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This chapter basically presents an overview of the rural sector of Pakistan with glances of comparison with the urban sector. Further on this chapter also relates to the function and specific strategies carried out by government and institutions that are required for sustainable development. The objective of this chapter is to give an insight in to the profile of rural sector of Pakistan in order to closely view the problems and enhance the efficiency of these areas by improving the quality of development activities through a professional approach.
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1.1Rural Urban divide and profile in Pakistan.
Pakistan, a nation, is in its developing phase even after 64 years of Independence has been making countless efforts to reach the stage of sustainable development in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. The challenges of implementation of resources and the scarcity of public funds available for allocation between urban and rural backfires against Pakistan development process, as development is naturally a risky business and the structure of Pakistan's development expenditure is not stable enough to lead to sustainability.
Most of the poor people of Pakistan currently live in rural areas. There are approximately 50,000 villages (Pak) According to the economic survey, 63.6% (Nizami, 2009)of the total population lives in villages. The rural population lacks tools and facilities to adequately cope with the risks and difficulties that they are often faced with. Therefore they are more vulnerable. Further on, the recent incidents like flood and earthquake in 2008 has dampened the situation in the rural areas and have made them worse off than before by destroying the agriculture sector completely.
On the other hand, the economic survey of Pakistan reports that in currently 36.3% of the total population lives in the urban areas which has expanded sevenfold since 1950 (Nizami, 2009). Urban areas are more advanced and developed in telecommunication, media awareness, educational and health facilities when compared to the rural areas but issues like air pollution from industrial effluents, vehicle emissions, traffic congestion and low literacy rate pose a very strong threat to development.
Overall, infrastructure and facilities in both rural and urban areas are lacking and substantial improvements are required and careful consideration needs to be provided by the government on resource allocation as it will lead towards sustainable economic growth in future.
1.2. An overview of the livelihood and provision of social services in rural settings of Pakistan; Inter-regional and Infra-regional disparities.
The rural economy of Pakistan mainly consist of high population growth, with very low literacy rate, unhygienic living facilities, poor water and sanitation facilities, lack of health and infrastructural facilities. Moreover social sector of the rural economy is deprived and lacks basic facilities with household size on average greater than that of urban areas.
Inter- regional disparity basically is the disparity that exists between the provinces of Pakistan whereas intra-regional disparities are the disparities that exist between within the province. The inter-regional imbalances have economic, social and political implications; in case of Pakistan the economic activities are concentrated to specific provinces. The insufficient provision of public infrastructure obstructs the private capital formation and economies in relatively lagging regions cause underdevelopment.
Pakistan consists of four regions, Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan which are highly diverse in terms of size, population and level of economic activity, sizable interregional disparity exists in per capita income, the extent of disparities in employment ratio and labor productivity is also high and have growing trend since 1982. The two regions Punjab and Sindh are more advanced when compared with Balochistan and NWFP. There are technological differences also leading to difference in productivity
On the other intra-regional disparity also exists in Pakistan. There is significant difference within the provinces itself due to varied economic structure and dynamism. Large gaps in the living standards have been seen due to the variations in the development stages of cities. The quality of physical infrastructure and expenditure spent by the government also contributes to disparity in Pakistan as cities with more facilities will have more exposure to opportunities and thereby leading to more income,
1.3 Transformation of Agriculture, mobility of capital from Agriculture and sustainability of rural development.
In spite of the structural shift towards industrialization, the Agriculture sector still is one of the significant growth areas of the Pakistan economy, It is known to be the second largest sector in terms of labor employment and as well as GDP composition which accounts to 21% of GDP (Farooq, 2009). It's a source of living for majority of the rural population and is also the prime contributor in Pakistan's exports. The efforts by the policy makers have been to encourage the growth in the industrial sector for a vision of sustainable rural development which is being funded at the expense of the agriculture sector is not an efficient approach. Even though both the sectors have a positive impact on the GDP but since most of the rural population is employed in agriculture and illiterate thus agriculture growth will lead to rural development and ultimately industrial growth.
Despite the agriculture importance, a fluctuating trend has been followed by this sector over the past six years but has still shown a rise of average rate of 3.7 percent per annum. The overall performance in the year 2009 was weaker than expectations. The previous year's performance showed a 4% growth so the expected growth in year 2009 was 3.8% whereas only 2% growth was seen. (Farooq, 2009)
In order for Agriculture sector to advance, critical investments need to be made in new seeds, employing advance technologies and procedures and irrigational facilities which currently are not being provided. Globalization and transferability of technology in free market economy has necessitated employment of advance, cost effective and efficient technological agricultural equipment to be used by the farming community. The efficient use of scarce agriculture resources with employment of advance technology will assist in meeting the future challenges and industrial growth.
Sustainable development has been defined "intersection of social, environmental and economic goals" (Levett, 1998).Without sustainable development in agriculture no tactic of economic reforms can be appreciated, as it is the key to raise the living standards, giving food security by reducing poverty, expanding market of industry and services and ultimately leading to sustainable development. However, the recent economic situation of Pakistan does not provide any support to industrial growth, the electricity shortage and instability in the economy has lead to low investments and shut down of many of the industries, as no positive returns were being realized.
1.4. Agriculture transformation, skilled labor migration and rural livelihood.
The government has been making efforts to encourage industrial growth in Pakistan and provisions of human capital facilities have not only leaded to increase in output and income but also indirectly affected labor allocation. Education leads to a shift of rural household resources from farm activities to off-farm activities. Further on, the rapid economic growth in urban areas and the rural income inequality lead to an increase in rural urban labor migration, which caused reduction of the size of rural workforce therefore further reduction in the productivity of agriculture.
From 1950â€2008, Pakistan's total population expanded over fourâ€fold, whereas the total population increased over sevenâ€fold (Nizami, 2009). Rural urban migration does not have very positive result on an economy instead leads to adverse conditions of overloading of housing and social services, increased crime rate, pollution, unemployment and congestion in urban areas. Therefore factors contributing to the urbanization should be a major concern so that corresponding policies can be made accordingly but on the other hand, rural population of Pakistan is scattered over a vast areas of mountainous and forested terrain. Therefore it makes it expensive and difficult to extent the basic resources to all areas through migration, the population moves towards the areas where the services can be delivered with reasonable cost.
In order to control the problem of skilled labor migration from agriculture, effective policies by government should be taken to reduce and minimize the rural-urban gap as it's the key reason for migration. Moreover, in agriculture sector advance mechanization techniques should be adopted and a shift to land use growth. Agriculture is one of the vital sectors of economic growth in Pakistan's economy. Therefore careful consideration needs to be given to it.
1.5 Government initiatives and institutions for rural development in Pakistan.
The basic purpose of the government is to provide appropriate instruments and support to the vulnerable rural areas for effective and sustainable rural development. A framework must have strategies that are adequate in dealing with the problems faced by the rural areas and also emphasize on the sources and characteristics of the problems that are being occurred in order for a better understanding of the situation. Not only this task is challenging for government, NGOs and the international agencies but also varied but still initiatives are being carried out by the government to cope with the situation. However, deficiencies in the provision of basic infrastructure and social services in rural areas still remain.
For the promotion of growth in agriculture sector the government has taken recently several steps which has increased the availability of fertilizer by 25.3%.The installation of tube wells and water for irrigation was enhanced by seepage control and land leveling. The positive features also include empowering local governance and greater funds accessibility under Tameer-e-Pakistan and Khushal Pakistan Programme. Further on, the permission to import machinery not produced locally at zero tariffs by the federal government has also encouraged the use of latest technology (Farooq, 2009).Other processes like laser land leveler, broad bed framing system and ridge are also being promoted by the government at subsidized prices to the farmers
Through the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), rural industrialization of labor intensive industries and technologies has been encouraged by value addition and enhancing worker skills and facilitating technology up gradation. Industrial estates are also established along the motorways in close proximity for rural areas.
Emphasis has been placed on provision of physical and social infrastructure, including farm to market roads, village electrification, clean drinking water and sanitation, and education and health facilities.
The capacity for disaster management for floods, earthquakes, epidemics and other emergencies has also been improved and networking of training institutions will be undertaken to support the training efforts in line with the rural development strategy.
National Population control programs and other policies have been adopted by the government for population control. Media awareness has been provided in the form of advertisements. The provision of Lady Health workers program and rural health centers have been provided to the rural and poor people for awareness and increasing health standards.
1.6. Rural Development, rural planning and intergenerational equity.
Pakistan aims to transform itself into a just, prosperous, and sustainable society. In order it to be just, the concept of intergenerational equity is necessary to understand which basically means to keep a balance between the present and future generations with regard to the rural development and also a balance between the community and all individuals should have equal access to community resources and opportunities. While planning rural development, intergenerational equity should take into account resources utilization, rural poverty reduction and environmental degradation.
With the use of resources and depletion of some resources, the options and choices available to future generations are decreased. Permanent losses can take place if the natural resources are depleted as they cannot be created by artificial scientific procedures. Therefore careful consideration needs to be given when allocating resources. Deforestation, ozone layer depletion and acid rain are the common developmental problems that future generation have to deal with if the current generations are not cautious in their consumption. Thus, environment plays a major role when making developmental plans.
1.7. Elements and sources of lack of sustainability in rural development; issues and concerns for Pakistan.
The major issue and concern for Pakistan in rural development is the risk what managers and policy makers are very often faced with as Agriculture is a very risky and uncertain sector but since the risk is unavoidable in every situation so the decisions and policies should be devised by taking all possible alternate into account and gathering all the information and then choosing the best possible one with minimum risk.
Moreover there is lack of proper technology facilities available in the rural settings which are also a major drawback and a hurdle in rural development process. Telecommunication technology can be used by the farmers to obtain up-to-date information on the market price leading to a clear idea of selling price that can be set. Further on, weather forecasts can also be used by the farmer for precautionary planning of the crops and farming practices accordingly.
Even though efforts has been made in the past to provide credit facilities to the rural sectors of Pakistan through SME's but government and other bank institutions still remain reluctant to provide loans as there are more chances of default in rural areas but may give loans to small farmers if they offer some sort of collateral which usually is in undesirable form. Therefore informal credit practices are mostly used by the developing countries including Pakistan as they have a better knowledge of the activities of the farmers.
Illiterate population is also one of the contributing factors in the increase of poverty in rural areas of Pakistan. The skilled and somewhat literate labor migrate to urban areas in search of a better living standards and job opportunities making the development of rural areas stagnant and slow. Moreover rural areas are also not assisted with proper health care facilities therefore increasing number of diseases are being travelled throughout the rural areas mainly after the flood incident the number of waterborne diseases has increased to large extent.
The highly uneven distribution of resources is one of the major concerns being faced by Pakistan. The industrialist and politicians have formed alliance and taken over the resources of the nation. Further on, urban areas are readily accessible with resources whereas rural areas continue to be neglected.
1.8. Key words and definitions.
Inter-regional disparity: Disparity among provinces.
Intra-regional disparities: Disparity within the provinces.
Sustainable development has been defined "intersection of social, environmental and economic goals" (Levett, 1998)
Tameer-e-Pakistan: "a social intervention aimed to undertake schemes relating to federal functions such as rural electrification, gas supply, etc" (2003)
Khushal Pakistan Programme: "a social intervention aimed at generating economic activity through public works and temporary employment" (2003)
Intergenerational equity is "a concept that says that humans hold the natural and cultural environment of the Earth in common both with other members of the present generation and with other generations, past and future" (Beder, 2000)
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Small and Medium Enterprise (SME): "means an entity, ideally not a public limited company, which does not employee more than 250 persons (if it is manufacturing concern) and 50 person (if it is trading / service concern)" (State bank of Pakistan)
1.9. Study objectives.
To test the proposition that how employment in SME sector has impacted rural development.
To test the proposition that how quality of institution has an impact on rural development.
To test the proposition that military regime compared with other regime has an impact on rural development.
To test the proposition that exchange rate depreciation has an impact on rural development
Chapter 2: Literature Review
This chapter of extensive literature review would help develop a clear idea about what are the reasons behind the role of state in sustainable rural development in Pakistan. It enhances the previous chapter where study objectives and concerns were raised about the need for this research.
2.1 A brief profile of rural settings and rural livelihood in developing countries.
Pakistan is basically an agro based economy at its developing stage but recently the slow growth, increasing unemployment and the rising costs have created problems for the policy makers to allocate agricultural subsidies in rural areas.
Pakistan represents an interesting and vital projection to test market imperfections faced by the developing countries. Ramus Heltberg, in his article, talks about the market imperfections that are normally found in the rural sectors of Pakistan. According to him, the ownership of land is traditionally considered a source of status and political power in Pakistan, Therefore the urban population is unwilling to let go of their belongings in the rural areas which makes the distribution of land extremely disproportionate and unequal.
Further on he pointed out that there exist policies with regard to different farm sizes, which include subsidies for mechanization and credit for large farms. Moreover, small farms cannot fulfill the collateral requirements therefore they are excluded as most of the loans for tractor etc are ultimately defaulted; a biased strategy is followed by the institutions in case of loans to large farmers.
(HELTBERG, 1998). Thus showing that role of small medium enterprise is very vital in sustainable economic growth in the rural areas as they facilitate backward areas with loans and funds despite the imperfections.
Emphasizes is also paid on the relationship of farm size and productivity which was inverse and one of the major factors in rural development. This study was basically carried out by taking into account Pakistani farm data and concluded that the small farms are more productive when compared to the big farms and also that they can enhance agriculture productivity and increase justice but however the effect on social efficiency remained ambiguous. (HELTBERG, 1998)
With the growing economy, Credit is increasingly becoming an integral part of the process of development, even in rural areas of Pakistan. The paper by M. Ali Chaudhary and Mohammad Ishfaq, attempts to provide baseline estimates of probability of repayment from borrowers belonging to rural sector in Pakistan which is the most important component, to be estimated in access the credit risk. It also points out that that although the rural borrowing still amounts to a small proportion of the total borrowing of the country but the supply of institutional credit to the rural residents is increasing slowly. The main findings indicate that collateral should be based on potential credit worthiness of borrowers. (M. Ali Chaudhary, Mohammad Ishfaq., 2003)
Further on, the study also suggests the recommendations that can be helpful for the lenders and the policy makers to design credit programs accordingly. The results also highlight that interest rate do not affect the repayment schedule much. Agriculture income is very variable in nature and the non-agriculture sector borrowers have a higher probability of repayment. Therefore the lenders should diversify the portfolio of their loan and reduce covariant risk possibility.
2.2 Indicators and instruments of assessing sustainability of rural development.
Hermann Kreutzmann, in his article highlights the indicators required to assess the development in mountainous region. According to him, the sustainability of rural development of mountainous regions escapes adequate attention due to lack of appropriate methods. Further on comparative data is also absent, and it is complicated to verify the position of mountainous region within nation states. The purpose of this article was to discuss by investigating comparative approach of selected indicators that are mainly used in development reports. This discussion helped in better understanding of the application process and revealed the theoretical limitations that facilitated us with a vision to apply appropriate strategies for development. (Kreutzmann, 2001)
International Year of Mountains stated that consideration and special focus needs to be given to research and application of comparative approaches. This article also used examples from the case studies in South Asian high mountain regions and introduced approaches that applied human development indicators to various regional levels. Analysis and evaluation of the results and interpretations of the indicators would reveal problems in the mountain research for further investigation.
The results showed that in order for development to take in High Mountain areas, comparable indicators of development should be used to enhance our understanding of existence of disparities. Further on same development concepts applied to other regions should be used for developing countries mountainous areas.
The demand to advance the living standards of the living standards of the mountain dwellers are brought into light several times but rarely realized. In order for development to progress the policy makers should identify the regions and enhance communication and facilities of people living in the mountain regions. (Kreutzmann, 2001)
2.3 Infrastructure, provision of social services and their livelihood.
Mohammed A Ghaffar in his paper underlines that most of the government spending is allocated in the energy sector as Pakistan has few energy resources and the country is heavily dependent on the import of fossil fuel. It is stated, that more than 20% of foreign exchange earnings is spent on oil imports every year still the rural population consumes wood, animal and crop waste for its domestic energy needs. This paper presents the energy supply situation in the rural sector of Pakistan and identifies the energy shortage problem through means of a survey.
The key findings of this paper is that very few farmers have access to electricity and those who have, mainly use it for lighting purposes which does not increase their comfort level. Farmers suffer during summer due to the shutdown of electric tube-wells when there is a shortage of irrigation water supply due to the low levels in canals. This is ultimately reflected in low productivity of farms. The load shedding has created a negative impact on the economy of Pakistan, because the industrial sector is closed down during peak hours in the evenings. The intensity of load shedding is expected to increase in future with increased demand for energy. (Ghaffar, 1995)
Energy expenditures are influenced largely by other variables, such as the family size and energy consumption pattern. The contribution of electricity is negligible to overall energy supply in the rural sector. A common person in the rural sector could increase his standard of living by empolying renewable energy resources, such as solar Pv methods can be used to supply d.c. power to households and for lighting. Biogas can be used for cooking and heating purposes. (Ghaffar, 1995).
Moving on the article by Nadeem Ilahi and Franque Grimard accessed the important role that women play in reducing poverty and ultimately promoting development in developing countries. (Nadeem Ilahi and Franque Grimard, 2000). Further on the article also highlighted the role of infrastructure in promoting development, it stated that infrastructure should be improved to increase the efficiency in production; it is not only confided to benefits in the production efficiency but also contributes to increase in the living standards of rural households. In the case of Pakistan, it also helps to raise the nutritional status of rural children.
The article aimed to investigate how the quantity and quality of infrastructure affect the time women allocate to their various activities by focusing on the water structure and variations in the quality by taking into account the time allocated by rural women to market-oriented activities, leisure and water collection. The results concluded a negative relationship between the advancements in Pakistan's water supply infrastructure and the time spent by rural women in water collection. As the infrastructure is improved, women allocate more time to income-generating activities. The social and institutional components may play a role in coming up with such a conclusion but economic opportunities and limitations should not be neglected of ignore in being one of a major influence on the time allocation of women in the developing countries rural areas. (Nadeem Ilahi and Franque Grimard, 2000)
2.4 Agricultural transformation, mobility of capital and prospects of rural development.
In the article, by Shida Rastegari Henneberry, Muhhamad Ehsan Khan and Kullapapruk Piewthongngam, An analysis was carried out by basically making comparison between industrial and agricultural sectors of Pakistan for better insight in Pakistan's economy and ultimately development. Pakistan is known to have heavy dependence on the agricultural sector which is carried mostly in the rural areas of Pakistan due to vast availability of land.
The results showed that both the industries complemented each other, industry however grew more from agricultural growth than the other way round. Pakistan's policy makers require a lot of information in order to make appropriate policies for industrial development through agricultural development. Further on, the article also stated that development of the industry will not only increase the profits of the private sector but also increase the potential of the economy causing an increase in amount of goods that can be produced more efficiently in given amount of resources. Industrialization not only benefits a nation by meeting its domestic needs but also enhances the exports through exporting the excess manufactured goods. Moreover, the excess labor is also absorbed by the industrial sector ultimately leading to an increase in income of the nation. For developing countries like Pakistan, the growth of the agricultural along with industrial sector needs to be given due importance. (Shida Rastegari Henneberr, Muhhamad Ehsan Khan, Kullapapruk Piewthongngam, 2000)
In order to follow the footsteps of the Western world, many third-world nations have adopted the path of industrialization but if the resources are inefficiently allocated among the industrial sector, it slows the growth of the economy and also reduces the labor absorption rate of the industry and ultimately reducing opportunities for expansion of income and causing income inequalities. Therefore to avoid such a situation, development in agriculture sector is needed as it would effectively widen the income base and promote industries development with lower capital per worker ratios. This study proved that the agricultural growth has a considerable impact on the industrial growth. (Shida Rastegari Henneberr, Muhhamad Ehsan Khan, Kullapapruk Piewthongngam, 2000)
Further on, this study highlighted that some policies to promote industrial development have not been implemented properly, like the interest rate subsidies are given to encourage capital structure in the industrial sector. However results showed that the policies to increase investment and industrial growth have not been able to achieve their desired objectives, showing that developing countries need not to abandon agriculture development completely to achieve industrial development. (Shida Rastegari Henneberr, Muhhamad Ehsan Khan, Kullapapruk Piewthongngam, 2000) This study basically proved that the role of institutions and bureaucracy is very vital in the rural development as they make and implement the right strategies that are required for development.
2.5 Skilled labor migration and rural development.
The article basically underlines the rural development projects and schemes that reduce rural-urban migration. According to the study equalized land or income distribution with increase in cultivatable land will lead to reduced rural urban migration. Whereas on the other hand easily access to cities, commercialize agriculture, increase in rural inequalities and education and skills disparity among rural urban stimulates migration. (Rhoda)
The basic approach taken by this research was to review migration theories and the empirical research, further establish rural-urban migration concerns and then evaluate the impacts of the migration on the rural development. The development strategies focused on agriculture development, provision of rural social services and off-farm employment. The study explains rural-urban migration as the household transfer from a predominantly agricultural area to area with mainly employment in non-agricultural activities. The definition did not distinguish between seasonal, temporary and permanent migration. Permanent migration is more of concern since it creates more problems for urban areas, however seasonal and temporary migration often lead to permanent migration.
The factors leading to migration in this study was economic opportunities and availability of friends in urban areas. The cost/benefit model indicated that rural development decreased both the costs and benefits of migration.
This research basically discusses rural-urban migration advantages and disadvantages. It also explains the costs and benefits of urbanization in Bolivia. According to the article, promoting rural-urban migration is one of the cheapest ways to reduce poverty in Bolivia as it is cheaper to facilitate basic services like electricity and health services to particular rural areas when compared to providing the facilities to vast areas of mountains or forest terrain is not only difficult but expensive also.
Although rapid rural-urban migration is known as a dilemma for majority of the developing countries, but this paper highlighted the case Bolivia to prove that for some developing countries it might be a solution to many problems, by promoting rural-urban migration with reasonable policies, it may be possible to lessen most of the problems faced by Bolivian economy. In order to curb with the problem of urbanization, this article suggested that the efficient city planning with the location of streets and public areas need to publish to public so that sensible houses are constructed.
2.6 Elements of intergenerational equity and justice in rural development.
2.7 State initiatives and rural planning in developing countries.
Development in rural areas is without doubt a risky business which has caused a challenging and highly varied task for the governments, NGOs and internatio


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Are you familiar with Grayscale Mode?
Grayscale mode is a simple feature that is useful for a variety of purposes. It effectively shifts colors into black and white tones with different saturations. Your screen would take on a similar feel to the monochrome TV. For one, this mode can potentially help those with colorblindness have an easier time looking at their PC. For those who want a different look to their display, it can be a welcome change.
For laptop users, switching to Grayscale can reduce their device's power consumption. As you might've guessed, with Grayscale Mode, your GPU will only render two colors instead of the usual 32-bit colors. Besides that, some users claim that Grayscale reduces eye weariness. It is also believed to improve focus (assuming your work doesn't rely on colors).
Enabling Grayscale Mode on your Windows PC is pretty straightforward.
How to Enable Grayscale Mode
- Hit the Windows key > type in Ease of Access Vision Settings > hit Enter. This will take you to the Display settings window.
- On the sidebar to the left of the window, click on Color Filters.
- On the right side, you should see an option to Turn on Color Filters. Enable it.
- Now, select your filters. Usually, Grayscale is the default option, so you won't have to search extensively for it.
Simple, right?
As a side note, Grayscale is not the only mode available for color filters. Additionally, there is a way to instantly toggle the color filters on and off using a keyboard shortcut.
Enable Grayscale Mode Using a Keyboard Shortcut
To use the hotkey on your Windows, you'll first need to activate it.
- From the same Color Filters window, click on the checkbox for Allow the Shortcut Key to Toggle Filter On or Off.
- After allowing the shortcut to enable or disable the filter, hold down Windows + Ctrl + C to instantly toggle Grayscale Mode on or off.
"My screen turned black and white all of a sudden. How do I fix that?"
This common problem is often caused by none other than the Grayscale Mode you inadvertently enabled using the keyboard shortcut. To turn the screen back to normal, you simply need to turn off color filters using the Windows + Ctrl + C shortcut or by altering the color filter settings mentioned above.
If you can't use your hotkey to disable color filters, make sure that the Allow the Shortcut Key to Toggle Filter On or Off is left unchecked.
Grayscale Mode is Great and All, but What About the Other Options?
Grayscale mode is not the only option visually impaired, and colorblind users may choose from. As mentioned before, there are other modes.
Grayscale Inverted is the filter that I personally recommend. It's practically the same as Grayscale Mode but with inverted colors, meaning the black tones will turn white and vice versa. This makes any text on a typical website appear white while the site background turns to black. This also reduces the amount of light coming from your monitor. It's a radical "Dark Mode" if you will.
Red-Green modes are perfect for those with reduced sensitivity to either green light or red light. On the other hand, Blue-Yellow mode is helpful to those who cannot distinguish between blue and yellow.
How to Enable Grayscale Mode by Editing the Registry
This method is more complicated to use and not entirely recommended, especially when you can simply enable Grayscale Mode with a keystroke. However, because the option exists, it's included in this article.
- Hit the Windows key > type in regedit > then hit Enter to open up the Registry Editor app.
- Navigate to: Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\ColorFiltering. To speed things up, you can simply copy and paste the path into the Registry Editor.
- On the right side of the window, create or edit the REG_DWORD values labeled Active and FilterType.
- Set the value for Active to 1 (enable) instead of 0 (disable).
- For FilterType, you can set its value to one of the following:
- 0 (Grayscale)
- 1 (Inverted)
- 2 (Grayscale inverted)
- 3 (Red-green (green weak))
- 4 (Red-green (red weak))
- 5 (Blue-yellow)
- After you've changed the values, sign out from your computer, then sign back in. You can also restart your computer.
That's probably all you will need to know about Grayscale Mode on Windows PC. Feel free to use other color filters as well to see which one suits you best!

subset: commoncrawl


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power and phone are out, and look like they'll stay out for the near
future. Honestly, the hardest thing for me about life without the
grid is an inability to blog. We've made it to town for a quick check in so that I can upload the masses of posts I've written while off the grid --- I've set them to autopost over the next couple of days so that you'll have something to read while we're out of touch.
Don't feel rejected if your comments don't show up until I return to the internet and if I don't respond to your emails. We're thinking of you, in between our efforts to stay warm and dry. Meanwhile, Happy Winter Solstice! Merry Christmas! And, if the electric company doesn't bring us back to the mainstream by then, Happy New Year! Many thanks also to Joey for letting you know we're alive and well.
Can't live without us? Download our microbusiness ebook and have some fun reading while waiting for us to come back.
|This post is part of our Two Weeks Without Electricity series.
Read all of the entries:
As much as it sucks to be incommunicado and without power (aside from the "Jenny") I'm sure there is some solace in the fact that you are well-prepared and have been honing your off grid living skills for several years now. I actually look forward to the first time the power/phone/roads go out for us so I can look at our fully-stocked, multi-colored pantry with dried and canned goods and our root cellar that doesn't need electricity to keep cool (but not freezing) and our chicken coop with fresh eggs, and our cords of firewood... then sit back in front of a warm fire so I can enjoy the feeling of security our hard work has won us.
Am I romanticizing? I'm sure I left out some stuff about soggy, wet socks and all...
PS: I know a certain "living off grid" blog that would make a perfect resource to which you could link from this article. (*ahem) LOL...
Seriously, I hope the two of you are safe and warm. Happy holidays!


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Hello there! Little man P and I have just returned home from a nice long visit to family back home on the east coast. While I'm hesitant to call my trip a "vacation" because of all the running around we did pretty much the entire time, it was definitely a ton of fun and super productive – especially when it came to DIY-ing!
Since my Mom aka Nanny (Nanny is what P calls my Mom but for the purpose of this post it might as well be used in the vocational sense as well, haha) was more than willing to help out with my stinky frog I had a lot of time to devote to working on several projects, all of which I'm excited to share with you! I'll start off by sharing these adorable bar signs that I whipped up using an $8.00 piece of wood. I actually ended up deviating from my original plan which was to attempt to create a DIY marquee bar sign but once I completed the painting part of the sign I chickened out on drilling the holes and inserting the lights because I thought it was super cute just the way it was (hopefully I can attempt the marquee sign soon though!) 🙂
As far as a tutorial goes I'll share the fonts (usually I find fun fonts via dafont.com but these particular fonts are all available in current versions of Microsoft Word!) that I used for the signs but for an actual how-to hop over to my DIY Hand-Painted Sign post for a step-by-step tutorial on how to create a hand painted sign without a Silhouette or Cricut. These signs will also be available as a set in my Etsy shop if you're looking to purchase something to spice up the look of your bar area or are in the market for a similar custom product (here is the link for this specific listing) 🙂
wood – 1 4'X1′ piece cut in half // paint – "Ultra White" and "Front Door Red" by Valspar // stain – "Jacobean" by Minwax // font for "bar" sign – "Bernard MT Condensed" // font for "eat, drink & be merry" sign – "Bernard MT Condensed", "Script MT Bold", "Algerian"


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"Pleasure is only a fleeting delight. Yea, pleasure quickly takes flight, and we cannot tie it down even for a few moments. For such is the destiny of human and sensible things: hardly do we possess them, and they escape us...They offer nothing solid or assured, nothing fixed or permanent. They flow away more rapidly... Continue Reading →
The true prisoner
"A prisoner of barbarians is bound in irons; a prisoner of the passions is bound with sadness." Evagrius Pontus, On The 8 Thoughts, Chapter 5, Tract 8. Let us see that slavery of the passions for what it truly is, slavery causing sadness.
Avarice as The Root of The Passions
"One who wishes to cut off the passions should cut out their root; for while avarice remains, there is no benefit in trimming the branches: whenever they are cut off they will immediately sprout again." Evagrius, On the Eight Thoughts, On Avarice, Chapter 2 Let us recall that for the Greek fathers, the passions are... Continue Reading →
Bring Your Thoughts Under the Control of Logos
"If reason (logos)... assumes control over such movements [the passions], each of them is transmuted to a form of virtue; for anger produces courage, terror-caution, fear-obedience, hatred-turning away from evil, the power of love the desire for what is truly beautiful; high-mindedness in our character raises our thought above the passions, and keeps it from... Continue Reading →
For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.
" I was not sent, he says, as the teacher Moses was, to condemn the world with the law or to introduce a command to convict people of sin. Nor do I do the ministry of a servant. Rather, I bring the love for humanity that befits the master. As Son and heir of the... Continue Reading →
And The World Did Not Know Him
"The theologian very quickly counters these things by saying, 'The world did not know him.' He does not say that he was at fault for being unknown. Let the world blame its own weakness. The Son enlightens, but the creature blunts the grace. The creature was loaned the sight to conceive of the one who... Continue Reading →
Let Us Always Hold God Near
"Prayer is beautiful, making distinct for the soul a notion of God. And the indwelling good is this -- holding God settled in oneself through the memory. We thus become temples of God whenever the continuity of our memory is not interrupted by earthly worries and whenever the mind is not disturbed by unforeseen passions.... Continue Reading →
Diagnosing The Problem
But the audacity of men, having regard not to what is expedient [ie good] and becoming, but to what is possible for it, began to do the contrary


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Black women already carried the weight of the world. Then Breonna Taylor happened
It helps sometimes to let despair go instead of lugging it around. Soulful singer Erykah Badu's words of caution — "You gone hurt your back, dragging all them bags like that" — foretold of days like these, when the burden of Black womanhood would be heavy.
The death of Breonna Taylor, followed by the controversial decision to not deliver an indictment in her death, was for many Black women another brick in a sack already filled with the weight of the world.
As ancient as time, Black women have shouldered more than what seems right or fair or just. In days long past their bodies were violated by their owners. They've nursed babies they didn't birth. They've been the help, dutifully invisible in crowded spaces. In high-rise meeting rooms, their passion has been called anger; they've not been assertive, but confrontational.
They've often been abandoned, left to raise children alone. Told they are too brash, too bold and too much to love. Standards of beauty have scoffed at them.
Their strength, both coveted and condemned.
Louisville police reforms:Are they enough to prevent another Breonna Taylor case?
But Black women have paid far more than an emotional tax.
A Washington Post database showed that since Jan. 1, 2015, 271 women have been killed by police in the line of duty; 49 were Black. A New York Times report in September of 2020 showed there were two cases in which officers were charged with murder or manslaughter in an on-duty shooting of Black women. One of those officers was acquitted. The other case is still pending.
No such charge is coming in the case of Taylor. Officer Brett Hankison, fired by the Louisville Metro Police Department, was indicted by a grand jury on three counts of first-degree wanton endangerment after he fired into the apartment of Taylor's neighbor. For the bullets striking Taylor? Nothing.
The outcome lands like a lead foot on a scale that often tips over for Black women.
Consider the wage gap for Black women in the workforce, where on average they earn 38% less than white men and 21% less than white women, according to a 2018 report by the Institute for Women's Policy Research.
Health inequities afflict Black women, too. While deaths from breast cancer are declining among all women, the mortality rate for Black women is still 40% higher than it is for white women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Black and Native American women are crippled with higher pregnancy-mortality rates, too. And more than 40% of Black women will experience domestic violence in their lifetime.
The data is dreadful. It's hard to escape the disparities confronted by Black women — none more disturbing in recent context than that dealt to 26-year-old Breonna Taylor on the night of March 13 when she was shot and killed by police, and the Sept. 23 afternoon in Louisville, Kentucky, when Attorney General Daniel Cameron announced there would be no charges forthcoming as it relates to Taylor's death.
Breonna's Law:In cities and states across the US, Breonna's Law is targeting deadly no-knock warrants
For Taylor's mother, Tamika Palmer, and her family, and for the protesters who marched unceasingly for months in Taylor's name, the decision was a sandbag sinking hearts to depths of the muddy Ohio River.
Black women have carried the weight and held up the walls. They've been the last line of defense between calamity and calm — in their homes, on their streets, in the souls of those who cling to them for dear life.
It takes its toll. And yet, there has never been a time when their strong arms and stronger spirits have not endured. There has never been a time when they've been able to "pack light," as Badu's "Bag Lady" admonishes.
If only Black women could lay their burdens down. It's a weary load.
Rana L. Cash is the executive editor of the Savannah Morning News and Georgia state director for USA TODAY Network.


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Finally free! – 2020.01.12
On a Sabbath Jesus was teaching in a synagogue…
Luke 13:10
… a woman was there who had been crippled by spirit for 18years. She was was bent over and could not straighten up at all. When Jesus saw her, He called her forward and spoke to her: "Woman, you are set free from your infirmity". And healing happened. The synagogue leader and other pious protested as it was Sabbath day. But Jesus replied: After such a long time of agony shouldn
t I make the woman well again? The woman and with her many others were overjoyed that she now could stand up straight again and look up to the sky. words were followed by deeds. As James says: faith without deeds is dead! The teachings of Jesus, which are far beyond human wisdom, are alive, change and set free!!!
The word that Jesus teaches is powerful!. His teachings are accompanied by miracles and signs. Today in the services I am mainly stuffed with theological interpretations and other smart words. When I am back home nothing has changed. However, Jesus
Some deny that there are evil spirits. Jesus, however, saw and commanded them. Some are of the opinion that God is not healing anymore today. They do not know God who still has the suffering of His children on His heart. He has not changed. He healed yesterday, heals today and tomorrow as well as He is a merciful Lord.
Since some time I often come in contact with people via email or facebook. I then realize that they are bound in some way and not protected against the devil
s work. It then happens that we enter into personal prayers via internet or on the phone. And often God reveals to me in which way the devil still have access to him. It could be that an ancestors satan cult or similar dangerous power is still influencing him. In this case one prays for releasement of bondage in the name of Jesus, asks for forgiveness, that a restored life is possible again for brother and sister. Yes, there are good results, thank God, healing occurs. One time when I asked a husband whether his wife is doing well he replied: She is singing again! – Hallelujah, the Lord still heals!
Thank You, Jesus, You are still the same and love your people. You want liberation from the yoke of the enemy. Yes, Lord, please use us that we proclaim loudly your name in which there is healing and salvation.


text: Cake smash photography Posted on February 10, 2017 by annawiecek 0 This beauty is turning one. She is so happy and sweet girl. We wish her the happiest of birthdays. Share this:Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Related


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Rams COO & Vice President Kevin Demoff has said that the team is not rebuilding and they have plenty of cap space to make some signings this off-season. Here is a list I have compiled of players the Rams should target on offense.
Matt Barkley (26 years old) – Chicago Bears UFA
The former Trojan star QB has gone from rock bottom to having a chance at salvaging his career. Now, Barkley needs to cut down on his turnovers since he did throw 14 interceptions, but he showed some promise if he gets the weapons around him, the right system and learns from his mistakes. He could start someday, but in this scenario I would be targeting him as a backup, especially if the Rams trade former third-round pick Sean Mannion.
Barkley made $595,588 this year for the Bears. He showed some poise and toughness which leads me to believe there is no reason he would be too expensive to backup Jared Goff next season.
Austin Davis (27 years old) – Denver Broncos UFA
Yes, the former Ram that the media started comparing too early to be the next Tom Brady or Kurt Warner. Austin Davis was a competitor for the Rams in 2014. He was the most exciting QB the Rams have had since probably Marc Bulger back when he was throwing to Isaac Bruce, Torry Holt and Kevin Curtis. Davis showed some serious promise, but he was a victim of Jeff Fisher's lack of knowledge on offense.
Davis bounced from the Cleveland Browns to the Denver Broncos as a backup. Fans may have turned on defense after he started turning the ball over in mass quantities later in the 2014 campaign, but they sure would have taken that performance at the beginning of 2014 this year. Davis would be an interesting backup for Goff. A return may not be likely, but he would come very cheap as he only made $1,250,000 last season.
Running Backs
Benny Cunningham (26 years old) – Los Angeles Rams UFA
I'm not a huge fan of letting go of a guy who looked better than our starting RB at times. Cunningham may not be a flashy or big name compared to Todd Gurley, but the man does his job. He is the best back on the team in pass protection and receiving. He has also showed promise as the best return man on the team.
Cunningham may end up not being a Ram next year, but the Rams would be wise to bring back a guy like this. He shouldn't cost too much since he only made $1,671,000 this year.
Andre Ellington (27 years old) – Arizona Cardinals UFA
A direct casualty and example of what happens to backs that are too small to carry the majority of the load. Ellington showed serious potential as an explosive piece early on in his career, but the emergence of third-round pick David Johnson has made Ellington the forgotten man.
If Cunningham is let go the Rams might want to bring in this back to help in the passing game. With Gurley as the bigger bell cow type, Ellington could come in as a change of pace like Tre Mason was supposed to be. Ellington only made $565,966 last year and was barely used to begin with. He would be a very cheap steal of a pickup for the Rams.
Latavius Murray (25 years old) – Oakland Raiders UFA
This back is one of my favorites in the league. He had a rough year, but 2015 showed us exactly what he is capable of. A signing of Murray would definitely send a message from the front office that they are worried about Gurley or have lost at least some confidence in him.
Murray according to Spotrac averages out as a 3.3 million dollar a year type of player which the Rams could fit in their budget. At 25 years old if the Rams had another bad year out of Gurley they could pull the plug and use the insurance with Murray.
Wide Receivers
Kenny Britt (28 years old) – Los Angeles Rams UFA
The Rams obviously need to bring back their first 1,000 yard receiver since Torry Holt, but does he want to come back? Britt was brought in by Jeff Fisher who previously coached him in Tennesse on a prove-it deal. Britt has really proved it since, but now that Fisher is gone it remains to be seen if he will stay.
It's the right move to re-sign Britt, but the Rams might have shot themselves in the foot with the Tavon Austin contract extension that will surely shoot his market value through the roof. The good news is Spotrac's projected mark value leaves Britt at an affordable 6.7 million annually. If that's the case a re-signing of Britt is a no-brainer.
Pierre Garcon (30 years old) – Washington Redskins UFA
I am not a huge fan of Garcon, but there is no doubt he had an impressive year going over 1,000 yards and playing all 16 games for Sean McVay's offense. McVay, who has been mentioned many times by us at Downtown Rams is one of the HC candidates for the Rams. If McVay comes on board this signing of Garcon would not be shocking.
Garcon since he is two years older than Britt with similar production would likely command around five million annually. He is a veteran presence who could help a young QB like Goff. His teammate DeSean Jackson who is also a free agent might be a little too injury prone to consider.
Andre Holmes (28 years old) – Oakland Raiders UFA
There isn't much to say about Holmes. He hasn't really had much of a chance being buried on the Raiders depth chart, but as the playoff game versus the Texans showed. He is reliable and can make plays when he gets a chance to.
Holmes would be real cheap since he barely has production to speak of. He would also make for a nice red-zone option.
Alshon Jeffery (26 years old) – Chicago Bears UFA
Perhaps if the Rams are really serious about developing Goff, they could grab him an elite big bodied WR he could grow with. Alshon Jeffery is who I, and many others wanted over Brian Quick, but with that being said there is still a chance. It really depends on how much the Rams are willing to allocate to their WR's.
Jeffery according to Spotrac could command 11.5 million average annually. The Rams likely wouldn't be able to keep Britt if this were the case, but Jeffery is young and is arguably better than Britt to begin with. Mike Groh who is the passing game coordinator at the moment knows him well and if he's given another chance to stay with the Rams (as he should) there is a possibility Groh lures Jeffery to Los Angeles.
Cordarrelle Patterson (25 years old) – Minnesota Vikings UFA
Another WR who doesn't have a ton of production is the former Junior College to Tennesse transfer star. Patterson is intriguing because he should also be a somewhat cheap option and he's very young. You could argue Patterson is a slow developer and perhaps is close to finally becoming what many thought he could be. Even if the Rams don't think he has a future at WR he could definitely be a cheap option to be the returner. Patterson is arguably the best in the game at that and for a team that hasn't had a kick returned for a TD in years, Patterson would be a new change to that trend.
Terrelle Pryor (27 years old) – Cleveland Browns UFA
I love Jeffery, but Pryor is also a very intriguing option and he's likely to be cheaper than Jeffery without much drop-off. In his first season as a full-time starting WR he accrued over 1,000 yards with five different QB's.
Pryor according to Spotrac is projected to make 9.1 million annually per his market value average this free agency. That is definitely do-able for the Rams if they miss out on the Jeffery sweepstakes.
Offensive Tackles
Andrew Whitworth (35 years old) – Cincinnati Bengals UFA
This tackle right here is ranked no.2 per PFF and he's going to be a free agent. Yes, he's 35, but he would make for a perfect plug-in-play Pro Bowler protecting Goff's blindside. Whitworth because of his age would be a decent value type signing.
The Rams should be interested in the combination of signing Whitworth and drafting a franchise LT to learn behind Whitworth. Greg Robinson is clearly not getting any better so they may need to draft a new LT in hopes Robinson can move to guard.
Matt Kalil (27 years old) – Minnesota Vikings UFA
Here's another former first rounder from Minnesota that hasn't quite lived up to the pick, but Kalil is solid and for a team that doesn't have anything to help protect Goff's blindside. Kalil would make a lot of sense. He wouldn't be too expensive and he's still young. Whitworth might prefer going to a title contender over the Rams question mark of a situation. If that's the case Kalil would be a good backup plan.
Offensive Guards
Ronald Leary (27 years old) – Dallas Cowboys UFA
Leary has played well in Dallas' historic offensive line. Leary has continued to improve every year and at 27, could still give the Rams some good years until they find a premier guard in the draft or they develop someone on the roster.
Leary isn't a need, but he's likely not going to be too expensive and the fit is there. With La'el Collins on-hand it's likely Dallas lets Leary walk in free agency anyway.
Kevin Zeitler (26 years old) – Cincinnati Bengals UFA
Zeitler and Whitworth aren't both going to escape Cincinnati, there is no way the Bengals can allow that to happen. Zeitler might get slapped with the franchise tag, but if he's available and the Rams find the need to move on from Saffold and use the cap savings to splurge on Zeitler.
Zeitler is considered a top five guard in the league and with the problems the Rams had on the offensive line they might find the need to grab the best guard on the market.
Matt Paradis (27 years old) – Denver Broncos UFA
So Matt Paradis is someone you probably have never heard of. He's the best center in the league according PFF and if you turned on a Broncos game he sure earned that title. Too bad the rest of the NFL disagrees. Paradis wasn't invited to the Pro Bowl, but he is definitely a Pro Bowl caliber player.
The former sixth-round pick broke out in a big way this season and he's likely to receive a huge deal. This has got to be the year the Rams finally find their center. Tim Barnes hasn't cut it and that's an understatement. Paradis would be a huge step in the right direction towards fixing this offensive line. Paradis is a mean mauler the Rams have needed for awhile now to help out the run game.
J.C. Tretter (25 years old) – Green Bay Packers UFA
The cheaper option would be J.C. Tretter. He finished as a top 10 center in the league for the Packers this season. He is two years younger and since the Packers have Corey Linsley it's quite possible the Packers let Tretter walk. Tretter would be a huge upgrade at center for the Rams and would be likely cheaper than Paradis.
Bottom line for the Rams is that Tim Barnes can't be starting in 2017. Tretter or Paradis would make waves of improvement for the worst OL in the league.


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Amid all the talk about the social enterprise and acquisitions in the space, IBM is often overlooked. The reality is that IBM and its Connections software, which launched in 2007, is the leader in the market, according to IDC.
Given the IDC data, it's worth catching up with IBM's Jeff Schick, vice president of social software. In between working with the likes of PepsiCo, TD Bank and a bevy of others, Schick also pops up on the Howard Stern radio show on Sirius.
via IBM's social enterprise plan: Meld collaboration, processes with dash of Watson | ZDNet.


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Those Breakfast Potatoes get flawlessly crispy inside the oven and are a awesome addition to breakfast or brunch! Made with easy substances and wonderfully pro.
Breakfast Potatoes are perfect brunch meals, and this recipe makes sufficient to serve a crowd! The toughest part is reducing the greens, after that it's pretty hands off.
Make beforehand option
You have a few alternatives for make-beforehand with this recipe:
- You may really prepare them ahead of time by dicing all the veggies, and including to a included bowl or massive ziplock bag with the rest of the components in a single day. Then within the morning, preheat the oven, dump into the pan and bake.
- Prepare the potatoes as directed along with baking, then save inside the fridge. while geared up to serve, warmth in an oiled skillet till heat and crispy. you could also reheat them in an air fryer or the oven.
- 5 pounds red potatoes, diced small
- 1 medium onion, chopped
- 1 red bell pepper, seeded and chopped
- 1 green bell pepper, seeded and chopped
- 5 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 3/4 teaspoon smoked paprika
- 1 teaspoon salt
- Preheat the oven to 425 degrees F. Lightly spray a large rimmed pan (or two) with oil.
- In a large bowl, combine the diced potatoes, onions, bell peppers, garlic, olive oil, smoked paprika and salt. Toss well until they are coated in olive oil.
- Add the vegetables to the pan(s) and arrange in an even layer.
- Bake for 45-60 minutes, stirring a little every 15 minutes, until the potatoes are golden brown in places. Use a metal spatula to scrape the potatoes from the pan, this will help with any sticking.
- Serve with additional salt + pepper, to taste.


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The Study notification module allows you to implement different listeners that will be triggered by specific events.
Upon being triggered the event will do one of the following:
- Send an email to specified email addresses (Does not have to be SMART-TRIAL users)
- or a HTTP POST to a specified endpoint
The notification will send an email or a POST to the endpoint every time the notification is triggered.
You can enable study notifications when creating your study or by clicking on "Edit study" in the study overview.
When setting up a notification, you must give it a name, select a trigger, specify if it should send an email or a webhook. Depending on the trigger, you will have the option of adding additional information, or only have it trigger for specific data events.
The table below describes which triggers are available, and which additional information can be included in the email or the webhook.
|Info for EMAIL
|Info for WEBHOOK
|Amendment is finished
|User email
|Study Id, User email,
|Subject is enrolled
|User email
|Site database Id, Study Id, Enrollment Id, User email
|AE/SAE report created
|User email, AE report id
|Site database Id, Study Id, Enrollment Id, User email, AE id
|Query is created by the system
|Data event Name, Form Name, Comment/Query text
|Site Id, Study Id, EnrollmentId, Data event Name, Form Name, Comment/Notification text
|Randomization blind is broken
|User email, randomization id, reason for unblind, unblind time
|User email, study id, site id, enrollment id, randomization id, reason for unblind, unblind time
|Subject is randomized
|User email, randomization Id
|Site database Id, Study Id, Enrollment Id, User email, Randomization Id
|Data event has expired
|data event name, Time of expiration,
|enrollment id, data event name, site id, Time of expiration, study id
|Reminder sent
|data event name, Time of reminder sent,
|enrollment id, site id, data event name, Time of reminder sent, study id
User email, is the email of the person performing the action, and thereby triggering the notification.
Note: The ids available for webhooks (site, study, enrollment) are long strings of characters, and not meant for humans to read. They are unique identifiers in SMART-TRIAL and are meant to be used with out API to automate actions.
Notifications will always include the following information:
- Subject id (unless trigger = amendment)
- Randomisation id (only for randomisation related notifications)
- Study name
- Site name
- Study notification name (for email)
You can create as many study notifications as you would like. E.g. you can have both "Subject is enrolled" and "Subject is randomized" setup.


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"My love for writing to you, brings us so much closer together." Clarabelle
Castaway troubles
live in the light
beauty is being
sunny and bright.
Now is your chance
to forgive and move on
your rainbow of love
awakens a new dawn.
When midnight calls
and dark skies appear
remember your strength
why you are here.
Your future is glowing
shining from your heart
tomorrow brings treasures
but today you must start.
By Clarabelle
15 October 2021
London, UK


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|Article number:
|In stock
|Delivery time:
|5-7 Business Days
The "Love My Dog" sculptural figure of a small dog lying down is a special and meaningful gift for any dog lover. A white dog in a relaxed pose, makes a great gift for anyone who recently got a new pet or recently lost one.
Size: 1.25"H x2.875"W x1.0"D


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Product Details
NATIVE AMERICAN CREW NECK SWEATSHIRT- "Dragon Fly Dreams"
Goods are usually shipped within 1-2 Business Days.
Majority of orders are shipped same day.
Free Shipping on all ADULT T-shirts and Sweatshirt.
The material is really really. good. It's considered a middle weight sweatshirt and will work in multiple seasons. Cool Summer nights, Layering in the Winter and perfect for Fall and Spring days. We know you're going to love the material
Our crewneck sweatshirt is made with midweight fabric, generous spec and quality construction. This crew is a timeless design.
- 8.5 oz (280 gm) cotton/polyester blend fleece
- Grey Heather: 75% Cotton/25% Polyester
- Split stitch double needle sewing on all seams
- Twill neck tape
- Tear away neck label
- 1x1 ribbing at collar, cuffs and waistband
- standard fit
We are a 100% Native American own company.
Shipping & Returns
Returns Policy
We want you to be completely satisfied. If you get your product and you're not happy, you may return the product as long as its in the original packaging and hasn't been worn.
Free Shipping on orders of 2 shirts or more. You are free to pay for express shipping Free shipping is available for the CONUS.
Native American Sweatshirt ...


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Long distance cruising on Tapini
by Mercedes Webb-Pullman
We ran the yacht's diesel for an hour
morning and evening.
Everything on the water was important.
But we moved
to our own private Montana,
high on a mountain river near
drought-stricken Numeralla.
Lynchy on his crazy mare
popped up above high tussock.
she's bucking and kicking but he's still on
you called as they vanished again
then you were gone too.
I dreamed about Tapini last night,
when we bought her and learned to sail.
I dreamed we cruised to Lizard Island
as we'd always planned, and loved it
and we were still there.
PHOTO: Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia).
NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR: My husband and I bought a yacht, a 40' steel hull multi-chined cutter rigged bilge keeler, built specifically for cruising the Whitsunday Passage. We learned to sail, and planned our perfect holiday, cruising the Australian Great Barrier Reef. But things happened, we moved inland and sold the yacht. Then our marriage fell apart. That was 30 years ago. Last week I dreamed of him, and the yacht, and how happy we were, once. It was awful to wake up, and not be there on Lizard Island with him.
Mercedes Webb-Pullman graduated from IIML Victoria University Wellington with MA in Creative Writing in 2011. Her poems and the odd short story have appeared online and in print, in Turbine, 4th Floor, Swamp, Reconfigurations, The Electronic Bridge, poetryrepairs, Connotations, The Red Room, Silver Birch Press, Otoliths, among others, and in her books. She lives on the Kapiti Coast, New Zealand.
PHOTO: The author on vacation in New Orleans in 2011, about to drink her first Hurricane at Pat O'Briens. Cheers!


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Food and nutrient limitation can have negative effects on survival, fecundity, and lifetime fitness of individuals, which can ultimately limit populations. Changes in trophic dynamics and diet patterns, affected by anthropogenic environmental and landscape change, are poorly understood yet may play an important role in population regulation. We determined diets of Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina), a Neotropical migratory songbird species sensitive to urbanization, and explored how brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) may be related to Wood Thrush nestling diets. Effects of brood parasitism on host nestling diets is an understudied stressor that may help explain observed population declines. We measured carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes of 7 invertebrate food sources (snails, spiders, isopods, earthworms, myriapods, insects, and caterpillars), blood plasma from adult male and female Wood Thrushes and from Wood Thrush nestlings in nests with and without Brown-headed Cowbird nestlings. Wood Thrush diet compositions were largely composed of high calcium (Ca) foods (51–62%, 95% highest density intervals [HDI]), including snails, isopods, and myriapods, as well as spiders (23–33%, 95% HDI). Caterpillars were the least common food item in Wood Thrush diets (0.01–3 %, 95% HDI). Wood Thrush nestling diets in nests without Brown-headed Cowbirds contained greater proportions of Ca-rich foods and spiders compared to the diet of nestlings in parasitized nests. Our data demonstrate that Wood Thrushes preferred Ca- and protein-rich foods, which may have important implications for adult survival and fecundity as well as nestling nutrition and development. Our results suggest that brood parasitism is related to host nestling diet, which could have potentially negative effects on developing nestlings through nutritional stress that may in turn affect survival, fecundity, and ultimately limit population growth.
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Vol. 132 • No. 3
July 2015


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BB gun bill to redefine virtual school discipline policies gains momentum in Louisiana
A bill spawned by the suspension of a Louisiana fourth-grader because his teacher saw the student's BB gun while he was participating in virtual learning at home won approval from a Senate panel Monday.
Ka'Mauri Harrison, a 9-year-old Jefferson Parish student, was initially recommended for expulsion before his punishment was reduced to a six-day suspension after he moved a BB gun out of the way of his younger brother while Ka'Mauri was taking a test online.
House Bill 83's author Rep. Troy Romero, R-Jennings, Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry and thousands of supporters on social media rallied behind Harrison.
Romero's bill would require school districts to create new discipline policies to apply to virtual learning and allow students and families to appeal school suspensions to the school board. Only expulsions can be appealed to school boards now.
On the ballot:Louisiana abortion amendment, sports betting on ballot: Here's what they mean
High school football:Legislature inserts politics into high school football with latest bill
Ka'Mauri's father Nyron Harrison said the principal "told me they were treating Ka'Mauri's situation as if he had brought a gun to school; that my home is an extension of the school," he said. "I felt like it wasn't the same thing.
"I thank God I had common sense and stood by my son. This bill is tremendous. It not only gets my son's record cleared; it's big for everybody. I hope the bill is passed and no other child's family is having to deal we what we're dealing with."
Ka'Mauri kept it simple while saying he hoped to play basketball when he grows up and noted his favorite player is LeBron James of the Los Angeles Lakers.
"Thank you for helping kids like me," he told the committee.
Ka'Mauri Harrison was a hit with lawmakers.
"You're an impressive fellow," said Sen. Beth Mizell, R-Franklinton. "I wanted to tell you I have ice cream in my office."
Virtual schooling reveals unanticipated problems
Landry's solicitor general Liz Murrill testified in favor of the bill on behalf of the attorney general.
"This addresses a problem none of us would have anticipated (before the COVID-19 pandemic prompted an expansion of virtual learning from home); that all policies at school would apply to the home," Murrill said. "We're asking (districts) to revise policies and think about what they need to be when applied to the house."
"I thank the bill's namesake — Ka'Mauri Harrison — who has shown courage and maturity well beyond his years," Landry said in a statement.
Student testing:Louisiana ACT scores decline for third year
The full House has already granted unanimous passage of what would be known as the Ka'Mauri Harrison Act if it passes the Legislature and is signed into law by Gov. John Bel Edwards.
Wes Watts of the Louisiana Association of School Superintendents and a representative of the Jefferson Parish School District spoke against the bill.
Watts said allowing appeals of suspensions could create a bottleneck that could overwhelm school boards.
The bill next moves to the full Senate to for debate.
Greg Hilburn covers state politics for the USA TODAY Network of Louisiana. Follow him on Twitter @GregHilburn1.


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Where your work meets your life. See more from Ascend here.
Female rivalry happens when a woman uses her power to keep another woman down, mistreats her, or competes unfairly. Here are a few of my own experiences:
- I was told by my manager not to speak up or ask questions in meetings.
- A colleague plagiarized my work in a white paper and took credit for my comments.
- When I confided in a peer about a difficult client, she told my boss I was "having trouble building relationships."
As women, it's common that we internalize what's happening and blame ourselves. Early in my career, I had never heard of female rivalry. Over time, I learned to distance myself from women who mistreated me, and did not trust or confide in them. Eventually I realized that their behavior was about them and not about me.
My experience is not unique. When I began writing my book Female Firebrands, I interviewed 13 mid-career professional women and 10 younger women aged 17 to early 30s. I read extensively about women at work including what they value, how they're perceived, and the role social norms and everyday sexism play in holding women back. For instance, I found that both women and men judge women more harshly when they speak. Or, that even when both women and men are mentored, men are still promoted at a higher rate.
One thing I learned through my research was that women invite and value healthy competition – fighting fairly for a job, project, or promotion. But a big driver of female rivalry is the concept of "one seat at the table." A young woman I met recently had applied for a transfer and wasn't selected. She heard that the team already had one woman on it and "didn't want another." She was so frustrated she left that company for one that was more inclusive. Not everyone has the luxury to do this, but voting with her feet increased her own confidence and improved her situation.
The precept of "one seat at the table" comes from a belief that diversity is mandated, but not useful. In fact, there's extensive evidence that more diverse teams perform better, are more innovative, produce more revenue, and higher profits. When women adopt this scarcity mindset and fight amongst themselves, it holds all women back. If a woman wants to get ahead, the better course is to champion the women around her, resulting in more opportunities and increased success for all.
Women can and do internalize patriarchal messages that women are not as strong, competent, and capable as men. This is known as internalized sexism. Women unconsciously absorb beliefs about their rightful place, and those messages show up in how women judge each other. That can lead women to mistreat, underestimate, and distance themselves from other women in order to increase their power and standing among men. In addition, successful leadership has long been defined by men. With few women role models, professional women have emulated men in order to find acceptance and get ahead.
Uncover your own hidden biases by asking yourself these questions:
- Do you judge other women for choices that you wouldn't personally make?
- Do you criticize women for minor transgressions and forgive men for major ones?
- Do you make excuses for men's behavior as "just the way it is"?
- Do you compete more than you collaborate with your female colleagues?
Actions You Can Take to Break the Cycle of Female Rivalry
- Help women through mentorship, advocacy, and creating opportunities. You can redefine how women interact at work by proving there's room for many. If you see a woman struggling, don't judge her. Ask how you can help. Share information about how you've succeeded on projects, and how you've effectively built relationships.
- Amplify other women: That is, reinforce their ideas and suggestions in meetings to increase their chance of being heard. If a woman is interrupted in a meeting, ask her to finish her thought. That way, she gets the floor and you didn't have to call anyone out.
- Give women credit for their ideas, contributions, and accomplishments. Publicly praise women who do well — in meetings, over email, and even in casual settings.
- If you have skills or knowledge that's in high demand, host a brown bag lunch and invite other women to join you. If that feels like too much work, start a book group where women can get to know each other and build relationships. The informal friendships women build serve them well back in the more formal work setting.
- Join forces with other women to ask for what you collectively need at work. Working together is a proven way to influence leaders and effect change. Join your company's employee resource group (ERG). Use your ERG to discuss issues that affect women, and brainstorm solutions to share with your sponsor. If your company doesn't have a forum for women, start one yourself.
- Do not talk badly about other women, gossip, or throw them under the bus. If you have constructive feedback for another woman, share it with her directly and respectfully. Talk to her, not about her.
- If you overhear a sexist joke or comment, don't let it go. Even a phrase like "I didn't find that funny" or "What did you mean by that?" disrupts inappropriate behavior. It's so much easier for you to do this when the comment isn't directed at you.
- Use company suggestion boxes and leader Q&A sessions to raise issues that affect women, and encourage others to do the same. I worked at one company where an anonymous question about insufficient maternity leave led to a complete overhaul and much more generous time off for mothers.
- Stop expecting more from female versus male bosses, peers, and direct reports. Stop judging women, including yourself, using a double standard. Assume best intentions, and if their behavior doesn't make sense to you, get curious.
- Learn from those who have been working longer than you. Reach out to your more experienced female peers, talk to them about the battles they've faced, and what they've had to overcome. They will appreciate your asking.
If you've already "made it," don't unintentionally haze other women by putting them through the same challenges you faced over the course of your career. Send the elevator back down!
- Offer to mentor women around you by signing up with your company's mentoring program. If your company doesn't have a program, start one or set up informal mentor meetings over coffee or lunch.
- Consider a mentoring circle where you can mentor one-to-many.
- Post office hours where women can come to you for advice. So many women just need a sounding board or someone to confide in.
- Make it a point to know the high-potential women around you so that you can advocate for them when it's time for promotions and pay increases.
As painful as female rivalry is, it represents only a fraction of my professional relationships. The key is learning to recognize unhealthy relationships. If you can't change your situation, you can still spot the signs. Seek out confident women who value you; women who want to be your mentor or sponsor. Find women who are not threatened by you, who appreciate you, and want you to succeed. I can guarantee you they're out there.


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Food & Wine
Rome by Night with Dinner
This charming evening tour combines a typical Italian dinner in a traditional restaurant accompanied by local wines with a panoramic evening tour of Rome. Experience the beauty of the Eternal City by night as you pass by a host of famous and important illuminated monuments.
Rome Wine Tasting
An excellent pre-dinner treat, sample some fine wines typical of the Lazio region and an inviting selection of regional cheeses, premium salami and succulent hams in a traditional wine bar in the heart of Rome.
Rome Highlights - Small Group Walking Tour
Explore the eternal city's most iconic monuments, squares, fountains and movie locations on an afternoon walking tour that will evoke the spirit of Fellini's ultra glamourous masterpiece. Taste typical Italian espresso at a local coffee roasters, learn about local Roman wine and cheese and taste the...
Pasta-Making Class
Feel like a local as an Italian chef welcomes you to a private loft, teaching you how to make pasta from scratch - while sampling wines and starters depending on the season. Enjoy the meal you cooked on the rooftop terrace. With small groups of only 14 people or fewer (and a few glasses of wine) it ...
Rome Pizza and Gelato Making Class
Enjoy two Italian staples in a single experience: pizza and gelato. Form your own pizza dough topped with tomato sauce, cheese, and whatever else you'd like (though nothing beats the classics) for mouthwatering flavor you can only achieve here in Italy.


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As a parent, you're probably stressed out about the back to school season. There are so many changes and no two school districts are handling the reopening of schools the same way. Your school district may be offering a hybrid model of virtual and in-person classes, while the district next door is returning to full-time in-person classes, and then the next school district over is offering virtual learning full time.
Each no two school districts reopening in the same way, many parents are running around trying to figure out the best option for their kids. Since parents are stressing out, their kids are also feeling many strong emotions such as stress or anxiety.
Today we're going to chat a bit about the signs to look for so that you can determine how anxious your kid is about returning to school and how to help offset this anxiety.
They're Irritable
If your kid is showing signs of irritability such as being grumpy more often than not, they may be anxious about returning to school. Irritability in kids may appear to be defiance, yelling, or tantrums. These are all signs that something is bothering your kids so you'll want to try to discuss emotions with them and see if they can open up about what's making them act so out of the norm.
Routines Are Nonexistent
Your kids have had to adjust to so many changes over the course of six months, that they may seem scattered and unable to focus. Your kids may be having a difficult time falling asleep or waking up more frequently throughout the night. These are signs of anxiety and are caused by overthinking about all of the changes they've encouraged the last six months as they start to acclimate to the new norm of this back to school season.
Avoiding Typically Fun Activities
You may find that your kids are avoiding activities that they typically enjoyed. They may be reluctant to enjoy outdoor play, talking with friends, or playing games they otherwise would enjoy. This happens frequently with kids who are suffering from anxiety. Try not to be pushy about this situation with your kids, rather be creative with getting your kids engaged with activities they otherwise enjoyed so that they can start getting their minds redirected away from their anxious feelings.
When it comes to learning the signs that your kids are anxious about returning to school, it's all a matter of keeping a close eye on unusual questions or behaviors that arrive with your kid. Do your best to be understanding and compassionate when trying to help your kids through their anxious thoughts.


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Today I took my middle son, one of the twins who is Autistic, with me to run some errands early this morning.
I did my usual commute to town which is about 30 minutes away. I went through the drive thru and grabbed an iced coffee, went to our pharmacy for medications & then I grabbed some breakfast.
As I was in the last drive thru for the morning (which was crazy long), I started to ponder to myself. Wow it's so quiet in this car.
I thought back from home to all the places we had been and there was zero conversation. Just pure silence.
I started going down the rabbit hole of why can't my son talk to me? Will I ever hear his voice? What is he thinking about this past few hours?
And then, the tears came down. I don't cry often about the disability itself. Sometimes I'll cry about the future. But not as often as I used to.
Today hit me hard. Like a ton of bricks fell on the car while in that drive thru line. So I started talking. I rambled about nothing. But I realized that I was so used to not having a conversation with him that I stopped talking.
So, I talked. I told him momma loves him. I told him about the drive thru line. I asked him what his favorite show on the tablet was. I sang songs to him.
And nothing. Not a word. Not a look. Not an acknowledgment.
So, I reached back to his seat and grabbed his chunky, sweet little foot. And he looked at me. And I knew he knew I was there for that second.
We started on our way home and I felt my way back again and held his foot and he looked up and then back down at his tablet and I knew even though we were in silence, as long his momma had her hand on him, he knew I was there.
These are the hard days of Autism for a momma heart. Even though he doesn't know what the word momma means, or maybe that I am his momma, he still knows I'm his comfort and his peace and for that I'll always be grateful for.


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Hamish in Harris – and beyond!
2017 has started with a whirl of activity and possibilities. I have just returned to Harris after a week in... View more
Winter in Harris
Winter in Harris can be long and harsh, but also stunningly beautiful. Towards the winter solstice, full daylight only lasts... View more
From The Angel to Fairies
Hello, and welcome to the new blog from us here at The Hebridean Design Company. Over the coming weeks and... View more


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4 very different tracks this week from rock and roll to shoegazey indie, as usual it's a mixed bag but all have occupied my playlists a lot over the recent weeks. There is also January's playlist on here too, full of new, old and everything inbetween.
Money – Hold Me Forever
A slow, ambient and building start of minimal sounds backing up the falsetto vocal. The drums pitter patter and the guitar quietly sits alongside everything else. With such epic sounds coming from the simplicity of the music it leaves the vocals drenched in emotion to really take centre stage and portray its story. A completely beautiful track.
Roaming Son – History of Violence
A band from Sheffield making a name for themselves for all the right reasons or better known as Roaming Son. With their 50's sound, rock and roll vocals, wonderful rockabilly guitars and plenty of rhythm, these are a band you should be listening to and getting to know. After a great 2013, this year is surely set to be even better for them, be sure to check out my new music post on the band to find out all you need to know about Sheffield's finest, Roaming Son.
Haim – Don't Save Me
I've included Haim in playlists and tracks of the week posts so much you probably think I just repeat myself but it's just because they are so goddamn good that I can not stop listening to them. I bought their album finally at the beginning of the year and I've had it on repeat ever since. I love those girls, their music, style and attitude and I can't see that changing any time soon.
George Ezra – Cassy O'
A lovely, folky upbeat tune for the latest single from Sound of 2014's 5th place act, George Ezra. His vocals on this track sound so mature and full of bravado with such a wonderful tone. The acoustic guitar is fast, melodic and sets quick rhythm that is bound to get people dancing at his live shows. Another brilliant single available to download now and is taken from Ezra's new EP of the same name which is released on March 16th.
Just arriving on time on the very last day of January, my first monthly playlist of 2014 is here and with that also the scary realisation that we are now very nearly in the second month of this year already! When the hell did that happen?! Anyway, below is January's playlist, it's a nice mix of stuff to start this year off with and I hope you enjoy it.


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We earned reliable and trustable relationship with our customers that make us standard among the other digital agencies.
Geo Lizenz is an SEO/Digital Marketing agency that provides a wide range of services related to SEO and digital marketing.


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The maker of Marlboro cigarettes has held early talks to buy the Canadian marijuana company Cronos in what would be the first major takeover of a pot producer by a big tobacco group, according to people briefed on the discussions.
A takeover of Cronos by Altria amid spreading decriminalisation would rank among the largest investments in the budding pot industry. Shares in Cronos, which grows and distributes cannabis, climbed 14 per cent in New York on Monday to $10.39, giving the Canadian company a market capitalisation of $1.9bn.


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The Great Street-style Moments from Fashion Month Autumn 2022
Global four big fashion weeks for Autumn/Winter 2022/2023 have come to an end. During that period, we can see many featured showgoers come and go with their looks. Whatever in the door or outside the runways, there always brings some unexpectedly brilliant eye-candy parirings. Herein, let's take a moment to reflect on the stunning street style moments outside the fashion weeks of this season. The street-style crowds go for their best looks in this season.


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This positing is for all those who spoke with the AIRBORNE Recruiting Team at the 01/23/2020 NAA Career Fair.
Please complete the application process and upload your current resume, should your resume change at any moment feel free to send an updated version to the recruiting team via email at email@example.com
We value our partnership with the National Aviation Academy and look forward to possibly working with their students and alumni.
AIRBORNE Recruiting Team
Elizabeth Aspuria – HR Generalist – 813.322.9600 x9560
Frank Phillips – Recruiting Representative – 813.322.9600 x9667
Michelle Coleman – HR Admin / Recruiter – 813.322.9600 x9610
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Loving you is child's play,
Your world I fall into smoothly,
A crossing, of lines unstoppable
You are the soft place I come
To let my inhibitions melt away.
No subterfuge, no masks, no facade,
Stripped bare, naked, open,
I stand before you, my truth extended,
Given, reining in fear, attempting
To be a pure delight, plain spoken.
Hoping you are willing, able to
Present yourself likewise, dressed
In all conditions the same
As in my arms, you find yourself
Comfortably at home with me.
© Jo Ann J. A. Jordan
As a prompt, think of a feeling that is so easy to slip into that you never question how you arrive and create something to express it.
Thank you for visiting Haphazard Creative. If you desire, follow the site, or come again when able. I hope you are having a delightful week. Be open to pleasantness and it will no doubt find you. God Bless.


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Thanks to GA Tech for offering this great looking program. Also, I appreciate your administration. They got me all siked up for a logic test [fun] & a follow-up phone interview. I'm cool with any of it. Is just like an interview – with more humor and personality.
What is up with that? The course is 24 weeks with 10 hrs in-class learning. That's 240 hrs instruction.
9,500 / 240 ~ $40 per hour
$396 per week
But payment plan is generous. [sarcasm] Pay down 2,500 in two weeks. Then $1,167/mo for 6 months. *that is $271/wk*. How generous to extend aid on your program that would run around $634 per credit hours — 15 credit hours — 10 class room hours/wk.
Edit 12_11_2016
I guess i did also mention in my phone interview that I bought a website. To see how it works and to have a coding challenge. Maybe he's looked at my site. I did use my undercutsyou@gmail email address. As a coder, geek, etc. – he could connect those dots.
And great if he does. It's not my place in the interview to talk bad about the prices; here is the place. It'd be great for him to see how outrageous the prices are. They're a hair cheaper than SCAD. That's definitely crazy in that case. But it does hopefully come with connections AND if you do walk out with a 60k job like he tried to practically [1] promise me; then it is worth it. I'd say it is well worth it, in that case. But for me, in the present, $9,500 to pay over six months (with 2,500 down in two weeks) is totally out of the question.
This will be fantastic if I can get an extra 8 bucks an hour–like I should be earning. I could afford it then.
- this is 224/wk after tax
- [the class is $271/wk]
- this leaves 47/wk that I have currently freed up
Heck! This is an investment to what may become a key piece of knowledge to get to my final goal. Coding, that is. If this program helps me get that knowledge one day, it will be worth every penny of 10k!
[1] depending that one keeps up, performs well, and has the innate capability and mindset to full fill the role. Which I'm sure I can handle–assuming I find the work interesting; that is key.


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