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- Research article
- Open Access
Regulation of cell cycle by the anaphase spindle midzone
- Maki Murata-Hori1, 2Email author,
- Greenfield Sluder3 and
- Yu-li Wang1
© Murata-Hori et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2004
- Received: 20 November 2004
- Accepted: 23 December 2004
- Published: 23 December 2004
A number of proteins accumulate in the spindle midzone and midbody of dividing animal cells. Besides proteins essential for cytokinesis, there are also components essential for interphase functions, suggesting that the spindle midzone and/or midbody may play a role in regulating the following cell cycle.
We microsurgically severed NRK epithelial cells during anaphase or telophase, such that the spindle midzone/midbody was associated with only one of the daughter cells. Time-lapse recording of cells severed during early anaphase indicated that the cell with midzone underwent cytokinesis-like cortical contractions and progressed normally through the interphase, whereas the cell without midzone showed no cortical contraction and an arrest or substantial delay in the progression of interphase. Similar microsurgery during telophase showed a normal progression of interphase for both daughter cells with or without the midbody. Microsurgery of anaphase cells treated with cytochalasin D or nocodazole indicated that interphase progression was independent of cortical ingression but dependent on microtubules.
We conclude that the mitotic spindle is involved in not only the separation of chromosomes but also the regulation of cell cycle. The process may involve activation of components in the spindle midzone that are required for the cell cycle, and/or degradation of components that are required for cytokinesis but may interfere with the cell cycle.
- Daughter Cell
- Nocodazole
- NRK52E Cell
- Sister Cell
- Microtubule Bundle
Microtubules undergo striking reorganization during anaphase and telophase. During anaphase, antiparallel, interdigitating microtubules and many associated proteins become organized into discrete bundles in the spindle midzone [1], the region between separated chromosomes. As the cell enters cytokinesis, these midzone microtubule bundles merge into a single compact, electron-dense structure called midbody. It is generally recognized that, at least for cultured animal cells, midzone microtubules play a major role in cytokinesis. For example, cleavage furrows, both normal and ectopic, are associated with similar microtubule bundles [2–4], while regions physically blocked from midzone microtubules by micromanipulation are unable to undergo cytokinesis [5]. Moreover, continuous interactions of midzone microtubules with the cell cortex are required for sustaining the cytokinesis of cultured animal cells [6].
Recent progress suggested that, in addition to cytokinesis, the spindle midzone might be involved in additional functions. For example, midzone and midbody microtubules are associated with many regulatory proteins apparently unrelated to cortical contraction, such as the DNA replication initiator Orc6 [7], the inhibitor of apoptosis survivin [8], and the tyrosine kinase binder Nir2 [9]. In addition, mother centrioles were found to migrate to the midbody during telophase before returning to their interphase position, possibly activating some centrosomal components for cell cycle progression [10]. Furthermore, treatment of dividing cells with dihydrocytochalasin B, an inhibitor of cytokinesis, caused not only the inhibition of cytokinesis but also G1 arrest after mitosis [11], raising the possibility that ploidy, cortical contraction, and/or activation/deactivation of proteins during cytokinesis, may play a role in the regulation of the following cell cycle.
To address this possibility, we severed cells at anaphase or telophase by microsurgery, to bypass the normal mechanism of cytokinesis. The functional role of the spindle midzone or midbody in the following cell cycle was then tested by manipulating the position of the microsurgery or by applying pharmacological agents. Using extended time-lapse microscopy, we found that anaphase midzone microtubules play an important role in the progression of the subsequent interphase. However, there was no evidence of the involvement of telophase midbody in cell cycle progression.
Results and discussion
Duration of interphase for daughter cells with and without the spindle midzone or midbody#
midbody/spindle midzone
spindle midzone (8)
721 ± 66
1444 ± 236**
spindle midzone (5)*
671 ± 28
1724 ± 301**
midbody (9)
610 ± 92
678± 113
control*** (66)
611 ± 16
Duration of interpahse for cells severed in the presence of cytoskeletal inhibitors#
Severed cells##
control###, ##
cytochalasin D
599 ± 49 (5)
587 ± 24 (10)
892 ± 71 (7)
621 ± 30 (14)
Some of major mitotic regulators are degraded by anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC) during anaphase [17]. Degradation of the polo-like kinase (Plk1) and aurora A by APC occurred while they were localized along midzone microtubules [17], raising the possibility that interphase progression may require the degradation of some mitotic/cytokinetic proteins, which may then cause activation of downstream components crucial for cell cycle. In addition, some molecules associated with midzone microtubules may be directly involved in cell cycle events such as DNA synthesis, as suggested by the chromosomal passenger protein-like dynamics of a DNA replication initiating factor, Orc6 during cell division [7].
Our results suggest that anaphase midzone not only play a role in the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured cells, but also provide a scaffold for the activation/deactivation of factors essential for the progression of subsequent cell cycle.
Cell culture, microscopy, and image processing
Normal Rat Kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E; American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD) were cultured in Kaighn's modified F12 (F12K) medium supplemented with 10% FBS (JRH Bioscience, Lenexa, KS), 50 U/ml penicillin, and 50 μg/ml streptomycin, on glass chamber dishes as previously described [18]. The cells were maintained at 37°C in a stage incubator built on top of a Zeiss Axiovert S100TV or an Axiovert 35 inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY), and viewed with 10X, NA 0.25 Achrostigmat, 40X, NA 0.75 Plan-Neofluor or 100X, NA 1.30 Plan-Neofluor lens. All images were acquired with a cooled charge-coupled device camera (ST133 controller and CCD57 chip; Roper Scientific, Trenton, NJ) and processed with custom software for background subtraction.
Microsurgery and drug treatment
Glass needles for microsurgery were prepared with a David-Kopf Model 700 vertical puller. The tip of the needle was melted and elongated into a fine fiber with a Narishige microforge (Model MF900). Microsurgery of the cells was achieved by carefully lowering a fiber onto the target cell followed by slow dragging with a micromanipulator (Leica, Deerfield, IL).
Cytochalasin D (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were stored at -20°C as 2.5 mM stock in DMSO, and diluted into warm medium before application to cells. We found that treatment of early anaphase cells with cytochalasin D for 30 min completely inhibited cytokinesis even upon removal of the drug, similar to what was reported with dihydrocytochalasin B [14]. Thus, early anaphase cells were treated with cytochalasin D at a final concentration of 2 μM for 10 min before microsurgery. The cells were then incubated for additional 20 min and washed at least twice with fresh medium. Nocodazole (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was stored at -20°C as 10 mM stocks in DMSO and was diluted with warmed medium before use. Early anaphase cells were incubated with nocodazole for 6–13 min and then cut into two daughter cells with microsurgery. Immediately after microsurgery or following 50 min incubation, the daughter cells were released from nocodazole by incubating with two changes of fresh medium for at least 5 min each. The significance of these results was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test in Microsoft Excel.
Transfection and immunofluorescence
Aurora B-GFP was constructed and transfected into NRK cells as described previously [12]. Immunofluorescence of tubulin and reconstruction of microtubules images were carried out as described previously [19]. For immunofluorescence, cells were rinsed with warm cytoskeleton buffer and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (EM Science, Gibbstown, NJ) in warm cytoskeleton buffer for 10 min [6]. They were then rinsed thoroughly in the cytoskeleton buffer and permeablized by incubation with 0.5% Triton X-100 in cytoskeleton buffer for 5 min. Fixed cells were rinsed with the cytoskeleton buffer, blocked for 10 min with 1% BSA (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) in PBS, then incubated with anti-AIM-1 monoclonal antibodies (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) at a dilution of 1:200 in PBS with 1% BSA for 45 min at 37°C. After washing with PBS/BSA thoroughly, cells were incubated with Alexa 546-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibodies (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) at a dilution of 1:100 for 30 min at 37°C.
This study was supported by NIH grant GM-32476 to YLW, GM-30758 to GS, and intramural funds from the Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory to MMH.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Canman JC, Cameron LA, Maddox PS, Straight A, Tirnauer JS, Mitchison TJ, Fang G, Kapoor TM, Salmon ED: Determining the position of the cleavage plane. Nature. 2003, 424: 1074-1078. 10.1038/nature01860.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Wheatley SP, Wang YL: Midzone microtubule bundles are continuously required for cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1996, 135: 981-989. 10.1083/jcb.135.4.981.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Prasanth SG., Prasanth KV, Stillman B: Orc6 involved in DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Science. 2002, 297: 1026-1031. 10.1126/science.1072802.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Skoufias DA, Mollinari C, Lacroix FB, Margolis RL: Human survivin is a kinetochore-associated passenger protein. J Cell Biol. 2000, 151: 1575-1581. 10.1083/jcb.151.7.1575.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Litvak V, Tian D, Carmon S, Lev S: Nir2, a human homolog of Drosophila melanogaster retinal degeneration B protein, is essential for cytokinesis. Mol Cell Biol. 2002, 22: 5064-5075. 10.1128/MCB.22.14.5064-5075.2002.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Piel M, Nordberg J, Euteneuer U, Bornens M: Centrosome-dependent exit of cytokinesis in animal cells. Science. 2001, 291: 1550-1553. 10.1126/science.1057330.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Andreassen PR, Lohez OD, Lacroix FB, Margolis RL: Tetraploid state induces p53-dependent arrest of nontransformed mammalian cells in G1. Mol Biol Cell. 2001, 12: 1315-1328.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Murata-Hori M, Tatsuka M, Wang YL: Probing the dynamics and functions of aurora B kinase in living cells during mitosis and cytokinesis. Mol Biol Cell. 2002, 13: 1099-1108. 10.1091/mbc.01-09-0467.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Adams RR, Carmena M, Earnshaw WC: Chromosomal passengers and the (aurora) ABCs of mitosis. Trends Cell Biol. 2001, 11: 49-54. 10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01880-8.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Martineau SN, Andreassen PR, Margolis RL: Delay of HeLa cell cleavage into interphase using dihydrocytochalasin B retention of a postmitotic spindle and telophase disc correlates with synchronous cleavage recovery. J Cell Biol. 1995, 131: 191-205. 10.1083/jcb.131.1.191.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Terada Y, Tatsuka M, Suzuki F, Yasuda Y, Fujita S, Otsu M: AIM-1: a mammalian midbody-associated protein required for cytokinesis. EMBO J. 1998, 17: 667-676. 10.1093/emboj/17.3.667.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lindon C, Pines J: Ordered proteolysis in anaphase inactivates Plk1 to contribute to proper mitotic exit in human cells. J Cell Biol. 2004, 164: 233-241. 10.1083/jcb.200309035.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- MaKenna NM, Wang YL: Culturing cells on the microscope stage. Methods Cell Biol. 1989, 29: 195-205. full_text.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Murata-Hori M, Wang YL: The kinase activity of aurora B is required for kinetochore-microtubules interactions during mitosis. Curr Biol. 2002, 12: 894-899. 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00848-5.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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I have to say that I am always intrigued when I read a post by Tony Bates, and this week, while scanning through material on Open Education and OERs, I somehow took a slightly 'rhizhomatic' detour in my learning. Bates' post: The world's largest supplier of free online learning? caught my attention. What fascinated me about the post was that I had never heard of ALISON.com, the world's largest supplier of free online learning. ALISON, according to Bates' post, is "the world's leading free online learning resource for basic and essential workplace skills. ALISON provides …. interactive multimedia courseware for certification and standards-based learning." I can't help but wonder … How many teachers use this resource?
Interestingly enough, although the post was written in 2012, comments and dialogue between Bates and a global audience continue to occur (the last comment was posted two days ago). As noted in David Wiley's Keynote on Open Education, you can't plan all types of interactions. These interactions occur thanks to the affordances of 'Connecting and Openness' (possible because of the Web). The dialogue on Bates' post is a perfect example of the power of an authentic 'open' audience and a connected world.
So, with all the data we have at our fingertips, and with students telling us what they want and need to learn (i.e., to achieve their career goals), are educators part of an education system that is struggling to be relevant … a system that is perhaps driven by outdated policy, as noted by Wiley? What do you think?
Building on original Networked Teacher by Alec Couros: www.flickr.com/photos/courosa/2922421696/

subset: commoncrawl


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Color Schemes
P&N Bank
www.pnbank.com.au is a website with visual elements and a clear navigation.
Secret Key Digital Agency
Secret Key is a digital agency based in Rome, we offer services and professional advices about Internet marketing, web design & development. The new...
GMB Fitness
Bodyweight exercise tutorial videos and workouts that build strength and flexibility. GMB produces online fitness programs and coaching for anyone who wants to...
Stikwood is the world's first Peel & Stik reclaimed and sustainable wood planking.
Caramel Budgie Design
Caramel Budgie is the small creative studio of multi-disciplinary designer, animator & art director Antonia (Ani) Powers.
Flywheel is beautiful, rock-solid WordPress hosting for designers and agencies.
Temper measures how your customers feel about every aspect of your business so you know what to improve.
Progetty creative design portfolio
Progetty creative design studio, personal portfolio. Web, graphic, advertisting and logo design, located in Lecce (South Italy).
Subsign - independent interactive agency based in Romania.
M&M Web Solutions
M&M Web Solutions - Web design company from India.
Curious Consultants
A typography-based website expressing the character and personality of this new creative and branding agency.
Made By Block
A clever little web development agency that collaborates with brilliant people.


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Code Mastery is a full day of content with sessions in two tracks:
- Core .NET Development – Visual Studio 2010, .NET 4, Silverlight, WPF, Pex, etc.
- Microsoft Server Development: SharePoint 2010, SQL Server, BizTalk, etc.
Featured speakers include Rocky Lhotka, Jason Bock, Michael Cummings (Boston XNA Developers Group leader), Jason Weber, Brad Friedlander, and others.
Code Mastery
February 11th, 8 AM – 5 PM
Microsoft, 201 Jones Road, Waltham, MA
Register at www.codemastery.com.
See you there!


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I Do Not Exchange My Shirt With ASSASSINS – Cristiano Ronaldo
This is the phrase used by the Portuguese star at a meeting after Friday night's playoff between Israel and Portugal at the 2014 World Cup.
After the match, an Israeli player removing his shirt offered it to Ronaldo, who refused because he could not agree to wear a jersey on which there was the flag of the State of Israel.
In the locker room when reporters asked him why he had refused to exchange his jersey, he said "I do not exchange my shirt with murderers" (Google English translation).
A Real Euro-star: Cristiano Ronaldo, who became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £80 million from Manchester United, made his full international debut for Portugal in 2003.
This is not the first time the Portuguese star Ronaldo has shown his solidarity with Palestinians, last year he auctioned off his soccer boot in gold, to help Palestinian victims of Israeli bombing.


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So here is the menu idea ive bin playing around with for a while and i finally have a version of it i like this is screen grab of the level selection part.
Let me know if this looks bad/ugly or good looking
Also all levels of the game have bin finished so now its down to play testing the game one more time, making a trailer and polishing the full game up a little.
Also added a death state or respawn screen when you die or fall off the levels.
changed the menu music. You can find a old video of the Main Menu screen and old level selection in a link below
Smashed a ton of bugs
Changed the game to scale to any screen size automatically and windowed mode
added a intro logo scene before the game starts aswell as various sound effects for the menu and other parts of the game.
and thats about it
here is the video of the first part of the menu (old video)


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By Graham Chalmers
Ripon International Festival tends to whisper, not shout. It's biggest noise, perhaps, comes when the Hallé Orchestra is in full flight.
Since it was first launched in 1998 its talented co-founder and artistic director Janusz Piotrowicz has always preferred to let this highly-regarded festival's wide variety of cultural events do the talking for themselves.
This year's runs at venues in Ripon and, occasionally, Harrogate until September 21 with the visiting names including jazz singer Clare Teal, flamenco guitarist Juan Martin and the Royal Northern Sinfonia who launched the festival in a packed Ripon Cathedral last weekend.
As usual, Piotrowicz took the conductor's baton for the opening concert and was praised afterwards for his typical dynamism and energy, allied to a keen sensitivity.
From its first days nearly 20 years ago, the festival has flourished, weathered a few storms, and, even in the face of severe public funding cuts, striven to maintain its national reputation for artistic excellence. Janusz Piotrowicz, who is to conduct l'Orchestre du Monde in London next month hosted by actress Joanna Lumley, said the festival was purely about the thrill of live performance and a commitment to quality artists from around the UK and wider world.
And it was a joy to be able to do so, he added: "I have conducted some of the world's finest soloists in the festival, such as cellist Miklos Perenyi, flautists Samuel Coles and Adam Walker, clarinetist Michael Whight, violinist Alexandra Soumm, and oboist Nicholas Daniel.
"I have also had the great joy of bringing to life the miraculous symphonic repertoire of the great masters, outstanding occasions being the iconic Rachmaninov 2nd Symphony with the Hallé in 2014 and - also with the Hallé – Tchaikovsky's Symphony no 6, the Pathétique in 2011."
Ripon International Festival offers an exciting and contrasting array of international orchestras and artists in its 18th season.
The celebrated London Mozart Players, will perform Mendelsson's Overture Fingal's Cave and Violin Concerto and Beethoven's mighty Eroica Symphony on Saturday, September 19 at Harrogate's Royal Hall.
Conducted by Janusz Piotrowicz, the violin soloist will be Jennifer Pike, who was BBC Young musician of the Year in 2002, aged only 12.
Pike is now taking the world by storm with the intensity of her playing, being accorded a standing ovation at her recent Carnegie Hall début.
For full information and tickets, visit Ripon Festival


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Life is mysterious, fascinating, intriguing. Here my words nibble around the edges of it as the mood takes me.
Wednesday, April 29, 2015
In Oceans Deep
6 comments:
- Gill said...
Oh Allie, I was so upset when I read this! Will be keeping your family in my prayers xx
- April 29, 2015
- LisaG said...
It's a beautiful song and a lovely post. x
- April 30, 2015
- allie. said...
How wonderful to hear from you! I thought you had given up blogland.
Thank you for your prayers: they are much valued.
And Lis - thanks my darling. And yes the song is very special.
I listen to it almost every day.
Rach is learning it: isn't that fantastic!?
- April 30, 2015
- Deborah Ann Blignaut said...
Allie you and your family definitely in our prayers. Last year this song spoke volumes to me. Beautiful indeed. As I walked upon the water I began to understand that God is sovereign, we cannot manipulate Him or twist His arm. That He is our ever present help in times of trouble. May you know His strength and presence in a way like never before.
- May 01, 2015
- Lynette Jacobs said...
Beautiful post my friend. You are your family are constantly in our prayers. (just as we were in yours not to many years ago...and that ended in a miracle). We are believing the Lord for a miracle and we know that He is sovereign over all.
Much love
- May 01, 2015
- allie. said...
Debs - thank you so much for your prayers and encouragement.
And Lynette, yes my friend, I remember your incredibly challenging time well - what a miracle God did for your son!
We are believing for one too.
Thank you for praying with us.
- May 01, 2015


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2 heavyweight monsters are behind this project, David Starfire and FreQ Nasty and it's prety TRANSNATIONAL and free to boot unless you wish to pay.
Dubstep, Glitch, Future Bass in a Transnational Asian stylee!
Dub Kirtan All Stars' brand new Subsonic Devotion EP features 3 tracks produced by David Starfire and FreQ Nasty featuring the powerful and compelling vocals of 2 of the Kirtan scene's most talented singers – Chaytanya and Arjun Baba. 'Radhe Govinda' conjures up images of a Dubstep club in the heart of Mumbai with Chatanya bestowing the spacious track with an emotive invocation of the Divine over heavy beats and bass. On 'Om Namah Shivaya' Arjun Baba embodies the 'take no prisoners' spirit of Hindu deity Shiva delivering a fiery and unrestrained vocal over the top of razor sharp beats and a distorted 303 acid line. The EP closes with the rapturous voice of Chaytanya on a delicate and moving rendition of 'Kunja Bihari'. Originally recorded as a shiver-inducing acoustic Bhajan it is augmented here by sparse atmospheric dubs, sweet 70's funk, and a weighty bottom end sub. After a 2 year gestation period spent developing a full force live band we are ridiculously pleased to offer you the Subsonic Devotion EP. Enjoy!


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Gibe III hydropower dam in Ethiopia: Group says power project will increase poverty
(HornTrade) – China has been urged to withdraw the funding of the now controversial construction of Gibe III hydropower dam in Ethiopia.
Through a petition by a group calling itself the Friends of Lake Turkana (FoLT) to the Chinese ambassador to Kenya, it is argued that once the project is implemented, the 240-metre high dam will compromise "a very fragile and unique ecosystem" which is identified as a protected area.
According to FoLT chairperson, Ikal Ang'elei, the filling of the reservoir will block the south-western part of the Omo River, threatening the livelihood of more than 200,000 people living in the lower Omo valley.
"If the natural flood with its rich silt deposits disappears, subsistence economies will collapse leading to food shortage," said Ms Ang'elei.
Documents accessed by the Daily Nation show that Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) is underwriting a $500 million contract which was awarded in May 13 to Dongfang Electric Corporation for the dam's turbines and electro-mechanical works.
Although ICBC has not publicly announced the loan, the bank's official confirmed last month that the financial agreement between the Bank and the Ethiopian government was signed in July.
Friends of Lake Turkana believe that ICBC has committed to funding this "destructive" project without its due assessment and impact.
"The Chinese government should reconsider funding this project until we obtain a fair hearing and authoritative legal conclusions about shared waters under international law," read part of the petition.
Ms Ang'elei alleges that so far no independent assessment of the environmental and social impact from the Gibe III Dam has been undertaken, despite the advancement in the putting up of the venture, the largest energy investment project ever implemented in Ethiopia with a $1.7-billion price tag.
An environmental impact assessment auditing of the project by a team of researchers from Europe-based CEE Bankwatch Network reveals that in 2006, the Ethiopian government set up an Environmental Monitoring Unit whose goal was to monitor the environmental impacts of construction and operation of project.
Fishermen on Lake Turkana. Groups say the Gibe 3 dam would lead to the ecological and economic collapse around Lake Turkana and would increase conflicts in this volatile region.
However, the unit is said to have had limited capacity and at the same time no power to enforce compliance with environmental safeguards.
While the monitoring team appreciated that the dam will have devastating effects on the lake, the researchers alleged they cannot "actively pursue the issues of hydropower dams due to legitimate concerns of government persecution."
Rick Graetz, a researcher at the University of Montana said that the proposed dam on the Omo River will have major destructive impacts on the Lower Omo River Basin's fragile semi-arid environment.
"The Gibe III project will have major trans-boundary impacts specifically in northeastern Kenya where both the Omo River and Lake Turkana are located, and in the Ilemi Triangle of southern Sudan," said Dr Graetz.
If completed, the project will produce more than 1,800 MW of electricity, some of which will be exported to Kenya, Sudan and Djibouti.
Kenya alone is expected to import more than 500MW to help solve the recurring power outages.
According Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation, more than 200 MW will be exported to both Djibouti and Sudan.
Moreover, a feasibility study is underway to consider exporting 50 MW to Yemen through Djibouti, Somalia, Eritrea and Egypt.
Ethiopia expects to earn $407 million annually from these exports.
Source: nation.co.ke


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The art of making a website friendly enough so that it ranks higher in Search Engine Result Pages is known as search engine optimization. It is considered more technical part of internet marketing, which is true. SEO requires some technical knowledge related to HTML, CSS etc. along with copy writing as most of the techniques used to promote site in the search engine deals with the text.
The whole process of search engine optimization is broken and carried out in two phases, which are known as on page and off page optimization.
On Page Factors Off Page Factors
• Keyword mining • Free / paid directory submission
• Keyword density checks • Article and news submission
• Credible copy writing • Press release distribution
• Meta tags scripting • Reciprocal link marketing
• Clean and valid mark-up (HTML) • Inbound link building
• Link management • Digital signatures
15 Biggest and Frequent Mistakes of SEO made by Web Masters
The below listed are the most biggest and frequently made mistakes by web masters, which could cost you both money and time.
1. Duplicate Content: it is the worst enemy of your website and might just keep your site from not being found in the search engines. Search engines love well-written, original content and penalize such sites, which contains plagiarized contents. Therefore, if you think that you are not good at writing content, I suggest you should hire a writer, it may be worth hiring one to take care of this aspect of your site for you.
2. Using Auto generated content: High quality, original content is King. Auto generated content is neither.
3. Cloaking - avoid use of doorway pages.
4. Over submission of site to the Search Engines.
5. Less or no keywords in H1 headings.
6. Use of unrelated keywords/ no use of keyword phrases (long tail keywords).
7. Bad selection of Anchor text links: make sure that the anchor text link you are getting should be targeting high quality long tail keywords, well researched and target high search volume with low competition in order to get your website rank higher.
8. Links from irrelevant sites: If you get back links too fast through link farming or other methods, your rankings may decrease. So, avoid paid links especially from irrelevant sites.
9. Keyword stuffing: Over usage of keywords within your content can also hurt your site badly. The best practice is to use your main keyword once per eighty to hundred words.
10. Do not provide Irrelevant Outbound Links. Always keep your outgoing links relevant and use strong, keyword based anchor text whenever it is possible.
11. Poor Page Title: create a keyword based unique title of every individual page on your site.
12. Bad code Programming: Be sure your code is clean, easy to read, and optimized for SEO wherever possible.
13. Hidden Text: Do not use hidden keywords on your website as if your keywords are hard to find, then they are more likely hard to recognize and read too. Make them apparent and a strong part of your website for finest results.
14. Deficiency of focusing on a niche in a website: the reason is that if your website is not targeting a specific niche then it will become difficult for a search engine to group your site and to know which niche you suit best.
15. No or less focus on visitors as compared to search engines: Always keep your focus on visitors while creating a content as they are the one who will be reading and linking to your, distributing it or purchasing your product or services.
Try to avoid the above mentioned mistakes while optimizing your site or else it could harm you by means of cost and time both. We will cover some more tips on search engine optimization within the next tool.


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- This event has passed.
Best of Colorado: Pattie Money of SendGrid
March 1, 2018 @ 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm
Our Best of Colorado Speaker Series features successful Colorado entrepreneurs and business leaders discussing their startup stories and lessons learned along the way. We are thrilled to have Pattie Money, Chief People Officer of SendGrid, present "How to Choose a Place to Work Based on Culture & Growth" over FREE lunch!
This event is open to the public.
– 12:00 – 12:30 p.m. : Registration, lunch & networking
– 12:30 – 1:15 p.m. : Keynote
– 1:15 – 1:30 p.m. : Q&A
Pattie Money comes to SendGrid with over 20 years of HR leadership experience, spending the last 15 years in the technology sector. As the Chief People Officer at SendGrid, she oversees SendGrid's greatest assets, its human resources, and is responsible for building and implementing the People Operations strategies and programs that support SendGrid's ambitious growth and evolving organization while preserving and enhancing our core culture. Prior to joining SendGrid, Pattie served as Chief People Officer at TubeMogul, a publicly traded global ad tech company in the Bay area and Senior Vice President of Human Resources for Mercury Payment Systems, a payment technology company. Pattie holds a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree from University of Memphis and a Master of Science in Human Resource Development Degree from Villanova


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All photography provided by Brian Wood
Our Mission
CanyonQuests for Vets is a Colorado based non-profit which seeks to connect American veterans to the sport of canyoneering. We foster community through powerful canyoneering adventures that rely upon collaboration, communication and the demonstration of honor. By connecting veterans to one another and the natural world, CanyonQuests for Vets honors those who have honored us.
What We Do
- Bring veterans together for adventure based canyoneering courses and technical training.
- Provide veterans with a solid foundation of technical skills to ensure safety and success.
- Create community and collaboration through technical canyoneering training and adventures.
- Allow veterans the opportunity to demonstrate honor through participating in adventure based courses.
- Engender communication and teamwork.
- Play in the dirt
- Help veterans reintegrate into society through wilderness based canyon descents that rely upon collaboration and technical skills.


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We caught up with Exhibition Designer, Jeremy Johnston, following the opening of two Ronald Lockett exhibitions at the American Folk Art Museum. Jeremy, who is the co-founder and principle designer at specialist art exhibition design company Darling Green, has worked with curator Valérie Rousseau to create Fever Within: The Art of Ronald Lockett; the first retrospective on the artist, which looks at how Lockett's art speaks to the universality of the human condition through the lens of lived experience in the American South. The second exhibition, Once Something Has Lived It Can Never Really Die; showcases the artworks by the self-taught artist and how these reflect on themes such as mortality, eschatology, and vulnerability. These artworks are paired with small and portable works created for protective purposes by both known and unidentified artists situated outside the art mainstream.
TC: Can you tell us a little more about the two new exhibitions at the American Folk Art Museum?
JJ: I am very excited to be working with Valérie Rousseau and the American Folk Art Museum to design these two exhibitions. Both are centered on the work of Ronald Lockett (1965–1998) , who lived and worked in Bessemer, Alabama. Lockett was the youngest of a group of artists that worked in the Pipe Shop neighborhood of Bessemer. His work is incredibly powerful. It really has to be seen in person; the range of textures and tiny details are astounding and, like so many artworks, can't really be communicated in a photograph. Fever Within is completely focused on Lockett's work, while Once Something combines it with other artists works. The resulting dialogue between artists and objects in Once Something is fascinating.
What role do interior design and colour play in the space?
We work with American Folk Art Museum staff to design a unique identity for each exhibition. We rarely repeat wall color and for good reason; artist's works and groups of works, even large and varied groups, have a very specific character. The curatorial point of view also influences color decisions. Color is one of our primary tools to heighten the exhibition experience. However, we work carefully to make sure that labels, texts, furniture and other installation solutions don't overwhelm the artworks. All of this detailed work is for one reason and that is to push the works toward the viewer and allow them to experience each object at its best. Interestingly, color is the one element that never leaves the viewing frame. We can place labels low and away from the works, but the wall color or case color is always present. This makes these choices very delicate and extremely important.
You chose to work with Farrow & Ball on both these exhibitions, how do you go about choosing the colours?
Instinct plays a big part. Experience is a close second. We have two large suitcases filled with color samples, many from past exhibitions, and a few that we have hand mixed or tinted. We spend time with the works in the lighting conditions of each gallery with the samples looking for a few good candidates. Then we test some options and paint new samples, refining the choice until it works well.
Do you have a favourite piece in the exhibitions?
I do have favorites, but they tend to change daily. One of the great privileges of working with exhibitions is the amount of time we are able to spend with each work. They change over time; your relationship and understanding deepens over time. I think this is something that we are in danger of losing as life moves at an increasingly fast pace. An artwork will reveal more of itself in exact proportion to how long you spend with it and the longer you look the more you will learn.
Do you have any top tips for readers living or travelling to New York?
New York is an amazing city and it's really worth getting off the beaten track. Go to Brooklyn or Queens and find some great food or live music. Try something new. Take a ferry somewhere. In Manhattan, a personal favorite is the Whitney Museum of American Art. Lower East Side galleries are fun too.
What's the most interesting artefact/artwork/piece of furniture/curios in your home?
Very hard to choose one! Two that come to mind immediately are a painting by Alex Lakin; it's a deceivingly complex picture; very refined. Sometimes I find my self staring at it and I'm not sure how much time has gone by. I'm also very fond of a bananas sculpture by artist/designer Melitta Baumeister. It's kind of a playful spontaneous object, yet radiates an odd power. Love the bananas.
And finally, if you could live anywhere in the world, where would it be?
Fever Within: The Art of Ronald Lockett and Once Something Has Lived It Can Never Really Die are on at the American Folk Art Museum from 21 June to 18 September 2016.
Image used to in the headline by Olya Vysotskaya © American Folk Art Museum


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30 minutes
Backpackers stars Dillon Casey and Noah Reid as two friends backpacking across Europe after one of them is dumped by his girlfriend. Giacomo Gianniotti co-stars in the series.
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Ryan and Brandon ponder their lives as they search Europe for Ryan's fiancee.
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What happened to this show? Did it seriously just get three episodes?
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I waited a considerable time for Van Helsing to begin, but he stood as if wrapped in thought. Presently he closed the catch of his bag with a snap, and said,
"I have been thinking, and have made up my mind as to what is best. If I did simply follow my inclining I would do now, at this moment, what is to be done. But there are other things to follow, and things that are thousand times more difficult in that them we do not know. This is simple. She have yet no life taken, though that is of time, and to act now would be to take danger from her forever. But then we may have to want Arthur, and how shall we tell him of this? If you, who saw the wounds on Lucy's throat, and saw the wounds so similar on the child's at the hospital, if you, who saw the coffin empty last night and full today with a woman who have not change only to be more rose and more beautiful in a whole week, after she die, if you know of this and know of the white figure last night that brought the child to the churchyard, and yet of your own senses you did not believe, how then, can I expect Arthur, who know none of those things, to believe?
"He doubted me when I took him from her kiss when she was dying. I know he has forgiven me because in some mistaken idea I have done things that prevent him say goodbye as he ought, and he may think that in some more mistaken idea this woman was buried alive, and that in most mistake of all we have killed her. He will then argue back that it is we, mistaken ones, that have killed her by our ideas, and so he will be much unhappy always. Yet he never can be sure, and that is the worst of all. And he will sometimes think that she he loved was buried alive, and that will paint his dreams with horrors of what she must have suffered, and again, he will think that we may be right, and that his so beloved was, after all, an UnDead. No! I told him once, and since then I learn much. Now, since I know it is all true, a hundred thousand times more do I know that he must pass through the bitter waters to reach the sweet. He, poor fellow, must have one hour that will make the very face of heaven grow black to him, then we can act for good all round and send him peace. My mind is made up. Let us go. You return home for tonight to your asylum, and see that all be well. As for me, I shall spend the night here in this churchyard in my own way. Tomorrow night you will come to me to the Berkeley Hotel at ten of the clock. I shall send for Arthur to come too, and also that so fine young man of America that gave his blood. Later we shall all have work to do. I come with you so far as Piccadilly and there dine, for I must be back here before the sun set."
So we locked the tomb and came away, and got over the wall of the churchyard, which was not much of a task, and drove back to Piccadilly.
NOTE LEFT BY VAN HELSING IN HIS PORTMANTEAU, BERKELEY HOTEL DIRECTED TO JOHN SEWARD, M. D. (Not Delivered)
27 September
"Friend John,
"I write this in case anything should happen. I go alone to watch in that churchyard. It pleases me that the UnDead, Miss Lucy, shall not leave tonight, that so on the morrow night she may be more eager. Therefore I shall fix some things she like not, garlic and a crucifix, and so seal up the door of the tomb. She is young as UnDead, and will heed. Moreover, these are only to prevent her coming out. They may not prevail on her wanting to get in, for then the UnDead is desperate, and must find the line of least resistance, whatsoever it may be. I shall be at hand all the night from sunset till after sunrise, and if there be aught that may be learned I shall learn it. For Miss Lucy or from her, I have no fear, but that other to whom is there that she is UnDead, he have not the power to seek her tomb and find shelter. He is cunning, as I know from Mr. Jonathan and from the way that all along he have fooled us when he played with us for Miss Lucy's life, and we lost, and in many ways the UnDead are strong. He have always the strength in his hand of twenty men, even we four who gave our strength to Miss Lucy it also is all to him. Besides, he can summon his wolf and I know not what. So if it be that he came thither on this night he shall find me. But none other shall, until it be too late. But it may be that he will not attempt the place. There is no reason why he should. His hunting ground is more full of game than the churchyard where the UnDead woman sleeps, and the one old man watch.
"Therefore I write this in case . . . Take the papers that are with this, the diaries of Harker and the rest, and read them, and then find this great UnDead, and cut off his head and burn his heart or drive a stake through it, so that the world may rest from him.
"If it be so, farewell.
28 September. — It is wonderful what a good night's sleep will do for one. Yesterday I was almost willing to accept Van Helsing's monstrous ideas, but now they seem to start out lurid before me as outrages on common sense. I have no doubt that he believes it all. I wonder if his mind can have become in any way unhinged. Surely there must be some rational explanation of all these mysterious things. Is it possible that the Professor can have done it himself? He is so abnormally clever that if he went off his head he would carry out his intent with regard to some fixed idea in a wonderful way. I am loathe to think it, and indeed it would be almost as great a marvel as the other to find that Van Helsing was mad, but anyhow I shall watch him carefully. I may get some light on the mystery.
29 September. — Last night, at a little before ten o'clock, Arthur and Quincey came into Van Helsing's room. He told us all what he wanted us to do, but especially addressing himself to Arthur, as if all our wills were centred in his. He began by saying that he hoped we would all come with him too, "for," he said, "there is a grave duty to be done there. You were doubtless surprised at my letter?" This query was directly addressed to Lord Godalming.
"I was. It rather upset me for a bit. There has been so much trouble around my house of late that I could do without any more. I have been curious, too, as to what you mean.
"Quincey and I talked it over, but the more we talked, the more puzzled we got, till now I can say for myself that I'm about up a tree as to any meaning about anything."
"Me too," said Quincey Morris laconically.
"Oh," said the Professor, "then you are nearer the beginning, both of you, than friend John here, who has to go a long way back before he can even get so far as to begin."
It was evident that he recognized my return to my old doubting frame of mind without my saying a word. Then, turning to the other two, he said with intense gravity,
"I want your permission to do what I think good this night. It is, I know, much to ask, and when you know what it is I propose to do you will know, and only then how much. Therefore may I ask that you promise me in the dark, so that afterwards, though you may be angry with me for a time, I must not disguise from myself the possibility that such may be, you shall not blame yourselves for anything."
"That's frank anyhow," broke in Quincey. "I'll answer for the Professor. I don't quite see his drift, but I swear he's honest, and that's good enough for me."
"I thank you, Sir," said Van Helsing proudly. "I have done myself the honour of counting you one trusting friend, and such endorsement is dear to me." He held out a hand, which Quincey took.
Then Arthur spoke out, "Dr. Van Helsing, I don't quite like to 'buy a pig in a poke', as they say in Scotland, and if it be anything in which my honour as a gentleman or my faith as a Christian is concerned, I cannot make such a promise. If you can assure me that what you intend does not violate either of these two, then I give my consent at once, though for the life of me, I cannot understand what you are driving at."
"I accept your limitation," said Van Helsing, "and all I ask of you is that if you feel it necessary to condemn any act of mine, you will first consider it well and be satisfied that it does not violate your reservations."
"Agreed!" said Arthur. "That is only fair. And now that the pourparlers are over, may I ask what it is we are to do?"
"I want you to come with me, and to come in secret, to the churchyard at Kingstead."
Arthur's face fell as he said in an amazed sort of way,
"Where poor Lucy is buried?"
The Professor bowed.
Arthur went on, "And when there?"
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How do Dr. Abraham Van Helsing, Quincey P. Morris, Dr. John Seward, and Arthur Holmwood all try to save Miss Lucy Westenra?
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Droplet installation, by Bureau de Change
Architectural practice Bureau de Change has designed an installation at Sto Werkstatt in London.
Designed to evolve over time, Droplet comprises a three-dimensional surface made from 100 petal-like forms and 100 pendulums suspended above a grid formation.
The installation is designed to be a nod to the industrial heritage of Clerkenwell.


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|Circumstance is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for circumstance: 20 points.
|Circumstance is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for circumstance: 20 points.
Above are the results of unscrambling circumstance. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters C I R C U M S T A N C E, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 1195 words by unscrambling the letters in circumstance. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.
1. information that should be kept in mind when making a decision
|Words that start with circumstance
|Words that end with circumstance
|Words that contain circumstance


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What is sacred? How do we extract meaning from sacred texts? Where do religious stories come from? How are these stories relevant to people today?
The resources in this site will allow you to investigate all these questions and more.
The site has been created to accompany Sacred, a groundbreaking British Library exhibition that has brought together some of the world's most important and beautiful Jewish, Christian and Islamic texts.
Investigate the Abrahamic scriptures by posing questions to faith leaders, educators, young people, theologians and a philosopher. The activity reminds us that the meanings within the texts are complex and endlessly fascinating.
Open the books in this beautiful interactive to explore twelve stories from six different religions. All twelve stories have been animated using images from the British Librarys collection.


text:
An attempt by the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) to lure more Filipino visitors with a video campaign has ended in acute embarrassment.
The two-minute clip was published earlier this month, but with its terrible dubbing, ear-numbing soundtrack and ludicrous script, it was widely ridiculed on social media websites, prompting its removal from STB's Facebook page and YouTube channel, with a spokesman adding it "was not resonating well with audiences".
And no wonder. The video, which follows a grinning couple as they celebrate their anniversary in Singapore, packs more cheese than a bottomless fondue.
"Honey! Look," squeals the female star, on more than one occasion. Along with air-headed lines like "Oh! Let's go there." and "Wow! Amazing."
The coup de grace comes with a surprise present for her husband, a pregnancy test displaying a positive result, presented in a jewellery box. Brilliant.
More tourism blunders
Tunisia "in ruins"
Following the revolution of 2011, the Tunisian tourist board tried to reassure tourists about the safety of the country with a highly questionable campaign.
Slogans included "They say that in Tunisia, some people receive heavy-handed treatment", next to a photo of a woman receiving a massage in a spa, and "They say Tunisia is nothing but ruins," next to a Roman archaeological site.
Suffolk: the "curious county"
A plan to promote Suffolk as the "curious county" came in for fierce criticism from local MPs in 2012. ""There is nothing curious about what we have to offer," he said. "This slogan is idiotic and meaningless."
The 'Nazi' ferry firm
A Scottish ferry company came under fire last year over its new logo, which has been described as containing "Nazi symbolism". Serco NorthLink launched a marketing campaign earlier this year centred around the fictional character Magnus the Viking, who it says represents "dynamism, power and pride"
Maldives: the "sunny side of life"
An attempt in 2012 by tourism authorities in the Maldives to harness the power of social media backfired after pro-democracy campaigners hijacked its Twitter hashtag. #sunnysideoflife was used by hundreds to highlight alleged human rights abuses carried out by the current government.
Hong Kong horror
This effort from Hong Kong turned out to be very prescient. There was a SARS outbreak shortly after it was used.


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Two more poems and then I'm caught up for good, huzzah! The numbering on this year's NaPoWriMo is shot to hell and back, but heck with it - I'm determined to finish the month out with the necessary number of poems. It's a form of masochism, but as Calvin's father says, 'It builds character.'
#22: Tulips at the Brooklyn Botanical Gardens
Prompt: Write a poem to celebrate Earth Day, or anything in nature
Flounces, ruffles, extravagant bells
All the accoutrements of a lady's ballgown
Inverted like fine eggshell china cups
Delicately balanced on slim green stalks.
The profusion of colours is staggering:
Palest pastel shades, deep robust tones
Some feathered through with pink, flame and celadon
Others vermillion and crimson streaked
With elegant black-and-yellow stamen'd centers.
Little wonder that once, these beauties
Were lauded beyond kings, prized beyond gold -
Fields of living jewels, carpeting the earth
Treasures carved by no living hand, touched
By the breath of God.
Thursday, April 28, 2016
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This is where I am in my life both, professionally and personally!
I love this song, and it reminds me that it's okay to come out of my comfort zone. It's okay to be challenged, and allow even the most intimidating person to know me. I am stumbling forward, but at least I am moving, again! I have been stagnant for a few years now, and it has been long past time for me to reintroduce myself to the world. I have dreams, professionally that I want to see come to fruition. So, now I will move out of my way, and allow God to challenge me, while coming out into my destiny.


text:
Come on, experience it…
Discover the Richmond Valley, the Valley of Surprises!
For detailed information about accommodation, attractions and events in the Valley of Surprises, please visit the official Richmond Valley Tourism website:
From the business hub of Casino to the rich history of Coraki, from the pristine waters of Evans Head to the river gateway of Woodburn, the townships of the Richmond Valley are bursting with hidden secrets and country hospitality. Relax and take in the fresh air, magnificent scenery and friendliness of the people on your next visit to the Valley of Surprises.
Great Ideas for Travel Planning in the Richmond Valley
The Richmond Valley is lucky to boast magnificent scenery and lush tropical rainforests, ideal for country drives, camping and bird-watching. To view suggested driving itineraries and learn of the many activities available in this special part of the Northern Rivers, visit 'The Rainforest Way' website.
A popular travelling route for those seeking an alternative route between Queensland and Coffs Harbour via the Richmond Valley is the Summerland Way. Visit the Summerland Way website packed with local sightseeing, historical points of interest and magnificent lookouts for your next journey.
Pop into a Visitor Centre for More Hidden Secrets...
Wherever you are in the Richmond Valley, expert tourism information is available nearby at our many Visitor Information Centres. Pop into your nearest Centre today to get local knowledge not available on the internet.


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With the end of the Cold War, many nations have set about cutting their miliatry spending, and visions of a large 'peace dividend' have emerged. Yet, even today, the arms race remains one of the major problems of humankind, and one of the most unproductive.
This book charts a middle course between extravagant claims about the improvements in welfare, development and enviroment to be funded by the peace dividend, and the dire assessments of how militarized economies will collapse as a result of disamament, spiced with warnings that the peace dividend may allready be squandered.
Based on a decade of studies, many caried out for the United Nations and its specialized agencies, this book breaks new ground in applying comprehensive models to examine the economic and enviromental effect of disarmament at the global, national and local levels, with a primary focus on Norway. The authors also review the international literature on disarmament and conversion. Their findings are cautiously optimistic and of general relevance to all developed countries. The most important dividend of disarmament is peace itself, but some economic gains may also be achieved.
The Wages Of Peace is the most detailed examination to date of the economic effects of conversion for any country and will be of interest to those working in the field of international economics, peace studies and international studies.
Research Professor
The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) conducts research on the conditions for peaceful relations between states, groups and people.


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Weigand, Timo
I am currently working as a Longterm Fellow at CERN, on leave from ITP at Heidelberg University. My main research interests lie in the physics and mathematics of string and M-theory and its compactifications. This includes the rich and beautiful interplay between geometry and (non-perturbative) Quantum Field Theory via string compactifications such as F-theory as well as connections between string theory and particle physics or cosmology of the real world.
01-JAN-17 to 31-DEC-21
Fields of Interest:
Beyond the Standard Model Phenomenology
Mathematical Physics
Quantum Field Theory
String Theory


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William Carlos Williams (17 September 1883 – 4 March 1963) was a poet and American novelist, high representative of modernism and the Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner, the occupations that may have influenced the choice of subjects of his poetry.
His biographer Linda Wagner-Martin also notes that "he also worked hard to become a writer as he did in his medical profession."
Among his attempts in poetry The Red Wheelbarrow, a poem about a girl convalescing after a severe illness, is the poem often featured in poetry anthologies, usually as an example of the Imagist movement style and principles. However, Williams, like his associate Ezra Pound, had long rejected the Imagist movement when the poem was published in the collection Spring and All in 1923.
Visit this page to get a custom research paper on William Carlos Williams!
Williams was close to the American modernist movement, and saw his poetic project as proper to the United States; he also sought to renew the language with the language born in the culturally diverse society of America, while freeing himself from the vocabulary he considered worn in the British style and European culture.
Students, seeking to prepare a proper William Carlos Williams research paper, should know that his significant contribution was the welcome he reserved for young poets, acting as a mentor to them. While Eliot and Pound were praised in their lifetime, many poets of later generations personally followed Williams as an example or recognized to be under a considerable influence. Williams personally guided Charles Olson playing a pivotal role in the development of poetry at Black Mountain College. Denise Levertov and Robert Creeley were also members of this group, were tutored by Williams.
During the First World War, when many European artists settle in New York, Williams became friends with many members of the avant-garde, such as Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, and Man Ray. In 1915 Williams began his participation in a New York group of artists and writers called "The Other." Through this organization, Williams came into contact with Dada, which explains the influence of Dada and surreal principles on his first poems. His involvement with The Other made Williams a key figure of early modernism in America.
Williams rejected the common conventional loans from classic cultures and foreign authors made ??by Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot. He preferred to create his poems from what he called "local." In his poem Paterson (published between 1946 and 1958) on the history, population, and essence of Paterson, he questions the role of the poet in American society.
He wanted poets abandon the old poetic forms and unnecessary poetic references, trying to describe the world as it is, with appropriate vocabulary. Marianne Moore, also critical of the traditional forms of poetry, wrote that Williams used a "common American language that even cats and dogs could read," with an American language distinct of English.
William Carlos Williams research paper can be helpful when writing your first research proposal on the topic.
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text: Many ports are not located in the city centre, therefore in some ports we will provide shuttle buses for a nominal fee into the town. This service is set up to complement local transport and guests are welcome to use local services when/where available. Details of which ports will have a shuttle service and the relevant costs will be provided on board the ship.


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After two consecutive years of double-digit homeruns, Michael Morse of the Washington Nationals became a household name–at least in houses that participate in fantasy baseball. In just 266 plate appearances last season, Morse owned a .289/.352/.519 line with 15 homeruns, 41 RBI, and 36 runs. When the Nationals lost Adam Dunn to free-agency and Adam LaRoche to injury, Morse grabbed hold of the first base gig, and has swung to the tune of a .314/.365/.545 line with 17 homeruns, 59 RBI, and 47 runs. Teams are always looking for that player who (like Morse), if given the right chance, could provide a surprising level of production. We've seen Jayson Werth, Jose Bautista, and recently Michael Morse in the past few seasons–but it's possible Brent Lillibridge could join their ranks soon.
Lillibridge was originally drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the fourth round of the 2005 draft. The oft-infielder raised some eyebrows when he posted a .305/.4189/.480 line with 13 homeruns, 71 RBI, 106 runs, and 53 stolen bases in 2006 for various levels of Single-A. Due to his superb campaign, Baseball America tabbed Lillibridge as the #93 prospect in baseball. The Atlanta Braves took notice too. In 2007, the Pirates sent Lillibridge along with Mike Gonzalez to the Braves in exchange for Adam LaRoche and Jamie Romak.
Now at Double/Triple-A, Lillibridge couldn't quite duplicate his Single-A heroics, but still owned a very encouraging .282/.341/.417 line with 13 homeruns, 58 RBI, 78 runs, and 42 stolen bases. However, whatever inkling of promise Lillibridge possessed from 2006 to 2007 was immediately revoked after his abysmal 2008 season. Lillibridge posted a horrendous .220/.294/.344 line with just 4 homeruns, 39 RBI, 46 runs, and 23 stolen bases in Triple-A. Despite the poor showing, the Braves still promoted the utility man to the Major Leagues, where he offered a forgettable .200/.238/.388 line.
The following season, Lillibridge was packaged with Tyler Flowers, Jon Gilmore, and Santos Rodriguez to the Chicago White Sox for Javier Vazquez and Boone Logan. Lillibridge travled between Triple-A and the bigs in both 2009 and 2010, not experiencing success in either environment. In 2009 and 2010 combined, Lillibridge owned barely employable .192/.261/.280 line in 213 big league plate appearances. The "can't miss" power/speed combination he displayed early-on in the Minor Leagues had seemingly evaporated.
Then 2011 happened. Out of nowhere, Lillibridge has so far enjoyed his finest season at age 27. The now-outfielder has posted a .254/.338/.462 line with 7 homeruns, 15 RBI, 24 runs, and 10 stolen bases in 152 plate appearances. It might be a small sample size, but the former-top prospects's .462 SLG ranks within the top 20 for slugging among American League outfielders, besting the likes of Josh Willingham, Jason Kubel, Nick Swisher, Luke Scott, B.J. Upton, Nick Markakis, Vernon Wells, Denard Span, Brett Gardner, Torii Hunter, Bobby Abreu, Shin-Soo Choo, Delmon Young, Carl Crawford, and many other big names. Lillibridge's .317 BABIP isn't at an unsustainable level, and his 15.6% HR/FB illustrates the amount of pop he's been displaying. In addition, Lillibridge's offensive contribution isn't the only aspect of his heightened value. The bench player has owned a great 5.7 UZR/150 in the outfield, with the corners being his strongest suit (30.9 UZR/150 in left-field and 4.4 UZR/150 in right-field).
There are a few red flags for Lillibridge, however. The outfielder owns a very high 27.6 K% (42 strikeouts in just 152 plate appearances), and doesn't walk nearly as much as some would like (7.2 BB%). Also, Lillibridge goes fishing at a rate of 36.9%, while only making contact with 57.3% of the non-strikes he swings at. But then again, no one is claiming Lillibridge is the next Albert Pujols, just the next Michael Morse. In 2010, Morse posted similar peripherals, like a 19.5% HR/FB, .330 BABIP, 21.8 K%, 7.5 BB%, and 36.5 O-Swing% (swings out of the strike zone) with a 63.7 O-Contact% (contact rate of non-strikes). The one piece of common ground the two hitters do not share, to Lillibridge's advantage, is that Morse is a terrible fielder (career -13.7 UZR/150 in the outfield).
With Juan Pierre due to be a free agent after the season, the White Sox could conceivably hand Brent Lillibridge the starting left-field job. 152 plate appearances is a small sample size to hope for greatness, but based on Lillibridge's early Minor League track record, and his encouraging 2011 stats, the former cast-off might have some surprisingly productive seasons ahead of him.
Any statistical and salary information taken from Baseball Reference, Fan Graphs, and Cot's Baseball Contracts.


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Recent horror films tend to bore me. Most of them seem so less sophisticated, as if they were made for children; the morality is so clear, and every victim has to be punished for something. But there are a few worth your time. The Descent begins as a claustrophobic horror about spelunkers trapped in a cave, then pulls a switcheroo and gets nice and scary; Dead Silence is rather straightforward horror but works pretty well. And now this year's The Ruins, which sadly fell from theaters rather swiftly, sets up an eerie, imaginative premise and follows it through to the inevitable, bloody conclusion quite well.
Much like my other favorite, Open Water, we begin with average Americans on vacation. Here they are in Mexico, lazing on the beach, when a German friend suggests they go visit a little-seen pyramid in the jungle. Now who wouldn't want to go see ancient ruins of a lost culture? That's more interesting to me than beautiful beaches, which can be had in many parts of the world. So they pile into Jeeps and head for the ruins. Also like Open Water, we are introduced to our victims through personal conversations in their hotel rooms, where they behave like they're really on vacation and not on a Hollywood set. None of that L-shaped sheet crap here.
They quickly arrive at the pyramid, which isn't as remote as it seems. It stands alone in a clearing, overgrown with vines and not particularly hidden or forbidding. But when they approach it, looking for the friends who went there first, armed men come out of the jungle shouting angrily in a foreign language; not Spanish, either. They can't understand them, and when they approach after having climbed the ivied steps of the ziggurat, the men attack them. Our friends flee to the top of the structure and hide out, surrounded by men with bows, guns and machetes, and no apparent escape, except within the pyramid.
Now that wouldn't be very interesting, we've seen plenty of "plucky American defeats armed, evil foreigner" movies; Hostel wasn't that bad, if you get past the idiotic parts where they try to make the gore extreme. In this one, we slowly begin to learn why the Indians who live in the jungle nearby are freaky about this place, and guard it. In the patches of vines infesting the area, they soon find the dessicated remains of one of their brethren- and assume he was killed by the armed men. But why is he covered in vines? To hide the body? Of course, the answer is much more sinister, and while the premise sounds ridiculous on paper, it plays out quite creepily in the movie. And that's not a pun on creeping vines, though it could be.
It's a horror movie staple to put several people in a situation where their fate is sealed, and watch how they deal with it. Can they escape? We've things similar to this in Creepshow 2, in the sequence titled "The Raft." Based on a Stephen King story, a bunch of teenagers swim out to skinny dip from a raft in a lake, only to find something in the water… this is sort of a mix between that, and The Woods, another decent horror movie by Lucky McKee that involved sinister shrubbery. While that movie was good fun, set at a New England boarding school, this one is a lot more horrifying. We soon learn that the natives have good reason to keep people away from the pyramid. The reveals are done slowly, and the language barrier is put to full effect. The tourists think they are being warned from one thing, when it is actually another; though when the armed men kill one of their own, lights begin to go off. The film is certainly gory in parts and there is a lot of disturbing imagery when they realize what the place's curse really is.
The characters stand out just enough, and behave believably, always a plus in the horror genre. No one will panic and go running into traps. The dire nature of their situation will weigh heavily on their minds, and when someone goes unhinged, I could really sympathize. The mood of dread is absolute, and when they do formulate a plan for escape, it is a desperate last measure. The Ruins is not a classic or a masterpiece, but it does craft the right mood for a horror movie. The "monster," as it were, could be ridiculous if the tone wasn't right. There's one scene that reminded me of The Chuckle Patch from "The Magic Garden," but the rest of the time, I was rooted to my seat. The ending is typical, but getting there is a lot of fun. I'm told the book is a lot better, and I'll be picking it up.


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Dealbook's Susanne Craig has a piece today about Goldman Sachs president/COO Gary Cohn calling him the "Prince Charles of Wall Street" because sources say he's growing restless waiting for Lloyd Blankfein to move aside so he can be CEO (a.k.a. the king).
So Mr. Blankfein has regrown a beard and come to embrace the limelight, giving speeches on gay marriage and education, and attending celebrity Oscar parties. He often jokes that he plans to die at his desk.
It is no laughing matter for Mr. Cohn, who as Goldman's 52-year-old president is the Prince Charles of Wall Street, a man for whom the crown seems just beyond his grasp. Mr. Cohn is growing increasingly restless, according to friends and colleagues. Some inside Goldman wonder if he will depart if Mr. Blankfein doesn't move soon. That would throw a monkey wrench into Goldman's succession plans, leaving the firm without a natural candidate ready to replace Mr. Blankfein.
During a livestream event in Washington D.C. this morning hosted by Politico, Blankfein dismissed the Dealbook piece as "gossipy."
He said that the firm's senior leadership has been together for a long time and is "very stable."
"Somebody who was assigned to Goldman Sachs didn't have anything good enough to write for a while," he said [via @williamalden]
The Dealbook piece also suggested that Blankfein might go the route of taking on a public service role like other former Goldman execs who have gone into government service following their reign at the investment banking giant.
"Don't use their assertions as if it were fact," Blankfein said.
"There's a long tradition of Goldman Sachs people going into public service. It's something...after you do this job it's not like you're going to go to another job in finance. Why would you do that? You can serve the public in philanthropy or government. I really don't think about it. You don't spend a lot of time thinking of your next position, when you are in such a consuming job...People think of it on behalf of me. I don't think about it."
Get the latest Goldman Sachs stock price here.


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Adhikari Awas Yojna
Even though everyone desires to be a government officer the job includes a lot of sacrifices and hardships. Keeping the sacrifice and struggle in mind, Revanta CGHS group brings forth its new project to felicitate the government employess, the AdhikariAwasYojna. It is being constructed to provide the government adhikari's with their dream home. Adhikari Awas Yojna by Revanta CGHS group and is a housing project which focuses on providing the dream homes to the government officers at affordable prices. The prices of residential prosperities are kept high so that it fits in the budget of all the government employee and they are not forced to settle in other cities or return to their.
The prices of residential properties are kept high so that it fits in the budget of all the government employee and they are not forced to settle in other cities or return to their hometowns. The new township has various apartments of different areas. It has proper healthcare and educational facilities.
The AwasYojna 2017 has various recreational facilities. In terms of location, it is situated in the most sort after location of L-zone Dwarka. It is located near Asia's biggest golf course developed by DDA. At Awas Yojna Delhi all the facilities like security, affordability, electricity, parking, common area maintenance and other amenities are provided 24/7 without any hindrance to ensure 100% comfort to all its residents. To keep the comfort intact 24/7 the housing society will have the availability of plumbers and electricians. All this does not add up to the price of your dream home. Rather all the houses are prized economically to keep them affordable for everyone.


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1 Short Title
2 Confirming dealings
3 Vesting in Crown
4 Commissioners appointed
5 Crown awards
6 Crown exchanges
7 Maori awards
8 Operation of orders
9 Exchanging Crown land
10 Payment in cash or debentures
11 Outside lands affected
12 Appointment of trustee for person under disability
13 Scheme may be modified
14 Amendment after orders made
15 Orders to be final
16 Rates deferred
17 Crown to survey
18 Transfer of powers to Court
19 Operation of past orders
20 Repeals
Schedule 1
Schedule 2
An Act to facilitate the Settlement of the Lands in the Urewera District.
WHEREAS the Maori lands within the district referred to in Schedule 1 to this Act have for a number of years been under special administration, and it is now desirable to apply the ordinary law thereto: And whereas during such administration the Crown, pursuant to powers in that behalf, has purported to deal with certain portions of the said lands, and arrangements have been entered into between representatives of the Crown and of the Maoris interested in such lands for the consolidation and location of interests in such lands and in certain lands outside such district, and it is desirable that such arrangements should be carried into effect:
The reference to "Maori" was substituted, as from 27 November 1947, for a reference to "Native" pursuant to section 2(2) Maori Purposes Act 1947 (1947 No 59).
BE IT THEREFORE ENACTED by the General Assembly of New Zealand in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—
This Act may be cited as the Urewera Lands Act 1921-22.
All purchases of land purporting to have been made by the Crown within the district mentioned in Schedule 1 hereto shall, subject as hereinafter mentioned, be deemed to have been valid and effective, and the general committee and the individual Maoris concerned shall be deemed to have been duly authorized to execute all transfers and other instruments for the purposes of completing any such purchase. Any transaction so entered into in good faith shall be sufficient authority for making orders in favour of the Crown as hereinafter mentioned.
Upon any such order being made the land to which the order relates shall, subject to the terms of the order, absolutely vest in His Majesty the King free from all right, title, estate, or interests (whether customary or otherwise) of the Maoris interested in such land, and such land may thereupon be proclaimed to be Crown land in the same manner and with the same effect as if it had been Maori freehold land acquired by the Crown under the authority of the Maori Land Act 1909, and its amendments.
(1) For the purpose of carrying into effect the scheme of consolidation referred to in parliamentary paper G-7, 1921 (hereinafter called the said scheme), with regard to the lands within the district comprised in Schedule 1 hereto and such other lands as may be affected, the Governor-General shall appoint two Commissioners, to be known as the Urewera Consolidation Commissioners (hereinafter called the Commissioners).
(2) If for any reason either of the said Commissioners shall be unable or unwilling or shall neglect to act, the Maori Minister may appoint a deputy, being an officer in the service of the Crown, to act in the place of such Commissioner; and, while the appointment remains unrevoked, the deputy so appointed shall have and may exercise all the powers and functions of the Commissioner whose deputy he is.
(3) The fact of a person appointed as aforesaid acting as a deputy shall be conclusive proof of his authority so to act, and no appointment of such deputy shall be questioned on the ground that the occasion for making the same may not have arisen or had ceased, or that the Commissioner whose deputy he is may be deceased, nor shall the authority or act of any Commissioner be questioned in any proceedings on the ground that a deputy of that Commissioner was in office at the time when that authority was exercised or that act was done.
(4) If any difference shall arise between the Commissioners the matter in dispute may be referred to the Chief Judge of the Maori Land Court, whose ruling shall be binding on the Commissioners.
(5) It shall not be necessary for the Commissioners while acting under this Act to hold formal sittings or act judicially in any matter.
(1) The Commissioners shall with all convenient speed proceed to inquire as to what interests in the said lands are alleged to have been sold to the Crown, and shall for that purpose have power to inquire into any objections to such sales that do not arise from any alleged defect in the title or power to sell. The Commissioners shall allot to the Crown portions of the lands in accordance with the said scheme, including in such allotment land to the value of forty thousand dollars given by the Maoris for roading purposes and a further area of land to represent the probable cost of surveys of Maoris portions, and shall make one or more orders defining the Crown's interest and allotting to His Majesty the King the area to which it is found the Crown is entitled, whether it represents the block or blocks referred to in the instruments of alienation or not.
(2) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this section, the Commissioners shall be the sole judges of the location and boundaries of the portions so awarded to the Crown, but shall, in fixing any boundary, consult so far as practicable the wishes and convenience of the Maoris.
(3) The Commissioners may include in any such order such portion of the Waikaremoana Block mentioned in paragraph 12 of the said scheme as they deem fit in accordance with the scheme, although no instrument of alienation to the Crown may have been executed by the Maoris affected or interested.
The reference to "forty thousand dollars" was substituted, as from 10 July 1967, for a reference to "twenty thousand pounds" pursuant to section 7(1) Decimal Currency Act 1964 (1964 No 27).
"forty thousand dollars"
"twenty thousand pounds"
Where the land to be awarded to the Crown is land not situate within the district set out in Schedule 1 the Commissioners shall make an order vesting such land in His Majesty the King by way of exchange, and thereupon the land shall vest and all proceedings shall be taken as if it were an order for exchange in favour of the Crown made by the Court under the Maori Land Act 1909.
(1) After providing for the portion of land to be allotted to the Crown, the Commissioners shall make and issue orders, as near as may be in accordance with the said scheme, with respect to the balance of the land in the district described in Schedule 1 hereto and affected by the scheme, and shall allot to persons to be named in such orders the portions to which they are entitled after making adjustments for the area taken for roads and surveys.
(2) The allotment may be of any land within the district mentioned in Schedule 1, notwithstanding that it may not be the portion originally intended to be awarded to such persons or not.
(3) The Commissioners shall fix the boundaries of the land contained in each such order, and may give to the respective blocks such names as they think fit irrespective of the original names of such blocks.
(4) The Commissioners are authorized to ascertain, so far as possible, if any of the persons whose names appear on the lists attached to the said scheme are deceased, and in such cases to substitute, when practicable, the names of living successors in the shares to which they would be entitled. The fact that the name of any person that is deceased remains in any order shall not invalidate it, but the interest of such deceased person shall enure for the benefit of such persons as would be entitled to succeed on the intestacy of such person if he had died immediately after the order takes effect.
(1) Any order made as aforesaid shall be drawn up in duplicate and dated as of the day of the making thereof.
(2) The order as so drawn up shall have endorsed thereon or annexed thereto a plan sufficient for the purposes of the Land Transfer Act 1915, or a compiled plan certified by the Chief Surveyor as sufficiently accurate for the purpose and shall be authenticated by the signature of at least one Commissioner, and countersigned by the Chief Judge of the Maori Land Court, and sealed with the seal of that Court.
(3) The order as so drawn up and perfected shall relate back to the day of the date thereof, and be deemed, subject to subsection four hereof, to have taken effect in all respects according to the tenor thereof as from the commencement of that day, and the validity and operation of all intermediate orders, instruments, proceedings, and transactions shall be determined accordingly.
(4) Until the order is drawn up and perfected, the date of which shall be noted after the Chief Judge's countersignature, no Maori beneficially interested thereunder shall be capable of making any alienation (except by will) of his beneficial interest, except to the Crown.
(5) Any order made as aforesaid shall have the effect of vesting the land comprised in it in the persons named therein for an estate of fee-simple in possession, and, if there are more than one, as tenants in common. A duplicate of such order or a copy thereof certified by the Chief Judge may be forwarded to the District Land Registrar, who shall embody the order in the provisional register. No warrant other than this Act shall be necessary for the issue of a certificate of title, but the District Land Registrar may, at his discretion, retain the title on the provisional register so long as the number of owners named in such title exceeds ten.
(6) All land comprised in any order as aforesaid, other than an order made in favour of the Crown, shall be deemed to be Maori freehold land within the meaning of the Maori Land Act 1909.
(7) All orders made under the authority of this Act shall be forwarded to the Registrar of the Maori Land Court of the district wherein the land affected is situated, by whom they shall be recorded, and when perfected such orders shall be deemed to be and be treated as orders of the Maori Land Court made in its ordinary jurisdiction, and shall take effect accordingly.
Subsection (2) was amended, as from 29 August 1923, by section 10(1) Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1923 (1923 No 32), by inserting after the words "Land Transfer Act 1915" the words "or a compiled plan certified by the Chief Surveyor as sufficiently accurate for the purpose."
"Land Transfer Act 1915"
"or a compiled plan certified by the Chief Surveyor as sufficiently accurate for the purpose."
(1) If the Commissioners in the course of any proceedings or inquiry deem it necessary or expedient for the purpose of consolidating interests as referred to in the said scheme to deal with Crown lands situate outside the district referred to in Schedule 1, they shall certify to the Minister of Lands that in their opinion the Maoris mentioned in such certificate are entitled or ought to have vested in them the Crown lands or portions of or interests in Crown lands therein named, and the Governor-General may, by Warrant under his hand, direct the District Land Registrar to issue a certificate of title in lieu of grant to the persons named in such Warrant for any such land accordingly. No assurance or other fees shall be payable in respect of the issue of such title. All lands so granted shall be deemed to be Maori freehold land, and a memorial to that effect shall be endorsed on any certificate of title issued in accordance with such Warrant.
(2) The Minister of Lands is hereby authorized, out of any fund available for the purchase or acquisition of Maori land, to acquire on behalf of the Crown from Europeans or others any land that may be necessary to give effect to the said scheme, which land may be treated as if it were land already owned by the Crown, and may, subject to the foregoing provisions of this section, be awarded by the Commissioners to Maoris, and titles therefor issued accordingly.
(3) The Commissioners may, subject to the approval of the Minister of Lands, vest any portion of land vested in His Majesty, and notwithstanding such land may form part of any reserve, in any Maori whom the Commissioners find entitled thereto, and no warrant other than this Act shall be necessary for the issue of a certificate of title therefor.
Subsection (3) was inserted, as from 29 August 1923, by section 10(2) Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1923 (1923 No 32).
(1) If the Commissioners find that any sum of money ought in equity to be paid to any person in connection with the consolidation or exchanges required to carry out the said scheme, the Commissioners, under the hand of at least one of them, shall certify to the Minister of Lands the respective sum and the person to whom it is to be paid. The Minister of Finance may from time to time, without further appropriation than this Act, pay all such moneys as are so certified out of any funds that may be available under any Act for the purchase or acquisition of Maori lands.
(2) If instead of payment in cash the Commissioners think that the amount of any payment required for the purposes of the said scheme should be paid in debentures they shall certify accordingly, and shall in such certificate specify the amount of the debentures required and the names of the proposed beneficial owners thereof. The Minister of Finance may thereupon issue debentures accordingly to the Maori Trustee, who shall hold the same on behalf of the beneficiaries so certified to be entitled thereto.
(3) Any money payable under this section and the money or investment represented by the debentures issued as aforesaid shall, until payment or maturity, be deemed to be a trust fund within the meaning of section four hundred and twenty-four of the Maori Land Act 1909, as if the money or investment was in the hands of the Maori Trustee, and all the provisions of that section shall apply accordingly.
(1) If the Commissioners in carrying out the said scheme think it necessary or expedient to deal with or affect lands owned by Maoris, whether such lands are situate within or outside the district referred to in Schedule 1, they may make and issue orders by way of exchange vesting the interests of the owners referred to either in the Crown or in any other persons. The provisions of section eight hereof, as to making and perfecting of orders, shall apply thereto, except that a plan shall not be necessary; and, when perfected, such order shall take effect and may be registered as if it were an order of exchange made by the Court under the Maori Land Act 1909.
(2) If, instead of going through the formality of making an exchange order, the Commissioners think the title affected might be more conveniently dealt with by way of amendment, they may certify to the Chief Judge what amendment in their opinion is necessary, and the Chief Judge, on being satisfied that the amendment is one that may properly be made, is hereby authorized to make such amendment. The provisions of section twenty-seven of the Maori Land Act 1909 (as to the effect and recording of such amendment), shall apply to any amendment so made.
If any person found by the Commissioners to be entitled to any land, money, or debentures is a person under disability, the Commissioners may make an order appointing a trustee or trustees for such person, and any order so made shall be countersigned by a Judge of the Maori Land Court, and shall have the same effect as an order of the Court under Part 10 of the Maori Land Act 1909, and may be dealt with and registered accordingly.
While observing generally the terms of the said scheme, the Commissioners may make such alterations in the details thereof as may, in their opinion, be necessary for giving effect to the general purpose and intent of the scheme.
Where by reason of any mistake of law or of fact, or of any error or omission, the Commissioners by their order have in effect done or left undone anything which they did not actually intend to do or leave undone, or would not, but for such mistake, error, or omission, have done or left undone, the Chief Judge of the Maori Land Court may at any time (whether the title is in the District Land Registry or not) make such order in the matter for the purpose of remedying the same or the effect thereof as the nature of the case may require, and may, when he deems it necessary, vary or annul the actual or intended decision of the Commissioners, but no such amendment shall prejudicially affect the rights of any person claiming bona fide under any lawful alienation.
Subject to the powers of amendment set forth in the last preceding section, all orders made by the Commissioners shall be final and conclusive, and there shall be no appeal therefrom.
The land within the district described in Schedule 1 shall, so far as it is not awarded to the Crown, be deemed to be excepted from the term rateable property as defined by the Rating Powers Act 1988, unless and until a notice is signed by the Maori Minister and published in the Gazette that the land named therein shall cease to be so excepted. Such notification shall not be made with respect to any area of land until the expiry of at least twelve months after the order relating thereto shall have been countersigned by the Chief Judge. It shall not be necessary to wait such period in the case of the lands known as Ruatoki 1, 2, and 3 Blocks.
Section 16 was amended, as from 31 October 1922, by section 43(3) Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1922 (1922 No 48), by inserting the words "It shall not be necessary to wait such period in the case of the lands known as Ruatoki 1, 2, and 3 Blocks."
"It shall not be necessary to wait such period in the case of the lands known as Ruatoki 1, 2, and 3 Blocks."
The Rating Act 1908 (1908 No 163) was substituted, as from 1 October 1925, by a reference to the Rating Act 1925, pursuant to section 120 Rating Act 1925 (1925 No 30). That reference was in turn substituted, as from 1 April 1968, by a reference to the Rating Act 1967 pursuant to section 177(1) Rating Act 1967 (1967 No 123). That reference was in turn substituted, as from 28 June 1988, by a reference to the Rating Powers Act 1988 pursuant to section 209(1) Rating Powers Act 1988 (1988 No 97).
The Crown shall, on the requisition of any Commissioner or of a Judge of the Maori Land Court, undertake all surveys required for the completion of any order under this Act. Any requisition heretofore made in anticipation of this Act coming into force shall be deemed to have been made under this Act. Any plan prepared may be approved by a Commissioner or Judge, and the provisions of Part 21 of the Maori Land Act 1909, shall apply in all other respects as if the requisition for survey had been made under that Act. Where the Commissioners think it expedient they may authorize any surveyor to undertake a survey required for the purposes of this Act.
Section 17 was amended, as from 29 August 1923, by section 10(3) Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1923 (1923 No 32), by adding the words "Where the Commissioners think it expedient they may authorise any surveyor to undertake a survey required for the purposes of this Act."
"Where the Commissioners think it expedient they may authorise any surveyor to undertake a survey required for the purposes of this Act."
The Governor-General, if he deems it expedient, may by Order in Council appoint the Maori Land Court to exercise the duties or powers conferred on the said Commissioners, and thereupon any Judge of the Maori Land Court may exercise all the powers, functions, and authorities of both Commissioners conferred on them by this Act, with power to adopt any act, matter, or decision of the Commissioners as if it were his own, and to make and complete any order accordingly.
(1) Any order purporting to be made under the provision or authority of the Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896, may be countersigned by the Chief Judge, and may thereupon be recorded and shall take effect as an order on investigation of title or a freehold order under the Maori Land Acts, as the case may require, and may be dealt with and registered accordingly.
(2) Any partition, succession, or exchange orders under the said Act, so far as they are not superseded by orders under this Act, shall be deemed to be valid and within the jurisdiction of the Maori Land Court, notwithstanding any defect in the original order, or the exercise of the Court's jurisdiction, or that any portion of the land included in them may not have been investigated under the Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896, or its amendments, and any such order shall have effect and may be dealt with and registered accordingly.
(3) Any land within the said district not affected by orders under this Act, or by any order as in this section mentioned, may be dealt with as customary land within the ordinary jurisdiction of the Maori Land Court.
(4) The Chief Judge may, on the application of any of the parties interested, exercise with respect to any orders purporting to have been made under the said Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896, the same powers of amendment as are conferred on him by section fourteen hereof with respect to orders made by the Commissioners, but there shall be no appeal against the Chief Judge's exercise or refusal to exercise such powers.
The Acts or portions of Acts referred to in Schedule 2 hereto are hereby repealed.
ALL that area in the Auckland and Hawke's Bay Land Districts, containing by admeasurement 656,000 acres, more or less: bounded towards the north by the Confiscation Boundary-line; towards the east generally by the Waimana and Tahora No 2 Blocks; towards the south-east by the Waipaoa Block, the Waikaremoana Lake, by forest reserve, educational reserve, Block V, Waiau Survey District, and Section No 1, Block VIII, Mangahopai Survey District; towards the south-west by the Waiau River to the northernmost corner of Maungataniwha Block, thence by a right line to the trig station on Maungataniwha, and thence by Heruiwi No 4 Block; and towards the west generally by Whirinaki, Kuhawaea No 1, Waiohau Nos 1B, 1A, and 2, and Tuararangaia Blocks to the Confiscation Boundary-line at Tapapa-Kiekie.
1896, No 27.—The Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896.
1900, No 66.—The Urewera District Maori Reserve Act Amendment Act 1900.
1907, No 76.—The Maori Land Claims Adjustment and Laws Amendment Act 1907: Section 7.
1908, No 253.—The Maori Land Laws Amendment Act 1908: Sections 21 and 22.
1909, No 24.—The Urewera District Maori Reserve Amendment Act 1909.
1910, No 31 (Local).—The Urewera District Maori Reserve Amendment Act 1910.
1911, No 35.—The Maori Land Claims Adjustment Act 1911, section 12.
1913, No 58.—The Maori Land Amendment Act 1913: The words "The Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896", in section 117.
"The Urewera District Maori Reserve Act 1896"
1916, No 12.—The Maori Land Amendment and Maori Land Claims Adjustment Act 1916: Section 4.
Schedule 2, was amended, as from 31 October 1922, by section 43(1) Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1922 (1922 No 48), by subsisting the words "1911, No 35—The Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1911, section 12." for the words "1911, No 35—The Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1911,".
"1911, No 35—The Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1911, section 12."
"1911, No 35—The Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1911,"