Objective To find out the general survey condition of gynecological diseases in Beijing area,understand the morbidity and characteristics of common gynecological diseases,and provide evidences for intervention measures.Methods The results of the general survey of gynecological diseases from 2000 to 2005 in the 18 districts of Beijing were analyzed with statistical methods,statistical analysis on the condition and developing tread of gynecological diseases during the last 6 years.Results The morbidities of gynecological diseases increased obviously during the last 6 years,the most common diseases in the survey are hyperplasia of mammary glands,chronic cervicitis,vaginitis,hysteromyoma,and pelvic inflammatory disease.The morbidities of hyperplasia of mammary glands and hysteromyoma increased evidently; the incidences of breast cancer and cervical cancer showed a tendency to increase year by year.Conclusion The prevention and treatments of hyperplasia of mammary glands and hysteromyoma should be enhanced; and the technique of screening breast cancer and cervical cancer should be improved continuously.


Abstract This paper presents a control scheme based on the concept of synchronization for flight formation of quadrotors. The proposed scheme allows to drive each quadrotor along a desired trajectory synchronizing its motion with respect to the closest pair of quadrotors. Numerical simulations are shown considering that three quadrotors are moving on a plane parallel to the floor, with constant height. Some initial experimental results are also presented.


Smartphone's are increasingly integrated with everyday uses. It utilizes for various activities like e -commerce, social media, a messaging, and a chart and map location application. In current trends, usage of technology is important to avoid fraudulent activities. A mobile application is a computer program designed to run on mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Most such devices are sold with several applications included as pre-installed software. The traditional approach in hotel sales report management is keeping a register for daily sales report. This work aims to substitute the traditional pen and paper method by automating the food-ordering process in restaurant and thus improving the dining experience of the customer. Many owners hire managers for the cash counters to report the daily sales to them in their respective hotels. But, these managers will not give the exact count of sales done per day. They will not give the printed or generated bill to the customer. Instead they will give written bill and cheat both customers and owners. Real investors or owners of the hotel are not aware of these activities. Managers will be making money and owners will be cheated from these fraud managers. This mobile application will provide convenience for the owners and customers where in all the bills will be generated for the customers and sales will be recorded in the database which can be viewed timely by the owner. Without recording the bill to the database the bill manager cannot generate bill to the customer. That is the ordered details are directly sent to owner. By this application owner will be not cheated because he can view the daily sales and also they can improve the food items according to the customer more choice. So to overcome by that issue, we introduce this mobile android application for all hotel owners.


There are so many factors for generating errors of CNC machining. By analyzing the factors affecting accuracy of CNC machining and processing of sources of error,targeted compensatory measures should be put forward in order to control and guarantee the processing precision parts. In practice of CNC machining there is a certain application value and practical significance.


The default mode network (DMN), a set of transmodal cortical regions, has historically been argued to serve the internal functions of brain. The discovery of this network highlighted the brain's intrinsic operations. The DMN generally decreases its activity during tasks and increases its activity during relaxed non-task states. It is important to investigate the nature of the DMN in order to understand the human brain in health and disease. In the current study, we discovered a task-related cortical network we called the Topological Discrimination Network (TDN), which was consistently revealed by contrasting activations from topological discrimination tasks with local geometric discrimination tasks. The TDN and the DMN consist of essentially the same group of brain regions and the fMRI response of topological discrimination in those regions exhibited consistent temporal dynamics with resting state. The robustness of the TDN is supported by multiple experiments performed at different field strengths (3T and 7T MRI scanner) as well as different types of signals measured (BOLD and CBF). The collective results suggest that the process of topological discrimination could almost be considered as a functional "default mode" of our brain. The TDN, like the DMN, could define the functional baseline of brain, with the advantage of functional consistency across participants and experimental sessions.


One of the major goals in microbial ecology is to understand whether the empirical biogeographic patterns of macroorganisms also apply to microorganisms. Here, we used morphological data from live organisms, along with molecular data, to investigate the importance of spatial factors and environmental variables in influencing ciliate composition from floodplain lakes. Our main goal was to use 2 different approaches (morphological and molecular) to compare ciliate diversity and distribution patterns as well as to compare how these methods differ in their ability to detect distribution patterns and the roles of spatial and environmental factors that shape ciliate assemblages in the 4 largest floodplains in Brazil. Planktonic water samples were gathered from 33 lakes associated with 4 different river floodplain systems in Brazil. We analyzed ciliates in vivo and sequenced surface water DNA using a metabarcoding approach with general eukaryotic primers. We showed that the diversity of operational taxonomic units was much higher than that of morphospecies. Regardless of the method of identification, we found a consistent spatial assembly pattern of ciliate assemblages across the 4 floodplain systems. We also found that environmental filters had a stronger association with the morphological than with the molecular site-by-site dissimilarities. Meanwhile, biogeographic factors and the distance among sites limited the distribution of molecular-based composition, resulting in strong differences among the floodplain lakes analyzed. This finding suggests that ecological research and biomonitoring activities should find an equilibrium between morphological and molecular approaches because each approach provides unique insights.


The effect of environment and composition of sediments on the weathering of Mankato till in certain regions in Manitoba was studied. Analyses of the major horizons of ten profiles included mechanical analysis, lithology of coarse sediments, mineral analysis of fine sand, composition of clay fractions, pH values, and chemical analysis. The rate of weathering in sediments of similar initial composition increased from grassland to forest environments. Sediments in a similar environment, but with different quantities of lime carbonate, showed a decrease in weathering with increasing amounts of limestone. There was no significant alteration of the clay fractions, since approximately equal percentages of the predominant mineral types were present in all horizons. Weathering of noncalcareous rocks and minerals (except shale) in till soils occurring in Manitoba was comparatively slight.


The non-volatile memory devices in a vertical channel structure is provided. Non-volatile memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor in the extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction on the principal surface to have, a device area and a connection area defined substrate, a device region extending in the first direction pillars, which is along the sidewall of the semiconductor pillar and the vertical height onto a substrate, a plurality of NAND cell string of a plurality of memory cells are arranged, it constitutes a plurality of memory cells of the plurality of NAND cell strings, extending in a first direction is formed on the plurality of gate lines and the connection area, the connection with a plurality of gate line is connected to the horizontal portion, and a horizontal portion extending in a first direction of the pluralities of conductive including a pillar extending in the second direction and a gate connecting group including a gate connection, a gate connection portion is formed over the horizontal part and the pillar part filled with a supporting insulating layer And a binary aperture.


Rejection remains a major barrier to successful bowel transplantation, in spite of improved immunosuppressive techniques. Therefore, new, more effective, immunosuppressants, with fewer side effects, are needed. Biodegradable microspheres containing tacrolimus (FK506) were used in an experimental porcine small bowel transplantation. Twenty pigs underwent transplantation and were divided into four groups according to the immunosuppressive regimen. Group A (n=5): no immunosuppression; group B (n=6): 0.2 mg/kg per day of FK506; group C (n=3): 1.0 mg/kg per day of FK506; group D (n=6): 0.04 mg/kg per day of FK506 contained in biodegradable microspheres. Rejection was diagnosed macroscopically by endoscopic examination and histologically by biopsy specimen analysis. The mean survival time and standard deviation (SD) were 8.8±3.5, 11.0±1.4, 9.7±2.5 and 28.6±22.5 days for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, with a statistically significant difference found between group D, on the one hand, and groups A, B and C, on the other. The mean trough blood concentration of FK506 was 10.5±2.2, 27.9±6.0 and 10.5±3.5 ng/ml in groups B, C and D, respectively. In groups A and B, all pigs died of rejection, without infection. In group C, all died of infection, without rejection. In contrast, none of the pigs in group D developed rejection or infection. Our results clearly show that the drug delivery system using biodegradable microspheres that contain FK506 is effective for controlling rejection with fewer side effects in the porcine small bowel transplantation.


Abstract A formalism appropriate to the analysis of the electron spin resonance (ESR) lineshape in poor conducting media has been derived by us previously. It has been shown in particular that it should be possible to measure the dielectric constant from ESR in doped semiconducting media. This formalism is applied to the study of the non-metal to metal transition in lithium-ammonia solutions. Agreement between actual and theoretical lineshapes has been found. From the results given in the present paper, solutions of lithium in ammonia at 240 K may be separated into three concentration ranges. Firstly, an 'insulating' range below 1.5 mole per cent of metal (MPM) with evidence of a dielectric anomaly. Secondly, a metallic range above 3 MPM; even when the conductivity is relatively low, the screening is of Thomas-Fermi type and the dielectric effect rapidly becomes negligible. Finally, in the intermediate range, a dramatic decrease of the dielectric constant towards large negative values is observed; this re...


With general arguments it is motivated that we are still in search of a hidden-variables theory or sub-quantum mechanics. Aspects of a solvable model for quantum measurements are discussed, and a solution of the quantum measurement problem within ordinary quantum theory. The related statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics is advocated. Soliton approaches for elementary particles are proposed and some classical looking aspects of the relativistic hydrogen atom are mentioned. The integration of these solitons with stochastic electrodynamics is sketched.


Diamonds occur in Tertiary alluvial stream gravels in the region of Inverell, northern New South Wales, particularly in the areas of Bingara and Copeton. Akin to the occurrence of placer gold, and diamonds, in California, the alluvial gravels were later overlain by basaltic flows thus aiding preservation of the deposits. However, whereas the observation of diamonds in California was more of scientific interest, the diamonds in New South Wales have been actively mined and in excess of 300,000 cts have been recovered since 1881. The primary source of the diamonds is unknown.


As negotiations rumble on around the terms and conditions of the UK leaving the EU, one interesting development has occurred in relation to understanding the implications on UK businesses. Previous debates around the economic impact of Brexit have focused on macro-economic modelling and input-output data, presenting aggregate pictures of the overall effect. More recently, with some further clarity on what leaving is going to look like, there has been increased interest in considering how these agreements affect the operational environment within which firms function. Impacts on big business are still order of the day, driven by headlines of job departures, such as HSBC and Panasonic, or risks, such as JLR or Airbus. Pressure has however increased on politicians to provide some meaningful guidance on what the new environment might mean for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).


Climate change is one of the most challenging situations that the international community faces nowadays, since tackling the problem involves a transnational action coordinating policies between developed and developing countries. Within this framework, the present work will be focused on the role of Brazil and Mexico in negotiations during the Conferences of the Parties held in Kyoto and Copenhagen in 1997 and 2009, respectively. It will be argued that material explanations cannot fully address the behavior of the actors and, therefore, an ideational perspective is needed. It will be asserted that the international status, as a socially constructed position within the international system, is influencing the behavior of the states in multilateral negotiations. In order to perform the present analysis, status will be considered as a twofold concept. On the one hand, the position of the actor vis-à-vis other actors would deal with the level of leadership of the country in global politics. In this regard, leading states are expected to have an active participation in negotiations. On the other, the position vis-à-vis environmental norms and values will determine the level of supportiveness to the adoption of legally binding commitments: environmentally concerned states would favor the emergence of stronger regimes.


Alexia for Braille reading is rarely reported.1–6 A further case is presented in which the clinical features may give some insight into the neurobiological mechanisms.

Neurological consultation was requested 17 days after apparently uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting in a 73-year old right-handed woman who complained that she could no longer read properly. Blind from birth because of anophthalmia, she learned to read Braille at age 7 years using her left index finger, or middle finger if the index finger became "tired" (the right hemisphere may have better discrimination for complex spatial patterns4,7). She was a proficient Braille reader, normally reading 8–10 book chapters per day; however, on initial recovery from the operation, she could not read at all. Matters improved over the following days but her reading was still much slower than preoperatively (1–2 book chapters/day) and she reported making …


Children who require roentgen evaluation of the urinary tract need examination of the entire tract, which is accomplished with a cystourethrogram and an intravenous pyelogram. Cystourethrography yields a higher incidence of pathology than intravenous pyelography, but the procedures are complementary to each other. Intravenous pyelography, which examines the upper urinary tract, includes a large volume dosage of contrast agent, double injection, fluoroscopy, and multiple films during peak excretion, all applied according to the needs of the individual patient. Cystourethrography evaluates the lower urinary tract and utilizes nonirritating contrast agents, fluoroscopy, and sequential spot-films. Retrograde pyelography is indicated only when the collecting system is not visualized by either the intravenous pyelogram or refluxing cystogram. Fluoroscopy and multiple spotfilms assure accuracy in detection and documentation of pathology. Total body opacification is helpful in evaluating abdominal masses of small infants.


The paper focused on the study of extracting edible oil from apple seeds by using complex enzymatic method,with the Qinguan apple seeds as the subject.Based on a single and orthogonal experiment,the optimum conditions were found as follows:the fragmentation degree ≤0.6 mm;the solid/liquid ratio,1∶8;the amount of complex enzymes(fibrinase:acid protease=1∶1,m/m),0.8%;the reaction time,8 h;pH value 4.6;detoxification time,20 min.Under the above conditions the extraction rate was 21.44%.The result shows the complex enzymatic method has many advantages in improving yield and quality compared with the traditional solvent extraction methods,and predictably it will be widely employed in oil-extracting industry.


. 44 45 Rapid diagnostic tests of antibiotic resistance are increasingly being developed that identify the 46 presence or absence of antibiotic resistance genes/loci. However, these approaches usually 47 neglect other sources of predictive information, which could be identified in shorter time periods, 48 including patient epidemiologic risk factors for antibiotic resistance and markers of lineage. 49 Using a dataset of 414 Escherichia coli isolated from separate episodes of bacteremia at a 50 single academic institution in Toronto, Canada between 2010-2015, we compared the potential 51 predictive ability of three approaches (epidemiologic, pathogen sequence type, resistance gene 52 identification) for classifying phenotypic antibiotic resistance to three antibiotics representing 53 classes of broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy (ceftriaxone – 3 rd generation cephalosporins, 54 ciprofloxacin - fluoroquinolones, and gentamicin - aminoglycosides). We used logistic regression 55 models to generate model receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Predictive 56 discrimination was measured using apparent and corrected (bootstrapped) area under the 57 curves (AUCs). Epidemiologic models based on two simple risk factors (prior antibiotic exposure 58 and recent prior Gram-negative susceptibility) provided modest predictive discrimination with 59 AUCs ranging from 0.65 to 0.74. Sequence type demonstrated strong discrimination (AUCs 60 0.83-0.94) across all three antibiotic classes. The addition of epidemiologic risk factors to 61 sequence type significantly improved prediction of resistance for all antibiotics (p<0.05). 62 Resistance gene identification approaches provided the highest degree of discrimination (AUCs 63 0.88-0.99), with no statistically significant benefit of adding the patient epidemiologic predictors. 64 In summary, sequence type, or other lineage-based approaches, could produce excellent 65 discrimination of antibiotic resistance and may be improved by incorporating readily available 66 patient epidemiologic predictors, but are less discriminating than the presence of known 67 resistance loci. 68 71 72 73 74


A novel structure design of micro optic electro mechanical system(MOEMS)gyroscope is presented in this paper.The structure combining surface acoustic wave(SAW)sensor,optical waveguide diffractive component,electro-optical modulator etc.is integrated on a LiNbO3 substrate as the gyroscope for sensing rotating angular velocity,and an optical readout device is added on the traditional SAW typed TE-TM mode converter as the detecting device.The principles of the MOEMS are discussed in the paper,and simulation result shows that there would be apparent advantages of higher precision and stronger anti-vibration capacity.


Role of religious coping styles in
explaining students' mental health

Gh. Ahghar, Ph.D.*

This study aimed to determine the role of religious coping styles (R-COPE) in explaining high school girl students' mental health in Tehran. The sample size using multi-stage random sampling method and according to Cochran formula was 300 people. Two tools were used to data collection: a) Pargament's R-COPE scale contains 14 questions of five options in two styles (positive and negative religious coping style)
b) Goldberg general health questionnaire (GHQ) contains 28 questions of four options in four sub-scales: 1. Physical sign, 2. Anxiety and insomnia, 3. Social insufficient activation, and 4. Severe depression.
Descriptive statistic and inferential statistic (Multivariate regression test, Friedman test) were used to data analysis. Results showed that: a) there is significant difference among students' mental health components. According to mean scores comparison, anxiety and insomnia are in the highest level and physical signs are in the lowest level.
b) Students' mental health can be predicted by scores of religious coping styles. Predictive power of positive religious coping style is more than to negative religious coping style. Thus, religious coping style is effective as a moderating factor in psychiatric disorders (anxiety and insomnia, social insufficient activation, severe depression, and physical signs).
Keywords: religious coping style, mental health.
Contact information: firstname.lastname@example.com


A belt tensioner for tensioning the belt of a belt drive system includes an eccentric adjusting member, a pivot structure eccentrically mounted on the adjusting member for pivoting around the adjusting member, a belt-tensioning pulley mounted to rotate on the pivot structure, a biasing member that resiliently biases the pivot structure in a belt-tightening direction, and a coupling structure. The coupling structure temporarily couples the pivot structure to the adjusting member to pivot with it during a belt installation procedure, and the configuration keeps the coupling structure unloaded except for a limited period of time during the installation procedure such that the coupling structure can be installed and removed easily. The tensioner is rendered operative after the pivot structure is uncoupled from the adjusting member, thus allowing the pivot structure to pivot with respect to the adjusting member.


Breast cancer is a major cause of death among women worldwide. Paradoxically, in breast cancer cells displaying estrogen receptor negative (ERneg) phenotype, estrogen (E2) is still the main determinant of cell proliferation. Unfortunately, ERneg cells do not respond to ER‐targeted therapies, as they lack canonical α‐ and/or β‐estrogen receptors therefore, novel strategies need to be developed to lessen its morbidity. Recent translational research in cancer biology has revealed that the Kv11.1 potassium ion channel (alias hERG) is robustly expressed in cancers of varying histogenesis, including prostate cancer and breast cancer, but not in adjacent non‐neoplastic tissue. It has been shown that blocking Kv11.1 channel activity inhibits proliferation in human breast cancer however; its role in cancer cell proliferation is unknown. In this work we report that in the ERneg human breast cancer cell line SKBr3, E2 stimulates proliferation by modulating Kv11.1 ion channel activity. Our experiments show that the E2‐activated G protein coupled receptor, GPR30, mediates stimulation of the protein kinase PKCα which in turn stimulates Kv11.1 channel activity by phosphorylating S890. Understanding E2‐regulated metabolism of Kv11.1 in ERneg breast cancer cells will provide a compelling opportunity to identify targets for antiproliferative therapy for this deadly form of breast cancer.


ngmar Bergman claims to be a director anxious to live up to the dramatist's intentions. In several interviews during the last thirty years he underlines this and stresses his indebtedness to the author. The text is the very essence of the performance, he states, and the director must always remain loyal to the dramatist's text. I This is Bergman's credo. Does he live up to it when he produces Strindberg's plays? Does he stick to the author's dialogue? And, more importantly, is he true to the Strindbergian message? Out of Strindberg's more than fifty plays Bergman has staged around ten. Four of them seem to be his favourites – Spoksonaten/The Ghost Sonata, Ett dromspel/A Dream Play, Pelikanen/The Pelican and Froken Julie/Miss Julie - as he has staged them more than once. I have chosen to concentrate on one of these plays: The Ghost Sonata. Rather than discuss the whole drama, I shall focus on the end of the play.


Robust systems architecture (SA) and systems engineering (SE) processes are necessary for the development of successful engineering systems. Many notable product failures can be traced to breakdowns in the architectural or systems engineering practices of the design team.


Let W be a finite reflection group and w0 be the longest element in W,then the action of w0 on W by conjugate is an automorphism of W.In this paper,we give the details of this automorphism.In the case of W is the corresponding Weyl group of an affine Weyl group W,we discuss this automorphism on W.


Rusinovite, Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2, was found at two new localities, including Shadil-Khokh volcano, South Ossetia and Bellerberg volcano, Caspar quarry, Germany. At both of these localities, rusinovite occurs in altered carbonate-silicate xenoliths embedded in volcanic rocks. The occurrence of this mineral is connected to specific zones of the xenolith characterized by a defined Ca:Si < 2 ratio. Chemical compositions, as well as the Raman spectra of the investigated rusinovite samples, correspond to the data from the locality of rusinovite holotype—Upper Chegem Caldera, Northern Caucasus, Russia. The most intense bands of the Raman spectra are related to vibrations of (Si2O7) groups. Unit cell parameters of rusinovite from South Ossetia are: a = 3.76330(4) Å, b = 16.9423(3) Å, c = 17.3325(2) Å, V = 1105.10(4) Å3, Z = 2. The performed synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments did not confirm a doubling of c as reported for the synthetic phase, Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2. However, one-dimensional diffuse scattering parallel to b* has been observed. This can be interpreted with an ordered arrangement of Si2O7 groups creating layers with a doubled a parameter. Consequently, the two different displacements of neighbouring layers allow random stacking faults to occur.


This study focuses on the appropriation of Biblical doom saying to the city of Rome in Targum Jonathan. After discussing the phenomenon of anti-Roman utterances within Jewish exegesis, we will examine seven Targum verses that mention Rome. The appearance, modifications and disappearance of references to Rome are shown in Medieval manuscripts representing Targum Jonathan's various textual branches and in early modern printed editions of the Rabbinic Bibles and the Polyglot Bibles. When transmitting such anti-Roman Targum verses, Christian Hebraists faced tension, as will be demonstrated, between loyalty to the Church's capital city and academic integrity, which demanded compliance with the Aramaic consonantal text. We will therefore also show their, at times, creative solutions.


Sultanate of Oman is rich in natural resources and one of the significant natural resources is marine fisheries. Oman has a huge coastal area of 3165 KM which is large in proposition to the population of Oman. Marine fisheries have a significant contribution to the world economy however it is not yielding benefits to the extent as is expected in the Sultanate of Oman. An oil-dependent economy needs to explore other areas where there is a scope for development. The Ministry of Fisheries in the Sultanate of Oman has taken drastic measures to enhance the fisheries sector in the Sultanate of Oman and benefit local fishermen as much as possible. Technology also is playing a vital role in boosting this sector in the Sultanate of Oman. There are several high-end systems in place for monitoring, surveillance, assistance, weather forecasting, and identification of zones. This research study is related to the implementation of Big Data analytics in the fisheries sector. This research study provides comprehensive details about the current infrastructure of the Ministry of Fisheries and proposes a big data analytics system that can assist different stakeholders in numerous ways to reduce running costs, increase production, streamline the value chain, and provide predictive and preemptive capabilities at various levels. This research is an effort to improve the fisheries sector in the Sultanate of Oman by providing critical information access to different stakeholders that are very beneficial and effective for the overall improvement and enhancement of fisheries in the Sultanate of Oman. In addition to providing a mechanism for the implementation of big data analytics in the sultanate of Oman, this research also provides certain recommendations for the adaption of technological aids at various levels for the improvement of fisheries in the Sultanate of Oman.


A dramatic groundswell of enthusiasm for planning has characterized the Euro-American zeitgeist during the mid 20c. To a world shocked by war and uneasy with "inefficiency", "inequality", and "injustice", applied science offered a grand promise: that peace and prosperity could be guaranteed by rationally conceived programmes for social and technical order. Enlightenment gods of Rationality, Liberalism and Socialism won renewed allegiance as a priesthood of experts became institutionalized within both academic and governmental fields. Today the fruits of rational "expertise" have yielded a harvest of mixed blessings. Functional specialization in various sectors of life have begotten enormous gains in technical know-how and a rise in "living standards" scarcely conceivable a generation ago. Concomitantly, however, has come a fragmentation of knowledge and life and a sense that the whole is no more or no less than simply the sum of its component parts. Distinct "parts" become separated (reductionism seems to be an irreversible process) and the implementation of idealistic plans often creates rather than resolves problems and conflicts. A widespread sense of dismemberment in both personal and collective experience is aggravated by the increasing complexity of legal and other constraints surrounding even the most mundane realms of daily life. The desire or hope of exercising much creative discretion over one's life and environment recedes. Few would seriously desire a return to old situations but what has replaced them seems undesirable too: instead of "Humpty Dumpty" we've fashioned a Frankenstein. Cement erodes


One night, Elmer hears the sound of crying. It is baby elephant and he can't sleep because he has lost his teddy. Elmer offers to lend baby elephant his teddy for the night and to search for the lost teddy the next day. Elmer spends the whole of the next day looking for the teddy. His cousin, Wilbur gets involved in the search, and plays a joke on Elmer as usual, but one that helps Elmer find the missing teddy bear! This is an understanding story that everyone who has a teddy bear will relate to.


Decision-makers exploit several channels to acquire up-to-date and reliable information, which they combine with background knowledge to for mulate their decisions. In the last years, such information is increasingly acquired from the Inter net by a conceptually straightforward process that involves: the identification of relevant informatio n sources, the specification of filters that query the sources regularly and return the relevant documents in a local repository, the extraction of the information pieces of interest and the integration of these information pieces with previously accumulated information for subsequent querying or statistical analysis. In this paper, we present a distributed, service-oriented architecture for deci sion making systems based on Web services, and intelligent agents.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the Italian chain Motel Agip from 1954, when it was created, to 1973, when the oil crisis discouraged car tourism. It combines Bourdieu's idea that leisure and food provide cultural capital and constructivist theories where leisure contributes to modernity and to shaping people's identities. The article adopts new archivalist analysis of textual and visual promotional items created or commissioned by ENI and stored in the ENI Historical Archive. Agip motels, in offering relaxation and tranquillity, promised to fight the stress of modern life. At the same time, they perfectly epitomized modernity thanks to their architectural and interior design, in contrast to the subsequent Italian nostalgic approach to leisure and food, which has fought the problems of modern life with old habits and traditions. Thus, among metallic walls, glass doors and new technologies, Agip motels significantly advanced the idea (unusual in Italy) of fighting modernity with modernity.


The invention discloses gentle couperouse-skin-removal facial cleanser and a preparation method thereof. The facial cleanser is prepared from fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium oxide, fatty acid, wool fat, hyaluronic acid, Chinese herb extracts, chamomile essential oil and deionized water; the Chinese herb extracts are prepared from, by weight, 8-10 parts of Yongchun finger citron tea, 15-20 parts of portulaca oleracea, 10-12 parts of aloe, 4-6 parts of winged euonymus twigs, 8-10 parts of tree peony bark, 5-7 parts of savia miltiorrhiza, 3-5 parts of nodus nelumbinis rhizomatis charcoal, 4-6 parts of sambucus chinensis, 6-8 parts of agapetes mannii roots, 2-4 parts of dragon's blood, 4-8 parts of teasel roots, 5-10 parts of walnut kernels and 3-6 parts of juniper berries. The facial cleanser is gentle and non-irritant in composition, facial blood circulation can be effectively improved, sensitivity can be alleviated, the skin can be vitalized, the facial couperose-skin condition can be improved, and induced type couperose skin can be effectively treated and relieved.


The problem of programming computers to produce natural language explanations and other texts on demand is an active research area in artificial intelligence. In the past, research systems designed for this purpose have been limited by the weakness of their linguistic bases, especially their grammars, and their techniques often cannot be transferred to new knowledge domains.

A new text generation system, Penman, is designed to overcome these problems and produce fluent multiparagraph text in English in response to a goal presented to the system. Penman consists of four major modules: a knowledge acquisition module which can perform domain-specific searches for knowledge relevant to a given communication goal; a text planning module which can organize the relevant information, decide what portion to present, and decide how to lead the reader's attention and knowledge through the content; a sentence generation module based on a large systemic grammar of English; and an evaluation and plan-perturbation module which revises text plans based on evaluation of text produced.

Development of Penman has included implementation of the largest systemic grammar of English in a single notation. A new semantic notation has been added to the systemic framework, and the semantics of nearly the entire grammar has been defined. The semantics is designed to be independent of the system's knowledge notation, so that it is usable with widely differing knowledge representations, including both frame-based and predicate-calculus-based approaches.


Throughout history, school has been and will remain the state s primary ideological instrument. This is proven by curricula from our more recent history. In this article we look closely at three chosen curricula for the teaching of history in primary school. They illustrate the basic organisational, thematic and didactic changes that occurred in this field during the period between 1944 and 1963. Using the curricula, we tried to identify the content that was connected with citizenship and the state's goals, as it is the elements of citizenship education in individual school subjects (history in our case) that show the connection between school and the dominant social ideology. Analysis confirmed our basic hypothesis that history curricula reflected the historical period in which they were created and that themes connected with citizenship mirror the prevailing social and political climate.


Immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To understand whether hypertension affects immunity, we studied antigen presenting cells (APCs) isolated from mice with hypertension induced by angiotensin II or L‐NAME. The APCs derived from hypertensive mice were superior in presenting antigens in vitro. To study antigen presentation in vivo, we immunized sham and AngII treated wild type mice with ovalbumin. Consistently, more OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells were induced in the blood and the spleen of hypertensive mice. Moreover, RIP‐mOVA mice were studied because this transgenic mouse line expressing membrane‐bound OVA in pancreatic islet β cells. RIP‐mOVA mice were made hypertensive with either angiotensin II or L‐NAME. When OVA‐specific OT‐I T cells were i.v. infused into RIP‐mOVA mice, the hypertensive mice had more OT‐I cells infiltration into the pancreas and they developed diabetes more rapidly. These data suggest that hypertension itself is associated with over‐activity of the adaptive immune system.


This paper reports the first electronic circuit used to measure the motion of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator in the time domain. The measurement of the shuttle position is made using a capacitance-to-voltage converter IC that has been developed by combining correlated double sampling with delta modulation in a fully differential circuit topology. This oversampling circuit may be adjusted to trade bandwidth (sample rate) for resolution, while reference levels may be adjusted to set the desired sensitivity to accommodate a large range of capacitive sensor interface applications. The IC was fabricated using an inexpensive, 1.5-/spl mu/m, double-metal, double-polysilicon CMOS technology, and test results demonstrate a resolution of 170 aF for a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, a 68-dB dynamic range, and nonlinearity less than 0.16%. The converter IC was used to characterize a comb-drive, SiC lateral MEMS resonator by time-domain measurement of its shuttle-comb capacitance. Resonant frequency was found to be 16.6 kHz, independent of operating pressure, but quality factor varied from 51 at 760-Torr pressure to 6900 at 175 mTorr. The ability to accurately characterize the SiC resonator shows that the packaging approach used in this study is sufficient to interface capacitive-based MEMS devices with Si ICs in cases where on-chip integration is not feasible or possible.


This reference book presents all of humanity's wars, revolutions, coups and rebellions, worldwide and throughout history. It includes all of the world's war leaders and weapons with related developments in science, technology, the arts and medicine. From the slingshot to the atom bomb, from Julius Ceaser to Winston Churchill, from the siege of Troy to the civil war in the former Yugoslavia this is all military history at a glance in an easy to follow format that allows the reader to link and compare events around the world and through history.


Abstract In Québec, legislation regulates the language of public and commercial signage. As intended, this has transformed the linguistic landscape (LL) of Montreal, which looks more French than just three decades ago. But if we stop looking and actually listen to the city's soundscape, what is clear is that Montreal is a much more bilingual and multilingual city with a population increasingly able to read signs both in English and in French. Interestingly, in the Montreal LL can be found a number of commercial signs that are nothing less than wry "bilingual winks" that circumvent legislation, sometimes with quite wicked skill, and play with French and English. These bilingual winks are clearly intended for a population with the language skills to catch the wink and can be interpreted as manifestations of the increasing number of complex language repertoires, but also of a bilingual aesthetic that revels in disrupting and claiming space. It would also seem, however, that while a certain amount of covert bilingual creativity has been inspired by the legal constraints imposed in Québec, bilingual wordplay has simply found ways of creeping into the LL, despite the politics of language and legislation.


The 6066/SiCp composite with various SiCp were prepared by powder metallurgy,the mechanical properties show that,with more SiCp in composite,the strength increase and plasticity decrease.The calculated prime fraction of SiCp according to simulation to composite's deformation is 8.1%,this calculated result is nearly equal to experiment result.


Prophylactic stump treatments against the conifer root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum s.l. should take into account the airborne inoculum density of the pathogen, in order to be economically feasible. Our objective was to test if an automatic volumetric spore trap (AVST) could be used as a sensitive alternative of passive traps for quantifying Heterobasidion airspora in forest stands. The routinely used wood disc exposure method (WDE) was implemented simultaneously with AVST in five coniferous monocultures and three near-natural stands without silvicultural management in Czechia. Air sampling took place for 24-h intervals in five months of the main sporulation period. The atmospheric concentration of H. annosum s.l. spores (cHa) was determined by qPCR with generic and species-specific primers. AVST detected more target species than WDE on 77% of sampling occasions. When comparing the relative abundance of the three European H. annosum s.l. species detected by AVST and WDE, H. parviporum and H. abietinum were found to be overrepresented on wood discs. cHa in November was significantly higher than in May and June, confirming the seasonal pattern typical for temperate Europe. For an accurate and rapid estimation of Heterobasidion primary infection risk, the usage of AVST is highly recommended.


SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) have been used in parallel with SiC MOSFETs as a freewheeling diode in power converter applications because the inherent PN body diode of the MOSFET has relatively high forward voltage drop, considerable reverse recovery current, and suffers from the expansion of stacking faults over the lifetime of the device <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>. However, an additional external diode requires extra space within a multi-chip package or power module, and adds undesirable parasitic inductance to the power loop during commutation events of the power converter. Alternatively, when the unipolar diode structure is integrated within the MOSFET, a significant reduction in wafer area is achieved by sharing active and edge termination areas. Monolithic integration of Schottky or JBS diode in a SiC MOSFET structure (JBSFET) and SiC MOSFET integrating the unipolar internal inverse channel diode were reported earlier <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3"/><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4"/><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>, respectively. However, JBSFET from <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> has higher specific on-resistance due to the larger cell pitch from the portion of JBS diode when compared with standalone MOSFET. For <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>, the fabrication of the proposed MOSFET requires a very thin and heavily doped epitaxial regrowth process, which may result in a complicated process.


With the rapid development of Internet,it has extremely changed the way individuals connected with others and acquired information from their social network.However,the study on how the Internet impacts on people is still in the exploratory stage.The research proposes the concept of Internet embeddedness to explore the mechanism between Internet embeddedness and social capital.It also develops a measurement scale on Internet embeddedness,which consists of three dimensions and eleven measurement issues.By using the sample of 198 questionnaires,the empirical findings show that fit and sacrifice,two dimensions of Internet embeddedness,have positive impact on social capital.


The reflection and transmission of P waves through functionally graded (FG) viscoelastic nanoplates immersed in water are studied in this paper. The affections of the characteristic length scale and gradient parameters are discussed. Combined with the Kelvin-Voigt theory and the couple stress theory, Legendre orthogonal polynomial method (LOPM) are extended. The results gained by LOPM are in good agreement with global matrix method (GMM). The main advantage of LOPM is that the FG viscoelastic micro-structured plate does not need to be divided into the multilayered structure. The results show that critical angles and the resonance frequency of FG viscoelastic nanoplates can be controlled by changing the and gradient coefficient.


dictated by the choice of the research for this purpose. Attempts have been madeto induce callus from a variety of plant specimens. However, callus initiation from the chosen organs with a variety of combinations of the known plant hormones may meet with difficulties, and not all plant species can be manipulated to induce callus as readily as the model systems of tobacco and carrot. In order to overcome this problem, it is desirable to find a new callus-initiating agent which promotes callus induction from various organs of different plants. Amongmicrobial metabolites, a preliminary screening program has been performed to find a new callus-initiating com-


This paper makes a demarcation between the two cultural patterns – the innovative and the non-innovative – by which a culture exists and develops.Innovative cultures,according to this demarcation,intitutionalizationally encourage and protect innovative activities and make use of the products stemmed from these activities,while non-innovative ones do not.Accordingly,the paper defines "innovation",from the perspective of cultural studies,as "creating continuously and making creatively and widely use of knowledge".Thus our construction of innovative culture is to make our culture innovative,or,to change our culture from its non-creative form into creative one,by providing intitutionalizationally all the socio-cultural supports needed in the processes of creating and making use of knowledge.Then,the paper gives an historical analysis on the relation between innovative culture and scientific culture,to show that the maturation of culture of science is an important premise and an indicating sign of the formation of innovative culture.In the last part,the paper discerns differences between Chinese academic tradition and Western academic tradition,analyses the origins of Chinese culture of science,and gives some constructive policy suggestions.


Acute OP intoxication is well known to cause bronchoconstriction and increase airway secretions via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, occupational and environmental exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OP) at levels not expected to significantly inhibit AChE are associated with increased incidence of asthma and other pulmonary diseases. In support of the epidemiological data, acute exposure of adult guinea pigs and rats to OPs at levels that do not inhibit AChE in the lung, blood or brain have been shown to cause airway hyperreactivity (AHR). More recently, epidemiologic studies have suggested that exposure to OPs during development is also associated with increased risk of asthma. To address whether developmental OP exposures are also causally linked to AHR, we measured respiratory physiology in young adult rats exposed to the OP chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg/d (sc) from postnatal days 1–4. Using a Flexivent mechanical ventilator, airway responsiveness to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves was quantified. Preliminary findings suggest that adult female rats exposed developmentally to CPF exhibit significantly decreased airway resistance and elastance in response to electrical vagal stimulation relative to vehicle controls. In contrast, male rats exposed developmentally to CPF did not exhibit any changes in airway resistance and elastance in response to electrical vagal stimulation relative to vehicle controls. These results suggest that early life exposure to CPF triggers atypical expansion of the large and small conducting airways in the lungs of female, but not male rats. These findings will significantly advance our understanding of the role of OPs in respiratory diseases, and ultimately, inform risk assessments used to protect human health and safety. The United States Environmental Protection Agency currently uses acetylcholinesterase inhibition as a biomarker of OP toxicity; however, OPs modulate lung function at levels significantly lower than those that inhibit AChE. The findings of this research could potentially provide a scientifically rational basis for reassessment of exposure limits for OPs as well as help direct future research on therapeutic agents for treating/respiratory disorders in OP‐exposed children and adolescents.


(2) lEtiologY.-Rocha.-Lima is opposed to the view of English and French writers that the louse remains a carrier of the typhus virus for twelve days only, and from experiinents which he has conducted he is convinced that once affected a louse remains so throughout its life. , ' ,Mueller and Orizio have shown by experiI;nent that typhus may be transmitted by the fmces alone of infected lice. During recent experiments both,these ,observers accidentally pricked their fingers with the needle' of the syringe containing the emulsion of fmces. "Seventeen days later Mueller developed a typical attack of typhus, but Orizio who had the disease a. year previously escaped." ,


The aim of this study was to demonstrate the differences and similarities in the behavior of two common species of grazing herbivores (cattle and horses) and to verify whether the behavior of animals reared in conditions similar to the natural habitat affects to change their behavior and promotes the occurrence of behaviors typical of free-living ancestors. Behavioral observations of 500 cows and 40 horses were carried out for fourteen days. To obtain knowledge about the mode of living of individuals and create etogram and develop data on the circadian rhythm both stocks observations madesent in two different times of day. The studies indicate a pattern replicating the daily behavior of both stocks. Animals despite species differences did not show aggression towards each other, tolerate their presence. Domesticated animals-cattle and horses, well adapted the conditions in which the existence of their free-living ancestors. Maintaining the green areas such as landscape parks, national parks and their buffer zones can be a very positive element in shaping the ecosystem.


Based on the theory of forward engineering design, this paper deals with modelling the outer surface of moulded bra cup by using the methods of body measurement, data analysis and 3D modelling. In the study, thirty female college students who are 18-24 years old, born and grew up in the northwestern part of China were measured. On the basis of these body measurement data, the features of the human body, the relationship between the basic features of the breast form and the major detail size were analyzed. This is so that the relevant parameters of the chest which is used to describe the perfect female breast shape can be quantified. At the same time, these quantitative parameters were used in the modelling of the outer surface of moulded bra cup to obtain the bra cup which can correct, modify and beautify the breast shape. It has been demonstrated that the theory of forward engineering design is reasonable and possible to be implemented in the design of moulded bra cup, and in the 3D modelling of the outer surface of moulded bra cup the methods of line-face and face-face should be combined together to make the process of 3D modeling more effective.


The utility model relates to an automatic detection device for a thin injection molded part, which comprises a frame, a cylinder and a detection assembly. The thin injection molded part is arranged at the lower part of the frame. The cylinder is arranged at the upper part of the frame. The detection assembly comprises a detecting head, a signal plate and a sensor. The detecting head is connected with the cylinder. The signal plate is arranged on the detecting head. The sensor is fixed on the frame. The detecting head is driven by the cylinder to move downwards and abut against the thin injection molded part. The signal plate is moved along with the detecting head. The sensor outputs a detection signal through detecting the position of the signal plate. Compared with the prior art, the automatic detection device has the advantages of wide application range, high efficiency, low cost and the like.


High-efficiency terahertz (THz) emission and detection are of great interest because of their promising applications in high-speed communications, biomedicine, and imaging. A previous study has achieved efficient room-temperature THz emission at ∼360 GHz by green-light exciting the lattice symmetric stretching vibrations of ZnO nanoplates self-assembled into ZnO microspheres (MSs). Herein, we explore resonant THz radiation of this kind of ZnO MSs under around 360 GHz excitation. A Fabry–Perot resonant cavity is designed and used to obtain the resonant THz signal. Compared to the case without the ZnO MSs, the THz output powers are enhanced by 1.5 and 3.2 times under two excitations of 356.1 and 375.8 GHz with an input power of 6.5 mW, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that when a wide frequency THz wave irradiates on the ZnO MSs in the cavity, the output THz signal strength shows an obvious variation with frequency and can thus be utilized to detect the presence of some THz waves with specific frequencies. This work indicates that such self-assembled MSs can not only radiate the enhanced THz waves via a resonator, but also effectively apperceive some specific THz signals as a detector.


Recombinant human factor VII (rh-FVII) is produced by engineered BHK cells at low dose. Accordingly, establishment of a precise method is crucial to reliably measuring expression level of this protein during manufacturing pro-cesses. We developed and established a reproducible sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measuring amount of FVII during biopharmaceutical in upstream and downstream processes of Aryo-Seven. A sandwich ELISA was designed using two different high affinity mon-oclonal antibodies (mAb1 and mAb2) against h-FVII. The bounded FVII to the first antibody was revealed by the use of a second mouse anti-FVII monoclo-nal antibody (1F1-B11), labeled with HRP that binds to another antigenic determinant of the FVII. Then, validation was done by determination of spec-ificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, detection and quantifica-tion limit and robustness according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. In developed ELISA, no interference was found between FVII and proteins derived from BHK which commonly exist in the supernatant. Linear range of detection was from 25-1.56 ng/mL with P-Value <0.001. In accuracy, spiked samples showed 109±2% recovery. Intra and intermediate precision assays showed %RSD not more than20. Detection limit of this assay was 0.99 ng /mL and limit of quantification was 2.99 ng/ml. The sandwich ELISA was found to be useful tool for measuring FVII/ FVIIa. The ELISA approach was precise, repro-ducible, and accurate. The ELISA therefore, is offered as an assured kit for detection of recombinant human factor.


Today, there is a data workload that needs to be managed efficiently. There are many ways for the management and scheduling of processes, which can impact the performance and quality of the product and highly available, scalable web hosting can be a complex and expensive proposition. Traditional web architectures don't offer reliability. So in this work a Scrum Console is being designed for managing a process which will be hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS) [2] which provides a reliable, scalable, highly available and high performance infrastructure web application. The Scrum Console Platform facilitates the collaboration of various members of a team to manage projects together. The Scrum Console Platform has been developed using JSP, Hibernate & Oracle 12c Enterprise Edition Database. The Platform is deployed as a web application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk which automates the deployment, management and monitoring of the application while relying on the underlying AWS resources such EC2, S3, RDS, CloudWatch, autoscaling, etc.


The paper aims at examining the levels of social cohesion and socio-economic dysfunctionality in former State Agricultural Farms (post-PGR) areas and at assessing the possibilities for initiating bottom-up actions, and for participating in the creation of mechanisms for local development. Data used in the study was obtained in multimethods approach, i.e. mainly during a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and observation concerning the financial situation and the social environment (social problems and cohesion), that is, the elements predicted to be the key factors obstructing effective corrective actions within local development. We have demonstrated that post-PGR areas should be treated as especially problematic not only because of their economic dysfunctionality, but mainly because of the complex social problems they experience (lack of local ties, hostility, aggression between neighbors). Such a difficult environment requires substantial interference which should take into account the problems specific to the population. The threat resulting from the heterogeneity of such communities should be a significant factor shaping the perception of local development problems. (Less)


During a career spanning over 50 years, Dr. Frank Netter (1906–1991) created more than 4,000 medical illustrations. Hiswork helped us advance in our comprehension of human anatomy more than any other medical illustrator, since Vesalius inthe sixteenth century


At a fundamental level, the role of tertiary education is increasingly being questioned, revealing deep uncertainty about its broader purpose and value. The authors of this volume suggest that the impetus for a rethinking of many of the traditional features of the tertiary education system in Australia is already present, with concerns for, among other things, the transparency of information for prospective students, student retention and outcomes under the demand-driven policy settings, the lack of research-industry engagement, and the overall value of tertiary education to the economy and society. The volume begins with a broad-brush overview of the current tertiary sector and the issues it is facing. The chapters then offer ideas for transforming Australian tertiary education. Each is grounded in current issues or trends but goes beyond present thinking to propose ways in which policy and practice might make major advances. The volume has been purposefully framed around tertiary education, rather than higher education, since a key decision for policy makers is how best to resolve current funding and regulatory anomalies created by the inefficiencies and complexities of the current system architecture.


Abstract A method is presented by which sections of soil profiles are preserved through the use of liquid casein glue. The method may be used in most soils encountered by the archaeologist, and requires only materials frequently to be found in the archaeological field camp.


— This paper discusses the performance comparison of various state-of-the-art 1-bit full adder (FA) cells. All these FA cells have been derived using static CMOS and its constituent logic styles such as pass transistor logic (PTL), transmission gate logic (TGL). The design of the state-of-the-art 1-bit FA cells is carried out using Cadences' generic 180 nm based process design kit (GPDK). The performance of the FA cells is compared and analyzed in terms of design metrics (DMs) such as power, delay, power-delay-product (PDP), and area in terms of transistor count (TC). From the comparison results, for 1.8 V supply voltage and operating frequency 100 MHz, the average power consumption of Double-Pass Transistor Logic (DPL) based 1-bit FA is (143.1 µW) was found to be extremely low with moderately low delay (133.4 pS) and low PDP (19.08fJ). Further the FAs are analyzed in terms of DMs under variable load and power supply conditions.


This article concentrates its study to the history of struggle of Prophet Muhammad peace be up on him in Mecca and Madina, strategy of struggle of the prophet, and success keys of prophet leadership. Untill now days, every student of Islamic history remained interested in studying history of the Prophet Muhammad peace be up on him because his very fast success in Islamic mission and propaganda. Only in 23 years, Prophet Muhamamd peace be up on him is able to establish Medinan state, not religion state nor Arabic state. The phenomenon of greatness and success of Prophet Muhammad was admitted not only by his followers, but also by his opponents. Therefore, it is significant to study this historical phenomenon to find methods, precise strategies to gain success in Islamic mission and propaganda in now days and also to unearth and discover success keys of Prophet Muhammad leadership to apply them in this modern era. By understanding and imitating an example from the Prophet Muhammad, it is hoped that Islamic figures and leaders who is able to follow the characters of Muhammad leadership will be born.


Group theory is an important branch of mathematics. It has important applications in many disciplines, such as in physics, chemistry and quantum mechanics. The aim of this document is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the basic knowledge of group theory. Specifically, firstly, the concepts and properties of different types of groups, subgroups and the definition of coset are introduced, which will be used in the next section. Besides, several examples including groups, finite groups, infinite groups, subgroups and abelian groups are listed. Then, a discussion of the two simple theorems and some lemmas will be showed so that readers can be familiar with the properties of groups. This discussion will deepen the understanding of maximal subgroups. This paper investigates the basic definitions and theorems of group theory. In the future, more researchers can pay attention to group theory and the application of group theory in more areas.


The invention discloses dedicated submerged-arc welding flux for a petroleum pipeline, which comprises welding flux and adhesive, wherein the welding flux comprises the following materials by weight percent: 15 to 20 percent of fluoride compound, 24 to 32 percent of aluminum sesquioxide compound, 12 to 26 percent of basic oxide compound, 0.1 to 1 percent of silicon dioxide, 0.1 to 1 percent of barium titanate, 26 to 33 percent of manganese mineral powder, 5 to 10 percent of ferromanganese, 0.1 to 4 percent of metallic nickel, 5 to 12 percent of ferrosilicon and 0.1 to 5 percent of ferroboron. Through addition of various trace alloying elements, the low-temperature impact ductility of the dedicated submerged-arc welding flux can be improved remarkably; as various fluorides capable of reducing the contents of hazardous elements such as sulfur, phosphorus and hydrogen are added, the comprehensive performance of a weld joint is improved; and as the contents of manganese and silicone are higher, the requirements on welding with larger parameters can be met, manganese and silicone which are lost through burning during a welding process can be effectively supplemented, and the mechanical property of the weld joint is guaranteed.


The present study was the third NZ Workplace Violence Survey. The sample of 86 organisations for the 2012 New Zealand Workplace Violence Survey was drawn from the OHS professionals who subscribe to the New Zealand Safeguard Forum. Overall, some 510 incidents of workplace violence were reported with 299 of these being physical assaults. More than one-half of all participating organisations reported some form of violence event over the 12-months period. Although workplace violence is often represented as being about co-worker aggression, respondents perceived patients and customers/clients as important sources of violence. Interpersonal and environmental factors were reported as being the most important risk factors for violence. Behaviour was the dimension that most organisations believed they had most control over in terms of their violence prevention strategies.


We propose a compact (5μm×40μm) 2×2 electro-optic switch implemented by dual silicon photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) cavities. A switching power of 2.6 fJ/bit is numerically demonstrated. Extinction ratios of 14.2/13.4 dB are achieved at through/drop ports.


Some time ago I gave a lecture entitled ""a concept of relevance"" to the students of the Ghana Library School, in which I tried to isolate some of the professional problems that face librarians here, and by extension all countries going through similar stages of development.


In this paper, we prove that every PP is an AGW-PP. We also extend the result of Wan and Lidl to other permutation polynomials over finite fields and determine their group structure. Moreover, we provide a new general method to find the compositional inverses of all PPs, some new PPs and their compositional inverses are given.


From the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Stereotact ic surgery has been used for the treatment of movement disorders at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Inst i tute since 1961. More than 2,000 patients have undergone surgical treatment; most of these had parkinsonism. To study further patients undergoing stereotactic surgery, we are using electrophysiologic testing techniques. These include somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), movement-related brain potentials (MRBPs), microelectrode depth recordings, and stereoelectroencephalograms produced by using chronic electrode implants before, during, and after surgery. We found t h a t SSEPs were abnormal in most parkinsonian and torticollis patients and in all of t he cerebral palsy patients studied. In the latter group, the SSEP abnormality was bilateral. Asymmetry in the degree of abnormality may serve as a prognostic indicator of the efficacy of stereotactic surgery. The results of stereostactic ventrolateral thalamotomy i n cerebral palsy pat ients without significant asymmetry, for example, were worse t h a n in pat ients with noticeable asymmetry. Among parkinsonian patients, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the character of the SSEP abnormality and the patient's age. Surgery that corrected muscle tone and alleviated tremor did not fully normalize SSEP in most patients. MRBPs were studied in patients with disturbed motor function, such as hypertonus or tremor due to parkinsonism. Changes in these potentials were also studied after stereotactic surgery was performed to correct motor dysfunction. When duration of muscle contraction decreased, the amplitude increased and the time of the bereitschafts potential was reduced. Successful surgical outcome was manifested by decreased tonus and inhibition of tremor in patients with parkinsonism, with a tendency toward normalization of MRBP. With muscle relaxation, the time needed to reach the maximum postmovement component was reduced. Restoration of some components of the motor response and, in some cases, of the MRBP occurred on the 14th to 16th postoperative day. No clearly defined changes in motor-associated potentials were observed that were characteristic of different forms of parkinsonism. These data may be used as objective criteria to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment. Microelectrode recordings were carried out during 175 stereotactic operations on the lateral and rostra1 thalamic nuclei, the head of the caudate nucleus, the lateral part of the globus pallidus, and the mesencephalic Cajal's nucleus. Spontaneous and evoked unitary spike activity was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes (1 to 5 mm at the tip) using different functional tests. Electroencephalograms, electromyograms, and electro-oculograms were recorded simultaneously, along with the spike discharges of deep recordings. Quantitative analysis of spontaneous and evoked unitary spike activities confirms a high functional specialization of different thalamic and mesencephalic cell complexes, and helps to define their role in the pathophysiology of movement disorders-especially in parkinsonism and torticollis. The use of microelectrode recordings during and after stereotactic surgery is helpful not only in localizing the precise regions to be destroyed, but also i n elucidating the pathologic mechanisms of parkinsonism and other movement disorders.


The synthesis of n butyl propionate using TiSiW 12 O 40 /TiO 2 as catalyst has been studied.The optimum conditions are:molar ratio of propanoic acid to n butanol is 1∶1.3,the quantity of catalyst is equal to 1.5% feed stock,the reaction temperature is 116~128℃,and the reaction time is 1.0 h.TiSiW 12 O 40 /TiO 2 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing n butyl propionate and its yield can reach over 71%.


Thalassaemia is an inherited condition affecting the blood. This is a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells, which leads to anemia. Most of the medications used to treat thalassemia are aimed at trying to get rid of the excess iron that accumulates with the years of chronic transfusions. In a recent study, researchers in Greece found that intensive treatment with two chelator medications together was able to normalize the iron load in thalassemia patients and prevent or reverse complications due to iron overload from transfusions, including cardiac and endocrine problems. One of the chelator medications used in the study, deferiprone, is not yet approved by the FDA. It is a fatal disease that can be managed by regular and proper retaining the healthy haemoglobin in the body by medications and blood transfusion.


Objective To evaluate the effect of a new zirconia primer on bond strength between resin composite and zirconia ceramics.Methods 32 zirconia ceramics blocks were manufactured and randomly divided into 4 groups.They received different ways of surface treatment.Group A: alumina sandblasting;group B: sandblasting followed by silica coating via sol-gel process combined with applying silane couple agent;group C: sandblasting followed by applying a ceramic primer containing 10-MDP monomer;group D: sandblasting followed by applying a new zirconia experimental primer.32 light-cured composite resin cylinders were prepared and bonded on the zirconia ceramics discs using a conventional Bis-GMA based resin cement.After bath in water for 24 h,shear bond strength(SBS) and modes of failure were determined.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) were used for characterization of zirconia treated with the primers,and FTIR was used for characterization of the primers.Results Group A presented the lowest SBS values,while group D presented the highest SBS values.Conclusions Use of the new zirconia experimental primer increases the short-time bond strength of zirconia.


The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway is thought to play an important role in the actions of neurotrophins. A small molecule inhibitor of the upstream kinase activator of MAP kinase, MAP kinase kinase (MEK) was examined for its effect on the cellular action of nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. PD98059 selectively blocks the activity of MEK, inhibiting both the phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinases in vitro. Pretreatment of PC-12 cells with the compound completely blocked the 4-fold increase in MAP kinase activity produced by NGF. Half-maximal inhibition was observed at 2 μM PD98059, with maximal effects at 10-100 μM. The tyrosine phosphorylation of immunoprecipitated MAP kinase was also completely blocked by the compound. In contrast, the compound was without effect on NGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the pp140 receptor or its substrate Shc and did not block NGF-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase. However, PD98059completely blocked NGF-induced neurite formation in these cells without altering cell viability. These data indicate that the MAP kinase pathway is absolutely required for NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in PC-12 cells.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject high purity compound, an intermediate for the synthesis of many effective substances, simply and economically in a high yield by a method in which pyrazole, as a raw material, is converted into its alkali metal salt, which is reacted with a diacyl peroxide. CONSTITUTION: A raw material of pyrazole of formula I (wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are each H, an alkyl, halogen, or aryl; or substituent R 1 and R 2 , or R 2 and R 3 are combined with C to which these groups are bonded to form a 5-6C aromatic or non-aromatic ring) is reacted with an alkali metal hydride or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate at 0-50°C in an inactive solvent to obtain a metal salt of formula II Me⊕ is an alkali metal cation). Next, the salt is reacted with a diacyl peroxide at 0-60°C, preferably 5-20°C to obtain the objective compound of formula III. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Abstract Dithiocarbimates. Sulfonamides, X-Ray. Sulfones By reaction of the sulfonamides C6H5-SO2-NH2 and p-Cl-C6H4-SO2-NH2 with CS2 in the presence of bases the corresponding dithiocarbimates have been obtained in form of their potassium salts and characterized by means of X-ray structural analysis. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P21/a with a = 29.778(3), b - 6.202(1). c = 7.169(1) Å and β = 90.33(2)° for K2[S2C = N-SO2-C6H5] · 2H2O and a = 31.517(3). b = 7.189(1), c -6.196(1) Å and β = 90.10(1)° for the Cl-substituted species, respectively. A relation between both crystal structures becomes obvious when for K2[S2C = N-SO2-C6H4-Cl] · 2H2O the first space group setting is choosen; i.e. P 1 1 21/a. The dithiocarbimates are built up of two planar moieties. One plane contains the S2C = N-SO framework of each anion while a second plane consists of the S-C6H5 group and the S-C6H4-Cl group, respectively. The two planes are oriented nearly perpendicular to each other and give rise to conjugation involving the SO2 groups in the different systems.


In this paper, we investigate set Input to State Stability (set-ISS) in the context of multi-agent systems, specifically when agent interaction is spatial in nature. We review the definition of Input-to-State (ISS) Lyapunov functions with respect to sets, from which we provide a structural formulation of set-ISS that accommodates the local and per-agent nature of interacting systems. We argue that such a non-global characterization of set-ISS results in intuitive studies of multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances, resulting in superior understanding of collective and asymptotic behaviors. For the validation of our propositions, we consider a decentralized control law to reach swarm aggregation towards a bounded region of space. We demonstrate that our set-ISS structure, coupled with the requirement of physical occupancy in spatial interaction, connects with the classical notions of set-ISS, and yields both a fundamentally simplified analysis and superior insight into agent behavior compared to previous work.


The capacity region for the discrete memoryless broadcast channel p(y,z!x) for which I(X;Y) t I(X;Z) for all input distributions is shown to be the set of all triples such that (Ro,R1,R2) Ro + R1 + R2 5 I(X;Y) Ro + Rl + R2 5 I(X;YIU) + I(U;Z) R o + R2 5 I(U;Z) . Addition of feedback from both y and z to x is shown not to enlarge the capacity of the degraded broadcast channel, the Gaussian degraded broadcast channel and the deterministic broadcast channel.


On the basis of analyzing the factors affecting the performance of high strength light-weight aggregate concrete,researching its structural performance by lab test,light-weight concrete materials with high property can be produced by controlling the ratio of water to cement,the rate of sand and mineral admixture.This material,which has high intensity,high resistance to fracture,small modulus and good liquidity,can not only meet the mechanical properties of bridge deck pavement,but also greatly reduces the load-carrying ability of the bridge deck pavement layer, increasing the bearing capacity of the bridge.


Numerical study of two-dimensional supersonic turbulent free shear layer is performed. The system of Fa-vre-Averaged Naveir-Stokes equations for multispecies flow is solved using ENO scheme of third-order in accuracy. The k-e two-equation turbulence models with compressibility correction are applied to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. In order to produce the roll-up and pairing of vortex rings, an unsteady boundary condition is applied at the inlet plane. At the outflow, the non-reflecting boundary condition is taken. The obtained results are compared with available experimental data.


Reading is the most important thing in all academic disciplines. The objective of this research is to identify factors of causing the students' difficulties in reading scientific articles by English department students. This research is a qualitative research. The research was conducted in December 21th 2019. The subject of the research was fifth semester students. The technique of collecting the data is interview. The technique of analyzing the data using Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion and verification. The result of the research shows that there are most difficulties students faced when reading scientific articles is dominant in language aspect such as lack of vocabulary, found unfamiliar words, and scientific words with advanced grammar. Comprehension task is another factor causing the students' difficulties. When reading scientific articles, students just guess the meaning and they found misinterpret. Another factor was topic and genre students found that some journals or articles they read contain bored topic


Fluorosis is endemic throughout the East African Rift valley, including parts of Tanzania. The aim of the study was to identify all cases of deforming juvenile skeletal fluorosis (JSF) in a northern Tanzanian village and to document the extent of dental fluorosis (DF).


The home range use and habitat selection of four providing male Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus) were studied by using radio telemetry, and simultaneously recording prey deliveries by a video camera positioned inside the nest box of each nest. The camera allowed prey identification and made it possible to assign prey deliveries to locations in the field, i.e, the last observation fix before a delivery. 100% MCP home ranges averaged 219.4 ha, whereas 95% kernel home ranges had a mean size of 310 ha, and decreased with increasing proportion of high productivity areas in the home range. Owls did not shift hunting areas from one night to the next, but rather changed it gradually over time. Habitat selection was estimated by calculating the distance from each observation fix (N=458) and from each random plot (N=480) to the nearest patch of each habitat class, and testing for differences using logistic regression. The owls showed a particularly strong selection for hunting in forest age class I (clear-cuts and plantations), which is the primary habitat of their main prey, Microtus voles. They hunted closer to areas of medium and high productivity, and farther from areas of low productivity and impediment than expected by random. This may be related to abundance and availability of prey animals which select areas of dense vegetative cover. Bogs did not seem to be selected, but due to the low proportion in two of the nests, the results were inconclusive. Male owls both hunted and captured prey closer to the nest than expected by random. Additionally, prey captures were located closer to high productivity and farther from areas of impediment than expected by random. Shrews were captured closer to areas of high productivity than expected by random, which is in accordance with other findings that suggest that the density of shrews increases with productivity. Shrews seemed to be excluded from certain habitats by Microtus voles because captures of shrews were located farther from forest age class I than captures of Microtus voles. Although the profitability of transporting prey items back to the nest in theory is related to prey size and distance from the nest, the larger Microtus voles were not transported to the nest from longer distances than the smaller shrews. An owl returned to the area where it captured the last prey more often than expected by random. Thus, the owls utilized a win-stay strategy. The present study is the first to combine radio tracking and video monitoring to determine habitat specific prey capture in Tengmalm's owl and highlight the importance of habitat productivity for hunting owls.


Lucilia was thirteen years old the first time she was sold for sex. After being physically and sexually abused at home and chancing that life on the streets could not be worse than life at home, Lucilia ran away. Ultimately, however, the streets dished up more of the same abuse and Lucilia was soon gang-raped at a party. Little did she know, but the man who intervened during her rape and promised to protect her from the rapists, her knight in shining armor, would quickly turn her back out onto the streets and sell her for sex. The United States is patently aware of the devastating tragedy of sexual slavery. Federal laws have been enacted to provide protection to sexually exploited youth when they are brought into the United States from abroad. Unfortunately for Lucilia, she was not from Russia or Thailand; Lucilia was from New York. As a result, when she was discovered prostituting


Abstract It is remarkable that the long gamma-ray bursts, as objects connected with the supernovae - i.e. with the end of the massive stars, trace the star formation rate. This connection is discussed in this contribution. The presentation is in essence a recapitulation of the article Mészáros A. et al. A&A, 2006, 455, 785.


A cDNAlibrary fromrabbit kidney cortex wasscreened forexpression ofNa-dependent transport of phosphate (P.) using Xenopus laevis oocytes asanexpression system. A single clone waseventually isolated (designated NaPi-1) that stimulated expression ofNa/P1 cotransport -700- fold compared tototal mRNA.Thepredicted sequence ofthe Na/P1cotransporter consists of465aminoacids (relative molecular mass, 51,797); hydropathy profile predictions sug- gest six(possibly eight) membrane-spanning segments. Invitro translation ofNaPi-1/complementary RNAinthepresence of pancreatic microsomes indicated NaPi-1 tobeaglycosylated protein; fourpotential N-glycosylation sites arepresent inthe aminoacid sequence. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the presence ofNaPi-1/mRNA inkidney cortex andliver; no hybridization signal wasobtained withmRNA fromother tissues (including small intestine). Kinetic analysis ofNa/P1 cotransport expressed byNaPi-1/complementary RNAdem- onstrated characteristics (sodium interaction) similar tothose observed incortical apical membranes. Thealignment of5


The invention discloses a nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-molecular materials. The nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion comprises polyether polyol or polyester polyol, isocyanate, micromolecular chain extender, nonionic hydrophilic chain extender, hydrophilic chain extender, 0.6-1 weight portions of cross-linking agent, lower boiling point solvent, catalyst, amine neutralizer, amine chain extender, 0.4-2 weight portions of aqueous wetting agent, and aqueous levelling agent. The preparation method is characterized in that: prepolymerization, polymerization, emulsification, distillation, compounding are carried out to prepare the nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion, then the aqueous wetting agent and aqueous levelling agent are added with stirring to obtain an aqueous nonionic polyurethane glass fibre impregnating compound. The prepared nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion disclosed herein has the advantages of good stability, long stable phase, wide application scope, high strength, wear resistance, good elasticity, yellow stain resistance, aging resistance, solvent resistance, low temperature resistance, tortuosity resistance, good penetration, compatibility, good interface chemical combination or chemisorption and other excellent performances.


The objective of the present investigation is focused on the anticancer activity of the ethanolic crude extract of Moringa concanensis leaf and bark against HepG2 cell line. The study was facilitated by collecting the plant sample and subjected to ethanol crude extraction. The anticancer activity of the crude extracted sample against HepG2 cell line was examined by MTT assay. The study confirms that the leaf crude extract of M. concanensis has pronounced anticancer potential against HepG2 cell lines while compared to that of the bark extract. The plant investigated possesses remarkable anticancer activity and hence isolation of the compound contributing to the activity may lead to develop at a novel and natural phytomedicine for the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i4.20481


Ba2Zn2Fe28O46(Zn2X),Ba2Co2Fe28O46(Co2X),Ba4Zn2Fe36O60(Zn2U),Ba4Co2Fe36O60(Co2U) ferrites were prepared by citrate sol-gel process using ferric citrate?BaCO3?Co(NO3)2?Zn(NO3)2 and citrate acid as raw materials; Xray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to obtain detailed information on the crystallography of the ferrite powders. The complex dielectric constant and complex permeability dispersion were investigated in 1MHz~6GHz ranges. It was showed that very obvious resonance phenomena due to natural resonance were observed in μ″ spectrum for almost all samples. 


Objective To explore the activation of brain regions in healthy volunteers during spatial working memory task using fMRI technique.Methods Ten right-handed healthy volunteers participated in a test of spatial working memory task and the fMRI data were recorded.A control task was performed for the block-design.SPM 99 was used to analyze the data and obtain the activated brain regions.Results Both cortex and subcortical structures were activated.The brain cortex areas including the bilateral parietal lobes(BA7/40),the bilateral frontal lobes(BA6/9/47),and the bilateral occipitotemporal lobes(BA19/37) were activated during the task.The subcortical structures including the right caudate,left thalamus and left substania nigra were activated during the task.The bilateral cerebellums were also prominently activated(P0.001).Conclusions In human brain,the information of spatial working memory is manipulated by the collaborative activity among the subcortical structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum as well as cortex of the cerebrum.


The article analyzes the trend of deterioration of the investment climate in Russia, which manifests itself in the low growth rates of the Russian economy, a decrease in the flow of foreign direct investment in the country, and a constant outflow of capital abroad. The aim of the study was to analyze the systemic causes of this phenomenon. In the course of solving the posed problem, the key factors of reducing the investment attractiveness of the Russian economy were determined by the state's tight monetary policy, tax rates, high regulatory burden on business, intensity and unpredictability of changes in the regulatory framework, and low efficiency of the judicial system. On the example of a special state investment policy pursued in the Far Eastern Federal District, the positive impact on the investment climate of measures to reduce the effects of these factors was shown. The above recommendations can be used by authorities to improve the investment conditions of enterprises at the local, regional and federal levels.


Ultrafast dynamics of surface electromagnetic waves in Aluminum film perforated with subwavelength hole array is studied using pump-probe correlation spectroscopy. The measured transient spectra point to the important role of dissipation in the extraordinary transmission. Article not available.


The ELETTRA/SLS transverse multi-bunch feedback is a bunch-by-bunch system using state-of-the-art DSPs (digital signal processors) for the processing of the position data coming from all of the 432/4.80 2ns-spaced bunches. While a number of DSPs execute the feedback algorithms, the rest of them are dedicated to the real-time analysis of all the sampled bunch positions stored in up to 96 Mbytes of memory allowing time and frequency domain analysis with unprecedented depth and resolution. In addition to the advantages of feedback digital filtering, such as flexibility and reproducibility, this novel integrated mixing of functionalities opens the way to the implementation of a number of features that enhance system operability and the quality of the beam.


Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in atherosclerosis. B vitamins (B6, B12, and folate) are important contributing factors to vascular homeostasis. Deficiencies in these B vitamins induce cardiovascular diseases by altering vascular homeostasis. Folate plays important roles in nitric oxide homeostasis in the endothelium. To determine the dose-dependent effect of dietary folate on atherosclerosis, we studied aortic relaxation and hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, a total of 54 male C57BL/6, 8-wk old mice were split into 2 dietary groups (control and Western style diet). Each diet group was divided into 3 subgroups according to dietary folate dosage (0.2, 2, and 8 mg/kg). After 18 months, the relaxation response seen in aortic rings from mice fed 0.2 or 2 mg folate/kg in both diet groups. However, the aortic relaxation response was not seen and no differences were observed in mice fed 8mg folate/kg in either diet group (p<0.05). Hepatic CRP levels at all folate dosages (0.2, 2, 8 mg folate/kg) were higher in the groups fed a Western style diet than in mice fed a control diet (p=0.035). CRP levels were lower in mice fed 0.2 mg folate/kg than in mice fed 2 or 8 mg folate/kg in both diet groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that in C57BL/6 mice 0.2 mg folate/kg may be enough to prevent atherosclerosis by inducing the relaxation responses of the aorta and by reducing levels of hepatic CRP, regardless of dietary style.


Discretionary fiscal policies have arisen because o f dominant Keynesian economic policies from 1930's to 1970's. Public exp enditures intensively and excessively increased in order to ensure macroecono mic stability during this period. Many countries faced the emergence of macro economic problems such as affectively using public resources, budget deficit and inflation. As a result, Keynesian economic policies and the stagnation expe rienced in following high inflation years have faced economies with stagflati on process in the 1970's. However, Keynesian approach did not solve the probl em. Therefore, new economic approaches developed for solving the probl em. One of the new economic approaches was Constitutional Economic The ory. The theory includes economic policy rules including fiscal rules as wel l as monetary rules. Fiscal rules have been one of the main stabilizatio n tools in obtaining budget and public finance balance. Many countries have impleme nted specific fiscal policy rules to struggle with economic instabilities, budg et deficits and public financial imbalances. A specific form of fiscal policy rule has been star ted to implement in Turkey since 1999. Several fiscal policy rules have been adopted in Turkey's public financial management system as part of the economic program w hich was conducted with the collaboration of IMF since 1999. These rules ar e called as implicit fiscal policy rules. These fiscal rules have become a draf t legal text in 2010 as "Fiscal Rule Draft Law". Although the fiscal rule was plann ed to start the application


The High Efficiency WLANs (HEW) Task Group (TG) has been developing since 2014 the IEEE 802.11ax amendment, the 6 generation of wireless local area networks (WLANs). One major novel feature of IEEE 802.11ax standard is the specification of uplink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (UL MUMIMO) techniques to cope with the increase of UL data/video traffic from small-form devices in ultra-dense networks. In this paper, we first show that the UL MU-MIMO physical layer performance can be dramatically impaired due to the asynchronous reception over the uplink channel. Next, we propose and evaluate the performance of a time advance mechanism designed for IEEE 802.11ax WLANs that mitigates adequately the performance loss due to asynchronous UL MU-MIMO channels. Keywords—802.11ax; Uplink Multi-User MIMO; Synchronization.


The integration of new-generation information technologies such as AI and 5G into education provide strong technical support for private colleges and universities to implement teaching reforms and achieve the goals of smart education. The new generation of information technologies such as AI and 5G play an important role in empowering the construction of smart learning spaces, and play a very important role in the development of private higher education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Therefore, the construction of AI+5G empowered smart learning space should be based on the learning concept of the smart era, with smart education as the goal, and the teaching effectiveness of smart learning space to achieve effective improvement of teaching quality. To promote the agglomeration and development of private higher education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.


Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: End-stage ankle arthritis is commonly seen in combination with various forms of ligamentous instability. Correction of the ankle arthritis and meticulous ligament balancing is key to a successful outcome after a total ankle replacement. In particular, with varus or multidirectional instability, ligament repair or reconstruction can be performed with a combination of suture and/or suture anchors if there is adequate biologic tissue remaining for repair. To date there has been no study to report on the isolated use of suture tape to correct residual intraoperative lateral ankle instability and talar tilt after total ankle replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes after this combined surgical procedure. Methods: This was a single institution, retrospective study involving 36 patients that underwent a primary total ankle arthroplasty surgery in combination with a lateral ankle ligament reconstruction using a suture tape construct (InternalBraceTM, Arthrex, Naples, FL). Retrospective review of prospectively collected information from patient charts of three foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeons were evaluated at preoperative, 6-months, 1-year and 2-years postoperative for various demographics as well as VAS pain and FAAM scores. Postoperative complications including revision surgery, hardware failure, or persistent instability were also recorded. In addition, preoperative radiographs were compared to 1-year and final follow up (mean, 26 months; range, 13-90 months) radiographs for correction of the coronal deformity. Analysis involved a 1-way repeated Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P values are adjusted using the Bonferroni multiple testing correction method. Assumptions for normality were checked through normal quantile-quantile (QQ) plots. Results: At two years postoperative, VAS pain (p<0.001) and FAAM functional scores (p<0.001) were significantly improved from preoperative. Additionally, both VAS pain (p=0.026, p-0.043) and FAAM scores (p=0.00142, p<0.001) significantly improved at each time point (6-months, 1-year) compared to preoperative. On weight bearing mortise view radiographs, the mean preoperative talar tilt angle was 11.9 (range, 1.4-25.7) degrees of varus. At 1-year and 2-years postoperative the mean talar tilt angles were significantly improved from preoperative at 1.1 and 0.7 degrees, respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001)). The correction was significantly improved and maintained at final follow up of at least 2 years. There were no significant differences between 1-year and 2-year talar tilt measurements (p=1.00). There were three complications requiring revision surgery. Two were for component loosening and the third was for a deep infection. Conclusion: Combined ankle arthritis and instability can be a challenging problem for foot and ankle surgeons. This study demonstrated that the use of suture tape to reconstruct the lateral ankle ligament complex after total ankle replacement provides and maintains adequate correction of any residual coronal deformity at a final follow up of at least two years.