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This four-part article series talks about the various ailments and conditions that can cause tongue problems, from unsightly discoloration to uncomfortable bumps and ridges.
Welcome to the third installment of our four-part article series on the various illness and conditions that can lead to tongue problems. In our previous two articles, we spoke to Sun City dentists about the possible causes of red or "strawberry" tongue and white tongue. Now, let's move on to something that sounds particularly terrible and unpleasant… black hairy tongue.
What are the Causes of Black Hairy Tongue?
In spite of how awful it must sound to have your usually pink tongue turn into something that resembles a live tarantula, black hairy tongue isn't usually all that serious or dangerous, although it is linked with particularly nasty breath.
"Your tongue is covered with little bumps called papillae or taste buds," Sun City dentist explains. "These continue to grow throughout the course of your lifetime, which is a good thing because your daily activities and eating cause them to become warn down. When this isn't the case, they can be allowed to simply grow and grow, offering bacteria excellent shelter from your oral hygiene efforts. The accumulation of bacteria in and between taste buds that have grown particularly long can lead to the development of black hairy tongue. The "hairy" part comes from the appearance of long taste buds, which stand up out of a sea of blackish bacteria."
Not very pleasant, is it?
The good news is that black hairy tongue is totally preventable, since it is linked with the accumulation of oral bacteria in a forest of abnormally long papillae, which, in any case, isn't very common. It also tends to be restricted to people who aren't good about keeping up a high standard of oral hygiene. Other risk factors include diabetes, chemotherapy and people who are taking antibiotic medication.
What you can do to Prevent Black Hairy Tongue
"The most common cause of black hairy tongue is bad oral hygiene," says the cosmetic dentist in Arizona. "Therefore it stands to reason that upping your efforts at home will restore your tongue to its normally pink color. When you brush your teeth, make sure you include your tongue in this routine. This will discourage the growth of excessively long papillae and help to eliminate the colonies of bacteria that have taken up residence within them.
"You should also floss daily and even use an ADA-approved anti-bacterial mouth rinse. Even if you present with this condition as a result of the above-mentioned risk factors, an increase in your oral hygiene measures should help to prevent this symptom. Also, you should really seek the attention of a qualified Sun City dentist who will provide you with the appropriate diagnosis, treatment and home care advice. Black hairy tongue is wholly unpleasant and you'll want to eliminate this condition as fast as possible."
Stay Tuned for Part 4
To read more about the various conditions and illnesses that can affect your tongue, stay tuned for the final installment of this four-part article series! Next time, we'll be looking at the problems that can cause a sore and/or bumpy tongue.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's a wonderful 13 part series showcasing some of New Zealand's creative and forward thinking people.
From the TVNZ7 website:
"Hearts In Crafts is the first of its kind, a show all about embracing New Zealand's appetite for craft; sharing the stories and meeting the personalities of some of this country's finest crafters.
While reflecting on traditional crafts, Hearts In Crafts reveals emerging and contemporary crafts, and most importantly profiles the people passionate about craft. From the internationally renowned craft masters whose craft is their life's work; to the exuberant hobbyist who can't get enough; to the environmental saviours turning trash to treasure and the meeting places where likeminded crafters gather to share and learn. Crafting knows no bounds as viewers will discover over the course of our 13 part series."
Coming up in just 6 days is my first Market in May. It's the fun filled Sumner Rocks Village Street Party!
When: Sunday 6th May, 11.00 am 4.00 pm
Where: Wakefield /Marriner/ Nayland street precinct, Sumner Village ( Streets closed off, entertainment galore!)
Where: Wakefield /Marriner/ Nayland street precinct, Sumner Village ( Streets closed off, entertainment galore!)
Then the new monthly shopping evening, complete with bubbles and nibbles - all for a Gold coin donation!
Shop Me Pretty
When: Friday 18th May, 6.30 - 9.00pm
Where: Ohoka Hall, Mill Road, Ohoka
Where: Ohoka Hall, Mill Road, Ohoka
And to finish off this busy month is the wonderful...
'Winter' Encraftment Market
When: Saturday 26 May, 10am - 3pm
Where: Jack Mann Auditorium, Canterbury University, Christchurch
Where: Jack Mann Auditorium, Canterbury University, Christchurch
So all in all, May is shaping up to be pretty busy, well the lead up is already busy with the studio overflowing with drying pieces, bisqued and glazed designs. My kilns are cranking 24/7 as I build up stock!
All this info is up on my website plus more! ... Markets & Fairs
See you at the Markets... or on TV. Please visit my FACEBOOK page for some feedback. x Gill


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Much has been written contrasting Uber's promise that drivers can make $90,000 a year with how much the ride-sharing company's drivers are really making.
Not much has been written, however, about how much drivers earn working for Lyft, an on-demand car service similar to Uber.
Lyft says its drivers can make $35 an hour. Vox editor Timothy Lee decided to conduct an experiment to see how much he could make.
After a week, Lee had driven 54 passengers and made $596. His earnings came to about $10.50 an hour.
BuzzFeed says the average Uber driver earns $34,164 annually, or roughly $21.95 an hour. But it's important to note there is no "average" Uber driver because every driver operates at different times for different reasons: some drive on weekends as supplementary income, for example, while others rely on "gig" economy jobs to make a living.
In the case of Lyft, however, Lee says he made significantly more money because Lyft was running a promotion when he signed up — if drivers worked at least 50 hours and picked up 50 customers, they would make at least $1,500 per week, or $30 an hour. Lyft paid the difference to drivers if they made less than $1,500 per week.
"That works out to an average compensation of $30 per passenger, which was a little crazy since I didn't have a single passenger who paid more than $25," Lee wrote.
Lee also pointed out a huge problem with companies like Lyft offering incentives for driving: they're not sustainable, as the promotions are temporary (Lee said the promotion he mentioned ended a few weeks after his experiment), and they invite opportunists who could stop driving for the company as soon as the incentive disappears.
Presumably, this promotion was intended to help beef up Lyft's group of drivers to better compete with services like Uber's. To date, Lyft has raised $332.5 million in venture-captial funding, while Uber has raised an astonishing $3.3 billion.
After talking to other Lyft drivers at a holiday party, Lee noted he made slightly less than what other Lyft drivers made but that his income wasn't an outlier by any means. He said, however, that Lyft drivers he spoke to were "generally positive about their Lyft experience," despite any frustrations with their earnings.
Part of this could be because of Lyft's culture. Lyft heavily promotes a feeling of community among its drivers, which complements its casual riding experience. Riders are encouraged to fist-bump their driver and sit in the front seat of their cars, instead of in the back as they would in an Uber vehicle or a taxi. Lyft holds holiday parties, like the one Lee attended, for its drivers and offers new drivers a Lyft mentor: a more experienced driver who serves as a first point of contact for newbies.
Lee's experiment, however, left him skeptical about Lyft's claims of what drivers could earn. Check out Lee's whole account on Vox here.


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Omissions and Otherwise Left-out Leftovers | last.fm data | Spotify data Okay, so in my 2016 post, it would seem that I glossed over or outright left out a lot of important parts of the year in music. It's as if I talked about the body, but not the heart. This was intentional, as I … Continue reading 2016 II
frankles free fridays
I got the chance (this will be funny in a second) too see Chance the Rapper (okay, so it's not that funny) open up for Macklemore & Ryan Lewis at the Minnesota State Fair last August and, well, he's a bit kooky. He attempted to coordinate a large-scale audience participation throughout his show, focusing more … Continue reading frankles free fridays
Celtic Revenge: Or, The Demise of Electronica
Are you old enough to remember the rise of electronic music in the 90's, as DJ's and other electronic groups emerged from the underground into the light of the mainstream? This era was a heyday for labels like Astralwerks and Mute, large players responsible for bringing Prodigy, The Chemical Brothers, Aphex Twin, Underworld and many … Continue reading Celtic Revenge: Or, The Demise of Electronica
Sunday Sounds: Savoy
Hey, so do you remember when Daft Punk kinda made you feel bad about wanting another Daft Punk album? Sure, you were impressed with their bravado, their amazing songwriting and innovation, creating something new using the sounds they grew up on? Maybe you thought to yourself, "Yeah, this is great and everything, but where's the … Continue reading Sunday Sounds: Savoy
Sunday Sounds: Daft Punk
There's a lot of Random Access Memories that fits into the vague criteria of Sunday music. It is laid back, it's a kind of retrospective composition, and it prompts me to think about the past week and history in general. I see Sunday sun in the guitars. I don't know how else to explain it. … Continue reading Sunday Sounds: Daft Punk


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American Express is one of the oldest charge cards in the world with origins dating back to 1850. Many individuals were introduced to the company through the creation of a travelers cheque which enjoyed the distinct advantage of acceptance almost anywhere in the world and in just about every currency. As a teenager it was my first introduction to the company as they were unlikely to issue a charge card to an aspiring college student with little income. The charge card, not a credit card, grew to become a symbol of success and travel to where today it transacts 24% of all charges worldwide. It has been titled one of the "Most Valuable Brands in the World and who can forget, "Don't Leave Home Without It".
The company has experienced some disappointments of recent with COSTCO switching to JPMorgan/VISA and Starwood in the process of being acquired by Marriott. The combined events took away almost 12% of total company charges, 10% to COSTCO and 2% to Star-wood. The loss to JPMorgan/VISA was over a richer offer from VISA beating AMEX's rewards offer by 1% overall. What appears to be a loss for AMEX now may also be a financial challenge for VISA going forward once rewards are paid. Starwood is a potential loss due to merger.
We believe AMEX may have taken the hit for these losses and now ready for rejoining the industry growth as a result of improving global economic conditions.
In the chart below we have compared AMEX (blue) with both VISA (magenta) and MasterCard (green). The drop in AMEX from the start of 2015 of over 40% can clearly be explained as a reaction from COSTCO. At 10% of total charge revenue this is a logical reaction, but slightly overdone. It has placed the company's stock at an undervalued position and the stock should rejoin the industry expectation of 4% growth, or better. We believe the company is well managed and has a good track record of cash flow management from operations. It has been categorized a BUY and might be a good consideration at this time.
Dividend yield is good at 1.90% and valuation is at 73.1% FV. Trading currently at $61.10. Overvaluation will not occur until $108/share. The stock carries a Market rating with a B+ merger activity score placing it within the range of a possibility, but not at the highest level which would carry a rating of A or A+.
PDF version IncomeInvestmentReport2016APR4


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Arrivederci BKLYN
Sunday, December 07, 2014
We got this
F was super manly today. Not only did he bring home the mother of all Christmas trees, but he got 5'5" T on his shoulders to put the angel on the top. Thanks to Natasha for helping us out!
Na+T= Nutty
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Photography Credit: Johnny Jaquez Photography
So, you've found my little space on the internet, where I share what I believe are essential modalities to a happy and healthy life.
My purpose is to teach others to become wholly self-confident through yoga, health, and beauty.
I'm a Master Holy Yoga Instructor (M-HYI) and am certified in Holistic Yoga Flow through Yoga Alliance. Along with yoga, I am a Beautycounter Consultant. Earning two BA's in Psychology and Art Education, I have a fierce passion for Art Therapy and use it in my teachings as well. God has blessed me, using my life experiences, education, and former career, to become a wellness teacher for Open Heart Wellness.
I live in Redlands, Southern California with my husband, Geoff, our cat Phoenix, five chickens, and the sweetest little boy, our 1 year old son, Jack! Being mommy is my favorite job of all. I'm a sucker for Paris and France, fashion, red wine and lipstick, modern art, and Victorian houses. Breakfast is my favorite meal. Yoga is my passion! Traveling with my husband and son (we share about our travels at The Traveling Pasleys), being surrounded by friends, and loving on my boys are my greatest indulgence!
So happy you're here.
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Istagram: @openheartwellness
Facebook: @theopenheartwellness


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Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Issues
Description: This report reviews past and proposed treatment of hydraulic fracturing under the Safe Water Drinking Ace, the principal federal statute for regulating the underground injection of fluids to protect groundwater sources of drinking water. It reviews current provisions for regulating underground injection activities, and discusses some possible implications of, and issues associated with, enactment of legislation authorizing the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate hydraulic fracturing under this statute.
Date: April 10, 2012
Creator: Tiemann, Mary & Vann, Adam
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


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I'm talking about Anne Brontë, youngest sister of the more famous Emily and Charlotte. Why oh why does almost no Brontë fan talk about Anne? And I notice these fans gush over Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre, rather than Villette or Shirley or Agnes Grey. Though Agnes Grey is admittedly immaturish compared to the rest. But think of Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
Anne's problem, I suspect, is that she is a Brontë, and that family is famous for recreating the Romantic era in the Victorian times they lived in. They were full of passion and Byronic heroes and extremely flawed heroines who could not reconcile themselves with the surroundings they lived in. Look at Catherine Earnshaw, the passionate materialist, Jane Eyre the person-hater, Lucy Snowe the solitary wanderer. (I think of Lucy rather as that man in the painting by Caspar Friedrich, the one who stands atop a hill). Unlike Charlotte and Emily, Anne was a realist, and therefore ahead for her time. I hear the cries of Emily and Charlotte fans who claim uninhibited passion was ahead of their time.
True, and yet not so - you get a lot of that in Byron's poems. This makes them behind their time in a way. On the whole I think Charlotte and Emily ahead, because this thing was new in literary novels, especially when the individual came into the picture. An intellectual female individual. But there is a great deal of Gothic influence, improbable events, etc. Anne on the other hand is a realist. She looks at the large landscape, not merely the individual. To say Charlotte and Emily were purely individualistic is to do them an injustice. But Charlotte saw the individual as struggling against the cruel world; she does not accept the world as it is. Anne does. She went for well-moderated affections, not strong passion. She couldn't stand Byronic heroes and preferred milder heroes - see Mr Weston and Gilbert Markham.
Anne wrote Agnes Grey when she was about 25 - a marvellous age, even by Victorian standards, to write an enduring realistic classic. Emily was 27 when she wrote Wuthering Heights, Charlotte 31 when she finished Jane Eyre. When Tenant was finished Anne was 28. This is a superb achievement, as Wuthering Heights is full of flaws - unrealistic characters, boring narratives, too many convenient deaths, etc. Jane Eyre suffers from its lack of sympathetic characters - the only ones apart from Jane are not well-drawn, and Rochester's declarations of love make me snort. Don't get me wrong, Charlotte is my personal favourite among the sisters, far more than Anne, but I do see her flaws. There is no perfect Byronic hero who is reformed in Anne's novels - unlike Charlotte's Mr Rochester. Whoever heard of a reformed rake, who, moreover, falls in love with a plain heroine? This is simply not realistic. Arthur Huntingdon refuses to reform and is an adulterer and an alcoholic.
Realism is said to be a modernist thing that came about in later 19th century fiction. This hence makes Anne very modern. However she is very much influenced by the 18th century and early 19th century tradition - note that Tenant is set in the 1820's, rakes are abound and there is a solitary wanderer (Helen) at the heart of the story. This solitary wanderer is a staple of Romanticism, and yet in literary fiction the solitary wanderer only became mainstream in the late Victorian era. Even the early Victorians, save Charlotte, hadn't quite grasped that yet. In fact Romantic era literary fiction wasn't really Romantic - leave that to the Victorians. Gothic novels don't count, not being strictly literary. So in this way Anne is like her sisters - she is a Brontë after all.
But what about the feminist governessing themes? We often credit Charlotte for being the pioneer but Anne started it. To be honest, Charlotte did write The Professor, which features an ill-treated lace-mending teacher but Anne was accepted first by a publisher. Anyway the point is, let us do justice to Anne. The real horrors of governessing is depicted in Agnes Grey, not Jane Eyre. What! I hear you say. Well it is true. Jane Eyre may be discriminated by the upper classes but the household in which she works likes her. Not so for Agnes Grey. Jane's problem is more individual than mere class system. Though of course this prevents her from contemplating marriage with Rochester. But the main point in her position is it affects the fulfilment of her love, whereas in Agnes Grey governessing affects her daily life, her temperament, her experience, not so much love. Anyway it wouldn't be considered a taboo for middle-class Mr Weston to marry Agnes, though it would be shocking for upper-class Rochester to marry Jane. As far as I know, Charlotte did not pine for an upper-class gentleman. She did, however, suffer the daily indignities of being a not so competent governess. She couldn't lead or inspire respect in people, unless it was by writing. But Charlotte didn't depict that in her fiction - no doubt she thought it was banal, not something for her great passions. Funny enough, when you consider how she preferred truth to art. I think she was resisting that great art in her, threatening to sway her from the truth. Her truth is in the impassioned individual, not in society as a whole. Anne chose to depict truth in society, and so she is more balanced. Genuine appreciators of Jane Austen should consider Anne Brontë. I don't mean silly chick lit worshippers who just go in for the beautiful gowns, the rich suitors and the marriages (one of my friends calls Jane Austen "glorified chick lit", and yes, he is a guy, so what do you expect, and I did defend Jane Austen of the charge of stupidity, though I find her books dead boring)
Anne, among the sisters, wrote the most "perfect" novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Novelistically, it has no major flaws perceptible easily to the reader, unlike stupid Mr Rochester, mad Heathcliff, insipid Louis Moore ... you get the picture. Heroes are not the Brontës' forte. Anne was smart enough to realise that, and so chose not to make the men the main characters. It takes a great deal of skill for a female novelist, even the intelligent ones, to write convincing intelligent heroes. Vice versa for male novelists on heroines. It is just natural. Good novelists can write the opposite gender, but often they are limited to ordinary, not intelligent or outstanding protagonists. If they try to go further their weaknesses show. Anne had plot, a sympathetic heroine, a well-worked villain, and realistic view of society's disapproval of Helen Huntingdon.
But I am far from disparaging the talents of Charlotte and Emily. On the contrary, I think Charlotte's obvious flaws still showed something Anne's works lacked - the extra outstanding fire. No one could match her ability to write passion so well in an individual. If you read Mansfield Park, Fanny Price seems to be an insufferable bore (I sympathise with her though, but then I look at these things through old-fashioned spectacles) but it proves how smart Jane Austen was, to show how a nice girl like Fanny is an unpopular bore. The point is very few like Fanny. Charlotte made her heroines, unlikeable to the society they live in, appeal to the reader. Jane Eyre is sympathised with, many have applauded the creation of Lucy Snowe, and contemporary critics lauded the character of Caroline Helstone, who was deemed to be the real heroine of Shirley, not the titular heroine. Charlotte entered the bodies of these heroines; Jane Austen showed the detached view. Of course Austen was following the literary norms of her era, so we can't fault her. When it came to novels, Anne was not a poet, which is usual for most major novelists, so it is not really a defect.
Anne is always well-structured, Charlotte almost never, except in Jane Eyre. Emily - hard to say. I personally feel Wuthering Heights is overrated, and she was not at the peak of her powers when she wrote it. What she might have written we will never know.
What angers me is how Charlotte's detractors vilify her as deliberately suppressing Anne out of jealousy. Ironically they wrote similar themes, except Charlotte seemed to expand more on other things, according to critics of their era. Anne, however, focused on those themes, and sought reform. Charlotte admitted to her publisher she couldn't do contemporary themes, and so the emotional aspect shone through. I think Charlotte meant well for Anne. She was upset the way critics attacked Anne's purported immorality, and she didn't like the coarseness of the men in Tenant - especially as it reflected their brother, Branwell. Charlotte was accused of coarseness in Shirley, but then one can see why Tenant's men appear to be coarser. She also loved poetry in books, and couldn't stand Jane Austen. One can see she wanted more for her sister. Her concern was ill-expressed though: she couldn't understand Anne. We must give her the credit for getting the sisters published.
One could of course accuse her of plundering Anne's works, but I doubt it. Their books are most unlike for sisters with similar influences. We call Charlotte the feminist, but the feminism is more apparent in Anne, what with a wife running away from her husband, and women more intelligent than men. We mistake passion for feminism, that is our problem. Charlotte undoubtedly had some feminist principles, instilled by her friend Mary Taylor, besides the fact she was a suppressed intelligent woman (feminists those days were more likely to be intelligent women, compared to now any silly shrieker can claim to be a so-called feminist) but she was more individualist than feminist. Remember, she was a Romantic worshipper. Mary Taylor berated her for advocating female employment only for unmarried women. Work, Charlotte said, was a substitute for fulfilment for the single. I don't think Anne desired employment for married women, but she still seems to be more of a feminist in her novels. Not that feminism means excellence in fiction. I am just pointing out this fact. Charlotte wrote more sensuous stuff, but sexuality is not feminism. The early feminists in fact balked at sexuality, and thought those feminists who advocated free love were just satisfying their lusts. Charlotte wanted to know how a solitary intellectual female like herself could get by, Anne wanted freedom for abused wives. This makes Anne's contribution actually greater, because how many of us can be Charlotte?
On an unrelated note, I did some creative writing assignments, and surprisingly my male protagonist fared better with the lecturer and my male classmates than the female did. No one got the female (neither did I, but that's another story). The girls didn't get the hero, but I refused to put him on a pedestal. He may be intelligent and inspired, but he is still a self-centred coward. Anyway I was surprised, because as a female I am supposed to write heroines better. Then I realised I hadn't created the hero out of nothing, or out of my own experience of people, but out of the biographies of men I had read. This may come out as shameful. Anyway my lecturer said she hoped to hear more about him, so I suppose my hero came out all right. My staunchest supporters among the critics (my classmates really) were the guys. Despite the fact the hero was a boring, clueless, nerdy and totally unheroic boy. On the other hand I do know some people like that, so perhaps I did unconsciously draw partly from life. I still haven't mastered the art of writing female characters, but oh well ... we can't have everything. The good news is, I rewrote my heroine in a later assignment, and the lecturer seemed to like her. She is however based on Charlotte Brontë in a loose sense, so I can't claim originality. Like the hero, she is intelligent, but weak-willed and awkward. It was hard, because I wanted to make her liberated, but not too liberated for her time (it's set in the early 19th century) and use language suitable for that era. She is conscious of her flaws, can't do anything about it, and is exasperated that the hero sees her as an ideal being when the rest of the town doesn't.
Ramblings of a Victorian and 19th century fanatic, and anything to do with the Romantic poets
Sunday, 5 August 2012
The Other Brontë sister
1 comment:
Reading the title I was preparing to vindicate Charlotte for the wrong of accusing her for Anne's lesser popularity. Thankfully I didn't have to! LOL.ReplyDelete
I still consider Charlotte superior to Anne however for another reason: the use of language. She created her own style no matter how different her novels are (and they are very different), but you instantly know when you read her that this is Charlotte. I can not say the same about Anne, but I do like the simple and clear way she speaks about some truths without that complex sophisticated way that Charlotte answered to her reviewers. I always thought Anne a better lecturer than fiction writer.
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SPA Conference session: Erlang: What All The Fuss Is About
|One-line description:
|An introduction to the Erlang programming language from first principles
|Session format:
|Workshop (75 mins) [read about the different session types]
|Moore's Law has forced the hand of the hardware designer, and their bid is multi-core; the prudent programmer will answer that bid with Erlang.
Erlang is an actor-based, dynamically-typed functional programming language with very interesting properties, capabilities and underlying philosophy. Erlang has recently garnered much attention, particularly because of the ease with which concurrent processing can be implemented, and the scalability that may be achieved in doing so using the Erlang runtime ("Erlang/OTP").
In a strange twist of fate, although Erlang is almost twenty years old, the nature of the problems it was originally designed to solve (high-performance telephone packet switching) place it at the forefront of technologies capable to address the impending multi-core era.
The intent of this session is to empower developers with the right knowledge and advice to quickly begin using Erlang in a test-driven manner. The presentation will be a fast and furious introduction to Erlang and provide an overview of basic principles, supporting tools, and libraries such as the distributed database Mnesia.
Attendees will leave with a high-level understanding of Erlang's capabilities, nomenclature and syntax. Attendees are not expected to have any experience with functional programming or Erlang, although some knowledge of functional programming will be beneficial. Those who wish to follow along with the exercises will need to have set up an Erlang environment beforehand, although most (if not all) of the tools demonstrated will be made available to attendees at the start of the session.
|Audience background:
|No prior experience required, although some exposure to the functional paradigm will be helpful.
|Benefits of participating:
|Attendees will come away with an understanding of Erlang and core tools used to cut code in it, including test-driven development, code coverage and debugging tools and techniques.
|Materials provided:
|Various resources distributed on CD, including all the demonstrated tools (where copyright permits) to expedite getting going with Erlang.
|The session will be delivered as an interactive lecture and alternate between examining short code snippets and demonstrating running code and utilities.
|Detailed timetable:
|I prefer to not provide a detailed timetable, and to gauge the level and interests of the audience in a dynamic fashion. I will prepare more material than will be possible to get through, to ensure there is enough to keep interest levels high and to cater for varying tastes.
|1. Edward Garson
Zuhlke Engineering Ltd
|2. Benjamin Nortier
Zuhlke Engineering


text:
- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
The mitochondrial DNA 4,977-bp deletion and its implication in copy number alteration in colorectal cancer
© Chen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
- Received: 11 September 2010
- Accepted: 13 January 2011
- Published: 13 January 2011
Qualitative and quantitative changes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been implicated in various cancer types. A 4,977 bp deletion in the major arch of the mitochondrial genome is one of the most common mutations associated with a variety of human diseases and aging.
We conducted a comprehensive study on clinical features and mtDNA of 104 colorectal cancer patients in the Wenzhou area of China. In particular, using a quantitative real time PCR method, we analyzed the 4,977 bp deletion and mtDNA content in tumor tissues and paired non-tumor areas from these patients.
We found that the 4,977 bp deletion was more likely to be present in patients of younger age (≤65 years, p = 0.027). In patients with the 4,977 bp deletion, the deletion level decreased as the cancer stage advanced (p = 0.031). Moreover, mtDNA copy number in tumor tissues of patients with this deletion increased, both compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues and with in tumors of patients without the deletion. Such mtDNA content increase correlated with the levels of the 4,977 bp deletion and with cancer stage (p < 0.001).
Our study indicates that the mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion may play a role in the early stage of colorectal cancer, and it is also implicated in alteration of mtDNA content in cancer cells.
- Colorectal Cancer Patient
- Renal Oncocytomas
- Common Deletion
- Wenzhou Medical College
- Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading human malignancies [1]. While its morbidity and mortality have declined in western countries in recent years, both the incidence and deaths caused by this cancer have increased significantly in recent years in Asia [2], particularly in China [3]. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to colorectal cancer development. Based on a study on cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark and Finland, heritable factors contributed about 35% to colorectal cancer [4], while in another nationwide family study conducted with 9.6 million Swedish people, around 13% of colorectal susceptibility was attributed to genetic effects [5]. However, up to now, only 6% of colorectal cancer can be ascribed to mutations in particular genes [6]. Among those genes associated with predispositions for colorectal cancer are adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor involving cell adhesion, signal transduction and transcription activation, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes [6, 7].
Mitochondria, known as the cellular power plants, also regulate cell death and cell proliferation [8, 9]. Defects in mitochondrial function have long been hypothesized to play a role in tumorigenesis [10]. Mitochondria possess their own genomes. Human mtDNA encodes 13 essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system as well as 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs used for mitochondrial translation [11]. Alterations in mtDNA both qualitatively (mutations) [12–14] and quantitatively (mtDNA copy number) [15] have been associated with many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and various types of cancer [16–18].
The mtDNA is subject to relatively high oxidative damage and at the same time is sensitive to such damage. It has also been shown that oxidative modified DNA is especially prone to mispairing of repetitive elements and is correlated with deletions [19]. In fact, large scale deletions were among the first mtDNA mutations identified to cause human diseases [20, 21]. Up to now, more than 100 deletions have been reported to be associated with various diseases (http://www.mitomap.org/). Among these deletions, a 4,977-bp deletion occurring between two 13-bp direct repeats at positions 13447-13459 and 8470-8482 has attracted tremendous interests since it is the common cause of several sporadic diseases including Pearson's syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) [13, 22], and is therefore called the "common" deletion. This deletion also accumulates in many tissues during aging, and has been used as an mtDNA damage biomarker [18, 23].
mtDNA mutations, including both point mutations and deletions, have been identified in various types of human cancer [16, 17, 24]. In one of the first comprehensive studies of mtDNA in cancer cells, it was demonstrated that among ten colorectal cancer cell lines, seven of them exhibited mtDNA mutations [25]. In another study focused on the major control region of mtDNA, the "displacement loop" (D-loop) in French colorectal cancer patients, the presence of tumor D-loop mutations correlated with poor prognosis [26].
To address the question if the mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion plays a role in pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer, we studied 104 colorectal cancer patients recently admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College and carried out a systematic investigation into their clinicopathological features and characterized their mtDNA, in particular the 4,977-bp deletion and the mtDNA content, in the tumor tissues and nearby non-tumor areas.
Samples collection
Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from 104 unrelated colorectal cancer patients prior to any chemotherapy, radiotherapy or pharmacotherapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College between October, 2006 and March, 2008. Informed consent from all patients in this study was obtained under protocols approved by the Wenzhou Medical College Ethics Committee. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 87 years (mean ± SD, 65.58 ± 11.49), and were classified according to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system (American Joint Committee on Cancer): 15 were at stage I, 45 at stage II, 39 at stage III and 5 at stage IV. Ten-micron sections were cut from paraffin blocks and classifications were confirmed by a senior pathologist using a standard hematoxylin & eosin staining protocol.
Detection of the mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion
Determination of mtDNA content and levels of the 4,977 bp deletion
The mtDNA content was measured by a real-time PCR on cytochrome c oxidase I (COX I) gene and normalized by simultaneous measurement of nuclear DNA encoded β -actin genes. QPCR was carried out using an ABI 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) in a 20 μl reaction in different tubes containing 0.5 μM each of the forward and reverse primers, 0.1 pM for each probe (COX I and β-actin genes) and 500 pg of DNA sample for mtDNA and 10 ng for nDNA. The PCR conditions were 95°C for 15 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 s, and 60°C for 60 s. The threshold cycle number (Ct) values of the β-actin gene and the mitochondrial COXI gene were determined.
The 4,977 bp deletion level was measured by real-time PCR on deletion product (Figure. 1) and normalized by simultaneous measurement of mtDNA COX I.
Each measurement was carried out in triplicate and normalized against a serial dilution of a control DNA sample and then the quantity of each target gene in our samples was calculated according to the corresponding standard curve.
The primer and probe information is as follows:
For mtDNA COX I: Forward, TTCGCCGACCGTTGACTATTCTCT; Reverse, AAGATTATTACAAATGCATGGGC.
For nuclear β-actin: Forward, ACCCACACTGTGCCCATCTAC; Reverse, TCGGTGAGGATCTTCATGAGGTA.
For mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion: Forward, CCTTACACTATTCCTCATCACC; Reverse, TGTGGTCTTTGGAGTAGAAACC
Probes: COX I, FAM-AACGACCACATCTACAACGTTATCGTCAC-ECLIPSE; β-actin, FAM-ATGCCCTCCCCCATGCCATCC-ECLIPSE. 4,977 -bp deletion, FAM-TGGCAGCCTAGCATTAGCAGG-ECLIPSE
Standard curves for deleted mtDNA were generated from a prostate cancer patient, and for COX I and β-actin genes they were obtained using a human osteosarcoma-derived cell line (U2OS) DNA. mtDNA content was calculated by dividing the amount of total mitochondrial DNA into the amount of nuclear gene. The mtDNA deletion level was expressed as the ratio of content of deleted mitochondrial DNA to total mtDNA content.
Statistical analysis
Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and continuous variables were examined using Student's t-test. In order to adjust for the contribution of each clinicopathologic characteristic, logistic regression and linear regression analysis were also performed. All statistical results were calculated with SPSS 16.0 software and a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Detection of the mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion in colorectal cancer patients
Detection of the mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion in tumor and non-tumor tissues of 104 colorectal cancer patients.
Deletion detected in non-tumor tissues
Deletion detected in tumor tissues
13 (12.50%)
17 (16.35%)
7 (14.58%)
12 (25.00%)
6 (10.71%)
5 (8.93%)
8 (11.76%)
11 (16.18%)
5 (20.00%)
6 (24.00%)
2 (9.09%)
3 (13.64%)
10 (14.49%)
13 (18.84%)
LN metastasis
8 (18.60%)
8 (18.60%)
5 (8.20%)
9 (14.75%)
5 (8.33%)
9 (15.00%)
8 (18.18%)
8 (18.18%)
Level of the 4,977 bp deletion and colorectal cancer development
Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion level and age, BMI, metastasis status and stage of cancer in tumor and non-tumor tissues in 20 patients with the deletion.
Deletion level
Coefficients (B)
95% CI for B
-0.002 to 0.001
-0.003 to 0.004
LN metastasis
-0.074 to 0.029
-0.043 to 0.020
0.000 to 0.000
0.000 to 0.001
LN metastasis
-0.014 to 0.002
-0.010 to 0.000
The 4,977 bp deletion level and mtDNA copy number in colorectal cancer patients
mtDNA copy number as a potential marker in colorectal cancer
Multiple linear regression analysis of relationships between mtDNA content and age, metastasis status and stage of cancer in tumor and non-tumor tissues in patients with or without the 4,977 bp mtDNA deletion
mtDNA content
Patients without 4977 bp deletion
Patients with 4977 bp deletion
Coefficients (B)
95% CI for B
Coefficients (B)
95% CI for B
-0.220 to 0.602
-0.055 to 0.108
LN metastasis
-0.328 to 50.386
-1.464 to 5.739
-1.759 to 30.679
-0.614 to 3.993
-0.052 to 0.087
-0.033 to 0.161
LN metastasis
-4.619 to 3.959
3.578 to 12.182
-2.844 to 2.643
3.088 to 8.590
mtDNA mutations have been implicated in various human diseases including cancer [24], a long-term process that involves multiple steps driven by different genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among the mtDNA mutations, the 4,977-bp deletion is one of the most frequent [23]. Several studies have found the mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion in various types of cancer, including in cancer of the breast, endometrial, esophagus, stomach, head and neck, liver, lung, mouth, kidney, skin and thyroid [24, 28]. However, in some cases, the incidence and level of the 4,977 bp deletion were lower in the tumor tissues compared with nearby non-tumor tissues from the same patients[29]. Thus, the role of this common deletion in tumorigenesis is intriguing, but largely perplexing.
In our first finding, unlike the age-dependent accumulation that was expected, the 4,977 bp deletion was detected more frequently in tumor tissues of patients younger than 65 (12/48, or 25%) compared to patients over 65 (5/56, or 8.9%) (p = 0.027). This result indicated that there is possibly a negative selection for the common deletion in tumor tissues during aging. In addition, as previously reported with thyroid, renal and liver cancer patients [29], we found the deletion level in tumor tissues was likely to be lower than that in the nearby non-tumor areas. In particular, in 10 patients carrying the 4,977-bp deletion in both tumor and nearby non-tumor tissues, the deletion levels were almost all lower in tumor tissues, indicating a negative selection for the common deletion in the cancer cells. It is also interesting to note that among these 10 subjects, patient 199 was at an advanced tumor stage and exhibited metastatic features, and showed the biggest difference in the deletion levels between tumor and non-tumor tissues and the highest level of the common deletion in the non-tumor areas (Figure. 2B). On the other hand, patient 137 exhibited very similar deletion level in tumor tissues and the nearby non-tumor tissues (Figure. 2B), and he was at the early stage of cancer and exhibited no metastasis. Furthermore, among all 17 patients who carried the deletion in tumor tissues, there was a good correlation after multiple linear regression analysis (p = 0.031) between the decrease in deletion level in tumor tissues and the stage of advancement in the cancer.
To explain the observed results, we hypothesize that, as we previously found in tumorigenesis studies on cells carrying mtDNA with heteroplasmic and homoplasmic mutations in the complex I subunit ND5 gene [30], the 4,977-bp mtDNA deletion could function in cancer development as follows: in the initial stage, when cancer cells are under stress because of a carcinogenic insult or oxidative stress damage, the deletion emerges. Because of the replicative advantage of smaller mtDNA, mtDNA with the 4,977-bp deletion is enriched to a certain level which would enhance tumor progression due to retrograde pathways [31]. Retrograde regulation is a communication pathway from mitochondria to the nucleus, and is usually used to describe the cellular responses to changes in the functional state of mitochondria. One of the mechanisms suggested to play a role in the retrograde response was mitochondrial stress, which is supported by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium elevation [31]. However, at certain stage of tumorigenesis, it may become more important to have a functional respiratory chain than an inhibited one to sustain rapid cell proliferation. As a result, compared with the nearby non-tumor tissues, mtDNA with the common deletion becomes diluted out in tumor tissues.
Low mtDNA content has been reported to be associated with increased risk of renal cancer carcinoma [32], and a decrease in mtDNA copy number in cancer tissues has been found also in gastric cancer [33], breast cancer [34] and hepatocellular carcinoma [35]. On the other hand, an increase in mtDNA content was reported in the majority of renal oncocytomas [36], head and neck cancer [37], endometrial cancer [38], ovarian cancer [39] and colorectal cancer [40]. It is therefore suggested that the change in mtDNA content is cancer type specific [28, 34]. However the underlying molecular mechanisms of alteration in mtDNA in cancer cells are largely unclear.
Our results strongly suggest that the 4,977-bp deletion is important in the specific up-regulation of mtDNA content in tumor tissues. The mtDNA content in tumor tissue of almost all of 20 patients who carried the 4,977-bp deletion was higher than that in the nearby non-tumor areas. The only exception was patient 137 (Figure. 4A), who was in her early stage of cancer and without detection of metastasis in the lymph nodes. On the other hand, patient 180 (Figure. 4A), who showed the biggest difference in the levels of mtDNA content between tumor and non-tumor areas, was in the terminal stage of cancer and with metastasized lymph nodes. These results support the notion that tumor background favors high mtDNA copy number with the presence of the 4,977-bp deletion. As this deletion removes all or part of the genes encoding four complex I subunits, one complex IV subunit, two complex V subunits and five tRNA genes, which are indispensable for maintaining normal mitochondrial function [41], the mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion could lead to energy production catastrophes [42] and abnormal ROS generation [43]. Since the deletion levels observed here were well below the threshold for any bioenergetics consequences [42], the up-regulation is more likely due to a retrograde reaction [31] rather than a simple compensatory effect for ATP production. This retrograde signal is amplified in a colorectal cancer background.
In conclusion, our investigation provides evidence that the mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion plays a role in the early stage of colorectal cancer, but it is selected against once the tumor enter the rapid growth phase. Our results also demonstrate that in tumors with this common deletion, mtDNA content could increase specifically in tumor tissues, probably due to a retrograde effect. These results also indicate that both the 4,977-bp deletion and mtDNA content may serve as a biomarker for colorectal cancer in some patients.
This work is supported by Chinese National Science Foundation (31070765/C050605, and 810004611/H1409), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No.2007CB507400), and Yidong Bai is supported by a NIH grant (R21NS072777).
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/12/8/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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The team focuses on a thorough and proactive research of existing systems and design prototypes for application in design and architecture practice; the result of which has been publicly acclaimed in the format of a series of computational design workshops held successfully in Beijing in the year 2016. The team expertise extends to several areas in interdisciplinary system research, including architecture, computer science, nature science, literature, art and music; and applied to master planning, architectural design, building skin standardization, landscape design, and web application. As specialized consultants in computational design, the team has collaborated on projects with many global and domestic firms, some of which have been awarded notable recognition, both practical and academic.
Multivalence to Synesthetic Design
Our concept in design starts from this universal idea, interpretation differs dramatically from person to person. When intangible phenomena are embodied, interpretation plays an immense role from a project's onset to its conclusion. We believe that the process of design should span across disciplines, be open to multifaceted perspectives and be devised with ingenuity. Significant emphasis is placed on the understanding of the multivalence of our world to more fully create products that satisfy the practical and aesthetic desires of our customers, allowing our designs to reach a larger and more diverse expanse of users. We embrace this idea of multivalence and incorporate it in real applications of computation within our various types of design.
Synesthesia is described as a condition in which two or more of the five senses that most people experience separately are mixed (Merrian). For example, in addition to seeing colors, one may also feel or smell them, or involve any combination of the five senses. While speaking of synesthesia, the idea of multivalence is a natural phenomenon that can be observed, studied, and put to practical use. It is our mission that, by exploring and tuning our own synesthetic design, we can aim to create a design style that is more multivalent with the possibility of reaching a diverse network of users and goals.
2017 Turenscape Academy Workshop Series First Installment: Variable Territories (Conceived by Tom Verebes)
2016 Second Prize: W.E Plus Design Contest, Tongzhou BDA City of W.E Plus Creative Design Contest
2016-2017 5 Installments of Computational Design Workshop: Variations of Applied System (VAS) Vol.1-5: Collaboration with gooood.hk, AntiStatics
2015 Lecture at Qinghua Academy of Art Parametric Design – System
2013 Lecture at Henn Architect Tuning Synesthesia computational design – input and output
2009 Lecture at CAFA Applied Negotiations – Associative Strategies in Architecture and Urbanism
2012-2017 Computational research www.vas.tsynsth.com
Tianbao Hu / Billy Brodus / Helen Au / Julio Lemena
Devina / Mary / Marian Albarrán / kaikaikay


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Evergreen High student finally gets his diploma – more than 50 years later
Photos courtesy Highline Public Schools
Ron Slater, a former Evergreen High School student, finally received his high school diploma this week – more than 50 years after dropping out of high school to join the military.
Slater, a Navy veteran, is 74-years old.
His diploma was granted through 'Operation' Recognition in acknowledgement of his military service and post-secondary education he pursued later.
On Tuesday night, he joined other graduates from Arts & Academics Academy from White Center's Evergreen High campus. He received his diploma, and also offered some words of advice to the students – here's a video from KIRO7:


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This is a session showing the early stages of TRV. (kindergarten level - where I'm at)
"A.O.L." = Analytical Overlay. While working the target, if you suddenly feel as if you know what the target is, you need to declare it, drop the pen, then pick it up and continue. In this case I started feeling that I was possibly remote viewing a planet so I had to get that out of my system. :)
Target = "Stoney Bay"


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Accounts will also let you interact in diverse ways with the portal and other users. For example, you will be able to "like" World Oceans Day events submitted by other users, and contribute translations and resources to the portal. The more you interact with the portal, the more the portal will reflect you and your community.
The most active users will be awarded "Champion" accounts with access to an individual profile page and other functionalities.
Join UNWorldOceansDay.org and bring the global World Oceans Day Family to your community!


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Inkcups Now
Inkcups Now's Cobalt laser plates, which were originally developed for the Cobalt 1000 laser system, also can be used successfully with other laser systems. The double-sided plates are designed for use with the Nd:YAG wavelength (1.064 micron) and reportedly are precision coated to a tolerance of
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Help Us Protect and Restore the Bay
Public funds cannot be used to pass this important measure. We rely on private contributions to fund a strong campaign.
To make a donation by mail: Download a donation form
Make checks payable to: People for a Clean and Healthy Bay, 2350 Kerner Boulevard, Suite 250, San Rafael, California 94901
FPPC #1380789 | Federal Tax ID 47-5267997 | Contributions are not tax-deductible.


text: Back No honeypot? Don't bother calling yourself a security pro Date09 Apr 2013 CategoryIntrusion Detection2358Posted ByAnthony PellInfoWorld Deploy one of these honeypots and you'll soon find out who's attacking you -- and devise a strong defense to fight back. I'm constantly amazed by how many companies don't bother running honeypots, despite evidence that they're incredibly high-value, low-noise defense assets. A honeypot is a computer software or device that exists simply to be attacked. You can take any computer -- typically one you're getting ready to decommission because it's old and underpowered -- and use it as a honeypot. Because it's no longer a legitimate production asset, no person or service should be connecting to it. When something (such as a hacker or malware) connects to it, the honeypot sends an alert that can trigger an immediate incident response. Read this full article at InfoWorldPrevNextShare


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Bladder cancer is a cancer that starts in the bladder. The bladder is the body part that holds and releases urine. It is in the center of the lower belly area. These tumors are classified based on the way they grow:
Symptoms of bladder cancer can include:
- Papillary tumors have a wart-like appearance and are attached to a stalk.
- Nonpapillary tumors are flat. They are much less common. However, they are more invasive and have a worse outcome.
Symptoms of bladder cancer can include:
- Abdominal pain
- Blood in the urine
- Bone pain or tenderness if the cancer spreads to the bone
- Fatigue
- Painful urination
- Urinary frequency
- Urinary urgency
- Urine leakage
- Weight loss


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Driven by the necessity to prepare some realistic materials for a project, I've been studying Blender, an open source 3D suite, for about half a day. To confess, this is the first time for me to really use 3D software. I'm still having troubles in making textures come out the way I want...
(Blender) Blender study
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November note.
Pic by Charli Burrowes from Me Oh My Girl
Hi there!
Thanks for being here and reading these words. If this is your first time here, welcome to Chutzpah Creative, a venture I began to help businesses and non profits tell their stories – through video production, social media and content marketing.
These past few months, it's been a journey of growth and lessons. Never before have I surrendered this deeply to my intuition, and never before have there been so many opportunities to grow from change and challenge! Everyday in business presents a brand new blank page, and I really feel like this is the best personal development lesson I'm going to have.
One person I admire greatly in business is Sir Richard Branson. I've read a couple of books he's written and he delivers immense value through his writing..thought I'd share this particular quote that has stayed with me
Running a business takes blood, sweat, and tears (and caffeine). But at the end of the day, you should be building something you will be proud of. Branson says, "When I started Virgin from a basement in West London, there was no great plan or strategy. I didn't set out to build a business empire … For me, building a business is all about doing something to be proud of, bringing talented people together and creating something that's going to make a real difference to other people's lives."
Source: Like a Virgin: Secrets They Won't Teach You at Business School
That is so true. It does take work, but at the end of the day, it's a journey I am proud to be part of. I'm sure this business is going to change, and as it changes, so will the shape, structure and overall look.
This November, I'm going with that flow – of change, consistent mayhem – which I'm sure will be messy and imperfect. I'm ready to complete what I've begun, take some changes, and complete the month before the end of this year with…well, chutzpah!
I'm excited about every single thing,
Come on, November, let's see where we go 😉
Love the journey…
FD x


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Pricing Policy
Everyday Low Prices! It is the policy of Sax & Woodwind...and Brass to keep our prices as low as reasonably possible to give Australians the opportunity to purchase at competitive prices and still enjoy all the benefits of a local warranty.
All prices shown on this website include GST. This is required by Australian law. The delivery price for goods (where applicable) will be shown separately at the checkout before orders are placed.
Sale Prices are for cash and credit card only. Unless specified the prices only apply to current stock. Sale items cannot be purchased on laybys or purchase plans. Some sales are in store only and do not include free shipping.
When buying instruments from the USA, the UK and Europe please be aware that any purchases over $1000AUD will attract GST, customs processing charges, and will involve foreign exchange charges (as well as freight in most cases). Do your sums carefully to ensure you are not paying more for something you could have bought in Australia for the same or less. Also be aware that as authorised retailers we can offer a local warranty for our products, which will save you more freight charges and headaches should something go wrong.
Sax & Woodwind...and Brass is not responsible for typographical errors in pricing, product images, or product specification inaccuracies on our website. Prices are subject to change without notice. The recommended retail prices (RRP) are provided to us by our suppliers and are for information only. This price may not have been charged by Sax & Woodwind in the past, and will not necessarily be charged in the future.


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You don't need a special crystal ball to keep on track with all the comings and goings on all the rosters of all the OOSL teams! Just use this page as your Roster Watch Headquarters. Here is your source for Roster Changes of all sorts. All Roster Changes, both OOSL and AA, are documented and accessible from the links below.
The 1999 Roster Changes will start to be documented as soon as the Trading Season Opens. Keep watch here for all the up-to-the-minute trading news!
The 1998 section begins with the special 1998 Compensation Act -- which deals with the changes in OOSL Minimum Requirements and the changes in the Negro Leaguers -- and follow up with 1998 Trades, the 1998 Annual Draft, and continue with the 1998 End of Season Roster Drops and the Disbandment Player Pool. These links will stay for reference for as long as we need them (or until we run out of space!)
|1999 Trade Listing
|1998 Compensation Act
|1998 Trade Listing
|1998 Annual Draft
|1998 Disbandment and Player Pool
Back to OOSL Central.


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This morning, while Full Moon energy is still strong, I lit a candle of intention.
Behind the candle is a card I received in the mail from a friend – I joyfully welcome wolf energy into this day!
One characteristic of wolf is an *appetite for freedom*. Yes!! Another is an invitation to *trust your instincts*. Yes!!
When I consider my personal intention for this candle this guidance arose from my heart:
As you carefully, lovingly disentangle from energetic patterns that result in pain-filled experiences, you make room for grace, joy and peace to permanently reside.
This is what I am releasing: not enough, my tolerance for personal abuse (in my life), doubt about my gifts and skills, fear of men who attempt to 'play the power card' in my little families life. (I'm no longer playing the 'he barks, we react' role, ever. Again. Ever.)
I recently met a woman whose daughter was a victim of domestic violence – murdered by her daughter's husband. Meeting her reminded me of why I chose to create Facets. To share my experience and my gifts.
You don't belong in abuse (and if that abuse is self-generated – meaning evident in the way you speak to your self and treat your self – which is very prevalent, that 'counts' as something you are not meant to experience). I have written an article on 'why she stays' to share later in the month but for now, know, you aren't meant to stay.
I offer this short Note About Abuse as an inspiration to those whom it resonates with (the link goes straight to the note.)
This applies to each one of us:
God/ess / Source / Universe – whatever energetic form you choose to celebrate sacred connection with – did not gift you life to 'dump shit on you'.
And, yes, it is possible to transmute shit to fertilizer (I have been doing it my entire life) but it is also exhausting and it is not what you were put here on Earth to do.
So, stop. Please.
I am going to share quietly, here, today is the one-year anniversary of the pinnacle of drama from our experience last year when a man (whom if you Google his name the words scam and fraud appear) passed through and 'got me'.
One year ago, today – right at sunset – he said he would die if he didn't receive money by 6p (from his peers / whomever he was asking). He didn't receive the money. I watched him physically fall apart. I offered him a space to stay for the weekend and that Monday, I offered him the money he asked for. I received in return quite a lot of pain and drama – I wish never to experience anything close to that again. I doubted who I was, I doubted that God/ess / Source loved me, I wanted to die. (To be very clear, I was not mad with him – I was mad with myself for manifesting in such energy, for the patterns I hadn't yet released, seething inwardly!)
Many of you supported the children and I with energy, monetary donations, prayer and blessings. We felt the love and encouragement from our personal friends and this Facets community. Because of that love and support, we moved through that *fire* into these moments of now.
As we open this new chapter, it is my intention to thrive. And, I'm going to ask you to thrive with me.
No more 'settling'. Okay? Okay. *grin*
In little pieces this weekend, I am going to bury that experience so we (the kids and I) will no longer remember details (for my protection, I have forwarded all of the written documentation to trusted people, should I need it in the future).
We will remember the love we share, our practices of presence, boundaries and energetic intention and the freedom and joy of sharing from abundance (not necessity).
Please remember, if ever I ask you trust in unfolding, especially through vulnerable or painful times it is because I know the power, first-hand. Every cell in my being knows that love makes a difference – however you choose to express it, each time you choose to express it.
Please, also know, you can never share *too much love*. If your light is too bright for someone, they can choose to wear sunglasses or remove their presence. Let that be your sign to shine even brighter. *grin*.
Dear Reader: As you feel into the energy of the photo, the message and experience I have shared, is there a pattern or energy you would like to release? Does wolf have a message for you? (when you share, you inspire)
Thank you for your presence!
Much peace and abundant love,
Presence to Love Deeply in Daily Life begins December 1, 2014. Pre-registration with a 20% discount is open now through November 16, 2014. To register, please click the title link.
Pre-registration (with a 20% discount) for *Your Body is a Gift* is open through November 16, 2014. When we look at our body as a sacred container and learn to bring energy *into* that container, we then have the choice to create from a naturally centered, empowered space. To register, please click the title link.


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The British Siberian Husky Racing Association was formed by a group of Britain's leading Sled Dog Drivers following the dissolution of BSDRA (British Sleddog Racing Association) at the end of the 1995/1996 race season. Now in it's 23rd season and with 3 of the founder organisers still heavily involved, BSHRA's objective remains unchanged; to provide Siberian Husky owners with a credible British siberian husky racing championship.
We enjoy the benefit of a professional quality TAG Heuer timing system which measures competitors to 1/1000th of a second and utilise only premier race sites which are ultimately very kind to the dogs. These incorporate a wide variety of terrain and surface.
Want to know more? Sign-up for our newsletter here.


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Welcome To Tamilyogi Movies Website
MKV/MP4/HD AVI Full HD 720p, 480p, 1080p Mobile Movies Download
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Tamilyogi You can download your favorite movie on Tamilyogi. Bollywood Movie, Hollywood Movie, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Punjabi You can see all this movie online. Tamilyogi Movies Here you can watch movies in MP4 mkv and HD movies quality 720p, 480p, 360p, 240p, quality. You can also watch the Hollywood Movie Dubbed in Hindi. You can also download movies as well. Tamilyogi All movies here are shown online free. And you can download them as well. In your pc so that you can see them offline later. Tamilyogi 2019
© www.Tamilyogi.world


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(NEW YORK) — Yet another storm is pounding parts of the East Coast with heavy snow and frigid cold on Monday, bringing more school closings, travel backups and federal office closures.
The storm shifted south from the original expected path. While New York City should receive a dusting, the Mid-Atlantic states is forecast to experience the heaviest snowfall — up to a foot in some areas. Washington, D.C., is expected to receive 5 to 9 inches, Dover, Del. should receive 6 to 8 inches, and Philadelphia is expected to receive up to 4 inches.
The system previously brought sleet and ice to cities such as Dallas, Oklahoma City, Little Rock, Ark., and Nashville, Tenn. Some areas in Arkansas and Missouri received up to 4 inches of sleet.
In Wichita, Kan., the slick roadways triggered hundreds of weather-related accidents, leading to at least eight deaths.
In Arkansas, an SUV lost control and plunged off a bridge, injuring two and killing one.
Midwest drivers such as Kristyn Meadows had trouble navigating the icy roads. "I'm not a good driver in the first place, and I can't drive in this crazy Oklahoma weather," she said.
Dave Burch, a spokesman with the Maryland Highway Administration, is urging people to stay off the roads so the plows can get through. "All it takes is one serious crash during rush hour on the Beltway or on 95, and then it's like there's a 20-mile backup," he said.
The storm has grounded flights nationwide. As of 7 a.m. Monday, more than 2,000 flights have been canceled, according to the Web site Flightaware.com.
While the storm should move out in the early evening, forecasters expect record cold to follow with sub-zero temperatures across the Midwest.
The temperature in Kansas City Monday morning fell to -2 (the record on this date is -1). Temperatures of -2 were reported in Chicago while it was -10 in Minneapolis.
The bitter cold will swing East Monday night, with chilly temps lingering into the middle of the week.
Copyright 2014 ABC News Radio
Recent posts in National News


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I'm going to apologize up front in case this gets long winded, and it most likely will. If you're not in the mood for rambling tonight, then you should probably just skip this entry. Don't say I didn't warn you if you decide to keep reading past this point…..(or just scroll down to the CUE the Polish Review section)
Tonight, the water is out at my complex due to a nearby water main break that happened on Wednesday (why this is just now causing water pressures problems is beyond me) so I had to run to Walgreens to get some bottled water, baby wipes and baby oil. Which sounds odd, but I had decided to try some Nads wax strips I bought a couple weeks ago on my legs and rather than removing the hair, the wax just stuck to my leg! WTF? Some wet wipes I have for my face mostly did the job, but there's still some residue. Hence the baby oil to take care of that and the baby wipes for hand washing. THEN, I came home and gave the cats some cold water from my Evian bottle (yeah, you read that right…I promise they don't always drink imported French water. Usually they drink out of the toilet even though I provide them with a bowl of yummy tap water, but as I said, the water ain't workin 'round these parts, folks), and one of them proceeded to run into the bowl and spill it all over the floor! Seriously!! And they've never even done that before. My efforts to spoil them with fancy cold water were, sadly, in vain. So yeah…I'm a little irritated at the moment!
Not to mention that before all this happened I was already frustrated with my Deborah Lippmann polish and starting to feel a little like Joan Crawford…err, Faye Dunaway (aren't they really one and the same now, anyway) in the scene from Mommie Dearest when she screams at Christina to bring her the axe so she can chop down that ugly, offensive, good for nothing shrub.
Yup, just like that. So now I'm watching Daria in an attempt to assuage my frustration. But you're really here to read about nail polish, and since that is ostensibly what this blog is about, the show must go on, ladies and queens!
CUE the Polish Review: I ordered my Deborah Lippmann polish from HSN because they were selling things in sets and made me feel like I was sort of getting two-for-one (even though, for the price, this was totally not the case). First, I chose the Simply Beautiful Nail Care Set that includes the Turn Back Time Rejuvenating Base Coat and On a Clear Day High-Gloss Top Coat. I was pleased with the base coat overall. It's a nice, benign, neutral color and applies well. The brush is nicely flexible, too. I was pleased with the brushes of all the polishes….until one of the bristles came out when I was applying the top coat. Again, not cool for the price point!
Speaking of that top coat, I am not pleased with it whatsoever. I experienced bubbles both times I used it, although fewer the second time after I used some of the tips I found at this Lacquerized blog entry from last year. Since I ended up with less bubbles the second time, I thought, okay, I'll give this top coat another chance. Until it had been on for over 45 minutes and I went to put on my shoes to make that Walgreens run, and it smudged BIG TIME. Like, the worst smudge I've ever experienced. Crazy! So I think I'm done with it.
Now, as for the polish colors I ordered, they are part of the Lippmann Collection that is exclusive to HSN I think. I'm not entirely sure if the formula is different from the other Lippmann polishes, but I'm guessing so. I tried Daytripper first which is a coral shade. It applied nicely but the top coat caused so many bubbles that I removed the whole shebang as soon as I got home from work today. Then I tried P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) which is a semi-sheer pink-ish shade that's more 1980s peaches and cream than anything else. I would've stuck with it, though, had it not been for the world's biggest smudge. Scroll down for images of these two colors. I had to post them separately since HSN is now sold out of that set. Oh, and did I mention how these two shades came in a MINI set? Yeah, I wasn't too happy about that since they appear full size on the HSN site. Perhaps I should've checked the ounce size and compared first. Also, the colors were quite a bit different than what I saw on my monitor. Even though I expected that to be somewhat the case, this whole experience has only served to remind me why I typically avoid ordering nail polish off the Internet.
Basically, for the price I paid for all of these, I am less than impressed. I think I've decided to return them to HSN, get my money back, and head to Nordstrom for a future Deborah Lippmann purchases. It's unfair to judge the brand as a whole when some of the product I ordered may be an alternate formula, so I'll have to give Deborah Lippmann another chance in the future. Phew! I need a strong, Joan Crawford-style cocktail now!


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Custom Foot Orthotics
Custom made foot orthotics are bio-mechanical medical devices designed to correct alignment of the foot and ankle. Each pair of custom made orthotics is made directly from a 3-Dimensional cast of your foot and designed specifically to address your foot's individual need. Symptoms of poor foot mechanics include general foot pain, bunions, hammer toes, arch/heel pain, leg/knee/ankle pain, hip or back pain. Custom orthotics help by reducing the normal balance and alignment of your body by gently correcting foot abnormalities.


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Benefits & Features
Better safe than sorry, we always say. SKINS DNAmic TEAM Half Tights with Pouch are designed for performance and protection when – and where – it counts. By adding a protective box pouch to the front of our standard DNAmic TEAM Half Tights, we've got your performance and comfort needs covered.
Benefits Include
- Integrated front pouch to contain a protective box
- Enhance circulation to increase oxygen delivery to active muscles and help clear blood lactate
- Eliminate chafing with flatlock seams
- Comfortable jacquard waistband with bonded tape finish anchors onto hips
- Shaped crotch for comfort
Wear them with our DNAmic TEAM Short Sleeve top for a warm-weather compression combo that'll protect you at the crease.
Fiber Content
Main: 81% polyamide, 19% elastane, exclusive of trims
Compression Benefits
Dynamic Gradient Compression
SKINS most advanced compression technology increases muscle oxygenation, stabilises active muscles and reduces blood lactate build up, to enhance performance and speed up recovery time.
Functional Design
SKIN fit
SKINS unique sizing system is based on our unique Body Mass Index (BMI)/anthropometrical algorithm, because you only get the full benefits of gradient compression if your SKINS fits you properly
Muscle Focus
Biomechanically positioned panels and seams support and stabilise the muscles to reduce fatigue and risk of injury.
Fabric Technology
Moisture Management
Moisture wicking fabric draws sweat away from the body to the surface of the garment where it evaporates to keep you dry.
50+ UV Protection
SKINS proven 50+ UV protection.
Warp Knit
SKINS compression fabric is made from a warp knitted mix of yarns that give you a carefully calculated level of stretch for controlled compression and durability.


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Feeling a little lackluster? The 24K Sensitive Skin Eye Cream is your way of hiding that telltale dullness and fatigue around your eyes. This beauty elixir is specially created in a non-irritating formula with fine ingredients that include gold, collagen-boosting peptides and vitamin-rich soybean oil. It's gentle, yet powerful enough to help reduce the look of lines and wrinkles, invigorating your eye area with a radiant, youthful finish.
How to Use
Apply product using ring finger. Gently massage along orbital bone and under eye area. Use after 24K Sensitive Skin Eye Serum for best results.


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The deep-rooted military establishment has shown its muscle by not only cutting the biggest media house to size but also unleashing political opponents like Imran Khan and his associates to keep Nawaz Sharif under constant pressure
Dr Haider Shah
November handed out a mix of happy and woeful developments in terms of regional peace and development. On the Afghanistan side we have witnessed some very positive breakthroughs in Pak-Afghan relations. The Nawaz Sharif government and the army establishment seem to have found a common cause in rebuilding relations with the new government in Afghanistan. Arguably, President Ashraf Ghani is the ideal person to carry out the challenging task of building a state structure in Afghanistan, a task that has eluded many reformers in the past. He is a respected academic in anthropology and statecraft and has an association with many world class renowned universities. He is a reformer with high ideals but not a daydreamer who lives in a fool's paradise. His experience at the World Bank and finance ministry of war-torn Afghanistan will prove very helpful in rebuilding the country. Unlike the bipolar Hamid Karzai, Ashraf Ghani is a cool headed and progressive leader who represents a broad based unity government in Afghanistan. In regional disputes, while the inertia of the past is the most potent determinant, the significance of personalities and their temperament can also not be underemphasised. Perhaps Ashraf Ghani is the right person for the right job at the right time.
Fortunately, both Pakistan and Afghanistan have finally realised that their economic development is dependent upon regional peace and mutual cooperation. A very high level exchange of visits has infused new life into their strategic relations. Foreign Affairs Advisor Sartaj Aziz, Army chief Raheel Sharif and the newly appointed Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) chief Lieutenant General Rizwan Akhtar met their counterparts in Afghanistan in the recent past and discussed issues of mutual interest. Afghanistan reciprocated these peace overtures with the goodwill visit of President Ashraf Ghani. The narrative of military level cooperation and increasing Pak-Afghan trade is nothing short of a paradigm shift. I, along with many other well wishers of Pakistan, have been advocating this for a long time.
If on the western border Pakistan has broken new ground, the developments on the eastern border leave much to be desired. The initial optimism for significant improvement in Pak-India relations after the swearing in of Modi has given way to a belligerent exchange of accusations on both sides. Artillery also keeps roaring frequently on the Line of Control (LoC) to frustrate any trust building moves. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) heads of state moot in Nepal was overshadowed by lack of warmth in the relations between the two nuclear South Asian states. The last minute handshake between Nawaz Sharif and Narendra Modi and the inking of a regional electric grid agreement salvaged some pride for the South Asian regional forum for economic development and gives some reason for optimism to the doves on both sides.
Narendra Modi appears to be in full control of his office as a democratically elected chief executive of India. There is no doubt the input of his military advisers and public opinion play an important part in his policies but there is no perception that he is not calling all the shots. Temperamentally, Nawaz Sharif is not much different. He likes to think out of the box and make big strides. But the events of the recent past have put a big question mark on the ability of the Pakistani premier to act as an epoch making leader. The deep-rooted military establishment has shown its muscle by not only cutting the biggest media house to size but also unleashing political opponents like Imran Khan and his associates to keep Nawaz Sharif under constant pressure. In a recently published story in Foreign Policy magazine, Neha Ansari, a former staffer of a major news channel, reveals that the schemers have even enlisted a number of media houses to promote criticism of Nawaz Sharif. If Nawaz Sharif had enjoyed the same level of freedom as Modi enjoys as a chief executive, I might have seen his present jingoistic discourse towards India entirely differently. However, the national narrative is being carefully engineered by a coterie of retired military personnel turned defence analysts and has been forcibly put in Nawaz Sharif's mouth: Mein khayal hoon kisi aur ka, mujhey sochta koee aur hai (I am someone else's idea, someone else thinks on my behalf).
I have regularly been writing about instances of paradigm shifts in modern history. Nations are often faced with the difficult choice of making a disconnect with their past policies in order to survive in a new environment. Japan and Germany had to change their policies in the changed post-World War II environment. Russia, once the bastion of communism, is now an emerging capitalist power. Serbia has been historically known for jingoist policies towards non-Serbian people in the region. It traded a general, once a national hero, to secure the economic wellbeing of its nationals. We have been pursuing a jingoistic national security policy where we have used religious fanatics as an instrument of our foreign policy manoeuvres. This policy has failed to work and, instead, has backfired by exposing the population to the extremism of homegrown terrorists. Therefore, one can contend that, unlike the timid Serbians, we have shown no qualms in trading economic prosperity for the wishful geostrategic plans of a few generals.
The paradigm shift can only bear fruit if relations are redefined on both the western and eastern borders of Pakistan. There are greater chances of success if we do not weaken the office of our elected prime minister.


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Judicial Stages of a DWI / DUI Case
David Galison, P.C.-- Attorneys at Law
This is an Attorney Advertisement. This website is designed for information purposes only and in no way establishes a attorney client relationship.
I hope that you find the information useful and look forward to meeting with you at the Free Consultation.
© 2011 David Galison, P.C. All rights reserved.
The defense of a criminal case can be complex and confusing to the accused. At the Law Office of David Galison, P.C., a Free Consultation is provided during which the various stages of a criminal prosecution will be explained to you. During this meeting, your rights and defenses to a criminal charge will be discussed in detail.
If you have been charged with Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), Driving While Impaired by Alcohol or Drugs, or Boating While Intoxicated (BWI), we can and will help you.
We are attorneys of the DWI / DUI Law Office of David Galison, P.C. located in Nassau County. We opened our firm with a commitment to providing quality defense representation for people who cannot protect their own rights against abuse from the prosecutor and the police. As attorneys, we know how best to prepare for a prosecutor that may try to build a case using illegal search and seizure methods and faulty breathalyzer readings.
We talk to people everyday who face the same DWI charges as you. We understand how concerned you are about the effects a conviction will have on your record, your future, and your family. We know you can't afford to go to jail, and how important it is for you to keep your driver's license. Often times, our Free Consultation discussions include the following:
During the Free Consultation, any questions and concerns that you may have will be addressed. The meeting will focus on your case specific circumstances because it is only after being fully informed that you will be in a position to make an educated decision about how to proceed with your case.
Judicial Stages of a DWI / DUI Case: DWI Attorneys Nassau County
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DWI Attorneys
DAVID GALISON, P.C.-- 1539 Franklin Ave Mineola, NY 11501