The classification of and distance to the nova V475 Scuti (Nova 2003) are determined. This paper reports that the nova type for V475 Sct is determined to be a slow Fe II nova at a distance of 2 ± 0.6 kpc (approximately 6500 ly). 1. History of the discovery of the nova V475 Sct V475 Sct (Nova Scuti 2003) was discovered on 28.58 August 2003 UT by Hideo Nishimura of Kakegawa, Shizuoka-ken, Japan (Green 2003). The position of the nova was reported as R.A. 18 49 38 Dec. −9° 33' 45'' J2000. The discovery magnitude was reported as V = 8.5. The progenitor star is documented in the USNO A2.0 Catalog as USNO-A2.0 0750-148 33804 with magnitudes of B = 17.2, R = 16.4 (Monet et al. 1998). There is no documentation of variability in this progenitor star. It is widely accepted that novae are close binary stars. The interested reader is encouraged to consult Hellier for a more detailed treatment of novae (Hellier 2001). 2. Description of the equipment used for the observations The telescope used in this study is a 0.36m Schmidt-Cassegrain that is housed in a permanent observatory. For this project, the telescope was operated at f/11. The instrumentation used for photometry and spectroscopy was placed at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The camera is an SBIG ST-10XME CCD camera that uses a Kodak KAF3200ME detector. The photometric filters conform to the Johnson-Cousins spectral set and were supplied by Schuler Astro-Imaging (Schuler 2002). Photometric reduction was accomplished using AIP4Win v1.4.25 (Berry 2000). All images were processed using dark and flat field frames. The spectrometer is a Model SGS spectrometer manufactured by Santa Barbara Instrument Group. The instrument was operated in low-resolution mode yielding 10A per pixel. The spectroscopic data were reduced using the windows based spectra (v1.2) software, supplied with the spectrophotometer. 3. Spectrometric data results 3.1. Dominant spectral features Figure 1 shows four spectra of V475 Sct taken by the author over a 38-day period. The most prominent feature of these spectra is the Hα peak located at 6563A. Starkey, JAAVSO Volume 34, 2005 37 This peak is caused by the recombination of the ionized hydrogen into the nova ejecta. Notice that as time progresses the width of the Hα peak increases slightly. The importance of this observation will be addressed later in the paper. The first spectrum was taken twelve days after maximum brightness and clearly shows the development of Fe II peaks at 4900 A and 5250. These peaks slowly recede in intensity over the following 38 days. 3.2. Determining the nova's rate of expansion The rate of expansion of the nova is a key indicator when determining the nova type and is measured by determining FWHM of the Hα peak. The faster the expansion rate, the wider the Hα peak becomes. The velocity, v, of the expanding nova can be calculated using the Doppler Law, shown in equation 1: v = ∆λ c / λ 0 (1) where ∆λ equals the FWHM of the Hα peak, c = the speed of light in a vacuum, and λ 0 equals the wavelength of the Hα line at rest. Figure 2 illustrates the progressive widening of the Hα FWHM peak and the calculated rate of expansion. Four determinations were made of the expansion rate of V475 Sct. The maximum expansion rate of 1882 km/sec was observed on October 19, 2003, at 0217 UT. 4. Photometric data results 4.1. Determining t 0 and t 2 The point of maximum brightness and the point at which the nova has decreased by two V-band magnitudes of brightness are t 0 and t 2 , respectively. Figure 3 shows the light curve in the V-band for the nova V475 Sct. The time frame covered is from before the t 0 point and until 65 days after the t 0 point. Table 1 shows the sources for this data. For calibration purposes, the author used a photometric sequence for V475 Sct provided by the U.S. Naval Observatory (Henden 2003). 4.2. Estimating the distance to the nova Della Valle and Livio (1995) have calibrated a relationship for novae between the absolute magnitude at maximum (t 0 ) and the rate of decline in luminosity. The faster is the decline of the nova the brighter is its peak luminosity. Thus, it is possible to determine the absolute magnitude at maximum of a nova by measuring its rate of decline. Once the apparent magnitude at maximum has been measured, the difference in the absolute and apparent magnitude yields the distance to the nova. Della Valle and Livio developed a formula to determine the distance to a nova as a function of the time that it takes for the nova to decrease in brightness by two apparent magnitudes from its maximum value: M v = −7.92 − 0.81 arctan {(1.32–log (t 2 ) ) / 0.23} , (2) Starkey, JAAVSO Volume 34, 2005 38 where M v equals the absolute V-band magnitude of the nova, t 2 is the time in days for the nova to drop exactly two magnitudes in brightness in the V-band, and the value of the arctangent is in radians. In the case of V475 Sct, the t 2 time was 25 days. Therefore, the absolute V magnitude of the nova is calculated to be −7.66. Once the absolute magnitude of the nova has been determined, the distance to the nova can be calculated by using the distance modulus formula, m v − M v = 5 log (D) − 5 + A v , (3) where m v equals the apparent or observed magnitude of V475 Sct at maximum, D equals the distance to the nova in pc, and A v is the total galactic absorption of the light path to the nova in V-band magnitudes. The total galactic absorption can be determined by: A v = a v × D, (4) where a v is the galactic absorption factor of 1.9 V mags/kpc. The nova reached a peak magnitude m v = 8.0 on JD 2452884.4. The factor for V-band galactic absorption was determined from the NED Coordinate and Extinction Calculator and determined to be 1.9 V magnitudes kpc (Schlegel 1998). The distance modulus equation is solved until the ratio between A v and D is 1.9. The D value that fits the equation for V474 Sct is 2.1 kpc or ~6800 ly. The dispersion of the relationship reported above (equation 2) suggests that this distance is affected by an uncertainty on the order of 20−30 percent. 5. Nova classification Typical novae are classified as "Fast" or "Slow." The difference is that fast novae reach their t 2 point in less than 12 days, while slow novae show a t 2 point of greater than 12 days (Della Valle and Livio 1998). In addition, fast novae tend to have high luminosities at maximum, which correspond to M v of −9. The progenitors of these novae tend to lie close to the galactic plane (within about 100 pc) and come from a relatively young disk star population. The stronger spectral lines tend to possess flat, jagged maxima. Williams reports that fast novae tend to have broad peaks with expansion velocities extending to 5000 km/sec in spectra taken early after t 0 (Williams 1992). Slow novae tend to have maximum M v of less than −7.5 and have a FeII spectroscopic classification, meaning that FeII lines are common and strong when compared to the fast novae spectra. The novae also tend to lie farther from the galactic plane (more than 1000 pc). Williams reports that slow novae tend to have narrow peaks with expansion velocities seldom above 2500 km/sec in early spectra. Starkey, JAAVSO Volume 34, 2005 39


An engineering design of an epithermal neutron generator for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been completed, which utilizes the spallation reaction by protons accelerated to 50 MeV. The critical issues for realization of the neutron generator are the mechanical structure of a target with cooling capability and its integrity under operating conditions with powers as high as 50 MeV × 300 μA. The integrity of a target structure design has been confirmed by thermal and stress analyses with a finite element method code ANSYS. Moreover, a target replacement strategy is also studied based on a radioactivity evaluation performed by the IRACM code system. In addition to the target structure design, the neutronics design has been optimized with the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. A high epithermal neutron flux of 1.8×109 cm−2.s−1 has been achieved at the aperture of the collimator, which allows a RBE dose of over 30 Gy-eq to be delivered to a brain tumor within 5.9 cm in phantom depth for a therapeutic time of 31 min.


The paper examines the determinants and performance consequences of equity grants to senior-level executives, lower-level managers, and non-exempt employees of "new economy" firms. We find that many of the equity grant determinants and their relative importance vary significantly between new and old economy firms. In addition, we find that employee retention objectives, which new economy firms rank as the most important goal of their equity grant programs, have a significant impact on new hire grants, but not on annual, ongoing grants. Our exploratory performance tests indicate that lower than expected option grants and/or existing option holdings are associated with lower accounting and stock price performance in subsequent years. However, we find that greater than expected option and equity grants and holdings have little consistent association with future performance.


Steam power plant (1) comprising a boiler (3) for generating steam (D), at least one turbine (5), a capacitor (7) connected on the steam side after the turbine (5 ) a condensate line (13) for feedback of the condensate (K) to the boiler (3) and a preheating device (15) connected in the condensate line for preheating condensate (K), having a number of heat exchangers (23A, B), wherein a bypass duct (17) surrounding the preheating (15), so that the preheating (15) can only be driven with a first is provided substream (K1) of the condensate (K), characterized in that in parallel with the preheating device (15) a bypass duct (27) which can be activated via a fitting quick closure (25) is connected and that the quick closing valves (25) is dispue sta in the direction of flow of the condensate (K) after derivatization of the bypass duct (17).


In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su-shi and Huang Tingjian etc. wrote Ci as a form of poetry. This is a reaction to the traditional trammel of Ci. More importantly, this is a guide to the transition from Ci to poetry. This paper elucidates the emergence of this phenomenon and its time limited efficacy.


ures. This juxtaposition provides a more complex vision of the intricacies that race contributes to Caribbean societies. Williams carefully untangles the ideological constructs of race throughout the two centuries and explains the differentiating factors between the negrismo and mulatez projects. In order to understand these politically charged literary movements, she traces the development of the figure of the discernible but invisible "black" woman as opposed to the "beautiful" mulata. Williams divides their representations into four categories that often overlap. In the first, she examines physical and racial characteristics. In the second, the emphasis is on sexuality, followed by a third category in which the mulata becomes the unifying icon of the Caribbean because she embodies the synthesis of the European and the African. The last category, and one mostly undertaken by women writers, moves away from the notion of the woman of color as the object representing the unity of the Caribbean. They are now subjects with their own voices and a place outside the fields, the closet, the kitchen, or the dance floor—spaces to which they had been relegated by male ideology, regardless of the authors' race. Given the evolving nature of literature, an author, such as Nicolás Guillén, will illustrate multiple categories. Williams's interpretations are very incisive close readings that deconstruct the subtle imposition of stereotypes. The discourse often pretends to be undoing a perception but unwittingly falls into the trap of placing the black woman as a deviation from white aesthetic norm. Her analysis poses the following dilemma: Can a Caribbean author achieve a positive view of women of African descent while using European rhetorical models? Literature echoes the political debates pretending to project a unified society through the mulata as representative of the plurality of races while guarding against the "perceived danger of overemphasis on the African element [. . .] which would lead to the exclusion of whites" (90). Williams has done most of the translations, but given the nuances in the language used to depict color, it would have been worthwhile to include the originals in Spanish. Her critical contribution to the scholarship of the r egion, especially the oft-neglected Spanish component is mostly welcomed. A salient and remarkable aspect of her study is that she places it within the larger Caribbean context by providing parallel and contrasting examples from the anglophones as well as the francophone neighbors. —Mary Ann Gosser Esquilín


This paper discusses the role of the degree of capillary saturation in modelling the coupled hydromechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and proposes a new constitutive model for unsaturated soils by using the degree of capillary saturation and the effective inter-particle stress. In the proposed constitutive model, the shear strength, yield stress and deformation behaviour of unsaturated soils are governed directly by the above two constitutive variables. The model is then validated against a variety of experimental data in the literature, and the results show that a reasonable agreement can be obtained using this new constitutive model.


This paper describes preparation of glasses by melt quench method and experimental techniques employed in the characterization of glasses. Characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); thermal, UV analysis, microhardness and dielectric studies and fluorescence spectroscopy etc. is described in detail. In addition, thermal poling and Z-scan technique experimental methods are discussed in this paper.


Abstract In 2006 Western Australia passed legislation that introduced a system to check criminal records and issue permits to those who wish to work with children. In 2007, the legislation was described by the minister responsible as a "powerful system that would prevent harm to children". This paper explores that system and identifies limits to its effectiveness. The paper concluded that unless the system's limits are fully appreciated there is a possibility of a paradoxical outcome, whereby children's lives will be less safe. It also raises the question of whether in the area of record checking a national approach is not preferable to each state and territory developing its own system.


We introduce two Schrodinger operators of compact space-like hypersurfaces in a de Sitter space. If the hypersurfaces have constant mean curvature or constant scalar curvature, we obtain some spectral characterisations of totally umbilical space-like hypersurfaces by the first eigenvalue of the Schrodinger operators.

 References H. Alencar and M. do Carmo, Hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in spheres, Pro. of the Amer. Math. Soc., 120(4) (1994), 1223--1229. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2160241 H. Alencar, M. do Carmo and A. G. Colares, Stable hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature, Math. Z., 213 (1993), 117--131. doi:10.1007/BF03025712 L. J. Alias, A. Barros, and A. Jr. Brasil, A spectral characterization of $H(r)$-torus by the first stability eigenvalue, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 133 (2005), 875--884. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-04-07559-8 J. L. Barbosa, M. do Carmo and J. Eschenburg, Stability of hypersurfaces of constant mean curvature in Riemannian manifolds, Math. Z., 197 (1988), 123--138. doi:10.1007/BF01161634 J. L. Barbosa and V. Oliker, Stable space-like hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in Lorentz space, Geometry and global Analysis, Tohoku Univ., Sendai, (1993), 161--164. J. L. Barbosa and V. Oliker, Space-like hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in Lorentz space, Mat. Contemp., 4 (1993), 27--44. A. Brasil. Jr, A. G. Colares and O. Palmas, Complete space-like hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in the de Sitter space: A gap Theorem. Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 47 (2003), 847--866. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1258138197 A. A. Barros, A. C. Brasil Jr. and L. A. M. Sousa Jr., A new characterization of submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector in $S^{n+p}$, Kodai Math. J., 27 (2004), 45--56. doi:10.2996/kmj/1085143788 Q.-M. Cheng, First eigenvalue of a Jacobi operator of hypersurfaces with a constant scalar curvature, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 136 (2008), 3309--3318. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-08-09304-0 Q.-M. Cheng and S. Ishikawa, Space-like hypersurfaces in de Sitter spaces with constant scalar curvature, Manuscripta Math., 95 (1998), 499--505. doi:10.1007/BF02678045 S. Y. Cheng and S. T. Yau, Hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature, Math. Ann., 225 (1977), 195--204. doi:10.1007/BF01425237 X. Liu and J. Deng, Stable space-like hypersurfaces in the de Sitter space, Archivum Math. (Brno) , 40(2004), 111--117. http://dml.cz/dmlcz/107895 X. Liu, Complete space-like hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature, Manuscripta Math., 105 (2001), 367--377. doi:10.1007/s002290100187 M. Okumura, Hypersurfaces and a pinching problem on the second fundamental tensor, Amer. J. Math., 96 (1974), 207--213. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2373587 S. C. Shu and S. Y. Liu, Complete space-like submanifolds with constant scalar curvature in a de Sitter space, Balkan J. of Geomety and its Appli., 9 (2004), 82--91. C. Wu, New characterizations of the Clifford tori and the Veronese surface, Arch. Math., 61 (1993), 277--284. doi:10.1007/BF01198725


Global processes with flows in money, commodities and people have made it increasingly varied and blurred what it means to be a female or male in Asia today. Socio-economic and cultural patterns in ...


Wiener-typed nonlinear systems with hard input constraints are ubiquitous in industrial processes. However, owing to their complex structures, there are very few achievements on their control algorithm. Aimed at this problem, an improved dual-mode control algorithm is put forward. Firstly, the detailed procedure of this algorithm is proposed. Then, its feasibility, stability and convergence are analyzed by using the invariant set theory combined with LMI (linear matrix inequalities) technique . In contrast to traditional algorithms, this one has the capabilities of maximizing the size of the closed-loop stable region and decreasing the online computational burden. Finally, the proposed algorithm is performed by simulations with promising results


Extracted from text ... Book review - Boekresensie
Comprehensive reports on technical items presented to the International
Committee or to Regional Commissions 1996
1996. Office International des ?pizooties, 345 pp. Price: FrF 150, US$ 30. ISBN 92 9044 424 X.
This collection of reports includes chapters on the following
subjects of veterinary interest: genetic biotechnology; aspects of
health control in the movement of animal product, including the
Office International des ?pizooties recommendations and
procedures for complying with the requirements set by the
World Trade Organization (WTO), the role of risk analysis in
regionalisation, and the effect of infrastructures on surveillance;
the role of ..


In this paper a comparison between many types of moving object detection methods is presented, one of these used methods is proposed depending on a combination between many detection methods with many enhancements. A novel method is proposed depended on a combination between one of the previous method with some enhancement and the edges technique. All of these methods are applied to detect three types of objects their movement. The objects are moved through a conveyer belt, thus these movements have a known speed and direction. The objects have to be griped and moved to a known location using a robot arm. The most important issue here is how to detect the objects according to their details in order to grip and move them to other location in a real time; the processing time, the robot movement time inside the images capturing time must be adjacent to zero, Thus it is important to apply many well methods over the same environment for the same types of objects to compare between the methods and select the best one to be used according to the time and the detection accuracy. The objects are detected by a stationary camera mounted with the conveyer belt, it is used to see any changes happened inside the used conveyer, thus a real


An assembled building top comprises a plurality of support beams arranged at intervals, which is characterized in that an assembled floor board is included, wherein, the assembled floor board comprises a sound-proof temperature preservation board with a plenty of concave slots in upper portion, a steel bar concrete plate of wave slot shape arranged at the upper side of the sound-proof temperature preservation board and matching with the concave slot and a fire-proof and crack-proof protection layer arranged on the downside of the sound-proof temperature preservation board, wherein, the poured steel bar concrete plate forms a whole with the support beam. The assembled building top can effectively reduce height of the beam, increase height of pure layer, increase the using space, increase the floor span, reduce the distribution of secondary beam, reduce the fire-proof area of steel beam and improve the sound-proof temperature keeping capability of floor without press type steel plate and hang top, thereby greatly reducing construction cost and improving building quality and speed.


ABSTRACT This paper reports the development of fully integrated software for the optimal directional overcurrent relay coordination of interconnected power systems. Different software packages like load flow analysis, fault analysis, determination of backup/primary relay pairs, main relay coordination program, etc. have been integrated. The program could be run as an interactive package or as an off-line package, depending upon the choice of the user. The information needed for the coordination is stored and used by the software. No data base management packages are needed to manage huge data generated by the program. The software uses an efficient method to generate, store and retrieve the data as per the requirements of the coordination. In the Interactive mode, the information about the coordination time interval, range of the relay settings, limits to the maximum and minimum time of operation of the relays, etc., are supplied. All other relevant data needed for coordination are generated by the softwa...


An apparatus for chemical bath deposition includes a housing defining a chemical tank, a circulation pipe, and at least one flow adjustment device disposed inside the chemical tank. The chemical tank has an opening on a top surface and is configured to accept and hold at least one substrate inside the chemical tank. The circulation pipe has at least one portion inside the chemical tank, and is configured to supply at least one chemical to the chemical tank. The at least one flowing adjustment device includes any one of a turbine, a diffuser and a bubbler, or a combination thereof.


The demand for more precise positioning method using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) in Indonesia continue to rise. The accuracy of GNSS positioning depends on the length of baseline and the distribution of observed satellites. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a positioning system owned by China that operating in Asia-Pacific region, including Indonesia. This research aims to find out the contribution of BDS in increasing the accuracy of long baseline static positioning in Indonesia. The contributions are assessed by comparing the accuracy of measurement using only GPS (Global Positioning System) and measurement using the combination of GPS and BDS. The data used is 5 days of GPS and BDS measurement data for baseline with 120 km in length. The software used is open-source RTKLIB and commercial software Compass Solution. This research will explain in detail the contribution of BDS to the accuracy of position in long baseline static GNSS measurement.


The next two chapters provide a framework for the study of retrenchment, setting the stage for a detailed examination of the Reagan and Thatcher records. To be persuasive, accounts of welfare state change must combine microscopic and macroscopic analysis. They must consider both the goals and incentives of the central political actors and how the institutional rules of the game and the distribution of political resources structure their choices. This chapter outlines the peculiar nature of retrenchment as a political project. For politicians eager to win reelection, seeking cutbacks in social programs raises considerable risks. Such cutbacks impose concentrated costs in return for diffuse benefits, and there is substantial reason to believe that concentrated interests possess marked advantages in political conflicts. To make matters even more difficult, retrenchment advocates must contend with an imbalance in voters' reactions to losses and gains; transfers of resources tend to induce more resentment from losers than gratitude from winners. An understanding of retrenchment politics must start from an appreciation of this distinctive political problem. This chapter will focus on the nature of this distinctiveness and the strategic options available to retrenchment advocates that may make their problems more tractable. The following chapter will consider how the broader context – patterns of interest-group representation, institutional structures, and preexisting policy designs – influences the prospects for implementing these strategies. As a preface, however, I discuss the concept of retrenchment itself. This is crucial, because fuzzy conceptions of retrenchment have encouraged confusion about exactly what has happened to these welfare states.


Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, biological, and molecular characteristics at diagnosis in children and adolescents with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the Indian scenario at our tertiary patient care center. Subjects and Methods: We evaluated 51 children and adolescents with CML registered at our clinic, from January 2007 to December 2015. The mean and median of various parameters were calculated using a Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16. Results: The median age of presentation in children was 16 years; 92.2% of them were older than 10 years, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls (gender ratio 2.6:1). The symptoms at presentation were fatigue, fever, awareness of mass due to splenomegaly, and bleeding manifestations. One patient presented with Bell's palsy. Markedly raised leukocyte counts were present in 29.4% patients (median white blood cell count >400 × 109/L). Most of the patients presented in the chronic phase of the disease, four each were in accelerated phase and blast crisis, respectively. Majority of patients were categorized as intermediate risk as per Sokal and Hansford score. About 60.7% of these pediatric patients fell in low-risk category as per European Treatment and Outcome Study score at baseline. A predominance of transcript P210-b3a2 (68%) was observed in the children who were studied for the type of chimeric BCR-ABL mRNA. Conclusions: This is one of the most recent reported series of CML in children and adolescents from India highlighting the difference in presentation from adults; mainly hepatomegaly, bleeding manifestations, and higher leukocyte count. Presence of b3a3 transcript of p210 breakpoint of BCR-ABL was more common in children (68%) than b2a2 transcript (32%) when compared to adults as recently described in a study from India, which may explain the differences at presentation.


The unusual inertness of PIII cyclic esters of phosphorous phosphoric anhydride towards protic acids is discussed in the light of Hudson's concept of steric retardation on quaternisation.


Fusion strategy of multi-resolution image is the key to enhance the quality of integration image. The most commonlyused strategies are not directly consider the image texture information. According to GLCM can reflect the characteristics ofgrain roughness and direction accurately,this paper proposed a fusion strategy of multi-resolution image which combined withGLCM. First, it calculated the GLCM of the low and high frequency part of the multi-resolution image. Then the energy of thelow-frequency GLCM and the contrast of the high-frequency GLCM corresponded as activity measure for image fusion to selectethe low and high frequency coefficients. Experiments show that compared to the current common fusion strategy, the proposedmethod can make fusion effect better through subjective sensory and objective evaluation.


Semiarid rivers are often characterized by chains of small pools connected by riffles and wet meadows. The pools can be maintained by wet season surface runoff, groundwater discharge, or some combination thereof. Using synoptic surveys for several environmental tracers (δD and δ18O of H2O, specific electrical conductance at 25°C [EC], chloride and 222Rn), we evaluated the groundwater—surface water connectivity of the Light River (South Australia) along an 8 km section in the vicinity of a proposed mining development. In all three surveys (representing spring, summer and winter conditions), the pools were maintained by regional groundwater discharge based on an elevated surface water EC (9–12 dS m−1) similar to regional groundwater, elevated radon‐222 activities (0.09–3.0 Bq L−1) and low rainfall. Most pools were perennial, either because they directly received groundwater discharge or, indirectly, had an inflow originating from upstream groundwater‐fed pools. The elevated salinity of regional groundwater is a key factor for the maintenance of perennial pools in the Light River because the potential for baseflow depletion by groundwater pumping is more limited.


【Objective】 The present study is to detect the effect of selenite on Cordyceps colony morphology,sub-seat production and sub-seat selenium content,aiming at providing the basis of development of industrialization of the selenium enriched Cordyceps.【Method】 We used Cordyceps militaris(CM-003) as the experiment material to study the influence of sodium selenite with different concentrations(0,50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400 and 450 mg/L) on Cordyceps militaris colonies morphology via plate medium method.Meanwhile,we also detected the influence of sodium selenite with different concentrations(0,50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L) on Cordyceps growth,sub-seat production and the selenium content of the sub-seat by the conventional bottle hydroponics.The function relation between selenium sodium concentration in the cultivation nutrient solution and growth score,sub-seat output and the selenium content of the Cordyceps stroma was fitted.【Result】 On the plate medium,Cordyceps militaris colony grew normally when treated with sodium selenite of less than 100 mg/L;The colonies diameter varied small scale Cordyceps militaris grew slowly when treated with sodium selenite of 450 mg/L.As sodium selenite mass concentration increased,cordyceps militaris growth score,sub-seat output increased,then decreased gradually using conventional cultivation method of Cordyceps militaris.The selenium content of the Cordyceps stroma trended to increase.Fitting equation shows,Cordyceps militaris grew best when treated with sodium selenite of 28.2 mg/L during artificial cultivation.Cordyceps militaris sub-seat output reached the upmost level when treated with sodium selenite of 58.17 mg/L;the sub-seat selenite reached 92.68 mg/kg,and tended to be stabilized when treated with sodium selenite of 200 mg/L.【Conclusion】 Cordyceps has a valid adaptive ability,and is good at absorbing selenium,implying it could be used as an excellent carrier for producing selenium enriched food.


Excerpt Group psychotherapy is not a new method of treating social and mental maladjustment. Those who were distressed of spirit and were comforted by Christ, Confucius and other great teachers wer...


The Extra Large Orifice (ELO) sprinkler was developed for use in lieu of standard, ½ in. (12.7 mm) and 17/32 in. (13.5 m) orifice, sprinklers, particularly for protection of high piled storage in warehouses. Because of the ELO sprinkler's large, nominal 0.64 in. (16.3 mm) orifice, less pressure is required to achieve a given discharge density. Reduced pressures can be helpful in compensating for weak water supplies and thereby may eliminate the need for in-rack sprinklers, pumps and/or on-site water storage. A research program was developed to provide a performance-based evaluation, using full-scale fire testing, to verify the ELO sprinkler's effectiveness. Data from duplicate tests conducted with standard sprinklers and the first ELO model demonstrate improved performance with the ELO. A comparison of test data from subsequent models shows similar results.


This article uses Ara Toi Ōtepoti – Our Creative Future – Dunedin Arts and Culture Strategy 2015 as a case study of the challenges of participatory governance. As the strategy was co-created by local arts lobby group Transforming Dunedin and the Dunedin City Council, an examination of its development provides an insight into some of the challenges community groups and local councils face when working together in co-design approaches to policy-making. The discussion focuses on key challenges encountered, which centred on differing understandings of what the term "partnership" actually entails. In response, it concludes by suggesting some good practice values and conditions to underpin co-design relationships.


This three-paper format thesis is divided into the following scientific topics; geomechanical investigation of methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBS), fully coupled thermohydro-mechanical (THM) modelling of their behaviour during hydrate dissociation and prediction of hydrate saturation in pores inhibited by capillary pressure. The occurrence of hydrates in pores increases the sediment strength, stiffness and dilatancy and favours its mechanical stability. However, hydrate dissociation may compromise its structural integrity and cause failure. To assess the risk of occurrence of hydrate-related geohazards or geotechnical issues it is imperative to ascertain the factors controlling the mechanical behaviour of gas hydrate reservoirs. The first part of this thesis develops a new mechanical model for MHBS. The Hydrate-CASM model attributes the stress-strain changes observed in MHBS to variations in the host sediment available void ratio, isotropic yield stress and swelling line slope due to hydrate formation and dissociation. In particular, the model assumes that the decrease of the available void ratio of the host sediment during hydrate formation stiffens its structure and has a similar mechanical effect that the increase of the sediment density. The Hydrate-CASM model is successfully applied to published experimental tests that cover a wide range of hydrate saturation, several hydrate morphologies and confinement stress. The results capture the main features observed in the mechanical behaviour of synthetic MHBS and provide novel insights into understanding the role of hydrate saturation at governing the mechanical properties of the sediment. MHBS are characterized by highly interdependent physical processes, including mechanical deformation, fluid flow, thermal flow and phase change reactions. Reliable simulations of their behaviour require efficient mathematical models capable of capturing the aforementioned interdependencies in a coupled manner. The second part of this thesis develops a fully coupled THM formulation for hydrate-bearing geological environments. The formulation extends the governing equations of energy and mass conservation of the 3D finite element simulator Code Bright and incorporates the Hydrate-CASM model, as well as additional constitutive equations and equilibrium constrains required to describe the fundamental physical phenomena governing the behaviour of MHBS. The extended version of Code Bright offers a new open-source numerical tool to better understand the response of gas hydrate reservoirs to mechanical and thermal loading. The model capabilities are validated against the numerical solution of the second benchmark problem described in the first NETL-USGS international gas hydrate code comparison study and published experimental data from hydrate dissociation tests performed under triaxial shear. The results show that the formulation captures the dominant mass and heat transfer phenomena and the main mechanical features observed on synthetic MHBS during hydrate dissociation. Accurate estimations of hydrate saturation in sediments are crucial in the simulation of gas hydrate reservoirs. Hydrate saturation controls the mechanic and hydraulic properties of the porous medium and determines the resource potential of the reservoir. The third part of this thesis explores the effects of the capillary pressure at the hydrate-liquid interface in inhibiting hydrate thermodynamic stability and controlling its saturation. To do so, a new equilibrium model for hydrate formation in pores is developed. The model combines a new expression of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for the methanewater system with the van Genuchten's capillary pressure to relate the thermodynamic properties of the system with the host sediment pore-size distribution and the hydrate saturation. The model is applied to simulate hydrate formation in sand, silt and clays under equilibrium conditions and without mass transfer limitations, so that capillary pressure at the hydrate-liquid interface is the only factor controlling the resulting hydrate saturation. The simulations show that for typical thermodynamic conditions found in the seabed, capillary effects in fine-grained sediments may limit the maximum hydrate saturation to about 50%.


SummaryA microcolony technique for assaying the survival of small proportions of the clonogenic cells of the mucosa of the small intestine of mice is described. The radiosensitivity of intestinal crypt cells measured by the technique is the same as that measured by a macrocolony method. However, the microcolony technique has the special advantage of being useful for assaying cell survival after whole-body radiation.


STUDY DESIGN
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
The use of external supports has been questioned because they may lead to weakness in the surrounding muscles. To our knowledge, there is no investigation into the effect of knee supports or braces on quadriceps muscle strength and quadriceps inhibition in individuals with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA).

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of a flexible knee support on quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and arthrogenous muscle inhibition (AMI) in patients with PFJ OA.

METHODS
The study included 108 participants who had at least 3 months of patellofemoral pain and a Kellgren-Lawrence score of 2 or 3 for PFJ OA. The participants were randomized to a group that wore a flexible knee support (brace) or a group that did not wear a support (no brace) in a 6-week randomized controlled trial, followed by an open-label trial, in which all participants wore the brace for a total of 12 weeks. Quadriceps MVC, measured isometrically, and quadriceps AMI, measured by twitch interpolation, were assessed at the 6-week and 12-week time points.

RESULTS
After 6 weeks, MVC did not differ between the brace and no-brace groups (9.09 Nm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.89, 23.07; P = .20). Arthrogenous muscle inhibition significantly decreased in the brace group (-8.62%; 95% CI: -13.90%, -3.33%; P = .002). After 12 weeks, in all of the participants who wore a flexible knee support, MVC increased by 7.98 Nm (95% CI: 2.52, 13.45; P = .004) and AMI decreased (-8.42%; 95% CI: -11.48%, -5.36%; P<.001). Although statistically significant, these results have doubtful clinical significance.

CONCLUSION
A patellofemoral flexible knee support in participants with PFJ OA does not have an adverse effect on quadriceps MVC or AMI. Using a knee support should not be discouraged because of concerns about deleterious effects on quadriceps strength and inhibition.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapy, level 1b.


In 1962, a young Jewish-American psychiatrist named Robert J. Lifton went to Hiroshima to conduct research on the impact of the atomic bomb. In his first week there he met a Japanese colleague by the name of Kubo Yoshitoshi. Lifton hoped to learn from Kubo about his research into the psychological trauma of hibakusha (A-bomb survivors). The meeting was not a success, however. In a letter to a friend, Lifton remarked, 'I found our talk curiously unsatisfying, and it was hard to tell exactly what he was after in his studies'. Although Kubo's research was not unimportant, it is easy to understand Lifton's frustration. In the previous seventeen years only a handful of researchers, either Japanese or American, had tackled the psychological consequences of the bomb. In his effort to change this situation, Lifton conducted groundbreaking research. Together with work on Holocaust survivors and Vietnam veterans, with which he was also involved, his Hiroshima research eventually led to the creation of the category of PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its entry into the American Psychiatric Association (PSA)'s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III). This development had profound effects far beyond the narrow field of psychiatry. Kubo's work, by comparison, and that of other Japanese researchers, remained virtually unknown and did not lead to any advances in trauma research. Taking the Kubo-Lifton meeting as a point of departure, this article surveys the reactions of the psychiatrists in Hiroshima and in the US to the A-bomb's psychological impact, and examines how Cold-War politics, American denial, and the difficulty of studying so-called A-bomb disease limited recognition of the trauma suffered by those who were exposed to the bomb. After the dropping of the nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki hibakusha faced a dismal lack of care, and the multiple psychological effects of their experience in August 1945 were poorly understood. The contemporary experience of many Holocaust survivors was quite different. From the mid 1950s onward, a substantial body of medical, legal, and historical work developed around Holocaust trauma, which in turn led to adequate care and compensation for survivors. Acknowledgement of their suffering, however, did not come easily. Victims of Nazi persecution had to fight a German campaign of denial and obstruction. Much of the subsequent research was


This an explanatory research was aimed to describe roles of rural women eithin family and society at Mangunrejo village of Kepanjen District, Malang Regency. The Multiple Linear Regression Analysis showed that education and working time strongly vorrelated to. women's income. Averages of women's income contributed to 48,22% and single mother was able to gain 100%. It means that women's income is not only secondary income but also primary income. Family has held importance key role to defence social stability, include women's role in family, career and social activity. Women have to adaptate with their social environment to carry out their roles in family and social community to raise the family's capital. Women's roles are able to integrate to their hearth and behavior


In Part II of this study,' it was shown that altered enamel (stained,* white spot, and brown spot) is significantly less soluble than adjacent normal enamel. This result supported clinical observations that altered enamel is more resistant to caries. No direct correlation was found between decreased C02, increased nitrogen,1 or pigmentation and the extent of altered enamel dissolution.2 However, since fluoride incorporated in enamel reduces its solubility3, 4 and since decalcified areas readily imbibe fluoride,5 6 it seemed likely that the fluoride content of naturally occurring altered enamel would be high. To examine this possibility, the fluoride content was determined on treated and untreated samples of altered and adjacent normal enamel from the previous solubility study.2 Since the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio also tends to be low in altered enamel,' it seemed of interest to correlate the fluoride with the calcium and phosphorus content. As an additional dimension for chemical evaluation of altered enamel, the sodium content of the samples was also investigated.


Emphasizes the usefulness of collecting and statistical analysis of circulation data to assist library managers. Briefly describes a library circulation technique, based on Unesco's CDS/ISIS software which can also provide data on document circulation for statistical analysis by applying Unesco's IDAMS software package.


Vehicle exhausts diffuse into roadside crowd breathing zones, thereby jeopardising human health. This study applies dynamic traffic distribution theories to comprehensively consider the impact of vehicle emission diffusion. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the diffusion of urban traffic pollution to benefit the surrounding environment for roadside crowds. Firstly, a multi-vehicle cellular transport model that is suitable for analysing dynamic traffic distribution is constructed considering the distinct emission factors of various types of vehicles. Secondly, a multi-vehicle emission model is established to consider a range of driving conditions. Then, the concept of roadside crowd exposure risk is introduced, and we describe a method for calculating the total amounts of pollutants emitted by vehicles and inhaled by roadside crowds. The impact of vehicle emission diffusion is comprehensively discussed in terms of vehicle emissions and roadside crowd exposure risk. A generalised impedance function considering the influence of vehicle exhaust emission diffusion is also established based on the weighted average of actual vehicle travel time, multi-model emissions and roadside crowd exposure risk. Finally, this generalised impedance function is integrated into the dynamic optimal user allocation model, and a dynamic traffic allocation model considering the influence of vehicle emission control is developed.


Abstract The hydroxamate siderophores ferrioxamine B (FOB) and the pseudobactin siderophores st3 (PSBst3) and 7NSK2 (PSB7nsk2) were evaluated as iron (Fe) sources to cotton (Gossypium herbeceum) rhizosphere bacteria. About 13% of the total bacterial CFUs were able to utilize FeFOB as the sole Fe source in an Fe‐deficient medium, as compared to 1.6 and 2.6% being able to utilize the chelated Fe supplied as Fe‐pseudobactins St3 and 7NSK2, respectively. Cotton plants grown in soil amended with 55Fe‐EDDHA had about ten times more Fe in their leaves than when supplied with 55Fe‐PSBst3. In a treatment in which the cells of strain 3 (St3) were added to the soil, about twice as much radioactivity was associated with the roots (on a gram fresh weight basis) of plants irrigated with PSBst3 than in the non‐inoculated control treatment. These data suggest that pseudobactin is intrisincally a less available source of Fe to microbes than FOB and that the composition of the bacterial population of the rhizosphere may pl...


One of the main rights of a country is free mobilization throughout the national territory, said mobilization can be carried out by different means that allow the general population to go to their places of work and move to meet their daily basic needs. It is thus, then, that the State is the guarantor through its current regulations that regulates public and private passenger transport and that said constitutional right is fully complied with in the national territory. For this reason, this research aims to describe general aspects about the informality of the urban transport service in the city of Cali, whose situation is presented as a consequence of the lack of public passenger transport in the urban area. The nature of the study is descriptive, documentary; with bibliographic references such as: The Political Constitution of Colombia, The Guidelines of the Ministry of and Transport, Ortega y Melo (2017), Botero and Alegria (2017), Garcia (2016), Gomez (2011), Moller (2003), and Other authors. The results reveal a) the lack of coverage in the public passenger transport service in the entire city of Cali, b) the growth of informal urban passenger transport in the city of Cali, c) informal urban passenger transport It is an alternative means of transport in places where this type of public passenger transport does not reach and that was provided by traditional transport that today is about to disappear.


tears or loose bodies. Complete evaluation of the entire joint, best done by arthroscopy, should always be part of any patellofemoral procedure. Third, the technique of lateral release should include release of the vastus lateralis from the superior lateral pole of the patella and be extended 2 to 3 inches proximally from there. Finally, when lateral release is carried out as the first line of surgical intervention in properly selected cases, the frequency of more extensive


There is currently increasing interest in the development of new discharge lamps for the production of ultraviolet (UV)/ozone radiation for sterilization purposes. It is desired to have improved sterilization methods for food, to obtain longer shelf life, and also for the removal of bacteria from water. The microwave plasma UV lamp (MPUVL) is able to produce UV light at 254 nm, the germicidal region, and 185 nm, the ozone forming region, simultaneously. It has no limitations in terms of power and shape in contrast with the electrode configuration lamp in which the power is constrained lengthwise. This paper investigates the modelling parameters for the discharges in mercury and argon gas as well as the cost-effective methods of producing an industrial system that can deliver both germicidal UV radiation and ozone. Various aspects of the system apparatus and experimental results including the bacteria killing rates will be presented.


We analyze an e-market design that allows multiple market segments to be served simultaneously with a single generalized combinatorial auction. The mechanism uses rule-based bids designed to accommodate various kinds of bidders, such as those more sensitive to price or those more restricted in their requirements. We demonstrate experimentally—using agent-based simulation of the actual market for television advertising slots—that the rule-based approach effectively handles the wide range of market segments, while maintaining buyer and seller surplus and efficiently allocating goods.


Hotel booking system on the TX Travel Sriwijaya yet have a booking system that supports the activities of the booking. Thus, the customer and admin still takes a long time in the hotel determination according to customer requirements. Based on these problems required an application that aims to speed up hotel reservations for prospective customers to display options required in areas of potential customers. In such applications, potential customers can perform a search based on location, price, and type of rooms required. making this application using SDLC. According to O'Brien (2005), the definition of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a system development cycle that serves to illustrate the main stages and steps of each stage. According to Dennis, Wixom & Roth (2012) SDLC is the process of determining how information systems can support business needs.


Sciatica is so commonly caused by lesions of the spine or spinal nerves that obscure causes are rarely considered in the differential diagnosis. In the patient reported on here, a neurilemoma of the intrapelvic portion of the sciatic nerve was ultimately shown to have been responsible for sciatica. This lesion should be included in the list of obscure causes of sciatica. Tumors of the intrapelvic portion of the sciatic nerve are rare, and we found no report in the literature in which such a lesion presented in the way that it did in our patient. Thomas et al. found, in a review of their files, records of only thirty-five neural tumors involving the sciatic nerve, and only seven of the tumors were neurilemomas


Objective To compare the incidence of complications, patients' comfort and treatment outcomes between different time of position change for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) patients treated with prone position mechanical ventilation(PPMV). Methods Seventy-six ARDS patients were divided into two groups according to the serial numbers of admission and treated with PPMV for 6 hours every day. The patients in the experimental group were kept in prone position for 3 hours and then turned to supine position,the patients in the control group were kept in prone position for 2 hours and then turned to supine position. The incidence of complications within a week,including patients' comfort and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications within a week,including patients' comfort,heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),tidal volume(VT) and arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2) between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion The ARDS patients can tolerate the prolonged duration of position change. It is suggested to prolong the duration of position change and decrease the times of position change to reduce oxygen consumption and nursing workload.


Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals are attractive for indoor positioning due to their low power and ease of deployment. Most existing studies have investigated the BLE Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) from all channels; however, only a few studies have given attention to the separation of BLE signal information in the three different advertisement channels. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that can characterize the BLE RSSI based on an online path loss exponent (PLE) estimation and correction for human body shadowing in all BLE advertisement channels. Corrected RSSI values are applied to both ranging and fingerprinting methods and compared to uncorrected RSSI values. The implementation results show that RSSI characterization based on online PLE estimation and human body effect in separate advertisement channels can significantly improve the positioning accuracy.


Based on the test of eight masonry walls under low cycle reversed loading,the seismic performances of strengthened unreinforced masonry walls by BFRP were analyzed from multi-angle,mainly including the hysteretic curve,energy dissipation capability and damage.Then the design formula of the BFRP strengthened damaged and non-damaged masonry walls was given,and the results showed that the theoretical values are in good agreement with the experimental results.The experimental results showed that the BFRP strengthening technique can effectively postponed the development of cracks,increase the capacity of deformation and load-carrying,and the masonry walls'integrity and energy dissipation properties can also gain a significant improvement.


Nitrate can carry over in many medium and fine textured Wisconsin soils especially when growing season rainfall is below normal and yields are lowered by moisture stress. Most areas of Wisconsin received below normal precipitation during the 2003 growing season, and nitrate carryover could be an important factor affecting nitrogen needs in 2004. Taking carryover nitrate into consideration may be particularly beneficial this year due to the expected higher N fertilizer prices.


Introduction: Tinea capitis is the most common form of ringworm infection in childhood. It can have various clinical presentations, ranging from non-inflammatory scaling to a severe pustular rash called Kerion celsi. This may heal with scarring alopecia, but it can be avoided if there is timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
 Case description: A 12 year-old Caucasian male with no significant past medical history was seen in November 2011 in the emergency department of his local health centre. He had suppurative scaling of the scalp in the left occipito-parietal region, of five centimeters in diameter. It was painful and had been present for five months. A diagnosis of a scalp abscess was made. He was treated with systemic antibiotics. Due to progressive worsening of the lesion, in December 2011 he went to the emergency department of a local hospital, where a dermatology consultation was requested. He was diagnosed with Kerion celsi, and treatment with terbinafine (125 mg/day) and ketoconazole shampoo was started. The child was treated for three months with cure of the fungal infection, but scarring alopecia remained.
 Comment: Early recognition of this lesion permits proper treatment in order to prevent scarring alopecia.


In this paper we propose a segmentation of femur bone based on principal component model (PCM). The PCM is an analysis of principal component along with shape and appearance model of an object. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is mostly used as a tool in exploratory data analysis and for making predictive models. An active shape model segmentation scheme is presented that is steered by optimal local features in the original formulation. A nonlinear NN-classifier is used, instead of the linear Mahalanobis distance, to find optimal displacements for landmarks. For each of the landmarks that describe the shape, at each resolution level taken into account during the segmentation procedure, a distinct set of optimal features is determined. The selection of features is automatic, using the training images and sequential feature forward and backward selection. The PCM based femur bone segmentation approach was tested on right proximal femur digital X-ray images obtained from 50 [n=50, age ± SD= 50.12 ± 13.7 years] Indian women and has produced 74% and 70% of sensitivity and specificity respectively.


It was one of the focuses on problems-based land to research the relationship between urbanization and the changes of cultivated land area.Using statistic datum between the year of 1990 to 2004 in 14 counties in Jianghan plain.This paper analyzed the characteristics of changes of cultivated land under condition of different counties,urbanization stages and its velocity,and lastly,three urbanization patterns based on the characteristics of cultivated land use in Jianghan Plain were summed up.


Problem setting. The article reveals the peculiarities of the introduction of e-democracy in Ukraine, highlights the main tools of activity and gives the best practices of functioning. The perception and readiness of the society for the transition to the e-platform is shown. To achieve the goal set in the work, such general theoretical research methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison were used to determine the content and components of the concepts of "e-democracy" and "e-governance"; a systematic approach to generalize the main methodological approaches to the formation and essence of electronic democracy; methods of positive and normative analysis to develop recommendations for improving the e-democracy transformation model. And special (systematization, abstraction, decomposition) methods of scientific knowledge, with the help of which the article examines the theoretical foundations of the digital economy and carries out a critical comprehensive analysis and systematization of scientific and practical approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the principles and goals of e-democracy. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Problems of democracy and involvement of the public in policymaking by means of information and communication technologies were studied by C. Armstrong, Y. Harlan, S. Coleman, D. Lathrop, D. Robinson, L. Ruma, E. Felten, S. Schacht, D. Shuler and others However, the first attempts to bring politics online were made by engineer-enthusiasts at the request of the authorities in order to invent an alternative to the outdated routine practice. Such experimental projects as "E-Politics" in Minnesota (1994) and "Online Democracy for Citizens" in Great Britain (1996) were the first to build social networks and create discussion forums. Some local authorities in the Scandinavian countries, Canada, and Great Britain promoted and supported e-democracy projects, but most of them lacked legal regulation and resource provision. Тarget of the research. The article analyzes the concept of e-democracy, e-government. The international experience and developments in the field of e-democracy are determined in order to identify positive legal developments in the field of e-democracy. The actions of the Ukrainian government and parliament in the field of promoting e-democracy in Ukraine are analyzed. The activities that need to be regulated by the Ukrainian government for the further implementation of edemocracy are identified. Article's main body. The purpose of the article is to systematize the concepts of e-democracy and e-government, to analyze international experience in the field of e-democracy in order to introduce into the domestic legal system positive legal experience in the field of regulating democratic processes, for the further development of new legal norms in the field of e-democracy and e-government , taking into account the need to form a new holistic worldview among its citizens based on global trends in the development of law, the science of public administration, etc. It was concluded that e-democracy should occupy a worthy place and enter the agenda of radical political reforms and become a component of public administration, especially at the current stage in the conditions of martial law. The study of the problem of e-democracy and e-governance, and the implementation of these institutions in Ukraine, is based on the approaches available in the Council of Europe regarding the essence, structure, features of e-democracy and its implementation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. E-democracy cannot be considered a panacea for all problems of democracy or public communications, but it undoubtedly contributes to the development of two, at the present stage, inseparable historical projects democracy and the Internet. Therefore, e-democracy should occupy a worthy place and enter the agenda of radical political reforms and become a component of public administration, especially at the current stage in the conditions of martial law.


Coreless axial-flux permanent-magnet machines benefit from high torque density, low weight, high power density, and low core loss, which are due to the absence of core material in the construction of these machines. In this study, different rotor positions of a surface-mounted coreless axial-flux pm generator are investigated. In this regard, the machine is modeled using the 3D finite element method (FEM), and four various positions of the rotor are selected and then characteristics of the machine such as electromagnetic torque, electromotive force (EMF), and total harmonic distortion (THD) are compared in these different rotor positions. Also, other parameters including rotor yoke height, magnets height, and so on are considered to be constant. The comparison between the results showed that the generator has better performance when rotors are in position 3.


Based on the previous research achievements of Japanese nuclear power accident,this article analyses the reviews and reasons of the accident,emphasises the diversities of nuclear power plants between China and japan as well as the lessons that China should learn from the Fukushima nuclear power accident,finally puts forward the proplsals and measures about the safety of nuclear power development,for the reference of nuclear power development in China.


This paper,in the methodological way,aims to point out the internal study and external study of Wellek and Warren,which is theoretically featured by taking language structure as core,and their theory of integration,which is constructed at phonetic and semantic level.In the practical level,however,it is confronted with the theoretical embarrassment,which is that the internal study is not up to the research of literary values.Obtaining experience and inspiration from them,Qian Zhongwen and Wang Yuanxiang put forward a study concerning literature.


We present high temperature dc, ac and contactless microwave conductivity results on solid-state C60 (films and crystals) from room temperature up to 850 K. Heating pristine samples, which were exposed to the ambient atmosphere, under dynamic vacuum at first leads to a reduction of the electrical resistance and finally, above 700 K, to an increase in the resistance. The decrease is ascribed to oxygen desorption and the increase to the chemical reactivity of residual chemisorbed oxygen with the C60 host molecules, respectively. Samples, annealed above 800 K, display a reversible temperature dependence of the resistance. The high temperature regime of their resistance exhibits an activated behaviour with an universal activation energy of 2Ea = 1.85 ± 0.04 eV for crystals and films, which is identical to the HOMO—LUMO splitting of the C 60 -molecules.


A flexible wireless sensor network platform for easier implementation of diverse applications has been developed and deployed at the Institute Superior Tecnico - Technical University of Lisbon (IST-TUL). This test-bed integrates multiple projects into a single common network, thus creating an expandable platform that facilitates the development of future applications. To achieve this flexibility, a dedicated software framework was developed that not only provides a centralized configuration panel that is accessible over the Internet, allowing the administrator to configure common network parameters, but also supports application programmability, enabling fine-grained control of in-network sensing, processing, and actuation. On top of this platform, three initial applications have been developed and are currently coexisting within the same network, thus demonstrating the new platform's capabilities. The paper discusses the main issues related with the test-bed architecture and the development of an environmental interaction application, with an illustrative purpose, along with the deployment challenges. Results of the experimental evaluation of the test-bed are also shown, focusing on the performance of the environmental interaction application's in-network processing system. A particularly relevant result is denoted by the minimum time the network needs to complete its processing tasks (approximately 200 ms in our test topology).


Bilayered Fe65Co35 (=FeCo)/Co films were prepared by facing targets sputtering with 4πMs∼24 kG. Soft magnetic properties were induced in the FeCo films by the presence of a Co underlayer. Hc decreased rapidly when the Co underlayer was 2 nm or more. The films showed well-defined in-plane uniaxial anisotropy, with typical values of Hce = 10 Oe and Hch = 3 Oe, respectively. The high-frequency characteristics of the films show that they can work at 0.8 GHz with real permeability as high as 250. Reduced roughness was achieved by a inserting Co layer between the glass substrate and the FeCo layer.


Clarifying the precise objectives of an industrial advertising campaign is the predominant requirement if the quality of business-to-business communication is to be improved. The author gives some telling examples of how this has been done in practice.


Interval widths between adjacent speech segments on the Lewis-Sherman scale of stuttering severity were estimated by means of a scaling procedure. Analyses of the data indicated that the lower thre...


The 2015 Clean Water Rule is being enforced in 26 states, with a legal stay resulting in the prior rules being enforced in the remaining 24 states, and a proposed re-definition is open for public comment. These rules define which streams and wetlands are protected by the Clean Water Act and which require a permit for development, fill, or discharge of water and pollutants. In the Wabash River Basin, as much as 39% of wetlands in the basin would lose their current federal protections. The 2015 Clean Water Rule did not expand jurisdictional scope, but the proposed rule would significantly contract protections in our study basin. The proposed re-definition shifts uncertainty from the "significant nexus" test to definitions of stream intermittency and typical hydrologic conditions.


"There is no new thing under the sun" has been truly said many years ago, and its application to the various papers read from time to time before this and similar Associations is in the main correct. For, while looking from a different point of view, we may sometimes seem to present certain subjects in new lights, it is nevertheless difficult for us to bring forth matter pathological and therapeutical that has not at some point been touched upon, and possibly ably handled,by others of our professional brethren. When I first began the consideration of this subject, being led thereto by the perusal of one article, and the treatment in private practice of a number of cases that presented points of interest bearing directly in this line, I was not aware that much had been written upon the relation of ocular and nasal diseases. Had I been familiar with the


We present three novel Nyquist (intersymbol interference free) pulses that outperform two sophisticated pulses reported in literature by Bealieu et al. and Assalini and Tonello. The pulses are based on the concept of inner and outer functions, which was recently explored by the authors. Apart from requiring only two design parameters, the proposed pulses offer an enhanced error performance for various values of roll-off factor and timing jitter along with a smaller maximum distortion.


Human cancers are biologically and morphologically heterogeneous. A variety of clonal populations emerge within these neoplasms and their interaction leads to complex spatio-temporal dynamics during tumor growth. We studied the reshaping of metabolic activity in human cancers by means of continuous and discrete mathematical models, and matched the results to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data. Our models revealed that the location of increasingly active proliferative cellular spots progressively drifted from the center of the tumor to the periphery, as a result of the competition between gradually more aggressive phenotypes. This computational finding led to the development of a metric, the NPAC, based on the distance from the location of peak activity (proliferation) to the tumor centroid. The NPAC metric can be computed for human patients using 18F-FDG PET/CT images where the voxel of maximum uptake (SUVmax) is taken as the point of peak activity. Two datasets of 18F-FDG PET/CT images were collected, one from 61 breast cancer patients and another from 161 non-small-cell lung cancer patients. In both cohorts, survival analyses were carried out for the NPAC and for other classical PET/CT-based biomarkers, finding that the former had a high prognostic value, outperforming the latter. In summary, our work offers new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms behind tumor progression and provides a PET/CT-based biomarker with clinical applicability.


This paper reviews social theory of learning as a lens to ask mathematics teachers training. This conceptual referent assumes the concept of "practice community" as an analytical category to describe learning, highlighting its importance and analytical power, since the learning components -meaning, practice, community, and identity- can be integrated in it. This review presents a state of the art of different researches, which through the analysis of these components, allows considering the possibilities to highlight the who , the where , and the how the teacher takes part and collaborate in teachers training. In other words, it emphasizes on how the participants of these communities are considered the main actors in their training and professional culture. Finally, the challenge to conform practice communities as learning opportunities is recognized in the research outcomes.


The WiMAX 802.16e system is intended to support applications with challenging quality of service constraints in heterogeneous scenarios where both low and high mobility users are simultaneously active. However, the fast and deep channel fluctuations that are leveraged in rich scattering environments (i.e., urban scenarios) affect the performance of e.g., channel estimation, link adaptation and scheduling algorithms. Therefore, the physical and MAC layer algorithms need to be designed in order to support both low and high mobility users. Herein, the impact of users mobility on the design and the performance of the physical and MAC layers of a WiMAX base station is assessed, and suitable solutions for the channel estimation, dynamic link adaptation and scheduling algorithms are provided. Simulation results provide indications on the achievable maximum cell load for different mobility and QoS profiles. The optimal trade-off between the PUSC and AMC permutations is also numerically investigated.


"On the thirteenth of November, day of unluck, month of the dead, Kat went into the Toronto General Hospital for an operation. It was for an ovarian cyst, a large one." So begins Margaret Atwood's short story "Hairball," whose title mirrors the name that Kat affectionately gives to the growth removed from her body. "She asked for a jar of formaldehyde," the narrator casually reports at the beginning of the story, "and put the cut-open tumour into it. It was hers, it was benign, it did not deserve to be thrown away. She took it back to her apartment and stuck it on the mantelpiece" (41,42). Published in The New Yorker in 1990 and then included in Atwood's 1991 col lection Wilderness Tips, "Hairball" is a remarkable short story that has received little critical attention to date.2 Part of the wave of late twentieth-century women's writing that sought to reclaim the female body as literary subject matter, the story has a pow erful dimension of self-reflexivity, functioning as an ironic, insightful comment on the changing tradition to which it belongs. "Hairball" probes the still-powerful link between women's unstable, "disgusting" bodies and their violation of social norms?a link that, I argue below, has a specifically narrative history. Atwood is


Abstract The analysis and interpretation of skeletal lead is relatively common in anthropological research employing chemical analyses of human tissues. To provide an additional dimension to such research, this paper presents the rationale for, and a case study illustrating the use of skeletal lead isotope data to address problems of group affinity. The radiogenic origin of three of the four stable lead isotopes give lead from any given geologic deposit (source) a characteristic isotopic "signature". As lead does not fractionate measurably in biological systems, including human metabolism, the isotopic composition of skeletal lead reflects the source(s) of lead to which individuals were exposed. It is assumed that different cultural groups will be exposed to different sources of lead through natural processes and cultural practices. Given this assumption, lead isotope analysis of eight unidentified skeletons (two Native North Americans and six Fur Traders) from a 19th century fur trade cemetery was conducted. The results indicate that, as predicted, the Native North American and Fur Trader skeletal remains have different skeletal lead isotopic compositions. The differences are generally congruent with the two primary sources of lead available.


An analysis was performed on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum (L.) cv. Huay Si Thon and Shishito) seed vigor and quality produced by plants grown under control and high temperature conditions (29} 2/24}2 and 36 + 2/27} 2Ž, mean day and night temperatures, respectively) after anthesis to elucidate the effect of high temperature during seed development on seed quality. High temperature significantly reduced fruit growth in both varieties . More than 20 % of the seeds produced under the high temperature regime were flat with a dark brown color and did not germinate. High temperature inhibited seed fresh and dry weight increase and the seed size was slightly reduced. Standard germination of Huay Si Thon and Shishito seeds occurring under the high temperature conditions was lower than that of the control seeds by 28 and 25 %, respectively. Similarly, seed vigor was reduced, as evidenced by the reduction in the accelerated aging germination rate and the higher value of the germination index. Protein content was maximal during the early stages of seed development and decreased afterwards continuously during the seed maturation stage, while no conspicuous reduction of the protein content by heat was observed. High temperature reduced the carbohydrate content of seeds by 40 % in Huay Si Ton and 50 % in Shishito, respectively. High temperature reduced the lipid content to less than half. These results suggested that high temperature during seed development reduced chili pepper seed germination and vigor, presumably due to the limitation in the accumulation of storage products, especially carbohydrates, and lipids.


Br Affleck showed a case of abscess of the liver. Prof. Grainger Stewart stated that he had the patient under his care in the summer and autumn of 1889. That she then had enlargement of the liver; and that he, suspecting hydatid or abscess, carefully explored the liver with an aspirator. On the first occasion he got off a little fluid, about a drachm, stained with bile and without hooklets, nor any marked amount of chloride of sodium. On the second occasion nothing was obtained. In these circumstances, and considering the irregular lumpy enlargement of the organ, it seemed most probable that syphilis was the cause. She


The paper looks into syntactic representation of static and dynamic situations in the English language. The representation of dynamic situations is exemplified by situations of uncontrollable action, whereas the static situations representation is demonstrated by situations of quality attribution. The utterances representing the static and dynamic situations in question have been analysed in terms of the syntactic structure and number of arguments. The analysis of utterances retrieved mainly from contemporary English literature has revealed a number of instances structured as static situations representing a dynamic one and vice versa. While both static and dynamic situations have prototypical means of syntactic representation in the English language, we have discovered that the syntactic models associated with static situations and those corresponding to dynamic situations can interchange. This study aims at identifying the cognitive mechanisms enabling the interchangeability of syntactic models corresponding to static and dynamic situations respectively, which in turn will help to shed light on basic conceptualization features of the situations in question. The findings presented in this paper demonstrate that static via dynamic and dynamic via static representations are possible due to conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy, which prove to be effective cognitive mechanisms that allow applying the syntactic models prototypically representing one situation to other situations. 2357-1330 © 2021 Published by European Publisher.


The present paper focuses on two famous Medieval English writings that have much in common: 'A Revelation of Divine Love' by Julian of Norwich and 'The Book of Margery Kempe'. Both writings belong to the first books ever composed by women in the English language. Both appeared in Norfolk within the timespan of the second half of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth centuries. Both can be attributed as spiritual autobiographies, and as such they also represent the first vernacular works of the genre for the English language. Since the second quarter of the twentieth century the writings by Julian and Margery have been profoundly studied. They are, however, more often analyzed independently than compared and contrasted in extensive research literature. The aim of the present paper is to show by means of comparison that already at an early stage English mystical writings displayed certain genrespecific and distinctive linguistic features. Julian (1342 – after 1416) was an anchoress at Norwich. Little is known about her life. Julian's account of her illness allows us to establish the year of her birth: she was thirty and a half in 1373


Genetic diversity in strawberry cultivars based on morphological characteristics Morphological characteristics are traditionally used to characterize cultivars, contributing to the development of strategies for genetic improvement. In this study we evaluated the genetic diversity using morphological characteristics of 11 strawberry cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, Campinas, Diamante, Dover, Oso Grande, Sweet Charlie, Toyonoka, Tudla and Ventana) in the south-central region of Parana. A total of 29 strawberry morphological characteristics related to plant, leaf, flower , fruit and achenes were analyzed. Genetic similarities were calculated by multivariate analysis and cultivar grouping was based on a genetic similarity matrix using UPGMA. Among the 29 morphological characters evaluated, eight showed non-significant differences (p <0.05). The average similarity was 38%, ranging from 19% (Aromas and Camino Real) to 62% (Camino Real and Camarosa, Aromas and Sweet Charlie).


Background: One of the efforts to improve the health of school-aged children by washing hands,
hand washing can work to eliminate or reduce the microorganisms attached to the hands and hand washing should be done with clean water and soap Objective: To determine the effect of handwashing with soap training on students' skills in handwashing with soap. Method: .The type of research is quasi experimental analytic with post test with control group design design Result: There is a difference that sinigfikan student skill score about hand washing before and after training P = 0,001 .. CTPS training by teacher able to increase knowledge and skill of student. Conclusion: Proper handwashing and soap training is needed to improve students' skills in handwashing with soap and the synergistic changes in hands-on soap training with Aisyiyah kindergarten students.
Keywords: CTPS, kindergarten students, teachers


ABSTRACT In this introduction to the special issue on the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in socioeconomic development, we provide a conceptual framework that considers four dimensions that impact socioeconomic development: policy, business, technology, and society. This framework, which is systematically constructed from reviewing several earlier frameworks but more general in focus, is intended to provide context for the eight papers in this special issue, and also guidance for future-related research.


The introduction of new endogenous growth models introduced a number of channels through which scal policy can permanently affect the rate of growth or the level of income. This paper contributes to the literature by analytically examining the conditions for temporary government spending to induce positive temporary growth and long run level eects on output in an endogenous growth model with depreciation and sticky prices. It


Through analyzing operational requirement points for continuous consumption military material characteristics of dynamic demand in wartime,the given model tried to divide distribution procedure into some stages.The state variable which stands for the amount of the military material available for distribution can be used at the beginning of each stage. This paper took the property of timeliness,security and support capability into account to establish a three- layer optimization dispatching decision- making model and an algorithm was put forward. A numerical example was subsequently given to prove the validity of proposed models,which overcoming the problem of wasting military material and improving the efficiency of military material distribution.


Background: Little is known about the role of the metabolome in COPD pathogenesis. Aims: To identify metabolic alterations associated with airflow obstruction in smokers. Methods: We analyzed serum samples of 157 smokers by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Airflow obstruction (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 0.7 and FEV1 > 80% predicted. We tested associations between metabolite concentrations and FEV1 % predicted using multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, body mass index (BMI) and study site. Results: Participants (mean age 53.7 years, 50.3% women, 56.1% current smokers, BMI 27.7 kg/m2) had a mean FEV1 of 78.7% predicted. Twenty-nine metabolites (16 amino acids) were identified by NMR spectral analysis using Chenomx. Overall, 26 of the metabolites were lower in GOLD 3-4 subjects compared to GOLD 0-2 subjects. Multivariate analyses showed a significant positive relationship between the concentrations of 4 metabolites and FEV1% predicted (figure): tryptophan (p=0.002), histidine (p=0.019), valine (p=0.026) and leucine (p=0.034). Conclusions: More severe airflow obstruction is associated with downregulation of serum metabolites in smokers.


This paper uses literature data method, interview method, and logic analysis method to find out that the conflict between teachers and students in physical education still exists, and explains and analyzes this phenomenon that occurs in physical education in China from the perspective of intergenerational conflict between teachers and students. The causes of inter-generational conflicts between teachers and students in physical education in China's schools are clear. In the context of improving the core literacy of students' physical education and health, inter-generational conflicts between teachers and students will inevitably have a huge impact on the teaching quality of physical education teachers and the learning effects of students. The original teaching effect of the physical education class was greatly reduced, which eventually led to the failure of the core literacy of sports and health of the students, and also indirectly violated China's goal of building a sports power. Therefore, easing and optimizing the conflict between teachers and students in physical education course of China will be an urgent problem to improve the core literacy of students' physical education and health.


The 12-year performance record is given for Friant-Kern and Delta-Mendota Canals which were built in expansive clays. Test data compiles for these canal foundations are compared to that obtained for San Luis Canal presently being built. The expansion characteristics of the natural clay soils encountered at the three canals are compared and considerations for the construction of San Luis Canal given. The geology of the clays, petrographic and chemical analyses, and volume change data are presented. The expansive potential (includes shrinkage and expansion) was related to the amount of clay present, natural density and moisture, and physico-chemical factors. The data shows that the shrinkage limit is a general indicator of the expansive potential of a natural clay; soils of shrinkage limit less than 10 have high expansive potential (+20 percent volume change) while shrinkage limits of 13 or more indicated in all cases total volume changes less than 20 percent. The colloid content and plasticity index appeared to give a conservative estimate of total volume change for foundation soils from San Luis Canal possibly because of the low natural density or physico-chemical factors.


Summary and recommendations introduction - oral health in context aims and objectives format and process participants key findings conclusions recommendations. Appendices: glossary of dental personnel model referral route for use in primary care trusts.


These are raw X-ray diffraction images from a crystal of Chlamydia trachomatis DsbA. The final structure, determined from these data, has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with entry ID 5KBC


This SD describes the boundaries for removal of the water cooled chillers by projects. In this paper, the author defines K Basins Engineering and project responsibilities for removal of the Trane.


The proliferation of women's organisations, particularly those attached to larger social movements or state initiatives, necessitates ethnographically situated examinations of the way women's issues and gendered experiences are constituted and understood within specific cultural contexts. This article examines a women's organisation in South India, which is linked to a Dravidian social movement. I explore the way the movement repro duces and challenges the social terrain on which some women are expected to participate in reforming Tamil society. The reformist character of the movement evokes ambivalent responses by women to key elements of its ideology, which calls for the dismantling of caste, and an end to Hindu hegemony characterised by religious dogmatism and Brah minical superiority. The incorporation of feminist discourse into their ideology signals the transnational character of regionally based movements, and provokes further con sideration of the way feminist discourse itself is deployed cross-culturally, and its effect in challenging social inequalities and/or maintaining social and economic differences.


This paper presents a two-dimensional simulation of positive streamers in air at atmospheric pressure in a quasi-uniform electric field. A streamer is assumed to consist of a hemispherical tip and a finitely conducting cylindrical channel with a constant axial potential gradient. The model predicts that E/sub g//spl sim/450 kV/m and the radius is r/spl sim/50 /spl mu/m in air at standard atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the estimated number of positive ions in the streamer head of stably propagating streamers, agrees with estimations based on more advanced streamer models. The model is used to predict the behavior of streamers in electrical discharges in a semiuniform electric field and good agreement is found between experiment and theory. The computer simulation of such a simplistic model could be applied to predict the behavior of streamer discharges in complex electrode arrangements, including dielectric surfaces.


The condition of the production facilities of evening general education schools and the kind of pupils they cater to are very favorable for developing pupils' independence and initiative in the learning process. As of now, however, the level of knowledge achieved by evening school pupils fails to measure up to the demands of modern production, industrial or agricultural.


Pachytene pairing in relation to pollen fertility was studied in five cultivars of cassava. The two highly pollen fertile clones showed only normal pachytene and later meiotic divisions were also normal. However, in the partially pollen fertile clones different pachytene abnormalities like non-pairing, deletion, duplication and inversion were found in different chromosomes. In C1-1443 as many as five bivalents showed aberrant pachytene pairing. Though there was a slight reduction in chiasma frequency, later divisions were normal. Based on the extent of pachytene abnormalities in different clones, reduction in chiasma frequency, meiotic sequence and normal tapetum development and microsporogenesis, it is concluded that pachytene behaviour had a statutory role in determining the ultimate pollen fertility in cassava.


While the importance of agriculture to the global economy seems to be generally acknowledged, financial reporting in the agricultural sector still generates intense debates. Our paper contributes to the debate on fair value measurement of biological assets by focusing on the proposed amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 41 (through the Exposure Draft Agriculture: Bearer Plants – International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2013)). The IASB is faced with analyzing whether applying IAS 16 would lead to more decision-useful financial reporting information on bearer biological assets compared to the current requirements in IAS 41. It therefore becomes interesting, at this stage, to analyze the feedback received by the IASB (through the stakeholders' comment letters involved in its due process) to the recently published Exposure Draft. After discussing the proposed amendments and putting them into context, we develop a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the point of view of stakeholders responding to IASB's call for comment letters. The implications of IASB's forthcoming decision in relation to the proposed amendments, as well as stakeholders' involvement, should be considered in the light of International Financial Reporting Standards' (IFRS) widespread around the world.


PURPOSE: An intelligent water management automation system of irrigation facilities using sensor-based five senses information are provided to enable a central monitoring control unit to grasp field situation, by checking moving pictures, mechanical operation sound and vibration state during mechanical operation. CONSTITUTION: An image photographing device (300) acquires image information in real-time by photographing an irrigation facility. A sensor signal analysis unit (200) receives vibration, temperature, sound signals transmitted from sensors of the irrigation facility and counts the frequency deviating from an established range, and generates an abnormality sensing signal if the frequency is out of the established counter frequency, and transmits a photographed signal to the image photographing device if the abnormality sensing signal is irregular. A remote monitoring control unit (100) acquires a state monitoring value from the sensors of the irrigation facility and transmits an operation signal to the irrigation facility according to the state monitoring value, and decreases inlet water level in advance by operating a water gate and a pump of the irrigation facility included in an expected flooded area according to weather forecast information. [Reference numerals] (10) Weather center homepage; (20) Flood control center homepage; (200) Sensor signal analysis unit; (30) Water resources corporation homepage; (300) Image photographing device; (40) Ministry-of-Environment homepage; (400) Pump gate; (500) Intake tower; (600) Drainage station; (700) Pumping station; (800) Drainage floodgate; (900) Central monitoring control unit; (950) Terminal for an interested person; (AA,BB) Communication network


We solve the five dimensional vacuum Einstein equations for several kinds of anisotropic geometries. We consider metrics in which the spatial slices are characterized as Bianchi types II and V, and the scale factors are dependent both on time and a noncompact fifth coordinate. We examine the behavior of the solutions we find, exploring them within the context of the induced matter model.


Based on boundary element method and computational fluid dynamics approach the computational procedure system for the hydrodynamic performance of oceanic floating platform is developed in this paper, including calculation of motion and loads, slamming loads, air-gap, mooring system, VIV analysis and of riser dynamic responses, evaluation for and dynamic system, and so on. All of the calculation and prediction results can be used to be reference and to application in design practice with engineering satisfactory accuracy.


The words used in the chemistry classroom often add to problems that students have in understanding complex concepts. This is particularly true when terms with specific scientific meanings are also used in colloquial speech with different meanings. This report discusses the results of student interviews that examine student comprehension of the term strong used in chemical and colloquial contexts. The most common student misconceptions associate the chemical meaning of strong with "concentration", "charge", or "powerful".


This thesis is concerned with the design, characterisation and implementation of an all-optical logic waveguide device. Operation of such a device depends crucially on the fact that it includes a nonlinear material whose refractive index changes if it is subjected to sufficiently intense optical excitation. (This intensity dependance of the refractive index is often expressed by the relation n= no+ n2l, where no is the low intensity refractive index, n2 is the nonlinear coefficient, and I is the intensity of the incident optical radiation.) The optically induced variation in the refractive index is transformed into a nonlinearity in the device transmission by use of certain waveguide properties thus enabling the device to perform all-optical logic operations. The particular work in this thesis concentrates on the Asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (AMZI) which is described in Chapter One. The nonlinear material used in this thesis is AlxGa1-xAs because (i), waveguide fabrication technology in this material is well established and reliable, and (ii), the material has a significant optical nonlinearity easily accessible with laser radiation. The thesis begins by introducing nonlinear optical waveguide devices. Chapter Two then reviews the various optical nonlinearities in semiconductors and presents the current theoretical models available for the description of these effects. Chapter Three describes the nonlinear waveguide design process. Included in this chapter are considerations which have to be made for the attainment of optimum optical nonlinear effects. Chapter Four contains the device fabrication details and describes the considerations made during device production. The results of linear and nonlinear characterisation of waveguides are presented in Chapter Five where descriptions of the various experimental details are also given. The Asymmetric Mach Zehnder Interferometer is then examined in Chapter Six where results of both the theoretical and experimental studies are presented. Finally, in Chapter Seven, the conclusions are presented and suggestions for future work are given.


Research is devoted to definition of cabins intermediate felling resources. Preparations manufacture the opportunity for gummed production is determined. Research the technique and a settlement formula is resulted. Raw material reception the opportunity for gummed production in volume 2,5 cubic M/ga is confirmed.