text:
Weed control technology of wheat
shortage: Inter-provincial dispute
of gas should be the last option
computers to be imported
control technology of wheat
Weed control play vital role for
higher wheat yield
By Dr. Shamsuddin Tunio
Associate Professor Department of Agronomy
Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam.
Feb 19 - 25, 2001
Wheat is a major cereal grain crop of Pakistan, which
meet food needs of growing human population of the country. Wheat is
grown in rabi season. This crop needs cool season for emergence or
growth and warm season for the maturity. Whereas, most of the broad
leaved weeds also make growth during the cool season and compete with
wheat crop for nutrition and other inputs.
The use of pure seed, proper land preparation,
balanced fertilizer and proper irrigations along with weed control play
vital role for higher wheat yield. Weeds emerge as un-invited plants,
which are harmful not only for whole eco-system but for the environment
where are grown. Some weeds are poisonous and some are useless plants
exists on the land and compete crop plants by taking food nutrients,
water, sunlight and other elements and weakens the main crop, which
results in low crop yield.
For achieving higher wheat production, new wheat
varieties, modern methods of sowing and control of harmful insect pests
and diseases are important but yield target may hardly be accessible.
The main reason behind it is that the growers are paying little
attention to the weed control or using eradication practices of weeds,
due to that yield loss may occur. This sort of loss of wheat grains due
to weeds may be 15 to 25 per cent.
Timely control of weeds is most essential for better
wheat production, weeds are crop pests of destructive nature, which need
continuous strategy to eradicate them. Weed competition with crop for
food, water, sunlight, air etc. extends from 3 to 8 weeks. Thus, weeds
must be controlled during the period of their competition for better
crop and increase in its production. If not doing so, and weeds were
left to grow during full season in the crop land, the yield would
decrease at drastic level.
Weeds of wheat: There are about thirty weeds of
wheat found in Sindh, which are spreaded over in a few or large numbers
under different wheat growing areas. Whereas, twelve to sixteen weed
species come up and grow in wheat fields, which induce losses upto
economic threshold level (Table 1). Such weeds lower the production
capacity of land, by competing in irrigation, plant nutrients, sunlight,
air and growing space, and left wheat crop devoid of those inputs. The
result is that wheat plants turn weak and produce low grain yields.
1: Weeds of wheat
Sr. No.
Local Name
English Name
Botanical Name
Family Name
Lamb's quarter
Chenopodium album
White sweet clover
Melilotus alba
Nettle leaf weed
Chenopodium murale
Wild onion
Asphodelus tenuifolius
Bili booti
Shepherd's clock
Anagallis arvensis
Canary grass
Phalaris minor
Jhangli Jai
Wild oat
Anena fatua
Vetch weed
Vicia hirta
Wild medic
Medicago dentatus
Jhangli Palak
Sheep sorrel
Rumex dentatus
Wild safflower
Carthamus oxyacantha
Lawn grass
Cynodon dactylon
Sedge nut grass
Cyperus rotundus
Bind weed
Convolvulus arvensis
Camel thorn
Alhaji Camelorum
Deep root grass
Desmostachya bipinnata
Growth losses of weeds in wheat
* Weeds reduce growth by making share in water,
food, light and sir.
* Weeds reduce tiller production and survival, which may result
in low production.
* Weeds grow fast and shade over the wheat plants, which may
result in weak crop stand.
* Weeds reduce growth, production and grain quality of wheat by
mixing at the time of harvest.
* Weeds make hinderances and reduce water flow applied to the
* Some weeds induce lodging of wheat crop by binding climbing
over the plants.
* Some weeds due to spines and thorns make trouble or
difficulties in the crop harvest.
Production losses of weeds in wheat:
Weed losses in wheat
may occur from initial stages to the last stage of maturity, harvest, Threshing,
winnowing and storing of wheat grains. Weeds of wheat such as, wild oat and
phalaris minor have close resemblance to the wheat crop, which could not be
identified during early growth stages, affect crop growth and reduce wheat
yields. Weed plants are more resistant, hardy and making faster growth than
wheat. Because, until when, wheat plants establish before that weeds bind over
the plants and wheat crop receive less time for growth, which result in
reduction in production of the crop. Some weed species, nourishes insect pest
and diseases and provide shelter to them.
In wheat weeds, there are species of weeds, which bear thorns
(such as camel thorn, prickly poppy etc.) and create difficulties in harvest and
produce losses in grain quantitatively. Whereas, Bind weed is such a species
that binds over the wheat and therefore, the losses of crop growth and yield
occur. Some weeds of wheat (such as wild onion and white sweet clover) produce
odourful seeds, which spoil the quality of flour.
Weed control methods: There are different methods of
controlling weeds of wheat, including traditional to improved weed control
methods. The collectively weed control methods depends upon cropping pattern,
economic status of the farmer, technology adopted, crop growing area and its
climatic conditions.
The weed control methods by and large consists of cultural,
mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated weed management practices. The
forming communities of Pakistan both due to small holdings prefer to use
cultural and chemical methods, which are the most common, effective and
important weed control methods in our conditions for the control of weeds of
Cultural weed control: The cultural weed control method
is more effectively used in wheat growing areas, due to the reason that it is
observed as environment friendly method of weed control and it is farmer's
method who uses their various agricultural practices to eradicate weeds. This
method may be used with stirring soil through weeding and interculturing
practices by using Hoe (khurpi), Pick axe (chanjour) and spade etc. In normal
course, the farmers in a majority control, prevent or eradicate weeds through
cultural practices including deep tillage, flooding, crop rotation, hand
pulling, hoeing, weeding and interculturing with tools and implements. The
cultural weed control method has its scope, by means of that weeds could be
uprooted, the soil be opened and pulverized through breaking up of hard pan,
weeds after removal may be incorporated in the soil for adding organic matter,
which would enhance fertility and water holding capacity of the soil.
In wheat, the control of weeds may necessarily be done before
first irrigation application by cultural method i.e. Interculturing practice. It
would not only clean wheat field from the weeds but such stirrer soils would
retain moisture for longer periods for proper crop growth.
Bar harrowing is one of the important practice under cultural
weed control, which may be done by Bar harrow that run after first or second
irrigation when soil comes into condition using bullocks to drag this implement.
Bar harrow would perform the function of interculturing alongwith uprooting
Wheat grown on large areas needs harrowing operation to
control weeds, which is an economical cultural practice by the use of Bar
harrows. Such practice may be employed to break hard pan of soil and to control
weeds in wheat. Bar harrow opens root zone of wheat during early growth stages
of the crop, which would result in better root establishment of wheat. Harrowing
would bring better environment for wheat through retaining moisture for longer
time. This would maintain vigorous growth and increase in crop yields. It is to
be noted that Bar harrow could only be used when crop is grown by drilling
method. By this means, wheat crop may be kept clean from annual weeds such as
lamb's quarter, white sweet clover, nettle leaf weed, wild onion, shepherds
clock, vetch weed etc.
However, the pre-sowing practices such as clean seed, proper
land preparation, increasing seed rate, timely sowing, crop rotation and
competition may bitterly adopted to control weeds of wheat.
Chemical weed control: The chemical weed control is one
of the improved method and recent technology to have control over weeds. In
wheat, the most easy and cheap method is use of weedicides, which take less time
and is effective input to control weeds on large scale. There are number of
weedicies, which have been effective and profitable while controlling weeds of
wheat. Because, chemical weed control is more efficient to control weeds in
wheat when it is grown on large area.
The use of herbicides/weedicides for the control of weeds is
rapidly increasing. In technical terms, the control of weeds through herbicides
is known by chemical weed control technology. For this purpose, specific or many
kinds of weedicidies are formulated and are under use, which have been very
effective to control annual and perennial weeds (Table 2).
The weedicides are considered effective and efficient in
terms of their selection, volume, application on specific weed and/ or crop. It
also be remembered that weedicides are poisonous and must be handled carefully,
which may be dangerous to plant or animal life, human health and life, all
living beings and environment as a whole.
The weedicide application would be essential when the losses
of weeds increase at economic threshold level. In wheat, weed density and
species, which cause production losses must be monitored before application of
weedicides. The time and method of herbicide application may be classified in
three categories:
Pre-planting application:
The herbicides applied before sowing of wheat crop.
Thus, pre-planting herbicides are used on the prepared land
before growing crop, which would kill newly emerging weeds.
Pre-emergence application:
One herbicides applied before emergence of either crop or
weed species which may be effective to control weeds, In this case, spray is to
be done after sowing of crop and before emergence of weeds.
Post-emergence application:
The herbicides applied after emergence of both either crop or
weed species. In this case, weeds would have been emerged and are sprayed on
their leaves.
Weeds must come under farmer's target to be controlled during
early stages of crop growth for the decrease of yield losses. Thus, weed control
technology of wheat must reflect in terms of its benefits and losses on crop
productivity. If weeds are controlled upto first 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after
sowing, there would be yield increase of 21.5, 39.5. 46.5 and 55.0% and if weeds
are kept clean from wheat crop for full season, there would be yield increase of
65.5% .
500 ml
Jhil, Senjh,
Kurund, Naro, Matri.
oat, Phalaris
100 g
Jhil, Senjh,
Naro, Matri.
1000 g
Jhil, Senjh, Naro
and Wild oat, Phalaris minor.
Jhil, Senjh, Naro, Matri
Jhil, Senjh, Naro,
and Phalaris, minor
oat and Phalaris minor
Jhil, Senjh, Naro, Matri and Wild oat or phalaris minor.


text:
Why is Ice Cube Diet Hoodia better than pills and liquid? Ice Cube Hoodia Pills and Liquid Extract Control Desert Labs controls the entire life cycle of the Ice Cube Diet. We grow the Hoodia in our fields, harvest the plants, make the ice cubes, ship it over to our facility in the United States …read more >>
The Science
Hoodia Gordonii Anti-Obesity Plant Review
We are providing the abstract for this comprehensive review of Hoodia gordonii authored by Ilze Vermaak, Josias H. Hamman, Alvaro M. Viljoen, affiliated with the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. Abstract Hoodia gordonii is a spiny succulent plant popularly consumed for its purported anti-obesity effect. Traditionally …read more >>
Cites Permit
CITES is an international agreement between governments, drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1973 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival and it accords varying …read more >>
Phytosanitary Certificate
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures – also known as the SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the World Trade Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and entered into force with the establishment of the WTO at the beginning of …read more >>
Fingerprint Analysis
In order to evaluate the plant source origin and its P57 levels we used the service that is provided by the authorized lab Alkemist. We preformed sets of three measurements: Macroscopy & Microscopy with Digital Photo-Documentation for phenotypic identification, High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Photo-Documentation for origin verification and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with …read more >>
Market Research
Everyone knows you must control eating to lose weight. Desert Labs asked 111 women who wanted to lose weight and solve their dieting problems without disrupting their lifestyle to try the Hoodia Ice Cubes Diet for 40 days. Tests Summary
Hoodia Origins and why Desert Labs Hoodia For thousands of years the Hoodia Gordonii plant has been eaten by an ancient African tribe, the San Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert, to ward off hunger and maintain energy during long hunting trips. They shave the spines from the skin of this succulent cactus like plant and …read more >>
Metabolic Syndrome Project
Desert Labs is engaged in a variety of studies exploring medicinal properties of succulent plants. The press release cited below describes the results of a study performed by Hadassah Medical Center's technology transfer company Hadasit and Desert Labs. It bears no impact on our current commercial product, The Ice Cube Diet. Please read disclaimers at …read more >>

subset: commoncrawl


text:
One Very Good Oolong Tea
"The most delicious evening tea in the world, which helps you to get down from a stressful day, and softly soothes your body and mind. Gaba's fruity and sweet taste reminds raisins and baked apples. The specialty of this tea is gamma-aminobutyric acid, which helps to reduce excitement of the nervous system."
- Herkko Labi, tealover and writer of the Metsakosmos photoblogGaba Oolong has been oxidized in nitrogen-rich environment during processing. Japanese scientists discovered a couple of decades ago that such method increases the effect of the soothing natural Gaba or gamma-aminobutyric acid in tea leaves. So Gaba Tea became known as a super relaxing tea, despite it´s caffeine content. So, if you need a decent sleep, then grab a pack.
Weight: 40g


text:
This text is compiled out of the information brought to us by several brave adventurers, who survived the long and dangrous journey to the headquarters of the Nemesis Guild.
During the great war, Nemesis was the leader of the dark legions that ravaged the surface of the planet. His mages ruled the battlefields with their spells. But all was in vain. The joined forces of Aurorian armies were too much and the dark army was slain. In this last battle Nemesis was killed, and his disciples scatered over the land. But the dark priests of Nemesis didn't run. They went back to get the corpse of Nemesis and found a way to revive their master. Now Nemesis is regrouping his dark army and filling in the ranks with new soldiers, but it is a slow process because Nemesis can't leave the shrine. The shrine is wat keeps Nemesis 'alive'.
- various spells, mostly offensive
- training in a number of skills
- some equipment to help them on their way
- access to the facilities of Nemesis
- help from other members
- A member may not learn robotics, computer science or technology.
- A member may not be an android.
- A member must be evil or face the concequences.
- A member can never join a team with a member of a guild with whom Nemesis is at war.
- A member should assist the other members and kill all members of guilds with whom Nemesis is at war.
To be able to cast a spell, one needs to be evil.
The members have knowledge of the following spells:
- Insect Swarm: summons insects to assist you in a fight.
- Raise Dead: turns remains into an animated body.
- Vampiric Touch: drains you oppenents health and heals you!
- Death Fog: heavy damage on ALL non-teammembers in room.
- Summon Creature: summons an evil creature to assist you.
To join the Nemesis-guild, you must go to Nemesis himself and type: 'guildjoin Nemesis'.
Joining Nemesis will cost you 1000 copper coins, and you will need to pass a couple of criteria.
The Nemesis-guild only accepts experienced adventurers.
You need a certain inteligence to be able to cast at all.
Only living things possess the ability to use magic, so only livings are allowed.
You must prove that you are evil.
To leave the Nemesis-guild, you need to go to Nemesis and type: 'guildleave Nemesis'.
The price for leaving the guild is death; You will not be removed from the guild untill you are dead. Be sure, Nemesis will help you with this minor problem.
One of the adventurers brought with him a note, supposedly written by the Nemesis guild master himself. A copy of this note is included below.
Minions of the Dark,
Listen to the voice of Death itself.. Thou shallt experience tingling sensations of more power soon.. The staffs shall be empowered with fire.. Robes shall be handed out that allow you to hide from enemies.. Can you not hear the screams that are emerging from the mouths of the idiot villagers our Priests us to test new spells?
Ah, how we love the sight of blood on the walls.. Rest assured, dear members, that the days of glory shall soon be ours.. But, as we learned during the Great War, patience means victory.. Give us some time and we will gather enough strength to smite Good.
Your Overlord and Guildmaster,
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Last update: Thu Oct 7 16:36:55 2004


text:
July 22, 2010 | Frank Bonanno
(In the spirit of disclosure: Anthony Bourdain & Me at Mizuna)
I had a phenomenal vacation. I cooked for people I love every night in what can only be described as a magical setting; I spent a ton of time in the ocean with my sons (we line caught crabs together every morning, fished for mussels, surfed, swam, built castles)–but you know what took this vacation just a rating beyond "great?" I got to read. I read all the time—trade journals, food magazines, cookbooks—but I do so on a treadmill, or in my office, or in the bathroom–so to really just sit back and read two full novels, well, that was some vacation. Since these two books from my phenomenal vacation have salted my conversations and thoughts recently, and I wanted to write about What I Read on My Summer Vacation.
The first was Devil in the Kitchen, a gift from the Bones' chef, Jared. I'd heard of Marco Pierre White and his legend my whole career. I'd read Gordon Ramsey's view of him (last year's vacation), and I wanted to see White's side of those stories. What would he want to convey to readers? Was he really such a bastard?
Yes. Turns out this guy is not likable, and from chapter one he takes a great deal of pride pointing it out. His own words define him as someone who's never done a kind thing for anyone except Marco Pierre White. I kept reading, though. People worked for this guy for years; they must have liked his training methods, what he brought to their careers. He must have inspired them. I was hoping White would reveal himself to be one of those secretly awesome coaches that nurtures his progeny—I'd love to get insight from a chef like that. Turns out he's this lonely guy that beats people down to rise. Imagine how awful it must be to think that you're the only one in the world who really cares? A line cook complains of heat—and White knifes ventilation holes in his chef whites (there's a photo of the shredded jacket in the book). Cooks actually pass out from the heat and work conditions in the kitchen—White has their bodies dragged outside and dumped in the parking lot. He takes undeniable satisfaction in the inhumane. From reading Devil in the Kitchen, I came to understand that White really was a brilliant coach—of the Bobby Knight ilk. A general of the old school. What I liked about his writing was that it reaffirms the ingredients for success: focus, drive, determination and consistency. But the book was a clear juxtaposition to, say, Setting the Table or The Making of a Chef, in which Danny Myers and Michael Ruhlman achieve focus, drive, consistency—through completely opposite means. I like to think that the glory days of maintaining those standards through fear are over.
My second read was a lot more fun, though the figure is just as controversial: Medium Raw, by Anthony Bourdain. I read it on my Father's Day nook, which was a gift of love, so maybe I went into the read with a more loving attitude– because I really, really, enjoyed reading it. Is it the most influential piece of food writing I've read? –No. Just a good solid set of essays from someone who's stood in my clogs and vocalizes a lot of my own beliefs. I like that Bourdain acknowledges his limits in the kitchen, and roots those limits in drugs and alcohol. He devotes chapters to the notion of selling out— how mouths need to be fed in the wake of success–wives, children, talented staff who have to grow—and I agree that at some point "selling out" is actually just growing up and thinking beyond yourself. Providing for those you love. Although he calls this book a "bloody valentine," my favorite chapter so intricately details the exquisite fish butchery of Justo Thomas that the style could only be described as "lovingly"—a valentine in the real, traditional sense. While Devil in the Kitchen took me a week to slog through, I read Medium Raw in just a couple days—maybe because I so wholeheartedly agreed with point after point—John Mariani; the impact of substance abuse on the industry, the beauty and mystery of figures like David Chang and Grant Aschatz. I see Bourdain as an Advocate for the Cook, because he admires chefs who raise the bar, and disdains "talent" that lowers it. Bourdain can say out loud what so many of us are thinking, and that act strengthens his career rather than sabotaging it. I live vicariously through reading Bourdain's words. White's made me die a little inside.
I'm pretty one-dimensional. The life I lead is kitchen centered, the books I read are food focused. That's where my passion is; I can relate to the material intimately; I like to be informed; I like to be current; I like to be inspired. Omnivore's Dillema took me two vacations to read, but it changed the way I view the food world and my role in it. So, when I have time to relax, I do so with material that I hope will be transformative. Are you a cook? What reading inspired you? What work transformed your career, peppered your thoughts and conversations? I'd love to start planning my Christmas reading. . .


text:
Beginning September 2011, OIT will accept the first class of students at Chemeketa Community College in Salem. (more…)
Monthly Archives: July 2011
Chemeketa Athletic Department Storm Scramble 2011
On a sunny, 75-degree day, the Chemeketa Athletics Department held its seventh annual Storm Scramble Golf Fundraiser in Lyons, Oregon at Elkhorn Golf Couse. With a scheduled 8:30 am shotgun start, there were 24 total teams that participated. (more…)


text:
Dr. Ferreira main mission is to providing compassionate care to all of his patients and making sure he fulfills their dental needs. He graduated with a dental degree from the University of Central Florida. In addition to his degree, he's received certification from Invisalign. He's also a member of the American Dental Association and Academy of General Dentists. He does everything from digital x-ray, root canal therapy, white fillings, veneers, dental crowns, and oral medication. Family Dental is located at 1984 Alafaya Trail, Suite 1006, Oviedo, FL 32765. Call for an appointment at (407) 542-1542.
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text:
- Welcome User
- Login
" At LabelCentric, our goal is to offer you authenticity, trust, complete anonymity and a special shopping experience. "
Lifetime authenticity guarantee
Free pick-ups and Free shipping across India
Even your bag has been to the spa
Private viewing: First try then buy, at your own doorstep
EMI- Ever thought you could buy a Louis Vuitton on installments? (COMING SOON!)
Product alerts: Be the first to know, when your favorite items are listed
Packaged like its new
7 day hassle free return policy
Founder's note
Chitra Goenka saw a gap in India, when it came to disposing luxury products that people didn't covet anymore. To address this need, she quit her full time job as an interior designer, and started connecting people who wanted to both sell and buy gently used luxury products and a few years later, LabelCentric was born. Chitra aims to make pre loved purchases, a household phenomenon in India.
Aneesa Dhody Mehta an entrepreneur at heart, Aneesa set up her luxury and lifestyle, brand consulting company, Creative Co. in 2011. Aneesa believes "Luxury owners of today are increasingly cash-smart and ecologically conscious and LabelCentric provides a curated and safe platform, for an alternate shopping experience.' She has joined Chitra as co-founder, to scale this business to new heights.


text:
Boat Storage
Storage off the water
Whether you've run out of driveway or need to keep your Homeowners Association happy by storing your boat, we can help you keep your boat or jet ski safe and ready to hit the water at a moment's notice.We offer outdoor parking for trailers or boats-on-trailers so you have the storage you need all year round. Our gated facilities keep your boat protected and safe with video surveillance keeping watch at all times.
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- Heated & Cooled Units
- Moving van accessibility
- Boat/RV storage and parking at
select locations
Search our locations for availability


text:
- Overview
- Specs
- Reviews
- Requirements
- Docs
Increase the efficiency of your Audit department by purchasing the Security Monitor bundle. These four reports can provide them with tracking activity in SAF, Employee Authorizations, Failed Logins as well as Security inquiry functionality at the employee level by screen name or transaction type. More time can be spent in the analysis of the data as opposed to retrieval of the data.
The Security Monitor contains the following DNAapps:
Please refer to the DNAapp documentation for the detailed specifications.
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Validations and Regular Expressions
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Blog » Validations and Regular Expressions
Posted on 10 Jun 2009 20:14
While reading about Validations in Ruby on Rails, you've found out that you need to know Regular Expressions to validate the format of strings. You can test and learn regular expressions online easily here.
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text:
Julian Reschke wrote: > ... > Section 5 -- Examples: > > I think the example in Section 5 should be moved into a subsection, and > we also should have an additional example showing the use of (1) > multiple link values in one header, and (2) use of title*. > ... Proposal: -- snip -- Link: </TheBook/chapter2>; rel="previous"; title*=UTF-8'de'letztes%20Kapitel", </TheBook/chapter4>; rel="next"; title*=UTF-8'de'n%c3%a4chstes%20Kapitel" This example shows an instance of the Link header encoding multiple links, and also the use of RFC 2231 encoding to encode both non-ASCII characters and language information. For instance, the second link has a title encoded in UTF-8, uses the German language ("de"), and contains the Unicode code point \u'00E4' ("LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS"). -- snip -- (and also add "Non-ASCII characters used in prose for examples are encoded using the format "Backslash-U with Delimiters", defined in Section 5.1 of [RFC5137]." to Section 2). BR, JulianReceived on Monday, 2 March 2009 17:44:19 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 1 March 2016 11:10:48 UTC


text:
The Doctor Sleep announcement was quite shocking, wasn't it? "A sequel to The Shining??" How could there be a sequel to The Shining? I would say that the end of the book was pretty...er...final.
But no. Stephen King made it so, and so it shall be.
Doctor Sleep has to be one of the best books I have ever read, ever, in my life. Ever. Doctor Sleep has left such a huge impact on me, that The Shining just feels like a back story. A prequel to the real story, Dan Torrance's story.
If you haven't read the original story of Danny's life, and his parents' life, here's a brief, spoiler-free synopsis.
To spend more time on his writing, Jack Torrance takes a job as the Overlook Hotel's winter month caretaker. He brings his wife, Wendy, and his son, Danny, along with him, but Danny has special powers that soon warn him about the dark depths and secrets of the huge, haunted hotel.
Good, right?
In Doctor Sleep, and after the Overlook's business is...completed, Danny is an adult (who goes by "Dan" now), and he's slowly backsliding into his father's life-ruining footsteps. He soon meets a little girl, who also has the same powers that he possesses, and he takes her under his wing just the way Dick Hallorann did for him.
While reading Doctor Sleep, I was more than entertained. I was giddy, I was excited, and I was just dying to get back to Dan's story. It was incredible. Then of course, as the story progressed, I got impatient, I HAD to know what was going to happen! There were several times where I stopped reading and thought, "Wait, everything's happening now and I still have 200 pages left! What's going to happen in 200 pages?!"
Yeah, it got me that badly. I was hooked. More than hooked. I was a fish who was just hooked and caught, and I was flopping on the sun bleached deck, Mr King standing over me with a gutting knife laughing maniacally. (Pretty descriptive image, eh?)
Then...then I reached the end.
This is NOT a spoiler. I repeat: NOT A SPOILER.
I cried so hard when the book was finished, I just held it in my arms, praying that there would be more somewhere. (I have yet to read the Author's Note in the back though. Score!)
This is not a spoiler because my emotional state had nothing to do with the story (well, at least half of my tears had nothing to do with the story). I cried because I loved it so much. I loved it so much, and it was OVER. Why do authors do that to their readers? What's up with that?? Just ending a book so suddenly, it's completely and entirely unfair!
This book took me emotional hostage, and I developed Stockholm Syndrome. I was deliriously happy being held captive in Stephen King's storytelling grasp. The Shining...The Shining was a good prequel. But my book-loving friends...Doctor Sleep is where the real story is.
Doctor Sleep is where Stephen King takes a bow.
Book ebook


text:
|Asymptote is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for asymptote: 16 points.
|Asymptote is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for asymptote: 16 points.
Above are the results of unscrambling asymptote. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters A S Y M P T O T E, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 330 words by unscrambling the letters in asymptote. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.
1. a straight line that is the limiting value of a curve; can be considered as tangent at infinity
|Words that start with asymptote
|Words that end with asymptote
|Words that contain asymptote


text:
Credits: Photgraphy by Amoghavira
Time to think, tailored to each customer:
helps people think outside the box
.... but doesn't come out of one
Nick McBain, Clarity Consultancy & Paul Cowan, Standard Life Talent Management
The most-needed leadership qualities (energy, engagement, empathy, enterprise) can be the first casualties when things get tricky.
In turbulent times organisations need people who are at their best: leaders who can thrive, rather than just survive. So, reflecting on our daily experience working with operational and strategic leaders, we thought we'd suggest a range of ways leaders can help themselves to develop and maintain their capacity to lead with dynamism and courage.
Downturn problems:
There is an element of loss and sadness in losing both close colleagues and parts of their wider network which can seriously deplete leaders' resources of support and positivity.
Mid- to long-term career movement, so important to people with talent, appears to be taking a back seat for the length of the downturn and some see this as a permanent feature from now on.
Instead of taking risks, or innovating, or looking for better practice– all classic positive behaviours – many managers may default to building the safest job 'bunker' they can, to ride out the storm.
With headcount going down, those who stay on are doing 2 or 2½ jobs and feel overloaded and under-thanked, may develop very short focus and lose the capacity to think strategically.
By the time an upturn comes, these talented but overloaded managers, key people for the organisation's next phase, will depart for the rejuvenation of a new employer very quickly.
This is an unprecedented, even unique, combination of individual and systemic challenges.
Mistaken responses:
Hunkering down – you go for safety at all costs, show a complete lack of risk tasking, become reluctant to propose new directions, and spend time looking for senior managemers to give you direction. Consequences: leaders operating at least two levels below your pay grade, overloading their top team, and adding insufficient value to the organisation's activity and agility.
Becoming a 'Teflon' leader – you avoid accountability when things go wrong (and they will do!), and only pay attention to how well senior management rates you. Consequences: alienating other colleagues, who have greatest impact on anyone's success. Regardless of their individual intelligence, networks and connections, leaders need other people at all levels.
Becoming cynical – in wanting to be part of the peer group, you give in to the temptation of becoming cynical and colluding with the cynicism expressed by others. If one of the strong themes is cynicism, leaders need courage to be different. Consequences: cynicism is more catching than swine flu, and can deplete the energy of whole swathes of staff.
Burning out – the opposite of hunker down in that you strive to take on too much in hope of impressing senior leadership and subsequently advance your career. Consequences: these are well documented – poor decision-making, low morale, demoralising of key talent, narrow spreading of delegation, degraded ability to think clearly at all ... let alone 'out of the box'.
We need to recognise that these responses are understandable during these unpredictable times. Apart from getting some coaching, here are some really simple and practical ways to turn this behaviour from a need to survive into a way to thrive:
Take a Step Back – when you are feeling overwhelmed from the sheer pace of these times, you need to take time out to view the situation you are in. When you are caught up in the day to day grind of delivery it can become difficult to see the path ahead. Plan some thinking time in your schedule where you will only focus on the situation you are in and the possibilities of where you could be.
Honestly Appraise Yourself – these times call for some serious honesty. You need to have a full and frank appraisal of your career to date. What have been the highlights? Take a full inventory of your career portfolio. Are you clear what exactly you are offering to the world of work in terms of your skills, knowledge and attitude? Ask a trusted friend or colleague to help you with this exercise as this step is vital in moving to the next level.
Refocus –Now is not the time for self limiting beliefs like "my career has reached the final plateau here" or "I only know the Sales business". Successful people have made major career transformations within their current organisation, or completely reinvented themselves in another industry. The key attribute for their success was a laser like focus on the future and not the past.
Invest – you need to invest in the stock of the only company that truly matters, ME PLC. This investment could include contracting with an executive coach, enrolling on an external development course, learning a new technical skill, attend a trade conference or simply buy lunch for an individual whose career journey you admire. You can't sit back and wait for your company to invest in your career in the short term Personal development investment is the key to growing your future so don't be afraid to speculate to accumulate.
Value your networks – one of the dangers people make in these times is to be so internally focused that they neglect their wider network. There is never a better time to reconnect with all your ex colleagues, college tutors, subscribe to an external on line group or even start up your own blog. These people can help with environmental scanning of your industry/profession and they often bring a fresh and exciting new perspective Also look to build internal alliances that are genuine over time and look for an internal mentor that can help you navigate the choppy waters.
Enjoy the 'other stuff' – we realize that your career is an important element of your whole life experience. However, maintaining your contact with the' real world' can be a very healthy outlet to work stress. So maintain and build activates that take your mind to other places such as community service or volunteering. Being made to feel humble once and a while can be a great antidote to the career hassles you are facing right now.


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TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's main stock index slipped on Friday, weighed down by losses among some gold miners, technology, telecom and consumer names which offset gains for energy companies as oil prices rose and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce's (CM.TO) extended post-earnings rally.
* The Toronto Stock Exchange's S&P/TSX composite index .GSPTSE ended down 28.51 points, or 0.18 percent, at 16,038.97. It lost 0.4 percent over the course of the week.
* Seven of the index's 10 main groups were lower, with the technology sector down 1.4 percent and the materials group, which includes precious and base metals miners and fertilizer companies, losing 1.3 percent.
* BlackBerry Ltd (BB.TO) fell 1.7 percent to C$13.69 after agreeing to pay Nokia about $137 million in a contract dispute, while Shopify Inc (SHOP.TO) retreated 3.2 percent to C$130.84.
* Gold-focused royalty company Franco-Nevada Corp (FNV.TO) fell 2.6 percent to C$102.34 and other gold miners also lost ground despite the precious metal getting a boost from safe haven flows after an ABC report that added to concerns about U.S. President Donald Trump's exposure to a probe into Russian meddling in last year's election campaign.
* The energy group climbed 1.1 percent, as oil prices rose following a deal among major producer to extend an output curb.
* Canadian Natural Resources Ltd (CNQ.TO) rose 2.3 percent to C$44.75 and Cenovus Energy Inc (CVE.TO) jumped 4.6 percent to C$12.87.
* U.S. crude CLc1 prices were up 1.7 percent to $58.36 a barrel, while Brent LCOc1 added 1.7 percent to $63.7. [O/R]
* The financials group gained 0.2 percent, with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CM.TO) up 2.6 percent at C$121.20, extending gains as several analyst upgraded their view on the stock following its Thursday earnings beat.
* BRP Inc (DOO.TO) jumped early before pulling back to end up 1.1 percent at C$47.68 after the Ski-Doo maker posted earnings that beat expectations.
Reporting by Alastair Sharp


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Juniper Networks Wednesday announced the formation of an organization that endorses the company's stated goal of creating a profitable public IP network.
Juniper Networks Wednesday announced the formation of an organization that endorses the company's stated goal of creating a profitable public IP network.
The so-called Infranet Initiative Council combines large companies from various facets of the computer and communications industries, including IBM; Oracle; Juniper channel partners Lucent, Ericsson and Siemens; and service providers BT and Orange. Sources say the IIC will also include a large U.S. carrier - which some speculate may be MCI - as well as international service provider Deutsche Telekom and an unidentified carrier in the Asia Pacific region.
Notably absent is Cisco. Cisco did not comment by press time.
The IIC fleshes out Juniper's "call to action" last fall to unite the industry around a common vision for public networking that attempts to resolve some shortcomings the vendor says are inherent in the Internet. Juniper is proposing the definition of two interfaces - a user-to-network interface between customers and service providers, and a so-called inter-carrier interface between service providers - that will facilitate the construction of an "infranet" combining the ubiquitous connectivity of the Internet with the predictable performance and security of a private network.
The IIC hopes that this infranet will ultimately provide the global infrastructure required to support machine-to-machine grid computing, unlock the full potential of Web-enabled applications and finally usher in the era of the online economy.
"The Internet of today is a fantastic development enabling people to communicate in new ways," says Brian Levy, group technology officer for Service & Solutions at BT Group. "Today's Internet, however, has its limitations; it does not provide any quality-of-service guarantees, making it inappropriate for many business applications. High-bandwidth services are also a problem."
In a whitepaper on the IIC's raison d'etre, CIMI President Tom Nolle says the Internet is essentially a failed business model for service providers.
"With the unit cost per bit of fiber transport approaching zero, it is clear that selling bits can never be a stable business model no matter what purpose those bits serve," Nolle states in his paper. "Creating IP services to replace frame or ATM services will not relieve the downward pressure on cost of bandwidth, nor the downward trend in revenue opportunities."
Instead, carriers need to sell services "higher on the food chain," Nolle states. The IIC recognizes that networking must marry the network and the application, so the network doesn't become a commoditized conduit, he states.
The IIC is proposing a network/application framework based on business-related "strata," according to Nolle's paper. The "Control Stratum" and "Data Stratum" represent the protocol-linked connection and transport layers of the network, while the "Signaling Stratum" is analogous to the application layer of the OSI model.
The model also includes a "trust barrier" at the infranet edge for security, and user authentication and access.
Juniper's announcement of the IIC and its members is a bit of an anti-climax, according to Chris Nicoll, an analyst at Current Analysis.
"I think they should have started off with this type of council when they started the Infranet Initiative" last fall, Nicoll says. "I don't think it did Juniper a lot of good to make the announcement without the strong backing of at least its channel partners, and ideally a couple of its key service provider customers. The council that they're putting together now is not unexpected; I think it's overdue."
Nonetheless, Nicoll says it's high time someone or something catalyzed the industry to come up with a way to churn profit from public IP services.
"The Internet, the IP networks, really need to evolve their personality into more of a business-class operation," Nicoll says. "Infranet is Juniper's way of doing it; I'm sure Cisco will come up with their own way of doing it. But it points to a common need that the service providers have.
"We've got to get beyond the concept that the network ends at the router and get deeper into both the enterprise networks but also into the applications," Nicoll says. "So you've got to commend Juniper on the breadth of this council. I just think it should have started off this way."
This story, "Juniper unveils 'infranet' council" was originally published by The Edge.


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Anglers with a Michigan license can fish for trout, pike, bass, and salmon. Certain fish may be contaminated and should be eaten in limited amounts or not at all. Check the Michigan Fishing Guide for details about fishing regulations in Michigan and the Michigan Fish Advisory for information about fish consumption.
There are several small inland lakes to fish in the Lakeshore. On the southern part of the park, you will find Loon Lake along the Platte River. There is a boat launch just off M-22 for Loon Lake. Otter Lake is near Trail's End road, but the boat launch is made for canoes and will not accomodate trailers. On the northern end of the park, Bass Lake and School Lake offer good fishing. There is a boat launch for School Lake on County Rd. 669.
For some excellent small mouth bass fishing, try Lake Manitou on North Manitou Island. The island has some additional fishing regulations: artificial lure only and 18 inch minimum size.
Ice fishing is popular throughout the Lakeshore during the winter months. The use of a powered ice auger requires a permit, and they are only allowed on Lake Michigan, Loon Lake, School Lake, Bass Lake (Leelanau County) and Tucker Lake. Pick up your free ice auger permit from the visitor center in Empire or from any law enforcement park ranger.
Last updated: December 21, 2017


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Assess your readiness to sell an idea, product, or service. See how ready you
are to influence others or make a change in yourself.
Contrary to what some believe, increasing your influence is not a matter of
raising your voice or being more charismatic. It isn't merely the result of
having a great idea or possessing an impressive title. Nor is
being influential reserved for those born with special talents or
The secret to inspiring your team as a leader, selling products or services as a
sales person, or persuading others to adopt a new idea in any circle of
influence is the application of eight core principles of influence. They are
the same principles you would use in influencing yourself to successfully
complete a self-improvement initiative or in overcoming a bad-habit. These
principles fundamentally enable persuasion - of others or yourself.
The core principles of influence take advantage of the rational and emotional parts of
the human brain. They cultivate both the mindset and aptitude for change. They gently,
but powerfully move people through the process of thinking and taking action. They promote confidence and sustainability. They are the principles that form the core of the art and
science of influence. When applied properly, they enable results.
This readiness assessment steps you through
questions regarding how well you are employing the eight principles of
influence. Use it to gauge your general ability to influence others or as a tool
in preparation for a specific presentation. Use it to guide you during a sales
pursuit or as part of your preparation for a self-development initiative.
To begin, identify the targeted individual or market of your influence and state
the specific goal you have in mind on which to apply this assessment, e.g.
"Convince my management team to embrace a new business idea", "Sell a complete
solution to the ABC account", or "Improve my physical fitness by eating better
and exercising more". Then answer the questions that follow to calculate the
scores for your particular goal.
My goal:
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree


text:
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With nine parks encompassing over 12,000 acres, Allegheny County boasts one of the largest regional park systems in the country. An array of abundant recreational activities makes each park a unique destination. Nature is the common thread that connects our parks and is our most treasured asset. The abundant resources found in our parks' forests, meadows and streams provide vital habitat for flora and fauna that clean our air and water, pollinate our plants and connect the web of life. We are stewards of these natural sanctuaries and are working to protect them for future generations.
Using state-of-the-art mapping and data collection techniques and on-the-ground field observations, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy staff identified several plant species in Boyce Park that deserve special protection because they are on the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program watch list and could become rare without further conservation action. These include the Glade fern and Crepis rattlesnake root, James' sedge and the butternut tree. Of particular note is a small population of Shumard oak that is designated a Pennsylvania endangered species.
Among its other recommendations, WPC suggested converting some mowed areas to restoration meadows to increase wildlife habitat, planting additional trees to restore native species, constructing bioswales to manage stormwater and developing a sustainable trail plan. Each of these recommendations is described in greater detail in the report. The Allegheny County Parks Foundation is working with Allegheny County to develop a prioritized set of implementation actions.
We are deeply grateful to the PNC Foundation for providing the funding to make this report possible. We also thank the outstanding staff at the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy and the Allegheny County Parks Department for their expertise and insightful contributions to this report. We look forward to working with the County Parks staff and other partners to implement these recommendations and to continue this important work in all of the Allegheny County Parks.
Download the final report.
Section I: Introduction, Background and Methods
Section II: Ecological Overview
Section III: Objectives, Issues and Opportunities


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It was a dark and stormy night. You wandered in off the street, disoriented and tense, a stranger in a strange land — and that land is ... the jewelry store. All these choices, and unfamiliar terms! Halo, pavé, shank/split-shank; gold, white gold, platinum; and what the hell are carats, anyway?
Chill. There's no need to totally freak out. (Maybe just mildly freak out, for starters.) Here's how to handle proposing to your future fiancé, from buying a ring, to asking her parents, to getting down on one knee.
One Ring to Rule Them All
Buying an engagement ring is one of the most important (not to mention stress-inducing) purchases a guy will ever make, and there are two broad schools of thought on how to do it right:
Going Solo
This is a bold choice. To even entertain going it alone, or mostly alone, on buying a ring for your fiancé-to-be, you've got to have serious cojones, as well as an excellent sense for what your partner is into, jewelry-wise.
- Check out her jewelry box. What kind of rings does your future wife already own? Are they simple, vintage, or more modern? Does your girl have an eye for big rocks, or would something ostentatious make her feel uncomfortable? Make a note of a few standout factors amongst her existing jewelry — or, if you don't have the words for that, lay out the rings she already owns and snap a picture with your phone, which you can later show to the shop clerk. If you can, maybe even swipe a medium-favorite ring of hers (for style as well as sizing purposes) and bring it with you. Be careful, though: If a favorite ring goes missing for too long, she may get wise.
- Take your time. Seriously. Would you buy a car from a dealership without kicking the tires, taking it for a test drive, asking a billion questions of the salesman, and probably coming back at least a couple Saturdays in a row? No you would not. And you don't want to treat buying a ring any differently. This isn't some random bouquet of flowers you're picking up at the supermarket on the way home from work. Ideally this is a purchase that is going to last a lifetime, and you should treat it accordingly.
- Don't bankrupt yourself. You know that received piece of "wisdom" about how you should spend three months' salary on an engagement ring? That's 100% insane. I mean, if you can afford it, go for it, but a ring is meant to be a symbol, not a dowry. And putting you and your SO in the poorhouse over a piece of metal and rock is a foolish (not to mention majorly stressful) way to start your engagement.
- Get a second opinion. When it's time to make the purchase, bring a friend. And by that I mean one of her friends, not your idiot buddy who thinks pajama pants = "business casual." After you pick out a ring or two that you like, confirm and verify with her best friend, sister, mother, parole officer — whatever. Just swear them to secrecy.
With Your Partner
This is the much safer choice, and it's not a wrong one by any means. Sure, it's not quite as exciting as braving the wilds of the jewelry store by yourself, but shopping for an engagement ring together can actually be really fun, and she's sure to love it. If you do go this route, maybe just be sly about it.
- Make the jewelry-store visit a surprise, or half a surprise. Just because you guys made a plan to pick out a ring together doesn't mean you need to send a Google Calendar invite specifying the exact time, place, and duration of the shopping trip. Instead, when you're at the mall to see a movie, maybe you can just subtly steer her toward the jewelry store, and make a mental note about the rings she responds to.
- When you finally settle on a ring, don't buy it right away. Ask the shop to set it aside for you, and come back later solo to make the purchase. That'll add a little dash of the unknown back into the proceedings for your future bride.
To Ask Her Parents, or Not to Ask?
That is the question. And yeah, this is going to be really stressful — there's no two ways about it. But you're a modern man, who has asked bosses for raises, traffic cops to look the other way on speeding tickets, and exceptionally hot trainers at the gym to pass your sweaty self a towel.
- Include her mom. The operative word, should you choose to ask her parents for her hand in marriage, is parents, as in plural. It's 2015, and her dad doesn't own her any more than you will, should she say yes. This is going to score major points with your future in-laws, and it's also going to head off at the pass any throat-clearing awkwardness as you sit in the den with her dad over a rapidly warming scotch on the rocks. Unless you're a total bum, her mom is going to be psyched about it, and you're going to want her on your side if your marriage ever hits any rocky parts, as it most certainly will. (To err is human; to blank on your future one-year anniversary is man.)
- Maybe you don't have to literally ask? Like I said, your future wife is not anyone's property. So asking for her dad's permission to marry her is kind of … odd. But it also doesn't cost you a lot to make a show of respect and let her folks know your intentions. Just find some time to go out to their house, or a private half hour when you guys are at her home, visiting, and give them the heads-up. Including them from the get-go shows that you're courteous and respectful of them, and will pay dividends down the road, during the wedding-planning process.
The Proposal Itself
Outside of the ring thing, this is where the vast majority of dudes get themselves into trouble. Because while buying a ring is often a collaborative thing, coming up with a plan for how you're actually going to pop the question remains almost entirely in the male sphere of influence.
And that's why it often goes so poorly. Fifty percent of guys seem to think that a ring fumbled from one's pocket and a half-mumbled, "So let's do this thing, huh?" will suffice, while the other half believes that a proposal isn't worthwhile unless it rises to the occasion of Major Broadway Theater, with a digital camera crew, guest appearances from everyone in the woman's life up until that point, choreographed dance moves, and … lord it makes me tired just to think about it.
As with most things in life, somewhere in the middle is right:
- Pick a place that's meaningful to both of you. Where did you go for your first date? Is there a particular park, restaurant, or cocktail bar that you guys love? If you do decide to propose at a place of business, give the restaurant or wherever a heads-up beforehand; reputable establishments will send out complimentary champagne or etc. after you ask the big question, if they are prepared ahead of time to do so.
- Put some thought into what you're going to say. I'm not saying you have to develop a whole PowerPoint presentation (unless of course you think she's going to need convincing), but you are going to be very nervous when this is going down, and if you don't have a modicum of a plan, you are going to trip over your words like a fourth-grader who just got caught shoplifting. Just come up with a few "talking points" in your head, and give it a dry run or two in the mirror before zero hour.
- Do not put the ring in any drink, food, Jello shot, or etc. Just don't. Murphy's Law applies here, and you are going to straight-up lose the ring if you do this. You're also going to end up super stressed if your fiance ends up chipping a tooth on her ring. Do you really want to spend the evening of your engagement at an emergency dental visit?
- Keep it simple, stupid. In many ways this is kind of a distillation of all the above points, but it bears repeating. This is a big event for both of you, and the excitement of it will carry the day — no extra bells, whistles, or fireworks necessary. (That said, if you simply must incorporate illegal fireworks, a few tasteful roman candles never hurt.)
Dress (and Groom) the Part
Don't take a page from your pajama-pant–wearing buddy. Even if you're typically a more casual guy, get yourself a hair cut, shave your face, and get all fresh and clean by applying Gillette Clear Gel. You don't have to wear a tux, but dress up 25% nicer than usual. Because when the big moment arrives — even if you've done all your homework above — you are definitely going to be nervous, and you want to look (and smell) your best. #NoSweat
Streaming Now: The new video series YOU GOT THIS! presented by Adequate Man in partnership with Gillette Clear Gel. Tune in here!
Hunter Slaton is a senior writer for Studio@Gawker. He asked his wife to marry him on an airplane, which is where they met.
This post is a sponsored collaboration between Gillette Clear Gel and Studio@Gawker.
Illustration by Rob Dobi.


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traditional Tibetan costume but still I think a few small excerpts from the book describing ethnic dress of the Tibetans would be interesting to read. So many years have passed since that time but the costume has not changed that much as you can see from the photos taken at Bouddhanath this year during Losar festival."In the uplands the average person of either sex has one garment to wear the year round - a heavy sheepskin cloak with the skinny side out. When warm one slips the arms out of the sleeves and ties them around one's middle which leaves the upper part of the body bare. Then during the sudden coldness of winds, rain, hail, or shade it is easy to cover up and keep healthy. The cloak is a versatile garment serving three purposes - as day clothing, night clothing and as baggage carrier. It is made slightly longer than the wearer with sleeves also longer than the arms. During the day it is shortened at the belt to hang around the knees for men and the ankles for women. It is let down at night with the arms out of the sleeves which gives sufficient covering.
As a rule, colour and texture of clothing is strictly regulated by the rank of the individual regardless of wealth. The higher the social rank the less exposure of the body. The wealthier the individual and the more important the social occasion, regardless of the weather, the greater the number of pieces of clothing worn.
Bright red is the universal colour of the striped belts although the women may have intricately designed black ones. The belts being ten to twelve feet long encircle the waist several times. Men's belts, about six inches wide, are twisted around the waist like a rope and supports flint and dagger on the side. The women have a friend hold the outer end while they smoothly wind themselves round and round inside their eight inch wide silk or cotton belt with great care. The women also wear a separate jewelled silver belt to support flint case and toiletries.
The women share with priests the wearing of a skirt-vest. Ladies of means have them of black silk and the poor of dark red wool, often patterned and always pleated into numerous folds. While the skirt section is voluminous the upper or vest part is sleeve-less. To dress up, this gown is topped by an apron of silk embroidered with dragons and tied at the waist. Another dress apron is of narrow silk bands of different colours for the rich and for the poor one just as beautiful but of many-hued bands of finely woven wool cloth.
Hats on the men and jewelry on the women indicate the tribe or the district of the wearer. Tibetan hats vary from broad-brimmed, very low-crowned grey felt roughly matted, to a red fox skin wound around the head with the fluffy tail dangling on one side.
Men and boys carry a sword in their belts. The sword will vary in length and quality but few have less than a foot-long blade and some are nearer three feet. Some swords have a sharp point to thrust as well as to cut."