exercise in continual improvisation. "My lab was a molecular genetics laboratory," says Semenza. "We did not even own a fraction collector," required for protein purification. Luckily for Semenza, the lab of another Johns Hopkins researcher, Thomas Kelly, was just across the street. "Tom was one of the first people to purify a protein based on its binding to DNA," notes Semenza, giving his project a vital boost. "We could not have [isolated HIF-1] without the help from Tom Kelly's laboratory." JBC Associate Editor Ruma Banerjee at the University of Michigan nominated these papers as Classics. 1 Martin Spiering is the technical editor at JBC. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 2 The abbreviations used are: HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; PHD, prolyl-4hydroxylase domain. CLASSICS


A previous investigation has shown that at normal angle of incidence, the integral of the reflectance over wavelength is bounded for a flat metal backed absorber. The bound is applicable to any absorber made of linear, time-invariant, causal and passive materials. We generalize the physical bound to arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization. Different design examples and numerical calculations are provided to investigate the inequalities. It is shown that the theoretical limit for TE polarization results in fair approximations of the integral of the reflectance over wavelength but the TM polarization overestimates the integral value. A simple relation for estimating the optimal thickness of a nonmagnetic absorber is suggested for arbitrary angle of incidence.


EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF REGISTERED NURSES REGARDING THE SPREAD OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS Eunice W. Kamunge, MA Ed., MS Seton Hall University 2012 Background and Purpose of the Study: Nosocomial infections (Nls) are new localized or systemic infections that develop in patients receiving medical care in a hospital or other healthcare facilities. The infections are not incubating or present during apatient's admission into the healthcare facility and are identified at least forty-eight to seventy-two hours following the patient's admission. Episodes of Nls are recognized in hospitalized patients world-wide and are prevalent in all age groups. They are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites present in the air, surfaces or equipment and are often transmitted by indirect and direct contact. Some of the pathogens are resistant to antimicrobial agents. The burdens of Nls include prolonged duration of hospitalization for patients resulting in increased costs of healthcare and deaths. Implementation of safe patient care activities is the role of healthcare workers such as physicians, dental health care workers and nurses. Therefore these healthcare workers should be familiar with practices to prevent the occurrence and spread of Nls. It has been documented in the literature that at the time of their graduation from their professional education, healthcare professionals have sufficient knowledge to practice patient safety and infection control guidelines. However, the evidence suggests otherwise since healthcare workers including nurses are implicated in the


During the past thirty years, considerable progress has been made in passive infrared remote sensing of vertical temperature and moisture profiles.


In "That Evening Sun", William Faulkner deals with the condition of black people in Mississippi in the early twentieth-century focused upon a black woman`s terror. Faulkner makes a distinction between Quentin as an adult narrator and Quentin as a nine-year-old child because it took Quentin fifteen years to understand the events he had experienced. Quentin portrays disintegration of Nancy, a Negro washwoman who are terrified that her husband Jesus is going to kill her. Nancy cannot count on the help of the white family in her time of need as a slave woman might have had in the old days of the past. Nancy`s lament that she is a nigger and Jason`s reiteration of his whiteness shows Nancy`s problem is based on racial discrimination. At the end of this story, Nancy knows how she will be judged by the dominant white community and resigns to her fate telling she is a nigger. Consequently, this short story is a dark portrait of white Southerners` indifference to the fears of the blacks and represents the process of marginalizing blacks as the other, and shows the social condition of the Southern Negro after Emancipation Proclamation.


Objective] To evaluate the reliability and clinical practicability of the four testing methods, 280 strains of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus were detected and the positive rate of MRS were compared. [Methods] K-B disk diffusion method, Salt agar screening method, Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and PCR amplification of the mecA gene method. [Results] Oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus were 141 in using K-B disk diffusion method, positive rate was 50.36%; There were 135 in using Salt agar screening method, positive rate was 48.21%; There were 130 in using Agar diffusion method, positive rate was 46.43% and there were 98 in using PCR amplification of the mecA gene method, positive rate was 35%. There had no apparent difference among 3 phenotype detected methods and their positive rates were slightly higher than PCR amplification of the mecA gene method. [Conclusion] The PCR amplification of the mecA gene method is a reliable method for detection of MRS, but it is limited to facility、equipment、agent and cost, it is unfit for development in a common hospital Lab,While K-B disk diffusion method, Salt agar screening method, Agar diffusion method are appropriate methods for detection of MRS.


Local communities are adopting sustainable development goals as outlined in Agenda 21. The pressure-state-response model proposed by the OECD and adopted in Australia is extended with environmental sustainability and environmental health indicators to emphasise interaction between the bio-physical and socio-economic sub-systems. Indicators are selected with the participation of local residents to monitor sensitive local environmental concerns, to motivate change and to provide benchmarks for comparison with other areas. Partnerships are proposed to use established programmes to provide much of the data required.


Two forms theorems of Schwarz lemma are proved by a simplified method,not by the conception of hyperbola distance,and the condusions are also generarized.


By installing a damping foam material throughout the space into the space between the first support surface and a second support surface, to reduce noise resistance and vibration resistance associated with the hollow space or cavity of the vehicle useful assembly, method and system to. The damping foam material is composed of first and second regions, said first region is lower than 'the value E at -10 ° C. in the second region' E at -10 ° C. values, and 25 ° C. higher than E 'value E at 25 ° C. in the second region' value, the second region is cross-sectional width varies.


Abstract  We present a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type arising from the prostatic duct in a 72‐year‐old Japanese man. The patient presented with macroscopic hematuria. Cystourethroscopy exibited a mucus deposit at the 5 o'clock position of the verumontanum portion. A transurethral biopsy specimen revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma. A radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed. In the prostatectomy specimen, the cancer lesion mainly showed intraductal growth in the prostatic ducts with scattered mucin lakes in the prostatic stroma. There were no abnormalities in the urethral epithelium. The cancer cells resembled the intestinal epithelium rather than either the prostatic duct or the acinar epithelium, which showed diffusely positive immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, but showed negative staining for prostate‐specific antigen. Therefore, these findings suggest mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type arising from the prostatic duct. A number of cases with mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the prostatic urethra resembling the present case have been reported, but this is the first known case of carcinoma arising from the prostatic duct.


Two VLSI special-purpose hardware implementations of an associative memory model are described: a pure digital and a mixed analog/digital architecture. Both architectures can be easily extended to large scale memories with several million storage elements. The advantages and disadvantages of both architectures are pointed out. The memory concept is based on a simple matrix structure with nxm binaq elements, the connections, and on distributed storage of information like artificial neural networks. There is no asynchronous feedback and the inputs and outputs are binau, too. Though the system concept is very simple, it has an asymptotic storage capacity of 0.69-m.n bits and the number of patterns that can be stored with low error probability is much larger columns (artificial neurons). The applications is that the input have to be sparsely coded. than the number of important aspect for and output patterns


This paper proposes an improved version of lifting-based Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The modifications are made to the lifting scheme, and the intermediate results are recombined and stored to reduce the number of pipelining stages. As a result, the number of registers can be reduced to 18 without extending the critical path. In addition, the two-input/two-output parallel scanning architecture is adopted in our design. For a 2-D DWT with the size of N × N, the proposed architecture only requires three registers between the row and column filters as the transposing buffer, and a higher efficiency can be achieved.


Cardiotocography (CTG) monitoring is a primary tool to assess the health of the fetus. It is widely used to identify the risk of fetal distress. With the outbreak of big data and artificial intelligence, the use of machine learning to assist obstetricians in CTG interpretation is important to improve diagnostic accuracy and save medical resources. However, imbalanced CTG data brings great challenges to machine learning in intelligent multi-classification. Therefore, we propose a stacked model based on Extreme-Gradient Boosting and Random Forest (XGB-RF) feature selection. Firstly, we use the XGB-RF feature selection method to extract the CTG features of significant influence. Then, we implement the fusion idea of stacking to construct the intelligent model that has a strong anti-interference ability under unbalanced CTG data with selected diverse classifiers. The experimental results showed that compared with existing CTG classification models in the public CTG dataset, the proposed model has further improved the performance and reduced the misjudgment between different classes. According to the results, the accuracy is 96.08%, the F1 score is 93.36%, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.9883. This indicates that the proposed techniques have a great clinical significance in fetal health monitoring.


Higher technical education is an important part of the higher education system in Taiwan. With the development of economy and technology, the personnel training system with the reasonable structure and the various level has been formed. So understanding the situation of development and characteristics of higher technical education in Taiwan has certain referential meanings to promote the innovation of higher technical education system in Mainland.


This paper investigates the voltage harmonics of dual-armature flux-switching permanent magnet (DA-FSPM) machines under load condition, with particular emphasis on the influence of stator and rotor armature reactions. Firstly, the mechanisms of the generation of even and fractional order coil voltage harmonics are investigated. It reveals that the alternate-SP-wound winding, alternate-RT-wound winding, stator winding distribution factor smaller than 1, and rotor winding distribution factor smaller than 1 cause asymmetrical armature reaction flux distributions in the DA-FSPM machines, thus additional harmonics are generated in the stator and rotor coil voltages under load condition. Furthermore, the elimination of even and fractional order harmonics in phase voltages are realized by means of selecting proper numbers of SP and RT and changing the stator and rotor coil connections. It shows that the torque ripple of the machines are reduced thanks to the reduction of voltage harmonics.


INTRODUCTION The Wind River Coal Basin of central Wyoming includes portions of Fremont and Natrona counties as well as a major part of the southeastern corner of the Wind River Indian Reservation (Figure 1). This coal-bearing area, which is areally the fourth largest in the State, coincides with the topographic and structural basin of the same name as defined, however, the coal basin is limited to that portion of the Wind River Basin underlain by Mesaverde or younger rocks. This definition was chosen because the Mesaverde Formation is the oldest important coal-bearing formation in the basin. Based on early reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, Berryhill, et. al. (1950) described five coal fields within the basin: the Muddy Creek, Pilot Butte, Hudson, Alkali Butte, and Powder River fields. Since Berryhill, et al.'s (1950) report, Thompson and White (1952) identified two additional coal fields: the Beaver Creek and Big Sand Draw fields. The exact boundaries of these seven fields were not defined, and coal beds were not correlated between them. Areas barren of coal mining served to roughly delimit one field from another. To aid in their description, Glass (1976~ assigned the first preliminary boundaries to these coal fields. Also, the Powder River Field was renamed the Arminto Field to avoid confusion with the Powder River Field in the Powder River Basin. This report revises Glass' (1976) field boundaries, but retains the Arminto change. The major difference between the boundaries is that the Beaver Creek Coal Field now includes most of the central and northern portions of the Wind River Basin, which were formerly assigned to the Pilot Butte and Alkali Butte fields (Figure 2). Counterclockwise from the northwestern corner of the basin, the seven fields are: Muddy Creek, Pilot Butte, Hudson (Lander), Beaver Creek, Big Sand Draw, Alkali Butte, and Arminto (Powder River). Structurally, these seven fields lie on the flanks of or


The Pena Colorada iron skarn is located in the southern part of the Guerrero terrane. It contains 150 million metric tons (Mt) with a grade of 36 percent magnetite. The deposit occurs at the contact of a 68 Ma equigranular diorite with mid-Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Tepalcatepec Formation. Volcanic units within this formation have tholeiitic affinity and REE patterns that are compatible with a primitive arc setting. The Pena Colorada diorite and associated voluminous aplitic phases are part of a Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline continental arc that subsequently intruded this basin. Northeast-vergent deformation affected the region in the Late Cretaceous. North-south and east-west reverse, and northwest and northeast strike-slip faults localize the mineralization. The alteration halo around the diorite intrusion is 500 m wide. Within an inner 200-m halo, the volcano-sedimentary section was affected by an early metamorphic event, with discontinuous bands of pyroxene (Di 68 Hd 29 Jo 3 ) hornfels and garnet (Gr 61 Am 36 Ad 3 ) disseminations. Metasomatic pyroxene, garnet, and plagioclase cut the early metamorphic event preferentially replacing carbonate and volcanic units up to and including a 35-m-thick marl located 200 m above the intrusion. Metasomatic pyroxene and garnet have average compositions of Di 77 Hd 21 Jo 2 and Ad 76 Gr 20 Am 2 Sp 1 Py 1 , respectively. Pyroxene compositions reach Di 94 Hd 5 Jo 1 , whereas garnet exhibits intragrain compositional zoning from Ad 49 Gr 46 in the core to Ad 100 Gr 0 in the rim. Albitization of preexisting protoliths modified igneous plagioclase compositions from Ab 67 An 32 Or 1 up to Ab 96 An 3 Or 1 . Albitization is followed by abundant fracture-controlled Fe-epidote and Cl-bearing chlorite (Cha 84 Cli 14 Pen 2 ) that extend from the marl unit outward some 300 m. This association is cut by a later assemblage of epidote-chlorite-prehnite that affects the entire 500-m width of the alteration halo and part of the intrusion. Chlorite (Cha 54 Cli 45 Pen 1 ) from this later event is richer in Mg than that from the previous association. Igneous hornblende in the intrusion is altered to actinolite. A potassic alteration event related to a hydrothermal breccia and aplitic dikes overprints the pre-existing calc-silicate associations. Alteration minerals in the breccia and the 200-m potassic halo around it, evolve from early K feldspar-(biotite)-quartz, to late jasperoid-fluorapatite-calcite veins. Mg-rich biotite (Phl 77 Ann 23 ) and REE-rich apatite contain F/Cl/OH ratios of 1/0/3 and 1/0/0, respectively. Massive magnetite (36‰)-specular hematite (7‰)-sulfide ( O, C, S, and H stable isotope determinations on minerals from the calc-silicate association are consistent with an igneous source for the initial fluids, which mixed outward with an increasing component of trapped seawater or evaporite. However, water in equilibrium with magnetite exhibits unusually enriched δ 18 O values relative to other coexisting mineral-derived fluids. A solution that equilibrated with limestone at relatively high temperature is required to explain these heavy values.


Objective To investigate the early clinical effects and related radiological modifications of the Dynesys system,also called the dynamic neutralization system,for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.Methods From January 2010 to February 2012,17 patients who were definitely diagnosed as mono-level lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis were treated with posterior laminectomy and Dynesys dynamic internal fixation system in our department.There were 6 males and 11 females,whose average age was 61.3 years old(range;53-72 years).The segmental distribution was stated as follows.There were 3 cases in L_(3/4),10 cases in L_(4/5) and 4 cases in L_5/S_1.The clinical effects were evaluated using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and oswestry disability index(ODI).The height ratio of the intervertebral space and the range of intervertebral motion were measured based on X-rays preoperatively and in the follow-up.Results All the operations were performed successfully,and no severe perioperative complications occurred.During the follow-up,the failure of internal fixation was not found.The average follow-up time was 15.4 months(range;12-22 months).VAS scores of back pain:5.9±2.7 preoperatively,1.8±1.2last follow-up;VAS scores of leg pain:3.1±2.4 preoperatively and 1.2±0.9 last follow-up.ODI index:(39.4±17.3)%preoperatively and(14.8±11.2)%last follow-up.There were statistically significant differences in the ODI and VAS scores in the latest follow-up and preoperatively(P0.01).Height ratio:2.5±1.2 preoperatively and 2.8±1.4last follow-up.No statistically significant differences were found in the height ratio of the intervertebral space in the follow-up and preoperatively(P0.05).Range of intervertebral motion:(4.6±1.5) ° preoperatively and(1.8±1.1) °last follow-up.There were statistically significant differences between them(P0.05).Conclusions Dynesys dynamic internal fixation system is a therapy option for mild lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with satisfactory early clinical effects.


Decision method for long-term coefficient used for coiling temperature control(CTC) model were studied by case-based reasoning(CBR) technology which experience and knowledge can be effectively reused based on mass production data.In the course of the study,firstly a lot of case consisted of typical laminar flow cooling conditions and self-learning coefficient adopted by CTC model were constructed,secondly case retrieval was done with the absolute and/or relative methods of filtering,then self-leaning coefficient belong to related case can be directly reused or modified according to the similarity between current conditions and historical case conditions,finally the new self-leaning coefficient was adopted into CTC model.Application show that this method can effectively avoid strip head end much more lower temperature than strip body,and can significantly improve the precision of coiling temperature control for strip head end,especially when rolling conditions or specifications changed.


A simple analytic approach to the dynamics of a magnetically disordered system of classical interacting spins is developed. A transformation in spin space is applied to the system in which the spin field S(r,t) is constant and the equation of the motion for the orientation angles Theta (r,t) and Phi (r,t) of this field is derived. This non-linear equation is linearised and the appropriate damping term reflecting the interaction between modes due to nonlinearity is introduced. The solution is in the form of a propagating mode which switches continuously into a diffusive mode as the wavevector diminishes. The equations obtained are interpreted in terms of the Langevin equation for the random motion. Additionally, the similarities with and the differences between the theory of the spin waves in ordered phase and the hydrodynamical approach are briefly discussed.


This paper introduces the methods,standards and work flow of technology readiness assessment.Then we distinguish software CTE from an electronic flight instrument system,and assess its technology readiness.


In view of the deficiency that the assessment procedures of specialists′ scoring method extensively applied to the current assessment of bridge structures in China after earthquake event are fuzzy and the personal errors of the assessment results are great,a new method for rapid assessment of safety of the reinforced concrete(RC) beam bridges after the earthquake event is proposed.On the basis of analysis of the commonly-seen earthquake damages to the bridges,the method gives the quantitative and qualitative judgment criteria for the damage degrees of components of the bridges.In the practical assessment,the analytical hierarchy process is firstly used to determine the weight of influence of various components on the safety of the whole structure,the fuzzy mathematics is then used to analyze the a~d level membership degrees of each component to acquire the rating matrices of the component and finally the weight vector of the components is multiplied by the rating matrices and the comprehensive fuzzy assessment is made to acquire the assessment results of safety rating of the whole structure.The practical calculation examples prove that the method herewith is simple,feasible,the hierarchy process is cl ear and the assessment results are rational.


The aim of this study was to examine the goals, outcomes, and skills attained by graduate students participating in a clinical experience paired with a course on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

 Twenty-four graduate student clinicians (23 females, 1 male) participated in the experience. Students provided services within social communication groups for children with ASD. Students were assigned 1 of 4 primary service-roles: communication partner, parent educator, lesson planner, and support staff. All student clinicians completed pre- and posttest assessments regarding their goals and desired outcomes. Students also rated the value and importance of clinical skills and integrating classroom content with clinical experiences.

 Students' ratings of the value and confidence of the clinical skills queried did not change from pre- to posttest. However, significant differences emerged between students' value and confidence ratings within the pre- and posttest time points. Students achieved the majority of the goals and desired outcomes for learning more about ASD and gaining clinical and treatment skills by the end of the experience. All students rated the importance of integrating clinical and classroom experience highly at both pre- and posttest.

 Clinical experiences that infuse and reinforce classroom material support students' goal attainment and clinical skill development. Further research exploring graduate students' perspectives on training programs such as the one described in this study is warranted.


Some methods and experiences used and obtained for sintering production development and technical reforming in several stages at Anyang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. are introduced.


A four-order hybrid sliding mode observer of SPMSM (surface permanent magnet synchronous motor) was presented, of which the state variables were current and flux. The error between real and observed current was selected as sliding hyperplane, and the equal control signal multiplied by feedback matrix was inputted to flux observation equation. The flux transient response in time domain was established when the sliding mode occurs, and the flux observation error converged to zero. The influence of speed estimation error to flux observation was analyzed including amplitude and phase, and feedback matrix was calculated based on the analysis. The position and speed were calculated through tracking method with the observed flux. Simulation and experimental results show that the flux can be observed accurately, and the charting phenomenon is suppressed effectively. The estimation method of position and speed has good dynamic and static performances.


Context-Certain compounds found by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in urine samples of children with autism might be produced by yeast in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, treatment with antifungal drugs might reduce clinical symptoms of autism. Objective-To determine if symptoms of autism and chemical compounds in urine samples of children with autism decreased after antifungal treatment. Design-A number of urinary organic acids first characterized as elevated in 2 brothers with autism were tested in urine samples of 23 children with autism (21 boys and 2 girls) before and after treatment with the antifungal drug nystatin. Patients-Twenty-one boys and 2 girls with a mean age of 7.1 years with diagnosis of autism. Twenty boys and 17 girls with a mean age of 7.7 years, who were normal children of hospital employees, served as controls for urine testing. Interventions-Children with abnormal baseline organic acid results received oral nystatin suspension at a dose of 100,000 units 4 times a day for 10 days. If abnormalities were still present after 10 days, an additional 60 days of antifungal treatment were offered. An additional urine organic acid test was then performed. Results-The mean childhood autism rating scale, an indicator of the severity of autism, improved significantly after antifungal treatment based on the paired t test (P=.037). Seven of the urine markers were significantly higher in autistic males than in the control males. The concentration of several of the urine markers of autistic children decreased after antifungal treatment. Conclusions-Antifungal drug therapy may be a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of autism. Organic acid testing appears to be a useful diagnostic test to indicate an overgrowth of yeast and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of children with autism and to predict the response of antifungal drug therapy, and may indicate relapse following the cessation of antifungal drug therapy. (Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine 1(1): 15-26, 2000)


The publication of the epic poem by Joaquin de Virues "El Cerco de Zamora" (1832) is one step in Virues' controverses against the Spanish "ilustrados". The poem was preceded by a "Discurso critico-apologetico" in wich Virues disagrees with the opinion of the "ilustrados" about poetry: he rejects the treatises on poetics, the imitation and the classic stereotypes; defends natural poetry and refuses the existence of a specific poetic language; and attacks the Academy and the neoclassic poets. Virues' positions close to Romanticism shows that the literary debate of the 1820's and 1830's is more complex than is usually thought.


The contemporary world economy – here referred to as a knowledge economy – is characterized by the ascendance of knowledge as a major factor of production and renewal. This evolution is accompanied by an increased mobility and liquidity of capital and associated regulatory and liberalization reforms of large dynamic international economic sectors such as finance, advanced business services and information industries. Recent technical advances and institutional innovations in transport and communications are not only reducing time distances and eroding the barrier of borders, but are also at the heart of the evolution of the world economy into a knowledgerich global production system. We can observe the emergence of a new international division of labour, which takes shape through the formation of a global system of metropolitan and large urban regions, where each urban agglomeration offers expertise in various functions and activities and plays specific roles in the globalization process (Sassen, 2006). These cities are increasingly becoming dominating as (i) centres of political power, international trade, and the banking and financial system, (ii) centres that specialize in the creation, appropriation and dissemination of knowledge and innovations, (iii) centres where information is concentrated and transmitted through the media sector, and (iv) centres of creativity where the arts, culture and leisure activities are developed and consumed. They are today the main strategic hubs in the world economy as drivers of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurial activities, and, as a result, are the dominant engines of economic growth. The global knowledge economy that has emerged in recent decades is not only characterized by rapidly increasing investments in education, and in particular higher education, software and R&D; it is also characterized


The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate(VAc) in the presence and absence of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) as emulsifier was carried out using a dilatometer. Both the potassium persulfate(KPS)–l-ascorbic acid(AsA) system and the hydrogen peroxide(HPO)–AsA system were used as initiators. The polymerization initiated by the KPS–AsA system proceeded smoothly even without PVA, and the polymer latex obtained was extremely stable. On the other hand, when the HPO–AsA system was used as the initiator of polymerization, because the polymer particles produced in the absence of PVA settle out as a precipitate, a stable polymer latex was not formed without using PVA. The maximum rate of polymerization initiated at 20°C by the KPS–AsA system was independent of the PVA concentration, but that initiated at 20°C by the HPO–AsA system was proportional to 0.22 power of the PVA concentration. On the basis of these results, the effects of types of various initiators on the emulsion polymerization of VAc were discussed.


Quantifying the capability to repeat measurements of a signal or repeatability analysis is essential in geophysics and particularly for 4D seismic studies. Traditionally, it relies on statistical measurements like correlation coefficients and NRMS. We introduce two new repeatability indicators called "Quality" and "Anomaly" which allow the identification and quantification of inconsistencies inside a large amount of data. These indicators can also be used for AVO studies or after a seismic inversion to evaluate the match between the synthetic response of the inverted model and the observed seismic amplitudes. For prestack and 4D seismic inversion, the amount of data to analyze is significant. These indicators provide data reduction and quantify the ability of a given elastic model to reproduce seismic data. They are therefore useful to find the optimal parameterization of the inversion and to identify areas where further analysis and interpretation is needed. It is also used for qualifying different processing options for inversion purpose.


This study evaluated the rutting potential of two types of asphalt binders namely the neat binder and SBS modified binder by respectively using the oscillation-based parameter G*/sin δ and the oscillation-based nonrecoverable stiffness parameter G*/(1–(1/tanδsinδ)) as well as the MSCR-based nonrecoverable compliance Jnr. Both original and short-term aged asphalt binders were tested in this evaluation. Test results indicates that the parameter G*/(1–(1/tanδsinδ)) exhibits a stronger correlation with the parameter Nonrecoverable Compliance Jnr than that of parameter G*/sin δ which means the parameter G*/(1–(1/tanδsinδ)) can capture well the nonrecoverable response and should be a better choice than G*/sin δ when using the oscillation test to evaluate the rutting potential of asphalt binder.


s Objective: To identify neural correlates for the recognition of familiar verbal voices by measuring regional blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods:Thirteen Chinese health male subjects (mean age 26.1 years, SD= 2.9years) participated in the study. All subjects were right-handed and Han nationality. The subjects listened to familiar (subjects' friends) and unfamiliar voices when functional scanning. Functional data were acquired using a 1.5T MRI (GE Systems, USA), and were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping 99 (SPM99). A fixed-effects model was employed to assess the difference in BOLD response between 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity' conditions (P0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, extent threshold more than 10 voxels). The behavioral results were recorded by Presentation software. Furthermore, we correlated an estimate of the magnitude of the BOLD response with performance on behavior task cross subjects.Results: The posterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, right medial temporal gyrus and right medial prefrontal gyrus were more activated by familiar task than unfamiliar task. The mean reaction time to familiar voices correlated positively with the activation degree of thalamus when subjects' recognising familiar voice. Conclusions: The posterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, right medial temporal gyrus and right medial prefrontal gyrus play very important roles in recognition of familiar verbal voices.


Food insecurity is major public health issues related to nutrition. Addition of health associated with socialeconomic damaging status. This study aimed to determine Prevalence of Food insecurity in Iranian Women: A Study in Zahedan (Southwest of Iran). In this cross sectional study has been done on 1250 women at 15 to 50 in 2014 in Zahedan were examined by multistage sampling. Data collect by questionnaires Food security was measured at the household level. A locally-adapted HFIAS developed by USAID's Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) project was used in measuring food security in each household. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square tests in Spss 16 software. The mean age of studying women were 28.19 6.71. Based on the results, 7/63% of the subjects in terms of food security was safe, 17.8% experienced food insecurity without hunger, and 12.1% reported food insecure with moderate hunger with and 4.6% of subjects experienced Food insecure with severe hunger. According to increasing food insecurity especially women and its influences in health, psychological, social and economic status in society, planning through measures to improve the economic situation and household dietary patterns of household is necessary.


Aim. Study the prevalence of diarrhea-genic E. coli of the enteroaggregative group in children with intestine dysbiosis. Materials and methods. PCR method was used to study virulence factors in 511 strains of E. coli isolated during bacteriologic study of feces samples from 393 children aged less than 2 years. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by disc-diffusion method, results interpretation - according to clinical recommendations Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial preparations, 2015. Results. 23 enteroaggregative E. coli strains were identified (EAggEC). All the strains had aaf gene coding aggregative-adhesion fimbriae and 4 other genes (aggR, ast, aap, aatA) in various combinations coding virulence factors EAggEC. 19 strains (87%) were not sensitive to antimicrobial preparations. Resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins was determined by the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of CTX-M genetic family and AmpC cephalosporinase. Conclusion. Results of the study have shown that 6% of children with intestine dysbiosis are EAggEC carriers, that gives evidence on the necessity of detection of EAggEC strains - a novel group of diarrhea-genic E. coli not only in patients with diarrhea syndrome, but also using intestine dysbiosis.


A key question facing regulators is how to create an economic environment that encourages appropriate investment and innovation. In this paper we analyse the importance of technological change for both competition and regulation with a particular focus on the regulation of telecommunications and the internet. We recommend that dynamic efficiency should be used as the appropriate benchmark for judging the effectiveness of different regulatory approaches. Contrary to conventional wisdom we find that incentive regulation such as price caps is not particularly good at promoting dynamic efficiency. Neither is traditional cost-of-service regulation. As an alternative we suggested that antitrust judiciously applied is likely to be better at promoting dynamic efficiency.


It was presented some attempt for proving of new therapeutic method of pain syndrome of osteochondro-sis. The comarising of farmtherapy and tract-method with psychotherapy methods was investigated too. 150 patients take participation at the investigation with divided in 3 groups (50 patients for every group). The much criteria for election of patients was ain-anamnes and different standard of therapy. The affections of such ther-apy was based on special chaotic analysis of human body parameters (as pain or vertebroneurological param-eters). It was proved the result of such complex theory with comparing of other famous methods.


In this paper, we investigates the basis of the theological aesthetics and the Bible as the standard of human value standards on the basis of this theological aesthetics. In another approach, unique designs of plants and animals were described in terms of aesthetics. These descriptions were then employed to design and create things, recognised for their beauty as well as practicable applications. From this point of view, we can deduce the relevance of God, the created world, and theological aesthetics. We review the implications of human engineering and the art of convergence and engineering theology. We discussed why the need for a tool of theological aesthetics in convergence engineering is important. We will need more discussion in terms of technological progress in which theological aesthetics is embodied in order to develop more healthy, moral and ethical convergent engineering skills in our society and to provide a better and healthier life for mankind.


The invention discloses an Ag-base alloy lead wire for semiconductor packaging, which has the advantages of high reliability and low manufacturing cost. The Ag-base alloy lead wire comprises 0.05-5 wt% of at least one of first addition components selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), aurum (Au) and nickel (Ni).


PURPOSE: To surely seal and protect a cable connection part, by providing a double wall over a side wall part of a closed body. CONSTITUTION: Many of side wall parts of a casing of a connection closed body are of double wall structure having inner walls 54 and outer walls 55, and a recess, i.e., a space 56 for insulation is provided therebetween. The recess 56 insulates the inside of the closed body from rapid change in the ambient temperature, and protects rapid change in temperature of the connection part from weather condition that caused the change. A bottom part of the casing includes a discharge port area 61, and water inside the closed body is discharged outside through the discharge port 61. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


When the scale parmeter θ lies in a bounded interval,a sufficient condition is described in the present paper,under which the minimax estimator of h(θ) exists.Sufficient conditions are derived which ensure that a two-point priori is least favorable priori.It is shown that Bayes estimator with respect to this priori is minimax estimator.


. A method of analyzing the pumping and recovery phases of large diameter wells based on a Kernel function method is presented. Consideration is given to the effect of the seepage face, which is the difference between the well-water level and the aquifer level on the well face. A computer program for the Kernel function method written in BASIC, is provided. In the analysis of a representative field test, the importance of including the seepage face is demonstrated; if the seepage face is ignored, both the transmissivity and storage coefficient are underestimated.


A vast body of literature shows that social networks/contacts can overcome information problems in labor markets and help jobseekers. However, only a few studies investigate the role of social networks (employee referrals) from the complementary perspective of organizations. In a first step, we give an overview of the current status of research and focus on studies that take into account recruitment activities of a single organization. Such studies (based on a whole applicant pool) have the advantage that information about organizational characteristics as well as about all successful and non-successful applicants are available on each stage in the recruitment process. In a second step, we present an empirical study referring to the applicant pool (between February and April 2007, N=477) of a German company in the textile sector (with online distribution of products). Multivariate analyses show that, controlling for human capital, employee referrals pay off at the single stages in the recruitment process ('better match' with regard to the 'transmission of the application to a specialty department', the 'job-interview stage', and the 'job-offer stage'). Our study also points to specific potentials of single-organization studies such as determining the location of (unintended) discrimination.


Wireless Localization based on Received Signal Strength Indication (WL-RSSI) consists of predicting the localization of a particular device given the radio signals it receives. WL-RSSI methods are suitable for specific scenarios where Global Positioning System (GPS) is unstable or unavailable, such as indoor localization. Developing more efficient WL-RSSI methods is necessary to supplement GPS localization in such applications. Feedforward neural network trained by hybrid Particle swarm optimization and Gravitational search algorithm (FPG) is an optimization strategy that aims at better exploring the network weight-space when compared to methods such as Backpropagation (BP). Feedforward neural network trained by hybrid Particle swarm optimization and Gravitational search algorithm (FPG) is a kind of machine learning model with better exploring ability in the solution search space compared with conventional neural network training methods such as Backpropagation (BP). This article investigates a method to solve the slow convergence problem of conventional FPG and further improve its performance. Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs) are used to pre-train initial particles of the FPG (EP-FPG). This article also presents the application of EP-FPG to classification and regression WL-RSSI problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed EP-FPG performs better on WL-RSSI problems than conventional FPG and BP.


Recently, many feature extraction methods for histopathology images have been reported for automatic quantitative analysis. One of the severe brain tumors is the Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and histopathology tissue images can provide unique insights into identifying and grading disease stages. However, the number of tissue samples to be examined is enormous, and is a burden to pathologists because of tedious manual evaluation traditionally required for efficient evaluation. In this study, we consider feature extraction and disease stage classification for brain tumor histopathology images using automatic image analysis methods. In particular, we utilized an automatic feature extraction and labeling for histopathology imagery data given by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and checked the classification accuracy of disease stages in GBM tissue images using deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Experimental results indicate promise in automatic disease stage classification and high level of accuracy were obtained for tested image data.


As a part of the short-period variability survey (SPVS) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of Cyg OB3 association centered on the open cluster NGC 6871. The observations were performed for 18 nights from September 5, 2008 to September 1, 2009. We found 15 short-period variable stars in the region. They are Scuti type stars belonging to the local spiral arm, Orion spur. Among them, only two stars were previously known, and the rest are newly discovered ones. In this paper, we have performed a multiple-frequency analysis to determine frequencies of the 15 Scuti type stars, using the discrete Fourier transform and linear least-square fitting methods. One of the newly discovered variable stars is a double-mode Scuti type star with the fundamental and the first overtone modes, and two are high amplitude Scuti stars.


This paper used an investor trading data on KOSPI market to measure the market stability based on the connections among nine investors group. The connections with the direction and strength are estimated by Variance Decomposition. Information source is defined that investors with more information flows than others in investor network. We assume that information flows in the network through information-sharing process among different investor groups. This study found that an individual investors with larger trading volume engage in destabilization regardless of market status. Especially, we reveal that individual investors and listed foreign investors was source of the financial crisis. Our findings suggest that an amount of information flows among heterogeneous investors play a detrimental role on the financial stability.


Objective To explore the biomechanical mechanism of adjacent segment degeneration after cervical spine fusion and instrumentation. Methods Five adult cervical spine specimens of cadaver (C2-T1) were tested. Specimens were stabilized at T1 and loaded at C2. The stress of intervertebral disk and intervertebral joint at C3~4 and C6~7 of all groups were measured during flexion and extension. Results The stiffer cervical spines were fixed,the more stress of intervertebral disk and intervertebral joint in adjacent segment increased,The stress at group of D were larger than group of C,and the stress at group of C were larger than group of B,and The stress at group of B were larger than group of A. comparing with group of A,the stress at group of C and D increased significantly. They had significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion The stress of intervertebral disk and intervertebral joint in adjacent segment increased after cervical spine fusion and instrumentation. The increased stress are higher with stiffer instrumentation and at upper level than inferior level.


There is compelling evidence to implicate dopamine in the etiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Administration of amphetamine (Ellinwood, 1967) phenmetrazine and L dopa produces obsessive symptoms. Furthermore, a recent study indicated in Tourette's syndrome patients, fluvoxamine worsened tics, coprolalia and OCD but the addition of pimozide improved both OCD and tics (McDougle et al., 1990). Patients with tic spectrum disorder and premorbid schizoid personality responded to this drug. Pimozide alone improved tics and not OCD (Delgado et al., 1990). These findings indicate that a hyperdopaminergic state as well as serotonin mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis in OCD.


Day by day the internet is becoming an essential part of everyone's life. In India from 2015 – 2020, there is an increase in internet users by 400 million users. As technology and innovation are increasing rapidly. Security is a key point to keep things in order. Security and privacy are the biggest concern in the world let it is in any field or domain. There is no big difference in cyber security; the security is the biggest concern worrying about attacks which could happen anytime. So, in this paper, we are going to talk about honeypot comprehensively. The aim is to track hacker to analyze and understand hacker/attacker behavior to create a secure system which is sustainable and efficient.


The Colombian National Navy is an institution open to innovation and development, especially when the projects come from the men who make and which result in efficiency of the various processes that take place in it. Therefore this paper, framed in corporate social responsibility seeks to make visible the work of those Marines for medical situations and conflict are trained to be assigned to specific areas such as the fiberglass, with whom not only is maintained in good condition river units but with those developed in the Fluvial Battalion IM No Magangue 17 - Bolivar, the device called "collector vanilla", seeking to improve the time spent on the exercises with rifles develop in the polygon of different military units avoid accidents cartridges to be ejected from the gun fall in other shooters, maximize control ammunition to prevent loss of the same and facilitate as important as military training activity.


Early studies of moral judgement described young children's thought as undifferentiated and oriented toward external features of transgressions. However, more recent evidence suggests that young children distinguish between domains of social transgression and justify moral judgements with reference to the transgression itself, rather than to external features such as rules, authority directives, or sanctions. The present study hypothesized a possible explanation for this discrepancy: that undifferentiated reasoning occurs with the use of unfamiliar stimulus events or stimulus events not clearly differentiated with respect to social domain. Sixty-one 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds were interviewed about four types of social transgression: familiar moral, unfamiliar moral, familiar conventional, and unfamiliar conventional. Assessments were made of several dimensions of judgement hypothesized to be criterial for the differentiation of social domains; responses were also analysed for types of justification used. For familiar stimuli all age groups showed a differentiated understanding of moral and conventional issues, both in judgement and in justification. Younger subjects showed less differentiation in judgement than older subjects when stimuli were unfamiliar. Age differences were also found in the types of justification given, both for familiar and for unfamiliar moral issues. The findings indicate that stimulus familiarity is a more significant factor in the moral reasoning of younger than of older children.


Solidarity between the Member States of the EU is mostly called upon during times of crisis, as also now during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this article, the definition and importance of solidarity is studied with a focus on the internal market. It appears that solidarity does not have one unequivocal meaning, but that its importance and value depend per EU policy area. Yet, it is noteworthy that elements of reciprocity and altruism lie at the core of the value. In the context of the internal market, the principle is not referred to in the specific Treaty provisions on the fundamental freedoms. However, solidarity and the idea behind it can be enforced through the principle of loyalty within the meaning of Article 4(3) TEU. The reaction of the Union and the Member States to the Covid-19 outbreak illustrates how solidarity is reflected during crises. Studying the recent actions seems to confirm the conclusion that solidarity within the single market is rather a political aspiration, that is not legally binding or enforceable by itself. However, one could argue that this requires change, since it follows from the current pandemic that solidarity is crucial for the resilience of the internal market in times of crisis. The principle of loyalty can indeed play an instrumental role here and can be used to enforce the objectives of solidarity. © 2021. The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


THE ANALYSIS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AT COMMUNITY LEVEL TO ACHIEVE FOOD DIVERSIFICATION As a country with large population, having food-self-sufficiency-based-food security is very important. One of the strategies to be secured in food-self-sufficiency-based-food is through achieving food consumption diversification. This paper was aimed to analyze recent food consumption pattern in Indonesia with respect to food consumption diversification. Source of the data was National Household Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) year 2005-2009 obtained from the Food Security Council, Ministry of Agriculture. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive method and presented i n tables. Results of the analyses showed that: 1) Community's welfare in Indonesia is improving, showed by reducing proportion of food expenditure; 2) Protein consumption among Indonesian people exceeds Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein, while energy consumption is still below RDA for energy; and 3) The diversity of food consumption pattern among Indonesian people is improving, showed by increasing Dietary Diversity Score (Pola Pangan Harapan/PPH). However, to reach PPH-based food pattern, rice consumption should be limited, while consumption of tubers, animal food and fruitsvegetables still has to be increased significantly. Government created various instruments to achieve food diversification, such as Regulation of President No. 22, 2009 about Local Resources-based-Accelerating Food Consumption Diversification Policy, which further regulated by Ministry of Agriculture based on Regulation of Minister of Agriculture No. 43, 2009 about the action. Learning from past experience, simultaneous commitment and consistency from all stakeholders including legislative institution and media (newspaper, TV, radio, etc.) is important to implement. By having similar perception, right action and consistency in implementation, food diversification is no longer being a dream. Keywords : food diversification, food consumption, community


Summary Two samples of sediment, one spot find, and two bags of hand-collected bone from medieval deposits revealed by excavations at Lime Tree Lane, Bilton, Hull were submitted for an assessment of their bioarchaeological potential. It is suggested that with tighter dating further work could usefully be carried out on the charred plant remains from Sample 2 (F26) but no further analysis is recommended for the animal bone assemblage. However, none of the deposits remaining at the site should be destroyed without appropriate excavation and sampling.


Using probiotic preparations and their complexes in poultry farming is an important step towards increasing poultry resistance and productivity, and thus producing environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the complex action of symbiotic drugs and biocidal agents by investigating the clinical and biochemical parameters of blood and mineral metabolism in the body of broiler chickens under the conditions of their use according to the developed scheme. Hematologic, biochemical and immunologic blood parameters were explored by conventional methods, micro- and macroelements by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Using the proposed complex of symbiotic and biocidal agents in the technology of rearing broiler chickens activates the processes of erythropoiesis, haemoglobin production, restoration of protein metabolism and normalisation of mineral status within physiological limits, which indicates the strengthening of the body's defences, increased resistance to stress factors and adverse environmental conditions, and will further have a positive effect on the growth and productivity of the target bird. The pronounced effect of the complex combination of drugs on the body of broiler chickens of experimental B is a better assimilation of many inorganic elements (by increasing the content of Calcium, Phosphorus, Cuprum, Ferrum and Selenium, Magnesium, Manganum); and, accordingly, causes the sustainable development of metabolic processes due to the prevalence of anabolic over catabolic processes (by increasing the level of total proteins against the background of a physiological increase in the number of globulin fractions; including the induction of the endogenous detoxification system – by reducing the level of production of toxic metabolites of purine metabolism: uric acid and creatinine; reduction of Chromium content; normalisation of transamination processes and deceleration of alkaline phosphatase activity) and immunobiological reactions (by enhancing erythropoiesis and haemoglobin production; induction of lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activity), respectively. The proposed system of rearing young poultry using a complex of symbiotic preparations in combination with biocidal agents promotes the synergistic effect of the latter and their effective action on the body of experimental broiler chickens, which increases nonspecific resistance and restores metabolic reactions


The demand for computer science faculty is growing rapidly, along with the demand for seats in computer science courses. The problem of finding, recruiting, and retaining computer science faculty may have reached crisis proportions[1]. Meeting this demand means an influx of new faculty, including perhaps nontraditional faculty such as adjuncts from industry, emeriti, graduate students, or faculty from other disciplines.
Such diversity is valuable but brings its own challenges. One of these is acclimating new faculty, particularly those from different academic or industrial environments, to the norms, practices, and expectations of a particular school and department. These may vary considerably among institutions, and some may be subtle and unrecognized, not always identified in existing orientation materials.
For the new faculty's experience to be successful (for themselves, for their students, and for the institution), we must identify these issues. But we must also make that information available in an effective form: A comprehensive "policies and procedures" manual may be left unread amid the more immediate demands of meeting the first class or starting a research program. Experienced colleagues will have some answers, at least idiosyncratic ones, and likely are willing to share them when they have a free moment; even so, the new instructor may hesitate to call on the same person too often.
The panelists will describe their experiences as new or adjunct faculty or as those orienting such faculty; thereafter, we will solicit experiences from the audience. We expect to generate and disseminate a list of teaching issues new faculty must address and a range of strategies for helping those faculty address them. This could serve as a "Prototype FAQ," one that institutions (or their new-faculty coordinators) could adapt to local practices.


This paper examines a new possible explanation for the recent rejections of the life cycle-permanent income model of consumption: the treatment of seasonal fluctuations. The paper shows that when the seasonal fluctuations in consumption purchases are included in an analysis of the life cycle-permanent income model, there is no evidence in the aggregate data against the model. The estimates of the parameters of agents' utility functions obtained with seasonally unadjusted data are plausible, and the unadjusted data do not reject the overidentifying restrictions on the model.


The illusion eliminating method for road vehicle driver is inserting several posts in vertical sag curve section of the posts constitute one concave curve. of the posts, the first one is in the middle part of the back tangent straight slope section, the last one is in the middle part of the front tangent straight slope section, and the height of the front one is greater than that of the behind one after the kickpoint while the height of the front one is greater than that of the behind one after the kickpoint while the height of the front one is smaller than that of the behind one before the kickpoint. The present invention can eliminate the illusion of the driver, avoid this nervousness and funk and raise safety.


Background: Skin  Adnexal  Tumours (SATs ) are  large  and  divergent  group  of  tumours which  are classified  based  on  their  appendageal  differentiation  into  eccrine,follicular,sebaceous   and  apocrine.They  pose daunting  diagnostic  challenges  to  both  clinicians  and  pathologists alike.This  study  aims  to  evaluate  the  histopathological  charecterestics  of skin  adnexal  neoplasms  and  correlate  with  their  clinical  profile. Methods : This  is  a  retrospective  study  of  skin  adnexal  tumours (28 cases) diagnosed  on  histopathological  examination  over  a  period  of  two  years .(  January 2014  to  December 2015 ). Results : Skin adnexal tumours  are  uncommon  lesions  with  an  incidence of 0.27%.These  tumours  were  common  in  the  51 to 60 age  group  and  showed  a  female  preponderance. Head  and  neck  region  particularly  the  scalp  was  commonly  involved. Benign  tumours  were  more  common (78.6% ) than  the  malignant  ones (21.4%). .Sweat  gland  tumours  constituted  the  largest  group (61%) followed  by hair  follicle tumours (21%)and sebaceous  tumours (14%).Apocrine  gland tumours  were  less  common. Nodular  hidradenoma  was  the  most  common  benign  tumour  and  sebaceous  carcinoma  was  the  most  common  malignant  tumour encountered  in  the  present  study. Conclusion :SATs  are  relatively  uncommon  lesions  and  have  distinct  histopathological  features. Clinical  diagnosis  is  difficult  as  most  of  these  lesions  are  nondescript and  histopathological  examination  is  essential  for  its  diagnosis.


Ovim radom autori predlažu dopune postojećeg obrazovnog sustava za potrebe turizma elementima projektnog menadžmenta, sukladno ABSTRACT: The competitiveness of Croatian and Slovenian tourism on the international market is based on success in carrying out operational tasks but also on the preparation and implementation of strategic and other projects. These projects are of key importance for tourism's growth and development, and for the business systems operating in this branch of the economy.


Epilepsy is one of the most common reasons for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). However, epilepsy events have a variety of causes, which we tend to ignore. The leading cause is renal artery dissection with renal infarction. The case reported herein is of a patient without a medical history of epilepsy who presented to the ED with sudden epileptic seizures caused by malignant hypertension.


This paper1,2 uses linear covariance analysis to investigate the expected navigation performance and corresponding parameter sensitivities for lunar landing and surface mobility (via "hopping"). The Draper Linear Covariance (LinCov) tool is a statistical simulation that approximates the state error covariance results of a six-degree-of-freedom Monte Carlo simulation in a fraction of the time. This ability to quickly analyze navigation performance for a wide variety of sensor suite configurations given any landing or hopping trajectory allows for increased vehicle and mission design flexibility, as well as insight into sensor and vehicle cost, mass, and power sizing.


PURPOSE: The storage tester and SSD device embody the tester for testing SSD and all kinds of the storages as the one-chip. Independently, each storage and SSD(Solid State Drive) are tested. CONSTITUTION: The storage interface unit(210) keeps interface with the storage. The user interface(220) is input the test condition for the test of the storage from user. The generation of test pattern part(230) is created the test pattern for the test of the storage. The test controller(240) controls the test of the storage through the test pattern.


With the development for nearly 40 years,the self-determination theory has turned into an important motivation theory which can direct the practices in many fields of human behaviors.This paper reviews the development of self-determination theory,introduces some important figures,summarizes relevant researches and tries to show the new trend and prosperity of SDT,reflecting the contribution to the human beings from psychologists.