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|Update on Cod Liver Oil Manufacture
|Written by David Wetzel
|Thursday, 30 April 2009 23:07
Returning to Traditional Production Techniques for the Quintessential Sacred Food
When I began to import cod liver oil, in order to sell it along with the high-vitamin butter oil I was manufacturing, I felt it imperative to go to Iceland and Norway to visit the various cod liver oil factories there. At that time, most cod liver oil in America was imported from Scandinavia, with a small amount coming from China. What I learned is described in an article published in the Fall, 2005 issue of Wise Traditions, Cod Liver Oil Manufacturing: How Our Most Important Dietary Supplement Is Produced.
To summarize my findings, all the factories were engaged in industrial processing of cod liver oil, which involved alkali refining, bleaching, winterization and deodorization. Each of these steps, especially the deodorization, removes some of the precious fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin D. The resulting products can be divided into four categories. First is a fully cleaned and deodorized product with nothing added back in. Products with very low levels of vitamin A with virtually no vitamin D are of this type. To obtain meaningful levels of vitamins A and D from these products would require consuming many tablespoonfuls—a practice that is not only difficult to achieve, especially for children, but poses the danger of supplying an excess of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The second type is a non-deodorized product with a fair amount of natural vitamin A and D left in. According to the company website, Garden of Life cod liver oil falls in this category. It contains 500-1500 IU vitamin A per gram (2500-7500 IU per teaspoon) and 100-175 IU vitamin D per gram (500-875 IU per teaspoon).
The third type is the fully cleaned and deodorized cod liver oil with synthetic vitamins added back in. Most of the cod liver oils on the market fall into this category. (You'll need to check with the individual manufacturer to verify whether their cod liver oil falls in this category.) These vary in dose from about 1100 to 4600 IU vitamin A per teaspoon and 180 to 460 IU vitamin D per teaspoon. One company, Nordic Naturals, now adds supplemental vitamin D to their Nordic Naturals Vitamin D brand, to compensate for the vitamin D removed during processing.
The final category is the fully cleaned and deodorized product with natural vitamins added back in. This is the so-called high-vitamin cod liver oil, standardized at 2340 IU vitamin A per gram (11,700 IU per teaspoon) and 234 IU vitamin D (1170 IU per teaspoon). This is the type of cod liver oil I imported into the U.S. and sold under the Blue Ice label; it is also sold by Radiant Life and Dr. Ron's UltraPure.
Handwriting on the Wall
With only one factory still engaging in the relatively expensive process of adding natural vitamins back into processed cod liver oil, it was easy to see the handwriting on the wall. The odds that this factory would soon fall in with the others and start adding synthetic vitamins instead of natural ones were great. I was also concerned that we had no cod liver oil manufacture in the U.S. What would happen if FDA found some reason to prohibit imports? And finally, I was offended by the industrialization of a sacred food. I now fully understand that today's fish oil industry has committed the same crime to a historically sacred food as the dairy industry has committed on milk.
As predicted, the factory in question ceased using natural vitamins early this year. When my current stock runs out, this relatively natural high-vitamin cod liver oil will no longer be available.
Return to Old Methods
Fortunately, I had anticipated this eventuality several years ago when I began contemplating manufacturing cod liver oil myself. I wanted to produce a cod liver oil that contained only natural vitamins and, if possible, do it without the industrial alkali and deodorizing treatments. I also wanted to produce cod liver oil in the traditional way, which is by fermentation. I had read that in Roman times, long before refrigeration, fish guts were placed in a barrel with sea water and allowed to ferment. What came out the bottom of the barrel was a watery fermented fish sauce called garam, widely used as a seasoning (probably the precursor of Worcestershire sauce). The oil floated to the top and was collected carefully. This fermented fish oil was undoubtedly the civilized world's first health elixir, reserved for the soldiers and nobility. It is said that the soldiers refused to march without their daily ration of liquidum.
South Sea Islanders put great store in shark liver oil—enduring considerable danger to procure the sharks even though other, less dangerous-to-catch seafood was plentiful. To prepare the oil, they put the livers inside the leathery stomachs of the shark and hung them in the trees for several months. As it ferments, the oil gradually comes out of the livers and fills the hanging stomachs! The yield is about one liter per shark.
Shark stomachs containing shark livers from Tahiti, hanging in the trees to ferment. Photo courtesy Kay Baxter.
A description of traditional European cod liver oil processing is provided by F. Peckel Möller in an article entitled "Cod-Liver Oil and Chemistry," published in London, 1895. "The primitive method. . . is as follows. As soon as the fishermen reach the Voer [pier], and finish separating the livers and roes, they sell the fish and carry the livers and roes up to their dwellings. In front of these are ranged a number of empty barrels into which the livers and roes are placed, separately of course. The fishermen do not trouble to separate the gall-bladder from the liver, but simply stow away the proceeds of each day's fishing, and repeat the process every time they return from the sea, until a barrel is full, when it is headed up and a fresh one commenced. This is continued up to the end of the season, when the men return home, taking with them the barrels that they have filled. The first of these, it may be noted, date from January, and the last from the beginning of April, and as on their arrival at their homes the fishermen have many things to arrange and settle, they seldom find time to open their liver barrels before the month of May. By this time the livers are, of course, in an advanced state of putrefaction. The process of disintegration results in the bursting of the walls of the hepatic cells and the escape of a certain proportion of the oil. This rises to the top, and is drawn off.
"Provided that not more than two or three weeks have elapsed from the closing of the barrel . . . to its being opened, and if during that time the weather has not been too mild, the oil is of a light yellow colour, and is termed raw medicinal oil. As may be supposed, however, very little oil of this quality is obtained. Indeed, as a rule there is so little of it that the fishermen do not take the trouble to collect it separately. Nearly all the barrels yield an oil of a more or less deep yellow to brownish colour: this is drawn off, and the livers are left to undergo further putrefaction. When a sufficient quantity of oil has again risen to the surface, the skimming is repeated, and this process is continued until the oil becomes a certain shade of brown. The product collected up to this point is known as pale oil. . . . By this time the month of June has generally been reached, and with the warmer weather the putrefaction is considerably accelerated, and the oil now drawn off is of a dark brown colour, and is collected by itself. It is rather misleadingly called light brown oil. . . When no more can be squeezed out, the remainder is thrown into an iron caldron and heated over an open fire. By this process, the last rests of oil are extracted from the hepatic tissues, which float about in the oil like hard resinous masses. . . . In order to fully carry out the extraction, it is necessary to raise the temperature considerably above the boiling point of water. . . . The oil prepared in this way is very dark, almost black, and with a greenish fluorescence in reflected light. In thin layers and by transmitted light it shows a brown colour, and it is therefore termed brown oil. . ."
The writer then describes processing methods introduced to Norway in the 1850s by Peter Möller, which resulted in a much purer, consistently light-colored oil made from fresh, not putrefied livers, considerably more palatable in terms of taste and smell. He notes, however, that the "brown oils are actually used to a certain extent for medicinal purposes at the present day."
After reading this passage, and foreseeing the demise of the last natural cod liver oil from Europe, I was determined to produce a light brown fermented cod liver oil according to the old methods.
Production of Fermented Cod Liver Oil
But how to do this on a large scale? That was the challenge I was facing. It has taken six dedicated years of work to get to the point of offering the fermented cod liver oil to the community. The first challenge was to figure out a way to ferment the livers in large vats; and the second was to find the livers.
The method we have developed processes the cod liver oil through a proprietary non-heating natural lacto-fermentation. The process can take up to six months and is carefully handled throughout the process to ensure the oil is clean and natural. Industrialized fish oils, including cod liver oil, are heavily carbon filtered and heated after rendering or extracting. We have developed a unique cleaning process that does not use carbon filters or heat. Both heat and carbon filters remove flavors, odors, colors and nutrients, and also denature the fragile unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and EPA.
Our cod liver oil "factory" is a large building in north central Nebraska. We prefer to call it our cod liver oil green house. The building was built to store potatoes, but was gutted by fire soon after completion. It had been sitting empty all these years and came on the market at just the time we were looking for a facility, and became available to us at virtually no cost. We cleaned it out, washed and painted the walls, painted it and installed a new steel roof. The building currently holds six fermenting vats of just under 10,000 gallons each.
The roof is a solar roof and we use natural sunlight for heat and light—we have lots of sunlight in Nebraska. Our next project is to start sun drying fish eggs in a part of the building.
My other task was to find the livers. The search began several years ago—I picked up the phone and made many cold calls, most of which got me nowhere. People said I was crazy to want to purchase thousands of pounds of cod livers. Finally I met a Russian who took an interest in the project and found the livers for me—in Russia, they know about cod livers.
The first load of 10,000 pounds, which we used for experimental purposes, arrived two years ago. The first load for commercial production— 40,000 pounds of frozen cod livers—arrived in a tractor trailer—packed into pallets. Future deliveries will come by railroad!
Testing Cod Liver Oil
Our next challenge was to test the oils for nutrient content. Of course, we do the standard tests for pathogens, PCBs and heavy metals. We do this to every batch, and our batches are small, so the number of tests per gallon of product is substantially greater than typically carried out in the industry. The heavy metal levels are "not detectable" and the PCBs meet WHO .090 ppm standards, the limit to which these compounds can be measured.
Measuring nutrient levels turned out to be complicated. When you test industrial cod liver oils to which have been added synthetic vitamins A and D, you get graphs with well defined peaks, indicating the presence of vitamin A or D. But the tests for our fermented cod liver oil came back showing a jagged line, with numerous peaks, no matter which method we used, and these peaks did not always match up with synthetic control peaks. The lab technicians were as surprised as we were. Their explanation was that this natural oil contains many isomers of vitamins A and D. We have to add the peaks to get some idea of the total. We currently receive a wide range of nutrient values depending on the laboratory test method and interpretation of the analysis.
In general, the test totals are substantially higher for vitamin D than one would find in any industrialized cod liver oil. Whereas the highvitamin cod liver oil contains almost 12,000 IU vitamin A and 1200 IU vitamin D per teaspoon (five milliliters), the fermented oil contains 4,000 - 9,000 IU vitamin A per teaspoon and 3,000 - 4,000 IU vitamin D. The vitamin levels likely test lower because we are only testing for retinol and palmitate, not for all the other vitamin A isomers.
Anticipating increasingly stringent controls on supplements, we have decided to label the fermented cod liver oil as a food—which it certainly is. Thus the label will contain a suggested dose and list vitamin A as a percentage of the RDA. There will be no mention of vitamin D on the label.
The suggested dose will be 5 ml or 1 teaspoon for adults, double for pregnant and nursing women and those under stress, and half that for children. Some practitioners are giving larger doses to treat serious health problems. The experience of Dr. Rosann Volmert (see page 31) indicates that best results are obtained using a combination of fermented cod liver oil and high-vitamin butter oil—a confirmation of Dr. Price's own experience.
Since this product is a fermented one, we surmised that it would contain vitamin K2 as well as vitamins A and D. What we found was a range of quinones, which include the various forms of K2. The fermentation increases the total quinone count by 700-1600 percent compared to readings prior to the fermentation process. We have not identified the specific quinones but I suspect that the K2 category and Co-enzyme Q family will be important components within the quinone nutrients. The fermented cod liver oil tests at 4-8 mg per gram, compared to the high-vitamin butter oil at 23-25 mg per gram. Quinone testing presents a fertile field for future research.
Taking Cod Liver Oil
Most of those who have consumed the fermented cod liver oil report that it is not as fishy tasting as the industrialized varieties. However, because it is a lacto-fermented product, it can leave a slight sting on the back of the throat, which some find bothersome. It is best to take the oil mixed with a small amount of warm water, swallowing quickly. Adding something acidic such as lemon juice, apple cider vinegar or kombucha may help with the tingling at the back of the throat. Others report good results adding a little honey or maple syrup or "chasing fat with fat" by following the cod liver oil with cream, egg yolk or butter. Another way to minimize the throat tingle effect is to take it during or after a fatty breakfast.
New Products
Our current batch of fermented cod liver oil will come in plain, cinnamon and liquorice flavors, as well as in one-milliliter capsules. In the future we will offer Viking strength (unflavored), Mediterranean (garlic, oregano, pepper oil and unrefined salt), salty cod (unrefined salt) as well as a gel product in several flavors that can be eaten off a spoon. We will also offer a cod liver oil-butter oil combo in gel as well as capsules. The products will be available through Green Pasture Products and also through several distributors, including Radiant Life, Dr. Ron's UltraPure and others in the U.S., as well as in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK and the European Union.
Finally, we will be offering skate liver oil in capsules and possibly liquid. Our Russian supplier swears by the many benefits of skate oil. We are also exploring different types of packaging. Currently the products are packaged in green glass from China. We are looking into recycled PETE plastic products that do not leach oils, and which are made in the U.S. This keeps our product completely domestic and also cuts down on shipping costs.
Other products in the works: dried fish eggs and an all-natural fish sauce. It's been quite an adventure. Stay tuned!
Cod Liver Oil in Britain
"The British desperately needed not only food but cod-liver oil. They had a history of being great cod-liver oil enthusiasts. For centuries before it was refined for ingestion, a blackish residue from livers left in barrels was used as a balm, as it still is in West Africa. In the 1780's British medicine decided that cod-liver oil was a remedy for rheumatism, then a catchall diagnosis for aches and pains.
"During the nineteenth century, it was used to treat tuberculosis, malnutrition, and other poverty-related diseases. Between the wars, cod-liver oil became a major business in Hull and was used both for livestock and humans. During World War II, the British Ministry of Food, concerned about the effect of a tightened food supply on health, provided free cod-liver oil for pregnant and breast-feeding women, children under five, and adults over forty.
"School nurses forcefully administered spoonfuls of the vile-tasting liquid, while adults were often given it with orange juice. All this oil came from Iceland, where it contributed to a secondary Icelandic trade that remained and prospered after the war.
"The British government, believing that the oil had produced the healthiest children England had ever seen, despite bombings and rationing, continued the program until 1971. It was finally discontinued because people refused to take the oil. Icelanders, however, still take it, as do many Americans."
Source: Mark Kurlansky, Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World, pages 154-155.
From an 1893 Physicians' Handbook
The Cottage Physician, published 1893 was "prepared by the best physicians and surgeons of modern practice." It contains an introduction by George W. Post, AM, MD, Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois.
According to the handbook, "Cod liver oil is obtained from the livers of the common cod fish. There are three varieties according to the mode of extraction, known as pale, light brown and dark brown. . . the pale is the most palatable. . . . as a remedy for consumption and other constitutional diseases of an exhausting nature, cod liver oil takes high rank. It is really more of a food than a remedy, its power of producing fat is well known. In scrofulous diseases generally, hip joint diseases, white swelling of the knee, caries of the spine, lumbar and psoas abcesses, rickets, etc., cod liver oil will nearly always do good. It is also useful in skin diseases, some forms of eye troubles and syphilis. Young children who have grown weak from diarrhoea in summer, and who seem unable to assimilate the food given them, can often be saved by rubbing cod liver oil into their skin. The common dose of cod liver oil is from one to two tablespoons, three times daily."
Father John's Medicine
Father John O'Brien was an Irish-born priest who came to America before his ordination. He served in Virginia and Newburyport, Massachusetts before coming to the mill city of Lowell in 1848. It was the time of massive Irish immigration with each newcomer seeking employment and a new life. The good pastor understood the balance that was needed for these people who were caught between two worlds, the need to retain their own identity as Irish men and women, and that of identifying themselves as Americans. It was during his pastorship that the Irish became an active and prominent factor in Lowell's population.
Tradition has it that Father John was taken ill in 1855. He made his way to the pharmacy of Carleton and Hovey on Merrimack Street to get something for relief. He was given a tonic that was composed of cod liver oil, which had a licorice taste. Unlike many other medicines of its time, the prescription contained no alcohol. It worked so well for the priest that he began recommending folks to visit the apothecary and ask for "Father John's Medicine." From this, a legend was born.
Soon the shop was packaging the medicine for sale. Father John was given a small stipend for using his name and picture. It was agreed that anyone Father John sent to the shop personally would not have to pay for the medicine. The pastor was always looking after his flock. For many years the company was overseen by the Donehue family. The generosity of the management to its employees was well known, even so far as keeping workers long past the need to, just so an employee could have a job. Within 50 years the medicine was known far and wide. Early literature claimed it worked on "consumption, grip, croup, whooping cough, and other diseases of the throat," which it most certainly did. Pamphlets given to customers stated, "All disease is due to a run-down condition of the body, unhealthy tissue, blood poisoned with impurities, and general weakness." Guarantees were made by the manufacturer of its restorative powers. The potion was sold in numerous countries. Pharmacies built huge displays in their windows advertising the product.
The factory building was a model of production. Every process from manufacturing, to bottling, to packaging, to advertising was done in that one spot. Freight cars pulled in back of the building to ship cartons to parts unknown. A second factory was built in Montreal, Canada. In the 1970s the company was sold. The building was made into an elderly housing complex, and the product no longer made its home in Lowell. It continued to be produced by the Oakhurst Company in New York for a number of years. The brown-orange bottle with the trusting face of Father John O'Brien was a sign of assurance to people for 140 years.
Source: http://library.uml.edu/clh/Fath/Fath1.Html
Benefits of Fermented Cod Liver Oil and Butter Oil Are Many and Varied
by Rosann Volmert, DO
I am a family practice physician in Pasadena, California. I have been using Green Pasture's fermented cod liver oil and high-vitamin butter oil with my patients for only nine months now, and I have noticed dramatic results. The most dramatic of these is the effect the oils have had on lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This effect has enabled several of my patients to lower their dose of prescription medication, and hopefully eliminate it all together. In addition, I have found that patients have lost weight and lowered their blood sugars without any change in diet or activity. I have also had reports of less stiffness and pain of joints in arthritic and temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients, improvement in eczema, elevated mood in depressed patients, lessening of symptoms of PMS and increased energy and overall well being. I have a very small practice so these testaments are drawn from a few patients here and there, but they are indicative of tremendous benefits for a large number of people.
All of this has really illustrated for me the huge nutritional deficiency people have been suffering from due to a fear of cholesterol. For many years now a fear of cholesterol-containing foods has kept people from consuming healthy amounts of butter, eggs, cheese, milk, animal fats and many other foods rich in nutritious fats and fat-soluble vitamins. It is no wonder that the vitamin D level is pitifully low in 95 percent of my patients. Due to continued bias against cholesterol-rich foods, I am at times unable to convince my patients to eat more of these foods. However, I have been successful in getting them to take the Green Pasture's oils. This is mainly because they are easy to take, and only small amounts are needed. Using these products has enabled me to give back to my patients the fat-soluble nutrients their bodies have been lacking for some time now, and they are feeling better for it.
Because Green Pasture's fermented cod liver oils and butter oils contain such a wide variety and potency of fat-soluble nutrients, they not only enhance my patients' lives, but simplify them as well. Patients are able to take much less cod liver oil than with their old brand and eliminate the need for additional supplements, which are lacking in other brands. (I recommend 3 ml or 3/4 teaspoon fermented cod liver oil and 2.5 ml or 1/2 teaspoon butter oil.) When I introduce them to the oils, I ask them to bring in all the supplements they are taking. I show them that with taking this oil combo they can eliminate one-half to two-thirds of their other supplements, and sometimes all of them. Often my patients are taking so many different types of synthetic vitamins, they literally walk in with a big box full of them. The reason they are taking so many is because each bottle usually contains only one or maybe a couple types of synthetic vitamins or nutrients. Obtaining nutrients through natural food sources allows them a more potent and broader range of nutrition, thus eliminating the need for boxes of bottles and huge dosing.
One of the nutrients found in cod liver oil is vitamin D. I found that it took just 2,800 IU of the vitamin D contained in Green Pasture's fermented cod liver oil in combination with the butter oil to raise one patient's serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level from 12.6 ng/ml to 82.3 ng/ml in just three months. According to the guidelines for supplementing synthetic vitamin D3 it would have taken 7,000 IU to achieve this and without all the benefits of the many other fat-soluble nutrients found in these oils. What a testament to the power of nutrients in their natural form!
I am finding similar results in other patients. Several have raised their vitamin D levels from the teens or low twenties into the forties within several months using the combination of fermented cod liver oil and high-vitamin butter oil alone, in easy-to-take capsule form, and without any other vitamin D supplementation. Since the patients are also getting substantial amounts of vitamin A with this regimen, it is difficult to conclude that vitamin A interferes with vitamin D assimilation as critics of cod liver oil have claimed.
What About Fish and Krill Oils?
Fish oil and krill oil, sold as supplements to provide omega-3 fatty acids, are by-products of the fish and krill meal industries. They are produced in large factories humming with the noise of conveyer belts, grinders, separators, extractors and dryers. We provide two descriptions of fish oil manufacture and one of krill oil manufacture, and let our readers decide whether or not they want to consume these products. Remember that omega-3 fatty acids are very fragile and highly subject to damage when exposed to heat and oxygen.
FISH OIL MANUFACTURE, METHOD ONE: "The bulk of the world's fish meal and oil is today manufactured by the wet pressing method. The main steps of the process are cooking for coagulation of the protein thereby liberating bound water and oil, separation by pressing of the coagulate yielding a solid phase (presscake) containing 60-80% of the oil-free dry matter (protein, bones) and oil, and a liquid phase (press liquor) containing water and the rest of the solids (oil, dissolved and suspended protein, vitamins and minerals). The main part of the sludge in the press liquor is removed by centrifugation in a decanter and the oil is subsequently removed by centrifuge. The stickwater is concentrated in multi-effect evaporators and the concentrate is thoroughly mixed with the presscake, which is then dehydrated usually by two-stage drying. The dried material is milled and stored in bags or in bulk. The oil is stored in tanks. . . . An important prerequisite for efficient [oil] separation is high temperature, implying that the press liquor should be reheated to 90°-95°C before entering the centrifuges. This applies to sludge removal as well as to separation of oil and water. . . Oil polishing, carried out in special separators, is the final refining step done at the factory before the oil is pumped into storage. Polishing is facilitated by using hot water, which extracts impurities from the oil and thus ensures stability during storage. . . . good temperature control is required; the temperature of the feed should be maintained at about 95°C, but not less than 90°C" (The Production of Fish Meal and Oil, http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X6899E/X6899E00.HTM).
FISH OIL MANUFACTURE, METHOD TWO (We are not making this up!): "Phospholipid-deprived fish oil is obtained by mixing fish oil with water and a monosodium glutamate (MSG) by-product with stirring, fermenting the mixture in the presence of urea, processing the mixture with steam, and centrifuging the mixture to separate water and phospholipids from the fish oil. Further steps are neutralizing the separated fish oil with NaOH [caustic lye], washing and drying the washed fish oil in vacuum; mixing the dehydrated fish oil with powders of earthworm excrement, subjecting the mixture to reaction at least 30 °C or higher for 0.5-1 hour, bleaching the fish oil absorbed into the earthworm excrement powders by use of activated clay, and filtering the bleached fish oil through a filter, and deodorizing the bleached and filtered fish oil under a steam atmosphere in a high vacuum, deodorizing apparatus, cooling and filtering the fish oil and packaging it into a closed vessel. The refined fish oil is significantly improved in acid value and peroxide value" (Method for Manufacturing Refined Fish Oil, http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2001042403).
KRILL OIL MANUFACTURE: Frozen Antarctic krill are crushed and the lipids and proteins are extracted using acetone. Following extraction, the krill proteins and lipids are filtered through an organic solvent-resistant filter under reduced pressure to enable physical separation of lipids and proteins. Excess acetone is evaporated and water is separated from the oil. The oil is subjected to additional filtration and purification to remove impurities and is packaged in a modified nitrogen-containing atmosphere and stored. The notifier provides product specifications for krill oil, including specifications for fatty acids, total phospholipids, esterified astaxanthin, saturated fatty acids, and trans-fat (<0.1 percent). Specifications also include limits on residual acetone (<10 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), lead (<0.1 mg/kg), mercury (<0.1
Some Cod Liver Oil Testimonials
After about two weeks taking a one-half teaspoon high vitamin cod liver oil I noticed that my hands were not cracked anymore. I have had dry skin my whole life and in winter they will crack and bleed. My mother is 99 years old and has had skin cancer on her forehead. They have burned it off several times but it always bleeds and never really healed. I got her to take the cod liver oil so she wouldn't get a cold. Incredibly, her forehead has now healed up. -WL
Since I started using fermented cod liver oil in my naturopathic practice, I have two completely resolved cases of endometriosis, women experiencing pain-free periods for the first time in their lives, surprisingly within two or three weeks of starting the fermented cod liver oil at a dose of 5 ml per day. Up to this point in my six-year career, I had yet to have any luck whatsoever when it came to endometriosis. I have another very complicated case of endometriosis combined with Wolf-Parkinson's-White-like heart problems and this particular woman experienced twelve to fifteen days of excruciating pain monthly related to the endometriosis. Within six weeks of starting the fermented cod liver oil she is down to three days of pain per month, which she is thrilled about. While her WPW symptoms persist, her endometriosis symptoms are all but a thing of the past. Again, I put her on a dose of 5 ml per day. I have another patient who came to me, a mother in her thirties, who was experiencing hair thinning and had not had a period in over nine months for no apparent reason. Within three weeks of starting the fermented cod liver oil, she had a period again. -Laura Margaritis, ND, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
I have a handful of clients that I have on high vitamin or fermented cod liver oil and when they stop taking it, they have discomfort and pain rather quickly in their arthritic areas, not to mention a return of depression and mood problems. They tell me they won't give up cod liver oil no matter what anyone says to them. . . our bodies don't lie. -Anabela Bacchione
I have been using fermented cod liver oil for about eighteen months. I have been checking my vitamin D levels over the last four years and this year I went from 37 to 48, whereas the three years previous I went from 16 to 26 (ten points total, for the three years). During those years I was taking vitamin D in doses from 10,000 to 50,000 IU. The only thing I can attribute the increase to is the fermented cod liver oil. I also have a few customers who swear that the cod liver oil wards off depression, especially in the winter (Minnesota). -BS
We've been using high-vitamin cod liver oil and the butter oil for the Weston Price protocol for several years. The biggest changes reported have been improved muscle strength, stamina and immunity. I have also noted improved moods in my family—they are less irritable. I also feel the Weston Price protocol, including bone broths, raw goat milk kefir, etc., helped save my mother's life when she was stricken with severe sepsis several years ago. The frequent drops of cod liver oil and butter oil appeared to increase her strength and improve her ability to absorb and utilize her food. -LH
One of my patients, an active but hobbled sixty-five-year-old female, kept complaining of joint pain and stiffness for the past year. Our chiropractic work did wonders to keep her feeling quite well and able to maintain a busy schedule as well as go skiing in Colorado, but she would always return with the same old complaints. After two months on the high vitamin cod liver oil, her complaints of joint pain were gone! -Michael J. Kudlas, DC, MA, MEd
My son's acne completely cleared up and he is so happy on cod liver oil that it is the one thing he will consistently take. Also he noticed that his seasonal affective disorder was much better last winter taking the cod liver oil (for his skin) and his grades and general energy were markedly improved over previous winters when he didn't take it. -Megan McCoy, MD
At eight months, my one-hundred-percent breast fed daughter had a bad case of eczema and an allergy to egg whites. We tried everything (different soaps, oils, creams etc.) to get rid of the eczema and nothing worked till our homeopathic pediatrician told us to give her 1-2 ml of high-vitamin cod liver oil along with high-vitamin butter oil every day, as well as a teaspoon of coconut oil. Today she is a happy healthy two-year-old who takes 1-2 ml cod liver oil almost every day. She has perfect skin and her allergy to egg whites is gone as well. Her amazing recovery from the eczema and egg allergy inspired me to go back to school and become certified as a nutritional therapy practitioner. Our whole family of five has been taking 1-2 ml of high-vitamin cod liver oil for the past two years. We are all healthy and happy. The children, ages two, four and six, have never had a cavity and are noticeably healthier than the majority of their friends. -Shelley Ballantyne, NTP
I am writing for myself and my family with all the changes which have taken place after the consumption of high-vitamin butter oil and cod liver oil and all good fats. First, I was deeply ill, with many local doctors diagnosing me with severe depression and anxiety. I was unable to sleep, digest or eliminate foods in a healthy way; I could not work or take care of myself at all. I was unable to do simple tasks like do the wash or button a shirt, for my coordination was impaired. I would trip often and could not finish a thought or sentence. I was severely paranoid of all things and people. With many medicines, my symptoms became even more severe and intense. I was scared to death, along with my family! I became very suicidal. I should explain that previously I was in the hair salon business and was quite successful, but using many chemicals all day long, five days a week. My diet was filled with wrong foods. I was taking care of a very sick family member daily. Thanks to Dr. Roy Ozanne I learned about good fats and fermented foods. With his help I eliminated all sugars, caffeine, alcohol, white flour, etc., but more importantly, I added cod liver oil and butter oil. Over the course of two years, my body healed itself. I am now able to communicate with all, I am motivated, and I am back to work (not in the hair business!). My children on this diet report that they are able to focus much better than they used to. -LMP
In our clinic we've used Premier Natural Cod liver oil for about five or six years with great success. Our babies born to patients of the clinic in many cases have facial structures Weston Price found in his travels of traditional cultures. They have broad jaws, ears with unattached, slightly enlongated lobes, and have great emotional dispositions. Many sleep through the night at a fairly early age, and developmentally are either early or right on target. Many parents have reported that their children do well academically and conditions such as allergies, behavioral disorders are markedly absent in these children. All our patients take two capsules pre-pregnancy and continue this during pregnancy and during lactation along with a diet that includes Chinese medical theories and Weston A. Price principles. In addition, half of those patients also take butter oil pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy and lactation. Adult patients with anxiety or depressive disorders do extremely well with our treatments which, of course, include cod liver oil. -Dagmar Ehling , MAc, LAc, DOM(NM), Dipl OM, FABORM
I have had chronic fatigue syndrome for over seventeen years. At first, when I took the fermented cod liver oil, it gave me a headache so I stopped taking it. After I had the flu awhile back, I was left with a symptom where I could not lie down without feeling like I was smothering, even though I could breathe fine. This was accompanied by deep anxiety. The doctor suggested I had a classic symptom of congestive heart failure and suggested an angiogram, but that wasn't really an option for me because I have terrible reactions to drugs. Meanwhile, I found out I had low vitamin D levels (I live north of Seattle, WA) and learned that low vitamin D can cause heart problems. I started taking vitamin D3 and it helped a bit but I kept needing more to keep the awful smothering symptom away. I was up to 6,000 IU per day of D3 but kept feeling colder and colder and sleeping more fitfully. Finally, I got to the point where I didn't sleep all night and I knew it was the vitamin D keeping me awake. Fortunately, I had just bought some raw Jersey milk for my husband—not for myself because I thought milk didn't agree with me, but I tasted his and decided to have a glass of my own because it was so good. It calmed my nerves and I was able to sleep. Then I decided to try taking the fermented cod liver oil again because I knew I needed to get vitamin D somehow. The first dose did give me a headache for a short time, but I felt some well being afterwards. So for the past nine days I've been drinking three glasses of raw milk per day with no digestive upset and taking one to one and one-half teaspoons fermented cod liver oil daily. Pain and inflammation seem to be subsiding, my energy is improving, the constant feeling of heat and pressure in my head is gone, and I am so amazed and grateful that the awful smothering feeling is quickly becoming a bad memory. As an added bonus, I no longer feel bothered at all by the gray Pacific Northwest winter days. Given the improvement I have experienced in just a few days, I'm looking forward to seeing what happens as this winter progresses and I keep taking cod liver oil and drinking raw creamy milk! -JI
Finally my vitamin D test results are back, and my vitamin D level has risen from 39 to 46 after taking two bottles of the fermented cod liver oil. Previously I had taken the regular high-vitamin cod liver oil for a year and my vitamin D level stayed at 39 before and after. -SH
I come from a family that suffers from arthritis so was concerned when I developed stiff hands and knees in my mid forties. Several months after taking high-vitamin cod liver oil and high-vitamin butter oil, the stiffness disappeared, never to return. -SM
Since taking fermented cod liver oil, my libido has returned (after three years' absence), and my periods are not painful now. My hands no longer ache as they did and my skin is clearer. My daughter's fungal rash went away within a couple of weeks after she began taking it. -LM
This article appeared in Wise Traditions in Food, Farming and the Healing Arts, the quarterly magazine of the Weston A. Price Foundation, Spring 2009.
About the Author
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Comments (18)
Please keep in Glass
written by Caroline L, Jul 25 2013
Just wanted to refer to the bit about possibly switching to plastic packaging to keep company entirely US based. Please keep in glass to ensure the health of the product and the consumer. I would be quite sad to see it in anything else.
written by NITIN SINGHAL, Jul 13 2013
Great article...I live in India....I get nothing except seven seas cod liver oil.It seems to be a very commercial product with no benefits what so ever.I wonder which multinationals product to use..
written by krolls, Jun 28 2013
a good place to buy some is gapsdiet website, then just go to store section, they have blue ice femented cod liver
Where to buy Green Pastures Fermented Cod Liver oil/Butter oil locally?
written by Esther, Nov 14 2012
I was wondering if you knew where to get this locally out here in Pasadena rather then placing an online order to Green Pastures directly.
written by Madharan, Aug 07 2012
Question: How much of alcohol is found in fermented cod liver oil? Even if it is found in small quantities, has research been done to check on its negative effects on those who have impaired liver function, eg cirrhosis?
Reply to Yvonne Beran
written by tjboyd, Jul 27 2012
Molecular distillation is less destructive of vitamins A & D but it is still not ideal. More details are explained in http://www.westonaprice.org/co...ufacturing
Cod Liver Oil Manufacture: Molecular Distillation
written by Yvonne Beran, Jul 26 2012
I have been using "Liquid Norwegian CLO", which claims to be a "molecularly distilled deep sea fish oil". How does this method compare/fit in with the processes mentioned in David Wetzel's article of April 30, 2009, please?
Many thanks.
Reply to Emily
written by tjboyd, Jul 24 2012
The amount of vitamin D in Garden of Life CLO has changed over the years from OK to not OK to OK the last time we looked. If the ratio of vitamin A to D is 10 to 1 then it is OK.
Garden of Life CLO
written by Emily, Jul 24 2012
I have been taking Garden of Life's Old World Style Cod Liver Oil for years now. What is your opinion on this product?
written by anna, Jan 25 2012
Hi, if one is allergic to dairy and sensitive to beef would the butter be a bad idea?
The Answers to many of your posted comments/ Questions
written by Adriana, Nov 30 2011
written by laverne green aug.29 2011
written by LaVerne L. Green , Aug 29 2011
I would like to know were the get the cod liver oil and the butter oil. If you are eating butter from the cream on raw milk, Would this be butter oil that you are talking about thank you.
oxidized omega 3 in Fermented Cod liver oil?
written by Martin Skanborg, Jan 13 2011
Hi, I just saw this article. Do you know this guy and what are your opinion on the topic?
He almost stats that ALL omega 3 and fish oils become oxidized very fast!
Hope that you could comment on that?
Thanks for a great website!
Regards Martin
written by MICHEL DUMESTRE, Oct 20 2010
You can read on this page a comment of mine.
I am still waiting for your answer.
I need your CLO quite quick, cause the opening of my website will be on december 10th.
Best regards
Michel DUMESTRE
written by michel DUMESTRE, Oct 05 2010
As a naturopath, I am a long way friend of the W.P.Foundation; I enjoy the nutritional facts exposed in this website, and I agree; I am writing a book ready to be published in the begining of 2011 upon traditional nutritional solutions.
France has becomed too much veggie, and they suffer from a so poor nutrition, without lipid ,raw milk etc. There is an enormous job to be done!
In november 2010, in a few days, I will open my informational & commercial web site: michel dumestre.com.
I will give with videos and writings explainations about,cholesterol,salt, meat, lipids, raw milk etc.
I will sale: coconut oil, coconut sugar, coconut flour, & coconut water.
As well as Atlantic raw sea salt (sel de Guérande), organic silicium, vitamine C.
I urgently need CLO from you to be sale as exclusive in France & Spain.
Would you be kind enought to get in touch with me as soon as possible.
For more information, I am suppose to translate and may be to publish M.Kaalya's book here, in french (Iam still waiting for an answer from his agent).
I will propose on this web site adress where to find raw milk, organic meat, etc.
I would love to become one of your partner in Europe, as I am (just put my name in Google) a known naturopath, working in the same way Dr W.Price opened.
Best regards
where to buy cod liver oil
written by Carolyn Graff, Jul 23 2010
sources are listed here
written by Alina, Apr 15 2010
I was also wondering where can I buy the Blue Ice cod liver oil. I have googled and found nothing. I am in Toronto, Ontario.
Thank you.
written by Michael Cook, Mar 20 2010
Could you please send me more information on cod liver oil and where to buy such products i.e. micron-filtered cod liver oil, and cod liver oil and butter oil.
Thank You.
Write comment
|Last Updated on Friday, 30 March 2012 19:39


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Agtrix is an innovative Australian company providing sophisticated technology solutions for the agricultural sector.
We develop spatially enabled systems that improve harvest management and make your supply chain more efficient. Our products take the guesswork out of recording and reporting farm activity, enabling you to meet compliance requirements with better accuracy, using less resources.
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14-03-2014 Hits:83 Recent Posts beneditor
Ensuring we continue on our path of delivering innovative systems, Agtrix is currently developing and testing tools to meet our mobile technology goals. The development encompasses two major releases. Already...Read more
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In May and June 2014 the Agtrix team will be implementing its entire Transport Suite at the Illovo Sugar Mill in Malawi. Illovo are adopting Agtrix' Traffic Scheduler, Loading Zone...Read more
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In February 2014, Agtrix successfully implemented a new online system (AgDat) for the Banana industry. This was Phase 1 of a project to monitor production practices and to facilitate industry...Read more
28-08-2013 Hits:654 Recent Posts The Editor
The following article posted on the ABC Rural News website. UNE smart farming through the use of Taggle ear tags and the Agtrix AGDAT web system. Please follow this linkRead more
21-08-2013 Hits:692 Recent Posts The Editor
Agtrix has particpated in a BBIFMAC (Burdekin Bowen Integrated Floodplain Management Advisory Committee Inc) project. Mr Tom McShane, BBIFMAC manager, comments on the usefulness of this project: "A Sub Catchment Adaptive...Read more
21-08-2013 Hits:653 Recent Posts The Editor
Robert Crossley, managing director of Agtrix, is visiting Leeton in the Riverina region of NSW, part of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, to view rice growing activities. SunRice is using the AGDAT...Read more
08-07-2013 Hits:2496 Recent Posts Super User
Congrats again to Adam Hansen for his 3rd place in the 18thStage of the Tour of Spain (La Vuelta a España). Looks like he will again complete all 3 grand tours in...Read more
08-07-2013 Hits:6315 Recent Posts Super User
Robert Crossley gave a demonstration of AgDat's capabilities to members of Natural Resources Management Boards of South Australia in May. The demonstration was very well received with positive feedback from...Read more
08-07-2013 Hits:3484 Recent Posts Super User
We're constantly looking for new innovative solutions that reduce cost and complexity for our clients, and improve the reliability of our technologies. We are pleased to announce a new integrated...Read more
Agtrix has commenced work with SunRice, Australia's primary exporter of rice and one of the largest rice food companies in the world. Agtrix will provide AgDat to enable SunRice's growers…
The New South Wales Sugar Milling Co-operative (NSWSMC) has set benchmarks in harvest and supply chain management, using technology developed by Agtrix over the past 9 years. Harvesting up to 2.4...Read more
Agtrix has made it easy for organisations to map and collect base data about farms, paddocks and crops. While this is useful as a communication tool with the growers, the...Read more
Transport scheduling technology developed by Agtrix has cut turnaround times at a South African mill by almost 70 percent, saving $1.5 million. Mill stops at the Darnall sugar mill have also...Read more
Agtrix makes it easy to assess, report and improve your sustainable farming activities using our leading spatially enabled software solution. Using AgDat technology, we can prepare reports that demonstrate how...Read more
AgDat Harvest was developed by Agtrix to monitor harvest progress and crop performance throughout a harvest season. AgDat Harvest can: Track the progress of your harvest with an easy-to-use mapping interface. Integrate...Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Hands-On With the Portable and Flexible Canon PowerShot N
Canon's attention grabber at this year's CES 2013 is a new compact camera designed to fight against the encroachment of smartphones: the PowerShot N.
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Taking the Leap
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A young potential convert seeks advice from a seasoned Free Software advocate.
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An Even Smaller Raspberry Pi
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Narrow your search
Recalls have made big news in recent years whether it's Ford and Firestone, Toyota or GM's recent troubles. But what are behind recalls and what do they really mean? CNET's Brian Cooley explains.
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Koenigssegg, maker of very rare, very fast cars brought out a new model at the 2014 Geneva auto show: the One:1, a miracle of engineering.
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Google wants to take over your motor with a federation of carmakers who want your Android phone to work better with their four-wheeled products.
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Fisker Automotive, the company behind the Fisker Karma electric vehicle, unveils its newest model, the Atlantic, which is priced and classed as a competitor to the Chevy Volt and possibly the Nissan Leaf.


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1510 Grand Ave, San Marcos, CA | Directions 92078-240833.144621 -117.196292
M-F 8am-5pm
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Trisha in Kannada remake of 'Dookudu'
Chennai, Dec 11 : Southern actress Trisha Krishnan, who has predominantly worked in Telugu and Tamil films, is making her Kannada movie debut. She will be seen in yet-untitled Kannada remake of Telugu blockbuster "Dookudu".
"We have zeroed in on Trisha for the leading lady's role. I have seen her work and since she hasn't worked in Kannada film industry so far, I was even more interested to cast her. She instantly agreed to be a part of the film when I approached her," the film's director Madesh told IANS.
Mahesh Babu-starrer "Dookudu" catapulted the image of Samantha Ruth Prabhu, and Madesh hopes that the same happens for Trisha with the remake.
"I'm hoping that with this role, Trisha will find a strong foothold in Kannada industry as well. Our audiences are quite familiar with Trisha's work as most of her films from other languages have released here and have been appreciated," he said.
Trisha is paired with superstar Puneeth Rajkumar in the remake, which will also introduce composer S.S. Thaman, who composed the tunes for "Dookudu", to Kannada film industry.
Meanwhile, Trisha is awaiting the release of Tamil thriller Boologam and Telugu romantic drama "RUM".
--IANS (Posted on 12-12-2013)
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Your Tech Questions Answered
Jp's Opinion Angle
I am going to be installing a Wagoneer Dana 44 front axle and a Honda Passport Dana 44 rear axle in my '91 YJ. My question is, how do you determine the angle of the rear axle? The Rough Country lift that I will be installing already has angle shims attached to the springs, but I will need to weld perches on the axles and would like to know how to set the angles. I am also installing a Rugged Ridge slip yoke eliminator.
Craig Warner
Mason City, IA
Assuming your slip yoke eliminator will require a double cardan (or CV) rear drive-shaft, you basically want the pinion of the rear axle aimed just about 1-degree under the driveshaft angle. That will compensate for pinion climb under acceleration and should place the pinion directly in line with the rear driveshaft. If you're not using a CV rear shaft, match the pinion angle to the angle of the T-case rear output yoke.
To set the pinion angle, assemble the new axle on the new spring perches and leaf springs (without the shims) mounted to the Jeep with the shackles you plan on using. Longer or shorter shackles will change the pinion angle a little. Center the axle under the Jeep side-to-side and tighten the U-bolts just enough to keep everything in place. To set the pinion angle, allow the full weight of the vehicle to rest on the tires and bounce the suspension a couple times to get it to settle. Then, use a floor jack to move the pinion up or a rubber hammer to move the pinion down. The U-bolts need to be tight enough to support the Jeep but loose enough for you to be able to rotate the axle. Basically you want an imaginary line passing through the axis of the rear pinion (or perpendicular to the axis of the axle u-joint) to be aimed one to two degrees below directly at the rear output of the T-case. Once you have set this angle you can check to see that the axle is still centered and then tack weld the new spring perches to the axle. Then, support the Jeep and disassemble the suspension enough so you can finish welding the perches to the axle. Once driving, as you accelerate your Jeep the pinion will go up a degree or two and should be just about perfectly in line with the rear of the transfer case and thus vibration free.
I Have a Gas Problem
If I remove the catalytic converter from my '97 Wrangler and install a test pipe, what effect would I have on the engine's performance? And, would I have any warning lights on the dash as the catalytic converter has an O2 sensor attached?
Via jpmagazine.com
If you remove an O2 sensor your Jeeps OBDII system will throw a code, and your engine may suffer from a loss of performance and mileage since the engine's computer gets info on how to run from the exhaust gasses. Ew! Removal of a catalytic converter from your exhaust system may allow a tiny increase in horsepower at the top of your engine's rpm range, but it will also probably cause a drop in your max torque at a lower RPMs (which is generally more important than high rpm horsepower to a Jeep being used off-road, or driven on-road the way most people drive on the road). This loss in torque will probably be more noticeable than any gain in high-RPM horsepower). Modern catalytic converters actually flow pretty well and don't really limit power through the rpm range that much.
I wouldn't remove it if I were you. If not just for the reasons above, it is also illegal in many areas around the U.S. and can carry stiff fines if you are caught. It also can make selling your vehicle more difficult, as the new owner won't want to have to pay for the cat to be replaced or worry about any emissions standards they may have to meet.
If it is rattling, then it may need to be replaced, in which case you can either have it replaced at an exhaust shop or do it yourself if you are experienced with exhaust work. You can get a new replacement cat for your Jeep for $100 to $250. These will either be weld-in, clamp-in, or maybe bolt-in.


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I have recently bought a piece of property on the lake, and want to use it for recreation with my travel trailer.
There was previously a mobile homes on the property that was connected to a septic system.
I have dug around the existing drain line, about 18 inches "up from" the septic tank. It looks like 5 inch PVC. This is right at the clean-out.
I want to cut the "PVC line" in half, abandoning the old pipe, then, install a 45 deg fitting and run up hill to the level spot where my travel trailer is located.
Are the lines PVC? Do I use the same glue that I used to do some presure water work under my house?
When I cut the 5 inch PVC line, will septic leak out?


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Some gynecological cancers can be detected in the early stages, while others, like ovarian, are often not detected until they are in a more advanced stage.
The symptoms are not always obvious for several different types of gynecological cancers that affect the cervix, ovaries, vulva, vagina, and uterus.
While the symptoms of gynecological cancers are not always obvious, there are a several ways of discovering if you are at risk of getting certain gynecological cancers.
As a general rule, you should consult with a physician if you have any abnormal bleeding, pain in the abdominal or pelvic areas, or unusual discharges. Post-menopausal woman who experience any abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting should be evaluated immediately as this could be an indicator for endometrial cancer.
Ovarian cancer symptoms can be vague and increase over time. If you have symptoms of abdominal bloating, pelvic pain or discomfort, a feeling of fullness quickly after eating, unexplained weight gain or weight loss, changes in bowel habits or a frequency of urination for more than two weeks, consult your physician. Early detection increases survival and cure. A Pap test does not detect ovarian cancer.
The human papillomavirus (HPV), which is passed through sexual contact, is the cause for most cervical cancers. Most women who have HPV infections never know it. This is one reason we recommend regular Pap tests. Recently, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists revised the guidelines for Pap tests. Please discuss with your physician how the revised guidelines may apply to you.
Between 10-20 percent of ovarian cancer cases do have a genetic predisposition. A breast cancer gene (BRCA) creates a link between breast and ovarian cancers and is responsible for this predisposition. If someone in your family had ovarian cancer before reaching menopause or if you have multiple family members with breast cancer, you should speak with your physician about participating in John Muir Health's genetic counseling and testing program.
Women who have inherited a genetic mutation known as Lynch Syndrome have an 80% lifetime risk of getting endometrial cancer. Again, it is important to speak with your physician about your family history to see if it makes sense to undergo a more in-depth evaluation with our genetic experts.
Learn about gynecological cancer diagnosis


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About Traveller800
Is it wrong that I think that Tacocopters sound F***ING AWESOME?
agreed...though he isn't representing the film (its not listed).
Mike...here's a troll test. Email your colleagues in the other news sites that covered this story...and see if they got an email as well...it'll almost certainly be copy-pasted except for the name of the site/paper receiving it.
Not to mention the said lawyer doesn;t have the may, mother of christ' movie listed.
This is clearly a feeble scare tactics. As some of the other sites that covered this story and I bet you they got a copy/pasted version of the email addressed to them.
agreed...no lawyer, except maybe an MPAA lawyer who would clearly not have experience with computers and emails, would misspell a legal email so badly. It looks like a 6 year old typed it.
Ah...I was wondering when a troll would turn up.
I agree with you, Zakida...however, I don;t think its deserving of an arrest and possible jail time. The people being arrested probably were tweeting support for this woman to help her cope with the pain of what she has gone through.
Yes, they should not have mentioned this ladies name...should they be thrown in jail for it? No...maybe a fine or a warning...but not jail.
oh...so you're a troll AND a racist against canadians.
he has a point though...the MPAA and I.C.E's answer IS to simply shut down websites left, right and center...and to extridite foreign tudents on jumped up charges to face 10 years IN A HIGH SECURITY PRISON!!!
you don't happen to work for Chris Dodd and support SOP, do you?
and my lazor
Looks like Quinn Emanuel smell the crap the US government are shovelling as one of the hyperlinks in thisn article linked toa rebuttel from their law firm http://www.scribd.com/doc/89119449/Rebuttal-to-Motion-for-Limited-Leave
Its nice to see lawyers realising what a sham this trial is turning into.
wrong backroom...
You forget, Mike. If there is anything SOPA proved is that many people in congress have a lower IQ then a half-brick and live in the magical world of MPAA.
Of course they think their microscopic brains thin that the FTC can do something
example: Chris dodd
my bad
remember though...you're saying this to the MPAA and RIAA...Logic is not welcome on their planet
and how much does it cost to program region lock into websites or DVD's?
The money they would get back from just not dong region lock and letting people buy the bloody things would far outweight the cost of making stuff universal.
shh...they might be listening
dude...your 'translation' arguement offends my brain. I LIVE IN THE BLOODY UK TRYING TO GET A US SHOW!!!!! Where the hell is the translation?
maybe a magic 8-ball...or Chris dodd


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With all of the local music and sports talent from our area comes some national outdoors recognition. The History channel's "Swamp People" has now added two local men to their team. The new season of the highly popular, nationally aired program about people that follow traditional means in order to work outdoors begins on Feb. 14. It will be shown each Thursday at 8 p.m.
Fishing in February can be iffy at best. Since the wind, weather and water temperatures fluctuate greatly, it is difficult to learn a feeding pattern. There are some days that make trying to go fishing too dangerous. Lighting and high winds in the 25 mph plus zone along with torrential rain make for those types of days. Other than that, there is some really good fish catching available where the weather is less of a deterrent.
So when do folks quit going fishing? They don't! Although most of the anglers are also hunters, there is no reason to overlook some great cold weather fishing. Even back during deer season, many deer hunters, especially in the Hill Country and in West Texas, were privileged to have access to stock tanks. There are also rivers and streams that meander near to or on their hunting grounds. The majority of ranchers that I've talked to about fishing in their tanks are super agreeable.
Beaumont/Port Arthur
While we harbor no disrespect for the Wall Street Journal who called us "that scrappy little paper from Southeast Texas," we prefer to think of ourselves as simple seekers of the truth. We're of the opinion that headlines and sound bites never tell the whole story. Our readers demand all the facts, facets and flavors of every story or event. And, they expect to be informed, educated and stirred to action.
For this week's New York Times crossword puzzle, pick up a copy of this week's The Examiner on newsstands now.


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Tyler Smith!
Thursday night's NBA Draft featured what was probably the most ridiculous second round anyone could have ever predicted. Not only were there players that were picked way too high or way too low, but it was just a really confusing second round. Expanding to a third round. Does it sound ridiculous due to all of the penny-pinching teams are currently involved in anyway? Yes.
Andy Rautins gets drafted, Matthew Wright is a Bonnie, the Energy, Titans and more in today's Canadian Content.
Ryan Richards, Latavious Williams, Tyren Johnson, Jeremy Wise, Odinma Odiakosa profiles for the 2010 NBA Draft.
With the thirtieth overall pick in the 2010 SB Nation NBA Mock Draft, the Washington Wizards will select Trevor Booker, power forward, Clemson Tigers.
It's the Atlanta Hawks NBA Draft Day/Night Open Thread! Come on board and comment all day long about what you want the Hawks to do and then stay here throughout the draft night (Draft begins at 7pm EST, ESPN) as all the teams in the NBA make their selections leading up to the Hawks pick at #24 and beyond.
Happy NBA Draft morning, y'all. It's like Christmas, only we don't get presents. Actually, we do get presents, but they come in the form of handy 140-character Tweets that report everything under the sun. The presents we've been getting this week aren't as sweet as the morning I woke up with a neatly-wrapped Furby, but at least they're giving us somethin' to talk about.
With the twenty-ninth overall pick in the 2010 SB Nation NBA Mock Draft, the Orlando Magic will select Greivis Vasquez, point guard, Maryland Terrapins.
The 2010 SB Nation NBA Mock Draft is still(!) underway, with each SB Nation blogger making selections for their respective teams. With the twenty-sixth overall pick in the 2010 SB Nation NBA Mock Draft, the Oklahoma City Thunder will select Willie Warren, guard, Oklahoma Sooners.
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Catch shows with Jim Turner's takes on life with diabetes, stories from real people with diabetes just like you, and cooking tips from the dLife Kitchen.
April 13, 2014
Ben Gray shares a day in his diabetes life; from the dLife kitchen, a warm soup perfect for cold days — winter squash soup; Jim Turner teaches us the language of diabetes; and dLife visits an animal clinic to learn more about pets with diabetes.
April 6, 2014
Dr. Stuart Weiss delves into the technology behind the latest diabetes meter devices; Jim Turner acts out one viewer's balcony mishap in Jim Turner's Diabetes Theatre and Lorena Drago takes us shopping for Hispanic food specialties that can help with blood glucose management.
March 30, 2014
Guitar rock legend Leslie West shares his struggles with diabetes; dLife profiles world-renowned street artist Shepherd Fairey; and Jim Turner returns with more man on the street interviews.
March 23, 2014
Meet Charlie O'Connell, a person with type 1 who has devoted his life to helping others achieve their fitness goals; From the dLife Kitchen, Chef Michel Nischan shares a delicious dish – Creole vegetables and chicken; Jim Turner takes us down memory lane as he revisits the day of his diabetes diagnosis; Jonny White shows us real people overcoming diabetes limitations.
March 16, 2014
Professional snowboarder Sean Busby teaches smart diabetes on the slopes; from the dLife kitchen, a low carb comfort food classic — chili; plus, Jim Turner examines the wild world of competitive eating; and Kimberly Ross, founder of SafeSittings, shares solutions on the challenges of babysitting and diabetes.
Jackie Robinson Part 1
The life and legacy of Jackie Robinson. who shattered baseball records and racial barriers, but struggled against diabetes.
Scallops and Edamame
Chef Michel Nischan makes a romantic, diabetes-friendly meal.
Diabetes Police
Jim Turner takes an arresting look at the diabetes police.
Gregory King
dLife community member Gregory King talks about type 1 diabetes, control, and complications.
Working Out With a Disability
Charlie O'Connell of FitScript works with diabetes patient James Butte to overcome the challenges of exercising with a disability.
Visit us at dLife.com
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Lonesome Dove
- 1award
- customer reviews
Lonesome Dove, by Larry McMurtry, the author of Terms of Endearment, is his long-awaited masterpiece, the major novel at last of the American West as it really was.
A love story, an adventure, an American epic, Lonesome Dove embraces all the West -- legend and fact, heroes and outlaws, whores and ladies, Indians and settiers -- in a novel that recreates the central American experience, the most enduring of our national myths.
Set in the late nineteenth century, Lonesome Dove is the story of a cattle drive from Texas to Montana -- and much more. It is a drive that represents for everybody involved not only a daring, even a foolhardy, adventure, but a part of the American Dream -- the attempt to carve out of the last remaining wilderness a new life.
Augustus McCrae and W. F. Call are former Texas Rangers, partners and friends who have shared hardship and danger together without ever quite understanding (or wanting to understand) each other's deepest emotions. Gus is the romantic, a reluctant rancher who has a way with women and the sense to leave well enough alone. Call is a driven, demanding man, a natural authority figure with no patience for weaknesses, and not many of his own. He is obsessed with the dream of creating his own empire, and with the need to conceal a secret sorrow of his own. The two men could hardly be more different, but both are tough, redoubtable fighters who have learned to count on each other, if nothing else.
Call's dream not only drags Gus along in its wake, but draws in a vast cast of characters:
-- Lorena, the whore with the proverbial heart of gold, whom Gus (and almost everyone else) loves, and who survives one of the most terrifying experiences any woman could have...
-- Elmira, the restless, reluctant wife of a small-time Arkansas sheriff, who runs away from the security of marriage to become part of the great Western adventure...
-- Blue Duck, the sinister Indian renegade, one of the most frightening villains in American fiction, whose steely capacity for cruelty affects the lives of everyone in the book...
-- Newt, the young cowboy for whom the long and dangerous journey from Texas to Montana is in fact a search for his own identity...
-- Jake, the dashing, womanizing exRanger, a comrade-in-arms of Gus and Call, whose weakness leads him to an unexpected fate...
-- July Johnson, husband of Elmira, whose love for her draws him out of his secure life into the wilderness, and turns him into a kind of hero...
Lonesome Dove sweeps from the Rio Grande (where Gus and Call acquire the cattle for their long drive by raiding the Mexicans) to the Montana highlands (where they find themselves besieged by the last, defiant remnants of an older West).
It is an epic of love, heroism, loyalty, honor, and betrayal -- faultlessly written, unfailingly dramatic. Lonesome Dove is the novel about the West that American literature -- and the American reader -- has long been waiting for.
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Book Details:
- Simon & Schuster |
- 864 pages |
- November 2000
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Read an Excerpt
WHENAUGUSTUS CAME OUT on the porch the blue pigs were eating a rat-tlesnake—not a very big one. It had probably just been crawling around looking for shade when it ran into the pigs. They were having a fine tug-of-war with it, and its rattling days were over. The sow had it by the neck, and the shoat had the tail.
"You pigs git," Augustus said, kicking the shoat. "Head on down to the creek if you want to eat that snake." It was the porch he begrudged them, not the snake. Pigs on the porch just made things hotter, and things were already hot enough. He stepped down into the dusty yard and... see more
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Book Cover Image (jpg): Lonesome Dove
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This is Vegas for PCOn: PC, Xbox 360, PS3 Check Price
- Game Info
- Articles
- Review
- Videos
- Screenshots
- Downloads
- Guide
- Cheats
Whether it's partying in the hottest night clubs, racing in underground circuits, testing your luck at the tables or getting into a barroom brawl, This is Vegas promises to have it all.
Latest Articles for This is Vegas
This is Vegas finally canned?
Rumoured to have cost over $40 million.
This is Vegas has not been cancelled
Game remains in development at Surreal Software.
Warner's Midway purchase wins court approval
Sale expected to be completed in the next 10 days.
Midway: more on This is Vegas 'really soon'
Early June or maybe sooner.
Midway fights off bankruptcy for an extra month
Still in big trouble though.
Midway cancels 'ambitious, open-world project'
Lays off approximately 90 of the 130 staff at its Austin studio.
Related Topics
This is Vegas finally canned? in Article Comments
The teasers were good a few years back, but I don't know a damn thing about this game. I'm only surprised it took them this long to cancel it.
This is Vegas has not been cancelled in Article Comments
Still looking forward to this one it looks full of potential. Glad to hear it's not been cancelled!
Midway: more on This is Vegas 'really soon' in Article Comments
Thanks - this can now be removed from the "What on earth are they playing at" list, as related to video games.


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That's because there may not be a prohibitive favorite for this week's eight-team regional tournament, which kicks off Thursday. Bishop Manogue is hosting the three-day event.
"A month ago, it seemed like there were four or five teams that had a legitimate shot, but now it kind of seems like every team in the playoffs has a shot," Reed coach Jon Wunder said. "Any of the eight are capable of pulling an upset. No one is looking past that first game. I think all the coaches agree, this will be one of the most competitive tournaments in years."
Spanish Springs coach Jeff Davidson had similar sentiments.
"I've always said, it's anybody's game once regionals start," the Cougars' coach said. "Any two of the eight teams could reach the championship. We're approaching every game like it's a single elimination tournament … I think it's very equal. It doesn't matter what seed you are. The parity is really evident this year. There will be a lot of tight, close games. It's anybody's tournament."
Reed (26-4) takes the top seed into the tournament after finishing league play 19-1. The Raiders will open the tourney against No. 8 seed McQueen at 1 p.m. Spanish Springs (23-8, 15-5) earned the third seed and will meet sixth-seeded Galena at 6 p.m.
The other two first-round matchups feature Bishop Manogue (No. 2 seed ) against Douglas (No. 7 seed) and Damonte Ranch (No. 4 seed) against Carson (No. 5 seed).
"I think right now we're playing as well as we have at any time during the year," Davidson said. "We're getting good pitching and playing solid defense. The hits are coming along. We just have to continue to play the way we have the last couple weeks and see what happens."
The Cougars' games against Galena could not have been much different. Spanish Springs won a close contest at Galena, 6-4, in mid-April and then crushed the Grizz, 15-2, in both school's regular season finale last Friday.
"One game was very close," Davidson said, alluding to the earlier affair. "Galena's got a very good team and quite a few players that can hit the ball and hurt you at any point in the game. We have to pitch them carefully and then we must be aggressive at the plate on offense."
When the Cougars have struggled this spring, like when they dropped three straight league games for the first time since 2004, poor defense has been the SSHS crew's Achilles heel. Davidson didn't mince words when he stressed that his team must not give opponents extra outs if it wants to make a deep playoff run.
"Defense is the key component to winning regionals," the skipper said. "If you play solid defense and make the routine plays, limiting your mistakes, you're going to be in the game. We will try to take advantage of our opportunities and then play solid defense behind out pitching. You hope that's enough."
A year ago, Spanish Springs was the tournament's top seed after breezing through league play undefeated. However, all did not turn out so smooth. The Cougars lost in the second round and were eliminated on Day 2 of the tournament. Davidson knows how important it is to seize momentum and stay in the winners' bracket.
"I can remember in past years where Reed got in the losers' bracket early and came all the way back through, but it is important to stay in the winners' bracket," Davidson reiterated. "That way you're not playing all those back-to-back games. It helps your pitching and it takes the pressure off your players."
At Reed, the Raiders are excited to have the regional tournament's top seed, but they also know the seeding, earned thanks to their regular season prowess, means little now in the postseason.
"It's always nice to have some momentum but being the No. 1 seed does not mean much," Wunder said. "We did earn that right and that's great for about a week leading up to the playoffs, but once the tournament starts, we're all 0-0."
In their first-round tournament affair, the Raiders will meet McQueen, a team it beat by scores of 6-2 and 5-3 in Northern 4A League play.
"I expect solid pitching from McQueen," Wunder said. "Their ace, Jordan Lane, keeps them in games, and not just against us, but everybody. I think we can expect another pitchers' duel. Whichever team executes at the plate and minimizes its errors on defense is probably going to win the game."
While defense has let down Spanish Springs at times, its been a rock for Reed. Pitching and defense keeps games close and those areas have certainly been cornerstones to Reed's success. Reed may be the only team in the tournament that can interchange three pitchers without missing a beat. Wunder hopes the defense and pitching carry his team in the coming days.
"It's been pitching and defense for us all year," Wunder said. "We've had quite a few games where we didn't commit an error. And I can count on one or two fingers the games where we've committed more than one error. Our bats can be hot and cold, but our pitching and defense have been consistent."
After rolling to their 26-4 record and losing just one game in conference clashes, Wunder said his team's sights are set high.
"We expect to win one game at a time in this tournament, but we've had a good season. We feel we've got the players and the chemistry to win a regional championship. Ultimately, we do want to get to state, but it will be a disappointment if we don't come out on top."


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Debates are fascinating human activities that are a mixture of logic, strategy, and show. Not everybody shares this fascination. The German author Emil Ludwig considered debates to be the death of conversation. Jonathan Swift regarded debates as the worst sort of conversation, and debates portrayed in books as the worst sort of reading. Public debates pose various interesting dilemmas. A debate between two positions gives an impression of symmetry, and engaging in a debate against an obscure or illegitimate position gives it some legitimacy and emphasis. On the other hand, ignoring obscure or illegitimate positions may also pave the way to getting them public legitimacy or to making them mainstream. A common form of debate is one in which an uninformed decision-maker extracts information from two (or more) informed debaters who hold contradictory positions on a certain issue. Weblog debates are especially interesting, as they allow an unusual amount of interaction between the debaters and the uninformed audience. Common debate practices include ample repetitions, not giving up on seemingly small issues, never admitting a mistake, trying to undermine the professionalism and integrity of an opponent and not just his logic. We can ask ourselves if these debating practices are rational and optimal in terms of influencing the audience. They probably are.
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after our interesting chat in the lounge i had to come and check out your work again.
youve definitely got The Eye, that ability to measure and the sketch down proportion, light and shadow, and pick out interesting things to study, and obviously enjoy your work, which is the most important thing of all.
sorry to be useless but no crits from me, youre obviously working hard, just keep it up and youll be amazing in no time.
it must be brilliant working with animals too!
"Oh, and I might order my first proper GT soon, a Bamboo Fun Pen & Touch."
i have that one, its great!
love this
Last edited by Velocity Kendall; March 11th, 2012 at 03:06 PM.
sb most art copied to page 1
Weapons of Mass Creation 2011 ::: Add your favourites!
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800 16th Street NW, Washington, DC | Directions 2000638.900510 -77.037001
Neighborhoods: Connecticut Ave/ K Street, Northwest Washington, Northwest
A fine, upscale luxury facility named for former residents John Hay and Henry Adams. – The Scene
This establishment was a residential hotel in the 1920s. Today it hosts a clientele that includes pleasure travelers, ambassadors and celebrities. Stoic columns support the portico, which extends into a beautiful, outdoor courtyard. Located across from the White House, it offers walking access to Washington's most famous outdoor space, the National Mall and its monuments, museums and memorials. Expect charm and luxury in an environment that oozes elegance; those seeking subtle sophistication won't be disappointed.
The Details
The lobby is impressive with ornate rugs, marble and wood finishings, and comfortable furniture. Many rooms are decorated in crisp whites and warm creams. Bathrooms are done in marble, and some feature pedestal sinks. Other highlights range from fireplaces to carved ceilings. Business amenities include three two-line telephones equipped with voice mail, speaker phones and data ports. Views look onto the White House, Lafayette Square or St. John's Church. The dining room and bar both offer excellent on-site dining options.
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