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Help boost the Health Society membership! Join with a life-time membership of only $10.00. A strong society membership base gives credibility to the mission of the society. Support all the worthwhile endeavors of the society by submitting your membership.
Volunteers are always needed. Volunteers are the backbone of the society operation so new participants are always welcome. New board members are welcome but other participation is great for new ideas. Contact any of the board members listed or leave your name at the health centre.
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subset: commoncrawl


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There was an I am Second booth at the Celebrate Freedom concert on Saturday, and I had the opportunity to meet a lot of you who are fans. However, I couldn't shake the feeling that I am Second has been more of a consumable product for self growth than a tool to reach others. I could be wrong, but hear me out. Of course, there's nothing wrong with being encouraged by I am Second, but are you using it to encourage others as well? Are you sharing it with people that aren't believers? It's kind of like the difference between buying headphones—something that will help you personally listen to your music and buying a speaker—something that will help you hear the music yourself, but also share your music with others. My challenge is that you use I am Second as an encouragement for yourself and as a tool to reach others. Use it as both. Start an I am Second group. Use our materials in an existing small group. Add the link to the end of your facebook status. Volunteer somewhere and wear an I am Second shirt. Tell someone you care about to check out the site and then grab coffee with them to talk about it. Write a blog post about it. Suggest the fanpage to your friends on facebook. Show a video at church. Write the URL on your receipt when you go out to eat. Put a bumper sticker on your car. Buy a t-shirt and wear it when you're going to be in a place with a lot of people. Use it! Use it as a tool to reach those who don't know Christ or those that do that need to be spurred on towards Christ.
So what are you using I am Second as? Headphones or loud speakers?
Just a challenge-


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[Page 14 - English] [Page 23 - Hebrew]
Abraham Dragon
I wish to describe my birth-town to the young generation.
The town of Zuromin was a small town with about half of its inhabitants Jewish. They lived in the center of the town. Some were shopkeepers, others shoemakers, tailors, etc. They did not earn a lot of money but they lived respectably. It was a small town but it had a rich cultural life. There was a cheder where Torah was taught. In another cheder, Hebrew was taught. Years before the war, a library was established named after the writer I.L. Peretz. In the great hall of this library, plays were performed, lectures were given, etc. There was also a football team in town.
There were institutions in our town for social services, like bikur cholim, which gave free medical service to those who needed it. In 1938 Tipat Chalav (child care center) was established with the help of Zuromin Jews who emigrated to the United States. In this child care center, they used to give a roll and a glass of milk to every child.
Politically, all the parties that existed in Poland existed in Zuromin too. Life carried on like that until the Second World War broke out. On the second day of the war, all the youngsters Christians as well as Jews were ordered to leave the town. The town was attacked by German planes and that was when David Goldak of our town was killed the first victim of the war.
A short time after that we returned home and no Germans were seen in town on Yom Kippur evening. That night some Germans came to town and made a list of the Jews who lived here. They returned on the morning of Shmini Azeret (the last day of Sukkot) and ordered all men aged 18-45 to be at the municipality at a specific hour. Then they separated the Jews from the Christians. The Christians were sent back home and the Jews were expelled to Lidzbark. There we had to collect potatoes. On that Simchat Torah night the Jewish shul (synagogue) was burnt down.
On Cheshvan 26 (the second month according to the Jewish calander) all the Jews of our town were expelled to Warsaw. On this day a Jew named Izchak Lapko was shot. He was the first victim of the Holocaust (and that was why we decided that this day would be the memorial day for the Jews of our town who were killed in the Holocaust). When we got to Warsaw, we had no dwelling place. So a few families of Zuromin found dwelling in the shul. We, the youngsters, did odd jobs to bring bread to our families. Conditions were terrible. It was very cold and we had no warm clothes. We lay paper on the floor and covered ourselves with paper. This was our only means of keeping ourselves a bit warmer.
After a short period, the Germans established the Warsaw Ghetto and we were left jobless. We used to sneak secretly out of the ghetto, evading the Germans, to bring into the ghetto some potatoes and corn. We would sell the stolen merchandise and use the money we received to get supplies for our families.
A short while later, the Germans planned to send my brother Shlomo and myself to a concentration camp. We left the ghetto secretly and got to Plonsk, all by ourselves. Our parents, sisters and brother stayed in Warsaw. We earned our living by working for farmers in the nearby villages. A short time later we sent a message to Warsaw to help our parents, sisters and brother escape and join us. My father and elder sister stayed in Warsaw because my father was ill and my sister was taking care of him. They both starved to death. My mother, brother and younger sister did manage to escape out of Warsaw and join us, but after a time they were sent to the death camp, Auschwitz. My brother Shlomo and myself were sent to Birkenau, where we met other Jews from Zuromin.
We stayed in Birkenau for over two years. Fortunately we stayed alive. We came to Israel and have been living here to this very day. Together with other people from Zuromin, we decided to build a memorial for our townspeople who were exterminated, on which are engraved the names of the families so that they will be remembered not forgotten.
The Fate Of The Candlesticks
The chronicles of the candlesticks are incredible. For 50 years they have been in exile in Poland, knowing nought of Sabbath candles or holidays candles. They lay in exile, mourning their fate, while days, weeks, months and years went by, hoping for redemption, which failed to arrive. Fifty years had passed, and the day of redemption from amongst the Goyim (gentiles) had arrived. So many tears had my mother shed and so many prayers had she said when lighting Sabbath and holiday candles, whispering lehadlik ner shel Shabbat (to light the Sabbath candles). Fifty years, standing, awaiting redemption, which materialized finally. From now on you will once again stand on a Jewish table at Shabbat and at holidays, and we will once again light the candles, and you shall beautify the table with your holiness.
|In the photograph is the mother of the family, Malka Dragon,
and the candlesticks that were hidden with Christians in the
village. The Christian mother of the family, who was no longer
alive, believed that Shlomo would come to take them.
[Page 16 - English] [Page 25 - Hebrew]
Shlomo Dragon
Auschwitz, 10-11 May, 1945. The investigating judge of the Krakow district, Van Sehn, member of the investigating committee of Nazi war crimes in Auschwitz, by advice and presence of Dr. Ian Sygmund Rubbel based on Clause 254 regarding Paragraphs 107, 105, 115, and 124 of criminal law. Hear the testimony of Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, whose number is 80359, testifying as follows:
My name is Shlomo Dragon, born on March 19th, 1922, in the town of Zuromin, Sierpc district, to Daniel and Malka of the Bekerman family (both are not among the living); not married, tailor by trade, Jewish, a full citizen of Poland, who prior to encampment lived at No.1 Biezun Street, in Zuromin, now probably at No.1 Warsaw St.
I arrived at Auschwitz in a transport of about 2,500 Jews of both sexes and varying ages from the Mlawa Ghetto on December 7th, 1942. We were received by the commander of the camp Fluge, Raportfuhrer Pallitch, and the camp doctor, Mengele. As we arrived we were driven through the selection scourge, thus being separated into two groups women and children in one, men in the other. From the men, 400 were selected (myself among them) to be marched on foot to the Birkenau-Brzezinka camp. The rest of the men were joined with the women and children, and they were all driven by lorries outside of the camp.
Our group was located in Shack 3, in a part of the camp later designated for women. We were later transfered to the old sauna, Building 22 and Building 14 in the same part of the camp. On the evening of December 9th, SS men Moll, Fluge, Pallitch, and Schebe, along with Mikosh the work scheduler, arrived at Block 14. Moll announced that he would select from among us workers for a rubber factory. Each one approached him to be questioned about his occupation and to be observed. If he was regarded strong and healthy, he would be passed to the group of rubber factory laborers. My brother and myself declared we were tailors, and were selected by Moll and his assistants for the labor group. The next day, December 10th, after the groups left for labor, he reached Block 14 and ordered: SonderKommando out! We therefore deduced we were part of a special group, and not ordinary rubber laborers. We could not say what this special group was, for we had received no explanation as to our duties. We stood as ordered in front of the block. We were immediately surrounded by SS men who led us in two groups, 100 men each, outside the camp. We were brought to a forest in which a straw-roofed shack stood. The windows were blocked with bricks and on its door was a sign: High Voltage, Danger. Thirty or 40 yards away were two wooden shacks. On the far side of the shacks were four pits, 30 yards by 7 yards across, 3 yards deep. The rims of the pits were pitched and charred. We were made to stand in front of the shack, and Moll announced that we were to work cremating old people with lice; we would receive food and lodging within the camp, and unless we worked we would be beaten. He assured us that those who did not work would experience their sticks and feel the wrath of the dogs they brought.
We were divided into several groups. The job of 11 other men and myself, it became clear, was to drag the bodies from the shack. We received gas masks and were ordered to the door. Moll opened the door, and only then did we see that within the shack lay the bodies of people of varying ages and of both sexes. Moll ordered us to take the bodies out to the yard. We started by four of us taking each body, which raised Moll's anger. He rolled up his sleeves and threw bodies into the yard through the door. In spite of his example, we told him we could [editor's note, I believe the word 'not' needs to be added here] work as he did, and he allowed us to resume the work in pairs. When the bodies had all been laid in the yard, a dentist, guarded closely by an SS man, took out all the gold teeth. A barber, also guarded by an SS man, came and cut the bodies' hair. Afterwards, another group collected the bodies and loaded them onto carts that stood on narrow rails, leading to the pits. The rails ran between two pits. One group was busy preparing the pits for the cremation. They first put thick logs at the bottom, thinner branches upon them in criss-cross fashion, and finally dry branches. Another group took the bodies from the carts and threw them into the pits. When everything had been prepared, Moll poured kerosene in the four corners, lit an ebonite comb, and threw it to where he had poured the kerosene. The fire rose and consumed the bodies. During all this process, we stood in front of the shack and watched closely. After the bodies were taken out we were forced to clean the shack, wash the floor with water, spread sawdust and white-wash the walls. The shack was divided inside into four cells: the largest could contain up to 1,200 people, the second 700, the third 400, and the fourth 200 to 250 people. In the wall of the largest cell there were two lattices. The other three had but one lattice.
These lattices were closed by a wooden door. Each cell had a different entrance. On the main door was a sign warning: High Voltage, Danger. The sign was seen only when the door was closed, and when open, a sign could be seen saying: To the Bathing. Those condemned to die in the cell saw the other sign, posted on the cell doors, which said: To the Disinfection. Behind this door there was, of course, no disinfection, for it was the door through which we dragged the dead bodies out to the yard. The description of the cell as I have given was drawn by Eng. Nussel of Auschwitz. This cell was called Bunker 2. Apart from it, about 500 yards away, was Bunker 1. It also was a brick building which had but two cells, containing the sum of up to 2,000 naked souls. These cells had only one door and one lattice each. Next to Bunker 1 stood a barn with two shacks. The pits were further away, served by hundreds of carts on rails. At the end of the first working day we were led back to the camp, not to Block 14 from which we left that morning, but to Block 2, to which the second group also returned. As it happens, they were working in Bunker 1. The block was separated from the rest of the camp by a wall. We were forbidden from associating with prisoners from the other blocks. The poisoning of prisoners did not require the whole group. It was usually done at night, when about 20 of the men were picked to help in this work. The poisoning itself was done mainly by SS men, by bringing the people in lorries to the shacks. We would then help the sick to dismount and undress in the room. They all disrobed in the shack. The shacks and the space between them were surrounded by SS and their hounds. The naked people would then go from the shack to the cell. The SS men standing near the door hurried them with sticks. When the cell was filled with people, the SS men closed the door, and Mengele ordered his assistant Rottenfuhrer Steinmetz to commence. He exclaimed Steinmetz, get it over with! Steinmetz would then take a canister of gas, a hammer and a special knife out of the Red Cross van, which followed every condemned transport. He would put on a mask, open the canister with the knife and hammer and pour its contents through the lattice into the cell, and close it. He would then take the empty canister, the hammer and knife and put them back with the mask into the car. This van was commonly called zenker by the Germans among themselves. I myself have heard many a time Mengele asking his assistants: Is the zenker here? After committing these actions, Mengele and his assistants drove away with the sanitary van and we were brought back to the block. I know not how it was at the beginning, but later on, after such a poisoning, SS guards would stay near the bunker cell. It actually happened that when the bunker was left unguarded, crates of gold teeth which (among other things) were kept in the shacks, were stolen.
The bodies lay in the bunker until morning, when the cremation group arrived. The cremation process was the same process as I described on the first day, when I worked in Bunker 2. The belongings of the dead people were sorted by a special group and transported to the Effectenkammer in Auschwitz. The pits were emptied of ashes, usually 48 hours after the cremation. The ashes still contained bits of bone. We saw skulls, knee caps and long bones, and shoveled the ashes to the pits' rims. Then came lorries, onto which we loaded the ashes to be transfered to the river Sola. There we unloaded the lorries into the river, under close supervision by SS men, of course. The space between the lorries and the water was covered first by cloths, so that not a single bit of ashes would touch the ground. As instructed by the SS men, we would throw the ashes onto the water so they would not sink to the bottom, but be carried away in the current. Afterwards, we would shake the cloths well into the water and sweep the place. The dead bodies were mainly lying down when the door was opened, men pressed together in layers; some were in an inclined position. In many cases I have seen white froth on the lips of the dead. It was very hot inside the cell, and traces of sweet tasting gas could still be sensed. The canisters which contained the gas were made of metal, with yellow stickers, exactly like the ones later used in the crematorium. In both bunkers mainly Jewish transports from Poland, and later on from Lithuania, France and Berlin, were poisoned.
Bunker 1 was completely dismantled by 1943. After Crematorium 2 was built, the shacks next to Bunker 2 were also dismantled and the pits were covered. The bunker itself remained to the end and, after a long pause, was reactivated to poison Hungarian Jews. New shacks were then built and the pits were reopened. Day and night shifts then worked near Bunker 2. I myself worked there for two days. During this period we took the bodies out of the cell a shorter time after the poisoning than before. Therefore it sometimes occured that when we entered the cell we could still hear moaning, especially when we grasped the bodies with our hands to drag them outside. In one case we discovered a live baby who was wholly encased in a pillow. Its head was also covered, and after removing the pillow it turned out that the baby's eyes were open, and it seemed alive. We brought the baby to Oberscharfuhrer Moll, announcing that the baby was still alive. Moll took the baby to the pit's edge, put it on the ground, trod on its neck and threw it into the pyre. With my own two eyes I have seen that when he trod on his neck, the baby moved his arms. He did not cry, so I was unable to determine whether he breathed or not, but nonetheless he seemed different than the dead bodies. Bunkers 1 and 2 contained about 4,000 people, Bunker 2 itself more than 2,000.
In 1943 we were transfered from the women's camp to camp B II D, Block 13, and then on to Block 11. During autumn of that year I somehow was reassigned to the Sonderkommando. In between jobs, I was part of a wrecking team. I worked near Crematorium 5. Until May 1944 I worked in gardening, wood cutting and Koks (coke) moving, since the crematorium was activated only in May 1944, when the Hungarian transports began arriving.
The crematorium work was managed by Moll, and the supervisors were Bogher and Eckhardt. Among the guards were Kurzschluss and Gutz. This crematorium was built like Crematorium 4. In both were four furnaces on each side, each furnace containing up to three bodies. The gas chambers and the disrobing room were partially below ground.
Poisoning was carried out in the same manner as in Bunkers 1 and 2. The people were transfered in lorries, and towards the end, after setting the rails to Brzezinka, I was rushed to Crematoriums 4 and 5. The newcomers entered a wardrobe, rushed by an SS man named Burger, who told them to hurry so the food and coffee would still be hot. People asked for plain water, but he answered that the water was cold and not for drinking; therefore they had to hurry, and when they came out of the bathing they would receive hot tea made for them. When they were all inside, he stood on a bench and addressed them, telling them they had arrived at a camp where the healthy ones would go to work and where the sick and the women would remain inside the blocks. He showed them the boundaries, and told them that they should first bathe, otherwise the camp management would not allow their entry. After everyone disrobed, they were rushed into the gas chambers. At first, there had been only three cells, and near the end a fourth cell was erected. The first contained 1,500 people, the second 800, the third 600 and the fourth 150. From the wardrobe, people entered the cell through a narrow corridor. Inside the cells were signs To the disinfection. When the cell filled, SS closed the door. Usually Oberscharfuhrer Moll closed it himself.
Later on, Mengele ordered Steinmetz to carry out his actions, as it was near the bunkers. He would go to the van with the Red Cross, take out the gas canister, open it and throw its contents into the cell through the lattice in the side wall. The lattice was pretty high, so he had had to climb a small ladder, here also with a mask on. After some time Mengele would announce that the people were not alive, phrasing it It's over, and together they drove off in the Red Cross van.
Moll then opened the gas chamber's door, and we would put on our masks and drag the bodies from the cells, through the narrow corridor, into the wardrobe and from there through a corridor to the furnaces. In the first corridor, next to the entry door, barbers would cut the hair, and in the second, dentists took out gold teeth. The bodies were put on metal stretchers mounted on wheels, and pushed into the furnace. The bodies were stacked in trios: two of them parallel, head to head, and the third arranged so the head rested on the latter's legs. By the time we put the third body in place, the bodies previously put inside the furnace were already on fire. I saw that due to the heat, the hands shrank and then the legs. All in all, we were in a rush, and could not see the entire cremation process. We had to hurry because of the lifting of limbs, which made it difficult for us to stack the third body in the right place. We used the stretchers in this manner: two prisoners would lift the end farther from the furnace, and one lifted the closer end. After the stretcher was guided into place, one prisoner would hold the bodies in place with a rake,and the other two would pull the stretcher from underneath them. After filling a furnace, we moved on to the next one.
Cremation took 15 to 20 minutes. Afterwards, we opened the furnaces' doors and filled them with more bodies. When the transports from Hungary arrived, we worked in two shifts in Crematorium 5, the day shift from 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM and night shift from 6:30 PM to 6:30 AM. This job lasted about three months, for the crematorium was not enough, and pits were dug next to it three big ones and two smaller ones. The body cremation process was the same process used near Bunkers 1 and 2. Here, too, Moll was the cremator. The ashes were taken out in a similar fashion, crushed to dust in special containers and moved to the river. The crematoriums' ashes were first buried in special ditches, and later on, as the Red Army started attacking, Hoess, the commander of the camp, ordered the ashes to be dug out and moved to the Sola river.
The gas chambers in Crematorium 5 were approximately 2.25 meters high, for I couldn't touch the ceiling by reaching up with my hand. The ceiling stood about 25 inches above the doorway. The lower edge of the lattice through which the Zyklon gas was poured into the cell was within reach of an average man lifting his hand, but Steinmetz had a small ladder on which he climbed to reach the lattice. This was also done by other SS men in different periods, though I cannot recall their names. I do remember, however, Steinmetz's name, for at the beginning he was in charge of our Sonderkommando group. I cannot recall his first name. He was a medium-height man, shorter than me, a blonde of about 26. He always got Slovakian girls for various services. I know not in which language he spoke to them.
The supervisor of Crematoriums 4 and 5, along with Bunker 2, was Hauftscharfuhrer Moll. He was a fleshy, medium-height man, his blonde hair swept sideways. He had a false left eye, and his age was about 37. His wife, ten-year-old son and seven-year-old daughter lived in the town of Auschwitz.
Dr. Mengele, the camp doctor, was usually present during the poisoning. He was a tall man, with fair hair, about 40. He always arrived with the Red Cross van, in which the Zyklon gas was brought. All the group members saw that during the process he stood next to the gas chamber's door, which had a small lattice. After the poisoning, the door would open on his command. As the bodies were dragged out, he was already on his way in the notorious sanitary van. Never have I seen Mengele examining the people who were about to be slaughtered or the dead bodies.
At the beginning of May 1944, the killing and cremation of the Jews of Hungary began. The bodies of those who arrived in the first transports were cremated in crematorium 4 due to malfunctions in the furnaces of Crematorium 5. Until the end of the period, the Jews of Hungary were cremated in pits dug for this purpose near Crematorium 5. Five pits were dug, 25 yards long each, 6 yards wide and 3 yards deep. Around 5,000 people were cremated in those pits daily.
In accordance with the large numbers of people arriving each day, Bunker 2 was reactivated for the purpose of killing and cremating people. I know not how many people were cremated each day, for at the time I did not work near Bunker 2. All places then worked in two shifts, day and night. This labor was carried out through May and June of 1944. According to my calculations, during those two months about 300,000 people were cremated in Crematorium 5. Those people were rushed on foot straight from the railway station to Crematorium 5. Among them were men, women and children of various ages. When a transport arrived, we were locked in two small rooms intended for this purpose, so as to not come in contact with the transport people, so we would not be able to warn them of their impending fate. Nonetheless, it sometimes occured that a person would be too weak to walk by himself and then, supervised by an SS man, we were forced to take him to the Crematorium. On such occasions we used to talk, more than once, with the carried person. Most did not realize they were going to their death, nor would they believe us when we warned them. I remember that in 1943 about 70,000 Jews of Greek origin were slain, for at the time, Keller, the supervisor of Crematorium 2 and 3, told us that our idling days were over, because 70,000 people were due to arrive from Greece. He informed us thus because there was a perceived slowing in crematorium activity, and our work was easier. On matters of other nationalities I have no data, and cannot determine how many victims of each were annihilated in Auschwitz. It is my estimate, however, that over four million people were slain in the two bunkers and the four crematoriums. Other members of the Sonderkommando held the same view. The Kommando's secretary Grodowski, born in Grodno, maintained a list containing a record of the number of people killed and cremated, based on data received from prisoners who worked in the crematoriums, and according to prisoners' assessment through their labor. He was killed in the uprising of October 1944, when 500 prisoners of the Sonderkommando out of a total of 700 were shot to death. One hundred worked in Crematorium 2, one hundred more in Crematorium 3, and 500 in Crematorium 4. Grodowski's records were buried near Crematorium 2, in an area surrounded with barbed wire, where I dug them out and handed them to the Soviet Committee. Along with the numerical records was a letter addressed To the finder, translated to Hebrew by request of the committee by prisoner Dr. Gordon. The committee took the material with it. I also know that in the Crematorium 2 area more records and the deceaseds' papers are buried. There should be a search, for since the blowing up of the crematorium I can no longer find my exact bearings, because the explosion changed the area. I did not work in Crematoriums 2 and 3. Zissner and Mandelbaum were working there, and Tauber worked with me after being transferred from Crematorium 1 in Auschwitz to Brzezinka. The Sonderkommando was assembled mainly with Slovakians prior to December 1942, who were murdered in Crematorium 1 in Auschwitz. As I noted, my group included 200 men, and shortly afterwards 200 more joined. Later on 200 were sent to Lublin, and 20 Russians from there joined us. From them we learned that those 200 sent to Lublin were shot to death. In 1943, 200 Greek Jews joined, and in 1944, 500 from Hungary. In October most of the latter were murdered, 400 of them in the Crematorium 4 yard, and 100 more in a field near Crematorium 2. In the same month Moll selected 200 more prisoners and sent them to Auschwitz, as we had later learned from the Kanada group, whose job was to sort the dead's belongings, to be disinfected in a clothing disinfection warehouse. In November 1944 an additional 100 prisoners were sent, we were told, to Grossrosen Camp. They were sent on a punishment transport.
After all those reductions, the group remained at 100 prisoners. Crematorium 5 was active until the Germans' last days in the camp, after which it was blown up just prior to their fleeing. Near the end, only the dead and those murdered in the camp were cremated in the crematorium. There were no more poisonings. Thirty prisoners would then work in the crematorium and the rest, myself among them, worked in dismantling Crematorium 2 and 3. At the end of May, 1944 the group was moved from Block 11 in section B II D to Crematorium 4, in which I remained until October, 1944. As I mentioned, about 700 prisoners lived there. As the crematorium was overcrowded, and not so many workers were needed, we were ourselves afraid of extermination. We agreed upon an uprising, which was planned for a long time. We had contact with the outside world, we manufactured grenades, and we had arms and a camera. We waited for the third attack of the Red Army. We estimated that only under those conditions did we have a chance of success. We therefore agreed to put it off no more, and act. I do not recall the exact date, but it was a Saturday when we fell upon the SS guards, injuring 12 of them. There might have even been some casualties. During that time, the prisoners of Crematorium 2 were moved, and those of Crematorium 3 were unable to even begin the operation. An SS force immediately arrived at our crematorium, and several units took over the area, shot 500 prisoners, and only those who hid themselves were saved. I myself hid behind some timber, and Tauber hid inside the Crematorium 5 chimney. The rest of the survivors were moved to Crematorium 3. Our lives were spared so that we could be interrogated, but the questioning led nowhere, in spite of search parties and personal interrogations. Following the failure of the uprising we buried the materials, especially the grenades, and stopped the underground actions.
I lived in Crematorium 3 until November 1944, when I was moved with my group to B 11 D camp. I was in Block 3. From October, the time of the uprising I mentioned, I worked in dismantling the crematorium, mainly Crematorium 4, which was burned in the uprising, so we worked on dismantling the walls. The metal parts were sent to Auschwitz, where they remained in storage. Other prisoners were dismantling Crematorium 2 and 3. Their dismantling began on November 1944, and we were told they would be sent to Grossrosen Camp. Metal parts, doors, ventilation equipment, benches, stairwells and various parts were in storage. Note that the doors and window covers in Bunkers 1 and 2 were of the same manufacture as in Crematorium 4 and 5. They were made of heavy wood, thick and insulated with felt in the grooves. The doors were shut with double metal handles, and for perfect sealing, bolted shut. All doors leading to gas chambers had small glass windows in them. In Crematorium 2 and 3 there were no covers, for the openings in the gas chambers were in the ceiling, and were sealed by concrete covers. Enclosed are the drawings of Bunkers 1 and 2, and of Crematorium 5, which was identical to No. 4.
I remained in Block 13 in section B II D untill the beginning of January, 1945. We were moved to Block 16, from which, on January 18th, we were sent towards the Reich. We marched on foot, and near Pszczyna, Tauber and myself were able to slip away from the marching lines. With me, all of the Sonderkommando group, over 100 men in all, were marching. Only a few survived. In the last days, Mazze Van-Klive returned from Holland and without delay went back to his own country. Among those who left Auschwitz were Zabeck Chazhan of Gostynin, Shmuel of France, Leibel of Grodno, Llemke of Skarbanowo, David Nanzel of Rypin, Moshe and Yankel Veingarten of Poland, Sender of Berlin, Moritz of Greece, my brother Avraham Dragon from Zuromin, Poland, Serje of France (the block veteran), Abba of Grodno, Becker Baruch of Luna, Kuzzin of Radom and many others, whose names I cannot remember. It is my intention to return to Zuromin and resume my occupation. I hope my brother shall also return, so that we will work together. I am looking forward to enlisting in the army. After what I have been through I am tired and weak, and would like to lead a normal life, disengage myself from the camp atmosphere and let all the trouble I have been through be forgotten.
Justice: Ian Sehn
Witness: Shlomo Dragon
Prosecutor: Eduard Pechelsky
Reported by: Christina Shymanska
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Updated 29 Feb 2008 by LA


text:
Basic pond conditions:
This is just a guide because no two ponds are the same and water parameters will fluctuate.
Numbers and sizes of fish, size of pond and filters, even food types all change the balance of water keeping, these are basic guide lines to give you an idea of the water parameters sturgeon will be happy in.
Total hardness 50-400ppm
Oxygen 8mg/L
(minimum in summer)
Ammonia (NH3) 0.01 mg/L
Nitrite (No2) 0.01 mg/L
Nitrate (No3) 100 mg/L
Temperature 2c – 22c
Sturgeon are bottom feeders that eat meat, yes they are meat eaters.
Sturgeon DO NOT eat algae and clean the bottom of the pond.
Feed Sturgeon every day a minimum of 4-5% of their body weight. It is better to feed them little amounts but often rather than one big feed per day. Feed throughout the year on sturgeon high protein sinking food/pellet. We use coppens and havent found any better food out there to date.
we suggest 44 – 45% protein content and above because we have grown sturgeon on food with more and less protein percentage. Sturgeon food with less than 44% protein in our opinion do not grow as well. Its standard food and due to malnutrition been the main killer of sturgeon do not scrimp on the protein content to save a few quid. Purchase real sturgeon food and they will grow big, strong and lean not short and fat, like they become if fed on the basic trout pellets.
Best to buy specially made Sturgeon food,
we recommend feeding in the morning evening and before you go off to bed or just after dark due to them being dusk till dawn feeders and very active at night.
Lack of food is the main issue for sturgeon stress and fatalities.
They must be fed daily!
If you miss a feed here and there, okay it happens, try feed daily especially when below a size of 12 inch.
Signs of malnutrition in sturgeon are,
Starting to bend..this is too late, the sturgeon or sterlet is dying and will die from starvation. Although swimming upside down on the surface is a regular sight in juvenile sturgeon as they are always hungry.
To see this behaviour above a size of 12 inch the sturgeon is at least very hungry, up its daily intake of food. Little but often is better.
Sucking the mucus off another fish or sucking the sides of the pond also indicates the sturgeon is starving or at least very hungry.
Sturgeon do not eat algae or clean the bottom of the pond.
Sturgeon will sift through debris in your pond trying to find insects or missed food
but do not to eat the dead leaves and plant debris.
The benefit with sturgeon being a true bottom feeder is the constantly stirring up the debris on the bottom of your pond and this all ends up in the filter leaving a cleaner pond bottom for ponds without bottom drains.
Sturgeon are friendly placid fish that can live along side other species of pond fish including koi, goldfish, orfe and tench etc.
With no issues or problems at all.
Be aware of the larger fish at 4-5ft plus swallowing the odd fingerlings.. But saying that all fish will pick out the weak and finish them off.
We normally see ponds with 10 fish and only 1 sturgeon for example and we always wondered why..most people we have asked mentioned the size sturgeon can reach, a very valid point, you must build a suitable size pond, while calculating your pond build also plan for a few sturgeon as most ponds 8/10 will end up with a sturgeon in it, we say plan for two at least because a lonely sturgeon is not a very happy one in our experience.
They are social, sleep/rest together, feed together, swim together and new studies have shown they will communicate with one another with a deep rumbling sound. Sturgeon are a lot more at ease with a few other sturgeon or sterlets about.
Sturgeon or at least our Sturgeon are pretty much bullet proof, another good reason to purchase from KC. Sturgeon kept within good quality water will put a lot of other fish to shame health wise.
Sturgeon health issues can arise but if fed daily in good water with plenty of aeration you shouldn't have any issues at all.
Rarely bothered by parasites in the garden pond and are immune to most fish diseases and viruses, although as vectors they can carry disease unaffected.
We keep only Sturgeon and Sterlets.
Unfortunately most chemical treatments for ponds have not been tested on sturgeon, just mainly koi, so beware and take precautions when using PP, Formalin products for fish. Algae treatments can be harmful to sturgeon and sometimes be fatal due to stripping the water of oxygen, causing lack of air issues for sturgeon. Take them out and place in QT/hospital tanks while treatments take place if possible..every pond should have some sort of QT/hospital tank. Some treatments are pictured with "safe for sturgeon" but do not trust if unsure, as marketing does not care for your sturgeon becoming ill or even surviving the treatment.
Some treatments will starve the sturgeon of oxygen and others with metals don't sit well with sturgeon and some may kill them within 20-30mins once in the pond.
I've been asked a few times which treatments are safe for sturgeon, we always say none, there is one or two that maybe safe but this could be due to it been weak and of no benefit anyway, or claimed to be made safe for all fish, Personally i do not trust these treatmens with mine and you should be careful too.
This goes for all types, Sterlets, Sturgeon and the giants Huso.
Best to take Sturgeon and Sterlets out while treating the pond and salt bath the sturgeon if you feel the need.
Sturgeon are anadromous fish meaning they spend parts of their lives in the wild in both
sea water and fresh water. They live in seawater and spawn in freshwater. So a salt bath would be good for them once in a while.
Sterlets are considered only to dwell in freshwater in the wild.
So lets say Sterlets are freshwater fish.
A salt bath is fine but a lower Salt content would be better for Sterlets.
2oz salt per gallon of water for sturgeon.
The garden pond and sturgeon:
Plants in the pond such as long grasses, reeds and iris type plants can be an issue for very small sturgeon and sterlets because they cannot swim backwards and can become trapped. The five rows of scutes running along the full length of their body, blanket weed can be very dangerous for small sturgeon if it grows out of control. Heron or saftey nets can pose a similar problem of snagging sturgeon if left hanging on the waters surface so beware of this too.
A heavily planted pond can be trouble for sturgeon, during hot summer nights where the plants stop producing oxygen and produce carbon dioxide instead, the content of oxygen in the water is very low due to the high temperature. Air pumps or a waterfall should be installed as a precaution.
Sturgeon prefer 8-11mg/L content of dissolved oxygen,
Koi live happily with an oxygen content of 6mg/L.
Fish breath air, not water.
So to quickly remind ourselves,
Feed daily the right type of high protein sinking food.
Plenty of aeration/oxygenated water
Be careful if treating the pond or other fish with chemicals and check the label, if its not safe for orfe its normally not safe for sturgeon.
If you're still unsure, remove Sturgeon from pond and place in qt/hospital tank while treatments are used.
We hope this basic guide has helped you understand a little more about Sturgeon and Sterlets and how to keep them.
Written by
Mark Addey
Sturgeon Guy
Here is a table of the different breeds of Sturgeon that can be found.
About Sturgeon and Sterlets.
Sturgeon are practically unchanged from the fossils found over 200 million years ago, some fossils dating back to the carboniferous period.
The family of sturgeon are known as ACIPENSERIFORMES.
This includes Sturgeon, Sterlet, Huso and Paddlefish species.
They as a fish have not changed or evolved much at all since primitive times. Sturgeon have a cartilaginous skeleton as five rows of bony plates or scutes as they are more commonly called, running the full length of their bodies. The head is long, pointed and in most cases quite flat, with a row of four barbels underneath just before the ventrally located mouth. The mouth has no teeth and sturgeon feed with a sucking motion. Sturgeon are perfectly developed for dwelling at the deep depths.
Today there are some 26 species. Unfortunately all types are on the endangered list, and some critically endangered.
These fish survived the meteor strike that wiped out the dinosaurs.
More recently dams, overfishing and pollution have taken its toll on the sturgeon populations in the last century making them the number one most endangered living creature on the planet.
These fish are my favourite fish of all fish and this inspired me to set up a sturgeon farm here in the UK, personally I couldn't think of a more rewarding job. We keep many types some are hybrids of Sturgeon and Sterlets, which are bred and raised on sturgeon farms, Not from the wild and in turn help the wild stocks regain some headway against poachers and being caught and sold on the black markets.
For their:
All products from sturgeon.
With farms around like us at KC we can supply the ornamental trade with these stunning, fascinating fish, 100% disease free, very healthy and with no impact on wild stocks.
Unfortunately we're still living in a world where some people still treat sturgeon very badly, just a fish that is easy to sell and they don't care about the health of the fish at all. Without naming these people, KC can say we have visited a few of these places within the UK and we were disappointed to see very poor care for sturgeon and sterlets is still happening in this day and age. Buy from us to be sure of a hassle free transaction and the highest quality of sturgeon.
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The Camden Coalition ACO
Saving money, improving lives
The Camden Coalition Accountable Care Organization (ACO) brings together Camden-area hospitals, primary care and specialty providers, behavioral health providers, community organizations, and city residents to provide better healthcare at lower costs through coordinated, efficient care for local residents enrolled in Medicaid.
Participating providers in the ACO are collectively responsible for the care of an enrolled population. By collaborating, sharing information, and focusing on key quality standards, the ACO delivers more coordinated, efficient, and effective care to 37,000 residents of Camden, which includes many of the city's most vulnerable citizens.
The Camden Coalition Accountable Care Organization is a community-based ACO that ensures residents have a significant voice in its governance and the reinvestment of shared savings through a resident-led Community Advisory Council.
The Camden Coalition Medicaid ACO is part of a three-year demonstration project in New Jersey.
Statement of Nondiscrimination
Statement of Nondiscrimination [Spanish]
As a certified Medicaid ACO, the Camden Coalition has developed a gainsharing plan to inform the public about:
– The goals, objectives and strategies of the ACO
– How the ACO will improve quality, care coordination, and access to achieve health outcomes
– How the ACO will gather and incorporate public input about the ACO
– How cost savings will be achieved and shared
To view the Spanish version of the ACO Gainsharing Plan click here for feedback call 856-365-9510 x2095.
Supporting Documents:
Complete ACO Gainsharing Plan
Exhibit 01-ACO Quality Plan
Exhibit 02-De-Identified ACO Scorecard
Exhibit 03-NJ Medicaid Quality Metrics
Exhibit 04-Approach for Savings Calculation – Rutgers Center for State Health Policy
Exhibit 07-Gainsharing Reinvestment Resolution
Exhibit 08-Quality Committee Policies
Exhibit 09-ACO Gainsharing Plan Public Input
Exhibit 10-Gainsharing Resolution
Exhibit 11-Patient Satisfaction Survey
Exhibit 12-Patient Satisfaction Survey Results 2015
List of participating providers
Coalition's state application
Current Bylaws
Articles of Incorporation


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With health insurance premiums on the rise, you can protect yourself against high or unexpected medical bills, by accumulating funds in a Dillard's Federal Credit Union's Health Savings Account.
A Health Savings account (HSA) is a tax-exempt trust or custodial account established exclusively for the purpose of paying or reimbursing qualified medical expenses for you, your spouse and your dependents.
Who is eligible to open an HSA? An HSA can be established by any individual who:
- Is currently covered under a qualified High Deductible Health Plan
- Has no other first-dollar medical coverage
- Is not enrolled in Medicare
- Cannot be claimed as a dependent on someone else's tax return
- Could not have received Veteran's Affairs medical benefits within the past 3 months
- Does not have a Flexible Spending Account (FSA) or a Health Reimbursement Account (HRA)
The maximum 2013 contribution limits are $3,250.00 single coverage and $6,450.00 family coverage.
A qualified high deductible plan must meet specific requirements. The 2013 requirements for the plan to be considered are:
Minimum deductible: $1,250.00 single coverage.
$2,500.00 family coverage.
Accessing Your HSA Funds
Your DFCU HSA offers several convenient methods for accessing your funds at any time. You will receive a Health Savings Account debit card that can be used to make your qualified medical purchases or payments. Where debit cards are not an option, you can pay for services and products with an HSA check.
Click here for current HSA rates


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One of the most enjoyable aspects of the Autism Society of America national conference is developing new relationships with colleagues who have similar interests.
At the 2009 ASA conference held in Chicago, (which also happened to be the 40th anniversary of the conference), I joined Jane Thierfeld Brown, Ed.D (below, left) from the University of Connecticut and Laura Klinger, Ph.D. (below, right), from the University of Alabama in speaking on the topic College Programs For Students On The Autism Spectrum.
It was our first opportunity to meet and discuss our respective programs, and an initial step toward working closely together in the future on behalf of all students with ASD.
July 29, 2009
College Support Programs Represented At ASA
Posted by WV ATC at Wednesday, July 29, 2009
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After serving as an industry punching bag for the last month, Sony recently decided to punch back regarding its recent data breach and attendant publicity surrounding the incident. The method chosen by Sony was to hire one of the country's best known and expensive lawyers to send an aggressive cease and desist letter to various media companies reporting on the incident. David Boies became famous, by among other things, representing Al Gore in the 2000 election case. Among his media company targets, many internet companies such as Twitter feature prominently. Not surprising given the SOPA battles waged between Silicon Valley tech companies like Google and old guard Hollywood and its mouth piece, the MPAA.
This action by Sony raises three questions. First, as a practical matter, is the letter a wise strategic decision? Second, is the letter effectively drafted to accomplish Sony's strategic goals. Third, do digital media publishers face a legitimate risk of liability if they do not comply with the letter's demands? For the last question, First Amendment doctrine plays a prominent role.
As a digital media attorney, I think the letter was probably a wise strategic decision in concept. An offensive response was long overdue given that Sony's brand has been so badly damaged because of its handling of employee private data. Sony had to take some action to protect employee data beyond the formality of providing a data breach notice. California law, and forty-six other states, requires prompt notice to victims of a data breach regarding disclosure of personally identifiable information. See California Civil Code s. 1798.29(a) and California Civ. Code s. 1798.82(a).
While it may appear that Sony's pre-breach data security was woefully inadequate, possibly negligent, at this point in time the only thing that Sony can do to stop the bleeding is to force media outlets to think twice before releasing further private information. For this reason, the letter was not a bad strategy play. David Boies is a known quantity in the litigation world so the threat is credible.
As for the content of the letter itself, the work product leaves something to be desired as it has the earmarks of a hastily put together legal missive. For example, the letter is woefully deficient in laying specific categories of documents that may generate liability upon publication. A more effective approach from my perspective would be to provide specific legal downside rather than generalized legal saber rattling. To this end, Boies would have been well served to outline specific legal theories that would entitle Sony to relief upon publication. It would have been wise to then anticipate the obvious legal defenses and debunk their effectiveness in thwarting liability in this situation.
Furthermore, Boies ended his letter with the typical "cooperate or be sued" rhetoric that often does not play well with the intended audience of digital media general counsels. A more effective approach would be to couple specific viable liability theories with an invitation to cooperate in order to achieve a unified interest of litigation avoidance. Then again, the saber rattling approach is not surprising considering that Boies was hired by Sony executives who have taken a beating in the media for weeks and likely needed to punch back at some targets. If nothing else, it may serve as expensive therapy. Finally, it may seem uncouth for a large media company with plenty of digital media assets to be targeting its brethren. Media companies generally don't sue other media companies over reporting activity no matter uncomfortable the reporting gets.
This concludes part 1 of my analysis, we'll pick up with part 2 after the Christmas holiday. Merry Christmas to all.


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Mid calf boots featuring faux suede, rounded toe, buckle strap embellished with pyramid studs, inner full zipper, and stitch and hem detail. Padded insole. Grip sole. Approx. 15 inch shaft and 14 inch circumference.
You're reviewing: BROWN FAUX SUEDE STUDDED BUCKLE STRAP MID CALF BOOTS
© 2017 Lollicouture.com. All Rights Reserved.


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G. Edward Griffin, 'The Federal Reserve is a Private Banking Cartel'
You have probably seen the images by now. Athens on fire, the city literally burning as politicians within parliament voted to pass tough austerity measures to meet the demands of the EU and IMF, Greece's international lenders. This story is about more than just austerity and riots – it's wealth-extraction amidst economic collapse at work. The Greek economy is in the 5th year of a recession, which is a nice way of saying that it is in a depression. Money supply continues to contract, deposits are being drained and liquidity has dried up. The economy is in a free fall, and there is no bottom in sight. The proposals for recovery through "austerity" are just another way to keep the political system in place for as long as possible with the hope that the elites will be able to ride this storm out and come out the other end richer and more powerful than every before. We break down how exactly that works with Capital Account producer Demetri Kofinas.
And while we're on the issue of debt, let's take a look at how the US is dealing with it. US President Barack Obama released his 2013 budget today. While it will be analyzed, touted, and attacked, why should you care, or rather, why should you not care? We'll tell you. And more economists come out saying the Federal Reserve is making a big mistake if it sticks to keeping interest rates near zero for the next three years. We look at how the Fed got here – it's evolution into central planner, buyer of junk, war enabler, and firefighter of the economic fires it creates itself. We speak to G. Edward Griffin whose been opposing the Fed since at least the 1960s. G. Edward Griffin is author the bestselling bookThe Creature from Jekyll Island, which has been recommended by Republican Presidential hopeful Ron Paul on his reading list and which reportedly informed Dr. Paul's writing on the Fed in his own books on the subject.
Griffin also takes us back in time, and reminds us how the Fed even came to be – the money trust meeting in secret on Jekyll Island in order to draft a cartel agreement that would eventually be known as the "Federal Reserve Act."


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ACC-P27N-CHVD, 800TVL Res Varifocal Infrared Bullet Camera. White or Black Color
The Active Vision ACC-P27N-CHVD is a versatile indoor/outdoor camera that can be used in a variety of CCTV applications and offers outstanding quality. The advanced vari-focal lens system can easily be adjusted to zoom and focus the camera using the external thumb wheels on the outside of the camera. The revolutionary two piece IR lens cover eliminates IR glare for unmatched night time viewing and is designed for 24-hour surveillance applications. The ACC-P27N has a weatherproof metal case and sun/rain shield. Improved mounting bracket allows the camera to be desktop, ceiling or wall mounted.
- 800 TVL High Resolution Color Camera
- Powerful 2.8 to 12mm Zoom Varifocal Lens
- Weatherproof with Impact Resistant Metal Housing
- Night Vision with 42 High Output IR Emitters with Auto Exposure
- Camera Cable Inside Universal Mounting Bracket for Secure Installation
All our equipment can be used with our Active Vision DVR's, Bulk Cable, and Various Accessories.
|Image Sensor
|1/3" Image Sensor
|Picture Elements
|976(H) x 498(V)
|Electronic Shutter
|1/60~1/100,000 Sec
|Varifocal 2.8 to 12mm
|Viewing Angle
|22° to 109°
|Minimum Illumination
|0 Lux with IR on
|IR Illumination
|White Balance
|S/N Ratio
|More than 48dB
|12vDC ± 10% Regulated
|Power Consumption
|Operating Temp.
|-20°C to +50°C
|9.8"(L) x 2.8"(H) x 2.8"(W)
|Night Vision
|42 IR LED Emitters
|Gain Control
|Sync. System


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Charlotte obtained a First Class Honours degree in Law & Criminology at Cardiff University before completing the LPC at the College of Law in London. She qualified as a solicitor in 2013 following completion of her Training Contract at Paul Robinson Solicitors LLP having joined the firm in November 2011. Prior to this she worked for another local firm specialising solely in criminal defence work.
Charlotte is a Duty Solicitor for the Magistrates Court and an accredited police station representative, regularly representing clients at police stations and courts across Essex. She is also a Higher Court Advocate. Charlotte deals with a variety of cases across the criminal law spectrum, ranging from petty theft to murder, and including Road Traffic offences.


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Did you know that everything that surrounds you impacts your moods? Everything you hear, taste, touch, smell, and see? How is your environment impacting you on a daily basis?
Our goal at The Mood Factory is to take the guesswork out for you. We have chosen the eight popular, positive and desired mood states, and starting creating product lines based on available research on how various sensory experiences impact us. The eight moods include Tranquility, Serenity, Passion, Renewal, Creativity, Energy, Happiness, and Sassy.
Our first product lines are based on the sense of sight and how colors affect our emotional state. We plan to learn and teach about engaging the other senses as well. Research suggests that the more senses we engage towards a desired state, the more intense the experience.
We encourage you all to Get Your Mood On, and share your experience of sensory engagement. Find us on social networks like twitter and facebook at @getyourmoodon, and use hasthags #tranquility #serenity #renewal #passion #energy #happiness #creativity and #sassy so we can share tips and strategies for #improvingmoods and #coloringlives. We would love to hear what works for you!


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ISO: 400, Shutter speed: 1/125, Aperture: f/2.8,
Camera: Canon EOS 20D, Flash: None, Cropping: None,
Lens: Canon 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM, Focal length: 100mm,
Captured: 1st December 2005, 2:03pm,
I decided to follow up on what I said the other day about street portraits so, come lunchtime, I stuck the 100mm lens on and stood down by the bus stop near Shepherd's Bush Empire. This was the first shot I took.
Permanent link to this page:
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July 31 – October 27, 2013
July 31, 5-7 p.m.
Opening Reception
August 28, 5-6:30 p.m.
David Little discussed the exhibition and his book Art of Katahdin. He was joined by John Neff and Howard Whitcomb who discussed their new book Baxter State Park and Katahdin, Images of America, Arcadia Books 2012.
October 2, 5-6:30 p.m.
Panel Discussion by a select group of artists whose work is represented in the book.
October 24, 5-7 p.m.
Screening of Wilderness and Spirit: A Mountain Called Katahdin by filmmaker Huey.
The Exhibition
Co-curators David Little and Stephen Halpert mounted an exhibition of approximately 80 historic and contemporary works of art that represented Mount Katahdin and surrounding region. Included were works by Sanford Gifford, Jervis McEntee, James Fitzgerald, Marsden Hartley, Carl Sprinchorn, Maurice "Jake" Day, Vincent Hartgen, William Kienbusch, and many living artists, including Susan Siegel, Michael Boardman, Sam Cady, Alice Spencer, Elaine Crossman, David Little and Siri Beckman.
David Little is a landscape painter and the author of Art of Katahdin, published by Down East Books this spring. Little attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and curated the exhibition Taking Different Trails: The Artist's Journey to Katahdin Lake, at the Bates College Museum of Art in 2008.
Stephen Halpert, UNE Professor Emeritus of English and film, is the UNE Art Gallery Curator as well as the Director of "Movies at the Museum" at the Portland Museum of Art.


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Ever Heard Of An Art Co-op?
How serious are you about supporting art? Are you willing to pay for art you haven't seen and hasn't even been created yet? Well, if you're serious about supporting local artists (and interested in acquiring some art for yourself), the answer is yes. Now, Community Supported Art – Saint Louis (CSA STL), is giving you the chance.
Here's how CSA STL works: A jury of local arts professionals will select nine local artists to create 50 shares—or works of art—for the program. Interested consumers can purchase a share for $300, with each share getting one work of art from each of the nine artists, which arrive via three boxes of art distributed at three intervals this fall. The shares will be available for purchase in mid-July.
So what can owners of shares expect in the way of art? That, of course, depends on the artist, but CSA STL suggests that participating consumers might receive anything from a series of small teacups to small original paintings or screen prints, or such unexpected items as an edition of a vinyl 7" or a letterpress edition of a poem or short story. Participants might also receive tickets to an upcoming performance or event. There will also be free pick-up events for both members and nonmembers of the CSA, which will be open to the public as a way for the community to interact, gain knowledge about the project, and become more familiar with the participating artists.
The program has several goals, primarily to allow local arts patrons to engage and help support local artists. But, it also supports artists in creating new work and helps establish relationships between artists and the community. The program also hopes to create a sustainable model of art creation by creating a new way for artists to sell their work. CSA members, in addition to becoming more immersed in the art world and becoming a catalyst in art creation, receive nine works of original art from both emerging and mid-career artists at a value price of about $33 per piece. The program will also contribute to the growth of a more vibrant arts community in St. Louis.
The organization has assembled an accomplished jury of arts professionals to ensure that the nine artists chosen for the inaugural season of the program produce art that is of a high and collectible quality. They are:
Jessica Baran– Director of fort gondo compound for the arts, poet, and faculty member of the Washington University Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Art
Juan William Chávez– Founder and Director of the Northside Workshop, an organization that seeks to build community through the arts
Stan Chisholm– Practicing artist and DJ who works under the name 18andCounting
Stefanie Jacobson Kirkland– Director of Exhibitions at Craft Alliance Center of Art + Design
Jeffrey Uslip– Head Curator at Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis
The founders of the program –Katy Peace, Gardiner Rhoderick, and Cassandra Howard—are themselves artists, arts managers, designers, educators and writers, who want to promote the STL art community. For more information, visit the CSA STL website.
Follow Christopher Reilly on Twitter @ChristoReilly


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The reason I started this post was because I just witnessed something a little special by the legend that is Stephen Fry. In my opinion he is one of Britain's brightest minds and if he put himself up for election tomorrow I would not not only vote for him but I would drive his election bus; but the bloke is far too clever for politics. He thinks and delivers in a way that you rarely see and he is an inspiration. A friend once described him as, "Absolutely gigantically brained and a very funny man of genius and classic British understatement. He has the best turn of phrase since Winston Churchill and does a great line in filthy humour too. The man is an institution."
And here he is single-handedly blowing away the draconian Catholic Church… And don't forget to click on part two as it gets better.
1. Stephen Fry on Catholicism
In 1992, at a time when I was more concerned with crisping my hair into a flammable state with VO5 or selecting C&A's finest in ski jackets and stone washed denim, a little girl stood up and gave the grown ups something to think about. With a prophecy that is now only just being echoed by the rest of the world, this little girl had her head screwed on properly…
2. The Girl That Silenced The World For 5 Minutes
We don't often hear soldiers speaking out. If you join the army you tend to be all for what the government throws your way – if indeed you have a choice. So it was refreshing to hear Mike Prysner back from his call of duty with some alternative words about his experience. Warning, hairs on back of neck may rise…
3. Mike Prysner on the War in Iraq.


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Number 486, September 28, 2008
"We ought to show that we are serious about liberty."
My Answer to a Message from Tatiana Covington
Attribute to The Libertarian Enterprise
Dear Tatianaand anybody else who's listening:
As you know, I'm a staunch, life-long atheist, and my opinion, after many decades of study, is that all religions are equally wacky.
However it is vitally important for all of us who consider ourselves decent to remember that is is not Islam that has targeted Paul McCartney for death if he plays a concert in Israel, it is a single individual who calls himself Omar Bakri Muhammad. Most of the Muslims I have met in my lifeand they have been manyhave been kindly, gentle, warm, generous people who love their families and have a marvelous sense of humor. One murderous cuckoo squatting in a minaret somewhere should not be permitted to influence our view of these people, a third of the world's population.
How would you like it, my friend, if that same world were to judge you, not on on the basis of your own behavior, but on the inane rantings of an Al Sharpton or a Jerry Falwell?
Libertarians are, first, last, and always, individualists. As we demand that the world view us as individuals, so we must strive to view the people of the world the same way. Group punishment and preventive law enforcement are not a part of our political vocabulary. Moreover, adopting the socialistic policies of, say a Hillary Clinton or a George Bush, only feeds their insatiable lust for raw power and unearned wealth. If 9/11 had happened on a libertarian's watch it would have been dealt with as the crime it was, rather than as an act or war, which it was not, under any definition of the concept. The remaining individuals criminals responsible for 9/11 (assuming they really were Middle Eastern terrorists, an assertion never proved) would have been run to earth, cdaptured, tried, and punished.
And we would not now be at war and plunging into a Depression.
I'm extremely glad Sir Paulie, in effect, told this cowardly threatenerwho sends young people out to die for him, exactly like American politicians doto shove it. But the creature was not speaking for Islam, and it is is not Islam that McCartney will be defying, but a single moral and intellectual toadstool.
P.S. If you think Islam and the Koran are uniquely evil or favor unbridled violence, I suggest you read your Old Testament a bit more closely.


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The Empire Project
Turkey, Istanbul
The Empire Project identifies and exhibits contemporary art from the regions which have historically been within the cultural sphere of influence centred upon (or significantly affected by) the imperial locus we today call Istanbul. Geographically speaking, the range is wide, including most of the Mediterranean world and Arabian Peninsula, much of Eastern Europe, Anatolia, the Black Sea region, and Central Asia.
ARTISTS 2014: Ali Taptik, Can Pekdemir, Cemil Batur Gökçeer, Halil Koyutork
ARTISTS 2013: Ali Taptik, Cemil Batur Gökçeer, Esra Rotthoff, Gözde Türkkan
ARTISTS 2012: Ali Taptik, Alp Sime, Halil Koyutork, Sinem Disli
The Empire Project
10 Sıraselviler Caddesi
Kat:1 Daire:4
34433 Taksim, Istanbul
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Writing Incrementally: Chunking Through a ChapterBy: Jonathan Gennick on Mar 08, 2017
Writing my first-ever book chapter, I began typing toward my 30 pages and threw in headings every so often as the thought occurred. The result was a disorganized tangle, and my poor editor spent the next several chapters educating me about structure and the proper use of headings.
Since then, I've come to a better way of doing things. No one has time to write a chapter. I surely don't. But I do have time to write a paragraph or a page. My secret to writing a book chapter is not to write a chapter at all, but to divide the task into tiny chunks of easy accomplishment.
Name the Major Topics
Begin with a warm-up: Write the chapter title and copy in the headings from your outline. (You do have an outline, right?) Exhibit 1 shows how that might look like for a book on Window Functions in Oracle SQL.
Exhibit 1. First-level Headings
Easy! Job done. Pat yourself on the back; you've just achieved closure. Allow yourself a little bit of a dopamine reward. Take a break if you need one. Then come back and attack what's next.
Introduce the Chapter
Next is the first bit of fresh content. Write the chapter introduction. That's all. Just the introduction. Focus your entire mental energies on writing from one to three paragraphs (one is fine!) introducing the overall content of the chapter.
Exhibit 2 shows my result for our hypothetical chapter.
Exhibit 2. The Chapter introduction
Pause to make sure your introduction encompasses all the main topics — mine does. I've mentioned "four groups" in my introductory paragraph, and, indeed, there are four main topics in my chapter. Each of those main topics is a problem group, so my introduction covers the gamut of the chapter.
See how easy the work is going? Small steps. Each an accomplishment. That's the secret.
Flesh Out the First Topic
Recursively approach the first topic in the same way that you approached the chapter. Begin by dividing your first main topic into subtopics. Do that by writing subheadings, as I've done in Exhibit 3.
Exhibit 3. Second-level Headings
Getting to the state in Exhibit 3 is about more than just typing in six subheadings. I normally put only first-level headings in my outlines. Then I work out the second-level headings like in Exhibit 3 on the fly, one main topic at a time. Driving into the details of each main section requires me to balance scope against page count, and sometimes forces me to rethink other sections in the chapter.
Make any adjustments you feel are needed. I'm somewhat tempted to move the subsections on "Improved Performance" and "Expressiveness and Simplicity" to a new main section at the end of the chapter, or possibly into a separate chapter on their own. Now would be the time for me to decide.
Introduce the First Topic
Do you begin to see the pattern? Now introduce the first topic, as I've done in Exhibit 4. Don't leave readers guessing. Tell them what you are about to tell them, because doing so allows readers to mentally organize your content as they read and absorb it. Readers need to know where you are heading so they can follow along and keep up.
Exhibit 4. First-Main Section Introduction
My introduction in Exhibit 4 covers the ground by evoking mental images of what the follow-on topics will cover. I mention summary and detail data in the context of self-joins, and my first two subsections are about the GROUP BY clause (for summary data) and self-joins to get at the detail. I bring up window functions as a solution, and my next section topic is on the OVER clause that is fundamental to those functions.
My introduction mentions expressiveness and simplicity prior to query performance. I like that flow in the paragraph, and perhaps it's a better flow for the section itself. I've thus reversed the ordering of my final two section topics so that their order corresponds with that in my introductory paragraph. (Compare those subheadings in Exhibit 3 to where they are in Exhibit 4).
Write Each Subtopic
Now comes the work of writing each of the planned subtopics. But don't think in those terms! Focus on one subsection at a time.
Make the work manageable by "chunkifying" it. Do not think in terms of:
- Write all the subtopics under "Mixing Aggregate and Detail"
Apply the concept of chunking and think in terms of smaller tasks:
- Write a subsection on "Traditional GROUP BY Queries"
- Write a subsection on "Self-join Access to Detail Data"
And so forth…
You're probably looking at a page or two on each of these subtopics. And that's exactly where you want to be, because a page or two of content is a small enough chunk that you can get your mind around what you want to say and hold your vision in mind while you type the words into your document.
Reward Yourself!
Taking a stepwise approach to writing a book chapter changes the work from the fearsome task of writing 20 or 30 pages into a series of tiny tasks that are more easily achievable. You can feel rewarded at the end of each of those tasks, and the long slog of writing a chapter becomes a pleasurable series of micro-accomplishments of which you can be proud.
The micro-tasks in getting through a book chapter also become the perfect breakpoints. Do you just have one hour to work on a chapter? Is that long enough to write the chapter introduction? Or to finish just one subtopic? Or to write the subheadings for your next section? When the chunks are small, you can plan to always finish a chunk in one sitting, and you never need walk away feeling that you've left work half done. Because you haven't.
Try It!
The stepwise approach of dividing the work of a chapter into a series of tiny chunks works for me because I'm easily distracted and have a difficult time focusing. I thrive on a feeling of closure, and breaking my creative work into easy-size chunks lets me reap the emotional boost of closure after closure.
Try the approach next time you're faced with a writing task. It's not necessarily the right approach for every single writer on the planet, but it can be effective in helping you to reframe a fearsome and formidable task into a series of friendly and easily-doable shorter ones.
Note: Just as this post was going to press, Sten Vesterli released a post on LinkedIn touching on the same idea of dividing work into chunks. He speaks of agile development and frequent software releases, which goes toward the same idea I talk about in this post of claiming a series of small accomplishments along the way toward completing a large project.
Keywords: IOUG Press Corner | Apress | Jonathan Gennick | Writing Tips


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The previous generation Ford Figo hatchback was an instant success. Although its popularity faded by the end of its stint, the hatchback has set the bar quite high for the upcoming replacement. The new Figo is essentially the Ford Ka that is sold in South America and is the two box version of the Figo Aspire compact sedan. Since the new Ford Figo has graduated in terms of size, it goes up against the likes of the Hyundai Grand i10, one of the most popular hatchbacks on sale in India. So does the Ford Figo have what it takes to challenge the Grand i10? Find out here in our New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 comparison.
Also See – Ford Figo vs Maruti Swift vs Hyundai Grand i10 vs Brio vs Tata Bolt
New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 Price Comparison
|Ford Figo
|Hyundai Grand i10
|Rs. 4.54 lakh
|Rs. 4.91 lakh
|Rs. 4.83 lakh
|Rs. 5.19 lakh
|Rs. 5.24 lakh
|Rs. 5.64 lakh
|Rs. 5.66 lakh
|Magna AT
|Rs. 5.97 lakh
|Titanium +
|Rs. 6.29 lakh
|Asta (O)
|Rs. 6.10 lakh
|Titanium 1.5 AT
|Rs. 7.27 lakh
|Asta (O) AT
|Rs. 6.86 lakh
|Ford Figo
|Hyundai Grand i10
|Rs. 5.63 lakh
|Rs. 5.78 lakh
|Rs. 5.92 lakh
|Rs. 6.06 lakh
|Rs. 6.33 lakh
|Rs. 6.52 lakh
|Rs. 6.54 lakh
|Asta (O)
|Rs. 6.99 lakh
|Titanium +
|Rs. 7.18 lakh
all prices ex-showroom, New Delhi
Ford has priced the Figo very aggressively. The new Figo has a starting price of Rs. 4.54 lakh, which makes it great value for money. The Hyundai Grand i10 costs between Rs. 4.91 lacs and Rs. 6.86 lakh for the petrol model and Rs. 5.78 lakh and Rs. 6.99 lakh for the diesel. Spec for spec, the Ford Figo is cheaper than the Hyundai Grand i10. Ford recently gave the Figo a price cut.
Also See – 2017 Maruti Swift vs Grand i10 vs Ford Figo
New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 Specifications Comparison
|Ford Figo
|Hyundai Grand i10
|1.2 litre
|1.5 litre
|1.2 litre
|1.1 litre
|86.8 bhp
|98.6 bhp
|70 bhp
|112 Nm
|215 Nm
|160 Nm
|18.6 kpl
|25.83 kpl
|18.9kmpl (MT)/16.95kmpl (AT)
|24 kpl
|5-speed manual
|5-speed manual
|5-speed manual/4-speed automatic
|5-speed manual
Petrol motors powering both the cars seem to be evenly matched in terms of power and torque. Even the fuel efficiency figures are similar to each other. However, the Grand i10 comes with an optional 4-speed automatic transmission. The Figo gets a 1.5 L petrol engine with a 6-speed automatic as the only automatic variant. This engine churns out 110 bhp and 136 Nm. Talking about the diesel-powered versions, the Figo has a significant power and torque advantage. It is also more fuel efficient according to ARAI figures.
Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 Design Comparison
The Figo hatchback is identical to the Figo Aspire up until the C-pillar. Its got the exact same front end, one that has drawn a lot of praise for its striking looks. Tail lamp detailing is very similar to the sedan sibling, but the rear does look much more appealing in hatchback form. The Grand i10 looks a little more bulky and mature than the Figo in terms of design. Hyundai has played it safe with the Grand i10's styling and while it may not have too many striking features to boast of, it still is a very attractive package overall. It will receive a facelift soon.
The Grand i10's interiors are, arguably, the best in the segment thanks to the neat layout and the usage of high-quality materials. The Figo hatchback gets a blacked-out version of the Aspire's cabin which looks much more striking than the Grand i10's.
New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 Features
Starting with the basics, both hatchbacks come similarly equipped with a 2 DIN integrated stereo with USB, AUX and Bluetooth support, multifunction steering wheel, alloys for the higher spec trims, ABS and airbags. However, the Figo gets additional features such as auto climate control, Ford's phone docking setup for the lower trims and ABS as standard. Also, top end Titanium + trim of the Figo gets 6-airbags, Ford Smart Key and more.
|Ford Figo
|Hyundai Grand i10
|Air Conditioner Type
|Automatic Climate Control
|Power Windows
|Central Locking
|Steering Audio Controls
|Audio System
|Yes (2-DIN)
|Yes (2-DIN)
|2 or 6
New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 Comparison Verdict
Hyundai India enjoys a very strong brand image and has the most extensive and trustworthy sales network second only to Maruti's which gives the Grand i10 a substantial advantage over the Ford Figo. What works in Figo's favor is a powerful set of engines, an extensive list of features and a lower price tag. All this coupled with the fun-to-drive nature that we have come to expect from Ford products ensures the new Figo is a very competent offering capable of taking the fight to the Hyundai Grand i10.
Do let us know about your views on the New Ford Figo vs Hyundai Grand i10 comparison and stay tuned to Car Blog India for more.


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Hi All
I've been banging on of late about ARMY PAINTER Shade. All the pictures I've shown you are of 15mm / 18mm figures. I thought I'de show you the effect you get from applying the shade to 28mm figes, including the Games workshop GIANT!
Below: A MINDEN MINIATURES mounted French Officer treated with the Strong Shade
BELOW: ESSEX MINIATURES Roman General
BELOW: A very nice (and expensive) Foundry Miniatures Romano British Standard Bearer.
BELOW: Black Tree Design (left) and OLD GLORY (Right) Early German and Celt.


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COLUMBUS Richard Burdine, 77, died July 4, 2018, in Columbus. Services will be at 11 a.m. Thursday at the Lower Level of the James M. Trotter Convention Center with Rev. Paul E. Luckett officiating. Burial will follow at Union Cemetery. Visitation will be from 3-8 p.m. today at Carters Funeral Services. Carters Funeral Services is in charge of arrangements. Mr. Burdine was born March 10, 1941, in Carbon Hill, Alabama, to the late Frank Burdine and Callie Mae. He was a 1958 graduate of Amory High School, a graduate of Lane College and Florida State University, where he received a law degree. He was formerly employed as a public defender and attorney with the Law Office of Richard Burdine until retirement. He was a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. and St. James U.M. Church in Amory. In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by his wife, Mildred Burdine; children, Michelle Brewer and Richard Burdine; and siblings, John Thomas, Ira Burdine and Thermon Burdine. He is survived by his children, Sabrina Robinson, Sondra McGregory and Nanette Pratt, all of Columbus; Ira Burdine and Rhea Harrison of Houston, Texas, Richard Burdine, Jr. of Bethesda, Maryland, Frankie Taylor of Jackson, Tennessee, and Nathanette Burdine of Lake Placid, Florida; siblings, James Williams Burdine of Detroit, Michigan, Charlie Burdine and Lashann Burdine of North Chicago, Illinois, Warren D. Burdine, Frank Burdine, Jr. and Rudolph Burdine, all of Amory, Frankie Coleman of Shuqualak, Lottie B. Foutch of Nashville, Tennessee and Ruby B. Dotson of Romeoville, Illinois; 22 grandchildren; 12 great-grandchildren; and two great-great-grandchildren.
Appeared in The Commercial Dispatch on July 11, 2018
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