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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Epilepsy
Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.01013
Application of MRI Post-processing in Presurgical Evaluation of Non-lesional Cingulate Epilepsy
- 1Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- 2Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- 3Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- 5Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
Background and Purpose: Surgical management of patients with cingulate epilepsy (CE) is highly challenging, especially when the MRI is non-lesional. We aimed to use a voxel-based MRI post-processing technique, implemented in a morphometric analysis program (MAP), to facilitate detection of subtle epileptogenic lesions in CE, thereby improving surgical evaluation of patients with CE with non-lesional MRI by visual inspection.
Methods: Included in this retrospective study were 9 patients with CE (6 with negative 3T MRI and 3 with subtly lesional 3T MRI) who underwent surgery and became seizure-free or had marked seizure improvement with at least 1-year follow-up. MRI post-processing was applied to pre-surgical T1-weighted volumetric sequence using MAP. The MAP finding was then coregistered and compared with other non-invasive imaging tests (FDG-PET, SPECT and MEG), intracranial EEG ictal onset, surgery location and histopathology.
Results: Single MAP+ abnormalities were found in 6 patients, including 3 patients with negative MRI, and 3 patients with subtly lesional MRI. Out of these 6 MAP+ patients, 4 patients became seizure-free after complete resection of the MAP+ abnormalities; 2 patients didn't become seizure-free following laser ablation that only partially overlapped with the MAP+ abnormalities. All MAP+ foci were concordant with intracranial EEG ictal onset (when performed). The localization value of FDG-PET, SPECT and MEG was limited in this cohort. FCD was identified in all patients' surgical pathology except for two cases of laser ablation with no tissue available.
Conclusion: MAP provided helpful information for identifying subtle epileptogenic abnormalities in patients with non-lesional cingulate epilepsy. MRI postprocessing should be considered to add to the presurgical evaluation test battery of non-lesional cingulate epilepsy.
Surgical management of patients with cingulate epilepsy (CE) is highly challenging, especially in the setting of negative MRI. Due to its mesial and deep location from the cerebral surface as well as the absence of unique ictal manifestations, scalp video-electroencephalography (EEG) may be misleading or non-localizable (1–4). The fast propagation of seizure activities originating from cingulate cortex (CC) within the limbic network (5), complicated functional connectivity between homotopic cingulate and sensorimotor cortex (3, 6), and diffuse bilaterally secondary synchrony of epileptiform discharges from cingulate lesions (2, 7) all contribute to the difficulty in localizing CE.
A confirmed MRI lesion can contribute directly to the identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) (8). When patients have no apparent lesions on the MRI, presurgical evaluation and surgical management can be particularly difficult, as seizure origin could be strongly influenced by the availability of collective expertise and experience in semiology, neurophysiological exploration, and functional imaging interpretation (4, 8). Previous studies with voxel-based MRI post-processing using a morphometric analysis program (MAP) (9) combined with visual MRI analysis indicated high sensitivity in the identification of subtle epileptic lesions (10–14); MAP+ findings was reported to provide valuable targets for invasive evaluation and resection (15). However, there was no study on the post-processing neuroimaging characteristics of CE with a normal pre-surgical MRI.
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of voxel-based MRI post-processing to detect subtle abnormalities in CE with a negative pre-surgical MRI. In relation to the MAP findings, we examined the non-invasive electro-clinical characteristics and functional imaging findings in these patients. When possible, concordance with intracranial EEG finding was investigated.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board ethical guidelines of two hospitals: Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU). We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who had surgery at CCF from January 2008 to December 2016 and SAHZU from January 2013 to April 2017. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) intracranial-EEG (ICEEG) confirmed focal cingulate ictal onset during recorded habitual seizures, or resection of the cingulate cortex with/without adjacent cortex rendered the patient seizure-free or having marked seizure improvement with 1-year follow-up; (2) preoperative MRI and postoperative MRI/CT data were available; (3) preoperative MRI was considered as negative or suspicious of a subtle lesion during the multidisciplinary patient management conferences (PMC). Patients were excluded if they (1) had poor MRI quality; (2) had a definite lesion in the cingulate cortex on MRI; and (3) seizures recurred without a marked improvement after surgery. The vertical anterior/posterior commissure lines (VAV/VPC) were used as a landmark to divide the cingulate cortex into three parts: the anterior cingulate, located rostral to the VAC; the middle cingulate, located between VAC and VPC; and the posterior cingulate, located caudal to the VPC line (2).
Presurgical Evaluation
The surgical strategy was discussed based on pre-surgical evaluation including history, semiology, video scalp-EEG, MRI, FDG-PET, subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered with MRI (SISCOM), Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and ICEEG. Semiology based on history and video-EEG was evaluated with classifications developed by Lüders et al. (16). Results of pre-surgical evaluation tests were obtained from chart reviews of the patients' clinical files.
Data Acquisition and Analyses
MRI post-processing was based with MAP07 within MATLAB 2015a (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts) and analyzed on a voxel basis (9) with comparison to a normal database consisting of 90 normal controls (17). Patients from CCF were scanned by 3.0-T MRI scanners (Trio or Skyra, SIEMENS, Erlangen, Germany) with T1-weighted Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition with Gradient Echo images; patients from SAHZU were scanned with a 3.0-T MRI scanner (MR750, GE Healthcare) with a 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo sequence. Detailed parameters can be found elsewhere (18). The final outputs of MAP consisted of three feature maps, the junction, extension, and thickness maps. The junction map is sensitive to blurring of the gray-white matter junction; the extension map is sensitive to abnormal gyration and extension of gray matter into white matter; the thickness map is sensitive to abnormal cortical thickness (9). A blinded reviewer (Shan Wang) used a z-score threshold of 3 to identify candidate MAP+ regions in the junction file and then examined the suspect on extension (Z>6) and thickness (Z>4) files. The abnormality was reaffirmed by a neuroradiologist (SEJ), checking pre-operative MRI including T1-weighted, T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences to confirm MAP+ positive regions. In all MAP+ patients, we used SPM12 to co-register preoperative T1-weighted images, MAP files and postoperative MRI images in order to confirm whether the location of the MAP+ regions was included in the resection.
Pathology and Outcome
Surgical pathology, when available, was re-reviewed by dedicated neuropathologists from each hospital. The diagnosis and classification of FCD were performed according to the ILAE guidelines (19). Postoperative seizure outcomes were determined according to Engel's Classification (8). Engel Class 1 (seizure-free) and 2 (>90% reduction) were regarded as marked improvement of seizure frequency (2, 8).
Patient Population
Out of the 1,518 patients with a localized resection from the CCF surgical database, 21 patients had resection of the cingulate cortex; 17 of the 21 patients had strictly non-lesional MRI or had subtle cingulate abnormalities. Ten patients were further excluded because the invasive EEG onset was not merely limited to the cingulate region, or the resection included but extended beyond the cingulate cortex, or there was no marked seizure improvement after surgery. Out of the 240 patients with a localized resection from SAHZU, 7 patients had resection of the cingulate cortex; 3 patients had strictly non-lesional MRI. One patient was further excluded because the invasive EEG onset was not merely limited to the cingulate cortex. Therefore, a total of 9 patients were identified from the two Epilepsy Centers (7 from CCF), including 5 from anterior CE, 3 from middle CE and 1 from posterior CE. Six were females; the median age at surgery was 22 (range, 14.5–38) years; the median epilepsy duration was 60 (range, 13–173) months. Six patients with negative MRI underwent ICEEG monitoring, which confirmed cingulate focal ictal onset during their habitual seizures. Subtle CC abnormalities in three patients were identified during re-review at PMC and no ICEEG was recommended per PMC consensus for these 3 patients. Detailed clinical information, results of pre-surgical evaluation, pathology, and postsurgical seizure outcomes were summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Summary of clinical profile, presurgical evaluation data, surgery, histopathology, and postoperative seizure outcome for the 9 included patients.
Non-invasive Pre-surgical Evaluation
On scalp EEG, ictal onset lateralized to the ipsilateral hemisphere (fronto-centro-parietal = 1, central = 1, frontal = 2, temporal = 1, hemisphere = 1) in 6 of the 9 patients. FDG-PET was performed in all 9 patients; in only 2 patients, hypometabolism overlapped with (and also extended beyond) the CC (P1 and P9). Ictal SPECT was successfully obtained in 4 of the 9 patients (injection time: 12–16 s); the hyperperfusion areas contained the CC only in one patient (P1). MEG was performed in 5 of the 9 patients; positive findings were found in 4 patients, and only 2 of the 4 patients had MEG findings overlapping with the CC (P1 and P2, both loose clusters).
MAP Findings
The MAP findings are illustrated for all 9 patients in Figure 1. Single MAP+ abnormalities were found in 6 patients (P1-P6), including 3 of the 6 patients with negative MRI, and 3 patients with subtly lesional MRI. In P1-P3 who had negative MRI, MAP gray-white junction file pinpointed a subtle abnormality in the anterior or middle CC, which was found in retrospect to represent subtle blurring of gray-white matter junction in the original T1/FLAIR images, concordant with ICEEG (Figure 1). P4-P6 with subtly lesional MRI were all found to have abnormalities on MAP in the anterior CC; they did not have ICEEG as the subtle findings were identified during re-review at PMC. P7-P9 had negative MAP while their ICEEG showed focal ictal onset in the cingulate cortex. MAP extension or thickness files did not have additional yield; only in P4, a supra-threshold abnormality was seen on the extension file accompanying the junction file.
Figure 1. MAP findings illustrated for all 9 patients included in this study. Single MAP+ abnormalities were found in 6 patients (P1-P6), including P1-P3 who had negative 3T MRI by visual analyses, and P4-P6 who had subtly lesional 3T MRI by visual analyses. P7-P9 had negative MAP. First column: pre-surgical T1-weighted/FLAIR images; second column: co-registered MAP junction files; third column: post-surgical MRI indicating resection of the cingulate cortex. The red circle or cross hair shows the location of subtle abnormalities identified by MAP (in P7-P9, MAP was negative so the crosshair was set to the location of the ICEEG ictal onset). Fourth column shows ICEEG ictal onset and FDG-PET/SISCOM/MEG findings (if concordant). Red electrode contacts indicate ictal onset locations that are concordant with MAP+ findings. In P1, two surgeries were performed, 25 months apart. P1 had seizure recurrence at 15 months following laser ablation that partially overlapped with the MAP+ abnormality, and became seizure-free for 1 year after the second resection to clean up the resection margin, which included the entire MAP+ region.
Outcome, Surgery, and Pathology
Out of the 6 MAP+ patients, 4 patients (P3-P6) had the resection completely overlapping with the MAP+ region and became seizure-free; two patients (P1 and P2) didn't become seizure-free: P1 experienced seizure recurrence at 15 months following laser ablation that partially overlapped with the MAP+ abnormality, and became seizure-free for 1 year after the second resection to clean up the resection margin, which included the entire MAP+ region; in P2, who had marked improvement in seizure frequency and intensity (Class II), post-operative MRI indicated incomplete removal of the area corresponding to ICEEG and MAP. The 3 MAP-negative patients did become seizure-free (one Class Ia, two Class Ib) following resective surgery guided by ICEEG. Surgical pathology revealed FCD in 7 patients, including FCD type Ib (n = 2), type IIa (n = 2), and type IIb (n = 3). No specimen was sent to pathology examination in the two patients who had laser ablation.
Non-lesional cingulate epilepsy is a rare form of epilepsy (2). Our current study presents the largest series of patients with surgically confirmed non-lesional cingulate epilepsy, with utility of MRI postprocessing to help identify subtle structural abnormalities in this challenging cohort. We showed that voxel-based MRI postprocessing identified subtle epileptic abnormalities in the majority of patients, while the localization value of scalp EEG, PET, ictal SPECT, and MEG was relatively limited. This finding emphasizes the practical value of adding MRI post-processing into the presurgical evaluation workflow of MRI-negative cingulate epilepsy.
Surgical management of patients with CE is challenging, as CE exhibits significant heterogeneity in its manifestations due to different seizure propagation patterns (3). Animal and human studies have demonstrated that the anterior CC is bi-directionally connected to the prefrontal and premotor areas, and the posterior CC bi-directionally connected to the mesial temporal regions (1, 3, 20, 21). Moreover, epileptic discharges from the CC often present secondary bilateral synchronous epileptiform discharges, which increases the difficulty to precisely localize (22). Not surprisingly, scalp EEG was less helpful to localize EZ located in the CC because of its low spatial resolution and inability to detect deep focus (3). Complex epileptic networks and fast propagation of discharges from the CC could account for the relatively low yields of PET and SISCOM as reported in previous studies (1, 2, 12, 23). Wong et al. (24). demonstrated that rapid spread of epileptic activities could result in widespread hypometabolism, sometimes remote to the EZ. Diffuse regions of hyperperfusion might reflect the epileptic network which includes the epileptic focus as well as the propagation pathways away from the onset, further complicating the task of localization (25). Although MEG has theoretical advantages including high spatial and temporal resolution in identifying epileptic activities from deep structures compared to scalp EEG (26), its localization seemed to be limited for CC as shown in our study, perhaps due to the CC producing radially oriented sources difficult to be detected by MEG source localization.
In 50% (3 of 6) of the patients with CE and negative MRI in our series, abnormalities were identified using MAP; in all 3 patients with CE and subtly lesional MRI, abnormalities were identified using MAP; the overall detection rate was analogous to published series whose detection rate ranged between 43 and 50% in MRI-negative epilepsies (12, 13). FCD is the most common identifiable pathology among MRI-negative epilepsies, frequently presenting blurring of the gray-white matter junction (11). Therefore, it is expected that junction map was the most helpful feature map in the current study and previous studies (11–13). The majority (4 of 5) patients with FCD type II were successfully detected by MAP in our study, while neither case with FCD type I (P7-P8) was MAP+. Therefore, the type of the underlying pathology likely contributes to the negative MAP results. It's a considerable challenge to identify and demarcate FCD type I by current MRI techniques even in patients with confirmed histopathology (27), as FCD type I is typically not as well-characterized on the MRI with less prominent features. Our previous study looked at a group of 150 MRI-negative epilepsies which mostly consisted of FCD type I; not all patients with positive pathology of FCD type I were MAP+; additionally, 5 patients with FCD type I had seizure recurrence even though resection fully overlapped with their MAP+ regions, which suggests insufficient delineation of the full extent of the FCD type I using the current technique (13). Another point worth noting is that the T1-based MAP processing, as utilized in this study, would not be able to capture subtle FCDs with a strong T2 change but no T1 change. This could be another factor contributing to negative MAP results. In the face of a completely non-lesional MRI (visual-negative and MAP-negative), ICEEG is often mandatory to explore the epileptogenic zone.
Being seizure-free is the gold standard to identify epileptogenic characteristics of MAP+ changes (11, 12). In the current study, MAP+ findings were included in the surgical resection in 4 patients with seizure freedom, suggesting that these findings were true positive findings. The two patients who didn't become seizure-free both had laser ablation which partially overlapped with their MAP+ abnormalities; the less optimal seizure outcomes might be due to the incomplete removal of the epileptic structural abnormality. The type of surgery could also be contributive; although minimally invasive, laser ablation was reported to be less effective than conventional resective surgery in a prior study on 19 pediatric patients (28).
Patients studied here were a highly selected cohort and could not represent all patients with cingulate epilepsy. Using a combined dataset from two epilepsy centers, there might have been differences in the interpretation of presurgical evaluation tests and surgical decision. These limitations should be considered when interpreting results from our study.
Surgical management of patients with cingulate epilepsy is highly challenging, particularly when the MRI is negative. The localizing yield of non-invasive tests such as scalp EEG, PET, ictal SPECT and MEG in non-lesional cingulate epilepsy is relatively limited and ICEEG is often mandatory. MRI postprocessing could be incorporated into routine surgical evaluation to enhance detection of subtle epileptogenic abnormalities in this particularly challenging population.
Ethics Statement
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the institutional review board ethical guidelines of two hospitals (Cleveland Clinic Foundation and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University) with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board ethics committee.
Author Contributions
ShaW contributed to the conception, design the study, analysis of the data, interpretation of the results, and drafting the manuscript. BJ revising the manuscript. TA analysis of the data. MK analysis of the data. SJ revising the manuscript. BK revising the manuscript. JG-M interpretation of the results. RP analysis the data. IN and AA interpretation of the results. ShuW, MD, and ZIW interpretation of the results, drafting the manuscript, and final approval of the version to be published.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671283, 81671282).
CE, cingulate epilepsy; CC, cingulate cortex; MAP, morphometric analysis program; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia.
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Keywords: epilepsy, surgery, cingulate, MRI post-processing, non-lesional, focal cortical dysplasia
Citation: Wang S, Jin B, Aung T, Katagiri M, Jones SE, Krishnan B, Gonzalez-Martinez JA, Prayson RA, Najm IM, Alexopoulos AV, Wang S, Ding M and Wang ZI (2018) Application of MRI Post-processing in Presurgical Evaluation of Non-lesional Cingulate Epilepsy. Front. Neurol. 9:1013. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01013
Received: 31 August 2018; Accepted: 09 November 2018;
Published: 27 November 2018.
Edited by:Fernando Cendes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Reviewed by:Marino M. Bianchin, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
Xiaorong Liu, Guangzhou Medical University, China
Copyright © 2018 Wang, Jin, Aung, Katagiri, Jones, Krishnan, Gonzalez-Martinez, Prayson, Najm, Alexopoulos, Wang, Ding and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Zhong Irene Wang, firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Olympus Pen E-P2 not only has an elegant retro look, it comes with a shooting mode called Art Filter that digitally simulates retro effects such as grainy film, cross process, diorama and pinhole. The E-P2 is beautifully designed and built, and the camera has a very solid and serious feel to it. Add the small 17mm pancake lens, and the whole makes for a handsome, compact and highly capable camera package. The kit also comes with the external viewfinder VF-2, which is excellent, but frankly, we rarely need to use.
The Pen E-P2 has comprehensive photographic features, controls and is highly customizable. External buttons and dials are easy to access and well placed; some are customizable which we find very useful. With so many features and options, the menu is slightly complicated - but not hard. To get the most out of the camera, it's worth to spend a little time to go through all of the features and options the camera offers.
Shooting is very responsive, even with RAW. Pure focusing speed is adequate, although the Lumix competitor focuses faster. However, we take advantage of the E-P2 ability to customize the AEL/AFL button to pre focus - an excellent feature which enhances actual shooting performance in the field, by eliminating constant refocusing.
Some Art Filter effects like pinhole and diorama slow down the camera considerably. But because we found the pinhole effect perfect for Cairo, we decided to exercise patience by taking all pictures in pinhole mode with the square format.
Olympus Pen cameras use sensor-shift image stabilization which is not as effective as lens-shift, especially for longer focal lengths, but provides some help for non-stabilized lenses including the 17mm pancake lens. We found that Panasonic Lumix lenses with optical stabilization work well on the E-P2 which should give Pen users more lens options.
The E-P2's main competitor is the Lumix GF1, one of which we have been using for a while with the 20mm pancake lens. In our opinions, there's no winner or loser between these two. The Lumix has built-in flash, but using the camera with the 20mm lens means no image stabilization. The Pen has no flash but has the cool Art Filter mode.
For us, there's no higher praise than to say that the Olympus Pen E-P2 makes photography thoroughly enjoyable.


text: Day 36: James Brown's Celebrity Hot Tub Party. As far as I know, Eddie Murphy's classic sketch was only done once: a rarity for SNL. The impersonation was spot-on, and wasn't too long (another problem SNL sometimes has.) Also strange that there don't seem to be any other celebrities around. With the exception of Dr. Joyce Brothers, of course.


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Lucas Scalamogna, violin/viola
Violinist Lucas Scalamogna has performed extensively as a soloist, chamber musician, and orchestra member throughout the United States, Canada, South America, Europe, and Asia. He has appeared in prestigious venues such as Carnegie Hall's Isaac Stern Auditorium, the Kennedy Center, Teatro Colón, and Shanghai's Oriental Art Center. Dr. Scalamogna has also performed at numerous international music festivals, including the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival, Salzburg Festival, Great Mountains Music Festival, and Spoleto Festival USA.
A versatile musician, Dr. Scalamogna often premieres and records solo and ensemble works written by living composers and performs in early music ensembles. His orchestral experience includes engagements with the Grant Park Orchestra, the Alabama Symphony, the Charleston Symphony, the Orchestra of the Americas, and New Trinity Baroque. As a chamber musician, Dr. Scalamogna was a member of the Hodgson String Quartet and cofounder of the Cassat Horn Trio, dedicated to promoting and premiering works for this ensemble.
Among his competition awards are top prizes at the Jeunesses Musicales International Competition, the "Alfredo e Vanda Marcosig" European Competition, the GMTA Chamber Music Competition, and the Montpelier Arts Center Recital Competition. Dr. Scalamogna has performed with some of the most renowned musicians in the world, including conductors Valery Gergiev, Manfred Honeck, and Christoph Eschenbach, as well as violinists Julian Rachlin, Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Kyung-Wha Chung, Joshua Bell, and Boris Brovtsyn.
Dr. Scalamogna is currently the associate principal second violin of the Augusta Symphony Orchestra, and a member of the Winston-Salem Symphony, the Greensboro Symphony Orchestra, and the Savannah Philharmonic. In addition to his active performance schedule, Dr. Scalamogna serves as the violin and viola faculty of the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. Other regular teaching engagements include guest artist masterclasses at colleges and universities as well as faculty positions at music festivals and workshops both in the United States and abroad.
Beginning his music studies in Argentina, Dr. Scalamogna was a student of Fernando Hasaj, late concertmaster of the Camerata Bariloche, before he continued his education in Croatia at the "Ino Mirkovic" Music Academy. Dr. Scalamogna holds degrees from the University of North Texas and the University of Georgia. His major professors include Julia Bushkova and Levon Ambartsumian.


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PHP 1100 is a two credit "First Year Seminar" course for pre-health students taught by Dr. Lauren Albaum, Director of the Office of Career Services. Students have the opportunity to learn about the role of health care providers and systems as well as ways to build a competitive application for professional school.
This course is required for all students who wish to participate in the FSC Pre-Professional Program (P3).
This course will provide:
Not only do students taking this course have the opportunity to participate in beneficial pre-health discussions and activities, but each participant will also have the opportunity to build connections with fellow pre-health peers in a supportive environment.
For more information, please contact Hayley Ross at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Originally published in the Winter 2020 edition of the Virginia Defender, issue 61, printed February 17. Reproduced here in for accessibility and archival purposes. To find other stories in the Winter 2020 issue or to download the full PDF, see this post. For the full web catalog, see our Full Issues page.
Throughout the history of America, gun control laws have always been used against people of color to deny them their rights, as well as their ability to defend themselves and their communities from racist terror attacks. Both political parties have been equally guilty of this.
After the Civil War, it was Democratic politicians that passed Jim Crow era laws prohibiting gun ownership by Black Americans in Virginia as well as throughout the south.
And in 1968 it was Republican politicians in California who passed what was known as the Mulford Act which prohibited the legal open carry of firearms. It was done as a response to the Black Panther Party carrying firearms while they peacefully conducted community patrols in city neighborhoods to protect people from police harassment, brutality and murder. The act was signed into law by no other than then governor Ronald Reagan who went on to be elected president in 1980.
Now, our state Democratic politicians are simply following the agenda of presidential candidate Mike Bloomberg who donated generously to their political campaigns. The same Mike Bloomberg who funds elections and gun control organizations throughout America is the same person who had Black and Brown people targeted with the racist, unconstitutional policy of police harassment called "stop and frisk" while he was the mayor of New York City.
Virginia has one of the lowest crime rates in the country, and now these politicians want gun control laws passed while claiming that it's for public safety.
If these laws are passed, it will be people and communities of color that will be targeted first by law enforcement as we've always been. With the increase in domestic terrorism and the rapid growth of White supremacist groups, these laws will also put us in more danger by hindering our ability to protect ourselves if need be.
We are at a time in America's history where political instability due to demographic change is increasing. We don't need any more restrictions on our civil, constitutional, human rights to self-defense.
If these politicians really cared about public safety they'd fix our mental health system and improve security at our government buildings especially our schools.
Rather than more unnecessary laws what we really need is actual justice. The many unresolved issues with our justice system must be addressed and fixed first.
Al Misa
Categories: Letters to the Editor


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A metastable liquid precursor phase of calcium carbonate and its interactions with polyaspartate
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Invertebrate organisms that use calcium carbonate extensively in the formation of their hard tissues have the ability to deposit biominerals with control over crystal size, shape, orientation, phase, texture, and location. It has been proposed by our group that charged polyelectrolytes, like acidic proteins, may be employed by organisms to direct crystal growth through an intermediate liquid phase in a process called the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process. Recently, it has been proposed that calcium carbonate crystallization, even in the absence of any additives, follows a non-classical, multi-step crystallization process by first associating into a liquid precursor phase before transition into solid amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and eventually crystalline calcium carbonates. In order to determine if the PILP process involves the promotion, or stabilization, of a naturally occurring liquid precursor to ACC, we have analyzed the formation of saturated and supersaturated calcium carbonate-bicarbonate solutions using Ca 2+ ion selective electrodes, pH electrodes, isothermal titration calorimetry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, 13C T 2 relaxation measurements, and 13C PFG-STE diffusion NMR measurements. These studies provide evidence that, in the absences of additives, and at near neutral pH (emulating the conditions of biomineralization and biomimetic model systems), a condensed phase of liquid-like droplets of calcium carbonate forms at a critical concentration, where it is stabilized intrinsically by bicarbonate ions. In experiments with polymer additive, the data suggests that the polymer is kinetically stabilizing this liquid condensed phase in a distinct and pronounced fashion during the so called PILP process. Verification of this precursor phase and the stabilization that polymer additives provide during the PILP process sheds new light on the mechanism through which biological organisms can exercise such control over deposited CaCO 3 biominerals, and on the potential means to generate in vitro mineral products with features that resemble biominerals seen in nature. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.
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Rodriguez-Navarro, C.; Burgos Cara, A.; Elert, K.; Putnis, Christine; Ruiz-Agudo, E. (2016)© 2016 American Chemical Society. The formation of calcite (CaCO3), the most abundant carbonate mineral on Earth and a common biomineral, has been the focus of numerous studies. While recent research underlines the ...
Properties of lithium under hydrothermal conditions revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopic characterization of Li2O-SO3-H2O (D2O) systems at temperatures up to 420 °CWang, X.; Wang, X.; Chou, I.; Hu, W.; Wan, Y.; Li, Zhen (2017)© 2017 Elsevier B.V.Lithium (Li) is an important component of hydrothermal fluids, especially submarine hydrothermal fluids. Investigation of the species and ion complexation of Li+ at elevated temperature and pressure ...


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This 4-hour Asbestos Building Inspector Refresher Cal/OSHA course meets all EPA, AHERA, and Cal/OSHA requirements for annual recertification in California. Students in this course will review key concepts regarding asbestos safety and best practices for building inspection.
Topics to be Covered: Asbestos Basics; Health Risks of Asbestos Exposure; Building Systems; Pre-Inspection Activity; Sampling Techniques; Inspection of Friable and Non-Friable; Asbestos Containing Materials; Personal Protective Equipment; Federal and State Regulations of Asbestos Inspection.
There are no classes scheduled at this time, please contact us to request more dates or for on-site training.


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July 08th, 2019
Not a lot to say, except that the heavy rain Sun night (last night) was very poorly forecast. By myself, by others, and by the models. No indication of heavy rain was present, until Sun when one could observe what was going on. Not much to say. Weather is not always "predictable"
This week. After today's rain, a nice week ahead. Typical summer weather: sunshine, warm temps, and some thunderstorms thrown in for Thu. Those storms could pack a punch with gusty winds and heavy rain. Signal is there for heavy rain and severe storms. We'll see on Thu how it all develops.
The rest of the week looks mostly sunny and dry. Warm too. Highs will be in the 80's and approach 90 Wed, Thu and possibly over the weekend also. But keep in mind. This is the hottest time of the year. Our avg high ranges from 85-87 degrees for the most part. So a 90 degree reading is essentially ... normal.
Leave a Reply.
Pastor Terry. He received his bachelors degree in Meteorology from the State University of New York at Oneonta, in 1994. The education continued as a hobby by reading the blogs of some of the best forecasters in the business. Although forceasting the weather is an imperfect science, it is a pleasure to follow what the Creator has made.


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"The most effective way to reduce health costs is to reduce demand, and the easiest way to do that is by Self Care"
Leonard Perlmutter
Hari Om dear yoga students,
Taking time for yourself, especially right now as so many of us are off our routines, uncertain of what is to come and possibly isolated from friends and family, is so very important. Do your best to take any amount of time you can spare and do something nurturing for yourself. Whatever is most appropriate for you today; read something spiritual, funny or uplifting, bundle up and take a walk, do some yoga, make a healthy meal, take a hot bath, meditate, journal or simply slow down the pace and practice being present. Build up some self-care in the bank of your life and watch how your investment grows, prospers and enables you to face anything that comes your way.
Yoga this Week
PLEASE NOTE: If you click the link and it asks for your email and password, you can either Create a FREE ZOOM account or click JOIN in the upper right hand corner and enter the Meeting ID, it should take you right to the registration page. The Monday Meditation link takes you right into the meeting, no registration needed for that.
Monday Morning Meditations 9:45am
Meeting ID: 870 0421 3481
Passcode: 338044
Monday Morning Chair Yoga Zoom 11am
Passcode: 795223 and Meeting ID: 834 4427 9682
930am Tuesday Morning Zoom
Passcode: 499588 and Meeting ID: 854 3636 0577
Wednesday Yoga Walk 1pm at Heritage Park in Mount Sinai!
Wednesday Evening Yoga 645 Zoom
Passcode: 499588 and Meeting ID: 835 2485 7761
Friday Morning Gentle Yoga ZOOM 930am
Passcode: 499588 and Meeting ID: 823 2581 6183


text: What is Purple Teaming & Why Is It Essential November 6, 2018 | by Marine D. | Blog posts 0 Comments What happens when red and blue team members work together towards a more collaborative approach? A stronger security method called purple teaming arises. Find out what it is and how it has become essential for organizations of all size. Tags: Blue Team/Red Team, Defensive Security, Offensive Security, Purple Team, Purple Team Member Training Path, Purple Teamer Read more


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This forum is closed. Thank you for your contributions.
Hi ,
I have a major issue with personal Onedrive.
I have member named Jaco who is having a local admin access to SharePoint. He was added in all users onedrive personal site. We spoke to Jaco about his account to be deleted from the site, But was denied stating he needs access to the sites since he is the
We tried running the below script
foreach ($login in ((get-spouser -Site
https://unit4-my.sharepoint.com).LoginName)) {if($Login.Contains('@')) { $login=$login.Replace('@','_'); $login=$login.Replace('.','_'); $login=$login.Replace('.','_'); $login="https://unit4-my.sharepoint.com/personal/"+$login;
Set-SPOUser -Site $login -LoginName
email@example.com -IsSiteCollectionAdmin $false} }
Which worked only 10%, meaning the script deleted all of the users who's names start with Alphabet "A" and half of "B" and then later nothing happened and threw an error.
Hence we tried modifying the script and had no luck and again it threw an error.
So could you assist us for a valid script where "Jaco" can be deleted from all users, There are about close to 12000+ users where his name is added in their perspective ODFB owners list.
I'd try them over here.
Regards, Dave Patrick ....
Microsoft Certified Professional
Microsoft MVP [Windows Server] Datacenter Management
Disclaimer: This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees, and confers no rights.


text: By Keith W. Young, Chairman of the DROP Advisory Council Many state, county governement, and school employees are getting ready to retire. Some are leaving early from DROP. Here is a checklist so you can avoid some of the common mistakes others make: Is your retirement paperwork in order? Some forms […] Avoid these common retirement mistakes! in Posts / Uncategorized tagged retirement ready by Dropadvisorycouncil


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Custom Application Services & Support in Jacksonville and Gainesville, Florida
Custom Application Development and Implementation Services
Kustura Technologies IT Support provides seamless integration between multiple applications. Our team of programmers can design and modify custom applications to meet your unique business needs. Custom application development is the best solution to protect and share your business data across multiple web-enabled devices. Click here to learn more.


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E-Pharmacy portals to make patients' lives easier
The formation of a strict monitoring system, which is for the online sale of medicines is underway by the Centre, that has come up with a Self-regulation Code of Conduct for the E pharmacy sector for the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).Notably, these E-Pharmacy portals are expected to make treatments easier.
The e-pharmacy model has been proposed by the apex business organization, which provides digital tracking and traceability of medicines, addressing the problem of the counterfeit medicines and unsupervised consumption of the antibiotics without prescription. It also further improves access and affordability of medicines for patients.
This monitoring system will be further formed in the wake of the significant rise in the popularity of an e-pharmacy in the past year.
E-pharmacy has become an important channel, which is helpful in providing last mile access to the medicines. This will most importantly benefit the patients suffering from chronic diseases, the elderly and sick who are not in the condition to go to the pharmacy.
Read Here : Techno Fest: 2.1% of India's GDP by Chemical Industry
Need a valid copy of prescription for ordering medicines
The e-pharmacy model has proposed that medicines must be processed only against a valid copy of a prescription from a registered medical practitioner.
E-pharmacy portals must also ensure no schedule X or other sensitive habit-forming medicines are further processed and that there are adequate checks in place to further prevent the sale of such drugs.
"E-pharmacy players must partner with the government to recall any medicine and collect adverse events of medicines through consumer reports and comply to submit them to National Centre for Pharmacovigilance," Dr Didar Singh, Secretary General, FICCI.
India's sudden burst in an epidemic of chronic diseases has also led to the development of online medicine portals. "We cannot deny that home delivery of medicines is not risky, because there is no tracking. Most of it happens over the phone," said Bejon Mishra.
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has already said that strict action will be taken against those who do not comply with the Drugs and Cosmetic Act.


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This is the hub of all blog articles categorized.
Silly Tangents
– Not about writing
In the beginning, I used to go on random tangents about silly things. Here are all those early posts from long ago.
- My Crazy Dreams (that one time my dreams were too crazy)
- Short Talk and No Necks (commenting on drawings of historical people)
- "Take off your glasses!" (I wear glasses. This is a rant.)
- Pugs may rule the earth one day. (I ended up in the land of tangents.)
- Getting stressed to rid of stress (My experience on going on a vacation)
- I abuse the Persian Cat Room Guardian (The meme of the Persian Cat Room Guardian gets me all the time so I make my own memes.)
– About writing
Silly little articles about writing and about my stories, very much non-serious.
- When a character is unsatisfied with their name (my characters come out of their stories to rant)
- Hey, I lost my marbles (Writer's block? Maybe.)
- Swear Words in Fantasy Fiction – Heizak!
- Answering Google's Most Searched Questions in 2018 about Fiction Writing
- Answering Google's Most Searched Questions in 2021 about Fiction Writing
– Breaking down words
Sometimes I like to do a deep-dive into the origins and constructions of words. Sometimes this leads me to ranting about the dictionary.
- Alter Ego-Boosted (What is "alter ego"? crosses into a talk about pen names)
- Contradictionaries…omg (dictionary rant)
- Did jealousy create "re-search"? (doesn't "research" just mean "searching again"?)
- Mage or Witch? What's the difference? (dictionary rant)
- Oh, Fluff, Write It Right (dictionary rant on words that should exist but don't)
Opinion posts are posts with my personal opinions. Of course you don't have to agree. I just wanted to share 🙂
– Disney theories
Sometimes I have theories about Disney movies.
Some of the articles have no links as they are currently under construction (July, 06. 2021~).
- The Inside of Winnie the Pooh's Head (Winnie the Pooh)
- Did Alice go to Wonderland or not? (Alice in Wonderland)
- Truth of Madness (Alice in Wonderland)
- Theory: Why a rabbit? Why a WHITE rabbit? (Alice in Wonderland)
– Other
- Heartwarming but For Show? (on documented family reunions)
- I'm not a "Fanatic" of Little Mix (on the phrase "I'm a fan")
- The Most Unbelievable, Shocking, Crazy Article Ever (Addressing misleading videos on YouTube)
- Maybe you're sharing your life too much? (on vlogging and YouTubers)
- Wattpad's In-line Comments: Pros and Cons (When I first joined Wattpad, in-line comments stumped me. A bit of a rant.)
- Pros and Cons of Wattpad's In-line Comments: 2nd Edition (After living in Wattpadland for a while, I realize the value of in-line comments)
- Is Voldemort A True Villain? (What makes a villain?)
- We All Do This (Opinion on validation)
- Again & Rain Don't Rhyme BUT… (Opinion on using words in poetry that kind of don't rhyme)
- WHAT IF: All Deities Existed for All of Us?? (A religious opinion)
Writing and Being a Writer
– The Tiger Writer's Writing Life
I blog about my writing life 😛
- Why does The Tiger Writer Write? (Why do I write?)
- Don't ask me why I write poetry, Boromir (Why do I write poetry? Because.)
- Where is my oomph? (Me, having writer's block.)
- Doubting My Story: What's "being a writer"? (Me, struggling with originality.)
- "Beep beep!" *sticks out tongue* (My struggle with one of my stories)
- Darn Us Needy Writers (On asking people to read my story)
- It just got real! (I can't remember what this was about. I can tell you it was a good one.)
- It's a Giraffe's Bones (Something to do with us and giraffes having seven back bones.)
- My Most Recent Novel Project (About the idea origins of The Choice of Aurvandil)
- Darn Worlds of Make Believe! (How I make up worlds)
- What it's REALLY like to write a novel (Novel-writing sounds amazing! Really? Think again.)
- This sucks. (Me, having writer's block, again.)
- My first ever short story from 13 years ago (Title says all. Short Story included. Prepare for the cringe.)
- The Scary Thing for a Writer *gasps* (What awful thing is so scary??)
- I forgot how to cat (Me, having writer's block, AGAIN.)
- A Writer's Antics (I wrote a story on the spot.)
- A Writer's Antics 2: Writer and the Beast (I wrote another silly story on the spot.)
- You tell ME why I wrote this story. (Kind of a rant. People trying to read too much into your story…um, maybe you shouldn't?)
- How I made it hard on myself (A short story series gives me a headache. I talk about it.)
– Accomplishments, Goals, Progress
Things I've accomplished, my goals, and my progress.
- My 2018 Accomplishments and 2019 Goals
- 2019 Accomplishments so far and Goals
- 2019 Accomplishments & 2020 Goals
- 2020 Accomplishments and 2021 Goals
Photo Manipulations
Some photo manipulations I made. I hope you enjoy viewing them 🙂
Some of the articles have no links as they are currently under construction (July, 06. 2021~).
- Concept Art: Down the Rabbit Hole
- ORIGINAL Halfhuman Art (for "The Choice of Aurvandil")
- Edglings – What are they? (a piece of art is posted within. for "The Choice of Aurvandil")
- Character Aesthetics (The Choice of Aurvandil edition)
- Character Aesthetics (The Façade of Quad in Nimrod edition)
more coming soon…
Fun Historical Facts
– From Story Research
– The World During Series
Some of my stories happen during specific years in the past. Sometimes I wonder what our real world was doing during that time. Here are some interesting things that happened in history.
- The World During 1: 1826, November
- The World During 2: 1826, December
- The World During 3: 1827, January
More coming soon…


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Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held by The Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation at Ace Gallery in New York, May 17 to June 1, 2002. Artists in the catalogue include Foundation, Jennifer Adams, Alice Albert, Bill Davenport, Rafael Fuchs, David Greenstein, Katia Gushue, Michiko Itatani, Pamela Keech, Paul Laffoley, Lim Choong Sup, Kathryn Myers, Jill O'Bryan, Blake Stimson, Terry Ray Thompson, Rosa Valado, Rhonda Zwillinger, Xenobia Bailey, Tom Burckhardt, Susanna Coffey, Peter Dudek, Garth Evans, Christopher Giglio, Edward M. ... [details]
Survey of the work of L.A. based artists before 1980. Edited by Lyn Kienholz with contributing editors Elizabeta Betinski and Corinne Nelson. Includes appendix. "'L.A. Rising SoCal Artists Before 1980' is the first comprehensive pictorial showcase of the diverse universe of artists working in the Los Angeles area during the formative period of Los Angeles' art history. ... [details]


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|Original language
|Publication status
|Published - Jul 2006
CitationCheuk, W. H., & Wong, K. S. (2006, July). The impact of outcome importance of help offer and self-esteem of helper on depersonalization: The case of social workers in Macau. Paper presented at the 27th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece.
- Teacher Education
- Teacher Education and Professional Development


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Happy Saturday, writers and authors! This thought occurred to me; now that I'm in with a traditional publisher and set to become a published author, how am I going to place my book in front of buyers?
How many times have we heard that writing the book is only half the battle and that the hard part is when Marketing and actually selling comes into play? Once your book is written and finally published, the next and obvious step would be to find buyers to purchase your lil darlings and that can be a daunting experience.
Those seasoned authors among you are probably going; "Why don't newbie authors start spreading their book news sooner!?" Okay, we get it. But, better late than never, right?
While doing research on the how to of advertising our pearls to the world's readers and buyers, I came across interesting places to advertise books, whether you are a newbie or seasoned author who went the way of traditional or Indie publishing.
Let's not forgo the usual suspects in getting your book noticed~ Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Good-reads, blog tours and setting up your author's page on Amazon.com.
My amazon author's page for A Life Toward Authenticity, an eBook that I self published in 2012 is here: https://www.amazon.com/author/clarafreeman
I was blessed to receive a publishing scholarship in September toward the publication of Unleash Your Pearls, my new self-help guide for women on the path to living their best lives. I'm so excited to bring this resource to women-worldwide!
If you're at that precarious stage of book completion or manuscript readiness and searching for places to advertise your darlings, here are a few sites to consider:
I read that bookbub is one of the hardest sites to get on, but do give it a good try.


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I want to write something in emacs to let me edit WordPress posts directly. There is of course the blogger-mode in emacs, but I've never managed to make that work. Then I noticed that JetPack in WordPress has a JSON interface. Supposedly it will let me do stuff to my blog via a REST interface.
What better way to learn something than try and learn 10 new things at once?! I mentioned my plan on #emacs and Nic Ferrier asked me to document the journey.
First thing is that your app needs to use oauth2 to authenticate. I tried the sample code given on wordpress.com. Before you can do that though, you need to log into wordpress.com and create an "app" and enable the JetPack JSON api module.
$curl = curl_init( "https://public-api.wordpress.com/oauth2/token" );
$curl_setopt( $curl, CURLOPT_POST, true );
$curl_setopt( $curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array( 'client_id' =--> XXXX,
'redirect_uri' => 'https://emacstragic.net',
'client_secret' => biglongsecretstring,
'code' => $_GET['code'], // The code from the previous request
'grant_type' => 'authorization_code'
) );
curl_setopt( $curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$auth = curl_exec( $curl );
$secret = json_decode($auth);
$access_key = $secret->access_token;
echo "auth: $auth";
echo "secret: $secret";
echo "access_key: $access_key";
This results in:
auth: {"error":"invalid_request","error_description":"The required \"code\" parameter is missing."}
Catchable fatal error: Object of class stdClass could not be converted to string in /Users/jason/Dropbox/projects/emacs-wordpress/test.php on line 17
not very helpful. I then decided to see whats available in emacs. And low and behold Julien Danjou has written an OAuth 2.0 library for emacs. It's available in ELPA in emacs >= 24
I downloaded and installed it no problems but the documentation lacks any kind of working example that I can see.
My first attempt was to run the oauth2-request-authorization function, but it required strange parameters.
(oauth2-request-authorization AUTH-URL CLIENT-ID &optional SCOPE STATE What the hell are scope and state?
Then looking through the source I found
oauth2-request-access with a more promising
(oauth2-request-access TOKEN-URL CLIENT-ID CLIENT-SECRET CODE
&optional REDIRECT-URI)
So I tried that:
(oauth2-request-access "https://public-api.wordpress.com/oauth2/token" "XXXX" "longsecretcode" "CODE" "https://emacstragic.net" )
which returned
[cl-struct-oauth2-token nil nil "XXXX" "longsecretcode" nil nil "https://public-api.wordpress.com/oauth2/token" ((error_description . "Invalid authorization_code.") (error . "invalid_grant"))]
That looks promising in a way. At least its doing something!
Stay tuned for part 2.


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Sharon S Tepper | Danella Realty Inc | Blue Bell, PA, 19422-2322
Are you looking for real estate in Blue Bell, PA? Contact Sharon S Tepper real estate agent from Danella Realty Inc located in Blue Bell, to get detailed information: working hours, prices, services, location, reviews by real people and more. Call Sharon S Tepper at (610) 834-6200 to request an appointment.
Listing Details
Sharon S Tepper
Danella Realty Inc
(610) 834-6204
Reviews (0)As a visitor of Sharon S Tepper | Danella Realty Inc | Blue Bell, PA, 19422-2322 , you can write, submit & share your experience and opinions about this Pennsylvania real estate agent, about their services, prices, available properties & more. Your review will become a very useful information for other visitors. All reviews will be verified by moderators at RedMountainRealty.Net.


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LostEggs /
Index | Lost Eggs | The Powers | Cantrips Cantrips
Minor, instantaneous spells used to achieve quick, direct, and simple effects. Cantrips are usually powered by Psyche and cannot easily be countered, hence their usefulness.
Amber Players will see that Cantrips really are similar to ADRPG Power Words. A Cantrip user begins with 5 Cantrips.


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- November 1, 2015
- Day 55
- Budapest
- 48-52 degrees sunny
Secessionist extravaganza by Ödön Lechner in 1901.
- 1st, 2nd Royal Postal Savings Bank
- 3rd National Bank of Hungary
- 4th Bedö House
On the Way
Hi Linda I have enjoyed all your pictures from Hungry esp since Tony visited there several years ago and I knew there were some beautiful buildings. Some of your desert pictures also look very tempting!
That is a city Jay and I have always wanted to visit. Your pictures do nothing to dissuade us. 🙂
Beautiful city thanks for the great pixs!!


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Be vigilant for phishing and scam emails
We regularly receive reports from staff and students of suspicious emails e.g. false vaccination appointments, bogus HMRC tax refunds etc.
These can appear to be very believable and sophisticated and sometimes scammers can take names from university or company websites and then create other email accounts so the sender details look correct.
What to do:
If you think you have received a phishing email to your @hw.ac.uk account
Do not click on any links
Do not open any attachments
Don't reply to the message
Information Services Help:
To notify Information Services of a phishing email, or you have concerns about whether an email is real or not, please forward it to email@example.com and then delete it.
If you have received a phishing email, accidently clicked the link in it and provided your university credentials (username and password), please send an email to ishelp.hw.ac.uk for assistance.
Accounts that are suspected to be compromised will be blocked automatically for security purposes.
If your account has been blocked because of this, please send an email to ishelp.hw.ac.uk for assistance.
Information Services are constantly working to make systems including emails as safe and secure as possible.
Planning is underway to implement Multi Factor Authentication for staff and then students to improve staff and student security and their data.
Top tips to help you spot phishing emails
(phishing is the attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and sometimes, indirectly, money) by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication).
- Be suspicious of any urgent requests for personal or financial information
- Be aware: Phishing scams are common at main instalment payment dates or connected to newsworthy events
- Check that you're using a secure website when submitting credit card or other sensitive information.
- Prevention: Your email details may have been taken from a social networking site so avoid disclosing your email address or make sure you hide it on your page
- Look for tell-tale signs of phishing: Check the quality of the communication. Misspelling, poor punctuation and bad grammar are often good indicators


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Today, in this article, we will tell you about FCI J & K Exam Date & Admit Card, how you can download the FCI J & K Admit Card and check the date of your FCI J & K paper. FCI Jammu & Kashmir Hall Ticket
A few days ago FCI Jammu & Kashmir had applied for the post of 62 Watchmen. Its last date was 25-01-2018. To download FCI Jammu & Kashmir's Admit Card, you have to follow the steps mentioned below.
FCI Jammu & Kashmir Admit Card Download
- First, you have to go to the official website of FCI. We are giving you this link in front of this line. Link
- After this, you have to click on the right side gave the login button.
- From here you have to log in by entering your username and password.
- After logging in, you will be shown the download admit card option.
- After downloading the Admit Card, you can see both your date of date and the place of Examination.
- If you have any problems during this time, please write it down in the comment box.
FCI Jammu & Kasmir 62 Watchmen Physical Test
- 1000 Meters Race-5 Minutes and 30 seconds in one Go.
- Long Jump- 3.2Meters in 3 Chances.
- HIGH JUMP – 1.1 Meters in 3 Chances.
- 800 Meters Race – 5 Minutes and 30 seconds in one Go.
- Long Jump – 2.5 Meters in 3 Chances.
- HIGH JUMP -0.75 Meters in 3 Chances.


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Shell pledges to become a "net-zero emissions energy business" by 2050
Royal Dutch Shell unveiled wide-ranging new climate goals Thursday that would see the oil-and-gas giant become a "net-zero emissions energy business" by 2050.
Why it matters: It's the latest and among the biggest moves by European-based majors on global warming — one that would require a major transformation of their businesses to succeed.
Driving the news: Shell said it aims to have net-zero emissions from the extraction and manufacture of its products, and the energy for those operations, by 2050.
- But Shell acknowledges that so-called scope 3 emissions — that is, emissions from use of their products in the economy — are a vastly larger source of Co2, representing about 85% of the emissions linked to the company.
How it works: The plan calls for cutting a large amount of scope 3 emissions in several ways.
- Changing their product mix over time to become more climate friendly via ore emphasis on renewables, hydrogen and biofuels. Shell aims to reduce the "net carbon footprint" of products they sell by 30% by 2035 and 65% by 2050.
- Expanding use of carbon capture and natural ways to mop up CO2 like reforestation.
- Overall, Shell said this will involve working with customers on their emissions-cutting efforts, and developing a method to track those reductions.
The big picture: Shell must "must pivot over time towards serving the businesses and sectors that, by 2050, are net-zero emissions themselves," the announcement states.
What we don't know: "The company did not disclose the financial impact of meeting its new climate targets and said the new goals were not yet reflected in its operating plan and budgets," per FT.
What they're saying: Bloomberg reports on criticism of the plan...
"Shell has taken a step in the right direction, but it falls short of aligning with the Paris climate agreement's goals, Dutch investor group Follow This said. Shell's target of reducing scope 3 carbon intensity by 65% by 2050 equates to an absolute cut in emissions of 50%, the group said."
Go deeper: Oil giants announce steep cutbacks


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Toy shoppers on German Amazon recently discovered they can easily buy modified Lego-style Nazi-era German soldiers with the click of a button.
Type "Wehrmacht Lego" into the search bar and an array of purchase options will pop up (the Wehrmacht was the name for the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany).
The figures—which use use real Lego parts and are compatible with Lego products—are sold through third-party vendors, not Lego, on Amazon Marketplace, Amazon's platform for independent sellers who sell new and used merchandise. Sellers transform traditional Lego pieces into Nazi-era soldiers and tanks with custom parts and painted Wehrmacht insignia such as skulls, the straight-armed cross, and the Reichsadler eagle.
German law bans the use of Nazi symbols outside of the context of "art or science, research, or teaching."
Taking a stand
Manuel Hegel, a father in Germany, was shopping for toys on Amazon and was shocked to discover what appeared to be Lego figures decorated with Nazi symbols. He started an online petition to stop them from being sold.
His petition, which has around 1,500 signatures so far, implores Lego and Amazon to take legal action against third-party sellers who are using Lego parts. "These figures represent the most opposite to the values LEGO stand for," the petition says. "Throughout playing with these figures, children accept the depicted uniforms, weapons, etc. as normal and with that comes an extremely dangerous influential potential on children. After all, these figures are a threat to the good name of LEGO and AMAZON."
Lego said in a statement to the BBC that it "does not in any way sponsor or endorse the product—on the contrary," adding, "in general we take the steps necessary to ensure consumers are never in doubt." The company did not detail any specific legal action.
Since the petition was launched, some of the figures have been removed from German Amazon, though many are still available. The practice is not as rampant on the US Amazon site, though we were still able to find at least one customized Nazi-era Lego set for sale.


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COMe form factors basic (125x95), compact (95x95) and mini (84x55) with common PICMG pin-out types 6, 2, 10 and 1
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Kontron's reference designs and evaluation boards
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Kontron offers a broad range of high quality longevity Single Board Computers in the formfactors of 2,5" (pITX) and 3,5". This variety of SBC's serves the different needs of our customers in almost all applications.
3.5″ Single Board Computer (SBC) is a kind of small embedded board compliant with Embedded Compact Extended (ECX) form factor developed by Intel.
2.5″ Pico-ITX is a small SBC (Single Board Computer) form factor with the size of 100 mm x 72 mm.
Mini-STX is a form factor for motherboards with a small footprint (147 x 140 mm) which supports upgradable processors and offers various connectivity options. Mini-STX motherboards are ideal for use in small, energy-saving, and powerful computer systems.
Mini-ITX 是全新的紧凑型主板规格标准,与ATX规格兼容。控创嵌入式Mini-ITX 主板具备长期可用性,可满足工业用需求
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Besides the industrial motherboard portfolio we provide the small and stylish SMARTCASE™ solutions. Approved for EMC according to CE and FCC/B, the chassis family is applicable in different areas with high demands, e.g. industry or digital signage.
After 35 years, VME still remains an ideal architecture for mission-critical applications requiring high reliability and extended life cycles
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The open modular standard, well established in all ECT markets. Kontron's leading portfolio covers 3U and 6U, CPU blades and Switches, Peripherals and Systems
6U x86 CompactPCI 处理器板支持系统及外围master , PICMG 2.16, IPMI系统管理,热插拔, 多种操作系统下的TPM。
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完整的3U、6U CompactPCI 机箱及平台产品线,以及多种CompactPCI 扩展卡如工业I/O卡、通信卡、图形卡……


text:
FC Cincinnati takes to the road for USL playoff push
If Futbol Club Cincinnati is going to have any chance of clinching a spot in the United Soccer League playoffs this season, they'll have to be successful on the road.
Five of FC Cincinnati's final six matches will be played on the road, and the first of those tests arrives Tuesday when Cincinnati travels to play the Harrisburg City Islanders in Pennsylvania (6:30 p.m.).
The problem with having to make up ground away from the University of Cincinnati's Nippert Stadium is that road games are notoriously difficult in soccer, and that's been especially true for FC Cincinnati in 2017.
Of the nine losses FC Cincinnati's suffered in league play, seven of those have come at away venues.
The road has proven cruel to Cincinnati in the form of a 2-7-2 record away from Nippert.
FC Cincinnati playoff push:The road to the USL playoffs
More:Analysis: Alan Koch's MLS coaching prospects
If there's a team Cincinnati would want to play on the road, it's Harrisburg.
The City Islanders are 4-4-4 on home soil in 2017, and fading from the USL playoff picture at eight points adrift of the eighth and final playoff spot with five games remaining on its schedule.
Seeing as Cincinnati is still in a playoff position, Tuesday's match might not constitute a must-win scenario. Start winning now and FC Cincinnati could afford itself a measure of comfort heading into the final match days of the 2017 season.
Lose to Harrisburg, though, and FC Cincinnati will surely be in "desperation" mode, with little if any margin for error for each of its final five games.
KEYS TO THE HARRISBURG MATCH: As was the case last time out against the Pittsburgh Riverhounds, FC Cincinnati is coming off an extended break from match play. By Tuesday, it will have been 10 days since FC Cincinnati's last match. The team can ill afford the kind of sluggish start that, against the Riverhounds, nearly condemned Cincinnati to defeat less than five minutes in.
FC Cincinnati will want to pounce on Harrisburg early. Goals won't be necessarily required early, but pinning the hosts back and dictating tempo should be the standard. Ultimately, a win by any margin will do. FC Cincinnati simply needs to find a way through. Help from other results around USL has allowed Cincinnati to maintain its hold on the eighth-place spot in the Eastern Conference, but they can't bank on help like that to get them across the finish line.
WHAT: Futbol Club Cincinnati (9-9-8, 35 points, 8th in USL Eastern Conference) versus Harrisburg City Islanders (7-14-6, 27 points, 13th in USL Eastern Conference).
WHEN: Tuesday, Sept. 12, 6:30 p.m.
WHERE: FNB Field in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
HOW TO WATCH: Local TV (CW); YouTube stream.


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CLEVELAND — Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, a stalwart of the Texas tea party, says he's developing good rapport with presumptive GOP presidential nominee Donald Trump and his top advisers.
"I have a pretty good direct line to his top people," Patrick said Monday.
After a full day of traveling the state together last month and a phone conversation the two had last week, Patrick said he has grown comfortable vouching for the New York real estate mogul with fellow staunch conservatives.
Trump is far friendlier to their causes than the party's past two nominees, John McCain and Mitt Romney, Patrick said.
Trump has signaled he's "a big believer" in wresting decision-making on many matters from the federal government and restoring it to states, Patrick said.
In another welcome development, he said, Trump and his campaign have taken a largely hands-off approach to platform deliberations at the party's convention in Cleveland.
Four years ago, Romney aides "twisted arms" to get what the former Massachusetts governor wanted in the GOP's statement of beliefs, Patrick recounted. But Team Trump "didn't try to influence the platform committee at all, and the platform committee is controlled by conservatives," he said.
In the past two cycles, "conservatives never felt that they had a voice" at the party's national conventions, Patrick said. "Trump is just the opposite," he said. "He is listening."
Patrick has acknowledged he's singing a different tune about Trump these days.
Last winter, as Texas campaign chairman for presidential rival Ted Cruz, Patrick criticized Trump's temperament and questioned his fidelity to principle. In just over a month, though, he said he has gotten to know Trump much better — and that it has all been good.
On June 16, the two flew around the state to attend Trump fundraisers in three Texas cities. They discussed lots of issues but especially border security, Patrick said.
"I shared with him a lot of information on that," he said. "He wanted my notes on that, which I'd already typed up in advance and gave to him. We've had a good time."
After the killing of five police officers in Dallas this month, Trump called Patrick, the lieutenant governor said.
"I just remember him saying, 'This is an awful day and I just wanted to call you and let you know I'm thinking about you and all of Texas,' " Patrick recalled. "He didn't ask me to broadcast that — and I didn't."
Trump said Dallas responded to disaffected Army veteran Micah Johnson's July 7 rampage with dignity, as "a shining city on the hill," he told Texas delegates at their Monday breakfast. Trump was very consoling, he said.
"He is a very one-on-one person, totally different from what we see on the stage," Patrick said. "When he walks out on the stage, it's showtime. But when he's not on the stage, he listens and is just very different."
More GOP convention stories
Anti-Trump holdouts lose final bid to force a vote at GOP convention
Get ready for a convention like no other as Republicans prepare to crown Trump
Payback time for Texas? Huge GOP delegation gets distant seats at Trump convention
'I was my first choice,' Rick Perry quips, before asking fellow Texans to back Trump
GOP thwarts effort to soften opposition to gay marriage, transgender rights
First Baptist Dallas Pastor Robert Jeffress, a Trump backer, will not attend GOP convention
Trump adds Rubio, Rick Perry to convention lineup heavy with people named Trump
Donald Trump too divisive to keep America safe, Democrats say
Protesters unite against Trump, Republican convention in Cleveland
'Trump effect' won't drag down GOP House candidates, campaign chairman predicts
Dump Trump push fizzles as GOP rejects 'free the delegates' push
100 women pose nude ahead of GOP convention to 'reflect their anger'
Cleveland ratchets up GOP convention security after Dallas shooting
FBI, Homeland Security chiefs 'quite concerned' about risk of violence at GOP convention


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June Mountain Survey – JuneMountain.com/survey – Win Trip
June Mountain Survey can be found at www.junemountain.com/guest-research/survey-sweepstakes. Want to win a free trip to Mammoth Mountain Inn? Take this customer satisfaction feedback by June Mountain and speak it all out. From complaints to suggestions, the June Mountain survey is the best place to share your experience and help the company serve better in the future.
Why June Mountain Customer Satisfaction Survey
Do you want to visit June Mountain and enjoy your holidays? This is the best chance! Take part in the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey and get a chance to win a trip to June Mountain. If you have recently visited June Mountain and you aren't satisfied with the services, it's your chance to speak and express your thoughts.
How To Win a Trip In June Mountain Survey – JuneMountain.com/survey
Survey Requirements:
- Firstly, people taking part in the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey must have access to a smart device like a phone, tablet, pc or laptop. Your device must be connected to a reliable internet source.
- Secondly, customers looking forward to sharing their experience at the June Mountain survey must be able to recall their recent visit to June Mountain. It will help them to tackle the questions easily.
- Moreover, every participant of the survey is required to share honest feedback that's based on true experience at June Mountain. The survey will not accept false or partial feedback.
- As a matter of fact, the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey requires you to enter basic information like First Name, Last Name, Zip Code, Phone Number, Email Address, etc.
- Similarly, the survey requests every participant to submit their entry during the sweepstakes period. The survey will not accept any entries after the end date. More information here.
- Lastly, follow all the rules and regulations for increasing your winning chances. Follow every single regulation and stay away from all the restrictions.
Survey Restrictions:
- June Mountain customer satisfaction survey is only created for the people who are legal and permanent residents of the United States of America or the District of Columbia. The survey will delete entries that are received from outside.
- Secondly, people who are 18 years of age or older at the time of participation aren't eligible to take part in the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey. The survey will automatically ban the entries from people who are younger than 18.
- Moreover, employees, officers, directors, prize suppliers, immediate family members, affiliates, subsidiaries, divisions or anybody connected with June Mountain isn't eligible to take part in the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey.
- As a matter of fact, the survey limits every participant to submit only one entry regardless of the method of entry. Everyone will get an equal chance to win the sweepstakes. In the case of multiple entries, the user will be banned.
- Furthermore, June Mountain customer satisfaction survey is void outside of the United States or the District of Columbia and where prohibited or restricted by the law or government.
- Similarly, any attempt to tamper or exploit the June Mountain survey page can result in strict charges. Stay away from such activities to avoid any sort of mishap.
- Lastly, entrants are restricted to submit their entries through only two methods. The survey will not accept any entry apart from the method listed on the sheet of full rules and regulations.
Survey Participation Instructions:
The June Mountain survey gives everyone a chance to win a 3 day /2-night lift and lodging package. Want to know how you can be the one? Down below we'll be instructing you guys step by step on how you can get a chance to win the sweepstakes. Make sure to follow the instructions carefully. Here we go!
- Firstly, visit the official website of the June Mountain survey that would be located at www.junemountain.com/survey. The website will welcome you to take part in the June Mountain survey sweepstakes.
- Read the on-site instructions carefully. Now, you have two choices. Take part in the complete June Mountain survey or use the Alternate Method of Entry if you haven't visited June Mountain.
- People who haven't visited June Mountain, start entering the information. Enter your First Name, Last Name, Zip Code, Phone Number, and Address. After that, click on the "Submit" button. You guys are done here!
- If you have visited June Mountain, click on the "START SURVEY" button. The website will take you to a new page. Here, the page will welcome you again to submit your honest feedback. Read the instructions.
- After that, enter your First Name, Last Name, Email, and Visit Date. After that, you can also answer the optional questions. Now, click on the "Continue" button. The page will take you to the first section.
- After that, rate your overall visit by answering the survey questions through selecting numbers. Answer every question and then click on the "Continue" button to move onto the next section.
- Just like that, complete the whole survey. Then, you'll be asked to enter some more information. Provide everything that's required by the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey.
- Lastly, check everything and submit your honest feedback!
Resources & Links
Looking for the full rules and regulations of the June Mountain customer satisfaction survey? You have come to the right place. Down below we have listed every useful link related to the survey. Similarly, we have also mentioned some other similar surveys like this one that will give you a chance to win big.
Useful Links:
Similar Surveys:
- Hard Rock Survey – www.HardRockSurvey.com – Win Surprise Gift
- Big Boy Restaurant Survey – www.BigBoy.com/Survey – Win Gift
- Hot Topic Survey – www.HotTopic.com/survey – Win Coupon
About June Mountain
Winter is incomplete without enjoying the snow and skiing on a snowboard. June Mountain has some exciting trip plans for you to make the most out of your holidays.
Take this survey and get a chance to win a trip!


text:
Reading Time: < 1 minute
How to Plan for Future Business Internet Needs
The demand for faster internet speeds and bandwidth is increasing, with no end in sight. Businesses need to be planning ahead for their future speed requirements. This whitepaper outlines the questions businesses should be asking when it comes to their internet speeds , including:
- What increases in current business processes are on the horizon that will impact our future bandwidth requirements?
- Will new technology being developed be available to help us meet these needs?
- How can we best plan for future bandwidth expectations?


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A proposal brought before the Saratoga Springs City Council by Accounts Commissioner Dillon Moran at the Council's September 6th meeting would require all temporary outdoor dining areas to be subject to review and approval by the city's Design Review Board.
This amendment to the City Code would provide more vigorous oversight to protect the esthetics of Saratoga's historic downtown.
"It is important that as we adjust to our new normal, we also continue to support the Saratoga Springs Brand and all it stands for. Toward that end, as promised when we first rolled out our new outdoor dining program, the second season would introduce the DRB oversight so that Outdoor Dining and our long standing Sidewalk Cafe programs are in alignment. This legislation will do exactly that."Commissioner Moran
A public hearing on the amendment has been scheduled for the next City Council meeting on September 20.


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The National World War II Memorial opened in Washington, D.C. in 2004 and it's a wonderful tribute to those who risked and gave their lives for our country.
But you know what it's missing?
Two bills currently working their way through Congress — H.R. 2175, introduced by Rep. Bill Johnson (R-OH), and S. 1044, introduced by Sen. Rob Portman (R-OH) — aim to install a prayer plaque somewhere in the area of the monument with the words that President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered on D-Day, a portion of which is below:
Almighty God: Our sons, pride of our Nation, this day have set upon a mighty endeavor, a struggle to preserve our Republic, our religion, and our civilization, and to set free a suffering humanity.
Lead them straight and true; give strength to their arms, stoutness to their hearts, steadfastness in their faith.
And, O Lord, give us Faith. Give us Faith in Thee; Faith in our sons; Faith in each other; Faith in our united crusade. Let not the keenness of our spirit ever be dulled. Let not the impacts of temporary events, of temporal matters of but fleeting moment let not these deter us in our unconquerable purpose.
That's what the "World War II Memorial Prayer Act" intends to make permanent at the memorial.
It's just more red meat for the GOP's Christian base. Yes, Roosevelt delivered the speech, but his religious platitudes don't represent all the soldiers who fought in the war.
The Center For Inquiry, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, and six other organizations have written letters to the Senate and House over the past year urging committee members to reconsider this idea:
This bill, however, shows a lack of respect for this great diversity. It endorses the false notion that all veterans will be honored by a war memorial that includes a prayer that proponents characterize as reflecting our country's "Judeo-Christian heritage and values." In fact, Department of Defense reports show that nearly one-third of all current members of the U.S. Armed Forces identify as non-Christian. Likewise, many of our veterans and citizens come from a variety of religious backgrounds, or have no religious belief; thus, it is inappropriate to honor the "power of prayer" in a national memorial.
Yesterday, the Subcommittee on Public Lands and Environmental Regulations met to discuss H.R. 2175 and there was nary a discussion about the religious implications of the bill (starting at the 40:00 mark):
I think the part that disturbed me the most was Rep. Johnson's implication that seeing this plaque go up is on all living veterans' bucket list:
"Time is of the essence… each week that goes by that we do not pass this legislation into law, another 4,000 World War II vets will have passed away without seeing this prayer added to the memorial."
Yep, they risked their lives so that the U.S. government could promote the Christian faith.
(Image via Lissandra Melo / Shutterstock.com)


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I am nearing the point of the longest job ever. There still is five months to go and I have doubts that I really will last that long.
Sadly though, I was forced out of the longest held job by way of layoff. That was my previous job; it lasted 22 months.
As of a couple days ago, I hit the 18 month mark. That places me with 40 months design experience using CATIA as my main tool and 6 months of CATIA at school. Along with that and my associates degree, I should manage to fairly easily find a new position, even with higher income.
Plus I've been getting bored of the work. Yet I enjoy the team I work with more than any other previous job. Just relly sucks that the paychecks are so half assed.
Boredom passed as we now have CNC capability eith 2 CNC machines and a new CNC lathe. I had a few interesting projects and a ton of learning new design concepts to work with the CNC guys. They're nice, laid-back, but persnickety workers (like the TIG welders) and are a great insight to design once you gain their trust. I attempt to learn from them daily, but still haven't really seen much action in process. Dude spends a bunch of time programming and setting up shop.
We are to be very busy come summer I hear, so that cuts down on the layoff paranoia a bit.
(@almost 42 months)


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text:
ronaldo153_NL last edited by
Hello OSM,
In my competition (made by osm), I have the topscorer of the league: Enes Ünal, but I didn't got the 100 coins what I should have earned. Can I get it because I had to say this to the forum.
Best regards,
Hi, welcome.
Could you please fill in the bug template that ypou can find here: https://forum.onlinesoccermanager.com/topic/308/important-info-please-read
Don't forget to include a screenshot that your the topscorer of your league if the league already has ended and before the reset.
No respons from the OP, so this can be closed.