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In physics, spacetime (or space–time; or space/time) is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single continuum. Spacetime is usually interpreted with space being three-dimensional and time playing the role of a fourth dimension that is of a different sort from the spatial dimensions. According to certain Euclidean space perceptions, the universe has three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. By combining space and time into a single manifold, physicists have significantly simplified a large number of physical theories, as well as described in a more uniform way the workings of the universe at both the supergalactic and subatomic levels.
In classical mechanics, the use of Euclidean space instead of spacetime is appropriate, as time is treated as universal and constant, being independent of the state of motion of an observer. In relativistic contexts, however, time cannot be separated from the three dimensions of space, because the rate at which time passes depends on an object's velocity relative to the speed of light and also on the strength of intense gravitational fields, which can slow the passage of time.
The concept of spacetime combines space and time to a single abstract "space", for which a unified coordinate system is chosen. Typically three spatial dimensions (length, width, height), and one temporal dimension (time) are required. Dimensions are independent components of a coordinate grid needed to locate a point in a certain defined "space". For example, on the globe the latitude and longitude are two independent coordinates which together uniquely determine a location. In spacetime, a coordinate grid that spans the 3+1 dimensions locates events (rather than just points in space), i.e. time is added as another dimension to the coordinate grid. This way the coordinates specify where and when events occur. However, the unified nature of spacetime and the freedom of coordinate choice it allows, imply that to express the temporal coordinate in one coordinate system requires both temporal and spatial coordinates in another coordinate system. Unlike in normal spatial coordinates, there are still some restrictions for how measurements can be made spatially and temporally (see Spacetime intervals). These restrictions correspond roughly to a particular mathematical model which differs from Euclidean space in its manifest symmetry.
Up until the beginning of the 20th century, based on experiments and experience at low speeds compared to the speed of light, time was believed to be independent of motion, progressing at a fixed rate in all reference frames; however, later high-speed experiments revealed that time slowed down at higher speeds (with such slowing called "time dilation" explained in the theory of "special relativity" ). Many experiments have confirmed time dilation, such as atomic clocks onboard a Space Shuttle running slower than synchronized Earth-bound inertial clocks and the relativistic decay of muons from cosmic ray showers. The duration of time can therefore vary for various events and various reference frames. When dimensions are understood as mere components of the grid system, rather than physical attributes of space, it is easier to understand the alternate dimensional views as being simply the result of coordinate transformations.
The term spacetime has taken on a generalized meaning beyond treating spacetime events with the normal 3+1 dimensions. It is really the combination of space and time. Other proposed spacetime theories include additional dimensions—normally spatial but there exist some speculative theories that include additional temporal dimensions and even some that include dimensions that are neither temporal nor spatial. How many dimensions are needed to describe the universe is still an open question. Speculative theories such as string theory predict 10 or 26 dimensions (with M-theory predicting 11 dimensions: 10 spatial and 1 temporal), but the existence of more than four dimensions would only appear to make a difference at the subatomic level.
Philo noted that time is a result of space (universe/world) and that God created space which resulted in time also being created either simultaneously with space or immediately thereafter.[1]
Incas regarded space and time as a single concept, named pacha (Quechua: pacha, Aymara: pacha)[2][3][4]. The peoples of the Andes have kept this understanding until now[5].
The idea of a unified spacetime is stated by Edgar Allan Poe in his essay on cosmology titled Eureka (1848) that "Space and duration are one." In 1895, in his novel The Time Machine, H.G. Wells wrote, "There is no difference between time and any of the three dimensions of space except that our consciousness moves along it."
The first reference to spacetime as a mathematical concept was in 1754 by Jean le Rond d'Alembert in the article Dimension in Encyclopedie. Another early venture was by Joseph Louis Lagrange in his Theory of Analytic Functions(1797, 1813). He said, "One may view mechanics as a geometry of four dimensions, and mechanical analysis as an extension of geometric analysis".[6]
After discovering quaternions, William Rowan Hamilton commented, "Time is said to have only one dimension, and space to have three dimensions. ... The mathematical quaternion partakes of both these elements; in technical language it may be said to be 'time plus space', or 'space plus time': and in this sense it has, or at least involves a reference to, four dimensions. And how the One of Time, of Space the Three, Might in the Chain of Symbols girdled be." Hamilton's biquaternions, which have algebraic properties sufficient to model spacetime and its symmetry, were in play for more than a half-century before formal relativity. For instance, William Kingdon Clifford noted their relevance.
Another important antecedent to spacetime was the work of Clerk Maxwell as he used partial differential equations to develop electrodynamics with the four parameters. Lorentz discovered some invariances of Maxwell's equations late in the 19th century which were to become the basis of Einstein's theory of special relativity. Fiction authors were also on the game as mentioned above. It has always been the case that time and space are measured using real numbers, and the suggestion that the dimensions of space and time are comparable could have been raised by the first people to have formalized physics, but ultimately, the contradictions between Maxwell's laws and Galilean relativity had to come to a head with the realization of the import of finitude of the speed of light.
While spacetime can be viewed as a consequence of Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity, it was first explicitly proposed mathematically by one of his teachers, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, in a 1908 essay[7] building on and extending Einstein's work. His concept of Minkowski space is the earliest treatment of space and time as two aspects of a unified whole, the essence of special relativity. The idea of Minkowski space also led to special relativity being viewed in a more geometrical way, this geometric viewpoint of spacetime being important in general relativity too. (For an English translation of Minkowski's article, see Lorentz et al. 1952.) The 1926 thirteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica included an article by Einstein titled "Space–Time".[8]
Spacetimes are the arenas in which all physical events take place—an event is a point in spacetime specified by its time and place. For example, the motion of planets around the sun may be described in a particular type of spacetime, or the motion of light around a rotating star may be described in another type of spacetime. The basic elements of spacetime are events. In any given spacetime, an event is a unique position at a unique time. Examples of events include the explosion of a star or the single beat of a drum.
A spacetime is independent of any observer.[9] However, in describing physical phenomena (which occur at certain moments of time in a given region of space), each observer chooses a convenient coordinate system. Events are specified by four real numbers in any coordinate system. The worldline of a particle or light beam is the path that this particle or beam takes in the spacetime and represents the history of the particle or beam. The worldline of the orbit of the Earth is depicted in two spatial dimensions x and y (the plane of the Earth's orbit) and a time dimension orthogonal to x and y. The orbit of the Earth is an ellipse in space alone, but its worldline is a helix in spacetime.
The unification of space and time is exemplified by the common practice of expressing distance in units of time, by dividing the distance measurement by the speed of light.
In a Euclidean space, the separation between two points is measured by the distance between the two points. A distance is purely spatial, and is always positive. In spacetime, the separation between two events is measured by the interval between the two events, which takes into account not only the spatial separation between the events, but also their temporal separation. The interval between two events is defined as:
where c is the speed of light, and Δt and Δr denote differences of the time and space coordinates, respectively, between the events.
(Note that the choice of signs for s2 above follows the space-like convention (-+++). Other treatments reverse the sign of s2.)
Spacetime intervals may be classified into three distinct types based on whether the temporal separation (c2Δt2) or the spatial separation (Δr2) of the two events is greater.
Certain types of worldlines (called geodesics of the spacetime) are the shortest paths between any two events, with distance being defined in terms of spacetime intervals. The concept of geodesics becomes critical in general relativity, since geodesic motion may be thought of as "pure motion" (inertial motion) in spacetime, that is, free from any external influences.
For two events separated by a time-like interval, enough time passes between them for there to be a cause-effect relationship between the two events. For a particle traveling at less than the speed of light, any two events which occur to or by the particle must be separated by a time-like interval. Event pairs with time-like separation define a negative squared spacetime interval (s2 < 0) and may be said to occur in each other's future or past. There exists a reference frame such that the two events are observed to occur in the same spatial location, but there is no reference frame in which the two events can occur at the same time.
The measure of a time-like spacetime interval is described by the proper time:
The proper time interval would be measured by an observer with a clock traveling between the two events in an inertial reference frame, when the observer's path intersects each event as that event occurs. (The proper time defines a real number, since the interior of the square root is positive.)
In a light-like interval, the spatial distance between two events is exactly balanced by the time between the two events. The events define a squared spacetime interval of zero (s2 = 0).
Events which occur to or by a photon along its path (i.e., while travelling at c, the speed of light) all have light-like separation. Given one event, all those events which follow at light-like intervals define the propagation of a light cone, and all the events which preceded from a light-like interval define a second light cone.
When a space-like interval separates two events, not enough time passes between their occurrences for there to exist a causal relationship crossing the spatial distance between the two events at the speed of light or slower. Generally, the events are considered not to occur in each other's future or past. There exists a reference frame such that the two events are observed to occur at the same time, but there is no reference frame in which the two events can occur in the same spatial location.
For these space-like event pairs with a positive squared spacetime interval (s2 > 0), the measurement of space-like separation is the proper distance:
Like the proper time of time-like intervals, the proper distance (Δσ) of space-like spacetime intervals is a real number value.
For physical reasons, a spacetime continuum is mathematically defined as a four-dimensional, smooth, connected Lorentzian manifold (M,g). This means the smooth Lorentz metric g has signature (3,1). The metric determines the geometry of spacetime, as well as determining the geodesics of particles and light beams. About each point (event) on this manifold, coordinate charts are used to represent observers in reference frames. Usually, Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z,t) are used. Moreover, for simplicity's sake, the speed of light c is usually assumed to be unity.
A reference frame (observer) can be identified with one of these coordinate charts; any such observer can describe any event p. Another reference frame may be identified by a second coordinate chart about p. Two observers (one in each reference frame) may describe the same event p but obtain different descriptions.
Usually, many overlapping coordinate charts are needed to cover a manifold. Given two coordinate charts, one containing p (representing an observer) and another containing q (representing another observer), the intersection of the charts represents the region of spacetime in which both observers can measure physical quantities and hence compare results. The relation between the two sets of measurements is given by a non-singular coordinate transformation on this intersection. The idea of coordinate charts as local observers who can perform measurements in their vicinity also makes good physical sense, as this is how one actually collects physical data—locally.
For example, two observers, one of whom is on Earth, but the other one who is on a fast rocket to Jupiter, may observe a comet crashing into Jupiter (this is the event p). In general, they will disagree about the exact location and timing of this impact, i.e., they will have different 4-tuples (x,y,z,t) (as they are using different coordinate systems). Although their kinematic descriptions will differ, dynamical (physical) laws, such as momentum conservation and the first law of thermodynamics, will still hold. In fact, relativity theory requires more than this in the sense that it stipulates these (and all other physical) laws must take the same form in all coordinate systems. This introduces tensors into relativity, by which all physical quantities are represented.
Geodesics are said to be time-like, null, or space-like if the tangent vector to one point of the geodesic is of this nature. The paths of particles and light beams in spacetime are represented by time-like and null (light-like) geodesics (respectively).
The assumptions contained in the definition of a spacetime are usually justified by the following considerations.
The connectedness assumption serves two main purposes. First, different observers making measurements (represented by coordinate charts) should be able to compare their observations on the non-empty intersection of the charts. If the connectedness assumption were dropped, this would not be possible. Second, for a manifold, the properties of connectedness and path-connectedness are equivalent and, one requires the existence of paths (in particular, geodesics) in the spacetime to represent the motion of particles and radiation.
Every spacetime is paracompact. This property, allied with the smoothness of the spacetime, gives rise to a smooth linear connection, an important structure in general relativity. Some important theorems on constructing spacetimes from compact and non-compact manifolds include the following:[citation needed]
Often in relativity, spacetimes that have some form of symmetry are studied. As well as helping to classify spacetimes, these symmetries usually serve as a simplifying assumption in specialized work. Some of the most popular ones include:
The causal structure of a spacetime describes causal relationships between pairs of points in the spacetime based on the existence of certain types of curves joining the points.
The geometry of spacetime in special relativity is described by the Minkowski metric on R4. This spacetime is called Minkowski space. The Minkowski metric is usually denoted by η and can be written as a four-by-four matrix:
where the Landau–Lifshitz space-like convention is being used. A basic assumption of relativity is that coordinate transformations must leave spacetime intervals invariant. Intervals are invariant under Lorentz transformations. This invariance property leads to the use of four-vectors (and other tensors) in describing physics.
Strictly speaking, one can also consider events in Newtonian physics as a single spacetime. This is Galilean-Newtonian relativity, and the coordinate systems are related by Galilean transformations. However, since these preserve spatial and temporal distances independently, such a spacetime can be decomposed into spatial coordinates plus temporal coordinates, which is not possible in the general case.
In general relativity, it is assumed that spacetime is curved by the presence of matter (energy), this curvature being represented by the Riemann tensor. In special relativity, the Riemann tensor is identically zero, and so this concept of "non-curvedness" is sometimes expressed by the statement Minkowski spacetime is flat.
Many spacetime continua have physical interpretations which most physicists would consider bizarre or unsettling. For example, a compact spacetime has closed, time-like curves, which violate our usual ideas of causality (that is, future events could affect past ones). For this reason, mathematical physicists usually consider only restricted subsets of all the possible spacetimes. One way to do this is to study "realistic" solutions of the equations of general relativity. Another way is to add some additional "physically reasonable" but still fairly general geometric restrictions and try to prove interesting things about the resulting spacetimes. The latter approach has led to some important results, most notably the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems.
In general relativity, spacetime is assumed to be smooth and continuous—and not just in the mathematical sense. In the theory of quantum mechanics, there is an inherent discreteness present in physics. In attempting to reconcile these two theories, it is sometimes postulated that spacetime should be quantized at the very smallest scales. Current theory is focused on the nature of spacetime at the Planck scale. Causal sets, loop quantum gravity, string theory, and black hole thermodynamics all predict a quantized spacetime with agreement on the order of magnitude. Loop quantum gravity makes precise predictions about the geometry of spacetime at the Planck scale.
There are two kinds of dimensions, spatial (bidirectional) and temporal (unidirectional). Let the number of spatial dimensions be N and the number of temporal dimensions be T. That N = 3 and T = 1, setting aside the compactified dimensions invoked by string theory and undetectable to date, can be explained by appealing to the physical consequences of letting N differ from 3 and T differ from 1. The argument is often of an anthropic character.
Immanuel Kant argued that 3-dimensional space was a consequence of the inverse square law of universal gravitation. While Kant's argument is historically important, John D. Barrow says that it "...gets the punch-line back to front: it is the three-dimensionality of space that explains why we see inverse-square force laws in Nature, not vice-versa." (Barrow 2002: 204). This is because the law of gravitation (or any other inverse-square law) follows from the concept of flux and the proportional relationship of flux density and the strength of field. If N = 3, then 3-dimensional solid objects have surface areas proportional to the square of their size in any selected spatial dimension. In particular, a sphere of radius r has area of 4πr². More generally, in a space of N dimensions, the strength of the gravitational attraction between two bodies separated by a distance of r would be inversely proportional to rN−1.
In 1920, Paul Ehrenfest showed that if we fix T = 1 and let N > 3, the orbit of a planet about its sun cannot remain stable. The same is true of a star's orbit around the center of its galaxy.[10] Ehrenfest also showed that if N is even, then the different parts of a wave impulse will travel at different speeds. If N > 3 and odd, then wave impulses become distorted. Only when N = 3 or 1 are both problems avoided. In 1922, Hermann Weyl showed that Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism works only when N = 3 and T = 1, writing that this fact "...not only leads to a deeper understanding of Maxwell's theory, but also of the fact that the world is four dimensional, which has hitherto always been accepted as merely 'accidental,' become intelligible through it."[11] Finally, Tangherlini[12] showed in 1963 that when N > 3, electron orbitals around nuclei cannot be stable; electrons would either fall into the nucleus or disperse.
Max Tegmark[13] expands on the preceding argument in the following anthropic manner. If T differs from 1, the behavior of physical systems could not be predicted reliably from knowledge of the relevant partial differential equations. In such a universe, intelligent life capable of manipulating technology could not emerge. Moreover, if T > 1, Tegmark maintains that protons and electrons would be unstable and could decay into particles having greater mass than themselves. (This is not a problem if the particles have a sufficiently low temperature.) If N > 3, Ehrenfest's argument above holds; atoms as we know them (and probably more complex structures as well) could not exist. If N < 3, gravitation of any kind becomes problematic, and the universe is probably too simple to contain observers. For example, when N < 3, nerves cannot cross without intersecting.
In general, it is not clear how physical law could function if T differed from 1. If T > 1, subatomic particles which decay after a fixed period would not behave predictably, because time-like geodesics would not be necessarily maximal.[14] N = 1 and T = 3 has the peculiar property that the speed of light in a vacuum is a lower bound on the velocity of matter; all matter consists of tachyons.
Hence anthropic and other arguments rule out all cases except N = 3 and T = 1—which happens to describe the world about us. Curiously, the cases N = 3 or 4 have the richest and most difficult geometry and topology. There are, for example, geometric statements whose truth or falsity is known for all N except one or both of 3 and 4.[citation needed] N = 3 was the last case of the Poincaré conjecture to be proved.
For an elementary treatment of the privileged status of N = 3 and T = 1, see chpt. 10 (esp. Fig. 10.12) of Barrow;[15] for deeper treatments, see §4.8 of Barrow and Tipler (1986) and Tegmark.[13] Barrow has repeatedly cited the work of Whitrow.[16]
String theory hypothesizes that matter and energy are composed of tiny vibrating strings of various types, most of which are embedded in dimensions that exist only on a scale no larger than the Planck length. Hence N = 3 and T = 1 do not characterize string theory, which embeds vibrating strings in coordinate grids having 10, or even 26, dimensions.
|It has been suggested that the text on Space-time continuum be merged into (added to) this article or section. (Discuss)
Spacetime is a model in physics that joins the three dimensional space and one dimensional time into the idea of space-time continuum. Combining these two ideas helped physicists to make many laws of physics easier to understand, and to explain how the universe works on the big level (e.g., stars) and small level (e.g., atoms).
The actual number of dimensions in spacetime is not fixed, but usually spacetime means a four dimensional (three dimensions of space and one dimension of time) spacetime. Some other theories claim that there are more than four dimensions.
Many people link spacetime with Albert Einstein who found special relativity. However, it was Einstein's teacher, Hermann Minkowski, who suggested this idea. He hoped this new idea would clarify the theory of special relativity.
In general relativity, spacetime is curved by the existence of matter, energy, and momentum, as said by the Einstein field equations.
Many continuous space-time leads to strange physical understanding. For this reason, many mathematical physicists (physicists who use math to physical questions) study only seemingly real set of spacetime.
In general relativity, spacetime is thought as smooth and continuous. However in the theory of quantum mechanics, spacetime is not always continuous.


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About 5 years ago, The Boy had a friend that worked in a pet shop. I would go there to buy seed for the Conure, and always looked around at the other stuff they had for sale- rabbits (allergic), birds, rodents, snakes, lizards, and puppies. I do not agree with pet shops selling dogs. They tend to come from very bad puppy mills. Well, this shop had an adorable Springer Spaniel. He was already 9 months old. I would ask the friend of The Boy if I could go in the dog area and let him out of his cage so he could have some loving. The poor baby was so starved for attention, he would climb up one side of me and down the other, wagging his whole body and falling over from excitement. I would ask about him all the time, and found myself going to see him almost every day. While visiting one day, another employee told me he had never been outside. Seriously? He was 9 months old! He had never walked on grass! I went home to get my checkbook, and told The Husband I was freeing him from the pet shop. He said no way, no more dogs. We already had 2 Chesapeake Bay Retrievers at home, and the older one was suffering from intestinal cancer. Through our job, we had Nextel phones with the push to talk feature. As I was walking out of the dog room, The Husband's voice was coming over the 2-way. He kept saying "step away from the dog". lol
Well, I brought The Springer home. He was totally freaked out by the grass, and almost fell over looking up at the sky when a plane flew overhead. It took about 2 minutes for The Husband to fall in love, and the two of them were inseparable from that moment on. Fast forward 4 years, and The Husband gets very sick, very unexpectedly. The Springer cannot understand where his Daddy is. I come home every day from the hospital smelling to him like sickness and The Daddy. The dog stopped eating. He would sit in The Daddy's chair and whimper and moan. We had to feed him his food one piece at a time. It was very sad to see the dog suffer so badly. After The Husband died, The Springer stayed depressed for a long time. I was ready to take him to the vet for Valium, or an antidepressant. He slowly started coming around, and finally got back to being his normal (well, normal for him) self.
Now, fast forward to almost a year after The Husband passed away. I have been on a couple of dates, and have had people over for coffee afterward. The Springer likes these men, but they do not particularly like dogs. The Springer senses this, and goes upstairs and ignores them. I cannot tolerate people that do not love my animals. They are a big part of my life. If you like me, you must like my animals. So when I first bring home The BF, he is all over the animals like white on rice. He talks to them. He pets them. He plays with them. They are in heaven, and I am happy to see this. Every time I come home from The BF's house, The Springer is almost swooning when he sniffs me.
On Thursday night, The BF stays over because he is taking me for my procedure very early in the morning. When he pulls in the driveway and gets out of his car, The Springer pushes out the front door and jumps into his arms. There was a lot of mutual kissing between them. The new Chessie gets in on the act. Everyone is happy. After dinner, The Springer decides that he is going to show The BF that he is a real dog. He grabs a toy, and runs around with it. He tosses it in the air. He squeaks the squeaker. He plays keep away with the puppy. This is not my dog. He has never done this before. lol I can't remember when he was ever this happy. I am happy, too. We all go to bed, and The Springer lies at the foot of the bed, on The BF's feet, just like when he slept with The Daddy. The BF doesn't mind. The Springer is happy. I am happy. All I can think is, the BF better not break this dog's heart, or I will have to kill him. lol

subset: commoncrawl


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or 4 payments of with More info
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Ya know, those little sayings like "A penny saved is a penny earned"? Those truisms like grandpa used to spout out; little bits of truth and wisdom, hard learned over generations and distilled down into as few words as possible.
I have some of those that may not be so well known, but work nicely for my purposes. Here is one. If something all of a sudden begins to work poorly that has been working well for ages, ask yourself "What changed?".
Example - for the past two weeks I have been working my way through some knee pain in the right knee. That is the one I tore up in martial arts training so I am not surprised if it complains every so often. This was a bit different. It was hard to pin down the why and what of it. Did I push too hard on a ride? I do recall twice where I was working too big a gear for a quick rise in the trail and I had brief, burning pain under the kneecap...oops, time to shift down here. I thought maybe that was it but the pain that was lingering was not in that location. It seemed as much muscular as anything with an odd bit for referred pain to it. Since nothing came to mind as to a cause, and riding did not seem to hurt any more than not riding, I was trying to work my way through it with the uneasy feeling in the back of my mind, that, if I could not figure out a cause here, maybe I was just wearing out and this was the first signs of diminished abilities? That scared me a bit as I had not increased my miles or efforts lately.
I stayed off the SS but standing on the geared bike felt OK; so did sitting and spinning, but afterwards...pain and discomfort. Then, it hit me. I had forgotten the old adage, "What changed"?
New shoes. Yep. About the time this began I had done a 4 hour ride on some new shoes I am reviewing. Could it simply be a cleat/shoe alignment thing? How simple! Why did I not think of that right away? Last night I slipped into my old shoes and that was that. Immediate improvement even though I could not feel any significant change in foot position between the two. What a dope I am.
Truism #1 - If what's always worked before does not work any more, ask yourself what changed.
More truisms to come.
"Please don't let me die."
6 years ago


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The man killed in a crash on the Kaimai Range last week has now been named.
He was Ahmed Shariff, 37, of Cambridge.
Shariff was involved in a crash on State Highway 29 near McLaren Falls Rd about 4.30am on Friday. Shariff had been badly hurt and taken to Tauranga Hospital but did not survive his injuries.
The New Zealand Police Serious Crash Unit was investigating.
Police said in a statement their thoughts were with Shariff's family and friends at this time.


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Fic help-- please
I'm writing this fic where Daniel says please in several different languages. It would be languages that would come to his mind automatically, so maybe Russian, French, Spanish, Greek-- or something similar.
Also, if it makes a difference, it would be desperate, begging please instead of polite please.
Any help would be greatly appreciated! :)


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We are experiencing some problems with our current phone lines at the hotel. To all our guests looking to contact us please reach us directly on the phone 07825659634 or by e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com / firstname.lastname@example.com
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Best Western Plus Samlesbury Hotel


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nikki was sitting outside today, it was raining again in the kaibab forest. she was at the respotory for mail pick up plus she did not want to be down in sector 1 or 2 today she was tried of seeing the same landscape. nikki was not here to talk and was keeping that to a low for the next few months. it was her season again, and she had told chian this time around she would try sleeping with less people even if it made it hard for her to walk or think straight with her mind just swirling with the thoughts of what she could do woth almost any man pr woman she met. nikki hated the fact she was given this curse to her body havinbg no idea why she had it, or what made her this way. was it her cat part? was it a glitch in her collar? was it an accident add on, or was she blue printed off a hooker clone? no matter who she asked she got the same answer. she only knew this season last from spring till end of summer. atleast she got her mail while she thought of this, and the package was just what she wanted. a dimple set of blankets to leep her warm but mostly busy so she wont break ehat she told chain. after all nikki never like to lie to him nor did she like getting in trouble, but then again she was already in. trouble again woth him, but she rather not think aboit that and just find a place to stay the night and cook her some bear meat instead of eating crab and chicken like she had for basicly the last 5 months in sectpr 1. would be a nice change for once in her life. she found a place settle and crawled under her blankets and watched the other people walking around from the window. they may give her funny looks and say things about her, but atleast she was trying to keep herself cool till this seasons end. if she could last that long, or find a boy pr girlfriend. after nikki was never a picky person most of the time eating what she could or hanging around who ever did not look at her funny or say things like "fuck off you abonation". so that would close pit the day for this part of the week. maybe tomorrow will yeils something more to her. maybe some work maybe some expolring.
- nikki burngrave's blog
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((watch out for the panthers
((watch out for the panthers :)
Stick with me kid and you'll be farting through silk.
((hugs on da kitty
((hugs on da kitty


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Boating Tips – Steps To Follow Before Approaching A Boat Dealer
The choice to buy a boat is a major one as it is regarded as a luxury purchase. It's not a thing of finding the one that looks great, whip out your cash and then off you go boating. Though there are many reliable boat dealers out there, you should be aware that there are […]Read More


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And I saw, and beheld the first trailer for X-Men: Apocalypse. And hell followed with it.
About MR. Clark
Adopting the descriptor of "successfully unpublished author", MR. Clark began writing things on the internet in 2012, which he believed to be an entirely reputable and civilized place to find and deliver information. He regrets much.


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Some months ago, American Airlines announced that it would begin priority baggage delivery for its top-tier customers system wide. I was excited to hear that American was stepping up to the plate on this, even though I rarely check bags. That said, when I do, I hate waiting for them!
After several flights without checked bags, I finally had the opportunity to put American's new service to the test on my recent flights to and from Orlando. The results? Mixed. My bags were close to the last to be delivered when arriving in Orlando. But on the return to Washington, DC (DCA), they were among the first to hit the belt, right along with the other priority tagged bags. Score!
I'm going to give American the benefit of the doubt on my Orlando arrival. Why? We were swapped from the usual 757 on this flight to a 767-300 widebody. I don't think AA serves Orlando with widebodies anymore since the A300's retired last year. The ground handling needs between a widebody and a narrobody aircraft are not the same, and I think this may have impacted the delivery of baggage in some way. At least that's what I'm going to tell myself, as the results I've read on Flyertalk.com and Travelingbetter.com have mostly been pretty positive.
Kudos to AA for stepping up to the plate and working to deliver this service. I hope they continue to focus on executing early delivery of priority bags because little things like this can drive travel decisions for high volume fliers.


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Facebook is a useful business tool and a fun place to keep in touch with friends, but having a profile on Facebook also exposes you to a host of privacy risks. Sharing too much information on Facebook can (and has) led to thefts, tarnished reputations, dismissal, and other unpleasant situations. Take for example, the seventeen-year-old […]
Emily Murphy June 28, 2013
5 essential tools to protect your privacy on Facebook
Filed Under: Facebook Tagged: privacy, Social media, tutorials
Peter Fletcher July 17, 2009
Building your network safely
There are lots of reasons why property managers use Facebook. Of course, it's a fun way to stay in contact with friends and family. There are also compelling financial reasons. New business opportunities and attractive job offers can result from a well maintained social network. But these benefits amount to nothing if they create a […]
Filed Under: Facebook Tagged: privacy, property management, Social media, tutorials


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What's the bane of many kids' school lunch experience? Opening the lunch box to find a smooshed sandwich. Or bruised banana. Or crushed chips.
I'm not a lunch box perfectionist, but I do want my kids' lunches to be palatable. Perfectly-sized individual containers are too fussy and hard to maintain (some crucial piece always seems to be lost or in the dishwasher). And, as much as I covet them, I don't want to spring for (nor do I want to wash) one of those bento-style lunch kits.
My solution: stick a divided plastic food container into the lunchbox to create flexible compartments. No cover necessary. I happen to use Snapware, but I'm sure you've got your favorite brand. Doing so gives the lunchbox just enough structure to keep food protected and separate.
I wrap my son's sandwich in wax paper, and it fits nicely in the larger space pictured here. The smaller space gets whatever else goes into his lunch, including cutlery and a napkin. Nothing needs to fit perfectly because the container is just there to keep everything from moving around. Easy cleanup, too.
Do you have a hack for keeping food relatively uncrushed in your kid's lunchbox?
Related: How do I get my kid to eat more of her school lunch?


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partied out
Monday, September 25th, 2006 | birthday | No Comments
Finally the birthdays are over, at least for a month or so. It was a wonderful week of dining out, dashing from restaurant to restaurant, munching through delicious meal after delicious meal. We spent Tom's birthday on Friday at the Tin Drum, supping with Tom's dad and others before heading home to sip champagne and watch Spaced until our eyelids drooped.
Saturday was a busy day, catching up with parents and getting ready for the Woodland Disco, a fabulous fest of every imaginable animal, along with fairies galore. Everyone took part with relisPublishh, dancing and talking the night away, at least until costumes got to hot, face paint ran and face wash was used by plenty.
Sunday was spent, as you can imagine, recovering with a long lie-in and a Chinese take away. We curled up on the sofa together, bears and all, and relaxed in front of what can really no longer be called a television, instead the projector threw Midsomer Murders against the wall.
I'm thankful though that, as lovely as the partying was, it's now over for a couple of weeks. Worn out, it will be nice to eat at home, to spend time together and maybe even have a Sunday morning without a pounding headache. Oh joy of joys to not be rushed off feet and dashing from place to place. Instead I shall concentrate on sorting out my flat, with an exchange of contracts looking closer than it has before. Enjoy the peace, I say, before the moving starts again.
birthday bliss
Tuesday, September 19th, 2006 | birthday | 2 Comments
What a glorious way to spend my birthday! The morning was gentle, settling down in front of the laptop to check my emails, reading Ian Rankin and lounging in the bath.
I met Tom for lunch at Bill's, wolfed down delicious Buck Rarebit with ham and a fried egg, deliciously yolky, which oozed into the toast. Then it was a stroll around town to pick up two new dresses for our evenings out this week. I popped into River Island for a lovely wrap around, and Velvet for a longer dress with a beautiful print for Wednesday's trip to Blanch House.
The rest of the afternoon was spent spread out on top of my duvet, with Horace and the book that James bought me for my birthday: Mortal Engines, a fabulous story which I found unable to put down except for brief moments when making cups of Earl Grey.
Then, wearing the new dress, we drove off to Cooksbridge and The Rainbow Inn, to dine on delicious pork, chicken and lobster ravioli, steak and duck. It was wonderfully tasty, and so good to go back to the Rainbow again after too many years. We returned home for a glass of champagne before resting our weary heads and falling asleep before they hit the pillow. Bliss.
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Program Name: Camtix Web Video Publisher
Published By: Camtix
License Type: Shareware
Date Released: July 04, 2007
Camtix Web Video Publisher Desciption:
Camtix allows you to automatically put videos on any website or in emails. It converts videos to flash 8 video format (vp6 codec) and provides advanced options like an RSS creator, and a Video Gallery Creator. Use it for Myspace, Ebay and more
Camtix is a Web Video Publishing tool that allows you to put videos on any website or in emails. Camtix converts all imported videos to Flash 8 high quality video format so that anyone can watch them without having to download large viewer programs or worry about codecs. Converting the video to Flash 8 format also compresses the file size, so that even slower connection users can watch your videos quickly. Camtix is also capable of automatically posting your video to your Blog, ebay auction listing, or community based website like Friendster or Myspace. Camtix Web Video Publisher removes all complications that are associated with encoding, publishing, posting, or streaming videos. In addition to making it painless to add video to the Internet, Camtix also provides advanced settings and options for the expert Web video publisher, including creating RSS video feeds, a Video Blog (vlog), and a Video Gallery.
License: Shareware | Price: $39.99 | Size: 10.2 MB | Downloads (411)
Platform: Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003
Term: Flash Video Converter - Video Emails - Video Blog - Video Gallery - Add Video - Streaming Video - Video Host - Vlog - Myspace Video - Video Converter - Avs Video Converter
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Isherwood: A Life Revealed, written by Peter Parker (Random House: New York, 2004) features extensive details about Isherwood's conversion to Hinduism and his experience with Swami Prabhavananda and the Vendanta Society. Entire chapters cover this subject. See, for example, pages 377, 386, 411, 458, 459, 472, 591, 630, 706, 710, 711-714, 721. Pages 565-645 in this biography provide a wealth of information about Isherwood's relationship with Swami Prabhavananda, his spiritual leader, and the Vedanta Society of Southern California.
Christopher Isherwood was born in England into an Anglican family. His mother was a devout Anglican Christian (Parker, page 9).
Christopher Isherwood was christened as a baby on September 27 in the Anglican church in Disley (near High Lane) at St. Mary's Church. Most of his family had been christened at Marple Old Church or at St. George's in Stockport. Isherwood's family pew at Marple Old Church even had its own fireplace. (Source: Parker, page 18)
Isherwood completely rejected Christianity while he was a young man. He wrote letters at the time which were very mocking and derisive of Christianity generally and Jesus specifically (Parker, page 85).
Isherwood later became a devout convert to Hinduism, specifically to the Vedanta Society, where he became a devotee of Swami Prabhavananda and a follower of the 19th Century Hindu avatar Ramakrishna. Ramakrishna was responsible for the 19th Century revival of the Vedanta. Isherwood, already a highly acclaimed writer, was by far the Vedanta Society's most visible convert. Isherwood did extensive work creating new English translations of Hindu texts, including his popular Bhagavad Gita: The Song of God.


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Listapalooza: My top 5 books of 2006
1. "The Areas of My Expertise," by John Hodgeman (If you haven't read this yet, drop whatever the f your doing and go get it. Now. It's the funniest book you'll ever read.)
2. "Under the Banner of Heaven," by John Krakauer
3. "Guests of the Ayatollah," by Mark Bowden
4. "1491," by Charles C. Mann (and no, I'm not just saying this because he's my cousin)
5. "Sex, Drugs, and Cocoa Puffs," by Chuck Klosterman


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Spada Codatronca Pictures Specs Review
Posted by Anthony CarboneJuly 16, 2009 at 12:48 pm
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Here are the first live pictures, specs and a detailed review of the Corvette C6 Z06 based Spada Codatronca Prototype that delivers 505 hp via it's Corvette LS7. I am not going to sugar coat my initial thoughts; I think this pseudo-exotic is absolutely hideous! I really hope that when I get a chance to see this monster in person (designed by legendary Italian designer Ercole Spada, known for his work with Ferrari, Lamborghini, Zagato, and Aston Martin) that I will change my point of view.
The price tag is more expensive than a Corvette ZR1 or Corvette C6RS and despite it sporting a hidden high tech roll cage that uses a special coating to bond to the frame (like on a Ferrari) this beast weighs just under 3000 lbs (1350 kgs).
The interior is somewhat bearable, handcrafted in Turin using alcantara, leather, and aluminum as you can see in the photo above. The seats are apparently stylish and supportive despite their fixed back (I wonder how tall a human would fit in here?). Furthermore the aluminum accented dials and LCD gauges are matched in the styling and design of a wrist watch that comes with the car. The F1 inspired dash has 80 input logging channels with 40 GB to log the data which includes inputs for steering angle, G meter, speedo, gear selection.
Moton Suspension Technology helped develop and engineer the Spada Codatronca's unique suspension which features electronically controlled sway bars with a cockpit dial for: rain, soft, medium, or hard ride modes. Further adjustable sway bars, coil overs, and fully independent suspension yield what some call a telepathic road feel.
The rear end is a real piece of work (straight out of high school shop class imho) which integrates handmade aluminum exhaust tips and bi-xenon headlamps and LED F1 inspired brake lights. It's airplane like rear end helps it surpass the Z06 drag coefficient and ultimately its top speed. For the normally aspirated version the top speed is said to be 211 mph (340 km/h) and 220mph (355 km/h) when supercharged.
The Codatronca has 8 piston front and 4 piston Brembo calipers coupled with lightweight 15 inch front and 14 inch rear rotors. Lightweight 19 inch racing OZ allow wheels covered in Pirelli Pzero Corsa tires (285/35/19 front, 345/35/19 rear) keep this ugly duckling glued to the road.
Spada also plans to sell a TS version (Turismo Sportivo) with a naturally aspirated modified LS7 which will output 630hp and 670 lb-ft of torque.
Another engine package called the TSV (Turismo Super Veloce) will sport a twin screw C38 Rotrex supercharger with intercooler rumored to produce 750hp and 950 lb-ft of torque!
[Source: GMHighTechPerformance.com]
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"You don't take perfectly awesome Oreo cookies, scrape out the cream filling and refill them with toothpaste," pontificates a well-lit Sara O'Donnell. She's looking into the camera, warning against the stupidity of food-related April Fools' pranks. "Here's a better idea -- why not refill them with cement? 'Oh! I broke all the teeth in your mouth. April Fools'!' "
In another video clip, she rapidly peels, chops and parboils potatoes. "Today I'm channeling my inner Napoleon Dynamite," she says wryly. "It's a little more difficult to mash these potatoes, but no pain, no tots."
O'Donnell is a new kind of food star. A pretty, cheerful brunette with a refreshingly understated wit, she operates under the brand name "Average Betty." That's meant, obviously, to conjure a nonelitist vibe, as the 35-year-old instructs from her suburban-rustic Tarzana kitchen on such doable food projects as white bean crostini, red velvet cupcakes and potato gnocchi with brown-butter mushroom sauce.
But unlike Bourdain, Ramsey, Ray, Fieri and other nationally known food stars, O'Donnell is solely an Internet phenomenon, a self-created culinary personality finding an audience without the benefit of a book deal, magazines or a TV show.
And while she's not a trained chef, she's finding a revenue stream just the same. O'Donnell cut a deal with YouTube that allows her to share in the profits generated by her videos. She also has been named one of YouTube's "Next Chefs," a select group of 16 people worldwide who each received $10,000 of grant money, $5,000 of equipment and expert tutoring from the Google/YouTube crew.
Even those potatoes come with financial remuneration. O'Donnell pitched the Idaho Potato Commission on a partnership, and it agreed: The group now pays her to use (and talk up) its spuds. She has integrated the vegetable into such diverse dishes as Potato Cup Frittata, Spicy Thai Potato Salad and the intriguingly named Potato Volcano.
"A potato is completely natural," she says. "What is better than whole food for average people to be wrapping their head around?"
O'Donnell's two- to three-minute videos move along briskly, thanks to quick-cut, time-lapse edits. Her straightforward delivery is appealing, and while a good portion of the shots display crucial recipe steps -- the mashing of the potato, the breaking of the egg, the pressing of grooves into the gnocchi -- O'Donnell gives herself enough face time to make an audience connection, adding a touch of levity to what could be a purely educational format.
"I wanted to make the most different cooking show that I could imagine," she recalls. "When I launched, it was a combination of Saturday Night Live and Food Network, and I wanted to have that Stephen Colbert man-on-the-street angle."
While she used to do some episodes in a sketch-comedy format, going so far as to dress in silly costumes, O'Donnell has veered into a more serious foodie realm, occasionally having accomplished or celebrity chefs as guests.
Growing up in Tampa, Fla., O'Donnell was raised on basic, all-American meals. "I didn't have a taco until I was in, like, the fourth or fifth grade," she recalls. "I was, like, 'Wow, what's Mexican food?' -- which then became my favorite thing ever. My mom was by no means a gourmet, but she makes the best dinner rolls. And her pies were great."
After graduating from UCLA with a degree in art history, O'Donnell went to work for a nephrologist, using Flash animation to bring to life human bodies and their blood, urine and other fluids. Then came a position as art director in charge of illustration and animation on a video project teaching dialysis patients about nutrition. Skills learned on those jobs now are put to use in editing her own videos.
While Averagebetty.com has been O'Donnell's full-time job for almost four years, only in the last year has she been able to monetize her venture, with her website traffic accruing money through Federated Media, and her video views gaining profit-share in the YouTube "Partner" program.
She also vlogs for Disney/Babble Family Kitchen, develops recipes for Farmer John and has formed relationships with various food boards -- in addition to potato, she's also got support from turkey, honey and avocado.
"The deal is about the association of my personality and brand with their product and brand," O'Donnell says. "My goal is to be authentic with my message and true to my audience."
Sponsors like the Idaho Potato Commission get it, she says. They don't "want me to beat my audience over the head with any specific message."
Thanks to her Average Betty success -- she averages 75,000 to 100,000 monthly views on YouTube -- O'Donnell was invited to the Culinary Institute of America's West Coast location in Napa, where she made cupcakes with a dozen top executive chefs. She also attended the food and wine festival in Aspen, where she interviewed Giada DiLaurentiis and Thomas Keller.
She raves about the Google/YouTube crew's tutoring.
"Amazing guest speakers would come and talk to us. Like, one week the guy from Canon explained all the new video equipment. And they did an extensive background check on us just for us to get there. It really makes me feel like I've got a relationship with Google/YouTube now."
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O'Donnell's husband, Lee, a philosophy major-turned-computer programmer, was originally her cameraman. (She recently started using a professional videographer.)
But Lee still serves a second, even more important role: home recipe tester. The couple doesn't have kids, so he stands in for fussy eaters everywhere.
"Sometimes I tell him he's actually the Average Betty, because he's a pretty picky eater," O'Donnell says. "On occasion I'll drop an ingredient because he doesn't like it, like, 'Get rid of the raisin.' He kind of represents the average palate."
Follow @LAWeeklyArts on Twitter and like us on Facebook. You can also follow Adam Gropman on Twitter and like him on Facebook.


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Paper money of England and Wales
Edited by Catherine Eagleton and Artemis Manolopoulou
In the early 21st century, the authority to issue banknotes lies with central banks or governments, and banking is a global business whose success or failure has international consequences. However, the major banks in Britain have evolved from more humble origins of small businesses closely tied to their local roots, and issuing their own banknotes for local circulation. From scattered beginnings in the late 17th century, through expansion in the Industrial Revolution, then regulation and amalgamation in the later 19th and early 20th centuries, these banks reflected and influenced Britain's wider economic development from local loyalties to large-scale national and international interests.
In London and the country, banking developed piecemeal from financial services offered as part of different businesses. Early in the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) the word 'banker' was used to refer to an exchange broker. Over the next century, others whose work involved handling valuables or money – for example, merchants, lawyer's agents, or goldsmiths – began acting as financial middlemen. By the late 17th century, services available included loans, interest-bearing deposits, foreign coin exchange, and the forerunners of modern banknotes. These took the form of receipts given by financial agents for money or valuables placed with them for safekeeping. The receipts were, in effect, personal contracts, their value and validity dependent upon the trust between customer and agent. Where both were known, or at least reputed, to be financially sound, the receipts could be endorsed by being signed and dated and passed on to a third party, so beginning a very limited circulation of paper money. Today's mass circulation of modern currency may seem far removed from these personal arrangements, but the underlying principles are essentially unchanged. When the Bank of England was founded in 1694, it issued its first banknotes against the value of cash deposits: today the money we withdraw from banks is related to the amount held in our individual accounts, albeit with the leeway of overdraft or credit facilities. And, as was made very clear late in 2008 by the fallout from the credit crunch, banks still depend on reputation and public confidence.
The establishment of the Bank of England stands as a landmark in the history of British banking, but it was initially very much part of the London financial scene rather than the national bank we think of today. Outside London, country banks developed as an integral part of local economic growth and were often of more immediate local importance than the remote Bank of England. Landowners, manufacturers and traders began offering financial services as a by-product of their other interests, helping to meet local needs for payments and, through connections with private banks in London, providing a means of transferring funds across the country. Records suggest that country banking initially grew slowly and sporadically. The earliest known example is Thomas Smith, a cloth merchant in Nottingham, who was making loans to customers in the 1650s [2]; by 1727 Smith's banking activities had become a separate enterprise, distinct from the textile business. Only one other bank, in Exeter, is known before 1700 and the philosopher Edmund Burke, travelling in England in 1750, remarked on finding 'less than a dozen bankers' shops' [3]. His observation is highly anecdotal; nonetheless, it indicates that banking was still a fledgling profession outside the capital.


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Flaxseed oil
A source
of fiber for linen fabric since ancient times, the slender flax plant (Linumusitatissimum)
also boasts a long history as a healing herb. First cultivated in
The essential fatty acids in flaxseed oil are its key healing components. EFAs are particularly valuable because the body needs them to function properly, but can't manufacture them on its own. Essential fatty acids work throughout the body to protect cell membranes, keeping them efficient at admitting healthy substances while barring damaging ones.
One of the EFAs in flaxseed oil--alpha-linolenic acid--is known as an omega-3 fatty acid. Like the omega-3s found in fish, it appears to reduce the risk of heart disease and numerous other ailments. Flaxseed oil is an excellent source of omega-3s: Just 1 teaspoon contains about 2.5 grams, equivalent to more than twice the amount most Americans get through their diets. Flaxseeds also contain omega-6 fatty acids in the form of linoleic acid; omega-6s are the same healthy fats found in vegetable oils.
In addition, flaxseeds are a rich source of lignans, substances that appear to positively affect hormone-related problems. Lignans may also be useful in preventing certain cancers and combating specific bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including those that cause cold sores and shingles. When taken in ground form, flaxseeds provide an extra fiber boost, easing the passage of stools and benefiting the digestive tract in multiple ways.
Specifically, flaxseed oil (and flaxseeds) may help to:
cholesterol, protect against heart disease and control high blood pressure.
Several studies indicate that flaxseed oil, as well as ground flaxseeds,
can lower cholesterol, thereby significantly reducing the risk of heart
disease. Taking flaxseed oil may also protect against angina (chest pain)
and high blood pressure. In addition, a five-year study done recently at
·Counter inflammation associated with gout, lupus and fibrocystic breasts. Omega-3 fatty acids appear to limit the inflammatory reaction associated with these conditions. In cases of lupus, flaxseed oil not only reduces inflammation in the joints, skin and kidneys, but also lowers cholesterol levels that may be elevated by the disease. Taking flaxseed oil for gout may lessen the often sudden and severe joint pain or swelling that is a symptom of this condition. In addition, the ability of omega-3 fatty acids to boost the absorption of iodine--a mineral often found in low levels in women suffering from fibrocystic breasts--makes flaxseed oil potentially valuable for treating this often painful condition.
·Control constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disorders and gallstones. Because they are high in dietary fiber, ground flaxseeds can help ease the passage of stools and thus relieve constipation, hemorrhoids and diverticular disease. In those with diverticular disease, flaxseeds may also keep intestinal pouches free of waste and thus keep potential infection at bay. Taken for inflammatory bowel disease, flaxseed oil can help to calm inflammation and repair any intestinal tract damage. In addition, the oil may prevent painful gallstones from developing and even dissolve existing stones.
·Treat acne, eczema, psoriasis, sunburn and rosacea. The essential fatty acids in flaxseed oil are largely responsible for its skin-healing powers. Red, itchy patches of eczema, psoriasis and rosacea often respond to the EFA's anti-inflammatory actions and overall skin-soothing properties. Sunburned skin may heal faster when treated with the oil as well. In cases of acne, the EFAs encourage thinning of the oily sebum that clogs pores.
·Promote healthy hair and nails. The abundant omega-3 fatty acids in flaxseed oil have been shown to contribute to healthy hair growth (in fact, low levels of these acids may cause dry and lackluster locks). Hair problems exacerbated by psoriasis or eczema of the scalp may respond to the skin-revitalizing and anti-inflammatory actions of flaxseed oil as well. Similarly, the oil's EFAs work to nourish dry or brittle nails, stopping them from cracking or splitting.
·Minimize nerve damage that causes numbness and tingling as well as other disorders. The EFAs in flaxseed oil assist in the transmission of nerve impulses, making the oil potentially valuable in treating conditions of numbness and tingling. The oil's nerve-nourishing actions may also help in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, a degenerative disorder of the nervous system, and protect against the nerve damage associated with diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
cancer risk and guard against the effects of aging.
The lignans in flaxseed oil appear to play
a role in protecting against breast, colon, prostate, and perhaps skin
cancer. Although further studies are needed, research undertaken at the
·Treat menopausal symptoms, menstrual cramps, female infertility and endometriosis. Because the hormone-balancing lignans and plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) in flaxseed oil help stabilize a woman's estrogen-progesterone ratio, they can have beneficial effects on the menstrual cycle, and relieve the hot flashes of perimenopause and menopause. Flaxseed oil may also improve uterine function and thus treat fertility problems. In addition, the essential fatty acids in flaxseed oil have been shown to block production of prostaglandins, hormonelike substances that, when released in excess amounts during menstruation, can cause the heavy bleeding associated with endometriosis.
·Fight prostate problems, male infertility and impotence. The EFAs in flaxseed oil may help to prevent swelling and inflammation of the prostate, the small gland located below the bladder in males that tends to enlarge with age. Symptoms of such enlargement, such as urgency to urinate, may lessen as a result. The EFAs also play a role in keeping sperm healthy, which may be of value in treating male infertility, and they can improve blood flow to the penis, a boon for those suffering from impotence.
Special tips:
--Liquid flaxseed oil is the easiest form to use, although it must be kept refrigerated.
--Capsules containing flaxseed oil are convenient for traveling, but can be quite expensive in comparison to the liquid form. Also, a large number of capsules--approximately 14 containing 1,000 mg of oil each--are needed to get the equivalent of 1 tablespoon of oil.
--If using ground flaxseeds, just add 1 or 2 tablespoons of to an 8-ounce glass of water and mix.
·For heart disease prevention, gout, lupus, acne, eczema, cancer prevention, hair or nail problems, endometriosis, male infertility, prostate problems and impotence: Take l tablespoon of flaxseed oil in the morning.
·For high blood pressure: Take l tablespoon of flaxseed oil a day, along with 1,000 mg of fish oils three times a day.
·For hemorrhoids: Add l tablespoon of ground flaxseeds to an 8-ounce glass of water and drink the mixture once a day. Make sure to drink extra glasses of water throughout the day as well. The treatment make take a few days to have an effect.
·For gallstones: Take l tablespoon of flaxseed oil in the morning.
·For psoriasis: Take l tablespoon of flaxseed oil each morning, along with 1,000 mg fish oils three times a day.
·For sunburn, numbness and tingling: Take l tablespoon of flaxseed oil twice a day.
·Fordiverticular disorders: Add 2 tablespoons of ground flaxseed to an 8-ounce glass of water. Drink this mixture twice a day. Make sure to drink extra glasses of water throughout the day as well. The treatment make take a few days to have an effect.
·For menstrual disorders, menopausal symptoms, female infertility, and rosacea: Take 1 tablespoon of flaxseed oil a day, along with 1,000 mg of evening primrose oil or borage oil three times a day.
·For best absorption, take flaxseed oil with food. It is easily mixed into juices and other drinks, and its nutty, buttery flavor complements cottage cheese, yogurt and many other foods. You can also use it instead of olive oil in a salad dressing. Don't cook with it, however; this will deplete the oil's nutrient content.
·Buy flaxseed oil in an opaque plastic bottle; this will prevent light from spoiling it.
·Check the expiration date on the label, as the oil spoils quickly. Keep it refrigerated for freshness. Should the oil develop a powerful odor, discard it.
·Avoid buying flaxseed oil marked as "cold-pressed." This type of processing offers no additional benefits, and processed oils are usually more expensive.
There appear to be few if any drug or nutrient interactions with flaxseeds (or their oil). Because flaxseed may interfere with the absorption of certain medicines, however, it's a good idea to consult your doctor if you are already on medication and want to take it in any form.
·To prevent ground flaxseed from swelling up and obstructing your throat or digestive tract, drink plenty of water (one 8-ounce glass of water per tablespoon of ground flaxseed) along with it.
·Don't take flaxseed oil or ground flaxseed if you have a bowel obstruction of any kind.
·Allergic reactions to flaxseed have occurred. If you suddenly have difficulty breathing after taking the supplement, it is imperative that you get medical attention promptly.
·Flaxseed oil is also called linseed oil. The industrial types of linseed oil found in hardware stores are not for internal consumption, however. They may have poisonous additives.


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Ilyse Hogue
Playing Offense on Reproductive Rights
Tuesday, July 19, 2016
EVENT TYPE: Speaker Luncheon
President of NARAL Pro-Choice America since February 2013, Hogue has been leading the charge on reproductive rights for a new generation. In this role, she has built coalitions within the progressive movement with groups that have traditionally had little to do with reproductive rights. She has also brought an increased focus on ballot measures, partly in an attempt to force opponents to define what they are in favor of while giving Americans who support abortion rights a platform. She will share tips for changing the playing field in this historical election year.
Ilyse is an expert in both electoral and advocacy campaigns who has worked with a variety of nonprofit organizations, including Friends of Democracy, Media Matters for America and MoveOn.org. She has worked to organize constituencies in service of social-justice outcomes from environmental sustainability to human rights to media reform and representation. She writes regular commentary for CNN.com and The Nation, and has had dozens of opinion pieces published in local and national outlets including Politico. Ilyse was featured as one of Elle Magazine's "10 Most Powerful Women in D.C." and was named on Washington Life's Power 100 list.
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When you're looking for homes, surely you are going to be looking at the features, design style, and amenities that the home features.
Have you ever wondered why certain homes sell for a higher price than others? Certainly, timing plays a role in the matter, but there are certain features of your home that you could include in your listing to ensure that your home sells faster and for more money.
Home listings that have features like "subway tiles" and/or "barn doors" in their descriptions can sell for as much as 13% higher than asking price and two months sooner than homes without those coveted features.
When you are creating your real estate listing, you want to pay attention to the language you use. Your listing is a great opportunity to highlight the specific details and finishes of your home that may not always be visible in the pictures. Craftsman-style homes and amenities are highly desired in today's real estate market, so if you've got them, use them to sell your place.
In a report from Zillow Digs, 2 million descriptions for homes that were sold was analyzed across the nation to see what keywords that described the features, design styles, and amenities impacted the selling price. This report comes from an analysis published in the New York Times best-seller, "Zillow Talk: Rewriting the Rules of Real Estate." It looks at how certain listing terms like 'unique' or 'captivating' can impact final sale prices.
If you want to know what other features are excellent features, here are 5 keywords:
Barn Doors
Homesthatlist "barn door" in their description tend to be sold at a large premium — 13.4% more than expected and 57 days faster. These rustic sliding doors are often found in modern craftsman-style homes and are used on bedroom closets and kitchen pantries, among others.
Shaker Cabinets
Home listings that tout "Shaker cabinets" sold for 9.6% above expected and 45 days faster.
Farmhouse Sink
Homes boasting these functional but oh-so-trendy kitchen sinks can fetch nearly an 8% sales premium.
Subway Tile
From kitchen backsplashes to shower stalls, subway tiles give your home a beautiful and classic design that surely will catch a buyer's eye. Home listings that mention subway tiles in their listings tend to be sold for nearly 7% more than expected and 63 days faster.
Usually found on kitchen counters or bathroom vanities, listings with the word "quartz" saw a 6%sales premium. However, homes with "granite" only saw a 4% boost in the sale price.


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Marc Abrahams is editor and co-founder of the science humour magazine Annals of Improbable Research, its website Improbable.com, and is the founder and master of ceremonies of the Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony – honouring achievements that make people LAUGH, and then THINK.
The Prizes are handed out by genuine Nobel Laureates at a gala ceremony held each October at Harvard University and broadcast on National Public Radio and on the Internet.
Marc writes a weekly column for the Guardian, and is the author of numerous books about the Ig Nobel awards and improbable research.
This show was guest hosted by Dan Schreiber. Dan Schreiber is the co-creator & producer of BBC Radio 4's Museum of Curiosity, occasional QI Elf, Chinese Standup & expert on all things Brian Blessed.


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There is no doubt that maps represent for the geographer a highly distinctive element of his professional profile. They have however recently undergone a deep epistemological rethinking, rising many questions that are still unanswered. The criticism by postmodernist currents has outlined how maps are inextricably at the center of power relations, thus undermining their presumed objectivity.
The present economical crisis and the deep social malaise call the geographer to answer for the new territorialisation processes, confirming at the same time a fundamental need, intrinsic to the geographical knowledge: to create convincing representations of the world we live in.
The challenges of our time thus require a new epistemological and methodological consideration of maps, which should be able to join the review of traditional concepts inherited by modernity with the unchanged cognitive needs of geography, also through a re-reading of the history of the way of thinking of the discipline. With this prospective, the session invites to present propositions on the following subjects:
Read the abstracts
Presentation n. 9
Session code: S25
What's new
click on the image and browse the Program, or download PDF version HERE
extended abstracts have been published
To receive info, STAY TUNED!
CB not installed


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Concern Worldwide, a company limited by guarantee, Registered Company Number: 39647, Registered Revenue Number: CHY 5745,
Registered Charity Number: 20009090, Registered in Ireland,
Registered address is 52 – 55 Lower Camden Street, Dublin 2.
Phone: +353 1 417 7700
Concern gives cautious welcome to Rohingya refugee agreement
Concern gives cautious welcome to Rohingya refugee agreement
Concern Worldwide has cautiously welcomed today's agreement between Myanmar and Bangladesh - but warned that the future of the Rohingya people remains "very uncertain".
The breakthrough would see 620,000 Rohingya refugees returned to Rakhine State, months after they fled from widespread violence.
The pact was signed by Myanmar's de facto leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, and the Bangladeshi foreign minister, Abul Hassan Mahmood Ali, and commits to starting the repatriation within two months.
Brid Kennedy, Concern's Regional Director, said that the agreement was a move in the right direction but added that many of those who recently arrived in Bangladesh would still be "hugely reluctant" to return to Myanmar.
"While we would obviously welcome the signing of the agreement, which will see a working group set up in the next three weeks, we do not seem to be any closer to an outcome that will see a secure future for the Rohingya people. They are still considered stateless in Myanmar and every single one of the refugees is traumatised from the violence that they have witnessed and endured in Rakhine State.
"They've lost their homes, they've lost their livelihoods and they've lost their loved ones so the majority of the Rohingya people that we have spoken to would be hugely reluctant to return. The main thing that we need to see is a guaranteed safe return for these people who have been through so much."
Urgent need for resources
Kennedy also praised Bangladesh for its response to the crisis, highlighting that the influx of refugees had placed additional demands on the country.
"Despite its own high levels of poverty and the massive floods earlier this year, Bangladesh has shown great hospitality in accommodating the Rohingya people. They will want to help the refugees to return home as soon as possible so we are hopeful that a solution can be found that will enable the Rohingya people to live in peace when they do return.
"Meanwhile, resources need to be urgently made available to ensure that the Rohingya refugees get sufficient protection, shelter, food, water and sanitation in Bangladesh," she added.
To contribute to the Concern Rohingya appeal, click here.
For more information, please contact Communications Officer Marie Madden on 087-1205470 or [email protected]


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This last pic was dark so I warmed it up a little, the rest are straight from the camera.
It was a breathtaking drive up the canyon yesterday. Summer ended quick, but this is my favorite time of year. I'm ready to pick pumpkins with my kiddos, make stews in the crock pot, apple crisp, and wear my favorite sweaters. Here's for a long, beautiful fall, one can wish.


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PTC and ThingWorx Join the Industrial Internet Consortium to Drive Standards and Accelerate Adoption of the Internet of Things
Joins Technology Leaders to Accelerate Innovation in Smart, Connected Products and Processes
Needham, MA and Exton, PA - June 16, 2014 - PTC® (Nasdaq: PTC) and ThingWorxTM, a PTC business and leading Internet of Things (IoT) platform provider, today announced they have joined the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), an open membership group established to improve the integration between the physical and digital worlds in order to accelerate adoption of the Internet of Things.
PTC and ThingWorx, acquired by PTC in December 2013 for its award-winning platform for building and running IoT applications, join IBM, Cisco, GE, AT&T and other IoT leaders to develop a common blueprint that both machines and devices from all manufacturers can use to share and move data. The standards being created will help developers of hardware and software platforms to create products that are fully compatible with the Internet of Things.
Research firm Gartner estimates the installed base of the IoT will exceed 26 billion units worldwide by 2020, with the McKinsey Global Institute estimating the economic impact to be as much as $6.2 trillion by 2025. To capitalize on this massive opportunity, companies are seeking a new generation of technology solutions that will help them create, operate, and service smart, connected products. In addition, they need a platform to help them rapidly create the business applications that fully leverage a smart, connected world.
With PTC's 28,000 global manufacturing customers and ThingWorx's customers in the telecommunications, utilities, medical devices, agriculture, and transportation markets, these two companies are well positioned to help the IIC achieve its goals. Further, the companies bring to the group a unique perspective on what companies need in order to transform how they can create and exchange value with customers, ultimately creating long-term, sustainable competitive advantage.
"As the number of things connected to the Internet exceeds the number of humans on the planet, the demand for applications that can leverage this connectivity is increasing at an unimaginable pace," said Rick Bullotta, chief technology officer, ThingWorx. "The IIC gives us the opportunity to collaborate with other leading technology companies to eliminate the friction that has impacted companies wanting to connect the physical world to people and systems. We look forward to being an active member of the IIC in order to help others capitalize on the market opportunity, leverage our teams' deep expertise, and enable a new era of innovation in connected products."
"We're at the precipice of a major technological shift, where smart machines will communicate and connect in ways that will lead to transformational business outcomes," said Dr. Richard Soley, executive director, Industrial Internet Consortium. "PTC and ThingWorx are joining a group of industry visionaries that will lead the change for adoption of the Industrial Internet. We look forward to working with them."
Additional Resources:
- Internet of Things resource site
- Internet of Things eBook
About The Industrial Internet Consortium
The Industrial Internet Consortium is an open membership organization formed to accelerate the development, adoption and wide-spread use of interconnected machines and devices, intelligent analytics and people at work. Founded by AT&T, Cisco, General Electric, IBM and Intel in March 2014, the IIC catalyzes and coordinates the priorities and enabling technologies of the Industrial Internet. For more information, please visit www.iiconsortium.org.
About ThingWorx, a PTC Business
ThingWorxTM, a PTC (Nasdaq: PTC) business, provides the first platform designed to efficiently build and run the applications of today's connected world. ThingWorx's model-based design and search-based intelligence simplifies application development efforts by minimizing cost and risk while accelerating time to value. The ThingWorx platform combines the key functionality of Web 2.0, search, and social collaboration, and applies it to the world of "things", including connected products, machines, sensors, systems, and industrial equipment. Businesses use the ThingWorx® platform to rapidly deliver innovative applications and connected solutions across markets ranging from manufacturing, energy, and food, to Machine-to-Machine (M2M) remote monitoring and service, as well as in emerging Internet of Things applications, including smart cities, smart grid, agriculture, and transportation. For more information, please visit our website at www.thingworx.com and our blog at www.thingworx.com/blog or follow us on Twitter at @ThingWorx.
About PTC
PTC (NASDAQ: PTC) enables manufacturers to achieve sustained product and service advantage. PTC's technology solutions help customers transform the way they create, operate and service products for a smart, connected, world. Founded in 1985, PTC employs approximately 6,000 professionals serving more than 28,000 businesses in rapidly-evolving, globally distributed manufacturing industries worldwide. Get more information at www.PTC.com.
Media Contacts:
For PTC
Corporate Communications
Weber Shandwick
Beth Ambaruch
Anand Savani
PTC, ThingWorx, and the ThingWorx logo and are trademarks or registered trademarks of PTC Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.


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Charlie Johnson Builder was founded in 1955, and after almost 60 years, 3000 homes, and three generations of builders in one family, CJB capitalizes on their vast experience. This family tradition of craftsmanship of the past, combined with technology, design and innovative products makes each home a reflection of your personal style and individuality.
Building a home is an exciting and creative process. With long term relationships with architects, designers, suppliers and subcontractors, we build your home like it was our personal home. Whether you are looking for 1000 or 10,000 square feet, all our homes are customized for you! We pride ourselves on the relationships we build with our customers and are proud to have built multiple homes for many of our homeowners!
Awards and recognition
CJB has been recognized as an industry leader in innovative home designs, safe rooms and storm safe homes. Over the years they have won numerous design and building awards including:
- Florida's Builder of the Year, FHBA
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- One of Central Florida's Biggest Builders, Orlando Business Journal
- Storm Safe Homes built by CJB have been featured on Good Morning America, HGTV, FOX and in the NY TIMES to name a few.
REALTORS Welcomed!


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Male Infertility Treatment Options
Previously, we briefly discussed male infertility. For some men, infertility can be a result of sperm traits that are present since birth. For others, lifestyle choices such as excessive alcohol use, smoking, and taking certain medications are the culprit. For others yet, there could be hormone problems or other medical conditions that play a role in infertility. For instance, swollen veins in the scrotum (varicoceles), retrograde ejaculation (a condition in which semen travels backwards into the body), and immunologic infertility (when a man's antibodies attack his sperm), are all medical conditions that inhibit fertility. Other obstructions can also prevent sperm from reaching the egg. For many of the known causes of male infertility, treatments and procedures are available, depending on the cause of infertility.
For men who have hypothalamic or pituitary deficiencies, treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may be recommended. Hormone injections are commonly given for a period of up to six months, and blood tests are conducted to monitor testosterone levels. If sperm cells are not detected within the man's semen within six months, human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) may be added to the injections. [2.Wang, C. and Swerdloff, R. (2012 October) Patient Information: Treatment of male infertility (Beyond the Basics).]
The options for treating male infertility are still somewhat limited, but for some anatomical complications (such as varicoceles), surgery can be given in attempt to treat infertility.[3.Wang, C.; see above.] For instance, if the reproductive tract is blocked, it may be possible for a man to undergo surgery to successfully correct the issue. If it cannot be corrected, an additional option to consider might be sperm retrieval, which can be performed through minor medical procedures. Most sperm retrieval procedures are performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. The sperm can be collected through a spring-loaded biopsy device, small incisions, using a thin needle, or through microsurgical techniques.
With that being said, couples who are experiencing issues with male infertility may be ideal candidates for assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Fertility specialists are equipped to go over the pros, cons, costs, and other detailed information about (ART), and we will discuss some of these options in the final chapter.
Couples who are having difficulties TTC may want to look into the male partner's fertility either before or at the same time as they look into the female partner's fertility, as a semen analysis is non-intrusive, versus the more intrusive assessments that the female partner would have to undergo to test fertility. A couple who wants to look into the male partner's fertility can schedule an appointment with a urologist, who can then go over medical history and perform a physical exam, fertility tests such as a semen analysis, and/or blood tests to evaluate testosterone levels. Please keep in mind that depending on insurance providers, some men may need to first receive a referral from their regular doctors before they can schedule an appointment with an urologist.


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Last ramblings for today.
From SuperDebugger it seems that the select stage scene contains in fact the two pointers (red + green squares). For some reason they're not displayed. Also the round shape could be just due to the application of a texture.
I think that for the same reason in the (in)famous night stage with the T-Rex chasing you, the torch effect could be a giant black poly superimposed to the scene with a "hole" texture (where alpha = 0). Moving the cursor to the bottom the poly gets squashed, hence the torch shape becoming more ellipsoidal. The rest of the scene is just rendered fine.
Too bad I can't load on the SuperDebugger the relative savestate floating around this forum to confirm this.
Also I don't think spotlight is used there since most of its parameters are set to 0.
In this picture the two pointers overlaps:


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Meet doulas with different styles, backgrounds, and experience levels
Choosing a labor doula is a little like falling in love: The chemistry has to be just right. After all, this trained birth assistant will be at your side during one of the most important days of your life. So how do you find your special someone? Enter doula speed-dating, a chance to meet a variety of doulas with different styles, backgrounds and experience levels in hopes of finding "the one."
An event in New York City last fall attracted the attention of expectant first-time parents Alicia Muñoz and Mike Zambito. "It was a minimal investment with maximum benefit," says Muñoz of the free 90-minute experience, which started with a brief introduction and then broke into speed-dating format, sending a different doula to visit each couple every 10 minutes.
Requests for doulas have risen by 37 percent in the past five years, according to the Childbirth and Postpartum Professional Association, and similar "meet the doulas" evenings are popping up around the country. Vying for expectant parents' attention at doula date night events are young rookies, seasoned grandmas and, as in the case of Muñoz and Zambito, a warm, grounded midwife- in-training who captured the couple's hearts—and landed the job. To find an event, Google "doula speed-dating [city name]" or seek out doula collectives in your area. — Wendy Kagan