Purpose To evaluate the effective of oocyte donation in Twenty-eight cycle of Twenty-eight cases of ovarian failure. Methods Twenty-eight ovarian failure patients had received hormones replacement therapy and in vitro fertilization with their husbands' sperm and donors' oocyte. Induction of ovulation by GnRH-a/Gonal-F/HMG/hCG regimen was used in donors. Recipient endometrial priming begins with 10 - 31days of oestradiol, with progesterone added to the regimen 3-4days prior to the transfer of embryos. Progesterone and oestrogen replacement are continued together throughout the luteal phase and withdrawn after the luteo-placental(10-12 weeks'gestation) in the event of pregnancy. Results Clinical pregnancy rate was 57.1 % in fresh embryo transfer. The miscarriage rate was significantly decrease. Conclusions oocyte donation is an effective treatment modality for women lacking functioning ovaries. The quality of ovum is an important factor to influence the embryo development and pregnancy rate. However,pregnancies in women of advanced reproductive age are associated with significantly more obstetrical complications and multiple gestation rate.


A theory of cosmic-ray bursts is advanced with which the energy released in them is assumed to come not from the cosmic-rays themselves but from the battery which charges the electroscope. These bursts then represent, according to this theory, instrumental accidents which must be eliminated before the remaining fluctuations can be interpreted. The discovery that the remainder of the ionization observed in a cosmic-ray electroscope is due wholly to positrons and negatrons shooting through the chamber makes it possible to compute the fluctuations to be expected from a random distribution of these electron shots. The observed fluctuations, after the elimination of bursts, are found to be somewhat larger than the fluctuations thus computed. From the amount of this excess the percentage of cosmic-ray "showers" (two or more associated tracks) can be computed and is found by Evans and Neher to be in general agreement with the number directly observed in cloud-chamber experiments.


In this paper,the authors proposed the existence of 4.425a periodic change of the distance between the earth and the moon above the earth equator.This periodic change is caused by the 8.85-year periodic move of the perigee of the moon.Under the circum- stance of the earth rotation,the distance between the earth and the moon above the earth equator has the same effect when the moon goes through the 0 degree and 180 de- grees of the ecliptic longitude.The perihelion of the earth each year is just several days after Christmas Day (3 or 4 January).So,the distances from the earth to the sun and from the earth to the moon may reach the closest point around Christmas every 4.425 years.The changes of the distance between the earth and the moon above the earth e- quator around Christmas from 1910 to 1991 were calculated in this paper.There exists statistical correlativity between the moon and natural phenomena such as El Nino,the rotation of the earth,the sea-level changes and ground crack.


Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in agricultural lands constitutes an important portion of the global carbon pool and has significant impacts on food security and global climate change. North China is one of the largest food producers where the croplands have been undergoing intensive management practices during the past decades. A well process-based biogeochemical model,DNDC (i.e.,DeNitrification-DeCompositon),was adopted in the study to quantify SOC storage and dynamics in croplands of the Upperstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir in North China. In the study,we further tested DNDC against our datasets measured at four sites with soybean,or corn planted in Yanqing County,Beijing although the model has been validated against numerous observations obtained in other parts of China. Results from our validation tests were encouraging indicating that DNDC was capable of capturing the trends of SOC dynamics in the target region. To support upscaling of the model simulations to the entire region,we built up a GIS database to hold the spatially differentiated data of climate,soil properties,cropping systems,and agricultural management practices at county scale across the domain. By linking DNDC to the GIS database,we accomplished the regional simulations for the 214 920 hm2 of croplands in the Upperstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir. Results from the upscaling simulations indicated that (1) the total agricultural SOC storage in the domain was 7 646×106 kg (0~25 cm soil layer) with an average 35 576 kg·hm-2,which was lower than the national average; (2) the annual increment of SOC in all the croplands in the domain was about 140×106 kg in 2006; and (3) the SOC increase was predicted across the target domain. The results implied that the agricultural soils in the region acted as a sink of atmospheric CO2 under the current climate,soil and management conditions. Alternative scenarios of climate change or farming management were tested with DNDC at regional scale,and the results indicated that (1) increases in temperature would make notably negative impacts on the agricultural SOC sequestration in the studied domain,and however (2) the SOC storage could still increase if higher fractions of above-ground crop residue were incorporated to the soils,more manure was applied,adequate irrigation was applied,or the conventional tillage was converted to no-till.


SUMMARY

The highest mean yield increase from a single spray of tridemorph applied for the control of powdery mildew was 540 kg/ha (12·1 per cent) more than the yield of unsprayed crops. Two or more sprays increased yields by 703 kg/ha (15·6 per cent). The more susceptible cultivars gave highest yield increases. Crops near winter barley gave higher yield increases than crops not near winter barley and responded best to early sprays whereas the other crops responded best to sprays applied later. Highest yield increases were obtained when sprays were applied as soon as 3–5 per cent of the leaf area of the oldest leaves was affected by mildew and this was the best criterion for timing sprays. Usually such sprays were applied during the growth stages 6–9 so that applying the fungicide with the herbicide up to growth stage 5 would not give the highest yield increase.

The best relationship between mildew and yield increase was obtained when a cumulative mildew index (per cent mildew x days) was used.


Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of 1% benadryl and 3 % metronidazle cream in the treatment of topical corticosteroid dependent dermatitis. Methods The study was conducted in a single-blind way. The 86 patients were divided into 3 groups: 1% benadryl and 3 %metronidazle cream (group A), loratadine (group B) and gluco-corticoids (group C). All preparations were applied twice daily for 8 weeks. Study visits took place at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. Results The clinical response rate in the groups A, B and C was 86.20%, 73.33%, and 66.67%, respectively; the clinical response rate in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P<0.05). Conclusions 1% benadryl and 3 % metronidazle cream are effective and safe in the treatment of topical torticosteroid dependent dermatitis.

Key words:
Benadryl cream;  Metronidazle cream;  Topical corticosteroid dependent dermatitis


An inspection device rover portable field, comprising a rod (102) having a support end (104) to engage a lower surface of the ground; a sensor (S100) position mounted on the rod (102) support; and a unit (107) control connected to the sensor (S100) position, the unit (107) control: a component for determining position data (107E) configured to determine position data using the sensor (S100) position to define a position inspecionada position relative to a reference sensor; characterized in that the unit (107) control further includes: a component (110) of adjusting the shape configured to define a shape corresponding to and defined by a series of positions inspected which are determined with component (107E) of determining the position data, the component shape adjustment configured such that a user can select at least some of the positions inspected if the positions are part of a straight line portion or a part of a curved portion of the form defined; and a component (150) form storage configured to store in memory the defined shape defined by the component (110) form-fit.


Although researchers report challenges that occur during enterprise architecture development (in general), there is lack of an elaborate description of those that occur during enterprise architecture creation – particularly if organizational stakeholders are to be deeply involved. Yet understanding challenges of involving organizational stakeholders when creating enterprise architecture is a prerequisite for devising a relevant solution to enterprise architects. An exploratory survey was therefore conducted with the aim of investigating challenges that enterprise architects face when they involve organizational stakeholders during enterprise architecture creation. This paper presents and discusses findings from the survey. The survey results generally indicate why 90% of enterprise architects face challenges when delivering products of enterprise architecture creation, although 96% of architects closely collaborate with organizational stakeholders during enterprise architecture creation.


Objective To study intra-aortic balloon pumping(IABP)treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the clinical effect of cardiogenic shock.Methods From February 2008 to March 2011,21 cases with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock patients were treatment by IABP in our hospital.Observed the mean arterial pressure before and after IABP(MAP), urine output, heart rate, changes in dopamine and dobutamine dose. Results Application of IABP treatment in patients with mean arterial pressure(MAP)increased, urine output increased, heart rate, dopamine and dobutamine dose reduction, treatment before and after the change of each index range of the two groups was statistically significant difference. Conclusion Acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock patients to IABP therapy, can increase coronary perfusion and improve myocardial blood supply, reducing left ventricular afterload, thereby improving cardiac function, treatment of cardiogenic shock.


The invention relates to a dispersing device for a roller press, which comprises a shell of which one side is provided with a feed inlet and the opposite side is provided with a coarse material outlet and a fine material outlet. A rotating wheel of which a wheel shaft is perpendicular to the feeding direction is arranged in the shell; the peripheral surface of the rotating wheel is peripherally and uniformly provided with a wear-resistant striking plate; the striking end face of the wear-resistant striking plate is arranged towards the feeding direction of materials; and the shell facing the striking end face of the wear-resistant striking plate is provided with a wear-resistant chain for receiving the materials struck and thrown up by the wear-resistant striking plate and carrying out impact on the materials again. A material cake squeezed by a fixed roller and a movable roller is dispersed by an impact force generated by high-speed rotation of the wear-resistant striking plate; the dispersed small material cake blocks crash into the wear-resistant chain at a high speed after being struck and thrown up; the wear-resistant chain impacts and finely crushes the small material cake blocks into material particles; and high-speed impact for twice enables the materials to be smashed into finer particles. The device can be far away from the movable roller and the fixed roller; and when the device is at a long distance with the movable roller and the fixed roller, the speed that the materials arrive at the wear-resistant striking plate is higher, the striking force is larger and the materials are more sufficiently smashed.


The structural vibration and the resulting acoustic radiation is a fully decoupled problem in a gas and a fully coupled problem in a fluid. The fluid‐structure interaction problem encompasses a broad spectrum of areas of interest in engineering applications. This ranges from mechanically existed structures (acoustic radiation) to acoustically induced vibrations (elastic scattering) to hydrodynamically applied forces (flow noise). The coupled fluid‐structure interaction for each of these problems is essentially the same; the difference lies in the manner utilized in applying the prescribed forcing function to the structure, in satisfying the interface boundary condition, and in analyzing the radiated acoustic field. The common link relating these problems is the fact that the same governing equations for the fluid and the structure are applicable in each of these areas. This commonality between the diverse fluid‐structure interactions will be stressed. The different techniques being used to solve the probl...


Objective To investigate the treatment of pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage of postoperation.Methods To studv the clinical data,risk factors and treatment measures of 89 patients with pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage of postoperation from January 2008 to March 2010 in the people' s hospital of Xiangcheng.Results There were 36 cases of pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage of postoperation.The rate of infection was 40.45%.There were 20 elderly patients,24 patients in continuing coma,26 patients after incision of tracheal,11 patients sucted the stomach contents,19 patients were used the glucocorticoids.The total 36 cases were cured after disinfection and insulation,posture convertion,aspiration of sputum,airway humidification,antibiotics and ambroxol used,using the tracheal casing with saccuspipe.Conclusions Elderly,continuing coma,incision of tracheal,suction of the stomach contents,using glucocorticoids are danger factors of the patients with pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage of postoperation.Strick performance of sterilization and isolation,Changing posture timing,timely and effective sputum aspiration and airway humidification,selecting antibiotics according to the results of sputum culture and drug sensitivity test,intravenous administration of ambroxol,using the tracheal casing with saccuspipe can effectively control the pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage of postoperation.

Key words:
Cerebral hemorrhage ;  Postoperation ;  Pneumonia;  Treatment


This paper takes a detailed look at the SSM and analyzes its usefulness for developing countries. It also explores how the concept of a special agricultural safeguard has evolved in the present round of negotiations and what are the country positions on SSMs in the Doha Round. The paper then proposes a price-trigger-based SSM instrument which is consistent with the goals spelt out in the Doha Development Agenda and satisfies most of the desired features of a safeguard instrument. [Working Paper No. 189]


Maturity is the key factor to determine the Pepper harvest, is also one of the main factors influencing the Pepper products quality. The contents of piperine, volatile oil and polyphenol in different maturity of Pepper fruit were studied to explicit maturity on the main active ingredient of Pepper fruit and explore their mutual regulation of Pepper. The results showed that: the content of piperine, volatile oil and total polyphenol of Pepper fruit during different maturity was of extremely significant difference, and the relative coefficient was 0.987,-0.931 and-0.746,respectively. Harvesting Pepper should choose different maturity fruit according to the characteristics of the product.


In this article, a balanced-to-single-ended (BTSE) 180° hybrid with arbitrary power-division ratio and bandpass filtering response is presented based on the 2-D square patch resonators. With resorting to the TM01 and TM10 orthogonal degenerate modes in a square patch cavity, the desired in-phase and out-of-phase characteristics between output ports can be simultaneously accomplished. The electric field distributions on the patch under operation of TM01 and TM10 modes are inspected to guide the design process. Theoretical analysis results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid flexibly allows for effective control of arbitrary power-division ratio by arranging two output ports at proper positions. Meanwhile, the filtering response can be realized using two stacked patch resonators with proper coupling strengths according to the filter specification. Moreover, the isolation performances between balanced input ports and single-ended output ports are evaluated for all the power-division ratios. For validation, two 2nd-order filtering BTSE hybrids with different power ratios of 1:1 and 10:1 are designed. Measured results of both two fabricated circuits exhibit good performances in terms of filtering response, power splitting distribution, common-mode suppression, in-phase and antiphase difference, as well as isolation and port matching.


Detecting the vanishing point from a single road image is a challenging problem because there is very limited information in the input image that can help the computer to deduce the genuine location of vanishing point. Besides, the cluttered ambient environment in a real road image sometimes will hinder rather than assist the detection. Learning both the advantages and the limitations of current edge-based and texture-based approaches motivates us to propose a new vanishing point detection method that exploits the intrinsic geometric line structures and color texture properties of general roads. Our approach integrates the efficiency of line segments of edge-based methods, and the orientation coherence concept that is frequently applied in texture-based methods, which can be of great help to improve the accuracy of selecting the right line segments for vanishing point detection. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on over 1000 various road images. These road images exhibit large variations in color, texture, illumination condition, and ambient environment. The experimental results demonstrate that this new method is both efficient and effective in detecting vanishing point when compared to the state-of-the-art edge-based and texture-based methods.


The electrophoretic behavior of water‐soluble anionic porphyrins, such as meso‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), meso‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) and its zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes (ZnTSPP and CuTSPP, respectively) has been studied by capillary zone electrophoresis using fused‐silica capillaries. The selectivity of the separation is strongly dependent on the type and concentration of β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) or the O‐methylated derivatives added to the background electrolyte. CuTSPP and TSPP can be separated using a pH 2.5 aqueous sodium phosphate buffer in the presence of 1 mM βCD. Resolution is poorer or absent employing alkylated βCDs, such as the heptakis (2, 6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin or the heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, as additives. On the other hand, separation of TSPP from its copper and zinc complexes has been achieved using a pH 7.0 aqueous sodium phosphate buffer, in the presence of 0.75 mM βCD and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as organic modifier. Under such conditions, the calibration curve for quantitative analysis of copper(II) was obtained. A rationale for the observed behavior will be presented and discussed on the basis of binding and protonation equilibria and a simple mathematical model.


In the process of the operation and maintenance of secondary devices in smart substation, a wealth of defect texts containing the state information of the equipment is generated. Aiming to overcome the low efficiency and low accuracy problems of artificial power text classification and mining, combined with the characteristics of power equipment defect texts, a defect texts mining method for a secondary device in a smart substation is proposed, which integrates global vectors for word representation (GloVe) method and attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM-Attention) method in one model. First, the characteristics of the defect texts are analyzed and preprocessed to improve the quality of the defect texts. Then, defect texts are segmented into words, and the words are mapped to the high-dimensional feature space based on the global vectors for word representation (GloVe) model to form distributed word vectors. Finally, a text classification model based on BiLSTM-Attention was proposed to classify the defect texts of a secondary device. Precision, Recall and F1-score are selected as evaluation indicators, and compared with traditional machine learning and deep learning models. The analysis of a case study shows that the BiLSTM-Attention model has better performance and can achieve the intelligent, accurate and efficient classification of secondary device defect texts. It can assist the operation and maintenance personnel to make scientific maintenance decisions on a secondary device and improve the level of intelligent management of equipment.


S.D.: Hello, Professor Lackner! Thank you for having us here today, at the Neurotrauma Treatment Simulation Center. We are on the last day and it has been quite an experience. I have some questions for you, starting with... can you tell us a bit about yourself and your background and focus area? P.L.: You're well welcome. I'm very happy that we were able to start with this first Neurotrauma Treatment Simulation Center (NTSC) in Vienna, which so far is very interesting for me and there has been a big and a good community from all over the world coming to visit Vienna and to get an exchange with us and improve neurotrauma treatment all over the world. So, concerning me, I'm actually a neurologist, I'm a neurointensivist, and I have a big background in neurocritical care. Before I moved to Vienna, I was working at the Medical University in Innsbruck, in the Neuro Critical Care Department where we were responsible for neurotrauma treatment and now that I've moved to Vienna, I'm the head of the Department of Neurology here, in Floridsdorf and also in Klinik Penzing. Klinik Floridsdorf is specialised in acute neurology which is focusing on cerebrovascular diseases, but also on mild and moderate TBI which we frequently take care of in this hospital. And Klinik Penzing is an early rehabilitation ward where patients with severe neurological deficits, like severe stroke, intracerebral bleeding, and also traumatic brain injury are being taken care of after the acute setting in the early rehabilitation setting. So, I'm in the lucky position of having two departments where we are able to cover the whole chain of trauma care. On the one hand, the acute setting and, on the other hand, the early rehabilitation setting.


The Stimulated Raman scattering spectrum of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) plastic fiber was measured and the characteristic of the first order Raman spectrum was studied. The threshold, spectral bandwidth was measured. The formation mechanism of stimulated Raman scattering spectrum was analyzed. The first order Raman spectral bandwidth of plastic optical fiber is less and the volume is 2.8nm or so and it is not changed with the energy of pump light. The Raman frequency shift is 2563 cm-1. Compared with silica fiber, PMMA plastic fiber has smaller spectrum width, bigger Raman frequency shift and lower threshold of energy density. The energy transfer mechanism of silica fiber is the same with PMMA plastic fiber.


The energy and spectral characteristics of a laser on a ZnS:Fe2+ polycrystal operating at room temperature have been studied. The laser was pumped by a non-chain electro-discharge HF laser with a full-width at half-maximum pulse duration of ~140 ns. The diameter of the pumping radiation spot on the crystal surface was 3.8 mm. The two-sided diffuse doping of a polycrystalline CVD-ZnS sample with the surfaces preliminarily coated by high-purity iron films was performed in the process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 100 MPa and temperature of 1290 °С. Increasing the duration of the HIP treatment from 54 h to 72 h made it possible to obtain twice the doping depth, and correspondingly, twice the length of active medium. As a result, the slope laser efficiency with respect to the absorbed energy was raised by a factor of 1.75 as compared to the value obtained in our earlier work with a polycrystalline sample. The generation energy was 25 mJ at a slope efficiency of ηslope  =  35%. It was established that the generation spectra of the laser with a non-selective resonator have a linear structure with intervals between the neighboring lines of δλ  ≈  6 ÷ 8 nm, which is spurious for solid-state lasers. The spectral structure observed is not related to the elements inside the resonator, which might form Fabry–Perot interferometers.


Photograph of Ray Moseley at a panel for UNT alumni and Pulitzer Prize finalists. Moseley is seen staring out into the audience when his photo was taken. The panel was held during the Century of Excellence: The Pulitzer Prize's and Journalism's Impact on UNT exhibit and event.


The paper concerns singular solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations, which include removable singularities for viscosity solutions, a strengthening of the Hopf Lemma including parabolic equations, Strong maximum principle and Hopf Lemma for viscosity solutions including also parabolic equations.


The incidence of digestive malformations associated to esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula is reviewed in a series of 125 surgically treated patients during the last five years' period. A correlation is drawn with other associated malformations. Its influence upon the mortality rate is stressed.


We report a case of a progressive bilateral C5 palsy (C5P) following multilevel posterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery that was successfully treated with conservative management. A 58-year-old female patient with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and resulting spinal canal stenosis underwent surgery in August 2015. Weakness in her both deltoid and biceps muscles was immediately detected after surgery and gradually deteriorated to severe paresis in the following 2 days. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed sufficient decompression of the spinal cord with posterior shifting. However, residual neuroforaminal bilateral stenosis at levels C4/5 and C5/6 was found on postoperative computed tomography. After discussion of the therapeutic options, we decided to start conservative management including physical therapy and to follow the patient closely including clinical and neurophysiological examinations for the next 12 months. After 3 months, improvement of bilateral paresis was already evident. Muscle strength in the right biceps and the right deltoid muscles recovered completely within a year, but Grade 4 muscle weakness remained in the left deltoid and biceps muscles. Repetitive electromyography also showed continuous improvement of the interference patterns of the deltoid and biceps muscles. Although a standard management protocol for the treatment of postoperative C5P has not yet been established, a conservative therapy may be warranted even for severe and bilateral C5P.


Edge alignment of polyester (PET) films is important for achieving product quality and processing speed in winding, coating, drying, and other processes. The edge alignment can be achieved by lateral deflection control, provided that the film tension and transport speed are even at desired values. This article aims to correct the lateral deflection of films by designing robust controllers to swivel the guiding rollers and to maintain even tension and speed at target levels. The self-tuning neuro-proportional integral derivative controller and adaptive high-gain output feedback controller are adopted to guide the lateral deflection so that the film aligns at the desired position. A control scheme, neuron controller by associative learning, is used for maintaining tension and speed control. These strategies are applied to a simplified PET film processing system. The experimental results demonstrate that in our setup, the control schemes can effectively alleviate not only the lateral deflection but also the tension and speed fluctuation at target levels. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:153–162, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20096


The endoscopy is a common diagnosis method for the detection of colorectal cancer and there are two methods to improve the diagnostic sensitivity. One is chromoendoscopy, and the other is magnifying endoscopy. Color contrast dye, such as indigo carmine, usually is sprayed on the surface of the intestine and can accumulate in the pits and crevices of the mucosa to enhance the identification of the lesion. However, this color contrast dye does not have target-specific and local-retention properties. For these reasons we encapsulated indigo carmine into chitosan nanoparticles (CNIC) by the ionic gelation to increase the retention time on intestine surface, and conjugated folic acid with chitosan nanoparticles (fCNIC) to target specifically adenomatous polyps. The size and zeta potential of CNIC and fCNIC measured by transmission electron microscope and zetasizer were both at the range of 120–140 nm and 20 mV respectively. The loading efficiency of indigo carmine in fCNIC was in the range of 60–70% and depended on the concentration of acetic acid solution used to dissolve chitosan and folic acid–chitosan conjugates and folic acid conjugation percentage. Bioassy results of fCNIC targeting to HT-29 colon cancer cells revealed that the prepared particle with high folic acid conjugation had a better adhesion effect. These results implied that fCNIC with high folic acid conjugation could serve as an ideal vector for a colon-specific targeting system. According to this concept, we designed a novel detection system to enhance the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis for colorectal cancer.


Knowledge economy is a new ecological production mode. And production mode, which is an essential concept of Marxist conception of history, bears the defining properties of communicative practice. These properties are remarkably manifested in the production mode of knowledge economy, raising the construct of global communicative practice to a higher level. Production mode of knowledge economy possesses new features that transcend those of the industrial production mode in such areas as content, structure, efficiency, values and development trend. It functions as the basis of a new era of globalization.


Decaying DC components in fault currents will make the digital filter to obtain inaccurate phasors and cause the false operations of a relay system. Many studies have put their focuses for removing the decaying DC components from fault currents. Generally, they need extra samples or phasors to obtain the parameters of the decaying DC component. In order to accelerate the filter response, this paper presents a new Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based algorithm which does not need extra sample to remove the decaying DC component. To achieve this, the samples used for a traditional DFT computation are split to four groups. Both the Full-Cycle DFT (FCDFT) and the Half-Cycle DFT (HCDFT) -based computations have been developed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by MATLAB/SIMULINK generated data to show its effectiveness.


This paper has proposed the optimization technique for finding the optimal sizing and placement of solar powered electric vehicles (EVs) charging station under EVs load using artificial bee colony (ABC), when the photovoltaic (PV) system was installed on roof of each charging station. The artificial bee colony algorithm was selected to solve the optimal condition under the proposed EV modellings on voltage dependent characteristics and PV placement modelling. On the hand, the IEEE 33 bus test system was used to express the load voltages deviation (LVD), under the minimum power loss condition as an objective function. The simulation method was divided into two conditions. With the first condition, optimal values of EV, LVD, and real power loss without PV installation had to be found. The second condition considers the first condition including optimal PV installation. The simulation results showed that, the optimal sizing of EVs, LVD, and total real power loss under the first condition were 50 kW, 0.155, and 241.547 kW, respectively. On the second condition, it was found that the optimal sizing and position of PV which was installed, measured at 250.758 kW on Bus No.15. The proposed system can reduce the LVD, and total real power loss of about 0.021 and 218.142 kW, respectively. Therefore, the study of EVs penetration with optimal PV placement on the power distribution system could be improved with voltage stability in term of voltage profiles.


Polymerization reactions of tetravalent metal ions in solution gained considerable renewed interest in recent years but are still not fully understood. The relvance of their complex chemistry spans from industrial applications in the case of zirconium salts to the nuclear fuel cycle but also environmental research for the actinides thorium and plutonium. Their interactions in the environment must be known in order to understand potential migration pathways of the radiotoxic elements and in particular to perform safety assessments of prospective sites for high level nuclear waste repositories. The relevance of polymer and colloid formation, in particular of tetravalent plutonium, became obvious when unpredicted high levels of plutonium contaminations were found many kilometers off nuclear weapons test sites in Nevada (USA) and close to a nuclear reprocessing plant at Mayak (Russia). In these cases, plutonium transport was strongly enhanced by formation of so called pseudo colloids, i.e. plutonium ions chemically sorbed to natural colloids. In the present work, hydrolysis, polymerization and colloid formation are investigated by the spectroscopic techniques LIBD (laser-induced breakdown detection), TRLFS (time-resolved laser-fluorescence-spectroscopy), UV-Vis (absorption spectroscopy) and XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy). Observation of polynuclear complexes by ESI-TOF-MS (nano-electrospray mass-spectrometry) fills the gap in the reaction chain from the hydrolysis of monuclear ionic solution species to the formation of nm-sized aquatic colloids. Combining these to some extent especially taylored and improved methods allows making a step forward toward a molecular level understanding of the complex interplay of redox chemistry, hydrolysis reactions and polymer formation of tetravalent metal ions in solution.


The following project allow us to inquire all the knowledge learned during the permanence of the carrier. The main objective is to develop a web application that can help improve notably the processes in the reservations of laboratories, machines renting, loan of elements, incidents reports and the inventory management in the Training Center and Informatics Services (CECASIS) from the south campus of the Universidad Politecnica Salesiana.
The application designed was made according to the information and requirements given by the CECASIS staff. It was necessary to arrange meetings periodically at the beginning of this project until we reach the full understanding of the business logic.
During the development phase and with the help of the information given, we sought to automate the processes without altering the logic and order with which they had been working.
After a few presentations and corrections, the final product is a web application that follows the requirements stablished.


Over the past decades, several techniques have been employed to improve the applicability of the metaheuristic optimization methods. One of the solutions for improving the capability of metaheuristic methods is the hybrid of algorithms. This study proposes a new optimization algorithm called HPBA which is based on the hybrid of two optimization algorithms; Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) inspired by the theory of the universe evolution and Artificial Physics Optimization (APO) which is a physical base optimization method. Finally, the performance of the proposed optimization method is compared with the originated methods. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated for truss optimization as an applied constrained optimization problem.


The perioperative phase of preclinical cardiac xenotransplantations significantly affects the experimental outcome. Moderate or even severe hemodynamic and respiratory impairment occurs frequently in baboons after receiving a cardiac transplant. The perioperative management of such postoperative instability is very demanding, especially in the experimental setting. We compared perioperative changes of hemodynamic and laboratory findings during orthotopic and heterotopic thoracic cardiac xenotransplantations and describe our monitoring, treatment and intensive care.


The specifications of fingerprint sensor are diverse,the principle and design are different,and one product is incompatible with other products,which led to system matching performance of different types of sensors reduced greatly.An approach combined two common types of fingerprint sensors(optical and capacitive sensors) is presented to improve system matching performance.Two images are captured from two types of sensors respectively.After the pre-processing program extracted detail point match the template fingerprint,and the two matching scores are obtained,and then final score is obtained from fusion of two matching scores.Compared with single sensor matching performance,fusion result has greatly improved the performance of the system.


In Europe, mixed mountain forests, primarily comprised of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), cover about 10 × 106 ha at elevations between ∼600 and 1600 m a.s.l. These forests provide invaluable ecosystem services. However, the growth of these forests and the competition among their main species are expected to be strongly affected by climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the growth development of spruce, fir, and beech in moist mixed mountain forests in Europe over the last 300 years. Based on tree-ring analyses on long-term observational plots, we found for all three species (i) a nondecelerating, linear diameter growth trend spanning more than 300 years; (ii) increased growth levels and trends, the latter being particularly pronounced for fir and beech; and (iii) an elevation-dependent change of fir and beech growth. Whereas in the past, the growth was highest at lower elevations, today's growth is superior at higher elevations. This spatiotemporal pattern indicates significant changes in the growth and interspecific competition at the expense of spruce in mixed mountain forests. We discuss possible causes, consequences, and silvicultural implications of these distinct growth changes in mixed mountain forests.


PurposeThe purpose of the paper is set to minimize the total cost of a manufacturing system when an acceptance sampling plan (ASP) is carried out in a fuzzy environment.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy acceptance sampling plan (FASP) is employed for the inspection of the batch of products and a fuzzy cost optimization problem is formulated.FindingsThe extent of uncertainty determines an interval for the total cost function with upper and lower bounds. The effect of variation in the ambiguity of the proportion of defectives in the probability of acceptance is determined.Practical implicationsThe proposed model is specifically designed for production and supply units with ASP for attributes. Still, the proportion of defectives in the inspection process is fuzzy.Originality/valueFuzzy probability distribution is used to model an optimal inspection plan for a general supply chain. Economic design of supply chain under fuzzy proportion of defectives is discussed for the first time.


DOI: 10.17014/ijog.8.2.231-219 Mass-transport deposits (MTDs) have been analyzed over an area of 1,500 km 2 in the deep-water setting of West Africa, focusing on the Early Tertiary sequence using high resolution of 3D seismic data. Observed MTD is about 10 km wide and 20 km long, up to 140 m thick, on the high gradient slope of 3.4 o , extending from east to west. Internal seismic facies of the mass consist of extensional imbrication facies in the upslope area, thrusted facies downslope area. The MTD likely was triggered by a combination of mechanisms. Uplift in the Tertiary, dated at about 30 - 40 Ma, corresponding to the unconformity KS_5 may be the main reason that causes slope failure. Besides, possibly releasing gas from the gas hydrate stability zone may contribute to triggering mass-transport deposition in the study area.


OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF T ECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Ilja Makkonen Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted 15th May 2007 Manuscript revised 15th August 2007 Date of the defence 21st September 2007 at 13 o'clock, main bu ilding of HUT, Otakaari 1, lecture hall E Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Department Laboratory Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor


Resilient healthcare (RHC) emphasises the importance of adaptive capacity to respond to unanticipated crises such as the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but there are few examples of RHC research focusing on the decisions taken by macro level policy makers. The Smaggus et al paper analyses the actions of two governments in Canada and Australia as described in media releases from a resilience perspective. The paper clearly articulates the need for conceptual clarity when analysing system resilience, and integrates three theoretical perspectives to understand the types of government responses and how they were related to resilience. The paper makes a valuable contribution to the developing RHC evidence base, but challenges remain in identifying conceptual frameworks, researching macro level resilience, including identifying and accessing reliable macro level data sources, analysing interactions between macro, meso and micro system levels, and understanding how resilience manifests at different temporal and spatial scales.


Background: In Korea, there are two healthcare delivery sectors: public and private. The purpose of this study is to compare public and private healthcare delivery in the context of COVID-19 and evaluate healthcare delivery to patients with medical benefits.Methods: Data from the Korea Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), the Health Insurance Reviewand Assessment Service claimdata, and the Ministry ofHealth andWelfarewere analyzed fromJanuary 2020 to February 2021.Results: During the observation period, the cumulative number of patients with the most severe cases was 1,566, and the proportion of inpatients with the most severe cases by healthcare facilities types were: 44.2% (692 patients) in regional public hospitals, 8.9% (140 patients) in national university hospitals, and 22.9% (358 patients) in other types of public hospitals, and 24.0% (376 patients) of private hospitals. The proportion of patients receiving medical benefits by health care institutions was 13.9% in regional public hospitals, 6.7% in national university hospitals, and 7.1% in other public hospitals.Conclusions: The debate about the roles and functions of public and private hospitalsis ongoing. Ratherthan classifying according to the establishment entity, it is necessary to seek ways to achieve the ultimate goal of the medical system, which isto protect people'slives and promote health.


Objective To explore the pathogenic role of burn-associated type 2 T-cell responses on the development of cryptococcal encephalitis in mice with severe thermal injuries. Design Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infection in normal mice was compared with that in thermally injured mice (TI mice), normal mice treated with a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, or normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. Setting University research laboratory. Subjects Male BALB/c mice, 8 to 10 wks of age. Interventions We prepared four groups of mice as follows: a) normal mice, b) TI mice, c) normal mice treated with the IL-4/IL-10 mixture, and d) normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. These groups of mice were anesthetized and exposed to 1 × 10 cells/mouse of C. neoformans intratracheally. Cryptococcal growth in brains and lungs in normal mice were compared with those of the other three groups. Also, cytokine-producing profiles of T lymphocytes from brains of both normal mice and TI mice were determined. Measurements and Main Results Compared with normal mice, TI mice were susceptible to C. neoformans infection. At the maximum (15 days after infection), numbers of C. neoformans organisms in brains of TI mice were 10 times higher than those of the pathogen in brains of normal mice. After stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, IL-4 (but not interferon gamma) was produced in cultures of T lymphocytes from brains of TI mice 15 days after the infection, whereas the same cell preparation from normal mice produced interferon gamma (but not IL-4). TI mice and mice that were treated with a IL-4/IL-10 mixture or inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells were equally susceptible to the cryptococcal infection. Conclusions Burn-associated type 2 T cells or their cytokine products play a key role in the severity of cryptococcal encephalitis that develops in TI mice.


Against the background of the steadily increasing use of recycled products, which may contain harmful substances, a risk assessment has been conducted for charcoal briquettes used in barbecue restaurants made of recycled waste wood. Aim of the study was to assess potential adverse effects by inhalation of released substances contained in the combustion gas. For that purpose, 13 domestically distributed charcoals have been analyzed for eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb and Se), two aldehydes (acetaldehyde and formaldehyde), and four VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). Indoor air samples have been collected in a closed tent as well as at a place equipped with a ventilation system and its surroundings. Results of the analysis show that among the investigated substances benzene has been detected in the range of 0.00058-0.01084 ㎎/㎏ in four products. By means of the obtained analytical results, an exposure algorithm has been developed to calculate the human risk for the scenario at the closed tent (2×2×2 m) and the place equipped with an exhaust hood. The heavy metals lead, cadmium, chromium, and barium have been detected, although a risk by higher exposure levels has only been found for barium (0.04043-0.04881 ㎎/㎏/day). However, if a common ventilation system is installed, 99.9%~99.99998% of the combustion gas will be removed from the surroundings of the ventilation, so that almost no inhalative exposure to hazardous substances is expected.


The donor/acceptor heterojunction devices having configuration n-PANI/p-PSi were fabricated by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method of aniline on p-type porous silicon. The structure of n-PANI/p-PSi junctions was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The dark current-voltage measurements were performed in the temperature range of 303–393 K to determine the electrical transport mechanisms of these devices. Rectifying properties were obtained and capacitance–voltage at 1 MHz behavior indicates an abrupt interface. At low forward bias, the current was found to be limited by thermionic emission of holes from p-PSi over the PANI/PSi barrier in the PANI thin film. For relatively higher voltage, the conduction was dominated by a space charge limited current mechanism, with an exponential distribution of traps. Also, various electrical parameters were determined from the I-V and C-V analysis.


Introduction
Concepts related to end-of-life decisions, such as euthanasia, palliative care, advance directives and therapeutic obstinacy, are poorly understood by the general population, which, when facing a terminal situation, is not prepared to choose the best option.

Objective
Pilot study (n = 544) to find out what the open population understands about terms used in end-of-life situations in four cities of the Mexican Republic.

Method
Survey via Internet with 18 questions about different terms. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis was carried out.

Results
People older than 18 years who were not engaged in health-related professional activities were selected.

Conclusions
Most terms related to end-of-life decisions were found not to be interesting to or understood by a part of the population. The least recognized term was therapeutic obstinacy (62.8%), and the most widely known, palliative care (91%); there was confusion between the terms euthanasia and assisted suicide (47.8%). Age and education level had more influence in the results, than other demographic variables.


Pre-salt oil discoveries in the Santos basin have made it one of the most prospective petroleum provinces in the world. The prospects that these plays provide are not without challenge. Complex geological features and deep targets complicate the exploration and evaluation process. Limited illumination of available narrow-azimuth (NAZ) seismic data further add to the challenge. Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a natural choice to update complex overburdens. The recently proposed formulation by Zhang et al. (2018) provides a reliable approach for the complex geologies of the Santos basin. For deeper updates, waveequation migration velocity analysis (WEMVA) relies on reflections through the wave-equation, making it a potential candidate for salt and pre-salt model updates. While still susceptible to the limitations imposed by NAZ data, Donno et al. (2019) introduced a regularization to reduce some of these adverse effects. Iterating these two flavors of waveequation based inversions, we demonstrate that reasonable velocity updates can be achieved in some of the complex areas of the Santos basin using NAZ data. Salt delineation and scenario testing are still required in some places to improve unresolved areas. Results are promising with a significant uplift in the pre-salt layer.


While the ethos of scribes and the criteria of administrative procedure can easily be reconstructed from the sources, the day-to-day routine of the bureaucracy is much more difficult to grasp. The administrative literature comprises treatises, manuals and expos?s generally written for and by scribes. These texts lay down codes for the ideal bureaucrat and guidelines for a smooth administrative machine. In their descriptions of the vicissitudes of various individuals working within the Abbasid administration, the authors of the chronicles and anthologies provide examples of both incompetent and competent scribes, which, at face value, seem to be based upon genuine observations of historical figures. These texts often formulate the lives and careers of scribes in the form of clich?s to be understood as positive and negative examples of secretaryship. The historical and the administrative texts still contain a wealth of information on the functioning of the bureaucracy under the caliph al-Muqtadir.Keywords:Abbasid administration; administrative literature; al-Muqtadir; bureaucracy; caliph; scribes


Abstract Increasing soil microbial respiration is thought to increase the soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and hence the soil fertility. It was hypothesized that whether N or C rich drivers enhance the SOM decomposition if amended with farmyard manure (FYM). Thus, an experiment was designed using four key drivers i.e. 1) Control (No-amendment), 2) Min-N (urea @ 30 kg N ha−1 as N rich amendment), 3) HA (Humic acid @ of 2.5 kg ha−1 as C rich amendment) and 4) EM (effective microbes @ 200 L Mg−1 FYM as microbial solution). These four key drivers were mixed with different levels of FYM i.e. (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha−1) and were added to 100 g soil in vials. These vials were incubated for 90 days at 25 °C and destructive periodic sampling were made after 1, 3, 15, 30, 45 and 90 days. The mineral N availability was 3 times higher with 20 Mg FYM ha−1 than No-FYM treatment. The degrading order of soil organic carbon (EM > HA > Min-N > control) resulted in soil respiration of the same order. However, the degrading order of TN (EM > Min-N > HA > control) caused positive changes for mineral N availability with EM (31.3‰ day−1) and negative changes with Min-N (257‰ day−1). The mineral N availability last for 45 days with EM and 30 days for HA. According to principle component analysis, EM increased MBC, mineral N, soil respiration and has positive effects for PC-1 (63%) whereas Min-N increased the SOC and TN and has negative effects both for PC1 (63%) and PC-2 (22%). In conclusion, the SOM decomposition increased by Min-N (23%), EM (42%), HA (32%) with increasing FYM level from 0 Mg ha−1 to 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1, respectively. Thus, for C rich driver more FYM should be used than N rich driver for higher SOM decomposition. Highlights The effect of C and N rich amendment on SOM decomposition was studied. No direct addition of C and N drivers on SOM decomposition is yet documented. Increasing manure increased SOM decomposition and hence the soil respiration and mineral N. The increased decomposition of SOM needs more FYM with C rich than N rich driver. Graphical abstract


A direction of arrival estimation technique based on unification of eigenstructure and maximum likelihood estimators is considered. The basic stages of the proposed technique are estimation the number of signals, fast evaluation of the rough initial DOA estimates, and fast accurate definition of the initial ones.


Effect of Project-Based Learning Model Against Physical and Learning Results Critical Thinking Ability of Students SMA 1 Tanete Riaja. The aims of study to determine the results of studying physics and critical thinking ability of students after learning physics using a model of project-based learning and using conventional learning models in SMA egeri 1 Tanete Riaja and to determine differences in learning outcomes physics and critical thinking ability of students using a model of project-based learning and students using conventional learning models in SMA egeri 1 Tanete Riaja. This research is true experimental design with the posttest-only control group design. The sample was X6 with 32 people for experimental class and X7 with 33 people for the control class. Furthermore, based on descriptive analysis of the results obtained studying the experimental class were in the high category, while the control class in the medium category, and critical thinking ability of students experiment class were in the medium category while the control class in the low category. Inferential analysis shows that the data is homogeneous and distributed normally and hypothesis test shows that H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, therefure there is a significant difference between the results of learning and critical thinking ability for students using a model of project-based learning with students using cooperative learning model of STAD.


Reviewing the pre‐ and post‐1970 global environment, the author discusses the implications of changes for international marketers. The discussion is organised around the topical categories of international financial system, international trade patterns, commercial policy, technological changes, and global competition. The author also elaborates on the likely future developments in international marketing.


Chemical bonded anchors(also bonded anchors)are a post-installed technology.There are obvious differences between post-installed technology and cast-in-place technology about their princi-ples or mechanics.Furthermore,current design codes do not contain rational design procedures for these anchors.A behavioral model based on an elastic formulation(energy theory)is developed and assessed in the paper.The reliability of formulation is verified by experimental data.Design recommen-dation for single adhesive anchors is presented,which can give reference to standard of anchors in-stalled in concrete and technical regulations of anchors installed in concrete.


The main objectives of this research are to analyze self-relience of local financial independence and its impact on economic growth on municipalities and cities in the Province of Jambi. The research object is composed of 10 districts and cities in the Province of Jambi. The data of PAD, GDP, TPD, Balance Funds, and Economic Growth are analised by using two approaches. Firstly, data are used to analyse of financial independence ratio (to calculate the ratio of local financial independence) and secondly, utilised simple linear regression analysis with panel data (to analize the influence of local financial independence to economic growth municipalities and cities in the Province of Jambi). Based on data analysis, this study was obtained two conclussio. First, the financial independence of citydan district in Jambi Province during the period of research is still in the very low category with an average percentage below the 10% figure. Second, the results from simple linear regression analysis with panel data approach using fixed effect method found that financial independencehas positive effect on the economic growth of regions and satistically significant (with α :10%). This emprical finding shows that the higher the ratio of local financial independenc, the higher the increasing of economic growth on municipalities and cities in the Province of Jambi. These also explain that economic growth must be supported by an increase in the area of financial independence. Initiative and the willingness and hard work of the local government should be there to increase revenue. In addition, it is also necessary to evaluate the use of matching funds to increase self-relience.


The present invention discloses a recording medium determination device and an image forming apparatus. A method of determining a recording medium by using ultrasonic waves grammage of the recording medium determining apparatus comprising: a transmitting unit configured to output ultrasonic wave having a predetermined frequency; a receiving unit, configured to receive an output from the transmission unit and transmitted through the record an ultrasonic wave medium, and outputting a received signal; calculating unit configured to calculate a period of the received signal in accordance with a signal having a peak component; and a determination unit configured to determine a signal calculated by the calculation means based on the recording medium gram weight.


Transverse rotations of the pelvis, femur, and tibia occur in all normal individuals (Table IV). Inward and outward rotations of the segments are related to weight-bearing. Inward rotation takes place during the phase from minimal weight-bearing to full weight-bearing, and outward rotation occurs du


The present invention is by culturing stem cells derived from the liver and fetal bone marrow in the presence of IL-3 and SCF, a method for obtaining pure pig mast cell cultures. The present invention also relates to a pig mast cell lines derived from the culture.


: I offer a more or less friendly amendment to an influential set of proposals about scientific unification. After clarifying a few preliminary issues, I describe Kenneth Schaffner's "General Reduction-Replacement" model of scientific unification. I then turn to its most recent descendant, the "New Wave" approach to reduction developed by Paul and Patricia Churchland, Clifford Hooker, and John Bickle. Both Schaffner and the New Wave interpret scientific unification very broadly in terms of a continuum from theory reduction to theory replacement. This is good insofar as it goes. But I propose to expand the picture in a way that is more receptive to the role that type irreducible and irreplaceable theories play in a process of partial reduction, specifically, their token reduction. The result is a more comprehensive "Reduction-Reception-Replacement" model of scientific unification. I also suggest a link between token reduction, so understood, and the concept of mechanistic explanation.


This study demonstrates the overall performance and efficiency of a 300-Watt conventional vertical axis wind turbine used for low wind speed regions. The study investigates the increasing of blade tangential velocity by adding a new blade attached to the main blade of the turbine. The new blades called secondary blades which will take the effect of increasing the tangential velocity and hence increasing the rated output power. The new contribution proposed in this study was taken into considerations the optimum position of the secondary blades. The position was taken to be in an overlap location with the main blades under two different configurations (forward and backward). A simulation analysis using ANSYS CFD was proposed in this study to evaluate the tangential velocity and the rotational speed of different cases for the modified vertical axis wind turbine. The range of wind velocities were 3 to 12 m/s in order to cover a reasonable range of wind speed. The variation of power and rotational speed was compared with the power and rotational speed calculated for the conventional wind turbine. The study illustrates the correlations of power and rotational speed of the modified vertical axis wind turbine. The increasing of tangential velocity and output power for the modified turbine under a minimum wind speed of 5 m/s were found to be 16.3% and 34% respectively. Keywords— Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Low Wind Speed Regions


Radiative characteristics of laser-plasma XUV sources are reviewed. The dependence of the main plasma parameters on the heating laser wavelength is discussed, as well as the use of application-specific excimer lasers to generate XUV radiation. A comparison is given with other XUV sources, such as electron storage rings. Examples of the application of normal- incidence multilayer XUV optics, e.g., to collimate the laser-plasma radiation or for projection lithography, are given.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


This research intent to increase activity and student studying result about debit concept. Base observation at the site writer is still less in apply mathematics learning concept at elementary school that is begun from concept, finding formula, analyse, and does reasoning, student feels mathematics learning be hard and many student didn't memorize multiple. This observational form is Observational Action Class. This research result two type data which is activity data studies and result data study. Activity data studies acquired student of observation that at o with quantitative approaching in shaped percentage. While result data studies to be gotten from result essays that executed on each cycle, as compared to KKM learning, to been worked through descriptive. Base analisis data,on cycle I (one) , successful student get more point and equal to 70 just 9 person of 17 students or 52,94 %, with yielding average value studies 65,29. On cycle II (two) experiences step-up,student that gets to above assess or equal to 70 have 16 person or 94,11 % by appreciative average usufructs to study 85,29 and student activity of 47% rise become 88%. Conclusion, with demonstration method   can increase activity and studying result about student debit concept VI class SD Country 19 Kampung Jawa


In Thousand Plateaus (1980), Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze draw on ethology (the study of animal behaviour) and biosemiotics to explain the continuity between animal and human rituals: how rituals are used to control and redirect aggression, mark and protect territory. The philosophers refer to the experiments of the German psychiatrist Wolfgang Blankenburg, who treated schizophrenic patients by teaching them Baroque dances in which the distance between dancers is particularly important. The article traces parallels between these theoretical conceptions of baroque dances and the practical methods of "The New York Baroque Dance Company", which since the 1970s seeks to reconstruct dances and ballet techniques of the 17th and 18th centuries.


The work is aimed to develop a strategy for controlling general multi-objective functions using a cluster control method. A set of multiple quadratic objective functions is described as a set of clusters, in which each cluster represents a particular objective function. The proposed clustering method will thus allow a simple control procedure since only the associated cluster needs to be controlled. This general cluster control method can be used for a variety of vibration and structural-acoustic control, such as for vibration or acoustic control at varying locations yielding a multiobjective control problem. An optimisation procedure is developed to simultaneously determine the locations of sensors used and the clustering parameter. A case study on a structural-acoustic system is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cluster-control method to target the sound power contributed by a particular set of structural modes. INTRODUCTION When a structure vibrates in an acoustic medium, it radiates sound, which at times need to be controlled either by passive or active means. Studies on the structural sound radiation and on how to control the sound radiation have been performed intensively, such as the work in (Dimitriadis and Fuller 1992; Clark and Fuller 1991; Elliot and Johnson 1993, Burgan et al. 2002, Fuller et al 1992, Wallace 1972), just to name a few. Of a particular interest in this work is the implementation of cluster control for structural acoustic control proposed by Tanaka and Snyder (2002). The cluster control can be obtained by clustering/grouping structural modes with the same properties. The cluster control proposed is considered to be a 'middle authority control' that has the stability and control law simplicity of 'low authority control' (such as direct velocity feedback), and with the high control performance similar to 'high authority control' (such as the optimal and robust control) (Tanaka and Snyder 2002). However, this work and other closely related work such as (Elliot and Johnson 1993, Snyder and Tanaka 1993) have generally been in the area of structural-sound radiation control, and not in more general vibration or structural-acoustic areas. Thus, the work in this paper would look into generalising the cluster control method to deal with a generic quadratic objective function commonly used for vibration and structuralacoustic control purposes. In this case, the locations of collocated sensors/actuators as well as the clustering parameter will be optimised so multiple quadratic objective functions can be represented by multiple clusters. Since each objective function can be represented by a cluster, it would be relatively straightforward to control this particular objective function by controlling the associated cluster. CLUSTERING METHOD FOR MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS In active control of structural-acoustic systems, one generally needs to define an objective function which describes the performance criteria to be minimised by active control. This objective function may be in the form of the sound power radiated by a vibrating panel structure or the vibration energy of the panel, usually in a quadratic form. In this work, however, a combination of objective functions, instead of a single objective function commonly used, will be investigated by clustering vibration/acoustic measurements obtained from structural/acoustic sensors used. Each objective function can be clustered separately so each cluster control can target each particular objective function by utilising the same set of sensors. This multi-objective approach will be useful when one deals with minimising a number of objective functions during the control operation, such as to dynamically change the locations of zones of quiet. The task is to represent each objective function by a number of clusters, whose number depends on how accurate the objective function will be represented by the clusters. For practical purposes, it may be sufficient to use less number of clusters to represent the objective function so less complex controller can be used. Let L to be the number of objective functions of interest, this work consider the l-th objective function that can be estimated by: l l l l v α v ~ ) ( ~ J H ω = (1) where l l v α ~ ), (ω respectively represent a diagonal positive definite matrix that may be frequency dependent, and a vector consisting a number of cluster amplitudes. Suppose one utilises a set of K sensors whose outputs are contained in vector v , the cluster vector can be obtained from: v T v l l = ~ (2) Note that for each objective function, the same set of sensors is used together with the appropriate clustering matrix l T . Also: v G T v ) ( ~ r l l = (3) 20-22 November 2006, Christchurch, New Zealand Proceedings of ACOUSTICS 2006 38 Acoustics 2006 where G r,v, are the locations of K sensors in the structuralacoustic system, the modal amplitude vector, and the appropriate transfer matrix relating the sensor outputs to the modal amplitudes respectively. Then, the cluster vector can be expressed by a linear combination of each sensor output k v :


There is little research that has examined cyberbullying among children under the age of 11years. The current study explored the nature and extent of the phenomenon among primary school children aged 7- to 11-years-old (N = 220; 116 boys and 104 girls) and investigated their perceptions of the distress caused to victims, how victims would feel, and their recommendations to victims for coping strategies. Participants completed a modified version of Ortega, Calmaestra, and Mora-Merchán's (2007) and Smith et al.'s (2008a) bullying and cyberbullying questionnaire. The results indicated that cyberbullying is used and experienced by some children in this age group, with some age and gender differences in these experiences. Cyberbullying is generally viewed negatively and children are aware that it may have a negative impact on the emotions of victims. There is some overlap between involvement in cyberbullying and traditional bullying; with children most likely to take the same role (i.e., traditional bully and cyberbully or traditional victim and cybervictim) across the two settings. The most commonly endorsed coping strategy for victims was to tell someone, which is in line with government guidance to schools. The findings are discussed in relation to research with secondary school pupils as well as addressing potential implications for interventions with this age group.


The computer-based cell and study of tissue plays a vital role in medical informatics, however, there is a increase in recognition since the advancement in hardware. A ten years ago this process started, and from that time, it has been a vital research field in healthcare informatics.The ultimate aim of this work is to design and implement a new technique, which can minimize the time taken for detecting prognostic factors of oesophageal cancer and helping the pathologists and specialists. The principal purpose of this software is to detect Barrett's oesophagus as it has a firm association with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The digital slides from virtual microscopes helps in the detection. This proposed method will reduce the processing time and improves accuracy in detecting goblet cell. The algorithms used in this system are Contourlet Transform-Decomposition, and Gray-Level Co-Occurance Matrix (GLCM) - Feature Extraction. A matrix describing the frequency of one gray level appearing in a specified spatial linear relationship with another gray level within the stipulated area of investigation is GLCM. Therefore, the co occurrence matrix is executed based on two components that is, the relative distance between the pixel pair and its relative orientation


1. Advancing East Asian regionalism: an introduction Melissa G. Curley and Nicholas Thomas 2. Theorising East Asian regionalism(s): new regionalism and Asia's future(s) Shaun Breslin 3. The Development of ASEAN+3 framework Akihiko Tanaka 4. Building a Northeast Asian community: a multilateral security approach Shin-Wha Lee and Hyun Myoung Jae 5. The ASEAN regional forum and security regionalism: comparing Chinese and American positions Evelyn Goh and Amitav Acharya 6. Financial cooperation and domestic political economy in East Asia Natasha Hamilton-Hart 7. Developing a regional economic community in East Asia Nicholas Thomas 8. Regionalism beyond an elite project: the challenge of building responsive sub-regional economic communities Jenina Joy Chavez 9. The role of civil society in East Asian region-building Melissa G. Curley 10. Problems and prospects for regional environment cooperation in East Asia Miranda A. Schreurs 11. Conclusion - Regionalism and Community Building in East Asia: Challenges and Opportunities Aileen San Pablo-Baviera


Abstract Since the inception of the silver salted paper print, its problems have always lain in the fixing — rather than the recording — of the image. The light-sensitive material is 'photogenic drawing paper', so-named by William Henry Fox Talbot, who discovered in June 1834 that the sensitivity to light was higher when the ratio for combining silver nitrate and sodium chloride (common salt) was deficient in the halide.1 The corollary to this observation, mutatis mutandis, was that excess halide should greatly suppress the sensitivity. This proved so, providing Talbot with the first methods of fixing silver photographs by means of strong solutions of sodium chloride or potassium iodide.2 Neither fixing treatment, however, secured a completely stable result: in daylight, the palest tones of chloride-fixed silver images tended to acquire a purplishgrey or lavender-coloured fog of photolytic silver,3 which could eventually obliterate details of the image; conversely, in iodide-fixed photographs the mid-tone details tended to fade to the uniform primrose-yellow colour of silver iodide.4 These disadvantages were overcome in January 1839 by Sir John Herschel's invention of 'hypo' fixation,5 using a solution of sodium thiosulphate (then called 'hyposulphite of soda'), which is capable of completely dissolving the unreacted, water-insoluble silver chloride. In presenting this solution, Herschel was drawing on his pre-photographic chemical discoveries of 1819, published in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal.6


This study evaluates the implementation of Balanced Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (BCLAHE) for infrared images (IR) on an embedded platform. The aim was to achieve real time performance for the operator display target application. The system configured for this aim is a dual processor media application device OMAP3530, which consists of an ARM and a DSP processor. System is configured so that hardware sources are used efficiently and various performance improvement techniques are investigated. Performance analysis is done over IR images with different dynamic range.


In this study, an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated through selective laser melting (SLM) was subjected to a single-stage heat-treatment process and a two-stage heat-treatment process to determine the effect of heat treatment on the tensile properties and fatigue properties of the alloy at room temperature and high temperatures. The results indicated that heat treatment caused the precipitation of Al3(Sc, Zr), thus increasing the tensile strength. The dynamic strain aging of the SLM Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy disappeared as the tensile temperature increased. The alloy exhibited the highest tensile strength after it was subjected to the single-stage heat treatment at both room temperature and high temperatures owing to the precipitated phase distribution at the melting pool boundaries. However, fatigue resistance and high-temperature necking of the as-printed SLM Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy were problems that could not be resolved with the single-stage heat treatment. In the two-stage heat treatment, the precipitated phases exhibited a uniform distribution in the matrix, thereby reducing the high-temperature necking phenomenon. The two-stage heat treatment helped reduce the melting pool interface effect and strengthen the matrix, restricting the propagation of fatigue cracks and increasing the fatigue life of materials.


612 Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARD) is a common condition in which the atheroscle‐ rotic narrowing of renal arteries may lead to renin‐dependent hypertension, progressive re‐ nal dysfunction, and/or recurrent pulmonary edema.1 It typically occurs in high‐risk patients with coexistent vascular disease elsewhere.2 Con‐ sequently, most patients with ARD are likely to die from coronary heart disease or stroke before end‐stage renal failure occurs. The incidence of re‐ nal artery thrombosis is less than 1% per year.3,4 The risk of chronic renal replacement therapy is 18 times lower than that of a major cardiovascu‐ lar event.5‐7 Stenting aims at reducing blood pressure (BP), stabilizing or improving renal function, and pre‐ venting cardiovascular and renal events in pa‐ tients with ARD. Controlled trials comparing medication plus stenting to medication alone, medication plus surgery, or medication plus an‐ gioplasty without stenting provided disappoint‐ ing results (TABLE).8‐11 Most patients undergoing stenting to treat hypertension associated with ARD, still require antihypertensive agents after the procedure because the reduction in BP follow‐ ing stenting is modest, and because several anti‐ hypertensive agents, such as renin‐angiotensin antagonists or β‐blockers, are needed to prevent cardiovascular and renal events even in patients with normalized BP. Two recent trials compared renal outcome in ARD patients provided with medication plus stenting with that in ARD pa‐ tients supplied with medication alone.11,12 Their results have shown that stenting does not pre‐ serve renal function. Improvements in revascu‐ larization techniques did not alter BP or renal outcomes of angioplasty. Compared with angio‐ plasty alone, angioplasty plus stenting improved renal artery patency but did not improve BP con‐ trol or renal function.8 Compared with stenting alone, stenting plus protection devices and intra‐ venous platelet inhibition did not improve renal function.9 The main explanation for these neg‐ ative results is that ARD involves downstream renal parenchymal lesions that cannot be im‐ proved by revascularization.13 A trial comparing the effects of medication alone (including an an‐ giotensin II receptor antagonist) and medication plus renal artery stenting on cardiovascular out‐ comes is currently underway.14 Stenting for ARD does not improve BP and kidney function better than medical treatment. Besides, it is associated with frequent compli‐ cations. Thirty‐one of the 226 stented patients (13.7%) in the trials summarized in the TABLE suf‐ fered major complications as defined by current criteria.15 Stable patients with ARD should be treated first with medical management.16 Avail‐ able trials did not include unstable patients with uncontrollable hypertension or with pulmonary edema. It is therefore possible, yet unproved, that renal artery stenting is useful in patients with ARD and refractory hypertension or heart fail‐ ure, or that it is preferable to abstention in ARD patients given a renin‐angiotensin antagonist. With or without revascularization, medical ther‐ apy using hypolipidemic and antiplatelet agents and renin‐angiotensin antagonists7 is required for the prevention of renal and cardiovascular events in patients with ARD. EDITORIAL


As used imprint lithography process, the orientation and gap between the template and the substrate is a method of measuring with high accuracy are described. Gap and orientation measuring method shown herein, measurement techniques based broadband light is used.


after anaemia, in this study. immediately after and with the tap water. The morphometric determines were performed using standard technique which includes palcenta weight, number of cotyledons, maternal and fetal surface area and site of umbilical cord insertion. The weights of new borns were also recorded immediately after delivery. Statistical Analysis: Values of placental weight, number of cotyledons, maternal and fetal surface area were expressed in Mean± Standard deviation and the site of umbilical cord insertion was expressed in percentage. Students t-test was performed to compare the variable. Results: In the present study, the mean birth weight of normal and low Placental morphometry determines the foetal development and adulthood disease pattern. Hence, in the present study the influence of placental weight, volume, surface area, and thickness were studied in different groups of birth weight by sex of the newborn. A baby's low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) or due to restricted foetal (intrauterine) growth. Low birthweight is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development,and chronic diseases later in life. Totally, 300 patients were examined after delivery from the pregnant women of age group between 20 and 35 years. The placenta morphometry study namely placental weight (409 ± 59), number of cotyledons ( 12±4), maternal (152±43) and fetal (159±39) surface area and insertion of umbilical cord at centre (4.8%) of low birth weight babies were significantly (p<0.001) reduced when compared with normal birth weight babies placental weight (573±70), number of cotyledons (16±5), maternal (251±44) and fetal (248±46) surface area, insertion of umbilical cord at centre (69%). An early examination of not only the foetus, but also the placenta by non invasive techniques like uitrasonography will be helpful to predict and avoid low birth weight babies with better preventive measures. This study will also make the physicians and researcher to focus on the placenta. The findings suggest that chronic ischemia and associated secondary changes probably lead to improper perfusion and LBWB.


With the development of ARKit and ARCore, mobile Augmented Reality (AR) applications have become popular. Our ARCalVR is a lightweight, open-source software environment to develop AR applications on Android devices, and it gives the programmer full control over the phone's resources. With ARCalVR, one can do 60fps marker-less AR on Android devices, including functionalities of more complex environment understanding, physical simulation, virtual object interaction and interaction between virtual objects and real environment.


We have been studied a finite asymmetric metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure on glass plate for near-future visible light communication (VLC) system with white LED illuminations in the living space (DOI: 10.1117/12.929201). The metal layers are vacuum-evaporated thin silver (Ag) films (around 50 nm and 200 nm, respectively), and the insulator layer (around 150 nm) is composed of magnesium fluoride (MgF2). A characteristic narrow band filtering of the MIM structure at visible region might cause a confinement of intense surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at specific monochromatic frequency inside a subwavelength insulator layer of the MIM structure. Central wavelength and depth of such absorption dip in flat spectral reflectance curve is controlled by changing thicknesses of both insulator and thinner metal layers. On the other hand, we have proposed a twin-hole pass-through wave guide for SPPs in thick Ag film (DOI: 10.1117/12.863587). At that time, the twin-hole converted a incoming plane light wave into a pair of channel plasmon polaritons (CPPs), and united them at rear surface of the Ag film. This research is having an eye to extract, guide, and focus the SPPs through a thicker metal layer of the MIM with FIBed subwavelength pass-through holes. The expected outcome is a creation of noble, monochromatic, and tunable fiber probe for scanning near-field optical microscopes (SNOMs) with intense white light sources. Basic experimental and FEM simulation results will be presented.


In the simplest situation, (below) with a terminal sire and low cost feed, the gross value of this extra weight would carry through virtually to a net benefit. Depending on how heavily the bull will be used, you could pay an extra $60 (example A) to $100 (example B, table 1) per kg of EBV that a bull is above breed average. Let's take $70 as a conservative value, also allowing for such things as servicing the extra capital involved. .


The current demand for policing alternatives has never been higher. In Canada, police services are increasingly exploring these alternatives to address this demand. In 2021, the Saskatoon Police Service (SPS), in collaboration with the city of Saskatoon, university partners, and numerous community stakeholders, introduced an alternative response officer (ARO). The ARO is a special constable, meaning that they are sworn in as a peace officer, but are tasked with addressing community safety concerns that do not require an armed officer to attend. SPS introduced the ARO in the downtown area of Saskatoon with the intent to increase interoperability with other community service providers, increase uniformed presence in the area to act as reassurance and deterrence, and to decrease the need for armed officers to attend low-level social disorder or social welfare calls. Using activity counts and calls for service data, this study examines the implementation and early outcomes of policing alternatives for community support and policing resource management. This study has implications for investing and expanding policing alternatives and reducing policing costs to municipalities.


The reasons for the underrepresentation of women in entrepreneurship are not well understood. More importantly, the question of how work-family policies shape women's entrepreneurship remains unexplored. This paper examines the effect of access to affordable child care on women's entrepreneurship. Using the first universal child care program in China, I find that an institution with a more accessible child care system significantly increases the number of female entrepreneurs without influencing the number of male entrepreneurs. This finding indicates that family-friendly policies may close the gender gap in entrepreneurial activity. Policies that seek to stimulate female entrepreneurship should be coordinated with work-family programs.


operate a strict non-prescribing policy. A significant proportion of our notifications were provided by "¿ non-statutory― sources such as voluntary agencies and drug users themselves. Although multisource enumeration methods are expensive and time consuming, they demonstrate the independence of different sources of information. The value of indi vidual sources for continued monitoring varies from place to place and from time to time, according to patterns of local service provision and the views of the users themselves about the value of the different agencies. Local knowledge is vital for making choices about which agencies reflect trends most accurately, and choices may need to be revised as patterns of service use change over time.


Globally, there have been differing views on whether the proliferation of invasive species will be of benefit as a livestock feed source or it will have detrimental effects on the ecosystem. The infestation of invasive plants such as Prosopis species does not only affect the groundwater levels but also threatens the grazing capacity and species richness of most of the semi-arid areas around South Africa. Though Prosopis is invasive, it is however of good nutritive value and can serve as an alternative source of protein and minerals for livestock during the dry season. Bush encroachment by browsable invasive species can be controlled through biological methods by using organisms such as livestock. The utilisation of Prosopis through browse benefits livestock production and at the same time reduces its spread, thereby preventing possible environmental harm that may arise. Although several studies have been carried out globally on the assessment of the Prosopis species' nutritive value and also on the threat of this invasive species to the environment, there is a need to update the state of knowledge on this species, particularly in the context of the semi-arid areas of South Africa where the dry season is characterised by less herbage of poor quality. It is therefore critical to understand whether Prosopis is a beneficial invader, or a detriment that needs to be eradicated. This review will contribute knowledge towards finding practical solutions to controlling Prosopis species and whether utilising Prosopis as a feed source will limit its spread and result in a vegetation structure where Prosopis becomes part of the ecosystem with limited detrimental impact. This means that the several components of the species such as nutritive value and the negative impact associated with this plant species along with the means to control its spreading must be well understood to recognise the plant species' vital contribution to the ecosystem.


It can be seen from the criticality control viewpoint that the requirement divides the decommissioning work into two parts. One is the present condition where it is requested to prevent criticality and to monitor subcritical condition while the debris is untouched. The other is future work where the subcritical condition shall be ensured even if the debris condition is changed intentionally by raising water level, debris retrieval, etc. Repair of damages on the containment vessel (CV) walls is one of the most important objectives at present in the site. On completion of this task, it will become possible to raise water levels in the CVs and to shield the extremely high radiation emitted from the debris but there is a dilemma: raising the water level in the CVs implies to bring the debris closer to criticality because of the role of water for slowing down neutrons. This may be solved if the coolant water will start circulating in closed loops, and if a sufficient concentration of soluble neutron poison (borated water for instance) will be introduced in the loop. It should be still noted that this solution has a risk of worsening corrosion of the CV walls. Design of themore » retrieval operation of debris should be proposed as early as possible, which must include a neutron poison concentration required to ensure that the debris chunk is subcritical. In parallel, the development of the measurement system to monitor subcritical condition of the debris chunk should be conducted in case the borated water cannot be used continuously. The system would be based on a neutron counter with a high sensitivity and an appropriate shield for gamma-rays, and the adequate statistical signal processing.« less


This chapter, "An Athenian Interlude," analyzes a major turning point in Callas's life associated with her move, at age thirteen, from New York City to Athens. In Athens, she experienced poverty, personal humiliation, and, during the World War II years, threats to her life. But her singing benefited from the strong mentorship she received from Elvira de Hidalgo, which helped launch her operatic career. Callas's success as a singer with the Greek National Opera fueled resentment among her older and more established colleagues who envied her talent and resented being dethroned by a mere teenager who spoke Greek with an American accent. Poverty and conflicted relations at home with her mother and sister failed to compensate Callas for hostility at work. A significant gain in weight further undermined her self-confidence. Her experiences during the seven years spent in Athens exacerbated the split between Callas, the self-assured artist, and Maria, the vulnerable young woman.


Archachatina marginata, a mollusk, is highly prized as food in Africa and Asia, and is a vector of parasites and defoliators. The environments where the snails thrive are highly contaminated with heavy metals through various anthropogenic activities. Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) in A. marginata (parasite infected and uninfected) and its parasites were assessed from three communities (Ugbogui, Ugo and Okogbo) in Edo State to check the pollution status. Samples of snail were collected, cracked and parasites were isolated from the samples using standard methods. The isolated parasites and the snail samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The parasite isolated from the infected snail was identified as nematode (Rhabditis axei). The mean concentration of Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co ranged 38.61 – 70.49mg/kg, 9.09 – 16.58mg/kg, 5.09 – 8.90mg/kg, 4.10 – 7.48mg/kg, 0.39 – 0.71mg/kg, 0.19 – 0.35mg/kg and 0.04 – 0.07mg/kg respectively in infected snail; 14.94 – 28.45mg/kg, 3.26 – 5.96mg/kg, 2.85 -4.79mg/kg, 1.47 – 2.69mg/kg, 0.14 – 0.26mg/kg, 0.07 – 0.13mg/kg and 0.03 – 0.05mg/kg respectively in uninfected snail tissues; 11.34 – 27.61mg/kg, 1.17 – 1.92mg/kg, 1.73 – 4.89mg/kg, 0.51 – 0.87mg/kg, 0.05 – 0.08mg/kg, 0.03 – 0.04mg/kg and 0.04 – 0.05mg/kg respectively in parasite. The result from this study showed that the accumulation of heavy metals was parasites <Uninfected snail tissues<Infected snail tissues. The levels of the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) in the samples of A. marginata collected from the communities exceeded the maximum permissible limits and consumption of these contaminated snails could pose potential health risks to humans. It is therefore necessary to continuously monitor heavy metal content in snails to check the pollution status and the possible health risk associated with consumption.


A method is proposed for measuring the microhardness of fragile materials that permit obtaining the true microhardness values. Using this method the regular change in microhardness was ascertained from the composition in the InAs--InP system, the alloys of which are fragile. At the same time the general laws of change in the physicomechanical properties as functions of the composition were confirmed for fragile materials. (auth)


Objective To discuss the anesthesia effect and safety of small dose remifentanil during thyroid operation.Methods 60 cases of ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ grade patient were divided into two groups.R group was given 0.1 μg/kg.min intravenously and then 0.01 ug/kg.min after 5 min,then the local anesthesia and operation were performed.F group was given fentanyl and droperidol twice.Results The HR,MAP of every time interval had no difference before and after anesthesia in R group and those were significant difference compared with F group(P0.05).The VAS score was 1.5~2.4 Remesay score was 2.5~3.2 in R group.Conclusion The small dose remifentanil might have good effect.


The present invention discloses a microwave-system pyrolysis bio-oils and activated carbon, including microwave pyrolysis reactor, cyclones, condensers, storage silos coke, microwave activation reactor, a gas burner, activated carbon and nitrogen occurs cooling tower ; a microwave pyrolysis reactor through a line connected to the cyclone air outlet and a condenser connected to the top of the cyclone, the cyclone and the bottom of the storage bin connected to the coke; coke bottom storage bin with microwave activation reactor contents inlet connection, microwave activation material outlet connected to the reactor through the inlet conduit of the cooling tower with the activated carbon, the microwave activation outlet connected to the reactor through a line to the intake line burner; through a condenser gas outlet line to the combustion is connected, the outlet conduit of the burner is divided into two parts, one connected to the microwave activation reactor, the other path to the microwave pyrolysis reactor fluidizing gas and spouting pipe connections; activated carbon tower and a nitrogen gas inlet tube Road connected, via outlet conduit and inlet conduit of the spout and the air, the cooling tower of activated carbon material outlet provided at the bottom. The high biomass pyrolysis system substance, bio-oil can be obtained in high yield and high-quality activated carbon product, has good application prospect.


We present chemical evolution models for metal poor galaxies and for the Galaxy using the usual notation X , Y and Z to represent the hydrogen, helium and heavy elements abundances by mass, respectively. Based on these models we study the increase of helium, ∆Y , as a function of the increase of C, O, Fe, and Z by mass. We compare our models with H ii regions observations in metal poor galaxies and find that ∆Y/∆O = 3.3± 0.7, and that this relationship can be used to determine the primordial helium abundance Yp. We compare our models for the Galaxy with the solar and Galactic H ii regions abundances considering the time since the Sun was formed and the presence of gravitational settling and diffusion that might affect the solar atmospheric composition. The solar and Orion nebula O/H values are in good agreement if the presence of temperature variations in the Orion nebula is taken into account. Similarly the ∆Y/∆O ratio predicted from the galactic chemical evolution model is in agreement with the ∆Y/∆O value derived for M17 taking into account the presence of temperature variations in this H ii region. We present also an equation for the increase of Y with O during the chemical evolution of the Galaxy that can provide the initial Y and O values for a set of stellar evolution models, this equation is practically independent of infalls, outflows or the star formation history. Subject headings: galaxies: abundances—galaxies: evolution—H ii regions— ISM: abundances —ISM: individual: M17, Orion nebula—Sun: abundances


Providing tailored support to help patients self manage their asthma, including a personalised action plan, education, and regular review, improves asthma control and quality of life and reduces unscheduled consultations and hospital visits, a large review has found.1

Guidelines published over the past 25 years have unequivocally recommended that people with asthma should be given self management education and plans. But research has shown that only a minority of asthma patients …