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In this collection, we are going to talk about mainly the best free viral and buzz themes for WordPress which will easily make news, listicles, polls or quizzes, spread them via social sharing, trending, reactions and up/down voting systems for your site. These themes have very elegant design, typography, awesome features, and color scheme.
There are lots of nice free WordPress themes available for viral, but choosing good one from all available is not easy. So, I have made a complete list of top 10 best free Viral WordPress themes to make easier to choose one of them. These viral themes have awesome feature!
You might also like…
Here is a list of 20+ Best Viral WordPress Themes of 2018 for you.
1. BoomBox
BoomBox is all-purpose viral magazine theme with a top-notch design and extremely customisable layout, full of viral snacks and exclusive features, powered by the most powerful viral content builder. Populate news, listicles, polls or quizzes, spread them via social sharing, trending, reactions and up/down voting systems, drive bloggers community and monetise with any type of ads.
2. Bimber
Bimber is a viral magazine theme, that lets you launch a fully functional viral site in no more than 24 hours. It comes with powerful sharing buttons; popular, hot, trending listings and multiple ad locations. Everything in a lightweight and easy-to-use package.
3. Click Mag
Click Mag is the only magazine/blog theme you need to maximize clicks and keep visitors flooding back to your site. From its various social sharing options, trending posts, maximum ad exposure, SEO optimization, and attractive design, Click Mag will deliver the best user experience and clicks of any WordPress theme you've ever used.
4. SociallyViral
SociallyViral is a beautifully designed WordPress theme that is built to be engaging, fast, and most importantly, boost viral traffic. With features to help increase social sharing, you'll get more traffic from the web's top social media websites and also boost your search engine rankings.
5. Bunchy
Bunchy is the first WordPress theme with open lists. This revolutionary feature allows community users to submit new content to already published posts and vote up for the best submission. Inspired by sites like boredpanda.com and ebaumsworld.com, Bunchy gives you all the tools needed to build a viral content sharing platform.
6. Furious
Furious powerful WordPress theme for entertainment, it comes with powerful share buttons, option to allow page visitors or registered users to upload they own content. Visitors can vote for they favorite posts or share them on they favorite social pages.
7. ViralWP
ViralWP has been created with one purpose in mind and that is to help your content go viral.
We put a lot of effort and research in making this viral WordPress theme the best one you can find out there. The theme comes with a lot of features and easy to customize.
8. Banzai
Banzai comes bundled with everything you'll need to get started with your own viral site. Features include, but not limited to social sharing, quizzes, lists, polls, conversations, trending, grid and lists, and email captures!
9. TopNews
TopNews is a simple, feature-rich, user friendly, fast-loading, customizable, functional and modern WordPress news, newspaper, magazine, blog, video and publishing WordPress Theme. This theme is fully responsive, fits any size of display from lower to higher resolutions and supports all modern browsers. It also supports YouTube and Vimeo videos.
10. Katla
Katla is a user generated content theme for WordPress made by Bluthemes.
It offers the ability for users to submit content to your website via a custom made form. All the submitted posts are inserted as pending posts so a moderator can review the submission and do any changes if necessary. This is very similar to websites like 9gag.com and boredpanda.com.
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Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links. This means we may make a small commission if you make a purchase. This doesn't cost you any more but it does help us to continue publishing helpful content – thank you for your support!


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- Publish date:
- Updated on
- Year
- 1944
Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring premieres at the Library of Congress
Born and raised in the same urban, early-20th-century milieu that produced Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern and George and Ira Gershwin, the great and quintessentially American composer Aaron Copland was trained in the classics but steeped in the jazz and popular Jewish music that surrounded him in childhood. As a young composer, his stated aim was to write music that would "make you feel like you were alive on the streets of Brooklyn." Ironically, it was music that brilliantly evoked the rural American heartland that made Copland famous. One such work—arguably his greatest—was the score for the ballet Appalachian Spring, which became one of the most recognizable and beloved pieces of American music ever written almost immediately following its world premiere on this day in 1944.
The score for Appalachian Spring was commissioned in 1942 to accompany a ballet being choreographed by a young Martha Graham. Copland would know the work only as "Ballet for Martha" throughout its composition, having no guidance other than that the ballet would have some sort of a "frontier" theme. In fact, the name Appalachian Spring and the setting of western Pennsylvania would be decided on only after Copland had completed his score. Yet somehow, without having had any idea of doing so, Copland had composed a work that audiences and critics alike found brilliantly evocative of the specific time and place referenced in the title.
The most recognizable passage of Appalachian Spring is the portion Aaron Copland adapted from the Shaker song "Simple Gifts"—"'This a gift to be simple, 'tis a gift to be free"—which was largely unfamiliar to Americans prior to Copland's adaptation. Copland's artful incorporation of the folk tradition with his distinctly modern sensibility is what made Appalachian Spring the transcendent work that it is. In its review of the October 30, 1944, premiere, the New York Times praised all elements of the "shining and joyous" work: the choreography by Martha Graham; the set design by the Isamu Noguchi; and the score by Aaron Copland, which it called "the fullest, loveliest and most deeply poetical of all his theater scores….It is, as the saying goes, a natural."
Though written expressly for the ballet and for only 13 instrumentalists—a limitation dictated by the size of the orchestra pit at the Library of Congress—Appalachian Spring was soon adapted into an orchestral suite, which is the form in which it became widely popular. Appalachian Spring was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for music in 1945.

subset: commoncrawl


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Valley City ND Debt Consolidation Services
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text: British economy sends mixed signals as Brexit divorce beginsFor years, workers have seen pay eaten away by rising pricesBy William Schomberg03/29/2017|hrreporter.com|Last Updated: 03/31/2017European Council President Donald Tusk leaves after a news conference after receiving British Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit letter in notice of the U.K.'s intention to leave the bloc under Article 50 of the EU's Lisbon Treaty to EU Council President Donald Tusk in Brussels, March 29. REUTERS/Yves Herman LONDON (Reuters) — Britain's economy is sending mixed signals about its readiness for Brexit just as British Prime Minister Theresa May launches the process of pulling the country out of the European Union.Economic growth was resilient in 2016, confounding forecasts of a quick and painful hit after June's Brexit vote.There have been recent signs that exporters are benefitting from the pound's fall and a pickup in the world economy.But consumers, typically the main drivers of British growth, appear to be turning more cautious.OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTHThe economy grew by 1.8 per cent in 2016, second only to Germany among the Group of Seven big rich nations. In quarterly terms, growth sped up at the end of last year, prompting the Bank of England to raise its forecast for early 2017. The BoE and the government's forecasters expect growth of 2.0 per cent this year. Other economists are less optimistic, forecasting growth of 1.6 per cent, according to a Reuters poll.Most of the BoE's policymakers expect the pace of growth to slow as 2017 progresses but they showed "differing degrees of confidence" about that forecast at their meeting this month when one rate-setter voted to raise borrowing costs and others said they might follow suit.INFLATION ON THE RISERELATED ARTICLESSupporters renew push for nationwide paid family leave in U.S.Bill 66 could have 'pretty profound' impact on Ontario employersQuebec's changed labour standards take effectInflation is rising quickly in response to the sharp fall in the value of the pound since the Brexit vote and the rise in global oil prices over the past year. It jumped to 2.3 per cent in February and the BoE predicts it will peak at 2.8 per cent in the first half of next year, above its 2 per cent target. Many economists say inflation is heading above 3 per cent.WAGE GROWTH STUMBLESBritish workers have seen their pay eaten away by rising prices for many of the years since the financial crisis. A brief respite, caused by inflation's fall to zero in 2015, is set to end soon. Pay growth, adjusted for inflation, was the lowest since October 2014 in the most recent data. The BoE expects pay will rise 3 per cent in 2017, up from the most recent reading of 2.2 per cent, but its forecasts have often proven too optimistic.CONSUMERS FEEL THE PINCHBritain's shoppers proved the forecasters wrong by carrying on spending freely after the Brexit vote, helping the economy to withstand the shock. But that seems to be changing. Retail sales shrank at the fastest rate in nearly seven years during the past three months, despite a pickup in February.Data published on Wednesday showed growth in consumer credit in the three months to February was the weakest since July 2015, at 8.7 per cent.However, consumer confidence has remained robust and house prices continue to grow, adding to the mixed picture.CAN EXPORTERS MAKE UP THE DIFFERENCE?Exporters are getting a boost from sterling's fall, as well as a recovery in the economies of Europe and the United States. Net trade made a rare positive contribution to economic growth in late 2016. And in the three months to January, volumes of goods exports showed their biggest increase in a decade. But there are big questions about what happens after Brexit. Britain has chosen to prioritize migration controls over access to the EU's single market which accounts for about half of Britain's exports. BoE Deputy Governor Ben Broadbent has said the current "sweet spot" for exporters might not last, given the prospect of barriers to trade with the EU or a likely appreciation of sterling if Britain secures a good deal.© Copyright Canadian HR Reporter, HAB Press. All rights reserved. Add Comment * Title * Name * Email Anonymous * Comment


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Our eyes function very much like a camera. You have two natural lenses in each eye. One lens on the surface (cornea) of your eye, and a second lens within your eye, called the crystalline lens. Together these lenses focus images inside the back of your eye on the retina. At birth, our crystalline lens is clear. As we begin to age, it yellows and begins to harden. When it becomes cloudy, it is defined as a cataract and begins to interfere with the quality of our vision.
Everyone at some point will develop cataracts with age. Symptoms of cataracts include images becoming blurred, bright colors becoming dull, and seeing at night becoming more difficult. It may also be the reason your glasses do not seem to help keep things in focus as well as they used to. As a cataract begins to develop over time, people tend to accept and adjust to the decline in their lifestyles.
Removal of cataracts is crucial to prevent severe loss of vision and the debilitating effects that this common condition can cause. Recent innovations in cataract surgery now make it possible for cataracts to be removed with greater precision and accuracy. Cataract surgeons at Barnet Dulaney Perkins Eye Center are some of only a few in the U.S. to offer cataract surgery treatment with the LenSx® femtosecond laser.
Traditional cataract surgery involves the use of a surgical blade to perform corneal incisions and anterior capsulotomies of the eye, ultimately making it possible to remove the cataract. The LenSx® femtosecond laser is designed to improve precision and reproducibility during certain challenging and critical steps of cataract surgery that are currently performed manually. Because this technology allows for laser precision during these steps, the LenSx laser may contribute to improved surgical outcomes.
The LenSx® femtosecond laser utilizes a beam of laser light to create the necessary incisions for cataract surgery. An advanced computer-guidance system, controlled by one of our experienced cataract surgeons, directs the laser over the eye to provide the most precise and accurate results for each individual patient. This makes it possible for the successful combination of the surgeon's skills with state-of-the-art technology to produce extraordinary results. The LenSx® femtosecond laser may also be able to better manage astigmatism than other types of cataract surgery.
After the LenSx® femtosecond laser procedure is complete and the cataract has been removed, our surgeon can place a refractive lens implant inside the eye to improve your vision.
Removal of cataracts is only the first step in setting you on the road to better vision. Refractive cataract surgery removes the cataracts, and then replaces your natural lens with an intraocular lens (IOL) implant, capable of reducing your dependence on corrective eyewear such as glasses or contacts. Our doctors can talk with you about your lens replacement options at your initial cataract surgery consultation.
Multifocal or Accommodating Correction
Where a basic lens provides single focus distance vision, an advanced technology lens such as a multifocal or accommodating IOL, will be the best choice if you want to maximize your ability to focus at varying distances while minimizing your dependency on glasses.
Previous lens replacement surgery technologies provided only one focal point: distance; leaving people dependent upon reading glasses or bifocals. Recent advancements in multifocal technology now make it possible to read the words on prescription bottles, magazines, newspapers and computer screens without magnifying glasses or bifocals (even trifocals), while clearly seeing objects at a distance. These lenses have the ability to consistently offer improved vision at various ranges – near through distance. Your doctor can discuss which lens will best address your visual demands and lifestyle.
Download our comprehensive free guide on Cataracts, to learn more about the treatment options available to you
Distance and Astigmatic Correction
Today's lens replacement patient demands excellent vision after surgery. Many people with astigmatism (irregular shape of cornea that requires glasses for correction), may elect for a lens that addresses astigmatism providing natual distance vision. The most advanced method of distance correction uses a lens called a toric lens. The toric lens incorporates unique optics to compensate for specific deficiencies in your vision. Astigmatism correction may be the best choice for you if you would like to further improve your quality of vision and reduce your dependency on glasses.
LenSx® Femtosecond Laser Treatment for Presbyopia
The LenSx® femtosecond laser can also be very effective in the treatment of presbyopia. This common vision condition affects many people after the age of 40, and earlier in some patients. Presbyopia is a hardening of the eye's natural lens, making it increasingly difficult to focus on objects at a close distance. Often resulting in the need for reading glasses, presbyopia can lead to severe vision loss if left untreated. A common treatment for this condition is refractive lens exchange, or RLE, which can be performed with the LenSx® femtosecond laser. RLE involves the replacement of the eye's natural lens with a lens implant, effectively stopping further vision deterioration caused by presbyopia. With this new lens implant (IOL), you may even be able to improve your vision so much that you will no longer need corrective eyewear to clearly see up-close objects.
Although the LenSx® femtosecond laser may lessen risks associated with traditional cataract or RLE procedures, it is important to remember that all surgical procedures involve some degree of risk. Our eye surgeon will talk with you about potential risks and complications at your initial consultation and answer all of your questions. Our doctors are highly experienced and will take every precaution to minimize risks and provide you with the safest procedure possible.
Please contact Barnet Dulaney Perkins Eye Center to schedule a consultation for cataract surgery or other treatments with the LenSx® femtosecond laser. We look forward to talking with you about this innovative new procedure.
A Revolutionary New Technology to Optimize the Best Possible
Vision During Cataract Surgery
Barnet Dulaney Perkins Eye Center is proud to announce yet another FDA approved technology aimed at improving vision with cataract surgery. This new device is called ORA., Optiwave Refractive Analyzer.
ORA provides an analysis of your eye during cataract surgery that is not possible with conventional measurements and instruments. The technology works by directing an invisible beam of low intensity light into the eye during the cataract surgery. This light then reflects back from the eye and sensors within the ORA device analyze the eye's unique optical characteristics. This information then allows our surgeons to choose the most accurate intraocular lens implant and more accurately correct astigmatism for every patient who chooses to use this technology.
Ideal candidates are patients who want the most accurate results, patients who choose advanced technology implants like multifocal, accommodative and toric implants, patients who desire more accurate astigmatism corrections, patients with prior RK or LASIK and in conjunction with LenSx (laser cataract surgery).
We are currently the only eye center in Arizona to offer this to our patients. For more information about the ORA and what it can do for you please feel free to discuss this with our cataract refractive team.
What to expect during cataract surgery
Take our cataract self-evaluation to learn more about your vision


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Globalisation, Regionalisation and the Nation
Máté Szabó: Civil Society and Security Reform in Hungary (1989-2002)
A specific trait has to be considered analyzing the relations between the civil society and security reform after 1989 in Hungary. There were fears, that violence can occur during transition, so the Round Table talks among former elite and counter elite groupings tried to build up a consent on the peaceful change. This worked during the transition. The idea that the security forces should be put under pluralist political, multy–party and different types of civil control, civil society, mass media, publicity, was widely accepted. Only core elements of the former state terror-in 1989 already past experience- as the Workers guard and the former state security organs within the Ministry of Interior had been dissolved in 1989 and 1990 with active participation of the new political forces coming from the human right's opposition of the Kádár regime. Alliance of The Free Democrats and of the Young Democrats two brand new liberal parties of that time coming from different generations and groupings of the former anti-communist opposition played a leading role within these processes.
Peter A. Ulram: Participation and Political Culture in Central and Eastern Europe 1990–2000.
The author is looking at the 'subjective side' of democratic consolidation, the political culture of the population in post-communist societies. With regard to process culture one finds a high level of dissatisfaction about the working of the new political system and the performance of political and administrative institutions. Subjective awareness of political competence and assessment of the responsiveness of political elites is less developed in all countries than in established traditional and post-authoritarian democracies. As opposed to countries such as Austria or Italy, where disappointment with elites and below-average evaluation of subjective political competence are embedded in relatively stable institutional structures, the attitudinal consolidation on the meso-level of East and Central European political systems is much weaker; the low affective identification with political parties and the lack of integration into institutional networks are indicators of this, as are the weak intensity of political cleavages.
Mark Morjé Howard: Free Not to Participate: Why Post-Communist Citizens Do Not Join Voluntary Organizations
What is it about the communist experience that makes its citizens, almost 10 years later, much less likely to join organizations than citizens of countries from comparable economic backgrounds, living in democratic systems with comparable political rights and civil liberties, and even for a comparable number of years? The paper starts with a brief discussion of the definition of civil society, and how the concept can be applied and operationalized empirically. Then he summarizes the results of the 1995-97 WVS, which show the consistent weakness of civil society across post-communist Europe. The next two sections of the paper incorporate individual-level statistical analysis of the PCOMS survey, focusing on general socio-economic factors as well as three "experiential" factors that are specific to post-communist citizens—a legacy of mistrust of formal organizations, the persistence of private friendship networks, and a deep disappointment with post-communism. He concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of the ways in which post-communist citizens link their current behaviour to their prior experiences, and he mentions the empirical consequences of this lasting weakness of civil society on the future of democracy in post-communist Europe.
Ashok Kumar Upadhyay: Reflections on the Theoretical Development of Concept of Justice
Justice has been the topic of hot debate right from the beginning of systematic political theory. In the ancient time when Political Science was treated as master science, the concept played a central role in the theoretical exercises of Greek philosophers. Justice was one of the four virtues, which every individual possessed. As a virtue, the function of justice was to organise the self at individual level and the state at societal level. In the middle ages, the concept of eternal justice was complimented by divine concept and as such, the individuals were obliged to subordinate themselves to the commands of political and religious arrangements, which were supposed to be just. In the modern period, individuals declined to accept the yoke of political and religious control and consequently asserted for their personal freedom. Justice came to be constituted in limited governance and all social and political institutions became subordinated to individual interests. Currently the social basis of justice emerged and theoreticians and philosophers emphasised more on the just functioning of social and political institutions. The present article aims at finding the development of the concept of justice in western political philosophy. The attempt has been made to trace and analyse the concept from ancient Greeks to the contemporary philosophers.
Juan de Dios Andrade: The Mexican Democratization Process: Dismantlement of Party-State
Mexican political transition to the democracy started in a globalized world context. The changes in Mexico are the result of different national and international factors. The great challenge for Mexican people is to determine whether they will be able to substitute the obsolete political system for a democratic one. In this process the political parties and the political elites has a salient role. Vicente Fox's government faces a difficult to solve problem, on the other hand, it seems that the system of security and intelligence has also been corrupted by the games of poweri. This is the situation that Mexico keeps as a result of the change of party in the government. Certainly in Mexican future many pending problems exist, in certain way they are a 71 year-old inheritance, but there are also a heap of challenges and opportunities that can become advantages to establish a true democracy.
Julia Isabel Flores: The Culture of Democracy in Mexico: Citizens Participation and Political Change in the Year 2000
This paper analyses the importance of cultural factors and political culture in the Mexican transition to democracy and explores the values on the basis of which democracy is being established in Mexico and analyses the extent to which the population internalises these values. The article explores various aspects of citizen's involvement in politics, and changes in the patterns of socialization and analyzes the link between these issues and the development of a political identity. It concludes with an exploration of the construction of citizenship for democracy in Mexico.
Zsolt Boda, Balázs Kiss and Kata Berta: Campaign on the Net. Parties, Papers and Palavers in the 2002 Hungarian Elections.
In Hungary, the 2002 general elections could be considered the effective debut of the Internet into the political arena. The authors give a report on the Web events during the campaign period. In their summary, they define three protagonists: the parties, the online news portals and the citizens involved in political talks on Index, the leading Hungarian portal. They raise the questions: what use the parties made of their web sites, whether they take advantage of the possibilities the new medium offered; how the news portals followed the campaign developments, whether there were significant differences among the various types of portals; how the life of Index's political forum reflected the fierce battles during the campaign, whether the talks in the topics were deliberative.


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To easily integrate our Pavegen kinetic tiles within the Renaissance Works collaborative workspace in London Bridge, using a customised surface to seamlessly fit into the office environment.
We installed our retro-fit technology in under 1 hour on a raised flooring system. The tiles are used to power lighting in the office and also offer wireless connectivity and online footfall data tracking.
Due to the ease of integration in a modernised, professional environment, the installation proves the potential for our technology to be a key energy solution in the data-driven cities of the future.


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As Irish papers called yesterday's bailout of inter-Alpha banks of England "the biggest political betrayal in Irish history" and as Portugal, Spain, Italy are struggling to avoid future IMF bail-out packages, former Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad recently published a memo raising important questions about current global monetary situation. The memo has been derived from http://www.worldribaconference.org website. I have added a part of recent Dominique Strauss-Kahn's -Managing Director of IMF- speech at the European Banking Congress, which took place in Frankfurt couple days ago at the end.
4. Why is the dollar devaluing? Could it be due to the currency traders selling dollars? Could it be because the balance of payment is not in US favour?
In short, global economic governance will set the ground for social and political global governance to follow and dawn of a new era:
Global slavery!


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Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS)
U.S. Department of Labor
Office of Labor-Management Standards
Boston District Office
JFK Federal Building, Suite E-365
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 624-6690 Fax: (617) 624-6606
October 29, 2010
Mr. Gary Decosta, President
Carpenters Local 1305
PO Box 587
Fall River, MA 02722 Case Number: ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LM Number: 014279
Dear Mr. Decosta:
This office has recently completed an audit of Carpenters Local 1305 under the Compliance Audit Program (CAP) to determine your organization's compliance with the provisions of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA). As discussed during the exit interview with you and Financial Secretary Ronald Rheaume on October 25, 2010, the following problems were disclosed during the CAP. The matters listed below are not an exhaustive list of all possible problem areas since the audit conducted was limited in scope.
Recordkeeping Violations
Title II of the LMRDA establishes certain reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Section 206 requires, among other things, that labor organizations maintain adequate records for at least five years by which each receipt and disbursement of funds, as well as all account balances, can be verified, explained, and clarified. As a general rule, labor organizations must maintain all records used or received in the course of union business.
For disbursements, this includes not only original bills, invoices, receipts, vouchers, and applicable resolutions, but also documentation showing the nature of the union business requiring the disbursement, the goods or services received, and the identity of the recipient(s) of the goods or services. In most instances, this documentation requirement can be satisfied with a sufficiently descriptive expense receipt or invoice. If an expense receipt is not sufficiently descriptive, a union officer or employee should write a note on it providing the additional information. For money it receives, the labor organization must keep at least one record showing the date, amount, purpose, and source of that money. The labor organization must also retain bank records for all accounts.
The audit of Local 1305's 2009 records revealed the following recordkeeping violations
1. Failure to Record Receipts
Local 1305 did not record in its receipts records some dues payments totaling at least $5,404. For example, Local 1305 deposited $5,404 in member dues payments on 12/29/08, but this deposit was not indicated in the union's accounting software. Union receipts records must include an adequate identification of all money the union receives. The records should show the date and amount received, and the source of the money.
2. Failure to Record Disbursements
Local 1305 made two money transfers from its First Trade Now checking account to its Bank of America checking account totaling $6,000 with check #'s 4503 and 4506. These checks were marked as "void" in the union's accounting software and were assigned a zero value. Union records must include adequate documentation of all disbursements to verify, explain, and clarify the disposition of union assets.
Reporting Violations
The audit disclosed a violation of LMRDA Section 201(b), which requires labor organizations to file annual financial reports accurately disclosing their financial condition and operations. The Labor Organization Annual Report (Form LM-3) filed by Local 1305 for the fiscal year ended 06/30/09, was deficient in the following area:
Failure to File Bylaws
The audit disclosed a violation of LMRDA Section 201(a), which requires that a union submit a copy of its revised constitution and bylaws with its LM report when it makes changes to its constitution or bylaws. Local 1305 amended its constitution and bylaws in 1998, but did not file a copy with its LM report for that year.
Local 1305 has now filed a copy of its constitution and bylaws.
Other Issues
Duplicate Receipts
Members of Local 1305 pay dues directly to the union. Mr. Rheaume and Ms. Martel record dues payments in the union's receipts journal, but they do not issue receipts to dues payers. OLMS recommends that Local 1305 use a duplicate receipt system where the union issues original pre-numbered receipts to all members who make payments directly to the union and retains copies of those receipts. A duplicate receipt system is an effective internal control because it ensures that a record is created of income which is not otherwise easily verifiable. If more than one duplicate receipt book is in use, the union should maintain a log to identify each book, the series of receipt numbers in each book, and to whom each book is assigned.
I want to extend my personal appreciation to Carpenters Local 1305 for the cooperation and courtesy extended during this compliance audit. I strongly recommend that you make sure this letter and the compliance assistance materials provided to you are passed on to future officers. If we can provide any additional assistance, please do not hesitate to call.
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cc: Mr. Ronald Rheaume, Financial Secretary


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Back to Anthony Williams's Election 2002 main page
Dorothy Brizill, et al., Challengers ) v. Anthony Williams, Candidate
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDERThis matter came before the Board of Elections and Ethics (hereinafter "the Board") pursuant to a challenge filed on July 15, 2002 by Dorothy Brizill, a registered qualified elector in the District of Columbia, to the candidacy of Mayor Anthony Williams, ("the Mayor") candidate for the Democratic nomination for the office of Mayor. Ms. Brizill was joined in her challenge by Messrs. Gary Imhoff, Mark Sibley, and Shaun Snyder.
The Board was represented by its general Counsel Kenneth McGhie, Esq., Terri Stroud, Esq., and Rudolph McGann Jr., Esq. Ms. Brizill and her fellow challengers appeared pro se. The Mayor was represented by Messrs. Vincent Mark Policy, Esq., Doug Patton Esq., and Damien Stewart Esq. The Board, which consists of Chairman Benjamin F. Wilson and members Stephen Callas and Jonda McFarlane were present for the proceeding.
The Board now, for the reasons outlined in this Order, hereby denies the Mayor access to the ballot as a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the Mayoral contest in the September 10, 2002 Primary Election.
On July 3, 2002, the Mayor submitted a nominating petition in support of his candidacy for Mayor of the District of Columbia. This petition contained a total of 512 pages, and a total of 10,102 signatures. The circulator's affidavits on the petition pages indicated that 345 of the pages (67%) were circulated either by Scott Bishop, Sr., Scott Bishop, Jr., or Crystal Bishop.
The petition was posted for review on July 6, 2002. On July 15, 2002, Dorothy Brizill, Gary Imhoff, Mark Sibley, and Shaun Snyder filed a joint challenge to the Mayor's petition. The Brizill challenge alleged that approximately 9,250 of the signatures therein were defective. The grounds upon which the Brizill challenge sought to disqualify signatures in the Mayor's petition were: 1) that the signer, according to the Board's records, was not registered to vote at the address listed on the petition at the time it was signed; 2) that the signer was not a duly registered voter; 3) that the signer was not registered to vote in the same party as the candidate at the time the petition was signed; 4) that a signature was not the signature of the person it purported to be; 5) that a signature was listed more than once, and; 6) that a signature was not dated. The Brizill challenge also alleged that, in some instances, listed circulators were not registered qualified electors at the time the petition was circulated.
In addition to these specific grounds for challenge, Messrs. Mark Sibley and Shaun Snyder also submitted a statement of additional facts which they alleged constituted a petition defect, namely that pages submitted by Scott Bishop, Sr. contained the nonexistent date of June 31st, and that Scott Bishop, Jr. collected what they allege to be an unlikely number of signatures, 540, in one 24-hour period. This implied that either Scott Bishop, Jr. had forged signatures or had not personally circulated the petition himself. Based upon these alleged defects and others, Messrs. Sibley and Snyder requested that the Board reject all petition pages attributed to the Bishops.
Consistent with the practice of the Board, the Office of the General Counsel for the Board scheduled a pre-hearing conference for Monday, July 22, 2002. On Friday, July 19, 2002, Vincent Mark Policy, counsel for the Mayor, filed a response to the Brizill challenge. In this response, Mr. Policy indicated that the Mayor would not defend 214 of the 512 pages submitted in his petition. (During the course of the hearing, on Wednesday, July 24, 2002, Mr. Policy, in response to a question from the Chairman as to why the Mayor would not defend these pages, stated "we do not defend forgeries.") These pages contained approximately 4,240 signatures. Of these 214 pages, 167 (78%) were petition pages that were attributed to the Bishops. The pages that the Mayor requested be withdrawn from consideration also included 14 pages attributed to Ann Lewis, and 16 pages attributed to Franklin Wilds.1 As a result of the Mayor's indication that he would not defend these 214 petition pages, the Registrar of Voters considered only 298 of the 5.12 petition pages submitted.
The Mayor's response, as submitted by Mr. Policy, argued: 1) that the Brizill challenge was not specific; 2) that all challenges filed on the grounds that a circulator was not a registered qualified elector at the time the particular petition was signed should be disregarded;2 3) that all challenges based upon the fact that the date on the circulator's affidavit precedes the dates accompanying signatures on the petition page should be disregarded, and; 4) that the Board should require Brizill as complainant to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the signatures alleged to have been forged actually were.3
At the pre-hearing conference, in an effort to demonstrate bias on behalf of the Board Chairman, Mr. Policy introduced into the record three newspaper articles, which addressed the issues surrounding the Mayor's petition. These articles contained public admissions by Scott Bishop, Sr. that the Bishops "signed as official circulators for petitions they did not collect."4
A Board hearing on the Brizill challenge was scheduled for Wednesday, July 24, 2002. In connection with this hearing, the Board issued subpoenas on its own behalf-as well as on behalf of the parties-to circulators Scott Bishop, Sr., Scott Bishop, Jr., Crystal Bishop, Wanda Alston, Ron Bitondo, Sam Bost5, Ann Lewis, Carlton Pressley, and Franklin Wilds. Gwen Hemphill and Charles Duncan, both of whom were high-ranking members of the Mayor's campaign, were also subpoenaed.While Crystal Bishop apparently attended a portion of the hearing on Wednesday, July 24, 2002 — unbeknownst to the Board — she left before being called to testify. Later, the Board was informed on Friday, July 26, 2002 that she was hospitalized and would be unable to appear. Neither Scott Bishop, Sr. nor Scott Bishop, Jr. appeared until Friday, July 26, 2002, and then only after the Board had obtained orders from the Superior Court of the District of Columbia ordering them to comply with the Board's subpoena and appear before it. Both witnesses asserted their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and refused to answer any questions posed by the challengers or the Board. Accordingly, the Board was unable to make a determination as to the validity of the circulator's affidavits contained on the petition pages attributed to the Bishops. Charles Duncan, Senior Campaign Advisor, and Gwendolyn Hemphill, Co-Chair of the campaign to re-elect Mayor Anthony Williams, both testified that they had no responsibility for overseeing the nominating petition process, and indicated further that Scott Bishop, Sr. was responsible for overseeing the nominating petition process.
On Friday, July 26, 2002, the Registrar of Voters, Ms. Kathryn Fairley, rendered her preliminary determination report with respect to the Brizill challenge. She reviewed the signatures of 298 pages still at issue. Ms. Fairley's report, which was based in part upon a consideration of 178 pages, including 945 signatures attributed to the Bishops, concluded that the Mayor submitted 2,235 presumptively valid signatures. This was 235 signatures more than the 2,000 signatures required for ballot access.
The Mayor's counsel preliminarily argues that the Brizill challenge should fail because it is neither specific nor concise. He states that the evidence of this deficiency in the challenge is that, in certain instances, Ms. Brizill challenges some signatures on grounds that are different from those upon which Mr. Snyder challenged those same signatures. In other instances, Ms. Brizill challenges some signatures which Mr. Snyder did not challenge. This situation, according to the Mayor, "ma[kes] it virtually impossible for [him] or [the] Board to decipher the precise nature of the challenge." Respondent Mayor Anthony Williams' Response to the Challenges ("Resp't Resp Br."), at 12.
The Mayor's response reveals the fallacious nature of his argument. He acknowledges that the Brizill challenge "contains a coded `Table of Reasons for Challenge'," which used letters to indicate the specific grounds upon which a particular signature is being challenged. Id. at 12. For example, according to the Brizill Table, the letter `i' indicates that a signature is being challenged on the grounds that the circulator was not a registered qualified elector of the District of Columbia at the time the petition was signed. There is nothing remotely nonspecific about that particular challenge, nor any of the others that are levied by Ms. Brizill. As for the Board's ability to "decipher the precise nature of the challenge," the Board has no problem discerning the particular grounds upon which the Brizill challenge is based. Moreover, the fact that there might be some instances in which the challenges of Ms. Brizill and Mr. Snyder vary has absolutely no bearing on the question of whether or not the challenge was specific. This argument is without merit, and must fail.
The circulator's function with respect to nominating petitions in the District of Columbia-as well as in every jurisdiction that utilizes nominating petitions for ballot access-is to ensure integrity in the collection of signatures. Primarily, the nominating process is intended to ensure that a prospective candidate has some modicum of support from the duly registered voters the candidate wishes to represent. With respect to nominating a candidate for ballot access in a primary election, the circulator is responsible for collecting the genuine signatures of duly elected voters within the candidate's party. Most importantly, the circulator ensures the signatures were collected in a manner free from fraud or undue influence.The Supreme Court has long recognized that jurisdictions have considerable latitude to protect the integrity and reliability of the election process generally. "[T]here must be a substantial regulation of elections if they are to be fair and honest and if some sort of order ... is to accompany the democratic processes." Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc., 525 U.S. 182, 187 (1999) (quoting) Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724, 730 (1974), Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351, 358 (1997); Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428, 433 (1992), 520 U.S., at 358; Anderson v. Celebrezze, 460 U.S. 780, 788 (1983). The Buckley decision comported with the Tenth Circuit's finding that "the affidavit requirement properly responded to the State's need to ensure that circulators, who possess various degrees of interest in a particular initiative, exercise special care to prevent mistake, fraud, or abuse in the process of obtaining thousands of signatures of only registered electors throughout the state." Buckley at 190 n.10.
In the instant case, the various challenges to the Mayor's petition, and evidence introduced during the Brizill challenge proceedings including that introduced by the Mayor's own counsel, have made the Board painfully aware of irregularities in the Mayor's nominating petition process. The Mayor's refusal to defend 214 pages from the petition, stating that "[t]he first group of petition sheets, which is listed in Schedule A to this response is the set of 214 pages from the Nominating Petition which will not be defended by the Respondent." (Resp't Resp Br. at 3). Counsel for the Mayor states further: "[w]e suggest instead that the Board should focus its attention on whether the petition pages other than those listed in Schedule A meet the requirements of the statute and the Regulations." (Id. at 4).
During the pre-hearing conference, counsel for the Mayor introduced into the record three newspaper articles in an attempt to establish bias on the part of the Board's Chairman, the General Counsel for the Office of Campaign Finance, and the spokesperson for the Board. While the articles contained statements on behalf of Board members and staff relating to procedures and the unprecedented scope of the challenges alleged, they also contained material statements from a number of the Mayor's circulators. Having introduced these articles into the record, counsel for the Mayor has opened the door to allowing the Board to consider relevant statements attributed to some of the Mayor's circulators. Specifically one article noted, "[d]ozens of petitions supposedly circulated by Scott Bishop, Sr., Scott Bishop, Jr., and his wife, Crystal Bishop, also are not being defended. They signed as official circulators for petitions they did not collect, said Scott Bishop Sr. who was in charge of the petition effort" (Resp't Prelim Hr'g Ex. 4). In a second article, another circulator stated: "`I definitely did not have 18 sheets,' said Lewis, 64, who said she is still owed $15 by the campaign." (Resp't Prelim. Hr'g Ex. 2). Finally, in a third article, the authors stated "[t]hree of the circulators, Scott Bishop Sr., his daughter-in-law Crystal Bishop and Ann E. Lewis, have admitted in media accounts that they either signed off on petitions with forged signatures or that their names were forged on petitions." (Resp't Prelim. Hr'g Ex. 3).
To reiterate, this material evidence of forgeries and false statements was introduced into the record by the Mayor's own counsel. Yet, during the hearings, the Mayor's counsel made vociferous objections to the Board's references to such statements on the grounds that such evidence constituted hearsay. The Mayor's Counsel erroneously equated evidentiary rules in a court of law with those of an administrative proceeding; while hearsay evidence is inadmissible in a court proceeding unless the evidence falls under an enumerated exception, courts have found that hearsay evidence is admissible in administrative proceedings. All administrative hearings conducted by the Board of Elections and Ethics are conducted in accordance with the D.C. Administrative Procedure Act. D.C. Official Code § 2-501 et seq. "Hearsay evidence is admissible in administrative proceedings unless it is irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious." Lim v. District of Columbia Taxicab Comm'n, 564 A.2d 720, 724 (D.C.1989). "If hearsay evidence is found to be reliable and credible, it may constitute substantial evidence." Simmons v. Police & Firefighters' Retirement & Relief Bd., 478 A.2d 1093, 1095 (D.C.1984) (citing Johnson v. United States, 628 F.2d 187, 190-91 (1980)).
Rather than rely solely on hearsay evidence, pursuant to D.C. CODE §1-1001.05(h)(1)(A), the Board subpoenaed the circulators mentioned in the articles submitted by counsel for Mayor Williams to ascertain the veracity of the statements attributed to the circulators. The record reflects that Mr. Franklin Wilds testified that his signature was not genuine with respect to a number of nominating petition sheets attributed to him as a circulator. Ms. Ann Lewis submitted a declaration in which she asserted collecting signatures on only four petition sheets-14 less than the number of petition sheets attributed to her as circulator. In contrast, Ms. Lewis stated at the hearing that at the direction of a Mr. Robert Yeldell, an official of the Williams Campaign, she signed as a circulator on a nominating petition sheet she did not circulate. Further, she testified that she did not collect three signatures on one of the petition sheets she admits circulating. (Brd. Hr'g Ex. 23). The evidence of these two witnesses was uncontroverted and tended to corroborate the claims raised in the newspaper articles.
The insidious irregularities are most pronounced in the petition sheets circulated by Messrs. Scott Bishop, Sr., Scott Bishop, Jr., and Mrs. Crystal Bishop. According to the Registrar of Voters, the Bishops were responsible for a total of 345 of the 512 petition sheets submitted, and 167 of the 214 sheets the Mayor refused to defend that were attributed to the Bishops. The remaining 298 petition sheets in contention included 178 petition sheets with 3,552 signatures attributed to the Bishops as circulators. The fact that Scott Bishop, Sr. coordinated the petition process-coupled with the fact that he and his family members submitted the majority of petition sheets still at issue-raised concerns over the propriety of the entire nominating process. As previously noted, Scott Bishop, Sr. appeared before the Board. However, through his counsel, David Wilmot, Esq., he asserted his Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination to every question asked of him. Scott Bishop, Sr. only gave his name for the record. The Board attempted in vain to ascertain the validity of the affidavits on the petitions attributed to him as circulator. The Board could not even ascertain if the circulator's address as stated in the affidavit was correct, because Scott Bishop, Sr. asserted his Fifth Amendment privilege even with respect to that question. The challengers' attempts to cross-examine Scott Bishop, Sr. also met with a similar fate.
Similarly, Scott Bishop, Jr. appeared before the Board and asserted his Fifth Amendment right through his counsel, Vandy Jamison, Esq. Although not officially represented by counsel, Mrs. Crystal Bishop was unavailable to appear apparently due to her commitment to a Crisis Detention Center for illness. Consequently, the Bishops were not subject to cross examination by any of the parties or the Board.
C. THE AFFIDAVITS OF THE BISHOPS ARE COLLECTIVELY UNRELIABLE BECAUSE THEY WERE UNAVAILABLE FOR CROSS-EXAMINATION."While affidavits are accepted routinely in administrative hearings, a decision on the merits should not be based solely on their contents." ERIAS HYMAN, MANUAL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING OFFICERS 35 (1988). This concept, which is well established in administrative proceedings, takes on heightened emphasis when the affidavits of circulators of nominating petitions are involved. The affidavits of the circulators are critical in nominating petition challenges because they speak to the validity of the signatures collected. In Citizens Against Legalized Gambling v. District of Columbia Bd. of Elections and Ethics 501 F.Supp. 786 (D.D.C., 1980), the court held that misconduct on the part of the circulator does not necessarily invalidate the signatures the circulator actually collected. However, the court distinguished that case from a scenario such as that presented here where there is a question as to whether the circulator, in fact, circulated the petition.
Citizens at 790. In contrast to the present case, there was no question in Citizens whether the circulator in fact circulated the petitions.
In the instant case, the Board was faced with the issue whether the Bishops had in fact circulated the petition which they had signed as circulators. Pursuant to D.C. CODE §1-1001.08(o) et. seq., signatures are presumed bona fide if posted for inspection. The presumption of the validity of the signatures of the persons who signed the Mayor's petition is placed in doubt as a result of statements contained in the newspaper articles made part of the record by the Mayor's counsel. These statements contradicted the information set out in the affidavits of the Bishops and the other circulators.6 "If a party or witness whose affidavit is submitted is available, and the matters contained in the affidavit are relevant to the case, the party or witness should be required to appear and testify under oath or affirmation. When necessary, a witness should be subpoenaed." HYMAN at 35. "The opportunity to cross-examine is an element of fundamental fairness and hence the requirement of all adjudicatory hearings". BERNARD SCHWARTZ, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW § 7.7 (3d ed. 1991). The right of cross-examination, to rebut evidence, is also clearly stated and required in the D.C. Administrative Procedure Act. D.C. Code § 2-509(b). Testimony that is not subject to cross-examination generally cannot be considered reliable, probative or substantial evidence Selk v. District of Columbia Department of Employment Services 497 A2d 1056 (1985).
Here both Scott Bishop, Sr. and Scott Bishop, Jr. were subpoenaed to be cross-examined on the veracity of their affidavits. Both individuals exercised their Fifth Amendment privilege against self incrimination and refused to answer any questions posed by the parties or the Board. Because both the Board and the opposing parties were denied an opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses on their statements, their affidavits should not be considered reliable. Even counsel for the Mayor's campaign and the Board were precluded from eliciting evidence demonstrating whether any of the signatures on the petition sheets from the Bishops were in fact genuine and properly obtained without undue influence or fraud.
The Supreme Court in Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation Inc., 525 U.S. 182 (1999), has explicitly held that affidavit requirements have an important place in ballot access because they promote the state's interest in reaching law violators among petition circulators, "[t]his address attestation, we note, has an immediacy, and corresponding reliability, that a voter's registration may lack. The attestation is made at the time a petition section is submitted; a voter's registration may lack that currency." Id. at 196. D.C. CODE § 11001.08(b)(3) requires that circulators swear or affirm that they personally circulated the petition, witnessed each person sign the petition, and inquired from signers whether they are a registered voter in the same party as the candidate. The attendant circumstances in the record controverted each material aspect of the affidavit. However, rather than prejudge the actions of the Bishops based on forged signatures which eventually the Mayor declined to defend and on statements contained in newspaper articles, the Board wished to hear the circulators' testimony directly. The Board wanted to decipher whether nominating petitions were, in fact, asserted to be valid by the circulators themselves. The Board was denied the opportunity to ascertain the veracity of the Bishops' affidavits based upon their own testimony because the witnesses refused to testify. The testimony of the circulators was critical, thus the testimony of the circulators was critical to the resolution of this matter. There was no way for the Registrar of Voters to ascertain whether the circulators personally circulated petitions, or personally witnessed each person actually sign the petition. Although the Mayor's counsel submitted testimony from witnesses who asserted Scott Bishop, Sr. was in charge of collecting signatures, as well as a picture showing Scott Bishop, Sr. holding a folder at a function with the Mayor, none of these proffers of evidence controverted the admission of the Bishops that they signed petition sheets that they did not circulate.
The Board was prepared to review the entire nominating petition, signature by signature, and rule on the validity of each individual challenge. However, it became perfectly clear that even if the Board accepted all of the Mayor's legal arguments, there was still no scenario possible in which the Mayor could obtain 2000 signatures without including signatures attributable to the Bishops.
If the Board accepted the report of the Registrar of Voters, which
excluded forgeries, non-registered voters, non-democrats and other challenges she
deemed valid, the Mayor is left with 2235 presumptively valid signatures. However, 945
signatures deemed presumptively valid by the Registrar were attributable to the
Bishops, the Mayor is left with only 1290 signatures. Even if the Mayor were to prevail
with respect to the outstanding question concerning the validity of a challenge of
signatures of a nominating petition circulated by a person who is not a registered qualified
elector based on the reasoning in Buckley, this would provide the Mayor with an
additional 22 valid signatures — raising his total to 1312 valid signatures. In addition, even
if the mayor were to prevail with respect to any challenge based on the fact that the
circulators affidavit precedes the date of certain signatures on the petition sheet, the Mayor
would still fall hundreds of signatures below the requirement for 2000 valid
The Board wishes to make it very clear that it is aware of no evidence that the Mayor personally encouraged or directed any circulators or other persons affiliated with his campaign to fail to comply with the requirements set out by the laws and regulations governing elections in the District of Columbia: The Board is of the view that with better training of circulators and more direct oversight by senior campaign officials and the Mayor, this problem may have been avoided all together.
In sum, there was absolutely no numerical way possible that the Mayor could achieve 2000 signatures without counting the nominating petition sheets circulated by the Bishops. The Bishops' nominating petition sheets predominate Mr. Williams's nominating petition submission. Absent some assurances as to the veracity of the affidavits contained on those sheets, the Board was unable to determine which nominating petitions, if any, the Bishops circulated. Although not required to do so, the Mayor's counsel did not present a single duly registered voter out of the 3,552 signatories on the nominating petition sheets circulated by the Bishops' who testified that their signature was actually witnessed by the Bishops.
Entrusted with the obligation to ensure the integrity of the process, the Board rejected the preliminary findings of the Registrar of Voters where, as here, the Board could not determine with any level of confidence whether the nominating petition sheets were in fact circulated by the Bishops. Acting in good faith, The Board could not presume the validity of signatures collected by the Bishops in light of their submission of 167 nominating petition sheets replete with forgeries, their failure to appear at the hearing in response to a subpoena, their statements contained in newspaper articles in which they admit they did not circulate an unidentified number of the nominating petitions they signed, and their subsequent refusal to answer any questions whatsoever at the hearing. Moreover, Ms. Hemphill and Mr. Duncan, senior officials in the Williams campaign, admitted they did not exercise oversight and quality control over the Bishops during the latter part of the campaign.
Ultimately, the Board is unwilling to assume the presumptive validity of signatures on nominating petitions circulated by the Bishops based upon the facts of this case where to do so would place a "cloud" on the Mayor's nomination, and call into question the integrity of the process.
For the reasons outlined above, namely the widespread obstruction and pollution of the nominating process as it pertains to nominating petition sheets circulated by the Bishops, the Board concludes that the Mayor does not have the requisite number of signatures for ballot access as the Democratic Party candidate for Mayor of the District of Columbia, it is hereby
ORDERED that Mayor Anthony Williams be denied access to the ballot as a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the September 10, 2002 Mayoral Primary Election.
Benjamin F. Wilson, Board
1. Both Ann Lewis and Franklin Wilds testified under oath that the signatures appearing on the withdrawn pages were not their signatures. Counsel for the Mayor did not contradict their testimony.
2. The Mayor's counsel cited Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc., 525 U.S. 182, 187 (1999), where the Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional to require initiative petition circulators be registered electors. The Mayor's. counsel contends that Buckley extends to nominating petition circulators. One circulator, Carlton Pressley, circulated 3 petition pages containing 22 otherwise presumptively valid signatures prior to becoming a registered elector. The Mayor's counsel suggested — and the Board agreed — that if this number proved to be outcome-determinative, the Board would seek a declaratory judgment as to Buckley's impact on nominating petitions.
3. In the absence of a statutory provision specifying the standard of proof, the Court of Appeals has required that the standard of proof be only a "preponderance of the evidence," Green v. Dept. of Employment Services, 499 A.2d 870, 877 (D.C. 1985).
4. Mayor's Pre-hearing Conference Exhibit #3, Brian DeBose, Williams May Have To Return Funds, WASHINGTON TIMES, July 20, 2002, at A8. The other articles introduced into the record by the Mayor were articles from the Washington Post. Craig Timberg & Yolanda Woodlee, Petition Workers' Names May Have Been Forged, July 18, 2002 at A1; Williams Attacks D.C. Election Law, July 20, 2002, at A1. These articles represent Mayor's Pre-hearing Exhibits #2 and #4.5. Bost was hospitalized and therefore was unable to appear.
6. Specific statements attributed to circulators have been previously quoted supra at page 8.
7. After choosing to no longer defend 214 sheets, the Mayor rested his nomination on 298 nominating petition sheets containing 5862 signatures. The Register of Voters determined that 523 of these signers were not registered voters, leaving 5339 signatures. If the Board subtracted the 3552 signatures submitted that were attributable to the Bishops, the Mayor is left with a maximum 1760 signatures prior to the Registrar's evaluation of the challenges.
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This week on Gone with the Words:
Teaser & a Tune on Tuesday {03}
Top Ten Tuesday: Books That Have Been On My Shelf For The Longest But I've Never Read
Waiting on Wednesday: Take a Bow
Review: Only His by Susan Mallery
Review: The Iron Knight by Julie Kagawa
Review: Shatter Me by Tahereh Mafi
TGIF is a weekly feature created and hosted by GReads! that re-caps the week's posts and has different question each week.
This week's question: Giving Thanks: Which books are you most thankful for receiving from other bloggers, friends, family members, or publishers?
I've been really blessed this year with the amount of books I've received…from bloggers and publishers. I appreciate all of them. I really, really do!
I think the gift that really stands out to me though, was last year, on my 30th birthday, my friends got together and made it possible for me to have my Kindle!! What touched me most, was the fact that they had noticed my new found love of reading. I love them, and they get me. :)
Follow Friday
Follow My Book Blog Friday is a weekly meme hosted by Parajunkee's View and Alison Can Read where we all get together and say HI!
This week's question: Letter to Santa: Tell Santa what books you want for Christmas!
Well, Santa…I've been a really, really, really (mostly) good girl this year. I have!! And I'd be lying if I said I don't mostly wish for more books. Which books, you ask? Well…click the handy-dandy button that takes you to my wishlist!! :D


text: Heather Oxenham is an accomplished producer with a string of screen credits to her name. She has worked alongside award-winning directors such as Rolf de Heer, Bill Bennett, Clara Law and Scott Hicks. She has supervised over sixty hours of programming for SBS TV, including work on their flagship programs Living with the Enemy, First Contact, Go back to Where You Came From, Once Upon a Time, The Tall Man and Who Do You Think You Are?. Heather's most recent work is as producer of the short film Bluey (Darlene Johnson, 2015), a story of courage, heart and the fight for survival.


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The great thing about Ashford is that the student body is so diverse, ranging from people just out of high school to adults working full time and even retired adults wanting to complete their college education.
Nancy Kennedy, PhD
Dr. Nancy Kennedy is an Assistant Professor in the College of Health, Human Services, and Science at Ashford University. She earned a PhD and Master's degree in Clinical Psychology with a minor in Physiological Psychology from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Her Bachelor's degree in Psychobiology is from Ripon College. Additionally, she finished a post-doctoral clinical fellowship in Clinical Neuropsychology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and is an American Board of Professional Psychology certified Clinical Neuropsychologist (ABPP/ABCN). Before coming to Ashford, Dr. Kennedy worked as an Associate Professor in the department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Northwestern Medical School from 1997 until 2011 and as a data core leader at the Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's disease Center (CNADC). Her responsibilities included teaching graduate and medical students, supervising clinical practicum students and post-doctoral fellows, and doing research on non-Alzheimer's forms of dementia. Since leaving Northwestern she has kept busy with a variety of part-time clinical jobs, including seeing patients in an inpatient rehabilitation unit, completing evaluations for compensation and pension purposes at a veteran's hospital, and working at a private practice where she sees adults with various neurological issues. She says, "My advice for prospective or incoming students would be to plan time for your coursework, but also take advantage of all of the learning resources available here at Ashford, especially if it has been awhile since you have been to college or if this is your first college experience. The great thing about Ashford is that the student body is so diverse, ranging from people just out of high school to adults working full time and even retired adults wanting to complete their college education. One of my favorite things about teaching is that it helps me continue to learn and grow through my interactions with such students." Dr. Kennedy's hobbies including reading, running, and being with her two dogs. She ran her first marathon on her 50th birthday. She and her husband currently reside in Greendale, WI. They have four adult children.


text:
The minimum requirement for the PhD degree is six courses (18 course hours in total) at the 7000 level, four of which must be core courses. Out of the four core courses, up to three can be taken within one field of chemistry. The core courses, offered by division, are:
The remaining two elective courses should be selected from 7000 level chemistry courses (other than 7890 & 7900) or 7000 level courses from other SSE departments that meet the approval of the Graduate Affairs Committee. In addition, students should register for a total of six hours of seminar over the first six semesters of matriculation. In all, a total of 48 course hours are required for the Ph.D. students. Up to 24 course hours of the 48 hours required may be taken in Chem 7890-7900 (Techniques of Research) and special interest courses (6000 or above) offered by the Department of Chemistry or related departments. Students should obtain prior approval of the Graduate Affairs Committee to ensure that the courses taken in other departments will count toward the degree.
Core-course description:
CHEM 7110 – Introductory Quantum Mechanics
CHEM 7120 – Statistical Mechanics
CHEM 7150 – Chemical Physics
CHEM 7210 – Inorganic Structure and Bonding
CHEM 7220 – Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms
CHEM 7230 – Organometallic Chemistry (Transition elements)
CHEM 7240 – Organometallic Chemistry (Main group elements)
CHEM 7410 – Advanced Organic – Physical Organics
CHEM 7420 - Advanced Organic – Spectroscopy
CHEM 7460 – Advanced Organic – Synthetic Applications
CHEM 6830-40 – Introductory Biochemistry and Intermediate Biochemistry
Ph.D. candidates are required to pass 6 total cumulative exams, at least two by the end of their fourth semester of residence and all six by the end of the 6th semester. In addition, at least 3 of the 6 exams must be passed in the candidate's area of concentration Students failing to pass two cumes by the end of their fourth semester may be expelled from the program. Students unable to complete 6 cumes in 6 semesters will be automatically placed in the M.S. program and be expected to complete the M.S. thesis by the end of the seventh semester.
Registration for, and attendance at, Department seminars is required. Students are required to register for Division Seminar every semester until they have been admitted to candidacy. Six (6.0) hours of credit for seminar courses may be applied to the Ph.D. degree requirements. All Ph.D. candidates must present a seminar to the Department based upon a topic from the current chemical literature. The seminar must be presented before the end of the students' 4th semester in residence. The seminar should be scheduled with the chemistry department coordinator for seminar programs. Students presenting seminars are required to enlist two faculty to attend their seminar and provide the faculty with a Seminar Review Form for a written review of the quality of the presentation; the Seminar Review Form can be obtained from the department website. Students should remember that faculty will only agree to attend if given sufficient notice (one to two weeks) before the seminar.
The maximum time allowed by the SSE Graduate Program for completion of the Ph.D. degree is seven years. The Department, however, strongly encourages students to attempt to complete requirements in no more than five years.
Research Advisor Selection Form
Thesis / Dissertation Committee Form
By the end of the fifth semester, students must submit a written proposal of their dissertation research project and make an oral presentation of it to their dissertation committee. The prospectus should be approximately three doubled-spaced typewritten pages in length. The cover sheet should state the student's name, department/program, the title of the proposed dissertation, and the name of the chair and the other members of the committee. The introduction of the prospectus should contain a summary of earlier work on the problem. The body should include an orderly description of the plan for the investigation. The conclusion should clearly state the anticipated nature of the investigation results. Major sources of information should be indicated and a selective bibliography attached. The prospectus should be submitted to the SSE Graduate Programs office along with a signed copy of the prospectus approval form.
2015 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA 70118, 504-865-5573 firstname.lastname@example.com


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Karl Moore, professor at McGill University's Desautels Faculty of Management, says millennials want to work to serve a purpose more than just to make money. They seek to be a part of something big, not just in their jobs but also in their lives. Perhaps, the words of singer Dolly Parton express these sentiments best: ""Don't get so busy making a living that you forget to make a life.""
Today, practically any room can be turned into an office with well-made modern home office furniture. You can transform a part of the house into an office, complete with drawers, desks, office chairs, and even an executive ball clicker.


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The Review:
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Thanks to all who entered. If you didn't win, don't worry there will be other chances in the future :-)
If you are reading this in a Facebook note, a reader or some other format then go to my blog at DeShawn's Blog to see the original post.
Welcome to DeShawn Marie's Handmade Soap Blog!
links-->{website} {etsy shop} {artfire shop} {facebook} {twitter} {youtube} {pinterest}
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Thanks for following my blog! Aaawww I missed a giveaway...lol... Great soaps, they almost look too pretty to use!


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Read the fully Illustrated Operating Manual for VM186
Power Supply
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A seven-year-old wants to "dig a hole to China." Show her exactly where she'd come out: (if this link doesn't give you the map, paste the address into your browser window) http://grad.icmc.usp.br/~cipriani/bighole.php . Watch rapid transit lines run and figure out the schedules (and maybe even things like average speed): http://www.mackers.com/projects
Google Maps (on-line for US, UK/IE, China, Canada, Japan, etc) and Google Earth (a free download) offer you all sorts of ways to involve students in personalizable education. (And imagine what these could be like on an interactive white board...) And the new "mash-up" craze of building Google Map overlays (like those above) gives you pre-created access to all kinds of expanded ideas. See http://googlemapsmania.blogspot
Oh, and tired of thinking about education? Find the nearest pub via http://beermapping.com/us
Post any links in your comments, let's expand this as a resource...


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"I am enchanted to affirm, together with the BCCI, the Proteas' agenda for our voyage through India in the not so distant future," said CSA Chief Executive, Haroon Lorgat.
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Tracy Grammer rose to acclaim as half of the "postmodern, mythic American folk" duo, Dave Carter & Tracy Grammer. From 1998 until Dave's untimely death in 2002, the duo released three internationally celebrated, folk chart-topping albums. Tracy has kept to the road, becoming one of folk music's most beloved artists. Renowned for her spring water-clear alto, perfectly intoned violin, and guitar playing that is by turns percussive and delicate, Tracy is also a masterful storyteller with an ease and charisma on stage -- not to mention a riotous sense of humor. Stories about her first meeting with Dave Carter, Carter's quirks and fancies, and about Grammer's own misadventures and missteps are woven thoughtfully into the set list to create a uniquely personal concert that connects audiences to performer. Additionally, Tracy has begun down the songwriter's path as part of RealWomenRealSongs, and is sharing her fresh, fledgling efforts -- and the stories behind them – with her audience. Her latest release, Little Blue Egg, was the #1 most-played album on Folk Radio in 2012.
For more information about this concert or to be added to our Arhaven House Concerts mailing list, please go to our contact page.


text: Thank you so much for partnering with Camp Highland in our mission to lead people into a growing relationship with Jesus Christ through high adventure! You are a true parter in this mission and critical to the operations and growth of camp. Please let us know how we can serve you in the future and we look forward to seeing you at camp soon!


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About Amir Vahedi
Amir Vahedi had a tumultuous life as a youth, leaving the Iranian army at his mother's behest and getting bounced from country to country as a war refugee before finally landing in Los Angeles. Later, after owning several businesses in the United States, Amir took on poker as a full-time profession.
Amir gained added notoriety as a celebrity poker player after he began tutoring Ben Affleck in No-Limit Hold'em. The first lessons Ben took were a birthday gift from then-girlfriend, Jennifer Lopez, who later accused him of being a problem gambler.
Amir is known as a fierce tournament player, something that is reflected in the following quote: "I am not afraid to put my money out there and sometimes you just need to let these players know who is boss. You wanna mess with me, it's going to cost you. Sometimes you have to be willing to die in order to live in these tournaments. That is basically it."
Amir's unpredictable playing style makes it very difficult for players to read him, and that has earned him many successes. He was named No-Limit Texas Hold'em Player of the Year in 2001, had nine No-Limit final table appearances in 2003 alone, and in 2004, he welcomed in the new year by winning the Limit Hold'em event at Hollywood Park on January 3.
Amir admits that it took him some time to develop money management discipline. He overcame urges to play blackjack and craps and advises others who are serious about their poker to stick to poker.
"If you're in the meatpacking business, you don't go into trucking. The same goes for poker. If your business is poker, then don't touch any other sort of gambling," he said.
Despite that Amir knows it is his skills that have kept him winning at poker all these years, he says: "Although poker is largely a game of skill, the beauty of the game is that at any skill level it's possible to walk into a poker room and beat the champion on a particular day."
Still, if you think you can walk into a poker room and beat Amir Vahedi on any given day, you had better do a lot of practicing elsewhere first.
Tournament Placing
|WPT Season 7 - Bellagio Cup IV
|WPT Season 6 - WPT World Championship
|2007 WSOP - Event 8, No-Limit Hold'em w/Re-Buys
|WPT Season 5 - World Poker Open
|2006 WSOP - Event 14, No-Limit Hold'em w/re-buys
|2005 WSOP - Event 28, $5,000 Limit Hold'em


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Pro-Bono Opportunities Pro-Bono Opportunities
Our co-op program provides students with countless public interest work opportunities, but for those who seek to participate in pro bono work beyond our program and school, here are some opportunities:
NUSL Student Volunteers for Justice
In response to the need for volunteers to help defeat many of the recent federal executive orders and proposed changes in federal law intent on cutting back on individual rights and freedoms, the Center for Public Interest Advocacy and Collaboration launched NUSL Student Volunteers for Justice. This program provides law students with the opportunity to provide pro bono legal research and assistance to organizations such as the ACLU, Political Asylum Immigration Representation Project, Greater Boston Legal Services, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, the National Lawyers Guild and the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Economic Justice, among others. Student volunteers handle a wide range of responsibilities, including meeting with immigrants being held in ICE detention facilities, conducting research and discovery, performing intake for hate incidents, harassment and intimidation and organizing trainings.
Higg-Lew Leaders
The Higg-Lew Leaders is a mentorship program between students at Northeastern University School of Law and seventh and eighth graders who attend Higginson/Lewis School, located in Roxbury. The first hour of the mentorship program focuses on homework help, civics instruction and literacy skills through the discussion of current events relevant to the community. The second hour engages student talent in areas such as art, music, gardening, sports and cooking. A weekly career series exposes students to a diverse spectrum of professional possibilities and participants are also eligible to earn monthly field trips. Finally, a portion of the program is dedicated to connecting students to productive summer enrichment experiences and high schools.
Topics of discussion range from strict court cases to broader topics dealing with current events. During the past year, the Higg-Lew Leaders have held extensive discussions around the Trayvon Martin and Mike Brown cases and have collaborated with an ACLU staff attorney to host a street law clinic on stop and frisk issues.
In addition to building sustainable relationships amongst the mentors and mentees, the goal of Higg-Lew Leaders is to empower participants to become agents of change within their community. The Higg-Lew mentorship program was started by law students Gabrielle Pingue and Sarah Spofford and is supported by participation from members within the Black Law Students Association (BLSA) and the Family Law and Juvenile Justice Society (FLJJS).
Iraqi Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP)
The Iraqi Refugee Assistance Program (IRAP) offers students experience in managing complex immigration cases, which impact the lives of refugees. The program connects law students with pro bono attorneys to take on urgent humanitarian cases of refugees from countries such as Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Sudan and Somalia around issues such as sexual assault, domestic violence and human trafficking and persecution of members within the LGBT community and individuals. IRAP operates at law school chapters around the country, with an annual conference and support mechanisms. Looking to expand to related advocacy and events."
Legal Observer Training
The National Lawyers Guild Legal Observer program trains law students to observe interactions between law enforcement officials and individuals participating in public demonstrations. The Legal Observer program was established in 1968 in New York City, in response to city-wide antiwar and civil rights demonstrations. This program is one component of a comprehensive system of legal support designed to enable people to express their political views as fully as possible without unconstitutional disruption or interference by the police and with the fewest possible consequences from the criminal justice system. Students are trained by lawyers to observe and document incidents such as arrests, use of force, denial of access to public spaces and any other behavior used by law enforcement officials to restrict demonstrators' ability to express political views. This program teaches students how to provide neutral evaluations on the constitutionality of government conduct. The information gathered by Legal Observers is intended to be used in later court proceedings.
Project No One Leaves
Project No One Leaves is an initiative supporting community organizing efforts around the movement for housing justice. Each week, law students around Boston canvass neighborhoods to inform homeowners and tenants about their rights and options — legal or otherwise — in the face of foreclosure and eviction. Project No One Leaves is in support of City Life/Vida Urbana, a grassroots organization that organizes tenants and home-owners facing foreclosure and is rooted in promoting tenant rights and preventing housing displacement. Northeastern University's chapter of Project No One Leaves is facilitated through the National Lawyer's Guild.
Street Law Clinic Trainings
The Street Law Clinic Trainings teach law students to host interactive "know your rights" workshops within the community — these workshops help community members to assert their legal rights in real life situations. The following Street Law Clinic Trainings have been hosted over the past year:
Landlord/Tenant Training:
The Landlord/Tenant Training teaches participants about state and local laws designed to protect tenants, which are often ignored or deliberately violated by landlords. This clinic teaches participants how to assert their rights around issues such as evictions, rent increases, health code violations and discrimination.
Stop and Search Training:
The Stop and Search Training focuses on Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures. Through this training, participants acquire a better understanding of their constitutional rights when they have been stopped by the police learn how to respond to police and discuss what they can do when their rights have been violated.
Workers' Rights Training:
The Worker's Rights Training gives a broad outline of the laws regarding workers' rights and how to enforce their rights if their rights have been violated. Some of the topics of focus include safety and anti-discrimination laws, how to respond to unsafe working conditions, sexual harassment and discrimination. Participants also discuss the various resources that can be used to enforce the laws that protect their rights. Aside from substantive legal knowledge, law students in attendance are trained to host clinics within the community to equip community members with the knowledge to assert their rights in various situations.


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New! Our Full Year 2019 Catalog is here!
Past Catalogs
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