Functional limitations on feeding ability were investigated in the mollusc-crushing Caribbean hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus (Labridae). Two constraints were proposed to limit the maximum size prey L. maximus can eat: pharyngeal jaw gape and crushing force. These factors yield diflferent quantitative expectations for the relationship between fish size and maximum prey size. Their relative importance for predation on a frequently consumed gastropod (Cerithium litteratum) was investigated in laboratory performance tests designed to determine the largest snails fish could eat. Cerithium predation was found to be force limited rather than gape limited. The importance of this functional constraint in determining the largest Cerithium consumed by wild fish was examined by comparing hogfish feeding capability, as determined by the performance tests, to the maximum size snails found in the stomach contents of field-collected fish. Crushing ability appears to limit Cerithium predation in natural fish populations. The utility of performance testing for determining the functional and ecological importance of morphology is discussed.


Background Cognition of kinematics of body movement during balance loss, fall and collision with the ground in various circumstances is a basic condition of both expanding our knowledge of these phenomena and optimizing effective prevention of falls and collisions with the ground and vertical obstacles. The aim of the study is to determine whether a substantial difference in age of men training combat sports results in differentiation of body balance during professional, externally forced fall to the side. Material & Methods: Two men have been subjected to the study: 65-years-old scientist (A), who has been training judo and other combat sports for over than fifty years and is professionally involved in teaching people how to fall down safe ly; 24-years-old physiotherapist (B), who trains judo as an amateur, have completed specialist course on safe falling and used those exercises in his kinesitherapy practice (including patients with psychological disorders). The analysis of kinematics of body movement during forced fall has been performed by an assistant. Tested person was trotting in place on the hard ground and each ankle joint was wrapped with a separate judo belt (obi). The assistant was knocking each joint out of balance by pulling one of the belts. Tested person was not aware in which direction (right or left side) he would be knocked out by the force causing the fall. The anal ysis included four falls to the left side. Measurements have been performed with the use of MVN Biomech system (XSENS) based on inertial sensors equipped with accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetic field sensor. Results: Most falls of both subjects are similar in terms of duration and trajectory angle of the mass centre. The be ginning of lowering mass centre occurs later in person B. At the end of the performance of the fall person A causes a slight flattening of the trajectory of the mass centre which may indicate that such preparation of the body and movement of its parts is to slightly decrease the vertical speed of mass centre before contact with the ground. Person B finishes the fall with setting the torso angle of around zero degrees relative to the ground (therefore, directly after collision with the ground it is relatively motionless). After reaching zero degrees, the torso angle of person A passes to negative values (–25°), indicating performance of rolling the trunk. Such behaviour allows for additional dispersal of energy reducing thereby the force of body impact on the ground. Conclusions: The retirement age does not necessarily involve a deterioration of ability to control the body during unintend ed fall and collision with the ground. On the contrary, suitable training results in the fact that such person can optimally protect his body in such circumstances and function more effectively in comparison with consider ably younger people. Obtained results are, moreover, an empirical proof of methodological correctness of safe falls modelled on techniques used in judo (ukemi waza).


ABSTRACT To assess their utility for antifungal susceptibility testing in our clinical laboratory, the Etest and Sensititre methods were compared with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method. Fluconazole (FL), itraconazole (I), voriconazole (V), posaconazole (P), flucytosine (FC), caspofungin (C), and amphotericin B (A) were tested with 212 Candida isolates. Reference MICs were determined after 48 h of incubation, and Etest and Sensititre MICs were determined after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. Overall, excellent essential agreement (EA) between the reference and test methods was observed for Etest (95%) and Sensititre (91%). Etest showed an ≥92% EA for MICs for all drugs tested; Sensititre showed a ≥92% EA for MICs for I, FC, A, and C but 82% for FL and 85% for V. The overall categorical agreement (CA) was 90% for Etest and 88% for Sensititre; minor errors accounted for the majority of all categorical errors for both systems. Categorical agreement was lowest for Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis with both test systems. Etest and Sensititre provided better CA at 24 h compared to 48 h for C. glabrata; however, CA for C. glabrata was <80% for FL with both test systems despite MIC determination at 24 h. Agreement between technologists for both methods was ≥98% for each agent against all organisms tested. Overall, Etest and Sensititre methods compared favorably with the CLSI reference method for determining the susceptibility of Candida. However, further evaluation of their performance for determining the MICs of azoles, particularly for C. glabrata, is warranted.


The complementary substances of an active serum were supposed to be extremely labile bodies, but their stability has never been tested chemically. In this study, the action of various acids, alkalies and salts upon complements has been examined. The list of chemicals used is as follows: ACIDS — hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, formic, acetic, propionic, lactic, butyric, oxybutyric, oxalic, tartaric, citric, fumaric, maleinic, citraconic, itaconic, glycerophosphoric, uric and nucleic; ALKALIES — ammonium hydrate, sodium hydrate, magnesium hydrate, calcium hydrate and barium hydrate; SALTS — sodium carbonate; magnesium sulphate, phosphate, acetate and carbonate; calcium sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, oxalate and carbonate; barium sulphate, phosphate and carbonate. Urea was also included. It was found that all acids and alkalies are able to inactivate complements when used in sufficient concentrations. With monobasic acids it takes about 1 c.c. of n/40 solution to inactivate 1 c.c. of active serum. About 1 c.c. of n/50 solution of the acid is, as a rule, neutralized by the inherent alkalinity of the serum. With alkalies 0.3 c.c. (ammonium hydrate 0.8 c.c.) is sufficient for inactivation. The acids and alkalies are, when used without serum, hemolytic in the quantities stated. But when mixed with the serum they — serum and chemicals — lose their activity mutually. Alkaline salts of strong acids are not anti-complementary unless a certain limit of concentration is exceeded. Sodium carbonate is anti-complementary in a relative, but not in an absolute sense. All other salts employed are strongly anti-complementary, the magnesium salts being the least inhibiting. Calcium and barium salts of strong acids are absolute anti-complements, while the carbonates of these elements may or may not be active upon complements.


Significance Spatial patterns are a prominent and interesting feature of both biological and physical systems. We have discovered that mammalian mitotic chromosomes, which comprise two closely associated sister chromatids, exhibit two interesting spatial patterns. In one pattern, the structural axis of each chromatid acquires sequential partial helices of alternating handedness. In the other, an array of evenly spaced bridges links these two axes. Development of any spatial pattern requires communication within the system. We present a constellation of observations suggesting that these patterns are related and are promoted by a mechanical mechanism in which the communication required for development of patterns arises from redistribution of mechanical stress. Models involving bonded chromatin/axis bilayers and Kirchhoff–Love theory for elastic rods are discussed. Spatial patterns are ubiquitous in both physical and biological systems. We have recently discovered that mitotic chromosomes sequentially acquire two interesting morphological patterns along their structural axes [L. Chu et al., Mol. Cell, 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.002 (2020)]. First, axes of closely conjoined sister chromosomes acquire regular undulations comprising nearly planar arrays of sequential half-helices of similar size and alternating handedness, accompanied by periodic kinks. This pattern, which persists through all later stages, provides a case of the geometric form known as a "perversion." Next, as sister chromosomes become distinct parallel units, their individual axes become linked by bridges, which are themselves miniature axes. These bridges are dramatically evenly spaced. Together, these effects comprise a unique instance of spatial patterning in a subcellular biological system. We present evidence that axis undulations and bridge arrays arise by a single continuous mechanically promoted progression, driven by stress within the chromosome axes. We further suggest that, after sister individualization, this same stress also promotes chromosome compaction by rendering the axes susceptible to the requisite molecular remodeling. Thus, by this scenario, the continuous presence of mechanical stress within the chromosome axes could potentially underlie the entire morphogenetic chromosomal program. Direct analogies with meiotic chromosomes suggest that the same effects could underlie interactions between homologous chromosomes as required for gametogenesis. Possible mechanical bases for generation of axis stress and resultant deformations are discussed. Together, these findings provide a perspective on the macroscopic changes of organized chromosomes.


We tackle the problem of providing rigorous formal foundations to current software engineering technologies for web services, and especially to WS-BPEL, one of the most used XML-based standard languages for web services. We focus on a subset of WS-BPEL sufficiently expressive to model the interactions among web service instances in a network context. We present this language as a process calculus-like formalism, that we call ws-calculus, for which we define an operational semantics. A pair of illustrative examples illustrates ws-calculus peculiarities and show its expressiveness. Finally, we extend the ws-calculus to define an operational semantics for a more complete set of WS-BPEL functionalities.


The invention of fresh raw eggs, fresh eggs to the quality and physical properties while maintaining the sterilization salmonella, avian influenza virus and other sikjungdokgyun can prolong quality guarantee period, to prevent secondary contamination that may occur during the distribution of relates to the sterilization and packaging method for long-term preservation, the method comprising: sterilizing the eggs in the wash water secheok eseo 50 ~ 55 ℃ for 20 to 25 minutes (step 1); The step of heat sterilization at 56 ~ 58 ℃ the three sterilized eggs to be sterilized for 30 to 35 minutes (step 2); Further comprising: a multiple the number of the sterilizing and drying of the heat-sterilized eggs (step 3); In the method comprising for 20 to 30 minutes with a sterilizing gas to the interior of the dried egg (step 4); The step of vacuum degassing of the sterilization gas is injected eggs (5); Quality of the sterilization below 58 ℃ using; (advanced oxidation process AOP) sterilization raw eggs; and the vacuum substituting a deaerated egg coating or gas comprising: packaging (step 6) made, the altitude oxidation treatment include the during the while maintaining the physical properties it can be fully sterilized salmonella, avian flu germs and harmful bacteria, which causes and effects that can extend the quality shelf life, distribution of sterile eggs by a cuticle coating or modified atmosphere packaging there is an effect that it is possible to prevent secondary pollution.


The soft pear Qinghai Guide specialty as raw material,using glycosylated low temperature fermentation to produce alcohol concentration of 5%~8%of the wine,made of soft pear vinegar and then by repeated fermentation.In soft pear juice by adding pectinase,amylase and glucoamylase by enzymatic treatment,to solve the soft pear juice,pectin is not conducive to the fermentation and low utilization rate of raw materials problem,adding flavoring yeast and lactic acid bacteria fermentation,increased the ester soft pear vinegar and no volatile acid content,which makes soft pear fruit vinegar flavor,and has the unique soft pear incense,incense and fruit fat.


Large-scale parallel numerical simulations are essential for a wide range of engineering problems that involve complex, coupled physical processes interacting across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. The data structures involved in such simulations (meshes, sparse matrices, etc.) are frequently represented as graphs, and these graphs must be optimally partitioned across the available computational resources in order for the underlying calculations to scale efficiently. Partitions which minimize the number of graph edges that are cut (edge-cuts) while simultaneously maintaining a balance in the amount of work (i.e. graph nodes) assigned to each processor core are desirable, and the performance of most existing partitioning software begins to degrade in this metric for partitions with more than than $O(10^3)$ processor cores. In this work, we consider a general-purpose hierarchical partitioner which takes into account the existence of multiple processor cores and shared memory in a compute node while partitioning a graph into an arbitrary number of subgraphs. We demonstrate that our algorithms significantly improve the preconditioning efficiency and overall performance of realistic numerical simulations running on up to 32,768 processor cores with nearly $10^9$ unknowns.


Plant kingdom serves the best source of remedy for all sorts of problems of the human body. Microbial species that are found in almost every habitat present in nature accounts for about 60% of the Earth's total biomass. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has stated that more than 80% of the people in the world rely upon traditional medicines for their primary treatment. On that note Achyranthes aspera commonly called as chaff flower has got immense therapeutic values. Each and every part of the plant, most importantly it's seeds, roots and shoots possess great medicinal values. Achyranthes aspera belongs to the family Amaranthaceae . The Plant is a stiff erect annual herb. Achyranthes aspera has been used as a folk medicine in Australia, India and Kenya It is useful in treating cough, renal dropsy, fistula, scrofula, skin rash, nasal infection, chronic malaria, impotence, fever, asthma, piles and snake bites. Their stem parts can be used as an emmenagogue, anti arthritic, laxative, ecbolic, abentifacien, anti helminthic, antiviral, anti plasmodic, anti hypertensive, anti coagulant, diuretic and anti tumor agent. The ash from the burnt plant can be mixed with mustard oil and a pinch of salt and the tooth powder obtained is useful in cleaning teeth, treating pyorrhea and tooth ache. Their roots can also be powdered and used as a tooth powder and the roots itself were used as brushes. In India and Terai of Nepal, the juice of the plant is applied to relieve toothache. The stem of the plant was also used as a toothbrush after removing the thorns. The infusion of the twig is also used as a wash for tooth pain. Their usage in dentistry is remarkable as it has got good anti-cariogenic properties and anti inflammatory properties which has been discussed in detail in the current review article.


ABSTRACT Patients and many physicians believe that modern blood glucose meters provide reliable results under all circumstances. The aim of this (mini-)review is to critically review a number of aspects that should be taken into account for successful self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Usage and practical knowledge of patients about the optimal knowledge of SMBG appear to be lower than one expects. A number of factors like coding and calibration have an impact on the reliability of the measurement. Unfortunately, we have no standard procedure to evaluate the quality of the glucose measurement by the meters. In practice, SMBG is more than simply the glucose measurement; it involves many steps that also have a critical impact on the final outcome. We will also highlight that the digital number provided at the end of this diagnostics procedure is of no help per se; it requires a translation in an adequate therapeutic action. Most of the aspects mentioned have not gained thorough scientific interest in ...


The use of amine mixtures employing methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), monoethanolamine (MEA), and diethanolamine (DEA) have been investigated for a variety of cases using a process simulation program called TSWEET . The results show that, at high pressures, amine mixtures have little or no advantage in the cases studied. As the pressure is lowered, it becomes more difficult for MDEA to meet residual gas requirements and mixtures can usually improve plant performance.


The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of an increase of consumption on the part of the "leisure class" on the level of employment in a Veblenian theoretical perspective. It will be shown that an exogenous increase in the income of the leisure class determines an increase in the demand for luxury goods and hence an increase in the demand for labour in that sector. Consequently employment in the sector producing wage goods declines, as does the production of wage goods. Firms as a whole have fewer wage goods for the payment of workers and, since the unitary wage is fixed at the subsistence level, this produces a reduction in the demand for labour in both sectors. Therefore, the higher the rent/wage ratio, the higher the unemployment. It is called here "'social waste related unemployment rate".


Breastfeeding is a normal process following childbirth. However, post partum mothers often complain several problems during breastfeeding. A problem that is often complained of by post partum mothers is the lack of breast milk supply. The lack of breast milk production will interfere
 with the process of breastfeeding, which is one of the causing factors as to why certain mothers do not exclusively breastfeed. To find out the effect of breast care and oxytocin massage on increasing milk production in post partum mothers. This research uses a quasi-experimental design. The
 population in this study were all primiparous post partum mothers with lactation period of 0-7 days. A total of 20 mothers participated in this study and was divided into two groups namely the treatment group and the comparison group. The samples were obtained using purposive sampling. There
 are independent variables (breast care and oxytocin massage) and dependent variables (milk production). Data collection was performed using a questionnaire, then analyzed using the test Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Results of breast milk production
 of (p = 0.003) in the treatment group, while in the comparison group the breast milk production was (p = 0.014). The Mann Whitney Test results show that p = 0.004. It can be concluded that breast care and oxytocin massage effectively increase the milk production of post
 partum mothers. The therapy is recommended for health professionals to apply breast care and oxytocin massage to increase the milk production of post partum mothers who have less milk production. Combination of breast care and oxytocin massage have more effective benefits in increasing the
 breast milk production of postpartum mothers.


The growing need for adobe bricks as a substitute for lead to an increase in demand for cement as brick-forming material that needs to be done to reduce their use of innovation, one using glass powder. The initial idea of thinking that the chemical elements that exist on the glass some of which are the same as in the cement, the silica (SiO2). This study uses a glass powder as a substitute against the weight of cement. Glass powder used consisted of two types of glass powder passes sieve No. 100 retained on the 200 mesh (BSKo100-o200) and glass powder escaped sieve No. 200 (BSK <o200) with six kinds of mixed composition of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Analysis of the data by using the provisions of SNI 03-0349-1989. The results showed the entire BSK qualify for the water absorption of solid concrete brick quality I by SNI 03-0349-1989. Visual examination showed BSK surfaces have angled, flat, and free from cracks. BSK0% compressive strength of 95,289kg / cm2 and the compressive strength is highest in BSK <o200_20% of 91,422kg / cm2 and the quality I belong to the SNI 03-0349-1989. Tensile strength BSK0% of 16,268kg / cm2 and the tensile strength is highest on-o200 BSKo100 percentage of 15% of 19,464kg / cm2. Overall it is known that BSK <o200 persentse 20% is the percentage of the nicest to be applied next.


Bangladesh is committed to the peaceful use of atomic energy and has signed all protocols and additional protocol of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in this regards. Bangladesh is operating nuclear facilities using radioisotopes, sealed radioactive sources (SRS) and generating radioactive wastes including spent SRS. This paper mainly focuses on the safe management of spent SRS generated from various applications in medicine and industry. The main research facility is situated at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar located 45 km south-west of the capital city Dhaka, where a 3MW TRIGA Mark-II Research Reactor, Radioisotope Production Laboratories, a 14 MeV neutron generator and an 18,500 TBq Co irradiator form the core of the peaceful nuclear activities. There are 17 nuclear medicine centers/departments, 10 industrial radiotherapy facilities, 2 gamma irradiator facilities, one linear accelerator, one Van de Graff generator, 3 high dose radiation (HDR) and 2 low dose radiation (LDR) brachytherapy units in the country. These are used for a variety of purposes in research, medicine, industry and other fields. All these activities give rise to significant amount of liquid, solid and mixed radioactive wastes including SRS. Proper management of spent SRS requires an established radioactive waste management infrastructure and in particular, a facility designed for the specific purpose of conditioning and subsequently interim storage of spent sealed sources. Such a facility did not exist in our country for a long time, especially for those where radionuclide are used in hospital's or research institutes. Recently a semi-pilot-scale centralized radioactive waste processing and storage facility (CWPSF) has been established at AERE. In establishing the facility IAEA Ref. design recommended for developing countries [1], has been followed. This facility has been established through a joint effort of the country's annual development program (ADP) and the IAEA TC Project (BGD/4/022). This facility is now being utilized for safe collection, handling of low-and intermediate-level solid and liquid radioactive wastes, safe interim-storage of the wastes (non-conditioned and conditioned), sorting/segregation of solid wastes, processing (pre-treatment, treatment, conditioning) and interim-storage of the conditioned wastes. The facility comprises several machines/equipments such as Sorting box, In-drum cement mixer, Compactor, IonExchange-cum-ultra filtration unit etc. This facility is intended to serve as a semi-pilot scale infra-structure for safe pre-disposal management of RWs including SRS, that are arising and expected to be generated in the future from the nuclear applications in the country.


Purpose: To report the clinicopathological correlation of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) of the conjunctiva in a patient with a history of myelofibrosis. Methods: Case report. Results: Elevated pink conjunctival lesions developed bilaterally in a 73-year-old man who had been treated for myelofibrosis for 13 years. EMH was detected in the examination of tissue from the lesion of the inferior fornix of the right eye. Conclusions: The appearance of conjunctival lesions in a patient with myelofibrosis may indicate underlying pathology of EMH that may necessitate a change in systemic treatment of this condition.


An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Agronomy Department of the State University of Maringa (UEM), using the techniques of diagnosis through subtraction. Mineral nutrition in macro and micronutrients for Mombaca grass, cultivated in a soil originated from Caiua sandstone was analyzed. The soil was collected in a 0-20 cm layer in the northwest of the state of Parana, Brazil. A cut in the aerial part of plants at 59 days after Mombaca grass planting was performed and the obtained weight of dry matter was determined: weight of leaf fresh dry matter (PMSFF), weight of stem fresh dry matter (PMSFC), weight of root fresh dry matter (PMSFR), weight of aerial parts fresh dry matter (PMSPA) and leaf/thatch (F/C) rate. The number of affiliates (NP) was determined. The results showed that the soil was unable to furnish the nutritional requirements of Mombaca grass in N, P, K and micro, and it was able in terms of S. These data indicate the need of other experiments that may determine the amount and the better source of any nutrient that will stimulate a positive response to Mombaca grass


Conditional logics are a key issue of logical reasoning dealing with the questionable interpretation of conditional sentences in classical logics. We studied in a previous paper the impact of propositional quantification on conditional logic. We extend this work in this paper by proposing a soundness-completeness proof for such a quantified conditional logic.


An algorithm has been specified for the hardware implementation of the numerical solution of the electromagnetic fields of an arbitrary current source. The algorithm solves for the magnetic (H) and electric (E) fields, as well as the vector potential (A) of a finite length arbitrary current source. A mid-point summation technique was employed and tested by simulation. The simulation was accomplished with a singlez-directed dipole,10 \lambdalong, for the test antenna. Numerical solutions utilizing uniform and triangular envelope current distributions were compared with the far-field solution for the test antenna at ranges of 250 and500 \lambda. The number of sub-elements simulated in the mid-point summation were 50, 100, and 500. When 500 subelements were used the difference between the numerical and far-field solutions decreased to less than 1 percent for 95 percent of the observation points. The greatest differences between the numerical and far-field solutions occurred in the null regions of the radiation pattern. The algorithm is inherently symmetric with respect to the cartesian coordinate system and, as such, lends itself to highly parallel and concurrent computational techniques. This property of the algorithm makes it an excellent candidate for implementation by a Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) class processor. Investigation of a parallel, highly concurrent architectural implementation has yielded preliminary results that computational savings of 5 orders of magnitude is attainable.


Purpose. The main aim of the present study was to explore how offenders define bullying and how this relates to school-based definitions, with a subsidiary aim of exploring age differences.

Methods. The sample was selected from two separate prisons in the UK housing male offenders (one adult prison and one housing both young and juvenile offenders) and consisted of 322 offenders (127 adults, 95 young offenders and 100 juveniles). Offenders were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their perceptions of bullying, including an assessment of what types of behaviours made up bullying based on the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC©: Ireland, 1999).

Results. Differences were found between school-based definitions and those applied by offenders. In particular, offenders reported that a single act of aggression could be considered bullying and that there was not always an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Victims were often seen to provoke bullies. Bullies were not always respected by their peers and one-quarter of offenders felt that the term 'bullying' was a 'childish' one. Offenders reported a range of discrete aggressive behaviours, both direct and indirect in nature, which could be considered to be bullying. Indirect behaviours were reported as bullying less frequently than direct behaviours.

Conclusions. The study demonstrated how school-based definitions of bullying do not readily apply to offenders and the findings are discussed in relation to the specific population and environment under study.


<abstract>

For entire heat transfer practitioners from the last ten years, heat transmission performance in cooling and heating applications has become foremost concern. Hence, research towards innovative heat transference fluids is enormously powerful and stimulating. This study examines flow and thermal management in axisymmetric magneto hydrodynamic Polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a swirling cylinder. Flow and heat transfer is analyzed and compared for PEG+ <italic>Cu</italic>2<italic>O</italic> + <italic>MgO</italic> and PEG+Graphene+ <italic>Cu</italic> + <italic>Ag</italic> hybrid nanofluid flow. Shooting technique (R-K 4th order) is applied to work out the flow equations numerically. Simulated results are demonstrated via graphs. The computational results are validated with the published research work and found a modest concurrence. The foremost outcome of this investigation is found to be the axial, swirl and radial velocities in hybrid nanofluid are observed to decay with improvement in Reynolds number, nanofluid volume fraction and magnetic parameter. Platelet shaped nanoparticle colloidal suspension exhibit more decaying axial, swirl and radial velocity compared to spherical shaped nanoparticle colloidal suspension. It is detected that heat transmission rate is higher in <italic>PEG</italic> + <italic>Cu</italic>2<italic>O</italic> + <italic>MgO</italic> Hybrid nanofluid compared with <italic>PEG</italic> + <italic>Graphene</italic> + <italic>Cu</italic> + <italic>Ag</italic> Hybrid nanofluid. For cooling purpose one can adopt PEG+<italic>Cu</italic>2<italic>O</italic> + <italic>MgO</italic> hybrid nanofluid.

 </abstract>


Image Analysis I.- Coherence-Enhancing Shock Filters.- Spherical Decision Surfaces Using Conformal Modelling.- Median Filtering of Tensor-Valued Images.- Edge and Junction Detection with an Improved Structure Tensor.- Invited Paper.- Who's Who? Challenges in Biometric Authentication.- Image Analysis II.- Optimal Scale Selection for Circular Edge Extraction.- Localization of Piled Boxes by Means of the Hough Transform.- Image Analysis III.- Training and Recognition of Complex Scenes Using a Holistic Statistical Model.- Combining White-Patch Retinex and the Gray World Assumption to Achieve Color Constancy for Multiple Illuminants.- Postersession I.- Method of Creating of Functional Invariants under One-Parameter Geometric Image Transformations.- Gaze Detection System by Wide and Auto Pan/Tilt Narrow View Camera.- Distribution Distance Measures Applied to 3-D Object Recognition - A Case Study.- Classification with Controlled Robustness in High-Resolution SAR Data.- 3D Reconstruction of Human Skeleton from Single Images or Monocular Video Sequences.- Shape Preservation during Digitization: Tight Bounds Based on the Morphing Distance.- Evaluation of Uniform and Non-uniform Optical Flow Techniques Using Finite Element Methods.- Colour Image Analysis in 3D-Polar Coordinates.- Pixel Classification by Divergence-Based Integration of Multiple Texture Methods and Its Application to Fabric Defect Detection.- A Probabilistic Definition of Intrinsic Dimensionality for Images.- Learning Human-Like Opponent Behavior for Interactive Computer Games.- Rotationally Invariant Wavelet Shrinkage.- Hierarchical Method for Stereophotogrammetric Multi-object-position Measurement.- On Robust Regression in Photogrammetric Point Clouds.- A Visual Quality Inspection System Based on a Hierarchical 3D Pose Estimation Algorithm.- Using an Active Shape Structural Model for Biometric Sketch Recognition.- Domain Decomposition for Parallel Variational Optical Flow Computation.- Fuzzy Modeling Based Recognition of Multi-font Numerals.- System Concept for Image Sequence Classification in Laser Welding.- 3D Parametric Intensity Models for the Localization of Different Types of 3D Anatomical Point Landmarks in Tomographic Images.- Comparing Clustering Methods for Database Categorization in Image Retrieval.- Locally Optimized RANSAC.- Invited Paper.- Splines and Wavelets: New Perspectives for Pattern Recognition.- Calibration and 3-D Shape.- Robust Camera Calibration from Images and Rotation Data.- FFT-Based Disparity Estimation for Stereo Image Coding.- Projective Reconstruction of Surfaces of Revolution.- Illumination Insensitive Template Matching with Hyperplanes.- Robust Orientation, Calibration, and Disparity Estimation of Image Triplets.- Recognition.- Fast Feature Selection in an HMM-Based Multiple Classifier System for Handwriting Recognition.- Empirical Analysis of Detection Cascades of Boosted Classifiers for Rapid Object Detection.- Local Representations for Multi-object Recognition.- Motion.- A Generative Model Based Approach to Motion Segmentation.- A New View at Differential and Tensor-Based Motion Estimation Schemes.- Real-Time Texture-Based 3-D Tracking.- Postersession II.- Hierarchy of Partitions with Dual Graph Contraction.- One-Class Classification with Subgaussians.- A Hybrid Distance Map Based and Morphologic Thinning Algorithm.- A Computational Model of Early Auditory-Visual Integration.- On the Relevance of Global Knowledge for Correlation-Based Seismic Image Interpretation.- Automatic Pixel Selection for Optimizing Facial Expression Recognition Using Eigenfaces.- Robust Image Sequence Mosaicing.- Gibbs Probability Distributions for Stereo Reconstruction.- Partial Optimal Labeling Search for a NP-Hard Subclass of (max,+) Problems.- Extraction of Orientation from Floor Structure for Odometry Correction in Mobile Robotics.- On Consistent Discrimination between Directed and Diffuse Outdoor Illumination.- Genetic Algorithm-Based Video Segmentation with Adaptive Population Size.- Component Fusion for Face Detection in the Presence of Heteroscedastic Noise.- Block Matching Integrating Intensity, Hue, and Range.- Geometric Segmentation and Object Recognition in Unordered and Incomplete Point Cloud.- Real-Time Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards.- Real-Time System for Counting the Number of Passing People Using a Single Camera.- Multiple Classifier Systems for the Recognition of Orthoptera Songs.- A Region Based Seed Detection for Root Detection in Minirhizotron Images.- Image Retrieval Using Local Compact DCT-Based Representation.- Variance Component Estimation in Performance Characteristics Applied to Feature Extraction Procedures.- A New Distance Measure for Probabilistic Shape Modeling.- Generating Rotation-Invariant Texture Features by Randomization of Operator Orientation.- Biomedical Applications.- Estimation of Skill Levels in Sports Based on Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Correspondences.- Determining Position and Fine Shape Detail in Radiological Anatomy.- Solutions for Model-Based Analysis of Human Gait.- Robust Hand-Eye Calibration of an Endoscopic Surgery Robot Using Dual Quaternions.- Pose Estimation.- Real-Time Recognition of 3D-Pointing Gestures for Human-Machine-Interaction.- Pose Estimation of Cylindrical Fragments for Semi-automatic Bone Fracture Reduction.- Pose Estimation of Free-Form Surface Models.- Applications.- IR Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems.- Color-Based Object Tracking in Multi-camera Environments.- Improving Children's Speech Recognition by HMM Interpolation with an Adults' Speech Recognizer.- Invited Paper.- Image Sequence Analysis in Environmental and Live Sciences.


We will present a novel technique for bridging the micro- and macro- mechanical scales in granular materials. In particular, we will show that a hierarchical multiscale technique can be coupled with advanced experiments to predict the behavior of sands, completely bypassing phenomenological evolution laws for the macroscopic variables controlling the material behavior. It is the first time that a multiscale technique can predict the behavior of granular materials under 3D loading conditions.


The charity Medecins Sans Frontieres has accused the drug company Pfizer of using misleading advertisements in an attempt to justify to MPs and the public the high prices it charges for drugs.

The advertisements, displayed at Westminster underground station in London, the nearest stop to parliament, at the beginning of February, claimed …


Anna de Noailles: Exposition de manuscrits, livres el documents donnds ou prdts a la Bibliot/que Nationale. Paris: Biblioth&que Nationale, 1953. Pp.21. Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1953. Washington: Library of Congress, 1954. Pp. xi+193. "Anuario bibliogrifico puertorriquefio: Indice alfabetico de libros, folletos, revistas y peri6dicos publicados en Puerto Rico durante 1951." Compiled by GONZALO VELAZQUEZ. Ri6 Piedras, P.R.: Editorial Universitaria, 1953. Pp. 115. (Lithoprinted.) Attitudes toward Giving. By F. EMERSON A DREWS. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1953. Pp. 145. $2.00. "An Autobiographical Sketch (1815-1842)." By RICHAIW HENRY DANA, JR. Edited by ROBERT F. METZDORF with anl Introduction by NORMAN HOLMES PEARSON. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1953. Pp. xii+119. $2.50. (Lithoprinted.) The Beginning Writer. By ALAN SWALLOW. Boulder, Colo.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1954. Pp. 68. Cloth bound, $2.00; paper bound, $1.25. "Bibliographic and Library Manual." By VINCENT ROBERT NEGHERBON, T.O.R., and MARGARET MARY TOBIN. Loretto, Pa.: St. Francis College, 1953. Pp. 48. $1.25. (Lithoprinted.) The Book of the States, 1954-1955, Vol. X. By COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENTS. Chicago: Council of State Governments, 1954. Pp. xi+676. $10.00. Books and the Mass Market. By HAROLD K. GUINZBURG, ROBERT W. FRASE, and THEODORE WALLER. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1953. Pp. ix+66. $2.00. "Books and Scholars in the Middle Ages: A Medieval Latin Anthology from the Rolls Series." Compiled by THomAs J. SHAN4HAN. 2d ed. St. Paul, Minn.. St. Paul Seminary, 1953. Pp. x+71. $2.00. (Mimeographed.) Der Bucheinband: Eine Arbeitskunde mit Werkzeichnungen. By FRITZ WIESE. Stuttgart: Max Hettler Verlag, 1953. Pp. 408. "The California Librarian Education Survey." By ROBERT D. LEIGH. New York: Columbia University, 1952. Pp. 110. (Mimeographed.) "Carlyle's Early Reading, to 1834, with an Introductory Essay on His Intellectual Development." By HnL SiEoE. ("Occasional Contribution," No. 57.) Lexington: University of Kentucky Libraries, 1953. Pp. v+353. (Mimeographed.) Catlogue of Scottish Mcdieal Liturgical Books and Fragments. Compiled by DAVD McROBERTS Glasgow: John S. Burns & Sons, 1953. Pp. 28 2s. 6d. The Catholic Booklist, 1954. Edited for the CATHOLIC LIBmY ASSOCIATION by SISTER STELLA MARIS O.P. St. Catharine, Ky.: St. Catharine Junior College, 1954. Pp. 73. $0.75. "Catholic Subject Headings: A List Designed for Use with Library of Congress Subject Headings or the Sears List of Subject Headings." Edited by OLIVER L. KAPSNER, O.S.B., under the auspices of the CATHOLIC LIBRARY ASsOCrATION. 3d ed., with an Appendix on Names of Saints. Collegeville, Minn.: St. John's Abbey Press, 1953. Pp. xxii+615. (Lithoprinted.) Challenges to Librarianship. Edited by LouIs SHORES. ("Florida State University Studies," No. 12.) Tallahassee: Florida State University, 1953. Pp. 156. Citisen Co-operation for Better Public Schools. Edited by NELSON B. HENRY. ("Fifty-third Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education," Part I.) Distributed by University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill. Pp. xvii+304. Cloth, $4.00; paper, $3.25. "Congressional Quarterly Almanac: 83rd Congress, 1st Session, 1953," Vol. IX. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly News Features (1156 Nineteenth St., N.W.), 1953. Pp. 631. $17.50, with 20 per cent discount to public and educational libraries when ordered from Congressional Quarterly office. (Lithoprinted.) Contemporary Book Design. By RArrn E. ECKERSTROM. ("Beta Phi Mu Chap-Book," No. 1.) Urbana, I11.: Beta Phi Mu, 1953. Pp. 26. $3.00. "The Core of Education for Librarianship: A Report of a Workshop Held under the Auspices of the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago, August 10-15, 1953." Edited by LESTER ASHEIM. Chicago: American Library Association, 1954. Pp. 68. $1.50. (Lithoprinted.) County and Regional Library Development. By GRETCHEN KNIEF SCHENK. Chicago: American Library Association, 1954. Pp. vi+263. $5.25. The Disposal of the Dead. By C. J. POLSON (ed.), R. P. BRITTAIN, and T. K. MARSHALL. New York: Philosophical Library, 1953. Pp. x+300. $7.50. The Film Till Now: A Survey of World Cinema. By PAnTT ROTIA, with an additional section hv


Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses were performed on monospecific or mixed-species samples of benthic foraminifers, as well as on the planktonic species Globigerinoides ruber from a 24-m hydraulic piston core raised on the western flank of the Rio Grande Rise, at DSDP Site 517 (30°56.81'S and 38°02.47'W, water depth 2963 m) in the southwestern Atlantic. This site is presently located in the core of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This is the first long isotopic record of Quaternary benthic foraminifers; it displays at least 30 isotopic stages, 25 of them readily correlated with the standard sequence of Pacific Core V28-239. The depths of both the Bruhnes/Matuyama boundary and the Jaramillo Event based on oxygen isotope stratigraphy agree well with paleomagnetic results. Quaternary faunal data from this part of the Atlantic are dated through isotopic stratigraphy and partially contradict data previously published by Williams and Ledbetter (1979). There was a substantial increase in the size of the earth's major ice sheets culminating at Stage 22 and corresponding to a l‰ progressive increase of δ 1 8 θ maximal values. Further, ice volume-induced isotopic changes were not identical for different glacial cycles. Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of benthic foraminifers show that during Pleistocene glacial episodes, NADW was cooler than today and that Mediterranean outflow might still have contributed to the NADW sources. The comparison of coiling ratio changes of Globorotalia truncatulinoides with planktonic and benthic oxygen isotope records shows that there might have been southward excursions of the Brazil Current during the Pleistocene, perhaps related to Antarctic surface water surges. The question of the location of NADW sources during glacial maxima remains open.


MMP‐9 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinases family of enzymes that degrade collagen and fibronectin. It regulates neutrophil migration cross the basement membrane, and plays an important role in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling associated with various physiological or pathological processes. Recent studies indicated that the expression of MMP‐9 is elevated after cerebral ischemia and is involved in accelerating matrix degradation and disrupting the blood‐brain barrier. MMP9 has a diverse effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is neurotoxic by indirectly facilitating tau aggregation, but evidence also suggested that it may contribute to clearance of amyloid‐beta plaques by degrading the fibrils. However, very little is known about whether MMP9 modulates the progression of stroke, cognitive impairments or AD, and whether the mechanisms are involved in the regulation of cerebral vascular function. The present study examined the role of MMP9 in the development of hypertension‐induced cognitive impairments using a MMP9 knockout (KO) rat in the Dahl salt sensitive (SS) genetic background that we created. Baseline mean arterial pressure measured by telemetry was similar in 12‐week old MMP9 KO (n = 8) and SS rats (n = 49) fed a low salt diet, and averaged 125± 2 vs. 119 ± 2 mmHg, respectively. Proteinuria was significantly lower in MMP9 KO rats than in SS rats fed a low salt diet (60 ± 5 mg/day, n = 22 versus 101 ± 8 mg/day, n = 19). Protein excretion remained significantly lower in MMP9 KO than SS rats fed a 8% NaCl diet for 3 weeks (248 ± 26 mg/day, n=11 vs. 437 ± 39 mmHg, n = 17). The diameter of the isolated perfused middle cerebral artery (MCA) decreased to 78 ± 7 % in MMP9 KO rats when pressure was increased from 40 to 140 mmHg. In contrast, the myogenic response of the MCA isolated from SS rats did not constrict. CBF increased by 27 ± 2% (n = 8) in MMP9 KO than in SS rats (64 ± 4%, n = 10), respectively, when MAP was increased from 100 to 180 mmHg. CBF fell by 30 ± 3% (n = 9) in hypertensive MMP9 KO rats vs. 51 ± 2% (n = 10) in hypertensive SS rats when MAP was decreased from 100 to 40 mmHg. The MMP9 KO rats were 2 times as fast in escaping from an eight‐arm water maze in comparison with SS rats after induction of hypertension with a high salt diet for 3 weeks, suggesting the learning and memory deficits in hypertensive SS rats were rescued. These findings indicate that knockout of MMP9 protects against the development of proteinuria, enhances the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and rescues the progression of cognitive dysfunction in hypertensive SS rats. Our studies suggest that the role of MMP9 in cognitive impairments may be involved in the regulation of cerebral vascular function. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of MMP9 to design specific drugs and devise therapeutic strategies for dementia.


Based on USDA's March 30 Prospective Plantings report corn planted area was estimated at 89.2 million acres and soybean planted area was estimated at a record 84.6 million acres. Based on this data, and incorporating USDA's June 8 Crop Progress report, 2 percent of intended corn acres and 21 percent of intended soybean acres remain unplanted as of last week. For soybeans the percent of planted acres through June 7 falls short of last year's planting pace by 7 percentage points but is only two percentage points below the five-year average of 81 percent planted on June 7. Unplanted corn acres total 1.9 million acres and are concentrated in the Southwest and Western Plains, Figure 1. Unplanted soybean acres total 18 million and are concentrated in the Southwest and Western Corn Belt areas, Figure 2.


The invention discloses an ecological community structure layout method of healthcare gardens. The ecological community structure layout method of the healthcare gardens comprises performing strict classification, precision matching and reasonable application according to growth characteristics, functions and usages of all kinds of healthcare plants, and respectively mass-planting the plants in healthcare gardens of different forms according to needs through scientific design, consummate layout and corresponding compatibility; meanwhile, selecting relevant arbors which are vigorous, good in stress resistance and have pharmacological actions as a frame and utilizing healthcare plants of different varieties, clear functions and high ornamental values as a main body to build an ecological plant community. According to the ecological community structure layout method of the healthcare gardens, aesthetics, medicine pharmacology and environmental psychology are used as guidance, sightseeing gardens with healthcare effects are built through the application of biological measures, the healthcare plants, gardening architecture articles and the like, positive significance on public health maintenance, recreation and body-building, disease prevention and cure, wisdom development, tumor suppression and cancer prevention, body health and longevity, physical and mental health and the like can be obtained, and also social significance of energy saving and emission reduction, low carbon and environmental protection and ecological civilization promotion can be achieved.


Our aim in the present paper is to transcribe the Arabic translation of the Epistle to Philemon contained in Vat. Ar. 13 and analyse it from linguistic and translation viewpoints. This Arabic version shows that the translator based his translation on a Greek text, but he also made use of the Syriac version of the Peshīṭtā with a view to deciding on certain readings for exegetical or linguistic reasons. It is also possible that the translator used an intermediate secondary Aramaic text for revision purposes during the process of translating the Greek text into Arabic.


An evaporation/condensation flow cell was developed and interfaced with the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line bioaerosol detection and characterization, which allows matrix addition by condensation onto the laboratory-generated bioaerosol particles. The final coated particle exiting from the condenser is then introduced into the aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer or home-built aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and its aerodynamic size directly effects on the matrix-to-analyte molar ratio, which is very important for MALDI technique. In order to observe the protonated analyte molecular ion, and then determine the classification of biological aerosols, the matrix-to-analyte molar ratio must be appropriate. Four experimental parameters, including the temperature of the heated reservoir, the initial particle size, its number concentration, and the matrix material, were tested experimentally to analyze their influences on the final particle size. This technique represents an on-line system of detection that has the potential to provide rapid and reliable identification of airborne biological aerosols.


The developmеnt of tеchnology has comе up with the invеntion of robots. Thеy pеrforming a various tasks in industry and also in evеryday life. Probably the greatеst achievemеnt of robotics is coopеration betweеn robots and humans. Thеy hеlps to makе a human lifе much easiеr espеcially than dangеrous. One of the much concеrn is Defencе area. Imaginе the facе of warfarе with autonomous robotics Instеad of our soldiеrs rеturning homе in flag-drapеd caskеts to heartbrokеn familiеs, autonomous robots-mobilе machinеs that can makе dеcisions such as to firе upon a targеt, without human intervеntion and can replacе the human soldiеr in an incrеasing rangе of dangеrous missions from tunnеling through dark cavеs in sеarch of tеrrorists, to sеcuring urban streеts rifе with snipеr fire, to patrolling the skiеs and watеrways wherе therе is littlе covеr from attacks, to clеaring roads and sеas of improvisеd explosivе devicеs (IEDs) to survеying damagе from biochеmical wеapons to guarding bordеrs and buildings to controlling potеntially-hostilе crowds, and evеn as the infantry frontlinеs. Thesе robots would be smart еnough to makе dеcisions that only humans now can and as conflicts increasе in tеmpo and requirе much quickеr information procеssing and responsеs, robots havе a distinct advantagе ovеr the limitеd and falliblе cognitivе capabilitiеs. Thеy effectivеly doing the work of many human soldiеrs, whilе immunе to sleеp dеprivation, fatiguе, low moralе, percеptual and communication challengеs in the fog of war and othеr performancе-hindеring conditions. The rescuе robots takеs the job as a assistant of Soldiеr. Thеy havе capability to pеrform a mission remotеly in the fiеld without any actual dangеr to human livеs. Thesе kinds of the robots should decreasе numbеr of humans in military defencе which affеcts at numbеr of military casualtiеs. Mostly Unmannеd robotics is activеly bеing developеd for both civilian and military use to pеrform dull, dirty, and dangеrous activitiеs. The main objectivе of thesе papеr Reviеw a examplеs from the past and presеnt and highlights the important requiremеnts for robots in rescuе applications followеd cеrtain limitations in dеsign of robots. Kеywords-Robots, Unmannеd ground vehiclеs, defencе application.


This research aims at building a sensor array system to identify contact pressure distribution between the sensor and its environment. The main characteristic of this sensor array is that very few wires are needed to realize the data acquisition of many sensor units (called sencels) using a frequency modulation method. The repeatability, accuracy and working range of the sensor were experimentally tested. The sensitivity of individual sencels in the sensor array was also studied. This technology could be used as a skin sensor array for colonoscopes to avoid bowel perforation. Such surgical complications can be very severe and even life threatening.


Purpose: To study whether the nutritional status of the patient has any effect on the outcome of fracture healing. To correlate various clinical and biochemical parameters for assessment of nutritional status with union of fracture. Material and Methods: One hundred and two patients having diaphyseal fractures of various long bones were followed prospectively for two years. The patients were categorized into 'malnourished/ undernourished' and 'nourished' status according to the anthropometric markers like body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness and mid arm muscle circumference; and biochemical markers like Hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum transferrin, serum ferritin and creatinine-height index. These fracture was evaluated clinically and radiologically for healing. This union time or quality of union was correlated with the anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Results: Femoral diaphyseal fractures were the commonest fracture identified (n=35, 34. 31%) followed by radius and ulna (28%), tibia and fibula (25%) and humanus (12%). High velocity road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury seen in 49 fractures (48.04%) followed by fall from height (40%) and Domestic trauma (12%). None of the biochemical parameters showed any correlation for fracture healing. Only Serum Albumin, Creatinine-Height index, Serum transferrin could show significant correlation with malnutrition and poor fracture healing. Conclusion: Thus our study concluded that serum albumin, serum transferrin and creatinine-height index were good biochemical indicators to predict union time. Anthropometric markers, so commonly considered for assessing deficiency in nutrition, do not correlate with fracture healing significantly and are meant for screening only. Altering the nutritional status while fracture treatment can promote healing.


Home gardens are an essential component of the local food system and family farming worldwide. In Indonesia, a home food gardening program was initiated in the early 2010s to optimally utilize home yards for improving the adequacy of food consumption and nutrition intake of households. In the present challenging situation of Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a growing interest in home gardens to help mitigate food insecurity caused by food supply chain disruptions and the emergence of physical and economic barriers that limit access to food. This paper is a review of pertinent literature to find out the characteristics of home gardens and home gardening program in Indonesia and then examine their contribution to each pillar of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. The experiences of home gardens worldwide are reviewed to understand the global context of home gardens and food security. Literature reviews found a positive impact of home gardening program on food availability, access, and utilization. However, improving food stability through a home food gardening program is still a challenging task. This finding implies that the positive contribution of the home food gardening program to household food security is largely limited to the program period. Nevertheless, the program is still an important strategy to address food insecurity and nutrition deficiency of low-income households. Future research should assess factors affecting the sustainability of the program to derive viable models applicable in diverse circumstances. There is a need for research to assess the value and importance of home gardens as a coping strategy to reduce vulnerability and food insecurity in the present global Covid-19 pandemic.


As airbreathing-engine-propelled vehicle speeds increase in thermal problems multiply due to the effect of stagnation temperature. While total cooling needs increase, the most critical regions are the loading edges and the engines. Although thermal effects can be somewhat accommodated by improved materials and passive cooling, sustained hypersonic flight in the atmosphere requires a substantial heat sink. Compared to a mechanical refrigeration system or a non combustible coolant the fuel is the best source of cooling. The objective of this paper is to provide information helpful in specifying fuels which will be capable of providing cooling and propulsion for engines powering aircraft in the speed range above Mach 3. Such a fuel will provide cooling by giving up its latent and sensible heat and by undergoing endothermic reactions before it is fed into the engine. Practically, this could be in the temperature range up to about 1400{degree}F. In order for the fuel to function in this manner, it must have excellent thermal stability up to the temperature at which reaction occurs and also it and its reaction products must be stable to any post-reaction heating to avoid fouling problems. There are three main types of reactions that are dealt with inmore » this paper: the catalytic dehydrogenation of naphthenes, the thermal cracking of various types of hydrocarbons, and the depolymerization of polymers. Of the three, they prefer the first because of the higher heat sink available amounting to about 1000 Btu/lb for methylcyclohexane compared to about 300-400 Btu/lb for the other two types of reactions which are not necessarily proportional the extent of reaction. Naphthenes also have much higher rates of reaction over the temperature range of interest.« less


Railway turnouts are a critical railway infrastructure with a unique complex geometry. As a consequence, they induce a diverse nature of risk during railway operation. A large number of accidents, collision and derailment in particular, occur on or near railway turnouts. Not only do the accidents result in operational downtime and financial losses, they may also yield the casualties and, occasionally, the loss of life. As a result of such complexity, the maintenance burden of turnouts is remarkably high. To reduce the cost, casualties and faults, a risk-based maintenance strategy for geometry problems of turnouts has been developed. In addition to the model, the paper deals with various geometry-related failures and assesses the relationship between the failures and their contributing factors.


I describe nine predation, nest-predation and disturbance events: four by ants, four by the South-western Carpet Python Morelia spilota imbricata and one by the Bilby Macrotis lagotis. Predation by ants was more important on or near the ground, and Greenslade's Meat Ant Iridomyrmex greensladei was responsible for three of the four events. The Carpet Python took Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus nestlings from a burrow, and free-flying Australian Ringnecks Barnardius zonarius from the tree-canopy and from the ground. The Bilby dug out a Bee-eater's burrow, which it either depredated or from which it caused the nestlings to fledge prematurely. All observations were made at Dryandra Woodland, a 27 000-ha remnant of woodland, with an almost full community of animals that have declined or disappeared from the surrounding wheatbelt, 160 km south-east of Perth, Western Australia. The context of each event is discussed in relation to the broader background of a 3-year community-wide study of Dryandra's birds, which involved continuous monitoring throughout each breeding season.


Serum and urinary amylase values from 63 patients with pancreatic injuries were reviewed and correlated with clinical data. Forty-three patients were treated with debridement and drainage, 15 with distal pancreatectomy, and five with pancreatoduodenectomy. All of the latter survived. Of the 63 patients, six suffered injuries to other major structures and died. Serum amylase levels were elevated preoperatively in only 26% of the patients; postoperatively, they were routinely normal. Urinary amylase (diastase) levels were elevated in 93% of the patients immediately after operation and were the best indicator of postoperative pancreatitis. When nasogastric suction was discontinued on clinical grounds in the face of an elevated diastase level, 11 of 14 patients developed recurrent signs of pancreatitis. In patients with pancreatic injury, postoperative hyperamylasuria is an important indication for continued intensive therapy, including nasogastric suction even in asymptomatic patients.


The paper deals with simulating plastic deformation and fracture of the constituents of complexly alloyed brass in upsetting under the plane strain state in view of their geometry, mechanical properties and the stress state during deformation. The peculiarities of the formation of a net of localised strain bands are discussed. It is demonstrated that brass deformation is mainly due to the malleable matrix and that it is brittle silicide particles that fail. Stress non-uniformity in silicides has been detected with the presence of both tensile and compressive normal stress areas in them. Stress stiffness coefficient distribution functions have been constructed, and a relationship between the ultimate strains of brittle silicide particles in the soft phase and the stress stiffness coefficient has been defined. The dependence has been used to simulate damage accumulation in the silicides before fracture during upsetting under plane strain. The probability of silicide fracture under deformation is shown to be reducible due to the use of stress states offering a high level of macroscopic compressive stresses – high enough to minimise zones with prevailing tensile stresses in the silicides.


Objectives (i) To determine the proportion of all female deaths attributable to maternity in the age group 12-49 years; (ii) To estimate the maternal mortality ratio; (iii) To assess the direct and indirect causes of maternal deaths; (iv) To determine the demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics of women dying from maternal causes in order to develop a profile of high-risk women; (v) To determine which maternal deaths could have been prevented; and (vi) To propose intervention strategies to reduce maternal mortality.


The base-induced [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a series of enantiopure 2-sulfinyl dienes has been examined and optimized using a combination of NaH and iPrOH. The reaction takes place by allylic deprotonation of the 2-sulfinyl diene to give a bis-allylic sulfoxide anion intermediate that after protonation undergoes sulfoxide-sulfenate rearrangement. Different substitution at the starting 2-sulfinyl dienes has allowed us to study the rearrangement finding that a terminal allylic alcohol is determinant to achieve complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (90:10–95:5) with the sulfoxide as the only element of stereocontrol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide an interpretation of these results.


Laser-induced transient current technique was used for the visualization of charge transfer in the coplanar CdZnTe radiation detector including distinction to the collecting and noncollecting grids. Transient current waveforms measured at different intergrid biasing allowed us the identification of principal charge transit features and the final redistribution of collected charge between grids. We have demonstrated that while at the initial period of the charge passage through the detector bulk the current waveform shapes on the collection and non-collection electrodes are nearly the same, the intergrid biasing entails significant current deviation at the final part of the transients, where inverted current through the non-collecting grid induces markedly reduced/enhanced collected charge in the non-collecting/collecting electrode. An optimum ratio of cathode/intergrid biasing was found to be close to the ratio of detector/intergrid dimensions. Theoretical simulations demonstrating all charge-transfer cha...


They are not first-line drugs, but they can be second-line or third-line add-on drugs if blood pressure is not under control.


Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type-16 has been associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. This study examines the role of HPV-16 in the progression of oral head and neck cancer by determining the quantity of HPV-16 DNA in premalignant and malignant lesions, using real-time quantitative PCR, to more accurately determine the role of HPV-16 in oral head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: We examined 102 microdissected premalignant head and neck lesions (85 from the oral cavity), 34 invasive oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas, as well as 18 invasive tumors known to be HPV positive by traditional molecular technology for the presence of HPV-16 DNA using real-time quantitative PCR. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 1 of 102 premalignant lesions (0.98%), 1 of 34 (2.9%) invasive oral cavity carcinomas, and 14 of 18 (78%) known HPV-positive tumors. Conclusions: HPV-16 infection and integration is seldom found in oral premalignant lesions and invasive carcinoma, and therefore rarely contributes to malignant progression in the oral cavity. Furthermore, quantitative PCR is a useful technique that reliably excludes contaminated samples and those with minimal HPV DNA content that is unlikely to be significant in carcinogenesis. INTRODUCTION HPV has been implicated in human tumor progression based largely on data gathered from cervical cancer patients. High-risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33) have been known to affect epithelial cells by expressing proteins that alter tumor suppressor pathways by inactivating p53 and Rb (1, 2). Recently, HPV type 16 has been identified in 90% of HPV-associated head and neck tumors (3) and has been found in 50% of oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (3–5). However, markedly varied estimates of HPV prevalence in premalignant head and neck lesions (0–100%; Refs. 6–13) have made it difficult to clarify the timing and nature of the contribution of HPV to head and neck carcinogenesis. Head and neck premalignant lesions have been studied extensively for genetic alterations. A genetic progression model for the predictable loss of heterozygosity that occurs within premalignant epithelium has been established (14). Determining the timing of viral infection in these lesions would additionally elucidate the role of HPV in carcinogenesis and could help guide future strategies for the prevention and early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. As such, many studies have been performed to detect the presence of HPV in head and neck epithelia by use of a variety of laboratory methods. Several investigators have attempted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in normal individuals. The prevalence estimates have ranged from 0 to 60% (9, 15, 16), depending on the patient population as well as the sampling and assay methods used. There is likely some background rate of HPV infection in clinically normal individuals, suggesting that infection does not always promote progression to dysplasia. Studies examining invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have also reported many estimates (0–100%; Refs. 9, 17–20). Many different techniques have been used for detection, including PCR, Southern blot, dot blotting, and in situ hybridization. In a meta-analysis of the studies looking at these lesions, Miller and White (21) noted that there was a significantly higher rate of HPV positivity reported by those studies using PCR techniques for either consensus or type-specific HPV sequences. This raises the possibility that nonquantitative PCR may allow for increased sensitivity as opposed to other techniques but may also indicate that nonquantitative PCR has a higher occurrence of false-positive results. More recent studies have used a combination of techniques and have established a higher prevalence of HPV detection in oropharyngeal tumors, noting an inverse relationship between p53 mutations and HPV positivity (3). In an effort to determine the significance of HPV infection Received 11/16/01; revised 1/30/02; accepted 2/1/02. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 Supported by the Walter Winchell-Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (to J. A. C. and M. L. G.) 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at 724 Rutland Avenue, 818 Ross Building, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 5025153; Fax: (410) 614-1411; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 The abbreviation used is: HPV, human papillomavirus. 1203 Vol. 8, 1203–1209, May 2002 Clinical Cancer Research Research. on November 11, 2017. © 2002 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from in cancer progression, several studies have examined the prevalence of HPV in premalignant lesions of the head and neck (9, 11, 20, 22–27). Again, these studies demonstrated many prevalence estimates, using methods of variable sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the different clinical and histopathological classifications used to describe these lesions have made it difficult to compare the results of the different studies. The goal of our study was to use a novel technique for quantifying levels of HPV-16 DNA present in premalignant and malignant lesions of the head and neck to provide insight into conflicting reports of HPV prevalence in these lesions. Our hypothesis was that this study would provide a more accurate estimation of the true prevalence of HPV in oral cavity lesions because of the ability to quantitate the amount of HPV DNA. The technique was compared with traditional molecular techniques on invasive tumors found previously to contain HPV DNA, and was noted to be more sensitive than Southern blot and either comparable with or more specific than consensus PCR to the L1 MY09/MY11 region of HPV. To our knowledge, this is one of the largest series looking at well-characterized premalignant and malignant lesions of the head and neck, and the first series using real time quantitative PCR (TaqMan; Perkin-Elmer Corp., Foster City, CA) for this purpose. Quantitative PCR minimizes the risk of contamination by eliminating postamplification processing of samples. Additionally, the significance of the HPV detected in the samples can be evaluated by comparing HPV genome copy number to somatic host cell genome copy number, making it the ideal assay for HPV DNA detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue. Samples from 102 patients were collected from archived, paraffin-embedded, head and neck premalignant specimens from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Pathology between 1982 and 2000. The majority of lesions were isolated leukoplakias, and no lesions were associated with a prior or synchronous invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The average age of the patients was 59 (range 21–99), and they were predominantly male (85 of 102). Ten of 102 patients subsequently progressed to invasive carcinoma after initial excisional biopsy of a premalignant lesion. H&E-stained slides were reviewed by a pathologist (W. H. W.) and evaluated for the presence and degree of squamous epithelial dysplasia. The histological diagnoses in increasing order of severity were as follows: (a) hyperplasia without atypia; (b) mild dysplasia; (c) moderate dysplasia; (d) severe dysplasia; and (e) carcinoma in situ. Of note, hyperplastic lesions without atypia were included, because 30% of these lesions have been shown to demonstrate the similar genetic alterations found in their fully malignant counterparts (14, 28). In addition, 34 oral cavity invasive carcinomas were obtained. The average age of these patients was 44 (range 20–81), with 17 males and 17 females. Twenty-three of these tumors were fresh, frozen samples, and 11 were obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. DNA Extraction. Fifteen 10m sections were cut from paraffin blocks or fresh tissue and microdissected using a microsurgical forcep. Uninvolved nonmucosal tissue was microdissected as a representative normal. DNA was extracted using techniques described previously (14). Paraffin-embedded samples were placed in xylene for 12 h and centrifuged at 13,500 rpm. The pellet was then digested in SDS/proteinase K over the next 48 h at 45°C. The product was extracted with phenolchloroform, ethanol precipitated, and stored at 20°C. The samples were diluted 20-fold and then analyzed by quantitative PCR. Fresh tissue was treated in a similar fashion, although these samples did not require xylene treatment. Quantitative PCR. Specific primers and probes have been designed to amplify the E6 and E7 regions of HPV type 16 (29). Using this combination and the protocol described by Capone et al. (29), the normal and affected samples from the 102 patients were run in duplicate. Primers and probes to a housekeeping gene ( -globin) were run in parallel to standardize the input DNA. By using serial dilutions, standard curves were developed for the HPV viral copy number using CaSki (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) cell line genomic DNA, known to have 600 copies/genome equivalent (6.6 pg of DNA/genome). Validation. DNA was obtained from 18 invasive squamous cell tumors from the head and neck that were found previously to contain HPV DNA by traditional molecular techniques (consensus PCR to the L1 MY09/MY11 region, typespecific PCR to the HPV-16 E7 region, direct sequencing of HPV-16 E6, Southern blot for HPV-16, and in situ hybridization for HPV-16). These samples were derived from fresh frozen tissue and microdissected. Normal tissue DNA was also obtained for 14 of these 18 samples. Quantitative PCR was performed on these samples as described above. Data Analysis. Standard curves were developed for both HPV E6 and E7, using serial dilutions of DNA extracted from CaSki cells with 50 ng, 5 ng, 0.5 ng, 0.05 ng, and 0.005 ng of DNA (see


Populations are frequently nonnormally distributed in applied behavioral and social science research, affecting the properties of the F test in Analysis of Variance designs. The purpose of this study is to compare some of the most promising nonparametric alternatives to the F test for interaction:McSweeney (Marascuilo and McSweeney, 1977), Harwell and Serlin (1989; Harwell, 1991), and Blair and Sawilowsky (1990). The properties of the competing statistics were examined on data sampled from four theoretical distributions and two real data sets in the context of the balanced 2 × 2 × 2 design. Cell sample sizes of n= 7, 21, and 35 were obtained, and statistics were calculated at the nominal α = 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The number of repetitions was set at 20,000 per experiment. Results indicated that Harwell and Serlin's L test was conservatively and liberally nonrobust, and not a powerful competitor. Although robust, McSweeney's test was conservative when the effect size was large, and as the number of nonnull...


An electrical compensation network has been developed which preshapes the injection current modulation signal waveform to suppress both the low-frequency enhancement and relaxation oscillation of DFB-LD chip. The DFB-LD modules with electrical compensation network and optical isolators have been achieved with 4.7 GHz FM bandwidth.


The manual sorting of recyclable garbage has caused several issues such as the wastage of human resources and low resource utilization. To solve this problem, an improved Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) deep learning approach has been developed for recyclable garbage detection. To reduce the number of parameters and make the model easier to deploy and apply, a lightweight network called RepVGG has been chosen to replace the VGG16 network in the SSD. Additionally, the auxiliary convolutional layer structure of the SSD has been modified to further reduce the number of parameters. Additionally, the SK module has been integrated to adaptively adjust the size of the receptive field and enhance the detection accuracy. Experimental results of Waste Classification data set from Kaggle website have demonstrated that the improved SSD model has better detection accuracy and real-time performance, with an accuracy of 95.23%, which is 4.33 percentage points higher than the original SSD, and a detection speed of up to 64 FPS. This algorithm can be better applied in industry.


It is shown, in an invariant manner, that the gravitational field of a fast-moving mass bears an increasing resemblance to a gravitational plane-wave field, the greater the speed of the mass.


Moonlighting proteins represent an interesting group of proteins which do not follow the classical formulation "one gene – one protein – one function" by simultaneously performing two or more biochemically unrelated tasks. They do not include those proteins that have been genetically fused, alternatively spliced or proteolytically cut, or those that contain multiple functions within different domains or exert pleiotropic effect on phenotype. It's common for moonlighting proteins to be part of an essential metabolic pathway such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, folding and stabilising of other proteins, transcription and translation, etc. There are plenty of mechanisms which moonlighting proteins use to switch between their canonical and alternative functions, of which the most important for this seminary is the execution of alternative function when outside of the cell, commonly attached to the plasma membrane. Biophysical fundaments on which moonlighting effect occurs include post-translational modifications, point mutations or gene duplications which make an alternate version of an original protein with an added moonlighting function. Bacteria use surface-associated moonlighting proteins to adhere to extracellular matrix of host epithelial cell, to activate plasminogen or even to evade host immune response by binding certain proteins of the immune system. Even to this day there are still no clues to how bacteria translocate their intracellular proteins outside of the cell without any signal sequence. The importance of research in the field of moonlighting is multifaceted – some have been observed to cause disease and cancer, others on the contrary make the web of metabolism more complex and intertwined by connecting distant pathways. The latter is very important to have in mind before attempting any systems biology approach.


: Let A be a closed operator on a separable Hilbert space with the spectrum in the open right half-plane and a bounded Hermitian component, and let the resolvent of A be a Hilbert-Schmidt operator. The paper deals with the function where µ is a nondecreasing function and I is the unit operator. We establish norm estimates and perturbations results for h µ ( A ). As particular cases the fractional powers and logarithm of A are considered.


Waste sorting management has been popular in foreign countries. China started late and has a low technical level. It is still in the development stage. This paper analyzes the theoretical problems of urban domestic waste classification management at home and abroad. Management provides a reference.


We report the synthesis of a soluble perylene-based small molecule for use as an n-type emissive material for organic optoelectronic device applications, and demonstrate the material in a light-emitting electrochemical cell configuration.


In view of recent environmental concerns, the need for energy security, and the ever-increasing demand for portable systems, the scientific community is strongly motivated to develop sustainable an...


We propose an efficient beam-wave interaction circuit employing a multi-tunnel, slow-wave structure for W-band backward-wave oscillators. The tunnel is disposed one of above and below the beam tunnel, which enhances RF characteristics. The interaction circuit is prepared using a deep-reactive ion etched (DRIE), multi-level microfabrication on silicon wafers. The return loss shows strong resonances predicted by finite-element method (FEM) simulations. The multi-tunnel interaction circuit demonstrates almost similar aspect in return loss to the circuit without beam tunnel. A 1.6 times increase in RF output power is estimated from the particle-in-cell calculation, when compared to the case without multi-tunnel structure. Therefore, we conclude that the multi-tunnel, slow-wave structure successfully improves RF performance.


This paper introduces basic principle of SoC measurement in Embedded ChipMeasurement field,then prisents main content and related data of 93000 SoC Measure system.


Shales may contain significant volumes of organic matter and constitutes the key source rock for hydrocarbon reservoirs. Today these types of organic rich shales are being economical exploited in situ and have become recognized as unconventional reservoirs. The current reservoir characterization technology has been evolved over decades focusing on sandstone - and carbonate – rocks. This technology is not directly applicable for shale reservoir characterization. One important difference is that permeability and porosity in shales are order of magnitude different from sandstone - and carbonate – rocks, another that we are describing the source - rock it. We will in this paper propose a new procedure for characterization of shale reservoirs. The workflow is highlighted in figure 1. Input data is typically cores, well-logs and surface seismic data in addition to micro-seismic data .The core, well-logs and seismic data are integrated in a hierarchical fashion that allows characterization of key features in the shales. The total organic content (TOC) in the shales is an example of such a feature. Loseth et. al has in a recent paper that acoustic impedance (AI) in organic-rich claystones decreases nonlinearly with increasing TOC percent. Further claystones mixed with low-density organic matter have significant higher intrinsic anisotropy than otherwise similar non-organic claystones.


A numerical solution of the continuum equations for nonaligning nematic liquid crystals in cylindrical Couette flow is obtained. The initial orientation of the director is radial and therefore contained in the plane of the shear. The stability of the solution is analyzed for a series of sets of material constants in order to investigate the dependence of the stability threshold with temperature. The results are compared with experiments.


We report on a method to generate extreme ultraviolet vortices from high-order harmonic generation with two-color counter-rotating Laguerre-Gaussian ($\text{LG}$) beams that carry a well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM). Our calculations show that the OAM of each harmonic can be directly controlled by the OAM of the incident $\text{LG}$ modes. Furthermore, we show how the incoming $\text{LG}$ modes have to be tailored, in order to generate every possible value of OAM in the emitted harmonics. In addition, we analyze the emitted harmonics with respect to their divergence and find that it decreases with the harmonic order and increases with the OAM of the emitted harmonic.


The estimation of Lyapunov exponents from experimental data is demonstrated by means of a chaotic time series from Chua's circuit. The changes in the Lyapunov spectrum upon time reversal, the local thickness of the attractor, and the approximation errors of the locally linear fits are used as diagnostic tools to identify spurious Lyapunov exponents and to monitor the reliability of the results.


It is a " notorious fact " , one so commonly accepted and obvious it requires no evidence to support it in a court of law, that every woman knows when she is pregnant. In a society that has a low tolerance for uncertainty, cases that challenge our collective notion of the possible fascinate and confuse us. Headlines such as " Baby birth shock for soldier on Afghanistan deployment " , or " I had this extremely painful urge to push and that's when the head came out " are received with a mix of incredulity and scepticism. Yet cases of " cryptic pregnancy " – also known as " pregnancy denial " – are not particularly rare. In fact, they are estimated to occur in around one in 2,500 cases, suggesting around 320 cases in Surprise! Shutterstock


Objective: to assess the efficacy of trans-arterial radio embolization with yattrium-90 for end-stage unresectablehepato-cellular carcinoma HCC. Methods:End stage HCC patients who were treated with TARE between May 2019 and January 2023 at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. TARE was performed with resin (SIR-Spheres®) loaded with Yttrium-90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres). 3 and 6 months after the completion of TARE, patients underwent a contrast-enhanced CT or MRI to evaluate their treatment responses, after which imaging follow-up was performed at 2- or 3-weeks intervals.All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0 IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results:The study included 29 patients. Among them (65.5%) were Males. Interval decrease in size was found in (27.6%), Interval increase in size was observed in (24.1%). furthermore, the tumor was Stable in size in (48.3%).LR-TR Viable was found in (61.9%), LR-TR Nonviable was observed in (19%). Also LR-TR Equivocal was in (19%). Conclusion:TARE is safe and effective in the treatment of unresectable HCC, as it has a safer toxicity profile than chemoembolization, longer time-to-progression, greater ability to downsize and/or bridge patients to liver transplant, and utility in tumor complicated by portal vein thrombosis. TARE can also serve as an alternative to ablation and chemotherapy.


This study assesses the readiness of African governments to adopt blockchain technology, which has gained global recognition since the emergence of bitcoin in 2008. The paper examines whether African governments, given their political, economic, and social challenges, are prepared to embrace the blockchain revolution. The research focuses on a feasibility study of several African countries, including Nigeria, South Africa, and the Central African Republic, using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. The author draws on Jennifer Bridges' four interdependent elements of a feasibility study, which include political feasibility, economic feasibility, technical capacities, and legal and regulatory compliance.
The study examines how blockchain technology can provide transparent and reliable systems to combat corruption and mismanagement in government structures, which contribute to poor service delivery in the region. Furthermore, the research evaluates the potential positive and negative outcomes of blockchain implementation on African development, such as an increase in foreign direct investment and productivity, and a reduction in wasteful expenditure.


PURPOSE: Water is frequently recommended as a therapeutic medium for cardiac patients. Reports on the cardiovascular response to immersion often differ, however, depending, for instance, if full or partial immersion were considered. The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular responses to 2 immersion protocols in 3 age and gender-matched groups of patients each with a specific coronary artery disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with coronary artery disease entered water using a stepwise immersion (STEP) protocol (5 stages in 15 minutes) and an immediate, complete immersion (IM) protocol (2 stages in 6 minutes). Cardiac indices were monitored by transthoracic echocardiography. The heart rate was generated from the electrocardiogram, and blood pressure was measured using a manual mercury manometer. RESULTS: The end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output decreased during STEP but increased during IM. As a consequence, the preload on the heart was greater during IM. Changes in systolic blood pressure were comparable in the 2 situations. The immersion-related decrease of heart rate was seen during STEP, but not during IM. Nevertheless, the hemodynamic responses to the initial stages of STEP up to the ankle joint were quite similar to those observed during immediate immersion to the neck. CONCLUSION: The cardiovascular responses to IM and STEP differed between protocols and even among subgroups within the same protocol. The findings further suggest that isolated immersion of body extremities can be beneficial to patients with coronary artery disease as preliminary preparation before complete water immersion is undertaken.


A novel hybrid modulation scheme which combines polarization shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation with pulse position modulation is proposed in this paper. The system improves the transmission capacity and enhance resistance to atmosphere turbulence.


Jatinder S. Bedi. 2018. Policy Impacts on Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Indian Education Special Emphasis on Punjab. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd, Price: €103,99 (₹8,300), pp. 5. ISSN 2198-0012. ISSN 2198-0020 (electronic).


All around the world student mobility in higher education is becoming increasingly important. The mobility of university students has created classrooms where there are students with diverse backgrounds. In these multicultural classrooms, it has become essential for university instructors to understand the changing demographics of students. They must be competent enough to deliver a lecture to diverse groups. To help the instructors with their deficiencies it is important to research whether they are capable of managing cultural differences in their classrooms.In Turkey, multicultural education has gained importance. This study examines university instructors' competence in their capability to teach students from diverse backgrounds and determine whether there is a relationship between their multicultural competence level, and their gender, and discipline taught. A quantitative, descriptive survey research design was used. 136 instructors teaching different disciplines at Yildiz Technical University and Marmara University in Turkey participated in the study. The participants were chosen according to random sampling method. It is seen that gender and disciplines taught play a role in multicultural competence. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p415


ABSTRACT Surrogate models are data-driven models used to accurately mimic the complex behavior of a system.They are often used to approximate computationally expensive simulation code in order to speed up theexploration of design spaces. A crucial step in the building of surrogate models is finding a good sethyperparameters, which determine the behavior of the model. This is especially important when dealingwith sparse data, as the models are in that case more prone to overfitting. Cross-validation is often used tooptimize the hyperparameters of surrogate models, however it is computationally expensive and can stilllead to overfitting or other erratic model behavior. This pap er introduces a new auxiliary measure for theoptimization of the hyperparameters of surrogate models which, when used in conjunction with a cheapaccuracy measure, is fast and effective at avoiding unexplained model behavior. 1 Introduction In engineering design, many routine tasks such as design space exploration, sensitivity analysis or optimiza-tion can quickly become impractical due to the (relatively) high cost of computing a single design point.One way of speeding up the design process is by using surrogate models, also referred to as metamodelsor response surface models. Surrogate models are data-driven black box models, which accurately approx-imate the input-output behavior of the real simulator over the entire design space, using as little data aspossible. Examples of surrogate models are Artificial Neura l Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines(SVM), Kriging models and Radial Basis Function (RBF) models. Because they can be evaluated almostinstantaneously, they can replace, in a first design step, th e real simulator in order to quickly explore thedesign space.The quality of the surrogate model is in a great deal dependent on the hyperparameters that governits behavior. High quality models are not only able to accurately approximate the data samples that wereused to construct it, but also to accurately predict the values of unseen data points. Optimizing thesehyperparameters, however, is a non-trivial problem, sincethis requires an accurate estimation of the modelquality. Finding a good set of hyperparameters becomes even more difficult when dealing with sparsedata, as the models are more prone to overfitting in such cases , especially when high in-sample accuracy


Now-a-days, \emph{Online Social Networks} have been predominantly used by commercial houses for viral marketing where the goal is to maximize profit. In this paper, we study the problem of Profit Maximization in the two\mbox{-}phase setting. The input to the problem is a \emph{social network} where the users are associated with a cost and benefit value, and a fixed amount of budget splitted into two parts. Here, the cost and the benefit associated with a node signify its incentive demand and the amount of benefit that can be earned by influencing that user, respectively. The goal of this problem is to find out the optimal seed sets for both phases such that the aggregated profit at the end of the diffusion process is maximized. First, we develop a mathematical model based on the \emph{Independent Cascade Model} of diffusion that captures the aggregated profit in an \emph{expected} sense. Subsequently, we show that selecting an optimal seed set for the first phase even considering the optimal seed set for the second phase can be selected efficiently, is an $\textsf{NP}$-Hard Problem. Next, we propose two solution methodologies, namely the \emph{single greedy} and the \emph{double greedy} approach for our problem that works based on marginal gain computation. A detailed analysis of both methodologies has been done to understand their time and space requirements. We perform an extensive set of experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches with real-world datasets. From the experiments, we observe that the proposed solution approaches lead to more profit compared to the baseline methods and in particular, the double greedy approach leads to up to $5 \%$ improvement compared to its single\mbox{-}phase counterpart.


The invention relates to a method for designing a sliding mode load frequency controller of a non matched indefinite power system. An integration sliding mode manifold is designed, so that dynamic performance of the system arrival period can be optimized; meanwhile, based on reaching law arrival condition, a corresponding sliding mode load frequency controller is designed, so that the system state can arrive at the integration sliding mode manifold in limited time; and therefore, the system frequency is ensured to tend to be stable, and the stability and the robustness of the power system operation are ensured.


|| o binaries. The statistical properties of the hybrid statistic is studied. The performance of this hybrid statistic is compared with that of the coherent MLR statistic for generic inclination angles. Owing to the single synthetic data stream, the hybrid statistic gives low false alarms compared to the multi-detector MLR statistic and small fractional loss in the optimum SNR for a large range of binary inclinations. We have demonstrated that for a LIGO-Virgo network and binary inclination


The seemingly simple act of getting content from its producers to major media outlets and then creating versions required to meet technical, geographic, and regulatory requirements for distribution on many platforms is far from simple. Content delivery specifications spanning dozens of pages leave many bewildered and often result in content being delivered in far from an on-air ready state. The North American Broadcasters Association (NABA), in conjunction with the Digital Production Partnership (DPP), has been hard at work fixing this. Through the novel use of both specifications and standards, the NABA DPP effort has resulted in a standardized set of tools that enable simplified and more automated workflow when it comes to delivery of content to those who get it to the consumer. Existing SMPTE standards, such as Interoperable Master Format and Broadcast Exchange Format, have been leveraged to make delivery of Air Ready and Library Masters possible in a way that allows for greater interoperability and automation, resulting in great advances in efficiency and improved quality of these files. We will outline how this approach of utilizing both specifications and standards together results in a whole that is greater than its parts.
 Through the novel use of both specifications and standards, the NABA DPP effort has resulted in a standardized set of tools that enable simplified and more automated workflow when it comes to delivery of content to those who get it to the consumer.