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The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade recommends that Irish citizens obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling to or in Thailand which will cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. You should check your policy carefully and ensure that it covers all the activities that you wish to undertake.
Irish citizens should note that the Irish Government does not provide funds for emergency medical repatriation or for repatriation of remains.
Many thousands of Irish tourists visit Thailand every year and the overwhelming majority of visits are trouble free.
Damaged passports will not be accepted for entry into Thailand. Visitors are required to carry their passports at all times.
Penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty. It is important to take proper care when swimming or using motorcycles - a number of Irish citizens have been killed in accidents involving these activities in Thailand. Visitors should be aware of the risk of petty crime, including from pick-pockets, bag snatchers and those organising scams targeting tourists.
Since 2006 there have been several mass demonstrations by pro and anti Government supporters. A number of large-scale political demonstrations have taken place in Bangkok since the beginning of November 2013. The main protest areas are around the Democracy Monument, at government buildings and along Rachadamnoen Avenue, but protests can occur with little warning at various locations.
Following a recent escalation in protests, including the occupation and surrounding by protestors of some government buildings including the Finance Ministry, the Internal Security Act has been implemented in all parts of Bangkok and Nonthaburi as well as the Bang Phil district of Samut Prakan and the Lat Lum Kaep district of Pathum Thani. This Act will result in an increased security presence, and provides police and military with powers to impose curfews, operate checkpoints, restrict the movements of demonstrators, search for weapons, and use force in the case of violence.
The protests have resulted in violent clashes, there have been reports of gunfire, and there have been several deaths. Police have used tear gas and water canon against protestors, and there have been reports of use of rubber bullets. The situation remains volatile and Irish citizens should take care to avoid all large gatherings, demonstrations and protests in Thailand, and should follow the instructions of authorities. You should also be aware that there may be severe disruption to traffic and transport.
We recommend against all travel to Preah Vihear, Ta Kwai and Ta Muen temples near the Thai Cambodian Border. We also advise against all travel to or through the Southern Thai Provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and Songkhla. Particular care should be taken when travelling near or across Thailand's border with Burma (Myanmar).
A number of Irish visitors have been killed in motorcycle and swimming accidents in Thailand. Take the same safety precautions as in Ireland. When driving, wearing safety helmets is mandatory. An international or Thai driving license is required to drive in Thailand.
Some Irish tourists have been the victims of scams related to the hiring of jet skis and motor cycles. Please seek local advice on the reputation of any rental firm before approaching it. Renters should also examine their travel insurance to make sure use of jet skis and motorcycles are not excluded by the policy. Renters are advised never to hand over their passports as security when renting these machines.
There have been reports of poisonous jellyfish in the waters off Koh Pha-ngan, Phuket, Krabi, Koh Lanta and Koh Phi Phi. If stung, visitors should seek immediate medical attention.
Visitors should be aware of the risk of petty crime, including from pick-pockets, bag snatchers and those organising scams targeting tourists. Many Irish visitors have had their passports stolen on long distance overnight bus journeys. The theft of passports and credit cards is a problem in Thailand. Do not carry all of your money at once and please ensure that your passport is secure at all times.
On arrival by air visitors should use licensed taxis from official taxi stands. Unlicensed vehicles (black and white number plates) are not properly insured to carry passengers. Visitors passing through Suvarnabhumi Airport should ensure that they have paid, and have receipts for, all items in their possession before they move away from the vendor.
Take care if a stranger approaches you offering to sell gems.
There have been incidents where foreign nationals have been attacked and raped. Female travellers, in particular, should maintain a high state of personal awareness. There have also been incidents where tourists have had their drinks drugged (tourist areas and "red light" districts). You should be careful about taking drinks from strangers and be very wary at parties such as the "Full Moon" party on Phangan Island.
We advise against all travel to or through the Southern Thai Provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and Songkhla due to going instability and terrorist activity in this region. Martial law applies in the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and in the Sadao district of Songkhla province.
Elements of the border between Cambodia and Thailand are disputed. There have been occasional clashes between the two states for several years often near the Preah Vihear, Ta Kwai and Ta Muen temples. Hostilities broke on a number of occasions in 2011 in civilian and military fatalities on both sides. The situation could escalate again at short notice.
Since 2006 there have been several mass demonstrations by pro and anti Government supporters. Some of these led to violent clashes, resulting in death and injury. Some have involved the use of explosive devices. Between March and May 2010, violent incidents took place in Bangkok in which at least 80 people are known to have died. There have been further large-scale protests in Bangkok since November 2013, and the Internal Security Act has been imposed in Bangkok and some surrounding areas, leading to an increased security presence. Irish citizens are advised to avoid all demonstrations and large gatherings and make themselves aware of the local situation in their area by monitoring the local media.
On the afternoon of 14 February 2012 three explosions took place as a result of an incident involving foreign nationals at Soi Preedee 35 in the Klong Tan area of central Bangkok. The explosions lead to injuries and arrests were made at the scene. In the weeks before this, the authorities seized bomb making equipment in Bangkok.
For entry requirements for Thailand, please contact the nearest Embassy or Consulate for Thailand.
You are required to have a valid passport to enter Thailand. A number of Irish citizens have been deported from Thailand for attempting to enter the country on a damaged passport. The Thai immigration authorities also require that travellers have at least six months validity on their passports in order to enter the country. It is advisable to take a number of photocopies of your passport with you. All visitors are required to carry their passport at all times.
Overstaying is the act of staying in Thailand beyond the date stamped in the passport by Thai immigration. Overstaying is breaking the law so please check the period of stay authorised by the Thai authorities when you arrive. If you 'surrender' yourself to immigration at the airport or at any other immigration bureau following a short overstay, you will need to pay a fine for each excess day. However, you should be aware that for longer periods of overstay it is entirely at the discretion of the Thai immigration whether you pay an overstay fine or are deported. The authorities may also be less flexible where a visitor is stopped by the police and found to have overstayed. Such situations can lead to detention in an Immigration Detention Centre while the case is being processed.
Please note that there are strict limits on the amount of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, cigars and smoking tobacco which you may bring into Thailand. A number of tourists have been detained and fined heavily for attempting to bring cigarettes into Thailand in excess of the official limit.
Penalties for the possession, distribution and consumption of drugs in Thailand are severe and include life imprisonment and the death penalty. The possession of even very small quantities often leads to imprisonment. A number of tourists have suffered psychiatric problems as a result drug use in Thailand. The Thai authorities have increased their surveillance of those involved in illicit drugs activity. Undercover police carry out spot checks in and around bars, restaurants and discos in tourist areas. These checks may include searches of bags, purses, and pockets.
In Thailand it is a criminal offence to make critical or defamatory comments about the King or the Royal family.
The rainy season in much of Thailand runs from May to October. Monsoon rains and storms quite often lead to heavy and dangerous flooding. Extreme conditions caused massive flooding and considerable flooding damage across central, northern eastern provinces of Thailand in late 2011.The rainy season in south east of the Thai peninsula runs from November to March. Useful current information on the weather conditions in Thailand can been accessed from sites such as: www.phuket.com/island/weather.htm ; www.tmd.go.th/en/ ; http://tatnews.org
In April 2012 two earthquakes occurred in Phuket, leading to some damage to property.
Due to the heat and other factors, a high proportion of European visitors to Thailand fall ill. Travellers should seek professional medical advice before travelling. Since January 2005, the number of reported cases of Dengue Fever in Thailand, and in particular Southern Thailand, has increased sharply. You are advised to take adequate precautions against being bitten by mosquitoes. There is a risk of Malaria infection in some areas. There have been thousands of reported cases of Influenza A/H1N1 in Thailand and several deaths.
The Embassy of Ireland in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia represents Ireland's interests in Thailand. Within Thailand, there are Irish Honorary Consulates in both Bangkok and Phuket. All relevant contact details are available on the Embassy's website, which you can access here.
If you are unable to register online, please e-mail your full details, including contact numbers, location and travel dates to one of the consulates. They can also be contacted if you require advice or assistance locally. Alternatively, you can reach the Consular Assistance Unit at the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin on +353 1 408 2000.
There are two Irish Honorary Consuls in Thailand:
Mr Peter Gary Biesty
Honorary Consul
Consulate of Ireland
4th Floor, Room 407
Thaniya Building
62, Silom Road
Bangkok 10500
Tel: (+662) 632-6720
Fax: (+662) 632-6721
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.irelandinthailand.com
Ms Hélène Fallon-Wood
Honorary Consul of Ireland
Consulate of Ireland
Tamarind Valley, 79/6 Moo 4
Soi Suksan,Rawai,Muang
Phuket, Thailand 83130
Telephone: 0066 76 281 273
Fax: 0066 76 281 273
Email: email@example.com
Website: http://www.consulateirelandphuket.org/


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Explore - DIY/Craft
Los Angeles Designers at Milan Design Week
Los Angeles designers Matthew Sullivan, Tanya Aguiñiga, and Ben Medansky exhibited their work during the 2014 Milan Design Week as part of the L.A. x Milano project curated by Bold LA and BPM...written by: Diana Budds04.18.14
Gökhan Karakuş
Gökhan Karakuş was born in Nusaybin, Turkey, and studied architectural history and theory at the Columbia University and Vassar College in New York, USA. The author of the books "Turkish Touch in...05.01.13
Peter Fehrentz DIY Projects
German stylist and designer Peter Fehrentz presentes Made by Yourself, a step-by-step book comprising 48 do-it-yourself projects.written by: Jami Smith10.11.13
The Best of DIY Design
When it comes to modern design, we can't all be award-winning, but we can all take on a little DIY now and then. Here, we present some of our favorite DIY supplies and projects from over the years....written by: Megan Hamaker08.13.13
Home Design How To
Dwell shares some of our favorite guides to keeping your modern home up-to-date and well-designed.written by: Olivia Martin08.01.13
Friday Finds 07.19.13
Pink concrete? Animal bodies? USB-heated gloves? Welcome to this week's Friday Finds!written by: Eujin Rhee07.19.13
Friday Finds 06.14.13
Welcome to another round of Friday Finds! To help you foray into the long-awaited weekend, we've gathered up a few of our favorite finds from the webosphere, travels, and beyond for your viewing...written by: Eujin Rhee06.14.13
9 DIY Home Automation Gadgets for 2013
Home automation is an incredible way to simplify the life of a homeowner. By automating all of your technologies, you can not only make your life easier, but you can save yourself a lot of money...written by: David Glenn05.30.13
DIY Holiday Gifts
Handcrafted gifts carry a certain charm with them and often prove to be the less-expensive and more personalized gift alternative. With endless do-it-yourself projects out there, you can rest...written by: Tammy Vinson12.21.11
The Art of Brook&Lyn
In her mid-twenties, Mimi Jung quit her job as a graphic designer to start her own creative studio under the name Brook&Lyn. Her bold, distinct jewelry gained near instant acclaim in the fashion...written by: Johanna Björk05.13.13
Dwell on Design Artist in Residence Tanya Aguiñiga Is Calling All Knitters!
As part of Dwell on Design Artist in Residence Tanya Aguiñiga's audience-interactive atelier on the show floor, she will be creating and donating handcrafted blankets as part of "Move-in Kits" with...written by: Erika Heet05.09.13
SFMade Week 2013
San Francisco's manufacturing tradition is getting a jump start thanks to SFMade, a weeklong celebration of makers in the City by the Bay. Though the region's thriving tech industry regularly nabs...written by: Diana Budds05.06.13
Amazing Modern Backyard Office
When it comes to DIY ingenuity, we applaud Scott Dorman of Marietta, Georgia, for designing, overseeing, and erecting a modern office/shed that makes a striking addition to his backyard. Click...written by: Aaron Britt05.03.13
More Things to Make and Do
This year, delight your pals with a present you created yourself or gift them with materials for handiwork-to-be. It doesn't take much to get making! Here's a few of my tried-and-true faves and a...written by: Jordan Kushins12.03.10
A Look at Lego Bombing
You've heard of yarn bombing (as evidence of its mainstream status, yarn bombing has even shown up in a Roche Bobois ad), but have you seen Lego bombing?written by: Sara Ost01.29.13
Designer Spotlight: Black Creek Mercantile & Trading Co.
Dwell chats with Joshua Vogel, the carpenter-craftsman behind the lovely, hand-turned kitchenware and sculptural pieces from Black Creek Mercantile & Trading Co. in Kingston, New York, and his...written by: Olivia Martinphotos by: Steffen Thalemann01.23.13
South Africa: Design Indaba 2010
The annual Design Indaba Expo, held last weekend in Cape Town, South Africa, focuses solely on domestic talents. Some of these designs are available in American outlets like Anthropologie,...written by: Rebecca L. Weber03.01.10
Etsy Picks
Managing Editor Michele Posner: I get to see a lot of places, pads, and products while reviewing and planning the pages of the magazine. Most people here know that I also love to knit and cook...written by: Michele Posner12.15.09
Things To Make and Do
Assistant Editor Jordan Kushins: I'd love to make more time to make more things in the new year, and could definitely use a nudge or two in the right direction. DIY inspiration really is...written by: Jordan Kushins12.09.09
Reader DIY: A Modern Granite Grill
We love hearing stories about how our magazine and website have inspired readers to tackle their own modern design projects, at any scale—whether it be a full-blown house or, as featured on...written by: Jaime Gillin09.13.12

subset: commoncrawl


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Say I love you with this magnificent display of 24 stunning red Roses, with a touch of Diamante sparkle. The perfect romantic gift.
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Same day orders are passed onto local florists and normally delivered between 8am and 6pm to most addresses in mainland UK. An exact delivery time cannot be guaranteed. Unless stated, vases are not included.
Standard - £99.99
No extras available for this product
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You can always change your mind later


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|Murfreesboro, TN
|Lipscomb University
2008 (As a Junior) - Saw limited action due to a shoulder injury, but still managed to play in nine game, seven as a starter...averaged 8.9 points per game and 3.0 rebounds per game...connected on .367 (22-60) percent of his shot from the floor and .214 (6-28) percent from behind the arc...shot .732 (30-41) percent from the free throw line and recorded 12 steals and 29 assists.
Previous School - Played one season at Wallace State Hanceville Community College and head coach Alan Sharpe ... averaged 11 points, four rebounds and five assists per game during junior college career.
High School - Played basketball for head coach Brandon Burks for four seasons at Riverdale High School ... named 2004 District Most Valuable Player ... won numerous tournament Most Valuable Player awards during prep career ... named team Most Valuable Player during freshman, sophomore, junior and senior seasons ... named Second Team All-State ... averaged 18 points, five rebounds and five assists per game during prep career ... averaged 18 points, four rebounds and five assists per game during senior season ... named All-District ... named All-Region during senior season ... named Honorable Mention All-State ... named County Most Valuable Player ... helped lead his team to the District championship with a record of 25-7 ... also lettered in football ... helped lead the football team to the state championship in 2002-03.
Personal - Son of Schrelle Lyons and Gregg Johnson ... has two siblings ... majoring in Business Management.


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ImagesSee All 462 Images
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History of Mario Sports
Join us here as we pull on our overalls, lace up our work boots, and take a jog down memory lane for a look at some of Mario's greatest hits ...
ChartSpot: February 2005
Gran Turismo 4 takes pole position in the console race, while World of Warcraft lords over the PC realm--again.
Month in Review: February 2005
This feature includes the games of the month, our monthly buyers' guide, and a link to the newest Let's GameSpot.
NBA Street V3 enters retail court
EA Sports Big's latest spin on street basketball has shipped for the Xbox, GameCube, and PlayStation 2.
NBA Street V3 garners gold
Extreme baller from EA Sports Big takes to the court February 8; guest stars highlight game's new features.
Month in Sports Gaming - February 2005
Soccer, street ball, and racing galore. We feel the love in February's sports gaming lineup.
The deets on NBA Street's beats
Beastie Boys' track headlines the roster of hip-hop tunes in EA's extreme hoops game; rap trio will also be playable characters.
NBA Street V3 Feature Preview
We've got an exclusive movie of the street b-ball title's extensive player-customization features.
NBA Street V3 Hands-On
We have hands-on impressions of this game.
Recent Forum ActivityGo to NBA Street V3 Discussion
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"Fanny" bank makes saving money a real GAS! Just drop a coin in the strategically-placed slot of this tushy-shaped bank and listen as it lets out the loudest rip you've ever heard. Add more loot, hear more toot! Up to six flatulent sound effects, guaranteed to make you laugh your "assets" off! Coins remove easily when bank is full. 6" H x 6". Uses 3 AA batteries (not incl.)
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Autumn at the Arboretum
Join us September 20-November 26 as the Arboretum transforms with thousands of fall florals. The beloved Pumpkin Village and Cinderella's Carriage also return in 2014!
Over 50,000 pumpkins, gourds and squash come together to form the nationally acclaimed Pumpkin Village. A multitude of special events are also available throughout the week including a hay bale maze, scavenger hunts and the Tom Thumb pumpkin patch.
Autumn is the perfect time of year for a picnic in the gardens with friends, a fun family photo, or a leisurely walk among 150,000 blooming fall flowers such as chrysanthemums and impatiens. The fall foliage, cool weather and deep colors make Autumn at the Arboretum a must-see.
"Fall is really our most colorful time of year. Many of the summer flowers like zinnias, impatiens, salvia and coleus respond to cooler nights with blazing bursts of color. Our thousands of pumpkins bring out the color in banks of chrysanthemums that are layered with ornamental grasses, copper plants and firebush." - Dave Forehand, Vice President of Gardens


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Reading seek strong FA Cup run
Reading defender Adrian Mariappa believes a strong FA Cup run could inspire the Royals' Barclays Premier League survival bid.
Relegation-haunted Reading travel to Crawley for Saturday's third-round tie having pieced together an encouraging Christmas that yielded four points from three matches.
Critical fixtures against West Brom, Newcastle, Chelsea and Sunderland await over the next four weeks and Mariappa insists dispatching Crawley - whose director of football is former Royals boss Steve Coppell - will provide a welcome shot in the arm.
"You want to go as far as you can in every competition and it's good to get runs in cups - it breeds a lot of confidence if you can go through," he said.
"It'll be a tough game though and we'll all prepare right mentally for it. We know what to expect from the FA Cup.
"I've been lucky enough to beat teams when I've been the underdog or when we've been the favourites. It doesn't matter - anyone can beat anyone, that's the magic of the FA Cup.
"We're all used to games coming thick and fast. We want to get through to the next round but we'll also use it as preparation for our next league game."
Mariappa insists Reading were left smarting after failing to claim any reward from Tuesday's trip to White Hart Lane, where Tottenham won 3-1, and insists their Premier League obituary has been written too soon.
"We had a couple of good chances and had we taken them maybe we could have sneaked a draw, but it's a tough place to go," he recalled.
"The lads were putting everything into it for each other, putting themselves in front of everything they threw at us. With the game at 2-1, we could have so easily nicked a draw.
"There's a great spirit here and we're definitely not giving up. The media have written us off, but we were written off before the season started.
"We're confident we can put together a good few results and we're looking forward to the next game."
Manager Brian McDermott has hinted at Reading's interest in unsettled Swansea striker Danny Graham, who has also been targeted by Norwich.
"He's Swansea's player and there is a bit of interest in him. He's scored a couple of league goals recently. I've known Danny since he was at Carlisle. He has developed over time," McDermott said.
McDermott confirmed that negotiations with Central Coast Mariners midfielder Tom Rogic are under way.
"We've talked to him and it's something we are working on. While it's not done yet, it's not far from it. We've got to speak to Tom, he's got to speak to us and we'll see," he said.


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Book this hotel and collect nights after your stay
Located in Philadelphia (Old City, Philadelphia), Wyndham Philadelphia Historic District is close to National Museum of American Jewish History, Independence Hall, and Liberty Bell Center. Also nearby are Reading Terminal Market and Ben Franklin National Memorial.
Hotel Features.
Wyndham Philadelphia Historic District has an outdoor pool, a health club, and a spa tub. Public areas are equipped with wireless Internet access (surcharges apply). Business amenities at this 3-star property include a business center and a meeting/conference room. Dining options at this eco-friendly hotel include a restaurant and a bar/lounge. Additional amenities include multilingual staff, gift shops/newsstands, and laundry facilities. For a surcharge, guests have access to a roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours). Guest parking is available on a limited first-come, first-served basis (surcharge). The property has designated areas for smoking.
The 364 air-conditioned guestrooms at Wyndham Philadelphia Historic District include complimentary newspapers and coffee/tea makers. Televisions are equipped with cable channels, video-game consoles, and pay movies. Additional amenities include hair dryers and irons/ironing boards.
Self parking costs USD 30 per day (a different rate applies for extended parking)
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of USD 10 (one way)
|Food and drink
|Things to do
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|Home comforts
|Freshen up
|Be entertained
|Stay connected
Self parking costs USD 30 per day (a different rate applies for extended parking)
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of USD 10 (one way)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
We are now watching this hotel on your travel dates
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Hey all,
I'm in for a January 2nd start, and ready to go! I've back-slid a little, gained about half the weight back that I lost last year, but nothing that can't be fixed by getting my butt off the couch, my fingers out of the cookie jar, and back in the gym!
These threads are such a great motivator; I'd vote for joining up with a group with a start-date of January 2nd since the numbers seem relatively small for who is left here. Stephon was left carrying a much greater share of the posting last challenge (I am one of the guilty who quit posting when I fell off the wagon), I think a larger start group makes sense. Looking forward to reconnecting with all of you!
I am all for us joining whatever the existing thread is for starting Jan 2nd. I will look at what's out there on the forum. Let me know which one most of you are planning on joining.
Blessings <><
Hi all,
Here are my stats from the last challenge. Start date was 15-08-2011, End date was 06-11-2011. Actual end date was 13-11-2011 due to missing soo many wo's due to illness. So all in all not great but not bad either. Hung in there and got results. I will be starting back on the 2nd, currently on the warriors site this site is for everyone who has completed 1 challenge,great motivation and many friends from my first challenge and many new ones that I have met there. Support is great and everyone is at a different stage of challenge and several different wo's not just the BFL PLAN, I plan on using the TRX Plan with the Kristy Plan. All about stretching and balance so day to day activities can be accomplished, and using your own body for strength. Harder than it looks. BFL got me to this point but was getting stale needed a new type of challenge. I am so thankful for having found this site and all of you kind folks for helping me through the rough times and the good times in sharing our adventure. Tina welcome back as always look forward to reading your posts again thak goodness you have picked yourself back up again. I'm sure you will be much happier once you get active again. Is your husband joining you?
Start C 3 End C 3
Chest : 45" Chest : 44"
Waist : 46 1/2" Waist : 43"
Hips : 47" Hips : 44 1/2"
Weight : 223 Weight : 215
Sorry didn't get a chance to take an after pic. Will take before and after for next Challenge and I hope everyone does the same it's good to put a picture with a name. All the computers have died just before Christmas, 2 desk tops they were pretty old and my daughter new lap top which my baby boy Gysmo knocked onto the floor and crashed the hard drive. That one was sent back to the manufacturer for repair and still waiting. BTW Gysmo is my 1.5 yr. old Maine Coon Cat and is currently on a diet. he weighs as of Oct 25, 17.4 lbs. As of Dec. 11, 16.4 down 1lb. go Gysmo. LOL. Will try and take a picture with all our furry friends and post it. I have been going to physio as I hurt my lower back 2 weeks before Christmas at the gym stepping off of one of the machines I was using for a warm up before Kettle Bell Class. Went to Class anyway and after could sure feel it. So lesson learned won't do that again I hope. I have gained some weight but that won't take long once I get going again. For Christmas bought Linda 144 sessions with her trainer Kristy was not sure how that was going to go over. She accepted it with no backlash, also talked to physio therapist about her knee problem since Kristy can't figure it out. I think she just doesn't have enough experience yet with this type of injury yet by the time she gets done with Linda she will. LOL. Had a white Christmas and was out shoveling the white stuff a couple of times so far I'm sure this is just the beginning. Also the other day got rear ended at a stop sign as it turned out was a friend of ours looks like a new bumper is in order. So far Linda hurt her back in the collision and it seems like every newer car we get we get rear ended twice by people we know. This was caused by going too fast and trying to stop on ice. I just took my foot off the brake and was trying to get moving forward when we got hit. Other than the sore back she seems ok hopefully it won't last too long. Bought a new computer for the kids my son was trying to save 2k for a gaming computer. This one has a hard drive with 4 tigabites so should be good for a while and we also got a 27" wide monitor.Steph thanks again for all your support as well as everyone else. Steph has your wife turned the corner yet and is your daughter going to try again with you on this challenge. For this challenge I will be trying to comit more to the Thrive Diet ( Vegan Way). I know this goes against the North American Way of eating. I guess it's the rebel in me coming out. lol. Let me know where you all end up and I will pop in from time to time.
Have a safe and Happy New Year and a healthier one too Cheers to all!
Hey Claude,
Glad to see you are still in the game! Bummer about your car getting rear ended, what a hassle. In answer to your question about is my husband joining me on this challenge........that would be a big "NO", I can't even talk him into going out to lunch with me. : (
I'm excited to be back, heading out now to do my first workout. What thread is everyone migrating over to? We were at my father in laws without computer access the past couple of days, not sure if I missed it?
Happy New Year to all of you, and here's to a successful challenge for all of us!
Hey Tina,
Glad you are back in the game with me. For this challenge I will be doing 4 days strength & 7 days cardio 2 of the days will be stretching. which I am finding out is more important as we age. Has your husband already got the winter blues from the lack of sunlight. Our winter has just started a little before Christmas. I will be taking it slow for the next little while until I feel my back is ok and strong enough toi handle running.
Actually started yesterday did 14 min. Jacob's Ladder, 1,000 mtrs. 45 min. spin bike, 15.9 miles. Food was way off that should improve as I go. Will be going back to work on the 9th.
Are you following the World Juniors Hockey games? Canada seems to be on pace for GOLD. I love watching all the teams you get to see the NHL prospects and the skill level is great. I'm at the WARRIORS thread come and join us after all you are a warrior. Lots of motivation. There are some of us that started yesterday also.
Hope your first WO was good.. Another coffee and out to the gym.
Will post stats and pic's this time on my profile.
Day 2 have a great one.
So can someone please let me know what the current January 2012 thread is that's being used right now? Thanks!
Hi, there are a lot of people on two threads: one of them Is under "crossing the abyss" entitled 50+ and determined ...
the other one that seems very active is under "getting started" entitled The first monday of January ...
the ... is there because I just copied them from what i get for subject lines in email.
Both threads are great ... there are probably others as well. It's hard to choose which one you want to keep up with though. GREAT people all around ... and not enough time to keep current on all of 'em.
Hope you find the folks you're looking for ... or that you find new friends soon.
© Abbott Laboratories,2013


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At solvent athletic departments that compete in big-time football, football not only pays for itself but generates enough profit to underwrite nearly every other varsity sport. But it has been years since that math worked at Maryland, where football revenue has steadily declined since 2006 and Coach Randy Edsall's injury-plagued Terrapins have won just six games in the last two seasons entering their season finale.
With its athletic department facing a nearly $5 million annual deficit that is rapidly compounding and stands to top $17 million by 2017, Maryland this summer cut seven of its 27 varsity sports — a move projected to pare roughly 7 percent from the $57.7 million annual budget. But unless the Terps figure out how to boost the revenue side of their ledger, even more draconian measures are likely in store.


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Wraparound microUSB and USB chargers jazz up this T-Mobile hotspot.
Virgin Mobile USA announces the availability of the Negear-made Mingle mobile hotspot, its first 4G LTE broadband device on its Broadband2Go portfolio.


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|Women's Track & Field » Schedule » Roster » News » Coaches » 2013-14 Indoor Season Statistics » 2014 Outdoor Season Statistics
Crusaders Tied for Second on Opening Day of Mid-Con Championships
Thursday, May 12, 2005Led by a school record in the hammer throw by Holly Hagen (Hobart, Ind./Hobart H.S.), Valparaiso sits in a tie for second place at the Mid-Continent Conference Outdoor Track and Field Championships held in Kansas City, Mo. after one day of the competition on Thursday.
The Crusaders are tied with Southern Utah for second place with 22 points, trailing Western Illinois' total of 39. Oral Roberts and UMKC are tied for fourth with 17 points while Chicago State did not score on the first day of competition.
Hagen capped off her career in the hammer throw with a toss of 177'0" to finish second in the event. The senior missed out on an NCAA Regional qualifying mark by just eight inches. Emilie Marsicek (Spalding, Mich./Carney-Nadeau H.S.) finished sixth with a mark of 137'9", a season's best, while Rachel Liptak (Temecula, Calif./Temecula Valley H.S.) was seventh with her toss of 130'2".
In the pole vault, Amanda Meyer (Somerset, Wis./Somerset H.S.) finished in fifth place, clearing 10'0". Mary Frisch (Chesterton, Ind./Chesterton H.S.) also scored for the Brown and Gold in the pole vault, as the senior cleared 8'6 �".
Rachael Button (Farmington Hills, Mich./Farmington H.S.) led the way on the track for the Crusaders. The freshman finished sixth in the 10,000m run with a time of 41:14.34. Heidi Nathan (Medford, N.Y./Patchogue-Medford H.S.) was eighth in the event, crossing the finish line in 42:44.37.
The only other event to get underway on Thursday was the heptathlon where Patricia Kloth (Medford, Wis./Medford Area H.S.) enters the final day of competition in fourth place with 2,288 points. The freshman is just 19 points out of third place. Alicia Zinnecker (Cincinnati, Ohio/Indian Hill H.S.) is 11th with 1,620 points.
Valpo will return to the track beginning at 9:30 a.m. on Friday morning to continue with day two of the three day championships.
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Thank you for viewing our Gallery. Our Gallery is composed of local Femfessional events and our Members featured in "Around Town" Monthly.
Femfessionals love their community and are spotted out and about with other Fems, quite frequently. "Around Town" Monthly features our Fems painting the town pink and illustrating their Femfessionalism for the world to see. Please email us your social pics with a simple caption {who, what, where and when}, and your FemCity. {A Femfessional must be connected to all pics! Be sure to double-check spelling.}
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ENTRIES TAGGED "singing"
Music and lyrics and code
Geek Choir founder Michael Brewer on how coding and music connect.
Coding is an art, says Michael Brewer, application programmer specialist at the University of Georgia. In this interview, Brewer discusses the philosophy behind Geek Choir and how it relates to coding and open source.


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An Emotional Support Animal (ESA) is not considered a working service dog under the ADA and is not granted unlimited public access. Protections under federal law include allowing a disabled handler to be accompanied by his/her emotional support animal in the cabin of the aircraft, in accordance with the Air Carrier Access Act 49 U.S.C. 41705 and Dept of Transportation 14 C.F.R. Part 382. Please check with your airline prior to travel for their specific rules regarding service animals.
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Fundraiser set for injured snowboarderApril 05,2013Fundraiser set for
hurt snowboarder
KILLINGTON A fundraiser for injured local snowboarder Max Elles will be held 4 to 8 p.m. Sunday at the Foundry at Summit Pond.
Elles a lifelong Killington resident and two-time silver medalist in USA Snowboarding Association competitions fell while riding in December and injured his L1 and T12 vertebrae.
Elles has had two surgeries and is undergoing physical rehabilitation, with hopes of returning to the slopes next winter.
Sundays benefit will include hors doeuvres, live music, a silent auction, a raffle and magic. All proceeds will defray the costs of Elles rehabilitation.
For more information, call 422-3025.MORE IN This Just InTOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Two fires, one in West Rutland and the other in Middletown Springs, keep firefighters busy, sports and update on robbery at Jenny Wren's in Springfield. 0News Editor Alan Keays, staff writer Darren Marcy and Sports Editor Bob Fredette discuss some of... Full StoryStaff Report Full StoryStaff Report Full Story
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- TODAY'S WEATHER MINUTE: Soil beneath Greenland ice sheet predates dawn of mankind, Hitch faces true Hollawood problem head-on, Mark Twain on school boards, all in today's minute.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Free Library director Paula Baker will retire at the end of the year, state Senate will vote on new minimum wage legislation and Bennington College graduates win Pulitzer Prizes.
- TODAY'S WEATHER MINUTE: Rutland Herald content editor Rich Alcott shares local weather information and easily digestible news tidbits.
- TODAY'S WEATHER MINUTE: Dresden firebombing helped bring Nazis to knees, killed at least 25,000 civilians, men, women, children, dogs, cats; Veena in Sitka, BIG NEWS FLASH! Old guys get grumpy with age.


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Historic Bethabara Park, Winston-Salem
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Karen Klein to Retire as School Bus Monitorby Free Britney at .
Karen Klein, the Upstate New York bus monitor made famous by a viral video in which she was bullied by middle school boys, is planning to retire.
The announcement comes just one week after a web campaign effort padded the bus monitor's pockets with more than $700,000 in donations.
"I'm not quitting because of what happened. That's not it," Klein, the 68-year-old bus monitor, told The AP. "I enjoyed working with the kids."
"I guess it's just my time to leave. That's what I've decided."
In the video, Klein is shown sitting on a school bus as teen boys hurl the most vile insults at her for over 10 minutes, eventually making her cry.
The video has been reposted so many times it's impossible to tell how many times it's been viewed, but Klein obviously became a cause celebre.
Max Sidorov, 25, was inspired to start the campaign on Indiegogo (dot) com, writing "Lets Give Karen – the bus monitor – Klein a Vacation!"
Although Sidorov's goal was to raise $5,000 by July, the site drew in $703,833 from 30,000 donors in all 50 states and more than 84 countries.
"I think people love rallying around a cause, especially helping someone in need or who has been abused or can't stand up for themselves," Sidorov said.
"It just shows there are so many great people in the world. It warms my heart."
Klein wants to donate some of her money to Mary Cariola Children's Center and School of the Holy Childhood, she told WHAM-TV in Rochester, NY.
Four bullies from the Greece, N.Y., Central School District outside Rochester have been suspended for one year and perform community service.
The bullies later apologized; Klein did not accept.
From Around the Web
More From The Hollywood Gossip
Karen Klein Promotes Anti-Bullying FoundationBullied school bus monitor Karen Klein is turning her torment into a force for good, founding an anti-bullying charity.
Karen Klein Launches Anti-Bullying FoundationKaren Klein has used the money donated to her after her now-infamous viral video to launch an anti-bullying foundation.
Karen Klein Donation Tally: HOW MUCH?!?Karen Klein may have been bullied, but at least she made serious bank from the experience. And we mean SERIOUS BANK.
Karen Klein Bus Bullies Slapped With One-YEAR School SuspensionKaren Klein's bullying did not come without consequences for four middle school kids who were suspended for a full school year for their treatment of her.
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For the ones that agree with poison apple, I suggest go get your school bus license and try to see if you can do a better job. It is very difficult to drive a school bus up to 26,000lbs, handle traffic, and then students. Then when it comes to disapline, the driver can't do anything because it may cause a lawsuit one way or the other. So if you don't have experience driving a school bus with these type of students, just shut up.
Hey Carlos,do you know what looking out for our kids welfare means?If there are kids capable of bullying an adult on the bus,just think about how they are treating other kids.Obviously you think shes great for not doing her job,and that her not responding with yelling and profanity was the right and only thing to do,however,you are too ridiculous to see the big picture.Nice way to respond to a comment you don't agree with,using the vocabulary of a middle school bully riding the bus.Having a different opinion does not make someones cunt slimy,that would be an infection.BTW,welfare isn't just that check your baby's mom collects
Poor, poor Karen. If those were my kids, a trip to the "wood shed" would be! The children's behavior was a reflection of the way they were parented. Today's kids are all about entitlements versus privileges. I still think she deserves a big ol' fat settlement for from the school district for the way she was treated. No one deserves to be treated like the poor elderly woman was!
Hey, Poison Crappy-apple, she was hired to watch out for the welfare of the kids in the bus, to make sure they were safe. She was doing her job, she even told them to be quiet and leave her alone. If she would of yelled or given these nasty maggots a beating they really deserved this would've been a different story. She desrves every penny, those filthy rats deserve public humiliation. So "F" you and all you other slimey (c)unts who think otherwise!
She's retiring because she just made over $700,000 for not doing the job she was paid to do.She was a bus moniter.It was her job to make sure kids are safe and following rules.Not only did she not handle the situation while it was happening,she did not report it afterwards.How many kids got bullied on that bus before her?I just watched a video of a special needs kid getting assaulted and burned with a lighter by other kids while the bus driver let it happen because she wanted him to be quiet.These are adults that we are paying to keep our kids safe


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Atlanta, GA
Tasty pizza and an excellent beer list. Try the Bruschetta Pizza
Atlanta, GA
Mostly Thai food, but there are some Chinese dishes like a veggie dish that includes Chinese broccoli - yum!
3375 Buford Hwy NE Ste 1060, Atlanta
Probably my favorite ever !
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Brightly decorated burrito joint gets creative with typical Mexican fare, offering fillings such as chicken with mashed potatoes and Thai peanut chicken.
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This is a great concept!! The bartenders are very attentive & gracious! The food was memorable. I plan to go back very soon!
3255 Buford Hwy Ne, Atlanta
In ShortKid-friendly eat-in restaurants and small takeout shops alike sport interiors done in the signature red and white with a touch of yellow. Orders are placed at the…
4274 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta
A super-affordable menu loaded with good-for-you eats provides an fresh lunch option around Oglethorpe University.
2991 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta
In ShortWhat started off in Donelson, Tenn. as "Mr. D's" in 1969 has evolved into fast food chain "Captain D's" with restaurants across more than 20 states. Touting high quality…
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In ShortStrawberry-pink and milk-white are the signature colors of the fast-food realm's ice-cream leader. Customers belly up to counters in food courts or free-standing shops…
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If there's a restaurant to check out in Brookhaven coming from outside the area, than its have to be Haven. Chef Stephen Herman has a menu that rolls with the seasons & also hosts…
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Second visit in two weeks - weird!
But J and I wanted something convenient en route home for each of us and Chinese sounded good. Same nice girl waited on us but we did try a…
Mellow Mushroom. Tasty pizza and an excellent beer list. Try the Bruschetta Pizza… read more
Baci. Baci provides Brookhaven residents with one of the best dinner options in the area. Cafe at Pharr chicken salad even makes the cut and is on their menu!… read more
Bua Restaurant. Mostly Thai food, but there are some Chinese dishes like a veggie dish that includes Chinese broccoli - yum!… read more


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I'd like to know if antibiotics (Pen-Strep) interfere with MTT. I usually use medium without antibiotics but one of my friends followed the exact same protocol that I've been using so far, and for which I was getting good results, except she used medium with antibiotics. now even the control cultures aren't showing formation of formazan crystals after 4hrs of incubation.
the MTT stock was about 2weeks old so i tested it against a bacterial culture to see if that might be the problem, but the bacterial culture turned blue almost immediately.
So as I see it, the antibiotics could be the only problem. Is that right? can anyone provide me with some papers that document this [or the lack of interference]?
Submit your paper to J Biol Methods today!
antibiotics interefere with MTT??
Started by Shrubal, Oct 17 2011 07:27 AMantibiotics MTT
2 replies to this topic
Posted 17 October 2011 - 07:27 AM
Posted 17 October 2011 - 05:28 PM
I do MTT all the time with complete medium (FBS + antibiotic) and it works fine.
Posted 20 October 2011 - 03:01 AM
hey.. thanks for your reply but I got my friend to try out the protocol again minus the antibiotics and the results were perfect.. so well I guess the antibiotics DID interfere for me at least.. got to try and read up more on how or why
Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: antibiotics, MTT
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FEATURED STORY: "As a driver who recently finished driver's education and will very soon have a license of her own I felt fortunate for having seen this presentation. It is imperative that young drivers understand their lack of experience and vulnerability when driving. Many teenagers believe that they are invincible behind the wheel; nevertheless, it's important that we know that these terrible and fatal situations result from our own brief ignorance. After having viewed the presentation, I feel I can channel the concepts the speaker conveyed to aid my safety and that of others while driving. I will never text while driving. A few characters like "LOL" just are not worth my life or another person's life." – a participant in the Driving Equation Program
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Well, that was odd.
It's one thing to bring back a deposed coach for a second chance. The Memphis Grizzlies profited from such a move with Lionel Hollins. The Los Angeles Lakers certainly did with Phil Jackson. So the Cleveland Cavaliers bringing back Mike Brown hardly was a unique step.
But Brown's introductory media session? Now that was beyond unique.
Not because of Brown, a likable sort who certainly did well enough during his initial Cavaliers coaching tenure.
But because of the "Elephant in the Room."
Figuratively and literally.
In this case, the elephant wasn't in the room but rather on the mind.
"The elephant"? That would be LeBron James.
With Cavaliers officials unable to name names, due to tampering issues and other concerns, they instead were forced to deal in code when asked to link how Brown's hiring might impact efforts to bring James back to Cleveland during 2014 free agency, when James hits the first opt-out opening in his Heat contract.
So there was Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert, asked point blank, about the "elephant in the room."
"About the elephant? I don't know how to answer that," said Gilbert, who had fired Brown in 2010 in advance of James' free agency, in an ill-fated bid to retain James. "We honestly talk about today, this year. A lot of stuff is in the media obviously. But we can't control that. And we understand why. Obviously it's in the media because that's of interest to people."
Including, of course, Cleveland people.
And yet during Brown's introductory session there never was a denial that a climb back to respectability under Brown wasn't necessarily a part of advance LeBron planning.
Again Gilbert, "In NBA terms there's so much that happens in a year. There's so many different variables that happen. You can't even speculate in the next 12 months what's going to happen or where we're going to be or where anybody else is going to be. You focus on right now."
Of course, no lottery team, at least one with eventual championship hopes, focuses on "right now." That is the worst approach. The Heat certainly never focused on "right now" as they fell to 15-67 in 2008 while amassing the cap space needed to re-sign Dwyane Wade and add Chris Bosh and James.
And then, later in the Brown's introductory session, the "elephant" returned.
"Dan," came a question, "are you saying the elephant in the room did not enter into your thinking at all in this hire?"
Gilbert, "This is such a different business. It's such a different business than any other business in the world for two reasons: Number one, in other businesses, there's so many more options of things you can do. And number two, you don't live in a fish bowl, where everybody's watching every move and debating every move.
Fine, so we'll debate. From those closest to LeBron, the sense is that Brown hardly enhances the chances of James returning to Cleveland. But what the re-hiring of Brown does is put the Cavaliers in a potentially better situation to entice the type of free agents who might therefore entice James.
Gilbert, of course, could have ended it all by saying, "This has nothing to do with adding any specific individual free agent." Except there's still hope in Cleveland, with no need to extinguish that hope.
Eventually, James' name itself was brought up during the media session, with a question about how Brown got LeBron to buy into his concepts.
Otherwise, vagueness and a prayer.
"There's also a ton of cap space available to us to exercise at the right time," Gilbert said.
So, yes, there yet could be some big-game hunting by the Cavaliers. But the addition of Brown, by itself, did little to move the targeted prey any closer to capture.
HERE'S WHY: There's been a lot of buzz about LeBron James potentially being a unanimous MVP selection, with the announcement of the winner now only days away. But after seeing some of the curious voting with some of the early awards, keep in mind that among the media members who are included in the balloting are broadcasters under direct contract to teams. That's not to say that those aren't also some of the most knowledgeable voters. But if your paycheck comes embossed with a team logo, would you want a unanimous vote that shows you didn't vote for, say, Kevin Durant or Carmelo Anthony or Chris Paul, if you were employed by one of those teams? It's a tough spot for the NBA, with a dwindling number of beat writers and independent broadcasters. But it also severely reduces the chances for any award to be unanimous, even with the votes being kept anonymous.
GOING, GONE: Yes, that is former Heat 2009 draft-night acquisition Patrick Beverley mucking up the Rockets-Thunder series as part of Houston's backcourt rotation. Enough of a prospect to receive two seasons' worth of pay from the Heat without actually ever playing for the Heat, the gritty guard eventually was released by the Heat on Oct. 5, 2010, with Eddie House and Carlos Arroyo instead retained in the backcourt. Beverly's rights essentially were obtained in a swap of second-rounders when the Heat flipped 2009 selection Marcus Thornton, who has gone on to have a productive NBA career, to New Orleans on draft night. Before latching on with the Rockets, Beverley thrived in Europe as a defensive specialist.
MAKES SENSE: Putting aside that his cousin is David Thompson, that he is from Shelby, N.C., or that he played at Appalachian State, former Heat coach Alvin Gentry makes perfect sense as the next coach of the Charlotte Bobcats. To a degree, Gentry is the anti-Mike Dunlap, personable with an easy-going nature, but also well aware of the differences between the approach of college and NBA coaches. Whether Gentry wants to go through another rebuilding process, which eventually wore him down before he was dismissed the past season with the Phoenix Suns, is another story.
WORTH WAITING: While former Heat guard Brian Shaw, now an Indiana Pacers assistant coach, has been linked to several coaching vacancies, patience might prove prudent. With Phil Jackson, Shaw's former bench boss with the Los Angeles Lakers, interested in possibly running a front office, it might behoove Shaw to see if Jackson winds up in a possible Seattle situation, or with the Philadelphia 76ers, Toronto Raptors or elsewhere. Jackson, who is not interested in also coaching, figures to have Shaw and Kurt Rambis on speed dial when it comes to his coaching choices.
ONE MORE TIME: Even in the postseason there is word of the preseason, with the Sprint Center announcing this past week that the Heat have been scheduled for an exhibition in Kansas City for the fifth time. This time the Mario Chalmers comeback tour will feature the Charlotte Bobcats as the opposition, on Oct. 11.
21. Times Ray Allen has made five or more 3-pointers in a playoff game, including Thursday for the Heat against the Bucks. Next closest, according to Elias Sports Bureau, was Reggie Miller with 13 such performances.
firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him at twitter.com/iraheatbeat.


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Business Economics and Public Policy News
November 12, 2012
The article cites Prof. Morris among a group of academics tapped for their input on voter psychology and the role it played in the 2012 election.
Academic 'Dream Team' Helped Obama's Effort
November 08, 2012
Henry Miller '70 Keynotes Program for Financial Studies Conference
Henry Miller '70 shared how lessons he has learned restructuring private companies could help solve both national and local deficit problems.
October 31, 2012
Prof. Khandelwal discusses the impact of globalization on the US presidential election.
With a Misleading Ad, the Global Supply Chain Takes Center Stage in the US Election
September 28, 2012
Prof. Sundaresan explains the implications of the recent UK Libor reform proposals.
July 31, 2012
Greenwald and Stiglitz Talk Globalization with Students
Professors Bruce Greenwald and Joseph Stiglitz shared their expertise on globalization with Executive MBA students during a course at Columbia Business School July 22-26.
July 09, 2012
Prof. Ang explains the LIBOR rate and who's regulating it.
Libor Explained: How Manipulated Rates Could Be Hurting (Or Helping) You
June 22, 2012
Prof. Ang talks about how credit downgrades, such as Moody's, will affect future operations by big banks.
A Sober New Reality in Credit Downgrades for Banks
June 12, 2012
Prof. Nakamura co-authors an op-ed addressing the degradation of national statistics in light of a bill passed by the US House of Representatives that would eliminate the American Community Survey and the Economic Census.
Don't Replace Data With Ideology
May 21, 2012
The article cites Prof. Ferri's research on the impact of "say on pay" legislation in the UK.
Shareholders Cut CEO Pay in Backlash
May 11, 2012
Richman Center Partners with Intelligence Squared US
Intelligence Squared US has announced a new partnership with the School's Richard Paul Richman Center for Business, Law, and Public Policy, a joint venture of Columbia Business School and Columbia Law School.
May 04, 2012
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April 25, 2012
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Industry News | June 21, 2013
NFL Great Jerome Bettis Goes All the Way With Papa John's
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Papa John's, the Official Pizza Sponsor of the NFL, announced the latest signing to its all-star lineup as legendary NFL running back Jerome "The Bus" Bettis was introduced as the brand's newest franchisee.
Bettis, in partnership with Bajco Group, now owns three restaurants in Pittsburgh.
"Papa John's is the recognized leader in quality, which extends from our superior pizza to our leading-quality franchisees," says John Schnatter, Papa John's founder, chairman, and CEO. "Having Jerome as a franchisee is huge for the Papa John's brand and for our customers in Pittsburgh. After getting to know him over the years, I have no doubt that he will be able to replicate his success on the field at the restaurants."
Bettis purchased his Papa John's restaurants through a partnership with Bajco Group, which owns 12 restaurants in the Pittsburgh area. The partnership plans to open additional restaurants in the Pittsburgh area over the next couple of years.
"We are thrilled to partner with Jerome to purchase these restaurants," says Nadeem Bajwa, CEO of Bajco Group. "Jerome is a fierce competitor with high integrity, and I'm proud to be his business partner. He is an iconic figure in Pittsburgh and I have no doubt these restaurants will do very well."
Bettis's involvement with Papa John's dates to 2011, when he was featured in Papa John's Super Bowl XLVI Coin Toss commercial with Schnatter and Denver Broncos quarterback and fellow Papa John's franchisee Peyton Manning.
"I've been a fan of Papa John's for a long time and am excited to be a part of the team," Bettis says. "I've always been a part of winning organizations and Papa John's is no exception. I'm particularly impressed with the brand's focus on quality and drive to be the best. I'm also impressed with John's passion to continue growing the brand around the world."
To celebrate this new partnership, all Pittsburgh-area Papa John's restaurants will offer 36 percent off all menu prices when customers order online using promo code PJBUS36. This offer is good from Thursday, June 20, through Sunday, June 23, and will also be honored at the Papa John's restaurants in the Johnstown, Pennsylvania area; Youngstown, Ohio; and South Bend, Indiana.
Bettis, who won a Super Bowl with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2006, ranks sixth on the NFL's all-time rushing list with 13,662 yards, and is one of six players in NFL history to rush for 13,000 yards.
He is one of only eight players in NFL history to rush for 1,000 yards for eight or more seasons. He ranks third in NFL history with 3,369 rushing attempts and was selected to the Pro Bowl eight times, including his rookie season, and has been a finalist on the Pro Football Hall of Fame list over the last three years.
He was acknowledged by NFL for his charity work and named "2001 NFL Walter Payton Man of the Year."
Bettis finished his college career at Notre Dame averaging 5.7 yards per carry and was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams 10th overall in 1993. He was named NFL Co-Rookie of the Year.
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|Solder Joint Reliability of Different BGAs Reworked Using Low Melting Point Pb-Free Alloys
|Written by Simin Bagheri, Polina Snugovsky, Zohreh Bagheri, Craig Hamilton and Heather McCormick
|Sunday, 31 August 2008 19:00
Under testing, uniform joint microstructures and reliable joints were observed.
A novel low melt rework solution was previously reported by the authors from the results of a multi-phase Stage 1 investigation.6 The work included the evaluation of three commercially available alloys and the creation of optimized rework profiles with reduced rework temperatures. Based on the metallurgical analysis and a limited ATC study on RIA2 test vehicles, a low melting In-containing alloy was selected for further investigation.
A comprehensive thermal fatigue reliability study of the solder joints formed after reworking BGAs was performed in Stage 2 testing and analysis. This work was performed on RIA3 test vehicles using the low melting indium-containing alloy selected in Stage 1.
Background (Stage 1)
The initial low melt rework investigation was performed in four sequential phases on RIA2 test vehicles. The first phase was an investigation of joint microstructures resulting after rework using three different low melt alloys. Three commercially available alloys were selected (Table 1). Alloys A and C were alloys containing indium, and Alloy B was a Bi-containing alloy.
In this phase, all BGAs on a limited number of RIA2 boards with OSP finish were reworked in air. Hot gas rework profiles were created and optimized for each solder paste. The criteria for rework parameter optimization were proper shape of solder joint after rework, minimized voiding, uniform microstructure and absence of or reduced low-melt phases in the solder joint.
In the second phase, optimized rework profiles were used. This phase was performed on a limited number of RIA2 boards with an ENIG finish. Only alloys A and B were included for this part of the investigation. Alloy C was dropped off the matrix due to the unknown properties of the high In-content solder joints.5
The third phase compared 1X and 2X rework processes in air and nitrogen environments. In this phase, boards with immersion Ag, OSP and ENIG finishes were reworked using alloy A. The influence of rework on adjacent components, PBGA 196 and CSP 46 (Figure 1) was also investigated at this stage.
[ Click here to see the figures. (2.25 MB) ]
Two scenarios were analyzed. First, both PBGA 196 and CSP 46 were removed at the same time. Then the CSP 46 component was replaced using the low melt In-containing alloy A. After that, the PBGA 196 was placed using the same low melt alloy. The second scenario was more thermally challenging. The CSP 46 component was removed and a new component was placed using low melt In-containing alloy A. Then the PBGA 196, which was originally assembled with SAC 385 solder paste, was removed using high heat to melt the SAC alloy. Finally, the new PBGA 196 was placed using low melt In-containing alloy A.
In the fourth phase, the influence on thermal fatigue life of each of 1X and 2X reworked components using optimized profiles was studied on limited RIA2 boards using alloy A and alloy B. On all boards, two identical BGAs were assembled. During this phase, one of each component was reworked using low melting alloys and one remained untouched (primary attach). After low melt rework, the boards were tested using accelerated thermal cycling (ATC). Results indicated solder joints reworked using In-containing alloy A performed better or comparable to primary attach joints. Joints reworked with Bi-containing alloy (alloy B) failed before the non-reworked component; therefore, alloy B was excluded from further analysis.
Experimental (Stage 2)
Based on results obtained in Stage 1, In-containing alloy A was chosen for further analysis in Stage 2. In Stage 2, a comprehensive investigation of the thermal fatigue reliability of the low melt reworked solder joints was performed per IPC-9701.1 BGAs on RIA3 boards were reworked using In-containing alloy A. The reworked solder joint performance was then compared to that of the primary attach joints, as well as to components conventionally reworked using SAC 385 paste.
The RIA3 test vehicle was 8" x 10" with 12 copper layers and available in 0.093" and 0.125" thicknesses. This TV was designed to represent a mid-range complexity product with greater assembly process challenges, and was made from a Pb-free compatible laminate material capable of withstanding the higher temperature requirements of lead-free processing. Surface finishes used on the RIA3 test vehicles for this investigation were immersion silver (ImAg) and electrolytic nickel immersion gold (ENIG). This test vehicle is daisy-chained and permits four wire in-situ monitoring of the components during ATC (Figure 2).
The RIA3 TV covers a range of component technologies (Table 2). In the TV design, two PBGA 196 components were added at the bottom side for the rework cells, which were a mirror image of the two PBGA 196s populated on the topside.
Primary SMT assembly was performed with noclean SAC 385 paste using a standard 10 zone reflow oven, in air.
One-time hot gas rework was performed on all BGAs on RIA3 TVs with different thicknesses. Site re-dressing was performed following component removal. Low melt solder (In-containing alloy A) was then applied to the re-dressed sites for all components. The rework process was performed under nitrogen for all boards. Figure 3 shows locations of the reworked components. The matrix for this investigation is in Table 3.
Cell 6-1 and 6-2 were designed to investigate the thermal fatigue reliability of solder joints formed on all components reworked using low melt In-containing alloy A on 0.093" boards with ImmAg and ENIG finishes. Cell 6-3 and 6-4 were included to assess similar properties, but on 0.125"-thick boards. These low melt rework cells 6-1 to 6-4 were incorporated in a much larger experimental matrix in Celestica's RIA3 Lead-Free project. This project included conventional rework as well. A comparison between low melting and conventional rework was also performed.
Test Protocols
Thermal shock preconditioning was completed for all test boards prior to the start of accelerated thermal cycling. This preconditioning was intended to simulate the worst-case thermal conditions a product might experience during shipping from the assembly site to the customer. Cards were electrically tested before and after the preconditioning. Nets showing a 20% or greater resistance increase were deemed to have failed. After completion of this test, preconditioned cards were loaded into the thermal chambers for further cycling. ATC was then carried out according to IPC-9701 for standard area array packaging. The profile selected was 0° to 100°C, with a minimum dwell time of 10 min., measured on the solder joints. The full test duration was planned to be 6000 cycles. Cards were mounted in racks, which held the cards in position inside the chambers and permitted air to circulate freely around them (Figure 4). These cards were in-situ monitored for the duration of the test using dataloggers. Failure was defined as five consecutive measurements showing a 20% or greater increase over the initial reference value. The initial reference value is the electrical resistance of a daisy net during the hot dwell on the first thermal cycle.
Microstructure of Reworked Solder Joints
As-assembled and reworked solder joints were examined before and after thermal cycling using optical and scanning electron microscopy and x-ray analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was also performed to study the solder joint solidification after mixing of the low melt solder with SAC 385 balls during rework. The DSC results showed, if full mixing was achieved, the low melt liquid was completely consumed and the resulting composition crystallized at a reasonably high temperature range.
In general, in this study, the low melt solder paste was melted at temperatures below the SAC 385 solder ball melting point. The solid solder balls dissolved in the molten solder. In general, the dissolution process depends on the rework parameters of temperature and time, and may cause full or partial mixing. In addition to temperature and time, the ratio between solder ball and solder paste volume is especially important for complete mixing, and causes different microstructures for different components. Snugovsky, et al described the theory of solid solder ball dissolution in molten solder.7
Metallurgical analysis was performed on all solder joints after rework, and their microstructure was characterized. No time-zero defects or open joints were found using a BGA scope, optical microscopy or SEM. Solder joints were properly formed, collapsed normally and well-shaped (Figure 5). It was also observed that for all reworked joints, the microstructure was uniform and fully mixed. There was no portion of initial solder ball visible in the cross-sections of reworked solder joints. This finding confirms the component solder balls were fully dissolved in the liquefied solder paste during reflow, and the resulting liquid solidified during cooling.
Transmissive x-ray was used to inspect the assemblies for defects and to assess the level of voiding. No assembly defects were noted, but all cells showed some voiding. In all cases, voiding was within acceptable levels per IPC-A-610-D.9
The DSC heating curves for reworked CBGA and PBGA196 solder joints using In-containing alloy A are illustrated in Figure 6. These curves confirm the metallurgical observations reported above.
As shown in Figure 6(a), for reworked CBGAs, the melting of a joint starts at 208°C, 17°C higher than the In-containing solder paste melting point. It melts in a relatively narrow temperature range, and stops melting at 212°C. This range is much below 217°C, the melting temperature of SAC solder balls. Reworked PBGA 196 solder joints finish melting at an even lower temperature (209°C), confirming SAC 385 solder balls are completely consumed, Figure 6(b). Melting begins at 178°C.
The final composition of CBGA joints after rework using In-containing alloy A is 3.7-3.8 % Ag, 3.8-4.0 % In, and 0.4-1.0 % Cu, depending on the board surface finish. The microstructures of these joints are very similar to those of pure Sn-Ag-Cu alloys. CBGA reworked solder joints have Ag3Sn plates, Sn dendrites, and eutectic in inter-dendritic spaces. The number of Ag3Sn plates is small, and they are not large in size, Figure 7(a). The EDX analysis revealed indium in the Ag3Sn particles and the Sn matrix. These data are consistent with the literature on SnAgIn alloy microstructure formation.8 The ternary liquidus projection phase diagram9 (Figure 8) may be used to interpret the microstructures. It shows that for low In-content (0 to approximately 4 atom %), the compound phase is the Ag3Sn type, with some indium substituted for tin. The matrix phase is the βSn type.
PBGA 196 joints after rework contain 3.6-3.7 % Ag, 6.0-6.2 % In, and 0.4 -1.0 % Cu. Tin dendrites and eutectic are present in the microstructure. Large primary intermetallic particles that have a specific flower shape, shown in Figure 7(b), are detected in the PBGA 196 reworked solder joints. This compound contains a significant amount of indium and is more likely the Ag2.7 (In,Sn) type. It was found9 that for intermediate In content in alloys (approximately 4 to 6 at %), the compound phase has the approximate composition of Ag2.7 (In,Sn), where the indium and tin contents are approximately equal. It also may be the Ag2In type that forms in alloys with a high In-content (greater than approximately 6 at %). The occurrence and size of the particles depend on the rework parameters, and may be significantly reduced by optimizing the profile.
The reworked CSP46 microstructure is similar to PBGA 196. There are no significant differences between 1X and 2X reworks on ImAg and ENIG finishes. The influence of rework of the adjacent PBGA 196 was negligible.
The reaction intermetallic layer at the board side is (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 with 3-5 % Ni. The intermetallic on the component side is a ternary compound, SnCuNi, with a nickel content in the range of 10-15%. For the OSP and ImAg finished boards, the thickness of the intermetallic layer on the board side is about 5 µm in CBGA joints and 6µm in PBGA 196 joints, in both cases after 1X and 2X rework. The intermetallic layers on the board side of the ENIG boards is much thinner, about 1.8 µm and 2.5µm in CBGA and PBGA 196 joints, respectively.
Both CBGA and PBGA 196 solder joint compositions after rework with In-containing alloy A provided an excellent balance of the desirable properties: strength, plasticity, fatigue life and superb fatigue resistance. The described microstructures are also favorable for high reliability of the reworked solder joints.
There were no differences found between the microstructures of components reworked in air and nitrogen.
Accelerated Thermal Cycling
The ATC results reported below are based on 2500 cycles completed to date. The test is currently ongoing to a target of 6000 cycles.
Weibull plots were generated for CBGA and PBGA196 components reworked using the low melt In-containing alloy A, as well as for primary attached components and components reworked using conventional rework process (SAC 385 alloy). These are the only two components that have failed up to this cycle count.
CBGA. Plots for CBGAs comparing the thermal fatigue reliability of low melt reworked CBGAs to that of the primary attached parts is shown in Figure 9.
As can be seen in Figure 9, cell 6-1, the thermal fatigue reliability of the solder joints formed after rework using low melt In-containing alloy A is significantly better than that of the primary attached joints where SAC 385 alloy was used. A similar trend was observed for the other cells.
Figure 10 compares the Weibull plots of reworked solder joints formed on thick (0.125") boards with different surface finishes. This illustrates CBGAs reworked using the low melt In-containing alloy performed slightly better on boards with ENIG than on ImAg.
Figure 11 shows the performance of low melt reworked CBGAs on boards with different thicknesses. No difference was observed between cells 6-1 and 6-3, which had board thicknesses of 0.093" and 0.125", respectively.
Weibull plots for all four low melt reworked cells are shown in Figure 12. The thermal fatigue reliability of CBGA components reworked using low melt In-containing alloy is very similar for all cells. This plot confirms the performance of the ENIG finish on both board thicknesses is slightly better than that of the ImAg finish.
Figure 13 compares thermal fatigue reliability of low melt reworked CBGAs on thick boards (0.125") with ImAg and ENIG finishes with that of the conventionally reworked components on 0.125"-thick boards with OSP finish. The conventional rework was part of the original matrix and was performed on the same test vehicle using the optimized rework process parameters.
The surface finish on the conventionally reworked cell was OSP. These plots illustrate the performance of low melt reworked components in both cells 6-3 and 6-4 is comparable to that of the conventionally reworked parts.
In general, CBGAs reworked using the In-containing alloy (with a final resultant joint composition of 3.7-3.8 % Ag, 3.8-4.0 % In, 0.4-1.0 % Cu, and remainder Sn) outperformed non-reworked pure SAC385 joints.
Figure 14 shows the 1% failures for reworked and primary cells 6-1 and 6-2. The 1% failure for the low melt reworked components is better than that of the primary attach. Reworked solder joints outperform as-assembled joints formed on ImmAg and ENIG by a factor of 2 and 6, respectively.
Microstructure after ATC. CBGAs that failed early during ATC were cut from the boards and analyzed using electrical probing (just after retrieval from the ATC chamber), optical and scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray. Microstructures of mixed CBGA joints after ATC were characterized. The analyses revealed the mode for all failures was normal and was identified as thermal fatigue cracks through the solder balls at the component level for all (Figure 15a). In general, for all cells after ATC, CBGA cracks initiated from the solder/component interface. In addition to major cracks that caused open circuits, some board side cracks were also observed, which are normal in the case of CBGAs (Figure 15b). Some diagonal and vertical cracks also formed at the corner balls. These cracks then propagated through the bulk of the solder (Figure 16).
These observations confirm previously reported results for the failure mode of CBGAs.11
PBGA 196. Weibull plots for PBGA 196 components reworked using In-containing alloy A were generated and compared to that of the primary attached (pure SAC 385) for all cells (Figure 17).
Again, as was shown for CBGAs, thermal fatigue reliability of the solder joints formed after reworking PBGA196s using low melt In-containing alloy A is either comparable to or slightly better than that of the primary attached (where SAC 385 alloy was used).
Figure 18 shows thermal fatigue reliability of the low melt reworked PBGA 196 and conventionally reworked components. These data were generated on boards with 0.125" thicknesses. It is shown the performance of the low melt reworked components in cell 6-3, ImAg finish, is significantly better than that of the cell 5-2, OSP finish, particularly in terms of early failures.
Microstructure after ATC. Failure analysis of the low melt reworked PBGA 196 components indicated, in all cases, failure modes were normal and cracks occurred at the component side (Figure 19).
PBGA256, PBGA676 and CSP64s. Event plots for PBGA256, PBGA676 and CSP64 components reworked using In-containing alloy A were generated. Thermal fatigue reliability performance of the primary attached (pure SAC 385) components for all cells were compared to that of the low melt reworked components, and the conventionally reworked components (Cell 5-2).
Figure 20 compares thermal fatigue reliability of the low melt reworked PBGA 256s to that of the primary attached on cells 6-1 and 6-2. It clearly can be seen performance of the low melt reworked components is either comparable or slightly better than primary attached on boards with different surface finishes.
Figure 21 compares performance of the low melt reworked PBGA 256 components to that of the conventionally reworked (5-2). These reworks were all performed on 0.125"-thick boards. Surface finish was ImAg on cell 6-1 and HTOSP on cell 5-2.
Thermal fatigue reliability performance is comparable in these cases.
Figure 22 illustrates thermal fatigue reliability performance of the low melt reworked PBGA676 components compared to that of the primary attach on cells 6-1 and 6-2.
Figure 23 compares performance of the low melt reworked PBGA 676 components to that of the conventionally reworked. These reworks were all performed on 0.125"-thick boards. In all cases, thermal fatigue reliability performance of the low melt reworked components is either comparable or significantly better than that of the conventionally reworked.
Figure 24 compares thermal fatigue reliability of the low melt reworked CSP64s to that of the primary attached on cells 6-1 and 6-2. The low melt reworked components are again showing significantly better performance on both surface finishes.
Microstructure after ATC. Failure analysis of the low melt reworked PBGA 676, PBGA 256 and CSP 64 components indicated, in all cases, failure modes were normal and cracks occurred at the component side (Figure 25).
The authors would like to thank Joel Trudell of Celestica for rework profiling and Russell Brush of Celestica for ATC testing and data analysis.
Ed.: This paper was originally presented at SMTA Toronto 2008 and is published with permission.
|Last Updated on Monday, 08 September 2008 07:18
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Parity emerges among EMS Factories from Asia, Mexico and the US.
For the first time in years we see parity in the Eastern US among EMS factories from Asia, Mexico and the US. This EMS market condition will permit American OEMs (the EMS industry refers to OEMs as customers) to have more EMS pathways to choose from. Now more than ever, such EMS assignments will require deeper investigation relating to the OEMs' evaluation of manufacturing strategies.
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Description: FIBRE CHANNEL ARRAY KIT Option Part# 223104-001
Overview:The Compaq Fiber Channel Storage system builds on Compaq's successful external storage product line by adding an external RAID controller with 6th generation RAID technology and a 100 MB/s Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop (FCAL) host to storage interface. The result is an external storage system that is ideal for databases data marts web servers server consolidation e-mail and other applications that require scalability and bandwidth for growing storage needs.
Part Number223104-001
Products ID1056


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