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University of Buckingham
|University of Buckingham
|Alis Volans Propriis (Latin)
|Motto in English
|"Flying On Our Own Wings"
|1983 – gained University Status by Royal Charter
1976 – University College 1
|Terence Kealey2
|Admin. staff
|97 academic, 103 support3
|Buckingham, England
51°59′45″N 0°59′31″W / 51.99583°N 0.99194°WCoordinates: 51°59′45″N 0°59′31″W / 51.99583°N 0.99194°W
The University of Buckingham (UB) is a private university located in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England, on the banks of the River Great Ouse. It was originally founded as the University College at Buckingham in 1973 and received its Royal Charter from the Queen in 1983.
The university's funding regime is not like that of other UK universities, but rather is on the model of many US universities, as it does not receive state funding via HEFCE. It has formal charity status as a non-profit making institution dedicated to the ends of research and education.456
Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five 'schools' (or faculties) of study.
Santander Universities UK signed an agreement7 with the university in December 2013 to provide scholarships, travel bursaries and internships.8
- 1 History
- 2 Campus
- 3 Organisation and governance
- 4 Academic profile
- 5 Reputation and rankings
- 6 University of Buckingham Press
- 7 Notable people
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Some of the founding academics migrated from the University of Oxford,9 disillusioned or wary of aspects of the late-1960s ethos. On 27 May 1967, The Times published a letter from J. W. Paulley, a physician, who wrote:
"Is it now time to examine the possibility of creating at least one university in this country on the pattern of [the] great private foundations in the USA."10
Three London conferences followed which explored this idea.11
Subsequently, the university was incorporated as the University College of Buckingham in 1976 and received its Royal Charter from the Queen in 1983.
Its development was influenced by the libertarian Institute of Economic Affairs, in particular, Harry Ferns and Ralph Harris, heads of the Institute. In keeping with its adherence to a libertarian philosophy, the university's foundation-stone was laid by Margaret Thatcher, who was also to be the university's Chancellor (nominal and ceremonial head) between 1993 and 1998.
The university's first three Vice-Chancellors were Lord Beloff (1913–1999), former Gladstone Professor of Politics at the University of Oxford; Sir Alan Peacock, the economist, founder of the Economics department at the University of York, and Fellow of the British Academy; and Sir Richard Luce, now Lord Luce, the former Minister for the Arts.
Near the centre of the town of Buckingham is the river-side campus, which is partly contained within a south-turning bend of the River Great Ouse. Here, on or just off Hunter Street, are some of the university's central buildings: the Reception and central administration; the Anthony de Rothchild building (which contains Business and Economics); the Humanities Library; and also some of the student accommodation, looking northwards across the river. Prebend House, a recently restored Georgian house, contains parts of the department of Politics and also Economics. On the other side of Hunter Street, on the so-called 'island', is the Tanlaw Mill, one of the university's social centres—with the main refectory, the Fitness Centre, and the Students' Union Office.
Overlooking this site, on the hill above, is the extensive Chandos Building. This complex contains the main teaching areas for English Literature, English Language, Modern Foreign Languages, and the Foundation programmes. It also houses the Ian-Fairburn Lecture Theatre. Adjacent to the Chandos Building, is the Department of Education. This has both a research arm, and also a teacher training (PGCE) faculty.
Further on, up the hill, on the London Road, is another element of the campus, in particular the School of Law, which is housed in the Franciscan Building, surrounded by other student accommodation blocks. This is opposite the swimming pool and leisure centre. The university has been expanding in recent years. It has acquired a new site on the west side of the river, which will increase the capacity of the river-side campus as a whole. Teaching on some master's degrees takes place in London, in Grosvenor Place, at the home of one its partner institutions: the European School of Economics, and some Life Science programmes are also run in Central London, in conjunction with Medipathways.
Organisation and governance
The immediate past- Chancellor is Sir Martin Jacomb, Chairman of Canary Wharf Group PLC, and Share PLC (in Aylesbury), and the director of other companies including Oxford Playhouse Trust. He was Chairman of Prudential PLC from 1995 to 2000 and last year retired from the boards of Rio Tinto Group and Marks & Spencer. Former Chancellors of the university have been Margaret Thatcher who retired in 1999, and Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone.
Lord Tanlaw was appointed to succeed Sir Martin as Chancellor in May 2010. He stepped down in 2013.12
The current Vice-Chancellor is Terence Kealey, formerly of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at Cambridge University, who has held the post since April 2001. Kealey is known for his research challenging the idea that education and science are public goods needing public subsidies. He wrote an academic book on the subject in 1996, "The Economic Laws of Scientific Research", which he repackaged and updated for a general audience in 2008 as "Sex, Science and Profits".13
Kealey sparked a sexism row in September 2009. The Times Higher Education had commissioned, for its issue of 17 September 2009, seven articles of 500 words each on the seven deadly sins of academia. The seven sins were sartorial inelegance, procrastination, snobbery, lust, arrogance, complacency and pedantry, and the commissioning editor, Matthew Reisz, wrote that the contributors "entered into the spirit and offered amusing examples of their sins in action …". The illustrations in the magazine reflected the humour of the feature. Kealey wrote on lust, and he adopted a satirical tone, claiming that young female students were a "perk" for male academics and they should "look but not touch".14 Over the next week the Times Higher Education website filled with comments about the article, many expressing shock but some expressing support. On 23 September the London Daily Telegraph ran a story about the article15 and the backlash was swift from academics.16 Kealey was criticised by the University and College Union and the National Union of Students who said his comments displayed an "astounding lack of respect for women".17 At the same time Kealey was defended by scholars such as Mary Beard of Cambridge University who in her online blog for The Times newspaper wrote that it was instantly clear that the piece was satire.18 Kealey wrote a defence of his piece in the Daily Telegraph19 and he was also defended by the editor of the THE20 but nonetheless he wrote a piece in the Times Education Supplement three weeks later in which he said that it is a mistake for a scholar to write ambiguously, which must generally preclude the use of satire, irony, humour or parody in academic writing.21
In February 2010, Kealey proposed the establishment of a new independent university, modelled on American liberal arts colleges, that would concentrate on undergraduate teaching rather than research.2223 The plan is currently being considered by the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), whose 243 members include independent schools such as Eton College, Winchester College and St Paul's School, London. Kealey believes that complaints about impersonal teaching and oversized classes at many traditional universities mean there will be strong demand for higher education with staff-student ratios similar to that provided by independent secondary schools.
Academic profile
The university's five schools are Law, Humanities, Arts and Languages, Business, and Science and Medicine. Each of these is presided over by a Dean.
The quality of the University's provision is maintained, as at other UK universities, by an external examiner system (i.e., professors from other universities oversee and report on exams and marking), by an academic advisory council (comprising a range of subject-specialist academics from other universities), and by membership of the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA).
The Department of Education has two aspects, research and vocational: it conducts research into education and school provision, and also maintains various PGCE courses for teacher training. The Department of Education is home to some of the most prominent educationalists in Britain, including Chris Woodhead (former head of Ofsted), Anthony O'Hear (director of the Royal Institute of Philosophy), and Alan Smithers. Its postgraduate certificate in education – which deals with both the state and the independent sector – is accredited with Qualified Teacher Status which means that it also qualifies graduates to teach in the state sector.
The university was created as a liberal arts college, and the major humanities subjects such as history and politics are offered with economics as a degree in international studies. Economics, however, is available as a stand-alone degree. So too is English literature, as a single honours subject, and in combinations with English Language, or Journalism, and related areas. The Professor of Economics, and Dean of Humanities, Martin Ricketts, is the chair of the Institute of Economic Affairs Academic Advisory Council.
Some degree programmes at Buckingham, Law for example, place greater emphasis on exams as an assessment method rather than coursework, but in general its degree programmes balance assessment between exams and coursework.24
School of Medicine
The School of Medicine offers postgraduate MD programmes for qualified doctors in a range of specialisations. From January 2015 it will also offer an undergraduate medical qualification (MBChB)25 and it has started accepting its first batch of undergraduates at a cost of £35,000 per year.26 It has aquired GMC status by sponsorship, meaning that the degree is only recognised in the UK, if the university sponsored students. It has no recognition outside of the UK.27 The university accepts international and EU students. The school will be known as Buckingham Milton Keynes Medical School and will be in partnership with Milton Keynes NHS Trust.26
The School has had several associations with the alternative medicine community. The School ran a Diploma course in integrated medicine that was later withdrawn under pressure from David Colquhoun,28 a campaigner against pseudoscience and alternative medicine. The Dean of the School, Karol Sikora, was a Foundation Fellow of Prince Charles' now-defunct alternative medicine lobby group the Foundation for Integrated Health29 and is Chair of the Faculty of Integrated Medicine, which is unaffiliated with any university but also includes Rosy Daniel and Mark Atkinson, who co-ordinated Buckingham's "integrated medicine" course.28 Daniel has been criticised by David Colquhoun for breaches of the Cancer Act 1939, regarding claims she made for Carctol, a herbal dietary supplement with no utility in treating cancer.28 Andrew Miles is on the scientific council of the College of Medicine30 an alternative medicine lobby group linked to the Prince of Wales.31 Sikora is also a "professional member" of this organisation.32
Professor of Theoretical Medicine at the school is Bruce Charlton, controversial editor of the journal Medical Hypotheses, who was dismissed as editor by publisher Elsevier3334 over the publication of a paper by AIDS denialists claiming that HIV is not responsible for AIDS35 and concerns over the lack of peer-review at the journal.3637
The university offers traditional degrees over a shorter time-frame. Students at Buckingham study for eight terms over two years, rather than nine terms over three, which (with extra teaching) fits a three-year degree into two years. From September 2009, tuition fees for full-time UK and EU undergraduate students have been £8,040 per year for these two-year bachelor's degree programmes. For non-EU students, fees are equivalent to £13,500 p.a. Because Buckingham's degrees take two years to complete, the university views its courses as cost-effective compared to ordinary UK university courses, once living expenses and the income from an extra year's employment are taken into account.
External degrees
The university awards undergraduate and graduate (Masters/MBA) degrees to students who have studied at the European School of Economics and at the Sarajevo School of Science and Technology.
The Humanities Research Institute includes academics working in a range of disciplines, particularly military history, security studies, political history, the history of art, 19th-century literature and social history.38self-published source?
Alan Smithers runs the Centre for Education and Employment Research, from within the Department of Education.citation needed This has produced a series of reports on the fundamentals of secondary and primary education.importance?
From the English department, John Drew runs Dickens Journals Online, the project which has put the whole of Dickens's journalistic output on free-access on the web.
The research unit devoted to contemporary Security Studies is run by Antony Glees.importance?
Reputation and rankings
(2014, national)
|Times/Sunday Times40
(2014, national)
The Guardian University Guide for 2013 ranked Buckingham in 16th position out of 120 UK higher education institutes.41 The Complete University Guide for 2014 ranked Buckingham in 57th place out of 124 UK higher education institutes.42 The Times Good University Guide 2013 ranked Buckingham in its league tables in 41st position out of 120 UK higher education institutes. The Sunday Times University Guide for 2013 ranked Buckingham in its league tables in 61st (2012: 56th) position out of 122 UK higher education institutes.
The most recent league tables of individual university departments in The Guardian University Guide 2013, produced by The Guardian newspaper, ranked the Business department as 28th (out of 116) in the country, English as 14th (out of 106), Economics as 17th (out of 70), Psychology (20 out of 109), and Law as 30th (out of 97). It is not represented in any other field.43
Global ranking
Buckingham does not rank in the top 400 universities globally as rated by Times Higher Education,44 nor does it appear in the top 700 universities ranked globally by Quacquarelli Symonds,45 nor does it rank in the top 500 universities rated by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.46 However, it is ranked at 4,084 out of 11,998 universities in the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities.47
The university's Royal Charter, unlike those of other universities, provides for three sovereign bodies, the third one (in addition to the usual Council and Senate) being the Academic Advisory Council, which is a group of external academics that audits the academic staff.citation needed
When the national Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) was created, the university felt it should join, even though it perceives itself as markedly different from the state-funded universities that the QAA otherwise audits.citation needed The university got "broad confidence" (the highest band) in its first QAA audit in 2003,48 but "limited confidence" in its last QAA audit in 2008.49
This poor assessment lead to criticism of the QAA by prominent Buckingham academics5051 which were rebuffed by the QAA.52 A 2012 QAA Institutional Review found that the
"Academic standards at the university meet UK expectations for threshold standards. The quality of student learning opportunities at the university meets UK expectations. [and] The enhancement of student learning opportunities at the university meets UK expectations."
53 It is to note that educational oversight is distinguished from an institutional review, since the quality of degrees remains "limited in confidence", while the structure of the institution meets UK expectation.54
University of Buckingham Press
The University of Buckingham Press publishes in the areas of law, education, and business through its journal articles, books, reports and other material. In 2006 the press relaunched The Denning Law Journal55 and it is now available in print and its whole archive is online.56
It also publishes three other journals: The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics,57 The Journal of Prediction Markets,58 and The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics.59 It has a co-publishing arrangement with The Policy Exchange60 for its Foundations series.
Notable people
Alumni include Bader Ben Hirsi, playwright and director; Brandon Lewis, MP for Great Yarmouth; Mark Lancaster, MP for Milton Keynes North; Chris de Lapuente, Global President and CEO of Sephora; and Graham Roos, appointed in 2011 as the University's first Creative Artist in Residence.
International alumni include Pravind Jugnauth, MP in the National Assembly of Mauritius, former Deputy Prime Minister, and the leader of one of Mauritius's main parties, the Militant Socialist Movement; Olagunsoye Oyinlola, former Governor of Osun State, Nigeria, racing driver Marc Gené, winner of the Le Mans 24-Hour Race in 2009; and Tun Mohammed Hanif bin Omar, Deputy Chairman of Genting Berhad, and former Inspector-General of the Royal Malaysian Police.
- ^ http://www.buckingham.ac.uk/about/history
- ^ http://images.ak.instagram.com/profiles/profile_356552695_75sq_1366398413.jpg
- ^ a b c d "University of Buckingham Annual Report 2011". Retrieved 2013-02-06.
- ^ Business school to be university college, Financial Times, July 25, 2010
- ^ http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityWithPartB.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=1141691&SubsidiaryNumber=0
- ^ Tooley, James. ed. Buckingham at 25: Freeing the Universities from State Control, Institute of Economic Affairs, 2001. ISBN 0-255-36512-8.
- ^ http://www.santander.co.uk/csgs/Satellite?c=Page&canal=CABBEYCOM&cid=1210609061046&empr=Abbeyfefcom&leng=en_GB&pagename=Abbeycom%2FPage%2FWC_ACOM_TemplateB2
- ^ Santander Partnership agreement, accessed 2014_02_03
- ^ "Institutes We Represent | Buckingham University". britishdegree.com. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ The Times, 27 May 1967, p. 20.
- ^ Buckingham at 25, ed. James Tooley (2001), p. 25.
- ^ "Graduation 2013".
- ^ "Sex, Science and Profits".
- ^ Matthew Reisz (17 September 2009). "The seven deadly sins of the academy". Times Higher Education.
- ^ Graeme Paton (23 September 2009). "Vice-chancellor: female students are 'a perk'". The Daily Telegraph (London).
- ^ Letters to Times Higher Education: [1], [2], [3], [4]
- ^ Tim Edwards (September 24, 2009). "Terence Kealey sparks university sexism row". First Post.
- ^ Mary Beard (September 24, 2009). "Terence Kealey sparks university sexism row". Times online.
- ^ Terence Kealey (24 September 2009). "Sex on campus deserves to be satirised". London: Telegraph.
- ^ Ann Mroz (23 September 2009). "A response to criticism". Times Higher Education.
- ^ Terence Kealey (16 October 2009). "Publish on the Net and you may be damned". TES.
- ^ Sian Griffiths (7 February 2010). "Private schools plan to set up university". London: Sunday Times. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
- ^ Lucy Hodges (10 February 2010). "The Big Question: Should we encourage independent schools to set up a private university?". London: Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
- ^ "A student's guide to... University of Buckingham". London: Times Online. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ Medicine: Accreditation, University of Buckingham, 20 April 2010
- ^ a b [Student BMJ October 2013, accessed 6 October 2013]
- ^ http://www.buckingham.ac.uk/medicine/postgrad/gmc
- ^ a b c David Colquhoun (April 1, 2010). "University of Buckingham does the right thing. The Faculty of Integrated Medicine has been fired.". DC's Improbable Science.
- ^ "FIH Foundation Fellows". Fih.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-26.dead link
- ^ David Colquhoun (29 October 2010). "Don't be deceived. The new "College of Medicine" is a fraud and delusion".
- ^ Nigel Hawkes (2010). "Prince's foundation metamorphoses into new College of Medicine" 341. British Medical Journal. p. 6126. doi:10.1136/bmj.c6126.
- ^ Sikora's profile is on the College of Medicine website.
- ^ "Elsevier Fires Journal Editor Over Paper Saying HIV Doesn't Cause AIDS". Chronicle of Higher Education. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
- ^ Hannah Fearn (20 May 2010). "Editor sacked as journal introduces peer review". Times Higher Education.
- ^ Duesberg PH et al HIV-AIDS hypothesis out of touch with South African AIDS – A new perspective. Medical Hypotheses, (2009), doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.024
- ^ Nattrass N (November 2009). "Still Crazy After All These Years: The Challenge of AIDS Denialism for Science". AIDS Behav 14 (2): 248–251. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9641-z. PMID 19937271.
- ^ Goldacre, Ben (11 September 2009). "Peer review is flawed but the best we've got". The Guardian (UK).
- ^ Humanities Research Institute
- ^ "University League Table 2014". The Complete University Guide. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "The Times and Sunday Times University League Tables 2014". Times Newspapers. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ "University guide 2013: University league table". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "The Complete University Guide". "The Independent". Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "University guide 2013 subjects". The Guardian (London). 22 May 2012.
- ^ "THE World Universities Rankings 2012-2013". THE. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "QS World Universities Rankings 2012/13". QS. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2012". Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "Ranking Web of World Universities - 2012". Cybermetrics Lab,. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "News: Successful QAA audit for the university". Buckingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "Times Higher Education - QAA finds fault with Buckingham". www.timeshighereducation.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "News: Public Lecture: Teaching quality assessment, league tables and the decline of academic standards in British higher education". Buckingham.ac.uk. 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ ""A grotesque bidding game is undermining university standards" says Geoffrey Alderman - In higher education, there is too much emphasis on public image and 'customer satisfaction' - The Times 18 June 2008". London. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ "Times Higher Education - Buckingham: why QAA has 'serious' concerns". www.timeshighereducation.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "Institutional Review by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education". Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ http://www.qaa.ac.uk/InstitutionReports/Reports/Pages/IRENI-Buckingham-12.aspx
- ^ "Home". Denninglawjournal.com. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "IngentaConnect Publication: Denning Law Journal". Ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics, http://www.ubpl.co.uk/index_files/journals.htm
- ^ "Home". Predictionmarketjournal.com. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "Home". Jgbe.com. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ "Policy Exchange". Policy Exchange. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
External links
HPTS - Area Progetti - Edu-Soft - JavaEdu - N.Saperi - Ass.Scuola.. - TS BCTV - TS VideoRes - TSODP - TRTWE
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Below is a list of all the Exhibitions and What's On that are happening on 6th May 2012. To view events for another date use the calendar in the left hand navigation and click on the date you wish to view.
JAPAN: Kingdom of Characters
Dont miss the only opportunity to see this major exhibition in the UK, celebrating the growing interest in Japanese subcultures such as manga and anime.
Manga Dreams: Anderson & Low
Extended until Sunday 2 September
Submerged-Spaces: Bill Viola
Please note all 3 Submerged-Spaces venues will be closed for the bank holidays on Monday 4 and Tuesday 5 June.
The First Moderns: Art Nouveau, from Nature to Abstraction
The First Moderns is the first in a series of spectacular displays dedicated to the history of Modernism.
There Is Here: Photographs by Avi Gupta
There Is Here is the first UK exhibition by American artist Avi Gupta, specially commissioned for the Sainsbury Centre.
What's On
SOLD OUT - Saturday Art Club - 5 May (Children's Events)
Saturday 5 May
2pm - 4pm; Where: Education Studio; Price: £8, £6 concessions (per week), includes materials; Booking: essential (early-bird booking for Sainsbury Centre Friends only until 17 January - tickets go on general sale 18 January); Artists: Mandy Roberts and Jessica Perry

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Man seriously injured in crash on Mt. Hope Avenue
Posted at: 04/26/2013 4:48 PM | Updated at: 04/26/2013 10:18 PM
|Print Story
Rochester Police say a man was seriously injured in a crash Friday afternoon.
Police say the man may have had a medical condition, which led to the crash on Mount Hope Avenue near Westfall Road.
A total of five cars were involved.
Police say the man was in critical condition. Two women suffered minor injuries.
Have a story you want our news team to investigate? Call us at 585-232-1010, click here to send us an e-mail or leave us a Facebook post or tweet.


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For your weekend reading pleasure, the articles listed below contain some of the best dividend and value investing insights found on the web. They were written by various members of the Dividend Investing and Value Network over the past week:
Articles From DIV-Net Members
There are some really good articles here, please take time and read a few of them.
Sunday, June 17, 2012
Weekend Reading Links - June 17, 2012
For your weekend reading pleasure, the articles listed below contain some of the best dividend and value investing insights found on the web. They were written by various members of the Dividend Investing and Value Network over the past week:
Recent Posts From DIV-Net Members
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The Latest: Game Week: LSU Breakdown — 10/10/2013
In what will be their biggest test to date this season, #17 Florida goes on the road this Saturday to face off against #10 LSU. Inside the Gators has the very latest on the match-up in this Game Week Breakdown. Guerry Smith breaks down LSU with his answers to five burning questions as well...[details]
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Major Areas of Study: BIOLOGY
The role of the Biology program at Muskingum is to both integrate into the students total education the biological information significant in a larger society and provide a foundation for the many diverse career opportunities which exist in the biological sciences.
Student Opportunities
Recent internships for Biology students include:
Undergraduate research is a major component of the science program at Muskingum. Biology majors have recently participated in research at:
Qualified Muskingum University Biology students may join Beta Beta Beta (Tri-Beta, Upsilon Nu chapter), an international organization dedicated to improving the understanding and appreciation of biological study and extending boundaries of human knowledge through scientific research. Since its founding in 1922, more than 175,000 people have been accepted into lifetime membership, and more than 430 chapters have been established throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.
The Biology department typically employs 3-4 students each academic year to work in the greenhouse maintaining plants; in the stockroom, helping prep labs; in the collection room, assisting in the inventory of vertebrate and invertebrate collections; and in the ecology lab and rat room, maintaining the aquaria and taking care of the rats and mice for research purposes.
Professional Activities
Each year, members of the Biology faculty attend the annual Ohio Academy of Sciences meeting. They normally take 10-15 students along, many of whom present their research in the form of posters and/or oral presentations. Occasionally, students also accompany faculty to national meetings. Dr. Bergstrom, for instance, has taken students to national neuroscience meetings and Dr. Ingold has taken students to national ornithological meetings.
After Graduation
Career Possibilities for
Biology Majors:
Where our majors have pursued advanced degrees:
Medical Schools
Law School
Physical Therapy Programs
Veterinary Schools
Graduate Schools
Mission Statement
Courses; Major/Minor Requirements
Dept. Web Site
Science Division Web Site
List of All Majors


text:
November 2012
Monthly Career Horoscope for AquariusPresented by Horoscope.com
Your loyalty, persistence, and resourcefulness will pay off when you get an impressive promotion near November 13. If you're out of work, apply for a high-profile position that draws on your organizational skill. Presiding over a big group of people will be very lucrative. It helps that you're able to think outside the box. You have no problem dispensing with stuffy rules when it leads to happier, more productive staff. As November draws to a close, you'll have to leave the spotlight to tend to more mundane responsibilities. At first you'll miss being the center of attention. However, you'll eventually enjoy working in seclusion.
Don't know your sign? Enter your birthday:
Do you want to delete your birth date?
Are you on the right career path?
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Love TarotWill you win or lose your latest love game?More
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NEW - Angel TarotAngels watch over youMore


text:
Alternative BreakCampus Program Spotlight, June 2008
Sacramento State's Alternative Break program is a way to engage Sac State students in community based volunteer projects for mutual student and community gain. Twenty students participated in the inaugural Alternative Break - Spring 2007 to make a difference in the Sacramento community. In 2008, 78 students were involved in more than 700 hours of service. This success is the result of promotion by the students who have participated and the combined effort of Community Engagement Center, Student Activities, and the Student Health Center.
Alternative Break seeks to engage students in extracurricular, extra-institutional activities over winter and spring breaks. Composed of various one-day volunteer activities, students participate in short term projects that yield long term results. Many students volunteer for multiple days.
Community based organizations thus far have included Habitat for Humanity, Sacramento Food Bank and Family Services, Sacramento Tree Foundation, Hands on Sacramento, the American River Parkway Foundation, and the Washington Neighborhood Center.
The volunteer projects are demanding, requiring commitment, teamwork, and initiative of the students. As students spend hours and days performing laborious tasks like digging ditches, pouring foundation, lifting, and removing invasive plant life from our American River Parkway, they create lasting memories and friendships, leaving their Alternative Break experience with a great sense of accomplishment.
"I really felt accomplished when I got home. I just couldn't stop talking about it. I was exhausted but accomplished."
Alternative Break aims to increase student awareness of community needs and organizations, to increase student leadership and teamwork skills, and to introduce the community to the strengths of Sacramento State students. And thus far, Alternative Break has been successful in meeting these goals.
Based on pre and post tests administered to student participants, there was a significant increase in awareness of community need as a result of Alternative Break experiences. When asked to indicate their level of agreement with the statement "I am aware of the needs of the Sacramento community," the combined agree and strongly agree responses jumped from 39.58% in the pre tests to 75% in the post tests.
Student feedback also indicates that the students who participated as team leaders gained invaluable leadership experience. Mishae Parker, a senior in the Psychology department commented, "It was very rewarding to meet people who I generally wouldn't be associated with. I know that we tend to make assumptions about people based on how they look – their clothes etc. – and as a team leader especially, I had to be really mindful of that. But what I found is that people who generally would not associate together worked really well together and had a lot of fun."
Kellie Cook, a sophomore in the Health Science department said, "The leadership skills I gained from the week will absolutely help me the rest of my life."
And many students commented that the diversity of the group reflected Sacramento State. The group was composed of both staff and students, and the student volunteers represented a variety of class levels, departments, and campus club and sports team affiliation.
The feedback from the community members we've partnered with has been overwhelmingly positive as well.
Jeannie Barry Sanders of Habitat for Humanity wrote: "We would love to have more Sac State students. Sacramento Habitat for Humanity thinks so highly of Alternative Break and the students who sign up for projects are always willing and happy to serve. They have a good sense of humor and understand that our mission is to build houses for low income families …. I think the students are just awesome in their capacity for giving."
As Alternative Break is still in its infancy stage, Community Engagement Center is excited about the growth that has happened in its first year. We have seen many students return from previous Alternative Breaks and have had the support of the Sac State women's rowing team during both Winter and Spring 2008. We see a great capacity for further growth of this program and believe that it is making a mark on both the students who participate and the greater community.
Each year, more than two thousand Sacramento State students, faculty, staff, and alumni participate in programs and projects sponsored by Community Engagement Center. Programs such as Alternative Break, AmeriCorps Students in Service, Sac State Serves, and Service Learning fulfill our mission to facilitate learning and engagement by linking campus and community for mutual benefit. Through Spotlight, Community Engagement Center will highlight outstanding individuals and programs advancing community engagement in the Sacramento region.


text:
Fuzz Pedals
Flickinger Cosmic Ray$239.00The Flickinger Tone Boxes Cosmic Ray uses 3 Germanium transistors to create an almost unmanageable range of gain. Low cut and Q-Link switches, and Gain, Tone, Level and 3 Anti-Matter knobs give you controls for classic overdrive, fuzz, and beyond. Learn More
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Flickinger Angry Sparrow$200.00The Flickinger Angry Sparrow is a single gain stage fuzz pedal that is versatile, rich, and easy to use. From clean boost to all out fuzz, the Flickinger Angry Sparrow also provides multiple shades of overdrive and fuzz for a versatile tone machine. Learn More
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Look of Love Wedding Thank You Cards
|TEXT Color and Wording Changeable - other Wording Ideas
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Opening like a book, "Look of Love" note card features a pair of compelling blue eyes, gazing out from behind a white tulle veil. Holding two amazing white flowers in front of her face, this oh - so subtle design is simply exquisite.
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Allegra Boverman/Gloucester Daily Times. Rockport High School juniors Billy Chalmers, in the electric vehicle at left, and Josie Garfield get ready to ride around the school's track as their RHS Electrathon teammates get ready to observe. Standing from left are senior Ben Cook, freshman Thomas Beaton and junior Jeremy Wesley.
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Pamper AND protect! 104 years of Chippewa® innovation has led to this milestone in comfort... a removable shock-absorbing orthotic insole, designed to even out weight distribution and realign your foot to its natural range of function.
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While it's not yet Halloween, it's starting to feel a lot like Christmas — at least, for retailers who are already gunning hard to win over consumers and take advantage of holiday spending.
That can only mean one thing, the holiday spending forecasts are beginning to trickle out, and it appears analysts are expecting holiday sales to be solid.
Deloitte's retail and distribution practice said Wednesday they expect total holiday sales to climb to between $920 billion and $925 billion, or an increase of 3.5 percent to 4 percent over last year.
They also expect to see some big changes in consumer behavior stemming from new technology this holiday season.
Deloitte's forecast calls for a 15- to 17-percent gain in holiday sales outside the store. About 75 percent of that will occur online, while 25 percent will come from shopping via catalogs and interactive television.
But perhaps most interesting: Deloitte expects smartphones to help, not hurt, in-store purchasing. Shoppers using their smartphones inside a store are 14 percent more likely to make in-store purchases than those not using smartphones during their trip, according to Deloitte.
This suggests that the "showroom" effect — where shoppers browse merchandise in a store and then compare prices online and potentially purchase it elsewhere — may not be as big of a problem as some may fear.
Others wonder if higher consumer confidence will translate into better holiday sales. On Tuesday, the Conference Board's latest reading on consumer confidence hit its highest level in seven months, despite the uncertainty surrounding the election and broad economic sluggishness.
"It's not clear that higher consumer confidence will necessarily ring cash register bells," said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer for Harris Bank. He said that while retail sales growth and consumer confidence did move together for more than a decade, in 2009 the correlation broke with retail activity surging while confidence only marginally improved. Plus, retail spending is skewed toward the highest earners, so "maybe we were measuring apples and oranges."
Either way, retailers appear to be building inventory levels to stock shelves with holiday merchandise. Retailers import the majority of the goods they need to fill the racks for the holiday season from August through September, and the National Retail Federation's Global Port Tracker report reveals imports for those three months were up 8.9 percent over last year.
While it remains to be seen if those goods will be purchased, it has proven to correlate with retailers' expectations. Too much inventory is a danger for retailers, and many have learned the hard way in recent years not to overstock. It's been a key initiative to place conservative merchandise orders to avoid unsold merchandise lingering on store shelves. But the NRF's Global Port Tracker report seems to show retailers are confident they can sell more merchandise this holiday season.
Let the countdown begin. It's just 89 days until Santa's big day.
Key retail stocks:
Best Buy
-By Courtney Reagan, CNBC Reporter
Questions? Comments? Email us at email@example.com. Follow Courtney Reagan on Twitter
Questions? Comments? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow Courtney Reagan on Twitter @CourtReagan.


text:
By Edmond J. Keller
Work in Progress
What is human security and how can we ensure it?
These are not new questions. To a large extent they have been the questions of the moment for at least the past four decades. However, with the ending of the Cold War these questions have taken on new meaning.
Traditionally the concept of security has been couched in neo-realist terms, relating to protecting the territorial integrity and political sovereignty of nations. This continues to be a legitimate concern for scholars and policy-makers alike, but at the current state of human development it is clear that an alternative or even complimentary conception of security needs to assume critical importance.
At a very fundamental level, the security of states is dependent upon whether or not their citizens feel secure and unthreatened. There is ample evidence in the world today that political instability can easily become transnationalized, threatening national, regional and even international security. A conceptualization of security that is centered primarily on the individual or community can be understood as human security. This notion grows from the assumption that there are needs, problems, and issues that are common to all of mankind no matter what part of the world they live in. For example, poverty; the spread of communicable diseases; environmental degradation; the loss of faith in institutions; population pressures; and economic crisis. It is imperative that we view these concerns in terms of global trends and forces that affect the individual. These trends include such processes as: the depletion of non-renewable resources; drug trafficking; human trafficking; the rapid spread of communications technology; the rampant growth of capitalist markets with no controls to avoid the excesses of the capitalists; poverty, inequality and human misery; and the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Human security, then, primarily relates to the safety and well being of people everywhere. It has been found that a sense of insecurity among certain groups invariably leads to group conflict and political instability. The threats involved may relate to the physical well being of individuals and groups, but they might also---and often doinvolve a perception that values are being threatened.
How can we ensure human security? This can be achieved not through force of arms, but through policies that lead to the empowerment of people and an attack on the sources of such problems as poverty, inequality and political disenfranchisement. Today, more than at any other time in human history, we are able to marshal the resource to address the most intractable social, economic and technological problems that confront us. This would involve the implementation of poverty reduction strategies in the poorest parts of the world that lead to measurable positive results; systematic efforts to mitigate the potentially harmful effect of the rapid spread of global economic forces; and the promotion of good governance characterized by responsible, responsive and transparent political leadership, rule of law and respect for human rights. The achievement of all of these goals would contribute to the establishment of an enabling environment in which democracy could grow. Complementary to all of this would be efforts on the part of states and the world community at large to avoid future domestic conflicts that could become transnationalized, through preventive diplomacy and preventive development or peace building.
All of the challenges to human security alluded to above are magnified in Africa, with global implications:
Bad governance often resulting in popular protest and even violent resistance on the part of certain groups against the forces of repression.
Regular violations of human rights perpetrated against the most vulnerable in society (e.g. women, children, the poor, and unarmed citizens).
Drug trafficking that is linked to a deadly global network.
International terrorism, with African states and people both as victims and perpetrators.
Increasing international migration as a function of population growth, poverty, and political and economic insecurity on the continent.
Population growth, which increases the pressure on non-renewable resources and is intimately related to global poverty, environmental degradation and international migration.
Internal wars fought by irregular forces of ethnic and religious groups equipped with small arms.
These issues do not exhaust the range of issues that relate to the human security
dilemma in Africa today. However, this list gives a good indication of the scope and intensity of this dilemma on the continent. As in the past, African states are attempting to mobilize in an effort to reverse the tide of human insecurity. Various mechanisms designed to do this are either now in place or on the drawing board (e.g. the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention and Resolution; the African Union; and, the New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD)). It remains to be seen, however, whether Africa alone can solve its human security problem. Some observers insist that given the global dimensions of the human security problem, global actors must become committed to its resolution.
Published: Sunday, May 26, 2002
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Haskell/Understanding monads
Monads are very useful in Haskell, but the concept is usually difficult for newcomers to grasp. Since they have so many applications, people often explain them from a particular point of view, which can confuse your understanding of monads in their full glory.
Historically, monads were introduced into Haskell to perform input/output. After all, lazy evaluation means that the order of evaluation is rather unpredictable, whereas a predetermined execution order is crucial for things like reading and writing files. Hence, a method for specifying a sequence of operations was needed, and monads were exactly the right abstraction for that.
But monads are by no means limited to input/output; they can model any imperative language. The choice of monad determines the semantics of this language, i.e., whether it supports exceptions, state, non-determinism, continuations, coroutines and so on[1].
The present chapter introduces the basic notions with the example of the
Maybe monad, the simplest monad for handling exceptions. Beginning Haskell programmers will probably also want to understand the
IO monad and then broaden their scope to the many other monads and the effects they represent; this chapter provides the corresponding pointers.
Let us dive in with both feet. A monad is defined by three things:
- a type constructor
- a function
return[2]; and
- an operator
(>>=)which is pronounced "bind".
The function and operator are methods of the
Monad type class, have types
return :: a -> M a (>>=) :: M a -> ( a -> M b ) -> M b
and are required to obey three laws that will be explained later on.
For a concrete example, take the
Maybe monad. The type constructor is
M = Maybe so that
return and
(>>=) have types
return :: a -> Maybe a (>>=) :: Maybe a -> (a -> Maybe b) -> Maybe b
They are implemented as
return x = Just x (>>=) m g = case m of Nothing -> Nothing Just x -> g x
and our task is to explain how and why this definition is useful.
Motivation: Maybe[edit]
To see the usefulness of
(>>=) and the
Maybe monad, consider the following example: imagine a family database that provides two functions
father :: Person -> Maybe Person mother :: Person -> Maybe Person
that look up the name of someone's father or mother, returning
Nothing if they are not stored in the database. With them, we can query various grandparents. For instance, the following function looks up the maternal grandfather:
maternalGrandfather :: Person -> Maybe Person maternalGrandfather p = case mother p of Nothing -> Nothing Just m -> father m -- mother's father
Or consider a function that checks whether both grandfathers are in the database:
bothGrandfathers :: Person -> Maybe (Person, Person) bothGrandfathers p = case father p of Nothing -> Nothing Just f -> case father f of Nothing -> Nothing Just gf -> -- found first grandfather case mother p of Nothing -> Nothing Just m -> case father m of Nothing -> Nothing Just gm -> -- found second one Just (gf, gm)
What a mouthful! Every single query might fail by returning
Nothing and the whole function must fail with
Nothing if that happens.
Clearly there has to be a better way to write that than repeating the case of
Nothing again and again! Indeed, and that's what the
Maybe monad is set out to do. For instance, the function retrieving the maternal grandfather has exactly the same structure as the
(>>=) operator, and we can rewrite it as
maternalGrandfather p = mother p >>= father
With the help of lambda expressions and
return, we can rewrite the mouthful of two grandfathers as well:
bothGrandfathers p = father p >>= (\f -> father f >>= (\gf -> mother p >>= (\m -> father m >>= (\gm -> return (gf,gm) ))))
While these nested lambda expressions may look confusing to you, the thing to take away here is that
(>>=) eliminates any mention of
Nothing, shifting the focus back to the interesting part of the code.
Type class[edit]
In Haskell, the type class
Monad is used to implement monads. It is provided by the Control.Monad module and included in the Prelude. The class has the following methods:
class Monad m where return :: a -> m a (>>=) :: m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b (>>) :: m a -> m b -> m b fail :: String -> m a
Aside from return and bind, it defines two additional functions
(>>) and
The operator
(>>) called "then" is a mere convenience and commonly implemented as
m >> n = m >>= \_ -> n
It is used for sequencing two monadic actions when the second does not care about the result of the first, which is common for monads like
printSomethingTwice :: String -> IO () printSomethingTwice str = putStrLn str >> putStrLn str
The function
fail handles pattern match failures in
do notation. It's an unfortunate technical necessity and doesn't really have anything to do with monads. You are advised to not call
fail directly in your code.
Notions of Computation[edit]
While you probably agree now that
(>>=) and
return are very handy for removing boilerplate code that crops up when using
Maybe, there is still the question of why this works and what this is all about.
To answer this, we shall write the example with the two grandfathers in a very suggestive style:
bothGrandfathers p = do f <- father p -- assign p's father to f gf <- father f -- assign f's father (p's paternal grandfather) to gf m <- mother p -- assign p's mother to m gm <- father m -- assign m's father (p's maternal grandfather) to gm return (gf, gm) -- return result pair
If this looks like a code snippet of an imperative programming language to you, that's because it is. In particular, this imperative language supports exceptions :
father and
mother are functions that might fail to produce results, i.e. raise an exception, and when that happens, the whole
do-block will fail, i.e. terminate with an exception.
In other words, the expression
father p, which has type
Maybe Person, is interpreted as a statement of an imperative language that returns a
Person as result. This is true for all monads: a value of type
M a is interpreted as a statement of an imperative language that returns a value of type
a as result; and the semantics of this language are determined by the monad
Now, the bind operator
(>>=) is simply a function version of the semicolon. Just like a
let expression can be written as a function application,
let x = foo in bar corresponds to (\x -> bar) foo
an assignment and semicolon can be written as the bind operator:
x <- foo; bar corresponds to foo >>= (\x -> bar)
return function lifts a value
a to a full-fledged statement
M a of the imperative language.
Different semantics of the imperative language correspond to different monads. The following table shows the classic selection that every Haskell programmer should know. If the idea behind monads is still unclear to you, studying each of the examples in the following subchapters will not only give you a well-rounded toolbox but also help you understand the common abstraction behind them.
|Wikibook chapter
|Exception (anonymous)
|Haskell/Understanding monads/Maybe
|Exception (with error description)
|Haskell/Understanding monads/Error
|Global state
|Haskell/Understanding monads/State
|Haskell/Understanding monads/IO
[] (lists)
|Haskell/Understanding monads/List
|Haskell/Understanding monads/Reader
|Haskell/Understanding monads/Writer
Furthermore, the semantics do not only occur in isolation but can also be mixed and matched. This gives rise to monad transformers.
Some monads, like monadic parser combinators have loosened their correspondence to an imperative language.
Monad Laws[edit]
We can't just allow any junky implementation of
(>>=) and
return if we want to interpret them as the primitive building blocks of an imperative language. For that, an implementation has to obey the following three laws:
m >>= return = m -- right unit return x >>= f = f x -- left unit (m >>= f) >>= g = m >>= (\x -> f x >>= g) -- associativity
In Haskell, every instance of the
Monad type class is expected to obey them.
Return as neutral element[edit]
The behavior of
return is specified by the left and right unit laws. They state that
return doesn't perform any computation, it just collects values. For instance,
maternalGrandfather p = do m <- mother p gm <- father m return gm
is exactly the same as
maternalGrandfather p = do m <- mother p father m
by virtue of the right unit law.
Associativity of bind[edit]
The law of associativity makes sure that – just like the semicolon – the bind operator
(>>=) only cares about the order of computations, not about their nesting; e.g. we could have written
bothGrandfathers like this (compare with our earliest version without
bothGrandfathers p = (father p >>= father) >>= (\gf -> (mother p >>= father) >>= (\gm -> return (gf,gm) ))
The associativity of the then operator
(>>) is a special case:
(m >> n) >> o = m >> (n >> o)
It is easier to picture the associativity of bind by recasting the law as
(f >=> g) >=> h = f >=> (g >=> h)
(>=>) is the monad composition operator, a close analogue of the (flipped) function composition operator
(.), defined as
(>=>) :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> (b -> m c) -> a -> m c f >=> g = \x -> f x >>= g
Monads and Category Theory[edit]
Monads originally come from a branch of mathematics called Category Theory. Fortunately, it is entirely unnecessary to understand category theory in order to understand and use monads in Haskell. However, the definition of monads in Category Theory uses a slightly different presentation. Translated into Haskell, this presentation gives an alternative yet equivalent definition of a monad which can give us some additional insight [3].
So far, we have defined monads in terms of
>>= and
return. The alternative definition, instead, starts with monads as functors with two additional combinators:
fmap :: (a -> b) -> M a -> M b -- functor return :: a -> M a join :: M (M a) -> M a
(Reminder: as discussed in the chapter on the functor class, a functor
M can be thought of as container, so that
M a "contains" values of type
a, with a corresponding mapping function, i.e.
fmap, that allows functions to be applied to values inside it.)
Under this interpretation, the functions behave as follows:
fmapapplies a given function to every element in a container
returnpackages an element into a container,
jointakes a container of containers and flattens it into a single container.
With these functions, the bind combinator can be defined as follows:
m >>= g = join (fmap g m)
Likewise, we could give a definition of
fmap and
join in terms of
(>>=) and
fmap f x = x >>= (return . f) join x = x >>= id
Is my Monad a Functor?[edit]
At this point we might, with good reason, deduce that all monads are by definition functors as well. While according to category theory that is indeed the case, GHC does it differently, and the
Monad and
Functor classes are unrelated. That will likely change in future versions of Haskell, so that every
Monad instance will be guaranteed to have a matching
Functor instance and the corresponding
fmap. Meanwhile,
Control.Monad defines
liftM, a function with a strangely familiar type signature...
liftM :: (Monad m) => (a1 -> r) -> m a1 -> m r
As you might suspect,
liftM is merely
fmap implemented with
(>>=) and
return, just as we have done above. For a properly implemented monad with a matching
Functor (that is, pretty much any sensible monad)
liftM and
fmap are interchangeable.
- ↑ Indeed, thanks to the versatility of monads, in Haskell none of these constructs is a built-in part of the language; rather, they are defined by the standard libraries!
- ↑ This
returnfunction has nothing to do with the
returnkeyword found in imperative languages like C or Java; don't conflate these two.
- ↑ Deep into the Advanced Track, we will cover the theoretical side of the story in the chapter on Category Theory.


text:
1982 Chevy Camaro Berlinetta K&N Air Filter
1970-92 K&N Air Filter
There are 3 good reasons to switch to a K&N Hi-Performance replacement air filter. 1) it increases air flow, improving power and mileage; 2) it operates at a higher level of efficiency for a longer period of time than stock filters; and 3) it's a washable, reusable filter that will be good for the life of your engine. Sealing grease is highly recommended on all filters.
Fits The Following:
1970-75 350ci With 2-Barrel Carburetor
1971-72 402ci
1971-74 350ci With 4-Barrel Carburetor Except Z28
1982-87 5.0 Liter With 4-Barrel Carburetor
1988-92 5.0 Liter With TBI


text:
Man issued 2 summonses after bringing gun to RIC
A Disputanta, Va. man was cited at Richmond International Airport Oct. 8 after it was discovered that he had a .25-caliber handgun in his carry-on bag. TSA officers detected the gun as the man's carry-on baggage passed through the checkpoint metal detector.
TSA officials contacted the Capital Regional Airport Commission Police, who regularly patrol the airport. The police responded, confiscated the weapon and issued two summonses to the man related to state weapons charges. There was no impact to airport operations. The man, who was ticketed to fly to Atlanta, was able to continue on his flight.
Some weapons are permitted to be transported in checked baggage if properly packaged, but passengers should check with the airlines for proper procedures as well as checking into local laws before doing so.
Passengers can review the prohibited items list on the TSA homepage or they can download the free MyTSA application from the TSA homepage. The TSA web site and the MyTSA app have a "Can I Bring?" feature that allows users to type in items they plan to bring on a trip to get an explanation of TSA's security policies for the item, including whether the item can be taken in carry-on luggage through the security checkpoint, packed in checked baggage, both, or neither. The mobile app is available to download for free at http://www.tsa.gov/mobile.
MADD walk raises more than $26,000
The Central Virginia chapter of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) hosted its annual Walk Like MADD fundraiser April 12 at Dorey Park in Varina. More than 20 teams of walkers raised money from individual donors by participating in the walk, and in total the event generated more than $26,000 in donations for the organization. > Read more.
Varina Ruritans honor students
The Varina Ruritan Club hosted the winners of its 2014 Environmental Essay contest at its monthly meeting March 11 in Varina.
The contest, in its eighth year, was for the first time open to students in grades 3-5 at Varina Elementary School. (It previously was open to Sandston Elementary School students.)
The meeting included the winners, parents of the winners, Varina Elementary principal Mark Tyler and several teachers who were in charge of the contest at the school. > Read more.
Baseball game to benefit Glen Allen Buddy Ball
For the fifth consecutive year, St. Christopher's and Benedictine will play a varsity baseball game at Glen Allen's RF&P Park as part of a fundraising effort for the River City Buddy Ball program.
The game will take place Saturday, April 12, at 7 p.m., and the teams hope to raise $3,000 through donations, raffles and other efforts. Admission to the game is free, but fans who attend are asked to donate funds for the Glen Allen Youth Athletic Association's Buddy Ball program, which enables disabled children and teens to play baseball. > Read more.
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Weekend Top 10
Do the Bunny Hop over to Meadow Farm on Saturday for an introduction to all the farm animals there! An introduction to "Global Sounds" – featuring Japanese, Indonesian, West African, Indian, and Brazilian music and dance performances – can be found at the University of Richmond. The University of Richmond will also host the annual Spider spring game, as well as the inaugural Spiders Easter Egg Hunt. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Restaurant watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
A fun, fuzzy ride
'Muppets Most Wanted' worthy of its franchise
Do Muppets sleep? It's hard to say.
They don't really eat (or breathe, as far as anyone can tell). And only occasionally do they have visible, functioning legs.
As far as anyone knows, sleeping might be off the table. And that makes it very hard to accuse the Muppets of sleepwalking through their latest feature, Muppets Most Wanted – even if that's exactly what's going on.
Jim Henson's beloved creations were back in a big way after 2011's The Muppets, with fame and fortune and even an Oscar, a first for the group ("Rainbow Connection" was nominated, yet somehow failed to collect at the '79 ceremony). > Read more.
More News
Business in brief
Four schools earn $25,000 grants
School Board to consider purchase of iPads
3 students featured in 'Plant It!' video
Rabid skunk found in Varina
Police, USDA to host drug take back event
Wegmans coming to Short Pump
Henrico man's efforts lead to dog park
Henrico transportation projects funded
Corporate spelling bee raises $26,000
- More Henrico News
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Hi I've got a bit of a strange problem, hope someone can help me. Everytime I sync my iPhone with iTunes, a few of my albums' artwork disappears. It happens to about 10 different albums each time and the artwork disappears from every mp3 in the album.
It's extremely annoying for me as I'm borderline OCD with my artwork and for the many obscure albums in my collection I've had to hunt down the covers myself.
I'd be really grateful for some help as it's making me scared to sync!
What I've got:
QuickPwned 16GB iPhone 3G 2.1
iTunes 126.96.36.199
Windows Vista Ultimate
(iPhone was Jailbroken on my macbook pro)


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Get into the holiday spirit this Fourth of July with 11 cute and easy July 4th craft ideas. These fun July 4th craft ideas are a great way to get you in the mood to celebrate America and the freedoms we enjoy here. Creating July 4th crafts with your kids provides an opportunity to spend quality time together and teach your kids about American history and the significance of Independence Day.
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Posts Tagged 'Digital Dating Abuse'
The Warnings Signs of Digital Dating Abuse
February 5, 2011 Comments off
Tags: Anny Jacoby, awareness, Crime, Date Rape, Dating violence, Digital Abuse, Digital Dating Abuse, Facebook, High School, ImaginePublicity, life skills, Liz Claiborne Inc., Love Is Not Abuse, Love Is Respect.org, Lynne Russell, Men Against Violence, Middle School, MySpace, National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline, personal safety, prevention, Project Safe Girls, Siobhan Russell, Teen dating violence, Teen Life, Teens, The Realistic Female Self-Defense Company, Time's Up, Tweens, UNC, Universities, victimization, Violence and Abuse, Yeardley Love
About Anny
Anny is a Survivor of Domestic Violence with many years as a Certified Advocate. She firmly believes that EVERY female has the absolute right to protect and defend herself mentally, emotionally, spiritually and ultimately physically.
Anny received her PDR (Personal Defense Readiness) Instructor Certification in 2008.
Anny is also a Steward's of Children Authorized Facilitator and Prevention Specialist who trains adults to prevent, recognize and react responsibly to child sexual abuse through Darkness to Light's certification programs.
Twitter Updates
- Educators - find out how Break the Cycle works with middle and high schools to address dating abuse. fb.me/2qOqMnnpk 1 week ago
- New Jersey legal expert explains the state's Domestic Violence Act. fb.me/22e3xR7MZ 1 week ago
- School personnel identify 52% of all known child abuse cases, more than any other profession or organization,... fb.me/6wkGEt7QG 3 weeks ago
- SurvivorINK BTS (Break The Silence) campaign encouraging dating abuse victims to get tattoos as a symbol of their... fb.me/6q4HfI79u 1 month ago
- What does dating abuse look like? Please share with your children. fb.me/2N1dvhPG1 1 month ago
- Numerous choices...right at your fingertips. Why don't you give your safety a second thought? Victimization does... fb.me/3gThYY5J6 1 month ago
ABC ABC News abduction abuse Annie Le Anny Jacoby assault awareness Bethany Corbin Break The Cycle CBS CBS News Child Abduction Child abuse Children Child sexual abuse CNN CNN News College Life Crime Darkness To Light Date Rape Dating violence domestic violence Education Erin Andrews Facebook Females FOX News General Hospital George Huguely High School HLN HLN News Human trafficking ImaginePublicity Kathleen Savio life skills Love Is Respect.org Men Against Violence Middle School MSNBC Murder MySpace Nancy Grace National Sexual Violence Resource Center National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline North Carolina personal safety prevention Project Safe Girls rape self-defense Sex Offenders sexual assault Shaniya Davis Siobhan Russell Stalking Stewards of Children Susan Murphy Milano Teen dating violence Teen Life Teens The Realistic Female Self-Defense Company Time's Up Tweens UNC Universities University of Virginia victimization Violence Violence Against Women Violence and Abuse women Yeardley Love
All situations are different. Although the techniques and strategies taught by Anny Jacoby and other Personal Defense Readiness Instructors have been effective in many situations; no guarantees are made that what is suggested or taught through Jacoby & Associates, dba The Realistic Female Self-Defense Company and Project Safe Girls will work effectively in every or any situation. Therefore, Jacoby & Associates, LLC, The Realistic Female Self-Defense Company, Project Safe Girls, its founder and all representatives of aforementioned WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OR INJURY (INCLUDING DEATH) THAT ACCOMPANY OR RESULT FROM YOUR USE OF ANY OF ITS SITES, ANY INSTRUCTION OR SUGGESTED TECHNIQUES OR STRATEGIES.


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Anxiety (cont.)
Medical Author:
Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD
Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD
Dr. Roxanne Dryden-Edwards is an adult, child, and adolescent psychiatrist. She is a former Chair of the Committee on Developmental Disabilities for the American Psychiatric Association, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and Medical Director of the National Center for Children and Families in Bethesda, Maryland.
Medical Editor:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.
In this Article
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Comment on this Read 37 Comments
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mood disorder that is characterized by multiple and/or nonspecific worries. The fear associated with GAD interferes with the person's ability to sleep, think, or function in some other way. Symptoms of anxiety are even described in the word itself. Specifically, the word anxiety comes from the Latin word anxietas, which means to choke or upset. The symptoms therefore include emotional or behavioral symptoms as well as ways of thinking that are responses to feeling as if one is in danger.
What are the different types of anxiety?
Anxiety can range from the constructive kind that elevates performance as with performance anxiety, to disorders of anxiety, in that the individual suffers from a level of fear, angst, or dread that interferes with his or her ability to function. The most common anxiety disorders are specific phobias. Other anxiety disorders include social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
How common is generalized anxiety disorder?
GAD is quite common. In fact, it is the most common anxiety disorder seen by most primary care doctors. About 5% of people will develop GAD over the course of their lifetime. That translates to millions of GAD sufferers. This illness usually begins when individuals are in their early 20s. Panic and generalized anxiety occur in about 0.7% of children in any one-year period, up to 20% over the course of childhood.
What are causes and risk factors for anxiety?
While there is no single cause of GAD, women tend to develop this condition and most other anxiety disorders more often than men, and individuals with a family history of anxiety and depression are more at risk for having GAD. Younger adults are more likely to have GAD or social anxiety disorder compared to older adults. Other risk factors for developing social anxiety disorder include being of Native-American ethnicity and having a low income. Being of Asian, Hispanic, or black ethnicity, as well as residing in a more populated region, seems to reduce the risk of social anxiety disorder.
Inhibited temperament, parental anxiety, and having family and friends who somehow support avoidant coping mechanisms are risk factors for developing an anxiety disorder. Adolescents who smoke have been found to be at risk for developing anxiety. In children, girls, particularly those who begin puberty early, seem to be more likely to develop anxiety than their age peers of both genders.
Life stresses, involving health problems and family disagreements, have been found to be associated with developing an anxiety disorder. Certain other life stresses put people at risk for developing anxiety as well. For example, in a study of African-American, Afro-Caribbean, and non-Hispanic white individuals, non race-based discrimination was found to be a risk factor for developing anxiety in each of those groups while race-based discrimination was found to increase the likelihood of only the African-American people in developing anxiety.
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Viewers share their comments
Anxiety - Effective Treatments Question: What kinds of treatments have been effective for your anxiety?
Anxiety - Attack Experience Question: Has your anxiety disrupted your quality of life?
Anxiety - Symptoms Question: What symptoms do you experience with your anxiety?


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The Waters Edge restaurant and accommodation is set in an exclusive location, 10 ensuite deluxe rooms.Food is our forte......and the scenery.....just have a look! Extensive food and wine menu available.
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No more call rate hikes?Read on
Given the principled stand of his party in 2004, why did Modi induct Maya Kodnani as a minister three years later?
India's politics is too cruel and it doesn't give any chance to amateurs. AAP was a total amateur.
olly LLB, Shahid and Ship of Theseus won big at the 61st National Film Awards 2013. While Jolly LLB won the award for Best Hindi Film, Ship of Theseus swept the Best Feature Film Award.
The Supreme Court ruling on transgenders as a third gender is revolutionary for India. But not just because of what it might mean or not mean for Section 377.
Irrespective of age, sex or social background, voters from the tony neighbourhood of the New Delhi Municipal Corporation to Moti Nagar and from Karol Bagh to Greater Kailash – came out of their respective polling booths saying the same thing: "We need development".
As the Gurgaon constituency went to polls today, it was a vote for change as well as the 'vote to avenge' for many among the electorate.
If one thought the elections for the 16th Lok Sabha was about development, economic growth and political stability, polling in 10 parliamentary constituencies of Uttar Pradesh tell a different story. After extensively travelling through western Uttar Pradesh, this Firstpost correspondent found that voting patterns today and the build up over the last few days indicate that […]
With AAP attracting a significant section of Muslim voters and two-time MP Kapil Sibal facing a strong anti-incumbency wave, voters supporting the Congress from across communities are few and far between in the Walled city.
Less than 24 hours away from the Lok Sabha polls in Delhi, the Aam Aadmi Party seems set on ending its campaign on a high note. The assembly polls in the city-state last year has come to great help for the party, says its workers
In Ghaziabad, candidates were hoping to feed off the anti-incumbent votes since Rajnath Singh had neglected his constituency. But VK Singh is hoping the Modi factor will minimize the Rajnath Singh fallout.
Election Commission sought details of Khan's remarks and its officials said "strict action" will be taken if he was found guilty of violating the Model Code of Conduct.
The signals detected 1,645 kilometers (1,020 miles) northwest of Perth are the strongest indication yet that the plane crashed and is now lying at the bottom of the ocean
Why would Sonia Gandhi claim something that was different from what was told to the media by Dwivedi? The media reports clearly said that she was in US, even though she might not have received the summons.
Eggs, ink, slaps and punches — aam aadmi Arvind Kejriwal has taken it all in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. For the third time today, he was attacked during a roadshow in Delhi's Sultanpuri.
Pragya Tiwari on her encounter with the RSS in Nagpur and what the Sangh really stands for.
Draconian controls on the cement industry were first clamped during the Second World War, across distribution channels, purchase prices and quotas for open market sales.
The projected vote share of the BJP and its allies remains 36 percent as projected in February, up from the 17.5 percent vote share the party won in the 2009 election.
Here are five signs why Amethi is really Rahul Gandhi's step-matra bhoomi.
All in all, Jal is a beautiful-looking but largely unwatchable film, one that aspires to be a work of art but fails in some of the most basic aspects of filmmaking.
A curative petition for Section 377 is a long shot except an odd little nugget has surfaced that offers a peek into the Chief Justice's mind as the petition goes before him.
AAP is seeking to dismember the Congress base by poaching on one of its most fundamental constituents – the minorities
The latest ABP-Nielsen opinion poll in Delhi indicates that AAP votes are shifting substantially to Congress, and the BJP is also growing its vote gradually. AAP is in danger of losing its lustre in its home base
Aside from its wear-and-tear, Noah suffers from the classic 'too much of one thing, not enough of the other' problem.
It's inexplicable that aspiring Parliamentarian Nagma chose not to take her offenders to the nearest police station. A slap is no deterrent. Sexual predators are not waiting to be chastised.


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There is a very good reason why there is a "use by" date on our food and drinks – simply because food can turn bad, and that would not be too good for your tummy then. However, we humans love to be more efficient in the way we do things, which is why it is interesting to see how much more passive things can get with this new color coded tag that was developed by researchers that can be placed on food and beverage containers in order to determine as to whether the products within are spoiled, or can still be consumed.
For those who know what the smell of spoiled milk or rotten eggs are like, I am quite sure it is not an experience that you would like to go out of the way in order to relive them. With this smart tag, all that you need to do is to check the color of a small tag that is located on the container. Being roughly the same size as that of a corn kernel, these tags are able to tell whether food has gone bad, or should medication still be active.
Lead researcher Chao Zhang shared, "This tag, which has a gel-like consistency, is really inexpensive and safe, and can be widely programmed to mimic almost all ambient-temperature deterioration processes in foods."
It would be interesting to see how sensitive these tags can be, and does it work across a band of all foods, or only certain kinds of food?
Next Story: Vega Edge Wearable Light For Cyclists
- 2014-04-11: Mathematicians Develop App That Will Supposedly Eliminate Jetlag
- 2014-04-11: Study Uses StarCraft 2 To Prove The Effects Of Aging
- 2014-04-11: Disabled Sea Turtle Gets Artificial Fin To Move Around
- 2014-04-11: Have Body Heat, Will Charge Phone
- 2014-04-08: Spinal Implant Allows Paralyzed Men To Move


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Linda Greenhouse on the Supreme Court and the law.
I got a letter the other day from Joe Arpaio — Sheriff Joe Arpaio, that is, the sheriff of Maricopa County, Ariz., scourge of undocumented immigrants and of anyone who might look like one. He was, remarkably enough, asking me for money to combat an effort to recall him from the office he has held for 20 self-aggrandizing years.
How Sheriff Arpaio — or more precisely, his direct-mail contractor — got my home address and what list my name could have been on to suggest that I would be receptive to his request is a puzzle. I've been nothing if not critical of how Arizona treats its immigrant population. I cheered last June when the Supreme Court invalidated much of the state's famously mean-spirited anti-immigrant law, S.B. 1070. Sheriff Arpaio's warning in his letter about the consequences of a successful recall was hardly calculated to make me reach for my checkbook: "Open Border Liberals will be the winner as they want nothing more than to get rid of a tough Arizona Sheriff that will never back down."
Before the 80-year-old sheriff won national fame for exercising self help in enforcing his own personal immigration policy, he was known for his punitive attitude toward prison inmates in his custody. In 2004, the American Civil Liberties Union sued him over the obstacle he placed in the path of pregnant prisoners seeking to exercise their right to abortion. Even when the prisoners offered to pay for their transportation and security, as well as for the abortions, the sheriff required the women to obtain a court order directing him to provide the transportation. Read more…


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Too little, too late?
- 22 November 2012 08:07
- Posted by Nicola McCarthy
There is the usual mopping up to be done this morning as the sun goes down on City's Champions League campaign.
Mancini's men don't come in for too hard a time though; after all drawing 1-1 with one of the best teams in the world is hardly a bad result.
In a spirited second half, the Blues took the game to Los Blancos - but for The Irish Independent - it was a case of too little, too late.
"If only Manchester City had played like this earlier in the group," writes Henry Winter.
"If only they had performed with the sort of concentration and conviction that coloured their second-half exertions, when they were inspired by David Silva, they might still be in the Champions League."
This is a view backed by The Telegraph's Paul Hayward: "It may be many years before City add a Champions League title to the English championship they won last May but at least their recovery in this Group D fixture was encouraging."
"By the end they could reasonably say there was no vast quality gap between them and the ancient empire of Madrid. Too little, though, too late."
Elsewhere this morning, while we await news on the extent of Vincent Kompany's injury, there are claims that the skipper could be a doubt for this weekend's clash with Chelsea.
"Vincent Kompany could miss Manchester City's Premier League trip to Chelsea on Sunday after suffering a knee injury in his side's Champions League draw with Real Madrid," reports ESPN.
"Kompany, 26, limped off the field with ten minutes remaining, but he played out the rest of the game as City bowed out of the Champions League.
"The Belgian received further treatment after full-time and reportedly left the Etihad Stadium on crutches, raising concerns over his fitness for this weekend's match."
We will of course bring you an update on Vincent's condition as soon as we have it.


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March 31: Rangers @ Astros
8:05 p.m. EST
Baseball's back! The 2013 regular season kicks off Sunday night with this first intraleague (and intradivision) contest between the two teams from Texas. This game marks the Astros' American League debut, their first home game with a designated hitter, and the official debut of their new retro uniforms. Unfortunately, the Rangers won't start Yu Darvish until Tuesday. Instead you'll see Matt Harrison take on Bud Norris.


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In 1890 the first dairy foods short course in the United States was established at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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