text:
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Assessment of angle velocity in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
© Escalada et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
- Received: 9 July 2009
- Accepted: 16 September 2009
- Published: 16 September 2009
The Erratum to this article has been published in Scoliosis 2009 4:23
Although it has been demonstrated that the peak height velocity (PHV) is a predictive factor of progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), little is known about the usefulness of angle progression in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between height and angle velocities, as well as to determine if peak angle velocity (PAV) occurs at the same time than PHV.
A retrospective study of a cohort of girls with idiopathic scoliotic curves greater than 10°. Data of 132 girls who participated in a previous retrospective study about growth in AIS were used to calculate height and angle velocities. Relationship between height and angle velocities was estimated by the use of a Linear Mixed Model.
PHV and PAV take place simultaneously 1 year before menarche in progressive curves managed with a brace in AIS. Changes in angle velocity are influenced by changes in height growth velocity, in such a way that as from 6 months post-menarche, height growth velocity in this group of girls estimates curve progression velocity (β-coefficient -0.88, p = 0.04).
As from 6 months post-menarche, there is an inverse relationship between height velocity and curve progression in the group of AIS girls with progressive curves managed with a brace. Because height velocity is decreasing from 1 year before menarche, this finding corroborates that at the end of puberty, there is still a risk of progression in this group of girls despite bracing. The assessment of both height and angle velocity might be useful in clinical practice at the time of assessing brace effectiveness and how long bracing has to be indicated.
- Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Cobb Angle
- Height Growth
- Curve Progression
- Observation Group
Many indicators of skeletal maturity and spinal growth have been proposed, such as chronological age, skeletal age of hand and wrist, Risser's sign, timing of menarche, peak height velocity (PHV) and others [1–8]. None of those has been proved to be accurate enough to predict spinal growth potential in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The PHV, defined as the most rapid growth rate during the early adolescent period, has been shown to have an important predictive value in curve progression much better than other maturity scales such as chronological age, age of menarche or Risser's sign [7]. Timing of the PHV provides valuable information on the likelihood of curve progression, but requirements for measuring the peak are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Therefore, the search of new indicators is not over [9, 10] and their knowledge might contribute to develop new methods to evaluate the end of the spinal growth.
The relationship between growth and curve progression still remains a controversial question in idiopathic scoliosis research. Although it is widely accepted that curve progression is driven to a great extent by spinal growth [1, 11], we are not aware of any evidence reporting that angle growth occurs at the same time as height growth. Working on the hypothesis that there is a relationship between height growth and curve progression, it would be reasonable to expect to also find a correlation between height velocity and angular velocity in such a way that when height growth velocity increases, so does curve progression velocity. Arising questions such as if the timing of peak angle velocity could be predictive of curve progression or if the use of PAV could be an indication of success or failure of brace management can not be answered at present.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a statistical relationship between height growth and curve progression as well as to determine the time of occurrence of the peak of maximum angle progression in AIS.
Data on cohort of 132 girls controlled in a rehabilitation clinics from 1990 to 2001 who participated in a retrospective study about growth in AIS previously carried out in our institution were eligible for inclusion. Although the methodology and procedures are all described in detail in our previous report [12], the most interesting points regarding Material and Methods are summarized as follows.
There were 389 children evaluated during this period of time, from which only 132 met the inclusion criteria:
- Girls with AIS
- Curve magnitude of more than 10° as measured by the Cobb method[13]
- Date of menarche well documented
- Minimum of 4 visits to our institution over a at least 2 years around the time of occurrence of menarche
The time interval subject to study was from 2 years before to 5 years after menarche. Height and Cobb angle measurements were performed at 6 (±3) month intervals. Height measurements were recorded by the nursing stuff. Patients to be measured hat to be standing, looking straight ahead and without wearing shoes or brace. Height was recorded in centimeters using a wall-mounted ruler with a perpendicular slide. The Cobb angle was measured from X-rays by a single senior clinician who carried out two measurements in order to reduce intraobserver variability [14]. All radiographs were posteroanterior projection with the patient standing and were always taken out of the brace in follow-up evaluations.
Treatment management categorized into three groups: observation, bracing and/or surgical treatment
Progression of the curve, progressive curves being defined as those increasing by at least 5 degrees per year during the follow-up time
Treatment management was recorded as a variable with 3 categories: observation, bracing with a thoracolumbosacral orthoses (TLSO) and/or surgical treatment. Patients observed over a period of time who later required bracing were first included in the observation group until the time that the brace was prescribed, and then transferred to the orthosis group as of that time. There were 3 girls initially treated with a brace who dropped out of the study when surgical treatment was required.
General characteristics of the sample (n = 132).
Age at time of diagnosis
11.6 (SD 2.47) years
Menarche age
12.8 (SD 1.18) years
Curve type:
25 (18.9%)
51 (38.6%)
25 (18.9%)
Double curves
31 (23.4%)
68 (51.5%)
64 (48.5%)
Curve length (number of vertebrae)
4 vertebrae
13 (9.8%)
5 vertebrae
47 (35.6%)
6 vertebrae
33 (25.0%)
7 vertebrae
24 (18.1%)
8 vertebrae
9 (6.8%)
9-13 vertebrae
6 (4.5%)
Cobb angle (at time of menarche)
Type of treatment:
88 (66.7%)
44 (33.3%)
Statistical analysis
Categorical variables are presented as percentage and absolute values. Quantitative variables are presented with their mean and standard deviation. Changes in angle velocity were evaluated in a Linear Mixed Model. The method used was a Restricted Maximum Lilkelihood where angle velocity was the dependent variable. Height growth velocity was included as a predictor, patient number as a random effect and moment as a fixed effect. Statistical analysis was performed by R-software version 2.62 [15]. The level of statistical significance was 0.05 for all hypothesis comparisons.
The mean follow-up time was 39.6 (SD 17.6) months (range: 18-87 months). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 11.6 (SD 2.5) years and the mean menarchal age was 12.8 (SD 1.9) years. The most frequently observed curves were lumbar (38.6%) with an average length of 6.0 (SD 1.5) vertebrae. Of the 132 participants in the study, 88 (66.7%) girls were managed with observation and only 44 girls (33.3%) were managed with a brace. The general characteristics of the sample are detailed in Table 1.
Distribution of curve patterns and Cobb angles (n = 132)
Observation group
Braced group
(n = 88)
(n = 44)
Curve type:
41 (46.6%)
10 (22.7%)
16 (18.2%)
9 (20.5%)
17 (19.3%)
9 (20.5%)
Double curve
14 (15.9%)
16 (36.4%)
Cobb angle:
- At time of maximal angle growth
(1 year before menarche)
- At time of menarche
Relationship between angle and height velocities
Braced group
Observation group
Premenarche period (2 years to menarche)
Post-menarche period (menarche to end of follow up)
This study examines the time of occurrence of peak angular velocity in a group of girls with AIS and looks for correlations between height velocity and angle velocity.
Before attempting any further discussion of these findings, some limitations of the present study should be noted. Many shortcomings appear whenever scoliosis and/or growth are studied [14, 16–20] and they are probably the reason for the shortage of prospective and conclusive studies on this subject. Prospective works are difficult to perform because of the long follow-up period and this is why most papers in medical literature are transversal studies or retrospective cohort studies. The work by Nachemson et al [14, 20] deserves especial mention as the only prospective work on the effectiveness of bracing in the treatment of AIS.
It is very difficult to form homogeneous samples as growth in girls with the same chronological age is very variable. Little [7] demonstrated that the height pattern is similar among girls with AIS when they are grouped according to PHV. Considering that in many cases, this PHV is unknown, for the purpose of this study girls were grouped using the date of menarche as the reference for comparing patients. Although mean age of diagnosis for this sample was 11.6 years (approximately 1 year before occurrence of menarche (mean 12.8, DE 1.2)), note that diagnosis was made in first evaluation 1 or 2 years after menarche in 50% of girls. Our results, as well as the data presented by Little [7] show that menarche occurs one year after PHV. Therefore, considering that the mean age of diagnosis was 11.6 years, this means that at the beginning of follow-up, the PHV had already taken place in 50% of cases.
Contrary to what the first observations [21] seemed to indicate, curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis is not linear. It is frequent to observe curves that remain stable for a time and from a point, and then start to progress. On the other hand, it is not unusual to observe short periods of progression in a growth spurt followed by stabilization. When studying angular velocities, a repeated angle increase of 0 was frequently observed, even in girls with progressive curves. This represented a handicap for the use of both parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and specially, those for univariate analysis. This conditioned the fact that, when searching for a correlation, calculations of r and R2 were not feasible and the authors had to make an approximation by using absolute values of height and angle instead of the height and angle velocities [10].
The authors would like to mention the inference of the brace in this sample. Although the period after menarche is a phase of growth deceleration, the effect of the brace is, in our opinion, partially responsible for the deceleration velocity after menarche in braced curves. As observed in Figures 1 and 3, there is an important decrease in angular velocities in the perimenarchal period followed by a second growth spurt which occurs during the 6-12 months after menarche. Even though a period called âge heureux (happy period) consisting of a period of a relative stabilization of the curve, followed by a second growth spurt has been described [22], we think that in the sample, this decreasing velocity was due to the brace effect. It is not unusual to observe important initial reductions with the use of the brace, and in posterior controls, to find that the curve has returned to its initial values. If the second peak of PAV observed in graphs correlates to the cessation of bracing in these patient is another question that deserves further research.
In this study, graphic assessment suggests a relationship between height growth velocity and curve progression velocity, though frequent progression in spurts did not allow a statistical relationship to be found between angle and height velocities. Nevertheless, this problem was partially solved by correlating absolute values of height and angle over a time interval. In our previous work [10], a statistically significant correlation between growth rates was noted up until 2.5 years after menarche, specially in AIS managed by observation (r = 0.632, p < 0.001).
In summary, we conclude that both PHV and PAV occur at the same time (1 year before menarche). Over this time is when most of bracing treatments are prescribed and when the brace is expected to have a maximum effect on angle velocity. Therefore, at 6 months post-menarche, there is an inverse relationship between height and angle velocities in the group of AIS girls with progressive curves managed with a brace. Considering this is a period of height deceleration, this finding indicates there is still a risk of progression in girls with moderate-severe curves despite bracing. The assessment of both height and angle velocity might be useful in clinical practice at the time of assessing brace effectiveness and how long bracing has to be indicated.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Joan Vila (Biostatistics from the Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain) for his expert statistical assistance and Rod V. Bowman for language revisions.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Frank Clegg, former Microsoft Canada President is now a leading advocate for safe technology in schools.
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ST. JOHN'S, NL— Nancy Barrington says she is "beyond happy."
Barrington, who is chair of the Swift Current Academy school council and mother of two Swift Current Academy students, was reacting to the news this afternoon that the school would not shut down.
At a public meeting, webcast live this afternoon, members of the board of directors of the Newfoundland and Labrador English School District (NLESD) voted against shutting down four of five schools that had been proposed for closure.
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In an interview with The Packet following today's vote, Barrington said, "Obviously, our children deserve the best education possible and we will always fight for what our children should have, but in the end it is about our children's safety and there is no price tag that can be attached to that.
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The NLESD full review process can be viewed at https://www.nlesd.ca/schools/schoolreview/index.jsp


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This step by step diy project is about how to build a tv stand. Building a tv stand is a complex project, but anyone can get the job done by using professional plans and quality materials. Don't forget that you should adjust the dimensions of the stand to your tastes and add a few finishing touches, as to match the style of the rest of the furniture. Adding the doors to the table will add an exquisite look to your project, but it requires complex skills.
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Made from this plan
Building a tv stand
- A – 4 pieces of 2×2 lumber – 4" long LEGS
- B – 2 pieces of 1×20 lumber – 19 3/4″ long SIDES
- C – 1 piece of 1×20 lumber – 47 1/4″ long, 2 pieces – 45 3/4″ long FRAME
- D – 1 piece of 1/4″ plywood – 20 1/2" x 47 1/4″ long BACK
- E – 4 pieces of 1×2 lumber – 23 1/2″ long, 4 pieces – 17 3/4″ long DOORS
- E – 2 pieces of 1/4″ glass – 18 1/4″x21″ long DOORS PANELS
- Safety gloves, glasses, Miter saw, jigsaw
- Chalk line, tape measure, spirit level, carpentry pencil
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- Apply several coats of wood stain to the wooden components
- Fill the holes with wood filler and smooth the surface
- One Day
How to build a tv stand
The first step of the project is to build the frame of the tv stand. As you can see in the image, we recommend you to build the components from 1×20 lumber and to lock them together with pocket screws. Drill the pocket holes at both ends of the side components and insert 1 1/4″ screws. Alternatively, drill regular pilot holes through the horizontal components and insert the screws into the sides.
The next step of the project is to install the shelves inside the frame. In order to get the job done in a professional manner, we recommend you to use 1×18 lumber. Drill pocket holes at both ends of the board and lock it to the side walls with 1 1/4″ galvanized screws. Adjust the height at which you place the shelf to suit your needs. Align the shelf to the back edges of the frame.
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Attach the doors into place and lock them to the frame with metal hinges. Install door knobs that match the style of your furniture.
The TV stand seen from the front. This project features a modern design, so it can match the style of any living room.
Last but not least, you need to take care of the finishing touches. Therefore, fill the holes with wood putty and let it dry out for several hours. Smooth the surface with medium-grit sandpaper and clean the surface with a dry cloth.
Thank you for reading our project about how to build a tv stand and we recommend you to check out the rest of the projects. Don't forget to share our projects with your friends, by using the social media widgets.


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Alva Oody celebrated her 100th birthday on Oct. 6.
Her family gave her a party at Riverside Baptist Church.
Around 100 family members and friends helped her celebrate.
Marvin and Levona "Granny Belle" Hickman of Oakdale announce the forthcoming marriage of their granddaughter, Brittany Hickman of Oakdale, to Josh Brown of Harriman.
He is the son of Tony and Stacey Brown of Harriman.
The ceremony will be at 1 p.m. Nov. 3 in Pine Orchard Baptist Church, Oakdale.
All relatives and friends are invited to attend.
The bride-elect is the daughter of the late Marvin Jackson Hickman Jr.
Braygan Remington Goss was born on Oct. 12 in Methodist Medical Center, Oak Ridge.
She weighed 7 pounds, 7 ounces.
She is the daughter of Amanda Nicole Goss and Charles Bradley Goss of Harriman.
Grandparents are Anita and Brad Goss, Roseanna and Andy Williams, Christy Greene and David Hall.
Braygan has a sibling, Amayah Hall.
Mary Lou Bradford will celebrate her 101st birthday with family and friends at Jamestown Assisted Living in Kingston on Oct. 24.
Born in Jackson County, Ala., she has been a resident of Kingston since 1940 and a member of Kingston United Methodist Church for 71 years.
Bradford has three living children, Dr. Mick Bradford of Charleston, S.C., Rosemary Alexander of Kingston and Frank Bradford of Chattanooga. Her deceased son, Bob Badger, practiced law in Kingston for many years.
Babies born at Methodist Medical Center, Oak Ridge, to Roane County parents:
Aug. 1 — Crystal and Tim Ingram, Oliver Springs. A boy, Cooper, 9 pounds, 3 ounces. Siblings: Parker and Landyn. Grandparents: Teiha and Eddie Ingram; Lanita Dillon Daugherty and John Daugherty; Troy Dillon.
Aug. 4 — Renee Hood and Steven Marney, Harriman. A boy, Mason, 6 pounds, 2 ounces. Sibling: Marley. Grandparents: Boots Hood; Tammy and Jason Crabtree; Benny and Debbie Marney.
Ricky and Tina Snow of Harriman announce the forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Jessica Nicole Snow, to Clint Alan Edmonds.
He is the son of George Alan and Debbie Edmonds of Harriman.
The ceremony will be at 3:30 p.m. Oc.t 6 in Union Chapel Baptist Church at 2740 Lawnville Road, Kingston. A reception will follow in the church's fellowship hall.
Invitations will be sent, but all relatives and friends of the couple are invited to attend.
Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Isham will celebrate their 70th wedding anniversary on Oct. 8.
Like so many couples of the "Greatest Generation," Isham and the former Wanda Delaney were married during the early days of World War II and spent their early moments together only during furloughs during the war years.
After the war, they made their home in their native Roane County and have spent 70 years of marriage in their South Harriman home.
Brycelyn Steven Hennager celebrated his fourth birthday on Sept. 11.
His party theme was Monster Truck Jam.
He is the son of Steven and Krystal Hennager of Ponchatoula, La., formerly of Rockwood.
Grandparents are David and Carolyn Thomas of Rockwood, and Ronnie and Tina Hennager of Ozone.
Great-grandparents are Marthalee Lowery, Bob Thomas and Dot Brown.
Jerry and Betty Purcell of Harriman will celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary on Oct. 6.
They were married in a Presbyterian church in Lake Station, Ind.
The couple has three children, seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
Lillyana Michelle Goad was born at 4:30 p.m. June 23 in Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center, Knoxville.
She weighed 6 pounds, 2 ounces, and was 20 inches long.
She is the daughter of Tressa Gibson and Travis Goad of Rockwood.
Grandparents are Tracie and Sean Gibson of Rockwood, and Karen and Lonnie Goad of Harriman.
Great-grandparents are Rolland and Beverly Gibson, Clara Pickard and Hazel Frederick.
Lillyana has a 1-year-old brother, Landyn James.
Copyright © 2019
The Roane County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Roane County and Kingston, Tennessee, and the surrounding area.


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Dr. Lynn Abrams, MD, practices Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism in Zephyrhills, FL. Dr. Abrams received her medical degree from Univ Of Pittsburgh Sch Of Med, Pittsburgh Pa 15261.
Specialty: Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism
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On Saturday I devoured calcots. Many, many calcots. They are a type of scallion that's grown in Catalonia. They're much bigger than your average scallion, closer to a leek in size. Apparently, back in the late 1800s, very smart peasant farmer started covering his scallions with earth so the edible white flesh grew and the inedible green leafiness at the top dwindled in proportion. The result is the onion of onions – the calcot. It puts scallions to shame.
A group of us met at Lauren and Lee's hostel at noon on Saturday, piled into two cars and headed about an hour and a half south of Barcelona. Mas Boronat, is a beautiful hacienda that throws epic calcotadas every weekend during peak calcot season, from November to April. Upon arrival, we arranged ourselves at the only long picnic table that wasn't already occupied and waited for the steaming platters of calcots to arrive. There were small dishes of olives, hazelnuts and romesco sauce on the table. The romesco sauce is the dipping sauce for the calcots – made with tomato, almonds, roasted red pepper, garlic, olive oil, and salt, all blended smooth. (It was so good, that I was still dipping my fingers into my bowl once the calcots were gone.) Out came the calcots, stacked high on big platters. They appeared to be burnt to a crisp, but peeling back the first layer of skin revealed the white onion flesh, ready for dipping. It's a seriously messy affair. Everyone wears a bib. Wine flows from what look like little glass teapots with long spouts called porrons. The idea is to tilt the porron just right, so a thin stream of wine shoots straight into your mouth. Ummm, not quite. Wine stained our chins, our fingers turned black from peeling off the first, charred layer of calcot skin and romesco sauce was everywhere. It felt simultaneously gluttonous and liberating.
Once we'd had our fill of calcots, we headed inside to an enormous lunch. Salad, sausage with garlic aoli, grilled lamb, roasted potatoes, pan con tomate and crema catalana (the Catalan version of creme brulee, with a touch of lemon) for dessert. Oh, and an endless supply of wine and Cava. Lauren, David, Jim and I digested by taking a walk in the vineyard just as the sun was setting (so civilized) and taking photos of ourselves jumping on our beds (not quite as civilized).
The rest of the night proceeded exactly how one would expect a calcotada would proceed – more food, more Cava and dancing. Only one unexpected event occurred. Circa midnight, Jim was spinning me on the dance floor, picked me up and then dropped me on my head. So, that wasn't fun. He had a hold on both of my arms so I was helpless. Of course he didn't mean to do any harm, but his dance move was in fact a danger move. I iced my cheek (the direct impact zone) for a while and cried a bit. It hurt. It could have been worse. And yet, we ended the night in good spirits, playing Apples to Apples until 3am.
The next morning, we stopped in a little town along the Mediterranean for paella before heading back to Barcelona. I dipped my toes in the sea. It was a perfectly sunny day. Later that afternoon when I returned to my little attic room, I felt like the time had come to move on from Barcelona and head south. I bought my flight to Granada and I'm scheduled to leave early Thursday morning. I'm planning on arriving at Finca La Loma, a farm near Benamargosa, on Saturday. I've been in contact with the owners – Jeanette, a German woman who is married to Antonio, a Spaniard. They have over 1,500 mango trees and a 13 month old baby. That's about all I know. Jeanette sent me an email this morning with thoroughly confusing directions to their finca from Granada. The buses don't run on Sunday, so if I get lost on Saturday, I could end up stranded somewhere between Granada and Benamargosa for a night. Fingers crossed I make it.
Tomorrow I'm hosting a thank you dinner party for my roommates, Anias and Edwin, and Lee and Lauren at the apartment. I think there will be at least nine of us. I'm still not sure what I'm going to make. Nothing too complex. I was thinking homemade pizza. Or maybe roasted chicken. But all the chickens at the market come with their heads still attached and their insides still inside. I'm not so sure how to handle that. Do I ask for "pollo sin cabeza, por favor?" Hmm. Regardless, it will be fun. It's the least I can do. And please, if you've got a good dinner suggestion, throw it out there!


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Katherine Jackson Breaks Her Silence [VIDEO]
Katherine Jackson, mother of the late Michael Jackson and the matriarch or the most famous musical family in history, broke her silence on Nightline. She discussed the reports of her "missing", the nasty custody battle over Michael's kids; Paris, Prince Michael, and Blanket Jackson - and the rumors of family holding her against her will for the sake of money.
Watch: Katherine Jackson Nightline July, 25, 2012
As the Jackson-family saga continues to get stranger and stranger, one has to wonder how it will all play out. We hope for all the best for the sake of the children involved!


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OMG, if you don't roll on the f*cking floor f*cking laughing your f*cking head off while watching this, you don't have a f*cking heart. LOL! I love how the grandma says "Oh Lord!" after every stanza, but keeps on reading every next expletive-ridden part with such gusto and curiosity. I want the f*cking book!
Anyway, here's the version read by Samuel L. Jackson:


text: On the 2nd LAST level of B.G.1 before you get to the top of the tower for the last fight. The "nice ghost" that tells you the whole story of the game. He talked about a sword that could be constructed from the walls of the castle and forged in the "black forge" or something (which is the name of the previous towers' level). What's he talkin' about? How does one get this sword. I doubt he's talkin' about the ONYX sword from the giant golem.


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People at Savannah: Giedre Kligyte Profile
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Hey, hi, hello! Ok, it's been far too long… for now, I'll blame it on my obsession over decorating our apartment for the holidays. Seriously, I don't think I've ever been so excited! All the pine scents, lights & copious amounts of hot cocoa. 😌🎄 Sheer perfection.
Like many folks, i delved into the holiday spirit by doing some mad shopping on Black Friday and Cyber Monday (which now extends into Tuesday, too!). Without question, my favorite finds this year were these mock turtlenecks from Old Navy! Plus, they're on sale right now for $8!
I can't say enough how much I love adding staples to my wardrobe. These mock tops are perfect because they're a casual enough fabric to wear with jeans or dress up a look with colored pants. They have a textured ribbed look, and are so warm as the temps are dropping it like it's… freezing. Plus, these mock tops are so fun with booties or mules! Like hi, yes. I'm also in love with mules. I'm thrilled these came back into the fashion whirl! They're incredible vintage yet chic for any outfit.
So what were your top Black Friday or Cyber Monday fashion finds?! What are your thoughts on be comeback of mules? I'd love to hear!


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Luxury automakers have a sedan problem.
Specifically, a lot of US buyers are not completely ignoring the segment, after building it up to awesome dimensions over the course of decades, beginning with the arrival of the legendary BMW 2002 back in the 1970s.
There's long-term dread in the air, as consumers both old and young abandon the classic handling traits of sporty Euro four-doors in favor of high-riding SUVs and crossovers. Some new car buyers in the luxury realm, weaned on Honda CR-Vs and Toyota RAV4s, won't even give a sedan a first look. A few carmakers are even talking about getting out of passenger cars altogether.
That said, automakers such as BMW, Mercedes, Audi, and Lexus — the luxury Big Four — remain committed to sedans, largely because they have to. You simply can't throw away something as impressive as the BMW 3-Series, the archetype of entry level luxury and seemingly forever the automotive gateway drug of choice for every newly minted Hollywood agent and East Coast junior law partner in the country, even as sales decline precipitously.
Furthermore, the Big Four's competition lower down the food chain can't take on the upper tier of luxury without compelling four-doors. Alfa Romeo is coming back the USA with the Giulia, and Jaguar has given us the XE.
We've had tons of fun with Jags in the past. So when the famous British marque let us borrow an XE 35t with all-wheel-drive, in "Polaris White" with the top R-Sport trim, we said, "Jolly good!"
Here's what we thought:
Photos by Hollis Johnson.
Jaguar obviously has something of a track record for producing fine-driving cars that offer something just a little bit different from other luxury brands. BMW M's, for example, can be pretty burly, as can the Mercedes AMGs. Audi's S cars are derived from the company's long history in rally racing. Lexus's F-Sports are beautifully bolted together and are rewarding to drive both fast and not-so fast.
Jag's are supposed to provide thrills with dignity — a well-dressed, grown-up package.
In this respect, the XE is a dandy piece of engineering. The design is winning, more suave than a Bimmer, less blingy than a Mercedes, cooler than a Lexus, more exciting than an Audi. For my money, the XE finds itself in aesthetic competition, really, with just the Maserati Ghibli. The Jag is a sexy British car, with all that entail, while the Ghibli is a sexy Italian car, with all that entails.
The XE 35t AWD R-Sport does its thing with an abundance of restraint. But does its thing nonetheless. The exhaust note is purposeful, the get-up-and-go is there on command, and the handling is crisp without being jerky or extreme. There's a lot of aluminum in the chassis, lightening the car up, but without making it feel insubstantial.
It's quietly different from the competition, but the question is, "Can it stand out with quiet confidence?"
The answer is, "Yes!" — but that might not be enough to thrive in this segment. My sense is that you really need to move up to the R-Sport trim to get satisfaction. I'm not sure that Jag's base model we be able to duke it out successfully with the rest of the luxe sedans on the road.
For me, considering an XE would be a no-brainer, and the lowest price level, at about $35,000, should be tempting. A no-frills R-Sport starts at around $50,000, and even when you start pushing toward $60,000, you're getting a lot of four-door for your dollars.
You could have said that the XE was an incredibly important vehicle for Jaguar, given the history of the segment. But over the past two years, the XE's thunder has been decisively stolen by the F-PACE, Jag's outstanding new SUV. The luxury market is shifting on its axis.
But that doesn't mean you don't need a compelling small sedan, if you have aspirations of taking on the market. And in that respect, the XE is exceptionally well-done. But you have to ask yourself if exceptional is enough to cut it.


text:
|Research Assistant Professor, Portland State University ‐ Mechanical & Materials Engineering
Research Interests
Research Works (13)
Microstructures and Stabilization Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Iron-Chromium Alloys with Hafnium ...
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (2015)
The low thermal stability of nanocrystalline metals severely limits their applications at high temperatures. In this study, we investigate the ...
Long-Term Stability of 14YT-4Sc Alloy at High Temperature
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations (2015)
14YT alloy (Fe-14Cr-0.25wt.%Y2O3-0.4wt.%Ti) with 4 at.% Sc addition was previously reported to exhibit a nanoscale microstructure and high strength when ...
A Predictive Model for Thermodynamic Stability of Grain size in ...
Journal of Applied Physics (2013)
This work presents a model for evaluating thermodynamic stabilization of ternary nanocrystalline alloys. It is applicable to alloy systems containing strongly segregating size-misfit solutes with a significantenthalpy of elastic strain and/or ...


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This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (July 2012)
7-Keto-DHEA acetate
|IUPAC name
|Other names
7-Oxo-DHEA; 7-Ketodehydroepiandrosterone; 7-Oxodehydroepiandrosterone; 3β-Hydroxyandrost-5-ene-7,17-dione; Androst-5-en-3β-ol-7,17-dione
3D model (JSmol)
PubChem CID
|Molar mass
|302.414 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|Infobox references
7-Ketodehydroepiandrosterone (7-keto-DHEA), also known as 7-oxoprasterone, is a prohormone produced by metabolism of the prohormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).[1] 7-Keto-DHEA is not directly converted to testosterone or estrogen, and has thus been investigated as a potentially more useful relative of DHEA.[2][3] It is often used as the acetate ester prodrug 7-keto-DHEA acetate.
While in vitro and animal studies have suggested potential uses for 7-keto-DHEA in humans, there is currently limited scientific evidence to support its use as a weight-loss aid, muscle-builder, immune stimulant, or for any other clinical use.[4] One randomized, placebo-controlled research study on dieting and exercising healthy overweight individuals found 7-keto-DHEA significantly increased body-weight loss and fat-loss.[5] 7-Keto-DHEA is marketed as a dietary supplement with the implication that it may accelerate weight loss, increase metabolism, enhance memory, or prevent age-related changes. When used in a topical (skin lotion) product 7-keto-DHEA caused long-lasting changes in the body's levels of testosterone, epitestosterone, estradiol, and other steroid hormones.[6] Researchers have raised concern that supplements may trigger positive tests for performance-enhancing drugs.[7][8]
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists 7-keto-DHEA as a prohibited anabolic agent.[9]
7-Keto-DHEA is under development for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[10]
Effects and uses[edit]
7-Keto-DHEA is unique among other derivatives of DHEA because of its oxygenated 7-position. This molecular configuration imparts different characteristics to the molecule, and research reveals that 7-keto-DHEA has multiple distinct effects in the body.
Increased metabolism/weight loss[edit]
7-Keto-DHEA demonstrates documented thermogenic activity in rats. This is accomplished through the activation of three thermogenic enzymes: Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Malic Enzyme and Fatty Acyl CoA Oxidase.[2][11][12][13] In keeping with the biological definition of thermogenesis, all three of these enzyme activations drive energy-producing substrates in a direction of less efficient ATP production relative to heat production. The enzymes also promote the utilization of fat stores for energy and heat production. This is the basis for the ability of 7-keto-DHEA to enhance thermogenesis and, through that mechanism, accelerate the utilization of fat stores for energy.
A 2007 study demonstrated that administration of 7-keto-DHEA to overweight adults in conjunction with a calorie-restricted diet effectively reverses the decline in resting metabolic rate (RMR) normally associated with dieting. 7-Keto-DHEA demonstrated an ability to increase RMR by 1.4% above baseline levels and demonstrated a 5.4% increase in daily RMR when administered with a calorie-restricted diet.[14]
7-Keto-DHEA achieves this thermogenic effect without cardiovascular or central nervous system side effects, which are commonly seen with stimulant-associated thermogenic agents.[3][14]
Although the aging process affects all of the segments of the immune system, investigators have identified abnormalities in the cellular or T-cell mediated immune function in the elderly.[15] The decline in T-cell immune function is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections.[15] For example, individuals with age-related declines in cellular immunity have an impaired response to influenza vaccine, making them more susceptible to getting the "flu" even though they have had their flu shot.
In a clinical study presented at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology meeting in April 2004, the effect of 7-keto-DHEA was evaluated in regard to its effect on elderly immune function.
7-Keto-DHEA has been the subject of a series of toxicological evaluations. These studies include: AMES Mutagenicity Test, Acute Oral Dose LD50 in Rats, Escalating Dose Oral Gavage in Rhesus Monkeys and 28 Day Oral Gavage in Rhesus Monkeys.[16][17]
There were no adverse effects in any of these studies. This pre-clinical work was followed by a Phase I safety study in humans performed by Davidson and colleagues at the Chicago Center for Clinical Research.[3] This study was published in Clinical Investigative Medicine and indicated that 7-keto-DHEA was safe for human consumption at doses up to 200 mg per day for 4 weeks. As in the toxicological studies, there were no serious adverse reactions or hormone related side effects reported. Data on the safety of long-term use (beyond 4 weeks) are lacking.[3]
In addition, a complete pharmacokinetic analysis was completed as part of this study. This pharmacokinetic analysis describes exactly how the body absorbs, metabolizes, distributes and excretes 7-keto-DHEA. It reveals that 7-keto-DHEA is rapidly absorbed and converted to its sulfate derivative, it reaches peak plasma concentrations in 2.2 hours and has a half-life of 2.17 hours and there is no accumulation with repeated dosing.[3]
To date, there have been two pre-market notifications filed with the FDA announcing intent to market 7-keto-DHEA as a dietary ingredient. These notifications had to demonstrate to FDA's satisfaction that there is no issue with the safety of the subject ingredient. The FDA had no objection, in each of these notifications, to the marketing and sale of 7-keto-DHEA.[18]
Similar to DHEA, 7-keto-DHEA is rapidly sulfated to 7-keto-DHEA sulfate in the body. An analytical method was developed for quantification of 7-keto-DHEA sulfate in human plasma. This was an HPLC method, which utilized calibration curves for 7-keto-DHEA sulfate in the range of 10 to 500 ng/ml.
Trough levels were measured after each escalating dose sequence; 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg per day. Trough plasma concentrations increased proportionally to the daily dose. Mean trough levels (15.8 ng/ml) after 1 week of dosing at 200 mg/day were similar to those determined after 4 weeks of dosing (16.3 ng/ml). This indicated that the ratio of the formation rate of this metabolite to its elimination clearance is constant during multiple dosing and does not accumulate.
After a twelve-hour washout period, all 22 subjects were given a single dose of 7-keto-DHEA at 100 mg and plasma levels were obtained at 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 12.0 hrs after the dose. The mean plasma concentrations as measured in the study demonstrated a peak plasma level of 158 ng/ml, which occurred at 2.2 hours after the dose. The average elimination half-life was determined to be 2.17 hours. Based on the data, the dosing regime of twice per day was recommended as the ideal dosing schedule with steady state blood levels being the goal.
A one-compartment model was assumed with first order absorption and no lag phase. The results of these simulations using this pharmacokinetic model showed that there was good agreement between: a) the simulated and measured means of the trough plasma levels, and b) the plasma concentrations of a single 100 mg oral dose.
The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that 7-keto-DHEA is rapidly absorbed and converted to its sulfate derivative, it reaches peak plasma concentrations in 2.2 hours, and it has a half-life of 2.17 hours. There is no accumulation with repeated dosing and, with twice daily dosing, should reach a steady state plasma level in 11 hours.
7-Keto-DHEA has a number of chemical names, including:
- 7-Ketodehydroepiandrosterone (7-keto-DHEA)
- 7-Oxodehydroepiandrosterone (7-oxo-DHEA)
- 7-Ketoprasterone
- 7-Oxoprasterone
- 3β-Hydroxyandrost-5-ene-7,17-dione
- Androst-5-en-3β-ol-7,17-dione
For the acetate ester:
- 3β-Acetoxyandrost-5-ene-7,17-dione
- 7-Oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone acetate (7-oxo-DHEA acetate)
- 3-Acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone (3-acetyl-7-oxo-DHEA)
- DHEA acetate-7-one
- Δ5-Androstene-3β-acetoxy-7,17-dione
Note: "Keto" can be substituted for "oxo" in the above names.
To search for possible metabolites of DHEA that might have greater biological activity, greater specificity, and fewer propensities to form sex hormones, Dr. Lardy initiated a program assaying the derivatives of DHEA. The activity of 150 of these metabolites was monitored by measuring the induction of two thermogenic enzymes, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malic enzyme. The results of this landmark study were published in the journal Steroids in 1998[2] and revealed that many of these steroids did not induce the activity of these thermogenic enzymes, whereas the 7-keto-DHEA metabolite did. In fact, 7-keto-DHEA was 2.5 times more active than DHEA at inducing the activity of these thermogenic enzymes. In later work by Marenich,[19] it was discovered that the urinary excretion of 7-keto-DHEA declines with age in a similar manner to its parent compound, DHEA. Based on these discovered advantages, the 7-keto-DHEA metabolite was chosen for further study as a weight loss ingredient.
Society and culture[edit]
7-Keto-DHEA is legal to sell in the United States as a dietary supplement.[citation needed] It currently has two premarket notifications with the FDA.[18] Commercial sales of 7-keto-DHEA as a dietary ingredient began in June 1998.
See also[edit]
- List of investigational anxiolytics
- 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 7α-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
- 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
- ^ Worrel ME; Gurkovskaya OV; Leonard ST; Lewis PB; Winsauer PJ (June 2011). "Effects of 7-keto dehydroepiandrosterone on voluntary ethanol intake in male rats". Alcohol. 45 (4): 349–54. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.020. PMC 3095668. PMID 21051179.
- ^ a b c Lardy, H; Kneer N; Wei Y; Partridge B; Marwah P (1998). "Ergosteroids II: Biologically Active Metabolites and Synthetic Derivatives of Dehydroepiandrosterone". Steroids. 63 (3): 158–165. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(97)00159-1. PMID 9558717.
- ^ a b c d e Davidson, M; Marwah A; Sawchuk RJ; Maki K; Marwah P; Weeks C; Lardy H (2000). "Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study with Escalating Doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in Healthy Male Volunteers". Clin. Invest. Med. 23 (5): 300–310. PMID 11055323.
- ^ "7-Keto DHEA". WebMD. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ^ Kalman; Colker; Swain; Torina & Shi (2000). "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of 3-Acetyl-7-Oxo-Dehydroepiandrosterone in Healthy Overweight Adults". Curr Therap Res. 61 (7): 435–442.
- ^ Sulcová J; Hampl R; Hill M; Stárka L; Novácek A (2005). "Delayed effects of short-term transdermal application of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on its metabolites, some hormonal steroids and relevant proteohormones in healthy male volunteers". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 43 (2): 221–7. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2005.038. PMID 15843221.
- ^ Delbeke FT; Van Eenoo P; Van Thuyne W; Desmet N (December 2002). "Prohormones and sport". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 83 (1–5): 245–51. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00274-1. PMID 12650722.
- ^ "7-Keto DHEA". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Thomson Healthcare. July 10, 2011.
7-Keto-DHEA is reported to be an anabolic androgenic steroid that may be subject to abuse in sport.
- ^ "The World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List January 2018" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
- ^ 7-Oxoprasterone - Humanetics - AdisInsight
- ^ Bobyleva V; Kneer N; Bellei M; Battelli D; Lardy HA (June 1993). "Concerning the mechanism of increased thermogenesis in rats treated with dehydroepiandrosterone". J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 25 (3): 313–21. doi:10.1007/BF00762592. PMID 8349575.
- ^ Bobyleva V; Bellei M; Kneer N; Lardy H (May 1997). "The effects of the ergosteroid 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on mitochondrial membrane potential: possible relationship to thermogenesis". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 341 (1): 122–8. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.9955. PMID 9143361.
- ^ Lardy H; Partridge B; Kneer N; Wei Y (July 1995). "Ergosteroids: induction of thermogenic enzymes in liver of rats treated with steroids derived from dehydroepiandrosterone". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (14): 6617–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.14.6617. PMC 41569. PMID 7604042.
- ^ a b Zenk JL; Frestedt JL; Kuskowski MA (September 2007). "HUM5007, a novel combination of thermogenic compounds, and 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone: each increases the resting metabolic rate of overweight adults". J. Nutr. Biochem. 18 (9): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.008. PMID 17418559.
- ^ a b Castle SC (August 2000). "Clinical relevance of age-related immune dysfunction". Clin. Infect. Dis. 31 (2): 578–85. doi:10.1086/313947. PMID 10987724.
- ^ Lardy H; Henwood SM; Weeks CE (January 1999). "An acute oral gavage study of 3beta-acetoxyandrost- 5-ene-7,17-dione (7-oxo-DHEA-acetate) in rats". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254 (1): 120–3. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9907. PMID 9920743.
- ^ Henwood SM; Weeks CE; Lardy H (January 1999). "An escalating dose oral gavage study of 3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-ene-7, 17-dione (7-oxo-DHEA-acetate) in rhesus monkeys". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254 (1): 124–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9908. PMID 9920744.
- ^ a b U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "95S-0316: 75-Day Premarket Notifications for New Dietary Ingredients". Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ Marenich LP (1979). "[Excretion of testosterone, epitestosterone, androstenedione and 7-ketodehydroepiandrostenedione in healthy men of different ages]". Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) (in Russian). 25 (4): 28–31. PMID 157483.


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I get inundated with emails on a regular basis. Sometimes, they break my heart. Truly; they make me cry.
It seems that even among our own, we are a lost people. Life is hard; and people are, basically, selfish creatures. Just today I got another impassioned email from an aborisha who has been with her godfather for 10 years. She went to his house today with candles to present to his orisha. She's going through a hard time, and just wanted to give a blue plate, two blue seven-day candles, and two coconuts to Yemayá to ask for her blessings – no more, no less – to just ask for blessings to help her through a difficult financial period. Her godfather, who I'm sure had his reasons, would not let her present the prayer without a derecho of $77.00. After buying the plate, coconuts, and candles, she had $3.00 left to her name. Her godfather turned her away. His rationale: his ashé was worth something; and to him that something was $77.00.
It has always been my belief that religion and spirituality are free. It has always been my belief that prayer is free; and if a godchild accentuates that prayer with something simple like candles and coconuts, it is still part of the prayer and should be free. Only ceremonies cost money. At least that's my belief; and I couldn't care less about those who feel otherwise. I can't count the number of times my own godchildren have come to me with issues, and my home is their home; my home is my temple, and it is their temple as well. I've never turned anyone away from making simple ebós and prayers to my orishas because they didn't have money, and I'm often surprised, and thankful, when my godchildren offer both me and my orishas small gifts "just because" their fortunes have suddenly turned.
So, after much thought and prayer (and divination on the subject), I've decided to open my home as a temple and place of prayer to anyone who needs it.
No, that doesn't mean that anyone off the street can just come to my house any hour of any day or night and start throwing themselves to my orishas, but prayer is such a simple thing, and a powerful thing. Sometimes all it takes is a candle and a heartfelt prayer made by an olorisha to make the biggest changes in our lives. The Lucumí faith is about more than chickens and goats; it's about good behavior, good character, and, yes, prayer. With a plate, two lit candles, two coconuts, and heart-felt prayer entire empires can be built. Lives can be changed. The sick can be healed. And we can all find peace.
If anyone finds themselves in need of prayer, please, contact me and we'll make arrangements for your petition to find its way to my orishas. You can send your plate, two candles, two coconuts, and a written prayer to my orishas and I will put it in front of them on your behalf. Of course, nothing in life is totally free – work does demand payment – and for those of you who want novenas lit to my orishas, all I ask is that you send two seven day candles in addition to your own as payment so that I, too, can give light to my own orishas when they need it.
If you're in need of a healing, spiritual support, prayer, or any other blessing in your life, don't hesitate to contact me and we'll make arrangements for you to send what the orishas need to my home. And each day when I approach my orishas for my own daily worship, I'll make sure that your petition goes to the appropriate orisha and, maybe, they'll work a miracle in your life.
This religion is about more than money. It is about supporting each other in our times of need. I consider it a part of my ministry to pray for my abures – and prayer is a powerful thing. Feel free to reach out to me here on facebook or at the following email address: firstname.lastname@example.com. We'll work out the details when you write.
After months of people writing to me about the problems they face and how their own godparents won't so much as let them offer a plate, candle, and coconuts without spending ridiculous amounts of money, I'm just over it. And as an olorisha who loves not only the orishas but also those who worship them, I'm ready to do my own small part to help people find the hope and happiness they need.
Ócháni Lele.


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Within the IT infrastructure markets, acquiring talented engineers and consultants can be both difficult and time consuming.
We understand the importance of finding the right individual at the right time. So, at Franklin Fitch, we invest the time it takes to fully understand your business drivers, team values and technical requirements. This enables us to sincerely partner with you to secure the best talent in the market for you to grow your team.
Tailored approach
We know that recruitment cannot be a 'one size fits all' approach so we will establish how you want to work and offer honest and open feedback as to which approach we believe will yield the best results for your business.
Competitive advantage
We offer our clients a competitive advantage when hiring. We continually add candidates to our trusted networks, and as our talent pool grows, so does our delivery capability. We build lasting relationships formed on trust and commitment.
We have extensive experience working with a wide range of clients from small start-up businesses through to global corporate enterprises, service providers and solutions providers (and everything in between). We are adaptable in our approach but consistent in our service.
Our goal is to streamline the recruitment process for our clients, saving time, money and ultimately allowing our clients to focus on the things that make their businesses great.
Are you looking for exceptional talent for your team?


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Well, I'm glad its done!
About halfway through the process, I started wondering what I had been thinking.
I was thrilled when I read that Carrie's pattern for Jersey Girl called for light charms along with dark ones.
Once I started sewing together the two inch squares I had cut, I started thinking that there wasn't enough contrast between the light and the dark fabrics and that my light fabrics were just too busy for a quilt with such small pieces.
All that fabric cut up and some of it sewn together. Why not just finish it?
The more I sewed the better it was looking to me and by the time I got the borders on, I was pretty happy with it!
The darker parts of the blocks don't stand out as much as I as expecting and it doesn't have the same look as some of the other amazing finished Jersey Girl quilts I've seen so far, but I do like the look of it.
It was definitely one of those quilts that didn't turn out like I expected it to, but I guess that's part of the fun of it!
It's growing on me.
In a few days Sherri and Sinta will host the next Schnibbles parade.
As always, I'm looking forward to seeing the wonderful variety of quilts that can come out of a single pattern.
It's so inspiring to see the differences in what everyone chooses!
This weekend you can find me at the soccer fields every day for my son's regional tournament.
Luckily, this one is close to home. Maybe I can even sneak in a little sewing in between games!
At home of course, not on the field!


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SAMI Bitumen Technologies manufactures a vast range of bitumen based products. These include a full range of standard grade road maintenance products through to high performance specialised polymer modified products for use in spray sealing, asphalt and for waterproofing applications. SAMI is able to assist with the development of bitumen related products for any industry type.
Multigrade Bitumen
SAMIfalt Multigrade Plus is an un-modified multigrade bitumen with greatly improved temperature susceptibility compared to standard bitumens.
Aggregate Pre-coat
SAMIcoat Premium Cost effective, universal pre-coating system suitable on all aggregate types.
Bitumen Emulsions
As being part of Colas SA, the world leaders in emulsion technology, SAMI Bitumen Technologies is able to draw on a vast level of experience and knowledge
Asphalt Binders
SAMIfalt asphalt grade binders are speciality grade binders that have been used extensively in Australia and exhibited proven performance over two decades.
Rejuvenation and Surface Enrichment techniques are used to increase the binder content of an existing sprayed seal surface where aggregate exposure is severe due to loss of binder caused by binder oxidation, erosion or by other means.
Sealing Binders (including SAM's and SAMI's)
SAMIseal sealing grade binders are polymer modified binders designed for the harshest Australian road conditions.
Crack & Joint Sealants
Crack & Joint sealing is an integral part of any pavement maintenance programme to prevent the deterioration of a cracked pavement by water ingression.
Cutback Bitumen
A full range of Cutback Bitumen is available using Bitumen and Cutter which complies with AS2008 and AS3568
Dust Suppressant
Dust-A-Side Australia is the only Australian company that provides a complete range of dust control products and services truly capable of delivering Total Dust Control Management across any operation.


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Sold Out
Measurements: D 2.75" X H 3.75" / 7.5oz
No. 08 - Summer Breeze
Brand P.F Candle Co
This product is unavailable
Imagine the patio doors on your bungalow, at a faraway lush island, are swung open, allowing the warm breeze of ocean and tropical flowers and foliage to waft in. We love this fragrance as a little departure from the every day.
The specifics: floral notes are the first thing to nose - tuberose, orchid, awapuhi and gardenia. With a heart of sandalwood and a light vanilla musk as a base, and essential oils of anise and lime giving a harmonious finish: this candle is a bit like a tropical vacation in a jar.
Measurements: D 2.75" X H 3.75" / 7.5oz
(burns clean for 40+ hours)
- For best burning results, we recommend burning for 3-4 hours at a time. Allow the melted wax to reach the edges of the jar to prevent the wax from building up and "tunneling". Allow candle to cool completely before handling.


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Production Assistant
- Employer
- Hearst Television
- Location
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Salary
- competitive
- Posted
- Sep 12, 2018
- Function
- Production
- Specialty
- News & Journalism, Producer, Television & Film
- Metro Area
- Pittsburgh
- Duration
- Full Time
WTAE-TV, the Hearst-owned ABC affiliate in Pittsburgh, PA is now accepting applications for a part-time STAGEHAND. Applicants should have strong television studio experience.
Job Responsibilities:
· Must have knowledge of computerized teleprompting system for live
and taped television programs.
· Set up and execution of studio productions.
· Maintain broadcast studios and related studio areas.
· Other duties as assigned.
Experience Requirements:
· Knowledge of set construction a plus.
Qualifications Requirements:
- Candidates must be willing to work varied shifts—overnight, holidays and weekends included.
- Must be a member of the International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees union Local #3 or be willing to join the union by tendering initiation fee and monthly dues as required by I.A.T.S.E, Local #3 to maintain employment.


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Thor (1966-11)
Thor is a fictional character, a superhero that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Journey into Mystery #83 (Aug. 1962) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee, scripter Larry Lieber, and penciller Jack Kirby.
Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character is based on the god Thor of Norse mythology. He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series, and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers, appearing in each volume of that series. The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series, clothing, toys, trading cards, video games, and movies.
The 2011 film Thor, based on the character and comic, was directed by Kenneth Branagh and starred Chris Hemsworth as Thor. Hemsworth reappears as Thor in The Avengers and Thor: The Dark World as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Thor placed 14th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time in 2011


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The Lookers Mercedes-Benz dealership network is well established in the West Midlands as a supplier of the German brand's fine cars through first-class customer service. Since 1972 we have been helping motorists to find and service their preferred luxury model, and the wider group's experience in business stretches back even further. The original company began trading in 1922 as a supplier of Ford's legendary Model T, and we've continued to refine our approach from that year to the present day.
At Lookers, we're completely committed to customer service, we understand the different needs of motorists and how to meet them. As a four-time winner of Mercedes-Benz Retailer of the Year our abilities speak for themselves, while our offering is comprehensive.
We stock both the latest Mercedes-Benz models and a superb collection of Approved Used cars to serve a broad variety of motorists. We also support them and you with manufacturer-standard aftersales assistance that cares for your model to the high standards you expect. This is true no matter what you need your Mercedes for, whether private use, as part of a business fleet or as a Motability vehicle.
We strive to make choosing your next Mercedes enjoyable and maintaining it straightforward. Our dealership staff are employed for their friendly professionalism, and we empower them to assist you in any way they can. This approach separates us from other franchise dealerships and is experienced at each of our seven sites across the West Midlands. Today we are based in Stafford, Stoke, Shrewsbury, Stourbridge, Worcester, Walsall, and Wolverhampton.


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We know that you have a lot of choices when it comes to self-storage. So why choose Dove Valley? Here are a few reasons we are the best in the business:
At Dove Valley Storage, we pride ourselves on offering the most affordable rates in Southeast Denver. In addition all of our contracts are month-to-month. We don't encourage long-term rates – we simply provide the best customer service coupled with the lowest rates to keep you as our client!
Unlike most storage units, we have constructed our facility so large moving vans and trucks fit into our self-storage area. This saves both you and your moving company a lot of time and manpower when you are moving into one of our units!
Our on-site security system at Dove Valley Storage is state of the art, and provides you with the peace of mind you need to feel that your valuables are as secure as possible, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
We are the only Colorado storage facility that has all storage components in one location. By providing parking and self storage all in one location, all you need to do is make one stop and we will take care of everything!
Dove Valley Storage is a locally owned and operated company, and we provide the best customer service in all of Denver. If you have any questions, we are here to help you!
Do you have more questions or need a quote? Simply call us today at 303-799-7399 or email us at email@example.com and we will be happy to help you with all of your storage needs.


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Gunpoint Robbery of East Orange Beauty Salon Reported
Submitted by RLS Staff on Jan 15 2017 - 9:54am.
East Orange authorities are investigating an armed robbery reported at a beauty salon in the city on Saturday.
The incident was reported in the single digit block of North Harrison Street shortly before 5:30 p.m. sending police to the scene where they began to search for two black male suspects who entered the establishment armed with guns and conducted the robbery.
According to reports, both men wore masks with one of the suspects armed with a gun.
The suspects ran from the store in an unknown direction.
There were no physical injuries immediately reported.


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By Jacqueline Bigar
ARIES (March 21-April 19): Your fiery energy, when focused, can eliminate more work for you. Others note your efficiency and seem to want to tap into it.
TAURUS (April 20-May 20): You might feel pushed to get your errands done. You will reach your goal, but you could feel drained by the end of it.
GEMINI (May 21-June 20): Your ability to move through a problem and resolve it emerges. You have entered an excellent period in which you are able to prioritize your time.
CANCER (June 21-July 22): Be more forthright in what you do and how you do it. Don't underestimate what is happening. Remain more upbeat.
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22): You will want to head in a new direction, but you could get hit with so many distractions that you might not accomplish your goal. Use the delay well. Understand and embrace the power of slowing down.
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22): A call from a loved one might intrigue you. As a result, you'll be encouraged to move through some work more quickly than usual.
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22): You come up with some unique ideas that seem to work better than the present set of plans. Convincing someone else of that fact could be difficult.
SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21): You might feel as if you need to make a major change. What you do not realize is that you have been changing slowly and are in the midst of a personal transformation.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21): Note the relaxed mood around you. Return calls and get into the social nature of the moment.
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19): Postpone meetings unless they deal with financial matters. Stay in that realm, and you will see the benefits quickly.
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): A friend will play into a decision where you could be waffling. Try to get as much done as possible. Do not hesitate to ask for more information.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20): You might not be sure how to handle what you are hearing. Just make sure you get all the facts before making a decision. If need be, speak to an expert.


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Welcome to Champion Movers
We offer Local Moving Services in Las Vegas
Between work and home, finding the silver lining in the midst of relocation is difficult. The good news, moving locally in Las Vegas isn't a drastic change in comparison to a long-distance move. With moving companies like us, we have the workforce to deliver the best services in town from packing, hauling, to unpacking.
Because we use the latest tools in the business, each task becomes as easy as riding a bike. No distance has stopped us since we've helped people that are moving from Henderson to Las Vegas. The distance may feel overwhelming, and at times, it may even seem impossible. We understand that relocating from one home to another is a change like no other. Still, we put your comfort to the highest standards as we continue to exude expectations. When moving becomes strenuous, our team can alleviate the load.CALL TODAY (702) 876.2343
The Winning Move!
It doesn't matter whether you're downsizing or upsizing your property. Moving from Las Vegas to Henderson calls for a celebration. It's a celebration of change and the beginning of a new chapter. So, when you're looking for a team you can trust, we have the solution to your issues.
In fact, no job is too small or too big for us to handle as we've focused our attention on big and small moves. That's right; we're experienced in the residential and commercial move.
Whether you're relocating your family or business, we take care of the labor as you handle the important tasks. We treat your valuables with respect as our team carefully manages every item. Choosing us is like choosing family because we will treat you like one. Your business is important to us as we provide you with solutions to make a smooth move. In fact, we've applied a series of packages in insurance to ensure all your belongings are safe throughout the entire process. Of course, our agents will work with you to discuss the plans that are according to your preference. And when you don't have space in your new home, we have one for you!
Ask about our storage plans as all your things are safely stowed away until you're ready to retrieve them. Simply give us a call, and we can schedule an appointment at your earliest convenience. Here at Champion Movers, we're the winning move. We do this by utilizing strategic plans that make all moves safe and secure. In addition to that, we offer professional packing services that guarantee an unforgettable move. In all our efforts, we have you in mind. The benefits of moving with a company like us are endless. There's less work, and the hassle of moving is close to none.
Regardless of the distance, we'll take you wherever you need to go in the Las Vegas Valley. We make every move count, and because we care about your convenience, we're offering a free quote! With Champion Moving, there's nothing like a stress-free move.CALL TODAY (702) 876.2343
Outstanding Reputation
Champion Movers Las Vegas would like to take this moment to thank you for your interest in our company and our services. While we feel our reputation and quality of service is second to none, we also understand your need as a consumer to compare rates, services and reputations of other companies.
To ensure that the company you are inquiring on is legal, we strongly recommend contacting the United States Department of Transportation. This is the governing body that oversees the moving and storage industry. The Better Business Bureau is also an excellent resource to check a company's reputation.
That company must also meet all state requirements to be a member of the BBB. The following phone numbers and links are for your convenience to help with your inquiries on a successful move.