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Is the Biden-Obama position on clean 'clean coal' a mistake?
Today, my inbox is bombarded with emails from enviros and clean energy advocates, some of whom say that Biden's (and Obama's) support of clean coal is "abysmal, absolutely abysmal." I could not disagree more.
I have this argument with enviros all the time. Tuesday, I argued the point with Ted Glick, the national coordinator of the US Climate Emergency Council on Earthbeat radio. You can listen to the audio here.
Yes, I think it is mistake to use the term "clean coal" — especially since it is only in the last few years that many people (but not all) have begun to use it as a synonym for coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Yes, you can't make coal "clean" in any meaningful sense of the word, which is why I prefer using "coal with CCS." And yes, I have spelled out my views in detail that coal with CCS is almost certainly not going to be a practical and affordable climate solution for the next two decades (see "Is coal with carbon capture and storage a core climate solution?"), which happens to be the same conclusion of a new McKinsey report.
That said, the nation and the world are in a very desperate situation. To avoid 5°C or more warming this century, to avoid ruining the health and well-being of the next 50 generations, we must replace most of the world's energy system in the next few decades with carbon free technology while working with developing countries to ensure they build their economy primarily around carbon free technology — see "Is 450 ppm (or less) politically possible? Part 2: The Solution." And then in the second half of the century, we're going to have to replace all of the remaining dirty technology with carbon-free technology.
Indeed, if you believe the nation's top climate scientist, James Hansen, who has arguably been right longer about the climate than anyone else, then our goal must be to get atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide back below current levels — and that means net global carbon emissions from humans (including deforestation) need to be near zero or below zero by 2100 (see "Hansen (et al) must read: Get back to 350 ppm or risk an ice-free planet"). If you want to get back below 350 ppm, the world would need to begin large-scale deployment of carbon-negative technology and energy systems that pull carbon out of the air and put it somewhere.
That's why I believe it is utterly immoral not to aggressively pursue the development of any plausible low-carbon or zero-carbon technology that has the potential for large scale (several hundred gigawatt) deployment. And serious analysis, like McKinsey's, says that coal with CCS could be economical by 2030. Moreover, a CCS power plant that runs on coal blended with cellulosic biomass is one of the most plausible carbon-negative forms of electricity you can imagine. So we must pursue the development of coal with CCS, which is what Obama and Biden and virtually every other energy/climate policymaker and analyst mean when they use the term.
Whether a given carbon-free technology should ultimately be the focus of large-scale deployment efforts depends mostly on its cost, and we simply don't know whether clean coal will make the cut. All we know today is that it has a very large hurdle to jump, as I've argued. Certainly our focus for the next two decades needs to be on the massively scalable carbon-free technologies that are cost-effective now or are in the process of becoming so — efficiency, wind, solar PV, and solar baseload (see "Is 450 ppm possible? Part 5: Old coal's out, can't wait for new nukes, so what do we do NOW?").
As Obama has said famously said, a president needs to be able to do more than one thing at a time. To solve the climate problem, we must massively deploy the current generation of clean tech while developing the next generation. And that is his energy policy (see "Breaking news — A real energy plan for America: Efficiency now, 10% renewables by 2012, and one million plug-in hybrids by 2015").
So what precisely was so abysmal about what Biden said Thursday night. Let's look at the transcript of everything he said on energy, climate and clean coal:
BIDEN: Well, I think it is manmade. I think it's clearly manmade. And, look, this probably explains the biggest fundamental difference between John McCain and Barack Obama and Sarah Palin and Joe Biden — Gov. Palin and Joe Biden.
If you don't understand what the cause is, it's virtually impossible to come up with a solution. We know what the cause is. The cause is manmade. That's the cause. That's why the polar icecap is melting.
Now, let's look at the facts. We have 3 percent of the world's oil reserves. We consume 25 percent of the oil in the world. John McCain has voted 20 times in the last decade-and-a-half against funding alternative energy sources, clean energy sources, wind, solar, biofuels.
The way in which we can stop the greenhouse gases from emitting. We believe — Barack Obama believes by investing in clean coal and safe nuclear, we can not only create jobs in wind and solar here in the United States, we can export it.
China is building one to three new coal-fired plants burning dirty coal per week. It's polluting not only the atmosphere but the West Coast of the United States. We should export the technology by investing in clean coal technology.
We should be creating jobs. John McCain has voted 20 times against funding alternative energy sources and thinks, I guess, the only answer is drill, drill, drill. Drill we must, but it will take 10 years for one drop of oil to come out of any of the wells that are going to begun to be drilled.
In the meantime, we're all going to be in real trouble.
IFILL: Let me clear something up, Sen. McCain has said he supports caps on carbon emissions. Sen. Obama has said he supports clean coal technology, which I don't believe you've always supported.
BIDEN: I have always supported it. That's a fact….
IFILL: OK. And on the clean coal issue?
BIDEN: Absolutely. Absolutely we do. We call for setting hard targets, number one…
IFILL: Clean coal.
BIDEN: Oh, I'm sorry.
IFILL: On clean coal.
BIDEN: Oh, on clean coal. My record, just take a look at the record. My record for 25 years has supported clean coal technology. A comment made in a rope line was taken out of context. I was talking about exporting that technology to China so when they burn their dirty coal, it won't be as dirty, it will be clean.
But here's the bottom line, Gwen: How do we deal with global warming with continued addition to carbon emissions? And if the only answer you have is oil, and John — and the governor says John is for everything.
Well, why did John vote 20 times? Maybe he's for everything as long as it's not helped forward by the government. Maybe he's for everything if the free market takes care of it. I don't know. But he voted 20 times against funding alternative energy sources.
Not only don't I find anything troubling whatsoever about his remarks, I think they are dead on. He is absolutely correct about China. More important, he and Obama "call for setting hard targets" on carbon, including an 80% emissions cut by 2050, which is what ensures that any clean coal that gets deployed does in fact contribute to reducing carbon emissions (see "Obama's excellent energy and climate plan").
What precisely does Obama's energy plan say about what kind of investment he and Biden would make in clean coal? Here is every mention in his energy plan:
Invest In A Clean Energy Economy and Help Create 5 Million New Green Jobs. Barack Obama and Joe Biden will strategically invest $150 billion over 10 years to accelerate the commercialization of plug"in hybrids, promote development of commercial scale renewable energy, encourage energy efficiency, invest in low emissions coal plants, advance the next generation of biofuels and fuel infrastructure, and begin transition to a new digital electricity grid. The plan will also invest in America's highly"skilled manufacturing workforce and manufacturing centers to ensure that American workers have the skills and tools they need to pioneer the green technologies that will be in high demand throughout the world. All together these investments will help the private sector create 5 million new green jobs, good jobs that cannot be outsourced….
Develop and Deploy Clean Coal Technology. Carbon capture and storage technologies hold enormous potential to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions as we power our economy with domestically produced and secure energy. As a U.S. Senator, Obama has worked tirelessly to ensure that clean coal technology becomes commercialized. An Obama administration will provide incentives to accelerate private sector investment in commercial scale zero"carbon coal facilities. In order to maximize the speed with which we advance this critical technology, Barack Obama and Joe Biden will instruct DOE to enter into public private partnerships to develop 5 "first"of"a"kind" commercial scale coal"fired plants with carbon capture and sequestration.
That's it. He has committed to pursue R&D and then have 5 commercial scale pilot plants. Almost everything else in this detailed 8-page plan focuses on renewables and energy efficiency. And his climate plan is equally detailed about his commitment to sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Those who obsess over statements by Obama and Biden on clean coal are missing the forest for
the trees the bark.
33 Responses to Is the Biden-Obama position on clean 'clean coal' a mistake?
Joe you must have lost your marbles. Carbon Capture & Sequestration has not been effectively proven to work! How do we know that the carbon dioxide that is sequestered is just not going to leach out of the ground in a few years time? What kind of effect will industrial sequestration of CO2 have on aquifers and the top soil? We need to be closing down coal fired power plants, not building new ones under the guise of "clean", which is just bait and switch energy policy. Barack Obama needs to stop pandering to coal miners in Illinois with this clean coal nonsense and dump out these fraudulent securities in his energy porfolio.
[JR: Leach out. Please. If you want to engage in serious debate, that's fine. This is deep underground salines aquifers, not the ones we get water from. Yes, you don't bother doing this if you can't be very confident there is no leaking, as I discussed at length in my book. But a lot of smart people think that is possible. Again, I really don't think how I could be any clearer that you don't build the coal without CCS.]
the reality is that the knob for coal will be turned down. no political speech can change that. will an obama environmental secretary sue to keep an ancient coal plant open? no.
but if you talk about "clean coal" all the time — you probably have a longer timeline in mind that reality dictates, than science dictates. 2020 matters. 2030 matters. 2050 is irrelevant now except for cleanup.
Some groups actually know how to run research programs, i.e., real R. rather thant schedulking breakthroughs.
Here's one group: GCEP – Global Climate and Energy Project.
As I've said before, while one deploys the technology one has, one keeps funding lots of little research efforts (typically a few Principal Investigators and handfuls of grad students) for 3-5 years, and hopes that a few interesting results emerge, which lead to further research, development, and for a very small percentage, to large-scaleout, but only in decades.
Here's the conference, going on right now, about 600 people signed up:
As one can see, about 1/6 of the presentation time is spent on Carbon Capture and Storage, i.e., Stanford and GCEP think this is worth spending *some* time on, although many more efforts are on other areas.
They do this every year, and it's actually *free* to attend.
There seems to be no lack of enthusiasm for developing CCS for coal.
We just need to remain aware of the possibility that it will not work, or that it will be too expensive to be viable.
Pursuing CCS as one of many technological options makes sense; banking emissions reductions from it before the technology is proven certainly does not.
What about the "other" clean coal: using algae to remove the carbon, and making biodiesel out of it? Isn't that likely to become far cheaper? I understand that then burning the biofuel releases the carbon, but if it displaces oil, then no difference there, but the coal burn becomes clean. Read about it in Krupp's book.
[JR: Biofuels may turn out to be a core climate solution, as I have blogged, but they are not climate negative as a coal/biomass blend with CCS would be.]
From the comment by Dunn (also read Dietz's) in:
I put the total cost of Professor Keith's CCS-from-air scheme at around $275 per tonne of carbon. That's about twice as expensive as burying biochar deep underground.
Let's assume for the moment that IGCC plants will be economical per Kinsey's report by 2030. Would it also be feasible to phase out conventional coal plants, offset the closed coal plants with wind, photovoltaic solar, solar thermal electrical generation and/or geothermal power before these IGCC plants become economically feasible by 2030?
[JR: Tricky question. The answer is "maybe, with two big buts." First, some states (and utilities) are going to want to have an option to generate carbon free electricity themselves, rather than being forced to import solar baseload from, say, the Southwest — even if CCS and nuclear are more expensive. Second, you have other countries, like China, India, and Russia. But I hope I have been pretty clear here that I not supporting a massive deployment of IGCC here. Just RD&D.her in]
Sheesh, it's stupid to be anti-bailout and immoral to be anti-carbon, what next?
[JR: Who the heck are you directing that to? I've never said that it's stupid to be anti-bailout nor have I ever said it's immoral to be anti-carbon.]
Look, if someone can figure out how to use coal to generate electricity without emitting carbon, AND they can actually get the cost low enough to sell it, why not?
I say that, knowing it won't happen. Cleaner energy and efficiency will beat it out.
There are other issues of course. Mountain top mining destroys habitat and devastates freshwater.
But we need every arrow we have in our quiver — and new arrows to boot.
Fresh water issues are reversible; habitat can re-establish itself — albeit in a new form — but climatic changes on the order we are inducing them, are irrevocable.
As for leaking C02 from deep saline aquifers — well, I headed up an EPA effort to implement the so-called "no-migration" rule for underground injection of fluids.
It can be done safely. Indeed, the fact that oil — which is buoyant — can be found in the formations in which it was formed some 70 or more million years ago is testimony to the integrity of geologic traps.
john — I estimate the cost of burying biochar (almost 100% carbon) deep underground is around $110–140 per tonne of carbon. That's $30–38 per tonne of carbon dioxide.
Place a surchange of that size on fossil carbon and use that to grow biomass, pyrolysise the stuff and bury the biochar deep underground.
Note that about doubles the effective price of coal…
Mineral sequestration may well be more cost-effective in the long run:
It has the further advantage of completely removing the carbon from the carbon cycle.
Here is an olivine approach which has quite a low cost estimate:
much less than biochar.
OK, Joe, didn't see that coming but you make me feel a little (very little) better. I usually think of JB as a bright guy who is a blowhard but I thought he was fantastic in the debate except that he mentioned the most preposterous contridiction of terms: "Clean Coal" at least twice but I think more. Having dealt with State Legislators from Coal States and lobbyists for Big Coal, I thought he must be trying to shoplift some votes from the mid-west. I also thought he might be throwing it out there because it is such a far off fantasy that it didn't really matter.
Still, with millions of real Americans listening to a distinguished US Senator who otherwise gave a Career performance, I thought it was extremely irresponsible. Worse yet he attached an even worse contridiction: Safe Nuclear (or Nukular per Sarah Palin and GWB).
Thankfully he was eloquent on the need and opportunity to launch a massive Apollo style Clean Energy Intitiative.
I'm going to cross my fingers that Biden understands the issue the way you do. But there's no way I got that sense the way he delivered it on stage.
Obama and Biden need to take a page from FDR, who encouraged people to get educated on WWII, ie. find a map and follow along. Hard to do in a 90 second format, but… Job One: STOP calling it 'clean' coal!
If we absolutely have to take a bite from that coal sandwich, P & VP candidates must level with us that there is no other way.
Nuclear energy is far far safer than coal. I'm disappointed that they would even be compared in this manner.
Nuclear energy contains all of its wastes–coal dumps them into the atmosphere.
I'm disappointed in both candidates for their support for the fantasy of "clean coal".
I suspect that the O/B campaign's inclusion of clean coal has more to do with electoral politics than planning for energy supply in 2030. And I think it's fine to tell the coal industry that we are happy to let them attempt to develop cost effective CCS, whether or not that's likely to ever be achieved. We just have to be careful that the public funding of R&D doesn't get excessively diverted in that direction, to the point that efficiency and renewables get neglected.
Apropos of nothing, just came across this:
"If coal were expended, people might fall back upon solar energy in the shape of evaporation, winds, or tides. The tidal wave might, perhaps, be utilized in an island country, facing the Atlantic Ocean, but the enormous area of tidal basin that would have to be constructed would be a serious difficulty. The suggestion that the sun's rays might be accumulated in a focus, by means of gigantic lenses, and that steam-boilers should be erected in such foci, is, Dr. Siemens fears, hardly practicable in a country like England where the sun is rarely seen and little felt."
— New York Times, Oct. 14, 1973
Whoops! I wrote 1973 — it's /1873/.
"I'm going to cross my fingers that Biden understands the issue the way you do. But there's no way I got that sense the way he delivered it on stage."
I neither expect or require than Biden and Obama become energy experts.
I expect them to create an atmosphere in government in which the 'best of the best' in the field are called on for their considered advice and legislation is created to take us in the most promising direction.
We're hiring new CEOs in November. Not Chief Engineers.
Eric – 1972/3 I got my first "hands on" experience with computers when our lab got a Dec PDP 8E with 16 MEGS of RAM. No monitor, teletype input/output, punched paper tape data/program storage, $28,000.
Things sure have changed in the last 35 or so years. We've learned how to capture the sun's power much more efficiently.
And England is becoming sunny….
Bob Wallace:
1024X Typo:
This is a nit, but I guarantee that in 1973 you did *not* have a 16 *MB* RAM PDP 8E….
try 16KB.
hope you caught my correction — I meant to write *1873*. How much ram did we have in 1873?
Eric — In 1873 we had lots of rmas to service the ewes. :-)
Opps. Rams.
Ain't is how better we remember the old days to be than they really were?
And Nope.
I didn't read your correction.
Having had a bit of experience with sheep on a farm. The goal is just barely enough rams for the ewes. Fewer rams the better….
Looks like we're all experiencing some technical difficulties.
Bob Wallace — 200,000 ewes.
That's a lotta rams! :-)
Whilst I hesitate to say clean coal is in need of a major breakthrough, a lot more development is needed. A lot more if we want to bet the world's future climate on it becoming ubiquitous in any kind of climate relevant time scale. Building more coal plants with the assumption they can be retrofitted with CCS (that's barely shown itself feasible) doesn't seem wise to me – I'd much prefer to see the development of coal plants that can be switched on and off quickly enough to be squeezed into the role of backup for renewables. That would make them a worthwhile transitional technology until grid and storage are developed to the point where it's just good old cost cutting common sense to close coal down completely.
I'm sure I'll be told that switchable coal is too expensive, too technically challenging or just plain impossible. And that grid and storage that can provide reliable renewables-only energy is too expensive, too technically challenging of just plain impossible. In both cases I suspect it's more a case of expensive rather than impossible – for storage, thermal style, the technology required is pretty basic, but, since there's been an abundance of coal and nuke plants running 24/7 there's never been a need to have utility scale storage at all. Because it doesn't exist it's easy to assume it must be unfeasible. Technically challenging for sure, to scale it up to get days or weeks of energy for a major city or industrial region. Lot's of Nimbyers to persuade or ride rough shod over. But not by any stretch is it impossible.
Coal prices may have shot up but coal is an industry more than capable of carrying on when prices are low, so it's not cost parity with high demand Carbon tax boosted coal that is ultimately required, but clean energy that's cheaper and better than coal at any price.
International and nation specific incentives, disincentives, tax breaks and penalties and R&D, both private and public all belong in the mix. (In that last case I don't think a real breakthrough or two would go astray even if they aren't strictly essential or are longshots. I'd hate to see them missed for the sake of some R&D spending cuts. R&D, especially R, does tend to pay off and, even if specific aims aren't realised, the increase of knowledge feeds and flows through to more incremental developments elsewhere.
So I don't think any strategy is out of order to get a handle on climate change. Mmm, second thoughts on that last – wishing for a global recession and/or collapse of civilisation to do it is something I draw the line at; I think this challenge will take more civilisation than humanity has ever demonstrated ever. The current financial turmoil, even if it results in a temporary apparent reduction in GHG emissions (and probably result in CC Skeptics insisting the show's all over, time to go home and stoke up the coal fire) is unlikely to add any impetus to fundamental change in how we make and use energy and will probably sap some of the momentum to do so. From a climate change matters point of view (my own, admittedly not that deeply knowledgeable, POV) it looks be a clear negative, making sticking with what we have look even better and make the funding of major new energy infrastructure a lot harder.
Sinking the carbon:
mentions olivine as a possiblity.
The poster session pdf file I linked previously claims that the cost of the plan therein might eventually be as low as $14 per tonne of CO2 removed from the air; $52 per tonne of carbon.
The means of sequestration you suggest are worth pursuing … although I believe we need a little more evidence that they are permanent, and as you note, they double the cost of coal derived power. This makes most forms of renewables less costly …
Concentrating solar and hot-dry rock geothermal are functionally base-load, their potential is huge, and they are less expensive than coal with CCS. With an intelligent grid, intermittent and on-site renewables such as wind and roof-top solar become viable replacements for coal. Add in off-shore wind, tidal and ocean thermal, all of which can ( or soon may) beat coal with CSS– mix in a 40 to 50% increase in efficiency across the economy, and I don't see coal with CSS being a real issue …
And of course, if we do develop a cost-effective means of storing energy, ( the one place where we could actually use a breakthrough) it's game game over for coal.
How about pump-up hydro for storage. Very efficient. All you need is some water and a change in elevation. We've got close to 2,000 yet-to-be converted dams/turbines in the US right now. (IIRC) Power lines already running to them.
And compressed air (CAES). No more than $0.08 per kWh, possibly half that. One site under construction as we speak.
Bet we get to affordable renewable w/storage before we get to affordable coal w/sequestering.
john — There are many non-point sources of excess carbon, principally for transportation but not limited to that. There are also point sources for which carbon capture seems too difficult, principally cement production. So there is a need for some form of carbon removal; the olivine reaction is safe, secure and appears that it will be inexpensive.
Bob, I think Hydro storage is great if you have suitable locations. They don't exist everywhere. They don't exist most places and could have to compete with agriculture and other uses for the water. CAES deserves some scaled up demo plants. Molten salt needs some scaled up demo plants. A bit of foresight and planning is required on storage or else it becomes a renewable energy catch-22; no need to build them until coal plants shut down, can't shut coal plants down until the storage is in place.
Or there is a much improved grid. Or both.
A major R&D challenge ought to be development of transmission that can cross between continents – the transmission side of the old Space Power Satellite proposals used to send Australian solar power to Europe, African to China, Middle Eastern (some irony here) to the USA? And of course any excess US solar to wherever the sun's not shining. HVDC is being used to link Europe and Africa but that's not in the same league as crossing Atlantic or the Pacific. Can it be improved that much? Is it time to look again at superconductors – although refrigerating undersea cables to supercold temperatures and reliably keeping them cold does look daunting.
A Global grid may not bring energy independence but it could provide clean energy security. Meanwhile back in the present, I'd like to see more action worldwide on the development of utility scale storage so it's lack isn't an ongoing excuse to keep the coal fires burning and fail the Climate challenge.
Yes, mineral sequestration works well, for a low cost (a cent or two per kWh).
The chemical pollutants can be radically reduced by active filters and other advanced pollution abatement controls.
This would make coal clean enough by reasonable standards. Of course there will be unreasonable people objecting. Like unscientific environmentalists. The only plausible negative argument would be the (local) impact of mining the coal. Underground gassification has advantages but also carries it's own surface stability risks.
I don't think such 'clean enough' coal could compete with electric markets (like wind), but liquid fuels might be useful for many purposes.
Underground methanization of coal deposits by bacteria is also being researched. Methane is very useful, also as a chemical feedstock.
Ideally, no new coal-fired plants should be built before the technology for CO2 removal at the source is developed. The smart money should, must, be on concentrated solar and deep geothermal for energy sources instead of coal. And it is imperative that we begin building CO2 scrubbers as quickly as possible and begin the process of removing the excess of CO2 from our global atmosphere. We cannot survive unless we take these steps. It's that simple.


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There are plenty of games to keep Xbox One gamers busy this August, including the new Madden and the new Disney Infinity 3.0.
There are some exciting brand new IPs that were announced over the past couple of days, as well as some sequels we've been waiting for.
Just Cause 3 gets a release date. And explosions. Lots of explosions.
Nintendo has blessed us with new Star Fox Wii U details.
All of the E3 2015 trailers in once place for your viewing pleasure.
It's a good month to be a PS4 gamer, as there are a few games we've got our eyes on for July 2015.
These are the best two upcoming Xbox One games…by default. Still, you should check them out.
Motorcycle racing, a highly anticipated console debut for an MMO and the final chapter for Batman are all a part of June 2015.
Will Batman make it out of June 2015 alive? Find out in Batman: Arkham Knight.
Enjoy the hyper active fighting and beautiful stage scenery on display here for J-Stars Victory Vs+.
J-Stars Victory Vs+ will finally arrive on the PS4 and PS3 in the States with some notable features you need to know about.
See the Fallout 4 trailer and pre-order one of the most anticipated new games of the year.
Fallout 4 has been confirmed! Our body is ready!
A zombie game with some substance and the end of Geralt's story are just two of the best games of 2015 (so far).
You know how annoying it is that the Xbox One controller doesn't have a standard 3.5mm headphone jack? Well, it looks like Microsoft is rectifying that.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Department of Theatre & Dance has completed its program admission auditions for 2016. We are in the process of selecting our incoming class of students for the fall of 2016.
If you have any questions about the application process, feel free to contact our Academic Department Associate Ruth Daniels. She'd be happy to help you!
Admissions to UW – Stevens Point are still open. Submit your University application for the University of Wisconsin -Stevens Point at University of Wisconsin Online Application.


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Residents of the Rittenhouse Square area said they were on edge after learning that a 26-year-old woman was sexually assaulted early Saturday by an intruder who had followed her home.
Police said the victim was walking in the 1900 block of Spruce Street, and as she approached her residence about 12:30 a.m., a man came up from behind, grabbed her by the neck, and forced her to open the door.
Once inside, the attacker sexually assaulted her. The man then fled, and the woman called police, police said.


text: I read about the theory of mitochondria starting out as a bacteria, and eventually "proving useful" to animal cells. Mitochondria have their own DNA, and a makeup similar to prokaryotic cells. I think that sounds pretty cool! Anybody else have some science theory gems? Stuff like that can be a boon to Sci Fi as well as Fantasy writing. CDN


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100th Birthday Celebration for Lyman Spitzer
October 19-20, 2013
áLyman Spitzer Jr., the "father" of the Hubble Space Telescope and theáfounder of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, made profoundácontributions to both theoretical astrophysics and plasma physics.
In 1951, Spitzer convinced the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to try toácontain and harness the nuclear burning of hydrogen at temperatures foundáon the sun. First approved as Project Matterhorn, the Princeton PlasmaáPhysics Laboratory at the James Forrestal Campus became a world leader ináthe quest to copy the nuclear reactions occurring within the stars, ináwhich far more energy is produced than consumed. After shepherding itsácreation, Spitzer led PPPL until 1967. áHis seminal 1955 text,á"Physics of Fully-Ionized Gases", continues to serve as a fundamentaláreference work.
In theoretical physics, Spitzer is credited with founding the disciplineáof "interstellar matter," which concerns the gas and dust between starsáfrom which new stars form. Early on, Spitzer suggested that the brightestástars in spiral galaxies have formed recently from the gas and dust there.áHe also noted the presence and importance of interstellar magnetic fields,áthe likelihood of a multiphase medium -- with hot, warm and coolácomponents -- and the significance of dust grains. His numerousácontributions to the field were codified in the 1968 monograph, "DiffuseáMatter in Space," which became the standard text in the field.
To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Spitzer's birth, we are hostingáa two day conference that will discuss the physics of the plasmas thatápervade interstellar and intergalactic space, and which are atáthe heart of fusion reactors, from stars to stellarators.


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Here you have your basic downspout planter, with an attractive—and healthy—sword fern contrasting nicely with the red window trim. You too can have one of these beautiful planters. Just don't clean your gutters for five years.
courtesy of the ASHI Reporter
courtesy of the ASHI Reporter
Ask TOH users about Health & Safety


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Ken Kesey's "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" was one of the most powerful books I have ever read. Although the story takes place mainly in a mental hospital, its ramifications can be felt in all of the broader society. The struggles depicted in the various characters, both internally and inter-personally, will give the reader pause and perhaps change your perception on life.
The story at its core encompasses the struggle between the individual (portrayed by Randall McMurphy) and the establishment (Portrayed by nurse Ratched.) It is told through the eyes of the schizophrenic half-Indian known as Chief Bromden. Bromden has pretended to be deaf and dumb for so long that everyone takes this fact for granted. It also allows him to overhear comments from the staff that others would not. The Chief is an interesting choice as narrator, and at times it seemed like he was rambling on about nothing. Unreliable narrators can be a touchy thing, but Kesey is able to navigate his way through the Chief's mind, and in time we find his ramblings have a purpose. He views the establishment as a machine, which he refers to as "the combine." He speaks of fog machines, wires in the walls, and robotic people, and views them as part of the combine. Even the name of the nurse, Ratched, sounds almost like "ratchet," which is a common tool. The Chief sees the struggle between the Big Nurse, as he calls Ratched, and McMurphy, and even though he has a sense right away that McMurphy is different, Bromden doesn't hold out much hope. After all, the combine is a massive machine and the Chief knows what it did to him. Bromden tells McMurphy he "used to be big," but not any more. The Chief's mother, a white woman from town, along with the government, broke down both he and his father and became bigger than both of them put together.
The antagonist is Ratched, an ex-army nurse who rules the ward with an iron fist. She preys on the weaknesses of the patients and attacks them in those areas. She is all about control and power, and over her long career has devised many ways of projecting this with a cold, machine-like efficiency. Ratched has hand picked her staff based on their cruelty and submissiveness. The Chief calls her "The Big Nurse," which reminds me of Orwell's Big Brother, and mentions early on that "The Big Nurse tends to get real put out if something keeps her outfit from running like a smooth, accurate, precision-made machine" (pg 24). Indeed the Chief sees her as a machine, part of the combine who's purpose is to make others small. Ratched represents the oppressive nature and de-humanization present in modern society.
And then there is Randle McMurphy. Sent to the ward from a work farm (because it's "easier" time), McMurphy comes in loud and confident. His singing and laughter are something new for the patients so used to suppressing their emotions. And he is definitely not the kind of patient the mechanical and repressive Nurse Ratched wants. It only takes McMurphy one group session to see Ratched's method of exposing the patient's weakest areas and pecking them into submission. Harding, the subject of the group meetings earlier frenzy, explains that it was all therapeutic. McMurphy, however, gives Harding his perception: "what she is is a ball-cutter. I've seen a thousand of 'em...people who try to make you weak so they can get you to...live like they want you to. And the best way to do this...is to weaken you by gettin' you where it hurts the worst" (pg 56). So McMurphy, ever the gambling man, makes a bet with his fellow patients that he would be able to make Ratched lose her composure, and he accomplished this by using her own tactics against her. As he pulls Bromden and the others out of the "fog" and makes them big again, McMurphy unwittingly becomes the savior of his fellow patients. It did not go un-noticed that the electroshock table was cross-shaped with the patient restrained by the wrists and feet and a "crown" placed over his head. When McMurphy rips Nurse Ratched's tightly starched uniform and exposes her breasts, he is symbolically exposing her hypocrisy and breaking the power she had once wielded over the patients. Chief Bromden's final act of mercy cemented Nurse Ratched's fall as well as giving McMurphy the dignity that he had earned.
Perhaps the largest piece of advice I pulled from this novel is to never let anyone or anything take your individuality. Society in general would like to have everyone fit into the same mold because then the people are easier to predict and control. However, we all need a McMurphy in our lives to show us that we can still be individuals and fit into society. And when The Combine tries to weaken you and make you conform, just throw your head back and laugh like McMurphy, "because he knows you have laugh at the things that hurt you just to keep yourself in balance, just to keep the world from running you plumb crazy" (pg 233).
When I first finished this book I really wasn't sure how I wanted to rate it or what I'd like to say about it.
For one thing, it's a classic - I'm sure just about everything that could be said in a review has been said, twice. Readers have flatlined and fawned over Kesey's unreliable narrator just as they've fumed and foamed over the hard candy coating of exhaustively rampant racism and misogyny exuded like time period tar from every corner and character of the book.
As much as I love sinking into a classic, that time period tar is a hard thing to swallow. I've experienced two schools of thought concerning classics and the lit teachers who love them; one past teacher was fond of the comforting, blindfolding adage, "it was a different time and place." Another teacher preferred saying something along the lines of, "the idiocy of our past should make us angry enough to whip our future into shape."
I was much fonder of the latter teacher. But even with that quote, or his many variations of it, rumbling through my mind at the head meet desk moments of classic novels, I can't help the thick layer of disappointment that tends to settle over me right after I finish such books. I want to experience the genius of past works, sure. But seeing intelligent notions war with human idiocy between covers is exhaustive and I can never seem to adequately express my frustration with any real finality because I just keep diving back into the sludge in order to enjoy the bits of shine that make themselves apparent from book to book.
Such as Kesey's ability to create an amalgamated force of energy with his cast of characters without the reader feeling lost in the issues of the individual or losing said issues. Or his ability to give us a cast of characters that are suffering from mental illnesses without making the illnesses, or characters, obnoxiously affected. The skill of Kesey's narration through Bromden so that the reader must delve into the nuances of Bromden's paranoid delusions in order to piece together the whole of not only the ward but Bromden's understanding of it and those around him.
Definite shine here.
Still, upon finishing the book my immediate reaction was more along the lines of a prolonged groan than anything else. So I gave the book a middling review, noted that I was on the fence about the book, and stuck the review on a shelf for the moment. Where it proceeded to poke and prod at me like McMurphy seeking an accomplice or Nurse Ratched niggling at potential narcs.
Because, based on the setting alone, Kesey's book poses an interesting difference from the normalcy of racism, misogyny, and bigotry in literary classics. From the very first we are brought into Nurse Ratched's ward by a narrator that is mentally ill. So what is the message of the racism and misogyny in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Is it just more of the same, a representation of the ignorant and self-defeating majority? Or is it as much a criticism of that majority in each of these areas as it is a criticism of the stamping out of individuality and the mechanization of rigid social constructs that has seemingly obliterated our ability to really grasp the chaos such constructs cause.
I'm probably reaching here. I want Kesey, a man revered for his involvement in the culture of the 60's, to have put forth that both racism and misogyny are just as crazy as the obliteration of individuality, shock treatments as therapy or punishment, lobotomies, or nurses that lack empathy and/or an ability to grasp the reality of mental illness for the individual.
Maybe that's what makes Kesey's work a classic. Because it hinges so drastically on perspective. You can take Kesey's characterization of Nurse Ratched and McMurphy's physical attack on her as an attack on femininity or a nod to the craziness of gender bias, the craziness that would make a man differentiate between a villain that is a woman or a villain that is a man - attacking the woman in answer to provocation while simultaneously disrobing her violently. You can perceive McMurphy as a relatively normal man who conned his way into what he thought was a preferable situation based on a naive notion of what a ward would be like or as someone suffering from a psychosis that is bolstered and intensified by the stressors of Nurse Ratched's unethical actions and a need to manipulate the system in order to feel in control and "normal." And as you pick up Bromden's broom and sweep between perceptions you might just find yourself on a similar ward where things are certainly changing but never quite fast enough or clearly enough for the sake of the Billys, Chiefs, Hardings, and McMurphys.
"Man, when you lose your laugh you lose your footing."
Mental illness is always sad, I don't care how it's portrayed. It's a serious subject that only deserves serious treatment, but even the insane have a sense of humor.
One Flew over the Cuckoo's nest worked so well because the characterization was firm, realistic, detailed, and perfectly coordinated to play out the story. Told through the narrative viewpoint of Chief Broom, a silent man who pretends like he can't speak or hear, he relays the horrors of the institute, the rigidity of the rules weighed down under the iron thumb of Nurse Ratched. R.P. McMurphy swoons in to shake up the institution, inject life into the dead characters, dare against the rules, remind them of their immortality within mortality.
I've seen in discussions that perhaps 'Big Nurse' isn't as bad as portrayed and that it was through the colored glasses of the characters that this picture was painted. That places like this only survive so well if placed under inflexible rules, stiff guidelines, no mercy for momentary lapses. The arguers have a point that adherence to rules and such must be used so that places where the mentally ill or dangerous dwell can be as safe as possible…but I disagree with their arguments about Big Nurse.
To me she is perfectly legal but perfectly horrid and immoral, a big problem about what is wrong with society, those in power who let it go to their heads, emotional sadism which sucks out its resources from those who don't know how to defend themselves, those without strong voices rooting for their protection. I think most agree to hate "Big Nurse" and people of that vein, that those like her who cruelly suck the life and joy out of others are among the worse of people churned out by the human gene meat grinder.
Of course I knew already this would be sad – there was a spoiler for me. I hate spoilers with a passion, but in this case it at least cushioned the blow and I wasn't as shell shocked. A bleak ending for a bleak subject, a bleak book, but there may be light at the end of the tunnel for one sole character?
On the downside, while I dug the story and characters, Ken Kesey's writing isn't my drug of choice. It was hard to get into the story due to the style, and I found myself irked by the subject matter because it's something I get passionately enraged against in real life anyway.
Very gripping, emotional, disturbing book. Not without flaws, but the story itself won't leave me.
This book came highly recommended, and didn't disappoint. I knew the climax prior to starting the novel, but I can imagine the reaction of a reader coming in spoiler-free: with that foreknowledge, "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" is fantastic; without it, the experience of reading it would be truly incredible.
When two-bit con Randle Patrick McMurphy finagles his way into a mental hospital, he challenges authority and brings new hope to his fellow patients.
It has probably been more than 20 years since I last read this book, and it was a wonderful rediscovery. I highly recommend it to anyone who hasn't read it yet. The classics are often labeled "classic" for a reason, and this is just an amazing example of how good writing can be.
The story is told through the eyes of Chief, a patient in the mental asylum who pretends to be deaf and dumb. Chief doesn't see the world "normally," but he believes that what he sees is reality, a glimpse behind the curtain at how the world really works. This enables Kesey to insert powerful, affecting images that we know aren't objectively real, yet are real in the sense that they give us insight into the systems we create that imprison us and the innate human qualities can set us free. This is such a beautiful, inspiring book that I should reread it more often!
The title of the book is a line from a nursery rhyme,
Vintery, mintery, cutery, corn, Apple seed and apple thorn, Wire, briar, limber lock, Three geese in a flock
One flew East, One flew West, And one flew over the cuckoo's nest.
Chief Bromden's grandmother sang this song to him when he was young. Of course, the "cuckoo's nest" also refers to the mental asylum that is the setting for the novel.
The world of this brilliant first novel is Inside—inside a mental hospital and inside the blocked minds of its inmates. Sordid sights and sounds abound, but Novelist Kesey has not descended to mere shock treatment or isolation-ward documentary. His book is a strong, warm story about the nature of human good and evil, despite its macabre setting.
What Mr. Kesey has done in his unusual novel is to transform the plight of a ward of inmates in a mental institution into a glittering parable of good and evil.
Is contained in
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest / Thumb Tripping / The End of the Road / The World According to Garp by John Barth
Has the adaptation
Has as a student's study guide
CliffsNotes on Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Thomas R. Holland
Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (Modern Critical Interpretations) by Harold Bloom
Coles Notes: Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey
Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (Barron's Book Notes) by Peter Fish
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English (2)
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0451163966, Mass Market Paperback)
An international bestseller and the basis for a hugely successful film, Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was one of the defining works of the 1960s.
A mordant, wickedly subversive parable set in a mental ward, the novel chronicles the head-on collision between its hell-raising, life-affirming hero Randle Patrick McMurphy and the totalitarian rule of Big Nurse. McMurphy swaggers into the mental ward like a blast of fresh air and turns the place upside down, starting a gambling operation, smuggling in wine and women, and egging on the other patients to join him in open rebellion. But McMurphy's revolution against Big Nurse and everything she stands for quickly turns from sport to a fierce power struggle with shattering results.
With One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Kesey created a work without precedent in American literature, a novel at once comic and tragic that probes the nature of madness and sanity, authority and vitality. Greeted by unanimous acclaim when it was first published, the book has become and enduring favorite of readers.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:20:42 -0400)
An inmate of a mental institution tries to find the freedom and independence denied him in the outside world.
(summary from another edition)
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4 editions of this book were published by Penguin Australia.
Editions: 0141187883, 0141024879, 0143105027, 0141037490
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Estimation Based Efficient and Resilient Hierarchical In-Network Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network
In a large sensor network, in-network data aggregation is inherently used as a communication paradigm which reduces the number of packets transmitted and hence the energy consumed. However the unattended and hostile operation of sensor network makes the system vulnerable to node compromise attack. The compromised nodes can inject false data in to the network which deteriorates the accuracy of the aggregate data. So the research on resilient data aggregation with a focus on data integrity and accuracy becomes a major issue. In this paper, the authors propose a statistical based robust estimate to design a resilient in-network aggregation scheme which detects and isolates the outliers from computed aggregate value.


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Research News
Genetic Testing Can Help with Drug Dosages
A new study shows that genetic testing can help doctors figure out the right dosage of medication for a patient. Dr. Sydney Spiesel, medical columnist for the online magazine Slate, talks to Alex Chadwick about genetic testing and a drug that regulates blood clotting.
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Kieron Gillenâs run on âThorâ was originally scheduled to end last month, with this issue marking the debut of the new creative team of Matt Fraction and Pasqual Ferry, but that run has been pushed back a few issues, so Gillen is still on the title to build on some of the ideas introduced in his short run, particularly one from the âSiege: Lokiâ special. This issue begins an arc that looks like a suitable follow-up to the events of âSiegeâ with some clever ideas by Gillen.
In âSiege: Loki,â Loki brokered a deal between Mephisto and Hela to create a new Hel in a section of Hell for the deceased Asgardians to go to since the previous one is off-limits with Asgard on Earth. During the transaction, Loki also gave Mephisto control of the DÃsir, the Valkyries of Bor, that turned evil and were cursed, now eating the souls of Asgardians. However, they are unable to enter Helaâs realm by Borâs command, a command that Mephisto cancels, setting them loose on the souls of the Asgardian dead in Helaâs new realm. With the DÃsir turned loose, the souls of all Asgardians are threatened.
In Asgard, the funeral pyre of the deceased is held and a private ceremony for Loki is held by the three sons of Odin, leading to a question of Asgardâs leadership. With Thor not wanting the throne, some question Balder ruling when Tyr, the god of war, is able, and Gillen has a little fun with the perception of Tyrâs courage during âSiegeâ when we know that he ran away at one point, afraid of a prophecy that said the god of war would die (Ares was the god in question). Itâs a subtle scene that rewards readers of the book and plays out well.
One area where the issue falls flat is the use of the DÃsir somewhat. The scene where the leader of the DÃsir convinces Mephisto to let them enter Helaâs new Hel and feast on the souls is a little too crude and obvious for âThor.â While Mephisto would certainly be a sleazy person since heâs a ruler of Hell, the tone of his conversation with the DÃsir doesnât match the rest of the book, or any previous issues. The execution feels out of touch with the series; itâs more like the tone of Mephistoâs appearance in âDeadpool Team-Upâ this week.
Rich Elson provided art on previous issues with Billy Tan, so his working with Gillen provides a sense of consistency to the book. His line work is clean and detailed in a way that suits the title. His characters are a little bulky at times, especially the sons of Odin, but his depiction of the DÃsir is really strong. Theyâre grotesque and monstrous, while still have their roots in the Valkyrie look. He handles the action well and Andy Troy does not do too much to overpowering the art. Troy hangs back, providing simple colors that complement Elsonâs drawings, giving a clear, crisp presentation.
With Gillen expanding his run to accommodate the delay in the new creative teamâs run, there was a worry that this storyarc would be nothing but filler, but it comes out of âSiegeâ effortlessly, acting as an epilogue to the events there. Gillenâs shown a great ability to take ideas from previous stories and use them in new and interesting ways, building on what J. Michael Straczynski did on the title and, now, building on his own work. So far, it makes for a nice little run that Iâll be sad to see end.


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This the second post in my VSL blog series that began with this post.
The design of VSL is guided by the following principles:
Minimize coupling
Coupling is minimized in several ways by narrowly scoping the functionality of classes and through the use of C++ templates to reduce hard dependencies between classes.
Avoid feature creep
To avoid investing resources in features that may not be needed, only the functionality required for the task at hand is implemented. For example the RichEditWin32Control and ListViewWin32Control classes could provide a complete wrapping of all of the features of the rich edit and list view controls; however, the former only provides those methods needed by the Single View Editor reference sample and the later only provides those methods needed by the Tool Window sample. This is true of most classes in VSL as well. We're waiting for you to ask for features before we develop them so that we don't waste resources on feature we think are needed but are not actually needed.
Exploit the C++ language and the Visual C++ compiler
The C++ language and the Visual C++ compiler are exploited in several ways:
The Resource Allocation Is Initialization (RAII) paradigm is simply that when a resource is allocated it is immediately and directly used to initialize an object that will ensure that the allocation is balanced with a de-allocation. RIAA can also be further extended to any action that needs to be balanced by a counter action, which I'll call XRIAA (eXtendened Resource Allocation Is Initialization) for want of a better name. Code that consistently uses XRIAA correctly is exception safe*, in that nothing will be left unbalanced in the event that an exception is thrown.
Facilitate unit testing
As integrating into VS requires calling into a lot COM interfaces and some Win32 APIs, it is impossible to unit test an VS Package without mocking up a lot of COM interfaces and Win32 APIs. To that end VSL includes mocks for nearly all VS Platform interfaces and nearly all Windows Platform APIs. VSL also provides wrapper classes around some sets of Win32 APIs, and equivalent mocks for those classes. Other VSL classes that make use of the wrapper classes in turn take them as template parameters so that the mocks can be substituted for unit testing (this also facilitates minimizing coupling, as you can also provide your own wrapper class if you so desire).
Re-use without obstruction
We don't want to box you in. There are lot of macros that can be overridden to make them do whatever you want (that's compatible of course). Many classes take template parameters to allow you to provide your own custom implementation for a dependency of that class, and there a couple of policy based classes (a smart pointer and a smart resource although the latter will only be first available with the v2 release next month). Many classes also provide optional, statically bound (using __if_exists and __if_notexists) call backs into a derived class (and we are willing to add whatever additional optional, statically bound callbacks you desire to base clssses). That said there are two things we don't do 1) Make every class suitable for derivation and 2) make all members protected, in order to leave us some room to refactor without causing breaking changes. However, since all of the source is provided in header files even those limitations can be worked around.
Responsive to requests
It's been our experience that designs are never perfect the first time, and so a principle of VSL development, is a willingness to make breaking changes (i.e. changes that will require VSL consumers to modify their code), as the need arises. In part this both necessitated and enabled by the short cycle time on VS SDK releases (a CTP every month, and an official release every few months). It is necessitated as we can not afford to sit around making the VSL design "perfect" for months on end without actually producing anything consumable. It is enabled, as taking three years worth of breaking changes in one fell swoop is quite unreasonable, but taking a few every few months, is much more reasonable.
* - note that such code is only synchronous exception safe. C++ exceptions are synchronous, but Win32 structured exceptions like access violations, stack overflows, etc. are asynchronous.
Next up: Visual Studio Library (aka VSL): Simple Unit Test Example


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May 23, 2016 there will be a Public Hearing on changes to the Wastewater Rate Ordinance. Please click HERE to see the proposed changes.
Welcome to Plymouth!
Welcome to Plymouth, Indiana, located in the heart of the Midwest on the banks of the Yellow River. Here on our city's website you can find information about local city government, city history, and links to other informative websites. We hope you find the plymouthin.com website to be user-friendly. Please feel free to send an e-mail message if you have any comments. We hope the information and photos will encourage you to visit Plymouth, Indiana; a great small city with big plans for the future!
Upcoming Calendar Events
Click here to view more events from our calendar.
Effective October 7, 2015 the City of Plymouth is changing software providers for our Utility Billing which will also change the online bill pay for the utility and hangar rental payments to ACI Official Payments. In order to make a payment online through the City of Plymouth's website you will need a PIN. To obtain your PIN, please contact the City Clerk-Treasurer's Office at 574-936-2124.


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P.F. Chang's Cook Stabbed to Death at Work
How horrifying.
How horrifying.
The "terror of the Ghent hospitality industry" met an untimely end.
He's no Tony Soprano.
The penalty comes with an automatic life sentence.
Plus a federal advisory panel is leaning towards endorsing genetically modified salmon, and a Kentucky man claims too much coffee led him to strangle his wife, all in our morning news roundup.


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By Car: How Far/How Long...?
* By Car:
- Motorway A4 Venezia-Trieste
- Motporway A23 Tarvisio-Udine
Exit casello di Palmanova, 17 km. from Aquileia.
Some road distances to Aquileia from:
- Rome (Italy): 645 kms.
- Sofia (Bulgaria): 1.047 kms.
- Madrid (Spain): 1.938 kms.
- Tallinn (Estonia): 2.219 kms.
Checking the website, you'll find more road distances together with the driving times and the best routes.
Website: http://www.viamichelin.com
How to get there
* By Train:
- Railway station of Cervignano del Friuli, line Venezia - Trieste, at 8 kms. from Aquileia; there are buses to Aquileia.
* By Plane:
- Trieste Airport, with buses to Aquileia.
- Venezia (Venice)-Marco Polo Airport, at 120 kms. with buses to Venezia (Venice) and train to Cervignano del Friuli.
* By Car: See next tip.
Walking Aquileia
Aquileia is a small village and everything is very walkable. Unless you have a special reason, there is no need for a car here.
There is also a small bicycle rental outfit in town if you prefer to make your way around the village a little faster.
Getting to Aquileia
If you are in Venezia or Trieste, take the train running between the 2 cities and stop in Cervignano. From Venezia, it is about 90 min, and from Trieste, 45 min.
Once you get off the train, you will have to wait outside the train station for the bus going to Grado. This bus ride will take about 10 min before you have to get off in Aquileia.
If you are not arriving in the morning, don't forget that buses stop running between Cervignano and Grado between noon and 2 PM. A taxi ride will be expensive. Also note that if you are staying just for a day trip, when leaving Aquileia, the last bus to Cervignano leaves around 8 or 9 PM.
For fares and timetables, check the website.
Website: http://www.trenitalia.it/Add to your Trip Planner
Venezia-Marco Polo Airport
Aquileia is some 120 kms. east of Venezia/Venice, so, flying to this city could be convenient.
- Second and third: What I saw from the plane after take off (leaving Venice).
Website: http://www.veniceairport.it
- 1
Instant Answers: Aquiléia
Get an instant answer from local experts and frequent travelers
- Hotel Patriarchi Aquileia
- Booking.com ABC Low rates
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Girard Middle School held Student Government Association elections this week.
Students had to meet school-wide requirements to run for office.
Candidates placed campaign posters around the school and gave a speech to the student body.
The winners of the election are as follows; SGA President: Jawalen Byrd, SGA Vice President Yasmin Dodd, and SGA Secretary: Destiny Brantley. These three students are committed to work with the students and teachers to foster communication and help Girard Middle School continue to grow.


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YOU ARE A STUpID MOOK, where's my mook?
av bobbyyyyyy 25. februar 2008
An idiot or a fool. Used to insult people during grime battle-raps / clashes.
Dizzee Racal in a clash with Wiley: I'm not a mook, ya nah. I don't know what you heard, but I'm not a mook.
av ragoflex 22. oktober 2007
When you wear shorts with a velcro fly (ie boardshorts) and your pubic hair gets stuck. It hurts like a bitch
Fuck! Check out these mooks! My fucking pubic hair is stuck in this mook!
av lep saul 1. november 2006
A mook is a hoar/skank/e-hoar that's good for nothing, and doesn't put out, yet still takes your money/time/resources.
Jessica/Jawnty is a perfect example of a mook.
av Finneh 28. september 2007
Mook is another name for ejaculating (cumming). I sugest everyone use it.
Go mook off. Your such a mooker. I mooked on your mom. MOOK!
av xDeadSoldier93 31. januar 2009


text: Is it possible to remove thumbnail links in the NEXTGEN Gallery plugin - i.e. I don't want a thumbnail to open to the original picture. I just want to display large thumbnails with no links. I have looked into options and perhaps there is a way to do to it with the Link Code Line under Effects, but I don't know.


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Sedona Skin Spa
Under the direction of Dr. Merlin Brown, the staff at Sedona Skin Spa tends to aesthetic needs with lasers, skincare, and dermal fillers. Each staff member is certified in laser treatments that help to remove unwanted hair, resurface complexions, or tighten the skin. By exclusively using the Cynosure Apogee Elite, medical professionals help clients obtain optimal results across fewer visit. The well-equipped aestheticians also can perform facials, microdermabrasion, and peels using products from SkinMedica and Image Skincare. Meanwhile, an RN and certified injection specialist can reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and furrows with FDA-approved injectables. The spa now offers Visia technology services- using this service, an aesthetician is able to offer a complexion analysis in less than a minute– providing insight into seven different areas of health and appearance that can be affected by natural wear and tear.
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Separate names with a comma.
We bought are GT Mustang at Galpin. They do sell at MSRP. But the problem we had is when we had dealer options installed. We get a call one day...
Thanks for compliments!!! The body kit is the "Street Scene Body Kit". I always like the white with blue stripes combo. I always thought it was so...
Our New Mustang
Here are some pics of our new Mustang. We have little over 500 miles on it and love it!!! No problems so far.


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Come on, guys! Let's all gather together for a little family video. I know there are lots of us but I think we can all get a little screen time!
What a wonderful video – I've never seen baby chicks up so close before – wonder what breed of chickens they are (if this comes out twice, sorry, I didn't see it appear after I entered it the first time)


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3 Suspects Sought After Shooting On Cherry Creek Bike PathDenver police are searching for three suspects after a shooting on a bike path.
DPD Officer: 'Halt! I Need Your Bicycle!'A Denver police officer commandeered a bicycle to pedal down a fleeing suspect on the Cherry Creek Bike Path. The commandeered bicycle was a loaner itself, part of Denver's B-Cycle bike sharing system.
Heavy Rain Floods Streets, Parks, Bike Paths In Metro AreaRising water in the Denver metro area is a concern as it starts to flood roads, parks and bike paths.
Top Family-Friendly Bike Trails In DenverCelebrate National Bike Day in Denver the way it was meant to be celebrated. Go for a ride on any of these beautiful bike trails in the Denver area.
Cherry Creek Reservoir Flushed To Release SedimentThe Cherry Creek Reservoir was flushed on Thursday.
Bike Paths In Denver, Boulder Given High Marks In StudyTwo of Colorado's most popular bike paths are getting national attention.
Woman's Body Found In Cherry CreekA woman's body was found floating face down in Cherry Creek Sunday afternoon.
Bones Found Along Cherry Creek Bike Path Are HumanPolice in Denver believe bones found near the Cherry Creek bike path on Saturday are human.
CBS4 Investigation Finds Many Panhandlers Also Dealing HeroinWhile a great many of those standing on corners with signs are certainly needy, 4 On Your Side Investigator Rick Sallinger found some are involved in dealing heroin.
Glendale Police Release Sketch Of Sexual Assault SuspectGlendale police want the public's help identifying a man they say sexually assaulted a woman along the Cherry Creek bike bath.
Woman Sexually Assaulted Along Cherry Creek Bike PathPolice in Glendale are investigating after a woman was attacked along the Cherry Creek bike path.


text: 118 NWXX04 KWNP 180320 ADVOUT Official Space Weather Advisory issued by NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Boulder, Colorado, USA SPACE WEATHER ADVISORY OUTLOOK #16-29 2016 July 17 at 9:18 p.m. MDT (2016 July 18 0318 UTC) **** SPACE WEATHER OUTLOOK **** Summary For July 11-17 G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storm levels were observed on 12 July due to coronal hole high speed stream activity. Outlook For July 18-24 There is a chance for R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts for the forecast period due to potential significant flare activity from active sunspot Regions 2565 and 2567. Space Weather Prediction Center links Current space weather conditions http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/space-weather-enthusiasts Alerts http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/alerts-watches-and-warnings Outlook http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/space-weather-advisory-outlook Data used to provide space weather services are contributed by NOAA, USAF, NASA, NSF, USGS, the International Space Environment Service (ISES) and other observatories, universities, and institutions. For more information, including email services, see SWPC`s Space Weather Prediction Center Web site http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ or (303) 497-3171.


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Tori Spelling's Emergency! What Happened To Her Son Finn? (Photos)Joanna Mazewski
Tori Spelling is dealing with drama in her life once again! The celebrity mother and reality television star was spotted taking her son Finn to her pediatrician's office over the weekend for what looked like an emergency situation! Either the little tyke was running a high fever or he'll be sporting a new bruise on his forehead for the coming days, according to these new pics we have.
Either way, Tori looked like a very protective mother as she held her son tight while making her way back to her car to take him home. With the long weekend ahead of them, here's hoping Finn gets well soon! I'm sure Tori and her husband Dean McDermott always have some sort of emergency to deal with at their home with their four children! There's never a dull day for this Hollywood mama!
Check out our photos below!
Tori Spelling 1 of 5
SICK BABY! Tori Spelling takes her son Finn to a pediatrician in Los Angeles.
Stressful Moments 2 of 5
Poor Tori looks stressed!
What Happened? 3 of 5
Is Finn sick or did he just get hurt?
Protective 4 of 5
You can tell Tori is a very protective mama with her kids!
Feel Better 5 of 5
Here's hoping Finn feels better soon!
Photos via PacificCoastNews.com


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Wall-E Icons for you to enjoy. In both PNG and ICO formats. Enjoy.
very nice thank you
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I love wall-e and eva thank you
how do you download it...
Whoops! I've mistyped the word "keyword".
I like the talkative Beautician Bot named PR-T. Can you add the keyeords "PR-T", "Beautician Bot" and "robot"?
thanks a lot *O*
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yay thankees I wished them so badly!But they were only for MAC T_T; thanks a lot :+fav
Thanks for the Icons
ahhh i love this! thank you!
i just saw wall-e today. it was amazing.
i just saw wall-e today. it was amazing.


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Darren is drinking a Straffe Hendrik Brugs Tripel Bier Wild (2015) by De Halve Maan at Brouwerij De Halve Maan
Earned the Beer Party badge!
Darren is drinking a Kriek De Ranke by Brouwerij De Ranke at Moeder Lambic
Earned the Belgian Holiday (Level 2) badge! Earned the Photogenic Brew (Level 13) badge!
Darren is drinking an IV Saison by Brasserie de Jandrain-Jandrenouille at Moeder Lambic
Earned the Trip to the Farm badge!
Darren is drinking a Zona Cesarini by Birra Toccalmatto at Moeder Lambic
Darren is drinking a Gueuze Tilquin (Draft Version) by Gueuzerie Tilquin at Moeder Lambic
Earned the Brew Traveler badge! Earned the Bar Explorer (Level 6) badge! Earned the Pucker Up badge!
Darren is drinking a Stirling Castle IPA by Australian Beer Company at Beer DeLuxe
Earned the Down Under (Level 15) badge! Earned the Photogenic Brew (Level 12) badge!
Darren is drinking a Furphy by Little Creatures Brewing at The Lord Nelson
Malty and fruity. Would've picked it as some sought of Belgium beer. Geelong only Ross. Think I'm one up on you there.
Darren is drinking a Triple XB (XXXB) by Batemans
Darren is drinking a Pedigree by Marston's Brewery
Darren is drinking an Old Fashioned by Naked Monkey Brewery at Sail & Anchor
As it says on the label…mild peat smoke. Not a quick drink.
Darren is drinking a Funk'n Phresh by Feral Brewing Company at Sail & Anchor
Mild sour, grape fruit aftertaste, slight fruity taste. No barnyard / bandaid / funkiness. Maybe one day. Earned the Beer Connoisseur (Level 3) badge!
Darren is drinking a Tartuffe by Heretic Brewing Company
Btld 06.25.12 slight tartness but off sickly taste. Had this previously and had great barnyard complex taste. This one is not good.
Darren is drinking a Single Batch: The Rule Of Three by Little Creatures Brewing at Little Creatures Brewery
Had when it first came out - great. Had it at Clancys Freo - rubbish. Today back at LC Freo - great. The brewers bag it. Earned the National Beer Day (2014) badge!
Darren is drinking a Captain Sig's Northwestern Ale by Rogue Ales & Spirits at Sail & Anchor
Malty, malty sweetness. Wouldn't get it again.


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Clinical Area Labs & Affiliations
About | Clinical Faculty | Adjunct and Other Faculty | Program Overview | Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data | Labs & Facilities | Area Talks | Recent Events
Core Faculty Labs
- Christopher Beevers, Ph.D., Mood Disorders Laboratory
- Caryn Carlson, Ph.D., Carlson Web Page
- Kim Fromme, Ph.D., SAHARA Lab
- Andreana Haley, Ph.D., Clinical Neuroscience Lab
- Kathyrn Paige Harden, Ph.D., Developmental Behavior Genetics Lab
- Charles Holahan, Ph.D., Occupational Health Psychology
- Marc Lewis, Ph.D., Lewis Web Page
- Martita Lopez, Ph.D., (Director of Clinical Training), Lopez Web Page
- Cindy Meston, Ph.D., The Sexual Psychophysiology Laboratory
- Rebecca Neal-Beevers, Ph.D., The Child Development in Context Laboratory | Institute for Mental Health Research
- Manuel Ramirez, Ph.D., Laboratory of Multicultural Process and Mental Health
- Jasper Smits, Ph. D., Behavioral & Integrative Treatment Development Program
- Michael Telch, Ph.D., Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders
Affiliated Faculty
- Robert Josephs, Ph.D. (Psychology, Social and Personality Area)
- James Pennebaker, Ph.D. (Psychology, Social and Personality Area)
- William Swann, Ph.D. (Psychology, Social and Personality Area)
- Elliot Tucker-Drob, Ph.D. (Psychology, Individual Differences and Evolutionary Psychology)
Emeritus Faculty
- Ira Iscoe, Ph.D.
- Wayne Holtzman, Ph.D.
The clinical program has received strong support from the department and the university, and we feel fortunate to have ample resources to meet our student and faculty needs. Foremost on our list of resources is the new 52 million dollar Seay Psychology building, which we moved into in May 2002. The department occupies 80,711 square feet of space in the building, which features world-class research facilities, state-of-the-art computer labs and classrooms, two libraries, a number of well-situated conference and seminar rooms, and ample office space for graduate student research and teaching assistants. Our move to this impressive facility is an enormously positive and important event for our department, and will allow us to continue to build on our stature as a first-class research institution. In the words of our former department chair, Dr. Don Foss:
The Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Building is a model for a powerfully integrated approach to the study of human behavior. The building is a beautiful home for exciting advances in our understanding of human behavior. It provides a natural and stimulating setting for interaction among faculty, among students, and between students and faculty. We want it to be the best home for psychology in America - a place of discovery, service, and beauty.
The 3rd floor Clinical Training Clinic occupies half of the western wing, with eight treatment and assessment rooms outfitted with audio equipment and observation windows, a group room for clinic meetings and group therapy sessions, and a spacious waiting room for clients.
Of benefit to both faculty and graduate students is the department's technical support. The Psychology department maintains a network of over 700 computers and a staff of technicians. We also employ an instrument maker, a grant manager, and a coordinator of the undergraduate subject pool.
- Faculty & Research
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The University of Texas at Austin
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|ESPN.com: Page 2
|[Print without images]
|The Fox vs. Christie showdown has the Sports Guy perplexed.
|Riley's rock throwers won't have much to offer in the NBA Least.
|The Big Dog's attitude should come with a Surgeon General's warning.
|Who knows what has prevented Allen from making The Leap?
|Even Dr. Melfi would have a hard time figuring out Iverson.
|Vin Baker is part of the mediocre cast the Celtics seem content with.
|The Big Easy may be too much for Baron & Co.
|Playoff Predictions
|First round: New Jersey, Washington, Detroit and Indiana all advance. Second round: New Jersey over Indiana; Washington over Detroit. Eastern Finals: New Jersey over Washington.
|When you get right down to it -- Kidd is da man.


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Lots is up around here. Now that I've welcomed myself back to the land of the living (and I don't really think I've been amongst the living since about March) we're doing all sorts of fun stuff before school starts.
Ok, who am I kidding? We're all turning into mermaids and mermen. That would be fine, except we all have to dry off and drive home, with some resounding beggings for slurpees (which, even the giant size are only 79 cents here!) The boys are doing swim lessons with a sweet girl from the ward. Conner is doing REALLY well. He's turned into a fish since we've been here. She's doing strokes with him, and working on breathing, I'm really proud of him. Spencer is Mr. Hesitant. Today he jumped in the water, which earned him an ice cream cone when we got home. He's never done that before. I could tell he wanted to cry, but we were all cheering, so he didn't. I hope this is a good lesson for him. I worry about him in a new school with new friends, new teacher. He just isn't always one to jump in with both feet. I worry about him the most right now…
Conner went and took his school's math placement test today. I'm hoping to get him into the advanced classes. They were impressed with his star testing. He already has homework that's due the first week of school. He's super jazzed, of course. The administration's been really nice. So, I'm happy.
Work's going well. I'm not sure how many hours I'm going to be getting. But, that's life with my per diem placement. I just work when they need me to. You'd think after 8 years of doing this I'd be used to God setting us up for success, but I must admit I still worry.
BUT, you'll all be glad to know that I am EXTREMELY happy. My house is in order, I really like it. I'm starting to get friends, and find kindred spirits around me. Sure, the heat is a bugger, but it makes swimming oh so sweet. Drew's gone a lot, but with more room I'm less apt to lose my mind in this house. It's still possible though. 🙂 Things are going really well. Sure, there's worries in my head, but I Have SUCH A strong testimony of how God blesses those who do the things he asks I know we'll be fine.
{God is in charge, don't even THINK of jumping off the plane}


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This is a really incredible video that one of our former interns named Christine Dwyer made about the Center while she worked here. It�s especially amazing because she didn�t get any help from us, she did it on her own and then showed us afterwards. Quite a talent!
Check out the video here


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4 Reviews
I'm not going to rate this since I made a few changes and hate it when people make changes and then rate it low! :O) I used a red onion and red peppers instead of the poblano. I also used brown jasmine rice and threw in some vegetarian chicken nuggets. While I thought it was pretty good, my husband wasn't crazy about it. Thanks so much for sharing!
What a way to get my husband to eat his spinach, he didn't even question the green stuff. Thanks for sharing.
Good way to sneak spinach past the kidos lips! I used chicken broth and green onion but that was the only change i made. This would be more tradional and better if the rice were fried in the oil til browned, add rest of the dry inged for a few minutes, then the liquid, cover tightly, lower heat and simmer for 15 min. I would have given more stars but the directions are confusing. Add rice x2 and the cooking time is over 30 min??? My rice was done before I got to the 'add spinach' step.... Thanks for sharing your recipe.
Rice lover take a look at this one. I used 6 cups spinach and an ancho sundried pepper in place of the poplano. Lots of flavor! I did have to cook it for 5 more minute then called for.


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Half-naked intruder breaks into Calgary home
CTVNews.ca Staff
Published Thursday, December 27, 2012 11:16AM EST
A Calgary family awoke Boxing Day morning to find a half-naked, screaming man who had broken into their home and assaulted two of the residents inside.
Police have yet to identify the suspect, who is believed to be in his 20s. He was arrested at the scene and remains in custody.
Police began receiving calls about a man walking without shoes in the West Hillhurst neighbourhood at around 5 a.m. Wednesday. Neighbours reported that the man continued to take off articles of clothing as he made his way along the street, as the temperature plunged to well below freezing.
"He was half-clad," one neighbour, wishing to remain anonymous, told CTV Calgary. "That's why I phoned the police, I was worried he was going to freeze to death and end up in a snow bank."
Police said the man approached a home and aggressively banged on the front door until the glass shattered. He then climbed through the door and into the home.
Inside was a woman in her 80s, a couple in their 60s and another couple in their 20s.
"It's absolutely unreal," said Insp. Paul Stacey. "On Boxing Day you can imagine they're probably expecting to wake up in the morning and have a coffee, but then this happens instead. It's just absolutely unreal, to have some … individual break into your house and start assaulting you."
Police said the man was still fighting with one of the individuals inside when officers arrived at the home.
The man was taken to hospital for treatment after receiving cuts to his foot.
Police said charges against the man are pending.
With a report from CTV Calgary's Bill Marks
More News from Canada
- Many of Manitoba's 600 tornado evacuees start journey home
- Winning ticket for $5M Lotto 649 jackpot sold in Ontario
- Summer camp for young Syrian refugees offers crash course on Canadian life
- Steeves family's world record attempt falls short at reunion in New Brunswick
- Brother-in-law of Canadian detained in Turkey calls on government for help


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FASHION WEEK; Is Fashion Still Cool?
By GUY TREBAY
Published: September 14, 2003
WHO killed the cool in fashion? What exactly was it that drained the excitement out of this fascinating, frivolous, inspiring, transformative, gossamer and endlessly diverting business, one that also happens to be among the largest employers in New York City?
It seems mere moments ago that the attention of mainstream America alighted on the humble garment business, transforming models into household names, designers into media darlings and movie stars into dress dummies whose forays onto red carpets became notable less for celebrity pixie dust than for the labels inside their clothes.
This interlude -- roughly the mid-1980's to the late 90's -- was a time when fashion was a cultural product generated on the streets of New York by members of a determined but slightly madcap cognoscenti made up of people not likely to find gainful employment in many other fields. Theirs was a world in which people employed deliriously kooky argot, in which fashion editors were heard to say of a dress that it was ''worked to its finest inch of nanosecond perfection,'' where ingenious drag queens counterfeited tickets to runway shows, where obscure models were at the center of personality cults and where creative people found it perfectly acceptable to seek inspiration from the way that heroin addicts or homeless people put themselves together at the start of each day.
''Is cool still cool?'' asked Anna Sui, a designer who served as an unofficial arbiter of fin-de-siècle cool in the cash-rich 90's. Throughout the decade, Ms. Sui's runway presentations were hipster catnip. One was as likely to spot the Beastie Boys perched in the front row of her shows of wittily girlish designs as the sexually ambiguous actor Jaye Davidson, with Kate Moss on his lap. Naomi Campbell once strutted Ms. Sui's catwalk in backless chaps. The standing-room crowd practically hung from the rafters trying to catch a glimpse.
Ms. Campbell now poses for second-string hip-hop clothing lines and seems destined for the scrap heap of demicelebrity. Ms. Moss, the onetime poster girl for loaded issues like eating disorders and heroin chic, has become domesticated as a new mother and part-time artist's muse. Isaac Mizrahi, former darling of the cognoscenti, has designed a collection for the mass-market retailer Target. Ms. Sui herself is now less engaged with scene-making than, like many other Americans, with corporate survival. As she prepared for her spring 2004 show in the tents of Bryant Park during another Fashion Week, which began Friday and continues through next Friday, Ms. Sui casually noted the passing of fashion as a crossroads of all things lustrous and desirable in a boom economy culture. ''I'm not sure cool is even a concept anymore,'' she said.
This is far from the first time the point has been made. Two years ago, after the 9/11 attacks, fashion joined the rest of the culture in a period of self-appraisal, or at least of enforced sobriety.
If an irrepressible spirit of expression gradually returned to the business, it did so haltingly and burdened by an unexpected problem, one that had less to do with a terrorist menace than the subtler incursions of the corporate world. It was as if no one knew whom to consult for direction and where to look for the spirited, rebellious or else indifferent outsiders who have historically infused fashion with the unstudied vigor of their style.
Who would act the role played until it became parodic by people like Sarah Lerfel, the owner of Colette, the relentlessly chic Paris store, where no-name designers were the sine qua non, until it became hipper to wear designers whose products were most often encountered in duty-free shops -- Gucci, Chanel and Louis Vuitton? Who had anything like the spare time to challenge what scholarly journals used to call ''the fashion system,'' when anyone with a pincushion was frantically trying to stay employed?
''Maybe the concept of edginess doesn't work anymore,'' Ms. Sui said, adding that the outsider postures of many musicians and entertainers now crowding the airwaves smack less of rebellious expression than careful market research. ''You look at Pink, with her red hair and punk clothes, and you think she might be punk, but then she belts out a torch song,'' Ms. Sui said. ''You watch the MTV Video Music Awards, and every single person is saying Coldplay is awesome, but they sound like Michael Bolton to me. You look at Christina Aguilera, and she has all the affectations of somebody who would be a rocker, and then you hear her songs and you think, Is this the Julie London of today?''
In other words, as the retailer and television stylist Patricia Field noted: ''Fashion got flipped around. It got to be just about money and about industry, the way in the 80's the art world became an industry and was killed off.''
James LaForce, a seasoned fashion publicist, said: ''Fashion used to be about worlds upon worlds you didn't have access to. It was about decadence, excitement, a passion for clothes, that margin for error.'' Nowadays, Mr. LaForce added, ''everything creative has to be done by formula from the moment you say you want to be a fashion designer. The chances for lightning to strike are rare.''


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I recently softmodded my daughters xbox using this guide:
Once I got this working my next step was to install a larger (80GB) hard drive. I made the .iso however started running into problems with my main PC which has an LCD screen. For some reason I would lose input signal when selecting Option 1 (boot from VGA) so I tried Option 2 (boot text console) and all went well. However, when the option came to lock the HDD I would once again lose input signal into the LCD screen !!
Some more reading and I happened upon a semi automatic way of unlocking the hard drive through generating a DOS floppy - I followed the guides to the letter but still couldnt get the drive to be recognised (error on xbox boot). I have tried using unlockhd and and unlockx but now it seems I cant use my hard drive.
Bottom line so far - whenever I try and boot from the xbox I get an error OR whenever I boot from xbox hd maker the drive is no longer recognised.
Can someone please help me turn this paperweight into a usable drive for my xbox.
Hard Drive Upgrade
Started by land_down_under , Aug 07 2006 03:52 AM
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Pittsburgh Veterinarians
We invite you to explore the biographies of our doctors and learn more about them. Our doctors have a wide variety of backgrounds and interests.
Katherine BorlandAssociate Veterinarian
Veterinary School: Ohio State University
Dr. Kate Borland recently joined the team at VCA Met Vet South as an Associate Veterinarian. Veterinary medicine is her second career. After graduating from Smith College in 2000, she pursed an M.S....
Read Full Biography
Tracey LettichAssociate Veterinarian
Veterinary School: University of Pennsylvania
Read Full Biography