text:
COFFEE CHAOS CUSS WORDS Women's T-Shirt
Regular price $24.00
COFFEE CHAOS CUSS WORDS tee on Bella Canvas Mauve Pink Tee with DARK GRAY text, a triblend tee, cotton and polyester blend these shirts will be your new favorite! Soft and Comfy! Commercial sublimation printing will not fade or bleed. Final product will have a distressed look, but **TAKE NOTE** COLOR OF INK MAY APPEAR 1-2 SHADES LIGHTER THAN PICTURE SHOWN DUE TO THE HEAT PROCESS**
We do not accept returns or offer refunds due to the custom nature of every design we process. We will accept exchanges for a DIFFERENT SIZE ONLY!!! Please contact us prior to any exchange at email@example.com, make sure to reference ORDER NUMBER
Every order is shipped via the United States Postal Service. Priority shipping IS NOT offered at this time.


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Communication during 1st batch of medicines delivered to Vavunia Hospital Subject: FW: Medicine Dear All, Mr Mathi Kumarathurai (Sri Lankan Diaspora Group in Denmark) has collected 50 KG medicine (mainly pain killers). He requested Little Aid to organise the clearance from Sri Lankan authorities and hand it over in Chettikulam IDP camp. I am awaiting clearance […]Read more ›
Communication from our facilitator in Sri Lanka : Dear Mr Constantine Little Aid Project A brief note regarding the goods delivered to Vavuniya . On Saturday 16th May I personally traveled to Dambulla along with a friend of mine to purchase the vegetables. After discussing the vendors I managed buy the vegetables at economical price […]Read more ›

subset: commoncrawl


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"Why are PROS racing AM races?" a tweet notification popped up on my screen. A fair question, of course. One that I'm sure many MX riders, particularly women riders, are asking. As many of you know by now, women's pro motocross, dubbed "WMX," has been relegated to amateur events for 2014 after losing its home alongside men's Pro MX.
The responses that followed from fellow angry tweeters were absurd, at best. No, it's not because "some man" decided. And no, "that man" most certainly isn't D. Coombs. For some reason people at large have crowned Coombs as the King of Pro Motocross, as the man behind all the decisions. I don't know much, but I certainly know this to be a vast misconception. In the Pro MX world, there are much bigger players than Coombs. (And to his credit, it was Coombs who dreamed up bringing WMX to the Pro series in the first place, so give the guy a break.)
If you want to blame the television networks, or the sponsors, you're getting warmer. The simple fact is that pro racing hardly exists without the corporate bodies who fund it, but let's not pretend that these are acts of charity. We're all in business to promote ourselves—our brands, our products—and thusly, we invest in the events and athletes that are marketable.
Female MX athletes are some of the most dedicated, die-hard athletes in the biz. Factory team managers are completely at a loss. Imagine watching these girls with so much talent, so much drive, and nowhere to go. In fact, most people in the industry are pretty bent up about the state of WMX.
But the cold, hard truth is that WMX is simply not marketable—at least not yet. And if I'm going to charge anyone with that crime, I charge you. Yes, YOU: Motocross fans. There's little money behind women's racing because the fans aren't behind it.
"But they're not as fast as the guys," you say, and I admit, this is largely true. And while there's simple anatomy to blame (men are anatomically stronger than women, generally speaking), and while female athletes on the whole are at an evolutionary disadvantage (men have been competing in athletic events for thousands of years; meanwhile, in the powder room, the women are knitting), I think it goes deeper still. After all, we've seen the likes of up-and-coming female athletes like Courtney Duncan who has the speed to beat plenty of her male competitors in the amateur scene. Still, at Loretta's I didn't see a whole lot of people—sponsors or fans—who seemed all that interested in pursuing her.
If you really get down to it, I think you've got to dig into the very culture of motorsports, one in which women play a very clear role, and it's a silent, porcelain-faced, half-clothed one. Let's be honest, the Monster girls get more coverage at motorsports events than all the female racers combined. Female athletes can only hope to be blessed with a pretty face, so that maybe the camera will be so generous as to gaze upon them.
Now before you misconstrue my argument, please understand that I mean no disrespect to the models. Haters: pipe-down. There's room for both Dianna Dahlgren and Jessica Patterson in this industry. All I'm saying is, what if we celebrated talent just as much as we celebrated beauty in our young women? What if we gave WMX another chance, a REAL chance? What if we, THE FANS, invested a little more time and interest into WMX, not just for ourselves, but also for our daughters, our sisters, our girlfriends, our wives, our mothers, and for the sport we love?
Maybe instead of being angry about WMX joining the amateur events, we can see this as an opportunity. After all, this year female racers have eight national events at which to compete, compared to last year's measly three events with the Triple Crown. At least one of these amateur events will be televised, and that number is expected to grow in the coming years. Look at the attention amateur national MX events are getting these days: last year, Loretta's garnered a larger television viewership than the X Games! These amateur events are going to get a lot of press, and WMX is going to be a part of that.
The decision to hold WMX races alongside amateur events was merely a financial one, one that was necessary in order to give female athletes the opportunity to race this year. Now, it's up to us to decide what the future of WMX holds. As for me, I'll be at the track with a front row seat when the women take the gate.
-Rachel Witt


text:
Monday, May 23, 2016
A wonderful and wild weekend... The retired kind..
22 comments:
Oh Faye I was laughing so hard. . .you made my day as you told of your "wild" ride down the dirt road! 😂 must be something about a man,his truck and a dirt road as my husband loves to do that also.ReplyDelete
Love all your goodies: you did very good! Your time with family and friends sounds delightful!
Enjoy your week and God bless! Linda
You get the BEST THINGS at your yard sales! I remember the hooked rugs from the last time!ReplyDelete
That was a funny story! It seems he can't help himself when it comes to back roads!ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Enjoyed ur blog. Luv' being with you. Yes I love homemade quilts. When u get that good of a deal please think of your friend. HugsReplies
Oh Pam... I feel so bad.. I would have bought them in a minute.. I just was not thinking... Next time, my friend.. Love being with you, too.. Thanks for your lovely gift.. xoDelete
Faye, You have the wildest adventures on back roads.. haha. cheers!!ReplyDelete
A cup of tea was certainly needed!!! I love your purchases!ReplyDelete
Hello Faye....Keep the wonderful news about your trips out in the country coming!!!! I love them. I laughed so hard.....that I got the hiccups! Jim is the same way. He says - "Nothings going to keep this old boy down and besides we have a Jeep and we can go anywhere!" Meanwhile my knuckles have turned white....I am so scared. And did you ever get more scared when you realize the mud is very slippery...especially if you are going downhill? Jim snickers and I start yelling! Many times he has put his trusty Jeep into reverse and stepped on the gas(for a very long ways) to get out of those scary places!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
Have another wonderful week. This post was very entertaining!
Faye that was a good one! Cracked me right up. Please keep them coming. : )ReplyDelete
{{giggling}}} I think our husbands are related, just saying. My husbands late grandmother collected those glass chickens...no one knows what happened to them. She left them to me, again, their missing.ReplyDelete
Great finds, Faye...thank you for the fits of giggles, friend.
What is it with Men and their trucks, certainly made me smile. You got some great bargains from the yard sale, loved the quilts. Sounds wonderful to be together with family, creating some amazing memories. Take care.ReplyDelete
Sorry, I had to laugh at the story of the typical man and his car!!ReplyDelete
I think they all need adventure, esp. In the woods in trucks. I think It keeps the little boy alive in them.ReplyDelete
My Mom had a hen just like that, and I love that kind of transfer ware too!
Loved your sharing! I love the oven, it'll look great hanging there!
Loved the journey too!
Blessings abundant to you both!
LOL! Last fall we got stuck in a ditch on a mountain road with no cell phone reception. Thank you Lord for sending a kind man along to pull us out! Life is always an adventure!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 24, 2016 at 6:08 PM
Faye, I so enjoyed reading about your adventure! I do not think I would have been quite so patient as you. I love this season of marriage as even the little spats feel comfortable! My husband and I will be married 36 years in July. As my mother would say, I always love him but don't always like him. ♥ReplyDelete
I laughed out loud at the driving story about you and Terry! Sounds just like my husband and me! :-) Your yard sale finds are wonderful. I really like the red and white transferware and the quilts. Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
SCARY my friend...I would of felt the same way. I love driving down country roads but I have learned some do not lead to safe places.ReplyDelete
What an adventure.
Thankfully, I don't have to worry about Murray taking back roads like that! Oh dear. He wouldn't want to harm our vehicle on them. I'd be feeling like you were though. That was quite the view from the top of that hill. I'm sure it would be beautiful in the fall with all the colours. You found some beautiful things at the sale. Wasn't that a beautiful weekend? I think we may get some thunder showers here this evening. We do need the rain. Hugs. PamReplyDelete
Great finds at the sale, love those old quilts, so nice that they are still being put to use. I understand I am the same way, I love going out on adventures to see what we might come across but when we get into pickles like that I think, why can't he just stay on a normal road instead of wondering what is down there, luckily we have gotten out of everyone of ours too :)ReplyDelete
I laughed so hard I could hardly read! I live on a narrow gravel road up a hollow in West Virginia but nothing like what you were facing! Loved your yard sale finds.ReplyDelete
Oh my, I am laughing and rolling my eyes.....your hubby's next of kin lives in Texas.....with me!!!!!!! I'm sure you have heard about all the rain we are getting.....yeppers, and with rain comes MUD...and where there is mud there are one or two vintage guys with pick-up trucks who just have to "check" and see if they can get through!!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
Nope, we didn't and yep, we had to have his son bring out the tractor to get us unstuck.....
Gotta' love them...they are just kids at heart....
Blessings to you,


text:
Economic parliamentary: the deletion of three zeroes from the Iraqi currency will...
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(Post from Debbie (The IQD Team))
Economic parliamentary: the deletion of three zeroes from the Iraqi currency will increase the confidence internationally
03/09/2011 13:25
Dohuk 3 September / October (Rn) - The decision of the Economic Committee in the Iraqi parliament on Saturday that the deletion of three zeros from the Iraqi currency will increase the confidence and international credibility in Iraqi currency, noting that the Central Bank of Iraq has a real strategy on the matter, adding that the dinar Iraq will be the strongest in the Middle East.
The Mahma Khalil told the Kurdish news agency (Rn), announced today that "the Iraqi government go really about the process of removing the zeros from the Iraqi currency and giving the fundamental pillars of it, so that there is a balance between the value in the hands of the citizen with the appropriate and value of the real exchange rate in the market." . Noting that "the deletion of zeros will increase the confidence and international credibility in Iraqi currency, particularly that Iraq possesses huge economic resources." The organizers of the Central Bank of Iraq, has indicated in more than one occasion to the need to delete the three zeroes and issue a new currency, the categories of large cash transactions to fill the large, in addition to the presence of small coins, as well as the issuance of new currency in Arabic, Kurdish and English.
He Khalil, MP for the Kurdish coalition, said that "a promising future awaits the new Iraqi dinar, which will be the strongest currency in the Middle East, particularly that Iraq will have in the next few years, balance the fantasy depends on imports of oil could reach 6 million barrels every day ".. He continued by saying "as well as gas revenues and income of industrial, agricultural and religious tourism, along with the experience and capabilities and the bright minds of Iraq."
He believed that "the Iraqi Central Bank has a real strategy about the deletion of zeros from the Iraqi currency, and we trust those who hold it to have the experience of banking and economic outlook contributed and contributes to maintaining the balance of the sovereign of the Iraqi dinar and the holdings of the Iraqi people" .. Noting that "there is full coordination between the parliamentary Economic Committee and the Central Bank of Iraq, and to have our support and our confidence."
And reduced specialize Iraqis in the area of the economy from the impact of the Central Bank of deleting zeros from the currency the purchasing power of the Iraqi dinar, also hopes the government from behind the move, as seen researchers that the cost of raising the zeros will be the biggest of its usefulness, given that the currency's strength is measured by the stability of disbursement, which is based on the strength of the productive sector is capable of providing goods and services.
Read More button on right
And on printing new currency in three languages, Khalil said "the Iraqi constitution states in Article IV that the Arabic and Kurdish are the official languages of Iraq, and guarantee issuing the official gazette in both languages, with the Speech and expression in official domains, like the parliament, Cabinet, courts and official conferences , any of the languages, "..
He continued by saying, "The law also stipulates the recognition of official documents and correspondence in the issuing of official documents in them and open schools in both languages and in accordance with educational guidelines, and paragraph (e) says any other realms that require the principle of equality, such as banknotes, passports, and stamps."
The CBI had announced in June 23 last for his willingness to delete the zeros of the Iraqi currency, and as he emphasized that this step is one of the strategic functions of the Bank, pointed out that the new currency will contain on the Kurdish language in addition to Arabic.
The Central Bank of Iraq four branches in Basra and Sulaymaniyah, Irbil and Mosul, where established bank independent Iraqi under the law of the Central Bank of Iraq issued on the sixth of March / March 2004, which is responsible for maintaining price stability and the implementation of monetary policy, including exchange rate policies and the management of foreign reserves and the issuance of and currency management, as well as to regulate the banking sector.
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text:
Ryan Martin (Blue) chips his way toward huge opportunities
Every new opportunity for undefeated 135-pound fringe contender Ryan "Blue Chip" Martin is a result of patient…well, chipping away. Michael Baca II reports.
Tags: Abel Sanchez, boxing, Denis Shafikov, Easter-Shafikov, ESPN2, Gennady Golovkin, Golden Boy Boxing on ESPN, Golden Boy Promotions, K2 Promotions, lightweight, Marcos Jimenez, Michael Baca II, Mike Baca II, preview, Robert Easter Jr., Ryan Martin, SMS Promotions, Tom Loeffler


text:
Lawmaker: Terrorists treated better than Ramos, Compean
Congressman calls for investigation into reported harsh conditions
Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., at news conference with now-imprisoned former U.S. Border Patrol agent Jose Compean
Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., is calling on the Bush administration to conduct a thorough review of harsh treatment convicted Border Patrol Agents Ignacio Ramos and Jose Compean reportedly are receiving in solitary confinement.
Rohrabacher argues that for 10 months Ramos and Compean have been in conditions more severe than experienced by terrorists held by the U.S. at the Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
The congressman also disclosed he has written a letter to Manhattan federal trial judge Michael Mukasey, Bush's nominee to replace Alberto Gonzales as attorney general, demanding that upon confirmation Mukasey conduct an unbiased review of the agents' prosecution.
"Given the close personal relationship between the prosecuting U.S. Attorney Johnny Sutton, former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and President Bush, past requests for inquiries into prosecutorial misconduct in this case have been ignored," Rohrabacher claimed in a statement.
"Conflicting statements made by Mr. Sutton during Senate testimony in July and to the press have yet to be clarified," Rohrabacher continued, "and newly obtained information regarding the treatment of the officers in solitary confinement for the last 10 months reveals conditions that are harsh and unnecessarily punitive in nature."
Ramos and Compean received sentences of 11 and 12 years respectively for their actions in the shooting and wounding of Osvaldo Aldrete-Davila, a Mexican illegal who was fleeing across the Mexican border and resisting arrest after having smuggled 750 pounds of marijuana into the U.S.
In a fact sheet comparison of Gitmo Camp 4, the medium-security terrorist detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, and the solitary confinement experienced by Ramos and Compean under the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, Rohrabacher claims the former border agents' spend 23 hours per day in their cells, with only one hour permitted outdoors per day.
Camp 4 Gitmo detainees, according to the fact sheet, are allowed to live in a communal setting that permits up to nine hours per day in outside exercise and recreational facilities that included covered picnic tables and ping-pong tables, as well as access to soccer fields and volleyball courts.
Rohrabacher's analysis is backed up by a U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Prisons program statement issued Dec. 29, 1987, which defines the solitary confinement standards for the administration detention of prisoners on a non-punitive status who are isolated for their own safety.
On Feb. 6, WND broke the story Ramos was severely beaten by inmates at the Federal Correctional Complex in Yazoo City, Miss., where he was initially placed in general prison population.
The attack came immediately after the airing of a segment on Ramos and Compean by the "America's Most Wanted" television show.
The White House initially cautioned WND against publishing the report, but the Bureau of Prisons confirmed the assault.
Ramos and Compean began serving their federal prison sentences on Jan. 17, while their cases were yet under appeal.
An American Armed Forces Press Services news article published Feb. 16, 2006, confirms Camp 4 Gitmo detainees have privileges that include culturally sensitive food, periodic visits from a designated librarian, popular books translated into Arabic, electric fans in the bays, ice water available around the clock and plastic tubs with lids for detainees to store personal items. The detainees also are issued white uniforms, considered a more culturally respected color than the orange suits typical of many prisoners in the U.S.
While Gitmo Camp 4 detainees get weekly ice cream parties and access to Subway or McDonald's meals, Rohrabacher's fact sheet says Ramos and Compean receive no special meals or extra food privileges.
At one point, Ramos lost 30 or more pounds and his family was concerned he was not receiving needed prescription medications.
Gitmo Camp 4 detainees are allowed to watch Arabic family TV programs and soccer highlights, while Ramos and Compean are denied access to TV.
Gitmo Camp 4 detainees are allowed showers after daily exercise periods, while Ramos is permitted only three showers weekly and none on the weekend.
The former border agents are kept in concrete slab solitary confinement maximum security cells, while Gitmo Camp 4 detainees live in a communal setting.
WND reported a request by Ramos and Compean to be released on bond pending appeal was denied.
Critics point out the Bush administration refused to intervene on behalf of Ramos' and Compean's bond request, in sharp contrast to the president's decision to commute the sentence of convicted White House aide Scooter Libby before he spent a day in federal prison.
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text:
N.Y. Giants Fever has absolutely TAKEN OVER, and what better way to rock this Sunday's SuperBowl XLVI than WITH A WINE that is WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTED DIRECTLY by the Mara Family, the 2009 St. Amant Mohr-Fry Ranch Zinfandel out of Lodi!!! BOLD, SPICY and KICKASS, this is the PERFECT SUPERBOWL PARTY Wine, and at today's price, is a steal of a deal!
Regularly $20, I am discounting this down to $13.95/bottle, and after tasting this KILLER ZIN, like the N.Y. Giants, I'm ALL IN
Are You??? Grab this winner with BOTH hands TODAY! Cheers!
All alcohol shipped to NJ is subject to 7% NJ sales tax. We reserve the right to limit quantities while supply lasts. Prices effective January 31st, 2012 through February 7th, 2012. Prices in this ad are set by Shoppers Vineyard, Clifton, New Jersey ©2012


text: On Wed, 2008-12-24 at 03:28 -0800, Michael A. Peters wrote: > Michael A. Peters wrote: > > > > > I think I may have found what I need - I found some articles on parsing > > e00 files into arrays that I can then use to draw them with gd. Now the > > only issue is the e00 files I have have *too* much information - they > > are statewide - so I need to figure out which datasets in the files are > > the ones I want ,,, > > > > I may just write a shell script that parses the e00 file and turns the > > data sets into php include files. There may be some scripts out there > > that already do a similar thing I can steal, as e00 seems fairly common > > and has been around awhile. > > I think ogr2ogr does what I want - it looks like it has a driver for > putting the contents of various formats into database (including MySQL > which is already being used for the wildlife database) and then I can > probably get the coordinates I need to draw the county border and > lakes/rivers from there. Hmm, using MySQL...You are aware that it supports High Level Graphing as of version 5.1? IMO I think your are overloading yourself in PHP Code. Why not let the DB do this for you since you already have some of the data in it? You could use SPROCS and Triggers to do this all. As in Plotting all your corordinates you need. JohnStanley <snip/>


text:
Once again, I found a video that has gone viral. Loaded just 2 days ago, it already has been viewed over 1.2 million times. Is there a lot of work in a video like this? Definitely. A lot of work and planning took place to make sure this all came together.
But the idea is to find a way to reach out and touch your clients. You don't have to make it spectacular. You just have to be creative.
And you don't have to be professional in the manner you present it. Just have fun and get out there and do it.
Video is the way we are moving. As video becomes more accessible to the search engines, you'll find more uses for it. Use this as your inspiration, and start putting together some ideas.
Don't forget to download your FREE Blogging Planner today.
Blogs can benefit any website but don't worry if you can't do all the writing yourself … you can hire a ghost blogger for that!


text:
Attention: For textbook, access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items.
In 2003, archaeologists investigating the proposed route of the Waterford City Bypass on behalf of Ireland's National Roads Authority discovered the remains of a 9th century Viking settlement on the southern bank of the River Suir at Woodstown, County Waterford. The discovery has been hailed as one of the most significant made by Irish archaeologists in modern times. This book is the definitive report on the archaeological excavations undertaken at Woodstown, as it draws together all the existing evidence from the site and places it in its national and international context. About the excavation: the site has significant implications for the understanding of the earliest phases of Viking raiding in Ireland and the establishment of their settlements on the island * it contains one of the most richly furnished Viking warrior burials in Ireland or Britain * Woodstown was an important center for trade and exchange: materials recovered from the site include amber from the Baltic, silver coins from the Near East, and weapons from Scandinavia - reflecting the range of the Viking trading networks in the 9th century * the origins of the vibrant and distinctive Hiberno-Norse culture that developed in Ireland in the following centuries may be traced back to Woodstown and similar sites. [Subject: History, Medieval Studies, Archaeology, Viking Studies, Irish Studies]


text:
Smart Sort is functionality in eBird Mobile for Android was added in late November 2017. This new functionality uses "Status in area" from eBird frequency
Just like eBird maps gives frequency worldwide for any bird species in the world, such as Barn Swallow, one can imagine that each of those grid cells can provide frequency for all species as well. That is exactly what this new option is doing when you have a cell connection (this does not yet work offline).
For any 20x20 grid cell on the planet, the eBird app figures out first what 20x20 grid cell you are in. Once it knows that, it checks to see that there are at least 25 complete checklists for that grid cell for the current 3-week period (i.e., this week, the week before, and the week after, as in eBird bar charts). If there are fewer than 25 checklists in that spatio-temporal window, then it zooms out to a 60x60 km grid and tries again. If it still has too few checklists, it goes to 100x100km. If that fails, then it falls back to the regional data entry checklist. This allows it to be flexible and give finer scale information in areas with dense eBird data and still give spatially relevant results even when the data are sparse.
Once it knows what grid cells to use, it calculates the eBird frequency (again see more on the eBird bar charts page) and gives the average for all species for that day. Those results are then binned into three groups: frequent (6-100% frequency), infrequent (6%> and >0% frequency; orange half-circle) and unrecorded (0%; red circle). Since eBird data entry checklists are regional, but bird occurrence may follow strong patterns even within a region (e.g., coastal species only on coast and mountain species only at higher elevations) this new functionality can quickly push those species to the bottom of the list if they don't occur where you go birding. This should make it easier to quickly work through a short list of likely species!
A few caveats are worth understanding:
1) Subspecies are not reported uniformly, so data summaries are at the species level and subspecies simply follow the parent species. Frequency data are not stored for subspecies, so you may see a very rare subspecies showing up next to the common one (e.g., Myrtle and Audubon's showing together under Yellow-rumped Warbler, even if one is very uncommon and the other common).
2) Since other taxa (slashes, spuhs, hybrids) are reported only by some users, those are grouped with the unrecorded taxa at the bottom, Remember to search for these if you saw hybrids or distant scoters you could not identify (e.g., scoter sp.)
3) Sometimes a rarity that shows up and is seen by many in an area will cause it to appear as more frequent than expected because of the large number of observations. This is expected and will change over time as more data on common species are collected.
As always, if something is not showing up, you can add it by searching for it in the header bar; see tips on doing this efficiently here. finally, click "Tap to search entire database" to find a species that is not showing up at all (this will almost certainly be a real rarity!).
The image below is for a site in England, has Smart Sort checked, and is showing the three frequency bins. Black Swan of course is an escapee here, but we encourage reporting of such birds to track potentially expanding populations.


text:
So here is an updated version which behaves as follows.
When provided with a values form then for each place n, if n is nil
then n will be set to the nth value returned by the values-form.
(let ((a 1)
(c 3))
(orf (values a b c) (values 4 2 5))
(values a b c))
=> 1,2,3
And here it is in all it's glory.
(defmacro orf (place value-form &environment env)
(multiple-value-bind (vars vals store-vars writer reader)
(get-setf-expansion place env)
(let ((tmp-var (loop repeat (length store-vars) collect (gensym))))
`(let* (,@(mapcar 'list vars vals))
(multiple-value-bind ,store-vars ,reader
(multiple-value-bind ,tmp-var ,value-form
,@(loop for store in store-vars for val in tmp-var
collect `(unless ,store (setf ,store ,val)))


text:
Captain America Veterans' Day Special, part two.
In 1964's Avengers #4, wherever Cap goes, people get all weepy to see him returned to them. Even though the Avengers didn't seem to recognize Captain America, the rest of the world seems to have never gotten over his loss. Which brings us to an interesting point. Was Cap ever actually missing??
See, the thing is, Captain America first appeared in comics in 1940, punching Hitler in the face! Which is pretty bold, considering we wouldn't enter WWII for another year.
That's for Poland and France!
The good Captain continued to be a big seller throughout the War, and then, after 1945 sales began to decline.
An attempt was made to bring back the comic in 1953 as "Captain America: Commie Smasher" but the book folded by 1954. Maybe the McCarthy Hearings made Cap seem more paranoid than timely?
So, when The Avengers find Cap in 1964, and he was MIA since 1945, somehow everyone overlooked the fact that Cap and Bucky were alive and well as late as 1954.
I'd like to wish a happy Veteran's Day to all our service-men and -women who HAVEN'T been frozen in a block of ice for the last 20 years! Your sacrifice is appreciated.


text:
MasteryConnect Announces New Round of Investment
January 19th, 2013
MasteryConnect is pleased to announce it has completed a Series A round of financing with an amazing group of investors. In an over-subscribed round of $4.125 million, Catamount Ventures led the round with a $2.125 million investment. Learn Capital, which invested in MasteryConnect in a seed round, participated again in the Series A financing, and the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation joined this latest round with a $1.5 million equity investment. We are also excited to welcome Deborah Quazzo of GSV Advisors to the team of investors joining this round. With this investment, both The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation and Catamount Ventures will be taking an active role in the company and serving on the board of directors. These investors join an already incredible group from our seed round which included NewSchools Venture Fund, ImagineK12, and an all-star group of silicon valley angel investors.
As a company in the education technology space, we feel that it is critical to bring together the right team internally as well as the right team of financial partners that can help us best serve the needs of students. With this round of financing, we have definitely accomplished this goal, bringing together both foundation support as well as fantastic group of venture capital firms that focus on mission-driven companies. As we first engaged these new partners in the finance process, we found a common alignment with them as we all believe that the best edtech ideas come from within the classroom – just as MasteryConnect began as an idea of a classroom teacher. We also found alignment in the idea that the ability to grow and scale the technology solution requires collaboration from the public and private sectors to impact not just thousands of students, but millions of students.
While the Dell family foundation has made many significant investments over the past six years in both non-profit and for-profit entities, this investment represents the first equity investment for the foundation in a U.S.based edtech company. This 'first' for the foundation is particularly exciting for MasteryConnect as it will not only make a significant impact for low-income students, but for students of all socio-economic categories.
So what does this mean for our incredible customers and users of MasteryConnect? It means we can continue to improve and build upon the great tools that started as an idea drawn up on a whiteboard by an experienced educator and two software developers. It means we can continue to work on new and exciting innovations that help students master critical concepts for college and career readiness, and it means we can continue to do what we love – serving students and educators!


text:
Vol. J.l No. 5
.... ~ , .. t .
LOS ANGELES COlJNTY PUBLIC: 1,..IBRARY ~
322 a. BROADWAY P.O. Box 111 '' LDB ANGELE& !53,, CALIF'DRNIA
November 1957
Sudden, difficult a,id frustating are the problems
confronting the County Library in its~ ef£o~t to
serve an area that is building up to ,t~e combustion
point, daily becomiag more complex and demanding. Throu.gh , the years,
from Depression days to World .War II and post-war recovery, adjustments
have been necessary in the interest of the work program • . Nowhere have
they been heavier than in the realm of personnel. There, the human1 .
aspects of administration, the advisin~Jo counselling, recruiting, ·.;
iaterpretiag of policy and explaining of p~o~edure 0 have. been ba~dle4
by Marian Hayes with a quiet poise, ·tact and.dignity that is the admiration
of the staff. She has also given time and valued thought to
the budget and the annual report. At her busy des~ the questions and
problems of Central and staff members have been patiently heard and
cleared. Ber desk has been "buffer" and ,"shock absorber" between ad• ,··'
ministration and staff', Library and Civil Service. · .
Letters0 memos,· telephone Cfllls and interviews ,
involving Ubrary affairs and private problems of staff members, some
brief and simple, others difficult and far- reachingll have been the grist
of her daily activity. With all she has dealt understandingly and
sympathetically. She •ow feels that the time bas .come for her to retire,
not to a status of leisur:e, but to another type of library work.
~ -- -In- an1tolHlci-11g--this I n nrrbes taf to- inow ow
difficult it is to accept this decision and how futOe to. ~ttempt to give
full recognition to the contribution.s ~rs .. Hayes ha(made in her day to
day work, both at the policy level and ' i n' carrying through the manifold
aspects of the Reorganization plan.
After 32 years of devoted0 unselfish service, in
which she has contributed to the growth a~d deveiopment of the .Library .
aad staff, she has decided to accept a position .in the D9ctors' Library,,
Children's Hospita~. ~ ·
I know the staff shares my regret at losing
Mrs. Hayes. I also know sh~ goes to her new posi tioa wi.th the )}est
Wishes of all.
EVENTS INSPlRE
Other happenings, however, ushered in a share of the
Thanksgiving spirit this November., Among the events-which
we are happily thankful took place--was the opening
of the new };>ranch building at Newhall, begun last January 17., and then
unavoidably halted for some weelrn by a sti-ike in the building trades;
ground breaking for another structure, the one at Lakewood, which is hoped trvi 11
be ready for occupaney by early spri11g; selection and lease of a building,
now being constructed, in which the lon~; planned branch for La :Mirada
will be housed; and the 8th Harvest Book Breakfast, attended by 325
librarians and library friends ., which ran the gamut of stimulatinu authoi:.talk,
from exciting space travel predictions to thought-provoking
evaluations of man's struugle to retain individuality.
NEWHALL Ceremonies directed by Supervisor Warren M. Dorn and
BOWS IN Mr. Henderson presented the new $134,793 library, ~t
22704 West Ninth Street, to the residents of Newhall
on the afternoon of November 13. Encor.~pa ssing 4, 600 square feet, the
building has adequate space for a collection of close to 19,000 books
and is designed to permit cxpansLn when future need arises. Frame
stucco in most of its construction~ it has a large panel of handsome blue
mosaic tile on a portion of the ~ inth Street facade. The flooring is of
beige asphalt tile, the interior walls are grayish green. One wall
provides display space for art exhibits and a showing by local talent was
in place for opening day,. Outside. a pool close to the entrance adds
decoration and offers a cool entrance to the building.
Mrs. Rose Buddell, Newhall branch librarian, reported
that on opening day she circulated 195 books, 250 the next,and 140 the
third. At the old location. she said, a daily circulation of 100 books
"meant a big day and it didn't happen very often." New registrants had
not been tabulated but she said they numbered "well over a hundred ... "
She added, "Practically everyone in Newhall has stopped in for inspection
and everyone is thrilled, just thrilled."
Work on the Lakewood branch began November 13, when
ground was broken for it and two other County
buildings. a Sheriff's Station and a Health Center
in Lakewood's new Civic Center. Cost of the library, funds for which
were set up in the last two budgets. is estimated at $146,866. The
library is to have floor area of 6. 105 squ~re feet, book capacity of
38,000 volumes and is to be air-conditioned throughout. Mr. Geller
has predicted. "A late Spring opening if no unforseen delays develop."
Library-conscious residents of La Mirada should be
enjoying their branch library not later than March,
1958. Lease of a store in a building now under
construction in the new La Mirada Business Center was approved by the
Board of Supervisors November 26. The library will be large9 4,500
square feet, sufficjent space to adequately house 20,000 volumes,
which will be provided as soon as possible. Intensive search for a
suitable site for this library has been going on for two years. Last
March residents of the area organized a Friends of the La Mirada
Library. They have sponsored several book drives. The new branch will
be in Region V, under the supervision of Regional Librarian Corinne
BREAKFAST BROKE This year's Harvest Book Breakfast, Nqvember 20, Statler
SEVERAL RECORDS Hotel, set several records. It drew the largest attea-dance,
325. It was beset by more last-minute hurdles
(all sucessfully surmounted) than any prior Breakfast6 It presented an
author as timely as the in-coming space Age, itself. He is science-fiction
wr.iter Ray Bradbury, who ·predicted, without a quibble, that man
will be on the Moon in ten years, on Mars in twenty five. It presented four
other writers, three who are first-novel writers, all writing on vastly
different subjects ., all of whom have received critical acclaim for thei r
efforts, and one wdter who is a recognized representative of the most
imj)ortant post•war writiag in France.
Two of the announced guests, playwright aad novelist
John Van Druten, and Chin Y. Lee0 San Francisco newspaper editor, notified
Mrs. Wright just one day before ihe Breakfast they could not attend. A
:recurring heart condition had §ent Mr., Van pruten to hi$~ bed and a call
from New York summoned Mr., Lee for consultation on a stage production
now being fashioned from his boo~.
The two replacements~ however, Margaret Creal and Mrs.
Jessie Bennett Sams 0 who graciously stepped into the empty spots, thrilled
and delighted with their talks and were notable additions to the program •
. A.utbor Creal0 i• private life Mrso Fr~derick Q..
Shafer., wife of the pastor of St.,, Ambrose Episcopal Church, Claremo•~ls
the author of A.Lesson I• Love., Mrs. Sams0 Negro teacher~ in the Los
bgeles Public Scliools 0 is the author of White Mother. dramatic and
·movi•g story of her childhood. ·
Even as the Breakfast guests were assembliag it
looked for a dreadful moment as though another unavoidable cancellation
was about to happen. Mrs .. Wri.ght received a telephone call that Romai•
Gary bad been in a traffic accident. Bowever0 he came~ slightly late9
with no damage done except to his watch. Ia speakhg of his book, · ·
Roots .of Beave•11 EBglish translation of his latest novel which last
year won a high French literary award, he closed the program with one
of the most thought-provoking speeches ever delivered at the Breakfasts.
Bi-S- book- deals with-t-he-, vanishing-=-A~-1"-i-ca-n- elephan·t0 a species--on- t-he- wa
out so ~hat progress can take over the plains and jungles. Be compared
the dlsappeariag elephants to man's individual rights in our standardized
Mrse ~right staged another unf orgetable Breakfast.
Mrsc. Terry~ Regional Services Chief Librarian,
spoke to the East Los Angeles Chamber of Conmerce
early this month on the Library's plans for increased
service in that area. Explaining the motive of reorganization as
aa attempt to provide urban instead of the now out-moded rural type of
service, she stressed the Library's long-range plan to replace small.
inadequate branches with fewer large ones, more strategically located,
that will permit larger collections~ increased staffs and longer hours.
A lively question period followed her address~
REPRESENTATIVES AT Miss Ossen, Central Services Chief Li br arian, appointed
DOCUMENTS WORKSHOP Marjorie Lear ned, Mrs ; Marjorie Sheckard and Mrs .
Nellie O':Neill to represent the Library at a Workshop
sponsored by the Documents Committee, California Library Associ ation, at
the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, November 15. Discussions there
dealt with the expanding demands now being made on libraries for more
and more specialized a ssist a n~e in using publications which result from
the federal government research prog?am i n science and technol ogy.
Practic::il i nformation on the scope and availability
of such materials, many not provided by the :federal depository program,
was given by Mrs. Johannn T:1llman, Head, Engineeri ng Library, UCLA, and
a former Tec1rnical reference librn:dan v.ri tll the County Library; Mary
Ryan, Government Publications Room, UCLA; George Tsujimoto, U.S. Armed
Services Technicul Information Agency, and Harold A. Degitz, Supervising
Librarian of the Science and Industry Se1~tion, San Diego Public Library •.
TECHNICAL SERVICES Mrs. Catherine o. MacQuarrie, Technical Services
WILL HOST MEETING Chief Librarian, will play host to the Los Ange les
Area Group of Cat al ogers, an American Library Associ ation
affiliate, at the group's regular meeting Januari.ll. The session
will be held in the Branch Cata log Section, Ferguson Building. Members
will study and examine the Boof{ Catalogs and their method of production.
CULVER CITY BRANCH First sketches by Maurice Fleishman, architect for
IS ONE STEP NEARER the new Culver City branch, we're viewed and ana lysed
late this month by Mr. Henderson and Mr. Geller.
Tentative estimate for t 'lis structure, 6, 900 square feet, larger than any
existing building in the ·.system, is $151,QOO. An informal lounge area,
to be a part of the adult readi ng space, is a new feature for our
branches which Mr. Henderson hopes to incorporate in the building. The
branch will be located in Veterans Memorial Park. It is being built
by Culver City but the Library has agreed to budget for purchase with-in
a five year period. If plans progress without hitches Culver City
should be obtaining books at its new library in the late sunnner of
next year.
PLANS BRI Gb"TEN
A. second ground-breaking which occurred this month
was cause for further library jubilation. This
happy bit of spading, which took place on November 4,
was the beginning of a new shopping center on the West side of Gardena
Boulevard, North from Monhattan Beach Boulevard to 154th Street.
Library officials are now discussi ng preliminary ideas with owners of
the site for a proposed branch there of 4,000 square feet. The location
would be ideal, Mr. Henderson has said, for service to residents of the
Wes tern part of Gardena and to home-owners in County territory lying
between the city and our Lawndale Branch. Search for the proper site
for the proposed West Gardena Branch, has continued for two years.
PLANS LOOK UP FOR An equally long search for a site for the West
WEST COVINA ALSO Covina Regional headquarters building also seems
neariag an end.. That community has announced
intention of shortly constructing a Ci vie Center., . "We would like to be
ia it aad hope to negotiate to that effect as soon as possible.,'\ Mr.
Henderson has said ~ Plans for the building have matured to the point
where an architect has been engaged. He is Maurice Fleishman,
designer of the new Culver City branch. Though appropriatio~ for the new
buildiag has not yet been set up it is expected to be covered in the
aext budget. The building will be approximately 12,000 square feet
aad will involve a number of special design problems~
Search has been started for a new site, with
more space, for the Artesia brancho The present
- b11ildiag11- at 18424 Pioneer Boulevard, provides
only 900 square ~eetn
Possible locations are also being investigated for
a suitable place to house a book collection aad staff large enough to
adequately serve the Carsoa-Keystoae area~ Leases have expired oa both
the Carson aad Keysto~~ buildiags a•d both are being rented oa a monthf.
o-month basis. KeystoneQ which last year circulated 279051 books. bas
oaly 632 square feet i• which to operate. Carson, oaly slightly larger,
850 square feet, had a circulatioa of 37Q.17l.:i The Library is looking
for a building of at least 4c000 square feet to replace the two tiny
iaadequate branches.,
It is hopeithat a decision may soon be reached
oa a headquarters buildiag for Region II~ now housed in the Lennox
b~aacll. Iaglewood ci.ty officials may enl arge t he Inglewood branch
buildiag, which the city owns, for that purpose.,, There is also a
possibility that regional headquarters may be included in plans for a
new Hawthorne branch building. Mr., Henderson met with the Inglewood
City ·council last week for a discussion of the matter.
~ NEW _BEIL 13BANCH Preli.mi_nary_ ~ketches e new BeJl_br.an.che ~~-
IN FtRsr S!AGES designed by the arc)Jitects Risley & Gould 11
were presented this month to the Bell City Council,
and viewed by Mr., Henderson and Mr., Geller.. The library· is beipg built
by the City of 'Bell in its new Civic Ce ter.. It will encompas' 5,400
square feet of ground area ..
EAsr LOS ANGELES Lease on the building used by the East Los
LEASE RENEWED Angeles Branch was renewed this month for a two-year
period~ but with the signing of the contract
came agreement for several improvements to be made innediately.
Additional fluorescent lights are to be installed in stack and adult
reading areas. Interior of the building is to be repainted in CQlors
selected by the Libr~ry acd four new heaters are to be installede
Orders wereplaced this month for three new
Mobilibraries, two replacements, one an addition
to the fleet of five we now operate. The
additional one will be routed over new territory in the Antelope Valley
aad one of the replacements will also be in that area~ The other replacement
is for the La Puente Valley. Each of the new bookmobiles will
carry a stock of 1-600 volumes~
Five small branches, Bandini, Bella Vista.
Belvedere, Maravilla and Stephenson will continue
operation at their present locations at least
to the end of the present fiscal year~June 30,. The lease on Mnravilla
expired this month, that on Stephenson will expire next month, but
rental of both will be continued on a month-to-month basis as is now
being done on the buildings that house Bandini and Belvedere. When
the branches are closed service will be available to residents of the
area from larger, better equipped buildings and rnobilibrariesi>
Mr .. Henderson, annual impress;:irio of the Authors'
Breakfast which winqs,-up the Death Valley '49 ers
Encampment, presented a panel this year of eight
veteran Western historians who spoke to a gathering of more than 200. The
author-speakers were: Dr" Edmundo C,. Jaeger, one of the foremost
naturalists of the Southwest; History Professor LeRoy R. Hafen, Brigham
Young University, Utah, and his wife and collaborator, Mrso Ann W~ Hafenc
Paul 0., Bailey, founder-owner of the Westernlore Press; Mrso Erma Pierson,
desert authority; Nell Murbarger, "ghost town" expert~ Dr,. Aubrey V.. NeashamQ
State Department of Natural Resources; and L~ Burr Beldenv President of the
At the Encampment's Burro Flapjack Sweepstakes 11
Supervisor John Anson Ford gave a diverting account of the role played
by the donkey in Death Valley history"
The new Manhattan Beach branch was the locale for
a motion picture documentary made as a ~ooi for
instructing elementary school classes in the use of
libraries,. The branch was chosen for the purpose by the Pat Dowling
Pictures Company, a firm that specializes in films of an educational
nature for schools and industry ~ Shooting took place on Columbus Day
when the branch was not open for public serviceo The Library is to
receive a copy of the film0 A Treasure in Booksj as a reward for
SCIENCE BOOKLISTS Miss Ossen has announced that booklists for adults,
FOR THREE AGE LEVELS young adults and children, calling attention to the
latest and best in new scienti fic publications
purchased by the Library, will be compiled as soon as possible by the subject
specialists in the Book Selection Unit*
REPORT FROM 'mE
Mrs.Vesta Bruner. Regional Librarian, Region VII,
(El Monte), reports November was a big "book week"
for the branches in her area. A total of 866 new
titles were received at regional headquarters during the first three weeks
of the month and have been routed to the various branches. Checking with the
list of national best sellets as published in the November 18 issue of
Publishers Weekly she said she "was pleased to note" that the Region has
"in quantity" seven of the ten listed titles and was momentarily expecting the
eighth. The two remaining titles were not purchased. "Fewer and fewer complaints
are now made by patrons on the length of time they must wait for
best sellers,~ she said.
She and her staff are now working on the Regional
badget~ _ analysing ~ersonnel and e uiptment needs.
Mrs. Deborah B. Wilds 0 Regional Librarian0 Region lit
(Lennox) completed the inventory of book stocks in all branches in her area
during the month. She gave a series of book talks and reviews to YWCA and
PTA groups in the Centinela Valley and in Inglewoodo
Mrs • .Dorothy Jamieson, Regional Librarian, Region III,
(Torrance), spoke to the El Nido School PTA on November 13, a-nd to the
Hollywood-Rivera PTA on Nqvember 20 on the history of Torrance. In both
iastances she was presented as the authoritative historian of the communitye
She described the area as it was when she first saw it in 1912, a bean field
on the old Domiaguez Rancho, and as it looked the following year when the
first homes were opened in the plot, down to its present status, as an All
America Award City. The 'Award was made last year. Mrs. Jamieson ha11 been
with the Library since 1931.
Her staff, too, is deeply engrossed in budget study.
Corinne Wicks, Regional Librarian, Region V~ (Norwalk),
presented Miss Ossen at a Regional meeting in her area 0 for a discussi on of
the Library's book selection policy and mecha•ies involved in ordering and
reeei-v-lng- book-s. ' t-hi-n-k e-very- 1-i-bra-ry- worke-r • n- t-he- area -ow--u-nde-r-s-t-and
more fully the improvements hoped for under reorganization," Miss Wicks said., -r-
Mrs. Amstell, Coordinator of Work with Children0 Regional
Services, introduced the newly appointed Region VII
Children's Librarian, Mrs. _&Jayo Short, at the Children is
Book Review Meeting November 27. A graduate of the School of Library Science11
University of Southern California, Mrs. Short has served as School Librarian for
the Hudson School District and as Children's Librarian with the Los Angeles
Public Library.
Mrsi. Mary K. Pierson0 appointed last month~ has been
named Children's Librarian for Region V. She, too11 has worked as Children's
Librarian with the Los Angeles Public Libraryo
Region II already has a Children°s Librarian, Mrs.,
Barbara Melnick.
The only thing holding up similar appointments for
the other Regions, Mrs. Terry said, is a dearth of qualified applicants, as
such positions have been allowed in the current budget.
Mrs. Melnick talked to the Ramona Avenue PTA,
November 14, on Beginning to Know Children '.s Books, and earlier in the
month spoke to the El Rivera School PTA on What You Put In Your Child's
Mind Is As Important As What You Put In His Stomach.· -- - · · ·
Mrs • . Melnick and Mrs. -Wilds also met with the
faculty of Las Virgenes Union School District for a discussion of library
service presently available and plans for extended service in the future.
Mrs. Short spoke to a group of forty-fi.ve El Monte
clubwomen on Choosing The Right Books For Children.
Mrs. Pierson gave a library and book talk to
members of the Catherine Edwards Junior High PTA November 19.
Mrs. Sarah L. Moody, Children's Librarian, Compton
branch, gave a motion picture show for her First to Seventh Grade patrons
November 23. She had an audience of seventy-five. The' event had been
publicised with posters, drawn by one of her Young Adult patrons, that
were placed in community store windows. Mrs: Moody is now planning a
Holiday Story party for December 12.
Alice Stjernquist, Children '·s Book Specialist in
the Book Selection Unit, held a story hour for juvenile patrons of the
Friendly Hills branch. The branch will shortly receive a siz~ble addition
to its juvenile volumes, gifts made possible by a $100 check from the
American Association of University Women and another $100 check from the
East Whittier Junior Women's Club. Both organizations specified their
gifts were to go to Friendly Hills. Mrs. Amstell and Miss Stjernquist
made the title selections last weeko
Calvin J. Phillips, head of the Property & Transportation
·oivision, and Maur.ice L. Casey, driver
of the Malibu Mobilibrary, received their thirtyyear
service awards November 8 in County ceremonies at Descanso Gardens.
Their service pins were presented by Supervisor Kenneth Hahn.
ALICE STJERNQUIST Alice Stjernquist resigned this month, effective
TO LEAVE IN DECEMBER December 13. She will join the staff of the San
Bernardino County Free Library as bookmobile
librarian. She has been a me.mber of the staff since August, 1954. Best
wishes of the staff go with her in her new position.
Any branch wishing an added supply of the leaflet
titled What Kind of Books Does the County Library
Buy? may now place orders as a supply item.
The Library is desperately searching for a qualified Hospital Librarian.
Applicants must be graduates of accredited library schools, and have bad one
year hospital library experience.
UW:cw 12/4/57 -e-
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text:
Legal Rights in the War at Sea
By J. L. BRIERLY, English Authority
Delivered over the British Broadcasting System, October 24, 1939
Vital Speeches of the Day, Vol. VI., pp. 122-124.
THE economic warfare that each side is carrying on against the other on the sea in the present war has its legal basis in two rights that the laws of naval warfare give to belligerents—the right to confiscate enemy property on the sea, whatever its character, unless this enemy property is both non-contraband and being carried in neutral ships, and the right to confiscate even neutral property there, when it falls within the category of contraband of war. These are the operations which we commonly refer to as the blockade"; and that is a convenient term, provided we remember that there is no "blockade" in the sense in which lawyers use that word, namely, the blocking by the naval forces of the belligerent of ingress to or egress from the enemy's coast to the ships of all nations, and that in judging the actions of the belligerents we are not concerned with the technical rules of blockade but with a different branch of the laws of naval warfare.
I spoke of each side carrying on their economic warfare; for, of course, it is a complete delusion to suppose that in our blockade we are doing something to Germany which she is not trying to do to us. German propaganda wouldlike that to be believed, but it is not the case. Moreover, German submarines, as we now know, had taken up their stations before the war began, and they have been trying to blockade us from the first day of the war; so that when propaganda suggests that the German blockade is only a reprisal for ours, that again is not true.
The plain truth is, of course, simply this: that each of us is trying to disorganise the economic life of the other, and that that is a perfectly legitimate aim in war, provided you do it in the way that rules of law and rules of humanity prescribe. The difference is that whereas the Allies have both the will and the means to disorganise Germany's arrangements, the course of the war at sea already gives us good reason for hoping that though Germany has the will, she has not got the means of disorganising ours.
I want, then, to say something about these two belligerent rights on which our blockade of Germany, and hers of us, rest; and to illustrate what can and what cannot legally be done under each of them, I shall use some of the incidents in the war at sea which have already been reported in the press. First, about the right to capture enemy merchant
ships on the sea: this right mainly concerns Germany's blockade of us; because, except in the Baltic, German shipping has quickly disappeared from the seas. But you probably saw that a French submarine the other day brought a belated German merchantman for 1,000 miles across the Atlantic into a French port, where it will doubtless be brought before a French Prize Court and condemned as a prize in due course. That is the proper lawful procedure which a capturing ship ought to follow if it is at all possible.
But there are circumstances in which it is lawful to destroy an enemy merchantman at sea, instead of bringing her into port. There are different views as to what circumstances do justify destruction at sea, but about one point there is absolutely no difference of opinion; and that is that the destroying warship must first provide for the safety of those on board the merchantman. As recently as 1936, Germany— and note that it was Hitler's Germany—signed a treaty in which these words occur: "Except in case of persistent refusal to stop on being duly summoned, or of active resistance to visit and search, a warship, whether surface vessel or submarine, may not sink a merchant vessel without having first placed passengers, crew and ship's papers in a place of safety." And the treaty went on to say that the ship's boats were not to be regarded as a place of safety unless the safety of passengers and crew was assured by the sea and weather conditions, or the proximity of land, or the presence of another vessel able to take them on board.
We do well to remember this treaty when we read of the Athenia, sunk by a German submarine on the first day of the war with the loss of 112 non-combatant lives. And we do well to remember it, too, and how it has proved not to be worth the paper it was written on, when we find in Hitler's "peace offensive" speech of October 6 a proposal that a conference should be held to define the use of submarines "in such a manner that the war will be deprived of its terrible character of a fight against women and children." No conference, and no new treaty, is necessary if that is his purpose.
You may have noticed that this treaty of 1936, which I have just quoted, implies that if a merchant ship persistently refuses to stop or actively offers resistance to the warship that orders her to do so, she may be sunk, and that in such a case the duty to ensure the safety of those on board does not apply. That is so, although it is qualified by the rule that only such force may be used as is essential in order to overcome resistance, and that neither refusal nor resistance justifies sinking without regard to the safety of the crew if the ship has surrendered before being sunk.
Now that brings me to another matter on which there has been discussion in the last few weeks. Suppose an enemy merchantman prefers to resist at the risk of being sunk, knowing perhaps—as our ships came to know during the last war—that whether she resists or not, the German submarine, if it can, will sink her without regard to the lives of those on board. Take the case of the Athenia, for instance. Suppose she had sighted the submarine and guessed its intentions in time to offer resistance. What are the legal rights and wrongs of such a case? You have seen, I expect, that the British Admiralty is putting guns on to our merchantmen so that they may defend themselves against submarines, and perhaps you saw that the German wireless in English, of October 2, said that this was "a direct violation of international law."
Well, I suppose there are few people in this or any other Country who look on Nazi Germany as a trustworthy authority on international law. But what does the law really say about this matter? It says that if an enemy merchantman tries to escape or resists capture, the warship may sink her, and those on board must take their chance. But if she chooses to resist she is entitled to do so. The position wasput in a nutshell by the United States in a Memorandum written while they were still neutral in the last war, which said this: "The right to capture and the right to prevent capture are recognised as equally justifiable." In fact, one of the oldest and best established of the rules of naval warfare is that a merchantman may carry arms for the purpose of defending herself. She may not use them offensively, but she may defend herself. All this was recognised by the German Admiralty itself right down to the eve of the last war, for as late as June, 1914, they issued this perfectly proper order to the German Navy: that if an armed enemy merchantman attacked one of their ships she was a pirate; but if she merely resisted capture, she was to be overcome, but her crew were to be prisoners of war—that is to say, honourable enemies who had not violated the laws of war. It is true that Germany changed her mind in this matter during the war; but rules of law are not changed in this way to suit the convenience of a belligerent, and this rule—that a merchantman may defend herself, at her own risk, and that for that purpose she may carry arms—still stands.
Now let me say something about the second of the rights that is being used in the economic war on the sea—the one that chiefly affects neutrals—the right to intercept contraband goods. The essence of it can be put very simply. A belligerent has a right to confiscate goods which are en route to his enemy by sea, whether they are going to him directly through one of his own ports, or indirectly through a neutral port, if the goods are of a kind that would increase the enemy's military strength, helping him to avert defeat or to prolong the war.
Let us look, then, at the position of a neutral ship which is transporting contraband goods, because in some respect it differs from that of an enemy ship which we have been considering. If a neutral ship is ordered to stop, to submit to visit-and-search by a belligerent warship, it is her duty to do so; she is not entitled to resist as the enemy ship is. Another difference is that there is a special reason why a neutral ship should be brought into port and not destroyed at sea, if that is at all possible. If a belligerent destroys an enemy ship, he destroys what is in effect his own property, because if the ship were brought before a Prize Court its enemy character alone would be enough to condemn it. But mere capture does not turn a neutral ship into the belligerent's property. Whether, after it has been captured, it will or will not become his property depends on many circumstances. Even if there is no doubt that it is carrying contraband, it is not certain that the ship ought to be condemned; and until all the circumstances have been investigated, the rights of the case cannot be known. Hence if a neutral ship is destroyed at sea, it follows that the captor has destroyed something which is not, and very likely never would be, his own property; he has probably destroyed, too, the evidence by which the neutral owner would have been able to prove the innocence of his ship before the Prize Court.
There are, therefore, strong reasons against allowing neutral ships to be destroyed at sea, and British practice has traditionally held that they ought never to be destroyed— we say that if they can't be brought into port, they can always be released. Probably the only case where the destruction of neutral ships is at all admissible is where either the ship in question is performing an un-neutral service, or in a case of 'gravest military emergency' where not to sink the neutral ship would be to bring the capturing warship itself into imminent danger. Many States do however, regard destruction at sea as allowable in certain cases, but even they say it should be the exception and not the rule. Nevertheless, it became the rule of German practice in the last war. She sank then more than 1,700 neutral merchantships, in most cases without even searching them to see if they were actually carrying contraband, and over 2,000 lives were lost on them. I need hardly say—it is an a fortiori case—that never in any circumstances can the destruction of a neutral prize without provision made for the safety of those on board be justified.
In the last few weeks we have seen this practice of sinking neutral ships revived by Germany, and in many cases lives have been lost—eleven lives, for instance, in the Danish ship Vendia. No doubt, now that the convoy system has been established for the defence of allied ships, an undefended neutral ship is easier game.
One other point: is there any force in the German argument that her conduct is justified because we are trying to prevent food from going to the German people? The treatment of food as contraband is a thing that easily appeals to the emotions of humane people, but most of the things that war makes it legitimate to do to one's enemy would be ruled out if we took emotion for our guide. It is only right that we should judge in this matter with a full and clear realisation of what war is. Food in past wars has generally been treated as conditional contraband. That means that it has been condemned if it could be shown, not merely that it was going to the enemy country, but also that if it arrived there it was destined for the use of the enemy government or its armed forces. Now, in earlier wars it has often been possible to make this distinction, and so to let food go tothe enemy with a fair assurance that it would not be a source of added military strength to him. But, as one of the fore-most living American writers on international law has written: 'As war is now conducted, it is a probability rather than a possibility that foodstuffs imported into belligerent territory will serve a military end'. When practically the whole population is either with the colours or engaged in some form of war work, and when governments have the power to requisition any commodity that they need and have instituted elaborate systems of control, it is practically impossible to have any assurance at all that food which is allowed to pass will be consumed by non-combatants, and if it were, it would mean that other food would be released for military consumption.
And this American writer's conclusion is that a belligerent has a right to intercept whatever offers military aid to his adversary, and therefore that the right to treat foodstuffs as contraband must be recognised. Foodstuffs as contraband are, in fact, just one facet of that totalitarian war towards which German military doctrine and German practice have always pointed the way. Nevertheless, Great Britain maintains the classification of food as being only conditional contraband; and it can be taken as certain that a cargo of food will be condemned as contraband by the British Prize Court only if that Court is satisfied that the presumption is that the cargo of food in question will be put to warlike use.


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Super foods, you know the deal...trendy foods with hard to pronounce names that are cultivated in far flung places of the world and end up at your local health food store. Super foods are much more than just trendy and exotic. Super foods provide a nutritional value far beyond than what you can get from your daily average foods. These foods are jam packed with antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids... all of which help bring the body to a state of balance.
For the next 5 weeks I will feature a super food to inspire your healthy cravings for the week! The super foods to be featured are all favorites of mine and are also extremely easy to add to your daily diet.
ACAI (pronounced ah-sai-e)
ACAI (pronounced ah-sai-e)
Is a popular superfood that you most likely have heard of or maybe have even tried while on vacation... I am going to give you the low down about all the crazy benefits that come with consuming this delicious berry.
Acai berries come from the acai palm, native to Brazil. Unless you live in South America, you are are consuming acai that has been frozen or freeze dried in order to main potency.
Acai berries are packed full of antioxidants, vitamins, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. Acai helps contribute to a healthy body with benefits like -- anti-aging effects for healthy skin, improves mental function, boots energy and helps with digestion. Your skin will glow if you regularly consume acai berries. They also prevent blood clots and improve your overall blood circulation, making your heart happy!
Eating or drinking acai berries can help slow the process of aging. Acai berries can lead to increased overall levels of energy, helping you to battle evil fatigue and exhaustion.
Acai bowls and smoothies are always a great way to start your morning and boost your energy all day long!
My favorite acai bowl is topped with bananas, strawberries, granola, goji berries and hemp seeds. Lucky for me, I consumed a lot of acai bowls during my Hawaii hiatus, as this berry is very popular in the Aloha state. My favorite acai brand is Sambazon, they have easy to use smoothie packs found in most health food stores. A single packet is the perfect serving size to make a yummy smoothie or an acai bowl of your choice.


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