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The Happiest Laundry on Earth Walt Disney World Textile Services
- Details
- Created on Saturday, 02 November 2002 13:02
- Written by Staff
LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL-- When we think of Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Cinderella or any of the inhabitants of Disney's Magic Kingdom our minds often wander to our childhood and the unforgettable Walt Disney characters and stories we've grown to know and love. These and other characters live on at Florida's Walt Disney World, meeting and greeting thousands of visitors daily.
And those visitors who stay at one of Disney's 17 on-site resorts are pampered after a long day at the theme park by relaxing in rooms with immaculate resort linens.
Keeping the Disney resort linens fresh and crisp is the job of one of America's biggest laundries - the 200,000-square-foot housekeeping plant of Walt Disney World's Textile Services in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. This facility processes goods from 23,000 hotel rooms, plus miscellaneous items from four Disney theme parks, Magic Kingdom, EPCOT, Animal Kingdom and MGM Studios, and two Disney water parks, Typhoon Lagoon and Blizzard Beach.
The operation began in 1971 as a 60,000-square-foot facility designed to handle the laundering needs of the original half-dozen or so resort hotels, as well as food and beverage linen and costumes. In 1995, a state-of-the-art facility was constructed to handle the growing number of resort hotels, and in 2002, the Housekeeping Plant expanded to its current size - capable of handling more than 80 million pounds of linen annually. This accounts for more than 180,000 towels, 70,000 washcloths, 40,000 sheets and 60,000 pillowcases sorted, cleaned, folded and assembled for return delivery every day. As future Disney resorts come on board, the facility will have the capacity to process an excess of 110 million pounds annually.
In addition to Disney's main laundry which processes hotel linens, a separate 25,000 square foot facility was built and is used to process 11 million pounds per year of food and beverage linens for the entire property. And the original 60,000 square foot facility was recently retrofitted to launder all Disney costumes and uniforms, 12 million pieces per year.
"Keeping a two-shift, seven-day-a-week operation like ours moving smoothly and efficiently comes right down to our most important asset-our people" said Ken Miratsky, operations manager. The operation is run by 228 production staff, called Cast Members and their supervisors, called Coaches. More than fifteen nationalities work side-by-side to achieve team productivity goals to the benefit of two customer groups.
"The first group is the hotels - making sure their linen needs are met. The second group is comprised of all the guests - making sure that the quality of clean linen meets their expectations during a stay at a Disney resort" says Miratsky. "That's really the `Disney Difference' that we believe separates us from other laundry facilities."
Moving the Goods
Fourteen tractor-trailer trucks make daily scheduled pickups and deliveries to the Disney resorts and parks. As each returning truck arrives at the unloading dock, carts of soiled linen are taken to a staging area for sorting. Automatic cart dumpers empty the carts onto conveyors that bring the soiled linen up to sorting platforms. From here, the sorted linen is carried in slings via Jensen's overhead Futurail system to seven, 14-chamber Lavatec continuous batch tunnel washers. The seven tunnels process about 24,500 pounds of linen per hour, with shuttles taking pressed 'cakes' to 40 Lavatec dryers, all with fully automatic computer control. Space for an eighth tunnel has already been prepared for when Disney resorts call for increased capacity.
Energy Savings
"We save energy in different ways" says Miratsky. "The counter flow system of the tunnels uses the rinse water at the end of the cycle to wet down the soiled linen at the beginning of the cycle. The tunnels require only a gallon of water for each pound of linen, compared to three or four gallons per pound for a washer-extractor. Then, we have a heat exchange system that exchanges the heat from the wastewater with the incoming city water. This increases the incoming water temperature about 40 degrees, which translates to a substantial energy savings. Also, the clean linen being shuttled from the tunnels' presses to the dryers is at about 140 degrees and that saves energy in the dryers."
The fully automated overhead rail system for slings have two separate configurations to keep soiled linen slings on the soil side of the plant and clean linen slings on the clean side. After exiting a dryer a load of linen is emptied onto a conveyor and dropped into a waiting sling. The sling rides the overhead Futurail to a staging area located over the production offices for efficient space utilization. From here, goods are called off by priority to the workstations. Sheets, for example, go to the flat work ironers and towels go to the 22 towel fold stations. The sling bottoms open on signal and drop the linen onto feed bins where it is pulled by Cast Members.
The plant has seven hot-oil flatwork ironers from Central, Braun and Lavatec, with Chicago and King Edge feeders on the front ends and Lavatec folders on the back ends. Five of the seven ironers are dedicated to sheets, one to pillowcases, and the seventh has been retrofitted as a utility machine to handle both. For ergonomics and productivity, each of the five sheet ironers has a Weir picker that picks the sheets out of the bin, breaks them apart, and hands them to the Cast Members.
Each piece of equipment is connected to a central computer that tracks the plant's productivity. The central computer system, LINT (Laundry Information New Technology) system was developed by Walt Disney World system specialists. "Our front line coaches can see the whole operation on one computer screen. A key aspect to managing a facility of this size is to know what's happening in live time to the second" says Miratsky. "The computer shows us the entire plant and what is in each tunnel, each dryer, each bag on every rail. We know what kind of poundage sorting is doing, what kind of poundage the wash deck is doing, how many sheets and towels we've produced. We can see where schedule delays are occurring and get to the problem
area right away and provide a solution."
The linen carts, after being dumped at the soil side, travel through a Pioneer automated cart washer and are sent to the clean side of the plant. Prior to staging in the shipping area, the carts are organized with clean linen in three different configurations, according to the wishes of the individual resort hotels. The first is the bulk cart, filled with all sheets, or towels, or pillowcases for example. The second is the linen room-ready cart where linen handlers at the resorts fax inventory requests to the plant for the shipping team to prepare on a per cart basis, usually a mix of bulk items specific to each linen room. The third configuration is housekeeper-ready. Each of these carts contains the linen-sheets, pillowcases, bath towels, hand towels, etc. needed to service 18 rooms. A steady flow of trucks arrive to be filled with carts then leave to deliver clean linen to resorts over some 50 square miles of Disney property. Some trucks serve multiple resorts, while others deliver to only one, such as the 5,860-room Disney All Star Resort.
Quality Control
There are several stages of quality control at the Disney laundry. Cast Members check all linen before and after ironing, and before and after towel folding. Stained items are returned for rewash. At the resorts, housekeepers send damaged items back to the plant in special blue bags. Sheets and pillowcases with holes or tears are sold to a rag vendor for recycling. Terry goods, from washcloths to bath towels to pool towels, are sent to the costume plant to be cut and sewn into cleaning rags which are then dyed yellow and used all over the property. From housekeeping to custodial to recreation, these yellow rags can be spotted cleaning guest rooms, bathrooms, grills, ovens, theme park attractions, even the Disney boats.
Cast Members are given a deep sense of responsibility at Textile Services. "We cross train everyone to give them not only the opportunity for flexibility and advancement" says Miratsky, "but also to understand the importance of everyone else's job here in the plant - to feel the meaning of teamwork. After six months or so in the training program, we take them out to the resorts so they can go into the guest rooms and see the towels and sheets they just produced, ready and waiting for the guests. It gives meaning to the
Quick Rinse - News From Around The World
Crown Healthcare Meets HLAC Accreditation
BOSTON, Ma. — Crown Uniform and Linen Service / Crown Healthcare Apparel Service announced the accreditation of their second Massachusetts facility by the Healthcare Laundry Accreditation Council (HLAC). The service now meets HLAC standards in both the Boston and Fall River, MA processing centers.
Healthcare Laundry Accreditation ensures that the inspected facility meets or exceeds the highest standards for processing healthcare textiles as required by the commercial healthcare laundry industry and regulations established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Crown provides a full medical scrubs service and offers a full line of hospital scrubs, lab coats, patient wear, and PPE that are in line with all compliance regulations.


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Morning 5
5 Jimmy Fallon facts
|Jimmy Fallon, host of 'Late Night with Jimmy Fallon,' on the set in New York. (AP Photo/NBC, Lloyd Bishop)
A recent rift between NBC and Jay Leno has sparked interest in Jimmy Fallon taking over "Tonight." (Visit rep-am.com to read the story.) Here are five things about the "Late Night" host:
1) Weekend Update — Served as co-anchor with Tina Fey on "Saturday Night Live."
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The Winery
1 California Drive
Yountville, CA 94599 Map It
1+ 888 242 6366
Club Chandon Opt. 1
étoile Restaurant Opt. 2
Visitor Center Opt. 3
Admin Reception Opt. 4
Fax 1+707 944 1123
étoile Restaurant Hours
Lunch: 11:30am-2:30pm Thurs-Mon
Dinner: 6pm-9pm Thurs-Mon
Closed: January - February 9, Christmas Eve & Christmas Day
Visitor Center Hours
Open Daily: 10am - 5pm
Closed: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Day
Join us for a tasting in our vibrant, contemporary Tasting Lounge. The festive and stylish setting is ideal for gathering around the bar, a cocktail table, or shaded patio table to sample our diverse selection of sparkling and still wines. Tastings are offered daily from 10am-4:30pm, with the Salon closing at 5pm.
Advance reservations are required for parties of ten or more. To make a reservation, call (888) 242-6366 Monday through Friday between 9am and 5pm.
Larger groups of 10 people or more are invited to reserve a bottle package on our terrace. Enjoy a relaxed atmosphere with a reserved table and hand selected wines.
New Policy
As of August 2011, in order to maintain the safest environment possible and to provide a memorable experience for all visitors, Domaine Chandon has initiated the following policy:
The Domaine Chandon tasting lounge is restricted to adults 21 years or older. Guests with children may enjoy our outdoor terrace which features seating on a first-come, first-serve basis.
Explore the diversity of our sparkling and still wines by choosing one of our four tasting flights:
Prestige Tasting
étoile showcases the beauty that happens when our winemakers throw traditional winemaking requirements to the wind and make all of their grape, blending, and aging decisions instinctually, producing the finest sparkling wines in America. Price: $20 per person.
Reserve Tasting
This palate adventure includes samples of our voluptuous and creamy Reserve tier. These wines are aged a minimum of 3 years and are robust and complex. Price: $20 per person.
Classic Tasting
If you are a fan of fun, vibrant, fruit-forward wines, go straight for this fantastic selection of our four classic sparklers. Price: $20 per person.
Varietal Tasting
If you aren't familiar with our still wines from the acclaimed Carneros and Sonoma appellations, you can try three of our highly regarded wines in this tasting. Price: $22 per person.
Reservations are required for groups of ten or more for all tastings. Please call 707-204-7461 for additional information.
Terrace Bottle Packages
Enjoy a reservation on our terrace with hand-selected bottles representing multiple tiers in our wine portfolio. Upon your group's arrival, your host will escort you to your reserved area. After a brief introduction, your host will describe each wine and answer any questions your group may have. At that point, you are invited to enjoy the wine at your leisure.
Bottle Package: $30 per person.
Wines are dependent on group size.


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"Everybody on the block heard the gunshots," recalls a witness.
That was the scene of the latest police involved shooting in Germantown. More than 50 shots fired on Montana Street, as police say at least two armed homicide suspects opened fire on officers and FBI agents. They returned fire instantly, killing one and wounding the other. "All of a sudden I just heard these gunshots. Pow.pow.pow pow," neighbor Diane Ramsey told Fox 29. She was just up the block from the gun battle. This gun fight came after two police involved shootings overnight and on the eve of a new study into the use of deadly force by city police. "We have nothing to hide, we want people to take a look. It pays to have an objective third party on occasion," Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey told Fox 29 Monday. Ramsey believes it's necessary to have another set of eyes examine how and when officers use their weapons. 52 people were either killed or wounded by police last year. Up from 35 the year before. "Take a look. Make recommendations if there are areas that can be strengthen, then we ought to strengthen them," Ramsey added.
"Don't second guess yourself because that one split second could cost you your life," reflects Fraternal Order of Police President John McNesby. McNesby also says Philly cops have nothing to hide. He says no officers have been charged with an unjustified shooting since Ramsey took over. He believes officers use deadly force only when they have to. "Everyone of these jobs (shootings) are good jobs," he said. "Every one of them had a gun." "This is the trend now. I think it's necessary for us now in Philly," Ramsey remarked.
The team of investigators and experts will arrive in Philadelphia on Tuesday and spend three days talking to officers, top commanders, city officials and neighborhood leaders. The study is expected to take about a year to complete. Las Vegas Police just completed a similar study recently.
Ramsey says 23 other cities are considering the same type of study.
Flames are tearing through a South Jersey forest right now, and this wildfire is only expected to grow.
WHBQ-TV | Fox 13 485 S. Highland St.Memphis, TN 38111Main Station: (901) 320-1313Newsroom: (901) 320-1340


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Safety Information
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In the event of a fire, dial 911 immediately and do not panic. Inform others in your immediate area to exit the building.
When a fire breaks out in a crowded place, people almost always head for the front door. It's the one exit they know. It's the one exit everyone knows. That's why, when you enter a public place or building you're not familiar with, give yourself exit options. Take a moment to look around and see where other exits are located, so you'll know where best to go in case a fire breaks out.
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West Texas A&M University offers free CPR/AED training through Student Medical Services (Virgil Henson Activities Center Room #104) for students, faculty, and staff. Please take the initiative to make our campus a safer place by signing up today!


text: Rhonda Stone courtesy of the Fairhaven Police Department Mother And Daughter Arrested On Multiple Charges By Taylor Cormier July 29, 2013 Fairhaven Police have arrested a mother and daughter on multiple charges including larceny and drug charges. 53 year old Rhonda Stone and 23 year old Devyn Stone were arrested on larceny of a motor vehicle, receiving property valued at over $250, and drug charges. Just Read More|Comment Category: Local News, News Tags: daughter, Empire Loan, fairhaven, fairhaven police, heroin, larceny, mother, Ocean State Job Lot, Stones Send to a friend! Print this page Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Excellent enchiladas – By far, hands down the best home style Mexican I've ever had! They've been around for years and have always had good quality food. My parents love taking me here when I come home to visit.
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Ruben Farrus
Dec. 27, 2013 | 7:00 a.m.
'That Dragon, Cancer,' 'Silent Enemy': Game designers to watch in 2014
The Times asked its reporters and critics to highlight figures in entertainment and the arts who will be making news in 2014. Todd Martens focused on a few video game designers who could have gamers talking in the new year. Ryan and Amy Green The setting is a hospital. A father is exasperated, a child is crying and it's your job to find out why. But any victories will be small, as "That Dragon, Cancer" explores the ups, the downs, the everyday terror, the sudden miracles and the dreaded inevitability of caring for a loved one with terminal brain cancer. So … wanna play? Ryan Green, his writer-wife, Amy, and a small team near Fort Collins, Colo., are in the early to middevelopment stages of "That Dragon, Cancer," a narrative-driven game they hope to complete and release by the end […]


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Coastal Today Show #544, November 11 - 17, 2013 | Britany Higdon and Zachary Burns from CCU Atheneum on Vimeo.
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The 24th annual Theodore Clevenger Undergraduate Honors Conference (UHC) will take place during the Southern States Communication Association meeting in New Orleans, LA., April 1-6, 2014. (UHC panels will likely be scheduled for April 4th and 5th.) The UHC provides an opportunity for exemplary undergraduate students and faculty to discuss current research projects and consider directions for future communication scholarship. The goals of the UHC include supporting undergraduate scholarship, networking and exchanging ideas with other communication scholars, and exploring opportunities for graduate study.
Students participating in past conferences represent a wide range of colleges and universities that extends beyond the southern states region. The topics of papers have also been wide-ranging and include social science, humanistic, critical and performance oriented approaches to the study of communication.
Any student who is currently enrolled as an undergraduate is eligible to submit a paper. In the case of multiple-authored papers, one student must be designated as the submitting/presenting author of each paper, and no student may present more than one paper. Students may submit only ONE PAPER. Submissions from anyone other than the author(s) will disqualify the paper from review.
Papers must be double-spaced in 12-point font and with one inch minimum margins. Submissions should not exceed 25 pages (including all references, figures, tables, and appendices), should avoid sexist language, and should include an abstract of 100-150 words. The identity of the author or institution should not appear anywhere in the paper.
The deadline for submission to the UHC is Saturday, December 14, 2013. Papers should be submitted by the author(s) in Word or PDF format to Dr. Jean Depart, Appalachian State University, at firstname.lastname@example.com. The subject line of the email should contain the phrase "UHC Paper Submission." The email message should have two files attached:
File #1: A submission letter requesting review of the UHC paper that includes the title of the paper, name(s) of the author(s), institutional affiliations, mailing addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses. If the paper addresses the convention theme (Moving On: Envisioning the Future of the Field), please note this in the submission letter.
File #2: The paper that begins with the title/abstract as page one.
SSCA reserves the right to disqualify any paper. (We hope that we do not exercise this right, but we just need to indicate that we do maintain the right.)
If you have any questions, please contact Dr. Jean Depart at email@example.com or at (828) 262-2402.
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Fraser Ridge Tree Farm
Fraser Ridge Tree Farm is a medium size family operated wholesale Christmas tree Farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Mouth of Wilson, Virginia along the NC/VA line. We are only miles from the number one native seed source at Mount Rogers VA. We specialize in producing premium quality Fraser Fir wholesale trees. Our passion for keeping up with the latest technology and dedication for providing our customers with only the finest carefully cultivated trees and products has earned us a reputation of excellence. Our goal is to provide customers with the freshest top quality Christmas tree and wreaths available with unsurpassed customer service. We are small enough to provide detail in growing and harvesting our trees, but large enough to meet all of your needs. Whether it is garland, trees, and wreaths, we look forward to making you a repeat customer for years to come. We enjoy working with our customers on a one on one basis and tailoring our products to fit your individual situation. If you are a nursery, retail tree lot operator, garden center, or an organization wanting to do fund raising contact us. We offer competitive pricing on cheap wholesale Christmas garland trees wreaths.


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Defeat Diabetes
150 153rd Ave,
Suite 300
Madeira Beach, FL 33708
Lower Fertility In Men Linked To Diabetes and ObesityPosted: Thursday, July 17, 2008
It appears that not only the mother's weight plays an important role in conceiving, but the father's as well, as reported at the 24th annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology on July 9.
More exactly, Dr. Shayeb�s study suggests that obese men produced substantially less sperm than average and had higher levels of abnormalities, which can reduce chances of conceiving and boost the risk of miscarriage. The same thing happened in the case of men who were underweight.
For the study, Dr. Shayeb and colleagues analyzed 5,316 men attending Aberdeen Fertility Centre between 1990 and 2007 and identified 2,037 who had listed their body mass index. BMI is defined as a ratio of weight to height. A BMI above 30 is classed as clinically obese, a BMI between 20 and 25 is classed as normal, healthy weight, and a BMI under 20 is classed as underweight.
The analysis revealed that those having a BMI above 30 produced 60 percent less seminal fluid than men with a healthy BMI, and had 40 percent higher levels of abnormal sperm. And the more obese the men were, the bigger the problem with fertility. Also, severely underweight men had poorer sperm quality than men in the healthy weight range.
The findings of this study are not new, according to Dr. Shayeb's sayings. "Other studies have suggested an association between male obesity and increased DNA damage in the sperm, which can be associated with reduced fertility as well."
Moreover, Dr. Shayeb suggests that men trying to conceive "should first try to achieve an ideal body weight."
What exactly causes DNA damage in the sperm is not clear, the lead author of the study said. There could be a number of things. Obese men appear to have different hormone levels and that could influence the production of sperm. Excessive fat in the area could overheat the testicles affecting this way the quality of sperm. Finally yet importantly, the lifestyle and diet leading to obesity could be a decisive factor when conceiving.
Nothing is yet known, but "this is an important question that needs urgent attention"�
Until the relationship between fertility and obesity is established, men are recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet and a daily exercise program in order to improve their BMI. "We are pleased to be able to add improved semen quality to the long lost of benefits that we know are the results of an optimal body weight."
A separate study conducted by Dr. Con Mallidis from Queen�s University, Belfast concluded that diabetes may affect men's fertility by disrupting DNA in sperm. Once DNA is damaged, the quality of the embryo decreases, making it more difficult for an embryo to implant into the womb. This leads to higher miscarriage rates.
Damaged sperm DNA is also linked to some serious childhood diseases, including cancers.
"Diabetics have a significant decrease in their ability to repair sperm DNA, and once this is damaged, it cannot be restored," the study wrote.
Source: Presented at the 24th annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology held in Barcelona on July 9.
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Dodge Price & Dodge Values: Dodge, a division of Chrysler Group LLC, is a North American car manufacturer that produces sporty and some high performance models. Dodge cars, trucks, vans and SUVS include the Dodge Challenger, the economical Dodge Dart and the upscale family SUV Dodge Durango. Review all Dodge Deals today and then build your own Dodge.
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A high-performance, exotic American supercar, the 1999 Dodge Viper seats two passengers and boasts a massive 8.0L V10 engine under the hood.
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Are you oversharing on Facebook? You might be and not know it if you haven't checked your Instagram settings in a while.
Lovematically is an app that takes the drudgery out of being a complete and utter ingratiating fake.
At LeWeb in Paris, 18-year-old Nick D'Aloisio, who joined Yahoo when it acquired his company, talks about the entrepreneurial spirit.
BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins made some different -- and seemingly conflicting -- comments about the state of tablets.
Allen's chief investment officer floats the idea of Microsoft spinning off consumer businesses, like search advertising and Xbox.
Want the world to know how well-"Liked" you are? A new device that sits on a counter or hangs on a wall tallies one measure of digital validation in real time.
Microsoft's proposal to build its unified mouse-pen-multitouch interface technology into Chrome gets a warm reception at Google I/O.
The hating continues for Instagram over its new terms of service for sharing photos. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's sister weighs in with a push of a button.
Luis Rodriguez, whose picture is featured on the Huntingdon Beach police Facebook page, seems rather proud of the fact -- which is a pity, because police want him on charges of vandalism.
The Zeus virus, originally made to steal credit card data, is now being used to create bogus Instagram accounts that can "like" businesses on the popular service -- if those businesses pay for the privilege.


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Those of you reading this down in Montrose may not have noticed as much as those in Ouray or Telluride, but there is certainly a chill in the air and the fair-weather clock is ticking to get your fishing in on the region's high country lakes before the snow falls.
I was recently on the banks of the San Miguel River below the Norwood Bridge and I was having a nice time and all, but I felt I needed a change of scenery. I had fished there just a little too often this summer. So I decided to strap on the hiking boots, frame pack and rain gear for a high-altitude hike to Silver Lake above Telluride.
If you can catch a ride up to the Bridal Veil Falls Hydro Plant, the hike from there is not too bad. It is certainly a steep gradient, but the views along the way only get better and better.
Once I got to Silver Lake and set up camp for the night, I broke out the fly-rod to try my hand at catching some of the very big, colorful cutthroat trout that tend to hang out at the lake's outlet.
Fearing I would spook these fish, I tried my damnedest to sneak up on them but they swam away immediately once my flyline was in the air. They came back. I gently set a small parachute Adams on the water and nothing happened.
I stayed with the dries and went bigger, smaller, and brighter, all to no avail. The fish wouldn't touch my fly. I tied on a dropper and drug it across their faces. They swam away. I waited until dusk. Nothing. It was so puzzling and so frustrating. Had I really hiked half a day up a mountain for these big and beautiful fish to ignore me? I guess so.
If anyone has found the trick to catching these high-brow cutthroats, let me know. I want the secret.


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Morning 5
5 salads for summer
Nothing beats a fresh salad. Here are some salads that will make your summer from Food Network:
1) Massaged kale salad — Softened black kale, lemon juice and a little honey.
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Baker became mayor in early October when the former mayor, Rick Freeman, stepped down.
The council began seeking a candidate to fill the seat on Oct. 16, but they scheduled the vote on Nov. 19 to give members time to learn about each candidate.
That plan changed when Councilman Ben Keller made a motion to select a new member Tuesday. Keller said he wanted to move forward with the vote to help the city.
"We needed to go on and get this over with," Keller said. "We were just standing still."
Harper, a 49-year-old Piedmont native, works as area circulation manager for The Birmingham News and said he is new to politics.
"I want to work with the council we have and get the council moving in the right direction," Harper said. "I'm excited about it."
He said he decided to seek the position at the urging of friends, and he hopes to work with the council to bring work and revenue to the city.
"I think it's easy to say that, but we're going to have to actually probably look at ways to get that accomplished," he said.
Harper also said he plans to be a one-term council member and added that he wouldn't have sought office during an election year. The remainder of his term will last about three years.
"I think he's committed to the city, and I think he'll work hard to make good things happen for the city," Baker said.
Baker added that he thinks Harper's professional experience will help him fulfill the responsibilities of the office.
"I think he has a good business background," Baker said. "I think he has some good financial knowledge."
Harper is married to Angie Harper, a Piedmont Elementary School teacher. They have two daughters who attend Auburn University.
Piedmont residents Kevin Farmer and Jay Wilson also applied for the position. Four of the five council members present for Tuesday's meeting voted for Harper.
Council member Terry Kiser nominated Kevin Farmer.
Staff writer Laura Gaddy: 256-235-3544. On Twitter @LJohnson_Star.


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- 6 Comments
ABT Electronics has the Sharp Aquos 42inch LC42D65U 1080p LCD HDTV with combo Sharp Aquos 1080p HD Blu-Ray Disc Player for $1097 with free shipping. To get the deal, click "View Details/Purchase" under Special Offers.
42-inch Widescreen TFT panel with a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels 10,000:1 Dynamic Contrast Ratio, 4 ms response, 450 cd/m² brightness Built-in ATSC / QAM / NTSC Tuners provide access to DTV and analog TV


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MOUNT VERNON — The Hand-in-Hand program allows Knox County residents many opportunities to support Hospice of Knox County. Since 1983, Hospice of Knox County has provided quality care for those with life-limiting illnesses and has offered support services to patients and their families throughout their grief process. Donations are depended on for many services, and individual promotions can also offer much support, specifically the current promotion called Hand In Hand.
"Hospice of Knox County is the only not-for-profit hospice program in Knox County and reaching the bordering regions of our county," executive director Glenda Toth told the News. She explained that Hospice of Knox County each year has a significant amount of their work for which there is no reimbursement. To offset this deficit, promotions such as Hand In Hand are coordinated so that services are available across the county.
Among the programs supported through this promotion are the Camp Hope program, Build a Bear program, the school-based grief program and others. Since 2009, Hospice has provided $150,000 worth of services which have gone unreimbursed, according to Toth.
Contact Alan ReedEmail
Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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With a simple twist, bend its flexible, durable Gear Tie to create a hook for keys, dog leashes, ID badges/lanyards, sunglasses - you name it. A few Mountables in a row create a custom holder for odd-shaped items - or get creative and colorful and use them to hang anything you want to view or have easy access to. The organizational and decorative possibilities are limitless!
Product Details
We are pleased to announce our new shipping promotions below. These rates apply to your entire order*!
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*These offers apply to in-stock orders to the lower 48 states only. We cannot include shipments to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico or any other US Territory. Please call or email us for rates to these locations. Oversized packages are also excluded for 3, 2, and next day shipping. Items that are shipped freight are also excluded. Because we have many different warehouses around the United States we reserve the right to choose the carrier. Signature service can be requested for $3 extra.
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We speak French, German, and Italian!
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Many countries impose their own customs, duties, tariffs, taxes, etc... on items imported from the USA. We do not cover those costs.
The shipping transit times are approx. as follow:
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|4-5 weeks (not trackable)


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The Georgia Tech Women in Engineering (WIE) program is dedicated to recruiting top female students into engineering majors and, once enrolled, to ensure the highest level of retention by fostering an environment that encourages curiosity, creativity and intellectual and personal growth. WIE strives to redefine the engineering profession as a positive societal force with the potential to improve the quality of life through the creation of world changing technologies.
WIE challenges and inspires women to achieve their fullest potential as engineers and as leaders, and celebrates their accomplishments and successes. The WIE programs are driven by the belief that the success of Georgia Tech's female students will be a natural result of efforts to improve the overall climate for all students, both male and female. While WIE programs are designed to support and encourage female students, their implementation is inclusive of all students.
Subscribe here to receive our eNewsletter and stay up-to-date on all the great things happening with GT WIE!


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Look Better
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Adriana Lima has become one of the most in-demand runway models in the world. When she's not making men throughout the world drool, she's helping Brazilian orphans in her native land or dabbling in acting. Not only is Adriana Lima considered one of Victoria's Secret's "Perfect 10" models, but she's also a spokesperson for Armani Jeans. We're not sure whether we'd rather see 2005's No. 1 in lingerie or in jeans... tough call, isn't it? Read more about Adriana Lima


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Blank spots in your living room catch the eye in a negative way... fill in the space with a Rochester Console Table! Classic Shaker design fits in almost any interior design scheme, with great-looking walnut finish over rock-solid, real-wood construction. Has one pull-out drawer for a remote control, TV Guide, writing materials and more. Easy assembly... hardware is included. Measures 16 x 44 x 29" and weighs 34 lbs.
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Most accounting research at Carnegie Mellon business school is grounded in economics. In addition, students in accounting take a wide range of courses in mathematics, probability and statistics, econometrics, and experimental design that prepare them to conduct both theoretical and empirical research.
The Accounting area in particular, and the business school in general, maintain an active workshop series. These workshops provide another important component of a student's education.
Below are listed courses which accounting students are expected to take, and courses from which they may choose.
Accounting courses (which may vary from year-to-year)
47-710 Seminar in Accounting
47-718 Accounting and Information Economics I
47-719 Accounting and Information Economics II
47-910 Market Dynamics
Typical other coursework:
47-780 Mathematics for Economists
47-800 Microeconomics I
47-801 Microeconomics II
47-811 Econometrics I
47-812 Econometrics II
47-817 Game Theory and Applications
47-818 Economics of Contracts
Other subjects depending on interest:
21-620 Real Analysis
21-621 Introduction to Lebesgue Measure
36-753/54 Probability and Stochastic Processes
47-721 Seminar in Finance I
47-722 Seminar in Finance II
47-723 Seminar in Finance III
47-727 Credit Derivatives
47-802 Macroeconomics I
47-803 Dynamic Competitive Analysis
47-805 Computational Methods for Economics
47-834 Linear Programming


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|Excellent - 46 reviews
Overall Rating - Excellent - 46 reviews
Excellent 10.0
The location was perfect. It had plenty of restaurants and a mall next door as well as Walmart down the road.
Thought I was getting rooms with a fridge and microwave. After talking to the front desk clerk she let me know that the only rooms with microfridges are not sold on discount sites. Priceline said they had them.... more
Excellent 10.0
The grandkids loved the pool the best. I liked the comfortable beds.
You need more than one ice machine. You also need to get scrambled eggs, bacon, and biscutsThis is a very nice Hotel and we truely enjoyed our stay there. I would recomend this hotel. ... more
|Excellent - 1 reviews
The Welcome Hotel & Suites is your Decatur, Illinois Hotel! The Welcome Hotel & Suites, a Decatur Illinois hotel, is located just minutes from downtown, and just 9 miles from Lake Decatur, Scovill Zoo and the Children's Museum of Illinois. Our hotel near Millikin University, Spitler Woods State Park, Macon Speedway and Rotary Park, offers guests a conve...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 1 reviews
|Good - 46 reviews
Spend your next trip in comfort at this Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham Decatur, IL hotel, located near Interstate 72 and Decatur Municipal Airport. Rooms at this hotel feature complimentary wireless Internet and pillow-top mattresses. The hotel also offers a complimentary hot breakfast buffet, a fitness center, laundry and dry-cleaning services and meeting space...
Overall Rating - Good - 46 reviews
Also good to know about the hotel:
Wonderful housekeeping
Excellent 10.0
Excellent accommodations and friendly staff.Exceeded my expectations. ... more
Excellent 10.0
Loved the way room was arranged-especially the bathroom not being right next to the door when coming in. Bed very comfortable.
No... more
|Good - 207 reviews
With a stay at Decatur Conference Center & Hotel in Decatur, you'll be close to Rock Springs Conservation Area and Kirkland Fine Arts Center. This hotel is within the vicinity of Hickory Point Golf Course and Hickory Point Mall. Make yourself at home in one of the 370 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available to keep you...
Overall Rating - Good - 207 reviews
Also good to know about the hotel:
Wonderful housekeeping
Poor 1.0
It was dirty, thin walls, housekeeping was loud in hall, smelled like smoke, it was a place I will never go again.They first tried to put me in a room that was worse than a motel. It had a very hard bed, with outdated bedding & it stunk really badly of ciggarettes. It was supposedly non-smoking. I called and complained to the front. They moved me to a MUCH better room however the walls were dirty, the carpet was stained the bathroom counter was gross. It was not a good experience! ... more
Okay 5.0
Breakfast area and staff
Hallways, stairs and elevators dingy and had an odor. My non-smoking room smelled like it had previously been a smoking room... more
|Good - 66 reviews
Located at the corner of I-72 and Highway 51, the hotel features an indoor heated swimming pool, fitness & complimentary access to off-site fitness facitily, meeting room, and courtesy airport transportation Monday-Friday 7am-7pm. Complimentary breakfast is served daily from 6am-10am. High Speed Wireless Internet access available in all rooms, lobby and meet...
Overall Rating - Good - 66 reviews
Also good to know about the hotel:
Great reception
Excellent 10.0
The selection for breakfast is getting better and better. Loved the breakfast burrittos.
At 2:30an on Saturday night there was a guest that was cussing in the loudest voice his wife and kids about some key and slamming doors and it woke me up and it took a while for me to fall back asleep. Management should have taken care of it sooner.Excellent and close to freeway and other things I need when up there. ... more
Excellent 10.0
The hotel had great rooms, a fantastic location, and very friendly helpful staff.
Nothing.I would stay here again. ... more
|Good - 41 reviews
Conveniently located off Interstate 72, this Ramada Limited Decatur hotel is near Milikin University, Scovill Zoo, Red Trail Run Golf Course, The Hickory Point Mall and many local restaurants. After a day of business or leisure, refresh at this hotel with complimentary wireless Internet access, complimentary continental breakfast, gym, heated indoor pool, co...
Overall Rating - Good - 41 reviews
Good 7.6
The young lady that worked 3-11 was very helpful and polite. She goes above and beyond for the guest to make sure they are comfortable. I enjoyed my stay.... more
Mediocre 4.0
My kids enjoyed the pool.
There were ants. I mean thousands no lie! Thousands of ants crawling on the breakfast doughnuts and on the counter top. I had to go get staff and bring it to their attention. I was relaxing in bed and smashed one that was crawling on my arm.Needless to say that they have a major ant problem that needs to be addressed. ... more
|Okay - 21 reviews
Centrally located in Decatur, Americas Best Value Inn Decatur is convenient to Rock Springs Conservation Area and Kirkland Fine Arts Center. This hotel is within the region of Millikin University and Hickory Point Golf Course. Make yourself at home in one of the air-conditioned rooms featuring microwaves. Cable television is provided for your entertainment...
Overall Rating - Okay - 21 reviews
Good 7.0
Quiet room friendly staff
Hotel has smoking rooms so the hallway smells like smoke... more
Good 7.0
clean quiet rooms, like the pillows
hallways smell like smokeno frills just a quiet place to sleep ... more
|Excellent - 11 reviews
This motel is 3 miles from downtown Decatur and is within a 10-minute drive of Miliken University. The motel offers a 24-hour front desk and rooms with a microwave. Decatur Inn rooms include a refrigerator and coffee maker. The rooms are equipped with a work desk and free Wi-Fi. Guests at the Decatur Inn can get information on area events and activities at...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 11 reviews
Mediocre 4.0
That the management allowed a late checkout for an additional price of only $30.00
Could have been cleaner... more
Okay 5.0
Our room was less than clean. The water in the bathroom was hooked up backwards.I got what I paid for. With some simple touches this could be a nicer place. ... more
|Good - 211 reviews
Enjoy the hometown hospitality at this Baymont Inn and Suites Decatur, just off Interstate 72 in north Decatur, close to the Decatur Airport and convenient to downtown, restaurants, corporate headquarters and attractions. Pets are welcome at this lodging, which offers complimentary wireless Internet and complimentary continental breakfast as well as a workou...
Overall Rating - Good - 211 reviews
Okay 5.0
the price was good
need to get the apple and orange juice machine kids were not happy... more
Excellent 10.0
lack of vending machinesWe were very satisfied with this Hotel and plan on staying there when we visit the area next time if the price is still right. We visit our children about 6 times per year. ... more
|Excellent - 84 reviews
With a stay at Homewood Suites by Hilton DecaturForsyth in Forsyth, you'll be minutes from Hickory Point Mall and close to Hickory Point Golf Course. This hotel is within the region of Scovill Zoo and Rock Springs Conservation Area. Make yourself at home in one of the air-conditioned rooms featuring kitchens with refrigerators and microwaves. Pay movies and...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 84 reviews
Also good to know about the hotel:
Impressive bathroom
Comfortable beds
Excellent 10.0
I stayed in a spacious double Queen one bedroom suite. The beds were very comfortable , and practicle w/the kitchen area. Common breakfast area was amazing and staff was superb. The location is in walking distance to restaurants, and THE MALL :). Excellent stay, and I would stay here any time I'm in Decatur. ... more
Excellent 10.0
hotel was well equiped with popcorn coffee a dvd player room was great had a king size bed a must see.
I was dissappointed that the pool and the whirlpool were out of order as i had a bad back and could have used the whirlpool.the only other bad thing was I found out later I should have booked thru the hotel not priceline i would have saved 40 bucksi loved the hotel's set up right next to the Forsyeth mall. i could walk over to the mall. accomodations were great hotel staff was excellent and friendly i was impressed and would stay here again and will stay here again ... more
|Excellent - 112 reviews
Located in Forsyth, Hampton Inn & Suites Decatur - Forsyth is convenient to Hickory Point Mall and Hickory Point Golf Course. This hotel is within the region of Scovill Zoo and Rock Springs Conservation Area. Make yourself at home in one of the 61 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access keeps you connected, and cable prog...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 112 reviews
Mediocre 3.0
The room was renovated and nice.
The lobby was under construction so they had breakfast in two converted guest rooms. It was extremely cramped, poorly maintained and there was no where to put the garbage. It was such a negative experience that we chose not to eat breakfast there again.The renovations made for a negative experience. I'm sure it will be better move this is completed. ... more
Excellent 10.0
The staff was wonderful and the room was super clean and nice!... more
|Okay - 14 reviews
The Quality Inn is conveniently located just five miles from the Decatur Airport. This Forsyth hotel is close to several area attractions like the Hickory Point Mall, Hickory Point Golf Course, the Decatur Civic Center, the Macon County Museum and the Children's Museum of Illinois. Area businesses such as ADM, Firestone and Caterpillar are within 15 minutes...
Overall Rating - Okay - 14 reviews
Excellent 9.0
very nice and the rooms were better than more expensive hotels I stay at all the time.
safe in room was not unlocked and usableOverall this was a nice place to stay with lots of food choices and shopping very close to hotel. A true value for the money. ... more
Good 7.0
stains on furnitureok,it served its purpose ... more
|Good - 13 reviews
Business center. exercise room, fitness center, whirlpool, guest laundry and indoor pool. Staley Manufacturing and Caterpillar facilities nearby. Richland Community College, ADM, and the Farm Progress Show is just one mile away. FREE wireless high-speed Internet access in all rooms! All rooms have microwave and refrigerators. Pets are allowed with a $10.00 c...
Overall Rating - Good - 13 reviews
Excellent 9.0
The hotel room was recently remodeled and very nice.
The hotel was almost finished with the renovation. The lobby area could have been a little cleaner.The hotel was convenient to Richland Community College and the Farm Expo site. Very quiet and the room was very nice. I would definitely stay there again. ... more
Excellent 10.0
the fact that it was very clean and the staff were friendly
the only thing we noticied is that we were in a non smoking room and you could smell cigarette smoke thru the vents- especially when we were in the bathroom.Very clean hotel, nice lobby, nice to have an elevator, clean rooms with no evidence of bedbugs or any problems with cleanliness.We were in a smoke free room but could smell the cigarette smoke of other patrons when we were in our bathroom-so think that maybe the cigarette smell was coming thru the bathroom ventilation system maybe- overall great hotel. ... more
|Okay - 18 reviews
Overall Rating - Okay - 18 reviews
Good 8.0
The man at the front desk was very nice and helpful and, to me, made up for the not so great room.You get what you pay for. Not a great room or anything, but the man at the desk was so nice and sweet. He made up for the bad stuff. ... more


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Vaccines, Blood & Biologics
Draft Guidance for Industry: Use of Nucleic Acid Tests to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of West Nile Virus from Donors of Whole Blood and Blood Components Intended for Transfusion and Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps)
[PDF Printable Version - 96 KB]
This guidance is for comment purposes only.
Submit comments on this draft guidance by the date provided in the Federal Register notice announcing the availability of the draft guidance. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations.gov. You should identify all comments with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that published in the Federal Register.
Additional copies of this draft guidance are available from the Office of Communication, Training and Manufacturers Assistance (HFM-40), 1401 Rockville Pike, Suite 200N, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, or by calling 1-800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800, or from the Internet at http://www.fda.gov/cber/guidelines.htm.
For questions on the scientific content of this guidance regarding blood donors, contact Maria Rios, Ph.D., in the Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review at 301-827-3008. For questions regarding labeling or licensing issues, contact the Division of Blood Applications, Office of Blood Research and Review at 301-827-3524. For questions regarding HCT/P donors, contact Melissa Greenwald, M.D., in the Division of Human Tissues, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies at 301-827-2002.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
April 2008
Contains Nonbinding Recommendations
Draft - Not for Implementation
Table of Contents
- Whole Blood and Blood Components
- HCT/Ps
- Testing, Unit Management, and Donor Management
- Converting from MP-NAT to ID-NAT
- Reporting Test Implementation
- Labeling of Whole Blood and Blood Components Intended for Transfusion
Guidance for Industry
Use of Nucleic Acid Tests to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of West Nile Virus from Donors of Whole Blood and Blood Components Intended for Transfusion and Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps)
|This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the appropriate FDA staff. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the appropriate number listed on the title page of this guidance.
We, FDA, are issuing this guidance to provide you1 with recommendations for testing of donations of Whole Blood and blood components and HCT/P donor specimens for West Nile Virus (WNV) using an FDA licensed donor screening assay. We believe that the use of a licensed nucleic acid test (NAT) will reduce the risk of transmission of WNV, and therefore recommend that you use a licensed NAT to screen donors of Whole Blood and blood components intended for transfusion and for testing donors of HCT/Ps for infection with WNV. We recommend that you implement NAT testing for WNV within 6 months after a final guidance is issued.
The recommendations in Section III of this guidance apply to all donations of Whole Blood (as defined in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 640.1) and blood components for transfusion2. The recommendations in Section IV of this guidance apply to HCT/Ps and supplement the recommendations in the "Guidance for Industry: Eligibility Determination for Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps)," dated August 8, 2007 (Ref. 1).
FDA's guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the FDA's current thinking on a topic and should be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited. The use of the word should in FDA's guidances means that something is suggested or recommended, but not required.
WNV first appeared in the United States in 1999 and has become endemic with high viral activity during the warm months of the year. WNV is a mosquito-borne agent that is maintained in nature primarily between birds and mosquitoes but can also infect other animals, including humans. The potential for WNV transmission by blood transfusion during the acute phase of infection, when infected individuals are viremic and asymptomatic, was first recognized in 2002 (Ref. 2). At that time, test kit manufacturers and blood organizations, with input from the Public Health Service (National Institutes of Health, FDA, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)), actively pursued development of NAT systems for WNV. Retrospective studies have subsequently confirmed human-to-human transmission of WNV by blood transfusion and by organ transplantation (Refs. 3, 4).
Nationwide clinical studies to evaluate a NAT for the detection of WNV were initiated in 2003, under FDA's Investigational New Drug Application (IND) regulations (21 CFR Part 312). Such large-scale studies were necessary to help assure blood safety and to determine the efficacy of investigational assays to prevent the transmission of WNV through blood transfusion, because at that time there was no FDA-licensed screening assay available to detect WNV infection.
Since 2005, FDA has approved biologics license applications for two NAT assays for detecting WNV ribonucleic acid (RNA) using plasma specimens from human donors of blood, organs and tissues, and from other living donors. The assays are intended for use in testing individual donor samples and for use in testing pools of human plasma comprised of equal aliquots of not more than either 6 or 16 individual donations (minipools) from volunteer donors of whole blood and blood components depending, on the manufacturer. Both assays also are intended for use in testing individual plasma specimens from organ donors when specimens are obtained while the donor's heart is still beating. One of the assays also has been licensed for testing individual blood specimens from cadaveric (non-heart-beating) donors.
As explained below in Section III, if the result of a licensed minipool NAT (MP-NAT) is reactive, and subsequent testing of the individual donation(s) (ID-NAT) comprising the tested minipool is reactive, then FDA would recommend treating the reactive unit(s) as though they are infectious.
Evaluation of additional testing performed on specimens that were reactive on screening by ID-NAT has shown that the sensitivity of repeat ID-NAT on index donation specimens (i.e., the same or an independent specimen from the index donation), using either the same screening assay or an equally sensitive alternate NAT, together with a test result for antibody to WNV, has a positive predictive value of 98% (Ref. 5).
Current data indicate that up to 10% of donors who have a reactive ID-NAT that fails to be reactive on repeat testing by ID-NAT actually are infected, based on the presence of antibodies to WNV either in the index donation (ca. 8%) or on a follow-up test (ca. 2%) (Ref. 5). Therefore, as described below, we consider it appropriate in such cases to perform repeat ID-NAT and WNV antibody testing prior to counseling the donor regarding his or her WNV status, and, in some cases, encourage additional follow-up testing.
- Whole Blood and Blood Components
In 2002, there were 23 confirmed cases of WNV transmission by blood and blood components (Ref. 3). In 2003, only six transmissions of WNV by transfusion were documented (Ref. 6) following nationwide implementation of screening for WNV by MP-NAT under an IND in July 2003. Retrospective studies using ID-NAT to test specimens collected during that season, which had been MP-NAT non-reactive, identified additional reactive donations and indicated that up to 25% of viremic units were not detected by MP-NAT, presumably due to low viral load (Ref. 7). Results of these studies show that for detecting WNV, ID-NAT has greater sensitivity than MP-NAT.
As a result, ID-NAT may identify additional reactive donations not detected by MP-NAT. However, limitations in reagent availability, and personnel and logistical issues related to blood donor screening may not allow full implementation of ID-NAT. During test development and implementation under IND, MP-NAT of plasma samples (pools of 6 or 16 samples), rather than ID-NAT, was the only feasible format for performing the test. In addition, testing using the MP-NAT format was similar to the assay platforms being used for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NAT and hepatitis C virus (HCV) NAT at that time. As reagent availability increases, technology advances, and personnel and logistical issues related to blood donor screening diminish, ID-NAT for all blood and blood components, using a licensed NAT year-round may become feasible and practical.
Although year-round ID-NAT testing of all blood and blood components may not be currently feasible, we believe that ID-NAT on a limited basis during periods of high WNV activity to maximize the benefit to the public health is more practicable. Statistical analyses were performed on the data from the retrospective studies described above to establish criteria for defining high WNV activity in a particular geographic region (Ref. 8). These criteria were used as a "trigger" for ID-NAT implementation and for reversion to MP-NAT testing when the high WNV activity in that region subsided. Since 2004, ID-NAT has been implemented in those geographic regions of high WNV activity during epidemic periods (Refs. 8, 9) when a threshold was reached, triggering a switch from MP-NAT to ID-NAT. The threshold was usually based on the number of MP-NAT-reactive screening test results obtained during a one-week interval or on a cumulative rate for ID-NAT reactive screening test results attained in a particular region (Ref. 5).
After selective implementation of ID-NAT during epidemic seasons, there were three additional transmissions of WNV by transfusion between 2004 and 2006: one in 2004 and two in 2006. The WNV transmission in 2004 resulted from a non-reactive MP-NAT donation, subsequently found to be ID-NAT reactive, from which red blood cells were transfused. Plasma from the donation retrospectively tested reactive by ID-NAT. However, ID-NAT had not yet been implemented (Ref. 10). The two WNV transmissions in 2006 resulted from a non-reactive MP-NAT donation from which red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were transfused to two immunosuppressed recipients (Ref. 11). Investigation of the 2006 cases showed that: 1) there were no established methods of communication linking WNV MP-NAT data from multiple collecting and testing facilities serving overlapping or adjacent geographic areas; and 2) if efficient communication mechanisms had been in place, the corresponding collection area would have reached the trigger for ID-NAT, and the WNV-contaminated components would likely have been detected and removed from the blood supply (Ref. 5).
- HCT/Ps
In August 2007, we published a guidance entitled, "Guidance for Industry: Eligibility Determination for Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps)" (Ref. 1). In that guidance we determined WNV to be a "relevant communicable disease agent or disease" for HCT/Ps even though WNV is not specifically listed in the regulations under 21 CFR 1271.3(r)(1). This determination was based on the fact that WNV meets the definition of a relevant communicable disease in 21 CFR 1271.3(r)(2) regarding risk of transmission (21 CFR 1271.3(r)(2)(i)), severity of effect (see 21 CFR 1271.3(r)(2)(ii)), and availability of appropriate screening measures or tests (see 21 CFR 1271.3(r)(2)(iii)). The August 2007 guidance contained specific recommendations for donor screening for WNV but not for donor testing. However, we noted that a donor screening test for WNV using NAT technology had been licensed for use in living and cadaveric HCT/P donors and that IND studies were also ongoing for the development of other NAT screening tests for WNV. We also indicated in the August 2007 guidance that we might recommend routine use of appropriate licensed donor screening test(s) to detect acute infections with WNV using a NAT once such tests were available.
NAT testing of donations of Whole Blood and blood components for WNV involves the use of defined pooling and testing systems. We recognize that licensed testing technology in semi-automated or fully automated format is not universally available, and that if you are currently performing NAT for WNV under an IND you would need time to fully implement a licensed system with all approved components, including the supporting software cleared as a device. If you are therefore using some, but not all, of the licensed or cleared components, you should continue your existing IND and report the use of the licensed assay or the related cleared components as an amendment to your existing IND. When you implement all licensed or cleared components of the test system, you may withdraw the IND in accordance with the procedures provided in 21 CFR 312.38.
- Testing, Unit Management, and Donor Management
- We recommend that you screen year-round for WNV using a licensed NAT on donor samples of Whole Blood and blood components intended for transfusion. In general, you may use either MP-NAT or ID-NAT for screening (see Figure 1 and Table 1), except that we recommend that you implement ID-NAT during high WNV activity in your region (using a previously defined geographic area). See section B below for specific recommendations on when to convert to ID-NAT if you use MP-NAT.
- If you perform screening using MP-NAT, you may release all units whose test samples comprise a non-reactive minipool, if those units are otherwise suitable for release.
We recommend that you resolve a NAT-reactive minipool using ID-NAT to identify the unit(s) that led to the reactivity of the minipool. Based on the ID-NAT results, we recommend the following:
- You may release all ID-NAT non-reactive units if they are otherwise suitable for release.
- If one or more individual donation(s) is (are) reactive, we recommend that you discard the unit(s), defer the donor(s) for a period of 120 days and retrieve and quarantine in-date products from prior collections dating back 120 days prior to the donation that is ID-NAT-reactive. Prior to notifying the donor of his or her deferral and counseling the donor, we recommend that you perform additional testing on the specimen from the index donation using the same ID-NAT or using an alternate NAT with sensitivity equal to or greater than that of the screening assay. We also encourage you to test the specimen using a cleared test for antibodies to WNV (see Figure 1 and Table 2).
- If the repeat ID-NAT is reactive, we recommend that you notify the donor of his or her deferral and that you counsel the donor that he or she tests positive for WNV infection.
If the repeat ID-NAT is non-reactive but the test for antibodies to WNV is reactive, we recommend that you notify the donor of his or her deferral and that you counsel the donor that he or she tested positive for WNV infection.
Note: Members of the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) serogroup (Saint Louis Encephalitis virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Murray Valley Encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus) may present antibodies that are cross-reactive on the test for antibodies to WNV (Refs. 12, 13). Therefore, reactivity in a WNV antibody test may not be conclusive for WNV infection.
If the repeat ID-NAT is non-reactive and the test for antibodies to WNV is also non-reactive, the test results are inconclusive. We recommend that you notify the donor of his or her deferral and inform the donor about a possible infection with WNV. We encourage you to offer the donor additional counseling and follow-up testing using both ID-NAT and a cleared test for WNV antibodies on a new specimen obtained at least 30 days after the initially reactive index donation.
Note: In the event that the NAT screening assay does not discriminate between WNV and other Flaviviruses that belong to the JE serogroup (namely, Saint Louis Encephalitis virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Murray Valley Encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus), we encourage you to use a WNV-specific discriminatory NAT assay to assist donor counseling.
- If you perform screening using ID-NAT, we recommend that you follow the steps in 2.a. and 2.b. for testing, unit management, and donor management.
- Converting from MP-NAT to ID-NAT
We recommend that you convert from MP-NAT to ID-NAT if there is one (1) WNV NAT-reactive individual donation(s) from your region.
NOTE: To define the geographic area in which to implement ID-NAT you may consider using the donor's residential zip code or county, or other well specified region of comparable size that includes the donor's residence. Although exposure to WNV may occur at any location, it is reasonable to assume that exposure most likely occurred while the donor was near his or her residence because mosquito activity is highest at dawn and dusk, times when many donors are at home. Mechanisms for initiating ID-NAT that utilize defined geographic areas based on residential zip codes, county, or other comparable well specified regions provide a standardized method for collecting data on number of NAT-reactive donations and number of donations tested.
In addition to the use of this criterion, consideration of other epidemiological data may be useful to "trigger" the conversion from MP-NAT to ID-NAT, if such data are available. Examples include the number of clinical cases or the number of positive birds or mosquito pools reported in a particular geographic area, as well as prior ID-NAT implementation history.
You should apply uniform criteria for converting from WNV MP-NAT to ID-NAT when the threshold has been met or exceeded in a defined geographic area. Collecting facilities that share geographic collection areas should consider a communication plan so that data from overlapping and adjacent collection areas may be shared and used to determine whether the trigger for implementing ID-NAT has been met.
- We recommend that you convert from MP-NAT to ID-NAT within 24 hours of obtaining the test result(s) that caused the threshold for implementing ID-NAT to be met or exceeded.
- If you obtain WNV NAT-reactive test result(s) for individual donation(s) more than 24 hours after collection of the individual donation(s), we recommend that you consider retrospective ID-NAT testing of retained samples from donations collected between the date of collection of those donations whose test results caused the threshold for implementing ID-NAT to be met or exceeded and the date of actual ID-NAT implementation.
- If you wish to revert to MP-NAT testing, we recommend that you do so when the high WNV activity in the defined geographic area has subsided (for example, when a minimum of 7 days has passed without a single WNV ID-NAT-reactive donation).
- Reporting Test Implementation
- If you are a licensed blood establishment and are already FDA approved to perform infectious disease testing of blood products, you may use at your facility a licensed WNV NAT according to the manufacturer's product insert at your facility, and you must notify us in your annual report of the testing change in accordance with 21 CFR 601.12(d). Also, if you have already filed a supplement to your Biologics License Application to use a contract laboratory to perform infectious disease testing of blood products, and the contract laboratory will now perform a NAT for WNV, you must report this change in your annual report (21 CFR 601.12(d)).
- If you are a licensed blood establishment and you use a new contract laboratory to perform a NAT for WNV and the laboratory already performs infectious disease testing for blood products, then you must report this change to FDA, and may do so through submission of a "Supplement - Changes Being Effected" in accordance with 21 CFR 601.12(c)(1) and (5), also known as changes being effected immediately (CBE). If your contract laboratory previously has not performed infectious disease testing for blood products, then you must submit this change in a prior approval supplement (PAS) in accordance with 21 CFR 601.12(b).
- Labeling of Whole Blood and Blood Components Intended for Transfusion
Title 21 CFR 606.122(h) requires that an instruction circular, also known as the "Circular of Information," for blood products intended for transfusion include the names and results of all tests performed when necessary for safe and effective use. To comply with 21 CFR 606.122(h), upon implementation of a licensed NAT for WNV, both licensed and unlicensed blood establishments must revise such instruction circular to include the non-reactive results of a NAT for WNV. If you are a licensed blood establishment, you may submit this labeling as a CBE (21 CFR 601.12(c)(1) and (5)), provided the revision is identical to the following statement:
"A Licensed Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) for West Nile Virus (WNV) RNA has been performed and found to be non-reactive."
If you are a licensed blood establishment and you wish to use a different statement, then you must submit the labeling change as a PAS (21 CFR 601.12(b)). If you are an unlicensed blood establishment, you must revise the instruction circular under 21 CFR 606.122(h), but you are not required to submit the revision as a supplement.
Figure 1. Recommendations on Testing, Unit Management, and Donor Management for Whole Blood and Blood Components
Table 1. Recommendations on Testing, Unit Management, and Donor Management for Blood and Blood Components
|Reactive unit(s)
|Discard the unit(s).
|Defer the donor(s) for 120 days.
|Retrieve in-date products from prior collections dating back 120 days.
|Perform additional testing using an ID-NAT and a cleared test for antibodies to WNV (see Table 2).
|Non-Reactive unit(s)
|If suitable, release units for transfusion.
|Not needed
|If suitable, release units for transfusion.
Table 2. Recommendations on Additional Testing of Blood and Blood Components
|Repeat ID-NAT*
|Test for Antibodies to WNV
|Donor Status
WNV Positive
WNV Positive
WNV Positive**
* Using either the ID-NAT screening assay or an alternate NAT of equal or greater sensitivity. In the event that the screening assay does not discriminate between WNV and other Flaviviruses that belongs to the JE serogroup, we encourage you to use a WNV-specific discriminatory assay to assist with donor counseling.
** Please note that there is high degree of cross-reactivity among different Flaviviruses.
*** Due to the potential for false negative test results, encourage that donor return after at least 30 days for follow-up testing on a new specimen using ID-NAT and a cleared test for antibodies to WNV. Counsel the donor about their WNV status.
- We recommend that blood specimens from all HCT/P donors be tested year-round for WNV by ID-NAT using a licensed screening NAT test.
- Any HCT/P donor whose specimen tests non-reactive by ID-NAT may be considered to be negative for WNV for purposes of determining donor eligibility.
- We recommend that any HCT/P donor whose specimen tests reactive by ID-NAT be ineligible for donation.
We recommend that you implement this guidance within 6 months after a final guidance is issued.
- Food and Drug Administration, Guidance for Industry: Eligibility Determination for Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps) (August 2007). http://www.fda.gov/cber/tissue/docs.htm.
- Biggerstaff BJ, Petersen LR, Estimated Risk of West Nile Virus Transmission Through Blood Transfusion During an Epidemic in Queens, New York City. Transfusion. 42:1019-26 (2002).
- Pealer LN, et al., Transmission of West Nile Virus Through Blood Transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med. 349:1236-45 (2003).
- Iwamoto M, et al., Transmission of West Nile Virus From an Organ Donor to Four Transplant Recipients. N Engl J Med. 348, 2196-2203 (2003).
- Blood Products Advisory Committee, 89th Meeting, April 27, 2007. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cber07.htm#BloodProducts.
- Macedo de Oliveira A, et al., West Nile Virus Blood Transfusion-Related Infection Despite Nucleic Acid Testing. Transfusion. 44:1695-99 (2004).
- Stramer SL, et al., West Nile Virus Among Blood Donors in the United States, 2003 and 2004. N Engl J Med. 353:451-59 (2005).
- Custer B, et al., Triggers for Switching from Minipool Testing by Nucleic Acid Technology to Individual-Donation Nucleic Acid Testing for West Nile Virus: Analysis of 2003 Data to Inform 2004 Decision Making. Transfusion. 44:1547-54 (2004).
- Busch MP, et al., Screening the Blood Supply for West Nile Virus RNA by Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing. N Engl J Med. 353:460-67 (2005).
- MMWR 2004 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Transfusion-Associated Transmission of West Nile Virus --- Arizona, 2004. MMWR. 53(36):842-44 (2004).
- MMWR 2007 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West Nile Virus Transmission - South Dakota, 2006. MMWR. 56(04):76-79 (2007).
- Holmes DA, et al., Comparative Analysis of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Virus-Like Particles or Virus-Infected Mouse Brain Antigens to Detect IgM Antibody in Sera from Patients with Evident Flaviviral Infections. J Clin Microbiol. 43(7):3227-36 (2005).
- Wong SJ, et al., Immunoassay Targeting Nonstructural Protein 5 to Differentiate West Nile Virus Infection from Dengue and St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Infections and from Flavivirus Vaccination. J Clin Microbiol. 41(9):4217-23 (2003).
1 This guidance is intended for establishments that collect Whole Blood and blood components intended for transfusion and establishments that make donor eligibility determinations for donors of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps).
2 This guidance does not apply to Source Plasma or plasma derivatives.
3 Recommendations regarding donor screening for WNV can be found in "Guidance for Industry: Eligibility Determination for Donors of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (HCT/Ps)", Sections IV. E, F and G (Ref. 1).


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Fredric March(Frederick Mclntyre Bickel)
Born: 8/31/1897
Birthplace: Racine, Wisconsin
Academy and Tony Award-winning actor who played a range of characters but shone in emotional roles. His films include Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1932) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946). His Broadway plays include Long Day's Journey Into Night (1956).Died: 4/14/1975
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282 S Frontage Rd, New London, CT | Directions 0632041.367354 -72.112713
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2807 Ocean Park Blvd, Santa Monica, CA | Directions 9040534.018957 -118.455715
Monday 11:30 AM - 2:30 PM
Tuesday 11:30 AM - 2:30 PM
Wednesday 11:30 AM - 2:30 PM
Thursday 11:30 AM - 2:30 PM
Friday 11:30 AM - 2:30 PM
Saturday 5:00 PM - 10:30 PM
Sunday 5:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Neighborhoods: West LA, Sunpark
Absolutely the best! – Vito's is simply my favorite restaurant in LA! I stumbled upon this Italian restaurant about 2 years ago when I moved to LA, and I haven't found a better Italian place yet. Two things make Vito's the best: 1) The food is incredible. I highly suggest giving some menu items a try that you normally wouldn't. Vito's is one of those places where you can fall in love with a dish (baked Rigatoni!), and never want to order anything else. Make sure you do though! You won't be disappointed. 2) Atmosphere. I can't stand loud restaurants that bring the noise of the kitchen into the dining area. Vito's is not like that- its quiet enough for a romantic night, and laid back enough for a dinner with friends. Can't say much more, it's one of my favorite restaurants!
Not A Party – I hosted a party for a small group of friends and I have to say the food was mediocre and the service was
on the poor side. I ordered the fish, sand dabs and it was so over salty I could barely eat it. Also the pasta was over done. Another negative... the bathroom was not clean. yuck
Lunch is outstanding! – I used to work across the street and often visited Vito's for lunch. They also have a fun Happy Hour which I frequented with friends. This is an old school Italian place. The owner is Italian, and takes pride on the food an service provided. On a couple of unusual evenings, most of the guests looked like they were out of an episode of the Sopranos. I won't say any more about that except that if the food was good enough for them, well then its good enough for me. I've never been disappointed with their food, and recommend their salads. There valet is a little pricey and limited; however, I've always found parking across the street without any problem. The bar staff is very accommodating and friendly. The waiters are professional and offer timely service, but are a little aloof. But if you don't want to deal with any of it, then just place an oder for pick up. They also offer a discount card that can be used on the entire bill!
BEST Italian food in town! – Very traditional and old fashioned Italian restaurant. I loved the romantic ambiance. The food is absolutely delicious and they have a really extensive wine list. I go there at least twice a month! I?d highly recommend it, but make sure to make reservations!
amazing - amazing - amazing – great food, great value (get the 30% off card), great everything. Friendly staff, wide selection, easy valet parking, good wine selection. Old school ambience. Great-great-great
Traditional and hearty Italian fare that warms the heart. – In Short
Old-school Italian restaurants are all about making patrons feel at home and Vito is no exception. Three dining areas are appointed in soothing muted mauves and tans, with fresh flowers and rustic landscape paintings adding small flashes of color. Spaghetti de la casa combines chopped shrimp and shallots flambéed in cognac with pasta and a creamy tomato sauce. Desserts include a light cheesecake and a subtle, cakey lemon tart.
My favorite Italian in L.A! – Never had a bad meal here. I celebrate every special occasion here in a comfortable booth and/or had many a plate of pasta and vino at the bar watching Laker games with the bartender ! The staff is the best-totally old school and being a VIP yields amazing deals. Try the chicken a limone, the daily fish specials and the veal piccatta. Start with the capriciossa salad or the made-at-your table caesar. ALL of their desserts are heavenly and they have amazing deals on the Italian and California bottles and 1/2 bottles on the front page of the wine menu/book. LOVE Vito and the waiters.
Funny staff and good to great food! – Vito's is what you get when you cross a stereotypical snobby high-end restaurant with Americanized Italian. It's much more fun than that. Our waiter was a riot, yelling at the other waiters and clapping his hands together like you see in 1940s movies. The food has been a tad inconsistent from the several times I've been here. The Spagetti Della Casa is too rich; overpowering and so thick that it tastes almost bland. It's good for dipping bread into it though. The penne arribiata was decent but when I asked for chicken to be added onto it, I didn't get very much. Maybe next time I'll ask for more and pay the difference. Either way, you're definitely paying more for the atmosphere than the food. The valet is expensive and there's little in the way of street parking. Sometimes the host can be a bit rude, forcing you to sit at the bar even if you have reservations.
Excellent heart Italian – I've been here probably 5 times, each time with a largish group, and never been disappointed with anything. The pastas are very flavorful and inventive. My favorite is the mixed seafood house specialty. They have this amazing appetizer, I think it's called posillipo, that's calimari served in a very unique way: not friend, and in an amazing tomato sauce. It's almost like a room temperature soup. I'm getting hungry just thinking about it. They also serve really tasty bread while you wait, you end up eating so much you think you won't have room for your entrees but the food is so delicious you make room. The atmosphere is kitchy fun: feels like you stepped into an 1970s movie. The waiters are all characters, most of them with Italian accents, very curt and business like with a sense of humor underneath, and you can tell they know a lot about the food they're serving. There's a small parking lot in the back.
Best Lasagna in LA plus friendly service – Everything Ive had at Vito's has been extraordinary. My favorite is the lasagna as the sauce is the perfect color and texture, not to mention taste. Another plus is Vito's believes in quality not quantity. Unlike most Italian food restaurants they don't give you a massive sized dish, but enough for one person to be satisfied. The focus seems to be on the quality of the ingredients instead of how much food they can stuff on one plate.
The service is always great and Vito will typically greet you himself and make sure your dinning experience is everything you want it to be.
Bar is great and has many regulars to create a neighborhood like experience.
Full marks to Vito and his staff.
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Grolsch stimulates responsible alcohol consumption with the website www.talkingalcohol.com (Translation)
2 September 2010
All Grolsch packaging will be marked with a logo with a 16+ sign and a link to the website
Grolsch feels that adults should be able to make well-informed choices when it comes to alcohol consumption. That's why Grolsch is introducing the Dutch version of the website www.talkingalcohol.com. This website contains extensive information about alcohol. For example, the site contains an interactive tool that shows how alcohol is absorbed by the body. In addition, on the site one can also follow the latest news about the effects of alcohol consumption on, among other things, diabetes and pregnancy. Grolsch has printed information about the website on its packaging to invite its consumers to visit it. In October, all packaging will contain a logo with the web address www.talkingalcohol.com, combined with a 16+ age indicator.
From hangover to calorie count
The website www.talkingalcohol.com offers consumers extensive information about alcohol. From the way in which beer is made, to the results of a hangover, to the effects of alcohol on different organs in the human body. What is unique about the site is that it also informs consumers about the alcohol percentage, the ingredients and the calorie count of the different Grolsch beers.
Making well-considered choices
Rob Snel, Managing Director: "The website is one of Grolsch's initiatives to stimulate the responsible consumption of alcohol. Our parent company, SABMiller, has developed the site. With the Dutch version, the website is now also easily accessible for the Dutch consumer. Through the logo on our packaging we invite people to visit the website. The website will help people to make well-considered choices about the consumption of alcohol."
This SABMiller subsidiary news release has been translated from its local market language to English language for publication on www.sabmiller.com. We have attempted to provide an accurate translation of the original material but due to the difficulties of translation slight differences may exist.
Note, the news release was first published in its local market on 1/9/2010.


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Grand Junction airport use increases during 1st quarter
Coming off its second-busiest year ever, Grand Junction Regional Airport started 2011 with a boost in traffic. A total of 48,560 passengers flew out of the airport in the first quarter of the…
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(FOX 11) We as Americans spend an estimated five-billion dollars a year on herbal supplements...We should say unproven herbal supplements.
According to a new study that looked at 44 popular herbal supplements...such as St. John's Wort and Echinacea....scientists found many of them may be made of cheap fillers, such as soy, rice, and wheat, or contain weeds or potentially harmful contaminants.
In fact one-third of them didn't even have any of the plant extracts listed on the product label.
And get this...50-percent were contaminated with plants not listed on the bottle including some that are toxic or allergy producing, not to mention other potentially hazardous substances.
Only two out of the twelve companies were completely genuine and free of plant substitution, fillers, or contaminants.
KMSP-TV11358 Viking DriveEden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: (952) 944-9999Fax: (952) 942-0455


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This page displays only a select list of music events.
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Guest Master Class: Edmund Cord, Indiana University
|Tuesday, October 1, 2013
|8:30 pm
|Jenson-Noble Hall of Music, Noble Recital Hall
This event is a guest artist master class by Edmund Cord. Mr Cord is one of the trumpet professors at Indiana University and a world renowned orchestral trumpet expert. He will be using Luther College Orchestra trumpet sections as tools for a discussion of orchestral techniques and sound concepts. He will also be discussing orchestral audition philosophy and practice techniques.
Sponsor: Music
Contact: John Cord, 563-387-1201