text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 30, 1975
|Filing date
|Sep 16, 1974
|Priority date
|Sep 16, 1974
|Publication number
|Wesberg Alex
|Original Assignee
|Wesberg Alex
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (11), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Wesberg Dec. 30, 1975 [54] COMBINED HEEL POSITIONER AND ARCH 2,123,730 7/1938 Huttleston 128/595 X S O FOR THE FOOT 2,177,116 10/1939 Perichino 1 1 128/594 2,365,807 12 1944 Dia1ynas. 128 594 [76] Inventor: Al x We b rg, 615 N. R xf 2,677,906 5 1954 Reed 128/595 X Drive, Beverly Hills, Calif. 90210 3,121,430 2/1964 OReilly 128/595 22 Filed: Sept. 16, 1974 i Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet [21] Appl' 506,392 Assistant ExaminerJ. Yasko Attorney, Agent, or Firm1. Morley Drucker [52] US. Cl 128/595; 128/586 I [51] Int. Cl. A61F 5/14 57 R CT [58] Field of Search 128/595, 581, 586, 594, h
122N607, 614; 36/28, 29, 3O, 44 The disclosure relates to a heel posltloner and are support and method of makmg the same, 1n wh1ch the [56] References Cited positioning support for the heel is made in situ, in one discrete section of the foot support, and the arch sup- UNITED STATES PATENTS port is then made, in situ, in a second discrete section. 1,145,533 7/1915 Wetmore 128/594 2,080,499 5/1937 Nathansohn 128/594 X 13 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures EE/WOVi/EZE f7 HAY-Z 577/ 7 5N5? 70 44 50/25 2404 5;
waxy/Z4) 4/ 14 US, Patent Dec. 30, 1975 VE 450 950 4/WOI/IV7' MUECZ SO COMBINED HEEL POSITIONER AND ARCH SUPPORT FOR THE FOOT The first discrete section is made at the heel portion of the foot, in a manner so as to stabilize the plantar surface of the heel section of the foot under the cancaneous bone. This is for the purpose of eliminating, reducing or minimizing the rotation forces applied to the heel section of the foot by the weight of the body, which would normally tend to produce a pes valgus (outward bending) or a pes varus (inward bending) condition, as well as stabilizing the anterior posterior position of the leg in its function of bearing body weight.
Once the heel stabilizer section has been formed, in situ, a discrete arch support section is then provided, in situ, for the arch portions of the foot so that the body weight will not tend to place strain upon the inner structures of the foot (bone joints, tendons, muscles, and related tissues), in the arch sections which connect the heel to the second part of the foot that support the body weight (i.e., the ball of the foot).
INTRODUCTION The necessity for an arch support is well covered in the literature. To quote from Orthopedic Appliances, by Henry H. Jordan, Oxford University Press 1939, an arch support is used to effect a correct, painless distribution of the weight to establish as far as possible the correct position of the elements of the foot in relation to the line of gravity of the leg.
Many individuals believe that an arch support should be formed in the shoe that it is to be worn with, so as to match simultaneously both the plantar surface of the foot and the inner sole of the shoe. The major purpose of my invention incorporates improved methods and means over those previously proposed and used, to effect a proper balanced foot support for those individuals that need and desire to use one. The invention is directed to a method and means of effecting proper distribution of body weight upon the plantar surface of the foot, with minimal strain, stress and distortion to the inner structures of the foot.
It is well documented in medical literature that proper positioning and support of the feet leads in turn to the correct positioning of the legs, knees, thigh, and back of the individual with resulting greater comfort in these areas.
Theoretically, in a normal standing position, the weight born by a foot is divided approximately between the heel and the ball of the foot. However, the heel bone of the foot is in a more direct line with the skeleton of the leg, and thus bears most of the actual total weight, with the ball of the foot and the connecting arch structures serving mainly a balancing function.
The stability and position of that part of the foot under the heel bone is most important in controlling the supination and pronation positions of the foot, as well as anterior posterior stabilization of the leg. The ability to prevent involuntary supination or pronation and to provide proper anterior posterior stabilization leads to a more vertical position of the leg and thus to a more normal position of the body as a whole.
Heel wedges, orthopedic heels, and other methods are generally used to position the heel bone and obtain proper support in the heel area. However, these methods are inaccurate. A method and means which permits 2 an in situ heel positioning is believed to be much more accurate.
It is known, that in order to construct an arch support within a shoe, with the foot in the shoe, a hydraulic system may be used. By this, it is meant that an initially flowable material enclosed within a chamber is placed under the plantar surface with the foot in the shoe in order to flow under pressure and distribute itself in a pattern that is determined by the contour and pressures of the plantar surface against this material. The initially flowable material then sets or cures to the desired configuration required to support the plantar surface in an optimum manner.
Experiments with an insole device comprising a single chamber for acceptance of a settable fluid system showed that due to the great amount of weight under the heel bone little or no material remained in this critical heel area when the proper and sufficient amount of material was obtained in the arch section of the foot. This type of approach is perhaps best exemplifled by OReilly, US. Pat. No. 3,121,430.
Consequently, the single chamber approach of 0- Reilly did not prove to be satisfactory. With this in mind, it was a major object of this invention to provide proper balance and support of the foot by first properly positioning and comfortably supporting the heel portion of the foot by a first discrete heel support section, formed in situ, and then forming, in situ, a second discrete section for support of the arch portion of the foot.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is specifically directed to the formation of a dual chamber insole, in situ, the dual chambers comprising, in general terms, a discrete heel positioning support chamber and a discrete arch support chamber.
Inlets for the introduction of room temperature settable fluids, e.g., silicones, into each of the chambers is provided. Room temperature settable fluids are designated in the trade as room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) compounds. In situ molding to the heel and arch of the wearer are made as follows. The heel positioner and support is formed, in situ, by injecting RTV fluids into the discrete heel positioner section. While the insole support envelope is in place between the foot of the user and the inner surface of the shoe, the user remains in seated position, with his body weight off the foot, while the positioner and support is being formed. In this way, the heel positioner and support may be properly formed without undue displacement of settable material.
After curing of the settable material in the heel section, the second support chamber is injected with a measured amount of the same settable plastic fluid. While the user is in standing position with his weight on the envelope the fluid on setting will conform to the plantar surface of the wearer, the conformity, however, being of an optimal nature, however, due to the proper positioning of the heel by the heel support section.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a top plan view, in perspective, of the insole support envelope of my invention, showing the various chambers therein. The insole envelope is shown prior to the introduction therein of settable fluids for foot support purposes and prior to its insertion into the left shoe of a user;
3 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the insert envelope of FIG. 1, taken along line 22 at a time after introduction of RTV fluid into the heel support section of my insert support envelope;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the finished insole support of my invention; and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of insole support taken along the line 44 of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The insole support of my invention, shown in FIG. 3 and designated by the numeral is made, in general, by injecting RTV fluids into dual chambers formed in an insert support envelope, the insole support envelope for the left foot being shown in FIG. 1.
The insert support envelope of FIG. 1 is designated generally by the numeral 12. The envelope 12 is provided with an upper panel or layer of a preferably fabric-lined plastic sheeting 14, the fabric lining (not shown) being internally mounted to the sheeting 14. The sheeting 14 may comprise, by way of example, a fabric backed (or lined) vinyl or a fabric backed polyurethane of suitable thickness and flexibility, the purpose of the fabric lining being to provide a mechanical bond between the fabric of sheeting 14 and the curved RTV plastic.
The bottom panel or layer 16 of the insert support envelope 12 comprises a preferably transparent, plastic sheet of flexible polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane, that is readily welded to upper panel 14 along peripheral weld lines 17 and internal weld lines 19, 19a. The internal and peripheral weld lines 17, 19, 19a form a heel positioner and support chamber 20 and an arch support chamber 22, respectively.
An injection pocket 24 is also provided in communication with heel support chamber 20, through neck 40, the injection pocket 24 being preferably formed of a pair of superposed layers 16a and 140 which are merely medial continuations of layers 16 and 14, respectively.
An overflow pocket 26 is provided which communicates only with arch support chamber 22, through an opening coinciding with the dotted line 27. The overflow pocket 26 and its inlet port 42 are preferably formed as part of insert support envelope l2, and the upper and lower panels or layers constituting the overflow pocket 26 and inlet port 42, are thus medial continuations of the upper and lower layers 14 and 16, respectively.
The welding of upper and lower sheets or panels, 14, 16 is readily performed by conventional dielectric sealing means. The lower panel 16 forming the insert support envelope is approximately 10-1 5 mils in thickness and it is also presently preferred that the inner surface thereof have a textured configuration. The textured surface aids the flow characteristics of the presently preferred settable fluid, (which is a room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone) during formation of the insert support, and also will impart a textured finish to the cured silicone layer of the finished product which will aid in maintaining this insert support in place when worn in the shoe.
The top layer 14 of the insert support envelope 12 is preferably provided with a removable heel stiffener 32. The heel stiffener 32 comprises a fairly rigid plastic piece, e.g., made of polyvinyl acetate of about a 20 mil thickness. The heel stiffener 32 is positioned over the heel support chamber 20 by means of a stiffener pocket 4 37. The pocket 37 is formed simply by dielectric welding a flexible vinyl sheet 35 of perhaps lOl2 mils in thickness along the periphery of the heel support chamber 20 only. The stiffener 32 extends forwardly of the stiffener pocket 37 so formed. The detailed purpose of the heel stiffener 32 will be later described.
The periphery of the insert support 10, formed by weld line 17, is such as to preferably form a finished insert support which approximates the innersole area of the shoe to be fitted.
The peripheralwelds along lines 17d, 17c, 17a and 17b form a flexible injection port 41 to chamber 20, a flexible overflow pocket 26 and a flexible injection port 42 to chamber 22, respectively. The heel positioner chamber 20 is formed by weld line 19 which line runs approximately below the line of insertion of the spring and long plantar ligaments into the calcaneous (heel) bone. The arch support chamber 22 is formed by weld line 19 and by anterior weld line 19a which is in the ball area of the plantar surface.
The injection pocket 24 (and its entrance port 41 and neck 40) together with overflow pocket 26 (and its entrance port 42) are sometimes referred to generally hereinafter, and in the claims, as first and second flexible conduit means extending medially with respect to the heel support and arch support chambers, respectively. These first and second conduit means each preferably have a length in excess of the height of the shoe measured from the insole to the upper edge of the shoe in order to avoid any overflow of material into the wearers shoe.
The upper and lower layers l4, 16 of envelope 12 preferably extend anteriorly of weld line 19a, in order to cover the full inner sole of the shoe as an additional means of maintaining the insole support 10 of this invention in place. It is not a requirement, how ever, and the support insert 10 could terminate anteriorly along line 19a.
The envelope 12 may be out between weld lines 17b and to facilitate independent manipulation of the entry ports 41 and 42 to chambers 20, 22.
The neck 40of the injection pocket 24 is proportioned so that the nozzle 48 of an injection syringe 53 can be tightly wedged into the neck 40 while injecting the settable plastic mix into the heel support chambers 20. The neck 40 of the heel chamber 20 thus preferably narrows to a diameter of not more than one-half inch. The purpose of this necking down is to minimize the escape of any RTV fluid material from the heel chamber 20 during the formation and setting of the heel support section.
The amount of RTV settable fluid injected into the heel chamber 20 is based on a numerical formula relating volume to heel chamber area to be later set forth herein. Further, during the actual setting of the material in the heel chamber 20, the injection pocket 24 is turned up inside the shoe of the wearer, and material overflow through neck 40, is greatly inhibited. Moreover, the heel stiffener 32 prevents outflow of material through the neck 40 by offering a barrier or dam to any overflow through neck 40.
The overflow pocket 26, in contrast, communicates with arch support chamber 22, by means of a very wide neck indicated, generally, by dotted line 27. Excess RTV fluid can thus readily escape from chamber 22 during the molding operation of the arch support.
Both chambers 20, 22 together with their respective flexible conduit means, are open systems for the purpose of placing the RTV fluid into these chambers, and at the same time, allowing any air trapped in the chambers 20, 22 to be expelled. In this connection, it is found advantageous to manipulate the RTV plastic fluid once it has been placed into the chambers 20, 22 in such a manner as to collect the trapped air and to expel this air out of the chambers 20, 22 through the ports 40, 41, 42.
MATERIALS EMPLOYED The preferred room temperature settable material at this time is one of a series of silicone rubber compounds manufactured by General Electric Company, Silicone Products Department, Waterford, NY. 12188.
These room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicones are preferably two-part compounds, such as General Electrics RTV-1041 (wherein the preferred curing agent is General Electrics CS 4097C or CS- 4096C). Other successfully employed compounds include General Electrics RTV l l and RTV 1012. Other materials of choice are found in GEs Technical Data Book 5-35 and Product Data on Silicone Dental Moldings and Formulating Compounds (Bulletin No. CDS- 316).
The use of a silicone rubber has the following major advantages:
1. it is physiologically inert;
2. after mixing and setting, it has very poor adhesive qualities, especially to plastics, leather and skin. This makes clean up of excess and spilled material very easy.
3. it is easy to repair or add to the cured material. A
new mix will bond to an old one.
4. Mechanical bonding is simple and strong. This is the reason for the fabric backing to the upper layer of the envelope.
Other materials, such as a two part polyurethane base and catalyst system may also be used but at the present state of the art, it is a more sensitive and difficult material to use than the silicone materials.
PROCEDURE 1. Place a strip of two sided adhesive tape 40 on inner side of each shoe to hold the insert support envelope 12 in place during the setting period.
2. Place the plastic stiffener 32 into pocket former 37 of each insert support envelope 12.
3. Dispense a predetermined amount of a settable fluid such as an RTV silicone rubber base compound into a large syringe (a sufficient quantity being that required for two heel chambers The amount to be dispensed into each chamber should be approximately one-half cc per sq. cm of the finished heel chamber 20. However, this amount is somewhat variable and will depend upon the configuration of the insole of the shoe being fitted and the amount of heel positioning correction that may be desired.
4. Fill a small calibrated syringe (not shown) with a desired curing agent in a ratio of about one-tenth amount of the silicone compound placed in large syrmge.
5. Inject the contents of small syringe into the large syringe 53.
6. Mix thoroughly with a spatula (not shown) for approximately I minute. Thorough mixing is important to obtain a proper set.
7. Screw a plastic nozzle 48 onto the syringe 53 and while holding syringe with the nozzle up, expel trapped air from syringe and nozzle.
8. Insert the nozzle 48 into the injection pocket 24 of the heel support chamber 20 and expel the predetermined amount of mix into chamber 20, as measured by the calibrations on the syringe 53.
9. Repeat Step 8 to fill the heel support chamber (20) for the other insert support envelope.
10. For each insert support envelope 12, all of the material is manually forced away from the neck 40. This will result in trapped air being forced toward the neck 40, and the air bubble is then forced out through the neck. The procedure is'repeated 2 or 3 times, to make sure all air is removed.
11. After all air is removed, bend over the ends of each injection pocket 24 and close them off by clamping spring clips (not shown) onto the openings of the injection pockets.
12. Place the envelope 12 in their respective shoes, holding the same in proper position with the two sided adhesive strip 40. The entrance ports 41 always face medially, that is, toward the opposite foot.
13. Place each foot in the proper shoe and lace same. This must be done in a sitting position. Total body weight should never be placed on the envelope 12 while the heel section is being formed. There is a slight danger of breaking the plastic welds 17, 19, 19a and forcing the mix onto the shoe, and more importantly, there is no control over the flow of the material that is required in order to obtain the proper configuration necessary to obtain the correct heel support (position and stability).
14. The setting time of the silicone is approximately 15 minutes from the time the curing agent is incorporated into the compound. About one-half of this time (approximately 7 to 8 min.) is allowed for the above steps 5 through l3.
15. In a sitting position, the feet are placed together with the legs vertical. This position must be maintained for approximately another 7 to 10 minutes. The time can be determined by watching and testing a small quantity of the mixed material until it reaches a tackfree consistency.
16. The position of the feet together and the legs vertical (the leg being that portion of the anatomy between the knees and ankles) is the position to be used for an individual that does not require any major correction of the foot position. If there is a need to add correction to the pattern of the compound, it can be done by positioning the leg and foot (keeping the sole of the shoe flat upon the floor) in a position that is opposite to the condition for which correction is desired. Thus, for example, if a pronated foot, or pes valgus, exists and a correction is desired then the leg and foot should be placed so that a position of supination, or pes varus, is maintained during the setting period of the settable fluid, e.g., the silicon mix. Corrections such as this and others that may be required should generally be prescribed by an orthopedic physician or a podiatrist.
17. When the sample of the mix shows that it has set the shoes are removed, and the envelopes l2 taken out.
18. The heel stiffeners 32 are then removed. The purpose of the heel stiffener 32 is to prevent undue displacement of soft tissue areas of the heel, particularly on the peripheries thereof, and especially on the mesialanterior corner of the heel area, by the hydraulic pressures exerted by the silicone material itself. The stiffener 32, which may be of about 20 mil in thickness, is still sufficiently flexible to allow proper distribution of the silicone material, while preventing undue build up and displacement in any particular area. The pattern of the rigid stiffener is such that it will preferably extend anterior to the border of the heel chamber 20, again to prevent excess material from collecting in the mesial-anterior corner. It is possible, also, to eliminate the heel stiffener 32 entirely by making the heel section of layer 14 of a more rigid material while maintaining the arch support section of a more flexible nature.
19. Repeats Steps 3 through 12, and fill arch support chambers 22 of each envelope 12. The amount of material is not critical but an excess is desired and provided for by the overflow pocket 26. Approximately 2 to 3 times the quantity of material used in the heel chamber will be required. This will vary and depend upon the shape and type of shoe, the height of the individuals arch, and any correction that may be desired. Also, before placing the envelopes 12 into the shoe all of the fluid is forced to the lateral wall (away from the entrance port 42). This will aid the flow characteristics of the material, and will also aid in the expulsion of any air not previously removed.
20. With the envelopes l2 properly placed in the shoes, and the feet into the shoes, they are laced and the person is placed in a normal standing position with the legs vertical and feet together (or nearly so). This position is to be maintained for about 2 to 3 minutes and should not exceed the flowability time of the mix. In this period of time the mix will flow into those areas of the arch section of the plantar surface that are not receiving support from the shoe structures and all excess material will go into the overflow chamber 26. The foot is not flexed nor is any pressure applied, as by walking, during this period. Due to the previous correction in the heel chamber 20, the leg will be in a more normal vertical position with little or no tendency for abnormal or improper positioning, such as pronation or supination, and thus the fluid in the arch chamber will flow in such a pattern as to support the arches (both longitudinal and transverse) in a more normal position for the given individual wearing the shoes being fitted. However, if correction is desired, the foot and leg should be positioned as outlined in Step 16. Correction can be placed into either the heel portion or the arch portion, or both, depending on the existing foot deformlty.
21. While the material is still in a flowable state, the person should sit down with the legs and feet in the same position as described in Steps l5l6. The reason for this is to allow for the relaxation of any compressed soft tissue of the plantar surface and to allow any slight modifications of the fluid pattern to compensate for this condition. The feet and legs are maintained in this position until the material is set.
22. The envelopes 12 are now removed from the shoes. The injection pocket 24 and overflow chambers 26 are cut off along the cut line 27 and along neck 40 respectively. The vinyl sheet 37 (forming the stiffener pocket) is removed, the lower layer 16 may also be removed from both heel positioning and arch support chambers 20, 22.
The finished support insert comprises the reinforced upper layer 14, molded in two discrete parts to form a properly conforming heel positioning section 52 and a properly conforming arch support section 54. See
FIGS. 3 and 4. Specifically, the finished insole support comprises the reinforced upper sheet 14, a discrete heel positioner support section 52 formed of molded (in situ) plastic, e.g., silicone rubber, affixed to the upper sheet 14, and a discrete arch support section, also formed of molded-in-place plastic (e.g., silicone rubber) and affixed to the said upper sheet. Both the heel support section and the arch support section are spacedly separated by the weld line 19, which is essentially free of the molded plastic material. Because the weld line 19 spacedly separates the heel and arch sections, and is free of molded plastic material, it is inherent that pressure applied to one of the sections will not be transmitted to the other of the sections.
It will also be understood that the heel positioner and support section 52 could be separately formed completely independently of the arch support section 54. In this case, the heel section 52 once formed, could be then affixed to a separate larger sheet or envelope, for the molding of the arch support section 54. The method and means described with reference to FIGS. l-4 are presently preferred, however.
Modifications of this invention may be made which lie within the scope of this invention, as in modifying techniques and materials. I intend, therefore, to be bound only by the claims which follow.
I claim:
1. An insert support envelope for support of a foot in a shoe, which comprises:
a discrete heel positioning and support chamber formed by at least a pair of superposed plastic sheets;
a discrete arch support chamber formed by a pair of superposed plastic sheets;
a weld line, constituted by the lamination of superposed plastic sheets, spacedly separating said discrete heel positioning support chamber from said discrete arch support chamber whereby pressure applied to said heel chamber is not transmitted to said arch chamber, and pressure applied to said arch chamber is not transmitted to said heel chamher;
a first inlet means communicating only with said heel positioning and support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air; and
a second inlet means communicating only with said arch support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air.
2. The insert support envelope of claim 1 wherein said first and second inlet means are flexible conduit means extending medially with respect to said heel support and arch support chambers.
3. The insert support envelope of claim 1 in which the interior of one of said plastic sheets is fabric-lined to permit mechanical bonding of the molding compound to said plastic sheet.
4. The insert support envelope of claim 2 in which the distance of the medial extension of the conduit means of said first and second inlet means is in excess of the height of a shoe measured from the insole to the upper edge of the shoe.
5. The insert support envelope of claim 2 in which said conduit means communicating with said arch support chamber constitutes an overflow pocket for excess molding compound.
generalized foot shape being marginally welded to each other and welded also along a line internally of said marginal welds to delineate a heel positioner portion and an arch support portion, said superposed plastic sheets together with said marginal welds and internal weld line forming a discrete heel positioner and support chamber and a discrete arch support chamber, said internal weld line spacedly separating said discrete heel positioner and support chamber from said discrete arch support chamber whereby pressure applied to one of said chambers is not transmitted to the other of said chambers;
a first conduit means communicating only with said heel support chamber; and
a second conduit means communicating only with said arch support chamber, said second conduit means serving as an overflow pocket for excess plastic fluid.
9. An insole support which comprises:
a plastic sheet;
a discrete heel positioner and support section formed of molded plastic and affixed to said plastic sheet; and
a discrete arch support section formed of molded plastic and affixed to said plastic sheet, immediately adjacent to said heel support section, both said heel support section and said arch support section being spacedly separated by an area of said plastic sheet itself, which area is essentially free of molded plastic material whereby pressure applied to one said section is not transmitted to the other of said section.
10. An insert support envelope for support of a foot in a shoe, which comprises:
a discrete heel positioning and support chamber formed by at least a pair of superposed plastic sheets;
a discrete arch support chamber formed by a pair of superposed plastic sheets;
a heel stiffener piece removably mounted, in overlying position, with respect to said heel support chamber of said envelope whereby to control the 10 flow pattern of molding compound injected into said heel support chamber;
a first inlet means communicating only with said heel positioning and support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air; and
a second inlet means communicating only with said arch support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air.
11. An insert support envelope for support of a foot in a shoe, which comprises:
a discrete heel positioning and support chamber formed by at least a pair of superposed plastic sheets;
a discrete arch support chamber formed by a pair of superposed plastic sheets, the upper of said plastic sheets forming said heel support chamber being less flexible than the upper sheet forming said arch support chamber, whereby to control the flow pattern of fluid injected into said heel support chamber;
a first inlet means communicating only with said heel positioning and support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air; and
a second inlet means communicating only with said arch support chamber for the purpose of injecting molding compound and allowing escape of trapped air.
12. An insert support envelope which comprises:
a pair of superposed plastic sheets, each having a generalized foot shape being marginally welded to each other and welded also along a line internally of said marginal welds to delineate a heel positioner portion and an arch support portion, said superposed plastic sheets together with said weld lines forming a discrete heel positioner and support chamber and a discrete arch support chamber; heel stiffener means removably mounted to said envelope in the area of said heel positioner and support chamber;
a first conduit means communicating only with said heel support chamber; and
a second conduit means communicating only with said arch support chamber, said second conduit means serving as an overflow pocket for excess plastic fluid.
13. The insole support of claim 9 wherein said plastic sheet is initially fabric-lined on the face on which said heel and arch sections are affixed.
DATED December 30, l975 INV I ALEX WEISBERG It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
The correct name of the inventor is AL X WEISBERG and not ALEX WESBERG.
Signed and Sealed this sixteenth I) ay Of March I 9 76 [SEAL] Attest:
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer (mnmissimwr oj'Patems and Trademarks
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 6, 1915
|Oct 31, 1935
|May 18, 1937
|Levi L Gilbert
|Insole for shoes
|Jun 29, 1937
|Jul 12, 1938
|Loren J Francis
|Arch supporter
|Jul 26, 1937
|Oct 24, 1939
|Michele Persichino
|Pneumatic foot supporter
|Apr 17, 1943
|Dec 26, 1944
|Dialynas Emmanuel M
|Pneumatic or cushion arch support for shoes
|Aug 14, 1952
|May 11, 1954
|Arnold Reed
|Cushioned inner sole for shoes and meth od of making the same
|May 10, 1960
|Feb 18, 1964
|O'reilly Edwin L
|Inflatable insole with self-fitting arch support
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 8, 1978
|Jul 8, 1980
|Orthopedic Contour Systems, Inc.
|Accommodative foot bed
|Nov 24, 1978
|Jul 8, 1980
|Krinsky Martin S
|Orthopedic cushion and method for fitting thereof
|Oct 16, 1986
|May 10, 1988
|Frank Sydor
|Molded article of footwear
|Jun 24, 1992
|Feb 1, 1994
|Schering-Plough Healthcare Products, Inc.
|Removeable innersole for footwear
|Jun 12, 1997
|Feb 22, 2000
|Curry; John M.
|Method of making form fitted products
|Mar 4, 2008
|Oct 22, 2013
|Covidien Lp
|Compression device having an inflatable member including a frame member
|Nov 7, 2011
|Aug 12, 2014
|Puma SE
|Method for producing a shoe and shoe
|Mar 4, 2008
|Sep 10, 2009
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Compression device having an inflatable member with a pocket for receiving a counterforce component
|Mar 4, 2008
|Sep 10, 2009
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Compression Device Having an Inflatable Member Including a Frame Member
|Mar 4, 2008
|Sep 10, 2009
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Bendable sole for compression foot cuff
|May 30, 1985
|Mar 12, 1986
|PROTEOR, Soci�t� Anonyme dite:
|Elements for the realization of ortheses and their assembling process
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Arts Today the Stranger Suggests
posted by March 28 at 11:58 AMon
Laff Hole
(COMEDY) Wednesday night's most reliable diversion continues at Capitol Hill Arts Center, where tonight brings another installment of Laff Hole, the weekly standup roundup corralled by the People's Republic of Komedy. This week's main attraction: Black Daisy, the video-making comedy troupe who'll be celebrating the release of their new DVD. Also on the bill: booze, bombs (there's always one, at least), and a bunch of comedians with impressive track records for hilarity. (CHAC Lower Level, 1621 12th Ave, 388-0569. 9:30 pm, $5, 21+.) DAVID SCHMADER

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Synonyms of step in English:
4 the market is only a step from the end of the pier
short distance, stone's throw, spitting distance
informal {a hop, skip, and a jump}
5 Susan sat on the top step Maureen ran down the steps
stair, tread, tread board;
North American stoop
7 the steps of a ladder
rung, tread
8 calling in the bailiffs is a very serious step
course of action, measure, move, act, action, procedure, proceeding, initiative;
manoeuvre, tactic, strategy, stratagem, operation;
French démarche
9 a significant step towards a ceasefire
advance, progression, development, step in the right direction, step forward, move, movement;
in step
- he is utterly in step with mainstream American thinking[Antonyms] out of stepin accord, in harmony, in agreement, in tune, in line, in keeping, in conformity, in accordance, in consensus, in consilience
mind/watch one's step
- be careful, take care, step carefully/cautiously, walk carefully/cautiously, tread carefully/cautiously, exercise care/caution, mind how one goes, look out, watch out, watch oneself, be wary, be circumspect, be chary, take heed, be attentive, be on one's guard, have/keep one's wits about one, be on the qui vive
out of step
- the paper was often out of step with public opinion[Antonyms] in stepat odds, at variance, in disagreement, out of tune, out of line, not in keeping, out of harmony, at loggerheads, in opposition, at outs
step by step
- one step at a time, bit by bit, gradually, in stages, by degrees, slowly, steadily, slowly but surelyrare gradatim
take steps
- the government must take steps to discourage age discriminationtake action, take measures, act, take the initiative, move
verbBack to top
step down
step in
- intervene, intercede, become/get involved, act, take action, take measures, take a hand;mediate, arbitrate, intermediate
step on it
- informalhurry up, get a move on, speed up, go faster, be quickinformal get cracking, get moving, step on the gas, rattle one's dagsBritish informal get one's skates on, stir one's stumpsNorth American informal get a wiggle onSouth African informal put footdated make haste
Definition of step in:
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Popular nickname for the cities of Atlanta, GA and Austin, TX. Both cities are the capital city of their state.
"I'm from A-Town!"
"A-Town is puttin' it down!"
"A-Town is puttin' it down!"
by HomeBase May 20, 2006
Trending Now
Top Definition
Southernest slang for Atlanta, Ga
Peace up A-town: Usher, yeah
Its A-town: Young Bloodz, Damn
Its A-town: Young Bloodz, Damn
by Ashshalee b May 16, 2004
The nickname of Atlanta, Georgia. Not Anamosa, Iowa which is better known as Gay-Town or Assamona.
Usher wasnt talkin about u guys.
by caleb_seely May 14, 2004
City of crunkness!
Located in Atlanta, GA (ATL)
Located in Atlanta, GA (ATL)
A town is where we get crunk!!!
by GINGER-SNAPS June 17, 2005
The city of AtLaNtA, Georgia!
Peace up, A-town down.
by Sexy Lil Gurl June 21, 2005
The city of atlanta that Usher often refers to in his songs like "Yeah!"
A town down AS in ushers hit "Yeah!"
by Amanda March 24, 2005
atlanta georgia
duh thats where lil jon and ludas from
also jermaine dupri
do the Atlanta town stomp
listn to the song from ATLANTA
also jermaine dupri
do the Atlanta town stomp
listn to the song from ATLANTA
by BRI May 26, 2004


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"BRUCE!! I'M BORED!!" Tony Stark's voice echoed through the room. Ever since he had moved in with his boyfriend, Bruce had played the part of entertainer, cook, and all-around caretaker for the spoiled, overgrown toddler that Tony was. He didn't mind. Having someone to care for again, having a reason to get up in the morning, filled him with warm happiness. The kind of giddiness that one associates with a schoolgirl spending time alone with her crush. Bruce poured some creamer into his coffee and walked over to Tony, who was draped lazily on the couch, upside-down.
"Careful, Tony, or all of your blood is gonna rush to your head." No reaction from Tony. "And you'll explode."
"Not until you find me something to doooooooooo."
"Wanna play a video game?"
"I've already beat every game we have."
"How 'bout a new game?"
Bruce grabbed a tablet lying on the nearest coffee table and went to a game review site. The first game he saw was 'Slender.' Is that some sort of weight loss game? Bruce's eyes widened as he read the user reviews. Tony would freak out. And if it gave him nightmares, then he would cuddle closer to Bruce at night. Perfect.
"JARVIS, download 'Slender' to the game database."
"Zat some sorta weight loss game?"
"Yeah. You see how fast you can get your avatar-thingy to lose weight."
"What? Bru-uce. Boring."
"I'm joking. It's about some guy stalking you or something."
"Z'it fun?"
"Ooh, yes, Tony, very very fun."
"YES! Two pages down, six to go!" Bruce and Tony were riveted to the screen. This game was awesome, as well as terrifying.
"Huh. You hear that drumming, Tony?"
"Shh." Tony's character was wandering down a hallway, feet clomp-clomping on the tile as if he was wearing Crocs. Bruce ordered JARVIS to turn off the lights. There was a terrible silence, the only noise came from Tony's game-feet. He crept down the hallway of the house, holding his breath. His nerves twinged as he saw a knocked over chair that he could have sworn was upright earlier. The drumming grew louder.
And there he was, in the corner of the room: The Slenderman. Tony shrieked and jumped violently. Bruce could feel himself getting a little muscular....
"JARVISLIGHTSNOW!" Tony was close to tears. As the lights turned on he grabbed on to his boyfriend and sobbed.
"Uh, there, there?" Bruce was astounded. The man who had faced a gang of terrorists, angry Russians, and Loki's army was sobbing into his shoulder. Over a video game.
After a few hours of hiding in the kitchen cupboards, Tony finally made his way to bed, where Bruce was snoring lightly. He wrapped his arms around his lover, and fell asleep, knowing that if the Slenderman came after him, the Hulk would destroy him. Not to say that he didn't have nightmares...
Tony Plays Slender by Flying-With-The-OwlsWatch
©2012-2016 Flying-With-The-Owls
Shameful oneshot: Tony plays Slender, a very scary game.
Very scary.
And this coming from a girl yawn at the un-scariness of Saw, Paranormal Activi
aity, Gothika, Let me In, et cetera, et cetera.
Plus, I was given a challenge to write a fic for something I don't ship, so...... Scibros it is.
everythingNothing against scibros, but I'm a Stony gal. Unless it's fem!Bruce with Tony. NOW THAT'S CUTE.
But noone EVER writes that, sooooooo.....
Anyways, I digress.
(insert mandatory disclaimer here: I don't own the Avengers or Slender/if yaoi upsets you don't read/blahblahblah)
also this is dedicated to because of reasons
Very scary.
And this coming from a girl yawn at the un-scariness of Saw, Paranormal Activi
Plus, I was given a challenge to write a fic for something I don't ship, so...... Scibros it is.
But noone EVER writes that, sooooooo.....
Anyways, I digress.
(insert mandatory disclaimer here: I don't own the Avengers or Slender/if yaoi upsets you don't read/blahblahblah)
also this is dedicated to because of reasons
Hahahahaha poor Tony
Absolutely amazing! (im sorry if you expected more but im horrible at reviews so.... yeah, but like i said this is an awesome fic!)
Thanks! Ehehe, I've read much worse. One guy created an account just to criticize me, so....
I've played Slender. I jumped when the Slender man came but it didn't scare me. Does anyone know what the tenticales are for?
it is said that the tenticales are used to ensare children more easily.
I dunno, I think they just go with his image. HE WAS BORN THAT WAY
I really want to try Slender However I iz scareded Great fic!
I never played Slender.. guess I'll have to check it out someday.. and you're a Stony gal, just like me! high five !
scared tony is sooo adorable!!! but im thinking that playing slender would definitely make bruce hulk out!!! that game is terrifying.... but obviously that might take away from the adorbsi-ness of tony flipping out instead
Hahaha! This is really cute!!
This was perfect. I can totally picture Tony being scared out of his pants and then them being all cute together ^^
I've only watched let's plays of the game and it scares the hell out of me! O___O Cute fic.
WHY DO YOU THINK SLENDER IS SO SCARY!? It really isn't!!


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Bradley O. McCarty, age 62, of Hillsdale, passed away Wednesday, July 18, 2012, at St. Vincent's Medical Center in Toledo, Ohio. He was born Jan. 28, 1950.
Funeral arrangements for Brad McCarty are pending at the VanHorn-Eagle Funeral Home in Hillsdale.
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Category: Shut Your Hole
Goop Burps Up The Old "Bras Give You Cancer" Myth
GOOP is at it again. Dr. Goopy Paltrow recently got a whole lot of shit thrown at her when she claimed on Instagram that sitting in a hot sauna will flush the flu out. Some medical experts said that while sitting in a sauna may help you flush out the insufferableness that fills your system when you read Goop, it'll probably make your flu worse. Goopy got even more shit thrown at her again when Goop queefed out a cloud of cold steam in the form of a post about how wearing an underwire bra can lead to cancer.
KOTD: Kanye West Think The Fashion Industry Discriminated Against Him For Not Being Gay
If you can't with Kanye today, just let the hipster lumberjack behind him express your thoughts and feelings for you so you can keep it moving. And no, I don't know if that's stretched-out pizza dough or a big cum web on Kanye's body.
Kanye West must not know who Tommy Hilfiger, Ralph Lauren, Yohji Yamamoto and Robert Cavalli are, because he thinks it's hard out there for a straight dude in the fashion world. Kanye did a 2-hour long interview for SHOWStudio's "In Camera" series (via HuffPo) and strangely enough, after 25 minutes of listening to him talk, the interviewer didn't bang her head against the floor until her skull cracked. She made it through the whole interview and was able to ask Kanye about ~fashion~. Kanye thinks that the fashion industry discriminated against him and not because he strolled on in there thinking he was the reincarnation of Coco Chanel and designed overpriced clothes that look like zombie rags. Kanye was discriminated against because he doesn't like dick like that.
"I feel like I got discriminated in fashion for not being gay. In music, you definitely get discriminated in music if you are gay. It takes amazing talents to break down barriers. Everyone thought that when Frank Ocean dropped that it was going to be bad for his career. I feel like it's so cliché to speak about him as it relates to this subject, but there are people who broke the ground and he broke the ground. The people that break the stereotypes make history."
Oh, how I wish I was a fly on a wall in Givenchy's offices, because I really want to see the look on Riccardo Tisci's face right about now…
Pic: Splash
How To Get A Selfie With Justin Bieber By Justin Bieber
Justin Bieber is currently terrorizing Melbourne, which really makes no sense to me. How did he get into Australia so easily? Johnny Depp's Yorkies, Boo and Pistol, are forcibly deported, but yet Justin Beiber is allowed in without being quarantined? Justin Bieber is more of a threat against the people of Australia than two foreign Yorkies are!
T.I. Cutting All Business Ties With Iggy Azalea Is News To Her
T.I. made it perfectly clear during a radio interview this morning that he and his one-time protégée Iggy Azalea are over in the professional sense. T.I. should've maybe dropped a trick a "see ya" text or maybe sent her a quick "bye bitch" DM. Because apparently, Iggy found out that her business relationship with T.I. is over when everybody else did. In the words of Iggy, "Well-a-well-a-well adfkljadslkfjdsaf-well-a-well-a-adsafdfdsffd-elp." That's Iggy freestyle for "welp."
All You Scientology Haters Can Go Eff Yourself, So Says Danny Masterson
Danny Masterson is a born and bred Scientologist and he's married to Scientologist Bijou Phillips (Side note: Thank you to the Dlisted commenter who once said, "Ugh, Bijou Phillips would fuck a snake," a million years ago, because every time I type her name I think of her fucking a snake. A snake with Danny Masterson's face and neckbeard), so of course he has strong feelings hating on Scientology.
Paper Magazine talked to Hyde from That 70s Show at Sundance about Going Clear, the HBO documentary that EXPOSES some of the crazy and possibly criminal shit those crazies have done. Danny goes full Tom Cruise and made it perfectly clear that his body is empty of blood and only barley-flavored Kool-Aid runs through his veins, because ho doesn't have one bad thing to say about Scientology. It's as if L. Ron Hubbard's ghost shoved his fist up Danny's ass and moved his mouth while talking for him. Danny told Paper that Scientology is better than college, Scientologists don't hate gay people (cut to John Travolta falling through a trap door into a dungeon after trying to bring up Grindr in the Scientology Centre) and how people suffering from mental illness don't need meds when Scientology can fix them! Take it away, Danny!
"GawD Puhneshed Mee Bi Mehking Mi FAT"
Just like many women do, botox-brained certified moron Kim Kartrashian gained some chunk while knocked up with her latest fashion accessory. But unlike most women, Kummy Kakes thinks that Godl tested her by drowning her hotness in fat. In Elle UK's annual
Adobe Appreciation Issue Confidence Issue, Kim injected a whole lot of confidence into every pregnant woman by saying that the weight she gained wasn't a natural biological reaction to being fetus'd up. It was the lord above teaching her a lesson. Kim dribbled this out:
"I'd think God was doing this for a reason. He was saying: 'Kim, you think you're so hot, but look what I can do to you.' My body just went crazy. After five months I swore I'd never get pregnant again. I got so huge and it felt like someone had taken over my body. I'd be sitting there, nearly 200lbs, crying and swearing this will never happen again, and sometimes I'd actually be laughing about it."
Kim went on to say that while God might hate her, God, Buddha, Allah, Krishna and the other deities must really, really hate Rob, because have you seen him?
If Kim had a sense of humor, the fillers she injects into her face ate it a long time ago, so I don't think she's joking. This is what happens when you have Kanye in your ear.
If there is a God and they care about Kim for some reason, they wouldn't punish her by putting pregnancy weight on her body. They'd punish her by making her Google loon balloon ass smaller, because then what would she oil up and stick out on the cover of Paper? If anything Kim and her family of soul suckers are God's punishment against humanity for making fame whores more famous. And here I am kontributing to it. I will try to make it up to the gods above by reciting the lyrics to the Golden Girls theme song 100 times. (The GG theme song is my answer to Hail Mary.)
Here's some pictures of Kim taking her rubber spatula face for a walk in NYC.
Pics: Splash
Will Everyone Stop Protesting, LeAnn Rimes Is Trying To Be Sexy Over Here!
If you hated yourself enough to watch NBC's Christmas in Rockefeller last night, you probably wondered if it was the sweet nectar talking or did that gold Prometheus statue really roll his eyes during LeAnn Rimes' performance. He did. Even he couldn't take LeAnn Rimes trying to bring some "sexed up cabaret singer at a country club lounge" glamour during her performance.
The Squinting Chanteuse yodeled out the children's Christmas song "I Want A Hippopotamus For Christmas" (Side note: When LeAnn sings that song, "hippopotamus" is definitely a euphemism for something else) during the show and about 110 seconds into it, she opened up her coat and revealed her bootleg Madonna circa 1990 outfit. The pin-up Grinch went on to holler out more musical notes as she flashed her thigh highs and jiggled those chichis for the children. Sarah Palin might want to move the battle lines to LeAnn's house, because this is definitely a declaration of war on Christmas:
That performance was probably a joy for LeAnn and LeAnn alone, but her joy was short-lived.
Are You A Lady? Kirk Cameron Says You'll Have A Merrier Christmas If You Spend It In The Kitchen
Kirk Cameron, the talking dookie that came to life one day when Ned Flanders took a dump in an enchanted toilet, is currently pimping out his latest film Saving Christmas, which means that he's super into the Christmas spirit right now. And recently, he uploaded a video to Facebook with some advice for women – sorry, "moms or wives" – on how to squeeze the maximum amount of joy out of your loved ones this holiday season. It's super easy! All you need to do is lock yourself inside your house and turn it into a gingerbread-scented manger-blasted Christmas wonderland!
"If you are a mom, if you are a wife, if you are the keeper of your home, I want you to know that your joy is so important this Christmas. Christmas is about joy and if the joy of the Lord is your strength, remember the joy of the mom is her children's strength. Let your children, your family, see your joy in the way you decorate your home this Christmas in the food that you cook, the songs you sing, the stories you tell and the traditions that you keep. Invite your whole neighborhood into your Christmas and invite the world into our story of our king and his kingdom."
You hear that ladies? When your man has finished off the last of the donkey chow (there were no puppies in Bethlehem) and you can't find the goddamn pickle forks for the gherkin nativity and Kaidyn just knocked over your 3-wick Bath & Body Works Winter Candy Apple candle, spilling hot wax all over your festive DIY 8lb 6oz Newborn Baby Jesus throw pillows, simply stop what you're doing, take a deep breath, and sing-scream "JOOOOOOY TO THE WOOOOORLD" at the top of your lungs for all to hear. Let everyone share in your endless joy this Christmas!
And Just Like That, Millions Of Christians Decide To Convert To Atheism
After Kanye West told a fan in a wheelchair to stand up at one of his shows in Sydney, he should've just said, "Sowwy. *Kanye shrug*," and moved onto his next act of buffoonery. But Kanye West wouldn't be Kanye West if he didn't use a situation to nail himself to the cross and mouth shit out a long-winded stream of cold farts about how the media keeps painting him, an egotistical ass, as an egotistical ass. During his last show in Sydney last night, Kanye queefed up another WOE IS ME rant where he said that the media has the wrong target and he's a married Christian man. Sorry, Christians, but Kanye belongs to you now and you can't give him back. No refunds or exchanges! "Well, we had a good run. RIP Christianity 1-2014″ – Paul, Jesus or whoever the founder and president of Christianity is (was)
Lindsay Lohan Personally Handled Whitney Houston's Body Bag, So Says Lindsay Lohan (UPDATE)
UPDATE: The L.A. County Coroner's Office tells TMZ that LieLo is lying. Whitney was never in a body bag and nobody from the probation department went near her body. So throw this one on the mountain of crack delusions from the mind of Lindsay Lohan.
It's been a long time (read: like 5 minutes) since the freckled bag of delusion spit out a lie-stuffed crack rock and she's really making up for lost lies by shitting out a big one.
When LiLo violated her probation in 2011 by drunk driving, she was sentenced to four months of community service in the L.A. County Morgue. They sent her to work in the morgue, because they wanted her to see the place she'd send people if she kept drunk driving and because corpses lack this thing called "being alive" which means they can sort of stand being around her. While talking to The Telegraph about that play in London she's going to get fired from, her time in the morgue was brought up and LiLo said that it was inappropriate for the courts to send her there. A lot of people actually agree with her, because dead people have been through enough. LiLo also made the spirit of Nippy slap the coke buzz out of her head by saying that she personally rolled Whitney Houston's body bag. This bitch would name drop the names of dead people for attention:
The California courts had decided that her sentence for drink driving and violation of probation should include not only jail time but 12-hour shifts in a morgue. For four months, she worked from 4am to 4pm. It was, as she puts it, "F'd up and inappropriate – because a lot of other people were meant to do it, and they were like: 'No, they can't handle it. Lohan can.' It's different for me than it would be for other people – like, no one would really have to work at the morgue in LA and roll a body bag for Whitney Houston."
I'm assuming that this mess means she just rolled a body bag and didn't actually handle Whitney Houston's body. If LiLo was allowed anywhere near Nippy's body, we'd know it. First of all, she'd tweet selfies of her with Nippy's dead body and TMZ would've thrown up a story about how Whitney Houston's internal organs went missing and it seems like something or someone snorted all the blood out of her body.
To quote Whitney, "Lindsay, I wanna see the receipts!" LiLo probably can't show us the receipts because the black kid's got 'em. So instead I'll show the receipts that prove that LiLo is most likely doing what she does worst: LIE! Here's pictures of LiLo with The Curious Case of Ali Lohan and her brother in NYC on Saturday, February 11, 2012, the day that Whitney Houston died 2,800 miles away in Beverly Hills, CA.
Pics: Splash


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Paladino Blasts Homosexuals
Republican Campaign Aims for TV Boost
Carl Paladino is poised to launch a statewide advertising campaign, starting with a television spot that emphasizes his fiscal agenda and labels his opponent, Andrew Cuomo, an "Albany insider."
But the Republican's effort to win over more moderate New Yorkers grew more complicated on Sunday when, during a visit with Orthodox Jewish clergy in Brooklyn, he spoke derisively of gays. The Cuomo campaign pointed to the comments as evidence of Mr. Paladino's "extremism."
Mr. Paladino on Monday will begin airing a 30-second spot that makes no mention of the personal recriminations that have marked the race. Speaking to the camera, Mr. Paladino says: "Unemployment is at record levels. The state budget is out of control. Taxes are driving good jobs and companies from our state. Albany insiders like Andrew Cuomo have failed us."
The ad campaign is the first time that Mr. Paladino has purchased statewide airtime since he won the Republican primary last month. Mr. Cuomo, the Democratic attorney general, has spent several million dollars on TV ads, much on negative messages that have helped to drag down the Republican's popularity in polls.
Mr. Paladino's lack of paid media at such a late point in the contest has generated concern among some allies about his candidacy's financial wherewithal. Mr. Paladino's personal wealth is more than $150 million, but much of his fortune is tied up in real-estate.
While he's said he would use $10 million of his own money on the campaign, the Buffalo developer has spent less than half of that and has raised less than $1 million from outside donors. Mr. Cuomo had $20 million on hand as of last week.
The Paladino campaign defended its strategy. "We don't shoot until we see the whites of their eyes. That's exactly how we ran our primary campaign," said Michael Caputo, Mr. Paladino's campaign manager.
On Sunday, at a stop in Williamsburg, Mr. Paladino told a gathering of Hasidic Jews that he does not want children to be "brainwashed into thinking that homosexuality is an equally valid and successful option" and criticized Mr. Cuomo for marching in the city's Gay Pride parade.
"I didn't march in the Gay Pride parade this year. My opponent did. And that's not the example that we should be showing our children and certainly not in our schools," Mr. Paladino said.
Carl Paladino's Path from Developer to Politician
Before becoming the Republican nominee for governor in New York, Carl Paladino was an attorney and heavyweight developer in Buffalo. Here's a look at how a political outsider backed by tea party groups surprised the state's GOP establishment and turned the contest against Democratic nominee Andrew Cuomo into a no holds barred fight.
The remarks by the Republican displayed a "stunning homophobia and a glaring disregard for basic equality," a spokesman for Mr. Cuomo, Josh Vlasto, said in a statement. Mr. Paladino was chastised by the chairman of the Log Cabin Republicans of New York, Gregory T. Angelo, who called his comments about gays "unfortunate" and ignorant.
Mr. Paladino, in his remarks, braced for criticism. "Don't misquote me as wanting to hurt homosexual people in any way. That would be a dastardly lie," he said. "My approach is live and let live. I just think my children and your children would be much better off and much more successful getting married and raising a family."
Mr. Caputo said Mr. Paladino's position on homosexuality is "exactly that of the Catholic Church." He said if Mr. Cuomo is offended by such views, "he needs to take it up with his parish priest, if they're still on speaking terms."
Mr. Paladino has said he would oppose any renewed effort in Albany to legalize gay marriage. Mr. Cuomo has said he would try to win passage of a same-sex marriage bill his first year in office.
Write to Jacob Gershman at email@example.com


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HSBC to Boost China, Singapore Staff to Tap Asia Wealth
HSBC Holdings Plc, the U.K. bank that gets more than half of its profit from Asia, aims to add 2,000 employees in China and Singapore as it accelerates expansion in faster-growing economies, while cutting costs globally.
The London-based bank plans to add at least 200 staff in China annually through 2016, and expand its Singapore workforce by about 1,000 people as wealth migrates there from Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and China, said Peter Wong, chief executive officer for the Asia-Pacific region.
"Opportunities for growth are many in China because all the foreign banks combined only account for 2 percent of the market share," he said in an interview in Hong Kong yesterday. "It depends on how open the Chinese financial market is going to be."
Stuart Gulliver, who became CEO in January, plans to lower costs by as much as $3.5 billion over the next two years and reinvest proceeds in the bank's fastest-growing markets, like South and East Asia. Assets held by rich Asians will more than triple to $16 trillion by 2015 as growing economies add millionaires, according to Swiss bank Julius Baer Group Ltd.
The U.K. bank plans to offer more wealth management products in China, including insurance and equity services to customers with minimum deposits and investments of 500,000 yuan ($77,000), Wong said.
"This will be the main focus," he said. "We forecast that the combined middle-class population of India and China will exceed the population of the U.S. by 2025."
Gulliver's Cuts
The bank now employs more than 5,000 people at its Chinese outlets, with additional staff at processing centers, Wong said.
HSBC shares fell 0.5 percent to 639.3 pence as of 11:13 a.m. in London trading. The shares have risen 1.3 percent this year, compared with a 0.6 percent gain for the 48-member the Bloomberg Europe Banks and Financial Services Index.
Gulliver, 52, said last week the bank plans to reduce costs by $2.5 billion to $3.5 billion by 2013. The bank, Europe's biggest, wants to reduce its cost efficiency ratio to between 48 percent and 52 percent by 2013 from 60.9 percent in the first quarter of this year.
"There's growth in Asia's savings pool, notably in mainland China where wealth is being created and the savings rate is very high. This is also an untapped market," Paul Lee, a Hong Kong-based analyst at Haitong International Securities Group, said.
Indian Growth
It had total operating expenses of $37.7 billion last year. HSBC will cut head office jobs and may sell its U.S. credit card division as it seeks to exit unprofitable units among subsidiaries in 87 countries, the bank said May 11.
"Over the past decade, HSBC has invested a lot of resources in U.S. and Europe, only to see a pileup of bad debts," said Haitong's Lee. "They are now shifting the strategy to add investment in emerging markets and eventually revenue will come through."
Its India and Singapore units reported pretax profit of $679 million and $524 million last year, respectively, according to presentation materials released May 11. Profit before tax in Indonesia was $219 million and in Malaysia totaled $401 million.
"We will continue to hire in India," Wong said in a Bloomberg Television interview today. He declined to comment on how many staff are being hired in the Southeast Asian nation or how quickly.
'Toward Overheating'
Wong also warned today that Hong Kong is "marching toward overheating" as its economy expanded a more-than-forecast 7.2 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier as the government wrestles with accelerating inflation and the threat of a property bubble.
"I think that if unchecked, if property prices continue to go up, there will be a bubble," he said. "But the government recognizes that and you see there is more release of land lately."
The city last week sold three residential sites for more than analysts expected, suggesting confidence in the property market. Home prices in March were 3 percent higher than their peak in 1997, the year the Asian financial crisis started, the government said May 13.


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Temperatures remained above normal on Monday afternoon, and will easily make it to the 60s on Tuesday. However, an extreme cool down is expected for the middle and late part of the week.
Computer projections are showing that Northeast Kansas is likely to go 5 days in a row, without making it above freezing.
Be ready on Wednesday morning for the Winter Chill.
There is a chance of snow on Thursday.
Accumulation is possible, but should be less than 1 inch.


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Egypt's Road to Democracy
Archived under: Politics/Society, Charter communications, College of Humanities Arts & Social Sciences, education, humanities, Middle East, video, women
Pro-democracy demonstrations in Egypt represent a cross-section of Egyptian society by age, education, gender, social class, ethnicity and religion, says UC Riverside women's studies professor Sherine Hafez. That is one of the reasons that the pro-democracy movement is so exciting, says Hafez, a native of Alexandria, Egypt. Women are playing a central role in the movement, which belies the West's perception of veiled women as silent and oppressed, she tells Charter Communications' Brad Pomerance.
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Archived under: Politics/Society, Charter communications, College of Humanities Arts & Social Sciences, education, humanities, Middle East, video, women
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The Mad Zabrak
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Deft Aklin
@Deft Aklin
Retired Dark Jedi
Join Date
: Jan 2003
: Rochester, NY
: 1,898
"Unfortunate situatiuons often lead to unfortunate outcomes.", his response slightly cryptic, yet still revealing. Deriun was pretty much broke, he knew that he would have next to no problem getting a business going again. A couple good cons would fund his operation for a good couple months and let him get back on his feet again. Doubtful he would be able to pull another ocean reclamation scam, as profitable as it had been. Perhaps an illegal title transfer or two would be enough. All things he would have to decide in the near future, but first he needed to decide whether to have another drink or not. Deriun pulls out a small wad of credits, no more than a thousand. A small fortune to most here, but barely enough to live on for the Devaronian. He had become accustomed to the good life, and he would do whatever it took to stay that way.
Minister of Propaganda - The Endbringers
Formerly Deft Aklin - Regent of Dark Sovereignty/The Endbringers of Starsider
The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemys not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him;
Not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable. The Art of War, Sun Tzu
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I have a problem with the CommentGrabber, this does not work. The problem probably has the following reason. I can no problme with the WP-Auto Share Post post an article on my timeline. I open the Artikell in WP-Admin and click the bottom of the WP-AutoShare Post on the menu facebookicon, then Facebook opens with a error message an invalid URL. This happens in the form of link publishing, I choose a kind of status is just a blank white page opens. Why is that?
Thanks in advance!


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After I had my c-section, I had 3 months of diarrhea (like water), then 3 months of normal bowel movements, and then 5 months of diarrhea again. It totally cleared up after 1 year postpartum. Has this happened to anyone else? DH and I want another baby, but I'm so scared of this happening again.
Bowel issues after c-section
Jenni, mom to 3 CRAZY boys.
Depression/Anxiety blog
never happened to me. I had 1 week of no movements at all, then some really REALLY painful ones, then everything back to normal.
~*~ Sarah~*~
I had several months of not bowel movements that were not typical for me. Typically I go a couple times a day. After my 2nd c/s I would go every other day. It didn't feel right. My Dr said your bowels can be affected by a c/s. After several months things were back to normal with lots of fiber and water.
Bowel issues are normal after a cesarean. I have never heard of anyone else having issues like that for so long though.
Jennifer, wife to Mike, mom to four, and changing the lives of 20 other great kids every day!
I just didn't go for about a week, and then it was painful to go for a few weeks. Well... not painful, just difficult. I took Stool Softeners religiously, though (the dr. prescribed them for me) and it helped a lot.
SAHM and speaking Spanish to...
DS - October 2007
DD - October 2010 - my VBAC baby!
Could be the antibiotics you got after the c-section. I didn't know they gave me antibiotics (no one told me), but a few weeks after my c-section, I started having bowel issues. I knew from previous experience that this happens to me after antibiotics (especially strong ones). It can kill too much of the "good" bacteria in the intestines and then the bad bacteria can start to take over. I take probiotics (billions of the good bacteria) when I know I'm having antibiotics and for a while afterwards. This is to try to restore the good bacteria that were killed off. I like Natren, but what I've read is that the ones in the refrigerated section are generally pretty good. I haven't tried it, but some of the yogurts now have these sorts of bacteria added to them. I'm generally not a vitamin supplement, health food store buyer, but this really worked for me. It was better than going on antibiotics again which was the alternative. I don't know if that was what was affecting you, but it might be something to look into.
Mom of 3 (1 c-section, 2 VBACs)
ACIDOPHILIS ! I have been looking for an answer for 6 months to my post-cesarean bowel issue. I've had very soft stools & diarrhea daily since having my daughter 6 months ago. Then I read Ellie's comments. It clicked! That is the answer. The antibiotics kill the good bacteria in your intestines. I have been taking acidophilis supplements (found in vitamin section of most grocery stores) for less than a week now and my diarrhea has already gone away. Not a single soft stool from day 2 of taking the acidophilis. Anyone with this problem should definitely try taking this supplement. It's good for your digestion anyway. I just had to share my results for anyone looking for an answer to this problem. No physician or medical website ever mentioned this potential problem. Yet I have heard of many, many women with ongoing diarrhea after having a cesarean.
Kaylonsmom OMG Thank you SOOOO much!!! I have been looking for a solution to this problem since I had my son over 9 months ago, I read this a few days ago, and went out saturday and bought some, and within just a few days, I can already tell a HUGE difference! Thank you soo much for making my life a little easier, I am forever grateful to you!
OMG so good to hear this, I will buy some and take to the hospital to start taking right away. I had a mayomectomy so I know how horrible the constipation is for a few days, OMG, it's AWEFUL. My BM have never been normal, my whole life, always gettin' backed up. If any of you have that problem in general, I drink Smooth Move, it's a great organic tea at Whole Foods. I'm not sure though if I can take in after the c section though, will it effect my baby since I plan to breast feed??
I had C section on Nov. 2011. I have bowel mvnt issue too. I don't have daily diarrhea, but I do get it. My fear is I don't know when I get it. I almost had an accident while I was coming home from the hospital once. My doc told me that it would take a whille for the digesting system to get back to normal after the surgery, just wear "depend" to go somewhere.
Isn't that aweful? I really don't want to wear a diaper to go somewhere! Anyways, my question is for those who took probiotics, how much and how often and how long did you take them? Please let me know. I'm dealing with mild postpartum depression, this is just making it worse.


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BOSTON (April 15, 2014) The first anniversary of the Boston Marathon bombings Tuesday started with a wreath-laying ceremony at the site of the explosions.
The ceremony Tuesday morning was attended by the families of the three bombing victims as well as relatives of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer who were killed in the blasts' aftermath.
Gov. Deval Patrick, Mayor Martin Walsh and Boston Cardinal Sean O'Malley were among those who attended the solemn ceremony, which was held in a light rain with the music of bagpipes in the background.
O'Malley offered a prayer.
It was the first of what promises to be a day of tributes to those who died, the more than 260 people who were injured, and the first responders, doctors and nurses who helped them.
Vice President Joe Biden is among the dignitaries expected to honor the victims later Tuesday.


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