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UC Irvine; Author, Deep
the laws of physics
Feynman held that philosophy of science is as useful to
scientists as ornithology is to birds. Often this is so.
But the unavoidable question about physics is — where
do the laws come from?
hoped that God had no choice in making the universe. But
philosophical issues seem unavoidable when we hear of the "landscape" of
possible string theory models. As now conjectured, the
theory leads to 10500 solution universes — a horrid
violation of Occam's Razor we might term "Einstein's nightmare."
once thought that the laws of our universe were unquestionable,
in that there was no way for science to address the question.
Now I'm not so sure. Can we hope to construct a model of
how laws themselves arise?
scientists dislike even the idea of doing this, perhaps
because it's hard to know where to start. Perhaps ideas
from the currently chic technology, computers, are a place
to start. Suppose we treat the universe as a substrate
carrying out computations, a meta-computer.
that precise laws require computation, which can never
be infinitely exact. Such a limitation that might be explained
by counting the computational capacity of a sphere around
an "experiment" that tries to measure outcomes
of those laws. The sphere expands at the speed of light,
say, so longer experiment times give greater precision.
Thinking mathematically, this sets a limit on how sharp
differentials can be in our equations. A partial derivative
of time cannot be better than the time to compute it.
a sense, there may be an ultimate limit on how well known
any law can be, especially one that must describe all of
space-time, like classical relativity. It can't be better
than the total computational capacity of the universe,
or the capacity within the light sphere we can see.
wonder if this idea can somehow define the nature of laws,
beyond the issue of their precision? For example, laws
with higher derivatives will be less descriptive because
their operations cannot be carried out in a given volume
over a finite time.
the infinite discreteness required for formulating any
mathematical system could be the limiting bound on such
discussions. There should be energy bounds, too, within
a finite volume, and thus limits on processing power set
by the laws of thermodynamics. Still, I don't see how these
arguments tell us enough to derive, say, general relativity.
we need more ideas to derive a Law of Laws. Can we use
the ideas of evolution? Perhaps invoke selection among
laws that penalize those laws that lead to singularities — and
thus taking those regions of space-time out of the game?
Lee Smolin tried a limited form of this by supposing universes
reproduce through black hole collapses. Ingenious, but
that didn't seem to lead very far. He imagined some variation
in reproduction of budded-off generations of universes,
so their fundamental parameters varied a bit. Then selection
could work.
a novel of a decade ago, Cosmo, I invoked intelligent
life, rather than singularities, to determine selection
for universes that can foster intelligence, as ours seems
to. (I didn't know about Lee's ideas at the time.) The
idea is that a universe hosting intelligence evolves creatures
that find ways in the laboratory to make more universes,
which bud off and can further engender more intelligence,
and thus more experiments that make more universes. This
avoids the problem of how the first universe started, of
course. Maybe the Law of Laws could answer that, too?
Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford University
our languages shape the nuts and bolts of perception,
the very way we see the world?
used to think that languages and cultures shape the ways
we think. I suspected they shaped they ways we reason and
interpret information. But I didn't think languages
could shape the nuts and bolts of perception, the way we
actually see the world. That part of cognition seemed
too low-level, too hard-wired, too constrained by the constants
of physics and physiology to be affected by language.
studies started coming out claiming to find cross-linguistic
differences in color memory. For example, it was
shown that if your language makes a distinction between
blue and green (as in English), then you're less likely
to confuse a blue color chip for a green one in memory. In
a study like this you would see a color chip, it would
then be taken away, and then after a delay you would have
to decide whether another color chip was identical to the
one you saw or not.
course, showing that language plays a role in memory is
different than showing that it plays a role in perception. Things
often get confused in memory and it's not surprising that
people may rely on information available in language as
a second resort. But it doesn't mean that speakers
of different languages actually see the colors differently
as they are looking at them. I thought that if you
made a task where people could see all the colors as they
were making their decisions, then there wouldn't be any
cross-linguistic differences.
was so sure of the fact that language couldn't shape perception
that I went ahead and designed a set of experiments to
demonstrate this. In my lab we jokingly referred
to this line of work as "Operation Perceptual Freedom." Our
mission: to free perception from the corrupting influences
of language.
did one experiment after another, and each time to my surprise
and annoyance, we found consistent cross-linguistic differences. They
were there even when people could see all the colors at
the same time when making their decisions. They were
there even when people had to make objective perceptual
judgments. They were there when no language was involved
or necessary in the task at all. They were there
when people had to reply very quickly. We just kept
seeing them over and over again, and the only way to get
the cross-linguistic differences to go away was to disrupt
the language system. If we stopped people from being
able to fluently access their language, then the cross-linguistic
differences in perception went away.
of Psychology, Provost, Senior Vice President, Tufts University
as Stretching the Mind
used to believe that a paramount purpose of a liberal education
was threefold:
Stretch your mind, reach beyond your preconceptions;
learn to think of things in ways you have never thought
2) Acquire tools with which to critically
examine and evaluate new ideas, including your
own cherished ones.
3) Settle eventually on a framework or set
of frameworks that organize what you know and believe
and that guide your life as an individual and a leader.
Stretch your mind, reach beyond your preconceptions;
learn to think of things in ways you have never thought
2) Acquire tools with which to critically
examine and evaluate new ideas, including your
own cherished ones.
3) Settle eventually on a framework or set
of frameworks that organize what you know and believe
and that guide your life as an individual and a leader.
still believe #1 and #2. I have changed my mind about #3.
I now believe in a new version of #3, which replaces the
above with the following:
Learn new frameworks, and be guided by them.
b) But never
get so comfortable as to believe that your frameworks
are the final word, recognizing the strong psychological
tendencies that favor sticking to your worldview. Learn
to keep stretching your mind, keep stepping outside your
comfort zone, keep venturing beyond the familiar, keep
trying to put yourself in the shoes of others whose frameworks
or cultures are alien to you, and have an open mind to
different ways of parsing the world. Before you critique
a new idea, or another culture, master it to the point
at which its proponents or members recognize that you
get it.
Learn new frameworks, and be guided by them.
b) But never
get so comfortable as to believe that your frameworks
are the final word, recognizing the strong psychological
tendencies that favor sticking to your worldview. Learn
to keep stretching your mind, keep stepping outside your
comfort zone, keep venturing beyond the familiar, keep
trying to put yourself in the shoes of others whose frameworks
or cultures are alien to you, and have an open mind to
different ways of parsing the world. Before you critique
a new idea, or another culture, master it to the point
at which its proponents or members recognize that you
get it.
into a framework is easy. The brain is built to perceive
the world through structured lenses — cognitive
scaffolds on which we hang our knowledge and belief systems.
your mind is hard. Once we've settled on a worldview that
suits us, we tend to hold on. New information is bent to
fit, information that doesn't fit is discounted, and new
views are resisted.
'framework' I mean any one of a range of conceptual or
belief systems — either explicitly articulated or
implicitly followed. These include narratives, paradigms,
theories, models, schemas, frames, scripts, stereotypes,
and categories; they include philosophies of life, ideologies,
moral systems, ethical codes, worldviews, and political,
religious or cultural affiliations. These are all systems
that organize human cognition and behavior by parsing,
integrating, simplifying or packaging knowledge or belief.
They tend to be built on loose configurations of seemingly
core features, patterns, beliefs, commitments, preferences
or attitudes that have a foundational and unifying quality
in one's mind or in the collective behavior of a community.
When they involve the perception of people (including oneself),
they foster a sense of affiliation that may trump essential
features or beliefs.
changed my mind was the overwhelming evidence of biases
in favor of perpetuating prior worldviews. The brain maps
information onto a small set of organizing structures,
which serve as cognitive lenses, skewing how we process
or seek new information. These structures drive a range
of phenomena, including the perception of coherent patterns
(sometimes where none exists), the perception of causality
(sometimes where none exists), and the perception of people
in stereotyped ways.
family of perceptual biases stems from our being social
animals (even scientists!), susceptible to the dynamics
of in-group versus out-group affiliation. A well known
bias of group membership is the over-attribution effect,
according to which we tend to explain the behavior of people
from other groups in dispositional terms ("that's just
the way they are"), but our own behavior in much more complex
ways, including a greater consideration of the circumstances.
Group attributions are also asymmetrical with respect to
good versus bad behavior. For groups that you like, including
your own, positive behaviors reflect inherent traits ("we're
basically good people") and negative behaviors are either
blamed on circumstances ("I was under a lot of pressure")
or discounted ("mistakes were made"). In contrast, for
groups that you dislike, negative behaviors reflect inherent
traits ("they can't be trusted") and positive behaviors
reflect exceptions ("he's different from the rest"). Related
to attribution biases is the tendency (perhaps based on
having more experience with your own group) to believe
that individuals within another group are similar to each
other ("they're all alike"), whereas your own group contains
a spectrum of different individuals (including "a few bad
apples"). When two groups accept bedrock commitments that
are fundamentally opposed, the result is conflict — or
the brain has other systems that allow us to counteract
these tendencies to some extent. This requires conscious
effort, the application of critical reasoning tools, and
practice. The plasticity of the brain permits change -
within limits.
assess genuine understanding of an idea one is inclined
to resist, I propose a version of Turing's Test tailored
for this purpose: You understand something you are inclined
to resist only if you can fool its proponents into thinking
you get it. Few critics can pass this test. I would also
propose a cross-cultural Turing Test for would-be cultural
critics (a Golden Rule of cross-group understanding): before
critiquing a culture or aspect thereof, you should be able
to navigate seamlessly within that culture as judged by
members of that group.
rejecting #3, you give up certainty. Certainty feels good
and is a powerful force in leadership. The challenge, as
Bertrand Russell puts it in The History of Western
Philosophy, is "To teach how to live without certainty,
and yet without being paralyzed by hesitation".
of the philosophy of art, University of Canterbury, New Zealand,
editor of Philosophy and Literature and Arts & Letters
Self-Made Species
appeal of Darwin's theory of evolution — and the
horror of it, for some theists — is that it expunges
from biology the concept of purpose, of teleology, thereby
converting biology into a mechanistic, canonical science.
In this respect, the author of The Origin of Species may
be said to be the combined Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler
of biology. Just as these astronomers gave us a view of
the heavens in which no angels were required to propel
the planets in their orbs and the earth was no longer the
center of the celestial system, so Darwin showed that no
God was needed to design the spider's intricate web and
that man is in truth but another animal.
how the standard story goes, and it is pretty much what
I used to believe, until I read Darwin's later book,
his treatise on the evolution of the mental life of animals,
including the human species: The Descent of Man.
This is the work in which Darwin introduces one of the
most powerful ideas in the study of human nature, one that
can explain why the capacities of the human mind so extravagantly
exceed what would have been required for hunter-gatherer
survival on the Pleistocene savannahs. The idea is sexual
selection, the process by which men and women in the
Pleistocene chose mates according to varied physical and
mental attributes, and in so doing "built" the human mind
and body as we know it.
Darwin's account, human sexual selection comes out looking
like a kind of domestication. Just as human beings domesticated
dogs and alpacas, roses and cabbages, through selective
breeding, they also domesticated themselves as a species
through the long process of mate selection. Describing
sexual selection as human self-domestication should
not seem strange. Every direct prehistoric ancestor of
every person alive today at times faced critical survival
choices: whether to run or hold ground against a predator,
which road to take toward a green valley, whether to slake
an intense thirst by drinking from some brackish pool.
These choices were frequently instantaneous and intuitive
and, needless to say, our direct ancestors were the ones
with the better intuitions.
there was another kind of crucial intuitive choice faced
by our ancestors: whether to choose this man or that woman
as a mate with whom to rear children and share a life of
mutual support. It is inconceivable that decisions of such
emotional intimacy and magnitude were not made with an
eye toward the character of the prospective mate, and that
these decisions did not therefore figure in the evolution
of the human personality — with its tastes, values,
and interests. Our actual direct ancestors, male
and female, were the ones who were chosen by each other.
theory of sexual selection has disquieted and irritated
many otherwise sympathetic evolutionary theorists because,
I suspect, it allows purposes and intentions back into
evolution through an unlocked side door. The slogan memorized
by generations of students of natural selection is random
mutation and selective retention. The "retention" in
natural selection is strictly non-teleological, a matter
of brute, physical survival. The retention process of sexual
selection, however, is with human beings in large measure
purposive and intentional. We may puzzle about whether,
say, peahens have "purposes" in selecting peacocks with
the largest tails. But other animals aside, it is absolutely
clear that with the human race, sexual selection describes
a revived evolutionary teleology. Though it is directed
toward other human beings, it is as purposive as the domestication
of those wolf descendents that became familiar household
Pleistocene man who chose to bed, protect, and provision
a woman because she struck him as, say, witty and healthy,
and because her eyes lit up in the presence of children,
along with every woman who chose a man because of his hunting
skills, fine sense of humor, and generosity, was making
a rational, intentional choice that in the end built much
of the human personality as we now know it.
evolution is therefore structured across a continuum. At
one end are purely natural selective processes that give
us, for instance, the internal organs and the autonomic
processes that regulate our bodies. At the other end are
rational decisions — adaptive and species-altering
across tens of thousands of generations in prehistoric
epochs. It is at this end of the continuum, where
rational choice and innate intuitions can overlap and reinforce
one another, that we find important adaptations that are
relevant to understanding the human personality, including
the innate value systems implicit in morality, sociality,
politics, religion, and the arts. Prehistoric choices honed
the human virtues as we now know them: the admiration of
altruism, skill, strength, intelligence, industriousness,
courage, imagination, eloquence, diligence, kindness, and
so forth.
revelations of Darwin's later work — beautifully
explicated as well in books by Helena Cronin, Amotz and
Avishag Zahavi, and Geoffrey Miller — have completely
altered my thinking about the development of culture. It
is not just survival in a natural environment that has
made human beings what they are. In terms of our personalities
we are, strange to say, a self-made species. For me this
is a genuine revelation, as it puts in a new genetic light
many human values that have hitherto been regarded as purely
Social & Technology
Network Topology Researcher; Adjunct Professor, NYU Graduate
School of Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP)
and Science
I was a science geek with a religious upbringing, an Episcopalian
upbringing, to be precise, which is pretty weak tea as
far as pious fervor goes. Raised in this tradition I learned,
without ever being explicitly taught, that religion and
science were compatible. My people had no truck with Young
Earth Creationism or anti-evolutionary cant, thank you
very much, and if some people's views clashed with scientific
discovery, well, that was their fault for being so fundamentalist.
we couldn't rely on the literal truth of the Bible, we
needed a fallback position to guide our views on religion
and science. That position was what I'll call the Doctrine
of Joint Belief: "Noted Scientist X has accepted Jesus
as Lord and Savior. Therefore, religion and science are
compatible." (Substitute deity to taste.) You can
still see this argument today, where the beliefs of Francis
Collins or Freeman Dyson, both accomplished scientists,
are held up as evidence of such compatibility.
in compatibility is different from belief in God. Even
after I stopped believing, I thought religious dogma, though
incorrect, was not directly incompatible with science (a
view sketched out by Stephen Gould as "non-overlapping
magisteria".) I've now changed my mind, for
the obvious reason: I was wrong. The idea that religious
scientists prove that religion and science are compatible
is ridiculous, and I'm embarrassed that I ever believed
it. Having believed for so long, however, I understand
its attraction, and its fatal weaknesses.
Doctrine of Joint Belief isn't evidence of harmony between
two systems of thought. It simply offers permission to
ignore the clash between them. Skeptics aren't convinced
by the doctrine, unsurprisingly, because it offers no testable
proposition. What is surprising is that its supposed
adherents don't believe it either. If joint beliefs were
compatible beliefs, there could be no such thing as heresy.
Christianity would be compatible not just with science,
but with astrology (roughly as many Americans believe in
astrology as evolution), with racism (because of the number
of churches who use the "Curse of Ham" to justify
racial segregation), and on through the list of every pair
of beliefs held by practicing Christians.
get around this, one could declare that, for some arbitrary
reason, the co-existence of beliefs is relevant only to
questions of religion and science, but not to astrology
or anything else. Such a stricture doesn't strengthen the
argument, however, because an appeal to the particular
religious beliefs of scientists means having to explain
why the majority of them are atheists. (See the 1998 Larson
and Witham study for the numbers.) Picking out the minority
who aren't atheists and holding only them up as exemplars,
is simply special pleading (not to mention lousy statistics.)
works that changed my mind about compatibility were Pascal
Boyer's Religion Explained, and Scott Atran's In
Gods We Trust, which lay out the ways religious belief
is a special kind of thought, incompatible with the kind
of skepticism that makes science work. In Boyer and Atran's
views, religious thought doesn't simply happen to be false
-- being false is the point, the thing that makes belief
both memorable and effective. Psychologically, we overcommit
to the ascription of agency, even when dealing with random
events (confirmation can be had in any casino.) Belief
in God rides in on that mental eagerness, in the same way
optical illusions ride in on our tendency to overinterpret
ambiguous visual cues. Sociologically, the adherence to
what Atran diplomatically calls 'counter-factual beliefs'
serves both to create and advertise in-group commitment
among adherents. Anybody can believe in things that are
true, but it takes a lot of coordinated effort to get people
to believe in virgin birth or resurrection of the dead.
are early in one of the periodic paroxysms of conflict
between faith and evidence. I suspect this conflict will
restructure society, as after Galileo, rather than leading
to a quick truce, as after Scopes, not least because the
global tribe of atheists now have a medium in which they
can discover one another and refine and communicate their
of the key battles is to insist on the incompatibility
of beliefs based on evidence and beliefs that ignore evidence.
Saying that the mental lives of a Francis Collins or a
Freeman Dyson prove that religion and science are compatible
is like saying that the sex lives of Bill Clinton or Ted
Haggard prove that marriage and adultery are compatible.
The people we need to watch out for in this part of the
debate aren't the fundamentalists, they're the moderates,
the ones who think that if religious belief is made metaphorical
enough, incompatibility with science can be waved
away. It can't be, and we need to say so, especially to
the people like me, before I changed my mind.
and Design Pioneer
Software is merely a Performance
It is a charming concept that humans are in
fact able "to change their mind" in the first place.
Not that it necessarily implies a change for the better,
but at least it does have that positive ring of supposing
a Free Will to perform this feat at all. Better, in any case,
to be the originator of the changing, rather than having
it done to you, in the much less applaudable form of brain
For me, in my own life as I passed the half-century
mark, with almost exactly half the time spent in the US and
the other in Europe, in-between circling the globe a few
times, I can look back on what now seems like multiple lifetimes
worth of mind changing.
Here then is a brief point, musing about the
field I spent 20 years in: Computer Software. And it is deeper
than it may seem at first glance.
I used to think "Software Design" is
an art form.
I now believe that I was half-right:
it is indeed an art, but it has a rather
short half-life:
Software is merely a performance art!
A momentary flash of brilliance, doomed to
be overtaken by the next wave, or maybe even by its own sequel.
Eaten alive by its successors. And time...
This is not to denigrate the genre of performance
art: anamorphic sidewalk chalk drawings, Goldsworthy pebble
piles or Norwegian carved-ice-hotels are admirable feats
of human ingenuity, but they all share that ephemeral time
limit: the first rain, wind or heat will dissolve the beauty,
and the artist must be well aware of its fleeting glory.
For many years I have discussed this with friends
that are writers, musicians, painters and the simple truth
emerged: one can still read the words, hear the music and
look at the images....
Their value and their appeal remains, in some
cases even gain by familiarity: like a good wine it can improve
over time. You can hum a tune you once liked, years later.
You can read words or look a painting from 300 years ago
and still appreciate its truth and beauty today, as if brand
new. Software, by that comparison, is more like Soufflé:
enjoy it now, today, for tomorrow it has already collapsed
on itself. Soufflé 1.1 is the thing to have, Version
2.0 is on the horizon.
It is a simple fact: hardly any of my software
even still runs at all!
Back in 1982 I started with a highschool buddy
in a garage in the Hollywood hills. With ludicrous limitations
we conjured up dreams: three-dimensional charting, displaying
sound as time-slice mountains of frequency spectrum data,
annotated with perspective lettering... and all that in 32K
of RAM on a 0.2Mhz processor. And we did it... a few years
later it fed 30 people.
The next level of dreaming up new frontiers
with a talented tight team was complex algorithms for generating
fractals, smooth color gradients, multi layer bumpmapped
textures and dozens of image filters, realtime liquid image
effects, and on and on... and that too, worked and this time
fed over 300 people. Fifteen products sold many millions
of copies - and a few of them still persist to this day,
in version 9 or 10 or 11... but for me, I realized, I no
longer see myself as a software designer - I changed my mind.
Today, if you have a very large task at hand,
one that you calculate might take two years or three... it
has actually become cheaper to wait for a couple of generation
changes in the hardware and do the whole thing then - ten
times faster.
In other words: sit by the beach with umbrella
drinks for 15 months and then finish it all at once with
some weird beowulf-cluster of machinery and still beat the
original team by leaps and bounds. At the start, all we were
given was the starting address in RAM where video memory
began, and a POKE to FC001101 would put a dot on the screen.
Just one dot.
Then you figured out how to draw a line. How
to connect them to polygons. How to fill those with patterns.
All on a screen of 192x128, ( which is now just "an
Uphill in the snow, both ways.
Now the GPUs are blasting billions of pixels
per second and all they will ask is "does it blend?" Pico,
Femto, Atto, Zepto, Yocto cycles stored in Giga, Tera, Peta,
Exa, Zetta, Yotta cells.
I rest my case about those umbrella drinks.
Do I really just drop all technology and leave
computing ? Nahh. QuadHD screens are just around the corner,
and as a tool for words, music and images there are fantastic
new horizons for me. I am more engaged in it all than ever — alas:
the actual coding and designing itself is no longer where
I see my contribution. But the point is deeper than just
one mans path:
The new role of technology is a serious philosophical
point in the long range outlook for mankind. Most decision
makers world wide, affecting the entire planet, are technophobes,
luddites and noobs beyond belief. They have no vision for
the potential, nor proper respect for the risks, nor simple
estimation of the immediate value for quality of life that
technology could bring.
Maybe one can change their mind?
I remembered that I once wrote something about
this very topic...
and I found it:
I changed my mind mostly about changing my mind:
I used to be all for 'being against it',
then I was all against 'being for it',
until I realized: thats the same thing....never mind.
It's a 'limerickety' little thing from some keynote 12 years
ago, but...see.... it still runs : )
University of Delaware; co-director of the Project for the
Study of Intelligence and Society.
Calculus of Small but Consistent Effects
an empiricist, science brings many surprises. It has continued
to change my thinking about many phenomena by challenging
my presumptions about them. Among the first of my assumptions
to be felled by evidence was that career choice proceeds
in adolescence by identifying one's most preferred options;
it actually begins early in childhood as a taken-for-granted
process of eliminating the least acceptable from further
consideration. Another mistaken presumption was that different
abilities would be important for performing well in different
occupations. The notion that any single ability (e.g., IQ
or g) could predict performance to an appreciable
degree in all jobs seemed far-fetched the first time I heard
it, but that's just what my own attempt to catalog the predictors
of job performance would help confirm. My root error had
been to assume that different cognitive abilities (verbal,
quantitative, etc.) are independent—in today's terms,
that there are "multiple intelligences." Empirical
evidence says otherwise.
most difficult ideas to change are those which seem so obviously
true that we can scarcely imagine otherwise until confronted
with unambiguous disconfirmation. For example, even behavior
geneticists had long presumed that non-genetic influences
on intelligence and other human traits grow with age while
genetic ones weaken. Evidence reveals the opposite for intelligence
and perhaps other human traits as well: heritabilities actually increase with
age. My attempt to explain the evolution of high human intelligence
has also led me to question another such "obvious truth," namely,
that human evolution ceased when man took control of his
environment. I now suspect that precisely the opposite occurred.
Here is why.
innovation itself may explain the rapid increase in human
intelligence during the last 500,000 years. Although it has
improved the average lot of mankind, innovation creates evolutionarily
novel hazards that put the less intelligent members of a
group at relatively greater risk of accidental injury and
death. Consider the first and perhaps most important human
innovation, the controlled use of fire. It is still a major
cause of death worldwide, as are falls from man-made structures
and injuries from tools, weapons, vehicles, and domesticated
animals. Much of humankind has indeed escaped from its environment
of evolutionary adaptation (EEA), but only by fabricating
new and increasingly complicated physical ecologies. Brighter
individuals are better able not only to extract the benefits
of successive innovations, but also to avoid the novel threats
to life and limb that they create. Unintentional injuries
and deaths have such a large chance component and their causes
are so varied that we tend to dismiss them as merely "accidental," as
if they were uncontrollable. Yet all are to some extent preventable
with foresight or effective response, which gives an edge
to more intelligence individuals. Evolution requires only
tiny such differences in odds of survival in order to ratchet
up intelligence over thousands of generations. If human innovation
fueled human evolution in the past, then it likely still
does today.
of my presumptions bit the dust, but in the process exposed
a more fundamental, long-brewing challenge to my thinking
about scientific explanation. At least in the social sciences,
we seek big effects when predicting human behavior, whether
we are trying to explain differences in happiness, job performance,
depression, health, or income. "Effect size" (percentage
of variance explained, standardized mean difference, etc.)
has become our yardstick for judging the substantive importance
of potential causes. Yet, while strong correlations between
individuals' attributes and their fates may signal causal
importance, small correlations do not necessarily signal
provides an obvious example. Like the house in a gambling
casino, evolution realizes big gains by playing small odds
over myriad players and long stretches of time. The small-is-inconsequential
presumption is so ingrained and reflexive, however, that
even those of us who seek to explain the evolution of human
intelligence over the eons have often rejected hypothesized
mechanisms (say, superior hunting skills) when they could
not explain differential survival or reproductive success
within a single generation.
tests provide a useful analogy for understanding the power
of small but consistent effects. No single IQ test item measures
intelligence well or has much predictive power. Yet, with
enough items, one gets an excellent test of general intelligence
(g) from only weakly g-loaded items. How?
When test items are considered one by one, the role of chance
dominates in determining who answers the item correctly.
When test takers' responses to many such items are added
together, however, the random effects tend to cancel each
other out, and g's small contribution to all answers
piles up. The result is a test that measures almost nothing
but g.
have come to suspect that some of the most important forces
shaping human populations work in this inconspicuous but
inexorable manner. When seen operating in individual instances,
their impact is so small as to seem inconsequential, yet
their consistent impact over events or individuals produces
marked effects. To take a specific example, only the calculus
of small but consistent tendencies in health behavior over
a lifetime seems likely to explain many demographic disparities
in morbidity and mortality, not just accidental death.
techniques to identify, trace, and quantify such influences
will be a challenge. It currently bedevils behavior geneticists
who, having failed to find any genes with substantial influence
on intelligence (within the normal range of variation), are
now formulating strategies to identify genes that may account
for at most only 0.5% of the variance in intelligence.
University of Michigan; Coauthor, Why
We Get Sick
Truth does not reside with smart
university experts
I used to believe that you could find out
what is true by finding the smartest people and finding
out what they think. However, the most brilliant people
keep turning out to be wrong. Linus Pauling's ideas
about Vitamin C are fresh in mind, but the famous physicist
Lord Kelvin did more harm in 1900 with calculations based
on the rate of earth's cooling that seemed to show that
there had not been enough time for evolution to take place.
A lot of the belief that smart people are right is an illusion
caused by smart people being very convincing… even
when they are wrong.
I also used to believe that you could find
out what is true by relying on experts — smart experts — who
devote themselves to a topic. But most of us remember
being told to eat margarine because it is safer than butter — then
it turned out that trans-fats are worse. Doctors
told women they must use hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
to prevent heart attacks — but HRT turned out to
increase heart attacks. Even when they are not wrong,
expert reports often don't tell you what is true. For
instance, read reviews by experts about antidepressants;
they provide reams of data, but you won't often find the
simple conclusion that these drugs are not all that helpful
for most patients. It is not just others; I shudder
to think about all the false beliefs I have unknowingly
but confidently passed on to my patients, thanks to my
trust in experts. Everyone should read the article by Ioannidis, "Why
most published research findings are false."
Finally, I used to believe that truth had
a special home in universities. After all, universities
are supposed to be devoted to finding out what is true,
and teaching students what we know and how to find out
for themselves. Universities may be best show in town for
truth pursuers, but most stifle innovation and constructive
engagement of real controversies, not just sometimes, but
most of the time, systematically.
How can this be? Everyone is trying so hard
to encourage innovation! The Regents take great pains
to find a President who supports integrity and creativity,
the President chooses exemplary Deans, who mount massive
searches for the best Chairs. Those Chairs often hire supporters
who work in their own areas, but what if one wants to hire
someone doing truly innovative work, someone who might
challenge established opinions? Faculty committees
intervene to ensure that most positions go to people just
about like themselves, and the Dean asks how much grant
overhead funding a new faculty member will bring in. No
one with new ideas, much less work in a new area or critical
of established dogmas, can hope to get through this fine
sieve. If they do, review committees are waiting.
And so, by a process of unintentional selection, diversity
of thought and topic is excluded. If it still sneaks
in, it is purged. The disciplines become ever more
insular. And universities find themselves unwittingly inhibiting
progress and genuine intellectual engagement. University
leaders recognize this and hate it, so they are constantly
creating new initiatives to foster innovative interdisciplinary
work. These have the same lovely sincerity as new
diets for the New Year, and the same blindness to the structural
factors responsible for the problems.
Where can we look to find what is true? Smart
experts in universities are a place to start, but if we
could acknowledge how hard it is for truth and its pursuers
to find safe university lodgings, and how hard it is for
even the smartest experts to offer objective conclusions,
we could begin to design new social structures that would
support real intellectual innovation and engagement.
Information Scientist, USC; Author, Noise
I have changed my mind about using the sample mean as the best way to combine measurements into a single predictive value. Sometimes it is the best way to combine data but in general you do not know that in advance. So it is not the one number from or about a data set that I would want to know in the face of total uncertainty if my life depended on the predicted outcome.
Using the sample mean always seemed like the natural thing to do. Just add up the numerical data and divide by the number of data. I do not recall ever doubting that procedure until my college years. Even then I kept running into the mean in science classes and even in philosophy classes where the discussion of ethics sometimes revolved around Aristotle's theory of the "golden mean." There were occasional mentions of medians and modes and other measures of central tendency but they were only occasional.
The sample mean also kept emerging as the optimal way to combine data in many formal settings. At least it did given what appeared to be the reasonable criterion of minimizing the squared errors of the observations. The sample mean falls out from just one quick application of the differential calculus. So the sample mean had on its side not only mathematical proof and the resulting prominence of appearing in hundreds if not thousands of textbooks and journal articles. It was and remains the evidentiary workhorse of modern applied science and engineering. The sample mean summarizes test scores and gets plotted in trend lines and centers confidence intervals among numerous other applications.
Then I ran into the counter-example of Cauchy data. These data come from bell curves with tails just slightly thicker than the familiar "normal" bell curve. Cauchy bell curves also describe "normal" events that correspond to the main bell of the curves. But Cauchy bell curves have thicker tails than normal bell curves have and these thicker tails allow for many more "outliers" or rare events. And Cauchy bell curves arise in a variety of real and theoretical cases. The counter-example is that the sample mean of Cauchy data does not improve no matter how many samples you combine. This result contrasts with the usual result from sampling theory that the variance of the sample mean falls with each new measurement and hence predictive accuracy improves with sample size (assuming that the square-based variance term measures dispersion and that such a mathematical construct always produces a finite value — which it need not produce in general). The sample mean of ten thousand Cauchy data points has no more predictive power than does the sample mean of ten such data points. Indeed the sample mean of Cauchy data has no more predictive power than does any one of the data points picked at random. This counter-example is but one of the anomalous effects that arise from averaging data from many real-world probability curves that deviate from the normal bell curve or from the twenty or so other closed-form probability curves that have found there way into the literature in the last century.
Nor have scientists always used the sample mean. Historians of mathematics have pointed to the late sixteenth century and the introduction of the decimal system for the start of the modern practice of computing the sample mean of data sets to estimate typical parameters. Before then the mean apparently meant the arithmetic average of just two numbers as it did with Aristotle. So Hernan Cortes may well have had a clear idea about the typical height of an adult male Aztec in the early sixteenth century. But he quite likely did not arrive at his estimate of the typical height by adding measured heights of Aztec males and then dividing by the number added. We have no reason to believe that Cortes would have resorted to such a computation if the Church or King Charles had pressed him to justify his estimate. He might just as well have lined up a large number of Aztec adult males from shortest to tallest and then reported the height of the one in the middle.
There was a related and deeper problem with the sample mean: It is not robust. Extremely small or large values distort it. This rotten-apple property stems from working not with measurement errors but with squared errors. The squaring operation exaggerates extreme data even though it greatly simplifies the calculus when trying to find the estimate that minimizes the observed errors. That estimate turns out to be the sample mean but not in general if one works with the raw error itself or other measures. The statistical surprise of sorts is that using the raw or absolute error of the data gives the sample median as the optimal estimate.
The sample median is robust against outliers. If
you throw away the largest and smallest values in a data
set then the median does not change but the sample mean
does (and gives a more robust "trimmed" mean
as used in combining the judging scores in figure skating
and elsewhere to remove judging bias). Realtors
have long since stated typical housing prices as sample
medians rather than sample means because a few mansions
can so easily skew the sample mean. The sample median
would not change even if the price of the most expensive
house rose to infinity. The median would still be
the middle-ranked house if the number of houses were odd. But
this robustness is not a free lunch. It comes at
the cost of ignoring some of the information in the numerical
magnitudes of the data and has its own complexities for
multidimensional data.
Other evidence pointed to using the sample median rather than the sample mean. Statisticians have computed the so-called breakdown point of these and other statistical measures of central tendency. The breakdown point measures the largest proportion of data outliers that a statistic can endure before it breaks down in a formal sense of producing very large deviations. The sample median achieves the theoretical maximum breakdown point. The sample mean does not come close. The sample median also turns out to be the optimal estimate for certain types of data (such as Laplacian data) found in many problems of image processing and elsewhere — if the criterion is maximizing the probability or likelihood of the observed data. And the sample median can also center confidence intervals. So it too gives rises to hypothesis tests and does so while making fewer assumptions about the data than the sample mean often requires for the same task.
The clincher was the increasing use of adaptive or neural-type algorithms in engineering and especially in signal processing. These algorithms cancel echoes and noise on phone lines as well as steer antennas and dampen vibrations in control systems. The whole point of using an adaptive algorithm is that the engineer cannot reasonably foresee all the statistical patterns of noise and signals that will bombard the system over its lifetime. No type of lifetime average will give the kind of performance that real-time adaptation will give if the adaptive algorithm is sufficiently sensitive and responsive to its measured environment. The trouble is that most of the standard adaptive algorithms derive from the same old and non-robust assumptions about minimizing squared errors and thus they result in the use of sample means or related non-robust quantities. So real-world gusts of data wind tend to destabilize them. That is a high price to pay just because in effect it makes nineteenth-century calculus computations easy and because such easy computations still hold sway in so much of the engineering curriculum. It is an unreasonably high price to pay in many cases where a comparable robust median-based system or its kin both avoids such destabilization and performs similarly in good data weather and does so for only a slightly higher computational cost. There is a growing trend toward using robust algorithms. But engineers still have launched thousands of these non-robust adaptive systems into the stream of commerce in recent years. We do not know whether the social costs involved from using these non-robust algorithms are negligible or substantial.
So if under total uncertainty I had to pick a predictive number from a set of measured data and if my life depended on it — I would now pick the median.
Scientist, Yale University; Chief Scientist, Mirror Worlds
Technologies; Author, Drawing Life
Users Are Not Reactionary After
I've changed my mind about is that the public is wedded
to obsolete 1970s GUIs & info mgmt forever — PARC's
desktop & Bell Labs' Unix file system. I'll give two
example from my own experience. Both constitute long term
ideas of mine and might seem like self-promotion, but my
point is that as a society we don't have the patience to
develop fully those big ideas that need time to soak in.
first described a GUI called "lifestreams" in
the Washington Post in 1994. By the early 2000s, I thought
this system was dead in the water, destined to be resurrected
in a grad student's footnote around the 29th century, The
problem was (I thought) that Lifestreams was too unfamiliar,
"evolutionary" and too "revolutionary" (as
the good folks at ARPA like to say [or something like that]);
you need to go step-by-step with the public and the industry
or you lose.
today "lifestreams" are all over the net (take
a look yourself), and I'm told that "lifestreaming" has
turned into a verb at some recent Internet conferences.
According to ZDnet.com, "Basically what's important
about the OLPC [one laptop per child], has nothing to do
with its nominal purposes and everything to do with its
interface. Ultimately traceable to David Gelernter's 'Lifestreams'
model, this is not just a remake of Apple's evolution of
the original work at Palo Alto, but something new."
the public may be cautions but is not reactionary.
a 1991 book called Mirror Worlds, I predicted
that everyone would be putting his personal stuff in the
Cybersphere (AKA "the clouds"); I said the same
in a 2000 manifesto on Edge called "The 2nd
Coming", & in various other pieces in between.
By 2005 or so, I assumed that once again I'd jumped the
gun, by too long to learn the results pre-posthumously — but
once again this (of all topics) turns out to hot and all
over the place nowadays. "Cloud computing" is
the next big thing: What does this all prove? If you're
patient, good ideas find audiences. But you have to be very patient.
if you expect to cash in on long-term ideas in the United
States, you're certifiable.
last point is a lesson I teach my students, and on this
item I haven't (and don't expect to) change my mind. But
what the hell? It's New Year's, and there are worse things
than being proved right once in a while, even if it's too
late to count.


text:
Hawker Intends to Emerge From Chapter 11 as Standalone Company
Hawker Beechcraft, Inc. announced that it intends to emerge from Chapter 11 protection as a standalone company. Hawker Beechcraft also announced that it is no longer pursuing a transaction with Superior Aviation Beijing Co., Ltd. because the parties could not reach agreement on the terms of a Plan Sponsorship Agreement.
Robert S. (Steve) Miller, CEO of Hawker Beechcraft, Inc., said, "We made the decision to proceed with the standalone Plan of Reorganization after determining that, despite our best efforts, the proposed transaction with Superior could not be completed on terms acceptable to the company. We are disappointed that the transaction did not come to fruition, but we protected ourselves by obtaining a $50 million deposit from Superior that is now fully non-refundable and property of the company. The go-forward business plan we have developed with our creditors ensures that we will emerge from this process in a strong operational and financial position, with an enhanced ability to compete well into the future."
Upon its emergence from Chapter 11, the company intends to rename itself Beechcraft Corporation and will implement a business plan that focuses on its turboprop, piston, special mission and trainer/attack aircraft – the company's most profitable products – and on its high margin parts, maintenance, repairs and refurbishment businesses, all of which have high growth potential.
Bill Boisture, chairman of Hawker Beechcraft Corporation, said, "

subset: commoncrawl


text: With the kind of competition that exists in the market, it is quite understandable that an ALM tool is rated according to the varying features it can provide. An ALM tool is expected to cover all corners in the lifecycle of a project and for doing that, the tool needs to host a vast range of features some being highly critical and some not so. One such functionality is the 'Searching' capability of an ALM tool. So let us discuss this functionality in a greater depth, as to why this feature is important in the context of ALM, and how Kovair deals with it.


text:
Odin's Cove
Odin's Cove #7 by Beth Moon
Wings so black they look green. If a raven hears gunshots,
it flies over, happy. Crow-killer, bark-peeler, spike-billed
ego river. In the parking lot the raven walks leaning forward,
hands back, like a clerk keeping his coattails out of the mud.
Is it true they will eat your dreams down to the fingers?
No, not really, because they would eat those too.
How ravens got so smart:
they open up each other's heads, take out the brains,
lick them,
put them back.
Hey Raven, Polar Bear said, while you were away
I made love to your wife.
Raven said, Hey Polar Bear,
when you weren't home I ate all the seals you had hidden in the snow.
I found your den and filled it up with shit. Hey Polar Bear,
when your wife walks around in circles like she's drunk,
ask her who ate both her eyes
and then sat on her shoulders
Watch and wait: if Magpie eats something
and doesn't die, drive him off, bogart
the rest. A raven knows it will not live forever,
but unlike us doesn't complain about it.
Edgar Allen Poe thought he was writing about ravens
when it was only some crows. A raven can open a baby
abalone with a rock, can open the locked lids
of dumpsters, open an account in your name
and clean you out faster than a con pulling
the world's fastest con job. In Nazi Germany,
extermination vans were called Black Ravens.
Who is smarter, people or God? We invented
a way to play Mendelssohn on the violin;
God invented ravens. Most ravens can speak
English, German, Dutch, Norse—
but only to Odin. His names for them:
Thought and Mind. And in Paiute, Ah'-dah.
For the Washo, Kah'-gehk. Shoshone, Hih.
In German, der Rabe. Adjective: rabenschwarz
pitch-black, raven-black,
black as Ravensbrück.
If like the raven you could be the king of all the murdered people
what would you say to their children?
Silly people, I set out lumps of fat for you to eat
in the crook arms of birch trees. You spit it out
and said it tasted bitter gall. I gave you sunlight
and you preferred drain hole and peepshow.
Culverts attract you, iron bars, new ways
to kill things. I may eat the dead deer's
entrails splayed beside the car-killed
carcass, but remember, people,
when done, I can fly away.
For you, small and on all
fours, where will you go,
what black sky will
ever take you
Charles Hood
The Ravens
Ravens rest on black volcanic rock
where gray sea flows into the horizon
of darkening sky. Each has pulled into
himself, listening in the caverns
of mind to the god's call.
There is no good news to carry home.
Valkyrie have busied themselves
over bleeding earth. Raven eyes
have seen beating wings, horses
mad and wild, snorting their steamy
breath over a hundred fields where men
fight and groan and die. Women watch
fires burn all night, too many bodies
for grave mounds or graceful ships
filled with gold and gear, too many starving
children, too many angry dogs. The ravens
rustle black wings and rise, seeking
currents that will carry them back to the tree
and the god with a single eye, blinded with smoky tears.
Steve Klepetar
Hugin and Munin fly each day
over the spacious earth.
I fear for Hugin, that he come not back,
yet more anxious am I for Munin
Mind and Memory fly
the end is here
not near but here
the machine goes on
but Mind and Memory will not return
not this time
not ever
Fear realized
strong men shuffle
there is no regret in this now
there is peace for some
stillness and simplicity
others fight till they understand
the ravens will not return
Mind and Memory
in this hateful now


text:
#964 Quilted Big Leaf Maple Wooden Bowl $42.00 SOLD
This big leaf maple bowl has great quilt figure. The shape is pleasant in the hand. Great for jewelry or food. Walnut oil finish, food safe.
Please click on the pictures to enlarge.
Shipping: I ship almost all of my pieces via USPS Priority Mail, insured, signature required. The signature is required for insurance. Most items in the lower 48 arrive in 2-3 days. If you are not concerned about insurance (if it is damaged and not insured you have no recourse) and a speedy delivery, ask me to ship it the cheapest way in the order comments. I will gladly refund the difference between what you paid and what it costs. Typically the difference is $5 to $10 dollars less.


text:
This is a 16-pin SOP programming adapter for the SuperPro-7000 Universal Chip Programmer. It also supports 8-pin SOP and some 8/14/16-pin SOIC devices (JEDEC, .150"). This adapter allows you to program four devices at a time. Check the programmer's Supported Devices List to verify that your device can be used with this adapter.
For some devices, you may need to use the EX1016 single-chip adapter.


text:
"White Collar Crime" encompasses numerous offenses ranging from petty theft to schemes targeting multiple millions of dollars. The common denominator for white collar crime is a degree of deceit or breach-of-trust. While most are non-violent, penalties often are severe, and can include both huge fines and lengthy prison terms.
Criminal Defense Lawyer
White collar crimes also are complex – both to prosecute and to defend. For this reason, if you are under investigation, indicted, or charged with a white collar crime, a San Diego Criminal Defense Lawyer who is capable and has extensive experience in this area is an absolute must.
Call Ross Law Center for a free consultation. Our white collar lawyers have a strong understanding of prosecution tactics. And, our attorneys will provide a defense that assures the best possible outcome.
White collar crimes include – but are not limited to
- Bank fraud
- Conspiracy
- Consumer fraud
- Credit card fraud
- Fraudulent use of an ID
- Identity theft
- Insurance fraud
- Mail fraud
- Securities fraud
- Tax evasion / tax fraud
- Wire fraud
- Worthless or fake checks


text:
Chairs and Ottomans
Chairs are a great way to add style, interest, and additional seating! They are available in a variety of different textures, colors and patterns that are custom ordered for your unique space!
All options pictured below are available for purchase through Stonesthrow but not necessarily displayed on our floor.


text:
So today I thought I would do the Happy Skin Tag I recently watched it on YouTube by Victoria from inthefrow and Sammi from thebeautycrush (two of my favourite YouTubers!) and thought I would do it myself! If you have read a few of my other posts then you will know that skincare is a big concern of mine and I am very interested in it all so really this is the perfect tag for me! Lets get started.
1. How would you best describe your skin?
Oily but dehydrated, so combination I guess. Kind of the worst of both worlds, it's very problematic but I am slowly but surely on the road to clear skin!
2. What are your top tips for healthy glowing skin?
Water! Water cleanses your body and will give your skin that radiant glow when you drink a healthy amount of it. It's the easiest and most effective tip and it will make your skin better and you happier! I however am not too good at drinking water myself so I really need to get better at that! But I found this guide on Pinterest that helps you get into a healthy routine for drinking water:
Also eating healthily, I feel like this is an obvious one but fatty foods are so delicious and irresistible that you find yourself drifting towards a chocolate bar rather than an apple and wondering why your skin is worse the next week. Healthy foods like fruit and vegetables are filled with all the vitamins we need for our skin so it's clear that's it's going to help our skin.
3. What's the weirdest natural ingredient you have used in your skin care routine?
This isn't in my everyday routine but I have used it on scars or massive whopper second face kind of spots before. And that is Aloe Vera from the actual plant rather than a product in a bottle. It is so disgusting and slimy and kind of makes me want to gag when I touch it but it works wonders on spots! Aloe Vera is magic!
4. Describe your skincare routine in 5 words
Simple – I don't like putting my skin through lots of different products. I get no benefit from a complicated and lengthy routine with lots of products claiming to do different things.
Same – I use the same products all the time and I try to never differ from that, my skin is used to the products I use so I get the best results from that. Maybe I will do a skincare routine post for you all one day?
Cleanse – I always cleanse, to get as much dirt out as possible I want my pores to be completely clear
Tone – Toning is my favourite thing ever! It sounds so disgusting but I love looking at the cotton pad afterwards and being amazed about how much dirt was in my pores but I couldn't see. Seriously if you don't tone already DO IT!
Moisturise – No matter how oily your skin is, you must always moisturise! Moisturising returns your skin to it's natural Ph and will actually reduce the amount of oil your skin produces. If your skin is moisturised already it doesn't need to produce oil – which creates pimples – to moisturise because it already has it! You see? As strange as it sounds moisturising = less breakouts!
5. Tell us your top skincare tip
Drinking lots of water and getting my skin out in the sun. It really and I mean really clears up my skin!
6. What makes you laugh everyday?
Probably my boyfriend and my dog. They're both such goons I'm always chucking around them. Also Friends, it's my favourite programme ever!
7. What steals your skins natural radiance?
When I don't drink enough water my radiance instantly goes but also if I'm not in sunshine for a while then my skin will not be as radiant. Sunshine really helps your skin get that natural glow unfortunately we have lack of sunshine in the UK so maybe I will just go blaming my breakouts on my country from now on.
8. What are your main skincare concerns?
I am always concerned that the products I'm using aren't what's best for my skin. I never know if I'm doing the right thing or enough or too much of something.
9. What's your skincare 101?
It would have to be keeping the same skincare routine. Most people don't know this but when you introduce a new product to your skin, your skin will instantly react and try to push it out. You should always use products for 3 weeks before being able to see their true talent. I used to use a new product breakout from my skin getting used to it, think it was the new product, and then change to another new product. I would be in a constant cycle of new product, breakout, new product, breakout, new product. So now I stick to one routine and one product for each step. I try my hardest not to differ as I know it will only cause breakouts. But trying to stick to the same routine is one of the bests things you can do!
10. What is your happy place?
I think every one thinks this but one of my happy places is my room. It's my area where I can escape from everything and just relax. Another place would be at the beach because it makes me feel so free and alive. I love beaches! I guess a third one would be wherever my boyfriend is, that's who I'm most happiest with.
11. How do you define happiness?
I wasn't quite sure how to answer this question. But happiness for me is travelling, my boyfriend, my dog, being around animals, the outdoors and my family. I also love doing anything creative and my new thing at the moment is scrapbooking! Making sure I am happy is one of my biggest morals in life. If I am not happy how can I ever make anyone else happy or enjoy anything I do?
Feel free to do the tag too, and let me know if you enjoy reading tag posts!


text:
- Home
- Posters & Art
- Posture Exercise & Chiropractic Poster Set
Posture Exercise & Chiropractic Poster Set
Product Description
Posture Exercise with Patient "Try This" Demo
The Posture Exercise poster explains the key role specific focused
exercise plays in strengthening and balancing posture. It features
the "Try This" Standing Leg Balance demo. Great for your adjusting
rooms, new patient exam room, reception area or office.
Posters are full color, 18" x 24" and ready to be framed.
"I teach ball exercise techniques to clients. Was pretty amazed to find an exercise poster so specific. Looks good. Fast shipping from this company."~ ExerciseGuru
Detailed Description
On the left there is a Standing Balance Test demo for patients/
clients to attempt. It has 3 steps, and provides the reasoning for
the test, why some might find it difficult, and how balance is affected.
On the right the title reads: Posture is how you balance your body.
(1st Posture Principle). There is an explanation of muscle use and joint
motion. The second title reads: Posture exercise strengthens posture
and balance. The explanation describes why it's important to work with
a professional to restore full-range motion, as this promotes effective
exercise to keep joints flexible and muscle strong.
"fast shipping, great customer service online, thanks"~ Belinda Anderson
Chiropractic with Patient "Try This" Demo
The Chiropractic Poster explains chiropractic and adjustments in
biomechanical terms patients understand. It goes on to explain the
importance of Chiropractic as a healthy life habit to keep you moving
well as you age. It answers the question; "Why do I feel lighter after
an adjustment?" with a "Try This" demo to further explain the concept.
Detailed Description:
On the left of the poster there is a Q & A: Why do I feel lighter after
an adjustment? The answer explains our perception of good posture
compared to reality, then goes on to explain the importance of chiropractic
to align the spine and other joints for stronger posture and symmetry while
reducing uneven mechanical stress, etc. It follows with a Try This demo
using a golf club to demonstrate uneven or weak posture. On the right the
poster the title reads: Chiropractors are mechanics for your body. The text
to follow discusses DC training to assess alignment and motion of the spine,
body and posture. It goes on to discuss adaptations, misalignments and how
this eventually leads to mechanical stress, pain, loss of function, nerve
irritation, etc. And then talks about the benefits of chiropractic adjustments.
The second title reads: How does strong posture and chiropractic help you
age well? The text to follow explains how chiropractic restores normal motion
and balance, full-range motion, body and motion symmetry, etc.
Find Similar Products by Tag
Product Reviews
Posted by JimO. on 21st Aug 2017
nice addition to my office
Body Zone posters
Posted by Ryan Morton on 3rd Dec 2013
I have all the Body Zone posters up in my office. I think they are good education tools, and frankly I had to replace the old ones even I was tired of seeing. lol
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text: Established in Seattle in 1897, historic brand Filson creates ultra-wearable clothes and accessories steeped in American heritage. Believing that comfort, protection and durability never go out of style, the company listens attentively to the needs of its customers and, in turn, provides them with designs that not only stand the test of time but also withstand passing trends. Discover field watches with rustic brown straps and brushed metal faces.


text:
Thursday 31 January, 2012 - A family who purchased an entry in Saturday Gold Lotto's $30 million Megadraw last year has finally come forward to claim their $1.4 million prize!
The hard-working mother who bought the first division winning ticket from Supanews Underwood neglected to check her entry for one full month after the draw which took place on 29 December, 2012.
"I can't believe it. I noticed a sign up in the newsagency after the draw in December saying they'd sold a big winner so I went in and checked a few weeks' worth of tickets at once, but didn't win a thing on them," she said.
"It wasn't until I rifled through my purse this week that I found one ticket hidden in the back, and that was the one worth $1.4 million!" said the mother excitedly.
"I'm looking forward to being debt-free now; it's something that has weighed on my mind for some time. I'll be able to work fewer hours and spend more time with my children."
Thankfully the family's rented house wasn't affected by recent flooding, but they plan on buying their own home with this prize money.
"We'll be looking to buy a house now – one that's not in a flood zone. I'll speak to a financial advisor about how we can invest some of the money as well, possibly in more real estate.
"My teenage daughters have already said they want to go on shopping sprees! We'll spend some of the money now to celebrate but will use the rest wisely."
The winning QuickPick entry was purchased from Supanews Underwood, Shop 35, Underwood Marketplace, 3215 Logan Road.
As the winning entry was not registered to a Winners Circle card, Golden Casket was unable to contact the winner to tell them the good news following the draw.
Three other division one winning Megadraw entries in Queensland were purchased from Nextra Express Chermside in Brisbane, Margate News & Casket in Moreton Bay, and Main Beach Village News on the Gold Coast.
Throughout Australia, there were 21 winners who claimed a $1,428,571.43 first division share of Saturday Gold Lotto's $30 million Megadraw division one prize pool in December. Along with the four winning tickets purchased in Queensland, there were five purchased in Victoria, four in New South Wales, four in Western Australia, two in Tasmania and two in South Australia.
The winning numbers in Saturday Gold Lotto's $30 million Megadraw 3281 on 29 December 2012 were 25, 7, 35, 15, 37 and 14 with the supplementary numbers 20 and 3.


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Award-Winning Superstar Tanna Frederick, 'The 'M' Word' Lands Lead Role In 'South Of Hope Street' Film, Highlight Hollywood News
Highlight Hollywood has confirmed that Indie actress, director and environmental activist Tanna Frederick, who will be appearing in the upcoming Rainbow Film Studios "The 'M' Word" this spring has landed the leading lady role in filmmaker Jane Spencer's "South of Hope Street."
On IMDB a synopsis says in part, "There is a strange, unexplained event in the sky. Only Denise and Tom notice it. But they are voiceless, and it just keeps getting stranger – even as below on the ground, it gets more 'normal'."
According to IMDB, stunner Frederick will star as Denise opposite Hilmir Snaer Guonason. Other names include filmmaker and award-winning film editor Ron Vignone as well as actor Pacal Ulli.
Highlight Hollywood has a call into the filmmaker for more details. But anything that stars Tanna Frederick is golden, and will be incredible. She's one of the most spectacularly diverse thespians of this era.
You can follow us at www.twitter.com/HighlightHwd or on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Highlight-Hollywood/193119760769011
Written By: Tommy Lightfoot Garrett
Photographs are Courtesy: Rainbow Films; Facebook
Follow us on Twitter @HighlightHwd or @LightfootinHwd


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We Ship Anywhere in the United States!
4H / Fair Livestock Animals
Sanders Meats is a proud sponsor and livestock auction buyer of many fairs across northern, central, and west michigan.
Joseph T. Sanders along with his two sons Leo and Carlton pose with their steer in the 1950's.
Brothers Derek and Corey Sanders pose with their steer.


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Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh
Or just the first.
Waaaah, I'm sorry it's been so long, and I can only blame my gluttony for this (I ate 4 pieces of cake on Christmas Day, and I'm not even exaggerating even slightly, sadly enough). Christmas has been a lovely flurry of family, good food and wine (I think there were about 5 glasses alongside those 4 pieces of cake) and I knew I would have to post before New Year's Eve properly hit and took away my sense of time again.
So here's a quick LOTD:
If you remember my spiel about glitter eyeliners then you'll understand where this one came from.
So here's a scarily in-depth close up to show you the effect properly. I am bit of a vain toss and wear this look wherever I like regardless of the situation (luckily I work in a pretty relaxed office!) so be free! If you feel like your outfit is boring blind people with your eyes, and if you feel like you have to much glitz and bling going on then you haven't. Not until you've done this too.


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May 22, 2019
Here's an interesting story from last week's New York Times that suggests we're closer to fundamental national reforms in how we deliver and pay for medical care that many believe. America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, the two largest trade groups/lobbyists representing self funded medical plans and health insurers, each released statements that they favor a proposal requiring them to provide health coverage to all applicants, regardless of medical history, so long as every individual is required to obtain coverage. The idea is pretty simple: insurers and employers can afford to provide benefits to people who are sick only if if those who are healthy are also paying premiums. It's the healthcare insurance version of "there ain't no free lunch."
The willingness of AHIP and the Blues to accept all comers regardless of health history so long as every person is required to pay for coverage is significant. The opposition of insurers and self funded plans were a big reason that the Clinton Administration's efforts to pass comprehensive healthcare reform failed in the '90s. If they are on board, the sea change in healthcare may come sooner than we think.
Of course, the big unanswered question is "how much will it cost?" Nobody is talking too much about that yet. But they will have to sooner rather than later.
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Wednesday, February 9, 2011
David Lowery • The Palace Guards
Lowery doesn't disappoint his longtime fans here. The tunes tend more toward the CVB side, I suppose, but that's not counting Cracker's countryish Countrysides album, or their collaboration with Leftover Salmon. His trademark sense of humor is represented well, for instance on the title track, as is that sweet, sorta boy next door side, the one that utters such great lyrics as these from "Submarine": "All we got is love and time and kindnesses / To carry us in troubled times and crisises." Rock 'n' roll isn't entirely absent, as you'll hear on "Baby, All Those Girls Meant Nothing to Me," which is only missing the gritty guitar of Johnny Hickman to make it a real life cracker. (JH does make a brief appearance on the CD though.) I'm also nuts about "Ah, You Left Me," which isn't so rockin' and wasn't even written by David, though you'd never know it if I hadn't've reminded you.
Basically, anyone who's into CVB or Cracker will entirely enjoy this CD, unless you've got something against fun albums that warrant repeated listenings. And since David Lowery rarely lets us down in this regard, I think you'll find my little review to be superfluous once you meet The Palace Guards for yourself.
3.5/5 (429 Records)
Posted by Marshall Gooch at 7:57 PM
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Miami Heat
Summer school is in as Heat's Hassan Whiteside aims to improve
Hassan Whiteside does not want to talk about passing the ball. Why pass the ball when you can dunk the ball, right?
As he gladly will tell you, the Heat's second-year center is a proficient dunker of the basketball, and he enjoys it.
"Dunking on people," as he first stated when he joined the Heat, was more or less his singular offensive focus last season, and he still likes talking about his affinity for dunks months later.
As for passing, what's the big deal? He's not a point guard. Sure, Whiteside had just six assists in 48 games last season, but, like he said Friday, "A lot of times I think the assists can be deceiving."
"A lot of times, I was dunking the ball, or I was three feet from the basket," Whiteside said. "I mean, I like how you didn't mention the field-goal percentage, but I'll take that."
In other words, one more question about passing and you, too, might get dunked on.
It's Whiteside's swaggering attitude and aggressive nature around the rim that earned him a second chance in the NBA last year, and that same set of skills catapulted him into the starting lineup for a desperate Heat team. It's assumed that Whiteside's uncommon abilities at 7-feet tall will make him a very rich man next summer.
Whether or not it's the Heat that pays Whiteside remains to be seen, and that might have a lot to do with how much he develops this season. After all the twists and turns of his young career, Whiteside is back on track and entering a contract year.
His ability to pass out of the post probably won't decide his future, but a willingness to learn could be important.
So far, he's putting in the work.
The large majority of projected starters in the NBA don't tag along with their team's summer-league squads just to practice and work with assistant coaches.
But that's exactly what Whiteside is doing this week.
On Friday, he practiced with the Heat's summer-league team at AmericanAirlines Arena, and he will be with the Heat during the summer-league circuit, which begins Saturday in Orlando before moving out to Las Vegas.
To be clear, Whiteside isn't playing in any summer leagues. He's too important to risk injury in games designed for league executives to identity young talent.
Whiteside will only be in Orlando and Las Vegas to practice, learn the rhythms of coach Erik Spoelstra's offense and immerse himself in the team's defensive principles.
"To drill our system," Spoelstra said. "He was not part of our training camp this year, so this is a miniature version for him to get a ton of reps in five practices. And he has responded well.
"He is in very good shape."
Whiteside had a powerful physique last season, but he has added even more muscle to his frame over the past two months. There is no question that he will be a defensive force for the Heat next season.
Offensively, Whiteside's three stated areas of improvement this summer are "taking my time in the post, free throws and turnaround jumpers."
As for passing, he's not worried about that. It will come naturally.
"It just comes with chemistry," he said.
Although Whiteside isn't participating in the summer leagues, the Heat will have an intriguing team filled with players who could be on the roster come October.
Rookie draft pick Justise Winslow, who signed with the Heat on Friday, will be making is debut in Orlando.
In the backcourt, Tyler Johnson will be playing plenty of point guard while Shabazz Napier recovers from offseason surgery to correct a sports hernia. If Johnson can make the transition to point guard, it would help his chances of contributing next season.
Napier will sit out a game at 9 a.m. on Saturday against the Pacers but could be available on Sunday for a 5 p.m. game against the Nets.
Forward James Ennis has devoted this summer to improving his ball-handling skills. Last season was an adjustment for him after playing in Australia, but he hopes to be better prepared for NBA defenses next season.
Summer-league games are available through the NBA's Summer League Live package, which is $14.99 and available at www.nba.com/summerleaguelive.


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We are about "museum'ed out", but a tour of the Naval Academy exceeded all expectations.
All of the students are housed under one roof and the dorm building covers a space of THIRTY ACRES! Our tour guide introduced us to "second-in-command", Captain Robert Chadwick (Dean of Midshipmen). His daughter attends Belmont University in Nashville.
These are the homes of the officers……
The Naval Academy chapel was beautiful and moving. A ship hangs in the rear alcove to bless all those who go to sea.
A memorial seat is forever present in memory of those who lost their lives in the Vietnam War.
The marble and bronze crypt below the chapel holds the remains of John Paul Jones, America's first Naval hero.
This is commission (graduation) week at the academy. Tradition holds that during this week, the freshman class has to top an obelisk (monument) in order to become midshipmen. Prior to climbing the monument, the upperclassmen grease the obelisk with lard. They top it by climbing and placing a sailor's hat on top. This is an annual tradition that took the freshmen over two hours to accomplish and was most entertaining.
We also visited the campus museum that houses hundreds of historical model ships. Some even hand-carved from bones by French prisoners.
As part of graduation, The Blue Angels impressed us with a practice day and a show day that was spectacular. If you have never seen on of these shows – do it!
Karen captures pictures from atop Kara Mia……we had a front-row seat!


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In 1982 G. Edward Griffin interviewed an ailing Norman Dodd, who among his many qualifications, had served as a banking expert during the Great Depression, and would later be hired to investigate US educational trusts. A man of distinguished education, his testimony unlocks many secrets governing the unseen dealings of certain influential factions within the US market.
Mr. Dodd gave an impressive account of the hidden history involved in the American banking system that proved to be shocking. Once again we are informed by credible sources that things are not as they seem, and history might prove to be quite different had the public not been deceived.
Thanks to the whistle blowers, who inform us and investigative journalists such as Mr. Griffin, we are privileged to get an insight into the true events that influenced history. There are many threats ongoing to the Republic of the United States of America. Thomas Jefferson warned us long ago to remain ever vigilant.
In 1929 contrary to assurances made by the Federal Reserve that the American monetary system would be more stabile, a financial disaster began. As the earth shaking implications of bank failures and investor's fortunes evaporating thanks to massive stock value collapses, Norman Dodd served as a junior banking officer.
Curiously, Dodd found himself confronted by important figures in his banking organization, who asked him for his opinion about that had just happened. Mr. Dodd, although intimidated by his lack of experience to make such a comment on the situation, finally replied that there was something that his superiors did not know about banking, and that they better find out.
A Deadly Flaw In The System ?
After his candid comment, Dodd was asked to undertake a research expedition to find out just what it was that indeed, his employers did not know about banking. Dodd would have to take a leave of his present duties in order to pursue an investigation that would take 2 ½ years for him to conclude.
At a meeting with his superiors at the New York bank where he worked, he later presented his findings as to just what events had led to the financial chaos of the time. Mr. Dodd time and again had been confronted by the reality of unsound banking practices and the fallacy of fractional banking that used extended credit and debt as a tool to of claiming equity when, in fact, there was no liquidity( cash assets) in the vaults at all.
A Telling Admission
Norman was informed by his superiors at Morgan Bank, the most prominent men in the industry, that the American banking system would never operate on sound principles again. The United States in the aftermath of World War I had been encumbered in institutionalized conflicts of interest that could never be resolved. It took a year for Dodd to wrap his mind around the startling revelations he had been exposed to. It was then that he decided to resign.
Unable To Rationalize A Mystery
Resignation did not seem to be in the cards for Norman Dodd at that moment, as the President of the Bank, Mr. Cochran informed him that the directors of Morgan Bank had been so impressed with Norman Dodd's report that they could not forget about it. Therefore, Dodd was offered an opportunity to reorganize the banking operation. Norman was anxious to jump at the chance at age 33, he considered it to be a prime prospect.
However, after being assigned to the task for the next 6 weeks, that nothing changed, and every time he enquired further, Dodd was placated and told to go to play tennis and golf on his time off, and look forward to receiving a better salary as a vice president in the near future as well as a generous pension as time wore on.
For a year he sat with his feet on his desk (figuratively speaking), and then decided he could not accept it. Norman Dodd had other ideas. He could not continue to passively occupy his position when he could not agree with the way the country was being run.
Once again he resigned, and this time for good. However, seeking employment in another banking institution proved futile. Norman Dodd found that he had been black listed and could not find another job in the entire country. For the first time since his graduation from Yale University, He found himself out of a job as a result of sticking to his principles.
The Truth May Set You Free But It May Also Complicate Your Life
It seems that sometimes an individual who makes a conscientious effort to remain a patriot to the righteous cause of his country finds adversity instead of acceptance. Norman Dodd would be relegated to finding work among various investment institutions as a consultant and fund manager as time went on. Inevitably his path would cross that of other like minded individuals who disapproved of the unseen changes being forced upon the US.
Once again though, Mr. Dodd would be presented with a chance to exercise his influence in exposing, yet another missing puzzle in the fog of suppressed history.
We will discuss that next time. Has this story been told before? Yes. And it needs to be told again and again until all Americans young and old know the truth!


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Photo: Anne Vesaas
Photo: Anne Vesaas
Amund Maarud first started in the band Maarudkara at the age of 6 with his brother Henrik on drums and his father on bass. In the year 2000 he started Amund Maarud Band, still with his brother Henrik on drums and with straight blues on the repertoire.
With this years album release "Electric" Amund Maarud (30) is kind of back where he started deeply into the blues tradition. The album marks Amund´s 20 years as a blues musician with release as early as the age of 10! However for those who think this is a regular blues release, do think again. There are a variety of styles on this album, and people in guitar rock tradition will probably note this as a rock release.
"Some choices you just make without considering options. When I was 10 I just decided to become a bluesguitarist fulltime. It didn´ seem any more strange to me than the wish to become a fireman" says Amund Maarud.


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Wireless Chargers Loop Quick Quote
Promote your organisation in vibrant style with our Loop Wireless Charger. Available in 8 inspiring colours, we can Screen Print your logo, brand message, slogan and more onto the soft touch, high-grip, silicon surface. The Loop is compatible with all Qi-enabled devices, otherwise known as Wireless Charging devices including recent iPhone™ models and top-end Samsung, Google, Microsoft, Sony, HTC, LG smartphones.
6 Days Lead Time. We assemble, customise and deliver your order all within this time!
00 hours 00 minutes 00 seconds remaining to order for delivery on Monday, June 3, 2019
Colour Options
Pantone Reflex Blue C
Pantone Green 361 C
Pantone Yellow C
Pantone Orange 021C
Pantone Red 186 C
Pantone Rhodamine Red
Branding Options and Print Area
Branding Area designated by
Area Top: Φ65mm
Area Top: Φ65mm
Screen Printing
Screen Printing
Shows the product can be branded using a technique called 'Screen Printing', the most established method to print onto objects. Our prices always include screen printing in up to 4 colours on all the print areas. Logo artwork for products with this symbol should be provided in a vector format such as .eps, ai, or.cdr. Fonts should be converted to outlines and all colours 'solid', rather than in tones or shades.
- Output over-current and over-voltage protection
- Input over-current and over-voltage protection
- High temperature shut down
- Short-circuit protection
- Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection
- Compatible with smartphones which support wireless charging: iPhone™ 8, iPhone™ X and top end Samsung, Google, Microsoft, Sony, HTC, LG smartphones
- Outputs 5W of wireless charging power.
- Sleek, modern design
- Slim, light and portable
How they come
Your Wireless Charger
Charging Cable
Charging Cable
User Manual
White Card Box
Dimensions and WeightLength: 90mm (3.54 inches)
Width: 90mm (3.54 inches)
Height: 7.3mm (0.29 inches)
Weight: 55 grams (1.94 Ounces)
EnvironmentWhere plastic is used for non-visible internal parts, these materials come from 100% recycled sources
RoHS This product fully conforms to RoHS Directive (EU Restriction of hazardous substances).


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Wrangles over who gets to use the Olympic Stadium after the London 2012 Games must finish by the end of this year, the Olympic legacy chief Baroness Ford said today.
Considering West Ham United's new and high-profile interest in moving in to the east London stadium after the Games amid other suggested would-be tenants, a public consultation process will be used to help make the decision, she told MPs.
Baroness Ford, chair of the Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC), which is in charge of planning, developing and managing the Olympic Park, said: "It seems the time is absolutely right now to go into a public process to get a set of settled uses for the stadium.
"This is a £540 million public asset so it goes without saying that we are not just going to have some conversation off stage left and someone is going to take over the stadium.
"It has to be a publicly managed process to demonstrate value for money and that we are keeping the bid commitments that were there."
It will start with three months of market testing, including publication of an OPLC prospectus in the next few weeks inviting people to make suggestions on what they can do in legacy. A formal procurement process will then take place.
Baroness Ford told the Culture, Media and Sport Committee: "We are really hoping we will get to an agreed position by the end of the year so we can say 'here are the uses for the stadium' and we can put that to one side and get on with other things.
"I am quite confident that we can get to a good decision on the stadium but we must do it this year because it can not be left to just drag on."
Rumours have been rife that rugby and Twenty20 cricket could also be interested in using the stadium but Baroness Ford insisted that the bid pledge of having a grand prix athletics track after the Games "have to be met".
She said: "We know that the amount of times that athletics will be used in the stadium will not be a huge amount of times, maybe a couple of dozen times a year, but for me premier athletics must be part of the mix because that was part of the bid commitment."
West Ham's new co-owners David Gold and David Sullivan took over the cash-strapped club this year and immediately confirmed their interest in relocating to the 80,000-capacity Olympic Stadium in Stratford, east London, as they try to improve the club finances.
The stadium is to be shrunk into a 25,000-seater venue after the Games complete with an athletics track. At the moment, there seems no reason why football and athletics could not exist together in the stadium, Baroness Ford pointed out.
She said: "Technically the pitch within the track is absolutely Fifa-compliant, from the point of view of size and sight lines, and evidently the stadium is IAAF-compliant.
"These things could technically co-exist, it is whether people would want to co-exist.
"Ed Warner [the UK Athletics chief executive] I know is quite happy to share with football and it is now for football to tell us, if they want to come in to the stadium, how they would want to keep their part of the bargain in terms of the bid."
Baroness Ford said West Ham are not "the only show in town" in terms of use of the stadium as the OPLC is in "lots of discussions with many other people".
She noted: "We need to get this settled once and for all this year. "The current planning status quo is for the stadium to be taken down and rebuilt into a 25,000- seater, the new Crystal Palace, and if that is what we decide to do, fine. We should not apologise for that. We have Twickenham, we have Wembley, and we would have a new athletics stadium – that is what is currently envisaged.
"If alongside that or complementary to that other things can happen in the stadium that make it more viable, more animated, give loads of access, that involve the community – that would be absolutely fantastic."


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So, today for Retro Cafe Art it is Marie Antoinette and her pannier or side hoop skirts that inspired me. I used an old tear shaped glass ornament as the base and put her image from the Marie Antoinette Collage sheet by Cassandra Van Curen inside. I added a white paper doily ruffle to extend her silhouette and to represent her skirt. I added cream colored fabric roses, tiny pearls, Dimensional Pearls and silver Stickles accents. A silver glittery ribbon at the top lets me hang her on my inspiration board.
Well I hope you get to see explore your passion this week.
take care, gerri
|Oh Sweet Marie!


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|I love my covers!
Friday, August 4, 2017
The Importance of Life-long Learning
4 comments:
- Sarah Raplee said...
According to recent research, continuing to learn new skills and information keeps our brains healthy as we age. Silver lining to all the research authors have to do and all the new skills we must learn.
I'm glad you are writing Mark's story. I really liked him in your first book, Lily!
- 11:33 AM, August 04, 2017
- Diana McCollum said...
Great on starting Mark's story! He was a good secondary character in Lily.
Wonderful post on life long learning. I know I feel happy when I'm learning something new. and as Sarah said, it's good for our brains!! Great post!
- 3:39 PM, August 04, 2017
- Judith Ashley said...
Thanks for stopping by, Sarah. I've read some of those findings that also say keeping the brain healthy by learning new skills can help reduce or slow down dementia. Since I have two long time friends with that diagnosis, I'm all for keeping my brain active.
- 10:33 PM, August 04, 2017
- Judith Ashley said...
Thanks, Diana. I liked Mark also. Just think of all the new things we've learned on this publishing journey! Lots of technical skills as well as the research we need for our stories.
- 10:34 PM, August 04, 2017


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Not used yet but look good - slightly more expensive than other websitesRead More
Good for training sessions at my rugby club.Read More
Would recommend you remove your Saturday delivery options as you cannot guarantee the deliveries. £10.99 a lot to pay for the disappointment when the parcel doesn't arrive. If people pay for the service it should be available. Actual service and site very good, so I would use again however not...Read More
Good store, quick delivery.Read More
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