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The only thing everyone seems to agree on is this: Matt Gudgeon walked into Honky Tonk BBQ in Pilsen on Sept. 8 wearing a perfectly clean J. Crew shirt.
He walked out wearing a mustard-stained mess.
Almost every detail of how his shirt got stained is disputed, although all sides agree that Gudgeon deserves some kind of compensation. Just how much is the question.
Amy Gudgeon, who emailed What's Your Problem?, said she and her husband took friends to Honky Tonk last month because they were big fans of the food. As their server was walking by, she dropped a tray carrying a ramekin of mustard, Gudgeon said.
The ramekin hit the floor and the mustard splashed her husband's shirt, she said.
The server gave her husband paper towels and club soda to dab it out. Gudgeon said she didn't say anything at the time because she didn't think it was a big deal.
"I'm not usually a complainer," Gudgeon said. "I just thought it would come out in the wash."
Turns out, mustard doesn't come out in the wash. Gudgeon took the shirt to a dry cleaner, which failed to remove the blotchy yellow stains.
Stuck with a ruined shirt, Gudgeon called Honky Tonk. She asked to be reimbursed. Her reasoning: A Honky Tonk employee spilled the mustard, so Honky Tonk should pay.
Her call was patched through to owner Beth Wagner. Both sides have since described the conversation as tense and generally unproductive.
Gudgeon asked for compensation. The owner apologized and asked how much the shirt cost. Gudgeon said $75. That's when things spiraled out of control.
Wagner told the Problem Solver later that she felt like she was being extorted.
She disputed Gudgeon's account of what happened Sept. 8, saying instead that a squeeze bottle of Carolina Mustard Garlic Sauce was knocked off a table and squirted Gudgeon's husband.
But the part that really stuck in Wagner's craw was the price of the J. Crew shirt.
"It's just hard for me to understand because I've never owned a $75 shirt in my life," she said. "In Pilsen, we must not realize how expensive shirts can be. The only place you buy shirts around here with a $75 bill, you have to buy in bulk."
Wagner said she offered Gudgeon $20 to pay for the dry cleaning and told her that if she brought the stained shirt back to the restaurant along with a catalog showing how much a replacement would cost, she would pay for a replacement.
Gudgeon said the offer wasn't nearly that nice. She said Wagner offered a $10 gift certificate and told her that if she brought in the shirt and the catalog, she would turn them over the restaurant's lawyer, who would then decide whether to pay for a new shirt.
Either way, the dispute lingered for several weeks. Then Gudgeon contacted What's Your Problem?
Gudgeon said obtaining compensation for the shirt "had become a point of principle" for her, in large part because she thought Wagner was rude to her when she called.
"It doesn't matter if you were at McDonald's or you were at Tru, if a waitress spills on your shirt, they should pay for it," Gudgeon said. "It wasn't like I was eating ribs and I wiped my hands all over my husband's shirt."


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This and That
I live in Greenfield with my husband and cat. I work full time. Frugality and simplicity have been a part of my life long before they became popular and it has made life a lot less stressful. I love volunteering, home improvement/decorating, crafting and gardening.
Christmas Is Like A Wedding
I was thinking the day after Christmas that the holidays are like a wedding. All the preparation and expenses and then it's over in a flash.
From what I could tell, the store and mall parking lots before and even now are packed with cars - this can be a good thing for our economy. It can be a good thing even for us frugal people who like "big" bargains. I'm buying for next year's gifts already. I pack them in a box and mark the box so that I know what's in it and I'm ready for next year's gift giving. I've also got some ideas for homemade treats that I've found in some of the magazines I've come across (Thank you, Martha).

subset: commoncrawl


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By Rabbi Hillel Danziger (Translator) Rabbi Yosaif Asher Weiss (Translator) Rabbi Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Editor)
List Price: $40.99
Online Discount: 10%
You Pay Only: $36.89Catalog #: DTBK1 ISBN-10: 1578196345 ISBN-13: 9781578196340Binding: Hardcover / Pages: 552Dimensions: 7 x 10 inches / Weight: 2.10 LBSPublished: by ArtScroll Mesorah PublicationsIn Stock?: LOW
For many years, travelers have been asking for a smaller, lighter, edition of the Schottenstein Edition of the Talmud. Finally - it's here! Every word of the full-size edition is here, but on a compact 7" x 10" page size lighter, with thinner paper.
As new volumes in the full-size Schottenstein Edition are published in the series, we plan to publish this smaller, Daf Yomi sizeEdition, as well, so you can keep up with Daf Yomi or expand your sets on an ongoing basis. So if you want the advantages of the full-size edition, you'll still have it. But if you're a traveler who needs a smaller size or your budget is tight, the blatt Gemara can still be yours, and you can take it with you.
Browse Related Books:Books > Talmud > Talmud - Schottenstein English Daf Yomi Size Ed.
Other Selected Titles by Rabbi Hillel Danziger:
Guardian Of JerusalemInterlinear Tehillim / Psalms Pocket Size, Hard Cover The Schottenstein editionSchottenstein Ed Talmud - English Full Size [#71] - Niddah Vol 1 (2a-39b)Tehillim / Psalms - 1 Vol Full Size Alligator LeatherYad Avraham Mishnah Series:25 Tractates AVODAH ZARAH, HORAYOS (Seder Nezikin)
Other Selected Titles by Rabbi Yosaif Asher Weiss:
A DAILY DOSE OF TORAH SERIES 3 V. 13: Weeks of Ki Savo through Ha'azinu ebookDarash Moshe IISchottenstein Ed Talmud - English Full Size [#05] - Shabbos Vol 3 (76b-115a
Other Selected Titles by Rabbi Yisroel Simcha Schorr:
Schottenstein Daf Yomi Ed Talmud English [#33b] - Sotah Vol 2 (27b-49b)Schottenstein Ed Talmud - English Digital Ed. Sample Shabbos (2a-8b)


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Rubber ducky enjoys a splash.
I remember vividly the day I realized I had forgotten to explain exactly how a shower curtain works. Once my twins had outgrown bubble baths and were able to shower on their own, I gradually let them become more and more independent with their shower time.
That's when I learned the hard way that you must explain things in detail to little ones. As I walked into the bathroom after one of my children had taken a shower, water actually sloshed from the rug under my feet. It looked like gallons of water had been poured on the floor. My kid never realized the curtain needed to be on the inside of the tub during a shower.
Lesson learned, and thankfully no one got hurt. But there are many ways little kids can get hurt when they are learning to shower on their own. Fortunately, most shower hazards are preventable. Here are a few dangers you will want to look out for if your children are beginning to shower independently.
Hot tap water can be deadly, because burns such as those a child may get in the shower cover large portions of their body. Tap water can scald a child in just seconds, and little ones can accidentally adjust the faucet before you even know what is happening. According to Safe Kids, "Scalds can be prevented by lowering the setting on water heater thermostats to 120 degrees Fahrenheit or below and by installing anti-scald devices in water faucets and shower heads."
Showers are slippery, and falls in the shower can be especially dangerous. If your shower does not already have a non-slip surface, you can help protect your kids by adding adhesive non-slip strips for traction. Consider covering the faucet with a soft cover, too, to help cushion any falls.
Although drowning deaths and injuries have greatly declined over the past two decades, the bathtub is still a dangerous place for children. You may think your child is safer in a shower than a bath because the water is not so deep. But children can drown in only a tiny amount of water, and a dropped washcloth or the flick of a lever can plug the drain, causing the tub to fill rapidly.
Many women and some men keep their razors in the shower. These can cause serious cuts to curious children. It's best to store them outside the shower if you'll be sharing the space with kids.
Shampoo and body wash bottles are heavy. So are many of the accessories hung by suction cups on the shower wall. Remember these items are generally above a child's head, and when they fall they can cause substantial injuries. Store toiletries and toys down low and keep shower clutter to a minimum.
Even the shower curtain can be a danger if your child is left unattended. Kids can easily pull a shower curtain down on top of them in the tub, especially if it is hung on a tension rod, and may suffocate. The best way to keep young children who are learning to shower safe is to stay nearby so you can react quickly if there is trouble.Content by Tavia Fuller Armstrong.


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Deadliest Catch: Catch Raw
Watch a day in the life of Deadliest Catch - 12 incredible hours of raw footage from the deck cameras of your favorite boats!Check It Out!
Cody Lundin and Joe Teti have been through a lot of very dangerous survival situations together, but even they may not be prepared for what the Sri Lankan swamps have in store for them. Between crocodile-filled waters and a distressed herd of elephants, will they make it out alive?
Bios: Who are Cody and Joe?
Sneak Peek: First Look at the New Season
In this new series, former "Naked Castaway" Ed Stafford attempts to not only survive - but thrive - in some of the world's toughest environments. In the first episode, Ed encounters dangerous predators while surviving alone (with just his camera) for 10 days in Botswana.
About: Learn More about Marooned
Bios: Meet Ed Stafford
In the first part of this special two-part episode, Richard gets his hands on one of the coolest cars ever made: the first two original Firebirds. Can Richard take these rusted and rough cars to perfection with a crushing deadline and steep financial penalty if he's late? Meanwhile, Aaaron learns how to race.
Social Hub: Join the Conversation
How Well Do You Know Your Cars? Find Out!
What happens when Will and Joe disagree over which RJF rifle to debut as a prototype? They have a build-off!! Plus, a request comes in to have a long-range rifle mounted on a vehicle that can drive deep into the swamps.
Raw Footage: What You Didn't See on TV!
Photos: Last Week's Weapons
Pigman has just one thing on his mind this week: the annual King of the Arrow competition. Can he possibly stay on his game while Wes books a distracting hunt and Dap and Snag take out the Pig Rig?
Bios: Meet Pigman and Friends
Pigology 101: Know your Pigman Catchphrases!
Dual Survival (Season 4)
Dual Survival: Untamed (Season 3)
Dual Survival (Season 3)
I (Almost) Got Away With It (Season 5)
Disappeared (Season 1)
Dual Survival: Untamed (Season 3)
Dual Survival (Season 4)
Dual Survival (Season 4)
Dual Survival: Untamed (Season 3)
Watch a day in the life of Deadliest Catch - 12 incredible hours of raw footage from the deck cameras of your favorite boats!Check It Out!
Season 4 of Dual Survival begins tonight! Will the harsh environments Cody and Joe face this season prove to be too much for the team? Check out these sneak peek clips from this season!Watch Now!
Marooned premieres tonight at 10/9c! It sees Ed Stafford striving to prove to himself that he can not only survive in some of the world's toughest environments (with nothing but his camera), but also strive there as well.Learn More
In this edition of AHA, find out Jamie's idea of a great name for a baby, as well as his preferred title for a romance novel. Would you read a romance novel written by Jamie Hyneman?Watch Now!
You voted and now it's time to find out what you thought was the best prank in Deadliest Catch history!Find Out!
This past Sunday on the Naked and Afraid season finale, Sabrina found herself alone in Bolivia after Vince was forced to leave. So if she's alone, who's she talking to!?Watch Now!
Despite tales of overcrowding, fighting and tragedy, hundreds of people continue to try to summit Everest every year. What's the appeal?Read More
You're a genius Dap! Pigman's father creates an MBU: Mobile Barbecue Unit. And believe it or not, Quita thinks it just might work!Watch Now!
What's your idea of AWAY? Tweet your adventure photos @Discovery with the #ProudRVer hashtag for a chance to win a summer camping pack!Enter Now!


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Your trusty Chevrolet Monte Carlo steering rack is a vital part that you just can't lose. Your car's current steering rack is a very significant unit that belongs to your rack and pinion system, and it's basically responsible for generating the movement that causes your motor vehicle to move ahead. Maintaining the exceptional shape of your car components is the most effective way to lengthen the lifespan of your auto so be sure that you conduct maintenance checks to take care of your entire system.
The Chevrolet Monte Carlo steering rack within your vehicle is usually made using the best materials in the automotive business but with years of use, it will eventually deteriorate or stop functioning. There are several warning signs that you can watch out for to identify if you've got a faulty rack like lose steering and loud thumping sounds. Don't ever ignore a steering glitch no matter how simple it could possibly be since it can bring far greater predicaments in the future.
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11125 Arcade DrSte D, Little Rock
301 N Shackleford Rd Ste C3, Little Rock
My husband purchased me a gift certificate from Ava Bella for Motherâ??s Day. It was easy to make my appointments and when I came in the spa they made me feel like it was…
1701 Centerview Drive Suite 302, Little Rock
My stylist Qiana treats me really well. She does my hair really well and is very friendly and always smiling. her attitude is very nice and she always takes her time to make sure…
9500 Kanis Rd Ste 501, Little Rock
9805 Maumelle Blvd, N Little Rock
111 N Bowman Rd, Little Rock
On a rare visit to Little Rock I stopped into Walgreens and picked up a few items along with a Fathers Day card for my Pop. I had to drive 40 miles home in a horrible downpour. I…
16715 Cantrell Rd, Little Rock
There is a comfy, cozy charm to this salon, everyone makes you feel so welcome, the stylists are very attentive and listen to what you want, the pedicures and manicures are the…
400 N Bowman Rd, Little Rock
My wife and I go to Salon Karizma and we love it! Never a problem, and always friendly staff. Although I would say it's more of a salon for adults, they have cut our kids' hair…
12111 W Markham St, Little Rock
no longer at this location U&Me family haircutters 224-8444
1500 Macon Dr, Little Rock
We love our clients!!!!


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Governor Nixon will not call special session to look at income tax cut bill
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon has no plans to call a special legislative session to craft a new version of a bill cutting income taxes.
Nixon spokesman Scott Holste said Wednesday that trying to put together a new bill at the last moment would be an irresponsible approach to a complex issue.
Nixon vetoed a bill earlier this year that would cut income taxes. Lawmakers are to convene Sept. 11 to consider overriding that veto.
Republican House member T.J. Berry, of Kearney, was the sponsor of that bill. He had asked Nixon to call a special session to begin the same day as the veto session. Berry says lawmakers could correct problems Nixon noted in the legislation.
Holste says Nixon is willing to work on the issue during the 2014 session.
Missouri teachers union running ads supporting income tax cut veto
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - A Missouri teachers union says it is spending at least $100,000 on commercials urging state lawmakers to uphold the governor's veto of an income tax cut.
The Missouri chapter of the National Education Association says the TV and radio spots began running Tuesday and will continue for a week. The ads assert the tax cut would benefit "corporate special interests" while "stealing money from our schools."
Lawmakers are to convene Sept. 11 to decide whether to override Gov. Jay Nixon's veto.
Supporters of the legislation have been running their own ads for weeks. They have been financed largely by nearly $2.4 million in contributions from retired investment firm executive Rex Sinquefield.
Parts of Missouri experiencing "flash drought"
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) — Parts of southern Missouri experienced flash flooding this past month. Now parts of northern Missouri are in a flash drought.
That's the phrase being used to describe the sudden onset of drought conditions due to a spike in hot, dry, sunny days with low humidity.
A U.S. Drought Monitor map released last week shows that about a dozen northern Missouri counties are in a severe drought, and moderate drought conditions cover almost the whole northern half of the state.
University of Missouri climatologist Pat Guinan says this may have been the driest August since 1984 in northern Missouri. But because of cooler conditions earlier this summer, he says most crops were in decent condition until the last 10 days of August.
Several new MO laws take effect today
Dozens of new laws take affect in Missouri today. Among them is the new carry conceal permit law, which shifts the process of issuing permits to county sheriff's departments and away from the state Department of Revenue.
Other new laws on the books today will hike the fines for passing or speeding in emergency zones on highways, allow drivers to show proof of insurance using their smartphones and tablets, and let cities decide if they want to allow ATVs on their streets.
There's a new law encouraging Missouri schools to teach first-graders the National Rifle Association's Eddie Eagle Gunsafe Program.
And another that requires scrap metal dealers to keep records of transactions involving catalytic converters.
Missouri lawmaker arrested for drug possession
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - A Missouri lawmaker arrested for possessing marijuana says he is resigning from a Democratic campaign position but not from office.
Rep. Jeremy LaFaver said Monday he is stepping down as chairman of the House Democratic Victory Committee, which raises money for House candidates.
But LaFaver told The Associated Press he is not resigning from the House, because he believes he can still be an effective lawmaker.
The Missouri Republican Party has said LaFaver should resign.
LaFaver was arrested Sunday after a traffic stop in Boone County for possessing a marijuana pipe and up to 1.2 ounces of marijuana. He has apologized for the incident.
LaFaver sponsored an unsuccessful bill this year that would have lowered penalties for possessing small amounts of marijuana.
Body positively identified as 12-year-old Missouri girl
GOLDEN CITY, Mo. (AP) - Authorities say a body found in southwest Missouri is that of 12-year-old Adriaunna Horton, who had been missing since Monday.
The Missouri State Highway Patrol announced the identification late Thursday. Adriaunna was last seen when she got into a vehicle in Golden City, where she lived with her father. Her mother lives in Overland Park, Kan.
A man who once worked with the girl's father, 34-year-old Bobby Bourne Jr. of Lamar, has been jailed on charges of kidnapping. He's being held on $1 million bond.
The Joplin Globe reports Bourne is now in the Jasper County jail. Derek Walrod, a captain with the Jasper County Sheriff's Department, says Barton County officials wanted Bourne transferred to a larger, more secure jail.
KTRS Rejects Gov. Rick Perry's Commercial
It has come to the attention of KTRS management that a commercial running on KTRS Radio, voiced by Texas Governor Rick Perry, is asking Missouri business to move to Texas. When the order was placed, KTRS was under the assumption these commercials were going to promote tourism to Texas. Once we, the Management of KTRS realized these commercials were instead focused on stealing locally owned companies away from St Louis, we suspended airing these commercials immediately. We understand people have different viewpoints on public policy and we welcome that debate everyday on our airways. But as one of the few remaining locally owned radio stations in the country, we feel the need to stand strong with other small locally owned business and defend our region. Governor Rick Perry, Don't Mess with Missouri, and don't mess with St Louis.
KTRS Rejects Gov. Rick Perry's Commercial
It has come to the attention of KTRS management that a commercial running on KTRS Radio, voiced by Texas Governor Rick Perry, is asking Missouri business to move to Texas. When the order was placed, KTRS was under the assumption these commercials were going to promote tourism to Texas. Once we, the Management of KTRS realized these commercials were instead focused on stealing locally owned companies away from St Louis, we suspended airing these commercials immediately. We understand people have different viewpoints on public policy and we welcome that debate everyday on our airways. But as one of the few remaining locally owned radio stations in the country, we feel the need to stand strong with other small locally owned business and defend our region. Governor Rick Perry, Don't Mess with Missouri, and don't mess with St Louis.
Health officials confirm 5th case of stomach illness
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - State health officials say a fifth case of cyclospora infection has been confirmed in Missouri.
The Department of Health and Senior Services said Tuesday the latest report came from a health provider in the Kansas City metropolitan area. The agency says the source of the illnesses has not been confirmed, and it's not known whether the Missouri cases are connected to those in other states.
Previously, cases of cyclospora infections have been reported in the Kansas City metro area and in Jackson, Taney and Miller counties.
Cyclospora infections are mostly found in tropical or subtropical countries. Symptoms include diarrhea, severe stomach cramps or nausea.
MO officials have plan to increase oversight of unaccredited schools
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - The State Board of Education is increasing its oversight of Missouri's unaccredited schools and hiring a consultant to help develop an improvement plan.
The board's action comes in advance of an Aug. 28 effective date for a new law allowing the state to more quickly intervene in unaccredited schools. Three districts currently lack accreditation - Kansas City and the suburban St. Louis systems of Normandy and Riverview Gardens.
State Education Commissioner Chris Nicastro says state personnel will increase classroom visits and interaction with local education officials.
The board also approved a contract with The Cities for Education Entrepreneurship Trust to analyze the reasons for failure in the Kansas City School District and make recommendations to improve it. The suggestions also could be used for other schools.
Latest News
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Man charged in connection to mother's murder
St. Louis, MO (KTRS) - A St. Louis man is facing first-degree murder charges in his mother's death. Prosecutors allege that Courtney Cunningham allegedly shot his...
Missouri lawmakers mull change to helmet law
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - The Missouri House has endorsed a bill that would allow motorcyclists over the age of 21 to forgo wearing helmets while travelling on the road. &n...
House approves change to Missouri primary dates
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - The Missouri House gave initial approval to legislation that would move the state's primary elections to June. Party primaries for Cong...
One dead after shooting in Washington Park, Illinois
WASHINGTON PARK, Ill. (AP) - Illinois State Police are helping investigate a suspected drive-by shooting death of a 19-year-old man in southwestern Illinois' Washington Park. ...
Three gyms robbed within minutes of one another
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St. Louis, MO (KTRS) - It may be coming to a college near you.......with graduation season upon us, bans on selfies are being suggested. Two universities are the ...


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Antioxidants & Beta-Carotene
Observational epiderniologic data have consistently suggested that persons, e.g. in the Mediterranean area, who consume large amounts of antioxidant vitamins have a lower than average risk of cardiovascular disease.
The Naples group consumed more tomatoes and tomato juice, a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (from olive oil) and had a higher level of lipid antioxidant vitamin E and of beta-carotene.
Dietary habits leading to relatively low levels of oxidized lipoproteins might contribute to the lower risk of coronary artery disease in Southern Italy.
Antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. Mancini-M; Parfitt-VJ; Rubba-P. Can-J-Cardiol. 1995 Oct; 1 1 Suppl G: 105G-109G.
Substantial evidence supports the theory that free radicals, especially oxygen radicals, are involved in the process of aging. Human organisms have two ways to fight them: an enzymatic way (superoxide dismutase, catalase..) and a chemical way with scavengers( e.g. vitamins, cysteine, methionine, gluthatione..).
A supply of beta carotene (15 or 3 0 mg/day), vitamin E (15 mg/day) and vitamin C (3 0 mg/day) involves an increase of singlet oxygen protection of erythrocytes. This protection appears after 15 days of treatment.
Increase of singlet oxygen protection of erythrocytes by vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta carotene intakes. Postaire-E; Regnault-C; Simonet-L; Rousset-G; Bejot-M. Biochem-Mol-Biol-Int. 1995 Feb; 35(2): 371-4.
Atherosclerosis & Beta Carotene
The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) may be an early step in atherogenesis. Furthermore, evidence of oxidized LDL has been found in vivo. Examined the roles that vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene may play in reducing LDL oxidation.
Vitamin E has shown the most consistent effects with regard to LDL oxidation. Beta-carotene appears to have only a mild or no effect on oxidizability. Ascorbate, although it is not lipophilic, can also reduce LDL oxidative susceptibility.
Effect of vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene on LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Jialal-I; Fuller-CJ. Can-J-Cardiol. 1995 Oct; I I Suppl G: 97G- I 03G.
Evidence that dietary antioxidants may prevent atherosclerotic disease is growing. The relationship between the intake of dietary and supplemental vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, and provitamin A carotenoids and average carotid artery wall thickness was studied.
Intake was assessed by use of a 66-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Carotid artery intima-media wall thickness was measured at multiple sites with B-mode ultrasound.
There was a significant inverse association between carotene intake and wall thickness in older men.
Data provide limited support for the hypothesis that dietary vitamin C and alpha-tocopherol may protect against atherosclerotic disease, especially in individuals > 55 years old.
Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness. The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Kritchevsky-SB; Shimakawa-T; Tell-GS; Dennis-B; Carpenter-M; Eckfeldt-JH; Peacher-Ryan-H; Heiss-G. Circulation. 1995 Oct 15; 92(8): 2142-50.
Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that high intakes of foods rich in beta carotene, as well as those rich in vitamin E or vitamin C, reduce the risk of some but not all cancers and cardiovascular disease.
It is difficult to determine whether these antioxidant nutrients per se are the sole protective agents or whether other factors associated with foods containing them contribute to the foods' protective effects. With respect to vitamin E, a number of studies where dietary and supplementary vitamin E were clearly differentiated, a reduced risk of certain cancers or cardiovascular disease from supplemental vitamin E but not from dietary vitamin E was demonstrated. This provides strong presumptive evidence that high intakes of vitamin E per se provide a health benefit. Only a few intervention studies with specific nutrients are available and results are inconsistent.
Critical assessment of the epidemiological data concerning the impact of antioxidant nutrients on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Machlin-U. Crit-Rev-Food-Sci-Nutr. 1995; 35(1-2): 41-50.
Cancer & Beta-Carotene
Reviews the current knowledge on the cancer-preventive potential of beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, and plentiful in fruits and vegetables, which has been studied widely as a promising chernopreventive agent in reducing the risk of cancer in humans.
Investigations have demonstrated that a diet rich in micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids and selenium, could prevent precancerous and neoplastic lesions of specific sites, particularly of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Beta-carotene, in vitro, can affect carcinogenesis, particularly in early stages, through an antigenotoxic action. Antioxidant functions, immunomodulatory effects and control of intercellular messages via gap junctions are possible action mechanisms of the ability of beta-carotene to block the carcinogenetic process. In vivo animal studies partially confirm these results; moreover, the association of the carotenoid with other microelements, such as vitamins E, C and glutathione often appears to be more effective than each agent used alone.
Beta-carotene appears an 'ideal' agent; its almost zero toxicity permits the long-term administration of the drug, a vital condition for its anti-cancer activity, with good patient compliance. Studies showed positive findings in specific cancer sites such as oral cavity, head and neck and colon; less consistent or negative are results on skin, lung and oesophagus cancer.
Effectiveness of beta-carotene in cancer chemoprevention. Toma-S; Losardo-PL; Vincent-M; Palumbo-R. Eur-J-Cancer-Prev. 1995 Jun; 4(3): 213-24.
Cancer of the Colon
Colon Cancer
Epiderniologic studies have shown that beta-carotene consumption is associated with a decreased incidence of colon cancer. The validity of this association has recently been questioned. It is not known if the rate of colonic cell proliferation differs among individuals with or without a history of colonic polyps or cancer and if proliferation changes in response to beta-carotene.
This study was intended to (a) determine whether differences exist in colonic cell proliferation in individuals with and without prior colonic polyps or tumors, (b) demonstrate that beta-carotene accumulates in colonic mucosa following dietary supplementation, and (c) determine whether mucosal beta-carotene accumulation influences colonic cell proliferation.
Colonic cell proliferation did not differ in samples obtained from individuals with and without prior colonic polyp(s) or cancer. Beta-carotene concentrations in serum and colonic tissue were significantly increased in groups receiving beta-carotene.
Dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for a period of 3 months does not alter colonic cell proliferation in individuals with a history of colonic polyps or cancer.
Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on indices of colonic cell proliferation. Frommel-TO; Mobarhan-S; Doria-M; Halline-AG; Luk-GD; Bowen-PE; Candel-A; Liao-Y. J-Natl-Cancer-Inst. 1995 Dec 6; 87(23): 1781-7.
Diabetes & Beta-Carotene
Evaluated serum retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and beta-carotene levels to elucidate the retinoid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
The mean retinol levels by gender (1.83 mumol/L for females and 2.24 mumol/L for males) in diabetics were higher than those (1.31 mumol/L for females and 1.82 mumol/L for males) in control subjects.
The mean retinol/RBP ratios (0.95 for females and 0.97 for males) of diabetics were higher than those of the control subjects (0.60 for females and 0.64 for males) and of male patients having impaired glucose tolerance (0.55).
Lipid-lowering medication significantly decreased retinol, with decreasing apolipoprotein C-II but without a commensurate decrease in RBP. The retinol levels had a positive correlation with apolipoprotein C-II in all or normolipidemic patients with diabetes and control subjects. The high retinol/RBP ratio implies that an excessive or free retinol possibly exists in NIDDM. An alternative metabolism of retinol is inferred to underlie NIDDM without direct influences of cholesterol or triglyceride themselves.
High retinol/retinol-binding protein ratio in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sasaki-H; Iwasaki-T; Kato-S; Tada-N. Am-J-Med-Sci. 1995 Nov; 310(5): 177-82.
Diet & Beta-Carotene
New analytical data of Finnish foods were utilized in calculating the intakes of 8 different carotenoids, 6 retinoids, 4 tocopherols and tocotrienols in a Finnish population sample (5403 men and 4750 women) forming a basis for prospective studies on the associations of diet and chronic diseases.
Beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene, mainly provided by different vegetables, were the most abundant carotenoids. Alltrans retinol was a predominant retinoid compound. A major proportion of total vitamin A (85% in men and 74% in women) was attributed to dietary retinoids.
More specific measures for carotenoids and tocopherols would increase the accuracy of estimating health impacts of antioxidant vitamins in the study population.
Carotenoids, retinoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols in the diet; the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey. Jarvinen-R. Int-J-Vitam-Nutr-Res. 1995; 65(1): 24-30.
Jarvinen-R: Carotenoids, retinoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols in the diet; the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey.. Int-J-Vitam-Nutr-Res. 1995; 65(1): 24-30.
The heart is the most susceptible organ to premature aging and free radical oxidative stress. The combination of a healthy diet supplemented with antioxidants and phytonutrients may be useful in the prevention and promotion of optimum cardiovascular health.
Free radicals, oxidative stress, oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), and the heart: antioxidants and other strategies to limit cardiovascular damage. Sinatra-ST; DeMarco-J. Conn-Med. 1995 Oct; 59(10): 579-88.
To examine the resistance to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) compared with healthy controls.
LDL from patients with dcSSc and lcSSc were more susceptible to oxidation than were those from healthy control subjects or patients with RP. Suggest that free radicals play a role in the pathology of SSc.
Increased susceptibility to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins isolated from patients with systemic sclerosis. Bruckdorfer-KR; Hillary-JB; Bunce-T; Vancheeswaran-R; Black-CM. Arthritis-Rheum. 1995 Aug; 38(8): 1060-7.
Smokers & Beta-Carotene
Evaluate the effect of daily supplementation with foods high in vitamin C and beta carotene on plasma vitamin levels and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in cigarette smokers.
In habitual cigarette smokers, antioxidant vitamins, which can be feasibly provided from food, partly protected LDL from oxidation despite a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Dietary supplementation with orange and carrot juice in cigarette smokers lowers oxidation products in copper-oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Abbey-M; Noakes-M; Nestel-PJ. J-Am-Diet-Assoc. 1995 Jun; 95(6): 671-5.
Beta-carotene, a quencher of excited species such as singlet oxygen and free radicals, has been reported to protect against cutaneous photodamage, including sunburn acutely and photocarcinogenesis chronically.
Examines the effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the human sunburn response. Data suggest that oral beta-carotene supplementation is unlikely to modify the severity of cutaneous photodamage in normal individuals to a clinically meaningful degree.
Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the human sunburn reaction. Garmyn-M; Ribaya-Mercado-JD; Russel-RM; Bhawan-J; Gilchrest-BA. Exp-Dermatol. 1995 Apr; 4(2): 104-11.
Supplementation & Beta-Carotene
Dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene and flavonoids may retard atherosclerosis by preventing low density lipoprotein oxidation.
High vitamin E levels may be associated with decreased cardiovascular disease. Beta carotene may be protective among smokers and the elderly. Few studies have been able to show that vitamin C has a protective effect. A handful of intervention studies have examined the effects of vitamin E and beta carotene with mixed results.
Increased intake of fruits and vegetables that are rich in antioxidants is recommended.
[Antioxidants and cardiovascular disorders--epidemiologic aspects. Should high risk patients receive supplementation?] Tonstad-S. Tidsskr-Nor-Laegeforen. 1995 Jan 20; 115(2): 227-9.
Higher levels of carotenoids and tocopherols are not consistently associated with less severe eye opacities in the general population.
Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and severity of nuclear and cortical opacities. Mares-Perlman-JA; Brady-WE; Klein-BE; Klein-R; Palta-M; Bowen-P; Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis-M. Invest-Ophthalmol-Vis-Sci. 1995 Feb; 36(2): 276-88.
Aging & Beta-Carotene
According to the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program, age is a major risk factor for heart disease. To assess the relation between age and LDL oxidizability, copper-mediated LDL oxidation was studied
In the healthy elderly, LDL oxidation may not be a crucial mediator for atherogenesis.
Effect of aging on susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation. Schmuck-A; Fuller-CJ; Devaraj-S; Jialal-I. Clin-Chem. 1995 Nov; 41(11): 1628-32.
Alcohol & Beta-Carotene
Compared the effect of 30 g alcohol/d for three menstrual cycles with three alcohol-free cycles on plasma carotenoid concentrations in 18 nonsmoking, premenopausal women. consumed approximately 6 mg total carotenoids/d under isoenergetic conditions.
Mean plasma alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher during the alcohol-intake
phase of the study. The paired difference in mean plasma lutein/zeaxanthin concentration was
significantly lower. 0
Effect of alcohol consumption on plasma carotenoid concentrations in premenopausal women: a controlled dietary study. Forman-MR; Beecher-GR; Lanza-E; Reichman-ME; Graubard-131; Campbell-WS; Marr-T; Yong-LC; Judd-JT; Taylor-PR. Am-J-Clin-Nutr. 1995 Jul; 62(l): 131-5.
Beta-Carotene & Breast Cancer
Breast cancer
According to the study, consuming high levels of specific carotenoids and vitamins found in fruits and vegetables may reduce premenopausal breast cancer risk. Premenopausal women who consumed five or more servings per day of fruits and vegetables had a modestly lower risk of breast cancer than those who had less than two servings per day. Thus, lowering breast cancer risk may be associated with consuming fruit and vegetables high in specific carotenoids and vitamins.
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Willett WC: Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Mar 17; 91 (6):
Cancer - Aerodigestive Tract Cancers
Cancer - Aerodigestive Tract Cancers
Increased mutagen sensitivity and decreased intake of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables have been associated with an increased risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
Significant inverse correlations were found between mutagen sensitivity scores and the plasma levels of alpha-carotene, total carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. There were also significant inverse associations between monthly mean plasma levels of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and total carotenoids and monthly mean chromosomal breaks. In contrast, there was a significant positive correlation between monthly mean plasma triglyceride level and mutagen sensitivity. Results suggest that mutagen sensitivity as assessed by the bleomycin assay may be influenced by plasma levels of certain nutrients and could potentially be modified by dietary interventions or micronutrient supplementation.
Correlations between mutagen sensitivity and plagma nutrient levels of healthy individuals. Kucuk-0; Pung-A; Franke-AA; Custer-LJ; Wilkens-LR; Le-Marchand-L; Higuchi-CM; Cooney-RV; Hsu-TC. Cancer-Epidemiol-Biomarkers-Prev. 1995 Apr-May; 4(3): 217-21.
Cancer Biomarkers
Cancer Biomarkers
High vegetable intake has been associated with a decreased risk for various human cancers in epidemiological studies. Carotenoids are plant compounds that may both possess chernopreventive activity and be useful biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake.
The control diet consisted of commonly consumed foods and was essentially carotenoid free. High vegetable diets (carotenoid, cruciferous, and soy) consisted of the control diet plus carrots and spinach (carotenoid), broccoli and cauliflower (cruciferous), and tofu and FriChik (soy). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were highest on the carotenoid and cruciferous diets.
There were no differences between diets in plasma beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene concentrations. These data indicate that plasma alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein may be useful biomarkers of carotenoid-rich food intake and that lutein may act as an intake biomarker of commonly consumed vegetables in the Cruciferae family.
It is feasible to monitor intake of some plant foods and of distinguishing among plant food groups.
Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable intake: the University of Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit Feeding Studies. Martini-MC; Campbell-DR; Gross-MD; Grandits-GA; Potter-JD; Slavin-JL. Cancer-Epidemiol-Biomarkers-Prev. 1995 Jul-Aug; 4(5): 491-6.
Cardiovascular Disease (Beta-Carotene)
Cardiovascular Disease
Review prospective epidemiologic studies and randomized trials regarding the role of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C and beta-carotene) in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
All three large epiderniologic cohort studies of vitamin E noted that high-level vitamin E intake or supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease (RRR range, 3 1 % to 65%), as measured by various fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular end points. To obtain these reductions, vitamin E supplementation must last at least 2 years. Less consistent reductions were seen in studies of beta-carotene (RRR range, -2% to 46%) and vitamin C (RRR range, -25 % to 5 1 %).
The true therapeutic benefit of vitamin E and other antioxidants in reducing fatal cardiovascular disease (a survival benefit as long as 5 years) is probably more modest than the epiderniologic data suggest. CONCLUSION: The epiderniologic data suggest that antioxidant vitamins reduce cardiovascular disease, with the clearest effect for vitamin E; however, completed randomized trials do not support this finding.
The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. A critical review of epiderniologic and clinical trial data [see comments] Jha-P; Flather-M; Lonn-E; Farkouh-M; Yusuf-S. Ann-Intern-Med. 1995 Dec 1; 123(11): 860-72.
Case Study in Sweden
Case Study in Sweden
Based on these findings, lower breast cancer risks may be linked to diets high in beta-carotene. The relation between beta-carotene consumption and breast cancer risk was determined in a case-control study involving women screened for breast cancer in Sweden. Women who increased their intake of beta-carotene had a lower risk of breast cancer. Thus, the increasing intake of beta-carotene may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Humaan AO, Holmberg L, Zack M, Mokdad AH, Ohlander EM, Wolk A, Byers T: Beta-carotene intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, Epidemiology 1999 Jan; 10(1): 49-53
Colonic Neoplasias
Colonic Neoplasias
To determine whether patients with colon cancer metabolize beta-carotene differently from benign colon polyp patients groups of resected colon polyp patients or resected colon cancer patients were supplemented with placebo or beta-carotene (30 mg/day) taken with their morning meals for three months.
Serum samples at zero and three months of the study were analyzed blindly for retinoic acid and beta--carotene. The results showed that beta-carotene levels in the serum of colon polyp and colon cancer groups were 8- to 12-fold higher than in the untreated control or the placebo-treated groups.
Trans-retinoic acid levels in response to beta-carotene supplementation are different between treated cancer and benign patients because of different body demands for retinoic acid.
Serum retinoic acid levels in patients with resected benign and malignant colonic neoplasias on beta--carotene supplementation. Tang-G; Shiau-A; Russell-RM; Mobarhan-S. Nutr-Cancer. 1995; 23(3): 291--8.
Colorectal Adenomas & Beta-Carotene
Colorectal Adenomas
Epiderniologic evidence of associations between the high intake of fat and low intake of dietary fiber, beta carotene, and other dietary constituents and the risk of colorectal neoplasia has been inconsistent and has not provided a sufficient basis for the dietary prevention of large-bowel cancer in humans.
Assessed the effects on the incidence of adenomas of reducing dietary fat to 25% of total calories and supplementing the diet with 25 g of wheat bran daily and a capsule of beta carotene (20 mg daily).
These interventions may reduce the transition from smaller to larger adenomas, a step that may critically define those adenomas most likely to progress to malignancy.
Randomized trial of intake of fat, fiber, and beta carotene to prevent colorectal adenomas. The Australian Polyp Prevention Project [see comments] MacLennan-R; Macrae-F; Bain-C; Battistutta-D; Chapuis-P; Gratten-H; Lambert-J; Newland-RC; Ngu-M; Russell-A; et-al. J-Nati-Cancer-Inst. 1995 Dec 6; 87(23): 1760-6.
Cystic Fibrosis & Beta-Carotene
Cystic Fibrosis
Concentrations of carotenoids are low in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are associated with essential fatty acid deficiency and increased markers of inflammation. Conducted single? and multiple?dose studies of beta?carotene supplementation in patients with CF. Dose?proportional increases in beta?carotene concentrations were found, although clearance was independent of dose. Large doses of beta?carotene were necessary to achieve normal plasma levels.
Single? and multiple?dose?response relationships of beta?carotene in cystic fibrosis. Homnick?DN; Spillers?CR; Cox?SR; Cox?JH; Yelton?LA; DeLoof?MJ; Oliver?LK; Ringer?TV. J?Pediatr. 1995 Sep; 127(3): 491?4.
Investigated the effect of correcting beta?carotene deficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients on two parameters of lipid peroxidation.
CF patients (#34) were investigated before and after 3 months of oral beta?carotene supplementation. Beta?carotene concentrations increased in plasma and in LDL, without significant changes in alphatocopherol,
Data suggest that excess lipid peroxidation occurring in beta?carotene deficiency can be limited and normalized during efficient beta?carotene supplementation in CF patients.
Enhanced resistance to oxidation of low density lipoproteins and decreased lipid peroxide formation during beta?carotene supplementation in cystic fibrosis. Winklhofer?Roob?BM; Puhl?H; KhoschsorurG; van't?Hof?MA; Esterbauer?H; Shmerling?DH. Free?Radic?Biol?Med. 1995 May; 18(5): 849?59.
Energy Restriction
Energy Restriction
Restriction of energy intake (ER), without "malnutrition" of essential "nutrients", has repeatedly been demonstrated to increase longevity in rodents. In the antioxidant theory the lack of balance between the generation of free radicals and free radical scavenging was thought to be a main causal agent in the "aging" process. The antiaging effect induced by ER might be due to the lower rate of free-radical production and related damage induced by a lower "metabolic" rate. The antiaging effects of ER might also occur in humans.
Moderate ER over 10 weeks did not affect indicators of antioxidative capacity, "oxidative" "stress" and genotoxicity of humans.
Short-term moderate energy restriction does not affect indicators of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in humans. Velthuis-te-Wierik-EJ; van-Leeuwen-RE; Hendriks-HF; Verhagen-H; Loft-S; Poulsen-HE; Van-den-Berg-H. J-Nutr. 1995 Oct; 125(10): 2631-9.
Exercise-Induced Asthma
Exercise-Induced Asthma
This study indicated that a daily dose of Dunaliella beta-carotene might have a protective effect against exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in some patients due to its in vivo antioxidative effect. The alga Dunaliella bardawil contains a very high concentration of beta-carotene containing different physiochemical and antioxidative properties. The results concluded that out of 38 patients who ingested a daily dose of of beta-carotene for 1 week, 20 (53%) did not have EIA.
Neuman I, Nahum H, Ben-Amotz A: Prevention of exercise-induced asthma by a natural isomer mixture of beta-carotene, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999 Jun; 82(6): 549-53
Free Radicals & Beta-Carotene
Free Radicals
Most of the degenerative diseases that afflict humanity have their origin in deleterious free radical reactions, including: ageing, asthma atherosclerosis, cancer, degenerative eye disease, diabetes, inflammatory joint disease and senile dementia.
Most free radical damage to cells involves oxygen free radicals or, more generally, activated oxygen species (AOS) which include non-radical species such as singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide as well as free radicals. The AOS can damage genetic material, cause lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, and inactivate membrane-bound enzymes.
Humans have antioxidant defences against AOS (antioxidants or free radical scavengers): including: ascorbic acid (vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), beta-carotene, coenzyme Q 10, enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, and trace elements including selenium and zinc.
The eye has intense AOS activity, requiring high levels of antioxidants to protect its unsaturated fatty acids. Man is not genetically adapted to survive past middle age and antioxidant supplementation is needed to ensure a more healthy elderly population.
The role of free radicals in disease. Florence-TM. Aust-N-Z-J-Ophthalmol. 1995 Feb; 23(l): 3-7.
LDL Oxidation & Beta-Carotene
LDL Oxidation
The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation has been postulated as one mechanism by which antioxidants may prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Available data on the ability of beta-carotene to inhibit LDL oxidation are conflicting. We examined the role of in vivo and in vitro supplementation with beta-carotene on oxidation of LDL.
Supplementation with beta-carotene in vivo and in vitro does not inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation. Gaziano-JM; Hatta-A; Flynn-M; Johnson-EJ; Krinsky-NI; Ridker-PM; Hennekens-CH; Frei-B. Atherosclerosis. 1995 Jan 20; 112(2): 187-95
Leafy Vegetables
Leafy Vegetables (Indonesia)
There is little evidence to support the general assumption that dietary carotenoids can improve vitamin A status.
Examined an additional daily portion of dark-"green leafy vegetables", or a "wafer" enriched with beta-carotene, "iron", "vitamin C", and "folic acid", on vitamin A and iron status in women with low haemoglobin concentrations (< 130 g/L) who were breastfeeding a child
An additional daily portion of dark-green leafy vegetables did not improve vitamin A status, whereas a similar amount of beta-carotene from a simpler matrix produced a strong improvement. These results suggest that the approach to combating vitamin A deficiency by increases in the consumption of "provitamin A" carotenoids from vegetables should be re-examined.
Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables. de-Pee-S; West-CE; Muhilal; Karyadi-D; Hautvast-JG. Lancet. 1995 Jul 8; 346(8967): 75-81.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDH)
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDH)
This study showed that beta-carotene may function as an antioxidant by protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from cell-mediated oxidation. In this study, individuals consuming beta-carotene daily for 4 weeks had increased their beta-carotene content in LDL by three to sixfold. Dietary supplementation of LDL with beta-carotene was more effective in inhibiting oxidation than the in vitro LDL. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with cartenoids may be a more effective means to reduce LDL oxidation.
Dugas TR, Morel DW, Harrison EH, Free Radic Biol Med 1999 May; 26(9-10): 1238-44
Myocardial Infarction & Beta-Carotene
Myocardial Infarction
To determine whether a "fat"- and energy-reduced diet rich in antioxidant vitamins C and E, "beta carotene", and "soluble" dietary "fiber" reduces free-radical stress and cardiac "enzyme" level but increases plasma "ascorbic acid" level 1 week after acute "myocardial" "infarction".
Plasma lipid peroxide level decreased significantly and the hypotheses were confirmed.
Antioxidant-rich foods may reduce myocardial "necrosis" and reperfusion injury induced by oxygen free radicals.
Effect of antioxidant-rich foods on plasma ascorbic acid, cardiac enzyme, and lipid peroxide levels in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Singh-RB; Niaz-MA; Agarwal-P; Begom-R; Rastogi-SS. J-Am-Diet-Assoc. 1995 Jul; 95(7): 775-80.
Because antioxidants may play a role in the prevention of coronary "heart disease" by inhibiting the peroxidation of "polyunsaturated fatty acids" (PUFAs), the combined association of diet-derived antioxidants and PUFAs with acute myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated.
Findings support the hypothesis that beta-carotene plays a role in the protection of PUFAs against "oxidation" and subsequently in the protection against MI. No evidence was found that alpha-"tocopherol" or "selenium" may protect against MI at any level of PUFA intake.
Association between beta-carotene and acute myocardial infarction depends on "polyunsaturated fatty acid" status. The EURAMIC Study. European Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and "Cancer" of the Breast. Kardinaal-AF; Aro-A; Kark-JD; Riemersma-RA; van-'t-Veer-P; Gomez-Aracena-J; Kohlmeier-L; Ringstad-J; Martin-BC; Mazaev-VP; et-al. Arterioscler-Thromb-Vasc-Biol. 1995 Jun; 15(6): 726-32.
Oral Cancer & Beta-Carotene
Oral cancer
Beta-carotene and other antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E, are well suited for widespread preventive use because they are nontoxic and easily given in supplement form.
Smokers have lower beta-carotene levels in plasma and oral mucosal cells than nonsmokers. Eight clinical trials have now shown that beta-carotene and vitamin E produce regression of oral leukoplakia. All available evidence supports a significant role for antioxidant nutrients in preventing oral cancer.
Emerging role of beta-carotene and antioxidant nutrients in prevention of oral cancer. Garewal-HS; Schantz-S. Arch-Otolaryngol-Head-Neck-Surg. 1995 Feb; 121(2): 141-4.
Pregnancy Mortality & Beta-Carotene
Pregnancy Mortality
According to this study, undernourished Asian women at childbearing age might have a better chance of surviving pregnancy by taking either vitamin A or beta-carotene at recommended dietary amounts. This study was based on a controlled trial in rural southeast central plains of Nepal. Overall, vitamin A or beta-carotene reduced premenopausal mortality by 44% and pregnancy mortality by 40%. In conclusion, vitamin A or beta-carotene may prevent mortality among childbearing women.
West KP Jr, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Pradhan EK, Shrestha SR, Connor PB, Dali SM, Christian P, Pokhrel RP, Sommer A: Double blind, cluster randomised trial of low dose supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene on mortality related to pregnancy in Nepal. The NNIPS-2 Study Group, BMJ 1999 Feb 27; 318(7183): 570-5
Prostate Cancer & Beta-Carotene
Prostate Cancer
Several human studies have observed a direct association between retinol (vitamin A) intake and risk of prostate cancer; other studies have found either an inverse association or no association of intake of beta--carotene (the major provitamin A) with risk of prostate cancer. Data regarding carotenoids other than beta-carotene in relation to prostate cancer risk are sparse.
Assessed dietary intake for a 1 -year period for a cohort of 47,894 eligible subjects initially free of diagnosed cancer.
Intakes of the carotenoids beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin were not associated with risk of non-stage Al prostate cancer; only lycopene intake was related to lower risk.
Of 46 vegetables and fruits or related products, four were significantly associated with lower prostate cancer risk; of the 4: tomato sauce, tomatoes, and pizza but not strawberries were primary sources of lycopene. Combined intake of tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato juice, and pizza (which accounted for 82% of lycopene intake) was inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer).
Support recommendations to increase vegetable and fruit consumption to reduce cancer incidence but suggest that tomato-based foods may be especially beneficial regarding prostate cancer risk.
Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. Giovannucci-E; Ascherio-A; Rimm-EB; Stampfer-MJ; Colditz-GA; Willett-WC. J-Natl-Cancer-Inst. 1995 Dec 6; 87(23): 1767-76.
Stomach Cancer
Stomach Cancer (Italy)
The proportions of gastric cancer cases attributable (or attributable risks, AR) to consumption of traditional foods (i.e., pasta, rice and "maize"), low intake of beta-carotene and vitamin C, short duration of use of an electric refrigerator, low educational level, and family history of gastric cancer were computed using data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy.
Increased consumption of vitamin C and beta-carotene, and reduced consumption of traditional foods, would help to avoid over 10,000 out of 14,000 "stomach"-cancer deaths in Italy every year. Consequently, stomach cancer, which is still the third leading cause of cancer death in Italy, would represent only about 2% of all cancer deaths.
Attributable risks for stomach cancer in northern Italy. La-Vecchia-C; D'Avanzo-B; Negri-E; Decarli-A; Benichou-J. Int-J-Cancer. 1995 Mar 16; 60(6): 748-52.
Target Tissues
Target Tissues
Micronutrients, such as beta-carotene and vitamins A and E, are potential chemopreventive agents; however, their concentrations in human target tissues are largely unknown. If they exert their action at the site of target tissues, the tissue concentrations of the micronutrients need to be determined.
Measured the concentrations of seven carotenoids, two retinoids, and two tocopherols in paired plasma, buccal mucosal cells (BMC), and "skin" samples from 96 healthy subjects (ages 26-82 yrs). The plasma-tissue, as well as the diet-plasma and diet-tissue relationships of the micronutrients, and the impact of various potential confounders on the micronutrient concentrations were evaluated.
Among the seven carotenoids examined, lycopene was unique, because its concentration was not lower in smokers or higher in supplement users but was inversely associated with "age".
Concentrations and plasma-tissue-diet relationships of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in humans. Peng-YM; Peng-YS; Lin-Y; Moon-T; Roe-DJ; Ritenbaugh-C. Nutr-Cancer. 1995; 23(3): 233-46.
Vitamins Therapy
Vitamins Therapy
Vitamins were considered as essential nutrients needed only in very small amounts to prevent deficiency syndromes. Many vitamins and their derivatives, however, are currently being used in the mainstream of medicine as therapeutic modalities.
Based on a literature review, recommendations for the use of vitamins for treatment and prevention include: topical vitamin A derivatives ("tretinoin") for the treatment of "acne" and age-related skin damage, oral vitamin A derivatives for severe cystic acne (isotretinoin) and "psoriasis" (etretinate), "vitamin D3" for the treatment and prevention of "osteoporosis" in postmenopausal females, topical "vitamin D" in psoriasis patients, and "niacin" for serum cholesterol reduction. "Folate" appears to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects if given in the preconception phase of "pregnancy". Finally, recent preliminary evidence suggests the possible benefit of antioxidants (vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene) in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer.
Vitamins as therapy in the 1990s. Swain-R; Kaplan-B. J-Am-Board-Fam-Pract. 1995 May-Jun; 8(3): 206-16.
Heart Disease & Inflammation
Heart Disease and Inflammation
Low levels of carotenoids may cause inflammation that may be associated with cardiovascular disease, according to this study conduced on 4,557 nonsmoking, middle-aged participants. Researchers measured serum carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin), and compared these results with measurements of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count). Participants with low carotenoid levels exhibited high levels of inflammatory markers.
Kritchevsky SB, Bush AJ, Pahor M, Gross MD: Serum carotenoids and markers of inflammation in nonsmokers, Am J Epidemiol 2000 Dec 1;152(11):1065-71
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text:
by Tony Rizzo
"White Collar" star Matt Bomer is the real thing. He and his partner, publicist Simon Halls, have three children: Kit, Henry and Walker Bomer. Matt and Simon recently received the "Inspiration Award" from The Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network. It was presented to them by Matt's "Magic Mike" co-star Joe Manganiello (they were together in college at Carnegie Melon University in Pittsburgh). Manganiello said, "You are the example that the rest of our country needs to wake up to and see in terms of equality and putting an end to the bullying epidemic and making sure that every family is respected in our schools and our society."
Going public with his real life hasn't hurt Bomer's "reel" life. He's got the film "Space Station 76," which is being called a sci-fi comedy, with Liv Tyler, Patrick Wilson and Jerry O'Connell, and then "Winter's Tale" with Will Smith, Colin Farrell, Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly, William Hurt and Eva Marie Saint.
Bomer explains why he went public with his relationship, "When you aren't allowed to speak about who you love or who you're attracted to, it makes you feel invisible." On the plus side… he never has to worry about getting lipstick on his "White Collar."


text: When it comes to baby milestones, make sure your future sitter, stander and eventually, walker, is on track. Wait, did he just say, "mama" or is it too soon? Find out here. Guide to Speech Delays 7 Weird Things Babies Do and Why Baby Milestones Monthly Guide Helpful Tools Chinese Gender PredictorHeight CalculatorGuide to Teething Symptoms and Remedies26 Easy, Wholesome Baby Food Recipes26 Baby Sleep SolutionsMust-Read Guide to Baby and Ear InfectionsMonth-by-Month Guide to Baby's MilestonesA Guide to Baby Poop, Pee and Spit Up Stomach Flu Treatment & Survival Guide Baby Milestones Potty Training for Babies By Victoria GeorgoffDitching the diapers with elimination communication ... more Signs Your Baby Loves You By Meagan Francis and Stephanie DolgoffHow do you know your baby loves you back? Sweet, surprising ways she shows it ... more Baby Sign Language: 21 Words and Signs to... By Lauren PassellOpen up the lines of communication with your infant with signs for "more", "done", "eat", "change" and other signs for everyday items. Plus, try these 12 fun baby games that teach! ... more 9 Ways to Make Your Baby Laugh By Ed MeredithEasy tricks to get your little cutie smiling from head to toe ... more Separation Anxiety Age-by-Age By Suzanne SchlosbergHow to ease separation anxiety in babies, toddlers, and preschoolers... more Baby's First Words By the editors of Parenting magazineIn this guide:How your baby communicates | Encouraging baby talk First words | First sentences | Building her vocabulary When to get help | SummaryOverviewWhen will your baby's cooing turn into his first word? And will it be "Mama"? Well,... more Are Babies Afraid of Plants? By Skye LoydNew research provides interesting theory why babies avoid plants ... more Understanding Growth Charts By Ashley FraxedasFrom CDC to WHO, learn how your child's growth chart measures up. Plus: Find out your child's adult height with our cool Height Calculator tool... more Ask Dr. Sears Could My Baby Have a Blocked Tear Duct?Coping With Baby's Acid RefluxBaby's Hiccup HabitBaby BreakoutsPersistant Cradle CapBaby SnoringFeeding Schedule for SolidsCows' Milk for Baby?Alternatives to Baby SwaddlingTraveling With a NewbornHumidifiers or Vaporizers?


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Puget Sound Business Journal (Washington) - Washington state energy projects get $16.5M in stimulus funds
Thirteen energy related projects in Washington state will share $16.5 million in federal stimulus funds, the governor's office said Tuesday.
"This recovery funding is a double win for Washington state. It supports and creates more than 2,000 living wage jobs -- and at the same time continues Washington's leadership in the clean, renewable energy sector," Gov. Chris Gregoire said in a statement. [3/30/10]
WOFL FOX-35 (Florida) - Summer employment for young adults
WORKFORCE CENTRAL FLORIDA (WCF) will offer its Summer Job Connection program again in 2010, an employment program that will provide valuable summer work experience in local jobs for 750 young adults ages 16-21, which in turn, will make an immediate financial impact on the local economy.
The 2009 Summer Job Connection, funded by stimulus funds of more than $4.1 million, provided a valuable work experience for 1,200 young adults and provided nearly 293,000 hours of services for 225 local employers. [3/30/10]
Springfield Business Journal Online (Missouri) - Southwest Missouri gets $1 million in energy efficiency grants
Eleven communities in southwest Missouri received nearly $1.1 million in Energize Missouri Communities grants from the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
The grant program, funded by the 2009 stimulus act, offered $11.3 million to 58 communities statewide for projects that reduce energy usage and fossil fuel emissions, according to a DNR news release.
The state estimates that the projects will save 47.7 million kilowatt-hours of energy per year and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 11,657 tons, as well as create 105 jobs. [3/30/10]
WCNC NBC-36 (North Carolina) - Stimulus dollars help put people to work
The Department of Social Services held two job fairs during the month of March that will provide 500 temporary jobs to low-income families.
For Goodwill, this is what their mission is all about -- helping folks in the community find jobs.
'The stimulus program really helps us accomplish that mission as well as meet the initial objective of stimulating the economy,' said Michael Elder, president and CEO of Goodwill of the Southern Piedmont. [3/30/10]
St. Louis Business Journal (Missouri) - St. Louis County businesses can tap into $60M in stimulus bonds for expansions
St. Louis County said Tuesday it received $60 million in Recovery Zone Facility Bonds as part of the federal American Recovery & Reinvestment Act to help businesses expand and add jobs.
"This type of support encourages capital investment in our recovery zone areas and is exactly what we need to help reposition our economy and create jobs," St. Louis County Executive Charlie Dooley said in a statement. [3/30/10]
The Leaf Chronicle (Tennessee) - Schools to get $4.9M for STEM program
The local school system is in line to receive $4.9 million of the approximately $500 million in Race to the Top money that was awarded to Tennessee on Monday.
…the money will be used primarily to implement a STEM program in K-12. STEM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
'This would not have happened had the stimulus money not come our way,' he [Clarksville-Montgomery County Director of Schools Mike Harris] said. [3/31/10]


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Introduction to Hiking & Backpacking - Tacoma Branch
06/10/13 (Mon)
Tacoma Hiking
Michael T. Waiss
Tacoma Mountaineers Program Center
7:00-8:30 p.m. If you're not sure what you need to do to get started hiking with The Mountaineers or just need a kick-start, join us for this information-packed evening. Don't put it off. The sooner you get out on the trails, the sooner you'll be enjoying our backyard wilderness. Register on line with a credit card or at the door. Registration accepted at the door at 6:45 p.m. with exact change or check for the $5 fee. NON-MEMBERS welcome!
This is no longer open for registration


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Time: July 28, 2011 from 6pm to 11pm
Location: PNC Bank Arts Center
City/Town: Holmdel, NJ
Website or Map: http://www.livenation.com/eve…
Event Type: big, ol', concert
Organized By: karl koch [karlophone]
Latest Activity: Oct 16, 2011
Export to Outlook or iCal (.ics)
PNC Bank Arts Center, Holmdel, NJ – 7/28/11- Co-headline with the Flaming Lips. With Yeasayer.
Onsale to General Public Start: Sat, 05/07/11 10:00 AM EDT
Citi® Cardmember Presale
Start: Wed, 05/04/11 10:00 AM EDT
End: Fri, 05/06/11 10:00 PM EDT
Citi® Cardmember Preferred Tickets
Start: Sat, 05/07/11 10:00 AM EDT
End: Thu, 07/14/11 10:00 PM EDT
Check out the sketch plans for the intro - including giant pulsating rainbow screen and Flaming Lips Wayne Coyne in bubble and Rivers in raft!
Also check out Wayne's NSFW poster for the show http://psychexfutureheart.wordpress.com/2011collaborations/lipsweezer/
I'm tweeting updates at http://twitter.com/futureheartday
Weezer and The Flaming Lips will swap songs back and forth for entire concert http://tiny.cc/enwyh
My guess is the show will start with both The Flaming Lips front-freak Wayne Coyne and Rivers walking over the crowd in giant space bubbles.
Rivers said in the press release, "I asked Wayne if he has an extra bubble I could ride in."
Follow updates at http://twitter.com/FutureHeartDay


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Human Origins
The newly opened Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins presents the remarkable history of human evolution from our earliest ancestors millions of years ago to modern Homo sapiens. The innovative Spitzer Hall combines the most up-to-date discoveries in the fossil record with the latest in genomic science to explore the most profound mysteries of humankind: who we are, where we came from, and what is in store for the future of our species.
Although the human family originated many millions of years ago, we know a great deal about our remarkable past. The rich human fossil record dates back more than six million years, and scientists are finding exciting new specimens all the time.
Around six or seven million years ago, the first members of our human family, Hominidae, evolved in Africa. They spent much of their time in trees, as did their close primate relatives, the ancestors of today's chimpanzees and gorillas.
After several million years of human evolution, only one hominid species remains: Homo sapiens. We have spread across every continent into a wide range of environments.
All species on Earth, including humans, are unique. Yet our intelligence and creativity go well beyond those of any other animal. Humans have long communicated through language, created and appreciated art and music, and invented complex tools that have enabled our species to survive and thrive, though often at the expense of other species.
As we look toward the future, experts debate whether we might alter the course of human evolution. What does the future hold for humanity? It is beyond the reach of science to peer ahead hundreds, thousands, or millions of years with any certainty.
"Lucy" is one of the most complete skeletons found to date from the early hominids that flourished between 4 and 2 million years ago. The skeleton consists of bones from a single individual, presumably female, who stood well under 4 feet tall.
During excavations near Peking (Beijing), China between 1929 and 1937, researchers discovered several partial skulls of the species Homo erectus. These hominids lived around 400,000 years ago and came to be known as Peking Man.
The Mural of Primate Evolution shows vignettes from 50 million years of primate evolution with detailed depictions of early primates and habitats.
Some 300,000 years ago, a new tool-making technique produced a sharp-edged flake of stone. Neanderthals were masters of this technique and made a wide variety of sharp tools.
Kids and Family Program
Step into the state-of-the-art Sackler Educational Laboratory, located in the Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, every Saturday and Sunday, for hands-on activities led by scientists.
Meet the curators, Ian M. Tattersall, Division of Anthropology and Co-Curator of the Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, and Rob DeSalle, Co-Director of the Molecular Systematics Laboratories, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, and Co-Curator of the Spitzer Hall of Human Origins.
The Museum is deeply grateful to the Hall's lead benefactors Anne and Bernard Spitzer, whose marvelous generosity inspired and made possible the new Spitzer Hall of Human Origins. The Museum also extends its gratitude to The Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation, Inc., Katheryn P. and Thomas L. Kempner, Jr., Arlene and Arnold Goldstein, the Honorable Lucy Wilson Benson, and the Stout Family for their generous support.


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NO RAIN and NO COLD temps.today!
Finally, a Beautiful Day to get outside and help my mom plant some flowers for Mother's day!;o)
S. W. Cedar Rapids!
A PERFECT DAY to help Mom plant Flowers!
NO RAIN and NO COLD temps.today!
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says ... on Monday, May 26 at 6:13 PM
Yes, "Juneau" is a young handsome male American Eskimo, but we just adopted him from the Animal Shelter and we had to sign and promise to get him neutered...sorry, it's too late for him to be a daddy dog! Such pretty dogs...the American Eskimos! ;o)
says ... on Monday, May 26 at 2:32 AM
I would like to know who the proud owner is of this beautiful dog. I'm pretty sure it's a male american eskimo. I have a female american eskimo and am looking for a male to breed her with. Edgewood animal hospital on the sw side has a flyer posted.


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In an exporting or importing transaction there are a range of risks you need to consider before entering into a "contract of sale" with another party. These issues can be costly and time-consuming. ANZ offers a number of solutions that aim to mitigate these trade risks and help provide assurance and protection for your business.
Documentary Credits
The "method of payment" is one of the most important factors that need to be agreed by the buyer and seller, during the formation of a Contract of Sale. The Documentary Credit method has been used throughout the world for over 100 years.
- One of the safest methods of payments
- Consistent approach maintained through international accepted standards from the International Chamber of Commerce
- ANZ advising fee refunded if you choose to negotiate documents through ANZ.
Documentary Collections
ANZ facilitates Documentary Collections both for exporters and importers making the collection process a secure and easy one.
- Exporters can ask ANZ to arrange collection of export proceeds from overseas buyers on their behalf
- ANZ can assist importers through the collection process, and remit funds to the overseas party on receipt of payment from you
- ANZ can make the collection process time and cost effective, enabling exporters and importers to focus on other core activities.
Bid and Performance bonds
ANZ facilitates the process of Bid Bonds and Performance Bonds, making both processes smoother for all parties concerned.
- The Bid Bond is an indication of a company's commitment and ability to carry out the work being tendered for
- The Performance Bond provides comfort that a company has the necessary skills and capabilities to carry out the required work and comply with contractual terms and conditions.
Foreign exchange risk
Managing your business risks is one of the most important responsibilities you have. ANZ provide a number of products and services to help guard your business against foreign exchange risk.
- ANZ Forward Exchange Contract – a contract between two parties (the bank and the customer)
- Foreign Currency Accounts - allows you the flexibility of accessing your foreign funds as required
- Foreign Currency Term Deposits - offers your business the certainty of a fixed rate of interest at a competitive return
- ANZ Trade and FX Direct - provides International Payments, trade finance and foreign exchange services to importers and exporters, co-ordinated by a single point of contact.


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Home › Drivers › Graphics Cards
VIA CN800 UniChrome Display Driver 22.00.01e
Release notes:
To install the driver, save any unsaved work and close all applications then click on the driver download link (above). Choose the "Save File" option and save it to your folder under Windows where you file your drivers. Unzip the file. (To unzip the file right click and highlight "Extract All") Then double click on the Setup.exe file to run the installation program. Follow the prompts and restart at the end of the installation.
For use with the following Product/s:
CN800 UniChrome Pro integrated graphics ( CN800 )
Supported Operating Systems:
Windows 2000, Windows XP
Note: Before proceeding with your driver installation we suggest you make sure you are installing the latest version available and for the appropriate model/revision and Operating System. We strongly suggest following 'readme' instructions for installing drivers when available. Often restarting your system will be necessary for the new driver to become active and start functioning properly.
You can check back regularly for the latest updates at TechSpot's Drivers section or stop by our homepage for the best daily coverage of PC technology news on the Web.
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How to Judge a Food Contest?
Nowadays, different food contests are being organized around the world due their increasing popularity among common people. Therefore, demand for judges is increasing too. Judging these food contests is very important since success of any food contests mostly depends on the judges. An ideal judge of food contest follows some important guidelines.
Before Contest Starts:
It is important to get a clear idea about food contest rules before the contest starts. Besides, judges must study to have more idea bout more recipes, foods, ingredients, garnishing, cooking apparatus etc. Try to be as professional as possible and set your personal choices aside.
During The Contest:
Talk to other judges to know if there is any last-minute change in instructions. Have your judging sheet ready. It is good to judge foods according to their difficulties. Get introduced with the contestants at the beginning of the food contest.
Judging Steps:
Time – First step in judging is to see if the food prepared by contestants is within the time allocated according to the contest rules.
See – Look for the presentation of foods along with color, garnishing etc. The look of food should be attractive. However, do not hesitate to penalize for excessive décor or inappropriate or extra use of garnishing.
Smell – Try to smell the aroma of foods. Also check if there is any burned smell coming from the food. Do not give extra point for using excessive flavoring or seasoning.
Inspect – To get the clear picture of a food you must cut the dish and expose the bottom, middle and top layers along with sides and center to inspect. Look for burned, off-colored, overcooked, undercooked or raw portion in the dish. Also check for evenness in color and cooking. Give more points for even cooking, consistent surface texture & color, pleasant aroma. On the other hand, penalize for soggy, tough, raw, burned spots, crumbling or brittle results, spotty cooking.
Taste – To taste all the dishes prepared by contestants it is important that you keep your hunger even for the last dish to be tasted. Taste for all the ingredients that mentioned in the recipe. Check the flavor if that is too strong. Also check if all the ingredients are perfectly cooked. Find out if there is any ingredient used that is not mentioned. Also penalize for missing ingredients. Try to taste a smallest amount of servings that are enough to judge a dish.
Make Notes –You might forget specific observation about an item after tasting few others. That is why it is important to write down any notes about dishes when you are judging.
Double Check Scores – Double check your scores for different dishes. Do not hesitate to taste again a dish if you are confused about that.
photo credit: Luiza Leite
Things to Consider Before Opening a Fast Food Restaurant
There is a huge popularity of fast foods among people. Therefore, it is not a bad idea to open a fast food restaurant. However, food is not the only thing that you must consider before opening a fast food restaurant. You have to consider several other factors too.
The first thing you must consider before opening a fast food restaurant is type of food you want to provide. Selling all types of fast foods is not a wise idea. You must decide your specialty in providing foods. For example, Pizza Huts is not popular for selling burgers or chicken fries and you will not go to McDonalds to have a pizza. Therefore, determine what type of food you want be specialized in. It could be sandwiches, burgers, chicken fries, pizzas or any other types of fast food.
Location is important for any small business. Fast food restaurants' businesses greatly depend on their locations. If your location is not good, it will be tough for you to continue. It is better to choose a location close to office area, schools, colleges, universities, shopping malls etc. You also may consider a location by the highways.
Try to indentify the possible cost associated in starting up the fast food business. Also consider how you will manage that cost. Moreover, it is important to manage the cost until your business makes profit. If you need other investors or bank loans to fund your business, make a business proposal that convinces them.
Health Codes:
You must abide by all the rules and regulations related to health. Therefore, before you open a fast food restaurant, have a clear idea bout those rules. The laws could differ in states to states and country to country.
Different fast food restaurants require different types of equipments to prepare foods. And you might need to spend most of your initial investment buying equipments. Therefore, you may consider leasing those equipments instead of buying if you are starting with a lower amount of money.
Not only foods but also staffs make a restaurant profitable. It is wise to hire highly skilled staff during the beginning of the business to create a strong image of your fast food restaurant. If the image is good, people will come back automatically. Besides, if customers do not get proper service, it is unlikely for them as well as other potential customers to come to your restaurants.
It is important to know your competitors before opening any sort of businesses. Indentify the other fast food outlets in the area where you are planning to open your restaurants. Try to know there strength, weakness, strategies in details.
photo credit: lambda_X
What natural foods are good with CrossFit?
The popularity of CrossFit training is increasing day by day. Most of the athletes, bodybuilders, martial artists and government forces are combining CrossFit training with their regular training. CrossFit improves body strength and endurance along with improved fitness. However, if proper diet is not taken, you might not get the desired result. You must be aware of the foods that are good with CrossFit and that are not. It is better to depend mostly on natural diets for CrossFit like Paleo diet. Some natural foods that are good with CrossFit are discussed here.
Eat Plenty of Vegetables:
It is good to eat plenty of garden vegetables (Except beans, corns and potatoes). Vegetables contain wide range of vitamins and minerals and do not spike insulin. At the same time they fill you up. They also help keep acid-base balance in your body. Some healthy vegetables are – broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, cucumber, green peas, beans, tomato, mushroom, carrot, pumpkin, lentils, spinach, butternut squash, soya beans and so on.
Eat Natural Foods That Contains Fat:
It is also important to intake sufficient amount of fat too since fat is essential to body. That is why eat any seeds or nuts except peanuts. You can eat them either raw or lightly roasted. Besides, you can also eat olives or avocados. Fatty natural foods help keep the ratio of omega 3/6/9 normal. These foods ensure healthy blood circulation and have anti-inflammatory elements.
Eat Some Fruits:
You can eat any fresh fruits. Fruits are full of nutrients and good for human health. However, insulin level could be raised if too much fruits are eaten. If you want to lose weight or have diabetic conditions, do not eat too much of fruits and avoid any juices. Try to eat an amount of fruits that is less than the amount of vegetable you eat. Some natural healthy fruits are – apricots, apples, oranges, raisins, strawberries, blueberries, pears, plums, grapes, pineapples, cherries, peaches etc.
Foods That Should Be Avoided:
You must avoid excessive consumption of foods that contain high glycemic carbohydrates. High glycemic carbohydrates could cause severe health problems. Foods containing high glycemic carbohydrates rapidly raise the sugar level in human blood. The foods that contain high glycemic carbohydrates are – potatoes, rice and most of the carbohydrates that are processed from natural grains. Processing like refining, grinding, baking, bleaching of carbohydrates amplify the amount of glycemic carbohydrates in foods.
Gear up:
Try to get some Crossfit gear. It is important to choose only the best crossfit shoes and equipment possible to get maximum results from your workout. Eat healthy food, workout regularly and get in the best shape of your life.
photo credit: entitee
What natural foods can you grow at home?
People are becoming very conscious day by day about their foods. This is because many harmful chemical are being used to grow many natural foods. Therefore, many people are growing natural foods on their own at home. It not necessary for you to be a farmer to grow few plants at home. Spending a portion of your leisure time can make that possible. Growing natural foods at home you can eat fresh and healthy foods. At the same time you can save your money that you would otherwise spend to buy those foods. Few natural foods that can be grown at home are discussed here.
You can grow cauliflower in your garden quite easily. Remember cauliflowers needs fertile soil that has well drainage facilities. It is better to add some fertilizer to the soil well in advance before cultivating cauliflower. Shelter spot increases the growth of cauliflower. Do not forget to water them time to time.
It is quite easy to grow ginger at home. Just buy some ginger chunks and cover them with soil at pots or in the garden facing the freshest bud up. Ensure indirect sunlight for best result.
Growing broccoli is much more similar to growing cauliflower at home. Broccoli needs the same soil condition as cauliflower needs. It is wise to cultivate broccoli after every two years for best growth at the same soil.
This is another common and popular vegetable that you can grow at your home in abundance. Potato best grows in worm and moist place. Make sure the soil has proper drainage facilities as sogginess could hamper growth of them. Ensure the maximum sunlight for the soil possible.
Autumn is the best time to grow blackberries. At this time of the year blackberry plants get sufficient sunlight without over exposing roots. Make an arch for the blackberry bush to grow. Add some fertilizer to the soil at spring. Do not forget to water them time to time but make sure the soil does not get soggy.
Sandy soil is ideal for growing asparagus. Find a sheltered but open place for their bed. You can grow them from both seeds and crowns. Make the bed for asparagus raised.
Once you grow an apple tree in your garden, you do not to buy apples from market for many years. Before you plant a apple tree make sure the soil is well fertilized. You can use organic materials or compost to the soil. Make a wide hole into the soil to plant the young tree. You can put some compost at the bottom of that hole for better growth. Gently fill the hole with soil mixed with compost.
photo credit: VancityAllie.com
What diet should you follow best for BJJ (Brazilian Jiu Jitsu)?
Diet is very important for any high intensity training like Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. Without having proper diet you can not achieve the desired goal during competitions or trainings. Besides, you might face some skin problems, digestive problems or might gain excessive body fat if you neglect your diet for Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. However, most of the people who are doing Brazilian Jiu Jitsu do not have clear idea about what to eat and what not to. Therefore, the best diet you should follow for Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is discussed here.
Have Breakfast:
It is important to energize yourself at the start of the day by having a healthy breakfast. You will feel much more energy and less hungry throughout the day. Skipping breakfast is highly prohibited if you are training Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. The best breakfast could be cottage cheese, smoothies and omelets.
Take Meal After Every Three Hours:
Make sure you eat after every three hours throughout the day. It will provide sufficient energy for your training and you will always be full. It is better to eat at fixed times though you feel hungry at those certain times.
Include Protein In Every Meal:
Protein in food is a must for muscle. It is important you eat protein with all the meals you take throughout the day. For protein you may have red meat like buffalo, pork, lamb, beef etc and poultry like duck turkey or chicken. Besides, you can also get protein from eggs, milk or cottage cheeses or from fishes like sardines, salmon, tunas etc.
Eat Vegetables and Fruits:
Most of the garden vegetables and fruits contain very low calorie and therefore, you can have them as much as you like. They also contain anti-oxidants, minerals, vitamins in plenty. You will not gain any fat or weight eating them with every meal.
Do Not Forget to Eat Carbs:
Though many people get fat eating excessive carbohydrates, still it is important to eat them in right amount. It is better to take them after workout.
Intake Fats:
You must eat sufficient amount of healthy fat too to recover the fat loss because of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu training. Healthy fats also help improve your health.
Hydrate Yourself:
Keep yourself hydrated throughout the day. Because of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu training your body looses water which could cause problem in muscle recovery. Try to drink four to five liters of water throughout the day. It will help you lessen the hunger during your training too.
Have Whole Foods:
Try to avoid refined or processed foods. It is better to eat whole foods that come in their natural states.
photo credit: Michael Fludkov


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Jess invites her divorced parents to Thanksgiving dinner and schemes to get them back together; Schmidt and his visiting cousin compete to prove their manhood.
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text:
Space Crusade
Turn Based Strategy
Single Player - Yes
Multiplayer - No
Netbook Friendly
Theme: Science Fiction
A small turn based strategy demo set in space as you lead your commandos to victory.
System Requirements
OS: Windows XP or higher
CPU: 900 Mhz
Memory: 32 Mb
Video: 32 Mb
Hard Drive: 9.3 Mb
Download it here - http://members.westn...7/compgame.html
--> Click Here! <--
For The Full List Of 'Free And Legal PC Games.'
Edited by Megazell, 19 January 2013 - 05:47 AM.


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Is it possible for me to code the signature field on my form to not prompt the user to save when signing?
After I distribute my form, each user must sign it with digital ID and then they click a button on the form that attaches the signed form to an email in Outlook. I have many of the users requesting that they not have to save it when signing it.
When applying a digital signature to a PDF, it has to be re-saved. There is no way to avoid this when an end user manually signs the document.
Here is another thread related to your question... http://forums.adobe.com/message/2257437#2257437http://
Thank you!
Ok, this answered a question that I had, I understand it, even though it will complicate things for me. If there is no way around saving the file after signing, is there a way to automate the location of the saved file? I have a bit of a phobia of 600 people saving these temporarily signed pdfs all over their HDDs just so they can send them back, and then someone else being able to see the completed form who shouldn't. I would love to completely automate the process of saving the file after signing.
Hi 2425pike,
Did you get answer...pls share me. I have same requirement.
Yes, answer was on the same post. You cannot eliminate that requirement of saving.
Rich Gwynn


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Spoiler alert: This article is a tournament recap. Details and the results of matches are included!
StarLadder Season 9 Overview Tournament3 days ago
If you are unfortunate enough to have died, then you know more about this than I. Join me today as I elaborate on what we know of the Underscape, the home of the Narrow Maze, the passageway between life and death - and continue on my journey through the land of the dead.4 days ago
DC Art Showcase - Week 11 Dotacinema
Welcome to week 11 of the Art Showcase where we bring you the creative side of the Dota 2 community. If you are enjoying what you see, don't forget to check out the artist's gallery and show them some love. Don't forget, due to the large amount of submissions we receive, we can not guarantee that your submission will show up on the week [..]5 days ago
In Defense of All-Female Tournaments Editorial
All-female Dota tournaments are a touchy topic for a male-dominated community - but is it really such a bad idea?5 days ago
The top 5 pro Dota 2 games this week, heavily featuring the Starladder finals in Kiev.5 days ago
Spoiler alert: This article is a match recap. Details and the results of the match are included.16th April
DeMoN Joins Liquid #NoJoke Competitive
DeMoN joins Team Liquid after being the Stand-in for their team for a while.14th April
The Dead God's tide of death risks swallowing us all, and heralding its coming is one of the Dead God's mightiest minions, the singer of the Almighty Dirge.14th April
The iOS and Android app stores have begun to see a Dota 2 influence. One of the apps seen was Void Goes Farming (iOS and Android), an entertaining last-hitting simulation game. Upping the ante, however, is tryb, a promising upcoming application built to handle any and all organization and communication requirements associated with being [..]11th April
DreamHack Bucharest 2014 Schedule Tournament
The schedule of the DreamHack Bucharest 2014 has been revealed. The world's best gamers will meet on April 26 and 27 in Sala Polivalentă, Romania.10th April