Taking CMOS chip of UC2843 as the core,a new 15 W switch stabilized voltage supply has been devised,single-terminal,fly-back,wide input range,one-way fixed voltage output.It can effectively reduce the power losses and improve the adjustability.In the circuit,a new technique of weak cushion circuit has been adopted,different from RC cushion circuit;it is combined with current mode PWM control,coupling inductor in the fly-back converter coupled with SMV capacitor,and formed LC resonant circuit;it can efficiently accomplish the turn-off sensibility loaded transient cushion,and limit the diode's reverse recovery bad features.The fact shows: the technique could reach the design requirement.


Monte Carlo calculation method is considered to be the most accurate method for dose calculation in radiotherapy. The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy of the radiotherapy dose calculations calculated by treatment planning computer system in water by comparison with Monte Carlo model. Monte Carlo model for the photon-beam output from the Primus linear accelerator was validated by plotting the energy spectrum of photon beam and calculating the percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profiles for the 5 x 5 cm 2 and 10 x 10 cm 2 field sizes. BEAMnrc and the DOSXYZnrc codes were used to perform all dose calculation in this project. The simulated PDD and beam profile obtained were compared with that calculated using treatment planning system (TPS). Good agreement was found between calculated PDD and beam profile using Monte Carlo simulation and TPS calculation with maximum dose difference of 2% for PDD and 6 % for beam profiles. The results showed that the different components of the simulated primus linear accelerator were accurately modeled using Mote Carlo simulation. In conclusion, the BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes package have very good accuracy in calculating dose distribution for 6 MV photon beam and it can be considered as a promising method for patient dose calculations.


A number of results are known which relate the characteristic numbers on a differentiable manifold X to the differentiable actions of the circle group S1on X. Many of these results are consequences of the Atiyah–Singer index theorem (2). In particular, an idea due to Hirzebruch sometimes permits one to deduce that certain characters which occur in the index theorem are in fact constant. Examples of this procedure can be found on page 594 of(2), on page 46 of(4), and on pages 21–22 of(1). Our aim in this paper is to make a systematic investigation of such results, and it is this aim which led us naturally to the concept of a modest vector bundle.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for transmitting information. The method comprises: determining multiple enhanced transmission opportunity configurations; determining a first enhanced transmission opportunity configuration according to a loss value of a channel to a user equipment, wherein a time width occupied by an enhanced transmission opportunity is greater than the time width occupied by a non-enhanced transmission opportunity; and configuring transmission information according to the first enhanced transmission opportunity. The embodiments of the present invention also provide a base station and the user equipment, used for determining the enhanced transmission opportunity configuration according to a range to which the loss value of the channel belongs. Thus the base station and user equipment can send and/or receive information using a proper time frequency resource and a power configuration according to the loss value of the channel, optimizing a resource configuration and reducing power consumption.


AIM
In this study we examined the prevalence of internet addiction (IA) and its associated factors in a sample of Italian students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is an observational study that involved 1403 students aged 15-24 and conducted in L'Aquila, Italy. 1129 students accepted to participate in our study and completed the Internet Addiction Test: 41% were male and the mean age of total sample was 19±2.8 years.

RESULTS
The prevalence of "average user" was 51% (95% CI: 48-54). The prevalence of "problematic user" was 23% (95% CI: 21-26). Among the students with a problematic use, 8 were addicted, the 0.7% in the whole sample. There was a significant age difference (p=0.029), but no gender difference (p=0.311) between "average users" and "problematic users". The association of internet use and educational level (School or University) was not significant (p=0.704).

DISCUSSION
Our results showed that about one student out of 100 had an IA. Gender and educational level were not significantly associated with IA. Instead, we found a strong association with age: there was not a decrease of internet use during a lifetime, with negative consequences on quality of life.

CONCLUSION
Our study reported a percentage of 30% of problematic internet use among students. These findings suggest the importance of early detection among youth and of structured interventions that should be carried out to prevent abnormal global life functioning.


The automatic extraction of closed contours is the most important and difficult problem in the automatic recognition of the Portuguese cadastral maps. Many difficulties such as gaps on contour, elements connected on contour, crossing of lines and the association of each entity to its contour have to be solved. In literature there are very few studies about the recognition of cadastral maps and the maps already studied are different than ours. Therefore our research mainly focused on appropriate computer vision algorithms that yield acceptable results. In this paper we present a sequence of algorithms to solve various problems in the contour extraction. The algorithms are completely different and each one tries to solve one specific problem of the analysis. The methods used were the Block-Fill algorithm, the Lohmann's algorithm, the Seed-Segment algorithm and the Rosin-West's vectorization algorithm. The architecture of our system is presented and the results are shown at the end of the paper.


To aim at the defects of the traditional VSG (virtual synchronous generator) control schemes to only complete the primary frequency regulation equivalent to droop control, and not to realize the secondary frequency regulation, this paper proposes a new control scheme to realize the secondary frequency regulation of the VSG, such that system frequency can return to the rated value. In this method, the torque change process of the rotor of synchronous generator is firstly analyzed when the system active power fluctuates. And then, a novel secondary frequency regulation control strategy of the VSG is proposed, where the small-signal model of power transmission of the VSG is established and transfer function is analyzed, and parameters design and stability analysis of the control system are conducted. Finally, simulation experiments show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.


The article proves a thesis of a wide variability in the various models of administrative ties including those of invert direction. The author concludes that by no means all governance models correlate with the Russian civilizational conditions that might cause destructive results.


F R O M the results of experiments involving autoradiography of stretched H3 thymidine-labelled salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, and a consideration of previously published evidence, STEFFENSEN (1963) has concluded that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is absent from the interband regions of these chromosomes. In opposition to this conclusion are the results presented in this report of examinations in the fluorescence microscope of acridine orange stained, ribonuclease digested salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster, which provide direct evidence for the presence of DNA in interband regions of polytene chromosomes.


Abstract In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) uptake by four Salix cultivars grown in Cu and Zn contaminated soils collected from a mining area in Finland were tested to assess their suitability for phytoextraction. The cultivars displayed tolerance to heavily contaminated soils throughout the experiment. After uptake, total mean Cu concentrations in the leaves, shoots and roots in all cultivars and treatments ranged from 163 to 474 mg kg−1 and mean Zn concentrations ranged from 776 to 1823 mg kg−1. Lime and wood ash addition increased dry biomass growth (25–43%), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values (3–6%), the translocation factor (TF) (15–60% for Cu; 10–25% for Zn), the bio-concentration factor (BCF) (40–85% for Cu; 70–120% for Zn), and metal uptake (55–70% for Cu; 50–65% for Zn) compared to unamended treatment across all cultivars. The results revealed that Salix cultivars have the potential to take up and accumulate significant amounts of Cu and Zn. Cultivar Klara (Salix viminalis × S. schwerinii × S. dasyclados) was found to be the most effective cultivar for phytoextraction since it displayed greater dry biomass production, Fv/Fm, TF, BCF values and uptake percentage rates of Cu and Zn compared to the other three cultivars. This study indicates that further research is needed to clarify the wider phytoextraction capabilities of different Salix cultivars.


It is a suitable moment to review the realities of the contemporary idea of "sustainable development." In the final analysis, sustainable development may be neither sustainable nor development. Furthermore, its widespread popularization is propounding something more significant: a system of sustainable degradation that can be related directly to O'Connor's critique of capital's "second contradiction." Three operational strategies have been formulated to administer sustainable degradation in the U.S.: ecomanagerialism, ecojudicialism, and ecocommercialism.


A 30-year-old man presented to the emergency department with exhaustion, weight loss and abdominal pain. He had been having pain in the stomach, nausea and vomiting for the previous 2 days. The patient had received psychiatric treatment and treatment for alcoholism for the previous 3–4 years, and …


In order to accelerate the rendering of the terrain surface, a two-level detail image morphing based rendering method was put forward. The terrain surface was modeled using both low detail level and high detail level; and then the ratio of high detail level to the projection area of the whole terrain in image space was computed, to control the size of the high detail level. The transition between the two levels was carried out in position comparatively far away from the viewpoint. Further more the transition area was shaped by texture blending and offsetting in image space pixel by pixel. This method could eliminate the crack inherent in adjacent terrain levels, and avoid large computing cost by geometry transition in graphics space per frame. The algorithm on GPU was designed and implemented. And the experiment results get good balance between visual effect and the acceleration of terrain rendering speed.


Since the 1970s, growing concerns about urban development's effects on the natural environment have been prompting efforts to find more sustainable solutions for the problems arising from the built environment. In this context, this work discusses the need to integrate innovative stormwater drainage practices with the urban planning process, especially regarding the limitation associated with the increase of impervious surfaces, while trying to handle the runoff generated by the urban sprawl. The interaction between urban growth and stormwater management is investigated, using a case study in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro to illustrate the main findings. To fulfill this objective, the present flooding scenario for this area is modified under two premises: considering a traditional drainage system approach, focusing on channelization measures, and a distributed stormwater management approach, based on the sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) concepts. Then, these two solutions are tested for their effectiveness under three different scenarios of future urban growth and land-use changes, ranging from uncontrolled urbanization to planned urban growth with land-use control. The capacity of these two approaches to maintain their design functions is verified for the proposed future urban patterns. The quantitative evaluation of urban flooding prospective scenarios is supported by mathematical modeling. From the results of the conducted simulations, one can confirm the crucial importance of land-use planning in the urban flood control process. Decentralized stormwater controls, although more resilient than traditional channelization measures, tend to fail in the long term if land-use planning is not properly addressed. A key element for flood control is the integration of drainage solutions with urban development, in a systemic way and considering the basin scale as the planning and design reference.


p‐type ion‐implantation doping of Al0.75Ga0.25Sb is reported. The surface morphology and electrical properties of Al0.75Ga0.25Sb are shown by atomic force microscopy and Hall measurements to be degraded after rapid thermal annealing of 650 °C. Implantation of Be and Mg results in sheet hole concentrations twice that of the implanted acceptor dose of 1×1013 cm−2 following a 600 °C anneal. This is explained in terms of double acceptor or antisite defect formation. Implanted C acts as an acceptor but also demonstrates excess hole conduction attributed to implantation‐induced defects. Implanted Zn requires higher annealing temperatures than Be and Mg to achieve 100% effective activation for a dose of 1×1013 cm−2 probably as a result of more implantation‐induced damage created from the heavier Zn ion. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy of as‐implanted and annealed Be, Mg, and C samples are presented. Diffusion of implanted Be (5×1013 cm−2, 45 keV) is shown to have an inverse dependence on temperature that is attr...


Driven by the digitalization,cyberization and the reform of information technology,libraries are facing the competition of survival.The chief librarian is very important to the future development of a library.The chief librarian needs to improve his personality,management ability and professional knowledge through self-education,self-reflection and improvement work to improve the library management and embody his function in the management of modern libraries.


Citeurep area of PSK-1 mini hydro power plant is one of the areas passed by waterway to flow water into the power plant turbine and it resides on a foothill with some natural water springs. As time passes, this waterway suffered continuous damage due to continuous slow movement of land mass (creeping). Therefore, integration of geological data, drill data, remote sensing (drone data), Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and Very Low Frequency (VLF) were carried out, creating a 3D VES model, 2D ERT model, and 2D VLF model. Geological data, drill data, and the drone data are used for elevation model and utilized as supporting data to create a better electrical and VLF model to determine the subsurface lithology. VES and ERT models show a subsurface structure that formed an appearance of a natural "weir" from breccia rock of Koleberes Formation (140-380 Ωm) and thick low resistivity zones that contain sandy grains up to 50 meters deep (6-11) Ωm in the Citeurep area. VLF model shows some conductive zones that are interpreted as a flow of underground water. All processed data indicates that Citeurep area is an alluvial that is dominated with breccia as a bedrock. It can be concluded that the causes of creeping are due to: 1) heavy load from the top of the hill coupled with thick sedimentary layers saturated with water which influence the addition of mass and 2) lack of layer cohesion. The absence of sudden landslides is largely caused by hard breccia rocks that form a structure in appearance of a natural "weir


To learn the hazardous status and the demands for occupational hygiene service in private enterprises. Investigation was made on the hazardous status and the demands for occupational hygiene service among 28 private enterprises. The distribution of dust-exposed enterprises and workers basically accorded with the physical factors, but the dust resulted in great hazards. 76.47% of the private enterprise owners and 57.46% of the workers maintained that it was necessary to conduct supervision on hazardous substances on site and health protection. While a part of private enterprises didn't have enough relevant knowledge and had a low consciousness of dust and poison prevention. [Conclusion]To strengthen the occupational hygienic supervision and instructions is a great demand of private enterprises among occupational hygiene services.


An elevator is a part and parcel of modern life in developed countries. The safety and reliability of an elevator system is of great importance as it carries people and other goods. During pick hours of the day, waiting long time in front of an elevator causes mental weariness. In this paper, we have hinted an automatic system that will estimate and display the free weight and volume of an elevator for the passengers using sensors and computer vision techniques. Then the passengers can make a decision and ride on their convenient elevators.


Excerpt To the editor: The technologic advances of the past several decades have presented practicing physicians with many diagnostic tests and procedures. The effective use of this technology is a...


AbstractThe effects of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs) on human skin in vitro were studied in relation to the physico-chemical properties of the vesicles. The interactions between NSVs and skin were visualized using both freeze fracture electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The physico-chemical properties of the NSVs were varied in a systematic way, using a broad series of polyoxyethylene monoalkyl ether type surfactants (CnEOm). The number of oxyethylene units (m) was varied between 3, 7 and 10, and the number of carbon atoms (n) was either 12 or 18. Both the effects of liquid state vesicles composed of C12Eo3,7 and C9=9EO10 surfactants and gel state vesicles (C18EO37) were investigated. After the application of the NS V suspension on the stratum corneum surface two essentially different types of vesicle-skin interactions were visualized. Firstly, an interfacial interaction, involving the adsorption of vesicles, and the deposition of bilayer sheets on the outermost layers of th...


For N o tre D am e s e n io r s , S a tu r d a y 's 4 1 -3 8 loss to Pittsburgh capped off four years of mixed emotion as their expe rience of Notre Dame football as students came to a disappoint ing end. In a game that exemplified the inconsistency and unpredictabil ity of Irish football th is year, most seniors sought to cherish their last game in the Stadium while reflecting on their memo rable experiences as students. "I think Notre Dame football is one of the biggest parts of being a Notre Dame s tuden t," senior Frankie Bott said. "W e'd be a different place without football and the tradition that goes along with it. "


Doctor blade (04; 14) with a metering edge (11; 22) which can be engaged against an ink carrying roller (01), wherein the surface of the metering edge (11; 22) of microporous off, air-permeable material (09) is formed for the outlet of air , whereby in operation a homogeneous air cushion between the metering edge (11; 22) and the surface of the rotating body (01) can be formed and thereby take place no direct physical contact between the metering edge (11) and the roller (01).


A kind of metal detector based on single chip microcomputer MSP430 control was developed, whose control core of the detector is the low power consumption microprocessor MSP430. The metal object probe of the detector is LDC1000 inductance/digital converter evaluation board (AY - LDC1000). The detector perceive or measure conductor target position and material composition by inductance sensor. Liquid crystal LCD12864 will display the metal object coordinates. Stepper motor will control the sliding and rotation system. The equipment is easy to implement, which has good reliability, sensitivity and anti-interference. The detector has the very broad application prospects in the field of metal detection.


This article compares English idioms with Chinese ones by the method of contrast analysis firstly,and then induces the cultural difference responded from them.


We proposed a fault diagnosis method based on the multi-class least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) and the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis. By introducing the minimum output coding, we built several two-class LS-SVMs to realize the multi-class classification of transformer diagnosis. Then we obtained the optimal parameters of LS-SVM diagnosis model using the PSO algorithm, and improved the generalization performance of this multi-class algorithm through the cross validation. Study of practical cases indicate that, after using the PSO and LS-SVM algorithm, transformer faults can be diagnosed effectively and accurately, and the accuracy is higher than that of a number of conventional transformer fault diagnosis approaches.


An efficient M-channel cosine modulated transmultiplexer system can be simply designed in two steps: first, efficient design of prototype filter and second designing of synthesis/analysis filters using cosine modulation technique. In this paper, first prototype filter is designed using weighted constrained least square technique, then using an efficient optimization algorithm, sum of interference parameters such as inter-channel interference and inter-symbol interference of transmultiplexer system has been reduced. At last, M-channel uniform transmultiplexer system has been designed by using cosine modulation. With the help of design examples, dominance of the proposed method is illustrated.


. We examine how light neutrinos coming from distant active galactic nuclei (AGN) and similar high energy sources may be used as tools to probe non-standard physics. In particular we discuss how studying the energy spectra of each neutrino flavour coming from such distant sources and their distortion relative to each other may serve as pointers to exotic physics such as neutrino decay, Lorentz symmetry violation, pseudo-Dirac effects, CP and CPT violation and quantum decoherence. This allows us to probe hitherto unexplored ranges of parameters for the above cases, for example lifetimes in the range 10 − 3 − 10 4 s/eV for the case of neutrino decay. We show that standard neutrino oscillations ensure that the different flavours arrive at the earth with similar shapes even if their flavour spectra at source may differ strongly in both shape and magnitude. As a result, observed differences between the spectra of various flavours at the detector would be signatures of non-standard physics altering neutrino fluxes during propagation rather than those arising during their production at source. Since detection of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos is perhaps imminent, it is possible that such differences in spectral shapes will be tested in neutrino detectors in the near future. To that end, using the IceCube detector as an example, we show how our results translate to observable shower and muon-track event rates.


Rare earth element (REE) recovery from waste (end-of-line, reusable, recyclable, etc.) should become an essential stream of REE for current demands, making methods to achieve this recovery paramount. This study uses the electrodialytic method (EDR) as an REE extraction method from coal fly ashes. We used different chemicals to assist REE extraction during EDR: distilled water, 0.01M NaNO3, 0.4M Sodium acetate in 1.0M Acetic acid, and 0.5M Citric acid. Citric acid achieved the highest REE extraction/recovery from the four studied solutions: up to 40%. This represents a total recovery of 148 g REE from 1 ton of coal ashes. The citric acid experiment also proved to be energy efficient, using 70Wh per 100g of treated coal ash. The acidic environment provided by the citric acid supplies higher REE migration rates toward the cathode. Once at the cathode compartment, REEs then precipitate at the cathode complexed as Ca- and P-bearing minerals.


Objective – In winter 2019-2020, the world saw the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than a year later, the pandemic continues with the U.S. death toll surpassing 550,000. Over the last decade, librarians have increased their roles in infectious disease outbreak response. However, no existing literature exists on use of the widely-used library content management platform, LibGuides, to respond to infectious disease outbreaks. This research explores how Federal Libraries use LibGuides to distribute COVID-19 information throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods – Survey questions were created and peer-reviewed by colleagues. Survey questions first screened for participant eligibility and collected broad demographic information to assist in identifying duplicate responses from individual libraries, then examined the creation, curation, and maintenance of COVID-19 LibGuides. The survey was hosted in Max.gov, a Federal Government data collection and analysis tool. Invitations to participate in the survey were sent via email to colleagues and listservs and posted to personal social media accounts. The survey was made publicly available for three weeks. Collected data were exported into Excel to clean, quantify, and visualize results. Long form answers were manually reviewed and tagged thematically.
Results – Of the 78 eligible respondents, 42% (n = 33) reported that their library uses LibGuides to disseminate COVID-19 information; 45% of these respondents said they spent 10+ hours creating their COVID-19 LibGuide, and 60% of respondents spent <1 hour a week on maintenance and updates. Most LibGuides were created in early spring 2020 as the U.S. first saw an uptick in COVID-19 cases. For marketing purposes, respondents reported using web/internal announcements (75%) and email (50%) most frequently. All respondents reported inclusion of U.S. Government resources in their COVID-19 LibGuides, and a majority also included guidelines, international websites, and databases to inform their user communities.
Conclusion – Some Federal Libraries use LibGuides as a tool to share critical information, including as a tool for emergency response. Results show libraries tend to start from scratch and share the same resources, duplicating efforts. To improve efficiency in LibGuide curation and use of library staff time, one solution to consider is the creation of a LibGuides template that any Federal Library can use to quickly set up and adapt an emergency response LibGuide specifically for their users. Additionally, findings show that libraries are uncertain of archiving and preservation plans for their guides post-pandemic, suggesting a need for recommended best practices.


Using data from a household survey carried out in the French overseas territory of Reunion, we specify and estimate, in this paper, a micro econometric demand function for potable water with the purpose of identifying and quantifying the impact of the determinants of household consumption of this resource which is presently under heavy operating stress. We model this demand by means of a generalization of the linear expenditure system allowing to differentiate within the residential water consumption a captive component independent of prices and household income, and a variable component as a function of prices and household income, which can be influenced by a relevant water pricing policy. Our estimates carried out by taking into account possible selection bias reveal the importance of captive consumption resulting both from household basic needs and from the outdoor uses of water. Therefore, it is advisable to complement pricing policies with other measures, such as information campaigns focusing on the outdoor uses of water.


Surface plasmon-polaritons (SPP) excited in periodic metallic gratings provide strong electromagnetic field localization at the interface. The applications of plasmonic structures are mainly sensors for magnetic and biochemical measurements. Besides such nanostructures are widely used in the laser technique applications, e.g. for lowering the threshold of the laser fluences sufficient for all-optical switching and optical demagnetization processes. The possibility to tune an SPP resonance (SPR) in real time is very attractive for fundamental and practical needs. It may be provided by active plasmonics studying the opportunities of SPR control using external stimulus.
Here we experimentally study the influence of nanostructure profile depth on the ultrafast SPR control capabilities. It is shown that moderate fluence of 6 mJ/cm2 can induce ultrafast charge carriers dynamics in all considered nanostructures resulting in their optical and magnetooptical response modulation. The latter is visualized using the pump-probe technique in the transverse magnetooptical Kerr effect (TMOKE) configuration. A 1-KHz Ti:Sapp regenerative amplifier is a pump source, and a super-continuum pulse is a probe. The modification of the SPP wave vector under the pump pulse irraditation may be considered as the physical reason of modulation in both non-magnetic and magnetic cases. The peak reflectance and TMOKE spectra modulation values in the spectral area of SPR are affected by the surface corrugation depth of the plasmonic crystal. Their highest achieved values for the set of studied MPCs are of 10% and 0.7% respectively. The durations of laser-induced charge carriers thermalization and relaxation processes are also profile-dependent. Their typical values are of 400 fs for electron thermalization, of 1 ps for electron-phonon relaxation, and of several tens of ps for phonon-phonon relaxation process.
This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants No. 17-52-560011, No. 18-52-45023) and MSU Quantum Technologies Center.


Several misunderstandings obscure the understanding of access to pastoral resources in farming areas of West Africa. Firstly, pastoral resources are often considered as commons, whereas they are mostly based on open access. Secondly, these open access regimes are under-studied and suffer from a poor understanding of what is a "right" in such regimes. This is an important issue, because grazing resources are disappearing in farming regions while fields for crops are extending, and because herders' rights do not protect them from this adverse change in land use. Grounded on field work in western Burkina Faso, this article specifies herders' rights of access in the area by drawing upon the concepts forged by Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1913). This American legal scholar sees rights as a relational issue, not as individual or collective entitlements. His analytical framework has been influential since the beginning of the 20th century and proves to be relevant to highlight farmers-herders relations. The article demonstrates that herders benefit from liberty of access rather than rights in the strictest sense of the word. Access to pastoral resources is weak because herders are subject to farmers' power to change their land use from pastoral to agricultural.


Background: Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed gynaecological surgery throughout the world. Few studies have been performed describing the pathologic findings in hysterectomy specimens and examining the relationship between the preoperative clinical indication, gross findings and pathologic diagnosis. This study was undertaken to identify the different types of pathologies in hysterectomy specimens and to correlate the findings with the clinical indications and gross findings. Methods: In the present study, five hundred and forty four cases were studied over a period of one year. Surgical specimens were formalin fixed and the tissue was adequately processed for histopathological examination. The sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results: Menorrhagia and fibroid uterus were the most common clinical indications for hysterectomy. Of the 544 cases, 52.75% cases were encountered in the age group of 40 - 49 years which was the most common age group.  The most common pathology identified was leiomyoma in myometrium. Histopathological examination confirmed the clinical and gross diagnosis in majority of the cases. Conclusions: The present study provides a fair insight into the histological patterns of lesions in hysterectomy specimens in our institution. A wide range of lesions are encountered when hysterectomy specimens are subjected to histopathological examination. Though the histopathological analysis correlates well with the clinical and gross diagnoses, a few lesions were also encountered as incidental findings and mismatch diagnoses. Hence, it is mandatory that every hysterectomy specimen should be subjected to detailed gross and histopathological examination to ensure proper postoperative management of patients.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Chinese traditional herbs for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods: 127 COPD patients at stable stage were randomly divided into two groups. 62 patients in control group were treated by standard regiment, e.g. seretide and tiotropium bromide inhaled, 65 patients in treatment group were applied the standard regimen plus Chinese traditional herbs that can invigorate lung and activate blood. TCM symptom score and sputum leukocyte were counted and analyzed. Results: After a 3-months treatment course, the reduction of TCM symptom score and sputum leukocyte count were found in both group(time ef ect, P0.05, P0.01), whereas Chinese traditional herbs showed a signii cant ei cacy in reducing TCM symptom score, sputum neutrophil and eosinophil count(vs. control group, P0.01). Conclusion: The therapy of invigorating lung and activating blood might signii cantly reduce inl ammatory ini ltration and inhibit the non-specii c inl ammatory response in the airway, and improve COPD related symptoms.


INTRODUCTION The emergence of women entrepreneurs and their contribution to the national economy is quite visible in India. The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the growing sensitivity to the role and economic status in the society. The challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job craters. Factors in the starting process of a business for male and femal entrepreneurs are also different, especially in such areas as support systems sources of funds and problems.


Vehicular networking is an emerging area of interest in the wireless networking community as well as in the transportation research community. Vehicular ad hoc networks (vanet) are distributed, self-organizing communication networks which progressed from traveling vehicles, and are thus characterized by very high speeds and limited degrees of freedom in node (vehicle) movement patterns. Different mobility models in vehicular ad hoc networks significantly affect the performance of several mobility management protocols. These mobility models imply vehicular movement pattern, street layout, trip selection scheme, path selection scheme, destination selection mechanism, and traffic control mechanism. Therefore a good realistic mobility model is an essential component to evaluate the performance of vanet.


This chapter provides an overview and brief critical discussion of moral responsibility pluralism: that is, theories according to which there are several different kinds of moral responsibility, and it is possible for an agent to be morally responsible in one sense while lacking responsibility in another. Philosophers usually become pluralists about moral responsibility in order to handle one of two problems. Moral responsibility skeptics must explain how we ought to handle wrongdoing in a society where skepticism is embraced: saying that although one kind of moral responsibility does not exist, another one does, and suffices for our most crucial practices, offers a solution. Other philosophers argue that we need pluralism to make sense of our often-ambiguous intuitions regarding the responsibility of agents with certain impairments. The latter is far from obvious, though; moral responsibility monists can appeal to familiar excuses such as non-culpable ignorance, or how difficulties can diminish responsibility without erasing it. Pluralism does seem crucial for skeptics; however, it remains difficult to separate the kind of moral responsibility that does not exist according to the theory from the one that does, if the latter is made sufficiently thick to base vital practices on.


S.-Z. Nie firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang south Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China J. Yu Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang south Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China G. Yu Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Beisihuan west Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China Q.-F. Tan State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China Z.-W. Fan Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang south Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China


A data processing system is a virtual method and a data processing system, for providing a plurality of physical data processing system at the same virtual sub-interface or data processing systems, each sub-data processing system for performing different applications; different mutual security isolation between the sub data processing system, to meet different requirements of different applications on security requirements; may be the same line (online) switched like a television "channel" between the various subsystems; while providing the above-described functions may be accomplished switching method.


Industrial Wireless Networks (IWNs) are expected to guarantee the Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) in future manufacturing systems. However, due to limited resources and unstable radio environment, it is an inherent challenge to improve transmission reliability while maintaining low latency. This paper considers the uplink URLLC of mixed traffic (deterministic traffic and sporadic traffic) in IWNs with multiple channels. For deterministic traffic, an Automatic On-demand Retransmission scheme based on NACK REpetitions (AOR-NRE) is proposed. For sporadic traffic, a Flexible Repetition Coding-based Contention scheme (FRCC) is proposed. Then, the adaptive decision for mixed traffic on a time slicing based scheme and a frequency slicing based scheme is explored based on reliability analysis of AOR-NRE and FRCC. Finally, the advantages of the proposed retransmission schemes over existing works and the significance of adaptive decision are demonstrated via numerical results.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to study the inner meaning and formative with distorted and atypical Informelimage, body image expressed in modern fashion. Method of the study is as follow. The study method examinedphilosophy of art 19th century in order to consider interconnections between social and cultural characteristics ofexpressionistic abstract art, a form of Informel and changed physical style. Based on this method, the Informelimage that appeared in the plastic arts in terms of artistic significance and aesthetic value was examined. Basedon the above discussion on modern fashion Informel images were expressed in any formative characteristics wereconsidered. The results of this study are as follows. Contingencies through the spontaneous act of art to transcendthe image of atypical lines formed elements of coincidence, was developed. Liberation was expressed fromliberation of physical boundaries and created outward expansion of the free formative. Atypical was organic formspursuing spontaneous plasticity and diversity, and appeared in the form of distortion and deformation.Key words: atypicality( ), Abstract Expressionism( ), defo비정형성 추상표현주의 변형 탈신체rmation( ), dis-body( ),Informel( ).앵포르멜


Sixty eight cases of Sydenham's chorea (SC) were studied with the purpose of characterizing biologically the choreic individual by means of some laboratorial data. Based on antecedents, on the presence of recent infectious disease, on clinical examination, on electrocardiographs and x-rays of the heart, and according to a modified Jones criteria the patients were initially divided in three groups: a)Group 1 — 30 patients (case 1 to 30) which presented SC associated with active rheumatic fever (RF); b) Group 2 — 20 patients (cases 31 to 50) which presented SC associated with a previou or present infectious state without active RF; c) Group 3 — 18 patients (cases 51 to 68) which presented "pure" SC, not having anything in their antecedents, or in present history, nor in their physical examinations that could justify calling them "rheumatic" or "infectious". However the analysis of the clinical data, by means of the homogenization tests (qui square or the exact Fisher test) and Goodman's contrast test showed the artificiality of this grouping, which could not be longer sustained. From the 68 cases studied the average age group was 9.9 years, with the maximum age being 17 years, and the minimum age being 4.5 years. 47 of the cases were females as compared to 21 males (2.2 to 1); 60 patients were white, 7 dark-skinned and one negro. The average evolution time of the choreic syndrome, at the time of the first consultation, was 6 months and 7 days, with a minimum of 13 days and a maximum of 60 months. The incidence of the outbreak as far as the season of the year is concerned, was as follows: 31 cases between autumn and winter; 14 cases in spring and 22 in summer. The following laboratory examinations have been made: a)"classical acute phase serum reagents" (APSR): sedimentation rate, differential blood count, Weltmann reaction, mucoproteins, C reactive protein, antistreptolysin-O titter, electrophoresis of serum proteins; b) copper and ceruloplasmin; c)magnesium; d)sulphur; e)electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins; f) electroencephalograms (EEG). For each of the three initial groups, considering the laboratory examinations carried out, the correlations between the APSRs were studied and compared with the electroencephalograms, in accordance with partial correlation tests. The analysis of association tables as made in accordance with the exact Fisher method, the McNemar method and also by using the Goodman method. The real average values were estimated from the APSR results and the electroencephalograms, by points and intervals. The significance levels for these tests were 5% and the confidence intervals (CI) referred to for the percentages obtained for each APSR and for the electroncephalograms were estimated using tables with a confidence of 95%. The APSRs that showed the highest positive indexes in the confidence intervale, independently of any correlation, were: a)antistreptolysin-O (n = 43) was high in 60.46% (confidence interval (CI) = 45.86 to 75.06%)), when the normal limit was considered up to 250 units; considering the normal limit of up to 333 units, therefore considering high titers starting at 400 units, the percentage of positivity fell to about half of the previous value (37.2%); b) copper (n = 39) appeared as the most altered APSR in our casuistics, with 94.97% (CI = 81.0 to 98.0%) of high values; the ceruloplasmin (n = 40) kept pace with copper and was increased in 90.0% (CI = 80.7 to 99.3%; c) the serum proteinogram (n = 24) showed patterns similar to those of the RF, that is, decrease in albumin in 66.66% and increase in alpha-2-globulin fraction in 91.60% (CI = 30.00 to 70.00%) of the cases; a simultaneous alteration of these two fractions observed in 11 cases (45.83%, CI = 25.9 to 65.76%); gamma-globulin, opposing the initial acute rheumatic patterns showed itself to be quite high 83.33% (CI = 68.43 to 98.23%); d)magnesium (n = 38) decreased in 86.84% (CI = 76.09 to 97.59%), increased in 4 cases (10.52%, CI = 2.5 to 25.0%) and was normal in one case (2.64%,); e)sulphur (like SO4 ion) was increased in 71.79% of the cases (CI = 57.68 to 85.90%); f) the cerebrospinal fluid's proteinogram (n = 13) showed an increase of prealbumin in 6 cases (46.15%); g)the EEG, during the acute phase (n = 42) showed anormality in 45.24% of the cases (CI = 30.19 to 60.29%); part of these anormalities persisted up to the phase of remission, when from 34 EEG only 29.41% (CI = 14.11 to 44.71%) showed anormalities (10 cases); among these, two were "disorganization of the alpha rhythm", one of which normalized rapidly, another showed only asymmetry and may be considered normal; there remained then only 7 cases in the remission phase, with persistent anormalities, which however, are discussible as to their pathologic significance in the ones labeled as "slow for the age" and "paroxystic dysrhytmia by slow waves" in the occipital areas, in view of the age group to which they belong (4 to 11 years). Only two cases, in the remission phase, had anormalities in the temporal and occipital areas: case 29, with suggestion of "paroxystic dysrhythmia in the left occipital region, by acute atypical waves", and case 33, with "paroxystic dysrhythmia in the left-temporal region, by hypersynchronic waves"; this one was the only case that required anticonvulsive treatment. In concluding, the attempt to characterize Sydenham's chorea by means of some laboratory serum examinations showed that: 1) The classical "acute phase serum reagents" (sedimentation rate, blood count, Weltmann reaction, C reactive protein and mucoproteins) were not conclusive for this purpose; 2) the "acute phase serum reagents" that presented the greatest alterations in Sydenham's chorea were copper and ceruloplasmin, electrophoresis of serum proteins (alpha-2 and gamma globulin fractions) and antistreptolysin-O; 3) the "acute phase serum reagents" when evaluated separately were of little value, but it is quite possible that two or more taken altogether could, in certain instances of the evolution of the disease, characterize "an infectious and/or inflammatory stage"; 4) eosinophilia was observed in a high percentage of cases (81.66%) requiring further studies for confirmation purposes; 5) the correlation of the various "acute phase serum reagents" studied among them and in comparison with other determined parameter (magnesium, sulphur, and EEGs) did not show statistical significance, not only when comparing the three initial groups, but also in its totality, facts that may suggest a unitarian pathogeny for Sydenham's chorea; 6) a high percentage of hypomagnesemia was found (86.84%) although at not too low levels; 7) sulphur was high in 71.79% of the cases. The EEG is not an element allowing distinction between a "pure" and a "rheumatic" chorea, and its valorization may not be based on a unique record, but on evolutive records, because only with a prolonged follow-up is it possible to be certain of the persistence or not of the encephalographic abnormalities.


Robertson et al Microbiology Europe 2:18-26, 1994. Ware et al (Abstracts of the 95" Gen. Meeting of American Soc of Micrology, 1995. BiFulco et al Applied and Environmental Micrology 59:772-776, 1993. Jiang et al Marine Euorogy Progress Series 80:101-107, 1992. Whitmore et al Water Science and Technology27: 69-76, 1993. Siddons et al., Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45:479–482, 1992. Nieminski et al., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61:1714-1719, 1995. Joseph M. Bifulco et al., "Antibody-Magnetic Method for Selective Concentration of Giardia Iamblia Cysts from Water Samples", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Mar. 1993, pp. 772–776. Mark W. LeChevallier et al., "Evaluation of the Immunof luorescence Procedure for Detection of Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water", Applied and Environ mental Microbiology, Feb. 1995, pp. 690–697. Mark W. LeChevallier et al., "Occurence of Giardia and Crytosporidium spp., in Surface Water Supplies", Applied and Environmetal Microbiology, Sep.1991, pp. 2610-2616. G. Vesey et al., "Routine monitoring of Cryptosporidium oocytes in water using flow cytometry", Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1993, pp. 87-90. Cora E. Musial, et al., "Detection of Cryptosporidium in Water by Using Polypropylene Cartridge Fliters", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Apr. 1987, pp. 687-692. G. Vesey et al., "A new method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1993, pp. 82-86. Abstract, Tsai et al., "Simple method of concentrating enteoviruses and hepatitis. A virus from Sewage and ocean water for rapid detection by reverse transcriptase-poly merase chain reaction", Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993 Oct:59(10):3488–91. Abstract, Tsai et al., "Detection of poliovirus, hepatitis A Virus, and retrovirus from Sewagee and ocean water by triplex reverse transcriptase PCR", App. Environ. Microbiol, 1994 Jul.;60(7):2400–7.


A frequency modulated dual-electrode DFB laser is used as the optical source for a sensor which is immune to polarisation and acoustic fluctuations affecting its fibre-optic leads. Detection of the quadrature components of the reflected signal allows unambiguous direction determination. A measurement accuracy of ± 20nm is demonstrated over a range of several millimetres.


The aim of this study is to implement a modelbased control architecture for a twin jet Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) using the line-of-sight (LOS) path algorithm for straight-line. The modeling and design of the motion control system are studied using MATLAB-Simulink and the real-time implementation is done by using Robot Operating System (ROS). To simplify the real-time implementation and thus, programming files, the necessary code generation is done by generating a Standalone ROS Node from Simulink software, making the process easier for researchers with non-advanced programming skills. Simulation and field test results are shown to validate the model-based control architecture.


Objective To explore the efficacy of Bells palsy treated with Chinese medicine and electric acupuncture and the accessory effect of electric stimulation on cerebellar fastigial nucleus(CFN)in the treatment of Chinese medicine and electric acupuncture.Methods 76 cases of V-grade Bells palsy were randomized into a Chinese medicine+electric acupuncture group and a Chinese medicine+electric acupuncture+CFN stimulation group,38 cases in each one.The time of treatment was 21 days.At the end of treatment,House-Brackmann scale was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these two treatment programs.Results After treatment,the difference in the recovery was not significant between two groups statistically,meaning the efficacies were same between two groups.But after Chinese medicine+electric acupuncture+CFN stimulation,the stable circle of the patients was shortened and the recovery was accelerated.On the 3rd week,89.5% of the cases was recovered to over House-Brackmann II grade,and of them,68.4% of the cases were recovered to be normal.As compared with Chinese medicine+electric acupuncture group,the total effective rate was improved by 15.8% and the curative rate was by 60.5%.Conclusion The electric stimulation on CFN provides the remarkable accessory effect in the treatment of Bells palsy with Chinese medicine and electric acupuncture.


Quality function deployment (QFD) is a well-known method of developing customer-oriented products for satisfying customer needs (CNs). One important process of QFD is to determine importance weights of CNs. However, it is also important to estimate the future importance of CNs because of the existence of the time interval between determining importance weights of CNs and the launch of new products. In this paper, an approach based on fuzzy Markov chain and fuzzy weighted average methods is proposed to determine both present and future importance weights of CNs. A case study of a packing machine design is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


Pure electric vehicles, as an important part of China's strategic emerging industries with good economical potential and ecological environment and social benefits, are increasingly becoming the strategic choice to response to global warming and to achieve low-carbon transformation of urban transport. Hangzhou pure electric taxi demonstration project is a model for new energy vehicles first try, which has formed the complete and operating norms for pure electric taxies operating system and business mode. Based on the typical research of Hangzhou pure electric taxi demonstration operation status quo, the research group has summarized the practical experience of the demonstration operations and some problems of the mode of development of pure electric vehicle battery and supporting facilities, and put forward some policy recommendations.


The notion of relative derived category with respect to a subcategory is introduced. A triangle-equivalence, which extends a theorem of Gao and Zhang [Gorenstein derived categories, J. Algebra 323 (2010) 2041–2057] to the bounded below case, is obtained. Moreover, we interpret the relative derived functor Ext𝒳𝒜(−,−) as the morphisms in such derived category and give two applications.


Aim
Species-area relationships (also known as 'species-area curves' and 'species accumulation curves') represent the relationship between species richness and the area sampled in a given community. These relationships can be used to describe diversity patterns while accounting for the well-known scale-dependence of species richness. Despite their value, their functional form and parameters, as well as their determinants, have barely been investigated in drylands.

Location
171 drylands from all continents except Antarctica.

Time period
2006-2013.

Major taxa studied
Perennial plants.

Methods
We characterized species-area relationships of plant communities by building accumulation curves describing the expected number of species as a function of the number of sampling units, and later compared the fit of three functions (power-law, logarithmic and Michaelis-Menten). We tested the prediction that the effects of aridity, soil pH on SAR are mediated by vegetation attributes such as evenness, cover, and spatial aggregation.

Results
We found that the logarithmic relationship was the most common functional form (c.50%), followed by Michaelis-Menten (c.33%) and power-law (c.17%). Functional form was mainly determined by evenness. Power-law relationships were found mostly under low evenness, logarithmic relationships peaked under intermediate evenness and the Michalis-Menten function increased in frequency with increasing evenness. The SAR parameters approximated by the logarithmic model ('small-scale richness' (b0 ) and 'accumulation coefficient' (b1 )) were determined by vegetation attributes. Increasing spatial aggregation had a negative effect on the small-scale richness and a positive effect on the accumulation coefficient, while evenness had an opposite effect. In addition, accumulation coefficient was positively affected by cover. Interestingly, aridity decreased small scale richness but did not affect the accumulation coefficient.

Main conclusions
Our findings highlight the role of evenness, spatial aggregation and cover as main drivers of species area relationships in drylands, the Earth's largest biome.


Theoretical questions of cluster system of relations of tourism enterprises are studied. Cluster model of crisis management for tourism companies is analyzed. The role of clustering to improve resource support of entrepreneurial activities of the tourism industry is proved.


Nanocomposites that exhibit good insulation properties have already attracted a variety of research and their electrical properties are believed to be related to charge dynamics in bulk of materials. However, it is still unclear on how nanofiller loading ratios, surface treatment and resultant changes in morphology will influence the charge dynamics of nanocomposites. In this paper, we have clearly mentioned the influence of adding nanoparticles into epoxy resins and the characteristics of the movement of charges in the materials based on combining analysis on morphology, DC conductivity and space charge measurements. The presence of spherical nanoparticles (SiO2) introduced additional traps in bulk, which impaired the charge injection and reduced the mobility of charge carriers in samples of low filler loading ratios (e.g. 0.5 wt%). However, in silica-based samples of higher filler loadings, more nanoparticles further caused a higher density of traps, which resulted in lower average distance between arbitrary traps/inter-particle surface distances and thus charge carriers required less energy when moving from one to another by hopping or the quantum tunnelling mechanism. The surface treatment of SiO2 particles introduced deep traps which helped the separation of particles or related traps, and to some extent restricted the transport of charge carriers. In addition, hBN particles seem to act as barriers to charge injection and movement due to the layered structures and large numbers of resultant shallow traps in bulk. In terms of the moisture effect, the presence of water led to an obvious increase in charge injection and mobility, and resulted in the higher mobility of charge carriers in both base materials and within traps/particles of nanocomposites. The existence of water shells around spherical particles could contribute to a higher probability of the quantum tunnelling process and the formation of conductive percolation channels.


We study the relation between certain alternative definitions of the boundary relative extremal function. For various domains we give an affirmative answer to the question of Sadullaev whether these extremal functions are equal.


Rolled and annealed Mg-1wt. %Zn-1wt. %Gd-0.6wt. %Zr (ZEK110) alloys were subjected to room temperature in-plane compression along the rolling direction, followed by isochronal annealing treatments for 1 h. Despite a starting orientation favoring c-axis extension, the as-deformed microstructure revealed a hierarchical network of twins with profuse quantities of second and third generation twinning appearing within primary tension and compression twins. Complex twin-twin and twin–particle interactions were accompanied by the activation of both basal and non-basal dislocation slip in the neighborhood. While the population density of twins nucleated was significantly high, twin growth was severely retarded due to the presence of secondary phases. In terms of the overall distribution of grain orientations, the as-deformed texture displayed a rather weak basal component with a large portion of the basal poles aligned towards the longitudinal direction with an angular spread of ± 30°. Recrystallization commenced within twins, at twin-twin intersections at lower annealing temperatures and occurred additionally near secondary phases at higher annealing temperatures, giving rise to diverse orientations of both basal and off-basal character. Subsequent growth led to favorable coarsening of the off-basal orientations resulting in an overall texture weakening. The findings provide critical insights with respect to engineering high-strength, high-ductility lean magnesium alloys, comprising hierarchical microstructures that are not only associated with favorable crystallographic textures but additionally display a multi-scale strengthening behavior.


Building change detection using remote sensing images is essential for various applications such as urban management and marketing planning. However, most change detection approaches can only detect the intensity or type of change. The aim of this study is to dig for more change information from time-series synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, such as the change frequency and the change moments. This paper proposes a novel multitemporal building change detection framework that can generate change frequency map (CFM) and change moment maps (CMMs) from multitemporal SAR images. We first give definitions of CFM and CMMs. Then we generate change feature using four proposed generators. After that, a new cosegmentation method combining raw images and change feature is proposed to divide time-series images into changed and unchanged areas separately. Secondly, the proposed cosegmentation and the morphological building index (MBI) are combined to extract changed building objects. Then, the logical conjunction between the cosegmentation results and the binarized MBI is performed to recognize every moment of change. In the post-processing step, we use fragment removal to increase accuracy. Finally, we propose a novel accuracy assessment index for CFM. We call this index average change difference (ACD). Compared to the traditional multitemporal change detection methods, our method outperforms other approaches in terms of both qualitative results and quantitative indices of ACD using two TerraSAR-X datasets. The experiments show that the proposed method is effective in generating CFM and CMMs.


A gas sensor assembly (10) detects a constituent in a gaseous stream. The assembly comprises: a mounting surface (15); a sensor (22) mounted on the mounting surface (15) and capable of generating a detectable signal in the presence of the constituent, and an enclosing structure (30). The enclosing structure (30) comprises: a walled component having a pair of vertically spaced ends and mounted at one end on the mounting surface (15) so as to circumscribe the sensor (22), and a gas-permeable membrane (34) attached at the other end of the walled component (32), thereby defining an interior volume within said enclosing structure. The gas-permeable membrane has optical properties that inhibit the passage of light into the interior volume. Flowing the gaseous stream across the membrane (34) infuses a portion of the gaseous stream into said interior volume, wherein the mounting surface is formed on a central portion of a flexible circuit, the flexible circuit has the central portion and two ends, at least one end is folded under central portion so as to prevent the central portion from contacting the underlying components of the gas sensor assembly.


Landmark based vision navigation for mobile robot is critically dependent on successful recognition of landmarks. Landmarks, artificial or natural, are subjected to sufficient illumination in order for a successful recognition. Sufficient illumination is even more critical when the mobile robot is used for indoor. In this paper, experiments were conducted to recognize artificial landmarks using omnidirectional vision under low illumination. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that landmark navigation in low illumination can be conducted without illumination invariance step and without images distortion correction. This landmark recognition performance thus demonstrates the robustness of landmarks especially under low light condition. The landmarks used were standard (ISO15417) Code-128 barcodes. The barcodes are placed besides turning machine and the illuminance is measured by a luxmeter on each barcode.


MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight patients underwent cervical excisional treatment in the period between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2011 in RIPAS hospital (550 bedded hospital), Brunei Darussalam. For this retrospective study, 18 case-cases in which treatment steps were adequately and systematically recorded, were selected for evaluation of communication practice and 26 histology reports were reviewed for treatment standard.


Based on the remote sensing images in the years 1990 and 2000 and the data of digital elevation model,stream systems,railways,highways,precipitation and temperature,the integrated use of Binary Logistic Regression and CA-Markov model was developed to simulate the land use patterns in the loess tableland areas in Xianyang,Shaanxi Province,and the land use types there in the near future were predicted.The results are as follows: ① There was an expansion of construction land and woodland during the period from 2000 to 2010,but the area of arable land,grasslands,waters and unused land was reduced,in which the reduction trend of arable land and the expansion trend of construction land were similar;② Investigating from the conversion direction of land use types,grassland was mainly changed into woodlands,and then into farmland,construction land and waters;construction land and woodland was mainly from arable land;the change of area of woodland and waters was not significant,unused land was mainly from arable land,and some unused land in small area was changed into arable land;③ Through inputting the parameters which were combined with the results of Binary Logistic Regression,the application range of CA-Markov model was expanded,and the prediction of land use was improved to some degree;④ It was predicted that the area of construction land in the study area in 2020 would be expanded dramatically,especially in the surrounding regions of the original construction land,along the railways and highways,and in Sanyuan County of Qindu District,Xianyang City.


Detailed studies o[ islet cell [unction and glucose regulation were carried out in four boys with idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism to assess the relative importance of glucocorticoid and growth hormone deficiencies in the pathogenesis o[ hypoglycemia in this condition. Studies in each boy were done during a control period with no hormonal replacement and during three experimental regimens in which growth hormone alone, cortisone alone, and cortisone combined with growth hormone were administered. Combined cortisone-growth hormone therapy significantly raised blood sugar levels after overnight fasting and during lasting [or prolonged periods, delayed the rate of glucose removal, decreased sensitivity to exogenous insulin, and resulted in augmentation o[ plasma insulin responses to intravenous administration o[ glucose, leucine, and tolbutamide. Thus improved islet cell [unction was associated with normalization of glucose homeostasis. When given separately, growth hormone and cortisone had smaller and less consistent effects. These findings are consistent with the clinical observation that treatment o[ hypopituitary patients with cortisone or growth hormone alone is usually ineffective in controlling hypoglycemic attacks. The synergism between cortisone and growth hormone on glucose homeostasis contrasts sharply with the antagonism o[ cortisone to the anabolic and growth-promoting actions o[ growth hormone.


The article concerns experimental research on the durability of a viscotic disc-type clutch with an
electrorheological fluid. Viscotic clutches are currently used in the power transmission of multiple
machines. The development of the viscotic clutch design is possible due to the use of working fluids with
electrorheological properties, which renders it possible to control the drivetrain with the use of an electric
current. The durability of the clutches with electrorheological fluid is important in determining the possibility
of industrial use. On the basis of bench tests of a viscotic disc clutch, the article presents considerations
regarding the operating factors of the clutch. These factors considerably impact the durability of the clutch
and its components, including the working fluid.


This article proposes a domain adaptive learning framework based on physical model feedback for underwater image enhancement. Underwater image enhancement involves mapping from low-quality underwater images to their dewatered counterparts. Due to the lack of dewatered images as ground truth, most learning-based methods are trained using synthetic datasets. However, they usually ignored the domain gap between synthetic training data and real-world testing data, which seriously reduces the generalization ability of those models when testing on real underwater images. We solve the problem by embedding a domain adaptive mechanism in a learning framework to eliminate the domain gap. However, the basic formulation of a domain adaptive-based learning framework does not generate realistic images in color and details. Motivated by an observation that the estimated results should be consistent with the physical model of underwater imaging, we propose a physics constraint as a feedback controller so that it can guide the estimation of underwater image enhancement. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of the proposed framework.


Mitochondrial diseases is one of the common genetic metabolic diseases in children.The inheritance patterns are complex, both mendelian inheritance and mitochondrial maternal inheritance.Although the clinical feature is various and the diagnosis is difficult, but with the development of molecular biology, some clinical and genetic features in mitochondrial syndrome were gradually clear.This paper introduced the clinical feature and genetic characteristics in several common mitochondrial syndrome of children.

Key words:
Mitochondrial diseases; Inheritance; Child


Experiments that study engineering behavior in design often rely on participants responding to a given design prompt or a problem statement. Moreover, researchers often find themselves testing multiple variables with a relatively small participant pool. In such situations multiple design prompts may be used to boost replication by giving each participant an equivalent problem with a different experimental condition. This paper presents a systematic approach to compare given design prompts using a two-step process that allows an initial comparison of the prompts and a post-experiment verification of the similarity of the given prompts. Comparison metrics are provided which can be used to evaluate a level of similarity of existing prompts as well as develop similar problems. These metrics include complexity (size, coupling, and solvability), familiarity, and prompt structure. Statistical methods are discussed for post-experiment verification. Guidelines are provided for a post-experiment survey which may be used for an additional perspective of prompt similarity. The proposed approach is demonstrated using an experiment where two design prompts were used for within-subject replication.


The terms "sustainability" and "sustainable development" are now widely used in various fields of human activity. Such collocations as "sustainable universities", "sustainable companies", etc. are not rarely to be found. The use of this terminology has become particularly popular in the context of tangible climate change. For this reason, the concept of sustainable development has been used in rural development studies for quite a long time. In different countries of the world, using this concept for analyzing rural development has both positive and negative sides. In the Russian Federation, there are regulations ("rules of the game") and institutions ("players") that shape the institutional environment for sustainable rural development. In fact, sustainability and prosperity of rural areas in Russia, and in Siberian Federal District in particular, will depend on how the institutional environment is structured. This article attempts to describe the existing institutional environment for the sustainable development of rural areas. Analyzing existing legal acts and the key actors in the field, we have designed the institutional framework, which allows to determine the vector of development of rural areas. This vector can be used in forecasting the achievement of threshold values established by regulatory legal acts of both Federal and regional significance.


Most patients with GBM & an unmethylated O-6-methylguanine-DNA methylase (MGMT) gene promoter, have a poor prognosis with approximately 20% of patients surviving to 2 years. Poor prognosis is likely related to factors including a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME in GBM is mainly composed of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) & microglia. A subset of tumor-infiltrating macrophages characterized by expression of the angiopoietin receptor Tie2 (TEMs) have features of M2-TAMs, promote tumor angiogenesis & are infrequently found in normal organs. Tie2 is significantly upregulated upon homing to tumors. Gene therapy technology has allowed TEMs to be used as carriers for the local and tumor restricted release of interferon-α (IFN). IFN has antitumor effects, inhibits angiogenesis & modulates the immune system. Cell-based delivery of IFN into the TME by TEMs is expected to provide efficacy, taking advantage of pleiotropic anti-tumor effects & avoiding tolerability issues associated with systemic IFN treatment. We are currently conducting a Phase I/IIa clinical study in Milan (INCB & OSR) to evaluate this therapeutic approach (Temferon) in 21 patients with GBM & unmethylated MGMT promoter (EudraCT Number 2018-001404-11). Eligible patients are identified immediately after first surgical resection. After screening, harvesting of HSPCs occurs followed by 6 weeks of radiotherapy. Non-myeloablative conditioning consists of BCNU & thiotepa followed by administration of non-manipulated HSPCs and Temferon.

 In Part A of the study, 3 cohorts of 3 patients will receive escalating doses of Temferon. After Part A, a single dose of Temferon will be studied in a further 12 patients (Part B). Criteria for study eligibility are the same for both Part A and Part B. Part A is ongoing with the first 2 patients recruited (June 2019) and Temferon is scheduled for administration. An update on the status and progress of the study will be provided.


Dendritic cells(DCs)are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells, which play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of allergic asthma.It is currently believed that different lung DC subsets exist and play different roles in Th2 immunity in asthma.CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells (CD11b+ cDCs)are the major DC population, which are efficient in allergen uptake and can migrate to the draining lymph node, where they instruct Th2 cell differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells and prime Th2 immunity in asthma.However, the role of CD103+ conventional dendritic cells(CD103+ cDCs)in Th2 skewing in response to allergen exposure is still controversial, as CD103+ cDCs are reported to promote or inhibit Th2 immune responses.Plasmacytoid dendritic cell(pDCs)can promote airway tolerance, whereas monocyte-derived DCs(moDCs)are recruited to orchestrate the local inflammation through the production of cytokines and chemokines.Here we review the roles of lung DC subsets in Th2 immunity in asthma.

Key words:
Lung dendritic cells; Subsets; Asthma; Th2 immunity


In this paper, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a micro-scale electrostatic energy harvester based on microelectromechanical system technology. Sandwich structure with dual electrets was utilized, which can be fully packaged with optimal pressure control to reduce the energy loss from squeeze air damping. With out-of-the-plane gap closing scheme, the energy harvester mainly consists of two variable capacitors, and the overall size of the micro device is about 1.3 cm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times0.15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm. With dual electrets, the output power of the device can be increased to 1.5–2 times higher. With low damping effect at packaging pressure of 5 Pa, the normalized power density can be improved by about 2300 times. The device has been used to provide power supply for a battery-free wireless sensor network, and a temperature signal can be posted to internet every 265 s.


Recently, many joint deep clustering methods, which simultaneously learn latent embedding and predict clustering assignments through deep neural network, have received a lot of attention. Among these methods, KL divergence based clustering framework is one of the most popular branches. However, the clustering performances of these methods depend on an additional auxiliary target distribution. In this paper, we build a novel deep fuzzy clustering (DFC) network to learn discriminative and balanced assignment without the need of any auxiliary distribution. Specifically, we design an elaborate fuzzy clustering layer (FCL) to estimate more discriminative assignments, and utilize weighted intra-class variance (WIV) as clustering objective function to enhance the compactness of the learned embedding. Moreover, we propose extended mutual information (EMI) between input data and the corresponding clustering assignments as a regularization to achieve "fair" but "firm" assignment. Extensive experiments conducted on several datasets illustrate the superiority of the proposed approach comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.


The thermal expansion of a sample of Indian muscovite mica parallel to the cleavage plane has been investigated up to 400  C. employing the interferometric technique. The coefficients of expansion along the a and b axes and their temperature variations have been measured. At about 50° C. they have the  values of 8- I x10 6 and 7.5x 10 -6 respectively. They are found to vary anomalously in the temperature range from 150°C. to 250°C.


In much of the scholarship of distance learning, context is often subordinate to utopian arguments for the spatial and temporal benefits of online pedagogy. To argue unilaterally that distance learning is successful, or not successful, is to misunderstand the ways in which institutions, departments, individual faculty, and students deploy courses and programs. All online courses are not created alike. What is needed are more localized, situated examinations of distance learning within the scope of a particular institution, even a particular department, in order to gauge online learning's effects, and effectiveness, as a delivery mode of instruction. To understand these spaces more fully, it is important to evaluate the ways in which departments are technologizing their classrooms, their programs, their faculty, their courses, and thereby their institutions. My dissertation examines distance learning within a local, particular context: UCF's English department. In order to fully examine distance learning in this specific environment, I employ institutional critique as my methodology, a rhetorical and spatial approach that allows me to map distance learning within UCF's English department. Drawing upon the work of David Harvey, I examine the experienced, perceived, and imagined spaces of distance learning in our department. Through an examination of the history of naming UCF, rhetorical analyses of institutional documents that reference technologies, analysis of survey results noting faculty attitudes and perceptions of online learning, and


Aim To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of holmium laser resection for superficial bladder tumor after injection with distilled water under bladder mucous.Methods From November 2004 to April 2007,a total of 22 cases including 17 males and 5 females with superficial bladder tumour at clinical stage Ta toT1 and grade Ⅰto Ⅱwere involved in this study.All patients were injected by distilled water under bladder mucous membrane before holmium laser resection transurethrally.The age of patients ranged from 17 to 82 years,mean 66 years.Twelve patients had only one focus,but ten had 2 or 3.The diameter of tumours ranged from 0.3 to 2 centimeter.21 patients were diagnosed at frst time,but 1 was recurrence after TURBt.At the same time,25 cases underwent TURBt,the numbers of bladder perforation,postoperative recurrence were compared between the two groups.Results For HoLRBT group,the operating time ranged form 25 to 45 min,side effects such as uncontrollable bleeding and perforation of bladder were not found.22 cases were followed up from 3 to 24 months and tumor recurrence at original position was not found in all cases.The postoperative recurrence were not significantly different between the 2 groups(P0.05).Compared with electrocautery resection group,less cases had bladder perforation(P0.05).Conclusion To superficial bladder tumors,Holmium laser resection after injection with distilled water under bladder mucous membrane is a safe,effective and simple method.


Introduction: Poor proprioception and imbalance between quadriceps and hamstrings have been suggested as causes for anterior knee pain. The aim of our study was to compare the proprioception of patients with anterior knee pain to a normal population and to compare the activity of quadriceps and hamstrings using electromyography (EMG) in the 2 groups. Methods: Patients and controls between the ages 11–25 yrs were recruited into the study. The proprioception (stability index) of the patients and controls was tested using the Biodex stability system. This computerised system tests the ability of a person to balance his/her own body on a platform that moves in various directions. Surface EMG was recorded from the quadriceps and hamstrings during this test. EMG was also recorded as the patients and controls stepped onto a 20cm step. EMG activity was normalised to levels elicited during maximal isometric contractions. Results: 18 patients and 27 controls were recruited. We found no significant difference between the groups in the EMG intensity of vastus lateralis relative to biceps femoris, or vastus medialis relative to vastus lateralis, during the balance test or during the step up task (Mann Whitney U test all p>0.05). We did not find any difference in the proprioceptive abilities of the two groups Conclusion: We found no significant difference between the groups in the intensity of muscle contraction of the hamstrings relative to the quadriceps, i.e. no evidence for an imbalance in the patients. However the temporal relation between the two needs further investigation.


Electrodynamics is quantized without resort to subsidiary conditions. The quantization is carried out by identifying quantum commutators with the commutators of a classical transformation group related to the canonical transformations. The resulting theory is completely gauge invariant, and Maxwell's equations hold as operator equations. The quantization of both electromagnetic and electron fields is carried out in terms of gauge-invariant quantities. For the Dirac field the observables satisfy commutation relations. The anticommutation rules satisfied by the field variables must be deduced from the commutators of observables. The resulting theory is completely equivalent to the usual quantum electrodynamics. (auth)


Resources for HHS 200, the introductory course in Public Health which identifies and explores the theoretical and practical issues in public health, including the role of data for public health research. Sources of Public Health information (including statistical data) published by government agencies.


| Mixed parasitic infection is a challenging task in terms of diagnosis and therapy and unidentified cases may lead to life threatening situation in humans and animals causing zoonosis. Here author report a case of a four month old male large white Yorkshire pig with the history of inappetence and chronic diarrhoea which is hemorrhagic in nature at its lateral stages of illness. Clinical, faecal examination and Egg per gram (EPG) studies were done to identify the presence of parasites. Large numbers of motile Balantidium coli, motile Ascaris suum larva and Ascaris suum eggs were seen under microscopic examination. EPG studies showed high counts for Trichuris suis, and Ascaris suum. Hematology revealed anemia and leukocytosis. Medical management consisting of fluid therapy, anti parasites and supportive therapy were given and pig was recovered uneventfully two weeks of treatment.


Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are the most aggressive types of breast cancer, which lack the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and progesterone receptor (PR). TNBCs have a very poor prognosis and have few targeted therapy options. Therefore, the development of new TNBC treatment strategies is an urgent and unmet clinical need. Our previous studies have demonstrated that knockout of the SOX9 transcription factor decreased TNBC cell growth and tumor metastasis in vivo. Hypothesis: SOX9-binding proteins include upstream activators of this transcription factor which regulate SOX9 activity and control TNBC growth.
 Material and Methods: Immunoprecipitation (IP) in combination with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analysis was used to identify SOX9 binding proteins, with support from MD Anderson's proteomics core. The Mascot Score is a statistical score was used as the reference of targeted protein, and the data was summarized based on the Mascot Score. IP-Western Blotting analysis was used to confirm that the identified proteins bound SOX9 in TNBC cells. RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify SOX9 regulated genes in MDA MBA-231 and MDA MB-468 cells after SOX9 knockdown or in MCF-7 after SOX9 overexpression, with support from MD Anderson's genomic biostatistics core. We then treated TNBC cells with or without siRNAs of these identified proteins to evaluate their effect on SOX9-regulated gene expression and TNBC growth. Cell growth was measured using an automated cell counting assay. Protein and mRNA levels were examined by western blotting and qRT-PCR assays. SOX9 transcriptional activity was measured using a reporter gene activity assay, and qRT-PCR assay. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Statistical significance (p-values) was calculated using the Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated.
 Results: Using immunoprecipitation in combination with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analysis, we identified multiple SOX9 binding proteins. Among them, proteins that demonstrated high Mascot Scores include Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP), protein S100A10 (S100A10); Caveolin 1 (CAV1). Knockdown of each of these SOX9-binding proteins (VCP, S100A10, or CAV1) decreased TNBC cell growth in vitro. Using mRNA-Seq analysis, we next identified 38 genes down-regulated by SOX9 knockdown in TNBC cell lines, and up-regulated upon SOX9 overexpression in MCF-7 cells. Using these genes as markers of SOX9 transcriptional activity, all three of these SOX9-binding proteins regulate SOX9 activity. Thus, VCP, CAV1, and S100A10 all are potential upstream proteins of SOX9 that can be targeted to inhibit TNBC growth.
 Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that VCP, S100A10, and CAV1, are SOX9-binding proteins that regulate SOX9 activity and control TNBC cell growth.
 Implications: These proteins represent potential targets for the treatment of TNBCs.
 Citation Format: Yanxia Ma, David H. Hawke, Ganiraju Manyam, Wenyi Wang, Abhijit Mazumdar, Powel Brown. SOX9-binding proteins regulate SOX9 activity to control the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2368.


Objective Discussion on 1 using insulin Pen injection of insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus health education methods.Methods On 22 patients admitted to hospital in a timely manner as questionnaires for problem patients in the hospital a purposeful,systematic,targeted health education and education includes basic knowledge of diabetes education,using Use insulin pens in education,education when injected insulin,before discharge of education.Results Through health education for 22 patients through examination,eligibility ratio(100%),Diabetes awareness by 45% rose to 89%,insulin injection notes by 56% Up to 91%.Conclusion Nursing staff on 1 diabetes use insulin injection in patients with pancreatic islet health education is of great significance,improves patients' quality of life,while nurses' quality has been improved.


Background: Health-care-associated infections are a major threat to the safety of patient care. Control of such problem is a major criterion for hospital accreditation. This study was aimed to determine the developing use of chemical (class 6 products) and biological indicators in Tabriz district hospitals since 1997 to 2011. Methods: We conducted this time-trend interventional study with all of the public and private hospitals, which counted to 21 in Tabriz district as a sample. The situations of indicator use were presented for each time in the base of indicator groups. Furthermore, the results were showed in the base of hospital groups. Results: All of district hospital (n=21) with 74 autoclave machine and 22 central sterilization room were studied. The result of second time study in 2008 showed a markedly improvement in the control of sterilization processes. Furthermore, we continued our intervention results 6 month later in 2009 and 2 years later in 2011. The most striking result were use of chemical indicator in 100% of hospitals. However, there are defects in the use of biological indicators (63.65%). Conclusion: The most obvious finding was significant improvement in sterilization control especially in development the use of chemical indicators. The finding of this study has a number of important implications for hospital managers and infection control practitioners such as continuous practical training of CSSD personnel in hospitals and mandating of indicator using in all sterilization process with controlling of this subject in evaluation and accreditation of hospital programs.


The sorting of biological cells using biological micro-electromechanical systems (BioMEMS) is of utmost importance in various biomedical applications. Here, we consider a new type of devices featuring surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuated cell sorting in microfluidic separation channels. The SAWs are generated by an interdigital transducer (IDT) and manipulate the fluid flow such that cells of different type leave the channel through designated outflow boundaries. The operation of the device can be formulated as an optimal control problem where the objective functional is of tracking type, the state equations describe the fluid-structure interaction between the carrier fluid and the cells, and the control is the electric power applied to the IDT. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 65K10 ; Secondary 49M05, 74F10.


Adaptive implementation is important for implementing projects that are complex and dynamic. The two cases chosen in this article are longer - term, integrated and multi - purpose projects where adaptive implementation is part of a modern approach to water management. This article provides the results of an analysis of two stream restoration cases, one in Canada and the other in the Netherlands. The cases are used to identify strategies for implementation of projects that attempt to improve the natural diversity and resilience of watersheds. When transferring lessons of water management from one context to another, it is however very important to understand the characteristics of the involved actors and the setting within they are working. This paper thus provides an explanation of the various strategies that were seen as being supportive of implementation in both cases. Being aware and open to opportunities to advance particular goals, including new ideas and actors into the implementation processes and being flexible with respect to typical planning processes were all found to be supportive strategies in achieving their local stream restoration goals


The synthesis and characterization of novel polyimides obtained by Diels–Alder reaction of bis-pyrones and bismaleimides are studied. The present cycloadducts contain CO2 bridges, which can be eliminated by subsequent heat treatment, thereby generating stable aromatic systems. The CO2 released acts as blowing agent, leading to porous structures that are in high demand in the manufacture of heat-resistant foams. However, in this type of material, one should always seek a good compromise between the temperatures of polymerization and decarboxylation of early degradation. All polymers are analyzed with 13C-, solid-state NMR and coupling ATG/IR. The studies of their thermal behaviour, examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis, show that these polyimides have a good thermal stability and are mainly amorphous.


Text of the campaign speech given by John J. Herrera on behalf of C. V. "Buster" Kern, who is running for Sheriff of Harris County.


The sum of individual estimates (SIE) and the overall maximum estimate (OME) are two methods recommended to estimate the influence of impurities on the temperatures of the liquid–solid phase transformations of high-purity substances. The methods are discussed starting with the basic crystallographic facts, and their application is demonstrated in detail by applying them to the freezing point of tin as a first example. The SIE method leads to a temperature correction with a corresponding uncertainty while the OME method yields only an uncertainty that is, perhaps not unexpectedly, larger than that of the SIE approach. The necessary sensitivity coefficients (derivatives of the liquidus lines) are tabulated, together with the equilibrium distribution coefficients. Other than the necessity of obtaining a complete elemental analysis of the fixed-point material using glow discharge mass spectrometry (or other suitable techniques), there remain no technical barriers to adopting the preferred SIE method. While the use of the method, and particularly the application of a temperature correction to account for the impurity influence, requires a paradigm shift within the thermometry community, improved interoperability and harmonization of approach are highly desirable goals. The SIE approach maximizes the application of scientific knowledge and represents the best chance of achieving these common goals.


K 2 FeO 4 as a cathode is 30% lighter than the equivalent Fe(VI) salt BaFeO 4 , but had exhibited poor nonaqueous charge transfer compared to the latter. Stepwise effects improving BaFeO 4 cathodic charge transfer were probed and then applied to substantially increase the observed K 2 FeO 4 cathode capacity to beyond that of BaFeO 4 . In addition the potassium salt will not have environmental regulatory issues associated with the barium salt. BaFeO 4 capacity increased from 28, 84, 113 to 241 mAh g -1 when the solvent for 1 M LiClO 4 electrolyte was changed from acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate-diethylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone to propylene carbonate-dimethoxyethane (PC-DME), respectively. LiClO 4 replacement in PC-DME, yields 247 or 260 mAh g -1 with 1 M LiBF 4 or LiPF 6 . Polarization was 0.6, 3.0 or 5.7 mV μA -1 cm 2 in Lil, LiBF 4 , or LiPF 6 . Carbon black enhanced Fe(VI) charge transfer compared to alternate conductors. With a threefold particle size decrease, the specific capacity increased from 241 to 290 at 25°C, and to 298 mAh g -1 at 50°C. Through proper selection of electrolytes, use of carbon black as the conductor, reduction of cathode particle size, and moderate increase of temperature (from 25 to 40°C), the cathodic charge transfer of Fe(VI) in nonaqueous electrolyte is enhanced, resulting in an increase of K 2 FeO 4 specific capacity from 290 to 370 mAh g -1 . Cocathodes comprised of K 2 FeO 4 and MnO 2 exhibited high storage capacity.


Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology can bring substantial throughput improvement in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) via a combination of interference suppression and spatial multiplexing. In this paper, we investigate a cross‐layer design problem in MIMO‐based WMNs, which involves end‐to‐end rate allocation, routing, and stream control scheduling. Scheduling is addressed by using a set of transmission configurations (TCs), and a greedy heuristic algorithm is proposed to identify a good subset of all possible TCs. We define three optimization problems to find the maximum throughput, max–min fair and proportional fair rate allocation solutions. We propose a cross‐layer scheme to solve these problems. We also discuss how the proposed cross‐layer scheme can be implemented on the basis of the IEEE 802.16 mesh mode. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed schemes with the heuristic algorithm is close to the optimal. The computational complexity of obtaining the solution using the proposed heuristic algorithm is substantially less than that of finding the optimal solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


[Solution] The information processing device comprises: a storage unit which stores the number of electronic coupons that have been distributed and the number that have been used, the electronic coupons specifying benefits provided to a user in respect of a purchase of a specific product; a coupon distributing unit which distributes the electronic coupons to a user terminal in response to a request from the user terminal; and a coupon maintenance unit which calculates from the number distributed and the number used, stored in the storage unit, information relating to a rate of usage of the electronic coupons, and updates the benefits of the electronic coupon on the basis of this information.


This paper presents interval type-2 fuzzy-based sampled-data controller for nonlinear systems using novel fuzzy Lyapunov functional. To do this, a type-2 fuzzy model is adapted for the nonlinear systems and a type-2 fuzzy-based sampled-data controller is designed. Based on the novel time-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with membership functions, the sufficient conditions are derived to stabilize the proposed closed-loop system. The stabilization conditions are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, in the numerical section, the proposed method is validated with nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous motors model which is formulated for reflecting the characteristics of the wind turbine. Besides that, we demonstrate the superiority of the derived sufficient conditions through the comparison with existing methods.