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IoT Categorization
Burgeoning growth in the IoT ecosystem — in terms of the number of connected devices globally and in total spending on end-point devices and services — is driving a wide range of new uses and requirements on the network infrastructure. Several recent industry initiatives have examined the main features of IoT verticals to better understand the requirements posed by each. This work is instrumental in identifying design features relevant to the standardization of 5G.
Beyond examining verticals, ATIS' work in this area is broad in scope. It is exploring the multidimensional landscape of IoT across devices, applications, subscription type and technology as well as regulatory and market drivers. A taxonomy categorizing these groups of attributes will be defined. This will then serve as the basis for identify specific network capabilities and enhancements needed to support a robust IoT network platform.
Overview of the IoT Categorization Focus Group
Member Access
Brian Daly, AT&T
Farrokh Khatibi, Qualcomm


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|Eurasian Land Bridge
Christina Witte von Schwanenberg M.A. EU Project Consultant
The Eurasian Land-Bridge is one of the most important strategic question of today because the success of the economic integration of Eurasia to technological base will determine our future.
An idea called "the Eurasian Land-Bridge concept", was initially presented in the 1860s by Henry C. Carey in U.S.A the economist who was also a partner of President Abraham Lincoln. Carey proposed that the lessons of Europe and the United States in opening up the western lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific and then similarly in Europe, via railroad development corridors, be utilized throughout Eurasia. This policy, presented by Carey was adopted in Germany, France and was also spread into Russia, China, and others (…) That was the so-called "Land-Bridge program" (…) where all agreed on the development of railway corridors.
Nowadays the term Eurasian Land Bridge is used to describe the rail transport route for moving freight and/or passengers overland from Pacific seaports in eastern Russia and mainland China to seaports in Europe The rail links offer the potential to greatly shorten the distances and reduce transit times between countries and regions and railways could become a tool to trade expansion and economic growth. There are three major rail connections over Eurasian continent, the northern route comprises the Trans-Siberian Railway - the First Eurasian Land-bridge which runs through Russia. The central route, Second Eurasian Land Bridge, runs through Kazakhstan to China. The southern route goes through Turkey and Iran and is called the historic Silk Route and is the oldest caravan route to China. Eurasian Land-Bridge connect the 500 million people of Europe, and 4 billion people in East Asia and Southeast Asia. About 1% of the goods shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delivered by inland transport routes.
Eurasian Land-Bridge & the Witte System: "Silk Routes" is a research focusing on how railway transport - extensive interconnected network of trade and transit routes - could become a tool for trade expansion and economic growth.
According to the former President of the European Commission José Manuel Durão Barosso from the fragments of his speech held in European Parliament 28th of September 2011 in Strasbourg titled "European renewal – State of the Union Address 2011.
"...Economic outlook that we face is very difficult. We are confronted with the negative effects of an ongoing global re-assessment of risks. It is therefore our responsibility to rebuild confidence and trust in the euro and our Union as a whole." (…) "And we can do this by showing that we are able to take all the decisions needed to run a common currency and an integrated economy in a competitive, inclusive and resource-efficient way. For this we need to act in the short, in the medium and the long term." (…) "Stability and responsibility are not enough on their own. We need stability but we also need growth. We need responsibility but we also need solidarity."(…) "The economy can only remain strong if it delivers growth and jobs." (…) "But significant growth in Europe is not an impossible dream. It will not come magically tomorrow. But we can create the conditions for growth to resume. We have done it before. We must and we can do it again." In a competitive world we must be also well-educated with skills to face these new challenges. We must innovate. And we must act in a sustainable way. (…)
Sustainable jobs will come if we focus on innovation and new technologies including green technologies. We must see that "green" and growth go together." (….) "A Union of growth and solidarity needs modern, interconnected infrastructures. We have proposed for the next Multi-Annual Financial Framework (MFF) to create a facility to connect Europe – in energy, in transport .."
Back to the Eurasian Land-Bridge issue. Several nations are already participating in modernizing the existing transport lines, or building new railway lines. It is surprising how little information there has been delivered about Land-Bridge and few of us have ever heard or read anything about this item even though the project has been for some time underway? What about international business? Which firms are participating in the Land-Bridge project?
There should be more visible reference to the articles concerning this subject in scientific journals or in the Economist. Regular references on Eurasian Land-Bridge in different organ of the mainstream press are missing. There shouldn't be any difficulties to find exact data on this subject which has been claimed to be of "world historic importance". It is obvious that there is lack of information and we find it necessary to fill in the gaps.
According to our view sustainable and inclusive economic growth in Europe could be obtained only through cheaper transportation costs which increase foreign trade to expanding Asian markets with prosperous costumers. It is important to keep in mind that Europe's economy functions only if it concentrates on continuous progress in science and technology (Helga Zepp-LaRoche, Schiller Institute U.S.A). Economic recession could stop through cheaper transportation costs, which in turn raise export and deliver more growth and jobs. It is obvious that improved intermodal land bridge services not just save time and costs for container traffic and make export cheaper, but is probably the only way out of recession. And what about Asia? The railway development corridors open up the vast hinterlands of Asia which is the area of the largest population growth in the next century and transport lines make it possible to transport many more goods to the area in the near future.
The research focuses on how to improve the intermodal land bridge services for the container traffic in a short period of time? Following facts help to understand the "land bridge" issue which should probably be included in Europe's new strategy, based on an enhanced coordination of economic policies, in order to deliver more growth and jobs.
1. Why for time being such a small proportion only 1 percentage of total container traffic between Europe and Asia is transported by intermodal land bridge services? 2. How the container volume transported by intermodal land bridge services between Europe and Asia could be increased? 3. How to reach efficiency, cost reduction and time saving in the container traffic? 4. How to get the land bridge countries overcome political, economic and ideological differences and start to collaborate in order to achieve efficiency and cost reduction.
The study discusses these issues from different angles and suggests that Eurasian land bridge could become the straightest, fastest and most cost effective trade route between Europe and Asia". It has the required infrastructure to provide efficient land bridge services. It is obvious that the further development of Eurasian Land Bridge is fundamental for the Europe's economy since EU economy functions only if it concentrates on continuous progress in science and technology and has access to expanding Asian markets with prosperous customers (Helga Zepp-LaRoche, Schiller Institute U.S.A). EU' could probably consider to include the Land-Bridge issue in its strategy 2020. The construction of Eurasian Land Bridge could become the cornerstone of a global reconstruction of the world economy (Schiller Institute U.S.A). According to Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, – Trade Policy as a core component of the EU's 2020 strategy [COM(2010) 612 "Over the last two years, we (European countries)) have faced the world's worst economic crisis since the 1930s. This crisis has reversed much of the progress achieved since 2000. We are now facing excessive levels of debt, sluggish structural growth, and high unemployment. The economic situation is improving, but the recovery is still fragile. Restoring macroeconomic stability and returning public finances on a sustainable path are prerequisites for growth and jobs."
Presenting a "railway approach: the Witte System" which caused a "phenomenal upswing" in economy. The "system" based on extensive railroad construction which stimulated the growth of the metallurgical and fuel industries supplying rails and other equipment. In turn, the expansion of the heavy industries created favorable conditions for the growth of the light industries. Railway construction served as a flywheel for the entire economy. The "railway approach" created a demand to build a railway transit system between Europe and Asia, the Trans-Siberian Land-Bridge, which intended to produce more rapid and cheaper railway communication and become a global means of transit, on which the exchange of goods between West and East would have to flow
eveloped scheme bases on the "railway approach" the Witte System in Modern Business" it aims efficiency, cost reduction and time saving in the railway traffic between Europe and Asia. The main dilemma remains - the Land Bridge countries have to overcome political, economic and ideological differences and start to collaborate in order to achieve competitive logistical solutions. The working tool offered is intercultural communication, which is often referred to as the base for international business. Establishment of an international business platform to facilitate a dialogue between different countries and regions as well as professional groups: government officials, railway authorities, politicians, business circles, entrepreneurs etc. New business opportunities will arise when we are able to define common rules for modernization of railway lines and infrastructure on Eurasian Land-Bridge. This delivers more growth and jobs as it is presented in the "Europe 2020: a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
An idea called "the Eurasian Land Bridge conception", was initially presented in the 1860s by Henry C. Carey in U.S.A, the economist who was also a partner of President Abraham Lincoln. And, Carey proposed that the lessons of Europe and the United States in opening up the western lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific and then similarly in Europe, through railroad development corridors, be utilized throughout Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific and to the Indian Ocean, to accomplish similar results in Eurasia.
This policy, presented by Carey was adopted by important circles in Germany and was also spread into Russia, into China, and others (…) That is, the so-called "Land Bridge program" of certain French interests associated with Sadi Carnot, the President of France (…) with Gabriele Hanotaux, the Foreign Minister (…), with Count Sergei Witte of Russia (see the political genealogy) as well as with circles around the Chinese movement of Sun Yat-sen in China, (…) were all agreed on the development of railway development corridors. Not just railroad tracks: but railroad development corridors, such as (…) in the United States, in developing the western lands of the United States, through railway corridors; that that must be done throughout Asia. (The Schiller Institute, The Eurasian land bridge, Locomotive to world-development, speech transcript Feb. 5, 1997: World peace through World Development, with LaRouche's Eurasian Land Bridge Development Project Washington DC).
Sergei Witte wrote in 1902:
"Joining Europe and Asia by a continuous rail connection, that road becomes a global means of transit, on which the exchange of goods between West and East will have to flow. (…) with this great steam-propelled transit system producing more rapid and cheaper communication, and exchange of goods, enter into closer relations with Europe, a market, with a developed manufacturing culture, and thereby create a greater demand there for the raw materials of the East."
"Thanks to the Siberian Rail Road, (…) European know-how, and capital will find for itself an extensive new field of employment for the exploration and development of the natural riches of the Eastern nations." Count Sergei Witte
The Siberian railroad, was Sergei Witte's largest and most impressive project. As director of Railway Affairs in 1889 he was the first manager of the Siberian railroad construction project and was personally responsible for carrying out the enormously challenging undertaking. In 1901 the great venture had been accomplished according to the plan. It took ten and half years to build the longest railroad line in the world and establish the first rail connection between Europe and Asia 9112 km. taking the fastest train, one could now travel from Moscow to Vladivostok in thirteen days (von Laue U.S.A. 1969).
It was Sergei Witte who proposed that the last part of the Trans-Siberian Railroad should go straight through Manchuria, East Chinese Railroad 2400 km, thus bringing China into this Eurasian development. (The Schiller Institute, Bad Schwalbach Conference "How to Reconstruct a Bankrupt World", Helga Zepp-LaRouche, the Eurasian Land Bridge Concept, the Answer to the Strategic Crisis, 21-23.3.2003, Washington DC)
East Chinese Railroad was sort of a "New Silk Road" designed by Sergei Witte.
It was in 1990 when China linked its rail system to the Trans-Siberian via Kazakhstan and called its uninterrupted rail link between the Chinese port city of Lianyungang and Kazakhstan the New Eurasian Land Bridge OR THE SECOND EURASIAN LAND BRIDGE. The route includes China's east-west railways which, in addition to the Beijing line, are the Longhai Railway and the Lanxin railway… In 1995 the Chinese and Kazakhstan governments signed an agreement which allows the latter to use Lianyungang as its primary seaport for exports and imports. China intends for Lianyungang to serve as the designated starting point for the "New Silk Road" or the New Eurasian Land Bridge.
In 1896, the Eurasian Land Bridge conference in Beijing, defined the Eurasian Land Bridge as the strategic long-term policy for the Chinese government (The Schiller Institute 2003)
Today the term Eurasian Land Bridge is used to describe the rail transport route for moving freight and/or passengers overland from Pacific seaports in eastern Russia and mainland China to seaports in Europe. The route comprises the Trans-Siberian Railway the First Eurasian Land bridge, which runs through Russia (Northern East-West Corridor).
The New Eurasian Land Bridge or Second Eurasian Continental Bridge runs through Kazakhstan to China. During November 2007, about 1% of the $600 billion in goods shipped from Asia to Europe each year were delivered by inland transport routes.
And today? How is information about the EURASIAN LAND BRIDGE delivered? How is the media informing about this mega project? The answer is, not satisfactory. It is surprising how little information has been delivered about this "mega project" and few of us have ever heard or read anything about this project even though it has been for some time underway. Many countries as for example Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Turkey, India, Myanmar etc. are participating in this world wide land bridge project, which is clamed to be "a mega project of world historic importance. Although regular references on Eurasian Land Bridge project in different organ of the mainstream press are missing. Studying the subject some may ask are the Eurasian Land Bridge and the Asian Highway the same things?
What about international business? Which firms are working on Land Bridge or Trans-Asian Highway project? There should be more visible reference to the articles concerning this project in scientific journals or in the Economist. References on this project on the People's Republic of China are very few or missing. The situation is same on China's state news agencies. There shouldn't be any difficulties to find exact data on this mega project which has been claimed to have "world historic importance". It is obvious that there is lack of information concerning particularly Eurasian Land Bridge. More precise information is necessary and probably establishment of a website following the development of Eurasian land bridge should be desirable.
The Trans-Asian Railway consists of rail links between the countries of South and Southeast Asia and Central Asia
The Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) was initiated in the 1960s with the objective of providing a continuous 14,000-km rail line between Singapore and Istanbul (Turkey), with possible onward connections to Europe and Africa. The link offered the potential to greatly shorten the distances and reduce transit times between countries and regions, while being a catalyst for the notions of international transport as a tool to trade expansion, economic growth and cultural exchange. Given the extent of that territory covered, the differences in standards in the levels of technical development between railways in the region, ESCAP adopted a step-by-step approach in define the TAR network. http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/index.asp?MenuName=The
Structural reforms are essential for a strong and sustainable recovery and for preserving the sustainability of our social models. Jobs and social welfare are at stake. If we do not act Europe will lose ground. The European Council's responsibility is to show the way ahead. The EU needs a new strategy, based on an enhanced coordination of economic policies, in order to deliver more growth and jobs. "Europe 2020: is a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
The Commission presents the strategy which should enable the European Union (EU) to achieve growth that is:
Seen from today's perspective more effective use of international railway communication or intermodal land bridge services, could become the cornerstone of a global reconstruction of the world economy. (The Eurasian Land Bridge: The most important strategic question of today by Helga Zepp-LaRoche in speech transcript, Feb. 5, 1997, Schiller Institute Washington DC)
The Eurasian land bridge has the required infrastructure to provide efficient land bridge services for container traffic in trade between Europe and Asia.
1. Why for time being such a small proportion only 1 percentage of total container traffic between Europe and Asia is transported by railways or intermodal land bridge services?
2. How the container volume transported by railways or intermodal land bridge services between Europe and Asia could be increased?
3. How to reach efficiency, cost reduction and time saving in the railway container traffic?
4. How to get the land bridge countries overcome political, economic and ideological differences and start to collaborate in order to achieve efficiency, cost reduction and time saving?
-> which is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. As a separate notion, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Intercultural communication plays a role in anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies (see the picture below).
Intercultural communication is also referred to as the base for international businesses. There are several cross cultural service providers around who can assist with the development of intercultural communication skills. Intercultural communication principles guide the process of exchanging meaningful and unambiguous information across cultural boundaries, in a way that preserves mutual respect and minimizes antagonism. For these purposes, culture is a shared system of symbols, beliefs, attitudes, values, expectations, and norms of behavior. It refers to coherent groups of people whether resident wholly or partly within state territories, or existing without residence in any particular territory.
Self-criticism, avoidance of irritants and stress, more accurate assessment of the individual, tact, tolerance, adaption without sacrificing one's integrity, substantial study of our partner's culture, history and language – all these are resources to be drawn on when cultures collide
LINEAR-ACTIVE – Protestant Scandinavians, Catholic Swiss, black and white Americans, Semitic Israelis, and rich and poor Australians.
– people to be task oriented, highly organized planners, who complete actions chains by doing one thing at a time, preferably in accordance with a linear agenda. They prefer straight forward and direct discussions, depending on facts and figures they obtain from reliable, often printed or computer-based sources. Speech is for information exchange and conversations take turns talking and listening. Truthful rather than diplomatic, linear-active do not fear confrontation, adhering to logic, rather than emotions. They partly conceal feelings and value a certain amount of privacy. Results are key, as is moving forward quickly and compromising when necessary to achieve a deal.
Linear-active believe that good products make their own way and sometimes fail to see that sales are based on relationships in many parts of the world. They normally use official channels to pursue their aims and are usually not inclined to use connections, take shortcuts, or influence opinions through presents or undercover payments. Normally law-abiding, linear-actives have faith in rules and regulations to guide their conduct.
Their honor written contracts and do not unduly delay payment for goods or services received. When doing business, they are keen on punctual performance, quality, and reliable delivery dates. Mańana behavior and over loquacity are frowned upon. They are process oriented, brief on the telephone, and respond quickly to written communication. Status is gained through achievements, bosses are often low-key, and money is important. Rationalism and science dominate thinking more than religious does.
MULTI-ACTIVES – Latin's, Slavs, or Africans,
- are emotional, loquacious, and impulsive people; they attach great importance to family, feelings, relationships, and people in general. They set great store by compassion and human warmth. They like to do many things at the same time and poor followers of agendas. Conversation is roundabout and animated as everyone tires to speak and listen at the same time. No surprisingly, interruptions are frequent, pauses in conversation few. Multi-actives are uncomfortable with silence and can seldom tolerate it. In business, relationships and connections are seen as more important than products. The former pave the way for the sale of the latter. Relationships are best when they are face-to-face; they cannot be maintained over a protracted period simply by written correspondence or phone calls, although, the former has less effect with multi-actives than the latter. They much prefer to obtain their information directly from people and trade in rumor and gossip. Multi-actives show less respect than linear-actives do for official announcements, rules, or regulations. Although they have limited respect for authority in general, they nevertheless accept their place in their own social or company hierarchy. Strong bosses are admired and are also expected to protect their employees. Multi-actives are often late with delivery dates and paying for services or goods received. Less interested in schedules or deadlines than linear-actives are, multi-actives often move only when they are ready. Therefore, procrastination is common, punctuality infrequent. Multi-actives´ concepts of time and discourse are decidedly nonlinear, and they fail to understand the importance that timetables have for linear-active people. Multi-actives are flexible and frequently change their plans, which in themselves are not as detailed as those of linear-active. Improvisation and handling chaos are strong points. Multi-actives borrow and lend property rather freely. They are gregarious inquisitive, valuing privacy less than company. Often epicurean, they adhere less to strict Protestant values than linear-actives do. In business, they use charisma, rhetoric, manipulation, and negotiated truth. They are diplomatic and tactful and often circumvent laws and officialdom to take "shortcuts". They entertain lavishly and give presents or undercover payments to secure deals and contracts.
REACTIVES - or listeners, Chinese, Koreans, and Vietnamese are Confucian reactives, but quiet Finns have many reactive characteristics, and Swedes and the British often react thoughtfully and unhurriedly to proposals from more aggressive cultures.
They rarely initiate action of discussion, preferring to first listen to and establish the other's position, then react to it and formulate their own opinion. Reactives listen before they talk, leap, concentrating on what the speaker is saying and refusing to let their minds wander (difficult for Latin's). Rarely, if ever, do they interrupt a speaker a discourse /speech /presentation. When the speaker is finished they do not reply immediately but leave a decent period of silence after the speaker has stopped in order to show respect for the weight of the remarks, which must be considered unhurriedly and with due deference.
Even when representatives of a reactive culture begin their reply, they are unlikely to voice any strong opinion immediately. A more probable tactic is to ask further questions on what has been said in order to clarify the speaker's intent and aspirations.
The Japanese, particularly, go over each point in detail many times to make sure there are no misunderstandings. The Chinese take their time to assemble a variety of strategies to avoid discord with the initial proposal.
Reactives are introverts, distrustful of a surfeit of words and consequently are adept at nonverbal communication, which is achieved by subtle body languages. Reactions are worlds apart from the excitable gestures of Latin's and Africans. In reactive cultures the preferred mode of communication is monologue – pause – reflection – monologue. If possible, one lets the other side deliver his or her monologue first. In linear-active and multi-active cultures, the communication mode is a dialogue. The person speaking may be interrupted by frequent comments, even questions, which signify polite interest in what is being said. As soon as the speaker pauses, someone else takes his or her turn immediately.
Many Westerners have an extremely weak tolerance for silence. Reactive not only tolerate silence well but regard it as very meaningful, almost refined, part of discourse. The opinion of the other party are not to be taken lightly, or dismissed with a snappy or flippant retort. Clever, well-formulated argument require – deserve – lengthy silent consideration. The American, having delivered a sales pitch, leans forward and says, well, what do you think?" If a reactive is asked for an opinion, he or she begins to think – in silence. The reactive "reply-monologue" is context centered and will presume a considerable amount of knowledge on the part of the listener (who, after all, probably spoke first). Because the listener is presumed to be knowledgeable. Japanese, Chinese, or Finnish interlocutors will often be satisfied with expressing their thoughts in half-utterance, indicating that the listener can fill in the rest. It is a kind of compliment. Reactives not only rely on utterances and partial statements to further the conversation, but they also indulge in other habits hat confuse the linear-active or multi-active. They use, for instance, a "roundabout" style, with impersonal verbs (one is leaving) or the passive voice (one of the machines seems to have been tampered with), either to deflect blame or with the general aim of politeness. As reactive cultures tend to use names less frequently than multi-active or linear-active ones do, the impersonal, vague nature of the discussion is further accentuated. Lack of eye contact, so typical of the reactive, does not help the situation. A Finn or a Japanese embarrassed by another's stare, seeks eye contact only at the beginning of the discussion or when he wishes to signal the interlocutor to take up her turn in the conversation. Smalltalk does not come easily to reactives. While the Japanese and Chinese trot out well-tried formalisms to indicate courtesy, they tend to regard questions such as "Well, how goes it?" as a literal request for information and may take the opportunity to voice a complaint. On other occasions their overlong pauses or slow visible reactions cause nonreactives to think they are slowwitted or have nothing to say. It is always important to bear in mind that the actual content of the response delivered by a reactive represents only a small part of the significance surrounding the event. Context-oriented utterances inevitably attach less important to what is said than to how something is said, who said it, and what is behind what is said. What is not said may be the main thrust of the reply. Self-disparagement is another tactic of reactives; it eliminates the possibility of offending others. Such humility may draw the other person into praising one's conduct or decisions. Linear-actives and multi-actives must be aware of presuming that self-disparagement is connected with a weak position. Richard D. Lewis: "The Cultural Imperative Global Trends in the 21st Century 2007 ISBN 13: 978-1-931930-35-2
- The inhabitants of any country possess certain core beliefs and assumptions of reality which will manifest themselves in their behavior. People in different cultures share basic concepts but view them from different angles and perspectives, leading them to behave in a manner which we may consider irrational or even in direct contradiction of what we hold sacred.
- By focusing on the cultural roots of national behavior, both in society and business we can foresee and calculate with a surprisingly degree of accuracy how others will react to our plans for them, and we can make certain assumptions as to how they will approach us.
- A working knowledge of the basic traits of other cultures as well as our own will minimize unpleasant surprises - culture shock - give us insights in advance, and enable us to interact successfully with nationalities with whom we previously had difficulty.
- to acquire an orientation that enables us to set off in a certain direction to lessen the communication gap between ourselves and our partner. All of us are wrapped up in prejudice – subject to a natural dynamic of bias. We cannot proceed to an evaluation or judgment of another without starting with an acute sharpening of our own self-awareness. (…) (Richard D. Lewis: When Cultures Collide, London 1996) (Richard D. Lewis: The Cultural Imperative Global Trends 2007)).
What is a cultural habitat? It is kind of "room" or "house" put together by a cultural group inside which one holds a plethora of beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions. Within those walls one behaves in a prescribed manner. By entering into that habitat, by following the "house rules" and sharing its assumptions during one's stay there, the "visitor" can eliminate the phenomenon of cultural shock.
Why do people in the "house" behave as they do? To begin with, they are not free agents. They are restrained by attitudes inherited from origins long forgotten. The mind is a refuge for ideas dating from many centuries ago. One pays attention not only to the guidance of the family and peers, but also to the experiences of previous, more distant generations as passed on by culture. One should not underestimate the influence of that part of the past that is still alive in people's minds today. The momentum of two thousand years is not easily stopped.
Shared mindset bashing is only one strategy for creating empathy and is only appropriate when a dominant player risks being accused of cultural imperialism. A surer entrée is gained by having a sound knowledge of the house rules and – even more important – by not misreading them. (…) Your cultural stance will have to change rapidly and drastically when (…) the house is entered by German or Japanese one. Chameleon-like behavior will be required. There is nothing immoral about this. You will retain your core beliefs and values. You are simply having new guests (…) and you are obeying their rules, which you have taken the trouble to learn. Thereby you gain not only their respect, but their liking. To make people like you should be one of the primary objectives of your approach to international business. It my well be that the American will do business with anyone who buys and sells good products, but Asians, Latin's, Arabs, and Africans do business with people they like. Four-fifths of humanity put relationship before product. Linear-active cultures often have difficulty remembering this.
In the world of rapidly globalizing business, electronic proximity, and political-economic associations, the ability to interact successfully with foreign partners in the spheres of commercial activity, diplomatic intercourse, and scientific interchange is seen as increasingly essential and desirable. Cross-cultural training followed by international experience goes a long way toward facilitating better relationships and reducing misunderstanding. Ideally, the trainee acquires deepening insight into the target (partner's) culture and adopts a cultural stance toward partner/colleague (through adaption) to fit suitably with the attitudes of the other.

subset: commoncrawl


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As the mom of 2 Millennials, I think often of the financial challenges my daughters face. Millennials have a lot of unique challenges, including a soft economy with no end in sight. Entry-level jobs are also of much lower quality today. It's more likely that a recent graduate will be forced to endure a minimum wage internship than start at a healthy salary. It's not an easy time to be a young adult.
If you're aware of the potential challenges, you can work hard to make sure they don't affect your financial future!
1. A lack of preparation for financial emergencies.
Everyone needs an emergency fund. While the lack of an emergency fund is common within every age group, millennials are especially likely to not have any money set aside for emergencies. Strive to set aside 3-6 months of living expenses and you'll be prepared for most financial emergencies.
2. Failing to take advantage of 401(k) matching.
If your employer offers 401(k) matching, take advantage of it. Not only will your money work for you, but your employer is giving you the same amount as what you're investing. Considering future growth, your employer could be handing you a fortune – for free!
3. Becoming a homeowner.
The rate of homeownership by younger adults continues to decline with each passing year. Before signing that expensive lease in the fancy apartment complex, think about the future. Downsizing today can mean homeownership in the future.
4. Becoming debt-free.
Younger adults have more issues with debt than any other generation. The high cost of a college education and medical care are two of the primary culprits. An irresponsible use of credit cards plagues every age group. It's easy to accumulate debt quickly.
Eliminating debt can take years. Make a plan to deal aggressively with your debt. Get started today for a brighter tomorrow.
5. A failure to plan ahead.
Your 20's and 30's are an expensive time. This is when most young adults get married, go on a honeymoon, and have children.
Few can accommodate these expenses without a significant amount of planning and preparation. Avoid waiting until the last minute to prepare for your upcoming expenses.
6. Not choosing a college major with employment in mind.
College has never been more expensive. While majoring in art history or the trombone might sound intriguing, there are few employment opportunities within these fields. Consider the future when planning your college years.
7. A lack of health insurance.
You may be at the healthiest point in your life, but serious illnesses and accidents can happen to anyone. It may be expensive, but health insurance is necessary. Even a plan with a high deductible is better than nothing and will protect your wallet from a major health issue.
8. A failure to save for retirement.
It's common to think that you'll have plenty of time in the future to save for retirement. All those 65+ year olds you see working in fast food and retail thought the same thing.
Get in the saving habit early in your career. Over time, your investments will grow to fund an enjoyable retirement. Start early enough and you might be able to retire years early, too!
9. Failing to create and follow a budget.
Whether you earn minimum wage or $1 million per year, you need a budget. A budget is a great way to limit your spending and make yourself aware of your financial situation on a monthly basis.
10. A lack of education.
It's amazing how many millenials lack financial know-how! If you're not financially savvy, I highly recommend reading The Total Money Makeover or taking Financial Peace University.
Millennials face many financial hurdles that grow taller each year. Now is the time to create a budget, plan for the future, and embrace a little austerity. Suffering a little today can result in a bright future. Taking it easy today ensures a challenging future. The choice is yours.
Do you have suggestions to help Millennials


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Superb company investment
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Surefire fans
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This, if one remains in favour to purchase Facebook suches as, buy Twitter fans and also YouTube sights, they can expect much better business promo results worldwide. One might have their brand in reachof the possible audience.
How to get even more Facebook likes is the top concern that has actually led many marketing experts are today to turn to social websites like twitter and Facebook. One method to obtain web traffic to your web site by having a Facebook web page for you company with links back to your site, and also after that getting as lots of individuals as feasible to like the web page. The more Facebook likes you have the more people will certainly learn more about regarding your product and solutions. The very same applies to twitter where the more individuals are following your fan page the even more promotion you are bound to obtain.
One means to obtain lots of people to like your web page is to acquire Facebook followers. There are countless websites around that will be prepared to offer to you Facebook suches as. You must however budget carefully as well as identify simply just how much cash you are eager to invest in these likes. See to it you make use of a respectable as well as reputable company to prevent spending money on illegal provider that are significantly typical in the internet. Getting good company will most likely cost you much more but it is worth the problem.
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There are some much more reliable but simple means of getting Facebook likes like advertising the web page amongst your personal good friends. You most likely have actually not understood just the number of sorts you could manage just recommending the page to your currently existing fun base. All you need to do is click on the switch called recommend to pals and also you will certainly be amazed merely the number of Facebook likes you will certainly get in no time.
Finally, the various other method to obtain many Facebook fans is by being effective on Facebook. People will certainly see your web page if you publish effective memorable write-ups on your web page. Numerous twitter followers will such as something questionable, not boring write-ups. If your web page has a powerful title then you are bound to obtain more Facebook likes.


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Tim Allen's 'Last Man Standing' returns this time on Fox's fall schedule
Stephen Battaglio
By Stephen Battaglio
May 14, 2018 | 7:30 AM
"The Fox network made its bones more than 30 years ago by putting on bold, edgy programs that targeted a young audience.
But the face of the "new Fox" is 64-year-old TV and movie star Tim Allen.
The network's schedule, announced Monday, is its first since parent company 21st Century Fox announced that it would sell its TV and movie production assets to the Walt Disney Co. If the deal goes through, the Fox network will be more dependent on sports, news and live-event programming.
Allen's last sitcom, "Last Man Standing," which ran for six seasons on ABC but was dropped last year, is returning on Fox this fall, a head-turning choice in the 2018-19 TV schedule. The series is owned by 21st Century Fox's TV studio, which has successfully sold the show to broadcast and cable channels."


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Carol is a native New Yorker who grew up in the City, then moved to Long Island and later to Maryland. In 1965 she enrolled as a freshman at Wellesley College and later majored in economics. During her college years, Carol's father accepted an engineering job in Massachusetts so her parents moved to Wellesley Hills, only a few miles from the college. Then, in her junior year, a mutual friend introduced Carol to Edward Perry who was writing training manuals for the Navy and trying to build a radio station in the nearby town of Natick. Edward and Carol got along so well that after her college graduation, Carol's mother suggested her daughter enroll in a Masters Degree Program at the University of Michigan nearly 1,000 miles from Natick. But despite the distance, Carol and Edward stayed in touch and in 1973 they were married.
Carol's first job as an economist involved siting new branches for Shawmut Bank. She later joined Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Massachusetts and remained there for 24 years. In 1994 Carol left Blue Cross to begin work in the WATD sales department where she now handles a number of accounts and helps with traffic and billing.


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Into the Annals of Poor Writing on South Asia
I think we have another entry into the annals of really bad writing on South Asia. This entry comes from perennial favorite, our friends over at Condé Nast Traveler.
Those of you who have been to the region understand my initial surprise when I received my June 2005 issue to see on the cover a piece entitled Driving India. I mean, there is a reason that Hertz and Avis car rental companies aren't on every corner (I believe there are 16 Hertz locations for the entire country of over a billion people). Ever wonder why no ingenious Indian business person hadn't created the rupee car rental company? Perhaps because it isn't safe for those unfamiliar with the country/roads to drive there. Like any good desi, I immediately flip to the story entitled "Accelerating Mayhem," and began reading to see how crazy the writer, Stephan Wilkinson must be to take on the Indian roads. Instead I was left wondering how his article got published.
Well as soon as I flipped to page 92, I began to see the signs, not so much that he is crazy, but for bad and clichéd writing on the region. What are these warning signs you ask? Let's have a looksee:
1. Required discussion of arranged marriage, check. I have no idea what this has to do with a travelogue or driving India, but yes, people in India have arranged marriages. It has been written about, TMBWITW Aishwarya has explained it, and some (gasp) even prefer it.
2. The requisite mention of the "Indian head shake," check. To be fair, Wilkinson describes it as "a vague cock of the head." Furthermore, I think we should formally rename it here as the South Asian head shake because I know they do it in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka as well.
3. Use of the word "the" before mentioning the state of Punjab, check. I never understood how this trend started, to say "the Punjab." Writing, "From Delhi through the Punjab" is the equivalent of saying from Washington D.C. through the Pennsylvania…
4. Requisite comparison of India's roads and driving conditions to a video game, check. The driving conditions suck, but there has to be a better, less clichéd way to describe the roads. And I have seen better game comparisons—he uses automotive tetris.
5. Inclusion of caste, check. Wilkinson notes, "What would get him [a driver] pistol-whipped in Chicago or Manhattan occasions not so much as a rude gesture in caste-docile India." First, I am not too sure that this guy has had the full driving experience in India if he thinks that Indians don't suffer road rage. Perhaps he didn't understand when the 25 people he cut off each screamed ben/mather chod or any other of the various other Hindi/Punjabi expletives at him. Second, not too sure how the caste reference works in this instance, even if he is convinced that Indian drivers are a bit more polite than American drivers. Does he actually think it is because of the caste system that drivers are polite?
6. Requisite play on Indian name, check. Well this one is kind of funny, bad writing, but funny. Yes its use merits placement in the annals of bad writing on South Asia, but I chuckled slightly when I read of Wilkinson's Indian driver's fate with traffic. He writes, "South of Chandigarh, we come to an enormous traffic jam to which even Surender surrenders."
At this point, I have begun to see fault in the little things in the article as well, and am wondering how this article got past Condé Nast editors and into print. We learn on day two that Shimla was the former summer capital of India and that it is "so far off the tourist map that an Indian family stops us to pose for snapshots." That Indian people are stopping you to take a picture is not a good indicator of how touristy a place is. Shimla was once the capital of the British Raj and has been a stalwart on the Indian tourist map for ever. When I was there, foreigners were all over the place, and I remember being bombarded upon at the entrance of town by almost as many touts as at the Taj or in Jaipur.
7. And finally, the obligatory mention of a holy cow, check. Yes they are on the road, we know this. I think if people know little of India, they know of the Taj Majal and that cows are everywhere. This was last on my liste because cows, along with a plethora of other animals are indeed on the road and part of the driving experience. At the same time, the holy cow thing has been done over, and over again.
So if any of you out there ever have to write an article on South Asia and are looking for a little help, I would avoid Wilkinson and Condé Nast, and start off here, at the SAJA style book instead.


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These are the seat matrix for 2019 and before, its expected to remain same, keep checking mycampusnotes.com or ggsipu site periodically for any changes in seat ranking.
Anugoonj is the annual festival of the entire GGSIPU where students of all the colleges of university can participate and make it a very enjoyable
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Joss'd Episode #023 – Toy Story Edition
Xander: "Do you think she's gonna be okay in here?"
Cordelia: "I don't know. Lysette got her nose done here, and she came in
looking for the Gwyneth Paltrow, and it looked more like the Mr. Potato Head."
Willow: "Buffy's not in here for cosmetic surgery."
Cordelia: "No, but while she's in here, she might as well get that thing done.
You know, that thing on her face? You know that thing."
Willow: "Do you think Angel will attack Buffy in here?"
Xander: "He can come in. It's a public building."
Willow: "That's true."
Cordelia: "Am I the only one that's noticed that thing?"
Character of the Episode:
Rex on Wiki
Wallace Shawn
Rex on IMDB
Toy Box:
Green Army Men
Slinky Dog
Mr. Potato Head
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


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The Bloody
I have
watched the mighty wizards rise and fall like the tides. For a thousand years I
have walked the corridors of the castle I helped build. They come and go, the
children, and the castle shelters them and teaches them. They come here to
learn, they come here to fight, and they come here to die.
And still I
I doubt
that any of them know me for myself. The Bloody Baron, they whisper,
and scurry by on the other side. I am a ghost, insubstantial, less than
nothing. I am my memories. I am a thousand years of history.
I keep away
from the main part of the castle most of the time. There are too many memories
to be found there. In the great hall, I see Godric
pushing his hair out of his eyes as he stands on a ladder, creating a painting
that would last for centuries, ever changing and yet still the same painting.
Rowena discusses magical philosophy with a group of her Ravenclaws
in the library. Helga runs up and down the corridors,
her hat slightly askew and her hair a mess, searching for a misplaced tool.
Around every corner another memory lingers.
Not all
ghosts are visible.
I lived in
my cellars, my cold, dark dungeons. I created my spells and charms I was once
a master of charms and I was silent. The last of the Hogwarts
Four. The Parselmouth. The Dark wizard who planned to
dominate the world.
I never
bothered to correct them. True, I practised the Dark Arts, but I had no
ambitions to be any kind of Dark Lord. Dark Lords are too easily unseated, and
beneath every one are half a dozen ambitious underlings. The correct method of
promotion in Dark circles is to step into your superiors shoes, having
previously emptied them of their occupant.
No, I
practised the Dark Arts because I wished to understand them. There are far
better ways of achieving immortality. I wished to be remembered as the greatest
of them all the most powerful wizard of all time.
Give me charms to play with, and from them I will build new charms
that will make strong men tremble.
Avada Kedavra, for example. That was one of mine. A
masterpiece, I always thought quick, clean, and painless. I advocated its use on criminals. Perhaps you
disagree, but I always felt that nothing any Dark Lord has done compares to the
imprisoning of petty criminals in a building full of ravenous Dementors. Then, there was the added benefit that only a
wizard of very great power could perform it, so those capable of casting the
curse could always be kept under strict control. Alas, it has been greatly
Avada Kedavra was the beginning of the argument, if a
beginning has to be chosen. Godric had never liked
me. He disagreed with my views on Mudbloods. I merely
pointed out the essential stupidity of making it known to Muggles, who had grown up without any education in proper magical
etiquette, that Hogwarts existed. Far more sensible
to simply keep a watch on them, and if necessary remove them. Muggles, I have
found, are rather similar to dogs. They may appear intelligent, but they have a
tendency to make mistakes at crucial moments. To let loose one with mixed blood
on the world is as bad as releasing a rabid dog in a hospital. I could name
several people of mixed blood who committed truly horrendous crimes Elizabeth
the First of England, for example, who created storms that sank an entire fleet
of ships with their crews when the Spanish Armada invaded Britain.
of course, was a sentimental fool about all this. He thought that if a wizard
had any pure blood it would somehow nullify the Muggle taint. Current thinking, of course, states that
he didnt care about the taint, which only proves that people rewrite history
for their own consumption. Godric was a noble, and
very class-conscious. I will not tell you some of the things he did to Muggles
who strayed on to the Hogwarts grounds in the early days. Everyone needs their
But then, Godric was a sentimental fool about many things. He
disliked Avada Kedavra
because it gave people too much power. Instant, unstoppable death was this
in any way worse than the Mortis Cruciatus,
the Councils favourite method of execution at the time? You died slowly and painfully, and most
Councillors combined it with a Wakefulness Charm, which meant that you were
unable to lose consciousness even when the pain reached horrendous levels.
It is odd
how many things have been done in the name of good, which even the most
depraved of Dark Lords would balk at.
accused me of crimes too numerous to write here. He blamed me for everything
that went wrong in the school. The fool could not see that sheer bluster and
bellowing could not replace actual wisdom when attempting to co-ordinate so
many young people.
quarrels disturbed Helga and Rowena. Rowena dealt
with it in the manner of all the
well-born, by not dealing with it; she went and hid in the library. Helga tried and failed to be a peacemaker. It was
because of Helga that Godric
and I agreed to keep our quarrels secret. Neither of us wanted to hurt her. Godric was in love with her. You might say that I was too,
in a way. Helga was a very rare person.
So we
agreed to fight it out-one final duel on All Hallows Eve, in the Hogwarts Forest. I suspected that Godric
had some foul play planned before the duel began, so I created a legacy, in
case any should ever come to Hogwarts fit to continue
my work. I filled a room, accessible only to a Parselmouth,
with all my scrolls, books and equipment, and set a Basilisk to guard it.
Perhaps this was a little extreme, but some of my work could be extremely dangerous
in the wrong hands. I also sent an owl to my eldest son, carrying a scroll with
the password to my Chamber of Secrets on it. Sigmund, alas, was not a Parselmouth, but he would pass the secret down and
eventually someone worthy of the title of my heir would find it.
much later I realised how stupid I had been to let anyone at all know the
secret. Better by far that all my work had perished with me.
I dressed
in hooded robes that would hide my face and stop Godric
from learning anything about my next move that way. When I entered the clearing
at the heart of the Forest, Godric was waiting for
me. He had gone for the grand look, in ridiculous golden plate armour and a red
velvet cloak. Pointless. There were only the trees to see.
We did not
bother with any of the conventions of duelling this was no game. We did not
use childrens curses either. We used Dark curses, which I shall not describe
here. Many of them have now been forgotten, and it would be better if it
remained that way.
and I were evenly matched. He had more raw power than I, but he never bothered
with the finesse that would have given him a quick victory. I had studied far
more than he had and knew and knew a great many more curses, and far more
defensive charms. Godric always relied on the sheer
muscle of his attacks to protect himself, never bothering with shields.
continued to fire curses at one another for several hours. I thought I was
winning. Godric was beginning to use less power. He
seemed demoralised and without any kind of strategy. Eventually, I managed to
disarm him and bring him to his knees.
We had
agreed on a fight to the death. I stepped forward to cast Avada
Kedavra. I remember that his golden plate armour
shone in the light from the end of my wand. I hesitated before I killed him.
without warning, he jumped to his feet and barrelled into me. He was a great
deal bigger than I, so I was unable to defend myself, and too shocked to use my
wand. As I regained my sense and began to speak the words of the Killing Curse,
he grabbed his wand from my hand and performed a single charm, the simplest.
Accio unicorn!
I remember
a huge white shape that glimmered in the moonlight coming pounding through the
trees and skidding to a halt in front of me. I remember finishing saying the
curse and watching in horror as the green light sped towards the beautiful
To kill a
unicorn is to destroy purity. To kill a unicorn is to destroy yourself.
smiled at me as he raised his wand and said the words, Mortis Crucio.
I collapsed
against the side of the unicorn I had killed, and watched as my blood spread
out over the glorious white body in dark red puddles and soaked into my robes.
The pain was unbearable. I felt as though my blood had turned to hot lead
inside my veins. Godrics smile seemed to be coming
from a great distance, through a thick mist.
When I
woke, still in my bloodstained robes, I watched from the shadows as Godric told Helga and Rowena that
I had fled the country.
And here I
have remained.
A thousand
years have passed as I watched from the sidelines. In a way, I have achieved a
kind of immortality. It is the immortality of death. The students come, the
students go, and I am still here. The history of these stones is my history.
I am the
Bloody Baron the nameless ghost of the Slytherin Dungeons.
But once, I
was Salazar Slytherin.


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Okay, I finally had time to watch the last four episodes of Season 6 (they were lying touched in my DVR until now) and I can only say... wow!Spoiler: Click to Show/HideEpisode 9 just kicked ass when it came to epicness (even with problems with the battle tactics). I loved the Winterfell battle, as well as the Slavers' Bay battle (and how awesome was Tyrion with his "There was a misunderstanding... we came to discuss the terms of *your* surrender"?). And Ramsay's fate... yesssssss. He so had it coming!Episode 10 was very good, too. Cersei just blowing up everyone... oh crap. And that ending, setting up the final conflict: A King in the North vs A Queen in the South vs A Queen From The East. Verrrry cool.One thing I'm not sure I like is Jon being Rhaeger's son. I liked him better a simple bastard Ned fathered on a side... he was the story's everyman.BTW. I wonder how this particular revelation will play out in the books, where we also have Young Griff?BTW2. I see that everyone is worrying about Sansa's glance at Littlefinger. Personally, I didn't interpret it as her planning betrayal... more of her worrying about the coming betrayal by Littlefinger. Baelish cannot be a king of the Seven Kingdoms with Jon ruling the North, can he? So, I bet he is planning something... and Sansa knows him enough to realize that.Overall, this season was deeply satisfying. Even though I'd really prefer to read all of this in a book form first... (Martin!!! *shakes fist*)
Spoiler: Click to Show/HideThe books have long hinted at the whole R+L=J. GRRM even stated that one of the fan theories was correct (that being the R+L=J theory). As it stands right now in the books, young Griff hasn't been proven to truly be a Targaryan. And even if he IS one, there has to be three and that would make three. (Assuming that Tyrion is not actually the son of the Mad King and Tywin's wife - which is also a theory... one that has some possibility since the Complete History of Westeros does have quite a bit the Mad King having a thing for Tywin's wife and the fact that Tywin took her away from King's Landing, never to let her return - this was, if my memory serves me right, right before her pregnancy with Tyrion.)
Spoiler: Click to Show/HideOut of curiosity, where was it hinted that Jon might be a Targaryen? I totally missed that...On completely another note, what did you guys think of Septa Unella's fate? For me, it was really creepy... although I was kind of disappointed by the revelation that Gregor Clegane was simply a pale-faced zombie. It was... kind of obvious. I actually expected him to be something more disgusting, like headless corpse or something like that...
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Lucky Romance Episode 10 Kwoncap
Dating isn't always easy, but Soo Ho kept exploring that field in his own quirky way that appeared to be quite straightforward and meaningful. Bo Nui's growing emotions had reached a crossroad, she should either consider dating a luxury or something she should embrace. In the meantime, Gary and Amy
Lucky Romance Episode 9 Kwoncap
Soo Ho is as pure as snow and he treasures each and every second of falling in love. Bo Nui still believes that she's a bad luck satellite, but she steadily starts re-embracing the joys of life. Along with them, the first sparks have started glimmering in the dark and
Lucky Romance Episode 8 Kwoncap
Soo Ho opened up his gates to welcome his feelings to a wider extent even though he kept trying to deny it in his own quirky way, but he couldn't really hide it. Bo Nui's talisman and Soo Ho's lucky charm have yet to meet on one of love's gracious
Lucky Romance Episode 7 Kwoncap
When the absurd substitutes logic, hope can become a dangerous illusion. Even when it comes to faith, one should embrace it in healthy ways.
Lucky Romance Episode 6 Kwoncap
Blinded by her quest, Bo Nui kept neglecting the dangers that were surrounding her while she was in search of an alternative tiger. However, a guardian angel was always watching over his lucky charm.
Lucky Romance Episode 5 Kwoncap
One way or another, Bo Nui sets hearts aflame. She had already conquered Gary's heart, but at the same time she steadily awakens Soo Ho's feelings. Tigers, roosters and raccoons are forming their own emotional jungle and things have started becoming more complicated!
Lucky Romance Episode 4 Kwoncap
Lucky Romance strengthens its humorous moments and fragile characteristics even more with every passing episode. There's a golden balance between both sides of the same coin while the past keeps breathing at the present that steadily shapes our characters' future.
Lucky Romance Episode 3 Kwoncap
Revelations, complications and tons of humor were the ingredients of the third episode's recipe. The raccoon has shown its teeth inside the tiger's den and the cyber tiger will have to start programming his next moves.
Lucky Romance Episode 2 Kwoncap
It's all because the bunny, the raccoon, the cleaning lady and the drunk girl are the same unlucky person and it's tiger hunting season! Truth or dare? Time shall tell!
Moorim School Episode 15 Recap
Gradually, all the secrets get revealed and we find ourselves just one step before a family's reunion after everything its members had to go through. However, the hunt for the Chintamani isn't over and Soon Deok will find herself in the eye of the storm. The camps are being formed


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REDstack's goal is to develop and commercialize the reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology. RED is a form of sustainable energy generation, where the fuel is fresh and salt water. Places were rivers empty into the sea are the most suitable locations for the application of RED due to the natural abundance of both feed waters. A fraction of the fresh water is combined with sea water in a membrane pile, or RED stack, to which the company also owes its name: REDstack. Salt and fresh water are mixed in a controlled manner by which electricity can be generated. The resulting brackish water mixture is then returned to the sea and the generated electricity is distributed through the grid. We are calling this Blue Energy: a completely sustainable source of electricity.
W & F Technologies BV
W & F Technologies BV develops and produces special electrodes for the electrochemical industry and for water treatment systems. They also produce the electrodes that are used in the stacks produced by REDstack.
A.Hak Blue Energy BV
A.Hak specializes in laying cable- and piping-systems, and the transportation of fluid and gas through pipes and electricity, and electricity and data through cables. You are certain to come in contact with A.Hak with any critically important civil engineering project: for example, tunnels under rivers, canals, and highways. It is also no wonder that the piping bridge was installed by A.Hak.
Alliander Participates BV
Alliander is a big player in the Dutch energy market. Alliander specializes in complex energy grid and installations.
REDstack originated as a spin-off company of the water technology institute Wetsus. The 'Blue Energy' research theme began at Wetsus in 2005, with the aim of generating energy from salt and fresh water. It soon became clear that there was a promising development, and it was decided by the research theme participants to establish REDstack. After nearly ten years of preparation, a pilot installation was built in Breezanddijk, the Netherlands, on the Afsluitdijk in 2014. The stacks that are operated by REDstack at the Afsluitdijk pilot facility are filled with membranes produced by FUJIFILM, based in Tilburg, the Netherlands. Stack and membrane development is still an active and ongoing process between the two project partners. REDstack designs and produces the RED stacks used at the facility, optimizes the process operation, and takes responsibility of future RED commercialization. FUJIFILM takes responsibility for research, development, and production of the membranes used in the RED stacks.
A revolutionary method produces directly green H2, without any CO2 production and with very low environmental impact.


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- The single most important step you can take toward curing halitosis is almost always just cleaning your tongue more thoroughly. This page explains why and how.
Any person trying to improve the quality of their breath should always start off by establishing a regimen of thorough tongue cleaning (either brushing or scraping). In most cases, it's likely that this will be the only cure that's needed. If not, it at least makes a giant first step. Here's why.
(Danser 2003) [page references]
That means in roughly 68% of cases, thorough tongue cleaning should either cure or at least have a significant effect toward resolving a person's bad breath.
And in fact, that's precisely what a historic study by Tonzetich (1976) found. The average reduction in oral malodor after tongue cleaning (brushing in this case) was 59 to 88%. (Danser 2003)
[If you're looking for more research evidence that backs up the importance of cleansing your tongue as a cure for halitosis, read the contents of the box located at the other end of this link.]
Dentists use the Winkel Tongue Coating Index to document the amount of debris that's present.
By scrapping or scrubbing the dorsal surface of your tongue (meaning its top side, the side you can see), you're ridding it of what's probably the largest refuge of odor producing bacteria in your mouth, along with the nutrients they feed on. (Some researchers think that it's the latter of these two functions that's the more important one. [Slot 2015])
This is especially true when cleaning its rear-most portion. Remember the breath tests we outlined at the beginning of this topic?
If you did them, you probably found out that the tip portion (anterior part) of your tongue smelled a whole lot better than the back (posterior region). There's a simple explanation for this.
The tip part of your tongue is relatively self-cleansing and therefore unlikely to harbor large numbers of odor producing bacteria.
Many tongue functions (swallowing, speaking) place it in firm contact with your hard palate. This friction creates a cleansing action that prevents any significant build up of bacteria and debris on it.
Debris accumulation on the back part of the dorsum of the tongue is usually what causes bad breath.
In comparison, the back part of your tongue only touches (at most) your soft palate. And any contact that does take place is relatively gentle.
As a result, your tongue movements don't create enough friction to result in any significant cleansing. Debris, including the bacteria that cause bad breath, will tend to build up in this region.
This is why cleaning your tongue in general, and the back part specifically, can be so effective in curing bad breath.
This accumulation is easy enough to see. Just stick your tongue out and look for the white, or even brownish, film on its surface. Like we show in our illustrations, it's usually triangular in shape with its broadest aspect covering across the back part of your tongue.
It can't be said enough. For most of us, bad breath is caused by the debris that builds up on the back part of our tongue. And if you're not cleaning it off, you won't cure your problems.
When cleaning your tongue, you have two options. You can either brush it or scrape it.
Whichever method you choose, the goals and results of your efforts are exactly the same. Here's what you need to know.
For the most part, you should direct the bulk of your efforts toward cleaning the back portion of your tongue. That's because that's where the majority of the film that causes bad breath lies.
But don't reach too far back. You just need to clean the smooth top surface of your tongue (back to about where its main groove in the middle ends). Don't scrape or brush the mounds of tonsillar tissue positioned even further back and off to the sides.
The most common cause of bad breath is debris accumulation on the tongue.
It's possible to be too rough when cleaning, to the point where you may cause irritation or even bleeding. Doing so should always be avoided.
As a plan, be gentle and use low force. Focus on cleaning in the center region of your tongue, as opposed to its lateral borders (side areas) where the risk of creating traumatic injury is greater.
For all practical purposes, it probably doesn't make a whole lot of difference which technique you use. However, the type of tool that you use may. Here's what we found out.
Tongue "cleaners" are tools whose design combines aspects of a brush (having either bristles or nubs) and a scraper (as seen in this picture below).
From reading these papers, it would be our conjecture that:
We think it's important to say that we wouldn't be unduly swayed by the above information.
If there's a technique that you find preferable (more convenient to do, makes you gag less, etc...), and thus using that method will make it more likely that you will take the extra step of cleaning your tongue, then it probably makes the best choice.
We should state that a paper by Yaegaki (2000) which described the treatment of halitosis did not recommend the use of tongue scrapers or even "adult" toothbrushes. This opinion was based on two papers (Kameyama 1969 and Odajima 1979) that reported that mechanical stimulation enhanced the chances of tongue cancer in laboratory animals.
We are unaware of more recent findings on this subject. We'd expect that the level of risk would be greatest for those who are overzealous in their cleaning activities. When you brush or scrape, just keep in mind that it doesn't take a lot of pressure to break up your tongue's coating.
To experiment with brushing your tongue, you don't have to buy anything special to get started. You can just use your regular toothbrush.
Then, if you decide that this does make the right choice for you, shop around and take a look at the specialty brushes sold. Generally speaking, you can expect them to do a more effective job.
You may be able to improve the effectiveness of your technique by using toothpaste or dipping your brush in mouthwash. (Just brushing is the really important step, the use of a product much less so.)
In general, products containing the following types of compounds should make a comparatively more effective choice. (This page provides more detailed information about their use.)
It's the stinky volatile sulfur compounds (VSC's) produced by anaerobic bacteria that actually cause bad breath. Products that contain VSC-neutralizing agents, such as chlorine dioxide or zinc, therefore can be useful.
Related pages:
There are two types of tools you can use with this technique, either a scraper or a cleaner.
In its simplest form, a scraper could just be an inverted spoon (see picture below). Or you might choose to use one of the specially designed products sold.
As pluses of using this type of tool, you get the satisfaction of clearly seeing the gunk that's come off your tongue. And you may find that you have less of a tendency to gag when using one.
As disadvantages, scrapers tend to just clean the surface of your tongue, as opposed to down in grooves and furrows like possibly bristles can. And you may be more likely to create tissue trauma when using one, at least until you get the hang of using it.
A tongue "cleaner."
Tongue "cleaners" are the middle ground between scrapers and brushes. Their design typically includes:
By at least a small margin, tongue cleaners are probably the most effective type of tool. But as we mentioned above, a decision about which to use (a cleaner, specially designed scraper or even just a spoon) should simply depend on which you prefer. All are valid implements.
If you shop around for any of these, you'll find that you have no shortage of designs to choose from. And there's no hard or fast rule about how to pick one out. Just go with the type that looks right to you. The one that looks like it would be most effective or easiest to use.
To experiment with tongue scraping, you don't have to buy anything special. You can just use a spoon out of your silverware drawer. Here's what to do.
Tongue scraping using a spoon.
[Most people will find that they've scraped off a lot of whitish goo. You might try smelling it. This is what your breath smells like to others.]
If you find the method described above preferable to brushing, you might just continue on using your spoon. But if you decide to buy a specialty item, you'll find that they're generally used in the same fashion. The tool is pulled from back to front, repeatedly, until the bulk of the tongue's coating has been removed.
Our next page explains which mouthwashes do what, when it comes to curing bad breath.
Authorship: Written by Staff Dentist - Animated-Teeth.com
Content reference sources.
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I made the homework about CajaSur,which is is the trading name of the saving bank,a financial institution based in Córdoba (Spain).
The website of the bank is: http://www.cajasur.es/web3.0/index.html.
This website is divided in five sections:
Also the website shows corporate information:about who they are,information for investors,cultural and social work,group of companies Cajasur, and employment and training at Cajasur.
This bank is interesting for me because is the bank of Córdoba and is
third bank in terms of turnover in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia.
My father was member of the administration council for eight years and two of them was the council's secretary.
Founded by the Cathedral of Cordoba, it is now the Catholic Church who still controls CajaSur.So Cajasur has an important social and cultural work, focusing primarily in the province of Cordoba, giving scholarships to students, aid to persons with disabilities or at risk of social exclusion or to fund preservation of historical heritage and artistic environment,like: the grant of the hospital's Reina Sofía transplant unit.
And there is also a Group of Companies Cajasur
So this is the bank of my city and one of the most important bank of my Autonomous Comunity,and my father worked in it.And the most important thing is the Social and Cultural Work of Cajasur.
Mark = 7


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- Homepage
- Design Products & Projects
- Kitchen accessories & tableware
- Containers
TERMOKULI® meets the new requirements of food transport – The thermally insulated container is made 100% of the long-life mono material EPP, thus ensuring the complete recyclability of the product. By using latest tool technology various innovative and functional surfaces are given in one production shot. The implementation of differentiated functional surface designs create an intuitive use and a unique design. E.g. in the bottom area and at the ergonomically shaped grips special emphasis was placed on affording a good grip to optimize the handling. The high benefit of TERMOKULI® arises from its excellent insulation values. The media-resistant surface allows unpacked food to be transported in the box, which assures the consumer to satisfy the most stringent hygienic regulations.


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Subaru vehicles have a lot to offer, and the team at Subaru Sainte-Julie is really passionate about the 5-star brand. That is why you are greeted by our smiling and dedicated representatives as soon as you arrive at Subaru Sainte-Julie; it makes all the difference.
The Full Lineup of New Subaru Vehicles for Sale in Quebec
If you are looking for a reliable, fuel-efficient, fun and -- most importantly -- safe new or pre-owned vehicle, you will find the perfect vehicle for you at Subaru Sainte-Julie. We are the South Shore's number-one Subaru dealership when it comes to buying a new or used Subaru. Everything is put in place to ensure that we deliver the highest level of customer service that will turn your visit at Subaru Sainte-Julie into a hassle-free and enjoyable experience.
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If you already own a Subaru, our after-sales service department will be able to preserve the handling, safety, beauty and resale value of your vehicle. The after-sales department at Subaru Sainte-Julie offers everything you need under one roof including maintenance, repair, a complete inventory of genuine Subaru parts and accessories, as well as a dedicated detailing centre. And as always, the service you receive is guaranteed to exceed your expectations.
And once you have found your dream vehicle, be sure to have a chat with the staff at our financing department. Our financial advisors are here to help you find the best leasing or financing solution for your lifestyle. Don't forget to check out our special offers! Subaru Sainte-Julie is here to help you get the Subaru Vehicle you need at the price you want to pay.
If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact Subaru Sainte-Julie by phone or by filling out our online contact form. You can also view our inventory of new and used Subaru vehicles, or book your appointment with the after-sales department on our website.Contact Us


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Suck it up! - Free Catalog - Air Handling Systems
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Painted countertop substrate1/24
I am on a built in project that is calling for a painted countertop. I typically install (or other guys install) non-painted countertops either of solid butcher block, veneered plywood, or stone etc. I'm thinking of stacking MDF to get the thickness and just painting it. It won't have any water exposure and not likely to have anything even placed on it. I think MDF would have the benefit of not requiring any edge treatment like edgebanding and can take a profile as well. I'm a little concerned about the edge and top durability. Anyone have recommendations or do this another way? Thanks in advance.
I've done several painted countertops in mdf, and dozens of furniture pieces with painted mdf as well. I usually use 1" or 1.25" thick mdf. I've never had any problems or call backs. Simple edge profiles without sharp edges work best.
If your worried about the edge than apply a wood edge to it. I never liked the edge of mdf being the first thing to take abuse, as in a top edge. I always keep the wood as thin as possible, to keep the glue joint as close to the profile as possible, to better help hide the glue line in the future. Sure I'll make a mdf door, but the edges are mostly protected.
I guess you have experience with sizing or filling the edges of MDF. I hate the way the edge takes paint. If my job, I would edge band it with hardwood, and clear coat the paint for more protection.
I believe that the mdf edge is more durable in the long run than edge-banding. Several times I have finished the raw edge of mdf even when the faces were veneered. I just sand the edge and profile to 320 grit and it takes finish the same as the pressed faces.
You mighty also try MDO plywood. It's stronger and more durable than MDF. You can also edge-band it.


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Rand Paul managed to kill the bill, at least for now. The senate R's and D's were beating their war drums.
(Reuters) - A U.S. Republican lawmaker on Tuesday blocked Democrats from passing legislation designed to further punish Iran for developing its nuclear program, and each side blamed the other for its failure in a presidential election year that will put extra scrutiny on President Barack Obama to be tough on Tehran. The legislation, which had the backing of many Democratic and Republican Senators, focused on foreign banks that handle transactions for Iran's national oil and tanker companies...Senator Rand Paul formally objected to taking up the legislation unless the Senate would also consider his amendment to it saying that nothing in the bill could be construed as an authorization of war against Iran or Syria. This effectively blocked the bill from advancing. The timing of the next step was not immediately clear.
Read the rest here


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Drizzlecombe Stone Rows
History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation
HERITAGE HIGHLIGHTS: The Bone Stone is the largest standing stone on Dartmoor
The name Drizzlecombe sounds unappealing, but its roots are not nearly so drab; it comes from the word combe, for a valley, and 'Drishel', for a thrush, so the actual meaning is 'valley of the thrush'.
Three stone rows are laid out along the slope of Hartor Hill, each row terminated by a tall standing stone at one end and a cairn at the other. The rows are aligned southwest to northeast, with the standing stone at the southwest end and the cairn at the northeast. Between the terminus stones and cairns are small stones aligned in rows. Most of these stones are quite small, less than 0.5 metres high.
running almost parallel to the eastern row is the north row, a single row but much longer, with about 70 low stones arranged over 150 metres. The north row terminates in a much small standing stone, about 2.4 metres in height.
It seems likely that all 3 stone rows were built at the same time, during the Bronze Age.
On the same spur of land where you will find the stone rows are the remains of at least 5 settlement sites and a large number of cairns in addition to a stone-walled cist.
If you are lucky you will see Dartmoor ponies wandering among the stone rows. I was delighted to see a herd of ponies walking through the rows when I visited, followed by a pair of cows who stopped to rub their flanks on the standing stones.
VisitingThe easiest way to reach Drizzlecombe is to take the lane leading due east out of Sheepstor village. The lane terminates at a parking area. A footpath leads east from the end of the lane, then forks. Either branch will do. The most northerly branch leads up a spur of Hartor Hill where it joins another trail leading back down Drizzle Combe. After a few hundred yards you have to leave the trail and climb the low rise to the stone rows, which are easily visible.
You can return the same way or make it into a circular walk by rejoining the footpath and turning north at Ditzworthy Warren House before returning to the car park. As with all excursions on Dartmoor, an OS map is very useful, and please do take sensible precautions with footwear!
Do take the time to explore Sheepstor, used by director Steven Spielberg for his film War Horse.
About Drizzlecombe Stone Rows
Address: Sheepstor, Devon, England
Attraction Type: Prehistoric Site
Location: There is a parking area at the end of a lane just east of Sheepstor village at SX578673. An OS map is essential!
Location map
Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express
Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low to exceptional) on historic interest
Princetown, St Michael's Church - 4.2 miles (Historic Church)
Merrivale Prehistoric Site - 5.2 miles (Prehistoric Site)
Garden House - 5.9 miles (Garden)
Buckland Abbey - 6.2 miles (Historic House)
Saltram - 8.2 miles (Historic House)
Bere Ferrers, St Andrews Church - 8.3 miles (Historic Church)
Morwellham Quay - 9.1 miles (Museum)
Buckfast Abbey - 9.4 miles (Abbey)
Nearest Accommodation to Drizzlecombe Stone Rows:
Nearest Self Catering Cottages
Dousland, Devon
Sleeps: 2
Stay from: £289.00 - 1574.00
Horrabridge, Devon
Sleeps: 5
Stay from: £225.00 - 756.02
Yelverton, Devon
Sleeps: 2
Stay from: £245.00 - 455.00
More self catering near Drizzlecombe Stone Rows
Nearest Hotels
Shaugh Prior, Devon
Stay from: £75.04
Horrabridge, Devon
Stay from: £90.00
Sparkwell, Devon
Stay from: £60.00
More Hotels near Drizzlecombe Stone Rows
Nearest Bed and Breakfasts
Princetown, Devon
From: £55.00
Princetown, Devon
From: £75.00
Tavistock, Devon
From: £65.00


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In the meantime, please make sure that any extra project file changes are in our CVS, so that we are starting at the same point. I have access to MSVC++ .Net 2003, so I might take a look if your own efforts don't reach a conclusion.
It would be nice to have fully working project files, including the examples. This means:
1. We must ASAP adopt some naming conventions for the DLLs and import libraries. With mingw32, the library names are determined by the configure script. Example : libglibmm-2.4.dll.a and libglibmm-2.4-1.dll
What shall we use for MSVC ? Right now, we have glibmm.dll and glibmm.lib. I propose to use glibmm-2.4.dll and glibmm-2.4.lib (problem: names longer than 8+3). I also think it would be nice to provide a resource file (glibmm-2.4.rc) generated by the configure script from glibmm-2.4.rc.in, that contains the library version
2. We should not use absolute paths for include or lib directories. On the other hand, we want to make sure that glibmm/gtkmm compile out of the box including the examples -> this means we must use some environment variables (macros). The GTK+ installer from gladewin32 defines the GTK_BASEPATH. Should we use it in the glibmm/gtkmm project files ? And what about libsig++ (SIG_BASEPATH) or glibmm when building gtkmm (GLIBMM_BASEPATH) ? Or is there a way to directly define new macros in Visual Studio instead of using environment variables ?
3. What about using Makefiles and nmake instead of project files ? The advantage : people will be able to compile glibmm/gtkmm using the freely downloadable (and command line-based) MSVC developer tools.
I'm not a Visual Studio specialist and will let you decide... Cedric


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e-Conference Workshop (Its absolutely free!)
Dear Friends, Students, Colleagues, and Ceramics Enthusiasts,
The students and faculty at WVU would like to invite you to the West
Virginia University Ceramics 2010 "Un-official" Free NCECA Pre-Conference=
This event is ABSOLUTELY FREE (Just show up! Come before NCECA Philly or=
instead of Philly!)
Events will include demos, lecture, reception, and potluck.
Visiting Artists:
Sarah Jaeger, Helena MT
Steve Godfrey, Anchorage AK
Von Venhuizen, Lubbock TX
Tom Bartel, Athens OH
When: Sunday, March 28 & Monday, March 29
Demos: 9:00am - 3:00pm (Sunday & Monday)
Artist Lectures: 3:30pm - 5:00pm (Sun & Mon)
Reception: 6:00pm - 8:00pm (Sun)
Potluck: 6:00pm - ? (Mon)
Where: WVU Ceramics Studio, Creative Arts Center
Morgantown, WV
For more info: email@example.com


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Hello again.
Well it's been a while. Two and a half years to be almost exact.
As you may have noticed, SIE (yeah, we changed the name – how's that for you), has several exciting new products (PSVR and PS4(TM) Pro) coming out and they've been somewhat consuming of my development time. Meanwhile home time has been mostly taken up with kids; two of them now, one just having turned 2 years old and being too much fun to spend time on much else.
My original plan was to write a post a month. That means I'm about 30 posts behind now. Guess I'd better get on with it.


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Korean For Dummies Paperback / softback
by Jungwook Hong
Start speaking Korean the fun and easy way with Korean For Dummies, a no-nonsense guide to Korean culture and the basics of Korean language.
Pick up basic phrases and commonly used words so that you can converse with Koreans in both business and personal situations.
You'll learn Korean for everyday life and task-specific expressions for Korean on the go.
In addition, you'll discover important and fascinating aspects of Korean culture.
This handy guide won't burden you with lists of grammar rules; just look up the phrases and cultural phrases that you need or read through the whole book for a general overview.
You'll be able to place material in a daily context with cultural tidbits, phonetic spelling of Korean words, and the recorded Korean dialogues on the accompanying CD.
Exercises will jog your memory and reinforce everything that you learn.
Find out how to: Use basic phrases and words correctlyConverse intelligently about Korean cultureDo business with a Korean companySay task-specific expressionsPronounce Korean wordsPut material in a real-world contextMake a good first impression with Koreans Complete with lists of ten ways to learn Korean quickly, ten phrases to make you sound Korean, ten expressions that Koreans like to use, and ten things you should never do around a Korean, Korean For Dummies is your one-stop guide to speaking basic Korean and understanding the fundamentals of Korean culture.
- Format: Paperback / softback
- Pages: 384 pages
- Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
- Publication Date: 18/07/2008
- Category: Language self-study texts


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Pinterest has fallen short of its own goal to hire more women in tech roles, despite modest overall progress towards a more diverse workforce in the past year.
The social scrapbooking site released a yearly update on employee demographics in a blog post Friday.
In it, the company stacked the diversity of its hires over the past year against ambitious target stats it had set for itself.
Pinterest said it managed to boost the portion of women in its tech departments from 21 percent to 26 percent — a marked improvement from the year before, when the number remained stagnant. Read more…
More about Pinterest and Business
Source: Mashable


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Last night was truly remarkable! We got to see Tony Award nominee Cathy Rigby take flight as Peter Pan in an all new production at the La Mirada Performing Arts Theater. Prior to the show, we even got to meet Cathy and snap a few photos with her.
This was Zach's first Broadway show, and I don't think we adequately prepared him or ourselves for what we were going to experience. It was truly amazing to see Cathy, who is almost 60 years old, take flight and prance around the stage with her awe-inspiring aerial feats. Cathy was just so much fun to watch and brought such enthusiasm and heart to this show. And it was super fun to watch Zach's eyes light up, as together we experienced Peter Pan for the first time. We didn't want the evening to end.
Below is a clip from Cathy Rigby as Peter Pan that has the same staging and costume from last night's show! There are still some tickets for this weekend's show and then they are off to the Fox Theater in Riverside and after that they'll play the Pantages Theater in Los Angeles. I highly recommend going to experience the wonder and excitement of Peter Pan!