text:
ETC Alert Disaster Procedure, 8am 5pm Weekdays
E-Print Network (OSTI)
work area "The hospital disaster response plan is in effect. Remain at your regular duties and awaitETC Alert Disaster Procedure, 8am 5pm Weekdays ETC ALERT DISASTER ETC Charge Nurse Hospital Operator ETC Tech 3JCP Reception Pager 3735 Phone 6-3350 General Diagnostic Supervisor (Disaster Only) Ass
Carsharing in Europe and North American: Past, Present, and Future
of Iarge reductions m car usage and assoclated adverseAlter Joining CSOs" usage. Passenger Car-Ownership Behaviorcar Th~s operatmn guarantees members use at least taro weekend days per month and unhm~t- ed weekday usage
Shaheen, Susan; Sperling, Daniel; Wagner, Conrad
Usage Demographics 2010
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
NERSC Usage Demographics 2010 Academic Usage Usage by Discipline DOE & Other Lab Usage Usage by Institution Type Last edited: 2012-10-30 13:51:35...
The Ozone Weekend Effect in California: Evidence Supporting NOx Emission Reductions
Ozone is typically higher on weekends (WE) than on weekdays (WD) at many of California�s air-monitoring stations. Sometimes called the �ozone WE effect, � this phenomenon occurs despite substantially lower estimates of WE emissions for the major ozone precursors � volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Compared to WD emissions, WE emissions of NOx decrease more (proportionally) than do the WE emissions of VOC. Because the WE increases in ozone coincide with the relatively large WE reductions in NOx, some conclude that regulations that would reduce NOx emissions on all days would undermine ozone attainment efforts by causing ozone to decrease more slowly (or even to increase). At this time, public discussion of the ozone WE effect has mostly reflected the viewpoint that NOx emission reductions would not help reduce ambient ozone levels. A large body of published research from this perspective has accumulated over the last 10 to 20 years. Nevertheless, the presently available scientific evidence can also lead to the conclusion that NOx emission reductions may be needed to maintain or even to expedite progress toward attainment
Lawrence C. Larsen
Brain usage
usage Name: A W Chen Status: NA Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: For my science fair project I would like to know if every part of the brain is used all the...
Brain Usage
Usage Name: Matt Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: what percentage of the brain does the average human use? Replies: This is a very difficult question to address. Your...
Day 12122013 3:58:31 PM INLMIS-10-19479 1 of 122 2013 ECOtality Residential Level 2 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) EVSE Usage Weekday Weekend Overall Number of...
Usage of Electronic Monograph
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Usage of Electronic Monograph. The following table shows the approximate usage of the monograph since April 1998. ...
A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect
A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect Title A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication...
Brookhaven Logo Usage
Logo Usage The Correct Usage of the BNL Logo - The following examples picture correct and incorrect use of the Laboratory logo. If you need assistance in using the logo, contact...
LANL's ChemCam conducts first laser test over the weekend | National...
conducts first laser test over the weekend | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
LANL's ChemCam conducts first laser test over the weekend | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the...
Context: Usage and Effectiveness
*. Bookmark and Share. Context: Usage and Effectiveness. US Navy Aircraft Halon 1301 Effectivity Analysis.. Tedeschi, M.; Leach, W.; 1995. ...
APS LOM Shop Usage
Division XSD Groups Industry Argonne Home Advanced Photon Source APS LOM Shop Usage User Shop Access - Policies and Procedures User Shop Orientation User Shop...
How Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? | Department of
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? How Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? June 30, 2011 - 7:13pm Addthis The Fourth of July is coming up and many people are planning to entertain. Though the Fourth is a the perfect holiday to spend outdoors, entertaining can still mean that many people are going in and out of the house. All those people and doors opening and closing can mean extra heat buildup-which means extra money spent keeping things cool. So tell us: How will you save energy over the Fourth of July weekend? Each Thursday, you have the chance to share your thoughts on a question about energy efficiency or renewable energy for consumers. E-mail your responses to the Energy Saver team at firstname.lastname@example.com.
How Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? How Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? How Will You Save Energy Over the Fourth of July Weekend? June 30, 2011 - 7:13pm Addthis The Fourth of July is coming up and many people are planning to entertain. Though the Fourth is a the perfect holiday to spend outdoors, entertaining can still mean that many people are going in and out of the house. All those people and doors opening and closing can mean extra heat buildup-which means extra money spent keeping things cool. So tell us: How will you save energy over the Fourth of July weekend? Each Thursday, you have the chance to share your thoughts on a question about energy efficiency or renewable energy for consumers. E-mail your responses to the Energy Saver team at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Memorial Day Weekend Sales Tax Holiday for Energy-Efficient Products |
Memorial Day Weekend Sales Tax Holiday for Energy-Efficient Memorial Day Weekend Sales Tax Holiday for Energy-Efficient Products Memorial Day Weekend Sales Tax Holiday for Energy-Efficient Products < Back Eligibility General Public/Consumer Savings Category Heating & Cooling Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate Air conditioners: price of less than $6,000; Refrigerators: price of less than $2,000; No limit on total purchases. Program Info Start Date 05/2008 State Texas Program Type Sales Tax Incentive Rebate Amount 100% of sales and use tax (6.25% - 8.25% depending on local jurisdiction) Provider Comptroller of Public Accounts Purchases of certain energy-efficient products during Memorial Day weekend are exempt from the state sales and use tax.* This amounts to a three-day
Robotics and Energy Usage
It is commonly assumed that the use of robots in an industrial plant will cut energy usage, because robots require no heat, light, or air conditioning in their work space. However, in analyzing industrial installations, we have found that, in practice, energy usage may either increase or decrease depending on the parameters of the particular facility. This paper describes our findings at the plants of various manufacturers. We performed on-site studies at plants operated by Chrysler Corporation in St. Louis (62 welding robots) and Franklin Manufacturing Company in St. Cloud, Minnesota (4 spray painting robots used in freezer manufacture), We also examined data on energy effects of robots from John Deere, caterpillar, and GM Guide Division. The effect of robots on electricity usage and other forms of energy usage are analyzed in this paper.
Hershey, R. L.; Fenton, S. E.; Letzt, A. M.
Adaptive web usage profiling
Web usage models and profiles capture significant interests and trends from past accesses. They are used to improve user experience, say through recommendation of pages, pre-fetching of pages, etc. While browsing behavior changes dynamically over time, ...
Bhushan Shankar Suryavanshi; Nematollaah Shiri; Sudhir P. Mudur
Exemplary Units Markup Language usage
Sample UnitsML tools and usage. ... Its usage is limited to demonstrating capabilities of plain XSLT processing with the data stored in UnitsML. ...
Automotive materials usage trends
SciTech Connect
The materials composition of US passenger cars is traced from 1960 and projected into 1990's. Sales-weighted average vehicle-weight trends are analyzed in terms of shifts in the large/small car mix, downsizing, and downweighting. The growth in the usage of lightweight materials: -high strength steels, cast/wrought aluminum, plastics and composites - are examined in detail. Usage trends in a host of other materials such as alloy steels, zinc, lead, copper, etc. are also discussed. An approximate quantitative analysis of changes in the usage of steel by the automotive industry worldwide show that about 10% of total decline in Western-World steel consumption is accounted for by the automotive industry. An assessment is presented for automotive industry use of critical materials such as chromium in alloy steels/cast irons and the platinum group metals in exhaust-gas catalysts. 10 references, 13 figures, 9 tables.
Gjostein, N.A.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Usage Indicators Tables Usage Indicators Tables (Million U.S. Households; 60 pages, 247 kb) Contents Pages HC6-1a. Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-2a. Usage Indicators by Year of Construction, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-3a. Usage Indicators by Household Income, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-4a. Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-5a. Usage Indicators by Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-6a. Usage Indicators by Type of Rented Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-7a. Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5
Energy Usage | Department of Energy
Usage Energy Usage How much do you spend per year compared to others? A state-by-state map of per capita energy expenditures. Subtopics Storage Consumption Transmission Smart Grid...
Memory Usage Considerations on Franklin
the memory requirement vvia internal checking in their codes or by some tools. Craypat could track heap usage. And IPM also tracks memory usage. Last edited: 2013-06-30 08:33:51...
Usage by Job Size
Usage by Job Usage by Job Size Table Usage by Job Size Table page loading animation Usage Query Interface System All Hopper Edison Carver Planck Matgen Franklin Hopper 1 Magellan Dirac Bassi Jacquard Seaborg User Account (Repo) Execution Queue All Debug Interactive Premium Regular Short Regular Long Regular Small Regular Medium Regular Big Regular Extra Big Killable Low Transfer IO Task Special System Serial Big Memory Westmere === Inactive === Magellan Serial Magellan Short Magellan Small Magellan Medium Magellan Big Magellan Long Regular 1 Regular 1 Long Regular 16 Regular 32 Regular 48 Full Config Seaborg Serial Batch 16 Batch 32 Batch 64 Submit Queue all interactive debug premium regular low DOE Office all ASCR BER BES FES HEP NP Summary for jobs that completed after Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 @ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
How New Chemistry Findings Affect Our Understanding of the Weekend Effect --A Modeling Study
....................................................................................19 5 EFFECTS OF RENOXIFICATION ON THE WEEKEND EFFECT...............................25 5.1 MODEL Figure 2. An overlay of the terrain elevation data and wind profiles at 2 p.m. for (a) August 28, 1987 and (b) September 9, 1993 in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Wind speed decreases near the base
Dabdub, Donald
GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY ON WEEKENDS VS WORKING DAYS STUDIED BY PLANETARY AND LOCAL 3-HOURLY INDICES A, Tähteläntie 62, FIN-99600 Sodankylä, Finland In the 1970s it was found that the geomagnetic field had become-year planetary geomagnetic Ap index, the 131-year antipo- dal aa index, as well as the local
Ulich, Thomas
Improving energy usage
The Phillips Petroleum Company's Borger Refinery and NGL Process Center Energy Conservation program has been one of surveying, making revisions and additions to, and redesign of processes and equipment to conserve energy. Special emphasis has been placed on minimizing energy usage in the design of new processes in the plants. In 1972 an average of 758,800 Btu's were used to process each barrel of fresh charge. Now 7.5 days of fresh charge are being saved to the plant each year. The energy-use reduction programs discussed were: (1) furnace and boiler excess-oxygen and combustibles control program; (2) installation of an Applied Automation, Inc., Fractionator Computer Control System named Optrol; and (3) the steam-trap program. 1 figure. (DP)
Haage, P.R.
HPSS Usage Examples at NERSC
Examples Advanced Usage Examples Transferring Data from Batch Jobs Once you have set up your automatic HPSS authentication you can access HPSS within batch scripts. Read More ...
The UCONABC usage control model
In this paper, we introduce the family of UCONABC models for usage control (UCON), which integrate Authorizations (A), oBligations (B), and Conditions (C). We call these core models because they address the essence of UCON, leaving ... Keywords: access control, digital rights management, privacy, trust, usage control
Jaehong Park; Ravi Sandhu
... soame. soc. socialist. soden. soft. solar. sold. sole. soley. solihull. solley. ... waveney. way. wealden. weapon. weather. webb. week. weekday. weekend ...
step 1: retrieve usage step 2: convert usage
planet #12;step 2: convert usage data to ghg electricity conversion EPA eGRID database provides state by state data on: lbs CO2 / MWh lbs NOx / MWH eGRID Massachusetts specific conversion factors only
Paulsson, Johan
Standby Conservation Plan No. 1: emergency weekend gasoline sales restrictions. Economic analysis
The Emergency Weekend Sales Restrictions Plan has been designed to conserve gasoline and diesel fuel normally used for social and recreational purposes. The plan would authorize the Secretary of Energy to impose restrictions on the retail sale of motor fuels during weekend hours, defined as Friday noon to Sunday midnight. Only certain types of commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles could purchase fuel during these hours. The implementation of the measure is examined relative to a baseline economy characterized by a 15% petroleum shortfall. It is estimated that the measure would save 246,000 barrels per day of motor fuels, principally gasoline. Because the saved fuel can be made available to other sectors of the economy that are less petroleum intensive, it is projected that GNP would rise by approximately $7 billion as a result of the measure. The impact of the measure would vary sharply from one sector of the economy to another, however, with some industries experiencing losses in revenue. The cost of imposing the measure is preliminarily estimated at $5.2 million for nine months.
Energy usage in super markets
The supermarket industry used 450 billion Btu's of energy each day, enough to heat 2 million homes. But more important than the overall energy usage is what energy is costing the supermarket operator; in many cases energy costs exceed rent. This special research report is designed to help the supermarket management determine if their stores are excessive energy users and to provide valuable data for planning remodels and new stores. The report is presented in five sections. The first two sections, General Observations and Monthly Electrical Usage and Demand Power, can easily be used by all supermarket operators. The third and fourth sections contain more detailed statistics that will be valuable to industry people who want to analyze energy usage more thoroughly. The statistics in section 1-4 are reported for various geographic regions and store sizes. Section five is the sample distribution which provides an insight into what other stores are using for refrigeration, lighting, etc. The information in this report is average for a typical supermarket and should be used only as that when compared to a specific supermarket facility.
Gerke, E.
Towards Sustainable Material Usage: Investigating Limits to ...
Presentation Title, Towards Sustainable Material Usage: Investigating Limits to ... secondary resources decreases energy consumption; this energy advantage�...
Resource and Fuels Usage Contacting the Authors
) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 577 24% Biomass 494 1190% Renewables 182 106% Nuclear 73 62% Coal 561 908 sectors · LDV is least carbon-intensive Total Energy (PJ) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 122 5% Biomass 891T activity) 9% line (218% PxT activity) In-State Emissions Total Energy (PJ) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 123
California at Davis, University of
Predicting hourly building energy usage
This article presents the results of an evaluation to identify the most accurate method for making hourly energy use predictions. The prediction of energy usage by HVAC systems is important for the purposes of HVAC diagnostics, system control, parameter and system identification, optimization and energy management. Many new techniques are now being applied to the analysis problems involved with predicting the future behavior of HVAC systems and deducing properties of these systems. Similar problems arise in most observational disciplines, including physics, biology and economics.
Kreider, J.F. (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering); Haberl, J.S. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
Device for monitoring utility usage
A device for monitoring utility usage for installation and use by homeowners and consumers with existing public utility meters having a disk that is mounted inside a transparent case and that rotates in response to electrical current usage, the device is described comprising: a disk rotation monitoring assembly for mounting on the exterior of the transparent case, said monitoring assembly comprising: (a) a sensor for sensing disk rotation speed and generating a signal in response thereto; and (b) means for mounting said sensor on the transparent case, said mounting means further comprising means for holding said sensor, means for attaching said holding means to the transparent case, and means for adjusting the position of said holding means to enable precise alignment of said sensor with the plane of the disk such that said sensor is in optical communication with the edge of said disk; one or more remote display terminals in electrical communication with said monitoring assembly, each of said one or more remote terminals comprising: (a) means for receiving said signal and processing said signal into utility consumption data; (b) an electronic memory for storing said data; (c) a visual display for displaying data in a reader-usable format about consumption; and (d) a display controller that enables selective displaying of any of said data on said visual display.
Green, R.G.
NEWTON: Blood Group Systems Usage
Blood Group Systems Usage Blood Group Systems Usage Name: Kishori Status: student Grade: n/a Location: Outside U.S. Country: India Date: Summer 2013 Question: What is the difference between MN blood group system and ABO bloodgroup system? Although, we nowadays prefer ABO blood groups why do we use MN blood groups in the forensic department? Replies: Humans actually have multiple blood antigens on the surface of our blood cells. Wikipedia says that there are over 50 different blood group antigens. ABO and Rh are just the most dominant. Rh actually has 3 alleles called C, D and E. So one could be CCddee, for example, but clinically, when referring to Rh, only the D antigen is considered. So MN is another system that is also present. The reason it would be considered in forensics is due to population genetics considerations. Certain combinations are found in different percentages depending on what ancestry a person is a part of. Humans evolved in isolation from each other and until relatively recently, were separated due to difficult travel/migration. But even though we can move around the planet easily now, we still carry the history of our ancestry in our DNA. M and N are codominant, like the ABO system.
EART 265 Lecture Notes: Energy Energy Usage
EART 265 Lecture Notes: Energy Energy Usage US per capita energy usage is 10 kW. This represents 1 of 2 kW. Euro- pean countries tend to use less energy per capita by a factor of 2. China's per capita/4 of the worldwide energy usage, and with 1/20th of the world population gives a global average power consumption
Nimmo, Francis
Memory Usage Considerations on Hopper
Memory Considerations Memory Considerations Memory Considerations Memory Usage Considerations on Hopper Most Hopper compute nodes have 32 GB of physical memory, but, not all that memory is available to user programs. Compute Node Linux (the kernel), the Lustre file system software, and message passing library buffers all consume memory, as does loading the executable into memory. Thus the precise memory available to an application varies. Approximately 31 GB of memory can be allocated from within an MPI program using all 24 cores per node, i.e., 1.29 GB per MPI task on average. If an application uses 12 MPI tasks per node, then each MPI task could use about 2.58 GB of memory. You may see an error message such as "OOM killer terminated this process." "OOM" means Out of Memory and it means that your code has exhausted the
Residential Energy Usage by Origin of Householder
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Home > Energy Users > Residential Home Page > Energy Usage by Origin of Householder. Consumption and Expenditures. NOTE: To View and/or Print PDF's ...
Exploring iPhone Usage: The Influence of Socioeconomic Differences on Smartphone Adoption, Usage and Usability
on device usage. Among our findings are that a large number of applications were uninstalled, lower SESExploring iPhone Usage: The Influence of Socioeconomic Differences on Smartphone Adoption, Usage. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2 Dept. of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX {rahmati, chad
Zhong, Lin
Usage analysis and the web of data
The workshop on Usage Analysis and the Web of Data (USEWOD2011) was the first workshop in the field to investigate combinations of usage data with semantics and the Web of Data. Questions the workshop aims to address are for example: How can semantics ...
Bettina Berendt; Laura Hollink; Vera Hollink; Markus Luczak-R�sch; Knud M�ller; David Vallet
Detecting and analyzing insecure component usage
Software is commonly built from reusable components that provide desired functionalities. Although component reuse significantly improves software productivity, insecure component usage can lead to security vulnerabilities in client applications. ... Keywords: differential testing, insecure component usage, testing and analysis of real-world software
Taeho Kwon; Zhendong Su
General Guidance on Data Usage and Management
General Guidance on Data Usage and Management General Guidance on Data Usage and Management Summary Data Usage Credit Data Management and Documentation: Introduction Our philosophy Data management Record measured values Zero versus missing value Metadata Data documentation Define variables Specify units Provide citations For additional information Summary Ensure long-term preservation of, and full and open access to, high-quality data sets Give proper credit to the researchers providing the data Provide thorough, yet simple, documentation: how the data were produced, what they mean Generate ASCII data and documentation files; they ensure readibility by virtually all users Define variable names and units Point to, or provide, important publications that further document the data Data usage CDIAC fully supports the July 1991 Policy Statements on Data Management for
ERP Usage in Practice: An Empirical Investigation
This study presents the results of an exploratory study of Fortune 1000 firms and their enterprise resource planning ERP usage, as well as benefits and changes they have realized from ERP. The study empirically examines ERP in these organizations to ...
Mary C. Jones; Randall Young
Material impacts on operational energy usage
Decisions regarding materials and construction of a building are made all the time in the architectural process, but thought is not always given to how those choices may affect the buildings ultimate energy usage and the ...
Love, Andrea, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Microsoft Word - Epoxy Usage Form.docx
Division Form Rev. 41111 Monthly Epoxy Usage Form (Weight in Grams) Date Initials CTD 101K Stycast Catalyst Epon Resin Epicure Part A Part B Part C 2850 24LV 815828 3140...
Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage...
Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Title Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Publication Type Journal Article Year of...
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Energy Usage Forecasts
Alphabetically Tools by Platform PC Mac UNIX Internet Tools by Country Related Links Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Quick and easy web-based tool that provides...
CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage ...
Page 1. CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage Policy ... CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage Policy ...
arXiv.org help - arXiv usage statistics
by major subject areas through January 2013 Access and download statistics: Today's usage for arXiv.org (not including mirrors) Institutional Usage Statistics: 2009, 2010,...
Regression Models for Demand Reduction based on Cluster Analysis of Load Profiles
on a tariff where all electric usage during summer on-peakare imposed for all electric usage that occurs weekdays,
Kiliccote, Sila
Learning from Consumers: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Demonstration and Consumer Education, Outreach, and Market Research Program
electricity and actual electricity demand to recharge PHEVs.the Project households, electricity demand to recharge theirAs with weekday electricity demand, most actual weekend
Kurani, Kenneth S; Axsen, Jonn; Caperello, Nicolette; Davies, Jamie; Stillwater, Tai
How Usage is Charged at NERSC
usage usage is charged How usage is charged MPP Charging (Computational Systems) When a job runs on a NERSC MPP system, such as Hopper, charges accrue against one of the user's repository allocations. The unit of accounting for these charges is the "MPP Hour". A parallel job is charged for exclusive use of each multi-core node allocated to the job. The MPP charge for such a job is calculated as the product of: the job's elapsed wall-clock time in hours, the number of nodes allocated to the job (regardless of the number actually used), the number of cores available on each allocated node, a machine charge factor (MCF) based on typical performance of the machine relative to Hopper (MCF=1.0), and a queue charge factor (QCF). Queue priority scheduling gives users
Automobile usage patterns. Highlight report. Volume XIV
A report is given as part of a series of studies dealing with general public behavior and attitudes towards energy conservation. Specifically, this study concentrates on automobile usage patterns. The study is based on 1,007 telephone interviews and includes topics such as car usage affected by lifestyle, car usage patterns, planned trips as compared with routine or spontaneous trips, times per week trip is usually made, analysis of trips, the extent to which shopping trips are done by phone instead of by car, willingness to cut out trips, factors deterring car use, and a summary which concludes that the primary way that people could cut down automobile use without eliminating leisure time use would be in more careful planning of trip for shopping and errands. Another important finding in this study is lack of sensitivity to gasoline prices. (GRA)
Rappeport, M.; Labaw, P.
Reducing the Energy Usage of Office Applications
In this paper, we demonstrate how component-based middleware can reduce the energy usage of closed-source applications. We rst describe how the Puppeteer system exploits well-dened interfaces exported by applications to modify their behavior. We then present a detailed study of the energy usage of Microsoft's PowerPoint application and show that adaptive policies can reduce energy expenditure by 49% in some instances. In addition, we use the results of the study to provide general advice to developers of applications and middleware that will enable them to create more energy-ecient software. 1
Jason Flinn; Eyal De Lara; M. Satyanarayanan; Dan S. Wallach; Willy Zwaenepoel; Willy
CloudMonitor: Profiling Power Usage
In Cloud Computing platforms the addition of hardware monitoring devices to gather power usage data can be impractical or uneconomical due to the large number of machines to be metered. CloudMonitor, a monitoring tool that can generate power models for software-based power estimation, can provide insights to the energy costs of deployments without additional hardware. Accurate power usage data leads to the possibility of Cloud providers creating a separate tariff for power and therefore incentivizing software developers to create energy-efficient applications.
Smith, James William; Ward, Jonathan Stuart; Sommerville, Ian
Identifying diverse usage behaviors of smartphone apps
Smartphone users are increasingly shifting to using apps as "gateways" to Internet services rather than traditional web browsers. App marketplaces for iOS, Android, and Windows Phone platforms have made it attractive for developers to deploy apps and ... Keywords: app usage behavior, smartphone apps
Qiang Xu; Jeffrey Erman; Alexandre Gerber; Zhuoqing Mao; Jeffrey Pang; Shobha Venkataraman
Energy usage of rotating biological contractor facilities
A recent US Environmental Protection Agency field study investigated the energy requirements for rotating biological contactor (RBC) units. The energy measurements for mechanically driven units varied considerably, but the overall average of 2.03 kW/shaft was very close to current manufacturer estimates. The power factor of most of the mechanically driven units was very low, and most installations could benefit from power factor correction. The energy requirements of air driven units also were highly variable and must be evaluated on an individual plant basis. The results of this study provide factual data on energy usage of RBC units, as well as a basis for developing design and operational considerations to reduce energy usage and maximize operational flexibility and plant performance. 9 references, 7 tables.
Gilbert, W.G.; Wheeler, J.F.; MacGregor, A.
Green Button Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage...
Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage Data Green Button Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage Data September 12, 2013 - 2:41pm Addthis At the White House...
Soy Protein ProductsChapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage
Soy Protein Products Chapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry AOCS Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage from the
New energy usage patterns in manufacturing
Long term energy demands of industrial societies will exceed energy production capabilities if present usage patterns remain unchanged. Thus the central core of the current energy dilemma involves the change from reliance on petroleum sources to the utilization of more plentiful energy resources. The two energy resources which are plentiful and the technology already exists for their development are coal and uranium. Several concepts of substituting electricity for oil and natural gas are presented.
Hauser, L.G.
Energy Usage Data Standard for US Smart Grid Passes Key ...
Energy Usage Data Standard for US Smart Grid Passes Key Advisory Panel Vote. From NIST Tech Beat: March 1, 2011. ...
The Impact of Residential Density on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption
residential transportation energy usage is vital for theDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2Density on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption with
Golob, Thomas F.; Brownstone, David
How Households Use Different Types of Vehicles: A Structural Driver Allocation and Usage Model
types Mini cars have approximately average usage. SubcompactCompact cars have greater than average usage only if theycar is driven morethan otherwise expected. The . -elationships between usage
Golob, Thomas F.; Kim, Seyoung; Ren, Weiping
The impact of residential density on vehicle usage and fuel consumption
on vehicle usage and energy consumption. Journal of Urbanon vehicle usage and fuel consumption Jinwon Kim and Davidon vehicle usage and fuel consumption* Jinwon Kim and David
Kim, Jinwon; Brownstone, David
An assessment of worldwide supercomputer usage
This report provides a comparative study of advanced supercomputing usage in Japan and the United States as of Spring 1994. It is based on the findings of a group of US scientists whose careers have centered on programming, evaluating, and designing high-performance supercomputers for over ten years. The report is a follow-on to an assessment of supercomputing technology in Europe and Japan that was published in 1993. Whereas the previous study focused on supercomputer manufacturing capabilities, the primary focus of the current work was to compare where and how supercomputers are used. Research for this report was conducted through both literature studies and field research in Japan.
Wasserman, H.J.; Simmons, M.L.; Hayes, A.H.
Reducing Energy Usage in Extractive Distillation
Butadiene 1:3 is separated from other C4-hydrocarbons
by extractive distillation in a
sieve plate tower. Prior to the development
work to be described, the pressure in the
extraction tower was controlled at a fixed
value. The tower pressure-boilup control loop
did not behave satisfactorily in the presence of
non-condensables which entered with the feed.
The capacity of the flooded reflux drum
condenser for the tower was limiting production
during summer months.
The tower pressure control loop was put on
manual. The pressure was allowed to drop to its
lowest attainable value for the existing
conditions of boilup and condenser cooling
capability. This manner of operation is known
as floating pressure control. By taking
advantage of the higher relative volatility at
the lower tower pressure, energy usage was
reduced and there was an increase in production
capacity. The tower operation at a lower
temperature reduced tower and reboiler fouling.
Substantial savings have resulted from these
improvements. The annual energy consumption has
been reduced by 25% and maximum productive
capacity is higher by 15%. The rate of tower
and reboiler fouling has not been fully
quantified but is greatly reduced. A more
stable tower operation has also contributed to
higher productivity and reduced energy usage.
Venting of non-condensables does not affect
tower stability and the operators have adapted
well to the new control strategy.
Saxena, A. C.; Bhandari, V. A.
University of California, Davis Long-Range Development Plan: A Davis Smart Mobility Model
etc. ) Parking on Campus/off Campus Car usage duringthe week Car usage on weekends General attitudes about cars
Shaheen, Susan
Shaheen, Susan; Rodier, Caroline J.; Finson, Rachel S.
Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Quick and easy web-based tool that provides free 14-day ahead energy usage forecasts based on the degree day forecasts for 1,200 stations in the U.S. and Canada. The user enters the daily non-weather base load and the usage per degree day weather factor; the tool applies the degree day forecast and displays the total energy usage forecast. Helpful FAQs explain the process and describe various options for the calculation of the base load and weather factor. Historical degree day reports and 14-day ahead degree day forecasts are available from the same site. Keywords degree days, historical weather, mean daily temperature, load calculation, energy simulation Validation/Testing Degree day data provided by AccuWeather.com, updated daily at 0700.
Cleaning optimization for reduced chemical usage
The use of dilute SC-1 (NH40H:H202:H20) chemistry cleaning processes for particle removal from silicon surfaces has been investigated. Dilute chemistries can be highly effective, especially when high- frequency acoustic energy (megasonics) is applied. The high particle removal efficacy of the dilute chemistry processes presumably arises due to increased double layer effects caused by reduced ionic strength. Dilute chemistry SC- I solutions exhibit somewhat reduced efficacy for removal of certain light organics; however, when dilute SC-1 is used along with other pre-gate cleaning steps (e.g. HF, SC-2, and piranha), then the overall cleaning sequence is quite effective. In addition to providing robust cleaning processes, dilute chemistries also result in significantly lower chemical and rinse water usage. Waste water treatment requirements are also lessened when dilute chemistry cleaning solutions are employed.
Resnick, P.J.; Simonson, G.C.; Matlock, C.A.; Kelly, M.J.
Child Care Availability and Usage Among Welfare Recipients
Child Care Availability and Usage Among Welfare Recipients 1the impact that the availability of nearby licensed care hasemployment and that the availability of nearby licensed care
Houston, Douglas; Ong, Paul M.
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY - Final
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY August 2005 Revised May 2007 Prepared for: The United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory DOE Gasification...
VEHICLE USAGE LOG Department ________________________________________ Vehicle Homebase ____________________________ Week Ended (Sunday) _________________
VEHICLE USAGE LOG Department ________________________________________ Vehicle Homebase of the owning Unit. Vehicle Homebase: Enter the City, Zip Code, Building, or other location designation. Week
Johnston, Daniel
Form EIA-457E (2001) -- Household Bottled Gas Usage
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Fuel Oil or Kerosene Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the...
NANOFAB TOOL USAGE RATES Effective 1/1/13
... Application specific training beyond general tool usage will require additional training time and should be discussed with process engineer prior to ...
Integrate Real-Time Weather with Thermostat Electrical Usage...
Xiufeng Pang Weather and its dynamics are big drivers of energy usage. Integration of key weather variables - solar, wind, and temperature - into home energy management and demand...
Usage derived recommendations for a video digital library
We describe a minimalist methodology to develop usage-based recommender systems for multimedia digital libraries. A prototype recommender system based on this strategy was implemented for the Open Video Project, a digital library of videos that are freely ... Keywords: Open Video Project, Recommender systems, Usage analysis, Video
Johan Bollen; Michael L. Nelson; Gary Geisler; Raquel Araujo
A MOOS MODULE FOR MONITORING ENERGY USAGE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES Anthony Kanago, Kevin Roos, James--Tracking the energy usage of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and making accurate data available provides especially effectively in energy-aware systems, allowing inspection vehicles (which typically travel farther
Idaho, University of
Cloud resource usage: extreme distributions invalidating traditional capacity planning models
For years Capacity Planning professionals knew or suspected that various characteristics of computer usage have non-normal distribution. At the same time much of the traditional workload modeling and forecasting is based on mathematical techniques assuming ... Keywords: capacity planning, power law, probability distributions, resource usage, volatility
Charles Z. Loboz
Towards appliance usage prediction for home energy management
In this paper, we address the problem of predicting the usage of home appliances where a key challenge is to model the everyday routine of homeowners and the inter-dependency between the use of different appliances. To this end, we propose an agent based ... Keywords: home energy management, usage prediction
Ngoc Cuong Truong, Long Tran-Thanh, Enrico Costanza, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Residential energy usage comparison project: An overview
This report provides an overveiw of the residential energy usage comparison project, an integrated load and market research project sponsored by EPRI and the Southern California Edison Company. Traditional studies of the relative energy consumption of electric and gas household appliances have relied on laboratory analyses and computer simulations. This project was designed to study the appliance energy consumption patterns of actual households. Ninety-two households in Orange County, California, southeast of Los Angeles, served as the study sample. Half of the households received new electric space-conditioning, water-heating, cooking, and clothes-drying equipment; the other half received gas equipment. The electric space-conditioning and water-heating appliances were heat pump technologies. All of the appliances were metered to collect load-shape and energy consumption data. The households were also surveyed periodically to obtain information on their energy needs and their acceptance of the appliances. The metered energy consumption data provide an important benchmark for comparing the energy consumption and costs of alternative end-use technologies. The customer research results provide new insights into customer preferences for fuel and appliance types. 15 figs., 3 tabs.
Smith, B.A.; Uhlaner, R.T.; Cason, T.N. (Quantum Consulting, Inc., Berkeley, CA (USA))
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY August 2005 Revised May 2007 Prepared for: The United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory DOE Gasification Technology Manager: Gary J. Stiegel DOE Project Manager: James R. Longanbach Project Manager: Michael D. Rutkowski Principal Investigators: Michael G. Klett Norma J. Kuehn Ronald L. Schoff Vladimir Vaysman Jay S. White Power Plant Water Usage and Loss Study i August 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... I LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................................III
residential transportation energy usage is vital for theDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption ReferencesDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-
Golob, Thomas F; Brownstone, David
the first car. Mid-size car usage also involves the secondTypes Mini cars have approximately average usage. SubcompactCompact cars have greater than average usage only if they
Golob, Thomas F.; Kim, Seyoung K.; Ren, Weiping Willliam
Video game console usage and national energy consumption: Results from a field-metering study
of usage nationwide, we can estimate total national energythe total combined energy use. 3. Average usage over alltotal game console usage, this suggests that an appreciable fraction of console energy
Desroches, Louis-Benoit
on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption References Bento,Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-05-1 Thomason Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Thomas F. Golob
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry.
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Speaker(s): Philip Henderson Date: October 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Janie Page There has been much discussion about the use of customer energy usage information to deliver value, such as with benchmarking tools that compare energy use in a building to a peer set, continuous commissioning services that diagnose faults in building systems, and tools that estimate expected savings from upgrades. A utility can use customer information to deliver these kinds of services to its customers directly, but most utilities today do not enable companies to obtain a customer's energy usage information in a systematic, automated way to deliver services to the customer, even if
People are Strange: Current Behavioral Insights into Energy Usage
People are Strange: Current Behavioral Insights into Energy Usage Speaker(s): Susan Mazur-Stommen Date: October 10, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-1099 Seminar HostPoint of Contact:...
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry...
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Speaker(s): Philip Henderson Date: October 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact:...
Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Speaker(s): Rich Brown Date: May 16, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Was explosive growth in electricity...
Memory Usage Inference for Object-Oriented Programs
We present a type-based approach to statically derive symbolic closed-form formulae that characterize the bounds of heap memory usages of programs written in object-oriented languages. Given a program with size and alias ...
Nguyen, Huu Hai
Usage of Appliances in U - Energy Information Administration
U.S. Households Usage of Appliances in 1997. Household PCs by Year. The number of personal computers (PCs) in U.S. households has risen from zero in 1976, when the ...
UC Libraries Academic e-Book Usage Survey
Usage Study [Q1. Create condition: academic e-book users] 1.Do you use e-books for your academic work? (Select one) a.you generally prefer print books or e-books? (Select one) a.
Li, Chan; Poe, Felicia; Potter, Michele; Quigley, Brian; Wilson, Jacqueline
RECS Propane Usage Form_v1 (Draft).xps
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
propane usage for this housing unit between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total Dollar...
FATIGUEPRO: On-Line Fatigue Usage Transient Monitoring System
FATIGUEPRO accurately monitors plant data to calculate actual fatigue usage for critical nuclear plant components. This system should improve plant reliability and contribute to plant life extension by providing a more realistic estimation of fatigue demands.
NanoFab User Facility Usage Fee Schedule
Page 1. NanoFab User Facility Usage Fee Schedule Effective 11/1/09 Tool Full Rate ($/hr) Reduced Rate ($/hr) Base NanoFab Use 60 30 ...
Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions October 7, 2013 - 11:46am Addthis YOU ARE HERE: Step 2 As Federal agencies work to identify opportunities for right-sizing the fleet and replacing inefficient vehicles with new, efficient, and/or alternatively fueled models to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, they should flag potential mission constraints associated with vehicle usage. This may involve further data collection to understand the mission considerations associated with individual vehicles. For instance, in Figure 1, Vehicle 004 appears to be underutilized, having both a low user-to-vehicle ratio and a relatively low time in use per day. However,
"Table HC15.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Lighting Usage...
characteristics on household residential choice and auto2009. The impact of residential density on vehicle usage and2010-05) The impact of residential density on vehicle usage
Understanding total residential transportation energy usageon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption total annual fuelUsage and Energy Consumption Gasoline-equivalent gallons per year total
Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2 Housing Unitsresidential vehicular energy consumption is graphed as aon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption with vehicles, but
2011 Radioactive Materials Usage Survey for Unmonitored Point Sources
This report provides the results of the 2011 Radioactive Materials Usage Survey for Unmonitored Point Sources (RMUS), which was updated by the Environmental Protection (ENV) Division's Environmental Stewardship (ES) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). ES classifies LANL emission sources into one of four Tiers, based on the potential effective dose equivalent (PEDE) calculated for each point source. Detailed descriptions of these tiers are provided in Section 3. The usage survey is conducted annually; in odd-numbered years the survey addresses all monitored and unmonitored point sources and in even-numbered years it addresses all Tier III and various selected other sources. This graded approach was designed to ensure that the appropriate emphasis is placed on point sources that have higher potential emissions to the environment. For calendar year (CY) 2011, ES has divided the usage survey into two distinct reports, one covering the monitored point sources (to be completed later this year) and this report covering all unmonitored point sources. This usage survey includes the following release points: (1) all unmonitored sources identified in the 2010 usage survey, (2) any new release points identified through the new project review (NPR) process, and (3) other release points as designated by the Rad-NESHAP Team Leader. Data for all unmonitored point sources at LANL is stored in the survey files at ES. LANL uses this survey data to help demonstrate compliance with Clean Air Act radioactive air emissions regulations (40 CFR 61, Subpart H). The remainder of this introduction provides a brief description of the information contained in each section. Section 2 of this report describes the methods that were employed for gathering usage survey data and for calculating usage, emissions, and dose for these point sources. It also references the appropriate ES procedures for further information. Section 3 describes the RMUS and explains how the survey results are organized. The RMUS Interview Form with the attached RMUS Process Form(s) provides the radioactive materials survey data by technical area (TA) and building number. The survey data for each release point includes information such as: exhaust stack identification number, room number, radioactive material source type (i.e., potential source or future potential source of air emissions), radionuclide, usage (in curies) and usage basis, physical state (gas, liquid, particulate, solid, or custom), release fraction (from Appendix D to 40 CFR 61, Subpart H), and process descriptions. In addition, the interview form also calculates emissions (in curies), lists mrem/Ci factors, calculates PEDEs, and states the location of the critical receptor for that release point. [The critical receptor is the maximum exposed off-site member of the public, specific to each individual facility.] Each of these data fields is described in this section. The Tier classification of release points, which was first introduced with the 1999 usage survey, is also described in detail in this section. Section 4 includes a brief discussion of the dose estimate methodology, and includes a discussion of several release points of particular interest in the CY 2011 usage survey report. It also includes a table of the calculated PEDEs for each release point at its critical receptor. Section 5 describes ES's approach to Quality Assurance (QA) for the usage survey. Satisfactory completion of the survey requires that team members responsible for Rad-NESHAP (National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants) compliance accurately collect and process several types of information, including radioactive materials usage data, process information, and supporting information. They must also perform and document the QA reviews outlined in Section 5.2.6 (Process Verification and Peer Review) of ES-RN, 'Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Rad-NESHAP Compliance Project' to verify that all information is complete and correct.
Sturgeon, Richard W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Associating Internet usage with depressive behavior among college students
Abstract � Depression is a mental health problem affecting a large population of college students. Since college students are active users of the Internet today, investigating associations between symptoms of depression and Internet usage has been an active area of research. While existing studies do provide critical insights, they are limited due to the fact that Internet usage of subjects is characterized by means of self-reported surveys only. In this paper, we report our findings on a month long experiment conducted at Missouri University of Science and Technology on associating depressive symptoms among college students and Internet usage using real Internet data collected continuously, unobtrusively and preserving privacy. In our study, 216 undergraduates were surveyed for depressive symptoms using the CES-D scale. We then collected their on-campus Internet usage via Cisco NetFlow records. Subsequent analysis revealed that several Internet usage features like average packets per flow, peer-to-peer (octets, packets and duration), chat octets, mail (packets and duration), ftp duration, and remote file octets exhibit a statistically significant correlation with depressive symptoms. Additionally, Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed that average packets per flow, remote file octets, chat (octets, packets and duration) and flow duration entropy demonstrate statistically significant differences in the mean values across groups with and without depressive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that associates depressive symptoms among college students with continuously collected real Internet data.
Raghavendra Kotikalapudi; Frances Montgomery; Donald Wunsch
The evaluation of scholarly communication items is now largely a matter of expert opinion or metrics derived from citation data. Both approaches can fail to take into account the myriad of factors that shape scholarly impact. Usage data has emerged as a promising complement to existing methods o fassessment but the formal groundwork to reliably and validly apply usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact is lacking. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded MESUR project constitutes a systematic effort to define, validate and cross-validate a range of usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact by creating a semantic model of the scholarly communication process. The constructed model will serve as the basis of a creating a large-scale semantic network that seamlessly relates citation, bibliographic and usage data from a variety of sources. A subsequent program that uses the established semantic network as a reference data set will determine the characteristics and semantics of a variety of usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact. This paper outlines the architecture and methodology adopted by the MESUR project and its future direction.
BOLLEN, JOHAN [Los Alamos National Laboratory; RODRIGUEZ, MARKO A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; VAN DE SOMPEL, HERBERT [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The use of web structure and content to identify subjectively interesting web usage patterns
The discipline of Web Usage Mining has grown rapidly in the past few years, despite the crash of the e-commerce boom of the late 1990s. Web Usage Mining is the application of data mining techniques to Web clickstream data in order to extract usage patterns. ... Keywords: Data mining, Web usage mining, World Wide Web
Robert Cooley
A practical ontology for the large-scale modeling of scholarly artifacts and their usage
The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. ... Keywords: resource description framework and schema, semantic networks, web ontology language
Marko A. Rodriguez; Johan Bollen; Herbert Van de Sompel
Potentials and limits of secondary spectrum usage by CDMA base stations
With the progress of transmission technology and fast growing demand for ubiquitous high speed wireless services, it is clear that the pressure towards more flexibility in usage of limited spectrum will increase. With concept of spectrum sharing, in ... Keywords: primary exclusive region (PER), secondary spectrum usage, secondary usage allowable region (SAR), secondary usage prohibitive region (SPR)
Eun-Hee Shin; Dongwoo Kim
Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results |
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Agency/Company /Organization: BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport Focus Area: Fuels & Efficiency Topics: Best Practices Website: cenbio.iee.usp.br/download/publicacoes/SAE_BEST_2010.pdf This paper presents the BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport (BEST) project in Brazil, its partners, and the results from the demonstration tests performed in field, as well as the proposals of public policies that were elaborated and are being implemented. The BEST project was implemented in Sao Paulo as well as eight other cities located in Europe and Asia. How to Use This Tool
F (2001) -- Household Natural Gas Usage Form F (2001) -- Household Natural Gas Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the Household Natural Gas Usage Form What is the purpose of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey? The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) collects data on energy consumption and expenditures in U.S. housing units. Over 5,000 statistically selected households across the U.S. have already provided information about their household, the physical characteristics of their housing unit, their energy-using equipment, and their energy suppliers. Now we are requesting the energy billing records for these households from each of their energy suppliers. After all this information has been collected, the information will be used to
Definition: Reduced Oil Usage (Not Monetized) | Open Energy Information
Usage (Not Monetized) Usage (Not Monetized) Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Reduced Oil Usage (Not Monetized) The functions that provide this benefit eliminate the need to send a line worker or crew to the switch or capacitor locations to operate them eliminate the need for truck rolls to perform diagnosis of equipment condition, and reduce truck rolls for meter reading and measurement purposes. This reduces the fuel consumed by a service vehicle or line truck. The use of plug-in electric vehicles can also lead to this benefit since the electrical energy used by plug-in electric vehicles displaces the equivalent amount of oil.[1] References ↑ SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Benefits' An LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. inline Glossary Definition
APS Guideline for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage
Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage Introduction CAT/XSD recognizes that the misuse and improper maintenance of hand tools and portable power tools cause a significant number of injuries to even "experienced" workers. Consequently, CAT/XSD has adopted the following policies and procedures to minimize the hazards associated with the use of such equipment at the APS. These guidelines apply to all use of hand tools and portable power tools by CAT/XSD personnel while performing maintenance or installation activities at the APS. Although CAT/XSD feels that most of the guidelines also apply to tool usage during experimental activities, CAT/XSD will not require that short-term users complete the training described below. Using Tools Safely If you have not had formal training in the use of common tools, either view
Mining Software Usage with the Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD)
Tracking software usage is important for HPC centers, computer vendors, code developers and funding agencies to provide more efficient and targeted software support, and to forecast needs and guide HPC software effort towards the Exascale era. However, accurately tracking software usage on HPC systems has been a challenging task. In this paper, we present a tool called Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) that has been developed and put in production on several Cray systems. The ALTD infrastructure prototype automatically and transparently stores information about libraries linked into an application at compilation time and also the executables launched in a batch job. We will illustrate the usage of libraries, compilers and third party software applications on a system managed by the National Institute for Computational Sciences.
Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL
E (2001) - Household Electricity Usage Form E (2001) - Household Electricity Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the Household Electricity Usage Form What is the purpose of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey? The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) collects data on energy consumption and expenditures in U.S. housing units. Over 5,000 statistically selected households across the U.S. have already provided information about their household, the physical characteristics of their housing unit, their energy-using equipment, and their energy suppliers. Now we are requesting the energy billing records for these households from each of their energy suppliers. After all this information has been collected, the information will be used to
Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) | Department of Energy
Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public Utility Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Systems Integrator Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Water Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Missouri Program Type Environmental Regulations Provider Missouri Department of Natural Resources Any water user with the capability to withdraw or divert 100,000 gallons or more per day from any stream, river, lake, well, spring or other water source must register and file for a permit for water withdrawal and diversion from the Department of Natural Resources. Additionally, no major
Traffic characterization and internet usage in rural Africa
While Internet connectivity has reached a significant part of the world's population, those living in rural areas of the developing world are still largely disconnected. Recent efforts have provided Internet connectivity to a growing number of remote ... Keywords: internet usage, interviews, rural networks
David L. Johnson; Veljko Pejovic; Elizabeth M. Belding; Gertjan van Stam
Editorial Style Guide: Word List and General Usage
The EPRI "Editorial Style Guide," together with the Company's "Graphic Standards Guide," provides information for building a strong corporate identity in EPRI publications. Providing lists of frequently used terms, EPRI software, and chemical elements, plus examples of word usage, the style guide can help authors both develop text efficiently and economically and brand EPRI as an integrated, global science and technology company.
Security Implications of Typical Grid Computing Usage Scenarios
Grid Computing consists of a collection of heterogeneous computers and resources spread across multiple administrative domains with the intent of providing users uniform access to these resources. There are many ways to access the resources of a Grid, ... Keywords: Global Grid Forum, Globus, Grid Computing, Legion, computer security, usage scenarios
Marty Humphrey; Mary R. Thompson
Resource usage analysis for a functional language with exceptions
Igarashi and Kobayashi have proposed a general type system for checking whether resources such as files and memory are accessed in a valid manner. Their type system is, however, for call-by-value ?-calculus with resource primitives, and does not ... Keywords: effect system, exception, resource usage analysis, type inference, type system
Futoshi Iwama; Atsushi Igarashi; Naoki Kobayashi
Forecasting multi-appliance usage for smart home energy management
We address the problem of forecasting the usage of multiple electrical appliances by domestic users, with the aim of providing suggestions about the best time to run appliances in order to reduce carbon emissions and save money (assuming time-of-use ...
Ngoc Cuong Truong, James McInerney, Long Tran-Thanh, Enrico Costanza, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Identifying and Testing the Inhibitors of Technology Usage Intentions
An important area of information systems (IS) research has been the identification of the individual-level beliefs that enable technology acceptance such as the usefulness, reliability, and flexibility of a system. This study posits the existence of ... Keywords: inhibitors, nonacceptance, technology rejection, usage intentions
Ronald T. Cenfetelli; Andrew Schwarz
Exploiting Service Usage Information for Optimizing Server Resource Management
It is often difficult to tune the performance of modern component-based Internet services because: (1) component middleware are complex software systems that expose several independently tuned server resource management mechanisms; (2) session-oriented ... Keywords: Internet application, client behavior, component middleware, optimization, quality-of-service, server resource management, service usage information
Alexander Totok; Vijay Karamcheti
Fuel bundle design for enhanced usage of plutonium fuel
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A nuclear fuel bundle includes a square array of fuel rods each having a concentration of enriched uranium and plutonium. Each rod of an interior array of the rods also has a concentration of gadolinium. The interior array of rods is surrounded by an exterior array of rods void of gadolinium. By this design, usage of plutonium in the nuclear reactor is enhanced.
Reese, Anthony P. (San Jose, CA); Stachowski, Russell E. (Fremont, CA)
Designation of facility usage categories for Hanford Site facilities
This report summarizes the Hanford Site methodology used to ensure facility compliance with the natural phenomena design criteria set forth in the US Department of Energy Orders and guidance. The current Hanford Site methodology for Usage Category designation is based on an engineered feature's safety function and on the feature's assigned Safety Class. At the Hanford Site, Safety Class assignments are deterministic in nature and are based on teh consequences of failure, without regard to the likelihood of occurrence. The report also proposes a risk-based approach to Usage Category designation, which is being considered for future application at the Hanford Site. To establish a proper Usage Category designation, the safety analysis and engineering design processes must be coupled. This union produces a common understanding of the safety function(s) to be accomplished by the design feature(s) and a sound basis for the assignment of Usage Categories to the appropriate systems, structures, and components. 4 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Woodrich, D.D.; Ellingson, D.R.; Scott, M.A.; Schade, A.R.
Determine Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas
Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions Determine Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions October 7, 2013 - 11:42am Addthis YOU ARE HERE Step 2 Once a Federal agency has identified its most important mobile greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources overall, it can work with individual sites to determine vehicle usage and refueling trends. Agencies can compare the results of this analysis to internal standards and requirements to identify GHG mitigation opportunities for assets that are underperforming or underutilized. Two examples of this type of analysis focus on: Alternative fuel consumption Vehicle utilization. Figure 1 - An image of a vertical, stacked bar chart titled 'Alternative Fuel Use in AFVs.' The frequency data axis is labeled 'Gallons of Gasoline Equivalent' with a scale of 0-1,400,000 in increments of 200,000. The stacked bar labeled 'CNG Dual Fuel Vehicles' shows CNG from 0-300,000 gallons and Gasoline from 300,000-800,000 gallons. The stacked bar labeled 'E-85 Flex Fuel Vehicles' shows E85 from 0-1,000,000 gallons and Gasoline from 1,000,000-1,250,000 gallons.
customer�s default electricity tariff, natural gas prices,NetApp electricity prices are based on utility tariffs intariffs during the weekends (as compared to the weekdays) results in the CCP system remaining always off, as purchase of electricity
Norwood, Zack
"Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Mi...
Kenworthy (1989a). Gasoline consumption and cities. Journalon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption References Bento,Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-05-1 Thomas
Towards sustainable material usage : time-dependent evaluation of upgrading technologies for recycling
As consumption in the US grows, so does concern about sustainable materials usage. Increasing recycling is a key component within a broad arsenal of strategies for moving towards sustainable materials usage. There are many ...
Gaustad, Gabrielle G
Residential hot water usage: A review of published metered studies. Topical report, August-December 1994
The report presents a review of residential hot water usage studies. The studies included were published and publicly available, they measured actual hot water usage or energy usage, and they had sufficient demographic information to determine the number of people per household. The available hot water usage data were normalized to a 135 F setpoint temperature to eliminate the variations in usage caused by different water heater thermostat settings. Typical hot water usage as a function of family size was determined from linear regression analyses of the normalized metered studies` data points. A national average hot water usage of 53 gallons per day was determined from the regression analyses and census data on average household size. The review of metered studies also shows that there is no discernible difference in hot water usage for households with either electric or gas water heaters.
Paul, D.D.; Ide, B.E.; Hartford, P.A.
Audit Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio Field Office and...
Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio Field Office and the Fernald and Miamisburg Environmental Management Projects," ER-B-99-04 Audit Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio...
A nuclear fuel bundle includes a square array of fuel rods each having a concentration of enriched uranium and plutonium. Each rod of an interior array of the rods also has a concentration of gadolinium. The interior array of rods is surrounded by an exterior array of rods void of gadolinium. By this design, usage of plutonium in the nuclear reactor is enhanced. 10 figs.
Reese, A.P.; Stachowski, R.E.
Red Storm usage model :Version 1.12.
Red Storm is an Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) funded massively parallel supercomputer located at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The Red Storm Usage Model (RSUM) documents the capabilities and the environment provided for the FY05 Tri-Lab Level II Limited Availability Red Storm User Environment Milestone and the FY05 SNL Level II Limited Availability Red Storm Platform Milestone. This document describes specific capabilities, tools, and procedures to support both local and remote users. The model is focused on the needs of the ASC user working in the secure computing environments at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and SNL. Additionally, the Red Storm Usage Model maps the provided capabilities to the Tri-Lab ASC Computing Environment (ACE) requirements. The ACE requirements reflect the high performance computing requirements for the ASC community and have been updated in FY05 to reflect the community's needs. For each section of the RSUM, Appendix I maps the ACE requirements to the Limited Availability User Environment capabilities and includes a description of ACE requirements met and those requirements that are not met in that particular section. The Red Storm Usage Model, along with the ACE mappings, has been issued and vetted throughout the Tri-Lab community.
Jefferson, Karen L.; Sturtevant, Judith E.
console usage and national energy consumption: Results fromNational Energy Consumption .Discussion National Energy Consumption Under the assumption
Leveraging usage similarity for effective retrieval of examples in code repositories
Developers often learn to use APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) by looking at existing examples of API usage. Code repositories contain many instances of such usage of APIs. However, conventional information retrieval techniques fail to perform ... Keywords: api usage, code search, software information retrieval, ssi, structural semantic indexing
Sushil K. Bajracharya; Joel Ossher; Cristina V. Lopes
An Empirical Analysis of User Content Generation and Usage Behavior on the Mobile Internet
We quantify how user mobile Internet usage relates to unique characteristics of the mobile Internet. In particular, we focus on examining how the mobile-phone-based content generation behavior of users relates to content usage behavior. The key objective ... Keywords: content generation, content usage, geographical mobility, identification, interdependence, mobile Internet, social networks
Anindya Ghose; Sang Pil Han
Polytechnic Institute of New York University GRAPHIC STANDARDS AND LOGO USAGE GUIDE
, some machines' memory usage are always relatively lightly-loaded (the green lines shown in the figure, and also investigate valuable statistics of machine's maximum load, queue state and relative usage levels describe dynamic metrics, such as queue state, and relative usage levels compared to capacities
Aronov, Boris
"Same same but different" how service contexts of mobile technologies shape usage motives and barriers
As wireless technologies evolve, mobile technologies and services will increasingly affect our lives, accompanied by positive and negative effects. This development requires a high acceptance of users to the presence of mobile services in various usage ... Keywords: ICT, acceptance, medical technologies, system design, usage barriers, usage motives
Katrin Arning; Sylvia Gaul; Martina Ziefle
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results
An advanced electronically ballasted lighting control system was installed in a portion of an office building to measure the energy and demand savings. The lighting control system used an integrated lighting control scenario that included daylight following, lumen depreciation correction, and scheduling. The system reduced lighting energy on weekdays by 62% and 51% in the north and south daylit zones, respectively, compared to a reference zone that did not have controls. During the summer, over 75% energy savings were achieved on weekdays in the north daylit zone. Even in the south interior zone, which benefitted lime from daylight, correction strategies and adjustment of the aisleway lights to a low level resulted in energy use of only half that of the reference zone. Although, in general, the savings varied over the year due to changing daylight conditions, the energy reduction achieved with controls could be fit using a simple analytical model. Significant savings also occurred during core operating hours when it is more expensive to supply and use energy. Compared to the usage in the reference zone, energy reductions of 49%, 44%, and 62% were measured in the south daylight, south interior, and north daylight zones, respectively, during core operating hours throughout the year. Lighting energy usage on weekends decreased dramatically in the zones with controls, with the usage in the north daylit zone only 10% that of the reference zone. A simple survey developed to assess occupant response to the lighting control system showed that the occupants were satisfied with the light levels provided.
Rubinstein, F. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results. Final report, July 1991
Rubinstein, F. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. As a remedy to the third constraint, this article presents a scholarly ontology that was engineered to represent those classes for which large-scale bibliographic and usage data exists, supports usage research, and whose instantiation is scalable to the order of 50 million articles along with their associated artifacts (e.g. authors and journals) and an accompanying 1 billion usage events. The real world instantiation of the presented abstract ontology is a semantic network model of the scholarly community which lends the scholarly process to statistical analysis and computational support. They present the ontology, discuss its instantiation, and provide some example inference rules for calculating various scholarly artifact metrics.
RODRIGUEZ, MARKO A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; BOLLEN, JOHAN [Los Alamos National Laboratory; VAN DE SOMPEL, HERBERT [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Use of nanofiltration to reduce cooling tower water usage.
Nanofiltration (NF) can effectively treat cooling-tower water to reduce water consumption and maximize water usage efficiency of thermoelectric power plants. A pilot is being run to verify theoretical calculations. A side stream of water from a 900 gpm cooling tower is being treated by NF with the permeate returning to the cooling tower and the concentrate being discharged. The membrane efficiency is as high as over 50%. Salt rejection ranges from 77-97% with higher rejection for divalent ions. The pilot has demonstrated a reduction of makeup water of almost 20% and a reduction of discharge of over 50%.
Sanchez, Andres L.; Everett, Randy L.; Jensen, Richard Pearson; Cappelle, Malynda A.; Altman, Susan Jeanne
FPGA curved track fitter with very low resource usage
Standard least-squares curved track fitting process is tailored for FPGA implementation. The coefficients in the fitting matrices are carefully chosen so that only shift and accumulation operations are used in the process. The divisions and full multiplications are eliminated. Comparison in an application example shows that the fitting errors of the low resource usage implementation are less than 4% bigger than the fitting errors of the exact least-squares algorithm. The implementation is suitable for low-cost, low-power applications such as high energy physics detector trigger systems.
Wu, Jin-Yuan; Wang, M.; Gottschalk, E.; Shi, Z.; /Fermilab
Research and development opportunities for improved transportation energy usage. (REDOTEUS)
The document is a draft of the final report of the Transportation Energy Panel (TEP) prepared for the Office of Science and Technology. The report attempts to assess the relevant technology for improving the usage by the transportation sector of the energy resources of the nation. In pursuit of its study, TEP sponsored several workshops, briefings, and coordination meetings which had personnel from a variety of Federal, academic, and industrial organizations. Emphasis was given both to transportation demands and to relevant technology assessment. (GRA)
Woodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2011 I Hudson Consulting I September 2011
Recycled fibre Energy crops, forest residues and tree stumps The first reports on wood fuel usage data hadWoodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2011 I Hudson Consulting I September 2011 Woodfuel Demand and Usage in Scotland Report 2011 #12;Woodfuel Usage Update 2 I Wood fuel use in Scotland
Usage based indicators to assess the impact of scholarly works: architecture and method
Although recording of usage data is common in scholarly information services, its exploitation for the creation of value-added services remains limited due to concerns regarding, among others, user privacy, data validity, and the lack of accepted standards for the representation, sharing and aggregation of usage data. A technical, standards-based architecture for sharing usage information is presented. In this architecture, OpenURL-compliant linking servers aggregate usage information of a specific user community as it navigates the distributed information environment that it has access to. This usage information is made OAI-PMH harvestable so that usage information exposed by many linking servers can be aggregated to facilitate the creation of value-added services with a reach beyond that of a single community or a single information service.
Bollen, Johan (Santa Fe, NM); Van De Sompel, Herbert (Santa Fe, NM)
A ranking and exploration service based on large-scale usage data
This poster presents the architecture and user interface of a prototype service that was designed to allow end-users to explore the s tructure of science and perform assessments of scholarly impact on the basis of large-scale usage data. The underlying usage data set was constructed by the NIESUR project which collected 1 billion usage events from a wide range of publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia.
Bollen, Johan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Van De Sompel, Herbert L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balakireva, Lyudmila L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chute, Ryan M [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Department of Energy Federal Acquisition Regulation Clause Usage Guide
Type of Contract: FP SUP Fixed-Price Supply CR SUP Cost-Reimbursement Supply FP SVC Fixed-Price Service CR SVC Cost Reimbursement Service FP CON Fixed-Price Construction CR CON Cost Reimbursement Construction T&M LH Time & Material, Labor Hours FP A-E Fixed Price Architect-Engineer CR A-E Cost Reimbursement Architect-Engineer Comm. Items Commercial Items M&O Management & Operating Other Fac. Mgmt. Other Facility Management SAP Simplified Acquisition Procedures Clause Usage R Required A Required When Applicable NA Not Applicable Provision or Clause (Click on clause number to see its text and prescription FP Sup. CR Sup. FP Serv. Cost Serv. FP Cons. Cost Cons. T&M. L.H. FP A- E Cost A-E Com. Items. M&O Other
Trends in Building Energy Usage in Texas State Agencies
In late 1983, a cost containment program was initiated out of the governor's office directed at the major state agencies. The Energy Management Group at Texas A&M University provided technical expertise in obtaining agency energy usage and cost figures for the fiscal years 1981 to 1983. While there is considerable diversity from agency to agency, the trend is toward dramatically higher energy cost per square foot for virtually all agencies. This alarming trend can be partially explained by rising unit costs for gas and electricity and a lack of incentives for conservation efforts due to the method of utility budget allocations. A building standard signed into law in 1976 could have reduced energy consumption, but was never enforced. Beginning in fiscal year 1986, universities will be allowed to comingle utility money with capital operating money so that conservation can really pay off for them.
Murphy, W. E.; Turner, W. D.; O'Neal, D. L.; Seshan, S.
Commercial Building HVAC Energy Usage in Semi-Tropical Climates
The design of heating and cooling equipment in semi-tropical climates presents some design considerations and limitations not so prevalent in temperate climates. In some cases, the heating season may be non-existent for all practical purposes. Another consideration is the high ventilation loads due to cooling the moist air prevalent in semi-tropical climates. This paper describes a computer program which assesses all the pertinent variables which comprise the annual heating and cooling energy requirements for commercial buildings. It is then suggested that this computer program would be valuable in determining the changes one could expect in annual energy usage by varying certain building design parameters. Secondly, a small office building actually constructed in Central Florida in which the author designed the Heating and Cooling HVAC system is described. Tradeoffs are presented showing the effects of changes in these building design parameters.
Worbs, H. E.
Comparison of Bandwidth Usage: Service Location Protocol and Jini
Recently there has been an increase in the development of technologies for resource discovery, since for example, resources such as printers, mail boxes, memory space, and disk space are available in every network, ready to be used for any host. This has been caused, in part, by the growth in the popularity of portable devices such as laptops, PDAs, and cell phones which require configuration each time they attach to a new network segment. Since the configuration of such devices is tedious and sometimes complicated, there have been some attempts in past years to solve this problem, such as the DHCP approach. This paper focuses on the bandwidth analysis of two new approaches for dealing with resource discovery: the Service Location Protocol (SLP) and Jini. This work is particularly important since the communication among the devices is often wireless, whereas bandwidth is a limited resource. We present equations for characterizing the usage of bandwidth made by SLP and Jini, bas...
Javier Govea; Michel Barbeau
A Computational Grid is a collection of heterogeneous computers and resources spread across multiple administrative domains with the intent of providing users uniform access to these resources. There are many ways to access the resources of a Computational Grid, each with unique security requirements and implications for both the resource user and the resource provider. A comprehensive set of Grid usage scenarios are presented and analyzed with regard to security requirements such as authentication, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality. The main value of these scenarios and the associated security discussions are to provide a library of situations against which an application designer can match, thereby facilitating security-aware application use and development from the initial stages of the application design and invocation. A broader goal of these scenarios are to increase the awareness of security issues in Grid Computing.
Humphrey, Marty; Thompson, Mary R.
"Table HC13.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total...
"Table HC11.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division"...
"Table HC12.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total...
"Table HC14.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West"...
Table HC6.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total... 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9...
Skin Effect of Hf-Rich Melts and Some Aspects in its Usage for Hf ...
USAGE FOR Hf-CONTAINING. CAST NICKEL- ... of advanced gas turbines. ... were polished by metallo- graphy and then melted by tungsten inert gas(TIG).
and energy savings potential of video game consoles in thethe energy efficiency of video game consoles. NaturalVideo game console usage and national energy consumption:
Availability, usage and expected contribution of potential nursery habitats for the California halibut
of a damsel?sh re?ect availability of suitable habitat.locate/ecss Availability, usage and expected contribution ofthe spatial coverage (availability) of all potential nursery
Fodrie, Fredrick Joel; Mendoza, Guillermo F.
Network effects, economic efficiency, and usage-based pricing for internet access.
??This paper attempts to shed some light on the issue of net neutrality by examining the extent to which Internet usage is efficiently allocated under� (more)
Cooper, Matthew L.
DC. Steiner, R.L. (1994). Residential density and traveland Brownstone The Impact of Residential Density on VehicleUsage Total annual residential vehicular energy consumption
Kenworthy (1989a). Gasoline consumption and cities. JournalVehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2 Housing Unitsvehicular energy consumption is graphed as a function of
Table HC6.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of...
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total... 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4...
Git usage � FiPy 3.0.1-dev157-g518df83 documentation
... Join our mailing list. 100 Bureau Drive, M/S 6555 Gaithersburg, MD 20899 301-975-5329 Telephone 301-975-4553 Facsimile. Git usage�. ...
Table HC2.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Type of Housing ...
Million U.S. Housing Units Table HC2.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005 Housing Units (millions) Single-Family Units
Energy Usage Evaluation and Condition Monitoring for Electric Machines using Wireless Sensor Networks.
??Energy usage evaluation and condition monitoring for electric machines are important in industry for overall energy savings. Traditionally these functions are realized only for large� (more)
Lu, Bin
all charging units that were in use by the end of the reporting period all charging units that were in use by the end of the reporting period ² A charging event is defined as the period when a vehicle is connected to a charging unit, during which period some power is transferred ³ Considers the connection status of all charging units every minute Based on 15 minute rolling average power output from all charging units Note: throughout this report, weekdays are defined as the period from Monday 6:00 AM until Saturday 6:00 AM. The weekend is defined as the period from Saturday 6:00 AM until Monday 6:00 AM. Charging Availability: Range of Percent of Charging Units with a Vehicle Connected versus Time of Day³ Charging Unit Usage Residential Level 2 Private Nonresidential Level 2 Publicly Available Level 2 Publicly Available DC Fast
Synonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Nina Stoletzki* and Adam Eyre-Walker
usage. Genetics. 129:897907. Bu¨rger R, Willensdorfer M, Nowak MA. 2006. Why are pheno- typic mutationSynonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Accuracy Nina Stoletzki that produce non- or misfunctional proteins are costly to the cell because they consume amino acids and energy
Eyre-Walker, Adam
Using historical accounting information to predict the resource usage of grid jobs
Basing job scheduling decisions on estimated queue wait times may help in efficiently balancing the workload on the grid. Previous work on usage prediction has mainly described methods for the estimation of queue wait times on clusters and supercomputers, ... Keywords: Grid accounting, Resource usage prediction, Workload analysis
Rosario M. Piro; Andrea Guarise; Giuseppe Patania; Albert Werbrouck
Summarizing observational client-side data to reveal web usage patterns
Client-side event logs may reveal patterns of usage of Web pages. Nevertheless, extracting useful and novel information from this voluminous data set is a challenge for evaluation tools, since a few minutes simple task may result in a sequence of hundreds ... Keywords: client-side event logs, usage patterns, websites evaluation tool
Vagner Figuer�do de Santana; M. Cec�lia C. Baranauskas
Towards purpose enforcement model for privacy-aware usage control policy in distributed healthcare
Enforcing the purpose of data usage means to ensure that data are used as it intends for and that excessive usage cannot happen. In general, the enforcement of purpose is a complicated task. The main difficulty is to identify the purpose of an agent ...
Annanda Thavymony Rath; Jean-No�l Colin
Reducing Energy Usage of NULL Convention Logic Circuits using NULL Cycle Reduction
in approximately 25% overall lower energy usage. Keywords: asynchronous circuits; NULL Convention Logic (NCL); NULLReducing Energy Usage of NULL Convention Logic Circuits using NULL Cycle Reduction Combined with Supply Voltage Scaling Brett Sparkman and Scott C. Smith Department of Electrical Engineering, University
Smith, Scott C.
The first phase of development of a wireline cone penetrometer system for multiple tool usage was completed under DOE award number DE-AR26-98FT40366. Cone penetrometer technology (CPT) has received widespread interest and is becoming more commonplace as a tool for environmental site characterization activities at several Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Although CPT already offers many benefits for site characterization, the wireline system can improve CPT technology by offering greater utility and increased cost savings. Currently the use of multiple CPT tools during a site characterization (i.e. piezometric cone, chemical sensors, core sampler, grouting tool) must be accomplished by withdrawing the entire penetrometer rod string to change tools. This results in multiple penetrations being required to collect the data and samples that may be required during characterization of a site, and to subsequently seal the resulting holes with grout. The wireline CPT system allows multiple CPT tools to be interchanged during a single penetration, without withdrawing the CPT rod string from the ground. The goal of the project is to develop and demonstrate a system by which various tools can be placed at the tip of the rod string depending on the type of information or sample desired. Under the base contract, an interchangeable piezocone and grouting tool was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicate that success criteria for the base contract were achieved. In addition, the wireline piezocone tool was validated against ASTM standard cones, the depth capability of the system was found to compare favorably with that of conventional CPT, and the reliability and survivability of the system were demonstrated.
Stephen P. Farrington; Martin L. Gildea; J. Christopher Bianchi
Energy consumption and usage characteristics from field measurements of residential dishwashers, clothes washers and clothes dryers
The measured energy consumption and usage characteristics for household dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers for ten townhouses at Twin Rivers, N.J., are presented. Whenever the dishwashers and/or clothes washers were in use, the energy consumption, water consumption, frequency of usage, and water temperature were measured by a data acquisition system. The electrical energy of electric clothes dryers and the gas consumption of gas clothes dryers were measured, as well as their frequency and duration of use, and exhaust temperature. Typical household usage patterns of these major appliances are included.
Chang, Y.L.; Grot, R.A.
Survey and update of F-14a mission profiles for TF30 engine usage. Final report
The mission profiles and maintenance procedures relating to the TF30-P-412 engines have been investigated to find out whether an observed reduction in engine usage was due to different aircraft missions or new flight procedures. A survey of fleet squadron personnel revealed mission profiles are essentially the same; however, fewer air combat engagements and landing practices account for the lower usage. The F-14 role is now more evenly distributed between air combat and intercepts, while the total number of these missions remains constant. A future advanced technology engine in this aircraft is likely to encounter higher usage requirements if there are no throttle cycle restrictions.
Cote, S.M.
Woodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2010 I Hudson Consulting I October 2010
woodfuel usage in the commercial, industrial and electrical energy sectors of the Scottish market) to 30 of electrical energy generation, was paramount in the initial survey and remains so. Total woodfuel usageWoodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2010 I Hudson Consulting I October 2010
RECS Fuel Oil Usage Form_v1 (Draft).xps
fuel oil usage for this delivery address between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total...
DC. Steiner, R.L. (1994). Residential density and traveland Brownstone The Impact of Residential Density on VehicleWP-05-1 The Impact of Residential Density on Vehicle Usage
DND: a model for forecasting electrical energy usage by water-resource subregion
A forecast methodology was derived from principles of econometrics using exogenous variables, i.e., cost of electricity, consumer income, and price elasticity as indicators of growth for each consuming sector: residential, commercial, and industrial. The model was calibrated using forecast data submitted to the Department of Energy (DOE) by the nine Regional Electric Reliability Councils. Estimates on electrical energy usage by specific water-resource subregion were obtained by normalizing forecasted total electrical energy usage by state into per capita usage. The usage factor and data on forecasted population were applied for each water resource subregion. The results derived using the model are self-consistent and in good agreement with DOE Energy Information Administration projections. The differences that exist are largely the result of assumptions regarding specific aggregations and assignment of regional-system reliability and load factors. 8 references, 2 figures, 13 tables.
Sonnichsen, J.C. Jr.
"Table HC11.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census...
"No",54.7,9.8,6.7,3 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,8.2,5.9,2.3 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,8.1,6.1,2 "Poorly...
arXiv.org help - 2010 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2010 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2012 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2012 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2009 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2009 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2011 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2011 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
Table HC5.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Year of ...
Million U.S. Housing Units 1950 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 Table HC5.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Year of Construction, 2005 Year of Construction
Horses and Barn Doors: Evolution of Corporate Guidelines for Internet Usage
Intel's Internet usage policy evolved from paractically non-existant to explicitly defined - all in reaction to changing conditions and security threats. This paper covers the evolution of Intel Internet access policy, a continual struggle to close the ...
Sally Hambridge; Jeffrey C. Sedayao
Annual fuel usage charts for oil-fired boilers. [Building space heating and hot water supplies
On the basis of laboratory-determined boiler efficiency data, one may calculate the annual fuel usage (AFU) for any oil-fired boiler, serving a structure of a given design heat load, for any specified hourly weather pattern. Further, where data are available regarding the energy recapture rates of the strucutre due to direct gain solar energy (windows), lighting, cooking, electrical appliances, metabolic processes, etc., the annual fuel usage savings due to such (re) capture are straightforwardly determinable. Employing the Brookhaven National Laboratory annual fuel usage formulation, along with efficiency data determined in the BNL Boiler Laboratory, computer-drawn annual fuel usage charts can be generated for any selected boiler for a wide range of operating conditions. For two selected boilers operating in any one of the hour-by-hour weather patterns which characterize each of six cities over a wide range of firing rates, domestic hot water consumption rates, design heat loads, and energy (re) capture rates, annual fuel usages are determined and graphically presented. Figures 1 to 98, inclusive, relate to installations for which energy recapture rates are taken to be zero. Figures 97 to 130, inclusive, apply to a range of cases for which energy recapture rates are nonzero and determinable. In all cases, simple, direct and reliable annual fuel usage values can be determined by use of charts and methods such as those illustrated.
Berlad, A.L.; Yeh, Y.J.; Salzano, F.J.; Hoppe, R.J.; Batey, J.
fuel oil usage for this delivery address between fuel oil usage for this delivery address between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total Dollar Amount including taxes [Exclude late fees, merchandise, repairs, and service charges] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Form EIA 457G OMB No. 1905-0092 Expires 1/31/13 2009 RECS Fuel Oil and Kerosene Usage Form Delivery Address: Account Number: $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Enter the Amount Delivered in Gallons XXXX Type of Fuel Sold was: 1=Fuel Oil #1 2=Fuel Oil #2 3=Kerosene 4=Other Enter the Price per Gallon $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ XXX.XX $ X.XX (select one) 1 2 3 4 MM/DD/YY Page 1 of 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
"Table HC11.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,16.8,12.2,4.6 "1.",28.6,5,3.5,1.5 "2.",29.5,6.2,4.8,1.4 "3.",14.7,2.5,1.7,0.8 "4.",9.3,1.5,1.1,0.4 "5 or More",9.7,1.6,1.1,0.5 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,5.2,3.6,1.6
"Table HC13.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,33.8,17.5,6.1,10.3 "1.",28.6,11.2,6.5,1.5,3.2 "2.",29.5,10.5,5.4,2,3.1 "3.",14.7,5,2.1,1.2,1.7 "4.",9.3,3.4,1.5,0.8,1.2 "5 or More",9.7,3.7,1.9,0.6,1.2
"Table HC7.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"2005 Household Income",,,,,"Below Poverty Line","Eligible for Federal Assistance1" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Less than $20,000","$20,000 to $39,999","$40,000 to $59,999","$60,000 to $79,999","$80,000 or More" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,26.7,28.8,20.6,13.1,22,16.6,38.6 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,2.9,2.5,1.3,0.5,1,2.4,4.6 "2 Times A Day",24.6,6.5,7,4.3,3.2,3.6,4.8,10.3 "Once a Day",42.3,8.8,9.8,8.7,5.1,10,5,12.9
"Table HC7.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"2005 Household Income",,,,,"Below Poverty Line","Eligible for Federal Assistance1" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Less than $20,000","$20,000 to $39,999","$40,000 to $59,999","$60,000 to $79,999","$80,000 or More" "Space Heating Usage Indicators" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,26.7,28.8,20.6,13.1,22,16.6,38.6 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.5,0.3,0.2,"Q",0.2,0.3,0.6 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,26.2,28.5,20.4,13,21.8,16.3,37.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,25.9,28.1,20.3,12.9,21.8,16,37.3
Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab
Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab groff is the front end for the groff document formatting system. (GNU ditroff). groff's default device is ps (PostScript). (You may need to use "module load groff" to make groff available.) Sample usage Write groff output to a PostScript file me macros: groff -set -me myfile.me > myfile.ps ms macros: groff -set -mgs myfile.ms > myfile.ps Note well: "-mgs" uses the groff version of the MS ("gs") macros. Send groff output to a PostScript printer me macros: groff -set -me myfile.me | lpr -P someprinter ms macros: groff -set -mgs myfile.ms | lpr -P someprinter "someprinter" is some PostScript printer on distributed printing. Some common flags (from "man groff")
Heavy-duty truck population, activity and usage patterns. Final report
The objective of the study was to update the heavy-duty truck (HDT) population, activity (e.g., vehicle miles traveled (VMT), numbers of starts and trips, trip duration, etc.), and usage patterns type of service/business (e.g., delivery, construction, etc.), area of operation (i.e., local, short-haul, long-haul) for HDT`s registered and/or operated in California. The population and activity estimates were done on a weight-class-specific basis light-heavy-duty, medium-heavy-duty and heavy-heavy-duty. Population, activity and usage estimates were based primarily on Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) registration data and Truck Inventory and Usage Survey (TIUS) data. In addition to the analysis of existing data (i.e., DMV and TIUS), 42 HDTs were fitted with on-board data loggers that recorded numbers of trips and starts, daily VMT and travel by time-of-day.
Fischer, M.
Understanding Motivations for Facebook Use: Usage Metrics, Network Structure, and Privacy
This study explores the links between motives for using a social network service and numerical measures of that activity. Specifically, it identified motives for Facebook use by employing a Uses and Gratifications (U&G) approach and then investigated the extent to which these motives can be predicted through usage and network metrics collected automatically via the Facebook API. In total, 11 Facebook usage metrics and eight personal network metrics served as predictors. Results showed that all three variable types in this expanded U&G frame of analysis (covering social antecedents, usage metrics, and personal network metrics) effectively predicted motives and highlighted interesting behaviors. To further illustrate the power of this framework, the intricate nature of privacy in social media was explored and relationships drawn between privacy attitudes (and acts) and measures of use and network structure. Author Keywords Uses and gratifications; social network sites; social networks; Facebook; privacy; computer-mediated communication.
Tasos Spiliotopoulos; Ian Oakley
"Table HC9.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Climate Zone1" ,,"Less than 2,000 CDD and --",,,,"2,000 CDD or More and Less than 4,000 HDD" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Greater than 7,000 HDD","5,500 to 7,000 HDD","4,000 to 5,499 HDD","Less than 4,000 HDD" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,10.9,26.1,27.3,24,22.8 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,3.2,8.3,8.9,7.7,7.5 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,7.8,17.8,18.4,16.3,15.3 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,6.2,14.3,14.2,12.1,11.9
"Table HC14.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,19.5,6.1,13.4 "1.",28.6,6.1,1.7,4.4 "2.",29.5,6.3,1.8,4.5 "3.",14.7,3.1,1.1,2 "4.",9.3,1.9,0.6,1.3 "5 or More",9.7,2,0.8,1.2 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,8.6,2.3,6.3 "1.",14.6,3.6,1,2.6
" Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;"
2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2002;" 2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2002;" " Level: National Data; " " Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;" " Unit: Establishment Counts." " "," ",,"Computer Control of Building Wide Evironment(c)",,,"Computer Control of Processes or Major Energy-Using Equipment(d)",,,"Waste Heat Recovery",,,"Adjustable - Speed Motors",,,"Oxy - Fuel Firing",,," ",," " " "," ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RSE" "NAICS"," ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Row"
1. Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 1998;" 1. Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 1998;" " Level: National Data; " " Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;" " Unit: Establishment Counts." " "," "," ",,,"Computer","Control of","Processes"," "," "," ",,,," ",," " " "," ","Computer Control","of Building-Wide","Environment(b)","or Major","Energy-Using","Equipment(c)","Waste","Heat","Recovery","Adjustable -","Speed","Motors","RSE"
High-Intensity Discharge Industrial Lighting Design Strategies for the Minimization of Energy Usage and Life-Cycle Cost.
??Worldwide, the electrical energy consumed by artificial lighting is second only to the amount consumed by electric machinery. Of the energy usage attributed to lighting� (more)
Flory IV, Isaac L.
Multimedia-based mobile phone consciousness and usage amongst the undergraduate students in Malaysia
The idea of presenting undergraduates' awareness, usage and other various issues regarding mobile phone multimedia application will be the paper's main agenda and talking point. The first section of this paper will give a succinct introduction to today's ... Keywords: consciousness, mobile phone, multimedia application, undergraduates, youth
Amirrudin Kamsin; Md Nor Ridzuan Daud
Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas usage and payload size on Hybrid Wing Body aircraft fuel efficiency
This work assessed Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft in the context of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel usage and payload/range scalability at three scales: H1 (B737), H2 (B787) and H3 (B777). The aircraft were optimized for ...
Mody, Pritesh (Pritesh Chetan)
Recommending energy tariffs and load shifting based on smart household usage profiling
We present a system and study of personalized energy-related recommendation. AgentSwitch utilizes electricity usage data collected from users' households over a period of time to realize a range of smart energy-related recommendations on energy tariffs, ... Keywords: demand response, energy tariffs, load shifting, personalization, recommender systems, smart grid
Joel E. Fischer; Sarvapali D. Ramchurn; Michael Osborne; Oliver Parson; Trung Dong Huynh; Muddasser Alam; Nadia Pantidi; Stuart Moran; Khaled Bachour; Steve Reece; Enrico Costanza; Tom Rodden; Nicholas R. Jennings
Cell phone usage and broad feature preferences: A study among Finnish undergraduate students
The purpose of this study is to investigate the cell phone use and broad cell phone feature preferences among high school and undergraduate in Finland. Of particular interest is the issue of gender differences regarding the use of the cell phones and ... Keywords: Cell phone usage, Conceptualization, Feature preferences
Matti Haverila
RadioJockey: Mining Program Execution to Optimize Cellular Radio Usage Pavan K. Athivarapu1
dormancy is typically invoked with a fixed short inactivity timer (e.g., 3-5s), thereby reducing the energy. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION 2.1 Energy and Signaling Overhead During normal usage, a cellular radio switches costs. This has a major implication on the energy consumed by background applications that typically
Modeling Long-Term Search Engine Usage Ryen W. White, Ashish Kapoor, and Susan T. Dumais
photosensor design accurately senses daylight availability, cutting electric light usage 4060 percent or morePhotosensors and associated control systems can dim or raise fluorescent lighting systems to decrease or increase the electrical lighting used as the amount of daylight changes during the day. However
Dumais, Susan
Instructions for CEC-1250E-4 Biomass and Fossil Fuel Usage Report for Biomass Facilities
Instructions for CEC-1250E-4 Biomass and Fossil Fuel Usage Report for Biomass Facilities Biomass energy input basis in the upcoming calendar year? - Please check "yes" or "no." 12. Types of Biomass Fuel Used - Please report the quantity and supplier of the following types of biomass fuel used
Identifying software usage at HPC centers with the automatic library tracking database
A library tracking database has been developed to monitor software/library usage. This Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) automatically and transparently stores, into a database, information about the libraries linked into an application at compilation ... Keywords: Cray XT, database, library, most/least used software, tracking
Bilel Hadri; Mark Fahey; Nick Jones
ON THE USAGE OF ANTENNAS IN MIMO AND MISO INTERFERENCE CHANNELS Mariam Kaynia
ON THE USAGE OF ANTENNAS IN MIMO AND MISO INTERFERENCE CHANNELS Mariam Kaynia , Andrea J. Goldsmith. of Science and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford Mobile and small), we derive upper and lower bounds to both our per- formance metrics. Moreover, the particular
Gesbert, David
"Table HC8.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location...
",54.7,24.9,8.6,11.5,9.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,16,7.1,9.4,10.3 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,20.3,8,9.5,8.5...
"Table HC13.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by South Census...
No",54.7,20.9,11.3,3.6,6 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,16.1,9.1,2.5,4.5 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,17,9.1,3.2,4.7...
"Table HC3.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
6.7,29.4,2.3,0.9,1.3,2.8 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,32.8,27.8,1.5,1,0.9,1.6 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,33,26.8,2...
"Table HC15.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated...
No",54.7,3.2,3.3,3.8,5.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,3.1,2.7,3,3.5 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,2.7,3.1,3.1,5.2...
"Table HC10.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
,54.7,9.8,12.9,20.9,11.2 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,8.2,10.6,16.1,7.9 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,8.1,10.6,17,10....
"Table HC4.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
17.9,3.6,1.9,3.2,8.6,0.6 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,10,2,0.8,1.8,5.1,0.2 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,13.3,3,1.5,2...
"Table HC12.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
"No",54.7,12.9,9.1,3.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,10.6,7.2,3.4 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.6,7.5,3.1 "Poorly...
"Table HC14.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by West Census...
"No",54.7,11.2,3.4,7.8 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,7.9,2.8,5.1 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.6,3.3,7.3 "Poorly...
"Table HC7.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income...
5,11.2,6.7,13.2,5.8,14.5 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,9,11,8.2,5.1,9.5,4.8,13.1 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.4,11...
Engineers and the Web: An analysis of real life gaps in information usage
Engineers face a wide range of gaps when trying to identify, acquire, and utilize information from the Web. To be able to avoid creating such gaps, it is essential to understand them in detail. This paper reports the results of a study of the real life ... Keywords: Critical incident technique, Engineers, Gaps, Information usage processes
Jeroen Kraaijenbrink
WebKDD 2005: web mining and web usage analysis post-workshop report
In this report, we summarize the contents and outcomes of the recent WebKDD 2005 workshop on Web Mining and Web Usage Analysis that was held in conjunction with the 11th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD ... Keywords: clickstream analysis, mining evolving web data, personalization, profiling, recommender systems, web mining
Olfa Nasraoui; Osmar R. Za�ane; Myra Spiliopoulou; Bamshad Mobasher; Brij Masand; Philip S. YU
UDP: Usage-based Dynamic Pricing with Privacy Preservation for Smart Grid
UDP: Usage-based Dynamic Pricing with Privacy Preservation for Smart Grid Xiaohui Liang, Student for smart grid in a community environment, which enables the electricity price to correspond-preserving manner. Index Terms--Smart grid; dynamic price; privacy preserva- tion; community-specific I
Shen, Xuemin "Sherman"
Determinants of residential electrical appliance usage in the Tri-State Region, 1960-1970: a regression study. Working paper
The possible impact of areawide residential location policy on future residential electricity usage in the Tri-State Metropolitan Region centering on New York City is investigated. This study was undertaken to assess residential electricity usage, particularly electrical appliance use, in the residential sector of the New York Metropolitan area from 1960 to 1970. The attempts to choose and quantify the contribution of various determinants of electrical appliance usage using multiple regression analyses has been relatively successful. In addition, these results were compared with 1960 and 1970 data in an effort to establish a degree of consistency over time. The implications of the findings here point toward two complementary institutions for change: urban planning and public administration. The relationship between single family structures and high energy usage argue strongly for more dense communities, while price elasticities can be used by regulators to control electrical usage.
Stone, B.
Electric household equipment and electric fuel usage in the Tri-State Region and the United States: 1960-70. Working paper
The possible impact of areawide residential location policy on future residential electricity usage in the Tri-State Metropolitan Region centering on New York City is investigated. This report is concerned with selected residential electric appliance usage in the Tri-State Region as compared with usage of these appliances across the United States between 1960 and 1970. Included are tabular representations of comparisons between residential air conditioner usage in the Tri-State Region and the United States. Tabular comparisons also are made with respect to residential appliance usage and electric fuel usage.
Hillman, B.
Nitroglycerine Usage
trinitroglycerin, as other related drugs are used for relief of chest pain in coronary heart disease, the so called angina pectoris. The effect is done by relaxing the coronary...
Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 Total.................................................................................... 111.1 7.1 7.0 8.0 12.1 Cooking Appliances Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked 3 or More Times A Day................................................. 8.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.4 2 Times A Day.............................................................. 24.6 1.4 1.5 2.0 3.1 Once a Day................................................................... 42.3 2.4 3.0 2.7 4.1 A Few Times Each Week.............................................. 27.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.5 About Once a Week...................................................... 3.9 0.3 Q 0.4 0.6 Less Than Once a Week............................................... 4.1 Q Q 0.3 0.4 No Hot Meals Cooked...................................................
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of PowerScope, a tool for profiling energy usage by applications. PowerScope maps energy consumption to program structure, in much the same way that CPU profilers map processor cycles to specific processes and procedures. Our approach combines hardware instrumentation to measure current level with kernel software support to perform statistical sampling of system activity. Postprocessing software maps the sample data to program structure and produces a profile of energy usage by process and procedure. Using PowerScope, we have been able to reduce the energy consumption of an adaptive video playing application by 46%. 1. Introduction Energy is a critical resource for mobile computers [5, 8]. In spite of many improvements in low-power hardware design and battery life, there is now growing awareness that a strategically viable approach to energy management must include higher levels of the system [2]. For example, a network applica...
Jason Flinn; M. Satyanarayanan
Identifying Software Usage at HPC Centers with the Automatic Library Tracking Database
A library tracking database has been developed to monitor software/library usage. This Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) automatically and transparently stores, into a database, information about the libraries linked into an application at compilation time and also the executables launched in a batch job. Information gathered into the database can then be mined to provide reports. Analyzing the results from the data collected will help to identify, for example, the most frequently used and the least used libraries and codes, and those users that are using deprecated libraries or applications. We will illustrate the usage of libraries and executables on the Cray XT platforms hosted at the National Institute for Computational Sciences and the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (both located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory).
Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL; Jones, Nicholas A [ORNL
Space heating systems in the Northwest: energy usage and cost analysis
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The question of energy usage and cost of providing space heat in the Northwest is discussed. Though space heating needs represents only 18% of the U.S.'s total energy consumption, it nevertheless appears to offer the greatest potential for conservation and near term applications of alternate energy sources. Efficiency and economic feasibility factors are considered in providing for space heating demands. These criteria are presented to establish energy usage, cost effectiveness and beneficial conservation practices for space heating of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Four Northwestern cities have been chosen whose wide range of climate conditions are used to formulate the seasonal fuel and capital cost and hence the annual heating cost covering a broad spectrum of heating applications, both the traditional methods, the newer alternate forms of energy, and various methods to achieve more efficient utilization of all types.
Keller, J.G.; Kunze, J.F.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between web usage and academic performance in undergraduate students
The use of the internet, and in particular web browsing, offers many potential advantages for educational institutions as students have access to a wide range of information previously not available. However, there are potential negative effects due to factors such as time-wasting and asocial behaviour. In this study, we conducted an empirical investigation of the academic performance and the web-usage pattern of 2153 undergraduate students. Data from university proxy logs allows us to examine usage patterns and we compared this data to the students' academic performance. The results show that there is a small but significant (both statistically and educationally) association between heavier web browsing and poorer academic results (lower average mark, higher failure rates). In addition, among good students, the proportion of students who are relatively light users of the internet is significantly greater than would be expected by chance.
Hazelhurst, Scott; Sanders, Ian
Structural proteomics of minimal organisms: conservation ofprotein fold usage and evolutionary implications
Background: Determining the complete repertoire of proteinstructures for all soluble, globular proteins in a single organism hasbeen one of the major goals of several structural genomics projects inrecent years. Results: We report that this goal has nearly been reachedfor several "minimal organisms"--parasites or symbionts with reducedgenomes--for which over 95 percent of the soluble, globular proteins maynow be assigned folds, overall 3-D backbone structures. We analyze thestructures of these proteins as they relate to cellular functions, andcompare conservation off old usage between functional categories. We alsocompare patterns in the conservation off olds among minimal organisms andthose observed between minimal organisms and other bacteria. Conclusion:We find that proteins performing essential cellular functions closelyrelated to transcription and translation exhibit a higher degree ofconservation in fold usage than proteins in other functional categories.Folds related to transcription and translation functional categories werealso over represented in minimal organisms compared to otherbacteria.
Chandonia, John-Marc; Kim, Sung-Hou
Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 Total.................................................................................. 111.1 7.1 7.0 8.0 12.1 Do Not Have Cooling Equipment.................................... 17.8 1.8 Q Q 4.9 Have Cooling Equipment................................................. 93.3 5.3 7.0 7.8 7.2 Use Cooling Equipment.................................................. 91.4 5.3 7.0 7.7 6.6 Have Equipment But Do Not Use it................................ 1.9 Q N Q 0.6 Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment 1, 2 Central System............................................................. 65.9 1.1 6.4 6.4 5.4 Without a Heat Pump................................................. 53.5 1.1 3.5 5.7 4.9 With a Heat Pump......................................................
Label Building Natural Gas Usage Form 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
Natural Gas Usage Form Natural Gas Usage Form 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 1. Timely submission of this report is mandatory under Public Law 93-275, as amended. 2. This completed questionnaire is due by 3. Data reported on this questionnaire are for the entire building identified in the label to the right. 4. Data may be submitted directly on this questionnaire or in any other format, such as a computer-generated listing, which provides the same i nformation and is conve nient for y our company. a. You may submit a single report for the entire building, or if it i s easier, a separate report for each of several accounts in the building. These will then be aggregated by the survey contractor. b. If you are concerned about your individual account information, you may choose to mark
Extending the boundaries of the usage of NMR chemical shifts in deciphering biomolecular structure and dynamics
Extending the Boundaries of the Usage of NMR Chemical Shifts in Deciphering Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Aleksandr B. Sahakyan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Darwin 9... ? and ? dihedral angles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3 The gas-phase optimised structures of the selected representative conformations of Ace-Ala-Nme with the fixed ? and ? angles and the corresponding secondary...
Sahakyan, Aleksandr B.
Determination of usage patterns and emissions for propane/LPG in California. Final report
The purpose of the study was to determine California usage patterns of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), and to estimate propane emissions resulting from LPG transfer operations statewide, and by county and air basin. The study is the first attempt to quantify LPG transfer emissions for California. This was accomplished by analyzing data from a telephone survey of California businesses that use LPG, by extracting information from existing databases.
Sullivan, M.
On-Off Minimum-Time Control With Limited Fuel Usage: Global Optima Via Linear Programming
A method for finding a global optimum to the on-off minimum-time control problem with limited fuel usage is presented. Each control can take on only three possible values: maximum, zero, or minimum. The simplex method for linear systems naturally yields such a solution for the re-formulation presented herein because it always produces an extreme point solution to the linear program. Numerical examples for the benchmark linear flexible system are presented.
Assessing user experiences and usage intentions of m-banking service
M-banking is a channel through which banks interact with customers via mobile devices. M-banking is an emerging mobile commerce application. It is a challenging task for banks to encourage customers to continue using m-banking services, and ... Keywords: bank operations, dual process, financial information systems, m-banking, m-commerce, marketing strategies, mobile banking, mobile commerce, mobile communications, product attributes, product knowledge, promotional campaigns, usage intention, user experiences
Kuang-Hsun Shih; Hsu-Feng Hung; Binshan Lin
Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within Cogeneration Technologies;
3 Number of Establishments by Usage of Cogeneration Technologies, 2006; 3 Number of Establishments by Usage of Cogeneration Technologies, 2006; Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within Cogeneration Technologies; Unit: Establishment Counts. Establishments with Any Cogeneration NAICS Technology Code(a) Subsector and Industry Establishments(b) in Use(c) In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know Total United States 311 Food 14,128 297 99 11,338 2,691 51 11,217 2,860 10 11,333 2,786 164 11,129 2,836 9 11,235 2,884 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 580 53 Q 499 38 5 532 42 W 533 W Q 533 44 5 530 45 311221 Wet Corn Milling 47 11 W 35 W W 43 W W 39 W 0 44 3 0 41 6 31131 Sugar Manufacturing
Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;
2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006; 2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006; Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies; Unit: Establishment Counts. NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry Establishments(b) In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know Total United States 311 Food 14,128 1,632 9,940 2,556 3,509 8,048 2,571 1,590 9,609 2,929 6,260 5,014 2,854 422 9,945 3,762 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 580 59 475 46 300 236 Q 154 398 28 446 95 Q 45 442 92 311221 Wet Corn Milling 47 9 34 4 36 W W 27 15 6 38 3 6 8 24 16 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 77
Table HC6.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total U.S. Housing Units.................................. 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Do Not Have Heating Equipment..................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 Q 0.2 0.2 Have Space Heating Equipment....................... 109.8 29.7 34.5 18.2 15.6 11.8 Use Space Heating Equipment........................ 109.1 29.5 34.4 18.1 15.5 11.6 Have But Do Not Use Equipment.................... 0.8 Q Q Q Q Q Space Heating Usage During 2005 Heated Floorspace (Square Feet) None............................................................ 3.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 1 to 499........................................................ 6.1 3.0 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 500 to 999.................................................... 27.7 11.6 8.3 3.6 2.7 1.6 1,000 to 1,499..............................................
Simple strategies for minimization of cooling water usage in binary power plants
The geothermal resources which could be used for the production of electrical power in the United States are located for the most part in the semi-arid western regions of the country. The availability of ground or surface water in the quantity or quality desired for a conventional wet'' heat rejections system represents a barrier to the development of these resources with the binary cycle technology. This paper investigates some simple strategies to minimize the cooling water usage of binary power plants. The cooling water usage is reduced by increasing the thermal efficiency of the plant. Three methods of accomplishing this are considered here: increasing the average source temperature, by increasing the geofluid outlet temperature; decreasing pinch points on the heat rejection heat exchangers, increasing their size; and using internal recuperation within the cycle. In addition to the impact on water usage, the impact on cost-of-electricity is determined. The paper shows that some of these strategies can reduce the cooling water requirements 20 to 30% over that for a plant similar to the Heber Binary Plant, with a net reduction in the cost-of-electricity of about 15%. 13 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
Bliem, C.J.; Mines, G.L. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA))
Ownership and usage of small passenger vehicles: findings from the 1977 National Personal Transportation Study
This report examines current patterns in the ownership and usage of small vehicles by private households. The analysis was conducted to shed additional light on the market potential for smaller, energy efficient vehicles, in particular, electric cars. The 1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics and the travel and vehicle ownership behavior of US households based on a national probability sample. The issues posed to direct the investigation of small vehicle ownership and use behavior include: the ownership of small vehicles; the proportion of the private vehicle population accounted for by small vehicles; how small and large vehicles compare in terms of physical characteristics and performance and terms of usage; and how small/large vehicle ownership and usage differences are explained by household differences or physical differences in the vehicles themselves. The study's approach to these issues has focused on descriptive data analysis, employing such tools as cross-classification tables, distributions, and graphic displays. (MCW)
Weekend home energy-saving projects
There are guidelines in this book for numerous inexpensive, minimally time-consuming energy-saving projects that can reduce the amount of energy used in a household and the size of the monthly utility bill. Five chapters on insulation, weatherstripping, plumbing improvements, solar heating, and ways to reduce electricity bills provide specific projects that require little or no prior experience. The final chapter offers suggestions and tips for buying and installing a wood-burning stove. 52 figures.
Jones, P.
weekend e-brochure and information
HsgOff The Knoll BechtelInt'l Center Vaden HealthCenter ARBORETUMRD University Dining Services Credit Union To Alumni Center Castaño Lantana BlakeWilbur Clinic CancerCenter WelchPlaza William GatesCS Allen CIS Otero Burbank HerbertHoover MemorialBldg PANAMAMALL L O M I T A M A L L ARGUELLOMALL GALVEZMALL LASUENMALL
Ford, James
"Table HC10.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q",0.7 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,20.5,25.6,40.3,23.4 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,20.5,25.6,40.1,22.9 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","Q",0.6 "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
"Table HC8.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.7,"Q",0.2,"Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,46.3,18.9,22.5,22.1 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,45.6,18.8,22.5,22.1 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,0.7,"Q","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
"Table HC12.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Midwest" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"East North Central","West North Central" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","N" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005"
"Table HC11.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,20.5,15.1,5.4 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,20.5,15.1,5.4 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005"
"Table HC15.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q",0.2 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,7.1,6.8,7.9,11.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,7.1,6.6,7.9,11.4 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","Q","N",0.5 "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
A Classification of Riparian Wetland Plant Associations of Colorado
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Transmission and distribution functions of utilities are separated from generation. Many states are still not covered by ISOs or RTOs, but FERC wants a U.S. system. RTOs Weekday Weekend NY-ISO Seasonal Load Profiles Hour in Week FERC/RTO/ISO and PUC goals prevent more
7, 1426514294, 2007 Black carbon trends
the measured BC concentrations most were traffic, wind speed and mixing height. On weekdays, traffic had clearly the most important influence and on weekends the effect of wind speed diluted the effect and power plants. In traffic, especially diesel engines are known to emit BC (e.g. Watson et al., 1994
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 10171027, 2008 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1017/2008/
the measured BC concentra- tions most were traffic, wind speed and mixing height. On weekdays, traffic had clearly the most important influence before the wind speed and on weekends the effect of wind speed heating, traffic and power plants. In traffic, especially diesel engines are known to emit BC (e.g. Wat
DOE and FreedomCAR & Fuel Partnership Analysis Workshop U.S. Department of Energy -Washington, DC
that software, math, and assumptions are consistent. o What should we use as the standard electric grid mixDOE and FreedomCAR & Fuel Partnership Analysis Workshop U.S. Department of Energy - Washington, DC-board storage needs will depend on forecourt station fueling profiles, weekday-to-weekend and summer
Data-driven Co-clustering Model of Internet Usage in Large Mobile Societies
Design and simulation of future mobile networks will center around human interests and behavior. We propose a design paradigm for mobile networks driven by realistic models of users' on-line behavior, based on mining of billions of wireless-LAN records. We introduce a systematic method for large-scale multi-dimensional coclustering of web activity for thousands of mobile users at 79 locations. We find surprisingly that users can be consistently modeled using ten clusters with disjoint profiles. Access patterns from multiple locations show differential user behavior. This is the first study to obtain such detailed results for mobile Internet usage.
Moghaddam, Saeed; Ranka, Sanjay; Somaiya, Manas
ADIFOR working note No. 11: ADIFOR strategies related to POINTER usage in MM5
POINTERs are nonstandard Fortran statements which cannot be processed by ADIFOR. We are interested in generating derivative code for MM5, a mesoscale model code which uses POINTERs extensively and in a particular structured manner. We briefly report on POINTERs and their role in MM5 and, for their particular usage in MM5, describe the three-step code transformation scheme consisting of pre-ADIFOR, ADIFOR, and post-ADIFOR transformations that result in the generation of correct derivative code for MM5.
Bischof, C.; Khademi, P.; Knauff, T.
Visualization of Instrumental Verification Information Details (VIVID) : code development, description, and usage.
The formulation, implementation and usage of a numerical solution verification code is described. This code uses the Richardson extrapolation procedure to estimate the order of accuracy and error of a computational program solution. It evaluates multiple solutions performed in numerical grid convergence studies to verify a numerical algorithm implementation. Analyses are performed on both structured and unstructured grid codes. Finite volume and finite element discretization programs are examined. Two and three-dimensional solutions are evaluated. Steady state and transient solution analysis capabilities are present in the verification code. Multiple input data bases are accepted. Benchmark options are included to allow for minimal solution validation capability as well as verification.
Roy, Christopher John; Bainbridge, Bruce L.; Potter, Donald L.; Blottner, Frederick G.; Black, Amalia Rebecca
Table HC6.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total................................................................................ 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Personal Computers Do Not Use a Personal Computer............................. 35.5 16.3 9.4 4.0 2.7 3.2 Use a Personal Computer.......................................... 75.6 13.8 25.4 14.4 13.2 8.8 Most-Used Personal Computer Type of PC Desk-top Model..................................................... 58.6 10.0 20.0 11.2 10.1 7.3 Laptop Model........................................................ 16.9 3.7 5.4 3.2 3.1 1.5 Hours Turned on Per Week Less than 2 Hours................................................. 13.6 4.0 4.7 1.7 1.8 1.4 2 to 15 Hours........................................................
Table HC6.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total........................................................................ 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Do Not Have Cooling Equipment.......................... 17.8 5.4 5.3 2.7 2.5 2.0 Have Cooling Equipment...................................... 93.3 24.6 29.6 15.7 13.4 10.0 Use Cooling Equipment....................................... 91.4 24.0 29.1 15.5 13.2 9.7 Have Equipment But Do Not Use it...................... 1.9 0.6 0.5 Q 0.2 0.4 Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment 1, 2 Central System................................................... 65.9 15.3 22.6 10.7 9.9 7.3 Without a Heat Pump....................................... 53.5 12.5 17.9 8.7 8.2 6.3 With a Heat Pump............................................ 12.3
Optimal Power Procurement and Demand Response with Quality-of-Usage Guarantees
In this paper, we propose a general operating scheme which allows the utility company to jointly perform power procurement and demand response so as to maximize the social welfare. Our model takes into consideration the effect of the renewable energy and the multi-stage feature of the power procurement process. It also enables the utility company to provide quality-of-usage (QoU) guarantee to the power consumers, which ensures that the average power usage level meets the target value for each user. To maximize the social welfare, we develop a low-complexity algorithm called the \\emph{welfare maximization algorithm} (WMA), which performs joint power procurement and dynamic pricing. WMA is constructed based on a two-timescale Lyapunov optimization technique. We prove that WMA achieves a close-to-optimal utility and ensures that the QoU requirement is met with bounded deficit. WMA can be implemented in a distributed manner and is robust with respect to system dynamics uncertainty.
Huang, Longbo; Ramchandran, Kannan
HPC Usage Behavior Analysis and Performance Estimation with Machine Learning Techniques
Most researchers with little high performance computing (HPC) experience have difficulties productively using the supercomputing resources. To address this issue, we investigated usage behaviors of the world s fastest academic Kraken supercomputer, and built a knowledge-based recommendation system to improve user productivity. Six clustering techniques, along with three cluster validation measures, were implemented to investigate the underlying patterns of usage behaviors. Besides manually defining a category for very large job submissions, six behavior categories were identified, which cleanly separated the data intensive jobs and computational intensive jobs. Then, job statistics of each behavior category were used to develop a knowledge-based recommendation system that can provide users with instructions about choosing appropriate software packages, setting job parameter values, and estimating job queuing time and runtime. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed recommendation system, which included 127 job submissions by users from different research fields. Great feedback indicated the usefulness of the provided information. The average runtime estimation accuracy of 64.2%, with 28.9% job termination rate, was achieved in the experiments, which almost doubled the average accuracy in the Kraken dataset.
Zhang, Hao [ORNL; You, Haihang [ORNL; Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL
Lessons Learned from Dependency Usage in HERA: Implications for THERP-Related HRA Methods
Dependency occurs when the probability of success or failure on one action changes the probability of success or failure on a subsequent action. Dependency may serve as a modifier on the human error probabilities (HEPs) for successive actions in human reliability analysis (HRA) models. Discretion should be employed when determining whether or not a dependency calculation is warranted: dependency should not be assigned without strongly grounded reasons. Human reliability analysts may sometimes assign dependency in cases where it is unwarranted. This inappropriate assignment is attributed to a lack of clear guidance to encompass the range of scenarios human reliability analysts are addressing. Inappropriate assignment of dependency produces inappropriately elevated HEP values. Lessons learned about dependency usage in the Human Event Repository and Analysis (HERA) system may provide clarification and guidance for analysts using first-generation HRA methods. This paper presents the HERA approach to dependency assessment and discusses considerations for dependency usage in HRA, including the cognitive basis for dependency, direction for determining when dependency should be assessed, considerations for determining the dependency level, temporal issues to consider when assessing dependency, (e.g., considering task sequence versus overall event sequence, and dependency over long periods of time), and diagnosis and action influences on dependency.
April M. Whaley; Ronald L. Boring; Harold S. Blackman; Patrick H. McCabe; Bruce P. Hallbert
Solvent usage and recycling potential in a research and development setting
Argonne National Laboratory utilizes thousands of gallons of chemicals each year. Laboratory wastes can be broadly characterized as coming from three focus areas: (1) restoration and decommissioning associated wastes generate larger quantities of waste on a one-time basis. The wastes may be non-hazardous to highly toxic and the quantities are variable. (2) Laboratory operations generate approximately 50% of all waste disposed. Operational waste can be characterized as less hazardous, reasonably consistent in nature, generally in larger quantities. (3) the final waste stream is small quantities of many different materials coming from many different waste streams. This waste stream is at the center of ANL`s pollution prevention program. The research areas have implemented many pollution prevention techniques. Solvent substitution has been effective in reducing hazardous cleaning wastes, scintillation cocktail wastes, and other chlorinated wastes. Micro chemistry is effective at minimizing certain chemical process wastes, developing new analytical chemistry procedures has reduced and eliminated other waste forms. New instrumentation has provided first level reductions in many waste streams. Despite these new techniques solvent usage remains the largest research related waste stream. The present solvents are generated from instruments such as electrophoresis and high pressure liquid chromatographs (HPLC), solvent extractions, biological staining and cleaning practices. ANL recognizes the significant role recycling this waste stream is in Pollution Prevention Program implementation. ANL initiated a study to quantify solvent usage, characterization of the waste solvent, and match the purity requirements exploring all opportunities to substitute and recycle.
Vivio, F.; Thuot, J.R.; Peters, R.W.
Proceedings: Workshop on prospects and requirements for geographic expansion of wind power usage
This report constitutes the proceedings of a workshop on the Prospects and Requirements for Geographic Expansion of Wind Power Usage held March 5-6, 1986, in Dallas, Texas. The workshop was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in cooperation with the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). SERI is operated by Midwest Research Institute for the US Department of Energy. The workshop participants concluded that there are a number of areas in the United States with substantial wind resources. Determining the potential for development of these resources for wind power will require local, detailed wind measurements. The participants saw no technology barriers to more widespread usage of wind power. They considered the greatest potential for advancement of wind power technology to be in the application of power electronics to enable variable speed wind turbine operation and to integrate and improve wind power station control and protection. Although wind power stations were seen as posing no health hazards, public and utility acceptance of the technology, the participants agreed, will require strong educational activities in all aspects of wind power. The implications of these conclusions for the research programs of EPRI and other sectors are discussed.
Steitz, P.
Usage of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Along the Corridors between the EV Project Major Cities
The report explains how the EVSE are being used along the corridors between the EV Project cities. The EV Project consists of a nationwide collaboration between Idaho National Laboratory (INL), ECOtality North America, Nissan, General Motors, and more than 40 other city, regional and state governments, and electric utilities. The purpose of the EV Project is to demonstrate the deployment and use of approximately 14,000 Level II (208-240V) electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and 300 fast chargers in 16 major cities. This research investigates the usage of all currently installed EV Project commercial EVSE along major interstate corridors. ESRI ArcMap software products are utilized to create geographic EVSE data layers for analysis and visualization of commercial EVSE usage. This research locates the crucial interstate corridors lacking sufficient commercial EVSE and targets locations for future commercial EVSE placement. The results and methods introduced in this research will be used by INL for the duration of the EV Project.
Mindy Kirkpatrick
"Table HC8.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,16.9,6.5,4.6,7.6 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,30.3,12.5,18.1,14.7 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,22.9,9.8,14.1,11.9 "Laptop Model",16.9,7.4,2.7,4,2.9 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,5.7,1.8,2.9,3.2
"Table HC11.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,6.9,5.3,1.6 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,13.7,9.8,3.9 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,10.4,7.3,3.1 "Laptop Model",16.9,3.3,2.6,0.7 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,2.4,1.8,0.6
"Table HC11.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,4,2.4,1.7 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,16.5,12.8,3.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,16.3,12.6,3.7 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.3,"Q","Q" "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,6,5.2,0.8 "Without a Heat Pump",53.5,5.5,4.8,0.7
"Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,1.8,"Q","Q",4.9 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,5.3,7,7.8,7.2 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,5.3,7,7.7,6.6 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,"Q","N","Q",0.6 "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,1.1,6.4,6.4,5.4
"Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,0.6,0.5,0.8,1.4 "2 Times A Day",24.6,1.4,1.5,2,3.1 "Once a Day",42.3,2.4,3,2.7,4.1 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,2.1,1.7,1.7,2.5 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.3,"Q",0.4,0.6 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,"Q","Q",0.3,0.4
2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006;" 2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006;" " Level: National Data; " " Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;" " Unit: Establishment Counts." ,,,"Computer Control of Building Wide Evironment(c)",,,"Computer Control of Processes or Major Energy-Using Equipment(d)",,,"Waste Heat Recovery",,,"Adjustable - Speed Motors",,,"Oxy - Fuel Firing",,,," " "NAICS" "Code(a)","Subsector and Industry","Establishments(b)","In Use(e)","Not in Use","Don't Know","In Use(e)","Not in Use","Don't Know","In Use(e)","Not in Use","Don't Know","In Use(e)","Not in Use","Don't Know","In Use(e)","Not in Use","Don't Know"
"Table HC12.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Midwest" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"East North Central","West North Central" "Total",111.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,8.1,5.6,2.5 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,17.5,12.1,5.4 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,14.1,10,4 "Laptop Model",16.9,3.4,2.1,1.3 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,3.4,2.5,0.9
"Table HC10.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,4,2.1,1.4,10.3 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,16.5,23.5,39.3,13.9 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,16.3,23.4,38.9,12.9 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.3,"Q",0.5,1 "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,6,17.3,32.1,10.5 "Without a Heat Pump",53.5,5.5,16.2,23.2,8.7
"Table HC3.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,65,54.3,3.3,1.5,1.6,4.4 "1.",28.6,17.9,14,0.9,0.6,0.7,1.7
"Table HC13.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3,1.6,0.3,1.1 "2 Times A Day",24.6,8.3,4.2,1.3,2.7 "Once a Day",42.3,15,8.1,2.7,4.2 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,10.9,6,1.8,3.1 "About Once a Week",3.9,1.6,0.7,0.4,0.5
"Table HC14.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,6.4,2.2,4.2 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,17.8,5.3,12.5 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,13.7,4.2,9.5 "Laptop Model",16.9,4.1,1.1,3 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,2.9,0.9,2 "2 to 15 Hours",29.1,6.6,2,4.6
"Table HC14.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,2.6,0.7,1.9 "2 Times A Day",24.6,6.6,2,4.6 "Once a Day",42.3,8.8,2.9,5.8 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,4.7,1.5,3.1 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.7,"Q",0.6 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.7,0.3,0.4 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.2,"Q","Q"
"Table HC13.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,1.4,0.8,0.2,0.3 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,39.3,20.9,6.7,11.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,38.9,20.7,6.6,11.7 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2"
"Table HC4.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Renter-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Renter-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total",111.1,33,8,3.4,5.9,14.4,1.2 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3.4,1,0.4,0.6,1.2,"Q" "2 Times A Day",24.6,8.6,2.3,1,1.6,3.5,0.2
"Table HC4.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Renter-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Renter-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,33,8,3.4,5.9,14.4,1.2 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.6,"Q","Q","Q",0.3,"Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,32.3,8,3.3,5.8,14.1,1.1
"Table HC3.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.6,0.3,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,77.5,63.7,4.2,1.8,2.2,5.6
"Table HC3.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,11.3,9.3,0.6,"Q",0.4,0.9 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,66.8,54.7,3.6,1.7,1.9,4.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,65.8,54,3.6,1.7,1.9,4.7
"Table HC11.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ," U.S. Housing Units (millions) " ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,1.2,1,0.2 "2 Times A Day",24.6,4,2.7,1.2 "Once a Day",42.3,7.9,5.4,2.5 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,6,4.8,1.2 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.6,0.5,"Q" "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.6,0.4,"Q"
Evidence from Two Large Field Experiments that Peer Comparison Feedback Can Reduce Residential Energy Usage
Abstract: By providing feedback to customers on home electricity and natural gas usage with a focus on peer comparisons, utilities can reduce energy consumption at a low cost. We analyze data from two large-scale, random-assignment field experiments conducted by utility companies providing electricity (the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)) and electricity and natural gas (Puget Sound Energy (PSE)), in partnership with a private company, Positive Energy/oPower, which provides monthly or quarterly mailed peer feedback reports to customers. We find reductions in energy consumption of 1.2 % (PSE) to 2.1% percent (SMUD), with the decrease sustained over time (seven months (PSE) and twelve months (SMUD)).
Ian Ayres Yale; Sophie Raseman Yale; Alice Shih Yale; Ian Ayres; Sophie Raseman; Alice Shih
Prolonged cold storage of red blood cells by oxygen removal and additive usage
Prolonged cold storage of red blood cells by oxygen removal and additive usage. A cost-effective, 4.degree. C. storage procedure that preserves red cell quality and prolongs post-transfusion in vivo survival is described. The improved in vivo survival and the preservation of adenosine triphosphate levels, along with reduction in hemolysis and membrane vesicle production of red blood cells stored at 4.degree. C. for prolonged periods of time, is achieved by reducing the oxygen level therein at the time of storage; in particular, by flushing the cells with an inert gas, and storing them in an aqueous solution which includes adenine, dextrose, mannitol, citrate ion, and dihydrogen phosphate ion, but no sodium chloride, in an oxygen-permeable container which is located in an oxygen-free environment containing oxygen-scavenging materials.
Bitensky, Mark W. (Boston, MA); Yoshida, Tatsuro (Newton, MA)
Prolonged cold storage of red blood cells by oxygen removal and additive usage. A cost-effective, 4 C storage procedure that preserves red cell quality and prolongs post-transfusion in vivo survival is described. The improved in vivo survival and the preservation of adenosine triphosphate levels, along with reduction in hemolysis and membrane vesicle production of red blood cells stored at 4 C for prolonged periods of time, is achieved by reducing the oxygen level therein at the time of storage; in particular, by flushing the cells with an inert gas, and storing them in an aqueous solution which includes adenine, dextrose, mannitol, citrate ion, and dihydrogen phosphate ion, but no sodium chloride, in an oxygen-permeable container which is located in an oxygen-free environment containing oxygen-scavenging materials. 8 figs.
Bitensky, M.W.; Yoshida, Tatsuro
Method and apparatus for minimizing the fuel usage in an internal combustion engine
An apparatus and method is disclosed for minimizing the fuel usage in an internal combustion engine. The subject invention is particularly adapted for use with an engine installation subject to varying loads and which includes a governor for varying fuel flow as a function of load. In operation, the combustibles in the exhaust gas of the engine is continuously monitored. The measured level of combustibles is then compared with a predetermined level corresponding to optimum efficiency. A controller is provided for varying the air/fuel ratio supplied to the engine for maximizing efficiency in correspondence with the preset level. By this arrangement, energy output is increased permitting the governor to further reduce fuel flow, thereby minimizing energy costs.
Smojven, R.R.
Usage of Friction-damped Braced Frames for Seismic Vibration Control
This study presents the results of experimental work that examines the functionality of friction-damped braced frames during seismic events. The simplicity and efficacy of this friction device as a means of passive vibration control suggest that it may have notable implications in the field of structural engineering. Little scholarship has been devoted to this issue in recent years, and further research to advance our understanding of its possible implementations is necessary. To measure the functionality of this type of frame, this study first examines and compares virtual models of a building modeling the effect of friction damping versus that same building without such damping. It then corroborates these findings by presenting the results of physical experimentation on a scale model of the building, both with and without damping. The validation of the virtual models by the physical model provides credence to the usage of friction-damped braced frames as a seismic energy dissipating system.
Fink, Brynnan 1992-
Stratgies for Diversity Usage to Mitigate Postulated Common Cause Failure Vulnerabilities
This paper describes an approach to establish effective mitigating strategies that can resolve potential common-cause failure (CCF) vulnerabilities in instrumentation and control systems at nuclear power plants. A particular objective in the development of these strategies, which consist of combinations of diversity attributes and their associated criteria, is to address the unique characteristics of digital technology that can contribute to CCF concerns. The research approach employed to establish diversity strategies involves investigation of available documentation on diversity usage and experience from nuclear power and non-nuclear industries, capture of expert knowledge and lessons learned, determination of common practices, and assessment of the nature of CCFs and compensating diversity attributes. The resulting diversity strategies address considerations such as the effect of technology choices, the nature of CCF vulnerabilities, and the prospective impact of each diversity type. In particular, the impact of each attribute and criterion on the purpose, process, product, and performance aspects of diverse systems are considered.
Wood, Richard Thomas [ORNL; Waterman, Michael E. [U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Display space usage and window management operation comparisons between single monitor and multiple monitor users
The continuing trend toward greater processing power, larger storage, and in particular increased display surface by using multiple monitor supports increased multi-tasking by the computer user. The concomitant increase in desktop complexity has the potential to push the overhead of window management to frustrating and counterproductive new levels. It is difficult to adequately design for multiple monitor systems without understanding how multiple monitor users differ from, or are similar to, single monitor users. Therefore, we deployed a tool to a group of single monitor and multiple monitor users to log window management activity. Analysis of the data collected from this tool revealed that usage of interaction components may change with an increase in number of monitors, and window visibility can be a useful measure of user display space management activity, especially for multiple monitor users. The results from this analysis begin to fill a gap in research about real-world window management practices.
Dugald Ralph Hutchings; Greg Smith; Brian Meyers; Mary Czerwinski; George Robertson
Buildings Energy Data Book: 8.5 Federal Government Water Usage
Buildings Energy Data Book (EERE)
5 Federal Government Water Usage 5 Federal Government Water Usage March 2012 8.5.1 Federal Water Consumption Intensity and Costs (Millions of Gallons) Agency Total Source(s): 164,382.9 536,301.9 3,129,134.9 52.5 FEMP, Annual Report to Congress on Federal Government Energy Management and Conservation Programs FY 2007, Table 9, p. 26, Jan. 2010. HUD 21.8 139.1 1,432.0 15.2 RRB 5.5 19.5 346.9 15.9 SSA 125.0 617.1 9,262.0 13.5 Archives 107.9 552.9 4,062.0 26.6 State 169.0 762.2 4,476.7 37.8 EPA 168.1 1,196.0 3,723.3 45.2 Treasury 431.1 1,795.5 12,049.6 35.8 Commerce 352.1 1,571.2 13,627.9 25.8 TVA 733.0 2,248.2 27,969.8 26.2 DOT 464.1 3,002.8 25,722.1 18.0 DHS 1,522.8 12,442.9 45,556.7 33.4 Labor 1,029.0 4,816.3 20,335.8 50.6 NASA 2,036.5 5,085.8 38,896.2 52.4 HHS 1,799.7 11,814.7 31,338.4 57.4 GSA 2,651.2 18,104.9 176,414.5 15.0 USDA 2,150.9 4,876.0 57,480.9 37.4 USPS
The relationship between children's computer game usage and creativity in Korea
This study investigated the relationships among children?s creativity, computer games, natural play, TV, and their structured activities daily after school by the analysis of their time spent on computer games, and the other components with the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), using the statistical methods of MANOVA and SEM. Activity 5 of Verbal Form B and Activity 2 of Figural Forms B of the TTCT were used to measure students? verbal and figural creativity scores. Two hundreds and thirty eight 3rd and 6th grade students from one rural and one urban school in the Republic of Korea were studied. The study also examined whether any variables (i.e., gender, grade, location, achievement, genres of computer games and parental Social Economic Status) affected children?s creativity scores and computer game usage. Children using computer games heavily showed significantly higher scores on the scale of Figural Originality than those with moderate usage. Highly structured activity students had significantly higher scores on all Figural TTCT scales than did the moderately structured activity group. There was a significant location difference on Figural Originality and Figural Elaboration, parental SES, and time spent on TV. Time spent on free play did not show any differences on any TTCT scales. Time spent on TV was differently correlated with the Figural TTCT by parental SES. Third graders obtained significantly higher scores than 6th graders on all the Verbal TTCT and Figural Elaboration scales. In this study, the subjects showed a significant preference for Role Playing Game (RPG) and Casual games. Gender differences on preferences of game genres, time spent on computer games and starting period of computer use were found. The MANOVA among genres of computer games on the TTCT scores was significant. The path models showed that the parent factor had strong correlation with children?s figural creativity and the play factor was correlated more with verbal creativity.
Lee, Kyung-Sook
Graphics Calculators In Developmental Mathematics�Policies And Practice: An Investigation Of Factors Affecting Instructors� Classroom Usage In Tennessee Community Colleges.
??The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of Tennessee community college full-time developmental mathematics instructors� classroom graphics calculator usage (percent of class� (more)
Smith, Joyce Petty
Pricing Experiments for a Computer-Telephony-Service Usage Allocation Jimmy S. Shih, Randy H. Katz, Anthony D. Joseph
Pricing Experiments for a Computer-Telephony-Service Usage Allocation Jimmy S. Shih, Randy H. Katz, Anthony D. Joseph Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California to entice users to talk less, talk at another time, or use a lower quality connection. With our token scheme
Joseph, Anthony D.
Impact of 3G and beyond technology development and pricing on mobile data service provisioning, usage and diffusion
This study investigates the third generation mobile telecommunication systems (3G) diffusion challenges in the situation where large-scale mobile data service usage has not yet broken through. The paper first analyzes incumbent mobile operator business ... Keywords: 3G mobile services, Business models, Flat rate pricing, L96, O33, Techno-economics, Telecommunication
Jarmo Harno
Ribosome collisions and Translation efficiency: Optimization by codon usage and mRNA destabilization
Individual mRNAs are translated by multiple ribosomes that initiate translation with a few seconds interval. The ribosome speed is codon dependant, and ribosome queuing has been suggested to explain specific data for translation of some mRNAs in vivo. By modelling the stochastic translation process as a traffic problem, we here analyze conditions and consequences of collisions and queuing. The model allowed us to determine the on-rate (0.8 to 1.1 initiations per sec) and the time (1 sec) the preceding ribosome occludes initiation for Escherichia coli lacZ mRNA in vivo. We find that ribosome collisions and queues are inevitable consequences of a stochastic translation mechanism that reduce the translation efficiency substantially on natural mRNAs. The cells minimize collisions by having its mRNAs being unstable and by a highly selected codon usage in the start of the mRNA. The cost of mRNA breakdown is offset by the concomitant increase in translational efficiency.
Namiko Mitarai; Kim Sneppen; Steen Pedersen
Health, safety and environmental issues relating to cadmium usage in photovoltaic energy systems
This paper discusses the current technology base and hazards associated with two promising thin-film photovoltaic cells that contain cadmium compounds -- cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}). More specifically, this paper summarizes the toxicological information on cadmium (Cd) compounds; evaluates potential health, safety and environmental hazards associated with cadmium usage in the photovoltaics industry; describes regulatory requirements associated with the use, handling and disposal of cadmium compounds; and lists management options to permit the safe and continued use of these materials. Handling of cadmium in photovoltaic production can present hazards to health, safety and the environment. Prior recognition of these hazards can allow device manufacturers and regulators to implement appropriate and readily available hazard management strategies. Hazards associated with product use (i.e., array fires) and disposal remain controversial and partially unresolved. The most likely effects that could be expected would be those associated with chronic low-level exposures to cadmium wastes. Because of the general immobility of the cadmium present in these devices and availability of environmental and biomonitoring protocols, chronic hazards can be monitored, and remediated if necessary. Nevertheless, concern about cadmium hazards should continue to be emphasized to ensure that health, safety and environmental issues are properly managed. At the same time, the potential role that these systems can play in ameliorating some important health and environmental hazards related to other energy systems should not be ignored. 27 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Moskowitz, P.D.; Fthenakis, V.M. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (USA)); Zweibel, K. (Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (USA))
This paper discusses the current technology base and hazards associated with two promising thin-film photovoltaic cells that contain cadmium compounds--cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium deselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}). More specifically, this paper summarized the toxicological information on cadmium (Cd) compounds;evaluates potential health, safety and environmental hazards associated with cadmium usage in the photovoltaics industry; describes regulatory requirements associated with the use, handling and disposal of cadmium compounds; and lists management options to permit the safe and continued use of these materials. Handling of cadmium in photovoltaic production can present hazards to health, safety and the environment. Prior recognition of these hazards can allow device manufacturers and regulators to implement appropriate and readily available hazard management strategies. Hazards associated with product use (i.e., array fires) and disposal remain controversial and partially unresolved. The most likely effects that could be expected would be those associated with chronic low-level exposures to cadmium wastes. Because of the general immobility of the cadmium present in these devices and availability of environmental and biomonitoring protocols, chronic hazards can be monitored, and remediated if necessary. 26 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
CDF GlideinWMS usage in grid computing of high energy physics
Many members of large science collaborations already have specialized grids available to advance their research in the need of getting more computing resources for data analysis. This has forced the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) collaboration to move beyond the usage of dedicated resources and start exploiting Grid resources. Nowadays, CDF experiment is increasingly relying on glidein-based computing pools for data reconstruction. Especially, Monte Carlo production and user data analysis, serving over 400 users by central analysis farm middleware (CAF) on the top of Condor batch system and CDF Grid infrastructure. Condor is designed as distributed architecture and its glidein mechanism of pilot jobs is ideal for abstracting the Grid computing by making a virtual private computing pool. We would like to present the first production use of the generic pilot-based Workload Management System (glideinWMS), which is an implementation of the pilot mechanism based on the Condor distributed infrastructure. CDF Grid computing uses glideinWMS for its data reconstruction on the FNAL campus Grid, user analysis and Monte Carlo production across Open Science Grid (OSG). We review this computing model and setup used including CDF specific configuration within the glideinWMS system which provides powerful scalability and makes Grid computing working like in a local batch environment with ability to handle more than 10000 running jobs at a time.
Zvada, Marian; /Fermilab /Kosice, IEF; Benjamin, Doug; /Duke U.; Sfiligoi, Igor; /Fermilab
Ammonia usage in vapor compression for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the United States
The impending phaseout of CFCs and HCFCs has led to a worldwide search for refrigerants that can provide equivalent performance while not damaging the environment. Long used as a working fluid in industrial and large-scale refrigeration, ammonia provides high efficiency, low initial cost, and no detrimental impact to the environment. However, its toxicity and flammability, along with technical considerations and increased operating costs, deter its use in many refrigeration and cooling applications. Utilization of ammonia in applications where its safety considerations and technical concerns can be addressed provides the best growth opportunity for adoption as a replacement refrigerant. Applications such as district or large-scale cooling, thermal storage, packaged systems, and combined systems hold promise for increased usage of ammonia. Ongoing research and development are providing solutions to technical considerations, and innovations in safety and containment of ammonia are addressing those particular concerns, but code restrictions and regulations present the greatest barrier to wider adoption of ammonia as an alternate refrigerant in the US To encourage wider use, future efforts will need to continue on improved safety and more efficient design, along with an increased emphasis on educating and informing industry and the public about the advantages ammonia and the factors restricting its use.
Fairchild, P.D.; Baxter, V.D.
Guidelines for Energy Cost Savings Resulting from Tracking and Monitoring Electrical nad Natural Gas Usage, Cost, and Rates
This paper discusses how improved energy information in schools and hospitals from tracking and monitoring electrical and natural gas usage, cost, and optional rate structures, can reduce energy costs. Recommendations, methods, and guidelines for monitoring and tracking of utilities are provided. These recommendations, methods, and guidelines are the result of on-site work for schools and hospitals . Recently completed energy usage survey and observations of several hospitals in Texas are included. Opportunities exist for schools, hospitals, and other buildings t o achieve significant dollar savings by good utility management. Understanding utility rate structures is essential for minimizing energy costs. The authors' data is for Texas schools and hospitals, but the principles presented apply to other geographic areas.
McClure, J. D.; Estes, M. C.; Estes, J. M.
Abstract: This paper describes a method for defining representative load profiles for domestic electricity users in the UK. It considers bottom up and clustering methods and then details the research plans for implementing and improving existing framework approaches based on the overall usage profile. The work focuses on adapting and applying analysis framework approaches to UK energy data in order to determine the effectiveness of creating a few (single figures) archetypical users with the intention of improving on the current methods of determining usage profiles. The work is currently in progress and the paper details initial results using data collected in Milton Keynes around 1990. Various possible enhancements to the work are considered including a split based on temperature to reflect the varying UK weather conditions.
Ian Dent; Uwe Aickelin; Tom Rodden
Home Consumer Perceptions about Landscape Water Conservation and Relationships with Historical Usage
Water is considered to be one of the most limited and precious resources on Earth. Due to this scarcity, water conservation has become essential in order to preserve water resources. Landscape plant material brings quality to urban and suburban lifestyles and increases value to home properties. Yet it has been shown that an excess amount of water is often applied to landscapes when the plant material does not in fact need the supplemental irrigation. A researcher based survey, the Landscape Water Conservation Survey, was sent to 799 single family homes in the College Station, TX. Data collection occurred from November 2005 through August 2006 with a 27% return. The survey asked the recipients 14 questions on water use and home consumers? perceptions. Historical landscape water usage was compiled from 2000-2002 which included actual water use, taxable value, of the residence, heated area, and the water meter identification number for these selected households supplied by The City of College Station Water Utilities. The survey indicates a strong disconnect between the amount of irrigation landscape plant materials need and the quantity of water that is actually applied. Surveyed home consumer perceptions demonstrate excessive amounts of irrigation were normally applied to landscape plant material when no irrigation was needed due to rainfall. Many respondents to The Landscape Water Management Survey indicated that they believed to have efficient irrigation practices in place when in actuality they do not. Educational resources are needed to teach the public on the amounts of irrigation landscape plant materials actually need, how to apply measured home irrigation practices, the principles of water conservation, and meeting the water requirements of varied landscape plant material. If these could be established and implemented, there would be a higher rate of conserving water and providing plant material with the sufficient amount of irrigation required.
Milberger, Whitney F.
"Table HC15.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,5.5,5.5,6.7,9.5 "1.",28.6,1.8,2,2.3,2.8 "2.",29.5,2.3,1.9,2,3.4 "3.",14.7,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.4 "4.",9.3,0.4,"Q",0.8,1.1 "5 or More",9.7,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.9 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,1.7,1.7,2.1,4.7
"Table HC8.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3.7,1.6,1.4,1.5 "2 Times A Day",24.6,10.8,4.1,4.3,5.5 "Once a Day",42.3,17,7.2,8.7,9.3 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,11.4,4.7,6.4,4.8 "About Once a Week",3.9,1.7,0.6,0.9,0.8 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,2.2,0.6,0.8,0.5 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.4,"Q","Q","Q"
"Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,16.8,21.7,33.8,19.5 "1.",28.6,5,6.3,11.2,6.1 "2.",29.5,6.2,6.5,10.5,6.3 "3.",14.7,2.5,4,5,3.1 "4.",9.3,1.5,2.5,3.4,1.9 "5 or More",9.7,1.6,2.4,3.7,2 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,5.2,6.7,10.6,8.6
Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers relative to job category, respirator usage, and cigarette smoking
1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of recent exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We investigated whether urinary 1-OHP concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers (COWs) are modulated by job category, respirator usage, and cigarette smoking. The present cross-sectional study measured urinary 1-OHP concentrations in 197 COWs from Coking plant I and 250 COWs from Coking plant II, as well as 220 unexposed referents from Control plant I and 56 referents from Control plant II. Urinary 1-OHP concentrations (geometric mean, {mu}mol/mol creatinine) were 5.18 and 4.21 in workers from Coking plants I and II, respectively. The highest 1-OHP levels in urine were found among topside workers including lidmen, tar chasers, and whistlers. Benchmen had higher 1-OHP levels than other workers at the sideoven. Above 75% of the COWs exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit of 2.3 {mu}mol/mol creatinine. Respirator usage and increased body mass index (BMI) slightly reduced 1-OHP levels in COWs. Cigarette smoking significantly increased urinary 1-OHP levels in unexposed referents but had no effect in COWs. Chinese COWs, especially topside workers and benchmen, are exposed to high levels of PAHs. Urinary 1-OHP concentrations appear to be modulated by respirator usage and BMI in COWs, as well as by smoking in unexposed referents.
Bo Chen; Yunping Hu; Lixing Zheng; Qiangyi Wang; Yuanfen Zhou; Taiyi Jin [Fudan University, Shanghai (China). School of Public Health
"Table HC10.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,1.2,1.4,3,2.6 "2 Times A Day",24.6,4,5.8,8.3,6.6 "Once a Day",42.3,7.9,10.7,15,8.8 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,6,5.6,10.9,4.7 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.6,0.9,1.6,0.7 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.6,1.1,1.7,0.7 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.3,"Q","Q",0.2
Improve Industrial Temperature Measurement Precision for Cost-Effective Energy Usage
Temperature measurement and energy efficiencies have always been tightly interrelated. Recent years have seen substantial advancements in the ability to make industrial temperature measurements with absolute accuracy. This capability should continue to have a great impact on industrial energy efficiency.
"Absolute Accuracy" is a new concept in industrial temperature measurement. Making a measurement with "Absolute Accuracy" has enormous advantages in major industrial processes from heat-transfer to combustion thermal efficiency. Absolute measurement accuracy is especially critical when one temperature measurement is to be compared to another temperature measurement or if the measurement is to be used as part of a calculation formula such as BTU usage or compensated flow.
The thermocouple and the RTD sensor continue to be the workhorse sensors for industrial measurements, but the precision measurement capability of the RTD sensor is showing real value in new installations. For temperature measurements under 1,000�F, the RTD is extremely stable and repeatable in almost all measurement conditions.
There have been significant advances in the ability to accurately read these sensors, particularly in industrial applications where the temperature sensor is installed in a remote location. Four-wire sensor measurement techniques can now be used for reading RTD's in industrial applications. These four-wire measurement techniques have improved the practical measurement accuracy in industrial applications to better than �0.1�C. This is at least ten times better than any practical industrial temperature measurement accuracy made prior to 1980.
These significant accuracy improvements have been matched by similar improvements in measurement stability, particularly from smart temperature transmitters.
Measurement accuracy and stability improvements have allowed for similar advances in process control strategies and in precision energy use studies. Until recently, the inaccuracy of process temperature measurements have stymied implementation of sophisticated control algorithms. With the advent of precise, stable temperature measurements, a number of process control strategies can be implemented using real-time enthalpy balances for control of batch and continuous reactions. These control strategies can result in very significant improvements in both throughput and quality.
Similar improvements can be made where it is important to compare an industrial temperature measurements. These comparisons are frequent in energy use studies to identify and isolate potential energy savings.
This article examines the advances in remote temperature measurement techniques for the process and utility industries. It offers several examples of the significance of the on-line control techniques.
Lewis, C. W.
Analyzing the Impact of Residential Building Attributes, Demographic and Behavioral Factors on Natural Gas Usage
This analysis examines the relationship between energy demand and residential building attributes, demographic characteristics, and behavioral variables using the U.S. Department of Energy�s Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 microdata. This study investigates the applicability of the smooth backfitting estimator to statistical analysis of residential energy consumption via nonparametric regression. The methodology utilized in the study extends nonparametric additive regression via local linear smooth backfitting to categorical variables. The conventional methods used for analyzing residential energy consumption are econometric modeling and engineering simulations. This study suggests an econometric approach that can be utilized in combination with simulation results. A common weakness of previously used econometric models is a very high likelihood that any suggested parametric relationships will be misspecified. Nonparametric modeling does not have this drawback. Its flexibility allows for uncovering more complex relationships between energy use and the explanatory variables than can possibly be achieved by parametric models. Traditionally, building simulation models overestimated the effects of energy efficiency measures when compared to actual "as-built" observed savings. While focusing on technical efficiency, they do not account for behavioral or market effects. The magnitude of behavioral or market effects may have a substantial influence on the final energy savings resulting from implementation of various energy conservation measures and programs. Moreover, variability in behavioral aspects and user characteristics appears to have a significant impact on total energy consumption. Inaccurate estimates of energy consumption and potential savings also impact investment decisions. The existing modeling literature, whether it relies on parametric specifications or engineering simulation, does not accommodate inclusion of a behavioral component. This study attempts to bridge that gap by analyzing behavioral data and investigate the applicability of additive nonparametric regression to this task. This study evaluates the impact of 31 regressors on residential natural gas usage. The regressors include weather, economic variables, demographic and behavioral characteristics, and building attributes related to energy use. In general, most of the regression results were in line with previous engineering and economic studies in this area. There were, however, some counterintuitive results, particularly with regard to thermostat controls and behaviors. There are a number of possible reasons for these counterintuitive results including the inability to control for regional climate variability due to the data sanitization (to prevent identification of respondents), inaccurate data caused by to self-reporting, and the fact that not all relevant behavioral variables were included in the data set, so we were not able to control for them in the study. The results of this analysis could be used as an in-sample prediction for approximating energy demand of a residential building whose characteristics are described by the regressors in this analysis, but a certain combination of their particular values does not exist in the real world. In addition, this study has potential applications for benefit-cost analysis of residential upgrades and retrofits under a fixed budget, because the results of this study contain information on how natural gas consumption might change once a particular characteristic or attribute is altered. Finally, the results of this study can help establish a relationship between natural gas consumption and changes in behavior of occupants.
Livingston, Olga V.; Cort, Katherine A.
Annotated compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in non-industrial applications. [Includes about 400 abstracts and glossary
This report presents a thorough compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in non-industrial applications, as available in the open literature and from the U.S. electrical power industry. The report's scope encompasses all aspects of: electric load management; end use; and the various methods of acquisition, analysis and implementation of electricity usage data. There are over 400 abstracts; 156 from the Load Research Committee of Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (LRC/AEIC) reports and 264 from the open literature. The abstracts over references containing over 12,000 pages plus about 2,500 references and 6,200 graphs and tables pertinent to electricity usage in non-industrial applications. In addition to the LRC/AEIC abstracts, this document identifies over 100 sources of directly relevant information (in contrast to general interest sources and material of secondary relevance).
An annotated compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in non-industrial applications. Final report
The report is a thorough compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in non-industrial applications, as available in the open literature and from the U.S. electrical power industry. The report's scope encompasses all aspects of: electric load management; end-use; and the various methods of acquisition, analysis, and implementation of electricity usage data. There are over 400 abstracts; 156 from LRC/AEIC reports, and 264 from the open literature. The abstracts cover references containing over 12,000 pages plus about 2,500 references and 6,200 graphs and tables pertinent to electricity usage in non-industrial applications. In addition to the LRC/AEIC abstracts, this document identifies over 100 sources of directly relevant information (in contrast to general interest sources and material of secondary relevance).
Reznek, B.
"Table HC1.3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units"
3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" 3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Heated Floorspace (square feet)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Fewer than 500","500 to 999","1,000 to 1,499","1,500 to 1,999","2,000 to 2,499","2,500 to 2,999","3,000 or More" "Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6 "No Main Space Heating Equipment",1.2,"N","N","N","N","N","N","N" "Have Main Space Heating Equipment",109.8,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6 "Use Main Space Heating Equipment",109.1,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6
"Table HC1.4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units"
4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" 4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Cooled Floorspace (square feet)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Fewer than 500","500 to 999","1,000 to 1,499","1,500 to 1,999","2,000 to 2,499","2,500 to 2,999","3,000 or More" "Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,49.2,15.1,15.6,11.1,7,5.2,8 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,31.3,15.1,15.6,11.1,7,5.2,8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,30.4,14.6,15.4,11.1,6.9,5.2,7.9 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,1,0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q" "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,17.8,"N","N","N","N","N","N"
The Technical and Economical Analysis of the Air-conditioning System Usage in Residential Buildings in Beijing
In this paper, we show that the air-conditioning usage in residential buildings in Beijing grows rapidly in relation to the development of civil construction. More and more people are not satisfied with the current style of only using split air-conditioning units in residential buildings, and are using the central air-conditioning system in residential buildings. To determine the best air conditioning mode, a residential tower building with 22 layers was chosen for analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of the central air-conditioning system and the residential multi-unit air-conditioning equipment system and the LiBr absorption chiller were compared based on calculating the first-cost and the annual cost (according to providing cooling 90 days annually). The predicted results show the economical feasibility of using the refrigerating units in air-conditioning systems in Beijing region, and point out the developing directions for the future.
Sheng, G.; Xie, G.
u-DRM: A Unified Framework of Digital Rights Management based on RFID and Application of Its Usage Data Summary
In the Internet, the digital format of most contents has led to its increased piracy because of the ease of copying and sharing the digital contents. Moreover, the advent of new technologies such as ubiquitous computing seems to cause problems of piracy even more than before. Likewise it�s going to be a more critical issue to control and manage rights of digital contents in the future. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework of u-DRM: a unified framework of DRM based on RIFD with watermarking and fingerprinting. The framework consists of two methods using digital mediums and digital contents. And we suggest ways for the application of usage data collected from the proposed framework of u-DRM. Key words:
Jong Hwan Suh; Sang Chan Park
Summary of treatment, storage, and disposal facility usage data collected from U.S. Department of Energy sites
This report presents an analysis for the US Department of Energy (DOE) to determine the level and extent of treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) assessment duplication. Commercial TSDFs are used as an integral part of the hazardous waste management process for those DOE sites that generate hazardous waste. Data regarding the DOE sites` usage have been extracted from three sets of data and analyzed in this report. The data are presented both qualitatively and quantitatively, as appropriate. This information provides the basis for further analysis of assessment duplication to be documented in issue papers as appropriate. Once the issues have been identified and adequately defined, corrective measures will be proposed and subsequently implemented.
Jacobs, A.; Oswald, K. [Lockheed Idaho Technologies Co., Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Trump, C. [EG and G Rocky Flats, Golden, CO (United States)
Plant Wide Assessment of Energy Usage Utilizing SitEModelling as a Tool for Optimizing Energy Consumption
The Evonik Degussa Corporation is the global market leader in the specialty chemicals industry. Innovative products and system solutions make an indispensable contribution to our customers' success. We refer to this as "creating essentials". In fiscal 2004, Degussa's 45,000 employees worldwide generated sales of 11.2 billion euros and operating profits (EBIT) of 965 million euros. Evonik Degussa Corporation has performed a plant wide energy usage assessment at the Mapleton, Illinois facility, which consumed 1,182,330 MMBTU in 2003. The purpose of this study was to identify opportunities for improvement regarding the plant�s utility requirements specific to their operation. The production is based mainly on natural gas usage for steam, process heating and hydrogen production. The current high price for natural gas in the US is not very competitive compared to other countries. Therefore, all efforts must be taken to minimize the utility consumption in order to maximize market position and minimize fixed cost increases due to the rising costs of energy. The main objective of this plant wide assessment was to use a methodology called Site Energy Modelling (SitE Modelling) to identify areas of potential improvement for energy savings, either in implementing a single process change or in changing the way different processes interact with each other. The overall goal was to achieve energy savings of more than 10% compared to the 2003 energy figures of the Mapleton site. The final savings breakdown is provided below: - 4.1% savings for steam generation and delivery These savings were accomplished through better control schemes, more constant and optimized loading of the boilers and increased boiler efficiency through an advanced control schemes. - 1.6% savings for plant chemical processing These saving were accomplished through optimized processing heating efficiency and batch recipes, as well as an optimized production schedule to help equalize the boiler load (e.g. steam consumption).
Ralf Janowsky, Ph.D.; Tracey Mole, Ph.D.
Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Battery Usage Lithium polymer batteries are now being widely used in hobby and UAV applications. They work
Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Battery Usage 1 Lithium polymer batteries are now being widely used in hobby nickel metal and ni-cad batteries. But with this increase in battery life come potential hazards. Use batteries with a battery charger specifically designed for lithium polymer batteries. As an example, you
Langendoen, Koen
Economic impact of energy shortages on commercial air transportation and aviation manufacture. Volume 2. Aviation industries profiles and energy usage characteristics
The purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of energy scarcity on the air transportation industry. Volume II provides a data base on the characteristics and operating performances of the air transportation industry and the aircraft, engines, and parts manufacturing industries, including energy usage characteristics and efficiency. (BYB)
Gorham, J.E.; Gross, D.; Snipes, J.C.
Description Usage Details
R topics documented: harvard........................................... 2 michigan.......................................... 2 stanford........................................... 3 Index 4 1 2 michigan harvard A Harvard study on lung cancer gene expression
Robert Scharpf; Simens Zhong; Maintainer Robert Scharpf; Depends R; Lazyload Yes
NIST Switch usage instructions
NIST ITG. How to use. Make sure the label module is loaded and start the RSVP daemon. To send RSVP path messages ...
NIST Net usage instructions
NIST. How to use the emulation package. Before running NIST Net, the kernel emulator module must be installed through ...
Model of Procedure Usage � Results from a Qualitative Study to Inform Design of Computer-Based Procedures
The nuclear industry is constantly trying to find ways to decrease the human error rate, especially the human errors associated with procedure use. As a step toward the goal of improving procedure use performance, researchers, together with the nuclear industry, have been looking at replacing the current paper-based procedures with computer-based procedure systems. The concept of computer-based procedures is not new by any means; however most research has focused on procedures used in the main control room. Procedures reviewed in these efforts are mainly emergency operating procedures and normal operating procedures. Based on lessons learned for these previous efforts we are now exploring a more unknown application for computer based procedures - field procedures, i.e. procedures used by nuclear equipment operators and maintenance technicians. The Idaho National Laboratory, the Institute for Energy Technology, and participants from the U.S. commercial nuclear industry are collaborating in an applied research effort with the objective of developing requirements and specifications for a computer-based procedure system to be used by field operators. The goal is to identify the types of human errors that can be mitigated by using computer-based procedures and how to best design the computer-based procedures to do this. The underlying philosophy in the research effort is �Stop � Start � Continue�, i.e. what features from the use of paper-based procedures should we not incorporate (Stop), what should we keep (Continue), and what new features or work processes should be added (Start). One step in identifying the Stop � Start � Continue was to conduct a baseline study where affordances related to the current usage of paper-based procedures were identified. The purpose of the study was to develop a model of paper based procedure use which will help to identify desirable features for computer based procedure prototypes. Affordances such as note taking, markups, sharing procedures between fellow coworkers, the use of multiple procedures at once, etc. were considered. The model describes which affordances associated with paper based procedures should be transferred to computer-based procedures as well as what features should not be incorporated. The model also provides a means to identify what new features not present in paper based procedures need to be added to the computer-based procedures to further enhance performance. The next step is to use the requirements and specifications to develop concepts and prototypes of computer-based procedures. User tests and other data collection efforts will be conducted to ensure that the real issues with field procedures and their usage are being addressed and solved in the best manner possible. This paper describes the baseline study, the construction of the model of procedure use, and the requirements and specifications for computer-based procedures that were developed based on the model. It also addresses how the model and the insights gained from it were used to develop concepts and prototypes for computer based procedures.
Johanna H Oxstrand; Katya L Le Blanc
Miniaturized Analytical Platforms From Nanoparticle Components: Studies in the Construction, Characterization, and High-Throughput Usage of These Novel Architectures
The scientific community has recently experienced an overall effort to reduce the physical size of many experimental components to the nanometer size range. This size is unique as the characteristics of this regime involve aspects of pure physics, biology, and chemistry. One extensively studied example of a nanometer sized experimental component, which acts as a junction between these three principle scientific theologies, is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). These biopolymers not only contain the biological genetic guide to code for the production of life-sustaining materials, but are also being probed by physicists as a means to create electrical circuits and furthermore as controllable architectural and sensor motifs in the chemical disciplines. Possibly the most common nano-sized component between these sciences are nanoparticles composed of a variety of materials. The cross discipline employment of nanoparticles is evident from the vast amount of literature that has been produced from each of the individual communities within the last decade. Along these cross-discipline lines, this dissertation examines the use of several different types of nanoparticles with a wide array of surface chemistries to understand their adsorption properties and to construct unique miniaturized analytical and immunoassay platforms. This introduction will act as a literature review to provide key information regarding the synthesis and surface chemistries of several types of nanoparticles. This material will set the stage for a discussion of assembling ordered arrays of nanoparticles into functional platforms, architectures, and sensors. The introduction will also include a short explanation of the atomic force microscope that is used throughout the thesis to characterize the nanoparticle-based structures. Following the Introduction, four research chapters are presented as separate manuscripts. Chapter 1 examines the self-assembly of polymeric nanoparticles exhibiting a variety of surface chemistries and attempts to deconvolute general adsorption rules for their assembly on various substrates. Chapter 2 extends the usage of self-assembly of polymeric nanoparticles through a layer-by-layer deposition concept and photolithography methodologies to create analytical platforms with a vertical height controlled within the nanometer regime. This platform is then furthered in Chapter 3 by employing this integrated concept as a bio-recognition platform, with the extension of the method to a high-throughput screening system explored. Chapter 4 exploits two different types of nanoparticles, silica and gold, as multiplexed, self-assembled immunoassay sensors. This final research chapter is followed by a general summation and future prospectus section that concludes the dissertation.
Andrew David Pris
Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Health Impacts Program (Poster)
We evaluated day-of-week differences in mean concentrations of ozone precursors [nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO)] at monitoring sites in 23 states comprising seven geographic focus areas for the years 1998-2003. We used Wednesdays to represent weekdays and Sundays to represent weekends; we also analyzed Saturdays. Statistical t-tests applied to every monitor showed substantial and statistically significant differences between Wednesday and weekend mean concentrations of ozone precursors in all study areas. At half the sites, nine-hour (6 am through 3 pm) mean concentrations of NO, NOx, and CO declined by at least 65, 49, and 28 percent, respectively, from Wednesdays to Sundays. Large reductions in mean concentrations of ozone precursors on weekends did not reduce mean concentrations of peak ozone significantly, and in many areas, mean peak ozone increased on weekends. Ozone accumulation began earlier on Sundays than on Wednesdays, on average. We also evaluated day-of-week differences in mean concentrations of fine particle and nitrate at available monitoring sites for the same time period and same geographic focus areas. Based on the monitors differences in Wednesday and Sunday means, PM nitrate showed almost negligible weekend decline, despite large NO and NOx declines.
Lawson, D. R.; Eberhardt, J. J.
Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model With Mappings to ACE Requirements for the General Availability User Environment Capabilities Release Version 1.1
Cielo is a massively parallel supercomputer funded by the DOE/NNSA Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program, and operated by the Alliance for Computing at Extreme Scale (ACES), a partnership between Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The primary Cielo compute platform is physically located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model documents the capabilities and the environment to be provided for the Q1 FY12 Level 2 Cielo Capability Computing (CCC) Platform Production Readiness Milestone. This document describes specific capabilities, tools, and procedures to support both local and remote users. The model is focused on the needs of the ASC user working in the secure computing environments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory, or Sandia National Laboratories, but also addresses the needs of users working in the unclassified environment. The Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model maps the provided capabilities to the tri-Lab ASC Computing Environment (ACE) Version 8.0 requirements. The ACE requirements reflect the high performance computing requirements for the Production Readiness Milestone user environment capabilities of the ASC community. A description of ACE requirements met, and those requirements that are not met, are included in each section of this document. The Cielo Computing Environment, along with the ACE mappings, has been issued and reviewed throughout the tri-Lab community.
Vigil,Benny Manuel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ballance, Robert [SNL; Haskell, Karen [SNL
Variability of Battery Wear in Light Duty Plug-In Electric Vehicles Subject to Ambient Temperature, Battery Size, and Consumer Usage: Preprint
Battery wear in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is a complex function of ambient temperature, battery size, and disparate usage. Simulations capturing varying ambient temperature profiles, battery sizes, and driving patterns are of great value to battery and vehicle manufacturers. A predictive battery wear model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory captures the effects of multiple cycling and storage conditions in a representative lithium chemistry. The sensitivity of battery wear rates to ambient conditions, maximum allowable depth-of-discharge, and vehicle miles travelled is explored for two midsize vehicles: a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with a nominal range of 75 mi (121 km) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with a nominal charge-depleting range of 40 mi (64 km). Driving distance distributions represent the variability of vehicle use, both vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day. Battery wear over an 8-year period was dominated by ambient conditions for the BEV with capacity fade ranging from 19% to 32% while the PHEV was most sensitive to maximum allowable depth-of-discharge with capacity fade ranging from 16% to 24%. The BEV and PHEV were comparable in terms of petroleum displacement potential after 8 years of service, due to the BEV?s limited utility for accomplishing long trips.
Wood, E.; Neubauer, J.; Brooker, A. D.; Gonder, J.; Smith, K. A.
Office of Inspector General audit report on credit card usage at the Ohio Field Office and the Fernald and Miamisburg Environmental Management Projects
In 1994 the Department of Energy (Department) obtained the services of Rocky Mountain BankCard System, through the use of a General Services Administration contract, as a means for the Department and its contractors to make small purchases. The use of credit cards was expected to simplify small purchase procedures and improve cash management. The Ohio Field Office (Field Office) uses the credit card system and oversees usage by its area offices. Contractors under the Field Office also use the credit card system to make small purchases. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) has issued one audit report concerning the use of credit cards. In April 1996, the OIG issued Report WR-B-96-06, Audit of Bonneville Power Administration`s Management of Information Resources. The audit concluded that improvements could be made in implementing credit card and property procedures in Bonneville`s management of computer-related equipment. Specifically, many credit card purchases were made by employees whose authority to buy was not properly documented, and the purchasing files often lacked invoices that would show what was purchased. Additionally, some cardholders split purchases to avoid credit card limits. The objective of this audit was to determine whether the Field Office, Fernald and Miamisburg Environmental Management Projects, Fluor Daniel, and B and W were using credit cards for the appropriate purposes and within the limitations established by Federal and Departmental regulations.
How Much Can a Campus Save on Utility Bills by Turning a 5-Workday Week Into a 4�Workday Week
The recent budget cuts campaign mandated by the governor's office had all state agencies in Texas looking for ways to reduce revenue spending. One of the cost savings opportunities perceived by many university officials is to convert a typical 5-workday week into a 4- workday week (e.g., Monday to Thursday) with 10 working hours each day during the universities summer session. The potential savings come from the fact that the universities can be partially shut down during the prolonged weekends (Friday to Sunday). It is believed that the savings from partially shutting down an extra workday is much more significant than the marginal energy increase caused by the extended working hours during workdays. This paper analyzes the potential energy cost savings of this approach for three real cases. The savings can be largely estimated by comparing whole-campus electricity consumptions between typical weekdays and weekends (or holidays). Energy overheads caused by the extended working hours (two more hours per working day) were also estimated. A limited shutdown scenario (similar to a typical weekend schedule) and a more aggressive shutdown scenario (similar to a typical holiday schedule) during the weekend periods are presented. The potential savings opportunities were from 0.32% to 1.53% of the annual electricity bills for different universities.
Zhou, J.; Giebler, T.; Wei, G.; Turner, W. D.
Emission difference between natural gas usage and digester gas usage.
??M.S. It is important to burn the air toxics and harmful gases which come from water and wastewater treatment processes. In common practice, instead of� (more)
Ghorbanian, Mahyar, 1986-
The Weekend Effect: the scienceThe Weekend Effect: the science suggests that we are embarking onsuggests that we are embarking on
utilizing all of the known techniques for NOx reduction. To be precise, the NOx formed within the flame] and several others [6, 7] have suggested certain reduction methods which are consistent with NOx formation, not solid waste. The results of NOx reduction techniques in coal combustion should be applied with caution
Denver, University of
Residential Energy Usage Comparison: Findings
The load shapes of major residential electric and gas appliances were compared in an integrated load and market research project in southern California. The energy consumption data provide a benchmark for comparing the costs of alternative technologies; the market research data relate customer attitudes with appliance load shapes.
Specifying and checking component usage
One of today's challenges is producing reliable software in the face of an increasing number of interacting components. Our system CHET lets developers define specifications describing how a component should be used and checks these specifications in ... Keywords: automata, components, finite-state, flow analysis, specifications, verification
Steven P. Reiss
Development of a commercial-sector data base and forecasting model for electricity usage and demand. Volume I. Preliminary model specification. [Description of subprograms BEHAV, DEMAND, ECON, ENER, and INGEN
This is the first of twelve major technical reports under the Commission's contract with Hittman Associates. The contract will lead to the development of a data base on commercial space, and the development of a model to forecast electricity usage and demand. This report presents a preliminary specification of the model to be developed. The model being developed combines econometric and engineering approaches, and consists of five subprograms and an overall executing program. The first subprogram forecasts the stock of commercial space, based on employment data and other economic inputs. It also distinguishes among various types of commercial space, and breaks the commercial space into segments according to fuels for various end uses, such as heating, cooling, etc. The second subprogram uses detailed building-survey data to specify a typical, or characteristic building for each unique type of floorspace considered in the study. The third subprogram calculates monthly electricity usage for the typical buildings specified, using standard engineering techniques, and then scales up the electricity use for each building type according to the amount of space, of that type, in the entire building stock. The fourth subprogram performs a similar function, but produces hourly electricity demands, rather than monthly electricity usage. The fifth, and final subprogram adjusts the energy usage and demand values calculated to simulate the impact of certain economic conditions or policy measures. The report presents a flow chart for each subprogram, and a table of inputs and outputs required for each. The logic, structure, flow, and information transfer of each is described.
Hym Prius Commercial-use Ch and Dr All 2009.xlsx
Commercial-use Commercial-use Charging rate: Level 1 Number of vehicles: Charge control: Uncontrolled Date range: Jan - Dec 2009 Battery Capacity: 5 kWh Weekday Weekend Number of trips Total distance driven (mi) Number of charging events Charging energy consumed (AC kWh) Charge depleting (CD) distance driven (mi) Percent of total distance Charge sustaining (CS) distance driven (mi) Percent of total distance Driving segments between charging events 1 153 32,253 3,478 179,351 15,767 61,134 5,309 575,891 58,893 12,902 1,461 Overall 66,443 634,784 14,363 35,731 195,118 31% 439,667 69% 31% 27% 396,540 43,127 69% 73% Vehicle Technologies Program 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 Weekday Weekend Distance traveled (mi) Distance Traveled by Operating Mode CS CD 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% f total distance driven driving segment
Hym Prius Personal-use Ch and Dr 9-2008 to 3-2010.xlsx
Personal-use Personal-use Charging rate: Level 1 Number of households: Charge control: Uncontrolled Date range: Sep 2008 - Mar 2010 Battery Capacity: 5 kWh Weekday Weekend Number of trips Total distance driven (mi) Number of charging events Charging energy consumed (AC kWh) Charge depleting (CD) distance driven (mi) Percent of total distance Charge sustaining (CS) distance driven (mi) Percent of total distance Driving segments between charging events 1 67 1,285 373 7,596 1,828 1,735 510 14,142 5,026 401 130 Overall 2,245 531 1,659 19,168 9,425 49% 9,743 51% 54% 36% 6,545 3,198 46% 64% Vehicle Technologies Program 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 Weekday Weekend Distance traveled (mi) Distance Traveled by Operating Mode CS CD 0% 20% 40% 60% f total distance driven driving segment bin Miles-weighted Distribution of Distance
Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability: A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States
ES 2. CA nursing home electricity pattern: July weekday lowJanuary and July weekday electricity and total heat (space +CA school weekday total electricity (inclusive of cooling)
Stadler, Michael
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Influence of CO Conversion on Selectivities H2/CO Usage Ratios and Catalyst Stability for a 0.27 percent Ru 25 percent Co/Al2O3 using a Slurry Phase Reactor
The effect of CO conversion on hydrocarbon selectivities (i.e., CH{sub 4}, C{sub 5+}, olefin and paraffin), H{sub 2}/CO usage ratios, CO{sub 2} selectivity, and catalyst stability over a wide range of CO conversion (12-94%) on 0.27%Ru-25%Co/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was studied under the conditions of 220 C, 1.5 MPa, H{sub 2}/CO feed ratio of 2.1 and gas space velocities of 0.3-15 NL/g-cat/h in a 1-L continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Catalyst samples were withdrawn from the CSTR at different CO conversion levels, and Co phases (Co, CoO) in the slurry samples were characterized by XANES, and in the case of the fresh catalysts, EXAFS as well. Ru was responsible for increasing the extent of Co reduction, thus boosting the active site density. At 1%Ru loading, EXAFS indicates that coordination of Ru at the atomic level was virtually solely with Co. It was found that the selectivities to CH{sub 4}, C{sub 5+}, and CO{sub 2} on the Co catalyst are functions of CO conversion. At high CO conversions, i.e. above 80%, CH{sub 4} selectivity experienced a change in the trend, and began to increase, and CO{sub 2} selectivity experienced a rapid increase. H{sub 2}/CO usage ratio and olefin content were found to decrease with increasing CO conversion in the range of 12-94%. The observed results are consistent with water reoxidation of Co during FTS at high conversion. XANES spectroscopy of used catalyst samples displayed spectra consistent with the presence of more CoO at higher CO conversion levels.
W Ma; G Jacobs; Y Ji; T Bhatelia; D Bukur; S Khalid; B Davis
BNL | Center for Functional Nanomaterials Hours of Operation
CFN Hours of Operation CFN Hours of Operation Normal working hours at the CFN are 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Working Outside of Normal Hours CFN scientific and technical personnel, as well as external users, may need to work outside of normal operating hours, during which time support is limited and many colleagues may not be around. Therefore, working outside the 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. envelope on weekdays, or anytime on weekends and holidays, requires special precautions, especially if working in a laboratory. CFN users are expected to work at the CFN during normal working hours. Users with extensive experience working at the CFN may be granted permission by the appropriate facility leader and ES&H Coordinator to work after hours. Users first must complete the Request to Work After-Hours at
Here Comes the Sun: Solar Decathlon Opens To Public Today | Department of
Here Comes the Sun: Solar Decathlon Opens To Public Today Here Comes the Sun: Solar Decathlon Opens To Public Today Here Comes the Sun: Solar Decathlon Opens To Public Today September 23, 2011 - 12:53pm Addthis At the National Mall's West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C., a new type of neighborhood has taken shape. The solar village is on full display with highly-efficient, solar-powered homes on every block. Erin R. Pierce Erin R. Pierce Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs How can I participate? The Solar Decathlon houses and surrounding solar village are open to the public, free of charge today, Sep. 23 through Sunday, Oct. 2, 2011. Weekday hours: 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Weekend hours: 10 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Solar Decathlon 2011 opens to the public today. The award-winning program challenges student teams from around the world to design, build, and
Scoping Study for Demand Respose DFT II Project in Morgantown, WV
This scoping study describes the underlying data resources and an analysis tool for a demand response assessment specifically tailored toward the needs of the Modern Grid Initiatives Demonstration Field Test in Phase II in Morgantown, WV. To develop demand response strategies as part of more general distribution automation, automated islanding and feeder reconfiguration schemes, an assessment of the demand response resource potential is required. This report provides the data for the resource assessment for residential customers and describes a tool that allows the analyst to estimate demand response in kW for each hour of the day, by end-use, season, day type (weekday versus weekend) with specific saturation rates of residential appliances valid for the Morgantown, WV area.
Lu, Shuai; Kintner-Meyer, Michael CW
NSLS User Access | Training
Training Training Training for New Users and Users with Expired Training and/or Badges: All new users and users with expired badges must complete or update the training modules shown below prior to access to the experimental floor. The training can be completed online prior to arrival at the NSLS and is strongly recommended to save considerable time during check-in at the Guest, User, Visitor (GUV) Center in Building 400. Please note each training module is followed by an exam which asks for your name and guest number. If you do not already have a guest number, leave this entry blank. All new users and users with expired badges MUST arrive on a weekday (no weekends or holidays) and check in at the GUV Center so that your training can be verified and to receive a photo ID badge (new or updated). The GUV
Federal Acquisition Regulation Clause Usage Guide
A A NA NA R NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A A NA NA R NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Alternate I A A NA NA R NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-11 Liquidated Damages-Supplies, Services, or Research and Development. A A A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-12 Liquidated Damages-Construction. NA NA NA NA A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-13 Time Extensions. NA NA NA NA A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-14 Notice of Priority Rating for National Defense, Emergency Preparedness, and Energy Program Use. A A A A A A A A NA A A A A 52.211-15 Defense Priority and Allocation Requirements. A A A A A A A A NA A A A A 52.211-16 Variation in R R NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Provision or Clause (Click on clause number to see its text and prescription FP Sup. CR Sup. FP Serv. Cost Serv. FP Cons. Cost
Examining Long-Term Vehicular Materials Usage
Jun 30, 2008 ... Topic Title: The Role of Materials in Sustainable Mobility - Examining ... 2004 conference in New Orleans, Louisiana in September 2004.
Predicting Energy Usage in a Supermarket
Very little is known about the energy using systems in commercial and retail stores, which consume 24.8% of the energy used by all commercial buildings. This paper describes development of a change-point regression model for predicting the hourly and daily electrical use of a supermarket. Operational improvements already identified with the model can save the store over 4% of their electricity cost annually. Further analysis is expected to save the store additional energy costs.
Schrock, D. W.; Claridge, D. E.
NA NA NA NA A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Alternate I NA NA NA NA A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-11 Liquidated Damages-Supplies, Services, or Research and Development. A A A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-12 Liquidated Damages-Construction. NA NA NA NA A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-13 Time Extensions. NA NA NA NA A A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52.211-14 Notice of Priority Rating for National Defense, Emergency Preparedness, and Energy Program Use. A A A A A A A A NA A A A A 52.211-15 Defense Priority and Allocation Requirements. A A A A A A A A NA A A A A 52.211-16 Variation in R R NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Provision or Clause (Click on clause number to see its text and prescription FP Sup. CR Sup. FP Serv. Cost Serv. FP Cons.
Household Fuel Oil or Kerosene Usage Form
Contractor�s Street Address . Contractor�s City, State, and ZIP Code . ... is a light distillate fuel oil intended for use in vaporizing pot-type burners.
Ethanol Production for Automotive Fuel Usage
The conceptual design of the 20 million gallon per year anhydrous ethanol facility a t Raft River has been completed. The corresponding geothermal gathering, extraction and reinjection systems to supply the process heating requirement were also completed. The ethanol facility operating on sugar beets, potatoes and wheat will share common fermentation and product recovery equipment. The geothermal fluid requirement will be approximately 6,000 gpm. It is anticipated that this flow will be supplied by 9 supply wells spaced at no closer than 1/4 mile in order to prevent mutual interferences. The geothermal fluid will be flashed in three stages to supply process steam at 250 F, 225 F and 205 F for various process needs. Steam condensate plus liquid remaining after the third flash will all be reinjected through 9 reinjection wells. The capital cost estimated for this ethanol plant employing all three feedstocks is $64 million. If only a single feedstock were used (for the same 20 mm gal/yr plant) the capital costs are estimated at $51.6 million, $43.1 million and $40. 5 million for sugar beets, potatoes and wheat respectively. The estimated capital cost for the geothermal system is $18 million.
Lindemuth, T.E.; Stenzel, R.A.; Yim, Y.J.; Yu, J.
Submetering of Building Energy and Water Usage
... 22 4.1.4 Natural Gas and Steam Submetering . . . ... 2. DOE/EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2010, http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/demand.html. Page 15. ...
Tor HTTP usage and information leakage
This paper analyzes the web browsing behaviour of Tor users. By collecting HTTP requests we show which websites are of interest to Tor users and we determined an upper bound on how vulnerable Tor users are to sophisticated de-anonymization attacks: up ... Keywords: information leakage, privacy, tor
Markus Huber; Martin Mulazzani; Edgar Weippl
Quantifying Water Impacts of Buildings' Energy Usage
... Irrigation-Livestock 83.3% Thermoelectric Power 3.4% Page 7. ... Hydro. Water consumed upstream may not make it through turbines downstream. ...
Electrical Usage Characterization of Semiconductor Processing Tools
This paper presents the basic concepts in performing an energy and power audit of a semiconductor process tool. A protocol exists that fully describes these measurements and their use and applicability and it will be described. This protocol is currently being examined by SEMATECH for future publication. Example data will be presented showing the power, energy,
and current load profiles of a typical tool.
Hinson, S. R.
Efficient Energy Usage in Butane Splitters
A World surplus of mixed butanes coupled with an increased need for gasoline extenders has raised the demand for isobutane. Isobutane is readily separated from an admixture with normal butane by conventional distillation techniques. However, application of the heat pump principle to this separation can reduce energy consumption by over 50%, though capital costs increase. The conventional fractionation scheme is compared to two different methods of applying the heat pump principle; overhead compression and bottoms flash compression. For both heat pump designs, payout time is less than one year for a Middle East location, based upon a detailed study of an actual case.
Barnwell, J.; Morris, C. P.
Predicting and Controlling Resource Usage in a ...
... To lower resource comsumption by AVNMP, we can consider application of the Minimum Data Length (MDL) [8] estimate for Kolmogorov ...
START Alaska Historical Energy Usage Spreadsheet
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Communities applying for the DOE Office of Indian Energy Strategic Technical Assistance Response Team (START) Initiative for Community Energy Planning and Projects Round Two are asked to download...
Woodpower: new perspectives on forest usage
A collection of 21 papers resulting from discussions at the International Science and Technology Institute, Washington, DC. is included.
Talbot, J.J.; Swanson, W. (eds.)
Efficient XML usage within wireless sensor networks
Integrating wireless sensor networks in heterogeneous networks is a complex task. A reason is the absence of a standardized data exchange format that is supported in all participating sub networks. XML has evolved to the de facto standard data exchange ... Keywords: XML, database management, programming language, wireless sensor networks
Nils Hoeller; Christoph Reinke; Jana Neumann; Sven Groppe; Daniel Boeckmann; Volker Linnemann
to see its text and to see its text and prescription FP Sup . CR Sup. FP Serv . Cos t Ser v. FP Cons . Cost Con s. T&M . L.H. F P A- E Cos t A-E Com. Item s. M& O Other Fac. Mgmt . SAP 52.202-1 Definitions. R R R R R R R R R R R NA 52.203-2 Certificate of Independent Price Determination. R NA R NA R NA NA R NA R NA NA NA 52.203-3 Gratuities. R R R R R R R R R R R R NA 52.203-5 Covenant Against Contingent Fees. R R R R R R R R R R R R NA 52.203-6 Restrictions on Subcontractor Sales to the Government. R R R R NA NA R N A NA R R R NA Alternate I NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N A NA R NA NA NA 52.203-7 Anti-Kickback Procedures. R R R R R R R R R NA R R NA 52.203-8 Cancellation, Rescission, and Recovery of Funds for Illegal or Improper Activity. R R R R R R R R R NA R R R
Integrated estimation of commercial sector end-use load shapes and energy use intensities in the PG&E service area
This project represents a unique research effort to address the commercial sector end-use energy forecasting data needs of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and the California Energy Commission (CEC). The object of the project was to develop an updated set of commercial sector end-use energy use intensity (EUI) data that has been fully reconciled with measured data. The research was conducted in two stages. First, we developed reconciled electricity end-use EUIs and load shapes for each of the 11 building types in the inland and coastal regions of the PG&E service territory using information collected in 1986. Second, we developed procedures to translate these results into a consistent set of commercial sector forecasting model inputs recognizing the separate modeling conventions used by PG&E and CEC. EUIs have been developed for: II commercial building types; up to 10 end uses; up to 3 fuel types; 2 and 5 subservice territory forecasting regions (as specified by the PG&E and CEC forecasting models, respectively); and up to 2 distinct vintages corresponding to the period prior to and immediately following the adoption of the first generation of California building and equipment standards. For the electricity end uses, 36 sets of daily load shapes have been developed representing average weekday, average weekend, and peak weekday electricity use for each month of the year by building type for both the inland and coastal climate zones.
Akbari, H.; Eto, J.; Konopacki, S.; Afzal, A.; Heinemeier, K.; Rainer, L.
Fast-track urban freeway rehabilitation with 55-h weekend closures: I-710 long beach case study
OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT � ASCE / MAY 2006must be ?led with the ASCE Managing Editor. The manuscript132, No. 5, May 1, 2006. �ASCE, ISSN 0733-9364/ decreased
Lee, E B; Lee, H; Harvey, J T
b. Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, b. Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, Percent of U.S. Households, 1997 Usage Indicators RSE Column Factor: Total Four Most Populated States RSE Row Factors New York California Texas Florida 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 Total .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 Weekday Home Activities Home Used for Business Yes ............................................................ 7.2 7.4 7.5 6.0 6.4 13.5 No .............................................................. 92.8 92.6 92.5 94.0 93.6 2.2 Energy-Intensive Activity Yes ............................................................ 2.4 Q 3.2 2.1 Q 26.0 No .............................................................. 97.6 98.3 96.8 97.9 97.1 1.5
Exploring iPhone usage: the influence of socioeconomic differences on smartphone adoption, usage and usability
Previous studies have found that smartphone users differ by orders of magnitude. We explore this variability to understand how users install and use native applications in ecologically-valid environments. A quasi-experimental approach is applied to compare ... Keywords: applications, diversity, iphone, mobile, ses, smartphones, socioeconomic status, user study
Ahmad Rahmati; Chad Tossell; Clayton Shepard; Philip Kortum; Lin Zhong
SUSHI: Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative: The Next Step in Standardized Automation of Usage
This is a brief news item describing the session presented at the Special Libraries Association 2008 annual conference.
Buxton, Karen A.
Black Carbon Concentrations and Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors Derived from Coefficient of Haze Measurements in California: 1967-2003
We have derived ambient black carbon (BC) concentrations and estimated emission factors for on-road diesel vehicles from archived Coefficient of Haze (COH) data that was routinely collected beginning in 1967 at 11 locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. COH values are a measure of the attenuation of light by particles collected on a white filter, and available data indicate they are proportional to BC concentrations measured using the conventional aethalometer. Monthly averaged BC concentrations are up to five times greater in winter than summer, and, consequently, so is the population?s exposure to BC. The seasonal cycle in BC concentrations is similar for all Bay Area sites, most likely due to area-wide decreased pollutant dispersion during wintertime. A strong weekly cycle is also evident, with weekend concentrations significantly lower than weekday concentrations, consistent with decreased diesel traffic volume on weekends. The weekly cycle suggests that, in the Bay Area, diesel vehicle emissions are the dominant source of BC aerosol. Despite the continuous increase in diesel fuel consumption in California, annual Bay Area average BC concentrations decreased by a factor of ~;;3 from the late 1960s to the early 2000s. Based on estimated annual BC concentrations, on-road diesel fuel consumption, and recent measurements of on-road diesel vehicle BC emissions, diesel BC emission factors decreased by an order of magnitude over the study period. Reductions in the BC emission factor reflect improved engine technology, emission controls and changes in diesel fuel composition. A new BC monitoring network is needed to continue tracking ambient BC trends because the network of COH monitors has recently been retired.
Tast, CynthiaL; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Aguiar, Jeffery; Tonse, Shaheen; Novakov, T.; Fairley, David
Black Carbon Concentrations and Diesel Vehicle Emission FactorsDerived from Coefficient of Haze Measurements in California:1967-2003
We have derived ambient black carbon (BC) concentrations and estimated emission factors for on-road diesel vehicles from archived Coefficient of Haze (COH) data that was routinely collected beginning in 1967 at 11 locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. COH values are a measure of the attenuation of light by particles collected on a white filter, and available data indicate they are proportional to BC concentrations measured using the conventional aethalometer. Monthly averaged BC concentrations are up to five times greater in winter than summer, and, consequently, so is the population's exposure to BC. The seasonal cycle in BC concentrations is similar for all Bay Area sites, most likely due to area-wide decreased pollutant dispersion during wintertime. A strong weekly cycle is also evident, with weekend concentrations significantly lower than weekday concentrations, consistent with decreased diesel traffic volume on weekends. The weekly cycle suggests that, in the Bay Area, diesel vehicle emissions are the dominant source of BC aerosol. Despite the continuous increase in diesel fuel consumption in California, annual Bay Area average BC concentrations decreased by a factor of {approx}3 from the late 1960s to the early 2000s. Based on estimated annual BC concentrations, on-road diesel fuel consumption, and recent measurements of on-road diesel vehicle BC emissions, diesel BC emission factors decreased by an order of magnitude over the study period. Reductions in the BC emission factor reflect improved engine technology, emission controls and changes in diesel fuel composition. A new BC monitoring network is needed to continue tracking ambient BC trends because the network of COH monitors has recently been retired.
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Aguiar, Jeffery; Tonse, Shaheen; Novakov, T.
Simultaneous usage of NEMO and MANET for vehicular communication
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) routing protocols and NEMO Basic Support are considered key technologies for vehicle networks. Cooperation between MANET and NEMO (MANEMO) brings several benefits especially for route optimization and multihoming. We made ... Keywords: MANEMO, MANET, NEMO basic support, multihoming, vehicular network
Manabu Tsukada; Olivier Mehani; Thierry Ernst
Usage of Near Real-Time Climate Information
Through a computer-based system, weather data from Illinois are collected daily, checked, and summarized into various climatic products within hours after collection. This system was controlled for two years to demonstrate system feasibility, ...
Stanley A. Changnon Jr.; Wayne M. Wendland; John L. Vogel
Describing Next Generation Communication Services: A Usage Perspective
Telecom services are usually described from an applicative perspective. Service providers should yet describe formally what their services do for their users, in order to adapt them to user's needs and to compose them. We propose here a framework to ...
Emmanuel Bertin; Noel Crespi
Artificial neural network in gaseous emissions prediction with bioreactor usage
The artificial neural network is used more and more often for prediction of processes related with the biowaste management. In this area, composting is one of the most important process of biowaste recycling. However, the gaseous emissions from the composted ... Keywords: composting, data acquisition, emissions, multilayer perceptron, neural modeling, prediction
Piotr Boniecki; Jacek Dach; Krzysztof Pilarski; Aleksander J?dru?; Krzysztof Nowakowski; Hanna Piekarska-Boniecka; Jacek Przyby?
Alternate energy source usage for in situ heat treatment processes
Systems, methods, and heaters for treating a subsurface formation are described herein. At least one system for providing power to one or more subsurface heaters is described herein. The system may include an intermittent power source; a transformer coupled to the intermittent power source, and a tap controller coupled to the transformer. The transformer may be configured to transform power from the intermittent power source to power with appropriate operating parameters for the heaters. The tap controller may be configured to monitor and control the transformer so that a constant voltage is provided to the heaters from the transformer regardless of the load of the heaters and the power output provided by the intermittent power source.
Stone, Jr., Francis Marion (Cut-N-Shoot, TX); Goodwin, Charles R. (League City, TX); Richard, Jr., James (Kingwood, TX)
Energy Conservation Through Water Usage Reduction in the Semiconductor Industry
The semiconductor industry uses large amounts of Ultrapure Water (UPW) in the wafer fabrication process. Producing UPW involves energy-intensive operations, such as membrane separations, ultraviolet lamps, and continuous pumping and recirculation systems. Indirect energy costs can also be allocated to steps in the UPW process. Motorola recognizes that by reducing UPW consumption, energy savings will result. Energy conservation can also be achieved by improving the UPW generation process itself and by recycling or reclaiming UPW and other water streams.
Mendicino, L.; McCormack, K.; Gibson, S.; Patton, B.; Lyon, D.; Covington, J.
Tools Listed Alphabetically Tools by Platform Tools by Country Australia Austria Belarus Belgium Brazil Canada Chile China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany India...
Table H7: Natural Gas Usage for Large Hospitals
Author: Joelle Davis Last modified by: KJO Created Date: 11/30/2001 7:57:29 PM Company: DOE/EIA Other titles: Data for Table H7 RSEs for Table H7 'Data for Table H7 ...
Usage Of Polyacetal Powders As Laser Ablation Propulsion Propellants
We examined impulse characteristics of polyoxymeythylene (POM) powders under irradiation by a TEA (Transversely-Excited at Atmospheric pressure)CO{sub 2} laser pulse. The impulse performance exhibited large scatter due to splashing particles. When the powder was hydraulically compacted to form a disk, the momentum coupling coefficient became comparable with that for bulk material, but the mass consumption was increased by several times.
Sasoh, Akihiro; Ogita, Naoya [Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Sinko, John E. [Micro-Nano Global Center of Excellence, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)
Bayesian modelling of colour's usage impact to web credibility
Colour plays an important role in web site design. The selection of effective chromatic combinations and the relation of colour to the perceived aesthetic and emotional value of a web site is the focus of this paper. The subject of the reported research ...
Eleftherios Papachristos; Nikolaos Tselios; Nikolaos Avouris
EPRI/IWC 2013 - EV Project Charging Infrastructure Usage and...
Experience and General Data Collection Methods 3 Idaho National Laboratory Bio mass Nuclear Hydropower Wind * U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory * 890 square mile...
GITT 2013 - EV Project Charging Infrastructure Usage and Other...
Challenges and Opportunities Relative to Increased Usage of
7. 2005 Global Human-Activity Energy Flows. Hydro. 10. Geothermal. 2.5. Wind. 0.22. Solar. 0.02. Coal. 110. Natural Gas. 107. Residential. 50. Vehicle 39.
A framework for information system usage in collaborative care
Clinical information systems (CIS) can affect the quality of patient care. In this paper, we focus on CIS use in the collaborative treatment of chronic diseases. We have developed a framework to determine which CIS functions have general usefulness for ... Keywords: Collaboration, Cooperative behavior [MeSH], Information systems [MeSH], Interdisciplinary communication [MeSH], Organizational models [MeSH
David A. Dorr; Spencer S. Jones; Adam Wilcox
Motor voltage high harmonics influence to efficient energy usage
Analysis of the effect of non-sinusoidal voltages on the three-phase induction motor is presented in the paper. When the induction motors are supplied by a rectangular shape of the voltage inverter with high levels of harmonic voltage (Uh,i ... Keywords: energy efficiency, harmonics, induction motor, non-sinusoidal voltage, power losses
Miloje M. Kostic; Branka B. Kostic
Motor voltage asymmetry influence to the efficient energy usage
Analysis of the effect of unbalanced voltages on the three-phase induction motor is presented in the paper. Since the unbalanced voltage of 2%, 3.5% and 5% increase in losses could reach, in the same order, the amount of 8%, 25% and 50% of nominal power ... Keywords: asymetry, energy efficiency, induction motor, power losses, standard
Miloje Kostic; Aleksandar Nikolic
Time-compression: systems concerns, usage, and benefits
With the proliferation of online multimedia content and the popularity of multimedia streaming systems, it is increasingly useful to be able to skim and browse multimedia quickly. A key technique that enables quick browsing of multimedia is time-compression. ... Keywords: compression granularity, compression rate, latency, multimedia, time-compression, video browsing
Nosa Omoigui; Liwei He; Anoop Gupta; Jonathan Grudin; Elizabeth Sanocki
The Locational Determinants of Internet Usage in Asia and Nepal.
??This study examines the relationship between internet development and various socio- economic factors that are assumed to affect internet infrastructure development decision. The data collected� (more)
Chand, Smriti
The Power to Change: Sustainable Electricity Usage in
) Light Bulb Exchange program: replaces inefficient incandescent bulbs with integrated compact fluorescent Lighting Project - The UHC (University Housing Council) and the CCSC (Columbia College Student Council bulbs Watt and Woodbridge residence halls Bulbs - 15X longer, save $38,000 in energy cost and 446
Colorado at Boulder, University of
Learning policies for battery usage optimization in electric vehicles
The high cost, limited capacity, and long recharge time of batteries pose a number of obstacles for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Multi-battery systems that combine a standard battery with supercapacitors are currently one of the most ...
Stefano Ermon; Yexiang Xue; Carla Gomes; Bart Selman
N ordre 2012ISAL0052 Anne 2012 Fabrication et usage
. .................................................42 2. Changements et dérèglements climatiques, héritage d'un mode de vie. ........................44... ........................................................................................44 2.1.1. Le PRG et la transposition en équivalent CO2..................................................................................................109 4.4. Des conséquences prévisibles sur la facture des ménages
Household Electricity Usage Form - U.S. Energy Information ...
2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Sponsored by the Energy Information Administration . U.S. Department of Energy . Washington, DC 20585 . Form EIA-457E ...
Experience with Production Scale Usage of Optifine � A High ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Cast Shop for Aluminum Production. Presentation Title, Experience with�...
Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns
; thus, it includes loads served by self-generation. System peak load is measured at the power plant-use. We examine the growth in electricity demand between 1980 and 2000, as well as the composition in California in the 1990s did not grow explosively, nor was the amount of growth unanticipated. In both
Reduction of Utility Usage in a Glyphosate Intermediate (GI) Unit
In 1991, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) introduced �Eco- Efficiency� as a management strategy to link financial and environmental performance to create more value with less ecological impact. Based on this strategy, CETAC-WEST (Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Corporation - West), in mid-2000, introduced a practical approach to eco-efficiency to Western Canada's upstream oil and gas sector. The CETAC-WEST Eco-Efficiency Program, focused primarily on sour gas processing facilities, has developed methods and programs to identify opportunities for energy conservation and GHG reductions. The program outlined in this paper consists of four interrelated phases that are used to identify and track efficiency opportunities as well as promote the use of energy efficient methodologies and technologies. If, as program results suggest, 15% to 20% of the gas that is now consumed at by plant operations can be saved through efficiencies, it would save $500 to $700 million worth of gas for sale on the market. Although this small Pilot Program in the gas processing sector has surfaced major opportunities, there are significantly greater opportunities in other sectors with high GHG emissions intensity, such as sweet gas processing, conventional oil, heavy oil and oil sands. Capturing these opportunities will require a carefully considered strategy. This strategy should include, in addition to commitments for expanding the scope of the current Program, sustained leadership by industry champions and by governments - all aimed at changing the operating mode and improving the culture in the oil and gas industry.
Sander, M. L.
Economics and policy implications of industrial fuel usage
The nation's use of wood as fuel is put into perspective, recognizing constraints imposed by governmental initiatives and actions. The forest product industry, and its use of wood for energy, is surveyed. The effect of PURPA on this industry, the nation's leader in cogeneration, is discussed. Proposed energy taxes would reverse recent trends in energy conservation. Low sulphur content frees wood and its residues from environmental legislation. Federal funding is needed to determine the extent of the economically accessible fuel wood. The proposed deregulation of natural gas will affect wood use adversely.
Slinn, D.J.
Table H5: Major Fuels Usage for Large Hospitals
District Chilled Water ..... Propane ..... More than 7,000 HDD ..... 5,500-7,000 HDD ..... 4,000-5,499 HDD ..... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ..... ...
Wireline system for multiple direct push tool usage - Energy ...
A tool latching and retrieval system allows the deployment and retrieval of a variety of direct push subsurface characterization tools through an ...
Usage Of New Activation Function In Neuro-Symbolic Integration
New activation function is examined for its ability to accelerate the performance of doing logic programming in Hopfield network. This method has a higher capacity and upgrades the neuro symbolic integration. Computer simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the new activation function. Empirical results obtained support our theory.
Sathasivam, Saratha [School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang (Malaysia)
Positive selection for unpreferred codon usage in eukaryotic genomes
Background: Natural selection has traditionally been understood as a force responsible for pushing genes to states of higher translational efficiency, whereas lower translational efficiency has been explained by neutral ...
Neafsey, Daniel E.
Mining Query Logs: Turning Search Usage Data into Knowledge
Web search engines have stored in their logs information about users since they started to operate. This information often serves many purposes. The primary focus of this survey is on introducing to the discipline of query mining by showing its foundations ...
Fabrizio Silvestri
A Combined Model for Determining Capacity Usage and Battery Size...
More Search Research & Development Batteries and Fuel Cells Li-Ion and Other Advanced Battery Technologies Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs...
Reducing fuel usage through applications of conservation and solar energy
Solar thermal technology, coupled with aggressive conservation measures, offers the prospect of greatly reducing the dependence of industry on oil and natural gas. The near-term market for solar technology is largely in industrial processes operating at temperatures below 288/sup 0/C (550/sup 0/F). Such process heat can be supplied by the relatively unsophisticated solar equipment available today. The number and diversity of industrial plants using process heat at this temperature allows favorable matches between solar technologies and industrial processes. The problems involved with the installation and maintenance of conservation and solar equipment are similar. Both compete for scarce investment capital, and each complicates industrial operations and increases maintenance requirements. Technological innovations requiring new types of equipment and reducing the temperature requirements of industrial processes favor the introduction of solar hardware. The industrial case studies program at the Solar Energy Research Institute has examined technical, economic, and other problems facing the near-term application of solar thermal technology to provide industrial process heat. The plant engineer is in the front line of any measure to reduce energy consumption or to supplement existing fuel supplies. The conditions most favorable to the integration of solar technology are presented and illustrated with examples from actual industrial plants.
May, E. K.; Hooker, D. W.
Query Suggestions for Mobile Search: Understanding Usage Patterns
Inc 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA email@example.com ABSTRACT Entering search terms that users who were asked to enter queries on a search interface with query suggestions rated their workload heavily on suggestions if they are provided. Users who were asked to enter queries on a search interface
Cortes, Corinna
Job Accessibility and Welfare Usage: Evidence from Los Angeles
to Single Mothers after AFDC? Focus 17(2), pp. 13-15.1995), Locational Effects on AFDC Spells: Examining Localwith Dependent Children (AFDC) was designed originally as an
Ong, Paul M.; Blumenberg, Evelyn
Transit usage and urban form : lessons for transit reliant neighborhoods
Cities are all about people and places. Travel occurs because people want to get to places - places of work, places of residence, places of shopping and so on. Hence, it is people and places that are more important, not ...
Mathema, Kiran B. (Kiran Bhakta), 1970-
Quality and Usage of Biogas Digesters in Uganda.
?? Global concerns of climate change, increased greenhouse gas emissions and security of energy supply have accelerated the search for alternative energy sources both indeveloped� (more)
Lutaaya, Fred
Nuclear Plant Reliability: Data Collection and Usage Guide
Most nuclear utility programs and regulatory compliance actions involve several organizations within a utility and often have overlapping elements. Nearly all of these programs need extensive data. This report discusses some issues associated with the identification, collection, and effective use of plant data in support of such utility programs.
Guidelines for Addressing Environmental Effects in Fatigue Usage Calculations
Requirements by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to address reactor water environmental effects on fatigue of class 1 reactor pressure boundary components in license renewal evaluations and for new plants have led to the development of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code Cases designed to provide rules for such evaluations. This report describes the results of efforts by industry participants to complete two sample fatigue evaluations according to the rules of ASME Code ...
Plug-in Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure Usage Patterns:...
y p g pp p y bid NETL (National Energy Testing Laboratory) contract * For the EV Project, ECOtality is the project lead and INL j , y p j provides data collection,...
Second Annual UCLA Survey of Business School Computer Usage
Kent State University University of Kentucky Louisiana StateWestern Illinois University Western Kentucky University
Frand, Jason L.; McLean, Ephraim R.
Fourth Annual UCLA Survey of Business School Computer Usage
Kansas State University University of Kentucky University ofWestern Illinois University Western Kentucky University
Frand, Jason L.; McLean, Ephraim R.; Britt, Julia A.
Demand and Usage in Scotland Update Report to March 2008
represented high levels of co-firing with pellets, which have since been substituted for other forms of non and co-firing, and displacement of electricity generation from other fossil fuels, such as gas fibre was used for co-firing displacing electricity generation by coal. Over the last year co-firing has
RECS Electricity Usage Form_v2 (25418 - Activated, Traditional...
Period Enter the End Date for each billing period MMDDYY Enter the Amount used in kWh XXXX kWh were: AActual EEstimated RRead by Customer (select one) A E R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...
Economic assessment of polymer concrete usage in geothermal power plants
Results of a study established to review the Heber and Niland, California 50 MWe conceptual geothermal power plants designs and to identify areas where non-metallic materials, such as polymer concrete, can be technically and economically employed are reported. Emphasis was directed toward determining potential economic advantages and resulting improvements in plant availability. It is estimated that use of polymer concrete in the Heber plant will effect a savings of 6.18 mills per KWH in the cost of power delivered to the network, a savings of 9.7%. A similar savings should be effected in the Niland plant.
Not Available
Suitable usage scenarios for trusted Elements of future energy production,
. Exactly what the Smart Grid architecture will look like at a national level is still not clear. While multiple smart meters to integrate with the HAN, we prefer to go with an open architecture for WinSmartGridConvergence for the Smart Grid - On the technology opportunities for Future Cyber-Physical Energy
DISCOVER-AQ Outlook for Wednesday, July 20, 2011 The weather for Wednesday through the weekend is forecasted to be hazy, very hot, and very humid
be monitored closely. This heatwave builds as the massive upper-level ridge plaguing the Plains moves east and the Bermuda High pumps very moist air into the Mid-Atlantic. Air quality is expected to be poor through 21st, Thursday: Can Fly July 22nd, Friday: Can Fly July 23rd, Saturday: Can Fly Excessive Heat
34 AEROSPACE AMERICA/MAY 2011 Copyright 2011 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Long gone are the days when weekend
Ved March 30, 2007 Interest in the gas-to-liquid process (GTL) using Fischer-Tropsch reactors (F-T) has The Fischer Tropsch (F-T) synthesis was originally devel- oped in Germany in the 1920s by Franz Fischer into syngas and, then, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of syngas into synthetic liquid fuels. A first plant
Helsinki Journal, Entry 29, February 4, 2007 This weekend Alex and I took a trip to a remote region in eastern Finland near the
to the research exercise. One natural approach is for researchers to cooperate, by addressing their design energy) room reservations at two available hotelsone considered higher quality than the other, and (3 on the first day), eight hotel auctions (two hotel types and four nights), and twelve entertainment ticket
Bardsley, John
Clarifying the Relationships between Rural Parenting Practices and Child Sedentary Behaviors
Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Though a great body of research has focused on this area, little is still known about the factors that influence this phenomenon in rural settings. Sedentary behavior and parenting factors are just two factors that influence this trend toward obesity. However, even less is known about how the intersection of parenting influences affects child sedentary behaviors in rural communities. This study examines the relationship between parenting factors and child sedentary behaviors within the context of rurality. This study was completed in two parts. Part one consisted of a comprehensive review of the literature that provided background on the current practices and set the stage for the statistical analysis that followed. Part two included the statistical analysis, which focused on examining the relationships between parents� TV and behavior rules, and child�s sedentary activity behaviors. Pearson correlation and Spearman�s rank were used to assess whether relationships existed between variables. Correlations between weekday and weekend activity and gender were not found to be significant. Also, relationships between rule enforcement and activity were not found to be significant. This study found a glaring gap in the literature that examines how parenting factors influence child sedentary behaviors in rural settings. Also, the statistical analysis revealed that parental rules have no associations with child sedentary activity, despite medium rates of enforcement.
Gabriel, Myra Gayle
Load-shape modeling in southeastern utility systems
Load models are tools which have a wide range of application in the electric-utility industry. Some uses include monitoring load-management policies and helping with on-line commitment problems. The output from a load model can be placed in a suitable software environment where daily load curves are computed and displayed. Also, load models can be extended to perform forecasting functions. A weather sensitive load model that takes into account both weekdays and weekends on an hourly basis has been developed and applied to load shape modeling and short term forecasting on three southeastern electric utilities. A software package associated with the load modeling theory was developed and tested. This load-modeling program computes the daily load curve in terms of identifiable components. The program uses historical hourly load data to compute coefficients related to load components including base, growth, seasonal and weather. These coefficients can be used in a mathematical model to compute an estimate of the daily load curve with load values for each hour of the day. The load-modeling procedure described employs a linear least squares method for computing coefficients in the mathematical model.
Lebby, G.L.
Patrick Air Force Base integrated resource assessment. Volume 2, Baseline detail
The US Air Force has tasked the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), to assess energy use at Patrick Air Force Base (AFB). The information obtained from this assessment will be used in identifying energy resource opportunities to reduce overall energy consumption on the base. The primary focus of this report is to assess the current baseline energy consumption at Patrick AFB. It is a comparison report to Volume 1, the Executive Summary, and Volume 3, the Resource Assessment. This assessment requires that information be obtained and characterized for buildings, utilities, energy sources, energy uses, and load profile information to be used to improve the characterization of energy use on the base. The characteristics of electricity, natural gas, and No. 2 fuel oil are analyzed for on-base facilities and housing. The assessment examines basic regional information used to determine energy-use intensity (EUI) values for Patrick AFB facilities by building, fuel type, and energy end use. It also provides a summary of electricity consumption from Florida Power and Light Company (FPL) metered data for 1985-1991. Load profile information obtained from FPL data is presented for the north and south substations for the four seasons of the year, including weekdays and weekends.
Wahlstrom, R.R.; King, D.A.; Parker, S.A.; Sandusky, W.F.
Data:A6aca389-bae8-4a70-9e3b-9edcc723b992 | Open Energy Information
aca389-bae8-4a70-9e3b-9edcc723b992 aca389-bae8-4a70-9e3b-9edcc723b992 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Town of Concord, Massachusetts (Utility Company) Effective date: 2013/01/01 End date if known: Rate name: RATE GS ETS (OFF PEAK ETS HEATING) Sector: Commercial Description: Under this rate, service is available for off peak Electric Thermal Storage (ETS) systems with the following provisions. Service will only be make available during the hours defined below and will be at the off peak rate. This rate schedule is only available for non-residential service. Eight off-peak hours per day normally from 10PM to 6AM, Monday-Friday and all weekend hours, with up to three additional hours during weekdays depending on the outside temperature, from October 1st through May 31st. All the remaining hours are on-peak.
How People Actually Use Thermostats
Residential thermostats have been a key element in controlling heating and cooling systems for over sixty years. However, today's modern programmable thermostats (PTs) are complicated and difficult for users to understand, leading to errors in operation and wasted energy. Four separate tests of usability were conducted in preparation for a larger study. These tests included personal interviews, an on-line survey, photographing actual thermostat settings, and measurements of ability to accomplish four tasks related to effective use of a PT. The interviews revealed that many occupants used the PT as an on-off switch and most demonstrated little knowledge of how to operate it. The on-line survey found that 89% of the respondents rarely or never used the PT to set a weekday or weekend program. The photographic survey (in low income homes) found that only 30% of the PTs were actually programmed. In the usability test, we found that we could quantify the difference in usability of two PTs as measured in time to accomplish tasks. Users accomplished the tasks in consistently shorter times with the touchscreen unit than with buttons. None of these studies are representative of the entire population of users but, together, they illustrate the importance of improving user interfaces in PTs.
Meier, Alan; Aragon, Cecilia; Hurwitz, Becky; Mujumdar, Dhawal; Peffer, Therese; Perry, Daniel; Pritoni, Marco
Definition: Time-of-use Pricing | Open Energy Information
of-use Pricing of-use Pricing Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Time-of-use Pricing Time-of-use pricing (TOU) typically applies to usage over broad blocks of hours (e.g., on-peak=6 hours for summer weekday afternoon; off-peak= all other hours in the summer months) where the price for each period is predetermined and constant.[1] Related Terms smart grid References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/time_of_use_pricing [[C LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ategory: Smart Grid Definitionsoff-peak, |Template:BASEPAGENAME]]off-peak, Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Time-of-use_Pricing&oldid=502494" Category: Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version
Million U.S. Households, 1997 Usage Indicators RSE Column Factor: Total Four Most Populated States RSE Row Factors New York California Texas Florida 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 Total .............................................................. 101.5 6.8 11.5 7.0 5.9 NF Weekday Home Activities Home Used for Business Yes ............................................................ 7.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 13.5 No .............................................................. 94.1 6.3 10.6 6.5 5.6 2.2 Energy-Intensive Activity Yes ............................................................ 2.4 Q 0.4 0.1 Q 26.0 No .............................................................. 99.1 6.7 11.1 6.8 5.8 1.5 Someone Home All Day Yes ............................................................
Microgrid Selection and Operation for Commercial Buildings in California and New York States
Weekday low Storage Price and 60% PV Price Reduction (run 6)3. a low storage and PV price; 4. to assess the value ofJan. Weekday low Storage and PV Price (run 3) Diurnal Heat
Marnay, Chris; Environmental Energy Technologies Division
3a. Usage Indicators by Census Region and Climate Zone, 3a. Usage Indicators by Census Region and Climate Zone, Million U.S. Households, 1993 Usage Indicators RSE Column Factor: Total Census Region Climate Zone RSE Row Factors Northeast Midwest South West Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -- More than 2,000 CDD and Few- er than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Few- er than 4,000 HDD 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 Total ..................................................... 96.6 19.5 23.3 33.5 20.4 8.7 26.5 22.5 17.8 21.2 6.4 Weekday Home Activities Home Used for Business Yes ................................................... 6.1 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 11.4 No ..................................................... 90.5 18.5 21.8 31.5 18.7 8.0 24.7 21.4 16.5 19.9 6.5 Energy-Intensive Activity Yes ...................................................
November 15.2012 CENTER eXpress
. The medical center IT's weekend crew included Mark Miltenberger (right). TONS Does not include boxes
Albertini, David
Preoperative Chemoradiation With Irinotecan and Capecitabine in Patients With Locally Advanced Resectable Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study
Purpose: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer has shown benefit over postoperative CRT; however, a standard CRT regimen has yet to be defined. We performed a prospective concurrent CRT Phase II study with irinotecan and capecitabine in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer to investigate the efficacy and safety of this regimen. Methods and Materials: Patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic, and mid-to-lower rectal cancer were enrolled. Radiotherapy was delivered in 1.8-Gy daily fractions for a total of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by a coned-down boost of 5.4 Gy in 3 fractions. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of 40 mg/m{sup 2} of irinotecan per week for 5 consecutive weeks and 1,650 mg/m{sup 2} of capecitabine per day for 5 days per week (weekdays only) from the first day of radiotherapy. Total mesorectal excision was performed within 6 {+-} 2 weeks. The pathologic responses and survival outcomes were included for the study endpoints. Results: In total, 48 patients were enrolled; 33 (68.7%) were men and 15 (31.3%) were women, and the median age was 59 years (range, 32-72 years). The pathologic complete response rate was 25.0% (11 of 44; 95% confidence interval, 12.2-37.8) and 8 patients (18.2% [8 of 44]) showed near-total tumor regression. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 75.0% and 93.6%, respectively. Grade 3 toxicities included leukopenia (3 [6.3%]), neutropenia (1 [2.1%]), infection (1 [2.1%]), alanine aminotransferase elevation (1 [2.1%]), and diarrhea (1 [2.1%]). There was no Grade 4 toxicity or treatment-related death. Conclusions: Preoperative CRT with irinotecan and capecitabine with treatment-free weekends showed very mild toxicity profiles and promising results in terms of survival.
Hong, Yong Sang [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Dae Yong [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Lim, Seok-Byung [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Department of Colorectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Hyo Seong [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Seung-Yong [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jun Yong; Sohn, Dae Kyung; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Chang, Hee Jin [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Park, Jae-Gahb [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Kyung Hae, E-mail: email@example.com [Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang (Korea, Republic of); Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Standard for Inert Cryogenic Liquid Usage in the Laboratory Page 1 of 4 Standard for Inert Cryogenic Liquid Usage in the Laboratory
nitrogen, liquid helium, liquid argon) can lead to serious workplace injuries due to hazards related, students and visitors. Definition · A cryogenic liquid is defined as a liquefied gas that is stored or used and Technology) as being below 93.15 K (-180C). · Common examples: nitrogen, argon, neon, helium
Chan, Hue Sun
China Energy Databook -- User Guide and Documentation, Version 7.0
?220kV Non-residential lighting usage lighting usage Commercial usage Non-usage Non-residential lighting usage Commercial usage Non-
Fridley, Ed., David
Insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership, usage, and malaria transmission in the highlands of western Kenya
of the Director of Kenya Medical Research Institute. Theat Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical ResearchInstitute, Kisumu, Kenya. His research focuses on
PowerPedia: changing energy usage with the help of a community-based smartphone application
When it comes to conserving electricity, it is crucial for users to know how much energy is consumed by individual appliances. However, the technical feedback provided by existing energy consumption feedback systems in the form of dry numbers and intangible ... Keywords: Energy use, Feedback systems, Mobile computing, Smart meter
Markus Weiss; Thorsten Staake; Friedemann Mattern; Elgar Fleisch
Proposal for an automatic cleaning robot operating in conjunction with the usage status of electrical appliances
In this paper, we propose a human-friendly cleaning robot system for the domestic ubiquitous environment. Though conventional automatic cleaning robots already exist, these robots do not work in sync with humans. These robots' cleaning operations often ... Keywords: home application, mobile robot, ubiquitous and pervasive computing
Akihiro Miura; Shigeo Kaneda; Hirohide Haga
Australian undergraduate Internet usage: self-taught, self-directed, and self-limiting?
The Information Age is upon us and it heralds a new paradigm in the way universities conduct research. Lack of understanding and a cautionary stance towards the Internet has left many universities lagging far behind the needs of its student population. ... Keywords: Internet, computer based learning, higher education, information technology resource, research
Sally Foster
Fourteenth Annual UCLA Survey of Business School Computer Usage: Business School Information Technology Resources and Uses
development, maintenance, and management, eleven percent forWeb/network development, maintenance, management E-maildevelopment, maintenance, management Web page development
Frand, Jason L.; Britt, Julia A.
Peer-to-Peer technology usage in web service discovery and matchmaking
This paper presents a dynamic and scalable mechanism for discovery of semantically enriched descriptions of Web services. By employing Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) as the underlying framework for describing both user requests and Web services, ...
Brahmananda Sapkota; Laurentiu Vasiliu; Ioan Toma; Dumitru Roman; Chris Bussler
Usage of CLPU curve to deal with the cold load pickup problem
Restoration of load after an extended power outage, whether planned or unplanned, raises various practical concerns. Previous studies have shown the cold load condition lasts between 2 and 60 minutes, or longer, depending on the duration of the outage, type of load, and the local weather. The theory presented in this paper is applicable to all microprocessor based overcurrent protective devices used at the distribution level. The example used in the paper is to provide a possible method to handle cold load pickup problems at line reclosers installed on the distribution system. The new approach is to control the pickup of the phase element of the recloser as a function of time. The pickup of the recloser starts at a present value after an extended outage and slowly decreases and returns to the normal pickup in a predetermined manner. The relationship of the pickup level and time could be determined by considering the maximum cold load current and its gradual decay with time.
Mirza, O.H. [Puget Sound Power and Light Co., Bellevue, WA (United States)
Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most...
New York Florida Texas California Energy Information Administration 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Preliminary Housing Characteristics Tables Table HC15.7...
How an experimental grid is used: The Grid5000 case and its impact on energy usage
1 Introduction: A day in the life of an experimental Grid The question of energy savings is a matter of concern since a long time in the mobile distributed systems. However, for the large-scale non-mobile distributed systems, which nowadays
Anne-c�cile Orgerie; Laurent Lef�vre; Jean-patrick Gelas
"Table HC4.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing...
and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C of the 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. " " Energy Information Administration 2005 Residential Consumption Survey: Preliminary Housing...
Assessment of Technology Used to Protect the Privacy of Energy Usage Data
This EPRI Technical Update Report discusses proposed privacy enhancing technologies (PETs) that are applicable to advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) deployments.BackgroundNew laws are beginning to come into effect in California and Colorado in the United States and in European countries such as Germany. Ohio and the European Commission are contemplating additional laws.Potential privacy problems arise from the granularity and detail of ...
A large-scale study on predicting and contextualizing building energy usage
In this paper we present a data-driven approach to modeling end user energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings. Our model is based upon a data set of monthly electricity and gas bills, collected by a utility ...
Kolter, Jeremy Z.
Assessment of the potential of colloidal fuels in future energy usage. Final report. [97 references
Pulverized coal has been an increasing important source of energy over the past century. Most large utility boilers, all modern coking plants, and many industrial boilers and blast furnaces employ pulverized coal as a major feed stream. In periods of oil shortages, such as during World Wars I and II, the concept of adding powdered coal to oil for use in combustion equipment originally designed for oil has been actively pursued but rarely used. Over this same period of time, there have been attempts to use air suspensions of coal dust in diesel engines in Germany, and in turbines in various countries. The economic advantages to be enjoyed by substitution of powdered coal in oil are not generally realized. Oil costs at $30/bbl represent a fuel value of about $5.00/10/sup 6/ Btu; coal at $25/ton is equivalent to approximately $1.00/10/sup 6/ Btu. Although capital costs for the use of coal are higher than those associated with the use of oil, coal is clearly becoming the least costly fuel. Not only are considerable cost advantages possible, but an improvement in balance of payments and an increase in reliability of fuel supplies are other potential benefits. It is therefore recommended that increased national attention be given to develop these finer grinds of carbonaceous fuels to be used in various suspending fluids. Technical areas where significant additional support appear desirable are described.
"Table HC9.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone...
areas, determined according to the 30-year average (1971-2000) of the annual heating and cooling degree-days. A household is assigned to a climate zone according to the 30-year...
"Table HC9.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Climate Zone...
Assessing Climate Information Use in Agribusiness. Part I: Actual and Potential Use and Impediments to Usage
A project for the development of methodology to enable agribusiness decision makers to utilize more effectively climate information involved investigation of three agribusiness firms, as well as measurement of their actual and potential use. The ...
Stanley A. Changnon; Steven T. Sonka; Steven Hofing
On the usage of Flaring Gas Layers to determine the Shape of Dark Matter Halos
I present a new method of deriving the shape of the dark matter (DM) halos of spiral galaxies. The method relies on the comparison of model predictions with high spectral and spatial resolution HI observations of the gas layer. The potential arising from the {\\em total} mass distribution of the galaxy is used in the calculation of the vertical distribution of the gas. I developed a new algorithm to calculate the force field of an arbitrary, azimuthally symmetric, density distribution. This algorithm is used to calculate the forces due to the radially truncated stellar disk as well as of the flaring gas layer. I use a simple two-parameter family of disk-halo models which have essentially the same observed equatorial rotation curve but different vertical forces. This mass model is composed of a stellar disk with constant M/L, and a DM-halo with a given axial ratio. I approximate the radial force due to the gaseous disk, and iteratively determine the vertical force due to the global distribution of the gas. The thickness of the gaseous disk is sensitive to both the flattening of the DM-halo and the self-gravity of the gas, but not to the particular choice of disk-halo decomposition. I show that the determination of the thickness of the gas layer is not restricted to edge-on galaxies, but can be measured for moderately inclined systems as well.
Rob P. Olling
Portable wireless sensors for object usage sensing in the home: challenges and practicalities
A low-cost kit of stick-on wireless sensors that transmit data indicating whenever various objects are being touched or used might aid ubiquitous computing research efforts on rapid prototyping, context-aware computing, and ultra-dense object sensing, ...
Emmanuel Munguia Tapia; Stephen S. Intille; Kent Larson
NYC TLC - Plug-in Electric Vehicle Infrastructure and Usage Informatio...
information Bio-mass N l Hydropower Wind G th l Idaho National Laboratory Bio-mass Nuclear Hydropower * U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory * 890 square mile site...
U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Infrastructure and Usage
not contain any proprietary or sensitive information Idaho National Laboratory Bio mass Nuclear Hydropower Wind * U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory * 890 square mile...
A Practical and Cost Effective Demonstration of Efficient Energy Usage and Quality Management Using the NII
In order to be competitive in the changing electric power industry, and to promote energy efficiency and conservation, electric power providers need to have access to information on the power system to a level of detail that has not been available in the past. This level of detail extends beyond the usual voltage, current, power, and energy quantities obtained from traditional utility SCADA systems.
Proceedings: Workshop on Prospects and Requirements for Geographic Expansion of Wind Power Usage
Can wind power play a significant role in the U.S. energy picture? Only if its use spreads beyond its present California base. In clarifying the technical, environmental, and resource-related issues involved in broadening the use of wind power, participants at this workshop identified key steps for utilities considering this generation option.
Understanding motivations for facebook use: usage metrics, network structure, and privacy
This study explores the links between motives for using a social network service and numerical measures of that activity. Specifically, it identified motives for Facebook use by employing a Uses and Gratifications (U&G) approach and then investigated ... Keywords: computer-mediated communication, facebook, privacy, social network sites, social networks, uses and gratifications
Enabling multi-cation electrolyte usage in LMBs for lower cost and operating temperature
Alloy anodes form a promising path to the use of multi-cation electrolytes by increasing chemical stability. In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature ...
Blanchard, Allan (Allan B.)
Energy usage/consumption analysis for La Quinta Royale, Corpus Christi, Texas
A detailed analysis is given of energy consumption and energy use profiles for the La Quinta Royale, Corpus Christi, Texas. Data were collected primarily during the heating and cooling seasons and show where energy is used, how much is used, and when it is used. Functional energy use areas are the guest rooms, banquet kitchen, banquet rooms, passenger elevators, ice-maker and soft drink vending machine. Energy use monitored is analyzed in the areas of space heating and space cooling and domestic hot water. (LEW)
Optimum usage and economic feasibility of animal manure-based biomass in combustion systems
Manure-based biomass (MBB) has the potential to be a source of green energy at large coal-fired power plants and on smaller-scale combustion systems at or near confined animal feeding operations. Although MBB is a low quality fuel with an inferior heat value compared to coal and other fossil fuels, the concentration of it at large animal feeding operations can make it a viable source of fuel. Mathematical models were developed to portray the economics of co-firing and reburning coal with MBB. A base case run of the co-fire model in which a 95:5 blend of coal to low-ash MBB was burned at an existing 300-MWe coal-fired power plant was found to have an overall net present cost of $22.6 million. The most significant cost that hindered the profitability of the co-fire project was the cost of operating gas boilers for biomass dryers that were required to reduce the MBB's moisture content before transportation and combustion. However, a higher dollar value on avoided nonrenewable CO2 emissions could overrule exorbitant costs of drying and transporting the MBB to power plants. A CO2 value of $17/metric ton was found to be enough for the MBB co-fire project to reach an economic break-even point. Reburning coal with MBB to reduce NOx emissions can theoretically be more profitable than a co-fire project, due to the value of avoided NOx emissions. However, the issue of finding enough suitable low-ash biomass becomes problematic for reburn systems since the reburn fuel must supply 10 to 25% of the power plant?s heat rate in order to achieve the desired NOx level. A NOx emission value over $2500/metric ton would justify installing a MBB reburn system. A base case run of a mathematical model describing a small-scale, on-the-farm MBB combustion system that can completely incinerate high-moisture (over 90%) manure biomass was developed and completed. If all of the energy or steam produced by the MBB combustion system were to bring revenue to the animal feeding operation either by avoided fueling costs or by sales, the conceptualized MBB combustion system has the potential to be a profitable venture.
Carlin, Nicholas T.
Analysis of RFID technology usage for luggage management in the airline industry
Airlines are a vital part of the transportation industry, responsible for the movement of people and products. Air passenger luggage is a key component of such services. A primary function of radio frequency identification (RFID) in the airline industry ...
Matthew Waritay Guah; Rhoda C. Joseph
The influence of personality on Facebook usage, wall postings, and regret
The Five Factor Model of personality has been used extensively in the management and psychology fields to predict attitudes and behaviors. Only recently have researchers begun to examine the role of psychological factors in influencing an individual's ... Keywords: Facebook, Five Factor Model (FFM), Personality
Kelly Moore; James C. McElroy
April 13, 2012 Page 1 of 5 Administrative Guide Memo 62 Computer and Network Usage Policy
to have violated this policy may also have violated the University Code of Conduct, the Fundamental Student Life/Codes of Conduct/Fundamental Standard/Honor Code b. Staff Discipline -- See Guide Memo 22 Discipline -- See the Statement on Faculty Discipline in the Faculty Handbook d. Patents and Copyrights
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Wire Brush Testing, Procurement, and Usage Guide
Improper design, selection, or use of wire brushes will cause the loss of wire brush filaments and can result in damage to plant equipment and nuclear fuel.
"Table HC4.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
1,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q","N" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,14.2,4,1.3,2.1,6.6,"Q" "Dial-up...
"Table HC10.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
Sleep Mode",1,"Q",0.3,0.4,0.3 "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,12.3,15.3,23.3,16 "Dial-up...
"Table HC7.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Household...
",0.3,"Q",0.5,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"N","Q","Q","Q","Q","N","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,7.2,15.1,14.6,10.4,19.6,4.9,14 "Dial-up...
"Table HC8.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural...
Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q",0.3,0.3 "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,26.6,11,16.7,12.6 "Dial-up...
"Table HC14.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,16,4.7,11.3 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,5.4,1.8,3.6...
"Table HC15.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Four Most...
Sleep Mode",1,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,3.7,4.5,4.8,8.2 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,1.2,1.7,...
An Examination of Internet Pornography Usage Among Male Students at Evangelical Christian Colleges.
?? Internet pornography access among male students at Evangelical Christian colleges presents two dilemmas. First, Internet pornography access is institutionally prohibited based on a Biblical� (more)
Chelsen, Paul Olaf
"Table HC12.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,15.3,10.5,4.8 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,6.9,4.6,2....
"Table HC11.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,"Q","Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,12.3,8.9,3.5 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,4.3,3.2,1.1...
"Table HC3.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
1,0.9,0.8,"Q","Q","N","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,0.3,0.3,"N","N","N","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,52.6,44.8,2.8,1.2,1.4,2.5 "Dial-up...
The objective of the project is to apply a unique ice thermal storage (ITS) technology to cooling the intake air to gas turbines used for power generation. In Phase I, the work includes theoretical analysis, computer simulation, engineering design and cost evaluation of this novel ITS technology. The study includes two typical gas turbines (an industrial and an aeroderivative type gas turbine) operated at two different geographic locations: Phoenix, AZ and Houston, TX. Simulation runs are performed to generate data for both power output (KW) and heat rate (Btu/KWh) as well as water recovery (acre ft/yr) in terms of intake air temperature and humidity based on weather data and turbine performance curves. Preliminary engineering design of a typical equipment arrangement for turbine inlet air-cooling operation using the ITS system is presented. A cost analysis has been performed to demonstrate the market viability of the ITS technology. When the ITS technology is applied to gas turbines, a net power gain up to 40% and a heat rate reduction as much as 7% can be achieved. In addition, a significant amount of water can be recovered (up to 200 acre-ft of water per year for a 50 MW turbine). The total cost saving is estimated to be $500,000/yr for a 50 MW gas turbine generator. These results have clearly demonstrated that the use of ITS technology to cool the intake-air to gas turbines is an efficient and cost effective means to improve the overall performance of its power generation capacity with an important added benefit of water recovery in power plant operation. Thus, further development of ITS technology for commercial applications in power generation, particularly in coal-based IGCC power plants is warranted.
Shiao-Hung Chiang; Guy Weismantel
Personality types and consumer preferences for multiple currency usages: a study of the restaurant industry.
??The immense popularity of marketing promotions and loyalty programs has resulted in the introduction of several new exchange media other than money. Therefore, consumers are� (more)
Hu, Hsin-Hui
Outlooks of HLW Partitioning Technologies Usage for Recovering of Platinum Metals from Spent Fuel
The existing practice of management of high level waste (HLW) generated by NPPs, call for a task of selective separation of the most dangerous long-lived radionuclides with the purpose of their subsequent immobilization and disposal. HLW partitioning allows to reduce substantially the cost of vitrified product storage owing to isolation of the most dangerous radionuclides, such as transplutonium elements (TPE) into separate fractions of small volumes, intended for ultimate storage. By now numerous investigations on partitioning of HLW of various composition have been carried out in many countries and a lot of processes permitting to recover cesium, strontium, TPE and rare earth elements (REE) have been already tested. Apart from enumerated radionuclides, a fair quantity of palladium and rhodium presents in spent fuel, but the problem of these elements recovery has not yet been decided at the operating radiochemical plants. A negative effect of platinum group metals (PGM) occurrence is determined by the formation of separate metal phase, which not only worsens the conditions of glass-melting but also shortens considerably the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the exhaustion of PGMs natural resources may finally lead to such a growth of their costs that the spent nuclear fuel would became a substituting source of these elements industrial production. Allowing above mentioned, it is of interest to develop the technique for ''reactor'' palladium and rhodium recovery process which would be compatible with HLW partitioning and could be realized using the same facilities. In the report the data on platinum metals distribution in spent fuel reprocessing products and the several flowsheets for palladium separation from HLW are presented.
Pokhitonov, Y. A.; Estimantovskiy, V.; Romanovski, v.; Zatsev, B.; Todd, T.
Electrical Usage Profiling The roll out of Smart Meters between now and 2020 will allow
be the first to be targeted · Black houses are heavier users · Blue houses use less power so probably wouldn generation such as solar power and how it affects the household's behaviours Summer 2012 Possible of the households to target for particular incentives. · Red houses are creatures of habit, show very little
Aickelin, Uwe
Ethanol production for automotive fuel usage. Final technical report, July 1979-August 1980
Production of ethanol from potatoes, sugar beets, and wheat using geothermal resources in the Raft River area of Idaho was evaluated. The south-central region of Idaho produces approximately 18 million bushels of wheat, 1.3 million tons of sugar beets, and 27 million cwt potatoes annually. A 20-million-gallon-per-year ethanol facility has been selected as the largest scale plant that can be supported with the current agricultural resources. The conceptual plant was designed to operate on each of these three feedstocks for a portion of the year, but could operate year-round on any of them. The processing facility uses conventional alcohol technology and uses geothermal energy for all process heating. There are three feedstock preparation sections, although the liquefaction and saccharification steps for potatoes and wheat involve common equipment. The fermentation, distillation, and by-product handling sections are common to all three feedstocks. Maximum geothermal fluid requirements are approximately 6000 gpm. It is anticipated that this flow will be supplied by nine production wells located on private and BLM lands in the Raft River KGRA. The geothermal fluid will be flashed from 280/sup 0/F in three stages to supply process steam at 250/sup 0/F, 225/sup 0/F, and 205/sup 0/F for various process needs. Steam condensate plus liquid remaining after the third flash will be returned to receiving strata through six injection wells.
Stenzel, R.A.; Yu, J.; Lindemuth, T.E.; Soo-Hoo, R.; May, S.C.; Yim, Y.J.; Houle, E.H.
Case Histories of Alloy Usage in the CPI - Programmaster.org
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2010. Symposium, Applications and Experiences of Corrosion-Resistant Materials in the Chemical�...
Deep and wide metrics for HPC resource capability and project usage
This paper defines and demonstrates application of possible quantitative metrics for the qualitative notions of "deep" and "wide" HPC system use along with the related concepts of capability and capacity computing. By summarizing HPC workloads according ... Keywords: TeraGrid, capability, capacity, deep, high-performance computing, measurement, metrics, wide
David Hart
Practices, Trends, and Recommendations in Technical Appendix Usage for Selected Data-Intensive Disciplines
datacite.org/]. PRACTICES, TRENDS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN22 a?archiving/]. PRACTICES, TRENDS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS INPRACTICES, TRENDS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN TECHNICAL APPENDIX
I. Azevedo. 2012, Electricity consumption and energy savingsMcKenney. 2007. Energy consumption by consumer electronicsK. Roth. 2011. Energy Consumption of Consumer Electronics in
The Usage of Screen-Level Parameters and Microwave Brightness Temperature for Soil Moisture Analysis
This study focuses on testing two different soil moisture analysis systems based on screen-level parameters (2-m temperature T2m, 2-m relative humidity RH2m) and 1.4-GHz passive microwave brightness temperatures TB. First, a simplified extended ...
G. Seuffert; H. Wilker; P. Viterbo; M. Drusch; J-F. Mahfouf
Beyond deployments and testbeds: experiences with public usage on vehicular WiFi hotspots
We describe our experiences with deploying a vehicular Internet access service on public transit buses. Our system, called WiRover, has been running on these buses since April 2010 for about 18 months till date providing a WiFi hotspot to which bus passengers ... Keywords: network diversity, vehicular connectivity, wireless, wirover
Joshua Hare; Lance Hartung; Suman Banerjee
MACCS usage at Rocky Flats Plant for consequence analysis of postulated accidents
The MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) has been applied to the radiological consequence assessment of potential accidents from a non-reactor nuclear facility. MACCS has been used in a variety of applications to evaluate radiological dose and health effects to the public from postulated plutonium releases and from postulated criticalities. These applications were conducted to support deterministic and probabilistic accident analyses for safety analyses for safety analysis reports, radiological sabotage studies, and other regulatory requests.
Foppe, T.L.; Peterson, V.L.
Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region ...
Total U.S. Housing Units..... 111.1 20.6 25.6 40.7 24.2 Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer Number of Lights Turned On
Study of Performance of Heat Pump Usage in Sewage Treatment and Fouling Impact on System
A heat pump using disposed sewage as a heat source to heat raw sewage is presented to solve the problem that sewage temperature is low in sewage biologic treatment in cold region. According to the status of one medicine factory in Harbin, China, system performances are simulated. Then the impact of fouling on system performance is emulated in detail. The results show that the novel system is feasible to be utilized in sewage treatment for its energy-saving and high efficient characteristics, and that raw sewage temperature can be enhanced to 29.569?, and EER of system can reach 4.177. Fouling impact on system not only depends on the fouling thermal resistance, but also is related to heat transfer coefficient. Increased fouling leads to severely deteriorated performance of the compressor, and a decrease in EER and refrigerant mass flow rate.
Song, Y.; Yao, Y.; Ma, Z.; Na, W.
of time spent in either off, standby, or on modes, for each2: Average and median power in standby and on modes for allmode categories: off, standby, and on. The off mode category
Usage of antimony segregation for selective doping of Si in molecular beam epitaxy
An original approach to selective doping of Si by antimony (Sb) in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is proposed and verified experimentally. This approach is based on controllable utilization of the effect of Sb segregation. In particular, the sharp dependence of Sb segregation on growth temperature in the range of 300-550 deg. C is exploited. The growth temperature variations between the kinetically limited and maximum segregation regimes are suggested to be utilized in order to obtain selectively doped structures with abrupt doping profiles. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique allows formation of selectively doped Si:Sb layers, including delta ({delta}-)doped layers in which Sb concentrations can be varied from 5 x 10{sup 15} to 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3}. The obtained doped structures are shown to have a high crystalline quality and the short-term growth interruptions, which are needed to change the substrate temperature, do not lead to any significant accumulation of background impurities in grown samples. Realization of the proposed approach requires neither too low (<300 deg. C), nor too high (>600 deg. C) growth temperatures or any special equipment for the MBE machines.
Yurasov, D. V.; Drozdov, M. N.; Murel, A. V.; Shaleev, M. V.; Novikov, A. V. [Institute for Physics of Microstructures Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-105 (Russian Federation); Zakharov, N. D. [Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle/Saale (Germany)
PHEV Utility Factors (UFs) Derived from Households' Vehicle Usage Patterns Jamie Davies, Ken Kurani
to calculate electrical consumption, emissions, fuel costs, and battery lifetime and degradation. Of particular of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) while allowing consumers to make use of the familiar gasoline refueling, each household starts the day with a fully charged battery and does not recharge throughout the day
What can internet search engines "suggest" about the usage and usability of popular desktop applications?
In this paper, we show how Internet search query logs can yield rich, ecologically valid data sets describing the common tasks and issues that people encounter when using software on a day-to-day basis. These data sets can feed directly into standard ... Keywords: internet search, query log analysis
Adam Fourney; Richard Mann; Michael Terry
Spatial Characterization of Puerto Rican Commercial Fisheries: Gear Usage Across Habitat Classes and Bathymetry Ranges.
??The spatial characterization of Puerto Rican commercial fisheries describing fishing gear use in relation to habitat classes and bathymetry ranges was achieved through the collection� (more)
Koeneke, Roberto
The role of input revisited: Nativist versus usage-based models
Doughty & M. Long (Eds). , The handbook of second languageN.C. Ellis (Eds. ), Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics andDoughty & M. Long (Eds. ), The handbook of second language
Zyzik, Eve
Large High Resolution Displays for Co-Located Collaborative Sensemaking: Display Usage and Territoriality
Large, high-resolution vertical displays carry the potential to increase the accuracy of collaborative sensemaking, given correctly designed visual analytics tools. From an exploratory user study using a fictional textual intelligence analysis task, we investigated how users interact with the display to construct spatial schemas and externalize information, as well as how they establish shared and private territories. We investigated the space management strategies of users partitioned by type of tool philosophy followed (visualization- or text-centric). We classified the types of territorial behavior exhibited in terms of how the users interacted with information on the display (integrated or independent workspaces). Next, we examined how territorial behavior impacted the common ground between the pairs of users. Finally, we offer design suggestions for building future co-located collaborative visual analytics tools specifically for use on large, high-resolution vertical displays.
Bradel, Lauren; Endert, Alexander; Koch, Kristen; Andrews, Christopher; North, Chris
"Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most...
3,12.3,0.4,1.2,1,0.9 "4 or More",25.8,0.7,2.7,3.2,1.9 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,1.1,0.9,0.9,2.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,1,1.1,1.2,1.7 "Used...
"Table HC10.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
3,12.3,1.8,3.4,5.3,1.8 "4 or More",25.8,2.8,6.1,13.2,3.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,3.5,4.9,6,4.4 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.1,4.1,5.8,3.2 "Used...
"Table HC12.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
3,12.3,3.4,2.3,1.1 "4 or More",25.8,6.1,3.7,2.3 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.9,3.4,1.5 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,4.1,3,1.1 "Used Only a Few...
"Table HC7.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household...
"4 or More",25.8,2.8,5.8,5.5,3.8,7.9,1.4,5.1 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.2,4.9,4.1,2.1,3.4,2.4,6.3 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.4,3.8,3.3...
"Table HC8.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural...
3,12.3,5,2.1,2.6,2.6 "4 or More",25.8,8.6,4.7,6.7,5.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,7.1,3.2,4.3,4.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,6.3,2.8,3.4,3.7 "Used...
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