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Editorial Note
Editorial Note
One of the most influential of Adams' Revolutionary writings was the pamphlet Thoughts on Government, Applicable to the Present State of the American Colonies. In a Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend, Philadelphia, 1776 (T. R. Adams, American Independence description begins Thomas R. Adams, American Independence: The Growth of an Idea. A Bibliographical Study of the American Political Pamphlets Printed Between 1764 and 1776 . . . , Providence, R.I., 1965. description ends , No. 205a; Evans description begins Charles Evans and others, comps., American Bibliography: A Chronological Dictionary of All Books, Pamphlets and Periodical Publications Printed in the United States of America [1639–1800], Chicago and Worcester, 1903–1959; 14 vols. description ends , No. 14639). Actually its influence began before it appeared in print, for it took earlier form as letters to two other friends who made use of it during the deliberations regarding a government for North Carolina. The genesis of the pamphlet is a confused story, the confusion arising from Adams' imperfect memory of events to which he did not attach great importance at the time.
Adams' earliest, and thus most nearly accurate, account of the composition of the Thoughts was given in a letter to James Warren of 20 April (below). William Hooper and John Penn, delegates to the congress from North Carolina, had each been urged to return home to take part in the drafting of a plan of government for that colony and bring with him ideas on the subject. They applied separately to Adams for suggestions. In his own words, Adams "concluded to borrow a little Time from his sleep and accordingly wrote with his own Hand, a Sketch, which he copied, giving the original to Mr. Hooper and the Copy to Mr. Penn." When George Wythe of Virginia saw the sketch, he wanted one for himself. Adams obliged, as he said, by writing one out from memory. The same thing happened when Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant of New Jersey put in his request, although this time the author "enlarged and amplified a good deal."
Taking the account to Warren literally, Adams produced four manuscripts, the first two of which would be as nearly identical as one could expect from a laborious copying of five or six pages, and the third would reveal differences because it was done from memory. The fourth, expanded as it was, would show the greatest difference from the others. Adams told Warren that he had made five copies although he specifies only four. It has been postulated that the fifth may have been the letter Adams wrote to Richard Henry Lee the preceding November, but the lapse of months would seem to make that unlikely (Adams to Lee, 15 Nov. 1775, above). Adams probably miscounted (John E. Selby, "Richard Henry Lee, John Adams, and the Virginia Constitution of 1776," VMHB description begins Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. description ends , 84:394–395, note 20 [Oct. 1976]).
It is not surprising that when Richard Henry Lee also asked for a copy of Adams' latest composition, the hard-pressed author borrowed Wythe's, and Lee "put it under Types." The pamphlet, then, probably reproduced the Wythe copy, though we cannot be certain, for the Wythe MS has not been found, nor, for that matter, has the Sergeant copy. As Adams wrote to Warren, it was a pity that Wythe's copy was used for the printer, for Sergeant's was "longer and more compleat, perhaps more correct."
A comparison of the letters written to Hooper and Penn and the letter to Wythe as printed shows that Adams did not copy his initial effort, as he first claimed. Each proposal, though containing passages identical with one or both of the other versions, shows some difference in ordering of ideas and contains passages unique to it. Yet, given the nature of some of the verbatim passages, one can justifiably conclude that Adams had a set of notes or a rough draft, apparently no longer extant, on which he could draw in answering the separate requests for a plan of government. Although he declared the Sergeant version the most accurate and complete, even that in Adams' eyes was only a temporary expedient, for he was careful to note in all three extant versions of the Thoughts that the conditions of 1776 would change and that, as stress and danger eased, legislators might well want to alter several features of the original scheme. What those modifications might be are only hinted at, but the hints account for some of the differences from plan to plan. Most of these will be left to annotation, but a few general comments are appropriate here.
The letter to Penn is approximately two hundred words longer than that to Hooper, but the one to Wythe is perhaps one thousand words longer than that. The greater length of the third version is largely owing to the elaboration of some ideas and the introduction of topics not covered earlier: for example, the addition of a sixth and summary reason for the dangers of unicameralism, the discussion of the composition and command of the militia, the advisability of sumptuary laws, and the quorum for the Council when it acts as adviser to the governor.
Besides these additions there are other differences of substance. Thus, only the Hooper letter mentions an alternative to basing representation on numbers or geographic area—quantity of property. Although the Hooper letter is unique in this respect, the principle of basing representation on property was incorporated in 1779 in Adams' draft of the Massachusetts Constitution and was retained in the final version of 1780. The number of senators from specially designated districts was to be proportional to the taxes paid by the inhabitants of the district (The Report of a Constitution or Form of Government for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . . . , Boston, 1779, p. 18; Constitution of 1780, ch. I, sect. II). Only the Wythe letter mentions the possibility of terms of office running three or seven years, or even for life, although Adams in all three letters makes plain his strong preference for annual elections. Here, as elsewhere, however, he would leave the decision to the people. The Wythe letter also enlarges somewhat the sphere of the congress. That it should provide for a post office is not surprising, but Adams' additional thought that the unappropriated royal lands should come under congressional jurisdiction shows his awareness of the issue of ownership of western lands. Virginia was particularly concerned with this issue because of its vast claims north and west of the Ohio River which overlapped the claims of other colonies (see Madison, Papers description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. by William T. Hutchinson, William M. E. Rachal, Robert A. Rutland (from vol. 8), and others, Chicago, 1962- description ends , 2:72–77). Obviously there was some development of Adams' thought even in the space of a few days; in this light the disappearance of the Sergeant letter is especially regrettable.
A very rough estimate of the length of the final version of the Thoughts may be extrapolated from Adams' statement to both Abigail (JA to AA, 15 April, Adams Family Correspondence description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 1:383) and Warren that he had used ten sheets of paper to produce the four copies. Whenever Adams used a full sheet for a letter, he folded it in half to make four pages; hence if one makes no allowance for unfilled pages, his copying effort produced forty pages of writing. Extant MS versions for Hooper and Penn use five and seven full pages respectively. The printed Wythe version must have taken about twelve pages, for a total of twenty-four pages for the three versions we know. This means that the Sergeant version was about sixteen pages in length.
Not only did Adams create confusion about whether two of his letters were merely copies of the original, but with the passage of time he insisted upon a different order of composition. In 1814 John Taylor of Caroline co., Virginia, John Penn's son-in-law, published An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States, in which appeared an undated letter by Adams on government. Extracts from this letter, according to Taylor, had been printed some years before in newspapers (An Inquiry . . . , repr. New Haven, 1950, p. 452–458). When Adams saw the letter he was convinced that Taylor had written a confused account of its nature and wrote him "an unvarnished explanation," stating that in January 1776 he and Wythe had had an evening's conversation about government. After Adams had put his ideas into writing at Wythe's request, Lee had secured Adams' permission to have the piece published on condition that the author's name be suppressed. Some weeks later the delegates from North Carolina called on Adams, bearing a letter from their state legislature requesting his advice on a form of government, a request he fulfilled with a letter that was never published in whole or in part (JA to Taylor, 9 April 1814, MHi: Washburn Papers). The letter in Taylor's book, of course, was that to John Penn. Adams had forgotten that he had written to Penn and to Hooper, not to the North Carolina legislature. This second account of the genesis of Thoughts on Government, erroneously making Wythe's the earliest version, parallels one that Adams had entered in 1811 on the flyleaf of Norton Quincy's copy of the Thoughts ([Feb.–April], Adams Papers, and see JA, Works description begins The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: with a Life of the Author, ed. Charles Francis Adams, Boston, 1850–1856; 10 vols. description ends , 4:191). Several years later still, Adams described the letter printed by Taylor as "an imperfect copy" of the Wythe letter (JA to Hezekiah Niles, 28 April 1817, Niles Weekly Register, 12:161 [March–Sept. 1817]).
Close examination of several letters that Adams wrote in the spring of 1776 permits establishment of an approximate chronology for the letters that led to the pamphlet. One can say at once that Adams did not have a conversation with Wythe in January 1776, since Adams did not return to Philadelphia until 8 February (JA to AA, 11 Feb., Adams Family Correspondence description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 1:345). Furthermore, he apparently did not put down his ideas on government until after 19 March. On that day he answered Abigail's request for his opinion of Common Sense, which he had sent her from New York several weeks before. In noting that some people thought that he was the author, Adams remarks, "But altho I could not have written any Thing in so manly and striking a style, I flatter myself I should have made a more respectable Figure as an Architect, if I had undertaken such a Work. This Writer seems to have very inadequate Ideas of what is proper and necessary to be done, in order to form Constitutions for single Colonies, as well as a great Model of Union for the whole" (JA to AA, 19 March, italics supplied, same description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 1:363).
The italicized clause indicates that Adams had not yet written his plan of government. Yet, on 27 March, Hooper and Penn left Philadelphia to attend the North Carolina convention, so that, given the account of events that Adams wrote to Warren on 20 April, Adams must have written out his scheme for Hooper and Penn before they left the city (Burnett, ed., Letters of Members description begins Edmund C. Burnett, ed., Letters of Members of the Continental Congress, Washington, 1921–1936; 8 vols. description ends , 1:lviii). That fact would date the earliest versions of the Thoughts between 19 and 27 March. The Wythe version may well have been composed soon after 27 March, for Wythe saw either the Hooper or the Penn version before the men left Philadelphia; the Sergeant version followed, completed at the latest by 15 April, when Adams told Abigail he had used up ten sheets of paper. We know that on 11 April, Sergeant requested that Adams send to him a "Copy of a Paper I spoke with You about the Evening before I left Town," which was very likely one of the first three versions of Thoughts on Government (Sergeant to JA, 11 April, below).
Put into pamphlet form by John Dunlap of Philadelphia, Thoughts on Government was advertised for sale on 22 April in the Pennsylvania Packet. Some months later a reprint was made available in Boston by John Gill, who gave notice in his Continental Journal of 10 October that it would be published on the 12th. Gill may have sensed a market for Adams' work. In Massachusetts for some time there had been agitation for a constitution to replace the makeshift government under which the province was operating. What had begun as opposition in Berkshire and Hampshire counties to continuation of the charter became after 4 July more general, and the House of Representatives in September asked the towns if they wanted the General Court to draft a constitution (Robert J. Taylor, Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth: Documents on the Formation of Its Constitution, 1775–1780, Chapel Hill, 1961, p. 36, 41). Moreover, on 31 August the Rev. William Gordon had begun a series of letters to the Independent Chronicle in which he discussed the features that a constitution should contain. In his first letter he quoted from Thoughts on Government the arguments of Adams against unicameralism. His series of letters ran through September and into October and was continued in the spring of 1777 (Independent Chronicle, 5, 12, 19, 26 Sept.; 3 Oct. 1776; 20, 27 March; 3, 10 April 1777). While Massachusetts towns in the fall of 1776 were voting overwhelmingly to give the General Court authority to draft a constitution, if one can judge by the returns preserved in the state archives, the first newspaper printing of Thoughts on Government, presumably taken from the Boston edition, appeared in the Newburyport Essex Journal of 1 November.
Similarly, local issues brought another printing of the Adams proposal. Writing as "Ludlow" in the Pennsylvania Journal, Benjamin Rush, who despised his state's constitution, quoted from the Adams pamphlet four of the reasons (nos. 1–3 and 6) why unicameralism was dangerous. "Whitlocke," whose identity remains unknown, answered Rush in the Pennsylvania Gazette. He made the telling point that in the passage cited by Rush, Adams had inveighed not against vesting all legislative power in one body, but against centering all legislative, executive, and judicial power in a single assembly. Rush did leave out a key phrase in quoting Adams' sixth reason for opposing unicameralism: "execute all laws arbitrarily for their own interest" (Pennsylvania Journal, 28 May 1777; Pennsylvania Gazette, 4 June 1777; for an analysis of the debate over the Pennsylvania constitution see Robert L. Brunhouse, The Counter-Revolution in Pennsylvania, 1776–1790, Phila., 1942, p. 28–33, 240). The Gazette printed the text of Thoughts on Government to allow readers to see for themselves what Adams had said, but in doing so it omitted the last paragraph, which had requested suppression of the author's name.
In quoting, Rush became the first person publicly to assign authorship of the pamphlet to John Adams; moreover, he said Adams was addressing one of his friends in North Carolina, although the pamphlet makes no mention of that state and was, in fact, addressed to Wythe of Virginia. Somehow Rush had learned of one or both of the letters addressed to Hooper and Penn. (Rush's letters on the constitution were collected as Observations upon the Present Government of Pennsylvania in Four Letters to the People of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1777, the quotations from Adams being at p. 5–6.) When Adams learned how his proposal for government was being put to use in Pennsylvania, he was unhappy, for he did not want "to be impressed into the service of one Party." However much he deplored unicameralism, he believed above all else that choice of governmental forms should be left to the people for decision (JA to AA, 4 June 1777, Adams Family Correspondence description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 2:255; JA to Patrick Henry, 3 June 1776, below).
Thoughts on Government had influence apart from early reprintings. Its most obvious impact came in Virginia, where it called forth an ineffectual rebuttal: Carter Braxton's Address to the Convention of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia, (Phila., 1776), designed, Adams said, "as an Antidote to the popular Poison, in 'Thoughts on Government'" (JA to James Warren, 12 May, below). Patrick Henry described it as "an Affront and Disgrace" to Virginia (to JA, 20 May, below). His ire was probably provoked by Braxton's too-great admiration for British forms and his attack on republican government as based on the impossible ideal of disinterestedness and equality. Quoting from Adams, Braxton held that he had confused public and private virtue. Braxton called for a governor elected by the House of Representatives to serve during good behavior and a Council, or second branch of the legislature, to serve for life. The representatives of the people were to be elected every three years (Force, Archives description begins [Peter Force, ed.,] American Archives: Consisting of a Collection of Authentick Records, State Papers, Debates, and Letters and Other Notices of Publick Affairs, Washington, 1837–1853; 9 vols. description ends , 4th ser., 6:748–754). Although Braxton's pamphlet was reprinted in Dixon and Hunter's Virginia Gazette of 8 and 15 June, it appeared too late and was too far from the spirit of men's thinking to carry any weight.
Julian P. Boyd has demonstrated that George Mason, chief architect of the Virginia Constitution of 1776, was influenced by both Thoughts on Government and Adams' letter to Richard Henry Lee (Jefferson, Papers description begins The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian P. Boyd and others, Princeton, 1950– . description ends , 1:334–335, 369, note 6). John Selby's study of Lee and the Virginia Constitution reproduces the long-unidentified handbill on government that Lee ordered made up and that is based on, but not identical in substance to, the letter from Adams of 15 November 1775. The evidence is clear that the printing of Lee's handbill preceded the publication of Thoughts on Government by a week or two; nonetheless, Adams' pamphlet was in the hands of a number of Virginians before they attended the state convention. Lee became an ardent advocate of the Adams plan insofar as it demonstrated that government could be established in a form Virginians were used to even though independence was to be declared. Selby makes the important point that some Virginians had feared such a declaration might lead to "internal disruption." Adams' work eased their fears and made them the more ready to embrace many of its features (VMHB description begins Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. description ends , 84:393–396).
In North Carolina, according to Elisha P. Douglass, Thoughts on Government was invoked by those who opposed a democratic faction that sought greater popular control in government, even to the extent of electing judges (Rebels and Democrats, Chapel Hill, 1955 [repr., Chicago, 1965], ch. 8). Douglass, unaware of the Hooper and Penn letters, confined his attention to the printed pamphlet, which arrived too late to exert much influence on the convention that met in April (same, p. 124–125). In fact, Hooper and Penn were put on the committee to prepare a constitution as soon as they arrived at the convention on 15 April (William L. Saunders, ed., The Colonial Records of North Carolina, 10 vols., Raleigh, 1886–1890, 10:516). Adams' letter to Hooper was copied into the executive letterbook, and Penn wrote to Adams that "We are endeavouring to form a Constitution as it is thought necessary to exert all the powers of Government, you may expect it will be a popular one" (Penn to Adams, 17 April, below). What Penn meant by "a popular one" apparently differed from what some North Carolinians meant, for a democratic group in the convention wanted a two-house legislature and a president and council functioning as the executive that would be directly elected by the people. Conservatives, according to Douglass, wanted the plan of Adams more closely followed (Rebels and Democrats, p. 120, 124, 125, note 30). As mentioned earlier, Adams had insisted that his specific proposals were temporary and in his letter to Penn had suggested that in time people might prefer direct election of a governor by the people at large and of councilors by the freeholders. Thus, Adams was not so conservative as Douglass' analysis would imply. The outcome in North Carolina, however, was a more democratic government than men like Hooper and Penn desired (same, p. 129–135).
No study has yet been made of the precise impact of Thoughts on Government on constitution-making in New Jersey. Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant is credited with having written a draft before a committee of the provincial congress designated for the purpose could get started. The committee worked but two days to produce a constitution, and it was adopted on 2 July. John E. Pomfret has described it as following "the colonial model . . . throughout," as not "a revolutionary document." All officers, executive and judicial, were chosen by joint ballot of the two houses for terms that were brief, even for judges. The lack of judicial tenure and of a veto for the governor was an important departure from Adams' plan, but annual elections and bicameralism were significant parts of his scheme. Since familiar forms shaped Adams' thinking, the lack of revolutionary change would not necessarily rule out his influence (Pomfret, Colonial New Jersey, A History, N.Y., 1973, p. 261–264).
For the rest, there are but scattered hints that Thoughts on Government continued to be influential. Adams' recollection is that the pamphlet was useful in New York. In his Autobiography he remarks that John Jay and James Duane attended the New York Convention, "as I suppose for the Purpose of getting a Plan adopted conformable to my Ideas, in the Letter to Mr. Wythe." When Duane returned to the congress and learned that Adams had seen New York's constitution (of 1777), he asked "if it was not agreeable to [] Ideas." Adams responded that it was "by far the best Constitution that had yet been adopted" (Diary and Autobiography description begins Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1961; 4 vols. description ends , 3:398).
In Massachusetts the pamphlet was pressed into service again in 1778. That year the state's voters overwhelmingly rejected a constitution that the General Court had drafted. Among the reasons given for the rejection, the best known are those supplied by a county convention held in Ipswich, which were published and are familiarly known as the Essex Result. It quoted from and paraphrased those sections of Thoughts on Government dealing with equality of representation, the dangers of unicameralism, and the tenure of judges, as well as giving heavy emphasis to the system of checks and balances (Taylor, ed., Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth, p. 73–89, but esp. p. 81, 82, and 85). Writing about 1800, Adams remarked that the Essex Result was "in general agreable to the Principles" of Thoughts on Government, but that no credit was given to its author because his name was not known at that time. He added somewhat petulantly, "The Essex Junto however, need not be so vain glorious as to arrogate to themselves the honor of being the Founders of the Massachusetts Constitution" [Feb.–April 1776], Adams Papers).
While the state constitutional convention was meeting in 1779 to draft what would become the Constitution of 1780, John Gill reprinted Thoughts on Government in his Continental Journal of 23 September. It was preceded by a note, probably written by Adams, which identified the author of the pamphlet and said in part: "the Plan of Government was rather intended to familiarize to the people a way of making the transition from the old Governments to the new, and to set abler pens to work than as anything well digested. It was written in too great a storm, and by a person too much employed in business to be thoroughly considered."
Additional reprintings in the 18th century are found in the Gazette of the United States for 29 September and 2 October 1790 and in the Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine, 5:392–397 (Dec. 1790). Although the magazine gives no explanation for its reprinting, the reappearance of Thoughts on Government in the Gazette may have been timed to coincide with the final adoption of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1790, which in turning to bicameralism and a single executive more nearly exemplified Adams' ideas than had the first constitution of the state (Brunhouse, Counter-Revolution in Pennsylvania, p. 226–227). At the same time the Gazette was serializing Discourses on Davila, also by the then Vice President, John Adams.
In commenting in 1776 and afterward upon his efforts to sketch a plan of government, Adams always stressed that he had done the job in a hurry, that his proposals were meant to be temporary, that what he had written was "a poor scrap," even that the plan was meant for southern governments only, which he regarded as likely to favor less popular government than New England would. For example, he did not expect the people of Massachusetts to accept a governor with a veto power (JA to James Warren, 12 May, and to Francis Dana, 16 Aug., below). Yet what he wrote did not spring full-blown from his mind. For some months he had been thinking about the form independent governments should take. In his Autobiography he claimed to have discussed this subject with friends as early as the spring of 1775 (Diary and Autobiography description begins Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1961; 4 vols. description ends , 3:351). Even if we set this claim aside as typical of his tendency in old age to push back in time his commitment to American independence, the evidence is incontestable that what he wrote down for Hooper and the others was an elaboration of earlier ideas. It has been mentioned that in 1775 Adams in a letter to Richard Henry Lee briefly sketched a plan of government that anticipates some of the ideas in Thoughts on Government, including bicameralism, a strong executive, and tenure during good behavior for the highest judges at least. Adams even suggested that when times were easier, the people might directly elect the governor and the upper branch of the legislature.
About a year before he wrote to Lee, Adams came into possession of an anonymous proposal to the Boston Committee of Correspondence which suggested annual elections, bicameralism, a strong executive, the election of governor and council by the house of representatives, and the appointment of officials other than treasurer, secretary, and captains of forts by joint action of the governor and legislature—all features, even though crudely stated, of Thoughts on Government (JA, Papers description begins Papers of John Adams, ed. Robert J. Taylor and others, Cambridge, 1977– . description ends , 2:178–185). These similarities are not surprising, for all the plans draw heavily upon institutional forms long familiar in Massachusetts. But the emphasis in them upon the balancing of the elements of government expressed Adams' deeply held conviction that freedom under government could be achieved in no other way. As far back as 1763 we find him extolling the power of checks and balances, even that of the voters' power to check the legislature: "We Electors have an important constitutional power placed in our hands: We have a check upon two branches of the legislature, as each branch has upon the other two; the power I mean of electing, at stated periods, one branch, which branch has the power of electing another" (same, 1:81). The emphasis on checks and balances was to remain central in Adams' thought, based as it was upon his conviction that men are easily corrupted by power.


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In the HBO series "The Young Pope" we see an American Pope who can be characterized as Caligula in the Vatican. He has enemies and detractors galore among the cardinals at the Vatican.
The cardinals have elected Pius XIII because they could not reach a compromise between their conservative and liberal factions. They consider him a naïve, inexperienced manipulable American. They are disappointed when they end up getting Caligula who sets out to turn the table around and dominate and manipulate them.
A power struggle ensues but the Pope has all the cards in his hands, i.e., the power with which to trump his enemies. He gets that power by acquiring knowledge about his enemies in a surreptitious mode, via the Vatican's father confessor who shares with the Pope the secrets of his penitents.
It's all redolent of Machiavellian political philosophy: the end justifies the means, and knowledge is power.
Of course all that is pure fiction. But then there is the real world where surreal conspiracy theories abound, which doesn't mean they don't exist. We are referring to the populist world of Donald Trump and Stephen Bannon with which the movie has uncanny affinities. We have already examined their special relationship in the first part of this piece.
One of those above mentioned trumping cards in the real world of Trump is in fact his aide Stephen Bannon, an archconservative Catholic who has a kindred spirit in the Vatican, the American cardinal Raymond Burke. They see the populist political struggles going on as a clash of civilization which will soon come to an apocalyptic climax of Muslims against Christians (remember the Crusades?) and eventually East against West; China against the US (remember Alexander the Great and the Persians?).
In the fictional world of Pius XIII cardinals who conspire against the Pope are sent to a remote part of the US, in frigid Alaska. In the real world of the present Vatican, those who secretly slap up anti-Pope posters and attempt to stir up a schism among conservatives, are sent to a remote corner of the US in the Pacific sea called the island of Guam, an American outpost of 162,000 people.
His arrival there was only announced when he landed on the 15th of February, ostensibly on a mission ordered by the Pope. This is the same pattern we notice in the movie "The Young Pope." Cardinals who create nuisances are sent away.
What is the Vatican press explanation? Simple: Burke has been named by the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith as presiding judge against Guam Archbishop Anthony Apuron who refuses to resign despite allegations of sexual misconduct from altar boys who served him in the 70s.
Intriguing that this is the first time that Burke was sent abroad from the Vatican. Till 2014 he was the head of the Vatican's tribunal but has since been demoted. The question arises: why? Well, for one thing, he and three other cardinals have signaled doubts about the Pope's teaching on love and the family. In another public rift the Pope had to intervene in the inner governance of the sovereign Knights of Malta Catholic order for which Burke is advisor.
What has surfaced since the 15th of February is that it wasn't the order's Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing who forced the resignation of its Grand Chacellor Albrecht Von Boeselager, for allegedly approving the distribution of condoms to sex slave in Myanmar, but it was Cardinal Burke, who thus violated the Knights' sovereignty. A decision to fire a member of the Sovereign Council can only be carried out by the order's General Chapter, not by the pope's chaplain as representative of the Holy See. So the Pope was forced to intervene and rectify the situation by requiring Festing's resignation and the reinstatement of Von Boeselager.
So, as in the movie, to Guam you go, Cardinal Burke, but of course it is not a punishment just a sacrifice in the form of service to Mother Church.
Now the Knights of Malta can put their own house in order. What remains to be determined is whether or not Cardinal Burke, even among the luxuriant palms of tropical Guam, will continue the anti-pope campaign with Stephen Bannon and his likes. That will determine if indeed he was its mastermind. The plot thickens, it's beginning to look even more intriguing than the one in the movie.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Work could start next year on improving one of the busiest road junctions in the borough.
Officials at the Highways Agency have moved a step closer to restructuring the A19 Silverlink junction with the A1058 Coast Road.
The interchange is one of the busiest in the region with an estimated 50,000 motorists using it every day.
Plans have been drawn up to lower the A19 under the Coast Road in a £140m scheme.
Now the agency has submitted an application for a development consent order to the National Planning Inspectorate, while also submitting plans with North Tyneside Council.
If approved, work would start in spring 2016 to create a three-tier junction, with a free-flowing north-south link.
The scheme would see the construction of two new bridges to carry roundabout traffic over the A19, new slip roads, a new bridge to carry the Coast Road over the A19, two new bridges for cyclists and pedestrians, and the widening of the Middle Engine Railway Bridge.
The closing date for applications is January 23, and if all deadlines are hit, the scheme could be completed by 2018 – but only if the funding is given the green light in the next government Spending Review.
A report submitted to the council said: "Existing problems at the junction include severe congestion during peak hours, congestion at weekends associated with the Silverlink Retail Park, and accident rates higher than the national average – and without the improvement, congestion and delays would increase."
It added that during construction work, two lanes of traffic in each direction will be open on both the A19 and Coast Road during peak times.
Several consultation events have taken place over the last four years, helping to draw up the latest proposals.
And again residents are being given a chance to have their say on the plans as part of the application process.
Last year, cabinet members at North Tyneside Council gave their support to the planned improvements to the junction.
They are keen to see the work go ahead as it would help boost the local economy while also reduce rush-hour congestion.
Speaking at the time, Mayor Norma Redfearn said: "The scheme to improve this junction is very much needed and long overdue.
"It is an exceptionally busy roundabout and at peak times drivers often endure bottlenecks.
"These works would make a huge difference not only to residents of North Tyneside but also to the whole of Tyne and Wear as it would keep traffic moving on the A19 and A1.
"Upgrading this junction will reduce congestion, improve road safety and bring about our main aim, to attract more investment and more jobs to our area."
For more information about the plans, search the North Tyneside Council planning website for application 14/01939/DCO.
The plans are also on the Highway Agency website.


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Corporate leaders and politicians who argue that New York City must rebuild Lower Manhattan as quickly as possible -- even if it means sidestepping or streamlining some environmental protection rules -- are getting support for their position from what might seem an unlikely quarter: environmentalists.
Leaders at some major environmental groups in the region said that a rapid rebuilding in Manhattan had become a paramount objective for them partly out of concern for the city's long-term economic health and also because the alternative could have grim implications for the region: a wave of sprawled office development from New Jersey to Long Island as displaced corporations build permanent new space in the suburbs.
If that happened, the environmentalists said, the overall environment in the nation's most densely congested urban corridor could sharply deteriorate in the decades to come, with worsened air quality because of increased dependence on automobile travel, longer trips to work and a loss of open space.
''The No. 1 environmental concern is that the center holds -- all flows from that,'' said Eric A. Goldstein, a senior lawyer at the Natural Resources Defense Council, a Manhattan-based conservation group. ''If the question is spreading out or retaining a central core for the region, the environmental community can be expected to come down in favor of a strong central city.''
Already, three weeks after the attacks, dozens of displaced companies have made long-term plans to relocate outside Lower Manhattan -- especially to Midtown and New Jersey.Continue reading the main story
Mr. Goldstein and other environmental leaders say that while hardly anyone suggests giving up all environmental oversight on downtown development, the point seems almost universally shared that rebuilding the World Trade Center site will require finding a new balance between the old black-or-white advocacy for the environment and the broader needs of a city and region that has been thrown into deep stress by the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11.
If there were no concerns about a sudden surge in suburban development, the environmentalists said, lawyers and community leaders would already be focusing on the plans for downtown, poring over the fine print about things like building heights and the resulting blockage of sunlight to nearby areas.
They would be urging studies on the air pollution impact of truck and vehicle traffic involved in the removal of debris and the construction of new offices. They would want input on the proposed mix of residential and commercial tenants in any new vision of downtown and on the question of open space and public access. Lawsuits, investigative exposés and public hearings -- the tools of the environmental trade -- would be at the ready or already deployed.
But the disaster at the World Trade Center created a new measure of environmental impact -- no longer confined to just one neighborhood or even one city. The wave of disruption and loss that rippled out when the towers fell -- thousands of lives lost and 15 million square feet of office space destroyed or made unusable -- affected families and businesses, as well as patterns of life, travel, work and play in the city and across the region.
So, too, environmentalists say, will the rebuilding -- and the missteps that could result from delay or errors in judgment -- affect the entire region. Looking at the fine print is no longer enough.
''Our greatest fear is that people will use this as an excuse to pave over more of the natural world,'' said Jeff Jones, the communications director for Environmental Advocates, an Albany-based conservation group.
Mr. Jones said his organization and many other smaller ones it worked with would support a streamlined approvals process in Lower Manhattan to protect places like the Meadowlands in northern New Jersey from development. But he said that many groups would also likely seek assurances in return that plans for downtown would include elements of so-called green-building design, like energy-saving technologies and construction techniques.
How the new trade-offs in the region might work as the cleanup and rebuilding move forward is a question that is also being examined closely by urban planners and economists, some of whom have likened the New York metropolitan area to a giant puzzle that has been shaken apart and will now be put back together with new rules.
Sam Staley, director the urban futures program at Reason Public Policy Institute, a nonprofit market-oriented research group based in Los Angeles, said that decentralization out of Manhattan's financial district was a trend long before the terrorist attacks and that an intensification of that trajectory was inevitable now. He said it would be driven by reasons of economics and security.
Some experts like Mr. Goldstein say that troubles around the New York region in recent days -- nightmarish traffic congestion from heightened security measures and altered commuter flow as workers fight their way to temporary offices -- might be glimpses of the future if the wrong choices about rebuilding are made in the months to come.
How exactly the New York region's future will unfold, of course, is a great unknown, in part because no map exists for how to navigate it.
Should money be poured into mass transit improvements for getting people into New York City from the suburbs of Long Island and New Jersey on the assumption that more people will abandon their cars and take the train to avoid traffic nightmares and security checks?
Or would the money be better spent on the assumption that some degree of suburban development will take place? The money could then be concentrated on figuring out how to move people efficiently over what might be new emerging commuter routes.
Some environmental and transportation groups say that, as the city and region struggle through this crisis, some positive psychological hurdles could be cleared that might make for a cleaner city and surrounding areas.
For instance, Transportation Alternatives, a nonprofit group based in Manhattan that advocates environmentally friendly transportation like biking and mass transit, lauded Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani's order last week restricting single-occupant cars from entering Manhattan at certain hours of the day.
The group also urged putting tolls on the bridges across the East River and raising the gasoline tax by 20 cents a gallon, with the money devoted to mass-transit improvements.
Other environmental leaders say what unfolds will depend in part on how much the public is included in the decision-making for the redevelopment. If the process feels open and inclusive, said Ned Sullivan, the executive director of Scenic Hudson, an environmental group based in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., the spirit could continue.
''But if they try to shut people out of the process, on the theory that we have to make this happen quickly,'' he said, ''that will result in delays down the road.''Continue reading the main story


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Vitaliy Katsenelson
I am the CEO at Investment Management Associates, which is anything but your average investment firm. (Seriously, take a look.)
I wrote two books on investing, which were published by John Wiley & Sons and have been translated into eight languages. (Even in Polish!)
In a brief moment of senility, Forbes magazine called me "the new Benjamin Graham." (They must have been impressed by the eloquence of the Polish translation.)
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Love From The Community
It really feels great to receive a gift especially when you need it the most. The Office of the Governor of Nairobi County kindly donated food to the Fikisha family.
It was a momentous occasion as the children from the rehabilitation program were there to receive the food. The food donated will go a long way to helping the rehabilitation program continue its work in the community.
It was not just about the kind food donation but also about the recognition of the work Fikisha is doing in the community. When you give in any form, it will come back to you in different ways. Love and generosity have a way of transforming the lives of everyone around, both the giver and the receiver.
Talks for future collaboration with government agencies in Kenya about the plight of the street children and how to better serve them are now underway.
The government has a department that deals with issues related to the rights and provision of basic services to street children.
True the adage that says, "Someday all the love you have given away will come back to you and it will finally stay."
The Fikisha family can only say thank you and may God continue to bless the entire community.


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EVER AFTER HIGH™ Duchess Swan™ Doll
Start a new chapter with Ever After High, where the teenage sons and daughters of famous fairytales decide whether or not to follow in their parents' fabled footsteps. Duchess Swan, daughter of the Swan Queen, is a member of the Ever After Royals. She embraces her prewritten destiny and is hexcited about becoming Ever After High royalty. This graceful character may have two sides to her personality, but she has one fierce sense of style! Inspired by her story, Swan Lake Ballet, her black and white dress has a feather-inspired tutu and tulle touches on the straps. Accessories -- like tights, jewelry, purse and headpiece -- are show-stopping. Plus, she could dance all night in fableous black heels with lavender ballet shoe lacing -- ballet hands are wickedly en pointe! Duchess Swan doll also comes with a doll stand, doll hairbrush and bookmark that feature her hexclusive character story. Collect all of the spellbinding students of Ever After High (sold separately) for hexquisite display and storytelling fun. Each sold separately, doll cannot stand alone.


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|[Arrow] More Grounded This Year
TV Guide | Damian Holbrook | Returns October 5, 2016
AFTER A YEAR of magical baddies, exorcisms and ape-shifters, "Arrow feels more grounded again," says star Stephen Amell. "As much as a comic book show can be grounded." And if anyone would know about that, it's the straight shooter who's heading into his fifth season as the titular crime fighter and his alter ego, Oliver Queen.
How is Oliver adjusting to his role as the new mayor of Star City?
Oliver is a little disillusioned with being the mayor and is basically using the job to get intel to act as the Green Arrow. Felicity [Emily Bett Rickards] is in the bunker running point. Diggle [David Ramsey] is gone, Thea [Willa Holland] is gone, Laurel [Katie Cassidy] is gone. He's solo and overworked.
Well, Star City is a mess.
[Laughs] There's so much corruption within the SCPD. We deal with Chad Coleman's character, Tobias Church, this drug kingpin who's utilizing all the holes in the police department to stay ahead of the team.
Echo Kellum is now a series regular whose tech guru Curtis is becoming the DC Comics hero Mr. Terrific. Who else is on Green Arrow's squad?
We have Madison McLaughlin back as Artemis, Rick Gonzalez as Renee Ramirez [aka Wild Dog] and a mystery guest…a new character that has been [brought in].
What can you tell us about this season's villain, Prometheus?
We start to unravel some of that mystery in Episode 6, but for the time being, we just know that he's a guy who's using lethal force. And he looks, conveniently, like a very evil version of my character.
This year's theme—and the title of the premiere—is "Legacy," which is fitting, since you're the O.G. of The CW heroes.
It's really cool. What The CW has accomplished, having four shows on four nights, is something to behold. It is cool being the first one. We're not the biggest property [compared to] The Flash and Supergirl within the DC Comics canon, but our success gave [executive producers] Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg the chance to develop more. I hope we can look back at this era of DC television and be very, very proud.
Read More ARROW Articles
Scrolling: hover on any title in the listing, then scroll your mouse to the desired title.


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Five retired Superior Court judges have been selected for a committee that will draw Anaheim's proposed voting district maps by Oct. 6.
The formation of the Advisory Committee on Electoral Districts comes after Anaheim voters approved a pair of ballot measures last November that call for moving toward district elections and adding two members to the City Council by 2016.
Those measures stemmed from a settlement with the American Civil Liberties Union.
One stipulation is that the maps would be drawn by a panel of retired Superior Court judges who live in Anaheim, but there was a glitch: Only one such judge lives in the city. As a result, city officials and the ACLU agreed to revise the settlement to permit retired judges from across the county.
Edward Wallin of Anaheim was automatically selected to serve on the committee. The remaining members were randomly selected in a lottery among 14 applicants. They are: Steven Sundvold of Placentia, Thomas Thrasher of Villa Park, James Jackman of Orange and Nancy Wieben Stock of Fullerton.


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Day 2 of her 2017 TIAS is available here.
I still think this is a cheerleader's skirt. Jane has been cheering me on to master split rings for years. I'd be fine if I could skip picots on the second side of the split ring. They lock up on me nearly every time. I'm pretty sure it should not take 25 minutes to tat 4 split rings!


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Certificate attestation from Delhi have vital role in attestation process. Delhi(capital of India) is an important administrative unit of government of India. Most of the major ministries of Indian government are situated in Delhi. So it is having prime importance in the legalization sector.
Certificate attestation is a process which legalize a document and prove authenticity to that. The Ministry of External Affairs ( MEA) and many embassies are situated in Delhi. Generally the certificate verification process includes hrd attestation, mea attestation and finally embassy attestation.
1. HRD Attestation
The hrd attestation stands for Human Resource Development Department(HRD) attestation. HRD attestation is done from the respective states from which we take our certificates. Each state have its own hrd attestation department.
2. MEA Attestation
MEA stands for Ministry of External Affairs, located at New Delhi. MEA attest all types of documents that are legalized by HRD. The address of the office is as follows.
Ministry of External Affairs, Patiala House, Thilak marg, New Delhi.Telephone: 91-11-23387104 Fax: 91-11-23387281, 23782821 .
3.Embassy Attestation
If a person from India goes abroad for his/her job or studies, documents has to be authenticated by that country's embassy or consulate in India. it is mandatory for them to attest their documents in respective nation embassy or consulate in India. To get embassy or consulate attestation the document has to be attested by Human Resource Development Department (HRD) and Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).
Urogulf offers all types of certificate attestation services from departments like Notary, State Home Ministry, HRD, GAD, SDM, Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Embassy, Consulate.
The certificate attestation process is simple when we understand the procedure of attestation process. I hope this information would help you get your documents attested in a simple way. Thank you for reading this blog.
For more details please contact us: http://goo.gl/Yjdjfm


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LeBron James praises Kevin Durant while throwing shade at the Trail Blazers
It was hard for LeBron James to stay away from the topic of Kevin Durant on Wednesday night. The Cleveland Cavaliers had just lost Game 3 of the NBA Finals to Golden State Warriors, and the Warriors were driven by a standout performance from Durant. He scored 43 points, and received some incredible praise from LeBron.
"Kevin Durant is one of the best players I've ever played against, that this league has ever seen."
In his press conference on Thursday, LeBron couldn't avoid more questions about KD. One reporter asked him if he thought Durant was going to be a superstar back when LeBron faced him and the Oklahoma City Thunder in the 2012 NBA Finals. LeBron answered with an unqualified yes, and when he elaborated, he couldn't resist throwing some shade at the Portland Trail Blazers.
"Everybody knew that besides… Portland."
LeBron had some big things to say on KD.#NBAFinals pic.twitter.com/2v3AsALcF3
— NBA TV (@NBATV) June 7, 2018
Think the Trail Blazers still regret drafting Greg Oden No. 1 in the 2007 draft instead of Durant, who went No. 2? LeBron certainly thinks so, since he said "everybody knew" Durant was destined for greatness "… except Portland."
He did apologize to Portland after saying that, while smiling and almost cracking up. Sorry, Trail Blazers. You can't deny the truth.
– – – – – –
Liz Roscher is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email her at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow her on Twitter! Follow @lizroscher
More from Yahoo Sports:
• CharlesRobinson: Kap's legal team looks to turn tables on Trump
• This might be the craziest blooper in MLB history
• Dan Wetzel: Cavs have totally wasted the LeBron era
• Chris Mannix: Are the Warriors taking the fun out of the NBA?


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Today marks sixty years since 20 000 women marched in solidarity on the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa to protest the Apartheid government's pass laws. In doing so they forever highlighted the change-making capacity of women working collectively. In this video, South African women today take stock of where we are now while calling out sexism, calling for change, defining equality on their own terms, and saying what they want.
A Film By: Maxime Thaysen, Helen J. Raine, Alix-Rose Cowie, Jolynn Minnaar
Featuring: Lesoko Vuyokazi Seabe; Anja Venter; Amy and Frances Elliot Lester; Jabu Nadia Newman; Didintle Ntsie; Genevieve Putter, Adele Blank, Lisa Fisher; Femme: Kim Windvogel, Kelly Eve Koopman, Loren Loubser; Tshepo and Hadiya Moche
Edited by Melanie Golden at Deepend Post Production
Sound design by Christopher Carter at The Echo Department
Make-up artist: Gabrielle Kidwell
Equipment provided by Zootee Studios


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About Our Firm
We, Sai International, are an eminent manufacturer, supplier, trader, importer, exporter and wholesaler/ distributor of Wire Ropes, Galvanized Wire Ropes, CI Turnbuckle, Galvanized U Clamps, Fishing Wire Ropes and Stainless Steal Wire Rope Thimbles. Along with these, our firm offers Web Slings, D Shackles, Electric Hoist, Chain Pulley Blocks, Control Cables etc.
To serve customers products of their expectations, we always use A grade raw inputs in production process and abide international quality standards. Our products are assured of superior quality and serving a large number of application requirements due to their availability in varied sizes, models, grades and specifications.
The Galvanized Wire Ropes we offer are capable of withstanding voltage fluctuations & bearing heavy loads and acclaimed of their high tensile strength, splendid finishing and long lasting life. Our gamut of U Clamps and Shackles is praised for its resistance to wear & tear, anti-corrosive nature, tough construction and high durability.
Our Mission
We are a major manufacturer and global supplier of Wire Ropes and allied components. We are focused on providing high-quality, innovative and affordable products. Also, we follow a dedicated approach to customer service. We believe in offering our customers with best quality and value for money products.
Why Us?
Our quality and cost-effective products / services have gained us a trusted place in the global markets. There are some core factors that enable us to do the best possible in the industry:
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Create Content in MinutesGet Started For Free
i also bull dog which is another word for steer wrestling. its a very hard sport and you get hurt a lot. i do not really compete as much as i want too but that is okay. normally guys do this but i enjoy it a lot.
so not a lot of people know this about me but i am a big country girl. i barrel race for my uncle. i spend a lot of my time at his house practicing when i can and spending time with his animals. this is one of my fave things to do.
this is a fan fave. partying is a huge hobby of mine.
this video is of someone that means a lot to me. this is a family friend that i used to talk too a lot. his name is kimowan and he inspired me the most. he never gave up even with the struggles he had. he hoops and i am not talking about basket ball. he was diagnosed with cancer in his leg a long time ago but that never stopped him. he never used a car only when he had too and he always tried to walk even with the pain he had. he was also a art teacher for a university in north Carolina. he showed me the true meaning of art and he showed a lot of other people too. this song in the video also means a lot because i remember visiting him with my family and him bringing me outside to do some hoop dancing with him too this video.
i another things about me is that i have been singing for 10 year so i started when i was 5. i use singing to help me when i feel down or i sing just for fun. this song is my fave to sing because someone close to me that died from cancer loved this song. i guess u can say its multipurpose.
On this Episode of Edmonton Unplugged, Amanda Gendron. ___ so this is my cousin Amanda and it might seem weird that i am putting her as one of my links, she is very special to my family. when she was in grade 8 she had got a record deal for singing, she did not take the offer as she was still in school and wanted to get the education that she needed to graduate. as of today she still sings and keeps getting better and better. she has graduated and is now pursuing her dream of becoming an artist/singer. she has an album out and her best friend has sang with a bunch of famous artists. she is very talented and shown me to keep shooting for the stars and for my dreams and most of all she has shown me too never to give up. pursuing a talent like singing and making something big from it can be very hard but she has not given up yet. that is one thing to remember, do not give up.


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Dual SSD on iMac 21.5 mid 2010?
Is the Dual SSD replacement for the imac 21.5 Mid 2011 tutorial the same for the Imac 21.5 Mid 2010?
I've been searching and i always notice you refer to the mid 2011, but not to the Mid 2010.
I'm about to by a new SSD, but first of all, i want to be sure its able to replace it in my model.
Thank you!
Cette question est-elle utile ?


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Build me a gaming portal
Budget ₹75000-150000 INR
I am looking for a developer who has good knowledge and understanding of building a gaming portal both as desktop and mobile client. This would be almost a real time portal. e.g [url removed, login to view]
9 freelancers are bidding on average ₹134568 for this job
HI there, I have gone through the job description and I have understood it. I can design and develop dream11 website for you. I am a professional PHP developer with an experience of more than 5 years in creating and More
Hello, We have very good exposure in diff. Platforms and We are strongly looking to start with such good projects and looking for long term works too. We can start work on immediate basis. Our aim of bidding is to pr More
Hello Greetings from Girnarsoft! Thank you for posting the project. Have gone through your requirements and would like to work on this. I would like to update you that I have been working on the similar requi More
Development career started from 2010 and still having margin for make it more enjoyable, having good experience and update to date with all latest one, fully dedicated and looking for new work and new learning. Main More
Greetings, WE WILL DO THIS WORK AS PER YOUR REQUIREMENT AND EXPECTATIONS. With the experience of over 1600+ web development projects including ANDROID , iOS , WEBSITES , WEB APPLICATIONS AND SOFTWARES we are the fa More
We are a Team of Website Designers and Developers having expertise working with PHP and various CMS based on it like Drupal/Wordpress/Magento etc. The Team has worked oh PHP and all the related frameworks especially L More


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Exploring Factors Affecting Girls Education at Secondary Level: A Case of Karak District, Pakistan
Exploring Factors Affecting Girls Education at Secondary Level: A Case of Karak District, Pakistan - Download this document for free, or read online. Document in PDF available to download.
Journal of Education and Practice, v6 n19 p95-109 2015
The study examined the factors that affect girls' education at secondary school level in Karak District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). All the female heads, teachers and students serving and studying at secondary school level in Karak District constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only 30 girls' secondary schools in the same district. In order to ensure adequate representation of the population, 30 heads, 120 teachers and 480 students were selected randomly as a sample. Quantitative descriptive research designed was used. Data was collected through self-developed semi-structured questionnaire designed on five Point Likert Scale. Statistical tools i.e., percentage and chi-square were used for data analysis. It was concluded that there were various factors that affect girls' education. These were: unpunctuality of teachers; unfeasibility of school buildings; poor financial status of the parents; lack of basic facilities; marriage at early age; lack of parental attention; negative attitudes of parents about girls' education; illiteracy of the parents; lack of competent teachers; lack of basic facilities for teachers; lack of proper security arrangement; and long distance to school, etc. Based on findings, it was recommended that negative attitude towards female education should be discouraged through mass media. Early marriage culture should be banned. Secondary education should be made free and a special programme of scholarships should be lunched for female students. School buildings should be constructed on feasible and suitable places so that majority of the girls may be beneficialized.
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Females, Secondary School Students, Secondary School Teachers, Principals, Statistical Analysis, Questionnaires, Likert Scales, Teacher Attendance, Parents, Costs, Parent Background, Educational Attainment, Poverty, Parent Attitudes, Negative Attitudes, Gender Issues, Marriage, School Location, Proximity
IISTE. No 1 Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR. Tel: +852-39485948; e-mail: JEP[at]iiste.org; Web site: http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP
Author: Suleman, Qaiser; Aslam, Hassan Danial; Habib, Muhammad Badar; Yasmeen, Kausar; Jalalian, Mehrdad; Akhtar, Zaitoon; Akhtar, Basreen
Source: https://eric.ed.gov/?q=a&ft=on&ff1=dtySince_1992&pg=1602&id=EJ1079529


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What's the most valuable commodity in Marketing? Take a look at your favorite social media feed (and this is especially prevalent in the realms of Twitter or LinkedIn) and you might think, with the sheer volume of people proclaiming their undying love for their particular industry, that passion is most important driver of success.
You know the kind of thing:
I'm a passionate {insert job title here}, I ♥ my job :)
This is all very positive stuff – but sadly it doesn't tell me anything about you, your business or the products or services you provide. Yes – I'm delighted to hear that you love your job (and for the record – so do I) but what I really want to know is, are you any good at it?
Passion Doesn't Prove Anything
You just need to take a look at the opening heats of any television talent show (American Idol or The X-Factor) to see that passion alone doesn't get you very far if you don't have the talent and work ethic to take you to the next level.
I see this in my own life. As a student I played in a rock band. We were incredibly passionate about the music we played and the local music scene in which we were involved in - but this wasn't enough. We didn't get anywhere because we were rubbish (thankfully, for all music lovers out there – we all found new passions far beyond rock music).
Demonstrate Your Passions – Don't Just Shout About Them
The most passionate (and successful) marketers don't have to declare their absolute love for their careers for life from the nearest rooftop (or social media network), they demonstrate it through the campaigns they design, the emails they send, the blog posts they write, and social media messages they post.
They are able to demonstrate through the quality of their work that they know their customers, understand their often very specific needs and have real solutions to real problems. Nothing demonstrates passion more than simply delivering a great service. And when you do this, you won't need to remind anyone how passionate you are because it will be obvious.
How do you show the world how passionate you are about whatever you do? Share your comments below:


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MacBride is an excellent storyteller.
He manages to interweave every storyline with grittiness, violence, dark humour and very foul language! Afterall, he writes crime novels.
If you don't mind that, the suspenseful stories and characters are worth the read.
3rd book by Scottish Noir author, Very enjoyable read. Start with the first ( Cold Granite ), if you like that one then you will like this one. Very gritty storylines yet still laugh out loud. Not great literature but just something fun to read.
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The Lovett School is an independent, coeducational day school serving children from Kindergarten through Grade 12.
The school was established in 1926 by Mrs. Eva Edwards Lovett, an innovative educator who emphasized the development of the whole child. She began the school with just 20 boys and girls in Grades 1-3 at a former home, and today Lovett has more than 1,550 students from 78 different zip codes and 11 counties in the metropolitan area.
The school continually affirms Eva Edwards Lovett's founding vision of a progressive education rooted in learning, character, and community. Our mission is to graduate young men and women of honor, faith, and wisdom and prepare them to succeed in college and as responsible citizens of the world. We support this mission by offering our students integrated experiences in academics, arts, athletics, and service. Through these experiences, we seek to develop the whole child.
As a college-preparatory institution, our coursework is strong, and creative and critical thinking, intellectual curiosity, and a love of learning are major objectives. Our curriculum includes a required year of American Studies; options for African, Asian, and gender studies; and organic and biochemistry. We were one of the first schools in Georgia to offer the AP Chinese exam, the culmination of a Chinese studies program that begins in the Lower School. In addition, we offer a one-to-one laptop program in Grades 4-9, and single-gender classes in Grades 6-8. The Upper School offers 24 honors and 20 advanced placement courses, and all of Lovett's graduates are admitted to four-year colleges from coast to coast and internationally. Our faculty is committed to ongoing professional development and using best practices in their teaching. They strive to be positive role models and are dedicated to encouraging and supporting students in the pursuit of excellence. The average faculty teaching experience is 18 years.
Outside the classroom, Lovett encourages our students to discover themselves through the arts and athletics. The statistics bear this out: More than 90 percent of our student body participates in a Fine Arts activity during the year, and close to 80 percent of students in Grades 7-12 are members of at least one sports team.
The Lovett community is guided by the school's character pledge, which begins: "We, who are members of the Lovett community, seek to live lives of good character." Lovett welcomes students of many different faiths and backgrounds. Although not formally affiliated with any specific denomination, Lovett's philosophy is rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition and values and encourages a sense of responsibility to God, respect for diversity, service to others, and moral awareness.
We are committed to making positive contributions to society, for the betterment of our community, our environment, and our world, and thus service and sustainability are key. Our school's reach extends beyond Atlanta and into South America, where Lovett maintains 825 acres of Ecuadoran cloudforest as a preserve and research center. Closer to home, our Middle School is LEED-Gold certified, and school vehicles run on biodiesel converted from our cafeteria's used cooking oil.
Interested in learning more about Lovett? Then please visit the Apply section of our website.


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What if the robot apocalypse was beginning— subtly—in your own neighborhood?
Blue flashes and sinister clanking noises emanating from the junk abandoned near the otter habitat that Jim and his science-fair partner Rocky (short for Rochelle) plan to observe via remote camera turn out to be the remains of a defense research project. The fierce, Taser-armed, self-reprogramming dinobots don't make more than a fleeting appearance until the penultimate, climactic chapter, but since Jim and his friends take up robot construction and programming when the ottercams are stolen, it becomes clear early on that their skills will be put to use in ways larger than a local robot-fighting competition. The burnt-out buildings of the research company highlight the North Minneapolis setting of an urban neighborhood struggling with contemporary economic hardship. Scaletta provides his seventh-grade protagonists with complex back stories and gives them a fair amount of freedom to roam, sophisticated understanding of the adult world and plenty of smarts for learning how to code instructions for semi-autonomous robots. These young teens' own autonomy is a given—parents and adults close to them remain clueless. By the time Jim and his friends confront the robot menace with their own impressively armored fighting creation, they have mastered a fair amount of coding and hardware technology in robotics.
A deft mix of middle school drama and edgy techno thrills. (Science fiction. 11-14)


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Despicable Me Minion Rush
Race with the Minions in the award winning and fan favorite end less runner, Despicable Me: Minion Rush! Collect bananas as you jump, roll, dodge and scramble against others in fun-filled, fast-paced missions! Run as Carl, Jerry and Dave, get awesome costumes, play exciting mini-games and explore locations inspired by the Despicable Me movies!
• Run through iconic locations from the movie and discover secretareas
• Enjoy unexpected Minion moments, like becoming a MEGA-MINION and riding the FLUFFY UNICORN or GRU'S ROCKET
• Use hilarious weapons and power-ups while competing with otherplayers in Minion Races
• Battle exclusive villains such as Vector, El Macho and the Villaintriloquist
• Experience original animations, voice-overs and state-of-the-art3D graphics created just for the game
We've got an all-new Despicable Me: Minion Rush update!
– Join the NEW Special Mission, HUNTING FOR LOVE, where you run through beautiful MINION PARK.
– Collect Perfumes, Teddy Bears and Cupid Arrows to complete this special Valentine's Day-themed mission.
– Get the FAIRY PRINCESS COSTUME, inspired by the Despicable Me 2 movie.
– Go for a joy ride in the new LOVE SCOOTER mini-game to pick up even more items!
Free Purchase (Purchase or Upgrade Anything for Free Even if you have 0 Balance)
All The Costumes Unlocked/Can Be Unlocked
You can buy Blueprint items as well
How to Install On Mobile ?
- Download Despicable Me Apk Hack From below
- Install and Run Apk Normally on Your Device
- That's all in all. Enjoy, The Game !!
Download Links
More Info From PlayStore Direct Download Mod APK Download APK


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Cary Wintroub
Cary Wintroub graduated with a B.A. in Political Science from Washington University in St. Louis in 1975, earning the following honors: Phi Beta Kappa, Magna Cum Laude and National Political Honor Society. He graduated from DePaul Law School in 1978, after which he took a position in the Cook County States Attorney's Office.
In 1981, Cary left the Cook County States Attorney's Office and went into private practice, concentrating in personal injury law, which he still practices today. His practice is focused upon helping injured people get compensation deserved from those responsible. He is not afraid of difficult liability cases and has successfully obtained compensation for clients where other attorneys have failed. Cary prides himself on being available to his clients for all of their questions and needs.
Cary's many years of experience and concentration in the personal injury field has generated successful outcomes for thousands of clients. Cary is a devoted lawyer and litigator who brings his passion to deliver great results to every new matter. Cary's clients regularly refer their family and friends to handle their matters. Cary is married and has three daughters and three grandchildren.
To discuss your case with Cary, please call 312-726-1021 or e-mail him at email@example.com
Cary J. Wintroub & Associates
May 2008 – Present
At three different firms with concentration in personal injury law
April 1981 – April 2008
Assistant State's Attorney
Cook County State's Attorneys Office
September 1978 – April 1981
DePaul University College of Law
1975 – 1978
Washington University in St. Louis
B.A. Political Science
1971 – 1975
Phi Beta Kappa
Magna Cum Laude
National Political Honor Society
Illinois Trial Lawyers Association
2011 – Present
Health Law Institute Advisory Board at DePaul University College of Law
Board Member
2009 – Present
Federal Trial Bar
1984 – Present
Illinois State Bar Association
1978 – Present


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In Harmony, even the street names are an opportunity to honour the history and nature of our land. Streets in our first neighbourhood, called "The Meadows", are named exclusively after trees, shrubs and flowers that can be found in our region. Like Harmony, these are made to thrive in the specific conditions of this location, where the rolling prairies meet the foothills, and with the dramatic weather patterns that come with high elevations and big open skies.
Streets in "The Meadows" include:
Yarrow Gate – an herbaceous perennial historically used by plans First Nations groups for its medicinal purposes,specifically for pain and headache relief.
Junegrass Terrace – named after a slow growing and deer resistant grass species that covers large swaths of land. The plants grow spikes of purplish-green flowers in May and June.
Prairie Smoke Rise – this street's namesake is a low growing plant with wispy pods that bloom in early spring and give the appearance of smoke, staying low to the ground. Growing close to the ground, Prairie Smoke is attractive in gardens but has also been traditionally used by Plateau IndianTribes to treat tuberculosis.
Signage describing the inspirational plants of The Meadows will be popping up in Harmony over time, making the walk to your neighbours house for play time or coffee time enjoyable and educational. For now, you can also see all of our street names by looking at our lot map or, better yet, take a look for yourself next time you visit Harmony!
Be the first to know what's happening in Alberta's most anticipated new community


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- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Carbon nanomaterials as contrast agents for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy
© Dolci et al. 2015
- Published: 14 August 2015
- Breast Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Contrast Agent
- Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Imaging Performance
Nanotechnology is the promise to fight breast cancer (BC) more specifically and effectively [1]. In this context carbon nanomaterials (CNs) have attracted the scientific community and the public interest [2]. Common modalities for BC diagnosis are ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US is the most useful modality in the evaluation of palpable BC masses that are mammographically occult in women younger than 30's. Here we show CNs as highly and long lasting echogenic materials. Experiments on swine models confirmed that CNs are clearly visible under US and didn't exert toxicity. In the current market dual-imaging agents are missed; here we also demonstrate the immune-compatibility and high echogenic properties in water and in whole blood of cysteine functionalized super paramagnetic nanoparticles (CY-SPION), well-known MRI agents [3]. Thanks to these findings, and the ability to load CNs to many moieties [4–6], we propose dual-contrast agents, CNs-CY-SPION conjugates, to improve BC diagnosis. Future perspectives is to conjugate CN-SPION to targeted drugs against BC. In summary, we lay the foundations for novel contrast agents, for therapy and multimodal diagnosis of BC, combining high imaging performances with unique potential therapeutic applications, such as specific targeting capabilities, drug delivery, immunotherapy and hyperthermia.
Authors' Affiliations
- Avitabile E, Bedognetti D, Sgarella F, Delogu LG: Nanotechnology fight for breast cancer. (under preparation)Google Scholar
- Sechi G, Bedognetti D, Sgarrella F, Van Eperen, L, Marincola FM, Bianco A, Delogu LG: The perception of nanotechnology and nanomedicine: a worldwide social media study. Nanomedicine. 2014, 9 (10): 1475-86. 10.2217/nnm.14.78.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Dolci A, Ierardic V, Gradi A, Jagli Z, Remskard M, Apihd T, Cifellia M, Pampalonia G, Veracinia CA, Domenici V: Precursors of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents Based on Cystine-coated Iron-oxide Nanoparticles. Current Physical Chemistry. 2013, 3 (4): 493-500. 10.2174/18779468113036660009.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Delogu LG, Magrini A, Bergamaschi A, Rosato N, Dawson MI, Bottini N: Conjugation of antisense oligonucleotides to PEGylated carbon nanotubes enables efficient knockdown of PTPN22 in T lymphocytes. Bioconjug Chem. 2009, 18 (20): 427-431. 10.1021/bc800540j.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Delogu LG, Venturelli E, Manetti R, Pinna GA, Carru C, Madeddu R, Murgia L, Sgarrella F, Dumortier H, Bianco A: Ex vivo impact of functionalized carbon nanotubes on human immune cells. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012, 7 (2): 231-243. 10.2217/nnm.11.101.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Modugno G, Ménard-Moyon C, Prato M, Bianco A: Carbon nanomaterials combined with metal nanoparticles for theranostic applications. Br J Pharmacol. 2015, 172 (4): 975-91. 10.1111/bph.12984.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.