text:
- Research article
- Open Access
Distribution of transferrin binding protein B gene (tbpB) variants among Neisseriaspecies
- Odile B Harrison1Email author,
- Martin CJ Maiden1 and
- Bachra Rokbi2
© Harrison et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
- Received: 31 August 2007
- Accepted: 22 April 2008
- Published: 22 April 2008
Transferrin binding protein B (tbpB), an outer membrane lipoprotein, is required for the acquisition of iron from human transferrin. Two tbpB families have been documented in Neisseria meningitidis: an isotype I tbpB gene of 1.8 kb and an isotype II tbpB gene of 2.1 kb, the former expressed by meningococci in the disease-associated ST-11 clonal complex and the latter found among meningococci belonging to the hyper-invasive clonal complexes including ST-8, ST-18, ST-32, ST-41/44 as well as N. gonorrhoeae isolates. The origin of the isotype I tbpB gene is unknown, however several features in common with non-pathogenic Neisseria and the ST-11 clonal complex N. meningitidis isolate FAM18 have been documented leading to the hypothesis that the isotype I tbpB gene may also be shared between non-pathogenic Neisseria and ST-11 meningococci. As a result, the diversity of the tbpB gene was investigated in a defined collection of Neisseria species.
Two families of isotype I tbpB were identified: family A containing conserved genes belonging to ST-11 meningococci, N. polysaccharea and N. lactamica isolates and family B including more diverse isotype I tbpB genes from N. sicca, N. mucosa, N. flava, N. subflava as well as N. cinerea, N. flavescens and N. polysaccharea isolates. Three isotype II tbpB families were identified with: family C containing diverse tbpB genes belonging to N. polysaccharea, N. lactamica, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis isolates, family D including another subset of isotype II tbpB genes from N. lactamica isolates and family E solely composed of N. gonorrhoeae tbpB genes.
This study reveals another instance of similarity between meningococci of the ST-11 clonal complex and non-pathogenic Neisseria with the origin of the isotype I tbpB gene resulting from a horizontal genetic transfer event occurring between these two populations.
- Neisseria Meningitidis
- Clonal Complex
- Moraxella Catarrhalis
- Neisseria Species
- Gonorrhoeae Isolate
The genus Neisseria contains 12 species and biovars colonising humans most of which are non-pathogenic colonisers of the upper respiratory tract [1, 2]. Only two species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiological agent of gonorrhoea and Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of meningitis and septicaemia worldwide, regularly cause disease in humans [3, 4].
A major determinant in the survival of Neisseria within the human host is the ability to acquire iron, the majority of which is not circulating freely in the human body but is stored in ferritin and haemoglobin or is complexed with the glycoproteins transferrin and lactoferrin [5]. Neisseria have devised ways to counteract this iron limitation through the evolution of several high-affinity receptor systems including the lactoferrin binding proteins A and B, the transferrin binding proteins A and B, and the haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor HpuAB, each composed of an accessory lipoprotein subunit and a TonB-dependent gated porin [6–11]. In addition, Neisseria can obtain iron through the expression of the surface-exposed haemoglobin receptor HmbR [12, 13].
Based on antigenic and genomic features of TbpB and tbpB, N. meningitidis isolates can be classified into two major families: isotype I (tbpB gene of 1.8 kb and TbpB protein with a mass of approximately 68 kDa) and isotype II (tbpB gene of 2.1 kb and TbpB protein with a mass of approximately 80 to 90 kDa) [14]. Isotype II tbpB genes have been documented in several N. meningitidis clonal complexes including ST-8, ST-32, ST-18 and ST-41/44 as well as non-pathogenic Neisseria [14–17]. Isotype I tbpB genes, on the other hand, have solely been identified among N. meningitidis isolates belonging to the ST-11 clonal complex and have not been detected among other Neisseria species. Four tbpB families were recently described based on partial nucleotide sequences from serogroup A clonal complex ST-4 N. meningitidis and N. lactamica isolates collected in The Gambia [16, 17]. Families one and four contained diverse isotype II tbpB alleles from N. meningitidis and N. lactamica isolates and families two and three included isotype I tbpB alleles. Importantly, among the 138 isolates analysed (98 serogroup A ST-4 meningococci, 12 unrelated meningococci, 22 N. lactamica isolates, and 6 unidentified Neisseria spp.) only three isotype I tbpB alleles were found, all of which belong to meningococci [16, 17].
Meningococci from the ST-11 clonal complex have been a major cause of meningococcal disease worldwide throughout the last century and despite low carriage rates continue to be associated with disease [18]. In addition to the isotype I tbpB gene, ST-11 meningococci can be distinguished from other hyper-virulent clonal complexes by the absence of an opcA gene and the possession of a class 2 porB gene [19–21]. Furthermore, similarities between the ST-11 clonal complex isolate FAM18 and non-pathogenic Neisseria spp. have been reported including the clustering of pilE sequences [22] and the comparable genetic organisation of the opcA negative locus in two N. polysaccharea isolates [23]. Taken together, these observations indicate the occurrence of specific horizontal genetic exchange events between commensal Neisseria and ST-11 meningococci which may have contributed to the described genetic isolation of this clonal complex [24]. The origin of the isotype I tbpB gene is unknown. Consequently, the distribution of the gene in a defined collection of Neisseria spp. was investigated with the hypothesis that the isotype I tbpB gene was present in other Neisseria spp.
Identification of the tbpBgene
Summary of tbpB families and nomenclature used
TbpB Family
size (kb)
tbpB isotype
Previous designation [16, 17]
tbpB A
Families 2 & 3
N. meningitidis clonal complex ST-11, N. polysaccharea and N. lactamica
tbpB B
N. polysaccharea, N. sicca, N. cinerea, N. mucosa, N. flava, N. subflava and N. flavescens
tbpB C
Family 1
N. meningitidis belonging to the clonal complexes ST-32, ST-41/44, ST-8, ST-18, N. lactamica, N. polysaccharea and N. gonorrhoeae
tbpB D
Family 4
N. meningitidis and N. lactamica
tbpB E
N. gonorrhoeae
Functional assessment of the protein was beyond the scope of the present study. Nevertheless, previously documented putative transferrin binding sites were observed based on predicted translations of the nucleotide sequences [26, 27]. In particular, the highly conserved domains N3, N4 and C3, critical for efficient iron uptake and located in both the N- and C- terminal segments among isolates N. gonorrhoeae FA19, N. meningitidis M982, Moraxella catarrhalis 4223 and Acinetobacter pleuropneumoniae serotype 7, were also identified [27]. Domain N3 (residues 377 to 388 in N. gonorrhoeae FA19) displayed 100% sequence identity in both isotype I TbpB families, whereas six non-synonymous changes were observed among isotype II TbpB. Domain N4 (residues 409 to 422 in N. gonorrhoeae FA19) was also highly conserved among isotype I TbpB with the occurrence of three non-synonymous substitutions. Five variable sites were present among isotype II TbpB. Domain C3 (residues 703 to 713 in N. gonorrhoeae FA19) showed the most diversity with the occurrence of four non-synonymous substitutions among both TbpB isotypes.
Phylogenetic relationships inferred from novel Neisseria tbpBsequences
All of the sequences were aligned manually with sequences starting from and ending at the same amino acid residue in each isolate. Published isotype I and II tbpB sequences from isolates B16B6, M982, 8680, 8726, 2713, 2717 and FA19, used in previous analyses [14, 16, 17, 27], were also included in the alignment as well as those from the sequenced genomes of N. meningitidis isolates FAM18, Z2491, MC58 and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090.
Phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using the software package ClonalFrame version 1.1, which is a statistical model-based method initially described for inferring bacterial clonal relationships using multilocus sequence data [28]. Inference is performed in a Bayesian framework and a neutral coalescent model is assumed based on the hypothesis that the bacteria in the sample come from a constant-sized population in which each bacterium is equally likely to reproduce, irrespective of its previous history. The key assumption of ClonalFrame is that recombination events introduce a constant rate of substitutions to a contiguous region of sequence with the end result that a clonal frame can be inferred. In the present study, over 50,000 iterations were performed with every hundredth tree sampled after which a 95% majority-rule consensus tree was derived. Annotation was then undertaken by importing the tree into the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software package (MEGA version 4.0) [29].
N. gonorrhoeae and commensal Neisseria isolates used in this study
Site of isolation
Country of origin
Genbank Accession No
N. gonorrhoeae 22584
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 25562
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 26034
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 26399
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 26593
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 27806
tbpB C
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 27886
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 27921
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 28197
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 28622
tbpB C
This study
N. gonorrhoeae 29528
tbpB E
This study
N. gonorrhoeae F62
tbpB C
This study
N. gonorrhoeae FA19
tbpB E
N. gonorrhoeae FA1090
tbpB E
N. lactamica 8064
tbpB C
[40, 41]
N. lactamica 2nd1
tbpB D
This study
N. lactamica 2nd94
tbpB A
This study
N. lactamica 2nd223
tbpB D
This study
N. lactamica 2nd290
tbpB C
This study
N. lactamica 2nd291
tbpB C
This study
N. lactamica 2nd292
tbpB C
This study
N. lactamica 1st170
tbpB A
This study
N. flava 30008
tbpB B
This study
N. subflava 9992
tbpB B
This study
N. mucosa ATCC 19696
tbpB B
[42, 43]
N. sicca ATCC 9913
tbpB B
N. flavescens ATCC 13120
CSF meningitis
tbpB B
[45, 46]
N. flavescens 414
tbpB B
N. flavescens ATCC 13119
CSF meningitis
tbpB B
N. flavescens 3536
CSF meningitis
tbpB B
N. cinerea ATCC 14685
tbpB B
[47, 49]
N. polysaccharea ATCC 43768
tbpB B
[47, 49, 50]
N. polysaccharea 90400
tbpB B
[23, 51]
N. polysaccharea 89356
tbpB C
N. polysaccharea 85322
tbpB C
[23, 53]
N. polysaccharea 87043
tbpB A
[23, 44, 51, 52]
N. polysaccharea P4-A
tbpB B
N. polysaccharea P7-A
tbpB A
N. polysaccharea P8-A
tbpB A
Three distinct isotype II tbpB families were apparent (Fig 1 and Tables 1 &2). Several gonococcal genes have clustered together and can be found in family tbpB E with families tbpB C and tbpB D containing genes belonging to N. lactamica, N. polysaccharea, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis isolates. Throughout the tree isolates have clustered by Neisseria species indicative of within species conservation of tbpB genes. The Genbank accession numbers for new tbpB genes sequenced in this study are listed in Table 2 as well as those belonging to previously submitted tbpB sequences.
Genetic diversity of the tbpBgenes
Genes belonging to family tbpB A were the least diverse (mean p-distance ranging from 0.001 to 0.040) with 85 polymorphic sites, the majority of which occur among N. polysaccharea and N. lactamica isolates. Overall, six fixed differences were observed between the genes of ST-11 meningococci and those of N. lactamica and N. polysaccharea with no shared polymorphisms between the two populations. Family B tbpB genes were more diverse (mean p-distance value 0.117) with 415 polymorphic sites. In a comparison of both gene families, there were 210 fixed differences and 54 shared mutations.
As expected, families tbpB C , D and E were more diverse (mean p-distances = 0.187, 0.140 and 0.112 respectively). Genes belonging to the N. polysaccharea isolates shared 99% identity with 16 segregating sites, seven of which encoded non-synonymous changes. N. lactamica tbpB genes were more diverse with 696 polymorphic sites while 829 polymorphisms were observed among N. gonorrhoeae tbpB genes. A total of 445 shared mutations were observed between N. lactamica and N. meningitidis tbpB C genes indicative of recombination, while only six were apparent between N. polysaccharea and N. meningitidis.
The aim of this study was to identify the origin of the isotype I tbpB gene. Previous observations have determined that these were confined to meningococci belonging to the ST-11 clonal complex [14, 32]. In contrast, isotype II genes were widely distributed among N. meningitidis clonal complexes and N. lactamica isolates [14, 16, 17]. The results presented here reveal the existence of isotype I tbpB genes among diverse Neisseria spp. Based on phylogenetic analysis these could be divided into two families: tbpB A containing genes homologous to ST-11 meningococci and tbpB B including more distantly related isotype I genes belonging to diverse non-pathogenic Neisseria spp. (Table 1 and Fig. 1). N. lactamica and N. polysaccharea isolates were found with both tbpB isotypes while, in agreement with previous studies, N. gonorrhoeae isolates solely contained isotype II tbpB genes [25]. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of three isotype II families, named tbpB C through to tbpB E . Family C contained genes belonging to N. lactamica, N. polysaccharea, N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae isolates, family D included another subset of isotype II tbpB genes belonging to N. lactamica and N. meningitidis isolates and finally, family E comprised N. gonorrhoeae genes (Table 1 and Fig. 1). In light of the tbpB families now present a new nomenclature is proposed according to published guidelines in bacterial genetics [31]. Previously, studies in tbpB genetic diversity focussed on a specific Neisseria spp. or meningococcal clonal complex and did not encompass all of the Neisseria spp. included in the present work [14–17, 25]. This inclusion has provided a more detailed analysis of tbpB diversity with the proposed nomenclature allowing more flexibility for future tbpB genes. Using this scheme genes can be grouped according to the family they belong to followed by an allele number.
A number of features are shared between clonal complex ST-11 N. meningitidis isolates and non-pathogenic Neisseria. Sequences upstream of the pilE gene from the class II pilin-producing N. meningitidis strain FAM18 were identical to the short region characterised upstream from N. polysaccharea pilE [22]. The N. polysaccharea isolate analysed (ATCC 43768) was included in the present study and harboured a tbpB gene similar to that of N. meningitidis isolate FAM18. Furthermore, opcA genes are absent among meningococci belonging the ST-11 clonal complex and were also undetectable among N. polysaccharea isolates 87043 and 90400 [19, 20], which were found in this study with isotype I tbpB genes. The identification of isotype I family A and B genes among Neisseria spp. is another characteristic shared with N. meningitidis isolates belonging to clonal complex ST-11 and is indicative of the occurrence of several horizontal genetic transfer events between non-pathogenic Neisseria, in particular N. polysaccharea and meningococci belonging to this clonal complex.
The evolutionary reasons leading to the existence of two tbpB isotypes among Neisseria are unknown. However, seclusion of isotype I tbpB to ST-11 clonal complex meningococci may be due to clonal expansion or selection for this isotype. Indeed, the isotype I TbpB protein has been shown to play an essential role in iron acquisition from human transferrin with isogenic mutants deficient in TbpB failing to grow on hTf as a sole iron source [33, 34]. Thus, both the TbpA and TbpB parts of the transferrin complex are critical. This was reflected in the lower diversity observed among tbpB genes belonging to families A (mean p-distance ranging from 0.001 to 0.040) and B (mean p-distance 0.117), highlighting the importance of this gene in contributing to the fitness of the organism. There has been selection for isotype I tbpB among meningococci belonging to the ST-11 clonal complex such that it has become restricted to this clonal complex. In contrast, isotype II tbpB genes have been found to provide a purely facilitating role such that TbpB-deficient mutants were only incapacitated with slower growth [34]. This has been confirmed in isogenic mutagenesis studies of both TbpA and TbpB in N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis (which all contain isotype II-like tbpB genes) [35–37]. The non-essential role the isotype II tbpB gene has in iron acquisition may contribute to its hyper-variability. Indeed, Zhu et al found that the high rate of import among isotype II tbpB genes, although providing a temporary advantage because of antigenic composition, resulted in reduced fitness of the isolates [16, 17]. The higher recombination patterns observed in the present study among isotype II tbpB genes (Fig. 2b &2C) combined with the deeper phylogeny seen (Fig. 1) support this.
This work investigated the distribution of the two tbpB variants among Neisseria spp. and aimed to discover the origin of the isotype I tbpB gene. Results revealed this gene was found among diverse Neisseria spp. indicating the occurrence of a horizontal genetic transfer event between N. meningitidis and non-pathogenic Neisseria. Three features shared between ST-11 meningococci and non-pathogenic Neisseria have now been described: (i) the presence of isotype I tbpB genes (ii) the identical sequences upstream of the pilE gene and (iii) the analogous genetic organisation of the opcA negative locus.
A revised nomenclature was proposed according to the published guidelines [31]. The scheme now distinguishes isotype I tbpB genes into two new families: tbpB A and tbpB B the former contained tbpB genes closely related to ST-11 clonal complex meningococci, the latter included the more distantly related tbpB genes belonging to many non-pathogenic Neisseria species. The scheme also separates isotype II tbpB genes into three new families: tbpB C comprising tbpB genes from N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, N. polysaccharea and N. gonorrhoeae isolates, tbpB D consisting of tbpB genes from N. lactamica and N. meningitidis isolates and finally, tbpB E containing N. gonorrhoeae tbpB genes.
Growth of isolates and DNA preparation
The non-pathogenic Neisseria and N. gonorrhoeae isolates used in this study are listed in Table 2. Isolates were cultured overnight on GC agar (Difco) supplemented with 1% isovitalex (Oxoid) and grown at 37°C in the presence of 10% CO2. Boiled cell suspensions were prepared for each isolate. Briefly, a PBS solution of overnight GC grown bacteria was boiled for 5 minutes, centrifuged and the supernatant stored at +4°C before being directly used for PCR.
Nucleotide sequence determination
Primers used in this study
Primer base sequence (5' – 3')
Location from 5' end
tbpB forward primer
tbpB reverse primer
Intergenic space
Isotype I tbpB sequencing
Isotype I tbpB sequencing
Isotype I tbpB sequencing
Isotype I tbpB sequencing
Isotype II tbpB sequencing
Isotype II tbpB sequencing
Isotype II tbpB sequencing
Isotype II tbpB sequencing
Data manipulation and analysis
The tbpB nucleotide sequences were assembled using the Staden sequence analysis package [38] and all sequences aligned manually in the Seqlab alignment program (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.). Phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using the software package ClonalFrame version 1.1, which is a statistical model-based method initially described for inferring bacterial clonal relationships using multilocus sequence data [28]. In the present study, over 50,000 iterations were performed with every hundredth tree sampled after which a 95% majority-rule consensus tree was derived. Annotation was then undertaken by importing the tree into the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software package (MEGA version 4.0) [29].
The level of sequence diversity between tbpB genes was assessed by calculating p-distances within each tbpB family revealing the proportion (p) of nucleotide sites at which sequences differed. These analyses were conducted using MEGA. The number of fixed differences and shared polymorphisms were obtained using the software DnaSP [39]. Old and new accession numbers for tbpB genes are listed in table 2.
This work was funded by a Marie Curie fellowship provided by the European Commission and the Human Potential programme. The authors would like to thank D. Caugant (NIPH Norway), P. Kriz (NIPH Czech Republic), C. Ferreirós (Universidad de Santiago, Spain), JM. Alonso and MK. Taha (The Pasteur Institute, France), Y. Qvarnström (Uppsala University, Sweden), N. Bilek (Imperial College, UK), R. Tsang, (National Microbiology Laboratory, Canada) and N. Saunders (University of Oxford, UK) for the kind donation of strains.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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We cannot care about homeless and want house prices to rise
ANYBODY who doubts that we can solve our housing shortage should take a look at a few aerial photographs of Europe's main cities in 1945.
These chilling tributes to the vicious effectiveness of the Blitz and the RAF Bomber Command show whole swathes of London or Berlin in ruins, but history shows that post-war governments overcame the subsequent housing shortages in a remarkably short time.
How did Clement Attlee or Konrad Adenauer do it? Perhaps it is easier to list what they didn't do. They didn't throw a few million at housing charities, tinker with mortgage relief or help first-time buyers. Instead, they accepted that there was a housing crisis and embarked on radical action.
William Beveridge is mainly remembered today for creating the blueprint for Britain's National Health Service, but that great Liberal politician also devised a housing policy in 1942 which went a long way to ensuring that most Britons had somewhere to live when the war ended. Beveridge was driven by a moral imperative; a belief that poor housing was a great evil that led to poverty and lack of hope and opportunity in Britain. "The greatest opportunity open in this country for raising the general standard of living lies in housing," was how he put it in 1944. His solutions were varied, effective and could be used today.
An early solution was pre-fabricated homes which were mass-produced in factories and could be sent anywhere in the country. By 1948, 125,000 had been assembled and distributed to areas in need. Many lasted for decades.
Another approach was the creation of 'new towns' such as Milton Keynes, Crawley, Bracknell, Basildon, Hatfield, Hemel Hempstead and Stevenage. To do this the government passed the New Towns Act in 1946. That removed most of the red tape faced by developers while also creating Development Corporations to ensure that schools, hospitals and green belts were also provided to the citizens of these towns. Back home in 21st-Century Ireland, we have done nothing to encourage the use of pre-fabricated homes or the construction of new cities. Pre-fabricated homes are popular all over the continent and could easily be exported here if we relaxed the planning laws and accepted that we want to solve the housing problem rather than pander to vested interests.
We could also follow Beveridge's lead when it comes to building new towns. There is certainly no shortage of land close to our main cities. We even have a template in Dublin's Docklands; a new quarter which houses tens of thousands of people in comfortable flats and is a tremendous success. While the authority which developed the docklands did not cover itself in glory, the decision to suspend the usual planning laws and allow high- density living has created a thriving area with much better facilities than the developments elsewhere in the capital which were built according to the mystifying precepts of our planning officials and An Taisce. It is a paradox that most of the world's great cities from Berlin to New York evolved during periods of fast growth and with lax planning regulations. Many of these developments remain highly desirable today.
Building is not the only solution. An astonishing one in 10 houses lies empty in Dublin, but could be filled if we slapped taxes on empty houses. The Residential Landlords Association believes there are something like 1,200 bedsits available which could be rented to those in need if councils did not insist on naff luxuries like en-suite bathrooms.
Finance Minister Michael Noonan is not stupid. He knows that we can, and indeed must, boost supply to resolve the housing crisis but he also knows that this solution will lead to falling house prices. As the only shareholder in the National Asset Management Agency and a major shareholder in our banks, Mr Noonan has every reason to worry about declining property prices and their effect on bank balance sheets.
As a politician of a mainstream party supported by voters who often own their home or languish in negative equity, Mr Noonan has every reason to fear what falling property prices will do to his party's electoral chances. That places the ball firmly in the electorate's court.
Voters cannot really pretend we care about homeless families and individuals if we also want property prices to rise. We have no difficulty understanding this equation when it comes to mundane areas of supply and demand. Everybody knows that a shortage of bananas will lead to high prices and prevent many people from munching bananas, but we struggle to accept the same logic when it comes to homes.
There is only one real a solution to the housing crisis; build more houses. Introducing the sort of radical solution would require voters to do two things; give developers a free reign and accept that houses prices should fall. Until the property-owning majority accept we need measures that will inevitably lead to house price declines, we will not be able to solve our problems.
Irish Independent

subset: commoncrawl


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A village hall committee has stopped people parking their cars in its car park overnight.
Braunston Memorial Village Hall had allowed a number of residents to leave cars on its premises because of yellow lines that prevented parking in nearby streets.
Those who took advantage included landlord of the nearby Wheatsheaf pub Glen Thompson, who had used a space for the last six years.
But after recent resurfacing, the village hall committee has written to residents telling them that the facility has been withdrawn.
Mr Thompson said: "Its unbelievably petty. They have a new car park and it seems like they don't want to dirty it with tyre marks.
"I was told by the committee that there were up to nine cars in there some nights.
"I'm looking across at the car park as we speak and it's completely empty.
"I've never seen nine cars there at once."
Anyone who leaves their car in the village hall car park overnight now runs the risk of having it towed away.
Mr Thompson said the new policy had impacted on his customers because some used to leave their car there rather than drive home.
Chairman of the village hall committee Graham Newman refused to discuss the matter with the Daventry Express, and referred our reporter to a letter sent by the committee to Mr Thompson.
However the letter gives no proper explanation of the reason behind the ban.
It says: "The committee has decided that it will stand by the original decision to prohibit overnight parking.
"I have also been asked to tell you that any previous arrangement, whether formal or informal, regarding parking in the village hall car park has been cancelled with immediate effect."


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Comhairle Cathrach Chorcaí|
Cork City Council
This section contains copies of archival material from the Cork City and County Archives that relate to the Housing Department.
Report of Special Committee on Labourers' Dwellings 9th May 1889
>Public Housing Plan 1919 (PDF)(420KB)
Reports of City Solicitor and City Engineer on the Housing (Ireland) Act 1919.
Report of the Housing Department of the Local Government Board on sites submitted by Corporation in connection with the Housing Scheme. 2nd October 1919.
ArchivesEsatate Papers (PDF)(245KB)


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Scholarly Discussion: Based mostly on what you have got realized in the course so far, focus on the similarities and differences between the philosophies of wellness presented this week. Talk about how they relate to the idea of wellness as outlined in this course, how they relate to specific challenges or supports for wellness, and how studying about different philosophies may have influenced your individual conceptualization of wellness. Medical care – from doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, radiologists, health visitors, midwives, the whole shooting match, is free of cost always. As nursing care is delivered within a body work of independent relationships wth physicians and a multiplicity of different health care personnel. The most generally used methods of nursing care are task evaluation and high quality management.
There are many assets on campus and in the community to address your health issues, get assist if you need it, reply robust health questions and create the constructing blocks to a healthy future. Our cycling lessons shall be supplied commonly using the revolutionary RealRyder® bike. This provides a complete new range of movement, permitting you to show, lean and steer like never before on an indoor bike. It really redefines the normal biking exercise and is the closest factor to actually being on the road.
Golf: Courses at Nationwide Park Service sites will close for the shutdown. So at the very least we've that going for us.David Corn is considered one of my favorite reporters writing on Mother Jones and is among the talking-heads on MSNBC tv. I wish to add his piece in the direction of making the purpose that the present authorities shutdown, is done by individuals who do not want Obama and wish him impeached, even when he has performed nothing fallacious.
Imagining your self in a calming location. For instance: … Read More ...


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Martial Arts HQ – Adults/Teens
Click the video to watch
We have a full-time Martial Arts schedule at the Ontario Self Defence Centre in Whitby. Our Martial Art is based on Concepts vs Techniques, Self Protection vs Sports, Reality vs Tradition and is Flowing vs Rigid. It is from the internal Kung Fu family and is based on the Five Element Theory, which appeals to kids 7+ to adults. Self-improvement, strong ethics, and confidence are the key focus of our martial arts education.
At our Martial Arts HQ, we deliver a holistic safety and survival education. Based on our Wu Xin Kung Fu, our members become more confident in their physicality, coordination, and mental discipline. What makes us different is all our training is tapered towards practical application for real problems that we would encounter in the real world. What we teach is real solutions to real problems. Practical and Efficient, not repetitive regurgitation, we help the individual prepare for spontaneous and non-scripted challenges and form a stronger human being capable of taking on the obstacles they will encounter throughout their lifetime.
At our Martial Arts HQ, we don't just teach the physical application of martial arts but all aspects of healthy living, achieving goals and becoming a strong and kind human being. Our martial arts are flowing, powerful and efficient and we teach it with an honest heart with the desire to improve each other at every session. At the Martial Arts HQ, our focus is based on reality self-protection, but with your genuine safety in mind. Our qualified instructors paired with our professional teaching method make us a great choice for you and your families safety education and martial arts training.
We teach kids martial arts and adults martial arts based on our unique and effective Kung Fu System. Our Martial Arts HQ is centrally located in the Durham Region in Whitby and is also ideal for residents of Ajax, Pickering, Brooklin, Oshawa and Clarington/Courtice. However, we also have people come to us from Scarborough and Bowmanville as our training is original and the highest quality you will find.
Our Education
The Martial Arts HQ have a structured curriculum that we believe will give you the highest quality of martial arts education you can find. Our goal is to help you or your child to elevate to the greatest heights of your individual potential. Not only physical skills but personal growth, people skills and core life values. You will become confident here with us.
Our environment is great fun for all ages and the character development and martial art skills you will acquire are truly the tip of the iceberg. We constantly innovate our methods and our HQ to help ourselves and you become more successful in achieving your goals.
Everything you learn with us has a focal point of reality-based self-protection and personal safety. No Sports tournaments or twirling weapon games, we believe you train specifically for your purpose and our mission is personal safety and personal development. Becoming stronger, fitter and healthier goes hand in hand with your skill development and our mission is to educate and build up our members in every way.
The Physical and Mental Benefits of Martial Arts
Martial arts programs demand a lot from a person both physically and mentally. While there are myriad advantages in both respects, this activity primarily targets a few areas when it comes to a person's fitness — strength, Cardio health, and coordination. But mastery of martial arts requires more than just physical prowess; it also requires extensive mental conditioning. Through martial arts training, participants stand to develop an acute awareness of dangerous situations, helping them to avoid and escape trouble, and reap the following health benefits:
Cardio and Muscle Development
Martial arts programs are cardio- and calisthenics-based, participants experience improved cardiovascular and circulatory systems, which helps to prevent fatigue, shallow breathing, and heart disease. Furthermore, cardio aids in weight loss while strength training works to pack on muscle mass and create a more resilient body that is much harder to injure. The right martial arts program will strengthen your body from the inside out increasing tendon and ligament strength as well as the desired outside appearance of muscle tone and definition.
Reflex and Coordination
The key is in learning how best to take that hit and get back up
Unfortunately, this lesson seems to be lost on many in our every-kid- gets-a- trophy culture. In the martial arts, your kid will learn to fail. Half of martial arts is hitting, but half is also getting hit. The acceptance of sometimes getting hit, will lead me to a better response, maneuver, and anticipation. Ironically, learning how to take a hit is perhaps the best way to learn how to avoid it.
Mental Centeredness and Clarity
In order to successfully defend yourself, you must develop an impenetrable mindset of intention and focus. Learning to do so not only helps you keep thinking in dangerous situations, but also works to elevate self-esteem, regulate emotions, and reduce stress. The discipline required to achieve this state of mind will also assist you professionally and socially. So through martial arts training, you will feel better and see the world in a new way.
Listen to your body, hear your thoughts and have heightened awareness of your emotional construct. A martial artist is taught to see, feel, and listen – both internally and externally. Tapping into intuition, fear, and courage are examples of being able to put the physical together with the mental.
How often have we heard the phrase "being paralyzed with fear"?
We help give you the knowledge and training to be able to combat such a thing.
Benefits for our kids
Apart from those already mentioned, kids in our martial arts programs learn:
- Conflict Resolution
- Focus and Stillness
- Respect for self and others
- Self-Confidence & Self-Discipline
- Setting and achieving goals
- Improved listening and teamwork skills
- Improved socialization skills
Whether or not you are interested in life-preservation, fitness, or a means to de-stress, our martial arts program in Whitby can help you achieve all of these things simultaneously.
Give us a call at 905-410-1237 or CONTACT US or stop by the Ontario Self Defence Centre to learn more about the various mental and physical benefits as well as the programs available to you.


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Click here to view handouts from 2010 - 2013 conferences. (Under agenda, then archives)
Click here to view past conference highlights.
Presented at the 17th Annual Research Conference
Download Handouts: 501kb pdf
Session Number: 33 Room: Salon H
Presenting: Elizabeth McCauley; Anne Vander Stoep; Jennifer Pelton
All Authors for this paper: Elizabeth McCauley; Anne Vander Stoep; Jennifer Pelton
Presentation Type: paper presentation
Synopsis: The transition from middle school to high school is associated with declines in school performance and increased depression and behavioral problems. In collaboration with Seattle Public Schools, the University of Washington High School Transition Study is a randomized controlled trial of a skills-based prevention program (Coping and Support Training-- CAST) for at-risk students. Students with high scores on an 8th grade screen for depressive symptoms (N=88) were assigned to either the intervention condition (12 skills classes in spring of 8th grade, three boosters in fall of 9th grade, 4 parent sessions) or the control group. Preliminary findings on 9th grade target outcomes (e.g., depressive symptoms, substance use and skills acquisition) will be presented.
Date: Tuesday, March 2, 2004
Session Time: 10:15 AM - 11:45 AM
Presentation Time: 11:15 AM - 11:45 AM


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Goodevening Y'all! It has been one crazy week and weekend. Most of you have seen the news broadcasting the devastating weather here in NC with the Tornadoes. Unfortunately, my town and the surrounding areas were hit pretty bad.
My neighborhood was untouched...but these images above are about 5 min to 45 min away from here.
If you would like to help my fellow neighbors and the victims of the NC tornadoes, please visit http://www.triangleredcross.org/. Any amount helps...or if you would like to donate food items visit Food Bank of NC.
Also, Fellow North Carolinians in Raleigh & Durham...Lumber Liquidators is giving out FREE Tarps.
Thanks and God Bless for all that have lost everything!


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Call: +44(0)1225 816541 | Email: Turn on JavaScript to see the email address
Our range of high impact, weatherproof and corrosion resistant grit bins, are ideal for storing salt, grit or sand.
Perfect for both industrial and home use, we offer two sizes of grit salt bins as well as the more domestically suite salt boxes.
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Leafield Way, Leafield Industrial Estate, Corsham, Wiltshire SN13 9UD
Telephone: +44(0)1225 816500 Fax: 01225 816501 Email: Turn on JavaScript to see the email address
Leafield Environmental -
Copyright Leafield Environmental 2012


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Over the years, our approach to consultancy has evolved as the industry itself has changed. Successful brewers worldwide have come to recognize the importance of "Informed Analysis", and the Siebel Institute has created a different approach to consultancy that achieves exactly such a result. Rather than offering one or two consultants, the Siebel Institute draws from a worldwide team of experienced professionals with applied knowledge of every critical phase of this industry. Siebel Institute consultants blend decades of experience with up-to-the-minute knowledge of emerging trends and technologies, creating one of the best consultancy teams in the world.
From the time you contact Siebel Institute Consulting Services, you will see that we offer a unique level of service. In the initial phase of evaluation, you will work with a Siebel Institute Service Analyst to develop a "Needs Assessment Profile", defining your current operating standards, perceived realities, and desired outcomes. Our analyst then draws from our team of consulting experts, choosing a consultant (or multiple consultants) that best meets the demands of your project. Our consultant(s) will work with your company to thoroughly evaluate your operations, and provide solutions based on the collective experience of the entire Siebel Institute consultancy team. We can assist your company in improving every phase of brewing operations, including:
Give us an opportunity to talk with your company about how an investment in qualified consulting services can provide almost immediate financial returns. Contact Gary Grande, our senior consultant, with any proposed ideas you may have regarding your company. Mr. Grande will be pleased to give you more information about our consultancy process as well as a competitive estimate.


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The charting process begins at any point of encounter, starting with emergency. Medirex with their partner BEC emergency Systems provides vendor neutral best evidence clinical content and charting solutions to emergency department nurses and physicians. Our goal is to optimize the utilization of best evidence knowledge at the point of care.
In emergency a triage front end where nursing staff could collect patient demographics, determine triage level, type free text assessment and then print out charting document based upon the chief complaint.. The solution delivers a Physician, Nurse chart based upon the complaint. .
The software delivers the entire charting process including the ability to deliver arm banding (wristbands) for the common alerts and meets the National Patient Safety Agency standards. Not only does this best practice reduce the possibility of errors it reduces the workload of nurses and front line clerks.
At discharge the charting process can be completed with a simple discharge document of the patient and the emergency chart.


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Sunday, September 18, 2011
Prologue: the Modern Marriage
2 comments:
I couldn't agree with you more. I still get the occasional snide comment about why I don't have dinner cooked for Chris when he gets home at night. "Well he works so hard all day, he deserves a cool drink and dinner ready". Really? Now take those feelings you feel and imagine if you were home all day, raising a kid. How much MORE pressure there is to be Holly Housewife. Society has such a skewed view when it comes to traditional gender roles, and even though they can't be supported by any other than the very rich, they keep being passed down. Why?? Gah!ReplyDelete
How many others will read this with the pangs of familiarity?! Your post conjures up so many various conversations I used to have and I can completely relate to the comments Lily made. Remembering that day when those small yet powerful words come into play. In a past life chapter for me, I remember that internal debate that went on in my head, and really, never ended. All of my defenses kicked in and the visuals of husband and wife agreed with me perhaps just as well as spoiled milk. I chose not to use "wife" and "husband", rather, we would introduce each other as partner. Some friends when introducing or talking about me to others would revert back saying that others just "didn't understand", "it sounded as if we were gay" or "we're old-fashioned and it's just confusing". My response was always leaning towards the whole...if you don't respect these requests, you don't respect me. Anyway, they were long and drawn out discussions that I fought right up to the end. Even now....he is my ex-partner; my ex-partner in crime, my ex-partner in life, my ex-partner in whatever life had in store.ReplyDelete
As you continue to navigate this amazing chapter in your grand life adventure together, things will start clicking and working together. We are the generation that needs to recreate these words, it has to start somewhere!


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One day you're sniffing a lamppost behind the Kremlin, the next you're an integral part of a top-secret programme sending dogs to boldly go where no dogs have gone before.The search criteria weren't strict. No particular breed was targeted, instead placid mongrels were rounded up from Moscow's streets. There was one stipulation however; the stray had to be female. That would ensure that designing the suit would be "simpler".
But simple it isn't. "It's a very strange-looking contraption," admits Kevin Yates, space communications manager at the National Space Centre in Leicester. "The clear helmet is shaped like a dog's head, with laces to tie it up like a giant boot around the body."
This canine high-altitude pressure suit was created by the Soviets in the late 50s at the height of the space race. Dogs were strapped into the nose of a rocket before being fired 80km up, then returning to earth by parachute. "After being released from their suits, film footage shows the dogs running around, excited to see their owners," says Yates, "whereas it'd scare the living daylights out of most people."
Alas, Laika, the mongrel who became the first animal to orbit Earth, died during that mission on 3 November 1957, but such tests continued up to March 1961, when the successful return of the life-size mannequin "Ivan Ivanovich" and a canine crewmate gave Yuri Gagarin the green light for the first manned spaceflight a month later.
This is believed to be the first suit of its kind to go on display in the UK. It is the standout feature in the epic Space Race exhibition that opens at the National Space Centre this weekend.


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Aaron, come back to us!
"I came to Residencia Gorila as a traveller who was looking for a cosy and intimate place to stay. And here I am two years later – taking care that everybody is happy and fed.
Aaron arrived in late November last year. I remember, that we didn't even talk for the first hour. That is very natural behaviour from my Scandinavian side, but unexpected from anybody else around this world. But exactly that was the moment when I started to respect him, because he respected my speed of building relationship. He was just sitting in the bar and telling his life story from New Zealand to Hawaii through Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Japan and Alaska. He told about his strong passion for ocean and all the projects he is doing to preserve it. Then he finally came to me, helped me to wash the dishes and so we became friends. He showed me how to boil eggs without shell. He taught me to enjoy the sound of burping, even in the middle of the song. He helped his partner to paint me on a 8m high wall, made stars out of my freckles and put moon in my armpit. He made my darkness to shine! He almost died hunting the lionfish 30 meters deep in the ocean, but was helping me wash the dishes again just few hours later. Together we were Conquerors of the Useless, who sail in sand towards 1st January sunrise. Together we entertained and fed strangers who later returned as friends. Together, together, together… And then he went back home happy. And I'm happy, too. If there is place where he feels better than in Tulum beach, than it must be fucking amazing place. But I know that he will come back. Because it's not about the place. It's not about the art. Its even not about ocean conserving and world saving. It's about people who we meet on the way. I wish for you all to meet Aaron one day. And I hope he will invite me to his wedding. Aaron?!" – Liva Olina about Harah Akaishi
3 Comments
Radio Station Sales And Programming ConsultantAugust 11, 2014
Its hard to find good help
I am forever saying that its hard to find good help, but here is
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It's been quite sometime when I last seen this type of boxers (briefs or underwear) worn by my godfather in the 60s and 70s;
Saw this pair of boxers at the "Stamp Museum" second floor. Yep, most of them were like pajamas stripes type of pattern, though some were just dark blue plain color – those worn by my father.
I've always wonder where do they sell such boxers or all are self-made? Of course, nowadays the boxers come in plenty of nice design. Why I call it Ah Gong's Boxers? Simply because I think it' from my Grandfather's generation up haha.


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Search terms
Look beautiful, feel great!
Full-body foldable solarium (1200 W) with 3 compact UV lamps, memory function and built-in timer. Attractive dark green colour. See all benefits
Look beautiful, feel great!
Full-body foldable solarium (1200 W) with 3 compact UV lamps, memory function and built-in timer. Attractive dark green colour. See all benefits
The Sunmobile can easily be folded thanks to the folding system. Folding and unfolding the product takes a matter of seconds thanks to the strong gas spring inside. Once folded the product can be stored out of sight when it is not in use. This truly saves you a lot of space in your house or apartment.
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The cord can be wrapped around the heel rest, so that the appliance is easy to store.


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Current Courses/Classes
Current Class/Course Opportunities
Comprehensive Iridology Level I
Nancy Rondone, CCII, CHNC
Comprehensive Iridology Level II
Nancy Rondone, CHNC, CCII
Comprehensive Iridology
Ellen Tart-Jensen, Ph.D., D.SC., CCII
Rayid - Emotion Iris Analysis
(an additional class offered after above Iridology class)
Ellen Tart-Jensen, Ph.D., D.SC., CCII
San Marcos, CA 92069
Webinars/Seminars/Distant Learning Opportunities
IIPA Comprehensive Iridology Level I and Level II Course
Kathy Norris, D.Ir., CCII
"Live" On-Line Class
IIPA Level I and Level II Iridology Course
Be prepared for the IIPA Examination (Webinar based) Online Correspondence. For information, contact the Instructor.
Betty Sue O'Brian, ND, CCII
On-Line Worldwide Classes
Iridology Essentials
Constitutional Iridology
The Significance of the Collarette
The Pupil and its Border
Signs in the Sclera
Advanced Pigmentation Studies
Advanced Understanding of Lacuna Morphology
Phone: +617 55224557
Toni Miller, ND, DHM, MII, CCII, F.Ir.
Advanced Iridology - CEUs: 20
Online Course, instructor assisted. This class focuses on advanced terminology and methods in personality iridology, sclerology and traditional iridology.
Betty Sue O'Brian, ND, CCII
Anatomy & Physiology
On-Line Course - A thorough Anatomy and Physiology course to prepare students for using Iridology to help others.
Wanda J. Seitz, ND, CCII
Confident Nutritionist (Iridology I & II Especially for Nutritionists and Herbalists)
Learn Iridology and how to integrate it with nutrition and herbology to give you more confidence and to reduce the amount of extra 'homework' you don't get paid for that you do for each client.
Judith Cobb, M.H., CCII, CNC
Especially for Nutritionists and Herbalists
Free live webinars designed to introduce nutritionists and herbalists to Iridology. We meet online once a month for about 45 minutes.
Judith Cobb, M.H., CCII, CNC
Family Herbalist - CEU: 8
This course helps participants to take charge of their health and their family's health by learning herbal simpling, in other words, learning uses, practices of herbs and herbal therapies. At the completion of this course, the participant will receive a Family Herbalist Certificate.
Wanda J. Seitz, ND, CCII
Family RBTI (Reams Biological Theory of Ionization) - CEU: 5
CEU: 5 - Online Correspondence, open enrollment. Family RBTI uses the practice of Reams Testing (The Reams Biological Theory of Ionization) to effectively measure bodily fluids for imbalance and also how to bring those back into balance.
Wanda J. Seitz, ND, CCII
Integrated Iridology Constitutions - ONLINE
Toni Miller, ND, DHM, Int Irid
Integrated Iridology Essentials - ONLINE for beginners or post grads
Toni Miller, ND, DHM, Int Irid
Introduction to Iridology or "Family Iridology" - CEU: 4
CEU: 4 - Online course. In the Family Iridologist Course, students will learn enough to understand the differences in health and personality among those with blue, brown and hazel irises.
Wanda J. Seitz, ND, CCII
Iridology Practice with Judith Cobb
Judith Cobb, M.H., CCII, CNC
Traditional Naturopath
Iridologists who are looking for additional CEU's can take this online course to become a Certified Health Coach and Traditional Naturopath. Certification for completing entire course via AADP.
Betty Sue O'Brian, ND, MS, CCII
Visit websites for more information.
RBTI (Reams Biological Theory of Ionization) Professional - CEU: 16
CEU" 16 - RBTI is used to determine the level of health and wellness an individual's lifestyle and diet choices are providing them. RBTI allows you to understand the chemical reactions taking place in the body chemistry that is creating inflammation, toxicity, cell degeneration as well as cell regeneration and true health.
Wanda J. Seitz, ND, CCII
Sclerology 101 - CEU: 10
On-Line Course in practical Sclerology. Online and Live 24 hours a day! For complete course requirements and fees, contact the Instructor.
Betty Sue O'Brian, ND, CCII


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As a Singaporean, I don't understand why are the politicians still talking about the issue which was closed years ago.
The bombing of MacDonald House too place on March 10, 1965. BEFORE SINGAPORE WAS SINGAPORE.
I've talked to many older people in Toa Payoh, Tiong Barhu and various housing estates whether they cared about what happened in 1965, and ALL of them simply answered, there were many things that exploded and burnt down in those days, as long as they don't do it again, what Indonesia name their warship is their business.
I don't really feel that any country would want to remember their soldiers for bombing and killing people, but the fact that they are considered war heros and Lee Kuan Yew was ok with that, I guess the book is closed.
It is a totally non-issue, but the PAP ministers seemed to be unable to let things go, and Singapore Media have to cover the whole story over and over again, to somehow show their protest to Indonesia and ask for another apology?
I have two words for Foreign Minister K. Shanmugam. "Move On."
If Indonesian warships are named "K. Shanmugam My Ass" perhaps, then he will have a case to ask them to rename their warship.
By the way, if I have a new "toy" I think you would know what I would name it next.
-- Ironbowl


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GFCF Thanksgiving Menu – Gluten & Dairy Free
Posted on November 10, 2011
In many ways, Thanksgiving is the ultimate work preparedness test – think about it! Imagine what Craigslist ad for the job posting might look like… Now Hiring: Project Manager/Banquet Chef (Nationwide) Are you a Big Picture person? Can you make a plan and execute it? Can you multitask like your life depended on it? Can Continue Reading »
Gluten Free Fish Sticks (Dairy Free/GFCF)
Posted on November 7, 2011
Gluten Free, Dairy Free Fish Sticks s 3 eggs, lightly beaten 1/2 cup gluten free all purpose flour or sweet rice flour 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper 6 Tablespoons unsalted butter (or non-dairy alternative), melted 1 Tablespoon gluten free dijon mustard 1 Tablespoon fresh lemon juice 1 Tablespoon fresh dill, chopped Continue Reading »
Moroccan Inspired Stuffed Acorn Squash – Dairy Free & GFCF
Posted on November 4, 2011
A perfect dish for the holidays (or all of those days in between!), this quick and easy recipe is elegant and satisfying. Serve as a hearty side dish or light entree and your family will be begging you for more! For a casual weeknight meal idea, divide the cooked squash into 1/8ths and serve as Continue Reading »
Best Ever Italian White Bean Soup GFCF & Vegan
Posted on October 18, 2011
It is autumn, and you know what that means: soup season is in full swing! From creamy purees to hearty chills to broth-based comfort food, nothing can beat a bowl of warm, homemade soup on a chilly autumn or winter's day! Here is my recipe for my absolute favorite Italian White Bean Soup — it Continue Reading »
Gluten Free Perfect Pumpkin Recipes
Posted on October 17, 2011
I have a confession. s I love pumpkin. Pumpkin bread, pumpkin scones, pumpkin pie, pumpkin muffins, pumpkin ice cream, pumpkin soup, pumpkin bars, pumpkin seeds, roasted pumpkin — (all gluten free of course!) the list goes on and on and on. If it has pumpkin in it, I'm probably eating it right now. As soon Continue Reading »
Gluten Free Chili – Comfort Food Classics
Posted on October 4, 2011
After a long day, what is better than coming home to a warm bowl of gluten free chili? Packed with protein, rich in flavor and perfect for make-ahead cooking, chili is one of autumn and winter's finest foods. Easy to prepare, chili can be made in a crockpot or slow cooker before work or school Continue Reading »
Menu Monday: Spring Lunch Menu
Posted on March 28, 2011
The perfect menu for this week! In most locales, it's still too cold (and damp) to go out for a picnic lunch, so stay warm and dry with this menu that perfectly combines cozy comfort food with light spring flavors! Don't forget, Orange and Lemon Day is on Thursday so be sure to try out Continue Reading »
ABC's of Gluten Free Back to School Planning
Posted on September 15, 2008
Recently I've been to several gluten-free conventions and have had the pleasure to either instruct cooking classes or lecture on how to eat well on a gluten-free diet. Inevitably, simply due to the large number of children diagnosed with Celiac disease, the question arises about what to send with our Celiac kids to school. Through Continue Reading »
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Shirleybird Jewellery
Olympia Necklace
Regular price $34.95
Choose from 17 different Czech glass stones or 4 different jade colours. Pendant comes on a 16 inch chain with an extra two inch extension. Chain is finished with a 4mm crystal (colour is at random).
- Pendant 1.4 inches
- Nickel and lead free
- Tarnish resistant
- Choose between rhodium or gold


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11 Jan 2014 03:11
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I don't tend to do the April Autism Awareness stuff, as I'm quite aware of autism thanks very much, as are those who read this blog. I do sometimes use this month as an opportunity to promote awesome autistic people aside from my kids, like I did here - http://sharon-theawfultruth.blogspot.com.au/2011/04/great-moments-from-spectrum.htmlsome years back.
But this year I'm more focussed on the difficulties that can come with autism, both personally and more broadly. As my last post on wandering attests, autism has challenges, along with the many fascinating and wonderful attributes it can lend. To that end I'm choosing to focus on sharing resources that I hope will help people struggling with the hard stuff during April.
One of the best practical resources, particularly for those using visuals as teaching and communication aides or doing ABA Ive discovered recently is this wonderful website, http://therapics.org, by a mum who knows her stuff. You can find Phillippa on Facebook as well.


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Mugove Tafirenyika • 10 July 2017 2:36PM • 22 comments
HARARE - Zimbabwe's first Speaker of the National Assembly Didymus Mutasa who held many Cabinet posts before he was fired from Zanu PF in 2015, at the height of the party's infamous purges, has hit hard times as he is struggling to send his children to school and servicing huge debts including $70 000 owed to Zesa.
Mutasa, who turns 82 at the end of the month, is also battling to save his top-of-the-range cars from being auctioned over outstanding fees to a local lawyer.
Things are so bad for the veteran politician that he has revealed he is beginning to fear that his family could starve unless he gets help somewhere.
"I can't pay them (Zesa) with nothing. It is true that they say I owe them about $70 000 and I will not be able to pay it because I don't have that kind of money and will never be able to get it.
"I am lucky here that I depend on borehole water and if I was using Harare water, I would not be able to pay, I am poverty stricken," Mutasa told the Daily News.
"What is troubling me the most though is how it accrued to that amount because that is what could accrue to the Rusape local authority for a whole year and one wonders how all that accrued for one person?"
"I am telling you the truth and it's all because of the economic failure and very soon we might as well fail to pay for our food.
"I am not rich because unlike others, I did not even steal a pen when I left government and all that I was supposed to leave behind was properly accounted for.
"You are probably one of the first people that I have told my problems and one of the greatest ones is honesty," he added.
Mutasa is now a pale shadow of a politician who wore designer suits and lived in the lap of luxury during his long career in government and Zanu PF.
His sprawling Umwinsdale home was consistent with his current troubles as the shrubbery and gardens were showing wilting stress due to lack of consistent maintenance.
During the interview, the former Zanu PF secretary for administration, paused in between answers as if his mind was somewhere in the distance.
Mutasa was sacked from both government and Zanu PF together with other party stalwarts — who included former vice president Joice Mujuru and ex-Cabinet minister and the then spokesperson Rugare Gumbo — over untested allegations of plotting to topple President Robert Mugabe.
The former State Security minister has a huge family including children who are still going to school.
He told the Daily News how he has to live with the pain of being a butt of bad jokes by his former colleagues in Zanu PF who mock him over his current state.
"I am an ex-combatant and according to the policy (War Veterans Act) my children are supposed to be sent to school up to whatever level by government and why is that not happening to Mutasa?
"That is all because of corruption so they are even laughing at me yet they are the ones who are corrupt.
"Instead of laughing at me they should be asking why my children are not going to school," a despondent Mutasa told the Daily News.
Mutasa, however, said he was optimistic that his life and that of many ordinary suffering Zimbabweans, would improve once Mugabe leaves office.
He said Zimbabwe needed a leader of the calibre of Tanzanian President John Magufuli who would bring a radical transformation in the country.
"We pray sooner or later that they will change or some other authority will come into power and change the situation for the better.
"I am so fascinated by a certain Kenyan professor, Lumumba, who says there is need for the Magufulinisation of the African continent and I think he is right especially looking at Zimbabwe because there is too much corruption.
"We have to look at Magufuli's ideas and realise that Zimbabwe will not grow economically in the face of corruption and now I am telling you about my electricity bills because there is no money," said Mutasa.
Mutasa' attempts to revive his political career have not been met with success as the party that he helped launch together with Mujuru, Gumbo and other members after their expulsion from Zanu PF — the Zimbabwe People First (ZPF) — has been beset with problems.
In February, exactly a year after its launch, things unravelled at the ZPF when Mujuru fired Mutasa, Gumbo and five others on suspicion that they were spying for Mugabe and Zanu PF.
Immediately after Mujuru's announcement, Mutasa and Gumbo convened their own press conference and announced they had fired Mujuru.
Mujuru is now leading the National People's Party (NPP) which is battling to stem mass desertions by disgruntled members.
Welcome cde to the great pool of poverty. Join us on airtime business. Don't worry about the scoffers they will join us soon. I think by now you know know that the way up is always down.
yaah test the urine which you always made us to drink when you were in Zanu pf. i like that you are now also suffering like anyone else.
that's highly political grammar, he is enjoying life in sunsets
That's political grammar, he is enjoying life in sunsets. people be wise man like this one are likely ZANU PFUTSEKE spies
There is one thing his personal financial advisers failed to tell him to do, that he has to drastically adjust his lifestyle to suit the new outdoor environment which is very cold. To adjust he has to do away with luxuries like maintaining a fleet of luxury vehicles, adjusting from DSTV's Premium Bouquets to family access that costs a modest $10 per month, relocating to Budiriro or Hatcliffe extension where rates are lower and transferring children from expensive schools to relatively more affordable council schools that are all over Zimbabwe. It is the kind of suffering this man authored himself and should not blame his former employer who rightly dismissed him for poor performance.
kkkkkk. Mutasa azodonha manje. Listen to the guy who used to say we will carry mudhara wherever we go. Nhasi wavekudya nhoko dezvironda, kurumwa nechekuchera. What goes around indeed comes around. Please spare us the crocodile tears. coz Zanu pf yakakugadzirira size yako. Icho!!!
I know this guy well. 1. More than 80 years old and still has children in school? How many wives does he have? 2. You sent people to grab white farms around Rusape, when you don't have one or do you but nothing is being farmed there?Which means these are the people whose farms need to be taken back and given to the right owners. 3. I don't feel sorry for such people, when they were in Zanu you couldn't touch them. 4. I'm infact glad he's experiencing what everybody else does when you get tossed out of those chauffeured vehicles. Zimbabwe is not only for Zanu, everyone must do well so welcome.
politics is a dirty game, and it has two seasons sowing and reaping, now its time to reap what you sow Cde, i think all those involved in politics should learn from this, i think African politicians should know politics its not a career its a part time job, better done as a hobby than afulltime thing kkkkkkk ndaseka hangu
The War Vets Act needs to be reviewed immediately and a clause where war vets children school fees has to be repealed citizenry do not owe war vets anything and should not be forced to look after their children. Since 1980 the rest of the populace have endured what Mutasa is going through now no big deal well come to reality.
Endai kumusha kwenyu kwa Rusape asekuru vanozorora nedzimwe harahwa muchimwa mhamba. Munotozoona kuti ndimwi shasha mumusha imomo sezvo muchine masutu nematai enyu ekupfeka.
Welocome to the world of the living dead!
Wellcome to hell Mr Mutasa.Now you are tasting what we have been experiencing since the time you assisted Mugabe to destroy this country.You must not complain. I wish the difficulties would continue so that you really feel it. Do you remember how you brutalised others and even urinated on kaunye because of the makoni north constutuency. Do you remember how you used to say isai munhu tsvimbo mugotsi because he is MDC. Do you remember people who were beaten killed in vengere during your time as Minister. Teachers were taken to Tsanzaguru barracks and beaten up because of you people there. Please taste the madicine. We will never feel merciful
This is rich, coming from Mutasa. Perhaps let's remind him of his colourful past... 1. When confronted for his comment on news that food aid was been distributed along political lines to starving villagers; his response was Zimbabwe is overpopulated anyway and the govt can do with MDC supporters dying so we have less people who need food aid. 2. When confronted with Jestina Mukoko's abduction he denied state involvement and when she was found in Hatfield police station, he denied a state security operation took place. He would later on go to court as a defendant in her lawsuit and claim state security was not accountable to the courts and they did their job for the good of the state, they kept the enemies at bay. (I don't know when citizenry like Jestina became enemies - was it when she/they exposed the rot or when their abduction threatened him with accountability and paying out damages?) 3. When Tsvangirayi was almost killed by police in Highfield, he came out saying mapurisa anodhashura, stay clear of them. 4. When Dzamara was abducted by state operators again he would claim state privileges in protecting the country (again, protecting it from whom when you're butchering the very citizens that make up the state?) 5. I could go on...I'll stop here as the point I'm making is Mutasa you're no stranger to what is happening to you, it's just that now you're on the other side. You've never been a proponent of regime change, you just wanted to be back at the feeding trough and made a lot of noise so Mugabe could hear you and bring you back. This is just another tactic for him to bring you back into his fold. No sympathy given until he truly atones for his deeds. Start by telling us all you did as state security minister.
I do not believe that Mutasa is now a poor guy. Anyone who believes that would need to have their head examined by a witch doctor. This guy simply does not want to pay the bills mentioned in the article. This guy might not be the wealthiest guy in town but he is far from being poor. This guy still has access to the President. Remember that he once phoned the President and spoke to him. How many people can do that? I will not be hood winked to believe that he left Zanu PF.
Lest I forget....Christpowers Maisiri was a 12 year old son of an MDC opponent to Mutasa for the Headlands constituency. He was burnt to death while sleeping in his hut with his brothers. A 12 yearold lost his life through no wrong doing on his part or on his fathers' part. He died because Didymus Mutasa so loved power that he decided to unleash terror on those who would challenge him for power. And this is the same man who is coming here today expecting our sympathy. I shed all my tears for Christpowers a long time ago.
tsvaga basa oh i forgot there are no jobs thanks to your colleagues in zanu pf. wama******
File for bankruptcy old man. It's the only way out for you.
Sending children to school @ 80+? ...abuse of women, obviously the mothers are half his age. Crying 'poverty' living in Umwinsidale? ...no to crocodile tears. sale the property and I will let you a room in Makokoba. Now that you have come to your senses; you can identify what corruption is, you can criticise and appreciate zanu critics, my advice is ... reapply for your post back in zanu pf 2000000 up for grabs. Then join Jonathan and fight from inside
Mutasa 82 yrs old and still sending kids to school - man this guy is a bull of note with the younger ladies
I don't think he is poor at all. This is political language for you
Nyathi. You caught our eye.If it is life our dear,welcome to our world-the real one.
Readers are kindly requested to refrain from using abusive,
vulgar, racist, tribalistic, sexist, discriminatory and hurtful
language when posting their comments on the Daily News website.
Those who transgress this civilised etiquette will be barred from
contributing to our online discussions.
- Editor
© 2019 Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Made in ZimbabweDesign & development by C2 Media
C2 Media


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Monthly Payments
AAA Colorado now has a convenient monthly payment option! This is a great option to split up the cost of your AAA membership dues across the year instead of paying once annually. Here's what you need to know when you choose monthly payments:
- When you sign up for monthly payments, you are agreeing to a full year membership with AAA Colorado.
- Your account is automatically charged each month after you sign up – no need to remember to send in payment each month.
- A small fee of $1 per month is added to your monthly payment amount.
- You must pay with a credit card (or debit card) with this plan.
- At your annual renewal, you will be sent new cards, but the monthly payment will continue to be automatic unless you choose to cancel. Just let us know 15 days prior to your annual AAA membership expiration (the expiration date on your AAA card).
Joining with Monthly Payments
The cost you see on the join page is the annual cost. When you get to the payment options, you can choose monthly payments, and you will see that cost which includes the $1 monthly convenience fee. (Not currently available on gift membership purchases.)
Renewing with Monthly Payments
If you are already a AAA Colorado member and would like to change to monthly payments at your renewal, here is how. Once you log in, go ahead and click pay, then you can select the monthly payment option in the payment screen. The amount you see for the monthly payment includes the $1 monthly convenience fee.


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With 55-acres of tropical landscape, San Saba is a well-planned equestrian property with everything needed for the most discerning of polo groups. The two barns house 48 stalls and include seven tack rooms, laundry facilities, multiple wash racks, and a fly-spray system. Situated between the two barns is a staff house that includes a full kitchen, living space, two full bathrooms, and four bedrooms. The grounds of the property include 16 paddocks of varying sizes, a regulation size polo field with Tifton grass, a stick and ball field with Celebration grass, and an exercise track - all with underground irrigation. San Saba also has a lovely lake and a nature preserve, leaving plenty of room to relax and enjoy the great outdoors.
Listing courtesy of Engel & Volkers Wellington.


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Roles of Advisers: a Cal Poly Perspective:
By: Kathryn Rummell
The first recipient of the Outstanding Faculty Advisor Award
Because each college handles advising differently and faculty advisors' jobs vary even within colleges, your first task is to be sure you understand your role as a faculty advisor and how faculty advisors function within the department and college.
Do your majors come to their faculty advisors for help with the curriculum, rules and regulations, and special petitions? Or do they primarily seek faculty advisors' help with issues concerning professional training (standardized tests, internship opportunities, and the like)?
Are students assigned to advisors or do they choose their own based on their interests?
How many students will you typically advise, and how often will your advisees need to see you?
Will you be responsible for seeing students on academic probation?
If so, what does your department expect from your meeting?
In most cases, your department chair (or lead advisor) can help you understand your role as an advisor, but you should also get to know your college advisor; he or she can prove invaluable in answering questions and helping you navigate the advising system.
Once you understand what your advising responsibilities are, you are ready to meet your advisees. Regardless of your role, remember that your primary goal is to help students succeed at Cal Poly.
The First Meeting
At your first meeting with an advisee, you should begin by getting to know the student on an individual level (don't forget to introduce yourself!). This first meeting should establish a personal connection between you and your advisee so that he/she feels comfortable coming to you with questions and problems.
In addition, depending on your advising role, you might also go over a curriculum sheet with your advisee, highlighting the requirements for the degree (major/support courses, GE courses, free electives, GWR, USCP, upper-division requirements, and GPA requirements). End the meeting on a positive note, encouraging the student to check in with you at least once a year, more frequently if questions arise.
And finally, to help you remember your advisees, you might keep a file or note card for each advisee, indicating when you met with the student and what you discussed. Doing so means that you can easily get up to speed on the student's particular situation.


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After fighting a long battle with system DBAs, we got object logging enabled. This was primarily to assess the usage of NUSIs which were indiscriminately created. I estimated the size occupied by NUSI subtables to be 20% of all our perm space.
Now i can see that there are some counts registered against the indices, i'm perplexed as to whether there is any thumbrule/ metric/ thresholds which can be used to determine if a nusi is justified.
For eg, if teh table is accessed 2000 times and a particular NUSI only 40 times, then it is actually accessed on ly 2% of the times. Hence there might be no justification to still have it.
What are the factors that we would need to take into consideration for a NUSI? Would a USI or NUSI ever help in the case of joins(from what i have heard, it apparently does). Please do let me know.


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- Last Updated on Thursday, 30 October 2014 12:34
Chandaria BIIC relies on partners and well wishers to support innovations. It has established a donors tree with Bronze, Silver and Golden leaves. Donors who donate US$ 288,000 (Kshs. 25,000,000) and above have their name engraved on the Golden leaf, whereas those who donate US$ 58,000 (Kshs. 5,000,000) to US$ 288,000 (Kshs. 24,999,999) and US$ 6000 (Kshs. 500,000) to US$ 58,000 (Kshs. 4,999,999) get their names engraved on Silver and Bronze leaves respectively.
In the long run, operations at Chandaria BIIC will mainly be financed from equity share that Kenyatta University owns in every successful venture that graduates from the incubation centre(> or = 20%). Resources will also be raised from partnership fees, which will range between US$ 15,000 to 100,000. This will mainly be from corporations that are mainly interested in innovative ideas.