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"Another great experience!!! Fast and painless root canal." – Melissa B
"This was my 5th visit to Grand Smile Dental and I can tell you that I have NEVER felt as comfortable and cared for by a doctor and staff as I have there. For someone who absolutely feared dentists and had not been to one in over 20 years, I have had an extraction, general and deep cleanings, and fillings. My only problem is that I feel so comfortable there that as soon as I hit the chair I start to nod off… even while my mouth is being worked on! I cant say enough positive things about Dr. Alexandra and her entire staff. I don't know if there is still time, but if there is, I would encourage everyone to please bring in several canned or dry food products to Dr. Alexandra's office; she is collecting food to donate to needy families for the upcoming holidays. If that doesn't say something about the type of person she is, nothing does. Do yourself a favor when you need dental care and only go to Grand Smile." – Joseph B
"From the moment you walk into Grand Smile you know that this place is different from any other dentist's office you have been to. First of all, the place is immaculate. You can eat off the floors. The front desk staff is warm and welcoming, a great thing for a chicken like me! Their demeanor set me at ease. I had not been to a dentist in almost 20 years after an extremely bad experience (I woke up in the midst of oral surgery due to a miscalculation in the amount of anesthesia needed for the procedure). I walked into Grand Dental ashamed of my teeth and my oral hygiene in general. Dr. Khaimov, and her entire staff, were so non-judgmental of the poor care I had taken of my teeth, but instead focused on how they could relieve the pain I was in and work with me to develop a treatment plan that would get me back on the road to excellent oral health. Being a diabetic and cardiac patient, poor oral health puts me at greater risk of future heart and diabetic issues. I was in the office over 2 hours, had my teeth cleaned and Dr.Khaimov extracted the tooth that was causing me so much pain. I left with a treatment plan in hand that includes everything needed for me to be able to smile without shame. As a matter of fact, by the time I left, I felt no shame whatsoever. Dr.Khaimov and her staff made me put my shame behind me and instead focus on the future and the right decision I made to start taking care of my teeth. I'm actually looking forward to returning next week to start the necessary work. Even after only one visit, I would HIGHLY recommend Dr.Khaimov to anyone in need of dental care. She is the kindest, warmest, and most compassionate and understanding dentist I have ever met. Dr.Khaimov, I thank you from the bottom of my heart for changing my outlook on oral health and dentists." – Anonymous
"I love the technology integration in the office, which ultimately translates into a more efficient and value adding process for the customer.
Good job from both an office environment and service quality perspective.
Keep up the good work." – Edmir P
"I went in for a cleaning and it was certainly one of the most pleasant medical visits I have had. The facility is clean and the atmosphere is friendly and peaceful. When the dental hygienist attended to me, she asked important background questions and was on top of her game. My cleaning was thorough and my experience with the doctor was informative and fantastically professional. I just wish I had come here sooner." – Robert A
"We love our dentist. Dr. Alexandra has been my son's dentist since he was 4 and is now our family dentist. She did an awesome job with my son's teeth. Great staff too!" – Charisma S
"Dr Khaimov is just a fantastic Dentist in every way! She will get right to the point and tell you what is wrong and fix it without a lot of nonsense! There are people from all over the Metropolitan area that come to this Dentist!! But fear not! Her office staff is one of the best and spread these appointments out so that there is never a long wait! If you have a fear of the Dentist you will get over it as soon as you arrive here!!! This is a place where everyone knows what they are doing and you will see as soon as you get here! I can't tell you how happy I am to have found this wonderful Dentist and Staff!!!" – Preston M
"Dr. Khaimov is a caring professional who takes the time to explain procedures to her patients. I have recommended her to people, and have always had positive feedback about her and her staff." – Carlos B
"Dr. Khaimov is professional and friendly. I always know that I am in good hands regardless of whether it's a cleaning or a dental issue. The other people who work in the office are always nice and accommodating." – Yevgeniya D


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The Shamrock Club of Columbus Irish Music Festival is a yearly tradition, going back as far as the oldest rocks that have been found near the earth's core. And we'll be playing there! Come listen to the us and the other fine Irish bands that Columbus has to offer, including our sister band, The Kells!
The Shamrock Club of Columbus is a Not-for-Profit Social Organization founded in 1936 to organize and sponsor the annual Patrick's Day Parade in Columbus, Ohio. The annual parade and the Club have grown since it was first started and we currently we have over 2,400 members.
The Shamrock Club sponsors live Irish music in the pub, dart leagues, progressive euchre nights, and much more. Members enjoy community events, special events, annual events, and many friendships.
The Shamrock Club provides members a wide range of events and activities. Many of these activities are family friendly with the playground and shelter house on the club's spacious grounds.
The most important of these club sponsored events is the annual St. Patrick's Day celebration on March 17th (whether it is a week day or if it falls on a weekend). The Feast of St. Patrick is celebrated each year by the Shamrock Club with a Procession to Mass, Mass, Parade, and the annual Irish Family Reunion.

subset: commoncrawl


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work Business & Contracts
With real-world business knowledge and years of legal experience, I can help you protect your business.
Protect my business >
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As a former tech entrepreneur, I have the legal knowledge and practical expertise to help you build your business.
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Whether it's a minor misdemeanor or more serious felony conviction, I will fight for your rights and interests.
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When you are facing a legal matter, whether you are –
- work Starting a or building a business
- description Developing an estate plan
- account_balance Facing a traffic ticket or criminal charge
You need focused and informed legal guidance that helps you manage your situation and make informed decisions.
I am an entrepreneur and attorney. I worked for multiple tech and telecommunications companies that were startups, but still have the experience of the Fortune 500. If you have a new idea and do not know where to start, I will provide you the legal tools you need to proceed with your goals and plans successfully.
Even though I bring my years of experience as a businessman and tech entrepreneur to my practice, I do not lose sight of those stuck in misgiving and fear. Navigating the traffic court or the criminal law system is not an experience anyone savors, but I strive to give you the compassion and assistance you deserve, and empower you with the right information to make an informed decision.
Protecting your estate or establishing business succession planning also removes uncertainty in your life. If you are concerned about how your property and estates are managed after you pass or to ensure your healthcare decisions are followed if you are unable to make decisions, I can draft wills, trusts, assist you with transferring assets with Missouri's powerful Transfer on Death options and even ensure you have appropriate advance directives to protect your wishes at the end of your life.
My law firm is based in Lake Saint Louis, Missouri and serves St. Charles, Wentzville, O'Fallon, Chesterfield, Troy, Wright City and other communities within Missouri. Contact my office today to schedule a consultation and reduce the impacts of your current legal situations.


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Teenage hackers Jake Davis (a.k.a. Topiary) and Ryan Cleary have both pleaded guilty to charges connected to attacks on the Web sites of the CIA, Sony, PBS, the UK's Serious Organized Crime Agency (SOCA) and many others.
"Davis, who under his 'Topiary' handle became the LulzSec group's [principal] spokesperson from his base in the Shetland Islands, admitted to two of the four charges against him, including his involvement in the attack on SOCA's website," writes Sophos' Graham Cluley. "Cleary admitted to six of eight charges against him, including attacking CIA and US Air Force computers based at the Pentagon."
"However, Cleary and Davis denied they had posted 'unlawfully obtained confidential computer data' to various public websites, including The Pirate Bay and Pastebin.com," writes TNW's Matt Brian.
"Cleary and Davis were both members of Lulz Security, or 'LulzSec,' which ran a 50-day hacking campaign in 2011," writes Ars Technica's Peter Bright. "The group, broadly affiliated with Anonymous, hacked some servers, took others offline with distributed denial-of-service attacks, and published large quantities of personal information including usernames, passwords, and e-mails. Ryan Cleary was arrested for his participation in June 2011. Shortly after, Jake Davis was also arrested."https://o1.qnsr.com/log/p.gif?;n=203;c=204660766;s=9477;x=7936;f=201812281312070;u=j;z=TIMESTAMP;a=20392931;e=i
"Alleged co-hackers Ryan Ackroyd, 25, and a 17-year-old A-level student, from south London, deny their involvement in the DDoS attacks and will stand trial on April 8, 2013," writes Mail Online's Damien Gayle.
"All four defendants denied two counts of encouraging or assisting others to commit computer offenses and fraud," writes TG Daily's Trent Nouveau.


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Dynamic Jazz Singer Melissa Morgan Announces Bay Area Summer Performances at 7 Mile House
Dynamic Jazz Singer Melissa Morgan Announces
Bay Area Summer Performances at 7 Mile House
Historic Venue To Host Morgan May - August
Wednesday, May 4, 2016, BRISBANE, CA - The historic 7 Mile House has quickly become a haven for world class jazz musicians in the SF/Bay Area and is bringing the next generation to the stage with the soulful sounds of up-and-coming jazz singer, Melissa Morgan <http://www.mtv.com/artists/melissa-morgan-2/biography/>. Having recorded with the likes of Grammy Award nominee trumpeter, Christian Scott, and Morgan's recent signing onto the award-winning label, Big Noise <http://www.bignoisenow.com/melissamorgan.html>, catching Morgan croon in an intimate space will be a summer destination for jazz aficionados. All four powerful shows fall on a Tuesday and are scheduled on May 31st, June 28th, July 26th, and August 16th, beginning at 7pm.
"It is so empowering to have a champion show up to say, 'I believe in you, I support you and I want you to shine,'" shares Morgan. "Vanessa Garcia has certainly been a champion for me in the Bay Area and attracts only warm audiences who love her food and the music. 7 Mile is truly a jazz house that feels like home."
"Melissa is blessed with the voice of a blues siren and the presence of a jazz diva. She's a perfect fit for 7 Mile House's weekly jazz program, which has been drawing the best of the Bay Area's jazz masters, as well as younger performers and audiences of all ages. It's a reminder of how timeless good music is." -Jeff Kaliss, music writer and 7 Mile House Jazz Ambassador.
7 Mile House's Jazz Program is nine years strong and is continuously growing with a repertoire of notable Bay Area veteran artists who are featured three times a week, including Vince Lateano, Al Molina, Dave Bendigkeit and Andrew Speight. The venue recently launched a Jazz Appreciation Club, giving members exclusive perks and priority seating during jazz shows. 7 Mile House is a unique Bay Area experience for locals and travellers alike, and is becoming known for bringing world class jazz artists into its intimate setting (conveniently located in between downtown San Francisco and SFO International Airport, off the 101 Freeway).
Event Details:
Melissa Morgan Residency - May 31st, June 28th, July 26th, August 16th (All fall on a Tuesday)
Show begins 7pm - 10pm
Admission - Free (*Reservations recommended)
7 Mile House
2800 Bayshore Blvd.
Brisbane, CA 94005
www.7milehouse.com @7milehouse
About 7 Mile House: Established in 1853, the historic 7 Mile House is a family and dog-friendly restaurant, sports bar, and live music venue, serving a unique mix of homestyle Italian, American, and Filipino food. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area for over 160 years, 7 Mile House is the only mile house left standing in its original location, and boasts a colorful history, from its rebel days in the 1800s, to its notoriety as an underground "gambling den" in the 1980s. Today, they are the most popular restaurant and bar in the neighborhood, boasting great food, drinks, sports via satellite and live entertainment every single night.


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Rebecca's Holiday
on 2012/02/16 at 17:59
Posted In: Uncategorized
Trying to update my blog from my phone. I thankfully will be going on holiday on Saturday. We will see what I am able to post next week in regards to my penguin comic. The is no guarantee that it will be posted twice next week but I will certainly try my best to keep it up.
I might be able to make it up to you all if I can figure out how to better manage my site.


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The Galaxy Nexus and Nexus S got the update to Android 4.1 (aka Jelly Bean) recently, and now here's some more good news if you own either handset. Google has released the Jelly Bean factory images for both phones.
These factory images let you go back to the standard settings quickly and easily, which is handy if you got a bit too custom-happy when fiddling with your phone.
If you haven't seen the update as an over-the-air download, you can also use the images to upgrade to Jelly Bean, so you won't have to miss out.
You can find them over at the Android Developers blog. Just download the corresponding files for your device, and follow the instructions. Then once you've restored the factory image, you'll have to lock the bootloader to keep the device nice and secure.
The Nexus S and Galaxy Nexus were the two first handsets to get a taste of Jelly Bean. The Nexus 7 tablet has it on board too, and some owners of the Motorola Xoom reported seeing it last week, though Motorola and Google have kept mum on the matter. HTC's One X and One S will get Jelly Bean soon, as will Asus' Transformer line of tablets, though there's no date given for these, meaning it could potentially be months yet.
Jelly Bean brings a new and improved Voice Search, which looks like it shames Siri for speed and accuracy. The whole interface has been given a spring clean, making it more responsive, and it features Google Now as well. Google Now uses your location and routine to give you information you might need, like traffic reports, which should help improve commutes no end.
Have you got Jelly Bean on your device? How are you getting on? Let me know in the comments, or on our Facebook page.


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Please choose from the following lock sizes;
Please note: To find the correct size, measure from the edge of the door to the centre of the spindle hole.
Oxford Latch door handle pack on backplate in polished chrome
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Ronda Rousey's mom, Dr. AnnMaria DeMars and her daughters biggest rival, Cris 'Cyborg' Justino have become embroiled in a public war of words in recent days.
It's not hard to see where Rousey's outspoken attitude came from, DeMars, a former judo champion herself, is certainly not shy to share here opinions and as a guest on a recent episode of Submission Radio she didn't hold back on her thoughts regarding a fight between her daughter and 'Cyborg'.
"Oh Ronda will break her arm," DeMars stated. "I can say that right now. I'll tell you two things; Ronda will break her arm, and Ronda will not go up in weight, and the reason she won't apparently is because Cris Cyborg has missed weight multiple times. So if you have her fight at 140, she's going to show up at 145 or 150."
"So that's the first thing. If she's gonna miss 135, she can at least give Ronda 10 percent of the purse. And then secondly, she has kind of an inflated record, because if you look back at some of her matches, she's fought woman who were 125 pounds and she's 160."
"You know that's like Ronda fighting her little sister and her saying 'oh look at me, I'm so dominant'. So I'm not impressed with her record, and of course failing the drug test thing. I almost feel like that's sort of like when you get a DUI. That's probably not the only time you were driving drunk."
She also went into more detail as to why she's so confident that Rousey would be taking one of 'Cyborg's' arms home with her as a souvenir if they do ever fight in the Octagon.
"You know Ronda got a silver in the world's, she got a bronze in the Olympics, she's won the junior worlds, she's won a lot of international Judo tournaments. And this is against women who have decades of experience trying to stop Olympic level Judo players from throwing and armbarring them."
"So saying that Cris Cyborg is somehow magically going to be able to do that when Ronda's been training this since she's 11? I don't think that's going to happen. I think the first time Ronda gets her hands on her she's going to knock her down and break her arm."
After hearing DeMars comments, former Strikeforce and current Invicta FC 145lb champion 'Cyborg' took to the popular UG forum to pen a cutting response aimed at both parent and daughter.
"Honda mom look like Kim Kardashian mom. She give interview for what? She want to be TMZ superstar?
I missed weight 1 time in 10 years. I don't know where she read this but I can guarantee I make 140lbs.
Cat Zingano was world Champion 125 before going up in weight to test herself, same thing Pacquiao is doing against Mayweather.
Honda would rather fight girls she know she can beat in the first round because the last time she challenge herself she only take home a Bronze medal.
Maybe we can ask Dana to give the loser of our fight a medal so she feel better about herself.
I don't need my mom to give interview about how I will break some movie stars nose!
Honda look pussy. Before she talk about me but now she quiet and her mom defend her.
Everybody knows the time is coming. Ms. Housey please sit front row our fight and you will cry.
watch Joanna Jedrzejczyk last fight this is perfect example of how To stop takedown.
I don't want your belt, I want your soul.
This is the last time I answer Honda's mom she only try to make her name in the news. I don't need to answer her if her daughter is too scared to talk for herself.
Everybody wants to make this fight except Team Hollywood."


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I'm so excited to post this! My bestie is officially married!
She has kindly agreed to let me post some of her beautiful pictures, taken by Catherine Farquharson of the Documentographer.
Lauren knew exactly what she wanted for her invitation, and I think it turned out fabulous. She fell in love with the font at first sight.
We letterpressed the invitation with one color and blind pressed a heart.
Then we hand-painted the edges purple to add a pop of color.
I couldn't be happier for these two, and the day was magical.


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User login
What is the Average Cost of an eBook? Average eBook Price
Even though quality would obviously be the largest factor in pricing an e-book, there are still other factors to consider, whether pricing your own e-book or buying one carefully, the prices at the moment tend to vary from about $9.99 to anywhere like $15.99.
Of course the convenience of an e-book is also implied in the pricing. And for that reason I am sure, there is also talk of the prices of e-books going even higher as the demand for such a great product has been growing as well. Compare prices and keep an open eye in the purchasing of your e-books.
Cost and Price Reference Series
Find out the cost of many of life's important purchases here, in our cost and price reference series.
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Westmeath hurler Aaron Craig has completed his transfer to Wexford club St Anne's.
Craig was part of the Westmeath side that lost both the NHL2A final and Joe McDonagh Cup decider last year.
The St Oliver Plunkett's clubman was part of the squad this year that lifted the Kehoe Cup and NHL2A title.
However, he has made the switch to St Anne's where he will link up with county hurlers Liam Og McGovern and Diarmuid O'Keeffe.
Craig lined out at right half back for St Anne's in their 1-16 to 1-14 defeat to Ferns St Aidan's in the Wexford SHC last weekend.
Meanwhile, another Westmeath clubman Shane Flynn has joined Gusserane footballers from St Loman's.Tweet


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Scale your applications and projects onto the cloud with Google Apps
In Detail
The advent of Cloud computing and SaaS (Software as a Service) is a major turning point for businesses. Google is one of the pioneers of this approach and the collaborative solution of Google Apps offers a set of office tools (email, calendar, word processing, and spread sheet) for a price, which is two to five times more cost-effective than traditional offerings.
This book is all about making your transition to Google Apps fast and easy. It shows you how to develop a customized adoption path, and takes you through extending and securing your apps while teaching you to manage administrative tasks.
You will begin with the installation of Hyperion Planning and then design Planning applications as per some example user requirements. You will then learn to create the planning objects. The book moves on to explaining important concepts within Hyperion Planning such as data forms, task lists, business rules, validation rules, and workflows, with the help of many real-world examples to maximize your learning. Towards the end of the book, you will cover user provisioning and access rights and budget process management.
The book begins by presenting Google Apps' collaborative and security tools. It then moves on to discuss different ways to extend Google Apps and their integration with development tools like Google App Engine. It also discusses integration with mobile devices like iPhone, Blackberry and others. By the end of the book you will be walked through a pilot project and identify the things that need to be done at the time of full migration. This is done using a case study called 'Advanced integration with information systems'.


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Yesterday, I had the privilege of joining the 93rd class of the Washington State Patrol for a reception at the Governor's Mansion. The mansion, located adjacent to the Capitol Building and the Temple of Justice, is a magnificent Southern Style home with sprawling grounds. As we walked up the driveway, we were greeted by WSP Cadets who guard the mansion 24/7. We were told that Christine Gregoire sometimes orders them pizza as a gesture of appreciation.
As we entered the mansion our eyes were drawn toward the floor to a giant Washington State Seal mosaic embedded in the entryway. The front stairs leading to the second story were blocked. This is the entrance to Christine Gregoire's personal residence and living quarters.
We then quickly toured the library and living rooms. These rooms were adorned with photos of Salmon, Timber, the Seattle Library and other icons of Washington State. Our tour brought us to the most important room: The dining room. Despite, the gorgeous mural, the dining room's true attraction was the food. Mrs. Gregoire had spent hours making the best appetizers and deserts. Where does she find the time?
After visiting with the graduates and taking in the history (and plenty of brownies) we made our way to the door, leaving with a greater connection to government and our great State.
Thursday, November 02, 2006
The First House: The Washington State Governor's Mansion
Posted by 4 Percent Realtor at 8:46 AM
Labels: Houses
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A dog bit a man's arm while he was out walking his own pet in Harrogate.
Police today appealed for witnesses after the incident more than a month ago, on Wednesday, July 11.
A member of the public was walking their dog along Saltergate Drive when they were approached by a woman.
The woman was also walking her dog, which jumped up towards the member of the public and bit their left arm, causing a small injury.
Anyone who witnessed the incident, or who has any information about it, is asked to contact North Yorkshire Police on 101. Quote reference 12180141381.


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Traveling for long periods of time often means having to sacrifice style for practicality.
No more.
Libertad Apparel just unveiled its Perfect Travel Shirt on Kickstarter.
Whether you're sightseeing in Milan or in Singapore on business, this classic dress shirt is designed to withstand days of travel without wrinkling or smelling.
The shirt is made of a special lightweight Merino wool that's soft, wrinkle resistant, and odor resistant.
The material is supposedly more moisture-wicking than polyester, dries faster than cotton, and doesn't accumulate body odor. The Merino used for the Perfect Travel Shirt is made from a special breed of sheep that's said to reduce and manage moisture well, which is how it prevents body odor.
The shirt was tested in various climates for five consecutive days, and the travelers who wore it said that the shirt remained wrinkle- and odor-free the whole time.
Mixing "upscale style with high performance," the cut and colors of the shirt were specifically designed to make them both office and travel appropriate.
In other words, it can easily transition from business to pleasure, hot to cold and wet to dry, thus shrinking the contents of your carry-on drastically.


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Report on Symphysiotomy in Ireland 1944-1984 – Professor Oonagh Walsh
This Final Report is the culmination of a two-stage process aimed at fulfilling the request of the previous Minister for Health and Children (Mary Harney) in relation to the practice of symphysiotomy in Ireland. The first phase was an independent academic research report. The second phase involved consultation with relevant stakeholders to provide comment on the report. Download the report here


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Accor Launches Bangkok Super Saver Hotel Campaign
For all travelers coming to Bangkok within the next few months and are currently searching for hotel bookings, look noRead more
For all travelers coming to Bangkok within the next few months and are currently searching for hotel bookings, look noRead more
It may be a wedding ceremony, a reception, birthday or a promotion party hosted by our relatives, friends or theRead more
Manchester is the north of England's biggest and best known city. Along with 500,000 inhabitants, millions more visit the cityRead more
Vegan is considered as one such person who avoids using animal products. They tend to avoid animals made products inRead more
The merry-go-round lights seriate on the top of the street lights making the place vibrant and torched. The snow-peaked plantsRead more
Once the New Year arrives (and it isn't very far off) many people will want to think about taking aRead more
It is a question of chance and good luck to have a suitable accommodation while enjoying a holiday vacation. ItRead more
You can picture the scene – a cosy Saturday night and mum and dad aren't too keen to eat in again.Read more
An amazing land indeed! Australia will surprise you with its vastness. The country is so diverse that you will experienceRead more
Red Deer, the modest sized city located in Central Alberta in Canada, is not only famous for its picturesque naturalRead more


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This blue corn meal cornbread recipe calls for non-genetically modified corn meal. You can substitute it with yellow or white corn meal but please understand that they do not have the same nutritional value that blue corn meal contains. Yellow and white corn meal have been grown in a way that takes all the nutrition out of it. This blue corn meal is the kind that our ancestors grew on their farms and baked with. It has a bluish color but it is a fine grain and so tasty in corn bread and even in pancakes. You can find it on-line or in specialty food stores like Whole Foods.
Blue Corn Meal Cornbread Recipe Ingredients
- 1 cup blue cornmeal or cornmeal
- 1 cup oat flour (to boost soluble fiber)
- 1/4 cup ground flax seed (why not?)
- 3 tsp. baking powder
- 1/2 tsp. salt
- 1 tsp. nutmeg
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1/4 cup canola oil
- 3/4 cup plain fat-free Greek yogurt
- 1/4 cup water
- 1 egg
Preheat oven to 400. Mix all the dry ingredients, then add the oil, yogurt, water and egg. You may have to add a little more water if the batter is too thick. Stir with spoon until well mixed and pour in a greased 8″ square pan. Bake for 20-25 minutes or until a knife inserted in the center of the pan comes out clean. Makes 9 servings.


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Monday, December 1, 2008
QiGi i6 Does Android and Windows Mobile
Posted by Darius Wey in "Pocket PC Hardware" @ 11:30 AM
Chinese company, QiGi, is offering consumers one thing so many of its competitors don't: choice. The i6 officially supports Android and Windows Mobile. Unfortunately, dual-boot isn't an option - you have to pick one OS and stick with it until you choose to install the other. OSes aside, it packs a Marvell 624MHz processor, 128MB RAM, 256MB ROM, a 2.8" QVGA (240 x 320) touch screen, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and a 2.0-megapixel camera. Of course, you're probably never going to see this one outside of China. Still, if you had such a device, which OS would you choose and why?


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As life is moving deeper and deeper into digital existence, it's important to discuss the change of society models: a change towards the digital self, creation and adaptation to imagined communities (however, in a slightly different sense to Benedict Anderson's imagined communities). A few years back I watched a video on anthropology of Youtube and it all triggered a deep interest in the topic. Now, working with audiences on YouTube every day and helping to create a tailored content for them, I often wonder about the communities created (imagined). Why do these people like this content? Who are all these people behind the countless usernames and avatars? Is this brave and aggressive person actually really shy and obeying in the life offline? Have the BFFs online ever met or will ever meet outside of this platform?
The 'self-image' is the key to human personality and human behaviour. Change the self image and you change the personality and the behaviour. [Maxwell Maltz]
In my mind, this is exactly the quote to describe the individuals in modern digital societies. You can be whoever you want to be, there are no restrictions, no borders and no end to imagined communities. There's even no time when it comes to our digital personae – you can exist everywhere and nowhere at the same time. Time doesn't work the same way online as it does offline.
Identity & the concept of imagined community
Identity, the notion of "the self", community, cultural change and social networks have been popular themes in anthropology and sociology from the beginning when writers like Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, Alfred Radcliffe- Brown, Edmund Leach and others were debating community ties and individuality. Identity construction has always been linked to modernity and self-consciousness; for example, Mauss' idea is that the person is the self; the notion of the self involves consciousness shaped by our mental and physical being (Mauss 1985[1938]: 1).
So this tells us – identity is a big part of the concept of self. Self is the totality of person's thoughts, feelings etc. with regards to oneself as an object (Rosenberg, 1986). In this wide concept, our identity is whatever we show to 'the others', it is whatever others know us by (Altheide, 2000, p.2). To create an identity it's not enough only deciding on our personality traits and claiming them ours, it's also about others accepting these claims and associating us with our chosen identity (Stone 1989, p.188 – "coincidence of placements and announcements."). In other words, in every community, online and offline, there is a need of acceptance by others, both – as part of this group and as the individual you have chosen (and been accepted) to be.
Identity in local (face-to-face) interaction is constructed based on rules of the certain setting. The physical existence at that point is what constraints and prevents people claiming more daring identities that would not fit their real life offline characteristics from social background and race to looks and gender. (Zhao S.; Grasmuck S.; Martin J., 2008, p.2 (p.1817)). These restrictions might be lower when interaction happens between two strangers, but let's be honest, we've all seen someone trying to bullsh*t us into thinking they are something they're not… it has its limits!
I mentioned in one of my earlier post that "people do have aesthetic addiction to objects and there is a great need for that physical proof of existence no matter how digital we are." Even in the digital sphere we need to have a certain personality and traits. We need to prove to someone else we are a fan of this band or that we are interested in a certain type of sports etc. And even though we cannot physically touch or sometimes verify this information it is still important to us.
Considerations such as these can help us appreciate the notion of "imagined communities" (B. Anderson, 2006), both virtual (social networks, high-tech communication) or physical. Anderson's work has been noted as one of the most influential works on imagined communities in anthropology nowadays and fairly so. His theory on imagined communities, when talking about creation of nations, is easy to weave in discussion on digital communities even though they are fundamentally different. The main point Anderson raises is that the communities are imagined because even in the smallest of them there is no chance that all the members know each other, however they do experience the sense of communion.
Digital self and the creation of identity online
Internet as most might argue has opened a way for expressing yourself in more ways than offline life ever could. Everyone can become an artist with their own gallery that will not cost a penny on Flickr, everyone can own a blog and become a writer in hopes someone would read their work, feed-back on it wherever they might be without leaving their homes or spending money on editors or post. However, these are just the few examples of internet extending the opportunities based on our 'real-life' interests. Main thing I am interested in is why do we seem to change our identity online and does it have an impact on our offline one? One's identity often differs from that adopted in different online settings that may vary from anonymous to full exposure of the 'real' identity.
Internet has changed the traditional ways of how we look at ourselves, meaning there is also a way for us to make others see us differently. Internet has changed the rules of identity creation. More so, there is no need to stick to one identity. It is mainly due to the fact of the 'missing physical body' giving space to the disembodied text. And it can go the opposite way where even with the physical characteristics being visible we withhold any or some information about the off-line personae, giving us the control over our new desired identity. Tempting isn't it?
S. Turkle (2011) points out that the creation of a 'greater amount of culture' doesn't mean we are more sociable though, quite the opposite, we might have lost some of the sociability with the expansion of digital. She bases this on the fact that technology makes us less human. So is this one of the triggers that makes us to hide our real life self behind countless put on identities that might change some undesired physical or character traits? It can go to ridiculous lengths such as change from introvert to extrovert or even a digital change of the gender. And it can be empowering. This phenomenon of online roles has been researched a lot and it seems to me that our online identities are markers for what we secretly want to be, our hidden self which might be restricted in face-to-face interactions due to wide range of obstacles such as social background, race, gender and physical features.
One thing in my mind separates the concept of identity creation online and offline is the acceptance of your identity by others. Face-to-face interaction will always require the model described before where you claim the identity and others either accept it or declined it based on what they see before them. In my opinion, online identity creation is much easier to achieve as the other members of the online community will have to accept your identity the moment you claim it as they can't verify details you don't want to reveal about yourself, such as age, gender, race etc. (Not talking about stalkers here though, stay safe! ).
We have to remember however that no matter how limitless the online identity can be, there are some pre-determined parts of us and anchored offline relationships we carry with us to our online identity. People know people offline and interact with them online, get acquainted with the friends of their friends, losing some of that freedom of anonymity in the process. Let's take G+ accounts as an example or even Facebook. Everyone is linked. Google learns information on our location, interests, etc. and based on that not only caters the advertising to our preferences but also suggests the connections – old classmates, people living in your town, people you have mutual friends with. This again implements certain constraints to identity claims.
So even though we could argue that identity online is the ultimate freedom and you can become whoever you want to, there are aspects that restrict this freedom from being limitless.
Is freedom anything else than the right to live as we wish? Nothing else. [Epictetus]
YouTube's example of identity creation
YouTube as you probably know is the most viewed video-sharing site in the world and the third most visited website in the world overall behind Google search engine and Facebook (Alexa, 2015). Created in 2005 by three former employees of PayPal to make video sharing easier and sold to Google in 2006, YouTube has grown to be one of the most simple but at the same time one of the most complex networks on the web nowadays.
Most of the content is uploaded by individual users with 300 hours uploaded every minute in 2014 which was 3 times more than the year before and it's still growing (YouTube data). Some of these individuals who create videos become highly influential and have a certain say in the creation of the identities of others, especially those of the younger age group. But is it only affecting their online identity? Or do they influence the everyday life decisions, choice of certain material things, choice of travel destinations and so on. And it works both ways. Influential or not, there are physical beings behind these online roles with feelings and choices. Creating an account on YouTube and putting time into making videos is one of the most popular ways to express ourselves for the new tech-savy individuals.
New media not only introduce new ways for us to express ourselves, but also new forms of self-awareness – new ways to reflect on who we are and how we relate to others [M. Wesch, 2009]
However, it is not only about 'broadcasting ourselves' as Youtube kindly invites us to do. It is about co-creation instead of creation – substitution of camera with community by letting them influence the content. What makes a successful YouTuber? Listening to your audience, letting them participate in making of your channel. "Let us know in the comments below, thumbs up if you like this video and subscribe for more" has become one of the most important phrases people add to their videos and it is working. Why? Because people love to be in charge as a default, they feel special when their suggestion is the one chosen from tons of comments and that makes them feel even closer to the person that seems to be the centre of this imagined community. The more appreciation you get from the influencer, the higher you step in the community, which is still in its core horizontal, anonymous and imagined. And it doesn't end there, you can be a part of as many communities as you want, the more you surface online the higher the possibility to become influential even though this might not have any effect on your offline life.
Something to think about? Always.
Further readings:
- B. Anderson "Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism" (2006)
- S. Turkle "Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet" (1995)
- A. Acquisti, R. Gross "Imagined Communities: Awareness, information sharing, and privacy on the Facebook"
- H.A Horst, D. Miller "Digital Anthropology" (2013)
- T. Boellstorff "Rethinking Digital Anthropology" (2012)


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A well-preserved fossil of a four- to five-million-year-old great white shark species, complete with 222 sharp teeth, suggests the ocean giants were once even bigger, and that they evolved from the fish-eating relatives of today's mako sharks.
The fossil, excavated at the now-arid Pisco Formation region of Peru, could resolve an ongoing debate among shark experts: Did the great white evolve from so-called "megatooth", or Megalodon, sharks, the largest sharks to ever inhabit the planet, or are they more closely related to modern mako sharks?
It is now clear that the ancient great white species shared habitat with the world's biggest megatooth, Carcharocles megalodon, a 60-foot monster whose jaw may have gaped wider than nine feet. Its megamouth could have been used to investigate, and perhaps swallow, the ancient whales, sea turtles, seals, penguins and even aquatic sloths that shared this part of Peru when it supported a shallow marine environment.
Based on the great white relative's remains, however, the ancient species has been reconstructed "to look very similar to a modern white shark, but also retaining some features of the mako," lead author Dana Ehret told Discovery News.
C. megalodon, in contrast to modern great whites, had ultra-thick teeth with "chevron," or V-shaped, features.
Ehret, a Florida Museum of Natural History researcher, and his colleagues further determined that the prehistoric shark was 20 years old when it died. Like counting growth rings on a tree, the scientists counted light and dark bands in the shark's vertebrae, which calcify with age.
10 deep-sea secrets revealedWhile this particular shark was "only" about 17 feet long — the same length as a respectably sized modern great white — it appears that its close relatives were much bigger.
"We now think that broad-toothed makos and fossil white sharks probably reached lengths upwards of 30 feet in the past, while the largest substantiated [living] white sharks are approximately 21 feet," Ehret said.
As for megatooth sharks, the new study, published in the latest Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, takes them out of the genus Carcharodon, which megatooths previously were thought to have shared with great whites, and places them in Carcharocles, a group with no known direct living representatives.
"Ehret and his colleagues' work demonstrates a strong evolutionary link between the extinct mako (Isurus hastalis) and the modern great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and has concomitantly weakened the classic hypothesis that the modern great white shark evolved from the extinct megatooth shark," shark expert Kenshu Shimada told Discovery News.
Shimada, an associate professor at DePaul University and a research associate in paleontology at the Sternberg Museum of Natural History, believes the genus Carcharocles belongs to the now-extinct family Otodontidae.
"In order to settle the debate over the origin of the modern great white shark and the taxonomy of the megatooth shark, what we now need are the skeletal remains of the megatooth shark and otodontid sharks to examine their evolutionary link," he explained.
Shimada indicated that if megatooths wind up being more closely related to otodontids versus modern great whites, the case can be more fully closed.
"Regardless," he said, "Ehret and his colleagues' work is a very nice example of the provisional nature of science — that is, scientific interpretations change as more data become available."
© 2012 Discovery Channel


text: Thank you to all for a great "Salute to Ag" event last night in Lafayette County. More than 200 people attended our summer picnic at the farm home of Neal and Linda Niendick, sponsored by the Lafayette County Republican Central Committee. We were honored to have Lt. Gov. Mike Parson and MO Director of Agriculture Chris Chinn be our special guests and address the crowd. They spoke about the past, present and future of agriculture in Missouri and the challenges ahead. A big thank you to local 4-H kids and county high school FFA chapters who attended and helped with the event. Some of the 4-H members brought their show calves and pigs and Katahdin sheep to display. A special treat was having Lt. Governor Parson's granddaughter sing the National Anthem. and the new Missouri State FFA President, Abby Bertz, addressed the group as well. Several county elected officials and State Representatives attended including our own Rep. Glen Kolkmeyer as well as State Senator Denny Hoskins. We have to mention the food. It was simply delicious: backyard grilled steak sandwiches, deep-fried potatoes, baked beans, salads, and pie and ice cream! Thank you again to everyone who participated in the program, donated to make this event possible, and/or volunteered to work the event. It was indeed a perfect summer night and old-fashioned patriotic picnic on the farm!


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The Reinforcement Learning model of pain motivation and decision-making.
Reinforcement Learning (RL) describes a general algorithmic (computational) method for learning from experience: predicting the occurrence of inherently salient events, and learning actions to exert control over them (maximising rewards, minimising penalties). In RL, an agent learns state or action value functions, or direct action policies, through interacting with the world. These functions can be learned by computing the error between predicted and actual outcomes, and using the error to improve future predictions and actions.
In the early 1990s, evidence emerged that RL provided a biologically plausible model for animal reward learning in Pavlovian (prediction) and instrumental (control) conditioning. Our work has shown that RL provides an equally good model for aversive learning - in describing both behaviour and neural responses in aversive conditioning and instrumental avoidance.
By directly comparing reward and aversive learning, we have been able to show how each involves dissociable systems, which act in opposition to each other in Pavlovian conditioning. This allows dual (opponent) processing of things like relief and disappointment. During instrumental conditioning, these systems are integrated to provide a common currency for decision-making spanning reward acquisition and punishment avoidance. Functional MRI indicates that this common currency for decision value is encoded in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
Computational models such as this are intended not merely descriptive accounts of behaviour, but as true mechanistic descriptions of how the brain actually works. Importantly, these models 'work' - they can be simulated or implemented, and will reproduce basic pain-related behaviour. Currently, we are building more complete models that capture the diversity of pain-related responses, and probe how different component systems interact.
A central role of the striatum in aversive learning.
A key finding to emerge from Reinforcement Learning models of aversive learning has been that the ventral putamen encodes an aversive prediction error. This was notable at the time because the striatum had often been considered relatively reward-specific. Our work has shown a functional and anatomical dissociation of reward and punishment systems during Pavlovian conditioning in the striatum, with anterior regions (nucleus accumbens) being more reward specific, and more dorsal-posterior regions being more punishment specific.
During avoidance, our work suggests that the dorsal striatum (dorsal putamen and caudate) adopts a reward-signed representation, consistent with successful avoidance being coded as a 'reward' that guides behavioural reinforcement.
Novel computational insights into dopamine and serotonin.
Dopamine and serotonin are the two neuromodulators most associated with motivation and decision-making. Early work, including our own human fMRI studies, indicates a key role for dopamine in conveying the striatal error term that guides value learning for rewards. However, our more recent work suggests that dopamine plays a broader role than pure learning, by modulating temporal impulsivity for rewards (increasing preference for smaller-sooner occurring rewards over larger-later alternatives), and controlling performance-specific actions (a greater tendency to choose higher-valued options).
There is good evidence that serotonin can act as an opponent to dopamine, with a role in punishment and inhibition. However, our recent work (using trypophan depletion) suggests that its role may be more complex than originally thought: we show that during flexible decision-making, serotonin selectively modulates reward values (and their representation in the medial prefrontal cortex), with no effect on aversive (avoidance) values.
The neuroeconomics of pain.
Recent years has seen substantial interest in the neurophysiological applicability of economic models of individual and social decision-making. A key part of economic models of social behaviour is other-regarding motivation, and our early work showed how observation of aversive outcomes (pain) in others is flexibly represented in the brain - in terms of empathy towards cooperators, and 'schadenfreude' towards competitors. More recently, we have studied how the informational content of social observation modulates our perception of outcomes in ourselves.
Economic models also offer insight into how we explicitly value aversive outcomes such as pain. In particular, we've been able to show how relative value models (in which value is constructed by comparison with recent experience) offer a better account of valuation than absolute models (which assume a intrinsic absolute scale of value in the brain).
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute of Information and Communications Techology
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- MEXT (Japan)


text:
HATBORO�� Police are investigating the theft of a Trek 26-inch, 10-speed women's bicycle that was locked to the railing at the Hatboro Train Station on South Penn Street when it was removed by someone between 5:45 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Aug. 23. The bicycle is valued at $300, police said.
Trespassing: Ryan P. Ford, 22, of Horsham was cited for criminal trespassing about 1:52 p.m. Monday after he was found by police on residential property on South Chester Avenue after he had previously been told not to return to that location, police said.�
Warrant arrest: Meghan E. Kelly, 30, of Hatboro was arrested on a Bucks County warrant for a probation violation Aug. 24, police said. She was located in a home on Williams Lane about 1:59 a.m. and turned over to Bucks County sheriff deputies.�
Warrant arrest: Tara Blackshire, 35, of Doylestown was arrested on a Montgomery County warrant for failure to appear in court, police said. She had been stopped for traffic violations in the area of York and County Line roads about 11 p.m. Monday and after her arrest was released to Montgomery County sheriff deputies.
Public drunkenness: Keith D. Hernandez, 26, of Hatboro was cited for public drunkenness shortly before 4 a.m. Tuesday after police said he was located in a parking lot on East Moreland Avenue and found to be intoxicated.


text:
Security incident update
Yesterday, a group named HTP claimed responsibility for accessing Linode Manager web servers, we believe by exploiting a previously unknown zero-day vulnerability in Adobe's ColdFusion application server. The vulnerabilities have only recently been addressed in Adobe's APSB13-10 hotfix (CVE-2013-1387 and CVE-2013-1388) which was released less than a week ago.
As a result of the vulnerability, this group gained access to a web server, parts of our source code, and ultimately, our database. We have been working around the clock since discovering this vulnerability. Our investigation reveals that this group did not have access to any other component of the Linode infrastructure, including access to the host machines or any other server or service that runs our infrastructure.
Credit card numbers in our database are stored in encrypted format, using public and private key encryption. The private key is itself encrypted with passphrase encryption and the complex passphrase is not stored electronically. Along with the encrypted credit card, the last four digits are stored in clear text to assist in lookups and for display on things like your Account tab and payment receipt emails. We have no evidence decrypted credit card numbers were obtained.
Linode Manager user passwords are not stored in our database, but their salted and cryptographically hashed representations are. Despite the uselessness of these hashes, as you know we expired Linode Manager passwords on Friday.
There were occurrences of Lish passwords in clear text in our database. We have corrected this issue and have invalidated all affected Lish passwords effective immediately. If you need access to the Lish console, you can reset a new Lish password under the Remote Access sub-tab of your Linode.
For users who have set an API key, we're also taking action to expire those keys. We'll be emailing API-enabled users with that information.
We take your trust and confidence in us very seriously, and we truly apologize for the inconvenience that these individuals caused. Our entire team has been affected by this, leaving all of us, like you, feeling violated. We care deeply about the integrity of Linode and are proud of the work that we accomplish here for you. This unfortunate incident has only strengthened our commitment to you, our customer.
Please feel free to contact customer service via our ticket system or email@example.com if you have any questions or concerns.
Filed under: announcements by caker
78 Responses
Thanks for keeping us updated on this. It's sad to see exploits taken advantage of, I hope we all learn something from this 🙂
When you say "There were occurrences of Lish passwords in clear text in our database", does this mean there were only a few? Or a lot? Or all?
Should I be worried about anywhere else I've used my Lish password? If it's only a few, are you able to notify those few directly?
Hope it's a good passphrase on that private key!
Though I'm not happy about this, I truly believe Linode has done its best to secure my server and data anyway.
Ah.. zero-day vulnerability in ColdFusion. Does Linode has any plan to migrate to a more, say, popular/modern tech stack? Frankly speaking I know nothing about ColdFusion, just feel it's kinda.. outdated, and it looks quite dangerous to lock into one specified product.
Can the passphrase survive in an offline attack?
It was claimed that whilst the credit card information was encrypted, the public and private keys for this were stored on the same machine rendering it useless – is this true?
Also, there have been a number of claims of fraudulent bank account withdrawals on cards stored with Linode – have you investigated this thoroughly?
Thanks for the update, please help to address following questions more clearly:
1) does said hacking party have access to your public/private key for credit card encryption (are private key, as previsouly suggested, stored on this server as well)?
2) do you store anything else sensitive besides the credit card no. in the compromised database (for example personal contact information, or even worse, credit card CVV)?
3) whether there is a plan to allow making payment without storing credit card number permanently on linode?
What was the complexity of the password for the private key? Could it be found in /usr/share/dict/words or was it sufficiently unguessable and long?
I don't know what's more embarrassing about this whole debacle: that the breach happened and -since you haven't denied what HTP said about this- the private key was stored on the same server as the credit card numbers that were being encrypted by that key; or that it's 2013 and a Linux company are using ColdFusion on their signup form. I mean, ColdFusion guys, seriously?!
And can you give us an indication, on a scale of: "We're screwed if they have a rainbow table of common dictionary words" to "Ain't gonna be cracked before the Sun dies" of how strong that passphrase on the key is?
While I'm glad you've posted something, this leaves a lot of questions unanswered.
For me, the main issue of this post is that it's generally vague about a subject that needs to be crystal clear.
– Did they get access to credit card information or not?
– Was my lish password stored in plain text? (how about a % of passwords stored in plain text)
– What other information was accessed in the database?
Also, a lot of us probably reads hacker news, and in extension the irc logs from "ryan". Can someone publicly deny his statements such as the one about storing credit card public and private keys in the same directory?
Finally, I also read a lot of tweets regarding credit card usage that would be nice to get out of the dark as well.
Thanks for understanding,
/A long-time customer
Furthering Eivind's question, this is the only thing that matters to customers at this stage: they have encrypted credit card info, and they have the private key. The attackers can now brute force the private key passphrase with impunity, with as much parallelism as they can command.
So what are we talking about? Do we expect they'll have cracked it in a few weeks/months? Days?
You guys run a great service, and I don't think I'm going to move anywhere else because I know that what you guys offer is pretty much unparalleled, but I do need to know how important it might be for me to invalidate my credit card number or not. 🙁
A little over ten years ago ColdFusion was completely rewritten in Java, and these days is almost unrecognizable compared to what we used to write in the old days, these days it looks very much like Java. Also these days there are alternative ColdFusion Markup Language servers, including Railo, which is open source, so you're not locked in to the Adobe product unless you're using a few of the tags that are only supported by Adobe.
Arlen's question is one I want cleared up as well.
Thank you. I've felt like Linode does its best to be transparent and I've defended your service to my colleagues in the past couple of days in that regard. This post confirms my trust in your work ethic and commitment to customers.
Thanks for your hard work.
Can you let me know :
1. If I should be worried about my credit card details being leaked.
2. If we need to reset user passwords for all our linodes
3. If our applications running on the linodes could have been compromised.
+1 arlen
Thanks for the update and transparency.
so, is this linode's fault or adobe's ?
Elvind and Arlen summed up perfectly what is on my mind. Please advise us on this ASAP as I need to know whether or not to cancel my credit card.
> The private key is itself encrypted with passphrase encryption and the complex passphrase is not stored electronically.
I smell bullshit. If you didn't store the private key "electronically", how could you possibly use it to encrypt credit card numbers? Surely you don't have a secretary sitting there manually entering CC numbers as people update them in the manager, do you?
I was giving you the benefit of the doubt as this mess unfolded. This one sentence made me consider that you may in fact be lying through your teeth 🙁
Brute-force attacks depend on the encryption algorithm used + the keysize. I hope Linode will give us some info on this. I assume they used a proven algorithm from a trusted vendor, and not something they hacked together themselves…
@Tim – We've only had two reports of customers claiming fraudulent activity on their cards, neither of which corroborate a larger issue.
@Eivind – our private key is stored only in encrypted format. The passphrase is not guessable, sufficiently long and complex, not based on dictionary words, and not stored anywhere but in our heads.
I greatly appreciate the update. I know a lot of folks have been complaining about the time it took to get this out there, but to me it's worth the wait to know what's really going on.
I think they mean they were using a private key file which is passphrase encrypted. To access the private key file you need to type in the passphrase. This passphrase is not stored electronically on their system.
@caker, reiterating XXX's question, if you don't store the passphrase anywhere, how do you encrypt the CC information automatically?
Thank-you for this update.
I will be requesting a new card number from my CC company and you should be recommending as much to everyone.
It is clear that something needs to change in your security and coding practices that recognises the huge target you are now. And to prevent this being the last straw for some of your customers you need to be open about those changes.
@XXX, @Raúl Pedro Santos: only the public part of the keypair is required to perform encryption
Thanks for the update Linode. Although I know everyone wants the updates NOW NOW NOW, I can certainly understand Linode wanting to get all their ducks in a row before making a statment like this, which I would expect.
It is even more evident of their dilligent work when you see the owner making a blog post at 3AM, and still repsonding to comments at 4:45AM.
CAKER: Are their any further plans to implement 2 factor authentication, or other steps to further improve security? Oh, and go take a nap.
@Raul, @XXX:
It's called public key encryption. The private key is only used for decryption.
@Raul: you use the public key to encrypt and add CCs, then monthly when you're billing you type in your [hopefully long and complex] passphrase to decrypt using the private key temporarily
I thought it's been clearly stated that there had been a very lot of chances that the hackers could break the encryption of the credit card information to make use of it.
So, I just invalidated my CC and it cost a little money and brought me a little inconvenience.
Hope that Linode stuff could learn something from this and don't store credit card infomation any more. Just make the billing before the time coming.
@Raúl Probably by keeping it in memory and entering it manually when the server/daemon boots.
Another customer here, I revoked my credit card yesterday. As discussions on Hackers News indicate there are still unanswered questions. At the very least you have to stop using Adobe products in your infrastructure and thoroughly review your security procedures.
There are some questions which you MUST answer: what is the risk of credit card numbers being decrypted? Are previous customers at risk in any way? What is the risk of passwords being decrypted (remember people reuse passwords so they may be exposed elsewhere). Also the Lish passwords, how exactly were these in clear?
RE: Credit Card Info.
If you guys read the blog post, caker stated the CC information is encrypted with asymmetric encryption. That means the PUBLIC key is used to encrypt the data and can ONLY be decrypted with the private key. Doing it in this manner means a "For Your Eyes Only" approach to encryption.
Essentially, credit card operations are run manually by a user with knowledge of the private key when it is appropriate to run billing.
Gaining access to the private key DOES mean that linked should rotate the keys used for this process, but it also means that CC information is not readily compromised. CC information should be reasonably safe, IMO.
@Raúl To encrypt information, you need the public key, not the private key with a passphrase. To bill people continually, you need credit card gateway tokens that can only be used to bill for this specific merchant and are useless otherwise. I see no issue here.
Thank you, Linode, for the update. You continue to have my full support.
@XXX and @Raul Pedro: you should both read up on public key cryptography. You don't need to know the secret key (or its passphrase) in order to encrypt something against it. That's the entire point of PKI.
Correction: (it's 6am and I'm on my phone)
And knowledge of the private key pass phrase.
Consider the way the CCs are stored as the reverse of how you normally perform certificate generation. And the pass phrase sounds reasonably complex enough that they won't be able to crack it easily.
This is much better than most businesses handle and store your credit card information and I'm sure Linode will take even further action in the future to prevent this from happening. Caker and team aren't idiots, but they are only human.
As an FYI for those wanting to know, various US government agencies offer up to 10 business days to patch security flaws: that's 2 weeks. To use an attack within 7 days of release is crazy, but not as common. There's no way to humanly be able to prevent this short or taking sites offline as soon as public availability of attack. And even this does not resolve 0-days.
Using Coldfusion was only a mistake if you assume that no other developers make mistakes when coding. Even an application like WordPress, which had thousands of developers' eyes and hackers attacking it continues to have security flaws, one recently alerted by the US CERT. So I don't think a custom solution is necessarily the answer because even the "many eyes" approach hasn't worked. But I'm sure Linode is weighing its options.
@Raul (and others) you can encrypt the credit card numbers with the public key, no passphrase required. But decrypting them would require the passphrase. So at billing time, someone could log in, enter the passphrase and run the billing program. Alternatively they could use gpg-agent to store the passphrase (fairly) securely in RAM. So their setup sounds plausible but not that secure.
However, if the server is compromised, it would be possible to put a keylogger in there, or monitor RAM, while the monthly billing is done. Then you get the passphrase and all the credit card numbers. Those attacks would require either root access, or being logged in as the same user who is entering the passphrase,or some related privilege escalation attack. I have no idea whether such an attack was done, but it feels like it was possible.
An improvement to security would be to store the private key on a few USB keys, and only plug them in when you need to do billing. But when you need to launch a new server, they need billing immediately, so that would make the gpg-agent scenario more likely.
Even better would be to store the credit card details with a third party who specialises in credit card storage and not storing them yourself.
I'm also disappointed that any passwords were stored in plain text.
@XXX, Raúl: For those who don't get it, the whole point of asymmetric (public/private key) encryption is that you can encrypt data with the public key, without needing the password (and so put it in the DB on update in the manager) but you can't decrypt anything without the private key (which is protected by the passphrase).
I presume the Linode folks only enter the password to run the billing itself, which happens on the first day of every month and so makes the scheme handily secure – if the system is set up as described (and with a decent RNG behind the key's generation :P) CC data should be just fine.
I will invalidate my credit card, however I don't want linode storing my CC anymore. I hope for some other way for payment implemented in the near future!
Paulo, in PKI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_infrastructure the private key is not required to encrypt.
looks like this is the source of rumours:
but i couldn't found any info about stolen credit cards.
Definitely frustrated by this, but it looks like you've done the best you can in making a responsible disclosure to your customers. No doubt my private information has been violated worse by companies who then swept things under the rug. Thanks, I guess.
The passphrase must be stored in RAM, as think about all those automated times you upgrade and cause immediate billing only seconds later. It always knows my CC number and charges it right away.
Adobe should have stuck to Photoshop. LOL @ Cold Fusion. Did you guys port the code from Visual Basic? :p
"Linode Manager user passwords are not stored in our database, but their salted and cryptographically hashed representations are."
Are you guys planning on reassuring us you used a hash that's robust against offline attacks? I would definitely feel better about the compromise if you were using bcrypt, scrypt, or something similar.
You handled this well, I'm confident in your security practices. Incidents like this wont dis-wade me from using your services as long as you continue to be upfront about them. Keep up the good work guys, shit happens.
Anyway, the Linode Manager is awesome. I was looking at one of your competitors and their control panel was horrendous by comparison.
This news doesn't bother me. I've only had one fraudulent charge on a card in my life and the transaction was flagged immediately. Of all the places you buy things, who's as cautious as Linode?
For what it's worth, I'm completely satisfied with your response.
Please Linode add more payment options like PayPal.
@everyone jumping in to correct me (and XXX), you're right, my bad, I do know a bit about cryptography and PKI and should have given it a second thought instead of asking away.
There are still unanswered questions, though, and it would be nice of Linode to provide some further explanation, if nothing else for the mere fact that not doing so will only contribute to a negative image for them.
A satisfactory response.
Wonder why Linode does not just completely store CC info with a 3rd party and charge with a token. PCI compliance is such a pain when you are storing CC info on your own servers.
These things happen. Keep up the good work and keep shoring up your security!
Thanks for the update, and good luck with the remaining cleanup work.
I'm less concerned about the specifics of this actual breach than I am about the security practices which turned something less serious (a web server zero-day) into one that was connected to information for both payment data, and plaintext passwords for server access.
Can we expect to hear how your security policies and audit procedures will ensure this doesn't happen again?
Also, would you consider handling payments through a third-party processor so that Linode is only sending and receiving transaction tokens, instead of storing sensitive financial information on servers accessible through your web frontend?
Thanks for keeping your users informed. As usual great customer service.
Knowing that username, password, api key and credit cards were accessed by hackers (encripted or not) makes anyone nervous and paranoid.
Although, knowing that you're doing your best to ensure our safety thru legal and technical means, just reasures my love for your services.
Whatever you write, people will make more increasingly technical moans in the comments here.
Thanks for the update. I went ahead and revoked my credit card as a security measure. I use a randomly generated password for all my sites so not worried about that. Please let us know in the future if you have made additional changes to prevent this from happening again.
Not to continue to moan too technically or anything, but the question about Lish passwords hasn't been addressed at all.
– Do you know which accounts had plaintext Lish passwords in the DB?
– Do you intend to let those people know?
So you straight up lied to us in the email you sent:
LIE # 1: " We have found no evidence that any Linode data of any other customer was accessed." — BLATANTLY FALSE.
LIE # 2: " In addition, we have found no evidence that payment information of any customer was accessed." — BLATANTLY FALSE
Even if you did know your statements were untrue when you sent the email, where is the follow-up email retracting these statements?
This is unacceptable.
I don't know that I have a choice but to start looking for another provider — NOT because of the compromise, but because of how it has been handled thus far in a dishonest manner.
@Skavoovie they didn't lie with this though. At the time the email was sent they had no evidence. That changed since the email. Hence the followup with this blog post and alert.
Based on my interpretation of both the e-mail and the blog posts, "any Linode data of any other customer" would be the data on each individual VPS, not Linode's customer data. One host was supposedly compromised, but not others. This appears separate from the Linode Manager compromise.
As for "payment information"… well, that's a bit harder to debate. If the e-mail does indeed refer to a separate compromise (of an individual VPS), no "payment information" may have been lost in that breach. Of course, the loss of credit card data, even if encrypted, would definitely count as "payment information" in my book, although I'm sure someone could get pedantic on semantics. If we're not talking about two separate breaches… well…
And a quick reminder to those getting heated and calling for answers: If law enforcement is already involved, Linode may not be ALLOWED to be completely transparent, at least until any criminal investigation is complete. While I want the same answers you do, bear in mind that once the police and/or lawyers get involved, companies have to be very careful in how they respond publicly.
As for me, yeah, I've killed my CC on file. First time I've ever had to do that. 🙁 But for now I have no plans to move anywhere else. Overall, I think Linode has handled this well and has been much more transparent than most other companies would be. That said, how much of that confidence will remain will depend heavily on what comes out of this in the next days and weeks.
You guys at Linode have offered such an exemplary service over the years that I was definitely waiting to hear your side of things before forming any opinions of this situation. And I'm satisfied with your response. It's unfortunate that such things occur, but I think we can all agree that shaking our fists at Adobe would be better served. Just make sure to place all Mountain Dews, Dr. Peppers, energy drinks, and similar carbonated beverages into your opposite hand first.
Don't put your trust re: your credit card number in Linode (or any other vendor you use it with); put it in your bank or (better, at least in the US) credit union, which is on the hook for fraudulent charges.
You are in *much* more danger of identity theft from a restaurant employee (again, in the US) who takes your card away from the table to run your tab. (Not a knock against restaurant employees, just stating a fact; many/most? places now in Europe for example use wireless readers that they bring to the table, so your card never leaves your sight, but who's to say where the reader is sending the data…)
Honestly, you ID theft virgins… It only hurts the first (few) time(s).
As a long-time Linode user I applaud their integrity and efforts on *our* behalf. As previous posters have said: (a) zero-day vulnerability – hard to defend against; (b) they are only human, just like the rest of us; (c) I'm 100% confident they will learn from this experience and take steps to insure appropriate improvements are made.
Linode rules!
Those of you who don't understand public key cryptography, can you please take a break on the rants and go read what it is and how it works before you continue going on about how it makes no sense. It's actually a great design for PCI compliant credit card storage, allowing the cards to be encrypted and tokenized by the website without the website keeping any useful information to decrypt the database. This is far superior to people who just use symmetrical encryption on the card number and attempt to control access to the key with ACLs, passwords, etc.
Based on their more detailed explanation of the storage of payment information, I am confident moving forward with my card on file at Linode. Considering the fact that most cards don't hold you liable for fraud charges, and the significant number of cash cards and online use cards out there, we all have plenty of options to keep our money secure. I just like to know that they put the forethought into using PKI to store the cards, and it paid off when they got hit with this 0-day.
As far as using ColdFusion, I don't care what web platform they employ, there will always be 0-days. That's why a good architecture is the real defense, which again paid off for them here. The only thing I found disturbing was the LISH passwords in plaintext, which they say they've addressed.
With that my confidence in Linode is restored, stuff happens, life moves on. Now if we can get our memory upgrades in Fremont that would be great! 😉
Like quite a few other people here I'm quite confused… is this a second incident that was unrelated? That doesn't seem to be the case because this message refers to the forced password reset last week.
The message has a lot of grey areas as pointed out by others… we need clarity. It does no good to know that the database or CC information was encrypted if the key was also lost, or if the key didn't follow best practices.
In this day and age security is just as important if not more so than host/network reliability and availability.
Thanks for the update. An unfortunate incident, but we appreciate the additional detail about what happened.
Our main concern is the security of the access to the Linode Manager – we don't want to wake up one morning to find our Linodes deleted. Please consider implementing some form of two-factor authentication in the future.
Now that this unfortunately happened.
One of these two things, preferably both should properly be implemented.
1) Two factor authentication. We've been asking for awhile :/
2) Another PayPal method, EX PayPal. Storing CC's is a dangerous thing these days.
So I asked about a lot of these questions a while back. Mainly, I'm curious how far the systems were actually penetrated and whether or not the fact that I could purchase upgrades and get them automagically charged while my card numbers were somehow protected by a password only Linode knew but the panel figured out by means of magic. I was told that it was under investigation, so I ask again, more than a week later. What is going on?
Also linode, Cold Fusion? WTF. You're about a decade or so behind the times. Maybe even two.
@Sorressean: That's a bit harsh. CF is still a supported product (and it wasn't always Adobe ;). While other mistakes may have been made, IMO not moving away from CF was not one of them – there is no web framework that has never had a security flaw. (Of course the open/closed source debate is another matter).
I've just reviewed all material regarding this breach. And I must say it does make me feel very uncomfortable. I don't know what to trust anymore, if we are going to trust what the ryan(hacker) says from chat. Everything is compromised. Credit card data is decrypted (from chat log: " They did try to encrypt them, but using public key encryption doesn't work if you have the public and private key in the same directory") and they can also access the content of your virtual machine (for example if you had your mail or private code repositories configured). Its totally beyond me that Linode staff could configure their system so badly, when even I could do it better?!! And my skill level is very low… Actually it seems the system was so poorly configured that it even makes me suspicious that the story of the hacker is fake. Then again something definitely happened :-/
If nothing else I would really like only one thing from Linode.
Please say to us:
Do we have to invalidate our credit cards?
It is not a problem to do it. It can become a problem if we don't do it but should! Please Linode I hope you are not giving us a sense of false security!
Next time this happens, please be consistent about your method of communication. I received an email on the 12th stating that nothing was f*cked, then never got a notification about the update / blog post. I was under the impression nothing was compromised, but am currently rebuilding all servers due to new information that wasn't received in the same manner.
I do appreciate the transparency, but attention to detail and consistentcy is very important in these situations.
I am dying to use linode.com from years, I do have credit card. But I use my credit card on internet only via paypal. I can not give CVV numbers etc to each and every site on number I purchase from; if in years to come they get hacked.
Its far better for me, add another virtualization layer upon my creditg card by using paypal.
I am just unable to understand why on earth linode.com does not accept paypal or netbanking from India etc. It will vastly expand their user base in an instant.
A real worry for anyone doing online trading.
Basic one would be keep anything away from billing that does not need to be there.
Eg install the machines according to NSA/CSS standards.
Or at least use that as a guide point to improve your companies own security.
If in doubt chuck it out.
In most cases if it's not there they can't steal it.
Even if it means re inventing the wheel slightly keep recurring billing separate and offline local access only.
What ever it takes it's worth doing to keep customers safe.
Authentication servers is another interesting subject.
Not a huge issue in small scale operations but you can see with programs like wireshark and even your logs what ports the smash and grabbers are going for.
I was thinking SELinux may help here (as if I know what I'm talking about), perhaps the database can be running on another (ahem) linode so that the data is isolated.
You guys are awesome. EVERYONE gets broken into but not everyone reports it, you guys are on the short list!!
Please keep up the vigilance and innovation.
It seems a lot of people are missing the other side of this coin here.
Are there a lot of unanswered questions? Yes. Are you going to get answers to most of them? Probably not.
Answering a lot of the questions in these comments would involve divulging a lot of how their infrastructure is designed, and what security measures are in place; not a very smart thing to just drop into public-facing comments. Security breaches are embarrassing to everyone – most companies reporting breaches where caught not even using salt / hash, so props to them.
Like i saw in another comment here – give them time to get all their ducks in a row. In the meantime, do the sensible thing – assume all data is compromised, and change your passwords / encryption keys, and pay attention to your bank account.
[…] is how they handle it and communicate with their customers. Linode has been plagued by multiple security issues in the past. Failure to disclose incidents in a timely way can be costly, especially in the […]


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Archive Site Provided for Historical Purposes
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program
Human Genome News, April-June 1996; 7(6)
Human Genome Project Reaches Major Goal
An international consortium of scientists announced at the end of April that they had achieved a major goal of the Human Genome Project the complete sequence of a eukaryote, the single-celled Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C. The 16 yeast chromosomes were sequenced from tip to tip with no gaps, and both strands of the DNA double helix were analyzed, resulting in an accuracy rate higher than 99.99%. The biggest surprise of the project was that more than half the genes uncovered during sequencing were previously unknown, despite decades of intense scrutiny by yeast geneticists. Another unexpected discovery was the degree of redundancy in the genome, with several genes often appearing to have homologous sequences and functions.
The full yeast sequence has been publicly available since the end of April, but access formerly was limited to the laboratories involved in the sequencing project, those in the follow-up functional analysis program (Eurofan), and companies in the Yeast Industry Platform, Brussels.
With some 12 million base pairs and 6000 genes, the eukaryotic (nucleus-containing) yeast has already provided biologists with a valuable resource for determining the function of individual human genes involved in such medical problems as cancer, neurological disorders, and skeletal disorders. "Now we know for the first time all the genes it takes to make a simple eukaryotic cell," said Mark Johnston [Washington University, St. Louis (WUSL)]. "As the human genome is sequenced, we will be able to compare human genes with those of yeast. When a similar gene is located, its function in humans [a more complex eukaryotic organism] can be deduced through experiments with yeast, which is much more amenable to genetic manipulation."
Over the next few years, scientists in the United States and Europe will piece together for the first time a comprehensive look at how all the genes function as an integrated cell system.
The quest to interpret the yeast genome began in the 1950s when Robert Mortimer (University of California, Berkeley) began genetic mapping of all the organism's genes. In the early 1980s, Maynard Olson (then at WUSL) created a physical map of the yeast genome by cloning overlapping DNA fragments. This map provided the starting point for the sequencing phase, which was initiated in 1989 when Andre Goffeau (Catholic University of Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium) organized a group of European laboratories to take on the task.
As part of the Human Genome Project, laboratories applied large-scale automation, helping to finish the work some 2 years sooner than the scientists themselves had predicted.
The project, which cost about $30 million, involved more than 100 laboratories in the European Union (EU), the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan. "In 1993, we made a gentleman's agreement not to compete but to divide the work among us in order to complete the sequence rapidly with as little duplication as possible," said Goffeau, who coordinated the 70-laboratory EU initiative. "We agreed not to stake out any territory and, on several occasions, DNA fragments to be sequenced were redistributed according to the respective capabilities of the sequencing teams." Europeans sequenced 55% of the genome; the Sanger Centre, 17%; WUSL, 15%; Stanford University, 7%; McGill University in Canada, 4%; and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) in Japan, 2%.
Sanger Centre and Institut Pasteur are now sequencing Mycobacterium tuberculosis with support from The Wellcome Trust.
Yeast Data Web Sites
Return to the Table of Contents
The electronic form of the newsletter may be cited in the following style:
Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Human Genome News (v7n6).
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international 13-year effort, 1990 to 2003. Primary goals were to discover the complete set of human genes and make them accessible for further biological study, and determine the complete sequence of DNA bases in the human genome. See Timeline for more HGP history.
Published from 1989 until 2002, this newsletter facilitated HGP communication, helped prevent duplication of research effort, and informed persons interested in genome research.


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Milton Stone
Underground Parking, Knightsbridge, London SW7
London, SW7 1LN
Download Brochure Print this Listing Floor Plan
A unique opportunity to acquire a long leasehold underground garage for 130 spaces over two levels. Comfort cooled, number plate recognition, concierge facilities, chauffeur accommodation with kitchen and sleeping facilities, extra secure storage and water. A very secure garage with cctv and steel shuttered doors. 130 year lease £21,000,000.


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Beautiful soft polyester satin panties available in all our satin colours.The elasticated waist and legs are edged with pretty black or white lace and the front has a matching lace and ribbon trim.
Decorated with toning ribbon bows and little satin ribbon rosebuds on the front waist and front legs.Can also be used as a nappy/diaper cover.This item is now available with a lace trimmed open front. The opening starts approx 7ins below the waist to 1inch above the crotch seam
Satin/ Waterproof Nappy Cover with Lace Trim


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Makes about 4 dozen
Makes about 4 dozen
1 cup butter, softened
1 cup sugar
1 egg
2 tablespoons 2 percent milk
1 teaspoon vanilla
3 cups flour
11/2 teaspoons baking powder
2 teaspoons grated orange zest
2/3 cup chopped dried cranberries
1/4 cup chopped pecans
8 to 10 drops red food coloring (optional)
In a large bowl, beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in egg, milk and vanilla.
Combine flour and baking powder. Gradually add to butter mixture. Mix well. Transfer 1 cup of dough to a small bowl. Stir in orange peel.
To remaining dough, add cranberries, pecans and food coloring, if using. Divide in half.
Line an 8- by 4-inch loaf pan with wax paper. Press one portion of cranberry dough evenly into pan. Top with orange dough, covering completely. Finally, press remaining cranberry dough over orange dough. Cover and refrigerate 2 hours or until firm.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Lightly grease baking sheets.
Remove dough from pan. Cut loaf in half lengthwise. Cut each half into 1/4-inch-thick slices. Arrange on prepared sheets.
Bake until edges of cookies just start to brown, about 8 to 10 minutes. Cool.
Catherine L. Blackwood, Columbus


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European ministers are expected to meet today in Luxembourg to discuss final plans to allow Albania and Macedonia to join
European ministers are expected to meet today in Luxembourg to discuss final plans to allow Albania and Macedonia to join the EU.
However, despite years of negotiations, the EU still lacks unanimous support over accession. Major partners of the bloc like France, the Netherlands and Denmark continue to express concern that admitting Albania and Macedonia could further stoke anti-immigration sentiment. More specifically opponents have cited needed reforms in each country across three major areas: judiciaries, corruption and organised crime.
With an EU summit scheduled for this Thursday, today's meeting will be a last-ditch attempt to save the accession talks. However, it is very unlikely that an agreement will be reached in time for the summit. Just last Thursday, the Dutch parliament blocked the opening of talks with Albania, and the parliament has yet to reverse its resolution opposing accession.
While joining will likely be unsuccessful this time around, this does not mean it will never happen. However, until opposition states receive the necessary go-ahead on the domestic level, any negotiations will remain stalled.
Wake up smarter with an assessment of the stories that will make headlines in the next 24 hours. Download The Daily Brief.


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Linda Bloom
is a licensed clinical social worker and educator. She and her husband Charlie are cofounders of Bloomwork and coauthors of Secrets of Great Marriages: Real Truth from Real Couples about Lasting Love and 101 Things I Wish I Knew When I Got Married. They have facilitated workshops internationally since 1986.
No workshops for this leader.
It looks like we don't have any upcoming workshops scheduled for this leader.


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The Champaign County Library is excited to announce the public availability of thousands of movies, television shows, music albums and audiobooks, all available for mobile and online access through a new partnership with hoopla digital – all you need is a valid library card and PIN number!
CCL card holders can visit hoopladigital.com or download the free hoopla digital mobile app on their Android or IOS device or to begin enjoying thousands of titles – from major Hollywood studios, record companies and publishers – available to borrow for instant streaming to their smartphones, tablets and computers. [Note: Most titles are available for download only on iOS (iPad/iPhone/iPod Touch) devices.]
hoopla digital has a simple sign-up and attractive, easy-to-use interface, so it's easy to get to your listening and viewing experience. There's also no waiting to borrow popular movies, TV shows, albums or audiobooks. And hoopla digital's automatic return feature eliminates late fees.
To access the system on your mobile device, you will need to visit hoopladigital.com or download the FREE hoopla digital app from the App Store on your Android or IOS device. Simply 'Sign Up' to get started.
Items are borrowed for the following lengths:
Movies and TV Shows: 3 Days
Music Albums: 7 Days
Audiobooks: 21 Days
Check out this YouTube video for more information: http://youtu.be/4_UM4RJsiHs
Attached below is our pamphlet on hoopla, as well as a simple step-by-step guide to accessing and using hoopla.
|How to hoopla.pdf
|hoopla Brochure - FAQ and Instructions.pdf
|Hoopla on Kindle Fire HDX.pdf


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Cayden Hughes Buttram was born along with his twin brother Cooper Andrew Buttrum on Monday night, July 10. Cayden died on Wednesday, July 12. Cayden's parents, Lauren and Brad, knew he had an uphill battle. A problem pregnancy, in utero issues that denied him needed nutrients, a premature birth at only 2 lbs, 13 oz, and the quick onset of an infection spelled trouble for Cayden. His brother Cooper was a little bigger, had the necessary nutrients all along, and he is doing well. But Cayden didn't make it.
I don't understand these things any more than you do. Why does one twin live and the other die? We know God knits us together in our mother's womb. We know we are fearfully and wonderfully made. We know Jesus loves children … and then this. As a pastor I've grieved with parishioners over a miscarriage and buried my share of babies. Some, like Cayden, didn't last long out of the womb. Some fell victim to SIDS a year or two into life. It's all hard. It all hurts. It all leaves us with more questions than answers.
I woke up in the middle of the night with the Buttrums on my mind. As I was laying there praying for the family, the Lord put a thought in my head about Cayden: "All he ever knew was love."
Since the pregnancy test came back positive, Cayden was loved—parents and doctors doing all the right things.
Upon his birth into this world on Monday, Cayden was loved. Incubation, intubation, and IVs may not feel or look like love, but that's what it is—love that fights for life and health and well-being. There's not a lot Mom, Dad, and family can do in this situation except pray and touch and speak life and love over the child. That's what they did.
And when Cayden shut his eyes in death on Wednesday, he was swept up into the arms of Jesus who loves him best of all. I don't know how all this works in heaven, but I do believe this: Cayden is experiencing the love of his Savior and the love of believing family that preceded him in death. It is well with his soul. And on the last day, his tiny body will be resurrected just like yours and mine.
In just two short days of life on this earth, all he ever knew was love. He never experienced abuse of any kind. He never dealt with the betrayal of a friend. He never felt the sting of guilt over his sins. Nobody ever broke his heart. He never stood over the grave of a loved one who meant the world to him. He never wrestled with feelings of failure. I realize, as do you, that such things are all part of life, that they shape us into the persons we become, that wounds and scars hurt in the moment but can reap the benefits of maturity and a closer walk with Jesus. Like his family, I wish Cayden could have lived a long full life. But if you only get 28 weeks in the womb and two days in the world, all you ever know is love, and the only memories people have of you will be cherished ones, well … you've lived a pretty wonderful life.
Cayden, I can't wait to meet you on the other side.


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text: I bought a new car on Friday. We always give our old car to our son and in turn trade his car. I had to drive almost 600 miles today to get the old car. We were surprised to discover that it gets a little better gas mileage than the one we just gave him and the air conditioner works much better. We gave him a 6 year old car with 8000 miles in exchange for an 11 year old car with 190000 miles.