In this paper we have focused on the problem of automatic prediction of parts of speech in sentences. We present an experimental framework which includes the analysis and the implementation of methods for part of speech (POS) labeling (tagging). We have tested three methods that predict the POS without current word's context and also three context awareness statistic methods. The main goal of our work was to evaluate the three statistical methods Forward, Backward and Complete Method in order to analyze their applicability in the problem of automatically prediction of the POS. These methods are derived from the classic Naïve Bayes classifier. In our research we have used the WordNet database and a set of benchmarks called the Brown University Standard Corpus of Present - Day American English. The results obtained by the non-context-awareness methods compared to the results obtained by statistical methods are better but not so reliable like the statistical methods.


Purpose
The transformation of the agricultural landscape is deemed as an essential nation-building priority in post-democratic South Africa. Part of the activity of transformation is affording disenfranchised groups opportunity to participate in careers where they were excluded. The purpose of the study is to investigate the motivational factors that influenced emerging Black farmers as entrepreneurs to choose agriculture as a career path in post-democratic South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview technique. The sample comprised of 29 emerging Black entrepreneurs working within the agriculture context in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Findings
Upon analysis, the individual stories of Black emerging farmers as entrepreneurs showed the role of personal influences; the community; the quest for financial influence through economic sustenance; and socio-economic influences as playing a part in informing career entrance into agriculture amongst the Black emerging farmers.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation, familiar with qualitative research, concerns the use of a small sample size. However, a strength of the study is the in-depth focus, especially through interviews lasting a minimum of 1 h.

Practical implications
This study answers the call for a contemporary understanding of career processes in professions such as agriculture that have not received attention. This can be a practical basis to encourage more recent entrants into occupations and entrepreneurial pursuits that have been restricted. This study thus offers a practical basis for career counselling interventions in the agricultural space. This includes farmer training and development opportunities and provision of financial support to Black farmers.

Social implications
The findings offer insight into the role of a range of socially embedded factors and how they influence occupational aspirations and individuals fulfilling their entrepreneurial pursuits.

Originality/value
This study ignites focus into an under-researched area, especially on the African continent.


We give a necessary and suffcient condition for almost-flat manifolds with cyclic holonomy to admit a Spin structure. Using this condition we find all 4-dimensional orientable almost- flat manifolds with cyclic holonomy that do not admit a Spin structure.


In the paper, with the help of various models, the thesis on the fundamental nature of the field form of matter in physics is considered. In the first chapter a model of special relativity is constructed, on the basis of which the priority of the massless form of matter is revealed. In the second chapter, a field model of inert and heavy mass is constructed and on this basis the mechanism of inertia and gravity of weighty bodies is revealed. In the third chapter, the example of geons shows the fundamental nature of a massless form of matter on the Planck scale. The three-dimensionality of the observable space is substantiated. In the fourth chapter, we consider a variant of solving the problem of singularities in general relativity using the example of multidimensional spaces. The last chapter examines the author's approach to quantum gravity, and establishes the basic equation of quantum gravity. The conclusions do not contradict the main thesis of the paper on the fundamental nature of the massless form of matter.


Human beings vocal folds act as a carrier pulse (or pitch-pulse, as said) for normal voice, with that, other parameters such as oral cavity structure or its elements positioning, shape this signal in what we know as speech. This characterizes normal voice as signals with a high concentration of energy at the lower bands of the frequency spectrum [11]. This research defines and implements a device capable of generating a carrier signal (pitchpulse) capable of, eventually, acting as a substitute for the vocal folds. This device generates a constant low frequency periodic pulse that allows the user to shape it when used intra-orally, just as one would do for normal speech creation. This research also evaluates the results of using such substituting device, and compares it with the results of normal speech. Keywords—non-audible speech; voice generation; spectral energy; carrier; frequency spectrum; vocal folds I. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to design a device capable of generating a periodic signal, which would be able of transmitting non-audible speech. Such generated signal acts as a carrier, emulating real-voice when transmitting non-audible speech; this is, as vocal folds do. Non-audible speech refers to the changes in the oral cavity which modulate vocal tract impulses to generate the voice. In this case, the human vocal tract is substituted by an artificial pulse-train generator specifically designed for such task. II. PREVIOUS STUDIES IN THE FIELD Although studies in non-audible speech data have a wide history, efforts are mainly centered on transmission of this data, or even in recognizing this data for later voice generation [8] and [10]. Vocal folds substitute devices is still an unpopulated area but has some precedents in studies achieved by N. MacLeod [14] for telephony or Katz et al. [13] for a larynx substitution device. However, the purpose of this study is to substitute vocal folds as they are, and enable the subject to create voice without its vocal folds. More recently, there has been an approach by A. Passos and Prof. Y. Takeuchi on the use of extra-oral low frequency signals as a substitute for the vocal folds [6]. Or researches on unvoiced signals properties like [2], [9] and [12], where the conclusion that in order to achieve pseudo-voice regeneration of unvoiced signals (whispering voice), only the higher segment of the speech frequency spectrum is necessary has been reached. III. FURTHER STUDIES Taking into account that the purpose of this study is to design a carrier signal capable of carrying non-audible speech data, the scope of this research is still far from achieving the generation of voice from this non-audible data. However, thru enabling a subject to transmit such data, generation of voice can, eventually, be achieved by means of the methods described in this study. Such pseudo-voice generation can be achieved by, for example, playback of the autocorrelation of this signal. Pseudo-voice regeneration has, by far, much more implications and issues to be solved than this study intends to solve. IV. DEVICE FOR PULSE GENERATION A. Design The device features a low frequency pitch-pulse period which can be varied on demand to provide different types of pulse signals with differences in pulse duration, pulse frequency, etcetera. Figure 1. Schema of usage of the pulse-train generator as an intra-oral device The device has been designed for intra-oral use. The device has to be positioned at either the right or the left side of the oral cavity but always touching the cavity wall and facing to the inside of it. 978-1-4244-4131-0/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE


Sexual minority individuals are an underserved and understudied population in the United States. However when comparing sexual minority women to men there are fewer interventions and studies for women when looking sexually transmitted infections (STis). There is some conflicting data regarding sexual health outcomes amongst sexual minority women, especially lesbians. This paper utilized data from two waves (2011-2013 and 2013-2015) of the National Survey for Family Growth (NSFG) in order to look for potential STI disparities at a national level in sexual minority women compared to heterosexual women.
The final analytical sample was 5,521 for the 2011-2013 cohort and 5,623 for the 2013-2015 cohort. A logistic regression was used in order to produce odds ratios of pairwise differences to compare heterosexual STI outcomes to bisexual and lesbian outcomes.
My research findings indicate statistically significant disparities between bisexual and heterosexual women in diagnosis of an STI in the last 12 months, lifetime chlamydia, and lifetime syphilis consistent across both waves of the NSFG. Lesbian women were found to have a statistically significant disparity in lifetime syphilis outcomes in the 2011-2013 wave and had the highest odds ratio of any group (OR=5.2). Despite this strong disparity in the earlier wave, the disparity was not present in the 2013-2105 wave. Small sample sizes and lower power for the sexual minority groups, lesbians in particular, may have resulted in unstable estimates which resulted in inconsistencies across waves.
Despite the limitations of this study, there is still statistically significant evidence showing that there is a disparity between bisexual and heterosexual women in STI outcomes. This is of public health importance as many STis have been on the rise in recent years and some, such as chlamydia, are becoming even harder to treat with antibiotics. If these disease are not addressed early enough there will be public health consequences down the road. Since bisexual women are disproportionately affected by STis, it is important to figure out what is causing the disparities and how we can address them and reduce the rates of STis in bisexual, as well as lesbian, women.


mercury body burden. They correctly point out that chelation-provoked urinary mercury levels may not reflect the amount of mercury to which motor neurons (or the brain) are exposed. However, it must also be considered that such 'chelation challenge' testing is subject to potential interactions from a variety of nutritional factors, such as blood thiol levels, zinc levels, selenium levels and other factors as discussed previously [3] . Each such factor represents a potential confounding variable that may go some way towards explaining the conflicting results found wherever chelation challenge tests are used in practice. An additional concern regarding chelation challenge testing revolves around the large bolus doses that are often used and may carry inherent risks, both from the side-effects of the chelators themselves and the potential to redistribute body burdens of mercury [3] . A further consideration is that while it is possible that mercury exerts toxicological effects through epigenetic mechanisms, we must not overlook recent discoveries of conventional genetic polymorphisms that have been associated with atypical neurobehavioural responses on exposure to mercury. Polymorphisms of CPOX, BDNF, 5-HTTLPR and COMT have all been associated with atypical neurobehavioural responses on exposure to mercury in combination with carriage of the relative gene I read with interest the recent paper by Callaghan et al. [1] reviewing the role of exposure to the metals lead, mercury and selenium and potential epigenetic factors in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Callaghan et al. [1] have considered whether heavy metal interaction with epigenetic phenomena that govern DNA modifications such as DNA-bound histones, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling may be responsible for some of the toxic actions of heavy metals which in turn may play a role in the etiology of ALS. Several aspects of their discussion regarding mercury in particular caught my attention. With regard to mercury interfering with epigenetic mechanisms, it has been observed previously that cysteineS -methylmercury conjugates are structurally similar to methionine, and are suspected to function as molecular mimics of methionine at certain amino acid transporters [2] . This being the case, and given that methionine plays a role in providing methyl groups to DNA methyltransferase, it is worth considering: might molecular mimicry of methionine allow organic mercury conjugates to interfere with DNA methylation thereby exerting epigenetic toxic effects? Moving away from epigenetic considerations, Callaghan et al. [1] discuss the use of chelators to estimate Received: October 4, 2010 Accepted after revision: January 21, 2011 Published online: March 16, 2011 D i s e a s e s


2014 From microscopic observations, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray experiments, the partial bilayer SA and the bilayer SA of cyanobenzoyloxy benzoate of heptylphenyl (DB7) are compared to the well-known SA phase of the octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) This work was initiated from the recent report of a partial bilayer SA ~ monolayer SA transition [6] and it raises the question again of the identity and number of SA phases. We claim here that the high temperature SA phase of DB7 and the SA phase of 8OCB are isomorphous. In fact, if the bilayer SA(SA2) is readily distinguishable, subsequent studies are necessary in order to clear up the problem of phase transitions between the other kinds of SA arrangements. J. Physique LETTRES 43 (1982) L-83 L-87 ler FÉVRIER 1982, Classification Physics Abstracts 61.30E 64.70E


Abstract Introduction: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has gained popularity because of its excellent morbidity profile and appreciable outcome. However, laparoscopic approach for renal transplantation has been scarcely practiced till date.1,2 We present a video demonstration of laparoscopic renal transplantation and discuss the merits and demerits of this procedure. Methods: Patients were selected after detailed evaluation as per standard criteria for renal transplantation. Related donors with single renal artery and single renal vein were selected. The left side was selected for renal harvest. Renal recipients underwent ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrogram. Renal allograft was harvested through laparoscopic approach, and graft was prepared in bench and perfused with cold perfusant. Orientation stitches were made on the apex of the allograft artery, allograft vein, ureter, and upper pole of the graft. Recipients were placed in supine position with 20° right up tilt. Five ports were utilized. Perit...


Aim: To clarify whether there is any association between the extent of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection and plaque instability or post–directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) restenosis, we determined the frequency of C. pneumoniae infection and its localization in symptomatic coronary atherosclerotic plaques using specimens obtained from DCA. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the existence of C. pneumoniae in all 50 specimens of coronary atherosclerotic plaques obtained by DCA. C. pneumoniae–positive cell ratio determined with IHC or copy numbers of C. pneumoniae DNA detected by RT-PCR did not differ significantly between patients with stable angina pectoris and those with acute coronary syndrome (IHC: 16.4 ± 7.6% vs 18.0 ± 7.1%, P = .42; RT-PCR: no. of cases with high copy numbers 12/25 vs 10/25, P = .78), or between patients with subsequent post-DCA restenosis and those without (IHC: 17.1 ± 8.0% vs 18.0 ± 7.4%, P = .74; RT-PCR: 5/12 vs 10/21, P = 1.00). Conclusions: C. pneumoniae was highly prevalent in coronary atherosclerotic plaques of patients who underwent DCA. However, the extent of C. pneumoniae infection in coronary atherosclerotic plaques was not associated with plaque instability or post-DCA restenosis.


The linear correlation analysis are adopted on the daily energy consumptionand average air temperature, the maximum and the minimum air temperature of central China electric network in 1991, 1993 and 1995,the following are the foundings: 1) Thecorrelation of daily energy consumption and dally average air temperature is remarkably positive in 85% months in the summer half year (from May to September), but about two--thirds months in the winter half year (from October to April), the correlation is not remarkable; 2) by 1℃ effect of daily energy consumption of everymonth in summer half year increased year by year, and the largest appeared in the month which is hot and dry It appeared in June in Henan, and in July or August in other three provinces; 3)In summer half year, timely varying curves of daily energy consumption and daily average air temperature are unanimous, and the peaks or gorges of the former is about one or two days later than that of the latter. The correlation coefficient is 0.89 (Hubei). Finally the evaluation models for monthly daily energy consumption--air temperature correlation of summer half year are built.


This article attempts to compare housing life style between the Dangs of India and Yangpyeong of Korea, and to analyse the relationship between its own environment and its own housing style. Based on their own habitat and housing patterns, I attempt to compare the recognition of the Pungsu; layout orientation between villagers of the Dangs of India and Yangpyeong of Korea, and to compare the layout of living spaces, the function of sacred and daily spaces, and so on. Under the effects of the historic, cultural and social environment, villagers of the Dangs of India and Yangpyeong of Korea have succeeded the peculiar tradition of their own communities, and have adapted their own habitat pattern in order to maintain the best life according to the geographic, climate and ecological environment. Housing patterns of their own communities are different in proportion to their own socio-economic condition. Due to difference of life style adapting to each different environment, that of cultural tradition, and that of living style, habitat and housing patterns of their own communities are partly similar as well as partly different. To sum up, habitat and housing patterns between the Dangs of India and Yangpyeong of Korea are different in accordance with the human and ecological environment and their own tradition, and the housing layout and the space utilization are similar in conformity with the living style.


The most actual problems of development of society in XXI century are examined in the article, predefined by the grossing processes of globalization, informatization and mastering of new technologies. An author grounds the necessity of forming of new conception of the managerial system basis of which must become mancentrizm and the system of public values as original sources of corporate culture. Keywords: economic development, global problems, conformities to the law of development, control system, philosophy of organization, strategy of changes.


This work demonstrates a system of monitoring the quality of energy produced by micro-scale generators. Due to the growth in the use of alternative energy generation systems as a means of supplying high demand situations in the network, the problems that these sources generate with respect to power quality such as voltage fluctuation, harmonic distortion and should be studied and minimized. Aiming at this need, we present a device capable of receiving voltage and current data, and through a software developed in the LabVIEW language present in real time information on energy quality, following parameters defined by the Brazilian Agency of Electric Energy.


A Mission Operations Manager is confronted with special challenges and decisions when allocating resources for space mission operations expected to last five to fifteen years or longer that may be overlooked or postponed during the rush before launch. It may seem unavoidable that with the schedule and budget pressures encountered before launch, mission operations plans will be built to cover launch and early orbit activities but decisions about activities six months or more after launch will be postponed and little if any consideration will be made for unplanned or unanticipated events. Furthermore, alack of experience with long-term, extended operations may lead a Mission Operations Manager to make a decision that is correction the short-term but which becomes expensive in the long-term and actually increases the total life cycle cost. Drawing on lessons learned while concurrently operating several deep-space exploration missions through multiple mission extensions lasting eight to 12 years, this paper presents some of the challenges a Mission Operations Manager should anticipate and suggestions to effectively and economically deal with them. It is anticipated that sharing with the operations community the experience of several long-term spacecraft operations teams will make a significant contribution to the space missions operations best practices and lessons learned library.


We conduct an inquiry into the sociotechnical aspects of sentiment analysis (SA) by critically examining 189 peer-reviewed papers on their applications, models, and datasets. Our investigation stems from the recognition that SA has become an integral component of diverse sociotechnical systems, exerting influence on both social and technical users. By delving into sociological and technological literature on sentiment, we unveil distinct conceptualizations of this term in domains such as finance, government, and medicine. Our study exposes a lack of explicit definitions and frameworks for characterizing sentiment, resulting in potential challenges and biases. To tackle this issue, we propose an ethics sheet encompassing critical inquiries to guide practitioners in ensuring equitable utilization of SA. Our findings underscore the significance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach to defining sentiment in SA and offer a pragmatic solution for its implementation.


AIM: To evaluate Efficacy of intra Tendinous injections of Autologous blood with Lignocaine at Lateral Epicondylar region in Tennis Elbow patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 50 cases of Tennis Elbow in 47 patients, from January 2012 to December 2015 in the Department of Orthopaedics, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode.Patients were followed up at 1 week, 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and one year. Results : About 60% of patients had excellent pain relief lasting about 1 year as per criteria of Roles and Mandsley. The average pain score decreased from 8.4 to 2.7 and average Nirschl stage from 6.8 to 2.0. Conclusion : Injection of autologous blood mixed with 2% lignocaine at lateral epicondylar region appears to be promising,cost effective, simple, efficient method of treatment for Tennis Elbow.


Permanent His Bundle Pacing (HBP) is the most physiological form of ventricular pacing. His bundle stimulation can be selective (s-HBP) or non-selective (ns-HBP). Few comparative data in terms of safety and efficacy among the two are available in literature.

 Evaluate the safety and efficacy of s-HBP and ns-HBP stimulation and identify predictors of one or the other stimulation.

 Prospective analysis of patients with HBP implanted between December 2018 and July 2021. The clinical and instrumental parameters were collected at implant and at long-term follow-up. Follow-up data were collected both at outpatient visits and by remote monitoring systems.

 130 patients in need for antibradyarrhythmia therapy and 26 patients with an indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy were enrolled, 134 (86%) had successful HBP (34% s-HBP and 66% ns-HBP). There were no significant clinical differences between the two populations with the exception of the presence of right bundle branch block (RBBB: 17.4% s-HBP and 34.1% ns-HBP; p = <0.05) and baseline QRS duration (116.5±27.5 ms in s-HBP and 129.9±34.7 ms in ns-HBP; p = <0.05). There were no significant predictors of ns-HBP (Figure 1). At implantation and at an average 16-month follow-up there were no significant differences in the electrical parameters between the two HBP stimulation modalities.
 Twenty-one patients (15.7% of the population, 24% of s-HBP and 12.5% of ns-HBP; p=0.38) had conduction system disease progression, manifested either by a significant increase in pacing threshold (13.3% of s-HBP and 10.2% of ns-HBP recipients; p=0.64; Figure 2A) or by loss of capture (6.5% of s-HBP and 2.2% of ns-HBP recipients; p=0.69). No statically significant predictors of conduction system disease progression were found (Figure 2B). While seventeen patients who had significant threshold elevation underwent device output reprogramming, four patients, who lost capture, and a single one experiencing lead dislodgment (nS-HBP patient) required lead repositioning (8.7% of s-HBP and 4.5% of ns-HBP recipients; p=0.33). s-HBP was significantly more vulnerable to atrial oversensing that required sensitivity reprogramming (17.4% of s-HBP and 4.5% of ns-HBP recipients; p<0.05).
 No significant differences in clinical endpoints (cardiovascular death, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, syncope) were observed at follow-up.

 In patients indicated to ventricular stimulation, the potential benefit represented by HBP is burdened by a non-negligible number of complications. Though no significant differences were detected at medium-long term between s-HBP and ns-HBP stimulation, s-HBP stimulation appears to be more affected by pacing threshold increase and progression of conduction tissue disease, which resulted in an almost 2-fold (although statistically not significant) incidence of repeated surgery.

 Type of funding sources: None.


This textbook is devoted to the general asymptotic theory of statistical experiments. Local asymptotics for statistical models in the sense of local asymptotic (mixed) normality or local asymptotic quadraticity make up the core of the book. Numerous examples deal with classical independent and identically distributed models and with stochastic processes.


Hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) can be mobilized from bone marrow (BM) compartment to the blood by G-CSF. In this process, CXCR4, a cognitive receptor for chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12, and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV play critical roles. Colominic acid (CA) is a polymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid, and it has been reported that sulfated colominic acid (SCA) can inhibit HIV entry, the step which requires CXCR4 and CD26 as co-receptors. Thus, we hypothesized that SCA would modulate HPC egress from BM. First, we injected SCA into C57BL/6 mice (100mg/kg, i.v.) and observed rapid HPC mobilization (assessed by CFU-Cs/mL blood, PBS 42±10, SCA 215±50, n=9–12, p


The objectives of county planning are stated, zoning in mining areas is discussed, and comments are made on the multiple use of underground areas. The planning department's goal may be attained through: the utilization of good design while maintaining efficiency and economy in the development of industrial land; the ensuring of compatibility of any development with that of surrounding land users; the maintenance of aesthetics; the encouragement of industrial development at sites where transportation is available; and assisting other county government divisions in attracting and locating industry that would benefit the country. At the present time, a heavy industrial zoning classification allows multiple use of the area in regard to development, and county planning emphasizes the desire to coordinate and assist in the subsurface developments which will ensure the compatibility and protection of the industrial areas with the surrounding land. The conversion of mined-out areas into multiple uses substantially increases the utilization of the land.


Ninety‐five percent of the length of the human Y chromosome is inherited as a single block in linkage from father to male offspring as a haploid entity. Thus, the Y chromosome represents an invaluable record of all mutations that have occurred along male lineages throughout evolution. For this reason, Y chromosomal DNA variation has been mainly used for investigations on human evolution and for forensic purposes or paternity analysis. Recently, Y chromosomal polymorphisms have been applied in molecular medicine from the perspective of male‐specific (spermatogenic failure, testis and prostate cancer) and prevalently male‐associated (hypertension, autism) diseases. The absence of recombination on the MSY (male‐specific Y) region means that polymorphisms, located in this region, are in tight association with potential functional variations associated with Y‐linked phenotypes. Thus, an indirect way to explore if Y chromosome genes are involved in the etiology of a specific disease is the definition of Y chromosome haplogroups in patients versus disease‐free and/or the general population. Data on patients with reduced sperm count and prostate cancer indicate that the 'at risk Y haplogroup' may be different in different populations. The situation is rather contradictory for other male‐specific or male‐associated diseases and further multicenter – possibly multiethnic – studies are needed.


According to several studies, for batteries of the type that powered by Iridium NEXT satellites, a 15% reduction in depth of discharge (DoD) the battery lifetime almost doubles. Given the satellites in LEO constellations can spend 30% of their time under the earth's umbra, time during which they are powered by batteries. Also, due to several geographical and economic flourish constraints, some Inter-Satellite links (ISLs) are expected to be loaded with data packets while others remain unused. Most research on satellite power management are at component level or link level, treating satellites as isolated devices. A complementary approach is to facilitate power management at constellation level by routing traffic through different paths to adjust the workload on individual links. Since these networks are typically over-provisioned, selectively shutting down satellite links during periods of low demand seems like a good way to reduce energy consumption. While still guaranteeing full connectivity and maximum link utilization constraints. Since identifying the optimal set of links to shut down is an NP-complete problem that can be solved only for trivial cases, therefore, we propose efficient heuristics that can be used for LEO satellite network topology.


The optical transmission spectra of Kapton foils irradiated with >/=O.1-M eV neutrons and ~0.25-MeV protons have been recorded in the visible region using a photoacoustic spectrometer.


In recent years, researchers have investigated the development of artificial neural networks (ANN) and finite element models (FEM) for predicting crack propagation in reinforced concrete (RC) members. However, most of the developed prediction models have been limited to focus on individual isolated RC members without considering the interaction of members in a structure subjected to hazard loads, due to earthquake and wind. This research develops models to predict the evolution of the cracks in the RC beam-column joint (BCJ) region. The RC beam-column joint is subjected to lateral cyclic loading. Four machine learning models are developed using Rapidminer to predict the crack width experienced by seven RC beam-column joints. The design parameters associated with RC beam-column joints and lateral cyclic loadings in terms of drift ratio are used as inputs. Several prediction models are developed, and the highest performing neural networks are selected, refined, and optimized using the various split data ratios, number of inputs, and performance indices. The error in predicting the experimental crack width is used as a performance index.


SYNOPSIS. The development of air-breathing organs in bimodally breathing fish has necessitated a degree of vascular remodelling in order to enhance gas exchange and support other homeostatic activities. Macrocirculatory changes include several plumbing schemes that allow perfusion of the gills, air-breathing organ, and systemic circulations in a variety of in-parallel and in-series arrangements. The incorporation of structural adaptations designed to minimize admixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in transit through the heart as well as vascular shunts further increases the efficiency of the gas exchange process. A number of anatomical modifications in capillary architecture and endothelial cell structure are found in air-breathing fish and appear to be unique to these vertebrates. The physiological significance of the microcirculatory adaptations remains, to a large extent, speculative.


Crop productivity is severely influenced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Among biotic factors, weeds are major yield reducers and may cause yield penalty up to 33-37% (Choudhary and Dixit 2018). In recent past, it has experienced that most of the arable and non-arable lands are vulnerable to invasions of field sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) (Andreasen and Stryhn 2008, Suryawanshi et al. 2018) and threatened the resident biodiversity. S. oleraceus is a plant of Asteraceae family, and originated from Europe and Western Asia. This is a dicotyledonous winter annual plant and considered an invasive species in several parts of the world. In India, it is being present in North-Eastern states, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and West Bengal and also considered invasive (Chandra 2012). Leaves are thin, soft, dark green with a purple vein with dimension of 10-22 × 3-10 cm with extremely variable upper leaves (Global Invasive Species Database 2019). It can grow up to 25-160 cm height and prefers solar radiation. It can grow fast and come into early flowering and produce enormous seeds. The seeds can germinate from September to March at optimum soil temperature and moisture (CISRO 2010). The longevity of S. oleraceus recorded up to 10 years under laboratory condition, whereas only 3.4-5.0% seeds were viable after 5 years in the soil. The seeds remain viable for 8 months when retained in top 2 cm, while seeds buried deeper can remain viable up to 30 months (Chauhan et al. 2006). Only 12% of seeds could survive after 30 months buried 10 cm deep (Widderick et al. 2010). At early stages up to 30 days, it does not offer serious competition; however, at 45 days onwards, it poses a serious threat. It can cause substantial yield loss to the tune of 12-45% in various crops such as chickpea, wheat, pea, etc. (personal observations). The major problem occurs particularly with open space field and vegetable crops. S. oleraceus is also an important alternate host of pest and diseases of crops i.e. watermelon mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and alfalfa mosaic virus, host for caster whitefly (Trialeuro desricini), Bemisia whiteflies, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) (Gu et al. 2003) and nematode Radopholus similis (Schippers 2004).


This contribution describes a new fast adaptive coherent receiver for the detection of Trellis-Coded-Modulated (TCM) signals transmitted over Time-Division-Multiple-Access (TDMA) based cellular mobile radio links affected by fast-fading multipaths and cochannel interference. The equalization and decoding tasks are jointly accomplished by a Symbol-by-Symbol (SbS)-MAP [8,Sect.6.6] combined equalizer-decoder which outputs both hard-decisions and soft-statistics in form of suitably defined A Posteriori Probabilities (APPs). These APPs (and not the usual harddecided data) feed an "ad hoc" developed nonlinear Kalman-like channel estimator, which accomplishes fast convergence through a full exploitation of the redundancy introduced by the TCM-code. A related analytical performance bound is also presented together with a criterion for the design of good TCM codes. I. THE TCM-CODED TDMA CELLULAR RADIO LINK TCM signaling is very attractive for data transmissions on TDMA land mobile cellular radio systems [2,Chap.1]. However, TDMA systems with net bit rates over 100 Kb/s and linking high speed mobile units (like, for example, the European GSM) are affected by multipath phenomena introducing severe randomly time-varying ISI into the received signal [2,Sect.8.7]. So, powerful adaptive coherent equalization and decoding strategies are generally requested to mitigate these impairments. Now, referring to the link between a MobileStation (MS) and a Base-Station (BS) sketched in Fig.1, the baud-rate sampled (complex) signal {y(k)} received at the output of the equivalent low-pass randomly time-variant ISI channel can be modeled as follows [8,Sect.6.3]: y k h( k l c k l i k H k c k i k k L l Lc


Objective To analyze the two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonic sonogram characteristics of bone tumors,and to explore the application value of ultrasound in diagnosis of bone tumors.Methods Forty-six patients with bone tumors were examined by ultrasound,their sonogram appearance was recorded.Results Osteoscarcoma and osteochondroma had specific ultrasonographic features.The blood flow supply was rare and the velocity of the arteries was low in benign tumors,while the blood flow supply was abundant,and the velocity of arteries was high in malignant tumors.Conclusion Ultrasonography can differentiate benign and malignant bone tumors,it has important value in clinical application.


Nietzsche is a transformative thinker in the history of western philosophy,he,taking the gradual disappearance of Dionysian spirit of Greek tragedy as the starting point,traced the lineage of mankind's morality,and announced God's death from the archaeological excavation of human's morality,established new value system which the will to power is the highest standards to assess,which announced the Platonic and the Christian spirit shattered,and gave an accurate positioning of the body.This article traced the philosophy of Nietzsche to reflect on the values of the malaise of modern society,reflected the degradation of man resulting from the scientific and technological progress,and put forwarded the philosophy of sports:Sports is the expression of Dionysian spirit,a positive attempt to master morality,and the joy of the will to power.


teenth-century conceptions of authorship, orality, and the effects of these considerations on the political culture of the time, a task beyond the scope of this book. Absent this, Laracey's argument leads to acceptance of a rhetorical surrogacy driven by partisan proclivities as a satisfactory proxy for presidential public address on policy issues. Particularly for rhetoricians, this position seems most un-satisfying. Tempering Laracey's challenge to reconstruct the rhetorical presidency is not to diminish the quality of work done in this book. The expanded role of newspapers as a means of mass public communication for nineteenth-century presidents enriches our understanding of the rhetorical presidency. The effects of partisan political philosophy on presidential communication with the public provide a fascinating background for both the nineteenth century and our current configuration of the rhetorical presidency. Mel Laracey's argument for added dimensions to the rhetorical presidency of the nineteenth century has raised challenging questions for presidential scholars to answer in the twenty-first.


EASY MATHEMATICS FOR BIOLOGISTS. By Peter CFoster. Amsterdam (The Netherlands): Harwood Academic Publishers. $18.50 (paper). vii + 106 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 90-5702-339-3. 1998. This small book covers measurements, ratios, exponents, algebraic equations, logarithms, and both straight-line and nonlinear rates of change. Some of the problems use biological examples. Trigonometric relations, calculus, and statistics are not treated.


Objective In order to obtain the fused antigen with high specificity and high sensitivity which was used to detect the tuberculosis.Methods The dominant epitopes of four antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MPT64,Mtb8,Mtb8.4 and Mtb16.3,were analyzed using the BIOSUN software.The gene sequence of each dominant antigen peptide was cloned by PCR,and then ligated into expression vector pBVIL1.The genes were induced to express in E coli HB101 and the antigenicity of each antigen was detected by indirect ELISA.Results Each dominant antigen peptide and the fused antigen were expressed highly in E coli HB101.The fused antigen presented more favourable antigenicity than that of each dominant antigen peptide.Conclusion The fused antigen,8.4-64-16.3-8,might serve as a serodiagnostic candidate antigen and was used to detect the tuberculosis.


Big Data technologies can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. The highest impact of Big Data applications is expected when data from various healthcare areas, such as clinical, administrative, financial, or outcome data, can be integrated. However, as of today, the seamless access to the various healthcare data pools is only possible in a very constrained and limited manner. For enabling the seamless access several technical requirements, such as data digitalization, semantic annotation, data sharing, data privacy and security as well as data quality need to be addressed. In this paper, we introduce a detailed analysis of these technical requirements and show how the results of our analysis lead towards a technical roadmap for Big Data in the healthcare domain.


The two genealogies of law have something different in the practice because of the difference in inherent tradition.However,all kinds of the theories in the two genealogies of law aim at getting around the problem of the extent of punishment being too wide that is possibly brought by the factual cause or the condition theory.The condition theory is the only correct causality theory,while causality is a problem of factual judgment.Even if there is causality,it still does not conform to the crime constitution if the conduct is not implemented or there is no trespass.


In wireless communication devices, one of the unique challenges found is the requirement for the design with high efficiency and cost efficiency in mass production. Thus, in this work, we come out with a new design that uses lesser components and occupies relatively smaller PCB space. The paper presents the realization of better VCO to cover frequency band of 600-800 MHz to replace current VCO design in a two-way radio with direct conversion receiver architecture. This work can help further in cost reduction and allow better utilization on the PCB space for other enhancement circuitry that benefits customers.


The invention discloses a tunnel arrangement structure, particularly discloses a multi-purpose tunnel arrangement structure, belongs to the technical field of design and construction of hydraulic and hydro-power engineering buildings and provides the permanence and temporariness combined multi-purpose tunnel arrangement structure used in the hydraulic and hydro-power engineering construction period and in the operation period after engineering construction. The multi-purpose tunnel arrangement structure comprises a tunnel body and a sill-containing lock chamber arranged on the tunnel body, wherein the lock chamber comprises a flow guide lock chamber body and a water diversion and flood discharge lock chamber body which are arranged horizontally and in parallel, and the sill elevation of the water diversion and flood discharge lock chamber body is larger than that of the flow guide lock chamber body.


generator. Because of the mechanism involved in both twiddler and reel syndrome, all leads would be affected to some extent, in case of several leads. Miguel A. Arias,* Marta Pachón, Alberto Puchol, Jesús Jiménez-López, Blanca Rodrı́guez-Picón, and Luis Rodrı́guez-Padial Ratchet syndrome: Ratchet syndrome can be defined as lead retraction and dislodgement due to progressive lead displacement through its fixation parts or protector sleeves, facilitated by movements of the ipsilateral arm and due to incomplete lead fixation to the protector sleeve, but without generator rotation over any of its axes. In this case, the problem could involve all system leads in a patient or, more commonly, only one of the leads, with all others in normal position; this is a key finding for identifying ratchet syndrome and distinguishing it from the other 2 lead macro-dislodgement syndromes. Prior to surgical revision of the system in the case of lead dislodgement, simple visualization of the lead(s) and radiographic visualization of the generator position, along with a comparison to the original implant position, will provide an approximate identification of the mechanism involved. For cases in which the evidence is not definitive, either because the system uses only 1 lead and there are no signs of any mechanism (eg, twisting) or because the generator is in its normal position and there are no lead abnormalities, it would be preferable to use the term ''lead macro-dislodgement'' alone. We believe that the classification and management of the proposed definitions may be helpful to the clinician and to the physician implanting the device and would allow better characterization of this rather common complication in patients with implantable electronic cardiac devices.


In this paper, a new control scheme for front-end PWM converter extended with shunt active filter is proposed. By controlling independently active and reactive power flows a front-end converter can act as conventional converter and shunt active filter in parallel. Thereby, a conventional front-end converter can be extended functionally with active filter without any hardware added. In addition, in order to handle the case of power rating exceeded, an adaptive gain control is proposed to control the power flow required by a conventional PWM converter and an active filter. In this work, the proposed control schemes are investigated on the front-end voltage source converter and verified by simulation and experiment


This paper assesses the benefits and pitfalls of Analog in-Memory Compute (AiMC) solutions from the accelerator level. The study shows that AiMC can improve efficiency significantly, yet only when the AiMC array topology and the memory technology are co-optimized with the memory and system architecture. The paper provides design guidelines to maximally exploit the opportunities of AiMC technology, and gives an outlook towards emerging memory technologies.


Enterprise architecture management (EAM) is expected to provide business value by guiding the continuous development and transformation of an enterprise. Based on the approach we strive for constructing useful artifacts that guide the successful and situational design of EAM. In order to do so we argue for a thorough analysis of the design problem in advance. This is realized by a two-step survey conducted on EAM practices. The empirical analysis reveals eight determining design factors of EAM, a delineation of three different types of EAM design in the form of clusters as well as insight about the successfulness of the different types.


Henry L. Doherty: This paper is a most valuable contribution to a subject of great importance. I will not attempt to discuss any of the details of the paper for fear it will distract from the broader matters which are worthy of consideration.


Objective: To study the clinical impact of acute respiratory dysfunction(ARD) after surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection and to assess optional treatment options.Methods: Two hundred and two patients with type A aortic dissection received surgery under DHCA(nose temperasture below 22 degree) from February 2009 to January 2011.Postoperative ARD was diagnosed as hypoxia(PaO2/FiO2150) that occurred within 72 h of surgery and was not related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema,pneumonia,pleural effusion,pneumothorax and so on.A total of 27 patients(27/202,13.4%) had postoperative ARD.Twenty-one occurred within 24 hours and six occurred within 48 hours.All patients were divided into two groups: ARD group and non-ARD group.Clinical characters between the two groups were compared.Lung protective ventilation was initiated in ARD group.Including protective ventilation,PEEP induced alveolar recruitment and other supportive therapy.Results: The body mass index and DHCA duration in ARD group were significantly higher than those in non-ARD group(P0.05).26 patients were successfully weaned with lung protection ventilation.Tracheotomy was performed in one patient with prolonged ventilation( 7 days).The patient was weaned in the 21st day after operation.The mean ARD duration was(3.2±2.4) d and ICU stay was(4.5±2.1) d.There was no hospital mortality in ARD group.Conclusion: The incidence of ARD after surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection was 13.4%.Lung protective ventilation combined with PEEP induced alveolar recruitment had good results in therapy of ARD after surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.


The centerpiece of the SALVE III microscope is CEOS' new Cc-Cs-corrector that is based on the socalled Rose-Kuhn-Design [3,4]. The corrector is incorporated into a cubed FEI Titan Themis TEM and has been aligned for five accelerating voltages in the range from 20 to 80kV. During corrector design special care had to be taken to avoid the resolution limiting effects of thermal magnetic field noise (Johnson-Nyquist noise) that effectively limits the information transfer in Cc-corrected electron microscopes [5]. As seen in Table 1, these measures have been successful in that for all desired high-tensions the resulting final resolutions exceed the desired 50mrad aperture. Figure 1(a) exemplarily demonstrates the achieved information limit at an accelerating voltage of 20kV. For the two perpendicular directions the Young's fringes on a purely amorphous 2nm tungsten sample significantly exceed the 50mrad radius. In order to "use" the transferred information adequately, the phase plate, i.e. the aberration function, has to be well-controlled beyond the 50mrad-angle. This requires access up to including 5th order axial aberrations, and -for a considerable field of viewcontrol over off-axial aberrations. The aberration measurement in Figure 1(b) demonstrates that all unround axial aberrations as well as the off-axial aberrations can be tuned sufficiently small. At the same time, the round aberrations can be adjusted for a suitable phase contrast transfer function (indicated in green color). Consequently, as visible in Figure 1(c) atomic resolution imaging at 20kV becomes reality. Chromatic aberration causes inelastically scattered electrons, i.e. electrons of lower energy, to be focused much stronger. This is not true in the Cc-corrected instrument. Figure 1(d) compares the energydependent defocus effect at 20kV of a Cc-uncorrected TEM (red line, Cc=1.45mm) and the SALVE microscope (measurements: black dots, 3rd order fit: dashed line). The magnified area indicates that EFTEM with significant energy windows is possible even at 20kV enabling new modes of operation such as high-resolution EFTEM at very low voltages. [6]


Objective:In order to verify the sex-inheritance of strain YAASM0711 of Agrocybe salicacola and explore the interspecific hybridization between different isolates of Agrocybe.Method:The mating type and interspecific hybridization for strains YAASM0962,YAASM0969,YAASM0967 and A.aegerita CS45 were studied.Result:The sex-inheritance of strain YAASM0962 was tetrapolar heterothallism,the ratio of four different mating-type A3B3∶A4B3∶A3B4∶A4B4 of monocaryotic strains was 6∶10∶14∶7.The ratio of mating type of YAASM0969 and CS45 were distorted segregation,only there were two mating types in the basidiospores.The ratios of two different mating-type of YAASM0969(A5B5∶A6B6) and CS45(A7B7∶A8B8) were 38∶35 and 51∶55.The mating results showed that the dikaryons with clamp connection of YAASM0711-YAASM0962,YAASM0711-YAASM0969,YAASM0711-YAASM0967 and YAASM0711-CS45 could be obtained,and produced fruiting bodies except YAASM0711-CS45.Conclusion:In a word,A.salicacola and A.aegerita were different biological species except for others,the sex-inheritance of them are tetrapolar heterothallism,segregation distortion caused by the the mating factor gene constant recombination,insert or delete accompany artificial cultivation,which lead to the disproportion of polarity strain,and even make some polarity is lost.


The utility model relates to a technical field that the rainwater was collected, was saved and utilize specifically indicates a non - infiltration detention pond of rising to a height shape cast member. Include the main prefabricated component, headwall prefabricated component and the side wall prefabricated component that form by concrete placement, headwall prefabricated component and side wall prefabricated component fix the pool wall that forms detention pond at detention pond 's bottom of the pool up end, main prefabricated component includes roof and two the support column be no less than of building under roof terminal surface, and the polylith roof is assembled the connection each other and is fixed in the chi ding who forms detention pond on the bottom of the pool through the support column. The utility model discloses a detention pond is assembled through various modular prefabricated component and is formed, and it is great in constructing amount to have solved prior art integral cast, the big problem of the construction degree of difficulty, the utility model discloses a detention pond simple to operate, swift, stable in structure can be applied to various environment and occasion, has very big spreading value.


Ann Saudi Med 31(2) March-April 2011 www.saudiannals.net 207 A 3-year-old female child, the product of a nonconsanguineous marriage, presented with the chief complaints of developmental delay and generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Physical examination showed microcephaly, gross hypotonia, and nystagmus. MR imaging showed subtotal agenesis of the cerebellum, with rudimentary bean-like hemispheric remnants anterosuperiorly. The pons was hypoplastic, with no discernible ventral pontine eminence. The posterior fossa was fluid filled and of normal size. A few hyperintense foci were noted in the periventricular white matter on T2 and FLAIR images. Closed-lip schizencephaly was noted in the left frontal lobe. The diagnosis was subtotal cerebellar agenesis (Chiari IV malformation) with closed-lip schizencephaly. Subtotal agenesis of cerebellum, also called Chiari IV malformation, is a very rare condition that is characterized by severely hypoplastic, rudimentary cerebellar hemispheres along with a normal-sized, fluid-filled posterior fossa and pontine hypoplasia. Clinical features vary from mild to severe. The Chiari IV malformation is distinct from the Dandy–Walker malformation, the posterior fossa being of normal size in the former, but it is indistinguishable from primary cerebellar agenesis or pontocerebellar hypoplasia.1 Goasdoire et al have described the MR features of pontocerebellar hypoplasia. These include a thin flat pons, with loss of the anterior curve; a small cerebellum, with predominant flattening of hemispheres and shortened cerebellar fissures; and a normal-sized posterior fossa.2 Uhl et al have described similar features plus some other features like gyral atrophy, delayed myelination with no significant disorganization of brain architecture, or a corpus callosum defect.3 Our patient also had closed-lip schizencephaly (which has not previously been described). The reason MRI demonstration of subtotal agenesis of the cerebellum with closed-lip schizencephaly


OBJECTIVE: To study the in vitro dissolution rate of Simvastain tablets from different pharmaceutical factories,and to provide reference for clinical use of drugs.METHODS: The dissolution rates of Simvastain tablets from 7 pharmaceutical factories were investigated by paddle method at rotating speed of 50 r·min-1 using water and phosphate buffer solution (pH=6.8),lauryl sodium sulfate/monosodic alkaline buffer solution (pH=7.0) stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition) as dissolution medium with standard dissolution curves stipulated in "orange book" of Japan as control.The comparison of similar factor f2 was conducted.RESULTS: Simvastain tablets dissolved in lauryl sodium sulfate/monosodic alkaline buffer solution (pH=7.0) well.The accumulative dissolution rate was 80% within 15 min.The dissolution of Simvastain tablets in water and phosphate buffer solution (pH=6.8) was different,and similar factor f2 was almost smaller than 50.CONCLUSIONS: The dissolution of Simvastain tablets from different pharmaceutical factories in different medium is different significantly.There is significant difference among the quality of Simvastain tablets from different pharmaceutical factories,which should be paid attention in clinical application.


Cyclosporine-A (CyA) and FK506 are immunosuppressive agents that are widely used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disorders because of their ability to suppress the production of Th1 cytokines including IL-12. Both CyA and FK506 are potent inhibitors of calcineurin in the calcium signalling pathway. However, the role of calcium signalling in the regulation of human IL-12p40 production remains unknown. Interestingly, calcium and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathways have been shown to negatively regulate LPS-induced murine IL-12p40 production. Contrary to these observations, we show here that LPS-induced IL-12p40 production in human monocytic cells is positively regulated by calcium activated calmodulin- (CaM) and CaM-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II)-activated PI3K. Furthermore, LPS induced the production of IL-12p40 by NFκB and AP-1 transcription factors through the activation of upstream CaM/CaMK-II. LPS-induced IL-12p40 production is known to be regulated by the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Importantly, both CyA and FK506 downregulated LPS-induced IL-12p40 transcription by inhibiting CaM/CaMK-II-activated PI3K and their downstream transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 independent of the JNK pathway.


The concept of probability and randomized events is the main basis of statistics. Thus, literacy of probability and randomized events is a basis of statistical literacy. This study aimed to describe and assess the literacy of probability and randomized events for students of the statistics department of the first (2013) and the second (2014) batch at Universitas Negeri Makassar. Statistical literacy is defined in four indicators namely understanding the concept; the ability to apply; the ability to calculate; and interpretation skills of probability and randomized events. The approach used for the analysis of this survey data were descriptive quantitative and classification. Classification analysis was used to determine problems classification faced by students in probability and randomized events literacy. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to see the validity of the construct operational definitions of the variables. This study found that the level of probability and randomized events literacy achieved by statistics students at Universitas Negeri Makassar is categorized medium, pointing to the need for increased learning strategies that emphasize the four basic competencies.


Objective To analyze the effects by ultrasonic diagnosis and classification in microbubble polycystic liver. Methods A total of 43 patients with microbubble polycystic liver were divided by different detection methods into reference group and control group. The reference group with 23 cases received ultrasound detection, and the control group with 20 cases received CT detection. Detection results of the two groups were observed and comparatively analyzed. Results Compared with 65.00% of the control group, the reference group had the accuracy rate as 91.30% in diagnosis, and their difference had statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion Ultrasonic diagnosis and classification provide huge effects in microbubble polycystic liver with effective and accurate diagnosis. This method is worthy of promotion and application with great attention.


Not all children have a gender identity as boy or girl. Yet grown ups - teachers and family tend to force children in to one or the other and then punish them who don't fit in. This project examines how a child reacts to the invisible violence that is force gendering and how I as an illustrator best convey those feelings. The result is the graphic novel "Girl Code". By experimenting with different imagery, light/darkness and perspective I searched for the best way to convey emotion and power. My goal was by creating an emotional story, to arouse the reader's empathy and understanding of how non binary gender identity not only exist, but also must to be respected.


The establishment of the GPS and the large spread of this technique made new, simpler and more accurate adaptation of navigational and positioning methods possible. The geodesic and military- geodesic adaptation of the technique needed new, country-wide geodetic network, defined only by GPS method. The developed networks created the right relationship between the already existing country-wide and the international geodetic networks.


Students with learning disabilities often have low academic achievement because of the cognitive disorders and impaired working memory as well as executive functions such as processing-organizing and remembering information. The development of metacognitive skills shows in the eight pillars of metacognition such as self-awareness, self-control, and selfregulation help students to recognize weaknesses and apply strategies to support them offset their cognitive deficits, by becoming more flexible and adapt to any changes. STEAM education for students via multi-faceted and multi-sensory approach to develop metacognitive skills, control and monitor how children learn while building necessary knowledge, ensuring equality in learning academic and work opportunities for all students. Thereby, improving their selfesteem, confidence and independence of students with learning disabilities, helping them cope with challenges in the future.


Abstract : (1) The ability to judge time to collision with an approaching object is high in central vision but considerably poorer in peripheral vision. (2) A pilot's time to collision with a simulated approaching helicopter depends on the relative contributions of ownship speed and target speed. (3) Binocular judgements of the direction of motion in depth are similar for motion in the vertical and horizontal meridians. (4) Spatial frequency, temporal frequency, orientation and contrast are processed independently and in parallel. (5) Orientation discrimination for cyclopean form and texture-defmed form can be as acute as for luminance-defined form. (6) A letter test for measuring the ability to see and recognize texture-defined form has been made freely available. (7) A physiologically-plausible model of the recognition of texture-defined letters has been developed. (8) The ability to recognize texture-defined, motion-defined and luminance-defined letters can be independently lost in patients with multiple sclerosis. (9) Magnetic brain recording has been used to identify and locate an audio-visual convergence area in human brairand centres for color-defined, texture-defined and luminance-defined form. (10) Mathematical methods for obtaining the response of auditory hair cells to complex amplitude modulated tones and the harmonic distortion of a pure tone caused by the hair cell transducer function have been developed.


Passive films formed on chromium surface in citrate buffer solution were investigated by means of three-parameter ellipsometry. The citrate buffer was found to be a suitable medium in which oxide film on chromium could be removed by cathodic treatment, providing a reference surface for the optical study. The passive film effectively protecting the chromium surface from corrosion was found to have thicknesses in the range 0.65 to 1.25 nm depending on the potential in the range of -0.20 to 0.60 V (0.1M KCl calomel electrode). The complex refractive index of the passive film did not show significant potential-dependent changes, indicating that the composition of the film material does not depend on potential.


Micropropagation is a reliable technique in biotechnology and genetic engineering domain, which has been widely applied for rapid mass propagation of plants in vitro condition. Through micropropagation techniques, reproduction of plants can be attained from different explants using organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Over the decades, micropropagation techniques have offered tremendous potential for forest tree improvement. Eucalyptus is a woody plant species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. In general, the micropropagation of Eucalyptus culture processes and the genotype, environment surroundings, and age of explants in culture media is frequently linked with the occurrence of micropropagation variation. In the current review paper, an update of the most important physiological and molecular phenomena aspects of Eucalyptus micropropagation was linked to the most profound information. To achieve the mentioned target, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrients, other adjuvant and environmental features, as well as genetic interaction with morpho- and physiological mechanisms was studied from the induction to plant acclimatisation. On the other hand, important mechanisms behind the organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus are discussed. The information of current review paper will help researchers in choosing the optimum condition based on the scenario behind the tissue culture technique of Eucalyptus. However, more studies are required to identify and overcome some of the crucial bottlenecks in this economically important forest species to establish efficient micropropagation protocol at the industrial level.


The government plays an important role in supporting the growth of MSMEs, contributing greatly to the nation's economy. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Jakpreneur program in improving the financial performance of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta. The samples in this study were 220 respondents with the criteria of MSMEs in the West Jakarta area who had been established and joined the Jakpreneur program for more than one year. Research data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The results showed that the Training, Marketing, Financial Reporting, and Capital programs had a positive and significant effect, while the Mentoring program had a positive but insignificant effect. On the other hand, the Licensing Program has an insignificant effect on improving the financial performance of MSMEs.


Introduction: Nicotine is the most important alkaloid compound in tobacco and is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders of several organ systems. Some plants produce Curcuma longa (curcumin), which has antioxidant and neuro-protective properties.
Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of curcumin against nicotine injury on the hippocampus CA1 region of rats. In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: Normal control (saline) group, Nicotine control group (0.5 mg/kg); Curcumin groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg) and Nicotine + Curcumin groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intra-peritoneally daily for 28 days. Golgi staining technique investigated the number of dendritic spines. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in the hippocampal region CA1. Griess technique was assessed to determine serum nitrite oxide levels. Also, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity.
Results: Nicotine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and decreased total antioxidant capacity. The number of neuronal dendritic spines, as well as neurons per se, also decreased, compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In all the members of the Curcumin and Nicotine + Curcumin groups, the number of neurons, neuronal dendritic spines and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly compared to the nicotine control group, while nitrite oxide level decreased significantly compared to the nicotine control group (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: It seems that Curcumin administration improved hippocampal CA1 region injury in rats caused by Nicotine.


: In the process of domestic production of IVECO vehicle' s brake assembly in order to ensure the reliability of the production, by analyzing the fatigue and expectancy experiments on the standard of IVECO Corp.' s production, associated with the specific requirements of IVECO vehicle' s brake after domestic production, an advanced and multi- function brake assembly test- bed,whih is composed of execute mechanism, hydraulic system and control system, has been developed.The structure and principle of the test- bed has been detailed introduced in this article.


Jeremy Dorovolomo will speak on the after-school activities of 63 class four pupils of three Fiji primary schools. The hours between 3 p. m to bedtime, when students are out of school, has always been a concern as to what they are doing and what they should be doing. Globally, many children return home to an empty home. Their parents are still at work or elsewhere when the child gets home. These latchkey children usually spend one or more hours at home alone. Through the latchkey experience various children may develop independence at an early age. On the other hand, it can lead children to negative habits of juvenile delinquency, drug and alcohol abuse. These hours are critical and whether out-of-school time should be adult imposed or invented by children in a safe environment, parents and society need to recognise the importance of after school hours.


Our company, after its inauguration of the business operation, has positively advanced technology developments and achieved many results such as a safe and steady transportation, improvements of transport speed and service, and a load reduction in the terrestrial environment. In July 2002 general technology division has started to accelerate technology development by adopting in integrated and comprehensive approach covering the entire range of relevant technological issues. Technology research and development department that is the nucleus of general technology division, establish two main piller as its fundamental approach to technology development; improving railway technology and challenging to new fields and concentrates on the technology development through a free, active discussion from the sophisticated technological viewpoint.


PP-972; Scientists at the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment
Station have developed a rapid and Simple test for detecting bacterial pathogens in bean seeds. the guide focuses on that test.


The 16Cr20Ni14Si2 belongs to a classic heat-resistant steel grades.Its content of carbon,manganese and silicon has a wide range.The control level of these elements affects the steel's mechanical properties and high temperature performance significantly.In order to understand the effect of carbon,manganese and silicon on heat-resistant steel 16Cr20Ni14Si2 performance,the authors compared mechanical properties of the test steels with different contents of carbon,manganese and silicon,and calculated and compared their Thermal-Calc precipitated phases,and finally,they knew the role and effect of these elements on the steel's mechanical performance.The test data indicated while being stretched at the temperature below 700℃,the contents of carbon,manganese and silicon have a great influence on heat-resistant steel 16Cr20Ni14Si2's high temperature yield strength and tensile strength.


To elucidate deficiencies in the nutrients needed for phytoplankton growth, nutrient limits were examined in 24 lagoons, SATOMIZU "Naiko", connected to Lake Biwa. The evaluation parameters consisted of particulate bioelements (particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus), chlorophyll-a, and nutrient (nitrogenous and phosphorus compound) concentrations and their ratios. The phytoplankton in almost all lagoons was not limited by either nitrogen or phosphorous compounds. However, phytoplankton growth in some shallow lagoons with low phytoplankton concentrations was affected by phosphorus nutrients. All lakes throughout the watershed were identified as eutrophic based on total phosphorus concentration as the trophic state index. Furthermore, six lagoons were identified as oligotrophic or mesotrophic lakes, and the other 18 lagoons were identified as eutrophic lakes, judging from chlorophyll-a concentration indicators.


The device of the invention comprises: A dip tube (6), SUITABLE TO BE INTRODUCED IN THE RESERVOIR TO THE MAXIMUM FILLING LEVEL TAX; A cylindrical (10) chamber communicating with the interior of the dip tube and opening through a hole in an expansion chamber (11) having a flyweight (20) COMMISSIONING ATMOSPHERE; CILINDRICO a core (12) slidably mounted in the cylinder chamber (10); On the outside of this core, at least one longitudinal groove (21) adapted for communicating inside the tube (6) and the expansion chamber (11); EXPANSION in each chamber (11), means ELASTIC RECOVERY (17), against which moves the NUCLEO 812); Also in this expansion chamber (11), a probe (27) temperature measurement; AND CONTROLLED MEDIA ABOUT THIS PROBE AND SUITABLE FOR ACTING TO A REMOTE CONTROL SIGNAL INTERRUPTION TO INDUCE reservoir when the measured temperature is below ambient temperature.


1. A method comprising the steps of: receiving information identifying the amount of electric power consumed in the location within the given time interval; ! extracting information about the influence of carbon, which corresponds to the generation of electrical energy consumed in a given time interval; and! calculating a carbon credit based on the extracted information about the effect of carbon for a given time interval and the received information on the electric power consumption associated with a given time interval. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval corresponds to the time between successive read requests for said information on power consumption in said location. ! 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the information on the electric power consumption is read utility node in several intervals within the billing period to indicate the number of data slots within the period of consumption invoicing, and in which the communal node stores information on the energy consumption for the later transmission of information energy consumption corresponding to several intervals of consumption, in the form of a message in the collection of information on the consumption of the system. ! 4. A method comprising the steps of: extracting information about the electric energy consumption associated with the account, wherein the extracted information about the consumption of electric energy corresponds to the length of time, wherein the time interval corresponds to the period when the electrical energy was received from an electrical distribution system ene


The water body of Dianchi Lake is eutrophic now.Using a new kind of algaecide-ALGAEGON 247,the algae of Dianchi Lake was removed,and adding four different concentration ALGAEGON 247,By measuring the change of chlorophyll and TP, ALGAEGON 247 has a good effect to removing chlorophyll and TP,then the best effect can be gotten when adding 4mg/L ALGAEGON 247,the removal rate of chlorophyll and TP are 56.7 % and 38.9 % respectively.


An array of CoNiP magnetic nanowires were grown in polycarbonate membrane using potentiostatic electrodeposition technique under three electrodes configuration. The commercially available track etched polycarbonate membranes of thickness 6 mum with pore size of 50 nm diameter were used in these experiments. The electrolyte bath consists of NiCl2-6.81 g/l, CoCl2-2.76 g/l, NaH2 PO2-2.59 g/l, H 3BO3-2.49 g/l, NaCl-2.20 g/l, Saccharin-0.8 g/l was used for deposition of CoNiP magnetic nanowires. The main aim of this work focuses on growth conditions, structural and magnetic properties of the CoNiP nanowires. In this context first we observed three different growths of nanowire lengths 1.21 mu m, 4.31 mu m and 6 mu m at three different deposition times 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns of CoNiP nanowires have shown the intermixture of fcc and hcp phases. The structural properties of the CoNiP nanowires were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The magnetic properties of the CoNiP nanowires were observed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which show hard magnetic properties with no preferential magnetization direction of the nanowires having high coercivity values around 500 Oe.


In the context of economic growth destabilization, issues of supporting and stimulating the business activity of economic entities come to the fore. In this regard, one of the main instruments of direct influence is the tax burden, which is closely monitored by financial departments. The attractiveness of the tax jurisdiction depends on its objective calculation and management. However, sometimes there are additional hidden non-tax payments that are not taken into account in the standard burden indicator, but at the same time, sometimes having a significant impact on the fiscal costs of legal entities and individuals. The article provides an overview of the main definitions that characterize the amount of taxpayer's payments to the state: load, burden, oppression, pressure, and the like. The approaches of Russian and foreign methods for determining the value under study are presented. It was clarified that in addition to the tax, there is a non-tax component of the burden that is gradually growing. The sequence of collection of para-fiscal non-tax payment is visualized. Based on this, a general definition of the fiscal burden is formulated, which includes tax and non-tax (para-tax) components. At the end of the article, the authors assess the magnitude of the load in three components and formulate the conclusions of the study.


The indirect effects of anthropogenic disturbances on wildlife are relatively difficult to detect, much less study, yet understanding these more subtle influences are particularly critical for the conservation of species-at-risk. In this study, I used radio-telemetry and markrecapture methods to investigate the indirect effects of human disturbance and habitat development on the body characteristics, behaviour, and spatial ecology of a population of rattlesnakes (a threatened species) in Osoyoos, British Columbia. I collected data in 2010 and 2011 to augment a data set spanning 2002 to 2012. Individuals in highly disturbed landscapes had lower body condition than snakes in other areas, and lost body weight over the foraging season. Strong trends in spatial ecology parameters across disturbance gradients were not apparent, although snakes in disturbed sites tended to have smaller core areas, shorter range lengths, and took a greater number of days to travel a given distance than snakes in lessdisturbed habitat. No major differences were observed in snake behaviour, exposure risk, or other spatial ecology parameters among habitats under different disturbance pressures. Wildlife managers can apply the results of this study to put recovery goals into action for the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake. The findings also contribute to our understanding of how wildlife may be impacted in discrete ways within disturbed habitat, and highlight the importance of using multiple indicators to assess stability of animal populations.


In this contribution the way algorithms for object detection in urban areas are integrated into the knowledge-based image interpretation system GeoAIDA is described. Generic scene models are used for object detection in settlement areas, whereas the implementation of the respective algorithms is a collection of stand-alone-operators. With GeoAIDA a system is available which uses these operators in the first phase (model-driven, top-down) in order to generate hypotheses for objects in the scene. In the second phase (data-driven, bottom-up) the hypotheses are further processed using structural knowledge about the scene. Here, detected buildings are grouped using the Relative Neighborhood Graph. An example shows that the combination of low-level image operators and high-level grouping operators leads to enhanced scene analysis results.


Introduction and syncope, and was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. A solitary infected internal iliac artery aneurysm is His past medical history included asymptomatic a rare but life-threatening condition unless treated cholecystolithiasis, which was noted on annual exsurgically. To our knowledge, only three cases have amination and followed without specific treatment. been reported in the English literature. He had had no episodes suggestive of food poisoning Although an infected aneurysm rapidly progresses such as diarrhoea and vomiting. to rupture and prompt surgical intervention is manOn admission, his height was 161 cm and his weight datory, early diagnosis is sometimes difficult. In adwas 66 kg. Heart rate was 108 beats/min and blood dition, the surgical procedure of resection of an pressure was 150/80 mmHg. Body temperature was infected internal iliac aneurysm is complicated, since 38.4 °C. Consciousness was clear. Physical examination they are situated deep in the pelvis and are adherent revealed tenderness and rebound tenderness of the to the iliac vein and/or ureter. lower abdomen. No pulsatile abdominal mass was We report a case of Salmonella-infected ruptured palpable. Laboratory data showed an increased inaneurysm of the internal iliac artery associated with flammatory reaction; white blood cell count of cholecystolithiasis, which was successfully treated by 21.3×109/l, and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 14.9 mg/ resection of the aneurysm and gallbladder after esdl. CT scan with contrast-enhancement showed a tablishing an extra-anatomic bypass. We discuss the 35×45×50 mm right internal iliac aneurysm surimportance of prompt surgical management including rounded by haematoma, indicating that the aneurysm removal of the possible source of Salmonella infection. had rapidly enlarged and ruptured (Fig. 1). Cholecystolithiasis was also detected. These findings and the clinical history led to the diagnosis of an infected ruptured aneurysm of the right internal iliac artery, Case Report and an emergency operation was performed. Because his haemodynamic condition was stable, A 71-year-old man was referred to another hospital after establishing extra-anatomic bypass from the left with the main complaint of lower back pain. Comexternal iliac artery to the right common femoral artery, puted tomographic (CT) scan showed a solitary the aneurysm together with the right common and the 32×35×50 mm aneurysm of the right iliac artery and external iliac artery were resected. Although there was right hydronephrosis. He had a high-grade fever up marked perianeurysmal adhesion, no accumulation of to 38 °C during this period. Blood culture yielded Salmonella O-4. He had an episode of hypotension pus was observed. The retroperitoneal infected field was packed with omentum. Cholecystectomy was performed concomitantly to remove the possible focus of ∗ Please address all correspondence to: T. Miyata, Division of VasSalmonella infection. Culture of the arterial wall and cular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, blood yielded Salmonella O-4, but that of the stone The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. was not obtained because of contamination.


In this paper, the beetle (Coleoptera) is taken as a bionic object. According to the characteristic of the hind wing of the beetle that can be folded, combined with the four-plate mechanism theory, a bionic flapping aircraft with four-degree-of-freedom beetle foldable wing is designed. It can realize flapping, gliding, wing folding and abduction/adduction movement with self-locking function. At the same time, the physical model of the beetle-folding four-plate wing was established. The dynamic simulation of the flight process was carried out in ADAMS. The variation of the force and torque of the flexible hinge at different flapping frequencies is analyzed. The results show that the force and torque of the hinge have nonlinear characteristics during the take-off phase, but they tend to be stable eventually. The force and torque of each hinge first decrease and then increase as the flapping frequency increases, and the time of fluctuations becomes smaller. The simulation results provide a reference for the parameter design of the flexible hinge and the control of the aircraft motion.


Psoriasis is a chronic, immunological and systemic disease with an estimated prevalence of about 2-3 percent. Psoriasis is associated with the joint disease psoriasis arthropathy. There are several ...


ABSTRACT Television drama has implications beyond providing entertainment and beyond immediate audience reactions and responses. Māori focus group participants in my research on local television dramas were acutely aware of how they were represented on screen. As an audience they were deeply affected and worked hard to pre-empt and address what they saw or expected to see. Against a backdrop of colonisation and negative stereotypes that pervade Māori representations, they undertook multiple forms of meaning making and negotiated complex responses. Colonial trauma emerged as a deeply felt response to representations that reminded participants of the effects of colonisation; for example, the denigration of te reo Māori (Māori language) and issues of identity. When viewing troubling depictions, participants deployed strategies of resistance, including a response I termed 'Imagining Resistance' where, they created backstories and interpretations for characters' motivations and behaviours.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.4.273 Vol 2 | Issue 4 | July 2020 1 Abstract — Background: Gynecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system usually performed by gynecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility and incontinence. Gynecological conditions are seen in the non-pregnant and early pregnant state up to 20 weeks gestation. . Just like every other surgery, they require anesthesia for the elimination of surgical pain and the surgical methods to a great extent, determine the choice of anesthesia employed. Anesthesia is usually in the form of regional, especially the neuroaxial type, or general anesthesia. This study was conducted to ascertain the anesthetic techniques employed for gynecological surgeries in the Benue State University Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi, Nigeria and complications arising there from. Methodology: A retrospective and descriptive study of case files of patients that underwent gynecological surgeries between January 2016 and December 2018 in BSUH, Makurdi was carried out. A total of 156 case files of eligible patients were retrieved from the records department of BSUTH after approval from relevant authorities. Relevant information were extracted from the patients' folders and transferred into a prepared proforma. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 25 using simple statistics. Result: A total of 156 cases were evaluated. The age bracket with the most number is that between 21 and 30 years which recorded 54 (34.6%). This was followed by the age group between 31 and 40 years which were 51, making up 32.7% of the study population. Uterine fibroid was the most recorded diagnosis with 36 cases accounting for 23.1% of the study population. This was followed by ruptured ectopic gestation which was observed to 23, representing 14.7% of the study group. Cancer (Ca) of the cervix recorded 22, amounting to 14.1% of the study group. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out 44 times accounting for 28.2% of the procedures. This was followed by myomectomy and examination under anesthesia (EUA) with 26, representing 14.7% of the variables each. Of the 156 anesthetic procedures undertaken, 56 (35.9%) were sub-arachnoid block (SAB). This was followed closely by general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (GA/ETT) with 55 (35.3%). General anesthesia with face mask (GA/FM) came third with 35 (22.4%). Twenty-four episodes of complications were observed out of which pain occurred 10 times accounting for 41.7% of the variables. Hypotension occurred 8 times representing 33.3% of the variables. Accordingly, 24 modalities were employed for the management of complications of anesthetic techniques of which IV administration of ephedrine was done 8 times representing


On the basis of the environment of information society ,the article summarizes the essential definition of Information Accomplishment ,discusses the meaning of college students' information and analyzes the information accomplishment college students should have from the following four points the information consciousness accomplishment,the information ethics accomplishment,the ability to handle information,and the ability to exchange and share information.


preventive or disease- modifying effect of biologicals. It is tempting to speculate on disease- modifying or preventive effects of biologicals address ing IL- 4/IL- 13 pathway or upstream like anti- IL- 33 on very young children or even in pregnancy. However, more safety data from controlled trials are required before approaches interfering with immune pathways in childhood and very early in life (<2 years) can be considered in such vulnerable populations. In conclusion, there is no evidence that biologicals can sustainably break vicious cy cles of inflammation and thereby rescind or stop the progression of the disease. Moreover, we do not have sufficient evidence to suggest a role of T2 immunity targeting biologicals to promote tolerance development to allergens when applied with or without AIT. holds advisory roles have noth to disclose.


The alternative solvent can be derived from bio-based resources such as levulinic acid and it is abiotically degraded by air.


Radar scattering amplitudes contain pole singularities whose importance was recognized in the context of the singularity expansion method. The scattering of impulsive signals, studied previously, was shown to involve a large number of such poles, whose residues combine to form creeping-wave pulses. It is shown here that the use of sinusoidal pulses of long but finite duration, with the carrier frequency tuned to a pole frequency, may selectively probe one pole at a time. The ringing of any such selected resonance may be viewed as a coherent superposition of a succession of long creeping-wave pulses. Illustrative numerical calculations are carried out for the example of conducting spheres with or without dielectric coating. >


The field of computational textiles has shown promise as a domain for diversifying computer science culture by drawing a population with broad and non-traditional interests and backgrounds into creating technology. In this paper, we present a curriculum that teaches computer science and computer programming through a series of activities that involve building and programming computational textiles. We also describe two new technological tools, Modkit and the LilyPad ProtoSnap board, that support implementation of the curriculum. In 2011-12, we conducted three workshops to evaluate the impact of our curriculum and tools on students' technological self-efficacy. We conclude that our curriculum both draws a diverse population, and increases students' comfort with, enjoyment of, and interest in working with electronics and programming.


The importance of the article, "Autonomy for Burned Patients When Survival Is Unprecedented" (p. 308, this issue), is that it shows that ethics in medicine is not something restricted to pieties in...


This article compares the efficacy of abstracted systems analysis and concrete systems analysis for the study of society. Arguments for both the abstracted approach and the concrete approach are presented. A number of disadvantages of the abstracted approach are noted which hinder its usefulness as an isolated approach to sociology. These include the difficulty of system boundary determination, and the difficulty of consistently excluding the individual as the unit of analysis. The conclusion is reached that currently sociology needs a holistic model that is isomorphic with the empirical complex society, and that only a concrete systems model will satisfy this need. Such a model has the further advantage that it is easily applicable to the analysis of various system levels such as die individual, group, world, etc The holistic model is evaluated in terms of the arguments for abstracted systems, and is found to be consistent with the aims of adherents of this approach. Thus, it is concluded that the concrete approach does not preclude abstracted analysis, but may in fact facilitate such analysis by providing needed empirical grounding and model/data isomorphism. The article concludes with some thoughts on the need for exploring links between conceptual, abstracted, and concrete systems.


Fusarium head blight (FHB) is common disease of cereals all over the world and one of the most important barley diseases in Croatia. Fusarium species reduce yield quantity and quality including grain contamination with mycotoxins. The aim of our research was to determine incidence of Fusarium sp. on barley and determination of dominant species. In 2009 and 2010 barley grains grown in Croatia on four and five locations, respectively, were infected with Fusarium species. In both years all researched genotypes were infected with different Fusarium sp. Incidence of Fusarium infection varied depending on genotype susceptibility, location and year. In 2009 percentage of infected grains was between 1 (cv. Oliver, location Osijek) and 27 (cv. Sladoran, location Tovarnik). The vegetation period 2010 was favourable for FHB development. Percentage of diseased grains were higher and veried between 4 (cv. Gordon, location Osijek) and 50 (cv. Osk.6.115/1-07, location Nova Gradiska). In both years the most frequent species was Fusarium graminearum followed by F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. poae etc.


The algorithm of autonomous on-orbit self calibrating was studied when the principal point was offset and focal length for camera was changed in this paper.The principal point offset and focal length were estimated on-orbit by the least squares optimal method.The on-orbit self calibrating was designed by Kalman filter while the optimal estimation of the least squares served as measurement.The simulation results showed that the principal point offset and focal length would be calibrated by this algorithm.


The Nordic welfare model has received a lot of positive attention around the world.  High standard of living, small income disparities and substantial social mobility looks like a very attractive p ...


Posters have proven to be effective teaching tools at both the high school and college level, as detailed in numerous JCE papers. With the availability of large format printers in recent years, faculty can prepare custom-made wall hangings for hallways and other areas where students congregate. We have designed a series of posters for the beginning analytical chemistry lab. This ongoing project shows how technology can upgrade a time-tested instructional tool.