The One Maryland One Book Program is a reading program sponsored by the nonprofit Maryland Humanities Council. The program involves an annual focus on promoting one book title for high school and adult readers. This article provides an overview of the program: a review of its oversight and funding, goals, implementation, resources, and outcomes. Also discussed are various partnerships with the nonprofit organization and issues of diversity.IntroductionThe One Maryland One Book Program (OMOB) is a reading program sponsored by the Maryland Humanities Council (MHC), a nonprofit organization. The goals of this program, which involves an annual focus on promoting one book tide for high school and adult readers, are an extension of the MHC s goal of "...using the humanities to stimulate and promote informed dialogue and civic engagement on critical issues" (MHC, 2012a). The Maryland Center for the Book, as "...one of 50 state affiliates of the Library of Congress Center for the Book" (MHC, 2012a) and part of the MHC, maintains oversight of the OMOB Program. The population of Maryland is very diverse, with many factors such as English as a Second Language programs and socioeconomic levels being addressed in the states numerous school systems (Maryland Department of Education, 2012). The OMOB helps meet some of these diverse needs.This overview of the reading-promotion program provides a review of its oversight and funding, goals, implementation, resources, and outcomes. Various partnerships with the nonprofit and issues of diversity are also mentioned.Oversight and Funding of the ProgramSeveral funding bodies sponsor the program, including federal and state library departments, the state education department, local bank foundations, and local utility and communication company foundations. The program is partnered with the major public library in Baltimore City. Because this strong funding base involves special requirements for philanthropy and because it carries nonprofit status, the MHC emphasizes in its publications that all events organized by the community around the OMOB Program themes and topics must be free for all attendees (MHC, 2012a).Goals of the ProgramThe OMOB Program endeavors to bring together diverse parts of the population in the State of Maryland by involving them in reading and discussing the same book. Promoting one book - and one book only - each year is intended to create a shared reading experience across the state for that year. The target audience includes high school students and adults, although school librarians have used the program's materials with middle school students as well. In order to sustain the program, organizers strive to select titles thought to have a wide range of appeal to a variety of people.Implementation of the ProgramA new program around a new book title is implemented each year. The time line and activities for the program include selecting and announcing the title in the spring, distributing promotional materials by the end of the school year in June, and undertaking sponsored program activities in September and October. To select the book for the upcoming year, organizers issue a public call for books centered on a chosen theme in the fall. A different theme is used each year. The initial theme of the program was race and race relations, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Subsequent themes have centered on diversity issues and courage and unity in a time of war.A list of criteria used in the selection of the book each year can be found online (http:// www.mdhc.org/programs/one-maryland-one-book/omob-faq/). Certain criteria, such as a length of no more than 350 pages and availability in multiple formats, carry over from year to year. A selection committee of 15-25 members is created to choose a book from the titles received from the public call. Promotional materials such as bookmarks, posters, and teachers' guides are made available to entities that want to partner with MHC to promote reading and be included in the book discussion. …


Period measurement method and general data collection equipment was employed to measure the rotation speed of diesel in transient operation status. Aimed at the problem of low sample rate leading to low measurement distinguish rate of transient speed, interpolation method was present. Interpolation was used to analyze original data collected by low sample rate to improve sample rate or acquired precise zero points. This method improves the measuring accuracy marked.


Several monitoring principles are explained. The principle of the DOAS technique (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is shown by an example of measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and is compared with conventional techniques. Also point measurements of nitrogen dioxid/nitric oxid (NO2/NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and Benzene, Toluene and Xylene are shown, and also the TEOM (tapered element oscillating microbalance) Series to measure particulate mass concentrations. The instrument incorporates the patented tapered element oscillating microbalance; a true microweighing technology that provides true mass measurements. Emissions of soot and PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are also important in traffic, the methods of monitoring these compounds are also discussed here.


In this chapter the first steps are presented that transforms conditional social security in a gradual way into unconditional social security. Why even consider a BI (which will require much higher tax rates) when the sustainability of the current conditional welfare state seems to be at stake? The problem social policy makers face in fighting unemployment is that the social minimum must be kept at a reasonable level, large scale unemployment (especially at the lower end of the labour market) must be reduced, under the restriction that whatever policy measures are taken, there must remain sufficient (overall) incentives to work. Advocates of a BI assert that if we want to maintain the social minimum at a reasonable level, and at the same time want to reduce large scale unemployment at the lower end of the labour market (through abolishing minimum wages, eliminating the poverty trap and maintaining monetary incentives to work), we inevitably move towards a BI-type scheme. I will therefore concentrate on what are probably the two most important adverse side-effects of the present welfare state: firstly, the poverty trap and secondly, unemployment at the bottom end of the labour market due to binding minimum wages. Removing both may be valuable in itself, but also brings the present system closer to that of a BI system. The poverty trap is to a large extent due to the conditional nature of the present social security system. Most social assistance programs for the poor are means-tested (not only social security benefits, but also other benefits such as housing rent subsidies or subsidies for the use of day-care centres). Those who enjoy social security benefits face a very high marginal tax rate for that part of labour income less than or equal to the means-tested benefit. This is due to the high withdrawal rate on all net labour income up to the social security benefit, and also because working may engender additional costs (e.g. travelling expenses, costs of day-care centres, etc.). In practice it is no exception that the poor who have few marketable assets, face a marginal tax rate of 100% or more. Since they have low earning power, it is impossible for them to escape being trapped in poverty. Moreover, the opportunities for them to find employment are seriously damaged by high minimum wages. Those captured within the poverty trap experience a strong disincentive to work: they can only escape the poverty trap when they succeed in finding a job with gross-of-tax earnings considerably higher than the level of their benefits (see below). All


Objective
To investigate the dynamic changes in the serum inflammatory cytokines and their association with neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE)in the patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).

Methods
Eighty-nine patients with severe HFMD from March 2010 to December 2012 were recruited in the study.The patients were divided into NPE group and central nervous system diseases(CNSD) group according whether they had NPE.The cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)were evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 1, 3 and 5 after admission to hospital.Risk factors for NPE involvement during hospital stay were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

Results
(1)Compared with the CNSD group, the serum levels of IL-6(Ftime=1.876, P=0.177, Ftime*group=2.192, P=0.145, Fgroup=7.855, P=0.007), TNF-α(Ftime=13.133, P=0.001, Ftime*group=0.291, P=0.592, Fgroup=3.644, P=0.042), IL-10(Ftime=14.580, P=0.001, Ftime*group=2.612, P=0.078, Fgroup=16.823, P=0.000), INF-γ(Ftime=3.093, P=0.045, Ftime*group= 0.513, P=0.600, Fgroup=20.141, P=0.000)were significantly higher than those in NPE group.(2)The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10, INF-γ rose to the peak on the third day.(3) By using multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age (OR=3.383, 95% CI: 1.173-4.759), days of fever (OR=4.925, 95%CI: 1.758-3.794), hyperglycaemia (OR=3.465, 95%CI: 1.303-5.220), leucocytosis (OR=7.579, 95%CI: 2.530-12.704)and elevation of IL-10 (OR=1.228, 95%CI: 1.007-1.523) were entered into equation.In the risk evaluation model, these variables remained independent predictors for NPE.

Conclusions
Abnormal cytokine productions appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of NPE, and might be an effective tool for predicting NPE in infants with severe HFMD.

Key words:
Hand-foot-mouth disease; Cytokine; Dynamic change; Neurogenic pulmonary edema


Microcomputer-based labware (MBL) is an emergent class of technology which allows students to use the computer as a tool for collecting, displaying, analyzing, and storing data. The Computer as Lab Partner Project was designed to evaluate the use of MBL in junior high science. A model computer-equipped science lab was set up in a suburban middle school and a semester-length MBL curriculum was developed and evaluated with four eighth-grade physical science classes per semester. The classroom experience of using MBL is discussed: the features of the MBL system used and of the curriculum designed; classroom procedures, processes, and interactions observed; gains and benefits derived from MBL use; and areas of potential difficulty in MBL implementation.


This article examines the impact of the stability of the management rights of transferred land (TLMR) on the adoption of technologies aiming to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers (ARFTs) based on the survey data of large-scale grain growing households in Anhui, China. Using the IV-Probit model, the present paper defines the stability of TLMR and the results estimated by IV-Probit model shows that a one-year extension of land lease period can increase the probability of using organic fertilizer and soil-testing formula fertilizer by 3.16% and 4.92%, respectively, while contract breaching in the lease period can reduce the probability of using organic fertilizer and soil-testing formula fertilizer by 46.9% and 51.38%, respectively. However, the land-lease period and land transfer contract breaching in the lease period have no significant effect on the use of farmyard manure by large-scale grain growing households. The main conclusion is that improving the stability of TLMR is conducive to prompting large-scale grain growing households to adopt ARFTs, especially the adoption of organic fertilizer and soil-testing formula fertilizer. The government should improve the stability of TLMR by standardizing the form and content associated with land transfer contracts and setting the minimum land-lease term.


Intelligent agents offer a viable paradigm for enabling AmI applications and services. As WSN technologies are anticipated to provide an indispensable component in many application domains, the need for enabling the agent paradigm to encompass such technologies becomes more urgent. The resource-constrained ad-hoc nature of WSNs poses significant challenges to conventional agent frameworks. In particular, the implications for agent functionality and behaviour in a WSN context demand that issues such as unreliable message delivery and limited power resources, amongst others, be considered. In this paper, the practical issues of agent migration and communication are considered in light of WSN constraints. The discussion is illustrated through a description of approaches adopted by Agent Factory Micro Edition (AFME).


e-Learning applications have started to exploit web-based three dimensional (3D) Virtual Environments (VEs) to augment learning experiences. Moreover adaptive support in these 3D VEs further endow potential to empower the learner's experiences and enhance effectiveness of learning process by presenting personalized content and navigational support. Adaptivity in these 3D VEs however, sets the new challenges for the researchers. Most of the techniques that are devised for adaptive content presentation and navigation in 3D spaces are focused on single-user environment. Surprisingly few research efforts have been yet dispensed for the adaptivity in multi-users VEs, however based on textual VEs. In this paper, we present an adaptive approach for multi-users in 3D VEs. We customize the Adaptive Web 3D (AWE3D) architecture to provide the adaptive support in 3D VEs for multi-users. We design an adaptive learning scenario for Adult Basic Education (ABE) in 3D VE of OpenSim to explain, the proposed methodology.


This paper presents an improved identification algorithm of active magnetic bearing rotor systems
considering sensor and actuator dynamics. An AMB rotor system has both real and complex poles so that it is
very hard to identify them together. In previous research, a linear transformation through a fictitious
proportional feedback was used in order to shift the real poles close to the imaginary axis. However, the
identification result highly depends on the fictitious feedback gain, and it is not easy to identify the additional
dynamics including sensor and actuators at the same time. First, this paper discusses the necessity and a
selection criterion of the fictitious feedback gain. An appropriate feedback gain minimizes dominant
SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) error through maximizing rank deficiency. Second, more improvement
in the identification is achieved through separating the common additional dynamics in all elements of
frequency response matrix. The feasibility of the proposed identification algorithm is proved with two
theoretical AMB rotor models. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with previous identification
methods using experimental data, and a great improvement in model quality and large amount of time saving
can be achieved with the proposed method.


The effect of reducing agents on hair fibers was measured by studying the relaxation curves of fibers kept at constant elongation in a solution of the reagent. Where reduc tion occurred, the extent of reduction, as measured by the final equilibrium stress level, was dependent on the electrode potential of the reagent. The reduction of stress cor responded to reduction of cystine disulfide linkages within the fiber as shown by chemical analyses of treated hair fibers. The dependence of the amount of reduction on the reagent potential indicates that the cystine residues within the keratin fiber exhibit dissimilar E° values.


A brief overview is given of a variety of TEM waveguide to OATS and free-space correlation and prediction methods, and their features are tabulated, summarized, and compared. Highlights and comments are included about latest TEM waveguide developments and progress towards adoption in EMC standards. Finally, respectable 1-5 GHz comparison results are shown for two small EUTs tested in GTEM, OATS, and FAR.


With the expanding digital public sphere, social media have worked as tools that construct and maintain the boundaries and descriptors of social identity among members, by portraying and reinforcing content shared by communities and cultures. Religious leaders and groups have used social media to make themselves more visible and to communicate their faith's mission. The scope of this study is to use Henri Tajfel's social identity theory to examine the viewers' comments on the content created by a religious individual/group for the production, shaping, and reproduction of the Muslim identity through YouTube. We have used Corpus Linguistics (CL) methods to examine relative frequencies and emerging statistical significance of lexical patterns in viewers' comments. This analysis shows that a strong "we" versus "you" dichotomization exists between the in-group, Muslims, and the out-group, persons who are systematically degraded as being low-informed religious, or non-religious, in street interviews.


In order to understand the possibility of suppression of Daphnia on phytoplankton in tropical and subtropical reservoirs,we carried out a fish-free enclosure experiment in Liuxihe Reservoir,southern China from March 6 to April 18,2010,lasting for 6 weeks.The experiment had one control(C) group without adding D.galeata and three treatment groups(L,M,H) with adding low,middle and high density of D.galeata.The adding density of D.galeata was 0 ind./L in C,0.3 ind./L in L,0.6 ind./L in M and 1.0 ind./L in H.Each treatment had 3 replicates.The results showed that the density of D.galeata increased rapidly in all the treatments,and there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups.The density of D.galeata reached the peak in the third week and then decreased quickly.Correspondingly,the biomass of phytoplankton decreased in the first two weeks and had significant shift on community structure.The biomass of the size class with diameter 30 μm decreased with the increased of D.galeata.The size class with diameter 30 μm increased towards the end of the experiment.These results indicate that when D.galeata appears abundantly in the tropical and subtropical deep and oligotrophical reservoirs,it is possible to suppress phytoplankton by means of manipulating density of planktivorous fish.


Preface 1. Ideas of empire 2. The beginnings: Hannibal to Sulla 3. Cicero's empire: imperium populi Romani 4. The Augustan empire: imperium romanum 5. After Augustus 6. Conclusion: Imperial presuppositions and patterns of empire Appendix 1. Cicero analysis Appendix 2. Livy Appendix 3. Imperium and provincia in legal writers Bibliography Index.


The Hadad international project in Kyrgyzstan is implementing in accordance with the program of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dedicated to 'brighter future for the environmental efforts and conservation projects'. This project is pursuing balanced and smooth reintroduction process of migratory falcons in order to restore sustainable biodiversity in Central Asian region. Through the joint efforts of the two teams, we established a base for transporting of 115 falcons from Saudi Arabia to the Kyrgyz Republic. Upon arrival, the birds are going to be released into the wild under a specially developed reintroduction protocol. Preliminary expeditions to the nesting habitats of falcons and studies of different factors such as feeding base and anthropogenic threats have been conducted, and the preffered landscape for the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) was described to make the release process as successful as possible. Along with technical activities, scientific tasks are carried out as well, both accomplished and planned for the future. Some of them are listed below: 1) reintroduction approaches and methods, 2) DNA analysis, 3) study of migration routs of the released falcons (to be analyzed by means of satellite tracking), 4) local falcons population distribution, 5) development of soft rehabilitation period and training process methodology, 6) using innovative GIS computer technologies to store and present observation data.


F the outset Sara Teasdale has been one who obeyed her own impulse, influenced not at all by changing fashions but rather by changing experiences in a constantly deepening life. Her. early books, "Helen of Troy", "Rivers to the Sea", and "Love Songs"-, were in the.main the embodiment ofthe joy of a young poet in her first -vri-vid contacts and realizations.. To be sure, there were pensive songs and sad songs and songs of unrest, but these songs had at heart a curative joy, a healthy -vitality. In them all there lurked an assurance, an. inner conviction, which made them, whatever their mood, fundamentally positive and stimulating.


Garment CAD course plays an important role in the teaching of garment specialty in vocationalhigher education and is a model of traditional industry reconstruction brought along by information. Basedon the application of garment CAD in enterprises, this paper makes an active exploration of garment CADteaching in vocational college, and expatiates corresponding strategies for the cultivation of excellent talentsof applying garment CAD.


The materials of the article presents the results of studies conducted in fattening calves with constituents in was concentrated-silo type diet feeding yeast. The positive impact of their use on indicators of metabolism in the body of experimental animals. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients in the experimental group of calves were higher compared with controls. This increase is confirmed by the increase in the concentration of total and protein nitrogen in the rumen by intensive utilization of ammonia microorganisms under improved conditions for growth of cellulolytic bacteria, anaerobes. Accelerated fermentation fiber diet increased the production of bacterial protein and thereby positively influence the formation of volatile fatty acids as the main energy source for the body of animals, as well as the rate of growth and performance of fattening beef calves. Conducting research on comprehensive assessment results provide a basis to affirm the appropriateness of feed yeast in the amount of 100 g/head/day as part of the diet.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of the interventional therapy through internal iliac artery on avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH).Methods:One hundred and sixty-four patients(male,98cases;female,66 cases)with ANFH were treated with perfusion of Urokinase,Luotai,Narceine by making digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in internal iliac artery with Seldinger technic.The average age of the patients was 44.2 years (range from 7 to 71 years).Results:Acording to standard of the evaluation,the results showed healing in 26 cases,markedly effective in 94,effective in 34 and ineffective in 10,the total effective rate was 93.9%.Of them,12 cases were treated with hip replacement after treatment.It is worth point out that improvement of the X-ray and clinical symptom was discordant sometimes.Conclusion:The intervention therapy in internal iliac artery have definite therapeutic effect and the advantages such as operating conveniently,safely with little trauma and few complication.Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to the improvement of clinical effects.


The growing complexity of industrial automation demands the adoption of software engineering principles for improving the development process of control systems. This paper presents a methodological approach to the design and development of complex automation systems relying on model-driven engineering (MDE). A benefit of this approach is the integration of methods and techniques widespread within the automation discipline with modern MDE techniques guiding the designer through the development phases. A second advantage is to add flexibility enough to adapt the steps to the needs of the system under design. Finally, the architecture presented is prepared to be adapted to methodology extensions to cover other aspects of automation systems. The framework is based on domain models that are defined through the development phases using the terminology of the automation field. Using model transformations both documentation about system analysis and design and the skeleton of software units are automatically generated. A proof-of-concept tool has been developed that has been tested on the design of medium-complexity projects to assess the impact of its use with respect to project documentation and maintenance.Note to Practitioners—Control software development can be considered one of the challenges in automation field for achieving leadership in the future economic market. This work presents a model-driven engineering-based approach making use of both automation and software engineering methods and techniques for developing automation control systems. The framework implements the methodology for industrial automation systems ( ${\rm MeiA}_{\bullet }$ ) for guiding developers through the development phases and generates the analysis and design documentation using domain terminology, the design documentation that involves the minimal units of design, and the program organization units in one-to-one correspondence with the minimal units of design. From a practical point of view, it should be highly emphasized that developers of automation projects benefit from more structured designs, reduced number of errors, and improved project documentation.


This article considers how theory and values may be integrated into the development of competence. The workshop model described was developed following a critical assessment which identified the difficulties of integration experienced by students on practice placements. The article explores the use of this type of group teaching in a probation setting.


Nicole Constable, Born out of Place: Migrant Mothers and the Politics of International Labor, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 2014, 260 pp.This book is a recent addition to Constable's series of research on migrant women as foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in Hong Kong. Like the other publications before it, this book contains rich ethnographic data as well as serves as a sympathetic call for attention to the plight of migrant women workers from Southeast Asia. But quite unlike the rest, this book focuses on the particular difficulties of FDWs as mothers who become pregnant and give birth to babies in Hong Kong. By weaving ethnographic observations and theoretical arguments, the book offers details of the challenges that mothers and children face, some of the choices they have, the different paths they take, and the roles of the fathers and social institutions in shaping them. These together put forward a convincing case of transnational migrant labour as not an individual woman's choice, but rather a coproduction of personal, familial, institutional, and global factors.The book is divided into eight chapters. In the first chapter, "A Very Tiny Problem," Constable outlines a broad framework of the significant actors in the making of the FDWs' world, in particular how government policy has constructed a frame, literally, that cages migrant women workers physically, socially, and culturally, as well as emotionally. The resultant problems are sometimes temporary, but when a child is involved, the problem is complicated and lasts a lifetime. Although in mainstream society, migrant women workers and their problems could be considered a matter of human rights and thus attract the attention of NGOs and some sympathy from the more liberal-minded, FDWs' pregnancies and babies are often shunned, trivialised, and largely ignored. This could partly be due to the small number of babies involved, but more importantly it is related to a mentality that sex is an individual and moral issue. If FDW single mothers are labelled as "adulterers, prostitutes, and 'bad girls'" (p. 10) they will not be pitied. Coupled with this, migrants in general are considered poor and unwelcome, as well as powerless and easily victimised. These stereotypical images of FDWs are not limited to their employers, but exist among almost everyone involved in the network of transnational migration. These include, for example, employment agency staff, immigration and court officials, and ironically even social workers at NGOs and the FDWs themselves. The co-agency and intersubjectivity of this network obviously has a class basis, and the chapter succinctly puts forward a complex case of how class is interwoven with ethnicity, gender, and family duties, as well as women's sexuality.Chapter 2 reviews the academic literature on migrant domestic workers, dividing them into two broad categories: the first one emphasises the negative side of things - exploitation, abuse, and oppression in global capitalism - while the other sees migration as a resource, noting how migration brings about new agency, pleasure and desire, etc. (p. 23). Constable argues that it should not be an either/or choice when a scholar studies a complex issue such as transnational migrant labour. Rather, she believes that one should take a stand of and, examining both the structural constraints and the personal creativity involved in the process. She describes her theoretical and methodological approach as public anthropology with "micro-feministethnographer-activism" (p. 21).Along this line, Chapter 3 discusses the difficulties that migrant women face, on the one hand as domestic workers, and on the other as mothers, wives, and daughters. These sometimes complementary, causal, but at times contradictory roles of the FDWs are shaped and produced by the two-year renewable contracts based on which FDW's visas are granted, in addition to "employment policies and practices, overcharging by employment agencies, the two-week rule, and the live-in requirement" (p. …


To investigate feasibility, reproducibility and age dependency of sensory evoked cortical potentials (SEPs) after electrical stimulation of different locations in the lower urinary tract (LUT) in a cohort of middle‐aged healthy women.


Problem setting. Remuneration is the main source through which the employee meets both their primary needs and the needs of a higher level. At a time when, on the one hand, the problem of meeting material needs is exacerbated, and on the other – the transition to market relations and building a socially oriented market economy in Ukraine requires a broader outlook and highly skilled workers, wages, its level, timeliness payments are brought to the fore by life itself. Remuneration is one of the guarantees of the realization of the constitutional right to work, and, consequently, one of the most essential rights of workers.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of wages was the subject of research by such scientists as V.M. Bozhko, N.B. Bolotin, V.M. Weger, Y.M. Veres, O.V. Gaeva, N.D. Hetmantseva, S.Yu. Golovina, O.O. Ershova, M.I. Kuchma, L.I. Lazor, R.Z. Livshits, M.V. Lushnikova, A.Yu. Pasherstnik, O.I. Protsevsky, V.O. Radionova- Vodyanytska, N.M. Salikova, N.M. Khutoryan, E.B. Khokhlov, G.I. Chanisheva, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others.

Target of research to consider remuneration as one of the guarantees of realization of the constitutional right to work.

Article's main body. The constitutional right to remuneration, as well as the right to work, is the most important socio-economic right of a person and a citizen, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine, which allows everyone to receive fair remuneration for their work. Despite the fact that the right to remuneration is constitutional, there are still many cases when this right is not respected and citizens are forced to apply to the authorities for protection, including non-payment or improper payment of wages.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. The right to remuneration is characterized by the following features that determine its place in the system of constitutional human and civil rights enshrined in the Basic Law of Ukraine: a) is one of the fundamental human rights established by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine and recognized by most states the world; b) has economic and social components. The economic component is that a person can provide for himself and his family by means of subsistence. The social component is due to the fact that the state through a system of guarantees provides social assistance to workers and their families; c) is determined and guaranteed by the state through a system of legal guarantees; d) international normative legal acts, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the European Social Charter (revised) of 1996, and conventions play an important role in the realization of the right to remuneration. International Labor Organization, etc.; e) is guaranteed not only for citizens of Ukraine, but also for foreigners and stateless persons who are on the territory of our state on legal grounds.


Employee is an asset to the company. Enhence of employee performance is very expected, especially in PT. ABC President. The aims of this studies is explore the performance of employees through competency and career development. SPSS is used in this studies to examine the descriptive and verification research variables, namely competency, career development and employee performance. Had 81 respondents were processed by the method of collecting data through a survey questionnaire. Results of the study found a good description for competency, career development and performance of employees at PT. ABC President. Besides, it is found under the employee performance can be increased by improving the competence and career development. This study ever conducted for local and national companies, but had differences in the amount of research variables and the location of research, so the results of this study enhance previous research.


2HNIW·HMX co-crystals are crystals composed of HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazisowurtzitane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), and the HNIW molecule and HMX molecule are combined with noncovalent bonds in a lattice at a 2:1 ratio. The 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals are successfully synthesized by Bolton's method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and high performance liquid chromatograph. The standard enthalpy of formation of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals is obtained as 861.9 ± 18.6 kJ·mol–1 under the direction of a designed thermochemical cycle with a Calvet microcalorimeter. The thermal decomposition behavior of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals was studied under the non-isothermal condition with DSC. The apparent activation energy (E) of the decomposition is 332.23 kJ·mol–1 by Kissinger method, 324.10 kJ·mol–1 by Ozawa method, 314.06 ± 4.26 kJ·mol–1 by Friedman–Reich–Levi method, and 306.81 ± 3.12 kJ·mol–1 by NL-INT-SY3...


Treatment methods of soft foundation in coastal area are introduced,which include dry-jet-mixing method,dynamic replacement method,CFG pile method,electro-osmotic-dynamic method and prefabricated strip drains method.Treatment mechanism of each method is discussed form settlement acceleration and settlement reduction angles.So as to accumulate experience of processing soft soil foundation and promote the urban building development of coastal region.


We investigate theoretically the behavior of anisotropic superconductors under uniaxial stress using the Landau expansion for the free energy. In the cases where the solution of the linearized gap equation belongs to a degenerate representation, there can be a linear coupling to the applied stress leading to a splitting of the transition from a normal to a superconducting state into two (or in some cases even three) second-order transitions. A complete analysis is presented of the resulting phase diagrams. The experimental observation of such splitting would give much information about the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter of the system.


Two multi-nuclear titanium complexes [Ti(η5–Cp*)Cl(μ–O)]3(1) and [(η5–Cp*TiCl)(μ–O)2(η5–Cp*Ti)2(μ–O)(μ–O)2]2Ti (Cp* = C5Me5)(2) have been investigated as the precatalysts for syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. In the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst, complexes 1 and 2 display much higher catalytic activities towards styrene polymerization, and produce the higher molecular weight polystyrenes with higher syndiotacticities and melting temperatures (Tm) than the mother complex Cp*TiCl3 does when the polymerization temperature is above 70°C and the Al/Ti molar ratio is in the low range especially.


Leadscrews used for machine tool or length measuring machine often act as a standard scale. At the same time high level precision is needed. In this paper the table feed error in the thread grinding machine and the lead error in the ground leadscrew are discussed by use of Fourier analysis. To reduce such errors, a newly designed system is constructed. As a result, a leadscrew with high pitch accuracy can be obtained.


We introduce a notion of n-quasi-categories as fibrant objects of a model category structure on presheaves on Joyal's n-cell category \Theta_n. Our definition comes from an idea of Cisinski and Joyal. However, we show that this idea has to be slightly modified to get a reasonable notion. We construct two Quillen equivalences between the model category of n-quasi-categories and the model category of Rezk \Theta_n-spaces showing that n-quasi-categories are a model for (\infty, n)-categories. For n = 1, we recover the two Quillen equivalences defined by Joyal and Tierney between quasi-categories and complete Segal spaces.


This article highlights that Syria was not at the forefront of Middle East politics as it is today, but different events in the history of the region brought Syria to such key position. Presently, it has become a geopolitical front for the players involved - a geopolitical front for the Kurdish' status in the countries with significant Kurdish minority; for the status of Iran-Gulf balance in the Middle East; and for the positions of the United States and Russia in the new Middle Eastern political configuration. These factors have complicated the political settlement and the military solution. They have also regionalized and internationalized the civil war, because the current internal fractures of the Syrian situation stand between the Sunni and Shia sects, Iran and Gulf, the US' coalition and the Russian-aligned states. The political-military target of each of the players has been about territorial gains on the ground and denying such gains to the other side. Nevertheless, despite the high level of violence, both the regime and the opposition forces agree to address the Syrian political settlement in terms of national territorial integrity.


This paper describes interference effect analysis of transverse member based on large-scale pullout test results of steel strip reinforcement with '(?)' type transverse member. The maximum passive resistance has a difference according to the installed location of transverse member, and the total pullout resistance is increased, when transverse member was closed to the wall facing. The degree of interference confirmed that the install location of transverse member cannot reflect the pullout force differential, if is equal. However, The interference factor based on maximum passive resistance reflected the differential of maximum passive resistance and install location of transverse member.


The proposed work is inspired and evolved from nature's way of solving problems in a collective fashion. The objective is to design, fabricate and analyse a swarm of mobile robots and to develop an algorithm which can make them move and form a particular shape in shortest possible time. Keywords—Swarm robotics; robotic collectives; multi agent robots; shape-formation; self-healing


The utility model relates to a metal reduction melting reaction device which is characterized in that two sidewalls of the furnace are respectively provided with three rows of air supplying holes, of the primary air supplying holes are arranged on the lower part of the furnace and in a melting area, of the secondary air supplying holes are arranged on the middle part of the furnace and in an area above the surface of a bubbling layer, and the tertiary air supplying holes are arranged on the upper part of the furnace or below an ascending flue. The oxygen-enriched air is blown in a high-temperature molten slag layer from the primary air supplying holes, thus the necessary condition for coal combustion and chemical reaction is met, and the reduced small metal particles are made to collide each other to form big particles which are sunken into a furnace hearth and separated from the slag. The secondary air supplying holes are inclined downwardly at an angle of 0-60 degrees so that the air from the secondary air supplying holes is made to be in sufficient contact with the splash slag drips and the CO is made to burn. The CO is completely combusted due to the tertiary air supplying holes. The utility model sufficiently uses heat from the oxidation reaction of the melting furnace, causes little heat loss, has high efficiency of heat utilization, saves fuel and energy, reduces the consumption, enhances the reduction rate of metal and effectively solves the problem of environmental pollution.


To determine whether patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA) over the first year of disease course, as part of a Boolean‐based definition of remission and considered individually, had a significant relationship with structural progression over 3 years in patients with early arthritis.


Physical exposures in three high-risk industries in Washington State (USA) were quantified biomechanically using a 3D SSPP biomechanical model. Seventy male workers were selected on the basis of ...


The objectives of this study were to develop and optimize molecular techniques based on the DNA melting analysis for the detection of allele variants or SNPs in genes involved in the quality of animal products.
For the dairy industry the detection of the cow k-casein B allele (CSN3*B) is very important for the role of its codifying protein during the cheese making. It is known that the k-casein B allele plays a major role in cheese technology with great effects in the quality and quantity of cow milk. The availability of accurate and reliable protocols for the identification of the most common alleles is of great interest in breeding projects.
In the present study a denominated denaturant DNA melting analysis was developed using a new buffer to quickly identify A and B k-casein allelic variants. The DNA melting analysis is fast and suitable for the identification of A and B alleles.
The development of this denaturant buffer allows to enhance the discrimination power of the instrumentation. The same approach was used to detect SNPs in two important meat gene quality using an ad-hoc instrument for the melting analysis
The RYR1 and PRKAG3 genes have an important role in the meat quality, influencing the pH, water content, lean meat content and colour. The frequencies of their alleles were investigated in Bayern, Australian ans Sudtiroler pigs in order to test a high resolution DNA melting analysis protocol, which allows to detect a total of 6 genotypes in simple manner and in few minutes trough a post multiplex PCR.
It was possible to compare the sensibility obtained with the no-denaturant approach against the denaturant approach.
The observed frequencies were: 0.86, 0.13 and 0.01 for the N/N, N/n e n/n respectively for RYR1 gene and 0.17, 0.54, 0.29 for I/I, I/V and V/V for the PRKAG3 gene respectively.
Its is interesting to note that even if the pigs tested belonged to breed with attitude for high meat content and quality, a relatively high genotype frequency N/n and a relatively low genotype frequency I/I were found. In these productions, where meat quality is a relevant attribute, could be possible to enhance the favourable SNPs in bores and sows.
The denaturant buffer developed allows to detect with major detection level the homo/hetero genotypes of the RYR1 and PRKAG3 genes. This approach for the detection of known SNP is very fast, reliable and could substitute the specific enzymatic cleavage for the detection of specific substitutions.


Aim:  Intestinal pressure differences or experimental distension induce ion secretion via the enteric nervous system, the sensorial origin of which is only poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate sensorial inputs and the role of afferent and interneurones in mechanically activated submucosal secretory reflex circuits.


The aim of this paper is to show what language is used by political parties when they accuse each other of the wrong policies. The most common form of political parties' addressing is the journalism genre of announcement which is, then, totally or partly transmetted by media. The qualitative analysis of announcements by Srpska napredna stranka and Demokratska stranka has shown a high percentage of hate speech in this ideological media genre. The analysis has established almost identical patterns the parties use to accuse their opponents: one party criticises the other, naming certain faults and past events and uses the model "we are here for the citizens, and you for your positions in the government". The other party does not respond to the accusations, but issues counter-accusations, also uses past events as arguments and model "we are good and we are victims, and you are evil and aggressive". Such public, that is, media appearances relativise political re- sponsibility of both the government and the opposition.


To make innovation education during the course of chemistry teaching,teachers should change their roles and should renew their roles in all directions,such as idea,ability,method,etc.


The practice of endovascular surgery is significantly enhanced by the use of a programmatic approach. Our goal as vascular specialists is to integrate endovascular techniques and concepts into vascular practice in the same way that we have integrated the medical and perioperative management of vascular patients into clinical care. In the not too distant future, the concept of vascular "surgery" is not likely to be independently functional. The most effective vascular specialists will be those who provide a full spectrum of management options that includes prevention, medical management, endovascular therapy, and open surgery; striving for the seamless care of patients with vascular problems. Vascular disease management appears to be approaching a stage in which endovascular surgery will be the treatment of choice for most situations that require mechanical intervention, with open surgery reserved for endovascular failures and those patients with the absolute worst disease morphology. Endovascular techniques have dramatically influenced the care of disease in every vascular bed. The opportunity to relieve suffering, reduce morbidity, and treat threatening illness with minimally invasive approaches is a privilege.


Abstract Aflatoxins (AFs) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) intake through consumption of peanuts and peanut products were estimated from 60 samples. The samples were collected from 2 retail and 2 wholesale markets in Bangkok during November 2013–January 2014. The results showed that 80% of raw peanut samples were contaminated with AFs while 100% of roasted and ground peanuts samples were contaminated. The highest concentration of AFs was found in ground peanuts at 362.48 ng g−1 resulting in the highest mean concentration (68.22 ng g−1). According to a food consumption database, the average intake of AFs was estimated at 0.49, 0.40 and 2.13 ng/kg bw/day for raw, roasted and ground peanuts, respectively. The potential risk for cancer was estimated at 0.01–0.12 cancer/year/100,000 persons. The results suggest that the current situation of aflatoxins contamination in peanuts and peanut products (especially in ground peanuts) has an adverse effect on the health of the Thai population.


We present the results of a spectro- scopic and photometric investigation of 20 objects from the open cluster Collinder 394, which contains the Cepheid BB Sgr. Besides the Cepheid, we studied tree K-giants, four B-giants, and twelve B-A-F main sequence stars. Radial velocities (RV), vsini, T eff , logg, were determined using spectroscopic model fitting and atmosphere models. We have derived the color-excesses, reddenings, and intrinsic colors for these stars using their T eff and logg from compar- ison to the atmosphere models, especially for hot stars. Proper motions, RV and GAIA DR2 2018 parallax/distance values for these stars allowed us to determine their membership in the cluster and absolute magnitudes. We found that seven stars do not belong to the cluster. The parallaxes and reddenings of 13 confidently cluster members led to the distances in a range of 630–800 pc, although the majority of them (8 objects) are located at a mean distance of 657.7±66.7 pc, and 5 objects with the Cepheid could probably belong to the cluster's corona. All the members have [Fe/H] near 0.1 dex. The main sequence B-star No. 76 (HD 174307) has a low rotational velocity projection, and this fact allows us to determine its chemical composition to compare with that of the Cepheid BB Sgr. Its CNO and Na abundances are close to the solar one, while the Cepheid show a deficit of carbon, an overabundance of nitrogen, nearly solar oxygen, and an overabundance of sodium. Three foreground K-giants have different C abundances (from a deficit to the solar), and Na (from the solar to an overabundance) as well as a solar-like O content. The foreground F7-8 V star No. 75 (CPD −20 ◦ 7218) was revealed to be a Li-rich star, while the A7 V star No. 69 (BD −20 ◦ 5290) has an anomalous deficit of CNO with overabundances of some α, r- and s-process elements.


The purpose of the article is to determine the role of public libraries in ensuring the information securityof the individual and to establish the formation of its media education. Analyze the practice of teaching medialiteracy in libraries. The methodology consists of the application of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, and review-analytical description, which revealed the place and role of publiclibraries in the formation of personal media literacy and information security of the individual. The scientificnovelty is that the information security of the individual is considered in the context of media literacy andthrough the prism of library activities for the formation of media literacy of users. Conclusions. As a resultof the research, it is determined that - issues of information security of the individual are not considered atthe legislative level, to the appropriate extent, and the main attention is paid to the information security ofthe state. Information security of the individual is an interdisciplinary concept that is studied by scholarsin law, information and library affairs, journalism, computer technology, psychology, sociology, pedagogy,etc. Information security of the individual is an interdisciplinary concept that is studied by scholars in law,information and library affairs, journalism, computer technology, psychology, sociology, pedagogy, etc. It hasbeen proven that the information security of an individual depends on the level of his media literacy, ability tocritically evaluate information, identify unreliable – fake or ordered information that is misleading, to resistpropaganda and manipulation. Modern public libraries play an important role in shaping the media educationof citizens, in particular through their educational and educational activities. Media literacy training is heldon the basis of libraries. Libraries create information materials on this topic, select appropriate informationsources and resources, hold mass events on this topic.Keywords: informational security, media literacy, public library, information.


Studying the ecological and biological features and water regime of plants of the mountainous semidesert of Uzbekistan to determine their stability in these conditions, we concluded to use an integrated approach to solve the problem of adaptation. Functional, structural or other biological features can equally determine the resistance of a species to extreme factors, such as, for example, the rhythm of development. The purpose of the work is to identify a complex of elements of plant adaptation to arid zone to xerothermic conditions and to characterize ecological groups by the generality of adaptation systems. Based on the system analysis, the biological and structural-functional adaptive features of plants were analyzed, and the studied species were classified into ecological groups as adaptive systems and according to the generality of adaptations to the experience of the dry period. The original data obtained, which relate to the characteristics of the elements of biomorphological adaptation and adaptation of the water regime, the remaining adaptive elements were identified based on the analysis of literary data. Along with structural and behavioral signs, we focus on those features of the water regime that ensure a positive water balance among representatives of various environmental groups. Each of the selected ecological groups of plants is characterized by a certain combination of adaptive features of a physiological and biomorphological plan. With a variety of adaptive features in different plant species to drought and the absence of an integral indicator of drought resistance, it is impossible to focus on any one of them, of course, it is necessary to take into account the whole complex of signs. The complex of features will allow determining more accurately the nature of a particular combination of biomorphological and functional features peculiar to a particular ecological group

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Abstract The present work was conducted to evaluate the side effect of Neem products as natural insecticide on some of natural enemies of Helicoverpa armigera Hüb. (Trichogramma spp. and Chrysoperla sp.). The work is divided into laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The laboratory experiments dealt with the side effects of Neem products: NeemAzal-T/S, NeemAzal Blank, NeemAzal PC 05 and NeemAzal PC 05 Blank on Trichogramma spp. and C. carnea (Stephen). Neem concentrations: 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25% were arranged in a completely randomized block design and each treatment was replicated at least six times. Parasitism and emergence rates of T. pretiosum (Riley) and T. minutum (Riley), and predation rates of C. carnea and its longevity were investigated. The greenhouse experiments dealt with the side effects of Neem products on parasitism rates of T. pretiosum and T. minutum on three different cotton cultivars. There were no serious side effects on parasitism and emergence rates of Trichogramma spp. and on efficiency of Chrysoperla. Similarly, Neem products achieved a good control of H. armigera in laboratory and greenhouse. Therefore, Neem products are recommended for controlling Helicoverpa, and are compatible with mass release of Trichogramma and Chrysoperla for organic cotton production. Future field experiments are suggested to further elucidate the effects of Neem on H. armigera and its natural enemies.


Light-scattering techniques are used to determine molecular weight, root-mean-square radius, and certain other characteristics of synthetic and biological polymers and their use is relatively common in industry. However, light-scattering theory and practice are rarely addressed in detail in undergraduate chemistry courses. In the past, light-scattering instruments were difficult to use and data acquisition and analysis was tedious and complex. Relatively recent advances in instrument design and data handling have, in large measure, solved these problems and it is our view that light-scattering theory and practice should now be more fully integrated into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. The topic may be covered appropriately in a single advanced course (e.g., physical chemistry, polymer chemistry, materials science, or biochemistry). Alternatively, a flexible strategy may be used to incorporate elements of light-scattering theory and practice throughout the undergraduate curriculum. For example, in an integrated curriculum light scattering theory could be introduced briefly in an introductory course, a synthetic polymer could be made in organic chemistry, and the polymer's molecular weight and other characteristics could be determined in an advanced course when a more detailed description of light scattering theory is presented.


solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm が強く疑われた.後に膵体尾部切除,脾摘による腫瘍縮小 the fundus and a moderate amount of coagulum in the stomach without evidence of active bleeding. On the 2nd hospital day, she went into hypovolemic shock due to rupture of the gastric varix. CT scanning demonstrated a pancreatic body tumor involving the splenic vein, which re-sulted in left-sided portal hypertension causing the gastric varix, along with multiple liver metastases. An emergency proximal partial gastrectomy was performed. A wedge biopsy of the pancreatic tumor suggested the diagnosis of a solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm. After her recovery, distal pancreatectomy with sple-nectomy was performed for debulking of the tumor. Intraarterial infusion of anti-cancer drugs including dox-orubicin and cisplatin failed to improve the liver metastases. A preoperative biochemical study revealed an elevated serum level of gastrin(1,560pg (cid:1) ml),which increased markedly with growth of the metastatic liver tumors(>10,000pg (cid:1) ml).She frequently experienced hypoglycemic attacks due to hyperinsulinemia(150 ml).On histological review of surgical specimens, a final diagnosis of an islet cell tumor was established. The hyperinsulinemia could not be controlled by the administration of either Ca blockers or somatostatin analogs. Intraarterial infusion of streptozotocin was initiated, with marked improvement in hormone levels and her clinical condition. We report this case focusing on 3 major topics including the specific symptoms found at the onset of the disease, the process to the final pathological diagnosis and the treatment strategies for liver metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors.


We have used a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition technique to grow epitaxial SiC thin films on Si wafers by pyrolyzing tetramethylsilane (TMS). The films were observed to grow along the (111) direction of 3C–SiC at temperatures above 1000 °C. The quality of the films was significantly influenced by the TMS flow rate in the gas mixture, the growth temperature, and the gas pressure in the reactor. Single-crystal SiC films were grown at TMS flow rates below 1.0 sccm with a H2 carrier gas flow rate of 100 sccm. The gas pressure in the reactor has a great influence on the crystallinity, morphology, and thickness of the SiC film grown. Gas phase analyses indicated that TMS dissociates into hydrogen, silicon atoms, and hydrocarbons such as CH4, C2H2, and C2H4 at the growth temperature. The chemical composition of the grown films was analyzed. The growth mechanism of the SiC film on the Si substrate without the carbonization process is discussed based on the experimental results.


Russian and East European studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have lately come down in the world. But there was a time, and not long ago, when the hive was buzzing with activity. The staff was full: some twenty professors in the inner circle, graduate students clustered around them, and visitors and the public encircling them. There were conferences, lectures, and meetings; the excitement was funneled into a journal, ...


Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy are fundamental inspection methods in the medical device industry, but there is one key difference between these methods that gives them unique benefits and capabilities. The main difference between a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Optical Microscope (OM) is the type of beam applied to the sample. For optical microscopy, a beam of light is applied to the sample, allowing the observer to analyze the effects of light as it interacts with the sample. For scanning electron microscopy, a beam of electrons is applied to the sample, allowing the observer to analyze the effects of electrons as they interact with the sample (Figure 1).


Twenty five samples of lentil (Lens esculenta Moench) seed collected from the markets of Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Bahawalpur, Jampur and Rojhan were analyzed for externally and internally seed-borne fungi. The infestation of untreated seed samples varied from 43.3 to 51.4% with an average of 46.96%, while the seeds treated with 2% Mercuric chloride solution showed the infestation from 18.0 to 22.4% with an average of 20.4% on blotter paper. On PDA the infestation of untreated seed samples were from 48.2 to 58.8% with an average of 52.52%, while the seeds treated with 2% Mercuric chloride solution, showed an infestation of 18.8 to 23.6% with an average of 20.87%.The fungi isolated from treated seeds were Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, Mucor hiemalis, Chaetomium spp., Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A .terreus and Nigrospora spp., F. moniliforme, A. alternata, M. hiemalis, Chaetomium spp., and A. niger were common in all samples while P. citrinum, A. flavus, A. terreus and Nigrospora spp., were only isolated from untreated seed.


Shopfront signs in the multi-lingual, multi-ethnic city of London seem to serve as a vehicle for maintaining unity in an era of linguistic diversity. Various ethno-linguistic diasporas represent themselves through a unique multi lingual display of multimodal shopfronts signs culminating in the English language. This paper focuses on language as a social semiotic (Haliday 1978), as a multimodal semiotic resource (Jewitt 2005) and as a manipulative-representative text within multilingual society. The study assumes an ethnographic approach to the Bengali dominated streets of Whitechapel and Brick Lane in London, on shop signs. The study aims to determine how multilingual and multimodal 'texts,' embedded in shop signs, could assist in processing meanings (Kress 2004). The study draws on a corpus of images and texts on shop signs which were randomly selected and categorised in various ways. Taking a multimodal (social) semiotic approach to text analysis of shop signs, this paper attempts to analyze the Bangla and English shop signs and ideologies directed at these signs and their semiotic resources.


A traffic island is a solid or painted object in a road that channelizes traffic. It can also be a narrow strip of island between roads that intersect at an acute angle. If the island uses road markings only, without raised curbs or other physical obstructions, it is called a painted island. Traffic islands can be used to reduce the speed of cars driving through.


Abstract Photographic collectors and the public have rarely heard the name of William Buckingham Dyer (1860 – 1931); though only a small number of his prints have found their way into public and private collections, they are excellent and should stimulate a search for more of his work. What we do have reveals an artist of sensitivity and genuine achievement.


Thomas F. Luscher is the 6th Annual Krakoff International Lectureship in Cardiovascular Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA.


Modern Trends in Human Leukemia: Biological, Biochemical, and Virological Aspects, edited by Rolf Neth et al (workshop, June 1973), 366 pp, with illus, $29.50, New York, Grune & Stratton, 1974. The third edition of Leukemia , originally edited by Dameshek and Gunz, has doubled in size since the first edition. It is quite readable and up-to-date, at least as much as any textbook in this rapidly changing field can be. An attempt has been made to make this volume even more current by adding a final chapter on recent advances in this field, but the title is somewhat misleading in that paraproteinemias and lymphomas are also covered. There are relatively few errors for a book of this size (over 800 pages), and the small number of contributors (six) provides a sense of continuity. However, it suffers from needless repetition that may tend to make each chapter more complete but unnecessarily lengthens


A method of designing and fabricating substrate-free Au/SiNx/Au metafilms as the terahertz (THz) absorber of metamaterial focal plane arrays (MFPA) is reported. The absorption was investigated by the finite integration method simulation and new explicit functions. The substrate-free structure was well fabricated by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The frequency-dependent absorption of MFPA was measured by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. It exhibits an extremely high absorptance of 98.7% at 1.36 THz. The absorption characteristic shows an asymmetric profile, which is well fitted with an Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal (Asym2sig) model. Our results show that the Au/SiNx/Au metafilms have potential in optical readout THz real-time imaging, and highly sensitive sensing applications.


PART 1. ADOPTING A LANDSCAPE APPROACH -
Stewardship of Biocultural Landscapes in the 21st Century: Forging Community-Based Approaches ///

Garo Hills, part of the Meghalaya elephant landscape in India, includes the Garo Hills Elephant Reserve and five elephant corridors, supporting about 800-1000 elephants. The Nokrek National Park along with a network of forest patches connecting to Balpakram National Park forms the backbone of biodiversity of the region and is designated as Garo Green Spine. In Garo Hills only 7-8% of the forested area is controlled by the Forest Department; the remaining area is owned by local communities under the jurisdiction of the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (GHADC). Age-old agricultural practices like slash-and-burn cultivation (jhum) have fragmented the forests, affecting wildlife movement and increasing human-wildlife conflict, especially with elephants. Despite the dependence on such agricultural practices crucial for core sustenance, the Garo tribes take it upon themselves to stitch together this 'spine' through a community-led conservation initiative. This paper proposes to capture the spirit behind the unique initiative by these communities along with Wildlife Trust of India and World Land Trust, which work in partnership with the GHADC in protecting community lands as 'Village Reserve Forests'. This remarkable way of conservation has resulted in protection of over 2800 hectares of forest patches and habitat restoration of another 200 hectares. This is an affirmation of indigenous rights, self-governmentand community empowerment creating a multi-level impact resulting in not just wildlife habitat protection but also a positive social impact on the communities with regards to their livelihood and lifestyle. Such conservation measures can be a big step towards sustainable environmental protection in the long term.


Epic is an image retrieval system that implements a novel spatial-querying mechanism. A usercentred, task-oriented, comparative evaluation of Epic was undertaken in which two versions of the system--one set up to enable spatial queries only, the other allowing textual queries only-were compared. Use was made of the two systems by design professionals in simulated work task situations, and quantitative and qualitative data collected as indicators of the levels of users' satisfaction. Re sults demonstrated that users often had a 'mental image' of a potentially satisfying picture in mind, that they were happy to express this need in visual terms, and that in doing so they preferred to have access to Epic's spatialquerying facility. Success in obtaining statistically significant results appears to support validation of the novel methodological framework adopted.


This work describes the preparation of polymers potentiodynamically formed on surface of graphite electrode by anodic oxidation of 2, 3, or 4-aminophenol monomers, as well as incorporation and detection of purine and pyrimidine bases on these modified electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of the formed films was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These analyses indicate that poly-4-aminophenol presents the highest charge transfer rate. The surface morphology was studied by SEM and AFM. These analyses showed that the polymers present globular morphology. The immobilization and detection of purines and pyrimidines on graphite electrodes modified with poly-aminophenols was studied by differential pulse voltammetry. It was possible to show, for the first time, that the oxidation of purine and pyrimidine bases and their mixtures takes place on modified electrodes covered with polymeric films.


. Investment decision making is a complex process in investment and influenced by many factors. One of them are accounting information. Accounting information has a beneficial value to investors in investment decisions. However, rather than consider accounting information, investor psychology be the underlying factors for the investor in making investment decision. This study aims to determine and analyze the psychological factor determining investment decisions by beginner investors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in West Sumatera. The aims of this study is to analyze and examine: 1) the effect of risk perception, problem framing and information asymmetry on investment decisions. The results shows that only risk perception had the positive correlation with investment decision in capital market, while problem framing and information asymmetry had no relation to investment decisions.


gliomas, including anaplastic astrocytomas and GBMs, which are common primary tumors of the central nervous system, are characterized by aggressive growth and invasiveness.1 Invasion of malignant glioma cells into the adjacent normal brain parenchyma makes gross-total resection difficult. In addition, most gliomas eventually become resistant to drugs, resulting in the failure of chemotherapy. For these reasons, clinical outcomes of patients with malignant gliomas are poor.9 The tumorigenesis of malignant gliomas has been associated with a number of alterations in related genes.5 The gene PTEN (also known as MMAC1/TEP1), which encodes a phosphoinositide phosphatase, is frequently mutated or deleted at chromosome 10q23 in malignant gliomas.23,24,36 It has been reported that PTEN mutations are associated with decreased survival time among patients with malignant gliomas and that expression of PTEN is associated with the survival time of patients with GBM.32,33 Deletion or mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene has been detected also in a number of cancers such as prostate, breast, and endometrial carcinomas and melanoma in humans.2 Germ-line mutations in PTEN have been associated with Cowden disease and related syndromes characterized by hamartomas and a predisposition to tumors. A number of growth/survival factors exert their effects through receptor tyrosine kinases that induce activation of PI3-K and lead to increases in cellular PIP3 levels.46 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate then binds to two protein kinases, Akt (protein kinase B), the product of the cellular oncogene c-Akt, and phosphoinositide-dependent kinases to bring these kinases together.2 As a result of phosJ Neurosurg 98:154–161, 2003


Runtime monitoring has proven effective in detecting property violations, but it can incur high overhead when monitoring just a single property - particularly when the property relates multiple objects. In practice developers will likely monitor multiple properties in the same execution which will lead to even higher overhead. This paper presents the first study of overhead arising during the simultaneous monitoring of multiple properties. We present two techniques for mitigating overhead in such cases that exploit reductions in cost that arise from sharing of information between property monitors. This sharing permits a single monitor to function in place of many monitors. We evaluate these techniques on the DaCapo benchmarks and 8 temporal correctness properties and find that they offer significant overhead reductions, as high as 57%, as the number of monitored properties increases.


The goal of our work was twofold. The first was to examine the effects of dispositional trust on performance in a target detection task. The second was to examine the effects of performance on implicit and explicit trust in cueing modalities in that same target detection task. Fifty-four participants detected targets using four cueing modalities (non-cued, auditory cue alone, tactile cue alone, and combined auditory and tactile cueing). Participants monitored three screens for targets and responded as rapidly and accurately as possible when the presence of a target was perceived. Dispositional trust proved to be a significant predictor of performance for the auditory modality. Performance was a significant predictor of explicit trust in the tactile and combined conditions. Overall, participants reported preferring the tactile and combined cueing modalities for this target detection task. These findings suggest that measures of explicit trust should be employed early in system design to enhance eventual trust and system usability.


This study investigates the extent of identification and comprehension success achieved by Greek EFL high school students when encountering phrasal idioms during reading English as a foreign language. The study also examines the relationship of the above with five idiom type features, i.e. (i) contextual guessability, (ii) frequency of words in the idiom, (iii) interlingual similarity, (iv) transparency and (v) existence of an idiom in Greek and four learner factors: (i) L2 language proficiency, (ii) gender, (iii) motivation and (iv) field-independence/-dependence. The results indicate that overall scores for L2 idiom identification and comprehension were remarkably low. Successful L2 idiom identification was found to correlate strongly but negatively both with frequency of occurrence of the component words of the idioms and with interlingual similarity while L2 idiom comprehension was found to correlate significantly positively with interlingual similarity only. No significant correlations were obtained between any of the four learner-related variables and the two main variables of L2 idiom identification and comprehension. Some pedagogical implications are also offered that mainly consist the practical implications of the study in terms of instructional practices and methodology employed in the teaching of English idioms in predominantly EFL contexts.


A concept of effective surface area was defined as a geometrical controlling factor for a chemical reaction involving powdery materials. It is not uniquely determined for the specific material but depends on the sort of chemical reaction as well as the state of agglomeration. Case studies were given for dissolution or decomposition reaction for MgO, Mg(OH)2 and Pb(CO)3 with and without preliminary mechanical activation and granulation. The effective surface area for dissolution is mostly the external surface of the agglomerates, although the internal surface plays a role to some extent, depending on the compactness of the agglomerates.


The melting of DNA complexes with Hoechst 33258 (H33258) has been carried out in both presence and absence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to reveal the effect of the mentioned compound on melting parameters of DNA-H33258 complexes at r = 0.1, where r = [H33258]/[DNA] and at 0.02 M Na+ ion concentration. It is known that the structural–functional changes of macromolecules take place in aqueous solutions of DMSO (Markarian et al., 2006). It has been shown earlier that DNA hydration degree increase results in sharp changing of the binding mechanism of H33258 to DNA: AT-specific mode of binding disappears and ligand molecules start to intercalate into DNA at r ⩽ 0.1 (Vardevanyan et al., 2008). Moreover, the increase of T m of complexes is higher compared to the case of relatively low hydration degree of DNA. This is conditioned by the fact that at DNA hydration, increasing the intercalation becomes more preferable since in this case hydrophobic ligand molecules are shielded from water more effectively. The results obtained confirm that with the increasing of DMSO content in solution the melting temperature, T m, decreases. Moreover, denaturation of complexes leads to the decrease of the fluorescence intensity of ligand molecule. We suggest that the observed phenomenon happens due to the structural change of solution which promotes dissociation of ligand molecules bound to DNA, and hence a facilitated denaturation of DNA-H33258 complexes occurs.


The process of surface modification of the aluminum powder is very important in the production of functional aluminum powder. According to the means and the functions of modification, the main methods of surface modification including mechanochemical modification, oxidation modification, surface chemical modification, encapsulation modification, coating modification and deposition modification were described.


This paper analyzes the mechanism of green finance development promoting industrial structure optimization. The panel data of 14 cities and states in Hunan Province of China from 2010 to 2017 were used to measure the status of industrial structure and green financial efficiency. The Spatial Interaction Model was constructed to empirically analyze the impact of green finance on the upgrading of industrial structure through the green credit threshold, technological innovation and green consumption. The study finds that the interstate industrial structure and green financial efficiency have the commonality of time and space; in general, green finance can promote industrial structure's optimization of Hunan Province through three major channels. Among them, green finance can promote the rationalization of industrial structure through the way of technological innovation and green consumption. However, the three major ways of green credit threshold, technological innovation and green consumption are not conducive to the supererogation of industrial structure.


Concrete deterioration is one of major problems that affect the durability of concrete structures. Concrete deterioration due to the sulfuric acid is the common phenomena in the exploitation process of construction. The deterioration process of concrete structure can be assessed by the prediction of concrete mineral evolution overs time. To purpose, numerous numerical models have been developed however these numerical models have not fully simulated the concrete mineral evolution. The geochemical model was validated in some researches of the authors therefore the model will be applied in this investigation to evaluate the deterioration process of three types of binder such as CEM I, SRPC and CEM I + FA + SF which exposure to sulfuric acid 0.5M. The numerical results show the durability of three types of binder exposed sulfuric acid decrease in order SRPC > CEM I + FA +SF > CEM I.


The article analyzes the frequency of primary and secondary disability due to diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disability groups in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District and its subjects. Disability tendencies were estimated disability of the III group prevail, the highest level of disability observed in the Kursk region.


By placing control sources in the near field, global attenuation of an axial cooling fan's blade passage frequency and harmonics can be achieved using active noise control. Optimization of the control source locations can be achieved by using a genetic algorithm. This paper will compare different types of genetic algorithms to achieve the optimal control source placement for a source radiating into free space. Source strengths of control sources are calculated analytically to minimize radiated sound power. The optimal configuration will be compared to control source configurations used in previous studies. Radiation characteristics of the configurations will also be discussed.


All known subroutines for Arcsine are based on the relation Arcsin N = Arctan [N/(1-N2)1/2]. Therefore, Arcsine is not computed as such but as an Arctangent.

To avoid the loss of machine time caused by the computation of N/(1-N2)1/2, a direct computation of Arcsine is proposed. A subroutine yielding the first six correct significant digits in only five multiplications and divisions is described in detail to illustrate the new method's rapidity. The same number of five operations is necessary to compute, knowing N, the number N/(1-N2)1/2.


In this paper,cellulase production by a moderately halophilic bacterium HS1 was preliminarily explored.Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,it was found that the optimal nitrogen source was 1.5% NaNO3 for production of cellulase and the optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: inoculating quantity of liquid seed of 6%,culture temperature of 35℃,initial pH value of 6.5 and culture time of 4 d.


The aim of this work is to synthesise a porous nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode and a new kind of solid polymer electrolyte poly(N–methyl 4–vinylpyridine iodide) (PVPI) doped with an Ionic Liquid (IL) 1–ethyl 3–methylimidazolium thiocyanate (EMImSCN) for Dye–Sensitised Solar Cell (DSSC) application. The fabrication process of nanoporous TiO2 electrode as well as electrical, structural and photoelectrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes have been examined using various experimental tools. A novel DSSC has also been fabricated, which shows overall efficiency of 0.76% at 1 sun condition.


As part of the undergraduate courses in electronics and computer engineering in the department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, a significant proportion of laboratory time is devoted to a complete integrated circuit (IC) design from concept to fabrication and testing. An integral part of this work is the microscopy laboratory devoted to this design exercise. In this paper we show how microscopes are integrated into the wafer testing phase of the exercise and how the equipment has been customized to provide an effective introduction to the practical use of optical microscopes in electronics.


In the former communication on this subject, which I had the honour of submitting to the Fellows ( "Proc. Roy. Soc.," vol. xxiy, p. 354), some experiments were described which showed that a mixture of air and coal-dust of a certain known chemical composition was not inflammable at ordinary pressure and temperature; and that, when 0892 per cent, of fire-damp (by volume), or a greater proportion, was added to the same mixture, it became inflammable and burned freely with a red smoky flame. The general conclusion to which the second result pointed was also stated in the same place to be, that, an explosion originated in any way whatever in a dry and dusty mine, may extend itself to remote parts of the workings, where the presence of fire-damp was quite unsuspected.


The paper introduces the causes and effects analysis method of gear disabled analysis with examples of tooth break disabled form.It can analyze various factors of disabled form and the true and main reason is discovered.It is a effective analysis method of the maintenance management and the failure diagnosis for equipment.


Abstract : The goal of this program was to develop new insight into the physics of 6.1-angstrom heterostructures through combined experiment and theoretical efforts. Specifically, time-resolved ultrafast optical and scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) experimental techniques were used to study the electronic, optical, and structural properties


A new one side
rubbing in plane switching(OSRIPS) mode has been developed We discuss the displaying
structure and mechanism and introduce the process of experiment and measurement The result
expresses that the OSRIPS mode has good viewing angle and grey level charateristics, especially
it completely suppresses the color shift


The remarkable mechanical and electrical properties exhibited by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have encouraged efforts to develop mass production techniques. As a result, CNTs are becoming increasingly available, and more attention from both the academic world and industry has focused on the applications of CNTs in bulk quantities. These opportunities include the use of CNTs as conductive filler in insulating polymer matrices and as reinforcement in structural materials. The use of composites made from an insulating matrix and highly conductive fillers is becoming more and more important due to their ability to electromagnetically shield and prevent electrostatic charging of electronic devices. In recent years, different models have been proposed to explain the formation of the conductive filler network. Moreover, intrinsic difficulties and unresolved issues related to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes as conductive fillers in an epoxy matrix and the interpretation of the processing behavior have not yet been resolved. In this sense, a further challenge is becoming more and more important in composite processing: cure monitoring and optimization. This paper considers the potential for real-time control of cure cycle and dispersion of a modified epoxy resin system commonly utilized in aerospace composite parts. It shows how cure cycle and dispersion control may become possible through realtime in-situ acquisition of dielectric signal from the curing resin, analysis of its main components and identification of the significant features.


In the framework of chaotic inflation we study the case of a massive scalar field using a semiclassical approach. We derive the energy density fluctuations in the infrared sector generated by matter field and gauge-invariant metric fluctuations by means of a different method. We find that the super Hubble density fluctuations increase during inflation for a massive scalar field, in agreement with the result obtained in a previous work in which a power-law expanding universe was considered.


Data were collected in 1976 from women in Bohol Philippines in order to 1) identify variables which influence the duration of breastfeeding; 2) to identify subgroups of women who are most or least likely to breastfeed; and 3) to establish whether there are differences in duration of breastfeeding between Maternal Child Health/Family Planning Project areas and non-project areas. Interviews were conducted in March and April with 1228 eligible respondents. The following were the findings: 1) the length of breastfeeding was related to certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and to some childbearing practices; 2) project area respondents breastfed longer than non-project area respondents with women in the project area breastfeeding on the average of 17.9 months and those in the non-project areas an average of 15.1 months; 3) younger women stopped breastfeeding their last livebirths earlier than those who were older and than those who had completed childbearing; 4) women with fewer children breastfed for shorter periods; 5) women with lower socioeconomic status breastfed for longer periods; 6) respondents engaged in high-status jobs breastfed for shorter periods than those engaged in traditional low status occupations; 7) women who had prenatal visits at the rural health unit and were attended by private or hospital doctors during delivery breastfed for shorter periods than did those who consulted and were delivered by "hilots"; and 8) there was no significant breastfeeding difference between women who used a family planning method after delivery of the last livebirth and those who did not.


This is a continuation of the paper of which Part I was published in the September issue. The third and final Part will be published in the December issue.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a deadly clinical disease. The virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), is readily transmitted in the community, where it is having devastating social and economic impacts. Yet our understanding of SARS and COVID-19 is derived primarily from studying the most severe cases in clinical and hospital settings. A complementary, field-based approach is desperately needed, and human biologists are well-positioned to make important contributions to our understanding of which individuals, and communities, are most vulnerable and why. Much has been said about shortcomings in the roll out ofSARS-CoV-2 testing and how it has frustrated efforts to identify cases and isolate individuals who are shedding virus. Less has been said about the opportunities that testing provides for a wide range of research applications. In this commentary, we describe antibody testing and how human biologists can use it to inform our understanding of the pandemic, and to address questions of longstanding interest regarding the causes and consequences of human biological variation.


The mística of Brazil's Landless Rural Workers' Movement developed from Latin American liberation theology and is generally interpreted as love for a cause, solidarity experienced in collectivity, and belief in change. Not only an emotional element, however, it is a praxis of pedagogy and culture developed by the movement to construct its collective identity and preserve its cultural roots against the homogenization of globalization. Art and symbolism are used in practices that not only educate but empower by example and reflect the collective memory of the Landless. The movement incorporates these practices into its struggles, keeping the inspiration alive without institutionalizing the mística.


Inaugurates a major contribution to cinema studies, comprehensive in scope, extensively indexed for easy access, and accessible to both scholars and interested general readers. Volume 1 of this massive undertaking, reflecting the indefatigability of editor Alfred Krautz, covers comedy, encompassing


OF THE DISSERTATION PARENTAL ABSENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN IMMIGRANT STUDENTS by Chrysalis Lamae Wright Florida International University, 2010 Miami, Florida Professor Mary J. Levitt, Major Professor Academic achievement and educational expectations as a function of parental absence were examined among 268 newly immigrant elementary, middle, and high-school students from Spanish-speaking countries. Data collected as part of a longitudinal study of adaptation and achievement in newly immigrant students were analyzed. Participants had varying experiences with parental absence, in terms of length of absence, gender of absent parent, and reason for absence. Reasons for parental absence included parental divorce, parental death, and serial migration, a cause unique to immigrant children. Students who experienced parental absence reported lower educational expectations. Students who experienced the death of a parent had lower achievement scores and lower expectations than students who did not experience parental death. Prolonged absence was also important, with students who experienced parental absence for more than one year performing worse than students who had minimal parental separation. In addition, boys who experienced parental absence because of serial migration performed worse academically than boys who did not have this occurrence. Educational expectations were reduced among students who experienced parental absence as a result of the migratory process, especially for younger students. The extent to which parental absence related to


In this paper, we propose a method for generating efficient test cases, that ensure the adequacy of software testing using appropriate software metrics such as Branch Coverage and Linear Code Sequence And Jump (LCSAJ). Now a days, automated testing is essential for software testing industries which saves time as well as cost. CONCOLIC testing generates test cases, these test cases can compute code coverage in an automated manner. Since, there exists no such concolic testing approach that computes LCSAJ, therefore in this paper we extend concolic testing to measure LCSAJ coverage. We have used CREST tool to generate test cases. We have developed LCSAJ coverage Analyzer that accepts test cases generated by CREST along with the input C program, and produces LCSAJ Coverage percentage. We have conducted our experiment for fifteen C programs. On an average, for fifteen C programs, we achieved 76.04% of LCSAJ coverage in 3.887 secs of executional time.


This article surveys evidence of Lithuanian social and religious life during the long fifteenth century asrevealed by consistory court records from the sees of Plock, Gniezno, Lutsk and Cracow. The dynamicsof church court evidence coincide with those of other aspects of Catholic life in the Grand Duchy.Building churches, chantry chapels, funding mansionary priests, selecting particular Masses to be celebratedby your chantry priest (Salve sancta Parens, the Five Wounds of Christ, the Seven Joys of OurLady), going on pilgrimage, taking part in a procession, venerating the Blessed Sacrament, sendingsupplications to Rome to obtain permission to own a portable altar or choose a confessor all becomemuch more common in the later decades of the fifteenth century. Cases before the consistory courts inPlock, Gniezno, Vilnius and Lutsk involve a wide social group and deal with a broad range of issues (notjust matrimonial disputes or the hiring out of parish churches between priests). What we do not find isany obsession with paganism, no use of pagan as an insult, no account of 'pagan' practices (or even folkcustoms, which later become tarred with an ideological brush). Lithuanian dioceses are clearly integratedinto the Polish metropolitan sees (Gniezno and also to a lesser degree, Lwow). Key Words: Catholic Church, consistory court, Gniezno, Lithuania, Lutsk, Poland. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ ahuk.v29i0.1064


Ei Kharboutly, Tarek M. A Sudy of the Implications of the nternet upon Two-Way Symmetric Communication in Pubric Relaions, 1996. Thesis Advisor Dr. Donald Bagin, Graduate Program: Public Relations. This thesis examined the implications and ramifications of the advent of online communication technologies, such as the Internet, on the profession of public relations. As brokers of information, public relations professionals must adapt to and incorporare online tools into their arsenals. As the consumer public takes to the Internet n search of information, the Internet provides a means by which organizations can gauge which issues are of concern. It is the only alteative to falling out of touch with a rstesles consumer public that demands ever-higher levels of customer service. The author presented a case study of the Pentium microprocessor imbroglio that compromised Intel Corporation during 1994 and 1995. Implications of the case study were earned over into an analysis of the state of two-way symmetric communication in public relations. Interview sessions with selected public relations professionals revealed that the practice of two-way symmetric communication has become a necessity. Two way symmetric communeation can no longer be regarded as a luxury by business organizations. Demanding increasing soplhiuscaon, society has progressed into the era of feedback upon demand."


Describes three models for educating in peacemaking—Beyond War, Despairwork and Personal Empowerment, and Peacemaking in the Church—and compares them in terms of their goals, methods, leadership, time involvement, and population. Notes particularly the strengths and limitations of each model when employed by pastoral care practitioners.


The coauthorship of Cathy Schoen, senior vice president, comments by Stuart Guterman, assistant vice president, and Rachel Nuzum, senior policy director, research assistance of Kristof Stremikis, research associate, and editorial assistance of Chris Hollander, director of publications, all at The Commonwealth Fund, are gratefully acknowledged. Background information adapted from The Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health System, The Path to a High Performance U.S. Health System: A 2020 Vision and the Policies to Pave the Way (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, February 2009).