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Houghton County
County Commision District 1(1)
Tom Tikkanen (R)-candidate did not respond
Rick Kasprzak (D)-candidate did not respond
County Commission District 2 (1)
Albert Koskela (R) -candidate did not respond
Valorie Troesch (D)
Question 1:Top challenges include (1) reversing many of the errors of the past Board majority, such as restoring good community-minded and forward-thinking people back into Board-appointed positions where they can help lead the County toward a sound, sustainable future; (2) putting in place a process for the Board to evaluate and prioritize competing long-term projects with a vision toward making Houghton County more livable and financially vibrant; two of the most urgent matters include comprehensive recycling and the County jail facility; (3) engaging the citizens of Houghton County to take a greater interest in the workings of the Board of Commissioners and other County agencies other than in time of crisis; (4) determining how the County can meet its underfunded employee pension obligations so current and future retirees will get the benefits promised them without overburdening the taxpayers of Houghton County.
Question 2: First, because I am running as a Democrat and I support the fundamental principles and ideals of the Democratic Party. These include the belief that a great community looks after the least of its members, adopts fair and responsible economic policies, values all its resources including economic, human, environmental, and cultural; supports equal rights and treatment for everyone; and has confidence in and respect for voters to make important decisions about its community. Second, I am honest and responsible with no hidden agenda and no time for backroom politics. Third, I am capable of being an effective Commissioner from day one. I've had multiple challenging careers – practicing law; teaching college classes; writing, administering, and evaluating government and private grant proposals; managing older adult programs; owning a local retail business – over the past decades, and I've taken on each new challenge willingly and successfully. Fourth, I have a demonstrated commitment to the Houghton County community. I've served on numerous non-profit boards (such as Keweenaw Land Trust, Dial-Help, and League of Women Voters of Copper Country). I also served on two township boards – Road Committee and Brownfield Board. I currently volunteer at the local women's shelter and serve as a volunteer mediator for UPCAP. Fifth, I have lived and worked in Houghton County for 20 years – my husband and I moved here because he had lived here years before and always wanted to return. Finally, the people who know me trust me and know that I am a good listener. I will listen to the voters and residents of Houghton County.
County Commission District 5 (1)
Tim Palosaari (R)-candidate did not respond
George M. Rajala (D)-candidate did not respond
Prosecuting attorney (1)
Michael E. Makinen (D)
Question 1: The most important issue facing prosecutors is underfunding criminal justice in all areas. Â For example, crime labs are understaffed. Â Therefore, evidence may not be processed quickly and prosecutions ( particularly drug and computer crimes ) are delayed or sometimes compromised. Â The state is closing prisons to save money putting dangerous parolees on the street and overloading jails. At the same time funding for mental health and other support programs is down. Â Consequently, the primary challenge is maintaining the present level of service despite an overall decrease in state support.
The secondary challenge is to be proactive to meet changing requirements imposed on counties by the state and federal governments. Â New requirements are coming relating to indigent defense, younger offenders, electronic filing/computer usage. Â These changes will or may require training/staff flexibility, funding considerations, etc., in order to continue to carry out the duties of the office.
Question 2: In my time in office, I have tried to evaluate all cases on an individual basis with fair consideration to all involved in a timely and efficient manner. The Houghton County Prosecutor's office operates on a budget (and staff) that is roughly 50% less than similar sized counties.  Despite limited funding, the office has averaged 150 felony and 600 misdemeanor prosecutions a year. During my tenure, the prosecutor's office has worked cooperatively with other offices in the courthouse to provide better service to the community.  It has: A. Earned a certificate of achievement in the child support program jointly with the office of the Friend of the Court.  Grant funds received from this program for prosecutorial services has nearly doubled with no increase in staff. B. Worked jointly with the 97th District Court as a member of the Treatment Court team to implement its very successful treatment court. C. Worked with the Chief Judge of the 12th Judicial Circuit  Court to propose and indigent defense plan to meet requirements of recent legislation. The plan is in the process of review for submission to the State. I have been proactive as prosecutor, and the office is prepared to meet upcoming changes that are being mandated by the State.For further information visit www.michaelmakinen.com
Douglas Edwards (NPA)
Question 1: The top challenges I will face in the years ahead if elected, is the same I faced during my 20 years as prosecutor. The top challenge is to hold every criminal defendant accountable for their actions and use the input from the victims in resolving each case. I will continue to treat each victim like a client. My compassion is with victim not the defendant. Other top challenges will be treating each defendant fairly while complying with the U.S. and Michigan Constitution and laws of the state. It never mattered to me if the defendant was rich or poor, well known or unknown, all defendants were treated professionally. Seeking justice has always been my goal.
Question 2: The people of Houghton County should vote for Douglas Edwards on November 8th if they want a Prosecutor who:1) Is the only candidate with 20 years of prosecutorial experience and has multiple murder and criminal sexual conduct convictions. 2) Had an overall conviction rate over 98% without cherry picking cases 3) Is a strong victims right advocate, who has always had time to meet with victims and discuss issues of concern. 4) Has excellent legal training and is an experienced trial lawyer who enjoys criminal trials. 5) Is the only candidate with a Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement degree with a passion to practice criminal law. In summary: Every voter in Houghton County should ask, who do they want support from, should they become a victim? Who do they want representing the State of Michigan and fighting on their behalf for the next four years? IF IN DOUBT, ASK YOUR FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS. Let's have a great turn out this election year. In 2012 almost 10,000 voters did not vote in the general election.
Sheriff (1)
Brian J. McLean (R) -candidate did not respond
Derek J. Poyhonen (D) -candidate did not respond
Chassell Township
Supervisor (1)
Christopher Holmes (R) -candidate did not respond
David O. Mattson (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Elm River Township
Supervisor (1)
John Reynolds (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Joe Siller (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Trustee (2)
Rick Baumler Jr. (NPA) -candidate did not respond
David W. Saari (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Richard Trudgeon (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Franklin Township
Supervisor (1)
Mary Sears (R) -candidate did not respond
Roger Sullivan (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Hancock Township
Trustee (1)
Ronald P. Racine (R) -candidate did not respond
Julianne Haischer (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Ken Moyle (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Laird Township
Clerk (1)
Elaine K.Vassel (D) -candidate did not respond
Carolyn LeClaire (NPA)-candidate did not respond
Osceola Township
Supervisor (1)
Steven Karpiak (R) -candidate did not respond
Rick Greub (D) -candidate did not respond
Trustee (2)
Aaron Janke (R) -candidate did not respond
Donald D. Wareham (D) -candidate did not respond
Bruce J. Beaudoin (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Schoolcraft Township
Trustee (2)
Josh Loukus (R) -candidate did not respond
Kevin Codere (D) -candidate did not respond
Susan C. Marcotte (D) -candidate did not respond
Stanton Township
Supervisor (1)
John V. Botto III (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Marv Heinonen (NPA) -candidate did not respond
David Sakari (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Trustee (2)
Janet Larson (R) -candidate did not respond
Gerald M. Campbell (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Robert Mantta (NPA)-candidate did not respond
Katie Tormala (NPA) -candidate did not respond
Village of Calumet
Trustee – 2 year term (2)
Sidney Dharmavaram
Question 1 & 2: I would like Calumet to function like a Village should.  I would like the council to be presented issues in a timely manner, the community and council members should communicate, and a well-informed decision should be made on the merits.  Presently, I and the community are presented with issues at the last minute. Insiders have already developed the parameters and we are confronted with the choice of accepting their deal or face dire consequences if we delay to consider a community based solution.  I want to implement community-wide action, based upon community-wide input, and eliminate, forever, cronyism from the realm of Calumet's public interest. The tradition of back-room deals and revolving door council/business positions is harmful to the prosperity of Calumet citizens. I would like to have grants for residential and business improvements spread throughout the community. We should adhere vigilantly to the economic concept of the velocity of money. It is far more prosperous to the community to award small grants to many, rather than to a single project or a limited number of expensive projects.Â
For over a decade, the Village infrastructure fund has been raided to support premium snow removal for Calumet business and residential snow removal is barely adequate. Our reputation for premium business snow removal for the business community is essential to Calumet's economic prosperity. However, depletion of the infrastructure fund presents the community with an impending economic disaster. Calumet businesses must be required to fully support business snow removal and the infrastructure fund must be restored to await capital improvements. Â
Mary L. Hunt -candidate did not respond
Sandra Johnson -candidate did not respond
Tyler Ross -candidate did not respond
Trustee – 4 year term (3)
Sharon Abramson -candidate did not respond
Thomas Bowles -candidate did not respond
Richard Buchko -candidate did not respond
Jim Camp -candidate did not respond
Virginia A. Dwyer -candidate did not respond
Clerk (1)
Nathan Anderson -candidate did not respond
Robert P. Tarvis Jr. -candidate did not respond
Village of Lake Linden
Trustee 4-year term (3)
Allan F. Hoffman -candidate did not respond
Jason E. Reese -candidate did not respond
June Schraufnagel -candidate did not respond
David E. Tobias -candidate did not respond
Village of Laurium
Trustee four year term (3)
Bob Erickson
Question 1: The declining tax base and the lost of revenue sharing from the state.It is getting more difficult to provide services to the residents.
Question 2: I feel people should vote for me for the following reasons, I was a member of the Laurium council as a trustee but I had to resign as I moved out of the area.I was a member of the board of review for Torch Lake Township and Breiting Township Board of review in Dickinson County.
I completed 185 credits hours from Michigan Technological University. I took classes in Economics,Accounting and Marketing. I feel I am qualified for the position of trustee To run the Village in a prudent matter based on my experience as a trustee and education, I am there to listen to people and not force my agenda. I will be a good steward of the residents taxes.
Walt Fish
Question 1: Every Village is different, but for me, my primary challenge is to get other trustees to see that we have room for improvement and that we need a forward thinking council to help get us there. My secondary challenge is to help the council see the need for communication (positive) between the residents and the village leaders and staff.
Question 2: I am running for another 4 year term starting November 2016. I thought long and hard before putting my name on the ballot, because it can be discouraging to feel like your beating your head against the wall. I took a look back and reviewed the of the issues I championed, took note of the results, and saw that things have improved. Its important for the residents to know that they have a voice and that thier concerns will be appreciated when brought to the attention of the village employees or council. It's also important that they have someone who will thoughtfully consider every expense, especially those involving large equipment purchases. I have never backed away from asking the hard questions.
Trevor D. Hodges
Question 1: I feel the main issues of our community are the detrition of the village in general, Main Street has a lot of dilapidated buildings, the George Gipp Complex needs attention, and the department of public works equipment is old and has needed to be updated for some time now. Also simple things like sidewalks need to be repaired or fixed, currently the village will not do anything with them. I feel if we work on fixing some of these items we can make Laurium more attractive for people to live in, in doing this homes will sell and the tax base will increase.
Question 2:I think the number one reason people should vote for me is change, I will not settle for the status quo. I am young, energetic and will do whatever I can to make Laurium a better place to live in. Mostly I would like to accomplish things that should have been getting done in the past. For example, the Department of Public Works heavy equipment is mostly out of date. With our hard winters the public works staff needs reliable, up to date equipment to ensure our streets are cleared, they have been doing a great job with old equipment they have. I also would like to see fiscal accountability, I feel that tax dollars should go back into the community, no matter how small the project is.
Loralee Miller
Question 1:The top challenge that will be faced if elected is to provide exceptional services (snow removal, road maintenance, trash removal, police service, etc) to Laurium while maintaining a strict budget.
Question 2:My experience consists of serving the past eight years on the Laurium Village Council. During this time I have run five successful festivals, which raised money to improve the Village hall ballroom and the ball fields at the Gipp Recreation Area. Created a business directory to promote local businesses and tourism. I have also organized and run the annual Village Holiday party for the past four years. As a business owner and long term resident I feel very privileged to have served on the council and look forward to serving another term to promote our community values.
Village of South Range
President (1)
Justin Marier -candidate did not respond
Therese Parolini -candidate did not respond
Martin A. Steinmetz -candidate did not respond
Adams Township School District
Board (2)
John Asiala -candidate did not respond
Jason Coffey -candidate did not respond
George D. Eakin -candidate did not respond
Bruce Heltunen -candidate did not respond
Chad Snell -candidate did not respond
Calumet Public Schools
Board (2)
Francis J. Beiring
Question 1: There are issues that affect the education of our youth: changing social issues to technology; which influence what is taught in our schools. The schools' major challenges become, 1)how do we stay on top of important topics, and 2) what efforts are made to ensure how and what is being taught is in the best interest of the community they serve. Calumet is making good strides in maintaining its position as a top school in the area, but after getting involved in school it is apparent that the board is "rubber stamping" key issues rather than being engaged and making decisions based on sound education and understanding. This is troubling to me. Our school and community deserve better The school is being run with little interaction with community. The current board is unwilling to listen to the community and make little attempt to get public input on school issues. The budget is always a top concern for any school district. A check and balance system is needed between the board and the administration to ensure that the decisions made are fiscally responsible and represent spending that best serve to further educate our kids.
Question 2: My goal is to improve the communication between the board, the administration and the community; so the students will benefit and can become productive members of society.
Philip D. Halonen -candidate did not respond
Melanie Parker -candidate did not respond
James Vertin
Question 1: Budget issues are always a challenge for K-12 education considering the present inadequate State funding. We want the best programs in place along with keeping up to date on technology and it gets harder and harder to do. The challenge comes in working with what dollars we do get but not compromising good programs.
Question 2: I'm very interested in serving on the School Board. I'd like to work with the other members and help in whatever way I can to ensure that CLK continues to offer a solid education to our students and that it operates in the most efficient way possible. I feel my 25 years as a former employee at CLK in support services can be helpful as I have first hand knowledge and a good understanding of many of the inner workings that support the school system in its entirety. Through my work experience I feel I have something to offer and would like the opportunity to serve the students and the people of our district.
Chassell Township Schools
Board (4)
Randal Danison -candidate did not respond
Kenneth Kytta -candidate did not respond
Marcia Messer
Question 1:Some challenges include keeping the budget in check and making sure the fund balance is above the state minimum. While also making the school environment enjoyable for the students, while also making sure that they are learning to their maximum potential. Making sure that the school is a safe place for the students and teachers. A notable challenge is keeping the communication lines open between the board, administration, staff and community members.
Question 2: People should vote for me because I try to keep an open mind and weigh all options when making decisions. I am also committed to being prepared for the meetings and doing any research on my own time. Being a school board member takes more than just showing up for meetings, you must also be informed about changes going on in the state legislature. There is also a commitment of attending professional development courses to make sure that you are informed about the changes. I am committed to keeping the communication lines open to the residents of the district.
Brady Tervo -candidate did not respond
Suzanna Tuomi -candidate did not respond
Todd A. Vankleeck -candidate did not respond
Lake Linden-Hubbell Schools
Board (3)
Lori J. Ambuehl -candidate did not respond
Patricia A. Burton -candidate did not respond
Jeffrey S. Dennis -candidate did not respond
Rebbecca R. Loukus -candidate did not respond
Dollar Bay-Tamarack City Area Schools
Board (4)
Dallas Bond -candidate did not respond
Donna A. Engman -candidate did not respond
Tera Janke -candidate did not respond
David W. Maki
Question 1: The top challenge for all school board members, particularly in a smaller district such as Dollar Bay, is making sure that all financial resources are budgeted in the most effective way possible. Sometimes the decisions are obvious, but sometimes they're difficult, and it's important that when faced with a challenging situation, board members make these decisions so that as many students as possible will be positively impacted. Our district, despite its size, has experienced growth and has become a frequent school-of-choice district. We've also experienced changes in two key leadership positions recently due to retirements. It's important that we encourage our new leaders to maintain the programs that have made our district the success that it is, while at the same time encouraging new perspectives that could enhance the district.
Question 2: I believe I can be an effective school board member because I'll bring a fresh perspective to the board, while I also have been connected to the district for six years. My daughters are in fifth grade and kindergarten, so the long-term future of the district is very important to me as well. I have experience serving on local boards, including the Portage Lake Little League and the City of Hancock's Finnish Theme Committee, and I've been in leadership roles on both.
Beverely Schmitz
Question 1: The challenges facing our school in the future will be the academic requirements, growth and capacity.  Student's interest in attending our school because of the academic status will challenge the district over the next few years on how to deal with the growth which, leads into budget issues. The board needs to consider constructing an addition and upgrading the current school building in which, will be additional budget challenges with fixed revenues and growing expenses. Our school budget is on the lower scale and is challenged to try to do more with less. It needs more educational resources with up-to-date technology that the budget doesn't currently allow for. We need to plan for the immediate needs today, as well as, scale for the growth of tomorrow for all the children in the district. The budget affects what the curricula and courses are in the school, the staff asked to take on extra duties and transportation being hired out to keep the costs at a minimum. Most importantly, the budget keeps our hard-working staff from getting salary increases and other conditions of employment.
Question 2: My involvement with the school for over 30 years as a sports fan, a parent, an assistant elementary basketball coach and PTO member. I want to effectively work towards a brighter future for all the children of the district.  I want to bring innovative ideas, questions and fresh ideas to the table. I am an advocate for the children's educational values and visions. I'm ready to accomplish the long term commitment to collegiality and collaborate with the board to work towards a great future for our students.  I am responsive and receptive to parents, staff, students and the community at large and encourage an open dialog. I want to provide opportunities to students to help them reach their potential. I'm committed to the time and energy this position will require of me and I welcome the opportunity to contribute my working knowledge, my years of involvement with the school and community activities while collaborating and working as a team with other board members to accomplish the goal of continuing to push education forward creating, refining and fulfilling the boards mission to make Dollar Bay the best district for students, teachers, staff and community members.
Jeff Stevens -candidate did not respond


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Occupational Eye Injuries Experienced by Migrant Farmworkers
Published in the Journal of Agromedicine.
From the Abstract:
Migrant farmworkers in North Carolina (n = 300) reported eye injuries, circumstances of injuries, and outcomes during lifetime U.S. agriculture work. Seventeen injuries were reported by 15 farmworkers; five resulted in lost work time. Most reported injuries were penetrating or open wounds, often caused by branches or other foreign objects. Injuries were seldom reported to employers; and treatment at clinics, when received, was often delayed. The incidence rate of lost work-time injuries of 23.8/10,000 worker years (95% confidence interval 7.5, 55.9), exceeds the 2009 national incidence rate (6.9/10,000). Migrant farmworkers constitute a vulnerable population; better occupational safety protections should be considered.
Click here to download the full text of this article.
By Sara A. Quandt PhD, Mark R. Schulz PhD, Jennifer W. Talton MS, Amit Verma DrPH & Thomas A. Arcury, PhD (2012): Occupational Eye Injuries Experienced by Migrant Farmworkers, Journal of Agromedicine, 17:1, 63-69.

subset: commoncrawl


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The lovely patient Ella wrote to me asking how to add the buttons like I have in the sidebar and although I'm no technical guru and I'm sure there's a better way to do it - this is the way I worked out and I'm more than happy to share it with you...So, I'm going to add a Wedding button to my blog and I'm going to take you with me.
- find an image and paste in PowerPoint, crop or resize to around 2cm x 7cm.
- to add text, draw a text box over the top of the picture and add text. Make sure the text box lines up/is the same size as the picture. fyi - I made my text boxes half height and filled them white and made them 60% transparent.
- now select the new button (including picture & text box) and cut it, then paste special as 'Picture'.
- right click each button and 'Save as Picture' as a PNG file.
- go into your blog and upload all the buttons into a post as normal. Once they are in the order you like, click each picture and add the matching hyperlink - to get this go to your blog and click the matching tag for your button, in this case "wedding" - copy the url then paste, just as you would a text link
- above 'Preview' there is the 'Compose' and 'Edit Html' tabs, in the Edit html tab is the coding you will need.
- copy the coding and go into the 'Design' part of your blog, add the HTML/Java Script Widget to your sidebar and paste in the copied script. If your buttons are too big resize them by editing the code (mine are 'Width 200px' and 'Height 65px').
Good luck! et Bon Weekend!


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If you are concerned about portion control -- especially when it comes to carb intake -- and also have a deep love for prehistoric creatures, this dinosaur-themed spaghetti measurer is the one for you. Sold by Homes and Holidays, the 'I Could Eat A T-Rex' Spaghetti Noodle Pasta Measurer Tool makes sure you get the precise serving quantity while also having a little fun.
The measuring tool features cut-outs shaped like a T-Rex and differently sized humans running away from the dinosaur. So whether you want a kid-sized amount of pasta or an enormous dino amount, this spaghetti measurer makes sure you get the correct number of noodles.
Other animal styles are also available in the event dinosaurs are not your thing.
Dino Kitchen Tools
More Stats +/-
Dinosaur Sandwich Cutters
Embossing Rolling Pins
Prehistoric Predator Platters
Tyrannosaurus Rex Teacups
DIY Dinosaur Skewers


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The New Boyz are the recently arrived duo named Ben J and Legacy who debuted in 2009 with "Skinny Jeanz and a Mic." Since their birth on the hip-hop scene, the tandem have advocated a relatively inoffensive agenda of sex, partying and fashion. These Boyz aren't out to stop the violence in Yemen, legalize marijuana or reform health care. They literally live up to their name - they're just too young to give a damn about anything but having fun. If you understand and accept their agenda (or perhaps the lack thereof) the New Boyz are perfectly acceptable. The biggest drawback to their debut album was that it ultimately became repetitive, both in terms of Legacy's production abilities and their self-absorbed subject matter.
"Too Cool to Care" has taken care of the former by bringing in a slew of guest producers, taking the reigns of the sound away from the New Boyz entirely. If you were a fan of their swagger though you'll be pleased to know that the all star talent they brought in goes to great lengths to keep their New style and sound in tact - they just make it tighter. DJ Khalil and Sabi give them a rock and roll attitude on "Tough Kids," Meech Wells does their minimalistic style to a tee for "Crush On You," and the tandem of Matt Squire and Damon Sharpe provide a bouncy electronic backdrop for the lead single "Break My Bank."
"Damn - girl! You look better than the videos
Think I wanna break my bank, hammer to the piggy though
All-all the groupie girls gettin jealous of what I spend
They tryin to chop it up, but I ain't +The Karate Kid+
Jaden! Everyday I'm spendin more on her
I don't buy shit, like I barely hold the door open
Every time I say this shit I always get her one more
When it's time for taxes a nigga gon' be done for"
The freshest sounding track on the whole album is "Backseat," from the current flavor of the month producers called The Cataracs. They've worked magic lately for everybody from Snoop Dogg ("Wet") to the Far East Movement ("Like a G6") and they are no less on point here. If you hear the song and you're immediately reminded of Ke$ha, Tinie Tempah and Lady Gaga that's exactly what they were going for - this is a bouncy electronic song tailor made to get your dance on.
"You see them girls with them high heels they got this party poppin
This ain't no country club we 'bout to get this party rockin
You got girls that's with the band let's get on top and let me see it though
Wait not in here we outta here, jump in my vehicle
Camaro long shift, she just tryin to fit comfortably
She like my orange Camaro, she said let's ride up and trick or treat
Like damn girl, damn girl, you fucks'n with the man girl
Like damn girl, damn girl, you fucks'n with the man girl"
As you can see at this point there's nothing profound about what the New Boyz have to say. With respect they are a lyrically and musically upgraded version of Gucci Mane - the same materialistic, conspicuous consumption, sex and money lifestyle sans the "trapping" and with accents that are easier to understand. The closest you'll find them to getting deep is on the Jay-Nari produced "Let U Leave," where the slightly less self-involved New Boyz talk about trying to salvage relationships so they can stay with female partners they want for the long term.
"Look, I know I'm wrong for the things I done
I passed up a couple of chances because I'm sprung
We've been together for fo' months, she pushed my buttons
Can't forgive it little daddy girl I messed up once, haha
I don't like her, she was a one nighter
If endin love was a girl, we can both fight her
Of course bro I like her, I was 'bout to wife her
If she don't let me go then yeah, I'm gon' wife her"
The charming aspect of the New Boyz is that without having to rudely say they don't give a fuck whether you like them or not, it's clear that they don't. They're young and full of cum but not necessarily dumb - in fact it's pretty clear that every part of them from apparel to appeal is carefully calculated. At times that borders dangerously on becoming mass produced and manufactured, an assembly line of teen rock hip-hop that's a younger hipper version of N*E*R*D, but for now they're doing just fine. Time will tell if these young kids can sustain their momentum.
Music Vibes: 7.5 of 10 Lyric Vibes: 6.5 of 10 TOTAL Vibes: 7 of 10
Originally posted: May 24th, 2011
source: www.RapReviews.com


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Crate Digging: Scuba
- Colin Chapman
- 16 November 2011
The Hotflush label boss gives us his top five tracks ahead of his set at the debut EQTV party
Normally a website featuring regular video interviews with DJs and artists, EQTV breaks out of cyberspace and into the real world in December with the first in a series of special parties. Their first guest, Hotflush label boss Scuba, shares his current top five with us.
The first track they did together, 'Swims', still isn't out yet but it's one of the most recognisable club tunes of the year; however I think Boddika & Joy O 'Froth' (Unreleased) is much better. It's a lot deeper, a lot more atmospheric, though still packs a mean punch. If there's any justice it'll be played just as much as 'Swims'.
Next is Untold 'Peaky' (Unreleased). Some proper UK jacking business but with an Untold twist. I first heard it when he dropped it at our SUB:STANCE night at Bergain recently and had to run up and ask him what it was.
One of my favourite tunes of the year, Beaumont 'Lucky' (Kinnego) should have been huge but seemed to pass most people by for some reason. Playing it in the main arena at Sonar over the summer was a lot of fun; I think it confused a few people.
I can imagine that it would've been tough to remix but Close have nailed it with their version of my own track, Scuba 'Never' (Hotflush) [unreleased Close remix]. I'm not sure if I'm supposed to reveal what or who Close is; all I'll say is that you're probably familiar with the people involved.
Finally, Martyn 'We Are You In The Future' (Brainfeeder), seems like the perfect track to end Ghost People, an album which I've been into recently. The more melodic he lets himself be, the better he is; you get the impression that he really enjoys making this kind of stuff as well.
EQTV Presents: Scuba at Chambre69, Glasgow on Fri 9 Dec.


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What is the A Girl Called Hope programme?
A Girl Called Hope is for young women who have a strong desire to bring about change in their lives. As a non coersive programme A Girl Called Hope respects the right of each individual to make decisions about their own life. A Girl Called Hope openly acknowledges that the programme offered is based on Christian principles. Should an applicant choose to accept a place at A Girl Called Hope they are asked to participate in all aspects of the programme.
A Girl Called Hope openly acknowledges that the programme offered is based on Christian principles and includes related activities such as attending church, devotions (bible reading and reflective time). While applicants do not need to be Christian to participate in the programme, it is important that they consider this element when applying. We ask that residents are open to hearing about God and exploring their faith.
The Counsellors at A Girl Called Hope work holistically with residents and draw on a wide range of therapeutic modalities, including elements of CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), DBT (Dialectical Behavioural Therapy), IDT (Interactive Drawing Therapy) and Narrative Therapy. Our counsellors use tools which deal with exploration of faith, choosing to forgive, renewing the mind and generational patterns.
All residents set goals for what they'd like to achieve through their time at A Girl Called Hope.
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Meal Plans are developed by the Household Manager in conjunction with the Dietitian. All residents eat three meals a day, with additional snacks for morning and afternoon tea, and supper. Residents who require individualised meal plans (those with disordered eating and heath issues) meet monthly with the Dietitian who develops this with them.
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A Girl Called Hope will liaise with community dietitians to ensure a smooth transition for residents into the programme.
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Onsite recreational activities include swimming, volleyball, badminton, petanque. Residents also particapate in other interests such as music, dance, art, scrap-booking, and card making.
Some residents are on fitness restrictions due to their health. This is determined on an individual basis.
A Girl Called Hope provides a Transitional Care Programme which commences up to eight weeks prior to graduation. This programme starts by assisting the resident with finding accomodation, vocational guidance, budgeting, support structures and continues for twelve months following their graduation. An accountability mentor will also be identified in the graduates community to provide further follow up and support for the graduate.
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Our mission as BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, is to enable the information society. We promote wider social and economic progress through the advancement of information technology science and practice.
We bring together industry, academics, practitioners and government to share knowledge, promote new thinking, inform the design of new curricula, shape public policy and inform the public.
Joining our Branch is an opportune way to maintain contact with other local IT professsionals, keep abreast of current developments and have a real input to BCS. Find out more about us and how to join
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(a) Postgraduates (with academic degree stating 210 ECTS credit points)
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If you are interested, you may submit your documents and any questions you have to the management of the course of studies, Iris Zimmermann (email@example.com), for initial review. You will receive feedback without delay.
The admission test will be performed by the course of studies management and an assessor. Applicants must document technical qualification corresponding to a basic business management course of studies on Bachelor's level. It consists of a written test and an oral colloquium. The written exams may be performed abroad with cooperation partners (against a fee), the oral colloquium can be performed via Skype.


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Frankie Boyle booed by Comic Relief crowd as he makes 'jokes' about the Queen and Duchess of Cambridge so revolting that his entire sketch is axed from BBC3 broadcast
- Controversial comedian joked he wished the Queen had died the night before the Royal Jubilee
- Was booed by the crowd and drew gasps with his crude humour
- Also took aim at Kate, Oscar Pistorius and the Pope later in his set
- BBC Three said they had to edit the show down to fit into 3.5 hours
Controversial Frankie Boyle took comedy to a disgusting new low last night as he made vile jokes about The Queen and Kate, the pregnant Duchess of Cambridge during a TV fundraiser.
The Scottish 'funnyman' was booed by the crowd as he joked he wished the Queen had died, and made an unprintable gag about how Kate fell pregnant.
In a revolting 10-minute routine on Russell Brand's Give It Up For Comic Relief event at London's Wembley Arena, Boyle also drew gasps from the 12,500-strong audience with a particularly crude jibe at Oscar Pistorious.
Boyle's routine was deemed in such bad taste that it was axed from the 'almost-live' broadcast of the show on BBC Three.
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'I wish the Queen had f***ing died': Frankie Boyle was booed after his foul-mouthed routine during Russell Brand's Give It Up For Comic Relief on Wednesday night
Just moments after arriving on stage, Boyle, who looked noticeably larger than usual, kicked off his rant, with the Queen his first victim.
'I wish the Queen had f***ing died the night before the Royal Jubilee'
Referring to the monarch's recent hospital stay for gastroenteritis, Boyle then said: 'I wish the Queen had died the night before the Royal Jubilee - I wish she'd just f***ing died.
'But they wouldn't have been able to tell us that she'd died. They would have had to hollow out her body and get that guy who plays Gollum to wear it.'
But Boyle's quips about the country's beloved monarch did not go down will with the star-studded crowd, who were quick to boo the comedian as his jokes went too far.
Boyle's next subject was the Duchess of Cambridge, with the comedian making a crude joke about the royal's figure, before adding: 'I can't believe she is pregnant to be honest because she told me she was on the pill.'
Taking aim: Frankie certainly didn't tone down his routine for the fundraising evening
Victims: Queen Elizabeth and the Duchess of Cambridge were among the people Boyle took aim at during the routine
Not going down well: Frankie's offensive humour caused viewers to take to Twitter to complain
Commenting on the Jimmy Savile scandal, Boyle said: 'I think the BBC made Jimmy Savile wear that jewellery so children could hear him coming.'
Refusing to stop with his offensive routine, Boyle then said of the Pope, who recently resigned from his Papal duties: 'The Pope must have done something that even the Catholic church found unacceptable.
'My theory is that he f****d an adult woman.'
Rotund: Frankie looked significantly larger than usual as his grey suit strained at the seams
Scandalous: Frankie also joked that Oscar Pistorius surname sounds like a 'spell Harry Potter would say to make someone's legs fall off', while also making a crude joke about the Pope
'Pistorious sounds like a spell Harry Potter would say to make your legs drop off'
Boyle's last victim of the evening was athlete Oscar Pistorius, who was recently charged with the murder of girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp.
He said: 'Pistorius to me sounds like a spell Harry Potter would say to make your legs drop off.'
But while Boyle's set didn't make it onto the BBC Three show, a spokesperson for the channel said that it wasn't personal.
The spokesperson said in a statement: 'It was an extremely tight edit of a 3-and-a-half hour show down to 90 minutes and not every act or performance made the final broadcast.'
And a statement from Comic Relief read: 'The Give it Up for Comic Relief gig included a range of comedians and performers who all gave their time for free to raise awareness and money for a serious issue.
'We appreciate that not all the personalities who take part in our campaign are to everyone's taste, and hope that our supporters haven't been offended and continue to support Red Nose Day.'
Meet and greet: Host Russell made his way down into the crowd during the show to encourage people to text to donate
This isn't suitable for children! Russell also made friends with a young boy called Alfie, who said he didn't mind the swearing during the show
Boyle's unique brand of humour didn't go down too well with fans at the event, with many taking to Twitter to comment on the offensive jokes.
One user wrote: 'Once again @frankieboyle you show what a complete knob you have turned into. You were once the funniest comedian around, now you are just sad.'
And another tweeted: 'The problem with Frankie Boyle isn't that he's offensive, it's that he's not funny. The 21st Century's Roy Chubby Brown #unhilarious.'
But a fan of the comedian argued: 'Why is everyone having a pop at Frankie Boyle, its a joke for god sake, the fact that some people can't grasp that worries me just slightly.'
It's not the first time Boyle has caused controversy with his humour.
No strangers to controversy also: Jack Whitehall and Jason Manford were among the other funnymen who performed at the event
Showing them how it's done: Legendary comedian Eddie Izzard was among the headlining acts for the event
Own brands of humour: John Bishop paid tribute to Brand for organising the event, while Noel Fielding came on stage dressed as a 'New York cop' to give anti-drugs advice to the crowd
In 2010, regulating body Ofcom received 469 complaints when Frankie cracked jokes about cancer victims.
He also joked that year about Katie Price's 10-year-old son Harvey, who suffers from severe autism and septo-optic dysplasia.
Boyle also caused controversy when he posted a message during the Paralympics opening ceremony saying 'Apparently the Saudi Arabian Paralympic team is mainly thieves' – in reference to the practice of amputating criminals' hands for stealing.
Belting it out: Nicole Scherzinger was among the musical acts during the evening
Vocal stylings: Jessie J and Emeli Sande performed during the evening, delighting fans with their incredible sets
Boyle caused a stir when he said that Olympic swimmer Rebecca Adlington looks like 'someone who's looking at themselves in the back of a spoon'. He then said she had an advantage at the London 2012 games due to 'possessing a dolphin's face'. Rebecca later hit back, saying 'if you haven't got anything nice to say, don't say it'.
The comedian quit his column in Scotland's Daily Record newspaper when they refused to publish his Michael Jackson jokes, a series of one-liners surrounding the allegations surrounding the late singer: 'I was a big Michael Jackson fan when I was eight. I didn't know it at the time, but I was his "type".
'An interesting attitude we have to paedophilia in this country: we don't want paedophiles round here... unless they've really worked on their choreography. For his London concerts Michael Jackson advertised for children in wheelchairs or with missing legs! What parent would agree to that? Look what happened with kids who could run away!'
Boyle left a mother upset when he joked about Down's Syndrome during a gig in Reading in 2010. Sharon Smith, whose daughter Tanzie suffers from the condition, said at the time: 'He made fun of their parents being old and out of touch, he made fun of the way people with Down's syndrome speak.
'He made a number of references to people with Down's syndrome dying early.'
Boyle has had a long-running feud with Katie Price, who labelled him 'despicable' after he said she had only married Alex Reid to help prevent her disabled son Harvey from 'raping' her. Katie wrote on her website following the joke: 'If Mr Boyle had a 10th of his Harvey's courage and decency he would know that to suggest, let alone think funny, that Harvey may sexually attack me is vile and deeply unfair.'
Katie complained to Ofcom which deemed that Channel 4 had breached guidelines by airing the jokes on the channel, but the glamour model was still furious as the Ofcom decision did not require an on-screen apology from the broadcaster.
The Scotsman also caused controversy once again when he likened the Saudi Arabian Palaympic team to 'thieves' - a reference to the practice of amputating criminals' hands for stealing. Despite being widely criticised for the comments, Boyle defended himself, insisting that the joke was 'celebratory', writing on Twitter: 'I'll be joking about Paralympics same way I joked about the Olympics. That's my job yo.'
He added: 'Nobody thinks it's a good thing to laugh at the disabled. But it is a genuine problem that we're not allowed to laugh with the disabled.'
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We lease strands of fibre between any two points on our network. With your own strands of fibre, you can do anything you want between the two points.
We have many route options available, can build diverse paths between most points, and can often be diverse from other carriers. We work with our customers to custom design the route through the city to meet their needs. Mesh, or ring whatever is best.


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'inspiration' tag.
In part 1 of my interview with Tim Attaby we talked about psychology, teaching and whether or not creativity is effective. This time we talk about laughter, the creative force behind many relationships.
To me, one of the biggest signs of creativity is being able to think and to use wit. So, I've always kind of felt that you were outwardly creative. We used to skate together, we used to play video games, I remember all of that stuff, but I really remember that we used to laugh and make jokes a lot. That's one of the things that's always been important to me in my life, and I think that's a high sign of creativity which is overlooked quite a bit.
Yeah, I think that's probably true. I think that it's funny that you say that, because I actually had the exact same feeling about you. That you were like one of the funniest mother fuckers that I've ever known in my life. (laughs) I'm serious. You're just like absolutely hilarious. I agree, and I think that humor, to try and not get too psychological, brings an ingredient to a relationship that is definitely creative. If you think about it, like if you watch Comedy Central, there are people who make lots and lots of money that I think have zero sense of humor. I just don't understand it. I just don't think it's funny, but they make buttloads of money. So, is that person creative and effective? I guess so, but it's still relative. As soon as I see Dane Cook on TV, I turn it off, because I can't stand the guy. (laughs) That's an example of someone that you can say is creative and effective, but I just don't understand. I think that humor is something that is very personal. You are either with people who understand your humor or you're not. I think that's one of the things that's a real staple of my marriage. My wife and I have a very similar sense of humor. I think it's one of the things that I love the most about her. She just makes me laugh. For absolutely no reason, she'll say some stupid thing, and I'll just die laughing.
It's a type of creativity, but it's also a component to a successful relationship. If you have two people who have two different senses of humor, then that can really make that relationship awkward. It can change the nature of the relationship. It can determine going from acquaintance to an actual relationship. I have people that I respect professionally, but I can't really have extended conversations with them because I just don't get them. Their way of laughing and thinking about the world is something that I don't agree with or I just don't think it's all that funny. Like you, one of the things that's really important to me is to laugh. If I can't laugh, then there's something going wrong.
Who would you say has been the biggest influence on your life?
That's a good question.
I'd probably have to say my main graduate school mentor, who at times I had a very conflictual relationship with. I find myself at least professionally saying things that he said and thinking about things in a way that I thought that he would. I would have to say that professionally it was probably graduate school that changed me. When I came into graduate school I was definitely not what I would consider to be well centered. I wasn't necessarily insightful. I had a certain level of intellectual curiosity about a lot of different things but as far as being emotionally centered and being able to build strong mutual relationships with people I don't think I was probably as good at that. I think through school, but a large part of that was probably the therapy I was in as well, I think it helped me.
And to be honest, all of the patients that I've worked with as well have been inspirations, as well as learning things. I've learned more things about life, how different industries work and learned stuff about different people than I would have ever known had I not been in this business. So, I think that I've learned a lot about life through people, working in therapy and learning about things sort of vicariously.
I would have to say that it's a combination of mentors and patients, as far as getting me up until I met my wife and I think that she inspires me in different ways. My wife also being in the business is a blessing and a curse. We're at this place now to where we can really call each other out without even thinking about it. It's like what you'd imagine two mental health practitioners do. "Oh, you're acting like your father right now." And it's stuff like that where in some circles it might be seen as an attack, but because it's so much of what we do, we can say things like that to where it's like you actually stop and think, "Oh, yeah. You're right. I am doing that. Aren't I?" (laughs) So, that's the blessing part. The curse part is that there's sometimes that I just don't want to think about that stuff. Sometimes I don't want to be told that I'm acting like my mother or acting like my father, but I end up having to look at it anyways.
I think finally it's kids. (laughs) They make you think about things so differently, and it can be such a painful mirror to have a kid. I'm typically not a morning person. So, waking up early in the morning usually takes about an hour to get into the full swing of things. It's even something simple like, I'm talking to my son and he asks, "Daddy, why do you have a funny face?" I didn't even realize that I had a funny face, but I'm scowling or growling and I'm totally not even aware of that. The thing that I've learned from being a father is how to be different in the world. I find myself more intrigued by other peoples' kids, more interested in other kids than I ever was before, because I just hadn't had the experience with it. I think it's definitely softened me up in numerous ways.
So, I think that is the other thing that has inspired me. I'd like to think about myself as, if my kids grew up as if they knew absolutely everything about me, inside and out, everything that I've done, would they be proud of me? I think that's sort of where I find myself now, living my life, thinking about things, and the behaviors and actions that I choose. Is it something that I'd want my kids to know about? If the answer is no, then it usually ends up being a pretty easy choice as well. "Then I can't do that."
So that's been the final edge of the mold as far as the people that I think have influenced me.
Lalli's Question: How do you disconnect your work and home life? Do you think It's better to care about patients too much or too little, and has your work ever affected your home life?
Okay, so that's like five questions by the way. (laughs) So, remind me if I don't answer them.
Disconnecting never happens. At least for me, it's impossible to be a good therapist and to be able to just shut off. It just can't happen. I've never been able to figure out a way to do it, and I think that people who claim that they do are either lying (laughs) or they're not doing something very well. They're doing something else to forget about work, and in a lot of cases that ends up being stuff that's not very effective in the long run. For me, there has never been a way to disconnect. You're always thinking about patients. You're always worrying about them. You're always wondering about what you did the last session, and how you're going to do things better. It just doesn't turn off. You get used to it. You find ways to do other things. For me, video games have been away to have a total disconnect from the world.
When I was seeing patients, and even now, I still think about patients that I saw. It's impossible for me to disconnect from that, and it's the same for my wife. If you're not thinking about your patients then you're doing something wrong. It's a little judgemental. If somebody says, "When 5 o'clock comes after my last patient, I turn off and do something else." Either that person does a really good job of compartmentalizing their life, or they're lying.
Has it ever affected my family life? I think one of the benefits of being in a relationship with somebody who has a very similar job is that we can come home and talk about our day and we know what each other is talking about. We not only can hear it, but both of us can empathize with the other person because we've been in that situation. She can come home and talk about a very difficult family session that she had with the kids and family, and I can relate to that, because I've been in that situation. Or I can say, "I don't know what to do with this person. They said this. They have this problem, but they said this as well." She can say, "What about this? What about this? Or what about this?"
That's been one of the perks of being married to someone in the business. I can take it home, but there's actually a real benefit for me taking it home. I can get some additional consultation on it. So, bringing it home in that sense has been a real benefit. I can't say that it's been a detriment overtly. It can be distracting at times, because I can sometimes think about it too much to where I'm not really present at home. I think at this point, my wife is pretty good at calling me out, and saying, "What are you doing? Where are you right now? You're not talking to me." So, I can kind of snap out of it a little bit.
I would hate to think that I was a person who cared too little for a patient. My wife is much more neurotic than I am. I'm much more laid back. She really, really thinks about her patients to the point that it can interrupt her sleep. She'll wake up thinking about them. Although it's annoying at times for me as a spouse, I would love to be her patient. I want my doctor to be thinking about me all the time. If I'm coming into somebody to get help, I want my doctor to be losing sleep over me thinking about ways that they can help me. I don't want to have the doctor that can shut off. I don't want to have the doctor that can go home and not think a thing about work. I don't want that person. I would much rather ere on the side of thinking too much than thinking too little.
Wanda's question: Since you moved to San Francisco what's one thing that would have inspired you to pick up a pencil and paper and start drawing?
I live on a hill. The property we live on is 19,000 square feet. Huge property! 80 percent of that property is uphill. My backyard actually climbs up the side of a hill to the top of it. So, I can actually hike up my backyard to the top of the hill. When I stand up there I can see everything. The folks across from us have some tall trees, but when I hike up to the top of the hill I can see everything in the west bay. So, I can see San Francisco, I can see Sausalito, I can see the Golden Gate, I can see the Bay Bridge, and it's absolutely amazing at about 5 o'clock at night. It's the most awesome sunsets in the world. So, if I had any actual physical type of artistic ability, I could very easily set up a canvas and start painting. It's just amazing, because you can see the bay, but you can see past the bay into the Pacific Ocean. You can see the entire San Francisco skyline, and the Golden Gate. When there's fog rolling in it's just absolutely amazing. Unfortunately we're just renting, so we're going to have to move at some point.
I want to thank all of my guests that allowed me to take some time out of their day to talk about creativity. Be sure to read all of the Untapped Creativity interviews with Jeni Herberger, Nicole Dobbs, Elizabeth Lalli-Reese, Lynda Campbell, Wanda Dobbs and Tim Attaby.
Like what you see don't forget to become a fan on Facebook. Check out the Creative Squall site to see how we've put imagination in action.
I've just begun to make sense of the whirlwind of inspiration that was at the HOW conference in Austin last week. Among my favorite sessions were Design Business Bootcamp with Daniel Schutzsmith, Consultative Selling for the Graphic Designer with Neil Tortorella, Why Pay For It When You Can Get It For Free with Jeff Fisher and perhaps the most engaging presentation, Visual Storytelling with Nancy Duarte. Thanks to Nancy's passion and truly captivating presentation, I now look forward to using power point as a tool to elevate client presentations to a new level.
If you attended the conference, let me know what your favorite sessions were and why? I'd like to know what other great session were going on.


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Nabbit is still as amazing as ever
New Super Luigi U makes me smile every time I see it, and this new E3 trailer is no exception. It details some more of the game's 80 courses, with some multiplayer action featuring Luigi, Nabbit, and the tandem of Bucken-Berry and Ala-Gold. If you look closely, you can see Mario's hat at the 0:29 mark.
Weegee might be Tony's homeboy, but he's my dawg as well, and I'm really looking forward to the DLC later this month. As Luigi himself once said, "I wanna be a great plumber like my brother Mario."
Well my friend, you already are.
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Fránçois & the Atlas Mountains | 04/02/14
To coincide with the new album Piano Ombre from Frànçois & The Atlas Mountains on March 17th, La Vérité will be released as the first single on the same day. The video was directed by Mathieu Demy who directed the 2011 film Americano which starred Salma Hayek . He is also the son of film-making royalty Agnès Varda and Jacques Demy, the latter of which wrote and directed the French classic The Umbrellas of Cherbourg.
"Here is our new music video directed by Mathieu Demy. It could be called: 'When the Love Boat is sinking we're still singing' Hope you enjoy" – Frànçois & The Atlas Mountains.
Watch the video for La Vérité HERE.
Piano Ombre, the follow-up to E Volo Love , is Frànçois' first album to be recorded in a bona fide studio (in Entre-Deux-Mers, the 'Between-Two-Seas', region near Bordeaux in France) and with a producer (Ash Workman – Metronomy / NZCA Lines). The album was written in the South West of France (where Frànçois lives once again after moving home from his adoptive Bristol) and features his current line-up of Atlas Mountains - multi-instrumentalists Amaury Ranger and Pierre Loustaunau, drummer Jean Thevenin (all Frenchmen) and Glaswegian keyboardist Gerard Black.
Piano Ombre, which translates as Calm Down Shadow (meaning to 'no longer be scared by things, because there is a way to see things in a positive light'), was written during a tumultuous year in Frànçois' life.
Lyrically, the album documents another journey, of personal struggle, discovery, conviction and resolution, however the darkness of the lyrics is counterbalanced by the bright, airy and upbeat production.
Frànçois & The Atlas Mountains will be bringing their fantastic live show to the UK and Europe this Spring, as follows:
25 March: La Nef, Angouleme, France
26 March: London, Hoxton Bar & Kitchen - TICKETS
27 March: Bristol, The Lantern (ex-Colston Hall 2) - TICKETS
28 March: Liverpool, Leaf - TICKETS
29 March: Glasgow, Stereo - TICKETS
30 March: Manchester, The Roadhouse - TICKETS
3 April: Gallia Théâtre, Saintes, France
4 April: Rock School Barbey, Bordeaux, France
5 April: Atabal, Biarritz, France
9 April: La Gaité Lyrique, Paris, France
11 April: Lune des Pirates, Amiens, France
12 April: Le Grand Mix, Tourcoing, France
16 April: Big Band Café d' Hérouville Saint Clair, Caen, France
17 April: 106, Rouen, France
18 April: Festival Mythos - Antipode, Rennes, France
19 April: Echonova, Saint Avé, France
15 May: Laiterie, Strasbourg, France
16 May: Amalgame, Yverdon, Switzerland
17 May: Theatre Lino Ventura, Nice, France
2 July: Les Arenes de Nimes, Nimes, France


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The animal you found may have a Microchip! Microchips cannot be seen or felt. Take the animal to a veterinary hospital or shelter to get scanned. Too many times we find people holding on to animals that have a microchip and an owner!
If you find an animal you may bring it to your local shelter or call us. We may not be able to respond to calls immediately. Once the animal is in our shelter, we'll hold it for at least the state-mandated time period while looking for the owner. If the owner does not reclaim the animal, you may be able to adopt it yourself. However, we do not, have not, and will not promise, reserve, or hold any animal for a specific person except the actual owner.
If you decide to hold onto the animal PLEASE make a real effort to locate the owner. You cannot legally give the animal to a "rescue" or other party until you've tried to locate the owner for at least 30 days. Place a "Found" ad in the local newspaper, fill out a Found Report at either or both of our facilities, notify the Humane Society of Ventura County and post signs in the neighborhood where you found the animal.
Additional Resources:
Craigs List - Search and post your pet's info in "Lost/Found" and "Pets" sections.
Pet Harbor.com - Search for your pet in area shelter listings and report your pet as "lost" using their online feature - Be sure to upload a photo of your pet. If someone finds a pet matching your animal's description or if a shelter receives a similar pet, you will be notified via email.
Twitter - Visit our automated Twitter feed to see all stray animals that come into our shelter: @VCLostPets.
Facebook: Look for local lost pet pages, such as Camarillo Missing Pets and Simi Valley Missing Pets.
Post and search daily! It may take days or weeks for finders to post found animals online.
We have partnered with Finding Rover. Download this smartphone app that utilizes facial recognition software that will help match your pet's face to other scanned faces in our database. Follow the steps on the app when prompted.
HOPE: This is the most important tip - DO NOT GIVE UP HOPE! Many pets are recovered weeks, or even months, after they go missing!


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- Overview
- Location & Map
- Highlights & Reviews
- Amenities
- World's Best Awards
The Leela Ambience Delhi
The Leela Ambience Convention Hotel, Delhi (formerly known as Kempinski Ambience Hotel Delhi), is strategically located near the historic Old Delhi as well as the central business districts of Delhi, Ghaziabad and Noida. The hotel is a landmark for both business and leisure travelers in the city. Encased within two towers are 480 rooms and suites, two outdoor swimming pools, luxurious recreational facilities and specialty dining options. It boasts of a pillar-less ballroom of 25,000 sq.ft., the largest in a luxury hotel in India with a total meeting space of 70,000 sq.ft. that can comfortably accommodate 6000 guests.
Location & Map
Hotel Address:
- The Leela Ambience Delhi
- 1,CBD, Maharaja Surajmal Road
- Delhi, 110032
- India
Location Summary
The hotel is strategically located in East Delhi and has become the landmark in the region. It is a 45-minute drive from the Airport, and is well connected via wide and planned road network including the National Highway 8. The luxury hotel is also conveniently connected to the city via Delhi Metro.
Highlights & Reviews
Note Bene
Concierge & Guest Relation Services available 24 hours a day.
Banquets & Meetings
Experience India's largest pillar-less banquet hall with a capacity up to 6000 guests,backed by a host of facilities that use state-of-art technology for the ultimate in luxurious hospitality. Exclusive driveway & entrances along with a dedicated catering & events team enhanced by meticulous detailing elevate your celebrations to an extravaganza.
Fine Dining On Site
Café Knosh offers gourmet all-day dining. Offers exotic Mediterranean and Indian delicacies. Dilli 32 features opulent Indian dining and visit Mei Kun for Asian Mult-Cuisine.
Fitness Center
The hotel has two fitness centres in both towers with connected shower cubicles. Gyms are equipped with the latest TechnoGym machines and have an impressive city view.
Pool Outdoor
Two outdoor temperature controlled swimming pools.
Spa Facility
The luxurious spa, Shanaya, welcomes the guest with a warm corridor. It is equipped with a Hammam experience (Turkish Bath), separate steam and sauna areas, five therapy rooms including a couple room and an Ayurvedic therapy room.
Theatre Museums
Nearby cultural attractions include the National Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, Bahai Temple, and Qutub Minar.
Guest Review Highlights
6,403 reviews
by TrustYou™
The Leela Ambience Convention Hotel, Delhi
The TrustScore is the standard for reputation, summarizing verified reviews and comments from various sources.Learn more »
100% (6391)
Hotel Amenities
- - Banquets & Meetings
- Business Center
- Meeting Space
- Disabled Access
- Fine Dining On Site
- Fine Dining Nearby
- Fitness Center
- High Speed Internet
- Pool Outdoor
- Spa Facility
Available Activities
- - Dining
- Shopping
- Theatre & Museums
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- Research article
- Open Access
Quantum cosmology of a classically constrained nonsingular Universe
- Abhik Kumar Sanyal1Email author
© Sanyal 2009
- Received: 24 June 2009
- Accepted: 22 October 2009
- Published: 22 October 2009
The quantum cosmological version of a nonsingular Universe presented by Mukhanov and Brandenberger in the early nineties has been developed and the Hamilton Jacobi equation has been found under semiclassical (WKB) approximation. It has been pointed out that, parameterization of classical trajectories with semiclassical time parameter, for such a classically constrained system, is a nontrivial task and requires Lagrangian formulation rather than the Hamiltonian formalism.
PACS Codes: 98.80.Qc, 04.50.Kd.
- Scalar Field
- Constraint Equation
- Classical Trajectory
- Secondary Constraint
- Nonsingular Solution
1 Introduction
It transpires from Hawking-Penrose energy condition that the singularities of the general theory of relativity are unavoidable classically. In the absence of a complete and satisfactory theory of quantum gravity, it is not clear what would be the nature or the fate of singularities in the quantum domain. However, it might be possible in principle to get rid of the singularities classically by imposing some quantum mechanical bounds on certain quantities. At the singularity, some of the curvatures, eg., energy momentum and even the Riemann tensors diverge. Further, quantum field theory predicts that, the scattering cross sections become infinity when all radiative corrections are taken into account. Renormalization makes individual terms manageable, but the entire series diverges. So in order to get rid of the singularities, curvature invariant terms must be constrained to take some upper limits. If Planck's length l pl is assumed to be the fundamental length, below which no length is measurable, then from dimensional argument, curvature invariants must be bounded as, , etc. However, curvature invariants are infinite in number and there is no guarantee that imposing constraint on some lower order curvature invariant terms, all the higher order terms will be bounded. Hence, 'Limiting Curvature Hypothesis' (LCH) [1] had been invoked. LCH states that a finite number of curvature invariants should be bounded and one of those, say I2, should have the property that I2 = 0 singles out a particular nonsingular solution as the only one. In the process all the infinite set of curvature invariants are automatically bounded. If the limiting space is de-Sitter, then for a isotropic Universe, LCH implies that the initial and the final stages of cosmological evolution for a closed Universe will give de-Sitter phase, while baby Universes will arise at the centre of the Black-Hole and eventually gravitational collapse is avoided.
Here, the scalar field ϕ2 has been introduced to obtain nonsingular solutions, while ϕ1 bounds the curvature invariants for these nonsingular solutions. The potentials V1(ϕ1) and V2(ϕ2) should be chosen in a manner such that (i) for ϕ i ≪ 1, the leading terms in the action gives back Einstein's theory and (ii) their asymptotic behaviour should be such that LCH may be realized, which requires V1(ϕ1) → constant as ϕ1→ ∞, and V2(ϕ2) → 0 as ϕ2 → ∞. For a at Robertson-Walker metric, they ([2] &[3]) had obtained a first order differential equation containing fields and the potentials and had drawn a phase diagram in ϕ1-ϕ2 plane, for some particular choice of the potentials. The phase diagram indicates nonsingular solutions in all regions and de-Sitter phase in the asymptotic region. In a nut-shell, the results obtained [4] are the following. Firstly, all the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solutions are nonsingular. Next, Two dimensional cosmological and Black-Hole solutions are nonsingular. Such Black-Hole solutions in particular, exhibit Schwarzchild solution at large radial co-ordinate and never evaporate completely [5]. Finally, there are evidence that nonsingular solutions may exist for four-dimensional Black-Holes and homogeneous-anisotropic cosmological models. Further, LCH has also been applied to dilaton-cosmology [6, 7] and as a result, a class of spacially flat bouncing cosmological solutions have emerged. This construction is definitely appealing in itself, however, it also incorporates some additional features in quantum domain. In the path integral formulation of quantum gravity, one has to analytically continue the Lorentzian space of indefinite metric to the Euclidean space of positive definite metric in order to ensure convergence of the path integral. Nevertheless, since Euclidean action of the gravitational field is not bounded from below, the path integral never really converges. The action presented by Mukhanov and Brandenberger [2] and Brandenberger, Mukhanov and Sornborger [3] is bounded from below, and therefore, the corresponding path integral converges. In addition, since the initial and the final stages of cosmological evolution are de-Sitter, so one gets Lorentzian wormholes instead of Euclidean. Finally, as the authors had claimed that the theory can incorporate matter field and also can be extended to include anisotropic models, so it appears that the model is of greater interest with a wide spectrum of its applicability.
In the theory under consideration, two scalar fields, one of which is non-dynamical, have been nonminimally coupled to gravity, containing higher order curvature invariant term. Thus, along with the lapse function N(t), an additional Lagrange multiplier is required in connection with the non-dynamical Scalar field, leading to classically constrained gravity theory. Study of Quantum cosmological aspects of such a constrained theory may reveal more important cosmological implications. eg., in a recent work, such an attempt was made by Gabadadze and Shang [8] for a different classically constrained theory of gravity, which has been found to admit solutions, absent from general theory of relativity. However, the new solutions have some wonderful features like,-the spatially flat de-Sitter Universe can be created from nothing, has boundaries, with vanishing total energy, etc. [9]. So, it appears worth to study the quantum cosmological aspects of the theory under consideration. Therefore, the constrained Hamiltonian dynamics of the theory under consideration has been studied along the line of Dirac's algorithm to find a constraint free primary Hamiltonian. Despite the fact that the theory under consideration contains constraints in addition to the Hamiltonian constraint of the standard theory of gravity, no attempt has been made to find the true degrees of freedom and to find the expression for the Hamiltonian in the reduced phase space. Rather, it has been quantized in the same tune of Wheeler-deWitt equation, |Ψ > = 0. However, since the only justification for a quantized method lies in its success, so the corresponding semiclassical approximation has been treated here explicitly.
The main motivation of this work is to study the connection of the quantum-cosmological equations for the theory under investigation with the Hamilton-Jacobi equations of the classical theory and in the process to point out the difficulty in finding the semiclassical time required to parameterize classical trajectories. It has been observed that it is nontrivial task to extract semiclassical time parameter for such a constrained system. It has been shown that the semiclassical time parameter extracted in the usual manner does not lead to classical constraint equation. Further, the semiclassical time parameter may be found through speculation, but it is complex and requires Wick rotation. It has also been shown that in order to parameterize classical trajectories by an unique real time parameter, it is required to analyze Lagrangian constrained dynamics rather than Hamiltonian.
In the following section we have written down the classical field equations corresponding to the action under consideration for isotropic and homogeneous Robertson-Walker space time. The Hamiltonian and the corresponding Wheeler-deWitt equation have been found in section 3, after analyzing the constraint of the theory. Semiclassical approximation has been made by expressing the wave function as, , and then by expanding S in the powers of M instead of ħ. In the process, Hamilton-Jacobi equation has been found in section 4. In section 5, the usual procedure to extract the semiclassical time parameter has been attempted. However, it fails to fulfill the basic requirement of reproducing classical (Hamiltonian) constraint equation. Other naive techniques to find the time parameter have also been explored. Section 6 is devoted to follow an involved technique to find the unique semiclassical time parameter, which is the main motivation of the present paper. In section 7, a source term has been incorporated in the action and the same procedure has been followed. In the process, the functional Schrödinger equation has been found and the uniqueness of the semiclassical time parameter has been proved without ambiguity. The outcome of the present work has been summarized in section (8). Finally, we have added up an appendix in section 9, to remind the readers about the semiclassical approximation in quantum cosmology.
2 Formalism
where, V1(ϕ1) and V2(ϕ2) are the potentials corresponding to the pair of apparently non-dynamical scalar fields ϕ1 and ϕ2 respectively. LCH may be realized from the above action (1), only for some appropriate choice of the potentials. Action (1) leads to Einstein's theory at small curvature, provided, V i (ϕ i ) ~ , at |ϕ i | ≪ 1, where, i = 1, 2. Further, to realize LCH, first requirement is to bound the curvature and the next is to obtain nonsingular solutions. Curvature is bounded provided, V1(ϕ1) ~ ϕ1 at |ϕ1| ≫ 1 and de Sitter solution is obtained in the asymptotic region, provided, V2(ϕ2) ~ constant, at |ϕ2| ≫ 1.
The phase diagram for a particular choice of the potentials was plotted by Mukhanov and Brandenberger [2], showing four different classes of trajectories. In the first, the trajectory starts from the de-Sitter phase as ϕ2 → - ∞ and evolves through to de-Sitter as ϕ2 → ∞. In the second, for small initial values of ϕ1 trajectory starts at ϕ2 = -∞ reaches a turning point and returns to ϕ2 = -∞. In the third, the trajectory shows periodic solutions about Minkowski space-time ϕ1 = ϕ2 = 0. Finally, in the fourth class, trajectories starting with small ϕ1 and , along with ϕ2 ≥ 0, evolve towards de-Sitter at ϕ2 = ∞. In a nutshell, all the phase trajectories are either periodic about Minkowski space-time or else they asymptotically approach to de Sitter space. Hence all solutions are nonsingular. It is important to note that if vanishes, ϕ2 turns out to be a constant and as a result vanishes and the resulting solutions again become singular. However, the condition > 0 is satisfied by all the potentials chosen by Mukhanov and Brandenberger [2].
3 Analyzing the constraint and the Wheeler-deWitt equation
It is important to note that in the process of developing an action that might produce nonsingular cosmological solutions, the determinant of the Hessian, , corresponding to the Lagrangian of the above action (3) vanishes, and so the action becomes singular. Vanishing of the determinant of Hessian, signals the presence of constraint in the theory which should be analyzed step by step carefully. Dirac algorithm [10] is the best known technique to handle such constrained system and to construct the Hamiltonian. Before we proceed, let us recapitulate a few important artefact of Dirac's algorithm.
1. Firstly we remember that the existence of an infinite invariance group leads to first class constraints, while singular Lagrangians which do not possess a local gauge invariance leads to second class constraints.
2. The rank of W ij for a system having 2 N phase space variables (that does not contain time explicitly) is N. For a singular Lagrangian it is R <N. under this circumstances there exists a non-degenerate R × R matrix W αa , such that can be solved for as , where, a → 1, ...., R, ρ → R + 1, ...., N. In the process one finds, r = N - R primary constraints, p r = g r (q, p α ), which originate from the definition of momentum.
3. Now if a function F(q, p) be defined on the primary phase space (this will be defined shortly) Γ p < Γ, then the restriction on F to Γ p is achieved by replacing p r by g r (q, p α ). If F vanishes identically after this replacement, then it is called weakly vanishing and is denoted by F ≈ 0. If in addition the gradient of F also vanishes, then it is called strongly vanishing and is denoted by F ≃ 0.
- 5.
- 6.
One needs to check the consistency condition of the secondary constraints again, i.e., if the constraints are preserved in time. Again for the secondary constraints, if the poisson brackets of some (say l), vanish with all other, then they are first class and for them {χ l , H c } ≈ 0. Otherwise they are second class in nature and the Lagrange multipliers are determined in the process. There are as many undetermined Lagrange multipliers as there are first class primary constraints. If all the constraints are second class then the primary Hamiltonian together with the primary and secondary constraints constitute the field equations, which may be solved in principle, leaving no arbitrariness in the solutions.
- 7.
Finally, one can try to find the true degrees of freedom and express the Hamiltonian in the reduced phase space Γ R . However, it is a very difficult tusk, if not impossible in most of the situations. Even without finding the reduced Hamiltonian it is possible to quantize the theory. There is no unique prescription in this regard. Any quantum theory may be considered to be the correct one if it can go over to the classical counterpart through a suitable correspondence principle.
It is interesting to note that the classical field equations (4) through (7) reduce to the vacuum Einstein's equations at any stage of cosmic evolution as ϕ1 = ϕ2 = 0. However, the primary Hamiltonian (12) once constructed in view of the constrained system under investigation, is different from (13) and does not ever reduce to the vacuum Einstein's equation. This fact has been manifested in the linear appearance of p a in Hp1. The fact that here p a appears linearly in the Hamiltonian, clearly differentiates all actions (corresponding to minimal and standard non-minimal coupling) with the present one.
where, q takes care of some of the operator ordering ambiguities. We observe that, neither nor term appears in the Wheeler-deWitt equation (14), which may have some deep significance, not presently known.
4 Semiclasical approximation
Reparametrization invariance of the theory of gravity leads to the Hamiltonian constraint yielding Wheeler-deWitt equation. Despite the fact that the theory under consideration has additional constraints, we have not made any attempt to find the true degrees of freedom to construct the Hamiltonian in the reduced phase space Γ R . Rather, the corresponding quantum equation (14) has been constructed in the same tune of the standard Wheeler-deWitt equation |Ψ > = 0. Now the obvious question is, "does equation (14) alone represents the quantum version of the classical field equations (4) through (7)"? Other way round one may ask, "is it possible to set up a correspondence between the Wheeler-deWitt equation (14) and the classical equations (4) through (7)"?. Since, the constraint free Hamiltonian represents the correct one to reproduce all the classical field equations, so the answer to the question raised above is positive, if under a suitable semiclassical prescription, one can find a semiclassical notion of time to recover the Hamilton constraint equation (6) from the Wheeler-deWitt equation (14). It is a nontrivial task which we shall take up in this and in the following sections.
This is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. It can be identified with the Hamiltonian constraint equation (6) only under an appropriate choice of semiclassical time parameter. Following two sections are devoted to find the semiclassical time parameter.
5 Semiclassical time parameter - standard technique
The problem is that, this choice of time parameter does not lead to classical constraint equation (6). This is because, appearing in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation (16) is not obtainable from it and as a result, remains arbitrary. This is the source of trouble that we encounter in the present situation, to parameterize classical trajectories with semiclassical time parameter following usual procedure. Thus, the standard procedure does not work in the classically constrained system under consideration.
With this technique of parametrization, classical constraint equation (6) is automatically reproduced, but the problem associated with this time parameter is that, there still exists an arbitrariness in the form of the arbitrary parameter n = n(a, ϕ1, ϕ2). Thus, the time parameter is not unique, and something else should be tried.
It is interesting to note that simply by inspection one can choose a time parameter free from such arbitrariness as,
This time parameter reproduces equation (6), in view of Hamilton-Jacobi equation (16). However, this is purely intuitive on one hand and is imaginary on the other. So we must find an involved technique for this purpose.
6 Semiclassical time parameter - an involved technique
One can now easily obtain , and from above time parameter (23) and substituting these in equation (16), one can reproduce equation (6). To check whether we have found the correct and unique semiclassical time parameter let us continue by including a source term (in the form of a dynamical scalar field) in the model.
7 Including a source term
where, S0 is obtainable from equation (35), f from (38) and D from (39) or (40). So at the end we observe that under the same choice of time parameter (23), one can parameterize the classical trajectories by reproducing classical source free gravitational equation (6) from the source free Hamilton-Jacobi equation (35) at one hand, while the M0 order term (36) can be identified with the functional Schrödinger equation (38) for the field σ propagating in the background of curved space time, on the other. This time parametrization is unique since equation (38) reduces to the functional Schrödinger equation only under the choice of the real time parameter (23) leaving no arbitrariness. This choice is correct since it fulfills both the requirements of obtaining functional Schrödinger equation and parametrization of the classical trajectories.
8 Concluding remarks
In a series of works, Brandenberger, Mukhanov, Sornborger and others [2–4] and [6] constructed a nonsingular gravitational action by invoking limiting curvature hypothesis (LCH) and studied its classical aspects. The action contains a couple of scalar fields, one of which (ϕ2) is required to guarantee nonsingular solutions, while the other (ϕ1) binds the curvature invariants. The corresponding potentials are chosen in such a manner that for |ϕ i | ≪ 1, Einstein's theory is recovered at one hand and their asymptotic behaviour should be such that LCH may be realized on the other. In the present work, we have studied the quantum cosmological aspect of the theory and made a connection of the quantum cosmological equation with the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the classical theory. The answer to the question that, why it is at all necessary to quantize a nonsingular Universe model, lies in fact that some new results have been unveiled in the process and a non-trivial technique of parameterizing the classical trajectories has been found. Summarily, the results are,
1.) Introduction of the scalar field ϕ1 in the action (1), only introduces yet another constraint equation (other than the Hamiltonian constraint). Thus it is essentially a classically constrained theory of gravity and so one has to deal with such constraints critically, which we have done using Dirac's algorithm.
2.) In the absence of the scalar fields, the classical field equations reduce to those corresponding to standard theory of gravity. However, the Hamiltonian obtained after analyzing the constraint, does not give Einstein's theory back. Likewise, the Wheeler-deWitt equation is free from first derivative terms , and thus is quite different from those obtained in view of standard and other nonstandard (nonminimally coupled) theories of gravity.
3.) The wave function is real for k = ± 1, unlike the situation encountered in standard gravity theory (see appendix), where, k = +1 leads to a complex wave function.
4.) The semiclassical time parameter required to parameterize classical trajectories can be found in a unique way only by using the technique of Lagrange undetermined multiplier in the Lagrangian constrained dynamics, rather than using Hamiltonian formalism.
9 Appendix
Paramerizing Einstein's gravity with a minimally coupled scalar field with semiclassical time
where, p takes care of some of the operator ordering ambiguities.
9.1 Expansion with power series of Planck's constant ħ
Under this choice of time parameter (48), equation (45) produces Einstein's equation (42). This has been shown by Kiefer [12], taking, a = exp α and using the unit M = 1. It is important to note that the choice of the semiclassical time parameter does not involve operator ordering ambiguity. Equation (45) can in principle be solved for S0 and to this order of approximation one obtains . Higher order terms of ħ produce fluctuations around the classical trajectory S0 and hence introduce corrections to the wave-functional Ψ.
9.2 Expansion with power series of Planck's mass M
I would like to thank prof. R. Brandenberger and the reviewers for going through the manuscript and rendering some valuable comments and suggestions.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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