The Nationality Act promulgated in 1929 had been made a major amendment in 2000. This paper discusses the problem of "minimum financial proof" as a requisite while marriage immigrants apply for naturalization according to the Nationality Act. After 2000, more and more people marry Southeast Asian spouses, and providing a certain amount of financial proof was one of the requisites when these spouses underwent the process of naturalization. This paper probes the process of legislation, enforcement, and the reason why the government finally abolished the "minimum financial proof". The ministry of the Interior referred to the cases of Western legislation, and believed that most of countries have economic conditions and constraints on naturalization through marriage to avoid their sharing the national social welfare resources and becoming a heavy burden to the government. More importantly, rigorous review of outsiders' obtaining nationality or domicile has been regarded as an action of national sovereignty. However, the government did not consider that most of the people who marry Southeast Asian spouses were males, who had lower income and socio-economic status in Taiwan. It was quite difficult for them to provide a certain amount of financial proof which stated they could earn an average monthly income within the R.O.C. over the past year as promulgated by the Council of Labour Affairs, Executive Yuan. After much effort by some legislators and civil societies, the government realized the "minimum financial proof" is a heavy burden for spouses from Southeast Asia, and the Ministry of Interior formally amended the Enforcement Rules of Nationality Act and promulgated on 14 November 2008. This amendment abolished the article of providing a certain amount of "financial proof" for naturalization through marriages. This paper argues this action consisted with the spirit of constitution to protect the right of marriage and basic human rights. Nevertheless, the Nationality Act Article 4 still requires those foreign spouses to prove "He/she has enough property or professional skills for his/her self-support or ensuring his/her living", and the Enforcement Rules of Nationality Act Article 10 also requires that the applicants should prepare "(1)Proof of domestic income, tax payment, moveable property or immoveable property ownership; (2)Proof of employment by the employer or written documentation of the applicant's job content and income; (3)Certificate of a specific professional / technical skill certificate or document of technical assessment issued by a competent authority of the government; or (4)Other documents that can prove the applicant is able to be self-reliant". In other words, a person who applies for naturalization due to marriage is still required to hand in "minimum financial proof". This paper suggests the amendment of the Nationality Act and the Enforcement Rules of Nationality Act should delete all the economic conditions and constraints. As we know, marriage is protected by the basic rights. Although our government does not prohibit marriage immigrants, the complicated procedure for naturalization shows a "marriage is easy, but naturalization is difficult" phenomenon. This paper posits, for all those marriage immigrants, the government should not take a pessimistic action, but positively do his effort to help them obtaining the rights.


ABSTRACT

The objectives of the research were (1) to find out whether or not the use of concrete experience to stimulate students' engagement in learning speaking.(2) To find out whether or not the use of concrete experience stimulate students' achievement in learning speaking and (3) to find out the students' perception towards the using of concrete experience in learning speaking.
The researcher applied mixed method namely quan-qual. The Population of this research was the the students of senior high school, Nurmilad Boarding School in Wajo regency. The Sample was class X and XI which consist of 35 students. This research used 3 kinds of instruments they were observation sheet, interview guide and audio recording.
The result of the qualitative data through observation and interview showed that (1) the use of concrete experience stimulated students' engagement either behavioral or emotional as well as cognitive engagement, (2) the use of concrete experience improve the students achievement. It was identified by seeing the result of speaking test in which the the mean score of post test was higher than the mean score of pre test. The speaking test result of class X, mean score of pre test 54.63, mean score of post test 72.22(72.22 >54.63). Meanwhile 68.63 > 55.88 of class XI. Based on the result of data analysis, the researcher concluded that: the use of concrete experience was effective to stimulate the students' engagement; using concrete experience improved the students' speaking achievement and the students have good perception towards the use of concrete experience in learning speaking.


Adding a spike to quantum wells (QWs) provides an additional degree of freedom for QW engineering. The authors demonstrate this by designing a spiked shallow InGaAs/InGaAlAs well for efficient, polarisation independent electroabsorption modulation at 1.5 /spl mu/m. An improvement in power saturation of more than several orders of magnitude is observed.


This review provides a good overview of biological nitrogen fixation in the growth of leguminous plants, particularly relating to fertilizer needs for crops. In addition to plants that form nodules that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria, other bacteria form different associations with plants, and this is currently under intense study to determine if there is significant nitrogen transfer to the plants. It is being proposed that one of the fastest growing trees, poplar, uses nitrogen-fixing bacteria to help them grow more quickly. The report also mentions the potential for bacterial nitrogen-fixers to support the growth of certain evergreen


Based on the designed anti-capsizing airbag of passenger ship sailing inland-river, this paper presents the anti-capsizing airbag devices, its principles, and the studies on the safety volume of anti-capsizing airbag; furthermore, the influences of anticapsizing airbag on the ship stability are analyzed. The results indicate that the anti-capsizing airbag improves the ship stability and the ship safety.


The increasing usage of chemicals for plant protection in recent years has become a serious problem. One of the possible solutions is use of beneficial microorganisms instead of synthetic fungicides, which will contribute to the protection of the environment and human health. Since the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum are the most important pathogens that cause maize diseases and produce mycotoxins, the potential of Trichoderma harzianum for biocontrol of both phytopathogens was examined in this paper. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of different carbon and nitrogen combinations in the medium for T. harzianum production. T. harzianum was cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks and the effect of cultivation broth against selected maize pathogens was tested using well diffusion method. The results of this study showed that the combination of different carbon and nitrogen sources in the T. harzianum cultivation medium statistically significantly affects the production of Trichoderma cultivation broth effective on two tested phytopathogens. Dextrose as a carbon source and soybean flour as a nitrogen source proved to be the best combination in the medium for production of T. harzianum cultivation broth effective on A. flavus and F. graminearum. Maximal inhibition zone diameters of 31 mm and 56.33 mm were registered in those medium formulations for A. flavus and F. graminearum, respectively. These researches represent an important step for further research in which a medium of low market value would be selected. This would reduce the price of the production process but also the final product.


For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted , and redistributed in any medium. It is the author's wish, however, that any such republication and redistribution be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis and that translations and other derivative works be clearly marked as such.


This article focuses on the implications of the work of two artists on discourses of temporality and Indigenous futurity. I analyze the work of Skawennati and Bonnie Devine, with particular consideration of their resistance to the hegemonic temporality of extractive and capitalist lifeways and what Mark Rifkin calls 'settler time' [Rifkin, Mark. 2017. Beyond Settler Time: Temporal Sovereignty and Indigenous Self-Determination. Durham: Duke University Press]. Skawennati provides a spiraling narrative of Indigenous pasts and futures in her machinima series, TimeTraveller™. In her sculptural installation, Letters from Home, Bonnie Devine calls upon the viewer to consider the stones from the Serpent River First Nation as elders. The casts of these stones are framed as texts, and viewers are encouraged to learn how to read these lessons, collapsing the divide between deep time and the present. Ultimately, I argue that these artists use emerging, experimental, and established media as a method of creating ruptures in Euro-Western notions of time, providing an embodied experience of a temporal otherwise and glimpses into decolonized futures.


The followingare important approaches to promote the capacity of colleges and universities: breaking away from conventional ways of lab,exploring the new framework of constructing labs in engineering colleges and universities,speeding up practicer base construction for knowledge creation and seting up a new system of experimental teaching based on the development of creation awareness and ability.


Based on the characteristics of logistics professional course and practical experience in teaching,it made research in teaching reform of undergraduate logistics professional course from the following aspects,such as the construction of teaching material and bilingual teaching,case teaching,project teaching,the multimedia teaching.It aims to improve logistics teaching system,and promote the development of the teaching of undergraduate logistics major,cultivate high quality professional logistics talents to meet market demand.


In presented article the author analyzes the issue of effective implementation of state and municipal control and supervision and the actual problems of legislation in this matter. Special attention is paid to consideration of the concept of the bill, aimed at solving the existing problems. The aim of this work is to formulate the opportunities to enhance the legislation, which can be triggered by the adoption of the draft law. Summing up his research, the author summarizes the proposed developments and concludes about their absolute relevance.


Jiang Bai-shi and Wu Meng-chuang are two great poets after Xin Qi-ji in the prose of the South Song dynasty. Their love poems play an important part in the development of love poetry. However, their poems are different from each other's in the taste, style and aesthetics.


The research was conducted to teachers education office of DKI Jakarta. By using  a survey method with  path analysis applied in testing hypothesis the number 52 employee as sample was selected by using Slovin formula. Based on the results of data analysis in this research it is concluded: (1) the turnover intention have negative direct effect to job performance; (2) the absenteeism have negative direct effect to job performance; (3) the turnover intention have positif direct effect to absenteeism.The job performance can be improved through reduction of turnover intention and absenteeism


There is a growing movement in environmental politics and political theory toward what we might call "egalitarian environmentalism." Egalitarian environmentalists are weak anthropocentrists who extend (cosmopolitan) liberal conceptions of procedural and distributive justice to environmental issues. Typically, egalitarian environmentalists are committed to (at least one of) two general principles. First, they advocate equal substantive environmental rights for all humans. More specific, they often support the idea of equal per capita shares of ecological (or environmental) space. Second, they advocate equal procedural rights for all humans in environmental decision making. In other words, they support public and stakeholder involvement in an active "environmental democracy." There are, of course, many different conceptions of each of these principles and, therefore, many different versions of egalitarian environmentalism. Most of the contributors to Haugestad and Wulfhorst's eclectic selection of papers are egalitarian environmentalists of one version or another. They offer quite different perspectives on a wide range of environmental issues and problems—ranging from nuclear waste to genetic modification (GM) science, from tradable fuel permits to ecological building, from solid waste management to illegal logging—but for the most part, their diagnosis of the problem or their solution to it is either more public and stakeholder participation or a more equal distribution of environmental goods and services. This book is the product of an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary conference held in Copenhagen in February 2003, which was one of an ongoing series of annual conferences on the theme of "Environmental Justice and Global Citizenship" (p. vii). The editors' introduction sets the tone of the book from the very beginning:


Vermouth is the most consumed aromatised wine. The present study developed a processing technology for herb macerates used as ingredients in the processing of vermouth. Cold maceration in ethanol solution of 45% vol. was proceeded for the extraction of herb aroma and colour components in stainless steel tanks. The mixture was pressed and stored separately. The adequate quantity of sugar, citric acid and wine were prepared for the batch of vermouth. Vermouth was left for maturation for 2 months in stainless steel tank. To obtain perfectly clear and stable product, conditioning and stabilization treatments were conducted. All the chemical parameters were evaluated using adapted reference methods. The addition of herb macerates to the wine increased the vermouths alcohol content to 17.2 % vol. The total sugar content remained under the limit of 4 %, imposed for dry vermouths.


: The main objective of this proposal (project) is to ameliorate the solar energy by considering the mirror reflection approach. Simple arrangements of the system can be seen widely throughout the industries such as (IT cells, manufacturing cells) etc with/without mirror or in contrast, keeping the solar panel flat/tilted. Our experimental analysis divulged that when we consider mirror reflectors, we will receive additional power (due to more focus of sunlight onto the PV module). As a result, the number of solar panels needed to produce a certain amount of power can be reduced. Therefore, we can generate more solar energy by using mirror reflection because the output power using plane mirror reflector is higher and these reflectors are very cheap and easily available in the market. The paper also aims to show the culmination obtained by implementing different types of arrangements (use of mirror, without use of mirror), to check whether there will be drastic improvement or measure in energy production which has to be carried out. The measurement of voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic solar panel using mirror reflector, without mirror reflector were taken into the account.


A roller drawer suspension using rails mounted inside the vertical projection of the drawer, and locating the drawer laterally at the drawer opening on roller flanges positioned outside the drawer.


High piezoelectric properties are desired for lead-free piezoelectric materials in consideration as a replacement for lead-based materials in applications. Due to the high piezoelectric coefficient, (Ba100-xCax) (Ti100-yZry) O-3 (BCTZ) piezoelectric ceramics have been considered as a promising lead-free alternate piezoelectric material. Here, six compositions were selected based on a prediction that all the compositions would have high piezoelectric coefficient at room temperature. The results confirmed all compositions exhibit well developed hysteresis loops and a large piezoelectric coefficient at room temperature. This is due to the coexistence of several phases where the major phase is likely to be orthorhombic and the second phase is proposed to be tetragonal. The phase transition was found to occur over a broad temperature range instead of at a specific temperature only. A relationship between the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition temperature and Ca2+ and Zr4+ content was proposed. This enables clear determination of BCTZ compositions with high piezoelectric coefficient at a desired operation temperature.


This paper proposes a novel video error concealment method for the reconstruction of all unknown regions in frames. The proposed method first performs temporal error concealment (TEC) sequentially in forward direction with the propagation of source information for the unknown regions of frames in group-of-frames (GOF). Then, it performs the TEC sequentially in backward direction for the remaining unknown regions in the GOF. For the reconstruction of unknown regions in each target frame in forward and backward TEC stages, we propose an adaptive homography-based registration of the reference frame. The proposed method selects adaptively global or local homography-based registration for the reconstruction of each unknown region. After the backward direction, the TEC is performed in each frame and the spatial error concealment is applied to reconstruct completely the remaining unknown regions with relatively small sizes. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives significantly improved objective and subjective video quality compared with the traditional reconstruction methods. The proposed method also gives comparably good reconstruction results for large size unknown regions and is feasible for practical real-time applications.


edited by Christopher Goetz, 1306 pp, Philadelphia, Saunders, 2003, $121.00

This is a wellbound attractive book with glossy pages. There are 55 chapters, each written by separate authors who have been well chosen for their expertise. The illustrations are clearly reproduced and the full text is reproduced on an accompanying CD. The CD also contains video and sound clips and a self-test after each chapter.

The …


Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) capillary electrophoresis microchips were modified using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), resulting in modified electroosmotic flow (EOF) values. Octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) and acrylic acid (AA) plasmas were chosen as initial test systems for device modification. Argon plasma pretreatments were used to improve adhesion of the fluorocarbon (FC) and AA films. Contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrated that the Ar/C 3 F 8 plasma treatment of PDMS results in the deposition of a hydrophobic, crosslinked FC film, whereas the Ar/AA plasma treatment results in the deposition of a hydrophilic film with ionizable acid groups. The extent of plasma modification within the device channels was explored using scanning Auger microscopy and dye absorption measurements. EOF values were measured for plasma-treated chips as a function of pH, and aging studies were performed to determine the durability of the plasma treatments. Results show that EOF is decreased in Ar/C 3 F 8 plasma-treated chips, and varies less with pH than untreated devices. Additionally, EOF measurements are constant for a minimum of 5 d. In contrast, EOF for Ar/AA plasma-treated devices is dependent on pH. EOF measurements of C 3 F 8 and AA treated chips without the Ar pretreatment are less stable, particularly in the AA case. In addition to improving adhesion, the Ar plasma treatment results in a decreased hydrophobic dye absorption into the PDMS, which is attributed to the physical crosslinking of the polymer by the Ar plasma.


Review by Mariam Wassif (The University of Paris 1 – Pantheon-Sorbonne) of  Chiara Rolli, The Trial of Warren Hastings: Classical Oratory and Reception in Eighteenth-Century England . London: Bloomsbury, 2019. Pp. 224. £85. ISBN 97817884539221.


The capital adequacy requirements for banks, enshrined in international banking regulations, are based on a fallacy of composition--namely, the notion that an individual firm can choose the structure of its financial liabilities without affecting the financial liabilities of other firms. In practice, says author Jan Toporowski, capital adequacy regulations for banks are a way of forcing nonfinancial companies into debt. "Enforced indebtedness" then reduces the quality of credit in the economy. In an international context, the present system of capital adequacy regulation reinforces this indebtedness. Proposals for "dynamic provisioning" to increase capital requirements during an economic boom would simply accelerate the boom's collapse. Contingent commitments to lend to governments in the event of private-sector lending withdrawals, alongside lending to foreign private-sector borrowers, are a much more viable alternative.


An achievable scheme for zero-delay transmission of an i.i.d. Gaussian source over an additive white Gaussian noise channel with no bandwidth limitation is introduced, and its energy-distortion performance is analyzed. By the nature of the problem, one must transmit each source sample separately but can use the channel infinitely many times. The proposed scheme builds on separation of source and channel coding, whereby the source is quantized into "equiprobable" cells so that the output can be seen as a message suitable for channel coding. Moreover, as the number of quantization cells go to infinity, the channel capacity can be approached with arbitrarily small error. In the high energy-to-noise ratio regime, the minimum energy required to obtain a given distortion level in the proposed scheme can come as close as 3dB to the Shannon bound, which can only be achieved using infinite delay.


The Redundant Independent Mechanical Start System (RIMSS) is a gas turbine powered, mechanically coupled start system for the Allison AG9140 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator Sets (SSGTGs) of the U.S. Navy's DDG-51 Class ships. The system will be original equipment on DDG-86 and follow. It will also be a candidate for backfit onto earlier DDG-51 Class ships.This paper describes RIMSS and details a very successful phase of the RIMSS program. All U.S. Navy testing was conducted on an Allison AG9140 located at the Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center-Ship Systems Engineering Station, DDG-51 Gas Turbine Ship Land Based Engineering Site (NSWCCD-SSES LBES), Figure 1. The test agenda included 516 SSGTG starts and 75 SSGTG motoring cycles. The primary goal was to validate engine life predictions for the Allison 250-C20B gas turbine engine in the RIMSS application. A secondary goal was to evaluate the overall RIMSS system during an extended period of operation.Copyright © 1997 by ASME


Let A be a unital Banach algebra, and denote the spectral radius of f 2 A by (f). If A is a uniform algebra and (fh + 1) = (gh + 1) for all h 2 A, then it can be shown that f = g, a result that also carries in algebras of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces. On the other hand (fh) = (gh) does not imply f = g in any unital algebra, marking a distinction between the polynomials p(z,w) = zw + 1 and p(z,w) = zw. Such results are known as spectral identification lemmas, and in this work we demonstrate first- and second-degree polynomials of two variables that lead to identification via the spectral radius, peripheral spectrum, or full spectrum in uniform algebras and in algebras of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces. The primary usefulness of identification lemmas is to determine the injectivity of a class of mappings that preserve portions of the spectrum, and results corresponding to the given identifications are also presented.


This paper analysed the hidden troubles affecting the long-term safe operation of HV XLPE power cables and identified the hazards,taking practical case as an example.The authors also recommended preventive measures.


J ust a year ago last September, the mathematics laboratory program at the Oak Hill Elementary School was still a dream. A few plans had been made during the previous spring for an initial purchase of materials, and the first job in the fall was to find "the place." It was decided to convert a small storage room on the basement floor into a mathematics laboratory. By the end of the year, the dream had become a reality the laboratory approach to learning mathematics had become a vital part of the mathematics program in the whole school.


This paper discusses online partial discharge detection in medium voltage cables using protection/instrument current transformers. It was presented at the Second UHVNet Colloquium on high voltage measurement and insulation research in 2009.


We present a model to predict the clustering properties of X-ray selected clusters in flux-limited surveys. Our technique correctly accounts for past light-cone effects on the observed clustering and follows the non-linear evolution in redshift of the underlying dark matter correlation function and cluster bias factor. The conversion of the limiting flux of a survey into the corresponding minimum mass of the hosting dark matter haloes is obtained by using theoretical and empirical relations between mass, temperature and X-ray luminosity of galaxy clusters. Finally, our model is calibrated to reproduce the observed cluster counts adopting a temperature-luminosity relation moderately evolving with redshift. We apply our technique to three existing catalogues: the ROSAT Brightest Cluster sample (BCS); the X-ray brightest Abell-type cluster sample (XBACs); the ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray sample (REFLEX). Moreover, we consider an example of possible future space missions with fainter limiting flux. In general, we find that the amplitude of the spatial correlation function is a decreasing function of the limiting flux and that the Einstein-de Sitter models always give smaller correlation amplitudes than open or flat models with low matter density parameter Ω 0m . In the case of the XBACs catalogue, the comparison with previous estimates of the observational spatial correlation shows that only the predictions of models with Ω 0m = 0 . 3 are in good agreement with the data, while the Einstein-de Sitter models have too low a correlation strength. Finally, we use our technique to discuss the best strategy for future surveys. Our results show that to study the clustering properties of X-ray selected clusters the choice of a wide area catalogue, even with a brighter limiting flux, is preferable to a deeper, but with smaller area, survey. dependence of the physical properties of the clusters contained in the catalogues presented in the previous subsection. These results are obtained using the relations described in Section


The controversial role of the dry Saharan Air Layer (SAL) on tropical storm intensification in the Atlantic will be addressed. The SAL has been argued in previous studies to have potential positive influences on storm development, but most recent studies have argued for a strong suppressing influence on storm intensification as a result of dry air, high stability, increased vertical wind shear, and microphysical impacts of dust. Here, we focus on observations of Hurricane Helene (2006), which occurred during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Activities (NAMMA) experiment. Satellite and airborne observations, combined with global meteorological analyses depict the initial environment of Helene as being dominated by the SAL, although with minimal evidence that the SAL air actually penetrated to the core of the disturbance. Over the next several days, the SAL air quickly moved westward and was gradually replaced by a very dry, dust-free layer associated with subsidence. Despite the wrapping of this very dry air around the storm, Helene intensified steadily to a Category 3 hurricane suggesting that the dry air was unable to significantly slow storm intensification. Several uncertainties remain about the role of the SAL in Helene (and in tropical cyclones in general). To better address these uncertainties, NASA will be conducting a three year airborne campaign called the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3). The HS3 objectives are: To obtain critical measurements in the hurricane environment in order to identify the role of key factors such as large-scale wind systems (troughs, jet streams), Saharan air masses, African Easterly Waves and their embedded critical layers (that help to isolate tropical disturbances from hostile environments). To observe and understand the three-dimensional mesoscale and convective-scale internal structures of tropical disturbances and cyclones and their role in intensity change. The mission objectives will be achieved using two Global Hawk (GH) Unmanned Airborne Systems (UASs) with separate comprehensive environmental and over-storm payloads. The GH flight altitudes (>16.8 km) allow overflights of most convection and sampling of upper-tropospheric winds. Deployments from Goddard s Wallops Flight Facility and ~26-hour flight durations will provide coverage of the entire Atlantic Ocean basin, and on-station times up to 5-22 h depending on storm location. Deployments will be in September of 2012 and from late-August to late- September 2013-2014, with up to eleven 26-h flights per deployment.


Metabolic effects of N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (DBcAMP) were studied in 10 anesthetized patients who were divided at random into two groups each consisting of 5 patients. DBcAMP dissolved in 200ml of physiological saline was administered intravenously at a rate of 10mg/min for 20min in one group and 20mg/min for 20min in the other group. DBcAMP infusion at either rate increased levels of blood glucose, immunoreactive plasma insulin, blood pyruvate and blood redox-potential while it reduced levels of glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid and inorganic phosphate. These findings suggest that 200 and 400mg of DBcAMP stimulates glycogenolysis and glycolysis but inhibits lipolysis in man.


Effects of the inlet-stream deflection on the temporal and spatial evolution processes of the in-cylinder flow structures (tumble/swirl) and turbulence intensities in the symmetry and diametral planes of a motored four-valve, four-stroke engine are diagnosed by using a particle image velocimeter. The inception, establishment, and evolution of the tumbling/swirling vortical flow structures during the intake and compression strokes in the engine cylinder with/without inlet-stream deflection are depicted and compared. Quantitative strengths of the rotating vortical flow motions are presented by dimensionless parameters (tumble and swirl ratios) which can represent the mean angular velocity of the vortices in the target plane. The turbulence intensity is calculated by using the measured time-varying velocity data. The results show that by deflecting the inlet air-stream the tumble and swirl ratios of the in-cylinder flow are appreciably increased by about 0.1 and the turbulence intensity is increased by about 5 ∼ 10%.


A bidirectional interactive education becomes one of the important issues in computer-supported education area. The current computer-supported education system is often composed of an interactive whiteboard (IWB) for a teacher and personal computers or tablets such as iPad and Android tablets for students. Even though a tablet is good for providing various multimedia materials to the students, however, it cannot support the sufficient functionality to capture their feedbacks, especially handwriting inputs. This paper introduces a bidirectional interactive education system based on a position pattern technology. The proposed system consists of an IWB for a teacher, and digital pens and smart papers for students. In the proposed system, a teacher can communicate interactively with his/her students via an IWB and smart papers. Therefore, it is believed to be very useful framework for the computer-supported collaborative learning either in a classroom locally or in distance learning over the Internet.


The Double-LIB is an ATM-based switch architecture we have proposed for distributed memory multiprocessor systems. It is essentially a development of the Limited Intermediate Buffer (LIB) idea which was originally proposed to overcome the drawbacks of input and output buffered ATM switches. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of the Double-LIB and then proceed to report some simulation-based performance results. It is our conclusion that the Double-LIB switch is promising as a solution to the distributed memory multiprocessor communication problem.


We present numerical‐model experiments to investigate the dynamics of tropical‐cyclone amplification and its predictability in three dimensions. For the prototype amplification problem beginning with a weak‐tropical‐storm‐strength vortex, the emergent flow becomes highly asymmetric and dominated by deep convective vortex structures, even though the problem as posed is essentially axisymmetric. The asymmetries that develop are highly sensitive to the boundary‐layer moisture distribution. When a small random moisture perturbation is added in the boundary layer at the initial time, the pattern of evolution of the flow asymmetries is changed dramatically, and a non‐negligible spread in the local and azimuthally‐averaged intensity results. We conclude, first, that the flow on the convective scales exhibits a degree of randomness, and only those asymmetric features that survive in an ensemble average of many realizations can be regarded as robust; and secondly, that there is an intrinsic uncertainty in the prediction of maximum intensity using either maximum‐wind or minimum‐surface‐pressure metrics. There are clear implications for the possibility of deterministic forecasts of the mesoscale structure of tropical cyclones, which may have a major impact on the intensity and on rapid intensity changes.


Cutaneous mucinoses are seen as an histologic epiphenomenon in various dermatoses (secondary mucinoses), or as specific dermatoses (primary mucinosis). Two cases of papulonodular mucinosis (PNM), a primary mucinosis, are presented. They occurred in a context of connective tissue disease. In case 1, an acute systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) occurred in a 25-year-old woman in the fourth month of pregnancy. Light-red pruritic papules on the trunk and a parietal alopecia led to the diagnosis of a PNM, which regressed completely under treatment by oral steroids and hydroxychloroquine. Case 2 reports the repeated appearance of a PNM on the trunk, the knees and the elbows of a 41-year-old man, who was treated by oral steroids for a dermatomyositis (DM). No remission of the PNM could be obtained with oral steroids and hydroxychloroquine. PNM's histology shows dermal deposits of mucin along the collagen fibers without any sign of LE or DM. The association of PNM and DM is, in contrast to the association of PNM and LE, extremely rare. Rongioletti et al. (1993) (13) found PNM in 1.5% of cases of LE. Among the patients suffering from PNM and SLE, they found systemic form of LE in 75%, of cases kidney involvement in 50% and joint involvement in 40%. PNM can precede connective tissue disease by years. Awareness of PNM might permit more frequent detection of this entity and establishment of potential prognostic significance.


Quality attributes grouped under the term of dependability have been the subject of research for over fifty years. During this time, dependability and its quality attributes have been overloaded with many different definitions. This thesis will therefore take a detailed look at the most important quality attributes of dependability. Dependability plays a special role in software that is used in the embedded systems of vehicles. During the development process for these systems, different techniques are used in order to achieve dependability. In this work, I will present selected examples of this. Using these techniques leads to improvements of certain aspects of dependability; however, they can also negatively affect other non-functional aspects of the software. Occasionally, trade-offs must be made even during the development phase, when, for example, improving one quality attribute inevitably negatively affects another attribute. In order to identify acceptable trade-offs, one needs the means to make objective decisions. In order to do this, it must be possible to test the quality attribute requirements of the software design under consideration. This allows the use of formal models, which measure the extent to which a given software design can fulfill specified requirements. My work builds on the approach of the Architecture Expert ArchE, a CASE-tool that was developed at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University. This tool is based on the concept of software development as the state space exploration of alternative designs. Until now, the experience and intuition of the user greatly influenced the search strategies in ArchE, especially when making trade-offs between the quality attributes of the design. I will show how the task of finding suitable trade-offs can be automated to a large extent, so that the search for acceptable design alternatives requires less input from the user. A brief overview of various approaches to the quantitative evaluation of these mechanisms will also be provided. As a real-world example, I will summarize my reverse engineering efforts to understand the architectural design of an automotive body computer, which enabled me to perform a quality attribute driven analysis of the system. Simple formal models, which use structural information of the software system to assess modifiability and run-time performance, will be introduced. In order to assess the impacts of methods and mechanisms for improving dependability, the information received from my reverse engineering efforts will be used.


Mitigative effect of ascorbic acid(ASA) on high temperature stress of lily tissue culture plantlets was studied under 42 ℃.The results showed that treated with ASA,the activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT) and ASA contents increased,the leakage of electrolyte and MDA contents decreased.It is concluded that ASA treatment could enhance the thermotolerance of lily tissue cultured plantlets.


Jharkhand is a highly multi-lingual Indian state, which is home to at least 33 indigenous communities, who speak around 20 mother languages. The new state used to experience the highest dropout of children at primary level in India. The author set up a research centre on children's languages, M-TALL Akhra. The mother-language based centre focused on research and innovation in language and education. It conducted a state wide linguistic survey, which revealed that 96 percent children in the state spoke in indigenous languages, which are very different from the school's Hindi language. Children failed to understand the language of textbooks, teachers and examination. Hence, they left school. M-TALL Akhra developed bilingual picture dictionaries in 9 indigenous languages for children in early grades. Then 'Bhasha Puliya' (language bridge) with content for pre-school education was developed. The piloting enabled around 80% children to acquire desired school readiness. It led to expansion of the programme to 7,200 pre-school education centres. Finally, it was upscaled across the board with improvised contents. Then M-TALL Akhra developed culture sensitive primary textbooks in 16 indigenous languages in five scripts. These textbooks, published in 7 languages since 2016, are used by indigenous children in around a thousand schools. A second linguistic survey was conducted recently by M-TALL Akhra for the state to design a foundational literacy numeracy (FLN) roadmap for children as desired under the National Education Policy, 2022.


In this paper the description of the two - dimensional modeling program of irregularly shaped objects is given. The program is very easy to use, it works fast and has many other advantages.


Objective To invesgate the effects of short term insulin pump therapy on endothelia-dependent flow-mediated dilatation(FMD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in different courses.Methods One hundred four T2DM patients(DM group)were divided,according to course of disease,into subgroups 1-year(DM1 subgroup,n=38),1~5-year(DM2 subgroup,n=34),6~10-year(DM2 subgroup,n=32),and 30 healthy subjects(NC group)were enrolled.All patients received high-frequency ultrasound to determine brachial artery FMD.DM group were reviewed after insulin pump intensification therapy,fasting insulin detected and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)calculated.Results There was significant difference between 2 groups in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2 h blood glucose(2 hPG),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),HOME-IR and FMD(P0.05).There was significant difference in levels of FPG、2 hPG、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HOME-IR between post-and pre-treatments in DM group(P0.05).There was difference in FMD between pre-and post-treatment in subgroups DM1 and DM2(P0.01),but not in subgroup DM3(P0.05).FMD was negatively correlated with HbA1c(r=-0.732,P0.01),FPG(r=-0.285,P0.01),HOMA-IR(r=-0.573,P0.01),positively with HDL-C(r=0.379,P0.05).Taking FMD as dependent variable to perform multiple linear regression analysis,the regression equation was:FMD=10.685-0.432 HbA1c-2.507TG.Conclusion Insulin pump intensification therapy can improve remarkably FMD in T2DM patients with short-term course of disease.


anticipated within three or four months. Rarely there may persist some enfeeblement of muscles in the limbs. I have a general impression, although unsupported by any figures in proof of it, that the nervous sequels of this disease have been less frequently met with since treatment by antitoxin has been employed. We are fairly justified in anticipating that such may be the case. As indicating the remarkable advance made in pathological and clinical study in quite recent times I may recall here a passage taken from Sir Thomas Watson's classical lectures to be found in the last edition, issued just twenty-five years ago. He remarks: " All these sequelie are significant of blood poisoning. We cannot suppose that the nervous symptomstransient and wandering as they often are-can have their cause in any grave or material damage in the nervous centres. They denote, I presume, disturbed nutrition of the tissues from imperfect or altered conditions of its circulating blood." Watson was right in his belief that the nerve centres were not involved, but the whole subject of neuritis in its many forms now constitutes a new chapter in medicine, one for which few materials existed in Watson's time, and those the careful observations of Chomel and of Graves, now sixty-eight years old, which might have, but somehow did not, set inquirers upon the track to discover peripheral neuritis. As indicating how the supervention of a new infection may prepare the way for fresh outbursts of diphtherial disease, I may quote the case, recorded by Dr. Hayward, of a child who, while recovering from diphtheria, was attacked with measles. On the invasion of the latter there was a renewed activity of the lingering diphtherial bacilli with a reformation of'faucial membrane. Disorders of the mucous membrane of the nose and ostitis are to be included amongst the occasional sequels of diphtheria, also post-nasal adenoid growths. It is probable, if not certain, that some of the' post-diphtherial -sequels are due, as in other cases, to the results of mixed bacillary infections. The commonly associated bronchopneumonia has been proved'to be due to specific'bacillary 'invasion of the lung. Malignant endocarditis is sometimes-a sequel of diphtheria. Malarial Fevers.-The sequels of these present several problems upon which much light has been recently shed since the discovery of their intimate nature and their dependence upon the several phases of the life of certain heematozoa or sporozoa. We have the fact that, a'obrding to the degree of impregnation of ithe system by these parasitic bodies, there remains for long, sometimes for life, a tendency to recurrence of specific pyretic processes under certain provocations, and, not seldom, the establishment of what is well known as malarial cachexia. A subject of the latter condition may resist all treatment and die of aniemia or from haemorrhage. The liver and spleen' are commonly, but not always, enlarged. Paraplegia, sometimes spastic, 'has occasionally been noted. Intermittent paralyses, intermittent aphasia, cramps, hyperaesthesia, ansthesia, articular pain and swellings, (edema, and urticaria, very specially have been noted to follow malarial impregnation, a of these impressed with a periodic or intermittent 'character. These strange conditions we now explain by reference to the particular organs 'infested from time to time, and yielding manifestations of the development Qf the specific blood parasite. Saccharine diabetes is sometimes distinctly traceable to previous malarious impregnation. Neuralgia in various forms has been noted as a sequel affecting intercostal, occipital, sciatic, and testicular' branches. The supra-orbital .branch of the fifth.-' cranial 'nerve is especially liable to be thus involved, the'cOndition being sometimes' described as "brow ague." We hiave to be careful in assigning to malarial influence any conditions tof a periodic or intermittent character which may' not 'certainly be connected with submission, at some time or 'other, to exposure to specific haematozoal infection. It -is a character of all neuralgias to be paroxysmal and intermittent, even, as showg by Weir Mitchell, when of traumatic origin. But'it appears certain'that the effects of malatial. impregnation mday for many years induce a condition which Imodifies the eouirse and characters of other ailments. ' Thus, 'according to Fayrer, " periodicity complicates all diseasest in India." A chiyluinduced in-any way inayawaiken attivity! ;a-fEbrrile-,mit', ih §:!r'ls' ift;1'r4~utjecffi)A t,,Viiltial influence. Neurasthenia and spasmodic asthma are amongst the protean manifestations recognised in this relation, also intermittent torticollis, and a rebellious form of hiccough. This peculiar latency of malarial influence has now. been considered with reference to the modern doctrines held as to the nature of the disease. It is believed that the malarial germs are not absolutely destroyed, but only rendered impotent or latent by drugs held in repute for cure such as quinine and arsenic.' Improved general health of the patient appears to render the heematozoa latent for a time. New forms of illness may induce fresh activity of the hithertQ latent germs. According to Manson the causes of latency are various even for the same micro-organism. It has been proved that individuals may become immunised to the toxins of bacilli, although the microbes may continue to exist anid grow. The latter may thus apparently remain latent or dormant, englobed in cells, or prevented by a barrier of cells. from gaining access to the body (Washbourni). In malarial infection there is often evidence of the presence.of varieties. of hnematozoa or admixture of parasites, each of which may cause various types of fever. Quinine has more power ii destroying some of these than others. It appears certain that some of these, bodies undergo development in various organs of the body, especially the liver, spleen, intestinal mucous membrane, brain, and bone marrow. Many of the symptoms appear to depend upon the organ selected for their accommodation and sporulation. The blood is most impregnated at the beginning of a paroxysm of fever, and least so in the apyretic intervals.i As Manson has pointed out,. the principal acts in the drama in pernicious cases are played out in the viscera, whence at intervals, swarms of parasites are. embolically shed' into the circulation, produeing the -varied symptoms of malarial pyrexia. We may eetollnt' for the lingering tendency to re.currence of paroxysms by supposing' that the specific haematozoa in a given case have never been quite annihilated, but have remained latent 'and quiescent,. locked up, as it were, in some viscus or.tissue of 'the body, and only set free by the onset of some general' disturbance which lowers the vitality and resistance of the' patient. I think we may fairly anticipate that some absolute proof in support of this conception will be presented to usibefore tllelapse of many years.


Experiments using animal and human larynx models are often conducted without a vocal tract. While it is reasonable to assume the absence of a vocal tract has only small effects on vocal fold vibration, it is unclear how sound production and its perception will be affected. In this study, the validity of using data obtained in the absence of a vocal tract for voice perception studies was investigated. Using a two-layer self-oscillating physical model, three series of voice stimuli were created: one produced with conditions of left-right symmetric vocal fold stiffness, and two with left-right asymmetries in vocal fold body stiffness. Each series included a set of stimuli created with a physical vocal tract, and a second set created without a physical vocal tract. Stimuli were re-synthesized to equalize the mean F0 for each series and normalized for amplitude. Listeners were asked to evaluate the three series in a sort-and-rate task. Multidimensional scaling analysis will be applied to examine the perceptual...


This index of the book Josephus, the Emperors, and the City of Rome: From Hostage to Historian presents a list of modern authors relevant to the development of a relationship between Josephus and Vespasian. The book focuses on establishing that Josephus was not a cosseted member of the Flavian court, undertaking a systematic investigation into Josephus' relationships with the emperors in order to build on the consensus that has grown at least within specialized scholarship on Josephus.Keywords: Josephus; Rome


Iron-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used extensively in the study of iron porphyrins and hemoproteins since its discovery in 1957. A discussion of the theoretical and experimental aspects of Mossbauer spectroscopy is given in recent books by Goldanskii and Herber' and by Greenwood and Gibb.2 There are review articles on the Mossbauer spectroscopy of hemoproteins3*'' and recent articles on fivecoordinated hemins5s6 and binuclear p-oxobis[porphinatoiron(III)] complexes.' This paper will be concerned only with six-coordinated iron porphins containing iron(II), the hemochromes, and iron(III), the hemichromes. A summary of the Mossbauer data reported in the literature on these compounds will be presented first, followed by the results and discussion of new Mossbauer data we have recently obtained on several a,fi,y,6-tetraarylporphin iron hemichromes and hemochromes. Porphyrin abbreviations used in this paper are given in TABLE 1.


In this work a wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems is proposed, with the objective of prolonging the battery life of the receiver. A novel receiver that capitalizes on the presence of a redundant portion of the OFDMA signal, i.e, the cyclic prefix (CP), to harvest energy that can be used to reduce the power consumption of the OFDMA digital signal processing at the receiver, is described. The concept of self-sustainability, a condition achieved when the amount of harvested energy from the received signal is sufficient to perform the digital signal processing at the receiver, is introduced. A parametric model to study the feasibility of several levels of self-sustainability, is provided and an analytical condition to ensure their achievability is derived. Numerical findings show that, under certain reasonable conditions, the full self-sustainability can be achieved for CP sizes compliant with the existing telecommunication standards.


A stable auroral red (SAR) arc was recorded the night of September 28/29 from stations at Fritz Peak, Colorado, and Richland, Washington. The first direct determination of position and altitude of an SAR arc was accomplished by triangulation from these two stations. The appearance of this arc marks the definite recurrence of this phenomenon after an apparent absence of four years. The arc occurred southward of an intense auroral display, and it was aligned parallel to lines of constant L. Average intensity of [O I] 6300 A emission in the brightest part of the arc was approximately 150 R. Altitude of the brightest region was determined from angular coordinates at the two stations to be 400 km at 0745 UT. A typical width across the narrow dimension of the arc was 160 km between half-maximum intensity values. A sector of the arc almost 4200 km long was simultaneously within the combined range of the two stations. The arc occurred during a period of high magnetic activity, and though a comparably intense aurora borealis occurred the night before (September 27/28), no SAR arc was observed from either station.


ollowing John Aubrey, the story usually told of John Milton and Thonias Hobbes is that they were "diametrically opposite" on the topics oftheir day.' Ifone thought one thing, the other would have been opposed, and it falls to contemporary scholars to say how and why. Milton was a pious republican and an advocate for free speech and religious toleration. Hobbes therefore must have been all that Milton was not: an atheist, an absolutist, and a conformist. From Marjorie H. Nicolson in 1926 to Catherine Gimelli Martin in 1999, the contrasts have been drawn vividly and have even yielded some remarkably insightful scholarship: with Aubrey's evaluation inevitably buttressing the argument, Hobbes and Milton have regularly proven useful foils for one another.2 Yet unremarked upon in such studies is the fact that at some point, Aubrey, who returned to his Lives over many years, decided such language was too categorical, and so replaced the symbol editors have taken to mean "diametrically opposite" with something softer: "Their Interests and


Racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery is a rare entity characterized by enlarged and convoluted bronchial arteries which can cause hemoptysis. The therapeutic options include lobectomy of a pulmonary lobe and ligation of the bronchial artery. Recently less invasive bronchial artery embolization (BAE) has increasingly been employed. This paper deals with a case of recurrent hemoptysis due to racemose hemangioma treated by thoracoscopic ligation after unsuccessful BAE. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis. Arteriography showed a dilat-ed and convoluted right bronchial artery and a shunt between the right bronchial and pulmonary arteries. Racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery was diagnosed and BAE was performed. However, she had recurrent bouts of hemoptysis after BAE. Arteriography showed recanalization of the right bronchial artery, and thoracoscopic ligation of bronchial artery was performed. Hemoptysis has not recurred as of one year after the operation. BAE is known as minimally invasive and effective treatment of racemose hemangioma, but thoracoscopic ligation of the bronchial artery may be an effective for relapse of racemose hemangioma after BAE.


Objective To investigate the relevant factors of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Methods In our hospital from March 1997 to March 2007, 900 cases diagnosed with gastric cancer patients with clinical data, and statistical data were analysed. Results Gastric cancer incidence rate of growth increased with age, with 46 to 61 years(average age is 50.35 years old) for the high incidence of age, and male patients mainly tumor sites were mainly located in the antrum;Its pathological type adenocarcinoma dominated. Conclusion The incidence of gastric cancer with age, sex has been significantl, its location and pathological types also have some new features, in the course of diagnosis and treatment should arouse the attention of clinicians.


The 36-year-long civil war in Guatemala was predominantly waged in rural areas. In post-conflict Guatemala, the battlefield for socio-economic recovery is also in rural areas since much poverty remains in the rural sector. Thus, any researchers or practitioners of post-conflict development need to know the basic facts concerning the rural economy of Guatemala. This need is particularly evident given that the Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) is heading for implementation.1) As CAFTA-DR involves trade liberalization in the agricultural sector, it will influence the rural economy of Guatemala. Therefore, we must pay heed to the possible impact of CAFTA-DR on the Guatemalan rural economy.2) This article attempts to answer the following questions. What is the socio-economic structure of the rural economy in Guatemala? What kind of agricultural products do farmers produce? Will poor farmers in Guatemala decrease their production of traditional crops such as white corn (maize) because of cheaper imports due to CAFTA-DR? Will they benefit from CAFTA-DR? Will they migrate en masse to the United States? What are the lessons for future research? In order to tackle these questions, we have surveyed a number of articles prepared by experts. In this paper we will use two kinds of academic resources. First, we will use articles which survey the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on Mexico. NAFTA is the first free trade agreement between two developed countries (the United States and Canada) and a developing country (Mexico). The southern states of Mexico such as Chiapas and Oaxaca are directly comparable to the Guatemalan rural sector. The impact of NAFTA on Mexico could be considered, therefore, as a model case for CAFTA-DR's future impact on the rural economy of Guatemala.3) Second, we will make use of a few articles that directly try to How Would the Guatemalan Rural Economy Respond to CAFTA-DR?: A Survey


Summary
This study evaluated the quality of oil extracted from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) by enzymatic hydrolysis (EHO) compared with oil extracted by traditional methods, such as the physical method of cooking and pressing after fishmeal production and the chemical solvent method. The oil extracted by EHO presented the lowest acidity (1.96% oleic acid) and peroxide indexes (5.14 mEq O2 kg−1 of oil) and the highest levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (6.05g 100 g−1) and docosahexaenoic acid (27.15 g 100 g−1), two omega-3 fatty acids with high nutritional value. Importantly, oil extraction from yellowfin tuna heads using EHO produced oil rich in omega-3s with no oxidation. This study shows that this extraction method greatly increases the value of fish by-products and increases the competitiveness of the fishing industry.


Almost all the Turks living in Switzerland belong to the Moslem faith. According to the teachings of the Koran, the nucleus of human society is a patriarchal extended family in which the roles, tasks, and duties of the individual members are very precisely set down according to sex, sexual maturity, and current age. In contrast to other holy writs, the Koran does not stop at creating an order and discipline for the individual, but also regulates in concrete terms all relations in the social and economic environments of human beings.


The novel probabilistic models of the random variations in nanoscale MOSFET's high frequency performance defined in terms of gate capacitance and transition frequency have been proposed. As the transition frequency variation has also been considered, the proposed models are considered as complete unlike the previous one which take only the gate capacitance variation into account. The proposed models have been found to be both analytic and physical level oriented as they are the precise mathematical expressions in terms of physical parameters. Since the up-to-date model of variation in MOSFET's characteristic induced by physical level fluctuation has been used, part of the proposed models for gate capacitance is more accurate and physical level oriented than its predecessor. The proposed models have been verified based on the 65 nm CMOS technology by using the Monte-Carlo SPICE simulations of benchmark circuits and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests as highly accurate since they fit the Monte-Carlo-based analysis results with 99% confidence. Hence, these novel models have been found to be versatile for the statistical/variability aware analysis/design of nanoscale MOSFET-based analog/mixed signal circuits and systems.


Objective: To observe the expressions of AT1 and AT2 receptors in different tissues of human fetuses.Methods: The expressional levels of AT1 and AT2 receptors were determined in human fetuses by immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR.Results: By immunohistochemistry,the AT1 receptor protein was mainly expressed in muscle fibers of heart,fetal zone of adrenal gland,proximal convoluted tubule of kidney,cylindrical epithelia of tracheal glands,stratum spinosm,epithelia of sweat glands and hair follicular of skin,smooth muscle fibers of umbilical artery,smooth muscle of pneumonic arteriole,trophoblastic cells of placenta,hepatocytes,etc.While the AT2 receptor protein was mainly expressed in muscle fibers of heart,fetal zone of adrenal gland,proximal convoluted tubule of kidney,cylindrical epithelium and tracheal glands of trachea,stratum spinosm,smooth muscle fiber of umbilical artery,hepatocytes,etc.By Real-time PCR assay,AT1 receptor expressed from higher to lower levels in stomach,umbilical cord,lung,trachea,liver,placenta,kidney,heart and adrenal gland,respectively.While from higher to lower levels,AT2 receptor expressed in umbilical cord,stomach,lung,placenta,heart,kidney,trachea,liver and adrenal gland,respectively.Conclusion: AT1 and AT2 receptors were selectively expressed in variety of fetal tissues.AT1 receptor was mainly expressed in the stomach,umbilical cord,lung,trachea,liver and placenta,while AT2 receptor was mainly expressed in the umbilical cord,stomach,lung,placenta,heart and kidney.The expression level of AT2 receptor was higher than that of AT1 in umbilical cord,heart,placenta,lung,kidney and stomach,which suggested that AT2 receptor plays a role in fetal development and organ maturation.


This is the editorial for the special issue 'Concord, Conflict and Co-existence: Religion and Society in the Middle East and North Africa'.


Objective To observe the effects of SLIPA laryngeal mask airway and endotreacheal intubation on hemodynamics and airway resistance.Methods Sixty general anesthesia patients scheduled for selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups with 30 cases each:SLIPA(A)group and endotreacheal intubation(B)group.SBP,DBP,HR and SpO2 were recorded at 6 time pionts:before intubation(T0),1 min(T1),3 min(T2)after intubation,before extubation(T3),1 min(T4),3 min(T5)after extubation.Pmean,Ppeak and PETCO2 were measured at T1-T3 under the tidal volume in 8 ml/kg respectively.And to observe the availability of intraoperative aspiration of reflux and postoperative throat complications.Results In group B,SBP,DBP and HR at T1,T3,T4 were higher than at T0 and at the same time points in group A(P0.05);Pmean and Ppeak were lower in group A than those in group B at T1 and T2(P0.05);The cases of postoperative throat discomfort in group B(9 cases)are more than in group A(2 cases)(P0.05).Conclusion SLIPA laryngeal mask airway induced less stress reaction and had fewer complications of throat after operation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful blood-borne factors. Although BBB dysfunction is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, therapies to restore BBB function are lacking. An attractive strategy is to repurpose developmental BBB regulators, such as Wnt7a, into BBB-protective agents. However, safe therapeutic use of Wnt ligands is complicated by their pleiotropic Frizzled signaling activities. Taking advantage of the Wnt7a/b-specific Gpr124/Reck co-receptor complex, we genetically engineered Wnt7a ligands into BBB-specific Wnt activators. In a "hit-and-run" adeno-associated virus–assisted CNS gene delivery setting, these new Gpr124/Reck-specific agonists protected BBB function, thereby mitigating glioblastoma expansion and ischemic stroke infarction. This work reveals that the signaling specificity of Wnt ligands is adjustable and defines a modality to treat CNS disorders by normalizing the BBB. Description Endothelial-targeted BBB therapeutics The brain is protected not only by the skull, but also by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which restricts transmission of substances from the blood into the central nervous system (CNS) extracellular fluid. If the BBB is breached, then neurological disorders result. Therefore, it is desirable to develop intervention strategies that correct BBB deficits by restoring its function. Wnt signaling proteins have been shown to regulate the BBB, and Martin et al. developed a large, single-residue mutational screen covering more than half of the exposed surface of Wnt7a (see the Perspective by McMahon and Ichida). They identified a class of variants that exhibit strict specificity for the BBB's Gpr124/Reck Wnt signaling module. Gpr124/Reck agonists display "on-target" neurovascular protective properties in stroke and glioblastoma models in mice without "off-target" Wnt activation in other tissues, thereby defining a strategy to alleviate CNS disorders by repairing the BBB. —BAP A screen for Wnt modulators reveals an activator that acts to protect the vertebrate brain. INTRODUCTION Central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells establish a selective filter at the interface between the blood and the brain tissue, called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is established during early embryogenesis and maintained throughout adulthood by neurovascular communications occurring within functionally integrated neurovascular units. In numerous CNS disorders, these homeostatic neurovascular microenvironments are disrupted, and consequently, excessive infiltrations of fluids, molecules, and cells alter the neuronal milieu and worsen disease outcome. Therapeutic strategies are needed for the restoration of compromised BBB function. RATIONALE An appealing strategy from a therapeutic standpoint is to repair the dysfunctional BBB by using the molecules that endogenously control its formation during embryogenesis. By respecting the developmental molecular logic of the target tissue, such an approach is best positioned to achieve physiological refunctionalization. More so, by focusing on the upstream regulators of BBB development, the likelihood of correctly setting the stage for a productive repair process increases. Wnt7a/b are some of the earliest and best characterized BBB-inducing signals across vertebrates and therefore constitute a priori prime candidates as BBB-repairing agents. Nonetheless, safe therapeutic use of Wnt ligands such as Wnt7a is unlikely because of their pleiotropic Frizzled (Fz) signaling activities and the widespread expression of Fz receptors across cells and tissues. However, at the BBB, Wnt7a/b ligands signal through an atypical receptor complex containing the adhesion G protein–coupled receptor Gpr124 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein Reck. We reasoned that this receptor complex, more than the Fz receptors themselves, could be exploited to achieve BBB repair with the required level of specificity. RESULTS Wnt ligands exhibit a conserved two-domain structure, each domain making one functionally important contact with Fz receptors. We discovered that a hemisected Wnt7a, lacking the C-terminal domain and its embedded Fz contact site, retained partial but selective activity on the Gpr124/Reck-containing receptor complexes of the BBB. This specificity provided proof-of-concept evidence that the presence of Gpr124/Reck changes the modalities of Fz-Wnt interactions, and that Wnt7a/b can be used as scaffolds to achieve Gpr124/Reck-specific agonism. Accordingly, a class of highly specific and fully active Gpr124/Reck agonists, differing from Wnt7a by only a single surface-exposed residue, was identified through large-scale mutagenesis. Mechanistically, the selectivity of the uncovered agonists resulted from their strict dependency on Reck and Gpr124 for Fz binding and activation. In contrast to the wild-type Wnt7a ligand or other canonical Wnt ligands, whose overexpression is incompatible with vertebrate development, Gpr124/Reck agonists were well tolerated in vivo, even when delivered ubiquitously during Xenopus or zebrafish early development, or throughout the neonatal mouse brain. Furthermore, Gpr124/Reck agonists exhibited therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of brain tumors and ischemic stroke, where long-lasting BBB normalization was achieved through a single "hit-and-run" intravenous gene delivery. By restoring endothelial Wnt signaling, Gpr124/Reck agonists normalized the BBB pleiotropically, affecting both the transcellular and paracellular permeability pathways. CONCLUSION This work reveals that the signaling specificity of Wnt ligands is adjustable and defines a modality to treat CNS neurological disorders by normalizing BBB function. Such BBB-focused intervention strategies have considerable potential as disease-modifying treatments or as secondary preventive agents in various CNS pathologies, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Repurposing Wnt7a ligands into BBB therapeutics. BBB dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of a large set of CNS disorders. Wnt7a/b ligands, which dominate the neurovascular differentiation cascade during vertebrate development, are here repurposed as safe BBB therapeutics by engineering them into highly specific Gpr124/Reck agonists. [Illustration created with BioRender]


In recent years, the theoretical convergence of iterative methods for solving nonlinear constrained optimization problems has been addressed using sequential optimality conditions, which are satisf...


Nowadays, cloud computing has become the center of attention in the IT world. It provides powerful computing services to individuals and organizations via the Internet, and enables them to access a pool of shared resources such as storage servers and applications. Businesses of all sizes are adopting cloud computing at an increasing rate as it provides them with great benefits like cost efficiency, since they do not actually have to buy the hardware and software resources, but simply pay per use. The cloud architecture consists of different levels in which each level gives the user additional control. Furthermore, a good operating system is crucial, and traditional operating systems cannot attain all the requirements of the cloud. For this reason, special operating systems need to be designed that can handle the demands of the cloud. This paper will discuss the cloud architecture and operating system.


ABSTRACT We present newly acquired data on the trace element composition and Sr–Nd–Pb-O isotopes of Pliocene – Holocene basalts of the Medvezhiy caldera located on the Iturup Island, Kuril arc. With its unique rhenium mineralization and high-Mg basalt volcanism, it is the largest caldera on the volcanic front of the Kurile Island arc. The calc-alkaline suite of rocks spanning the range from high-Mg basalts to high-Al basalts, has typical arc rock features, such as Nb-Ta depletion and LILE enrichment. The whole set of the caldera geochemical data is divided into two age units, pre- and postcaldera basalts. The precaldera basalts typify low-K, high-Al, basaltic suite of the frontal zones of «cold» subduction. PRIMACALC2 code and Arc Basalt Simulator version 3.1 forward model points to ~21.7% of partial melting of moderately depleted mantle peridotite with relatively high water content (~0.34 wt%) at the pressure of ~1.37 GPa. With similar isotope and trace element signatures, Late Pleistocene–Holocene basalts are marked by the high abundances of MgO (up to 11 wt %), but low Al2O3. The primary magmas were generated from depleted mantle with lower H2O content (~0.13%) and degree of partial melting (~9.5%), but at higher pressure (~1.77 GPa). The decompression scheme reproduces the fractionation trends of postcaldera magnesian basalts for most major elements but fails to explain the composition variations of the precaldera lavas. Their origin has been the matter of some complex processes in the shallow magma chamber. The abrupt change in the type of eruptions and magma composition of the caldera in Late Pleistocene–Holocene were related to a transformation of both the magma-feeding and melt generation systems as the result of geodynamic reorganization of the vast territory adjacent to the Sea of Japan and Kamchatka.


The dianion, [H2Ru4(CO)12]2−, showed excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of nitrobenzene, but not of benzaldehyde. In the presence of benzaldehyde under H2 pressure, the dianion was converted to a new species of good catalytic activity, which is closely similar to a complex obtained from the reaction of [H2Ru6(CO)18] with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene).


A ship's propulsion shafting system is subjected to varying magnitudes of intermittent loadings that pose great risks such as failure. Consequently, the dynamic characteristic of a propulsion shafting system must be designed to withstand the resonance that occurs during operation. This resonance results from hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and fluid. For ice-class vessels, this interaction takes place between the propeller and ice. Producing load- and resonance-induced stresses, the propeller-ice interaction is the primary source of excitation, making it a major focus in the design requirements of propulsion shafting systems. This paper examines the transient torsional vibration response of the propulsion shafting system of an ice-class research vessel. The propulsion train is composed of an electric motor, flexible coupling, spherical gears, and a propeller configuration. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of transient torsional vibration and propeller?ice interaction loading is first discussed, followed by an explanation of the actual transient torsional vibration measurements. Measurement data for the analysis were compared with an applied estimation factor for the propulsion shafting design torque limit, and they were evaluated using an existing international standard. Addressing the transient torsional vibration of a propulsion shafting system with an electric motor, this paper also illustrates the influence of flexible coupling stiffness design on resulting resonance. Lastly, the paper concludes with a proposal to further study the existence of negative torque on a gear train and its overall effect on propulsion shafting systems.


The article considers the calculation of the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in piston seals of piston hybrid power machines. The most widely used and effective seals are considered: a smooth gap seal and a step-type gap seal, and—based on the references analyses—the initial boundary conditions for their calculation are determined. The laminar and turbulent flows in gap seals are calculated based on the well-known analytical relationships, experimental studies and flow models, including the k-e, Menter's Shear StressTransport (SST) and Reynolds Stress (RSM) turbulence models. The effectiveness of using each model to determine average velocities, flow rates, and velocity plots in the cross section of a gap seal, as well as the adequacy of the description of known physical laws, is estimated. The results proved that the RSM turbulence model is better for the gap seals of different types under different modes of motion.


Two 3D-hybrid monolithic catalysts containing immobilized copper and palladium species on a silica support were synthesized by 3D printing and a subsequent surface functionalization protocol. The resulting 3D monoliths provided a structure with pore sizes around 300 μm, high mechanical strength, and easy catalyst recyclability. The devices were designed to perform heterogeneous multicatalytic multicomponent reactions (MMCRs) based on a copper alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) + palladium catalyzed cross-coupling (PCCC) strategy, which allowed the rapid assembly of variously substituted 1,2,3-triazoles using a mixture of tBuOH/H2O as solvent. The reusable multicatalytic system developed in this work is an example of a practical miniaturized and compartmental heterogeneous 3D-printed metal catalyst to perform MMCRs for solution chemistry.


Experimental results on the linewidth enhancement factor α of 1.3 μm (GaIn)(NAs) lasers are presented and analyzed on the basis of a comparison with theoretical data obtained from a microscopic model. Our experimental data are obtained from the shift of the Fabry–Perot modes with injection current using an approach to eliminate temperature-dependent artifacts. At the emission wavelength at threshold we find a value of 2.5 for α which clamps for varying injection current.


This article discusses the utilization of CRUISE software in the process of model development,The models simulates its dynamic and economy with the CRUISE software,and the calculated value is compared with the experimental results and the conclusion is given that calculated agrees with experimental.It shows that simulation of the new model is accurate and also may direct development of power system in new vehicle.


A statistical analysis is performed to investigate the significance of peak ground acceleration to velocity ratio (a/v) on the displacement ductility demand of simple bilinear hysteretic systems. Three groups of earthquake records representative of low, normal and high<a/v ranges are used as input ground motions. The design yield strength of the inelastic systems is specified from the base shear formula in the 1980 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 1980) and that in NBCC 1985 respectively. The former case represents the common practice of specifying seismic design base shear based on a peak site acceleration, while in the latter case the base shear is specified based on peak ground velocity and a/v ratio. Mean displacement ductility demands are obtained for the three groups of ground motions; and the corresponding dispersion characteristics are examined. The results show that the ground motion<a/v range has a significant effect on the displacement ductility demand, and it should be accounted for in design strength specification.


The effect of EDTA on the growth parameters, copper accumulation and the translocation of Cu from root to shoot tissues was analyzed in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr. Rona1 genotype) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf cv. Akklimat). Although treatment with 200 µM EDTA enhanced the growth parameters and the translocation factor for Cu in both species, it did not increase the total accumulation of copper in plants grown in the presence of 10 -6 M Cu 2+ concentration.


Objective To compare the percentage of early stage apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),reactive oxygen species(ROS) and calcium ion in ejaculated spermatozoa between normal subjects and infertile males with asthenospermia,in order to explore the correlations of all these indexes with sperm motility.Methods Fifty semen samples were collected.All the samples were washed,followed by Annexin V-FITC/PI,JC-1,DCFH-DA and Fluo3-AM staining,then flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of early stage apoptosis and mortality rate,MMP,ROS and calcium ion in spermatozoa.Results Compared with control group,the percentage of early stage apoptosis spermatozoa was significantly increased and MMP was significantly decreased in asthenospermia group(P0.01).Meanwhile the mortality rate of spermatozoa,calcium ion and ROS in spermatozoa were found no significant differences between two groups(P0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of early stage apoptosis and MMP deprivation(r=0.789,P0.01).Conclusion Increased percentage of early stage apoptosis and decreased MMP may be the important reasons for asthenospermia.Detection of MMP may have great value in predicting apoptosis of sperm.


THz TDS is one of tools, which can be effective for the security problem solution. As a rule, the detection and identification of substance is based on the spectral fingerprints: absorption frequencies of substance. To detect the substance, it is necessary to compare its absorption frequencies with those from database which contains the absorption frequencies of various substance. Therefore, a role of this data is one of the keys for the problem solution. As follows from analysis of papers, the measurements of the absorption frequencies were provided by using broadband THz pulse. Due to essential non-stationary response of a medium as well as broadband spectrum of the THz pulse, in the spectrum of pulse, transmitted through a substance, many additional frequencies appear. Among them maybe appear "false" absorption frequencies, appearance of which is caused by frequency conversion processes, as well as the frequencies, corresponding to a substance emission because of a high energy levels excitation due to the cascade mechanism. Both these mechanisms of the spectrum transformation strongly depend on the incident pulse duration. Another additional factor resulting in observing of the false absorption frequencies is disordered (or ordered) packing for the substance. In THz range of frequencies, the most part of the packing is a disordered photonic structure and developing of the strategy to avoid its influence on the efficiency of detection and identification of substance is a key problem. We discuss once more approach for solving this problem in this paper.


Identifying processes and times in a company it is important to provide quality service, the titling project employs an alternative to reduce time and optimize productivity in operational area, Ecuasecurity implement the procedures manuals that will allow to maximize efficiency and competitiveness to ensure that creativity and responsibility of all staff to meet business goals to develop. It consists of five chapters have been divided according to each process; Chapter 1, general data of the company which highlights aspects as detailed; Mission, Vision and Corporate Values and organizational structure. Chapter 2, all concepts that guides the company to develop mechanisms for ongoing continuous improvement mentioned. Chapter 3, we mentioned the current situation ie identifying functions, processes and threads with their respective times. Chapter 4, Instruction manuals procedures and training which aims to establish sequentially and detailed procedures running on Ecuasecurity is presented. Chapter 5, conclusions and recommendations that have emerged in the investigation are detailed.


T his session started with dr. Marchessault presenting highlights from her research project, " The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy: A Case study " (see pages 29–43 of this special Issue). semi-structured interviews with 28 participants revealed that a multitude of factors were involved in establishing MCHP. donald Orchard, then Minister of Health for Manitoba, and deputy Minister frank Maynard initiated discussions about creating a research centre. They were motivated by a need for information to guide decisions they faced in an era of financial pressure, by influential presentations from figures including dr. fraser Mustard and by the international reputation of


In discrete multitone (DMT) transceivers, a time domain equalizer (TEQ) is used to shorten the effective channel impulse response such that a shorter cyclic prefix can be used. We pose the TEQ design problem completely in the frequency-domain by defining a frequency-domain weighted least squares cost function. The definition of the frequency-domain TEQ design criterion, we show, allows for the introduction of a weighting function to control the spectral shape of the TEQ, and facilitates important extensions particularly useful for the DMT system. The TEQ can be used to suppress the noise and interference in the DMT system, a feature especially useful in the frequency division multiplexing based DMT system. Also, in the echo-cancellation based DMT system, the TEQ can be used to jointly shorten the echo response thus reducing the complexity of the echo canceler.


Understanding the complex patterns underlying phenotypic diversification across the tree of life has long been a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology. The modern evolutionary synthesis was characterized by the integration of disparate biological fields to better understand the diverse processes that drive phenotypic change. The centrality of the 'mosaic' evolutionary patterns that emerge from these diverse processes is a key feature of post-synthesis thought. Despite this fundamental importance, researchers have been limited in their ability to explore such complex patterns in nature analytically. However, recent advances in data collection provide new potential for investigating broad patterns shaping variation across the tree of life. These possibilities emphasize the need for new comparative approaches that will facilitate the examination of mosaic change. In this study, I introduce a novel comparative framework that accommodates the mosaic evolutionary processes that shape whole organisms. The approach recasts the comparative method to harness patterns in phenotypic disparity to identify macroevolutionary suites of continuous traits. Through demonstrations on simulated and empirical data, I demonstrate the utility of this new framework. This framework offers a first step toward evaluating mosaic variability comprehensively across whole organisms — an integrating goal of the modern synthesis.


Selenium-containing lead and bismuth compounds are of special interest since of their geochemical and mineralogical abundance. During the last decade there has been a surge of research activity in the study of PbO/Bi2O3– MxOy–SeO2 (M = Cu 2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, V5+; x=1,2; y=1,3,5) ternary system. The asymmetric [SeO3] 2– selenite groups with stereochemically active s2 lone electron pair, and Pb2+/Bi3+ cations with highly irregular coordination increase the chance to achieve non-centrosymmetric crystal structures. This may give rise to the discovery of novel polar materials with various applications. Here, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and structure of eight novel lead and bismuth selenites containing different transition metals. The crystals of three novel lead selenites with nickel α–PbNi(SeO3)2 (I), β–PbNi(SeO3)2 (II), and PbNi2(SeO3)2(SeO2OH)2 (III), and two lead vanadate selenites Pb4(V3O8)2(SeO3)3 (IV), and Pb2(VO2)(SeO3)2Cl (V) were obtained by hydrothermal method from aqueous solutions of PbO, SeO2, and NiO (for I–III) or V2O5 (IV, V). The compound Mn2(Bi2O)(SeO3)4 (VI) was prepared in a similar manner from aqueous solution of SeO2, BiOCl, Mn2O3, and MnO2. The reactions were performed in 23 mL Teflon-lined Parr reaction vessels heated in Thermo Scientific mechanical convection oven up to 200°C (I, V, VI), 220°C (II), 180°C (III), 210°C (IV). The products of novel selenites consisted of greenishyellow platy crystals of I–III and reddish-brown prismatic crystals of IV–VI up to 300 μm in maximal dimension. The crystals of two novel bismuth selenites Bi6(SeO3)4Cl10 (VII), and MnBi(SeO3)2Cl (VIII) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The mixture of Bi2O3, BiCl3, SeO2, and Mn2O3 powders was pressed into a disk, which was subsequently sealed in an evacuated silica-glass tube and heated at 400°C. The products consisted of transparent (VII) and brown platy crystals (VIII) ranging in maximal dimension up to 400 μm. Crystals selected for data collection were mounted on a Bruker DUO four-circle diffractometer equipped with an APEX II CCD detector and monochromated MoKα radiation. The structures were solved by direct methods. Traditional inorganic crystal chemistry based upon the concept of cation-centered polyhedra is applied to the most of the selenites reported herein. However, the structure of VI is described as consisting of strongly bonded structural units formed by oxocentered coordination polyhedra. Structural investigations revealed that the structures under consideration are based upon structural units of various shape and dimensionality.


ABSTRACT Family caregivers provide the predominance of care for loved ones requiring caregiving support in the United States. Quality of life and caregiver burden are impacted as caregivers age and their health declines. The purpose of this study was to determine if the domains of caregiver burden (time dependence, developmental, emotional, and impact of finances on caregiving) and informal social support were predictors of quality of life for aging parental caregivers of adult children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants (N = 320) included caregivers who were at least 50 years of age and had an adult child (18+) diagnosed with ASD. The findings indicated that three variables (developmental burden, emotional burden, and informal social support) entered the multiple linear regression analysis as significant predictors of quality of life after controlling for caregiver age and self-reported health. Social workers and other health professionals should be cognizant of health declines in caregivers that could impact their ability to provide care. They also should encourage family and friends to assist caregivers by providing emotional support and helping with everyday tasks. When visiting aging caregivers, professionals should look for signs of declining health and suggest the caregiver visit his or her primary care provider.


New design of a grid for preparation of high density granules with enhanced mechanical strength by granulation of dispersed materials is suggested. A method for hydrodynamic dimensioning of the grid depending on granulation conditions, hydrodynamic regime of the operation, dispersity and physicochemical characteristics of the materials to be granulated was suggested. The aim of the grid design is to solve the problems arising by the granulation of disperse materials. Keywords—fluidized bed reactor, granulation, porous silicate materials.


In basic media O-Benzoyl- and O-acetyl-2-benzylaminobenzamide oxime (8b, c) give 5-substituted 3-(2-benzylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (9a, b), while on heating in pure water 2-amino-1-benzylbenzimidazole (10) is formed. Reaction of 2-(N-acylbenzylamino)benzonitrile (12) with hydroxylamine, or treatment of O-acyl-2-(N-benzoylbenzylamino)benzamide oximes (8f, g) with acid give the novel 1,2-disubstituted 4(1H)-quinazolone oximes 13, which isomerize on heating with alkali by an ANRORC mechanism to the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles 9a, b.

Ringumwandlung von 1,2-disubstituierten 4(1H)-Chinazolonoximen zu 3,5-disubstituierten 1,2,4-Oxadiazolen

O-Benzoyl- und O-Acetyl-2-benzylaminobenzamidoxim (8b, c) ergeben in basischem Medium 5-substituierte 3-(2-benzylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (9a, b), wahrend Erhitzen in reinem Wasser zu 2-Amino-1-benzylbenzimidazol (10) fuhrt. Reaktion von 2-(N-Acylbenzylamino)benzonitril (12) mit Hydroxylamin, oder Behandlung von O-Acyl-2-(N-benzoylbenzylamino)benzamidoxim (8f, g) with Saure ergibt die neuen 1,2-disubstituierten 4(1H)-Chinazolonoxime 13, die beim Erwarmen in Gegenwart von Alkali nach einem ANRORC-Mechanismus zu den 1,2,4-Oxadiazolen 9a, b isomerisieren.


This paper describes the enhancement of power quality with improved DVR technology. Requirement of Power Quality (PQ) is one of the most important issues for power system. There are different methods to compensate the voltage sags and swells, one of the most popular methods of sags and swells compensation is Dynamic Voltage Restorer . DVR provides advanced and economic solution to compensate voltage sags and swells. This device can be implemented to protect a group of medium or low voltage consumers. This study present compensation of sags and swells voltage during single line to ground and three phase faults. By using DVR technology, power quality enhances, which is shown in simulation waveform.


The loss of stored electrons in Synchrotron Radiation Source (Indus-2) is due to the interaction of electron beam with the residual gas atoms present in the vacuum chamber and also electron-electron interaction within a beam bunch. These losses depend on the transverse and longitudinal acceptances available in ring for stable motion of electrons. In this article, theoretical estimations of physical acceptance and dynamic momentum acceptance of Indus-2 storage ring available for stable motion of electron beam is reported. The aperture available for stable beam motion in vertical and horizontal plane was measured using movable beam scrapers which are installed in one of the long straight sections in Indus-2 ring. The aperture measurements and analysis of collected data are presented. Beam experiments which were conducted to separate the contribution of vacuum and Touschek lifetime from the measured beam lifetime is discussed. The beam lifetime in low emittance electron storage rings is limited due to large angle intra-beam coulomb scattering (Touschek lifetime) within a high density electron bunch. For the enhancement of Touschek lifetime, alternative methods like enhancement in vertical beam emittance and RF phase modulation are also discussed in the theme article.


Presenters at the recent San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS; December 10–14, 2019) reported the latest findings in breast cancer research. NEJM


The article is an attempt to estimate the potential of reduction carbon dioxide emissions using microinstallation of renewable energy sources (RES) in single-family housing. Based on the energy demand of the building, statistical data including the average number of single-family buildings built per year and the average area of a single-family building, the forecasted national annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the implementation of microinstallations in single-family buildings was calculated. The research results indicated an annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the use of selected RES microinstallations only in the single-family housing sector at the level of 230,000 t/year.


To evaluate tumor responses, event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity of chemotherapy, children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and progressive low‐grade glioma were enrolled into the Children's Oncology Group (COG) A9952 protocol and treated with carboplatin and vincristine (CV).


Background: Aging is natural phenomena which all living organism experience. With aging, muscle loss and bone loss occur, and induce functional and physiological impairments. Fibroblast growth factor 2, FGF-2, is potent growth factor which induce muscle regeneration via satellite cell activation and osteogenic differentiation. In normal status, FGF-2 is increased and have beneficial effects on muscle and bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation. In aged status, FGF-2 in muscle is elevated as cell-autonomous response to repair the aged muscle fibers, however, it induce acceleration of muscle aging by depleting satellite cell, and effect of FGF-2 on bone is known. In spite of difference compared to the normal status, none of the studies investigate the effect of exercise on muscle and bone FGF-2 protein level in aged status. Therefore, in this study, we try to investigate the effect of exercise on muscle and bone FGF-2 protein level. Method: Twenty 19 months old C57B/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, OCON (old control group, n=7), ORT (old resistance exercise group, n=7) and OET (old endurance exercise group, n=6). 12 weeks of resistance ladder climbing exercise was conducted for ORT group and 12 weeks of treadmill exercise was conducted for OET group 3 days per week. Rough food intake was measured every week, and grip strength was measured every two weeks during intervention period. After the exercise intervention period, body composition was measured by DEXA (Duel Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry), and sacrificed. During sacrifice, soleus muscle (SOL), tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and femur were collected and weighted. Collected muscle tissues and bone tissues were frozen and stored in -70 °C right after the sample collection for protein analysis. ELISA protein assay were performed to measure the muscle and bone FGF-2 protein level. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, and the post-hoc test were conducted to analyze group difference. Also pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess correlation between hindlimb lean mass and muscle FGF-2 protein level. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.