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"San Jose Costa Rica" San José by zimmy69
San José Travel Guide: 15 reviews and 25 photos
While someone had taken meticulous care in assigning every Calle, Avenida and Callejón a name on the map, actually putting up a sign seems to be something quite unnecessary.
When getting directions in San Jose, it usually consists of "Go down the railroad tracks 300 meters, walk left onto the street with the flower shop and go just past the hardware store with the big red walls".
And if there is a street sign that says "Alto", it's totally optional. One lane (one car) bridges with a warning sign "Ceda", i s purely at the discretion of the driver who's quickest to the middle.
And in the case of a sign telling you that Puerto Viejo is to your left and Panama is straight ahead; somebody has crashed into it knocking it flat.
Just to be consistent with the rest of the country.
Reviews (1)
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4 Little Girls (1997)
Birmingham, 1963. A single explosion rocked a community and awakened a sleeping nation.
The story of four young girls who paid the price for a nation's ignorance.
Related lists from IMDb users
Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!IMDb Mobile site
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subset: commoncrawl


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a great tool for finding travel requirements on the go.


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The latest report on technology use in school districts is out. Findings indicate that educators are increasingly using Web 2.0 and collaborative technologies—and with positive results. However, district policies and plans are lagging behind in addressing the barriers to widespread and effective adoption of these tools in the classroom, including student safety, professional development, and technology support systems. This suggests that Web 2.0 use in schools is largely being driven from the bottom up and district leadership to bridge the gap between IT and curriculum is lacking. Research was conducted by IESD on behalf of Lightspeed Systems, netTrekker and Atomic Learning. More than 380 district technology directors were surveyed. Student safety and lack of teacher knowledge about how to use Web 2.0 effectively remain issues for many districts. The three companies partnered on a joint initiative to help schools using Web 2.0. They first surveyed school districts in 2009 on current status, future plans and ongoing Web 2.0 and collaborative technology challenges."While the survey results are promising, it also indicates areas of needed improvements to ensure school districts can meet the individual learning needs of the Net Generation," says Jay Sivin-Kachala, VP and lead researcher for IESD. Key findings from this year's survey, along with a comparison with results from the 2009 survey, are detailed in the report, "Digital Districts: Web 2.0 and Collaborative Technologies in U.S. Schools," available at www.digitaldistrictsurvey.com
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Big Ten Links | 1-on-1 | RSS | @BTNTomDienhart | Facebook | Tom's Mailbag
Latest Posts |
RSS | Send Fashion Tips
There's still time to join thousands of Big Ten fans and have some fun! Sign up to run in our Aug. 6 Big 10K in Chicago.
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COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) - Scott Roberson's sister says he'd been
hoping to return to the U.S. for the birth of his first child in
Roberson was among the seven people killed in a suicide bombing
attack against a CIA base in Afghanistan last week.
Before joining the CIA, he'd worked undercover in narcotics for
the Atlanta police.
A memorial page on Facebook says Jeremy Jason Wise, 35, was also
killed in the attack. Wise was a former Navy Seal who lived in
Virginia Beach, Va., with his wife, Dana. He was working as
security contractor.
The parents of a third man say he has also been identified as
one of the dead.
Harold E. Brown Jr. of Virginia is survived by a wife and three children.


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Design an App Mockup
This project received 12 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of £911 GBP.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Reload the page and try again.
Professors are always experts in their field and the TAs are super helpful and kind as well.
The academics are absolutely fantastic. They vary, of course, depending on student choice. Many students take only bland huge introductory lecture classes and then complain about how they've never met their professors. However, there are literally thousands of options of the beaten path for small seminar classes in countless areas. I have tried to take as many of these as possible, and my average class size has been about five. Going to dinner at professors' houses is not uncommon, and the vast majority of professors put a lot of time into getting to know students. Every professor holds generous office hours, so any complaint that professors are inaccessible generally rests with the student. After my two-person class last year, which often went hours over, we sometimes went for drinks. Students and professors seem to be parts of the same community, not separate entities. I highly recommend putting at least two small and obscure classes on your schedule every term. Overall, Harvard's academics lives up to its name.
I'm learning about relevant topics.
Tough academics that really push you. The workload depends on what classes you take, but generally, the workload can be pretty heavy. Shopping week for actually being able to sit in on classes before you register for them is really useful.
The government major is one of the largest offered on campus and there is a plethora of resources available and no shortage of classes. I have never not gotten into a class I have truly wanted; often begging a professor is all it takes if you miss the lottery. The work load is not too bad, as long as you accept that you will never do all the readings. And the professors do not expect you to - literally! I have had professors actually say that you should pick the more important readings and start from there. What makes this major amazing at Harvard is the availability of graduate classes to the undergrads, with access to both the law school and the Kennedy school of government.
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Sorry, there are no reviews.
"Unparalleled," "world-class," and "exciting" are just a few of the words used to described the constellation of academic stars you will find leading class discussions and lecturing on a huge breadth of topics at Harvard. The school's unmatched resources and wide array of fields of study make it the ideal place to pursue nearly any academic interest. However, some students complain that professors are too far removed from undergraduate life, and that in some cases, teaching assistants are left with too much responsibility. Most students are quick to indicate, however, that nearly everyone with any teaching duties is downright brilliant—important lecturers and overworked graduate students alike.
Despite a small number of complaints, Harvard University provides a fertile ground for intellectual growth. Renowned faculty, a treasure trove of resources, and undergraduate motivation all combine to make Harvard a terrific place for higher education. Even if some students have trouble attaining "A" grades, the University passes with flying colors.
Non-registered users are limited to 5 school profile page views per month.
Register for free to gain full access!


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Terminator 2: Judgment Day
C Me Dance
The Condemned
Dead Heat
Mr. Nanny
3000 Miles to Graceland
The 6th Day
True Lies
All Peter Kent films
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2016 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience.
google plus
Start browsing, Google+ Collections are now available on iOS
This new feature has ventured into iOS territory. So, enjoy browsing, following, and creating Collections.
Sandy Stachowiak
| August 31
It's time to say goodbye to Google+ once and for all
Starting soon, you won't need an account on the comatose social network to share content, communicate with contacts, and more.
Brent Dirks
| July 27
Google+ updated with iOS 8 share extension, polling feature and iPhone 6 support
This month alone, the tech giant has updated no fewer than a dozen of its iOS apps.
Aldrin Calimlim
| December 22
Google+ For iOS Updated With Stories Feature, New Photo Editor And More
Google has released another significant update to the official iOS app of its social networking site, Google+.
Aldrin Calimlim
| June 3
Google+ Update Arrives With New Location Reporting And History Settings
Version 4.6.2 also offers the ability to explore specific topics directly from the What's Hot stream.
Brent Dirks
| March 7
AppAdvice Daily: Hangouts In Person Are So Over Rated
Why hang out in person when you can do it virtually using Google's newest app, Hangouts.
Robin Rhys
| May 15
Google Purchases Instant Messaging Provider Meebo
Meebo, which has an instant messaging service for iOS and other mobile platforms, has been purchased today by Google for an undisclosed sum.
Brent Dirks
| June 4
Report: Google Chrome Coming To iOS Later This Year
Ready to ditch mobile Safari? Google hopes so.
Bryan M. Wolfe
| May 15
iWake With AppAdvice For Friday Now Available
Good morning! Today's jumbo sized iWake is now available. Have a listen ...
Tim Chaten
| December 9
iWake With AppAdvice For Tuesday Now Available
Good morning! Today's iWake is now available. One day you may be able to use your iPhone and iPad during takeoff and landing. Have a listen ...
Tim Chaten
| December 6
Google+ For iPhone Updated - Adds Mobile Video Conferencing Support And More
More big news in social networking today: as promised earlier this week, Google has updated the Google+ iPhone app and finally gave it the ability to access hangouts, Google's amazing 10 way video conference feature for your iDevice.
Alexander Vaughn
| September 23
[Updated] AppAdvice Daily: Google+ On Your iPad, Social Painting, And A Must Have App
Gooogle Plus has released an update that now lets you load the iPhone app on your iPod touch and on your iPad. We got a new sponsor this week that wants to make art more social. Plus a YouTube sensation joins the app world.
Robin Rhys
| August 9
AppAdvice Daily: The iPad Is Rockin' Sales, Plus Win A Free Case!
The iPad is topping the Mac in revenue, Google+ is leading the charts on the App Store, and the chance to win a free Captain America Marvel case.
Robin Rhys
| July 20
AppAdvice EXTRA: Everything You Need To Know About Google+
Still curious about Google+? On today's show we'll walk you through everything you need to know about Google+, and about the Google+ iPhone app.
Robin Rhys
| July 20
Official Native Google+ App Now Available To Download
Apple has finally released the official native Google+ client for the iPhone onto the App Store. It's available right now free of charge.
Alexander Vaughn
| July 19
AppAdvice Daily: Apps On Sale, Google Pool Party, And iTunes Festival London
We have apps on sale, Google is throwing a pool party, and iTunes Festival London 2011 has kicked off.
Robin Rhys
| July 2


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Hello members! We hope summer has been good for your research and relaxation. This is usually the time of year that parking passes become a common question, so we would like to put out this quick bulletin as we have been doing each year:
This fall, the university should be honoring our no-parking-fee history while we continue negotiations for a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA). We are still operating under our existing CBA which prohibits new fees being charged to our members. If you take a copy of your signed TA/RA contract to access services/UCAPS, they should give you a parking pass free of charge. (You may also want to take your vehicle registration with you as they require it to issue the permit.) Do not order your pass online through UCAPS as they do not offer the grad employee fee waiver through their ordering service.
In previous years, the UCAPS employees told TAs and RAs that they may be asked to pay for their pass at a later date. That is a possibility, but it would have to be preceded by the signing and ratification of a new CBA. You would therefore be aware of whatever new parking policies were agreed upon. We're simply telling you this as a "heads up" because last year some members were put off by what they were told down at UCAPS. Nevertheless, please be patient with the folks working in that office. Sometimes the first they hear of our fee waiver is when the first of you go down to get your decal, so be understanding if they need a little time to sort things out.
Please let us know if you have any issues getting your pass by contacting email@example.com.
Updated August 18, 2015
Please see our "Contact Us" page for meeting announcements.
Welcome to our new GEO Officer!


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Who forces time is pushed back by time; who yields to time finds time on his side. –The Talmud (NOTE: this is a long one, with a… Read more "Then and now."
Tag: cons
Why awesomely cheap airline flights are actually terrible
Originally posted on Quartz:
Taking a round-trip flight from New York to San Francisco means you're generating the global warming equivalent of two to three tons of carbon dioxide. That's a lot—as much…
Staying put.
In the words of the Prophet, "It is finished."
It has been a while since my last update. Here's why…
10 Beautifully Simple Things You Forget To Do In Your City
Originally posted on Thought Catalog:
1. See the classics, the trademarks, the shining emblems of what makes your city yours. Don't be afraid to be a tourist…
City girl.
I'm a New York City girl. I was born & raised there, it's part of my identity, and it reverberates through my heart & soul. No matter where I go, it'll always be my first home.
Bittersweet Symphony.
Change is never easy, let's be honest. It can come suddenly, or, as would be the best scenario, one can get advance notice and prepare as much as possible under the circumstances.
Re-blog: Cleaning Out The Clutter In Our Homes And In Our Minds.
I'm agnostic, but can definitely identify with the overall theme.
Customer service.
One of the best inventions known to man is online grocery shopping. As someone who has a hectic job, no car (yet) or energy sometimes, this is… Read more "Customer service."
Home (sweet home).
It's that time again… I'm heading home for a little more than a fortnight and will be on a plane by the time you get this. I've… Read more "Home (sweet home)."


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Re: I have a 115% mortgage on a 3 Year Arm...is there hope?
I do not know of any lender that will lend money to a 115% at this time, unless you have FICO in the 700 +. Investing in another property is probably not an option with your current debt. Selling part of your house is a "loan". What person would lend on a property as a lien in 3rd position knowing that they will be the last to recoup their money in the house if it goes into default?
(5,784 Views)


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Welcome to DBSTalk
Like most online communities you must register to view or post in our community. Sign-up is a free and simple process that requires minimal information. Be a part of our community by signing in or creating an account. The Digital Bit Stream starts here!
- Reply to existing topics or start a discussion of your own
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Adult channels pop up on Family Plan???
Posted 24 June 2012 - 06:57 PM
Posted 24 June 2012 - 08:09 PM
Thanks for the heads-up. Going to check them out now!
Posted 24 June 2012 - 08:09 PM
Just go into parental controls, and reblock them. Then change your password, because someone might have guessed it
DirecTv HR24x2 Whole Home with 39" high gain KaKu dish, Roku3,SageTv 8 TB Win8 Server -> DVDO Edge-> Denon AVR, Klipsch KB15's/Panasonic 55ST60 plasma"
Posted 25 June 2012 - 12:06 AM
Posted 25 June 2012 - 04:23 AM
Previously, adult channels were not available to any Family Plan sub. Now they are.
Im like 95% this is dead wrong but I honestly cant remember.
Anywho my money is on that someone ordered the adult block, its like 18$ or something and it grants access to a handful of adult channels for a few hours.
It wouldnt show up in changes because its not a change, its a pay per view. Check your recent ppv purchases just to be safe.
If it was ordered set up parental blocks and then yell at any teens in the house
Posted 25 June 2012 - 08:41 AM
We have the Family Plan and today a bunch of adult channels (481-499) popped up unlocked and unblocked. What is going on???? I checked online and it still shows the account programming to be the Family Plan. Programming changes show nothing for the past 90 days. Is this some sort of bizarre "free preview"?
Just so I'm totally clear---are they just showing up in the guides (maybe my channels or all channels) as available? Or does it go beyond that to where you are actually able to see video?
Posted 25 June 2012 - 09:40 AM
Best of luck
Posted 25 June 2012 - 10:50 AM
The opinions posted on this site are my own and do not represent DISH Network's positions, strategies or opinions. Unless I decide to be bad or call out an idiot...
Posted 25 June 2012 - 05:18 PM


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Brand new with tags. Purchased from Gucci. From 2011 Fall Collection. Retail $2498.
Authentic Gucci dress in a style that can be worn many ways. Black wool crepe with leather trim at collar. Gold dome logo button front. Long sleeves with button at cuff. Pencil straight cut skirt. Shown on the runway with a leather belt, which was sold separately. Lined. Made in Italy. Perfect with boots to heels.
The belt seen in the runway photos was sold separately. I have the belt and it is listed on Malleries. Makes a stunning set.


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Ecobotanica is THE place to come...
for expert advice from an engaging industry professional with decades of experience in health, organics, horticulture, permaculture & garden design.
Organic Immersion.A wonderful introduction to growing organically with great success and without chemicals. Two days, 4-5 June. Check out details here
Read the Latest Delicious Organic Gardening Ezine here.
Email me and I'll subscribe you to the list to receive the latest updates & new organic gardening videos.


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Schedule & Facility Updates
Dedication of the Maura Finneran Marden Memorial Garden - The Memorial Bench plaque The Marden and Finneran Families On July 9th family and friends gathered for the dedication of the Maura Finneran Marden Memorial Garden that is nestled under the trees in front of the Westport Weston Family YMCA. Maura's mother, Margaret Finneran, Read more..
Mahackeno Is the Place to Be on Summer Weekends - This summer, YMCA members are welcome to use our Camp Mahackeno facility on weekends, from 12 to 4 pm, Saturdays and Sundays. Enjoy the outdoor pool as well as the sports fields, basketball courts and playground. Bring along lunch, a beach Read more..
38th Annual Point to Point Results - The results are in! Click the link below to see your time. Please note that the listed is ordered alphabetically by last name. Thank you to the 100 men and women that swam with us on Sunday morning. In case you Read more..
Town Invitational Swim Meet - Town Invitational Swim Meet Tuesday, July 26 This is a recreational meet, offering various distance of all four competitive strokes Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke and Freestyle, for swimmers ages 6-12. Swimmers may enter 3 individual events. There are no qualifying times Read more..
38th Annual Point to Point Compo Beach Swim - Join us on Sunday, July 10th for the 38th Annual Point to Point Swim! All proceeds from Point to Point go to help support the YMCA's Annual Campaign. The YMCA uses the Annual Campaign Fund to provide financial assistance for programs Read more..
The Y Partners with Field Goods to Offer Fresh Produce Delivered Weekly! - Westport, CT – May 17, 2016 – The Westport Weston Family YMCA has officially partnered with Field Goods to offer a produce delivery service to Y members and the Westport/Weston community! Founded five years ago, Field Goods is a Read more..


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Quechee Lakes is a resort community in central eastern Vermont. It has many amenities, including golf courses, tennis courts, pools and a beach on a lake, and a small ski tow. There are a variety of condos for rent, which the owners place with local realtors for rentals from one or two nights to longer term rentals. It is a... More
Top-rated Attractions Nearby
Top-rated Restaurants Nearby


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Okay, okay… this is starting to get a little out of hand. What's next? "The Real Hoodrats of Atlanta"?
Yet again another reality show that displays black women in a terrible light is being shopped around for a network to call home. Produced by Memphitz, K. Michelle's allegedly abusive ex-boyfriend, "The Real Mistresses of Atlanta" will focus on 4 women and one man in the entertainment industry that take pride in being the "lover" on the sidelines. Classy huh?
Don't believe us? Check out the trailer here.
After watching the trailer we think it's safe to say that this isn't about chronicling the thoughts and point of view of a mistress. This is clearly for views and ratings, brought about by ratchet behavior. As if a certain T.V. Network doesn't do this already.
Don't we think Atlanta has been disgraced enough with all of these reality T.V. shows? If not Atlanta, what about the black woman's image? Is it too much to ask for us to do a little better?
Share your thoughts down below, we'd love to hear what you have to say!
For more on these ladies and this series, click here!


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Field & Stream Women's Merino Hiking Sock 2 Pack
Product Information:
Enjoy all the great outdoors has to offer in the Merino hiking sock. Made with merino wool, this Field & Stream sock wicks moisture, keeping you cool and dry on every hike. Great for any outdoor activity, the arch band provides unbeatable support and superior fit while a ribbed leg keeps the Field & Stream Merino hiking sock in place. Superior cushioning ensures her feet stay comfortable over any terrain on every adventure.
- Arch band adds unbeatable support and superior fit with every wear
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- Ribbed leg keeps the sock comfortably in place
- Superior cushioning maximizes comfort to keep you going all day
- Style: FAS85718
- Field & Stream
- Sock Size: Small = Shoe Size: Youth 10-4
- Sock Size: Medium = Shoe Size: Women's 5-10, Youth 4-8
- Sock Size: Large = Shoe Size: Men's 8-13
- Sock Size: X Large = Shoe Size: Men's 13-16
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 20546416


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70s Moustache BROWN (ref: 74506)
- Your Price:
- £2.49
- Retail Price:
- £2.99
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In StockOur price match promise
Brown 70s moustache.See more product details
In StockOur price match promise
Brown 70s moustache.See more product details
Got this costume? Want your photo to appear here? Tag your Instagrams with @jokersmasquerade and #jokers74506. How do I tag my photos?
Our 70s Moustache BROWN is an easy way to create an amazing retro look! This item is self-adhesive, so spirit gum is not required.
Sizes for this item are:
July 16, 2014, by Nicola K - Sheffield, UK - United Kingdom
Great fast delivery. Exactly as looks in picture.
Have a question about this product? Why not get in touch by completing the boxes below.
Items are considered "oversize" which exceed 610mm x 460mm x 460mm or over 5kg in weight and cannot be dispatched via Royal Mail or Click and Collect. Oversize packages can only be dispatched via courier. We will only display the delivery options available to you, based on your location and the items in your basket.


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Doug Padilla ESPN Staff Writer
Kenley Jansen is the hero. He finishes off the Diamondbacks in time for fireworks. Huge cheer. Dodgers earn a wild 9-7 victory.
Kenley Jansen is the hero. He finishes off the Diamondbacks in time for fireworks. Huge cheer. Dodgers earn a wild 9-7 victory.
The Dodgers are giving closer Kenley Kansen 15 minutes to finish off the top of the ninth otherwise there will be no fireworks show as scheduled. The club has a local curfew of 10:55 p.m. for fireworks. There is over 50,000 at Dodger Stadium. No pressure.
The umpire had no problem shoving Javier Baez out of the way to make a call.
The 7th inning in L.A.: The Dodgers and Diamondbacks combine for 12 runs and use eight pitchers.
How do the Dodgers respond after giving up seven runs in one inning to the D-backs? Pederson and Utley hit two-run HRs and this wild game is tied 7-7, B7. The teams have combined for 11 runs this inning alone.
Call off the dogs: Don't think there are any immediate plans to promote T.J. Rivera to replace Jose Reyes -- although Reyes may be headed to the DL soon and Rivera could be next in line for a promotion.
Leave it to Rick Porcello to snap the Red Sox's four-game losing streak with his first complete game since 8/20/14. The 6-2 victory over the Angels marks sixth consecutive win for Porcello, who joins Chris Sale and Chris Tillman as AL's 14-game winners.
The Dodgers used five pitchers in the seventh inning that managed to give up seven runs to the Diamondbacks. Arizona was scoreless heading into the inning.
T.J. Rivera has been pulled from Triple-A Las Vegas' game. I don't know yet if it's related, but Terry Collins dropped postgame that Jose Reyes may be headed to the DL.
The Rangers are scouting Philadelphia's Vince Velasquez, but talks aren't at enough of an advanced stage to know whether the teams have enough common ground to do a deal. With Yu Darvish eligible for free agency after the 2017 season, the Rangers are focusing on young, controllable starting pitchers. They have several targets.
Why are the Dodgers hot after OF help at the trade deadline? They're 25th in OPS from their outfielders and have the fourth lowest OPS from their 3-4-5 hitters.
Dodgers reliever Adam Liberatore in his first outing since his scoreless outings streak ended at 28 on Sunday. Was nursing a sore knee.
Dodgers starter Kenta Maeda lasted just 6 1/3 innings Friday. He has made it to seven innings just two times in 21 starts. The Dodgers have a 3-1 lead on the Diamondbacks.
It's sad seeing Tim Lincecum scuffle through this outing for the Angels. He already has six walks in the fourth inning, has allowed four hits and a couple more hard-hit outs. His ERA is 8.45 and I'm not sure there is much incentive for the Angels to keep running him out there.
Ichiro Suzuki had a quiet night at the plate by going 0-for-4, leaving him two hits shy of the 3,000 Hits Club, but he dazzled the home crowd by throwing out Kolten Wong at home.
Neil Walker discusses the Mets' futility with runners in scoring position.
Nothing would stop Wong from making this out.
Why doesn't baseball show close plays on video scoreboard? Disservice to those at games. @Twins
Terry Collins also noted that Jose Reyes may need to be placed on the disabled list. Reyes has been out since Game 1 of doubleheader on Tuesday with a strained intercostal muscle on his left side.
Terry Collins addressed the players after the game, telling the team they needed to keep things light. He figures putting so much pressure on themselves is hurting their run production.
As expected, Red Sox closer Craig Kimbrel will make a minor-league rehab assignment Saturday for Triple-A Pawtucket. Kimbrel, who had minor surgery July 11 to clean up a torn meniscus in his left knee, is expected to start the game and pitch one inning. He will be reevaluated Sunday, and if all goes well, he could rejoin the Red Sox next week in Seattle.
UPDATE: Ichiro (0-4) finishes game hitless in Marlins' 11-6 loss to Cardinals. He remains 2 hits shy of 3,000 in his MLB career.


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Book your room at Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites West Long Branch
Get an overview of this hotelHotel in West Long Branch with free breakfast and indoor pool
Situated in West Long Branch, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Monmouth Mall, Monmouth Park Racetrack, and MAC at Monmouth University. Monmouth University and New Jersey Repertory Company are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Hotel Features
Along with an indoor pool, this hotel has a fitness center and a 24-hour business center. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, dry cleaning, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 128 rooms offer free WiFi, coffee makers, and flat-screen TVs with satellite channels. Other amenities available to guests include free weekday newspapers, free local calls, and hair dryers.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites West Long Branch294 Highway 36 East West Long Branch NJ 07764
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites West Long Branch features an indoor pool and a fitness center. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. A 24-hour business center is on site. A complimentary breakfast is offered. This West Long Branch hotel also offers multilingual staff, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and laundry facilities. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour business center
- 24-hour front desk
- ATM/banking
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Fitness facilities
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 4
- Total number of rooms - 128
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free toiletries
- Free weekday newspaper
- Daily housekeeping
- Desk
- Flat-panel TV
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Satellite TV service
- Shower/tub combination
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an indoor pool and a fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time ends at Midnight
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is Noon
Payment types
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No cribs (infant beds) available
Hotel Name
- Holiday Inn Express Hotel West Long Branch
- Holiday Inn Express West Long Branch
- Holiday Inn Express Hotel And Suites West Long Branch
- Holiday Inn West Long Branch
- West Long Branch Holiday Inn


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I am a learning software developer. Right now I'm playing with Java. I have written lots of PHP code in the past, made some excursions to C#. For quite some time I've been a Windows user, but recently I moved back to Linux for convenience.
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Intermountain HealthcareShared publicly -
Did you know an estimated 48 million cases of foodborne illness occur annually? Learn more about being food safe at work and school: http://bit.ly/1cl26Q9
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text: Vero Beach Vero Beach Residents To Vote On Protecting Park Land By Jill Roberts • Oct 22, 2014 Shall City Charter Section 5.05 be amended as provided in Ordinance 2014-11 to add the following properties to limit their sale, lease, trade or gift, with listed exceptions, correct certain park names, and delete obsolete language:Crestlawn Cemetery, Old City Nursery, Block Manor Park, Charles Park, Jacoby Park, Alex MacWilliam Boat Basin Park, Piece of Pie Park, Pine Terrace Park, Royal Palm Pointe Park, Van Busch Park, Lake Rose, Leisure Square, Michael Field.You are eligible to vote in the City of Vero Beach Election if you live in precinct 17, 19, 23, 24, 25 The Blessing of the Animals in Vero Beach By Jill Roberts • May 5, 2014 The Humane Society of Vero Beach and Indian River County provides an opportunity for pet owners to have their four-legged friends blessed. The model for the Coppertone baby visits Vero Beach By Jill Roberts • Jun 5, 2013 Cheri Brand's mother used her as a model for the commercial art for the Coppertone Baby. A tale of two storms By Janie Gould • Oct 3, 2012 One was expected to be dangerous, and did little damage locally; the other was unexpected, and did a great deal of damage. Warren Winchester, a former mayor of Vero Beach, remembers both. Citrus leader, war veteran George Hamner dies in Vero Beach at 88 By Janie Gould • Oct 1, 2012 A decorated soldier who fought in the Pacific during World War II, Hamner reminisced about the war in an interview with Janie Gould in 2010, on the 65th anniversary of the war's end. Long-time resident has roots in Georgia town synonymous with sweet onions By Janie Gould • Sep 21, 2012 But when Mary Owen moved to Vero Beach in the mid-1940s, she found locally grown onions that were almost as good as Vidalias. Where the wild things were: Pocahontas Park zoo By Janie Gould • Sep 7, 2012 Indian River County Historical Society, Archive Center, Main Library The early attraction had alligators, monkeys and a large bear named Alice. Janice Johnson's father, Ivy Cato, took care of the park and the zoo animals. Remembering liver sausage and a mule-driven wagon By Janie Gould • Sep 7, 2012 Leona Law Carlsward, who came to Vero Beach in a covered wagon in 1921, also hasn't forgotten her parents' advice about thrift. Local couple trapped otters to raise household cash By Janie Gould • Jun 20, 2012 Indian River County native Edna MacPherson and her late husband shipped otter skins to Northern markets, where they were made into coats and hats. They made enough money that way to buy a couple of appliances for their home and pay for a power hook-up from Vero Beach. Political wager in '48 race led to wheelbarrow parade in Vero By Janie Gould • Jun 15, 2012 Local interest in the 1948 gubernatorial race was intense, because both major candidates had strong local ties. Two Vero Beach men who supported opposing candidates bet a wheelbarrow ride and ice-cream cone on the outcome. Pages1 2 next › last »


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|Part of a series on
|Islamic culture
A hijab (/hɪˈdʒɑːb/, /hɪˈdʒæb/, /ˈhɪ.dʒæb/ or /hɛˈdʒɑːb/;[1][2][3][4] Arabic: حجاب ḥijāb, pronounced [ħiˈdʒæːb] or [ħiˈɡæːb]) is a veil that covers the head and chest, which is particularly worn by some postmenarchal Muslim women in the presence of adult males outside of their immediate family. It can further refer to any head, face, or body covering worn by Muslim women that conforms to a certain standard of modesty. Hijab can also be used to refer to the seclusion of women from men in the public sphere, or it may embody a metaphysical dimension – Al-hijab refers to "the veil which separates man or the world from God".[5]
Most often, it is worn by Muslim women as a symbol of modesty and privacy. According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World, modesty in the Quran concerns both men's and women's "gaze, gait, garments, and genitalia."[6] The Qur'an admonishes Muslim women to dress modestly.[7] Some Islamic legal systems define this type of modest dressing as covering everything except the face and hands in public.[5][8] These guidelines (for covering of the entire body except for the hands, the feet and the face) are found in texts of fiqh and hadith developed after the revelation of the Qur'an but, according to some, are derived from the verses (ayahs) referencing hijab in the Qur'an.[6] Some believe that the Qur'an itself does not mandate that women wear hijab.[9][10]
The term hijab in Arabic literally means "a screen or curtain" and is used in the Qur'an to refer to a partition. The Qur'an tells the male believers (Muslims) to talk to the wives of Muhammad behind a curtain. This curtain was the responsibility of the men and not the wives of Muhammad. This leads some to claim that the mandate of the Qur'an to wear hijab applies to the wives of Muhammad, not women generally.[11][12] Αlthough hijab is often seen by critics as a tool utilized by men to control and silence women, the practice is understood differently in different contexts.[13]
- 1 In Islamic texts
- 2 Dress code required by hijab
- 3 Sartorial hijab as practiced
- 4 Historical and cultural explanations
- 5 Modern practice
- 6 Hijab by country
- 7 See also
- 8 Notes
- 9 References
- 10 External links
In Islamic texts[edit]
The Quran instructs both Muslim men and women to dress in a modest way, but it doesn't insist on covering the head:
"Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and be modest" (surah 24:30)
The clearest verse on the requirement of the hijab is surah 24:30–31, asking women to draw their khimār over their bosoms.[14][15]
And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their khimār over their breasts and not display their beauty except to their husband, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their (Muslim) women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. (Quran 24:31)
In the following verse, the wives of Muhammad are asked to wear clothes (when they go out), as a measure to distinguish themselves from others, so that they are not harassed. Surah 33:59 reads:[15]
Those who harass believing men and believing women undeservedly, bear (on themselves) a calumny and a grievous sin. O Prophet! Enjoin your wives, your daughters, and the wives of true believers that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): That is most convenient, that they may be distinguished and not be harassed. [...] (Quran 33:58–59)
Alternative views[edit]
Some Muslims take a relativist approach to hijab. They believe that the commandment to maintain modesty must be interpreted with regard to the surrounding society. What is considered modest or daring in one society might not be considered so in another. It is important, they say, for believers to wear clothing that communicates modesty and reserve.[16]
Along with scriptural arguments, Leila Ahmed argues that head covering should not be compulsory in Islam because the veil predates the revelation of the Qur'an. Head-covering was introduced into Arabia long before Muhammad, primarily through Arab contacts with Syria and Iran, where the hijab was a sign of social status. After all, only a woman who need not work in the fields could afford to remain secluded and veiled.[11][17]
Ahmed argues for a more liberal approach to hijab. Among her arguments is that while some Qur'anic verses enjoin women in general to "draw their Jilbabs (overgarment or cloak) around them to be recognized as believers and so that no harm will come to them"[Quran 33:58–59] and "guard their private parts... and drape down khimar over their breasts [when in the presence of unrelated men]",[Quran 24:31] they urge modesty. The word "khimar" refers to a piece of cloth that covers the head, or headscarf.[18] While the term "hijab" was originally anything that was used to conceal,[19] it became used to refer to concealing garments worn by women outside the house, specifically the headscarf or khimar.[20]
Other verses do mention separation of men and women.
Abide still in your homes and make not a dazzling display like that of the former times of ignorance[Quran 33:32–33]
And when ye ask of them [the wives of the Prophet] anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain.[Quran 33:53]
According to at least three authors (Karen Armstrong, Reza Aslan and Leila Ahmed), the stipulations of the hijab were originally meant only for Muhammad's wives, and were intended to maintain their inviolability. This was because Muhammad conducted all religious and civic affairs in the mosque adjacent to his home:
People were constantly coming in and out of this compound at all hours of the day. When delegations from other tribes came to speak with Prophet Muhammad, they would set up their tents for days at a time inside the open courtyard, just a few feet away from the apartments in which Prophet Muhammad's wives slept. And new emigrants who arrived in Yatrib would often stay within the mosque's walls until they could find suitable homes.[11]
According to Ahmed:
By instituting seclusion Prophet Muhammad was creating a distance between his wives and this thronging community on their doorstep.[12]
They argue that the term darabat al-hijab ("taking the veil"), was used synonymously and interchangeably with "becoming Prophet Muhammad's wife", and that during Muhammad's life, no other Muslim woman wore the hijab. Aslan suggests that Muslim women started to wear the hijab to emulate Muhammad's wives, who are revered as "Mothers of the Believers" in Islam,[11] and states "there was no tradition of veiling until around 627 C.E." in the Muslim community.[11][12]
Another interpretation differing from the traditional states that a veil is not compulsory in front of blind men and men lacking physical desire.[21][22][23]
The Arabic word jilbab is translated as "cloak" in the following passage. Contemporary Salafis insist that the jilbab (which is worn over the Kimaar and covers from the head to the toe) worn today is the same garment mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadith; other translators have chosen to use less specific terms:
- Narrated Anas ibn Malik: "I know (about) the Hijab (the order of veiling of women) more than anybody else. Ubay ibn Ka'b used to ask me about it. Allah's Apostle became the bridegroom of Zaynab bint Jahsh whom he married at Medina. After the sun had risen high in the sky, the Prophet invited the people to a meal. Allah's Apostle remained sitting and some people remained sitting with him after the other guests had left. Then Allah's Apostle got up and went away, and I too, followed him till he reached the door of 'Aisha's room. Then he thought that the people must have left the place by then, so he returned and I also returned with him. Behold, the people were still sitting at their places. So he went back again for the second time, and I went along with him too. When we reached the door of 'Aisha's room, he returned and I also returned with him to see that the people had left. Thereupon the Prophet hung a curtain between me and him and the Verse regarding the order for (veiling of women) Hijab was revealed." Sahih al-Bukhari, 7:65:375, Sahih Muslim, 8:3334
- Narrated Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya, Ummul Mu'minin: "When the verse 'That they should cast their outer garments over their persons' was revealed, the women of Ansar came out as if they had crows hanging down over their heads by wearing outer garments." 32:4090. Abū Dawud classed this hadith as authentic.
- Narrated Safiya bint Shaiba: "Aisha used to say: 'When (the Verse): "They should draw their veils (Khumur) over their necks and bosoms (juyyub)," was revealed, (the ladies) cut their waist sheets at the edges and covered their faces with the cut pieces.'" Sahih al-Bukhari, 6:60:282, 32:4091.
Dress code required by hijab[edit]
Traditionally, Muslims have recognized many different forms of clothing as satisfying the demands of hijab.[24] Debate focused on how much of the male or female body should be covered. Different scholars adopted different interpretations of the original texts.
Detailed scholarly attention has focused on prescribing female dress in conformity with hijab. The four major Sunni schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali) hold that the entire body of the woman, except her face and hands – though a few clerics[who?] say face, hands – must be covered during prayer and in public settings (see Awrah). There are those who allow the feet to be uncovered as well as the hands and face.[25][26]
It is recommended that women wear clothing that is not form fitting to the body: either modest forms of western clothing (long shirts and skirts), or the more traditional jilbāb, a high-necked, loose robe that covers the arms and legs. A khimār or shaylah, a scarf or cowl that covers all but the face, is also worn in many different styles. Some scholars encourage covering the face, while some follow the opinion that it is only not obligatory to cover the face and the hands but mustahab (Highly recommended). Other scholars oppose face covering, particularly in the West, where the woman may draw more attention as a result. These garments are very different in cut from most of the traditional forms of ħijāb, and they are worn worldwide by Muslims.
Many Muslim scholars believe that it is a basic requirement of Islamic law that women keep their hair and bodies covered in the presence of people of the opposite sex other than close family members (those close enough to be forbidden to marry—see mahram). These include the Iraqi Shia Marja' (Grand Ayatollah) Ali al-Sistani;[27] the Sunni Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Issuing Fatwas in Saudi Arabia;[28] and others.[29] According to some interpretations, these requirements extend to non-Muslim women as well. Some believers go so far as to specify exactly which areas of the body must be covered. In some cases, this is everything but the eyes, but most require that women cover everything but the face and hands. In nearly all Muslim cultures, young girls are not required to wear a ħijāb. There is not a single agreed age when a woman should begin wearing a ħijāb—but in many Muslim cultures, puberty is the dividing line.
In private, and in the presence of close relatives (mahrams), rules on dress relax. However, in the presence of the husband, most scholars stress the importance of mutual freedom and pleasure of the husband and wife.[30]
The burqa (also spelled burka) is the garment that covers women most completely: either only the eyes are visible, or nothing at all. Originating in what is now Pakistan, it is more commonly associated with the Afghan chadri. Typically, a burqa is composed of many yards of light material pleated around a cap that fits over the top of the head, or a scarf over the face (save the eyes). This type of veil is cultural as limited to the people of that part of the world.
It has become tradition that Muslims in general, and Salafis in particular, believe the Qur'an demands women wear the garments known today as jilbāb and khumūr (the khumūr must be worn underneath the jilbāb). However, Qur'an translators and commentators translate the Arabic into English words with a general meaning, such as veils, head-coverings and shawls.[31] Ghamidi argues that verses [Quran 24:30] teach etiquette for male and female interactions, where khumūr is mentioned in reference to the clothing of Arab women in the 7th century, but there is no command to actually wear them in any specific way. Hence he considers head-covering a preferable practice but not a directive of the sharia (law).[32]
Although certain general standards are widely accepted, there has been little interest in narrowly prescribing what constitutes modest dress for Muslim men. Many scholars recommend that men should cover themselves from the navel to the knees.[33] It is also widely accepted that male clothes should not be tight-fitting or "glamorous".[33]
According to some sources, Muslim men should not wear gold jewelry, silk clothing, or adornments that are considered feminine.[34][35]
Fadwa El Guindi, a prominent Islamic scholar, writes, "Confining the study of the veil, just like the study of women, to the domain of gender in lieu of society and culture narrows the scope in a way that limits cultural understanding and theoretical conceptualization"[citation needed]
Sartorial hijab as practiced[edit]
In Iran, where wearing the hijab is legally required, women, especially younger ones, have taken to wearing transparent and very loosely worn hijabs.
In Turkey, where the hijab was formerly banned in private and state universities and schools, 11% of women once wore it, though 60% wore traditional non-Islamic headscarves, figures of which are often confused with hijab.[36][37][38] However, the ban was lifted from universities in 2011, from government buildings in 2013,[39] and from schools in 2014.[40]
Historical and cultural explanations[edit]
The term hijab is never used in the Qur'an to describe an article of clothing.[41] The only verses in the Qur'an that specifically reference women's clothing, are those promoting modesty, instructing women to guard their private parts and throw a scarf over their heads to their bosoms in the presence of men.[41] The contemporary understanding of the hijab dates back to Hadith when the "verse of the hijab" descended upon the community in 627 CE.[42] Now documented in Sura 33:53 the verse states, "And when you ask [his wives] for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts".[43] This verse, however, was not addressed to women in general, but exclusively to Muhammad's wives. As Muhammad's influence increased, he entertained more and more visitors in the mosque, which was then his home. Often, these visitors stayed the night only feet away from his wives' apartments. It is commonly understood that this verse was intended to protect his wives from these strangers.[44] During Muhammad's lifetime other women in the Ummah (Muslim community) also observed the hijab. However, the term for donning the veil, darabat al-hijab, was used interchangeably with "being Muhammad's wife".[45] As stated by Reza Aslan, "The veil was neither compulsory nor widely adopted until generations after Muhammad's death, when a large body of male scriptural and legal scholars began using their religious and political authority to regain the dominance they had lost in society as a result of the Prophet's egalitarian reforms".[44] Other scholars point out that the Qur'an does not require women to wear veils; rather, it was a social habit picked up with the expansion of Islam. However, these views are considered secular and un-islamic and not accepted by the majority of Islamic scholars. In fact, since it was not practiced by some working women to wear veils, "A veiled woman silently announced that her husband was rich enough to keep her idle."[46]
Pre-Islamic veiling practices[edit]
Veiling did not originate with the advent of Islam. Statuettes depicting veiled priestesses precede all three Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam), dating back as far as 2500 BCE.[47] Elite women in ancient Mesopotamia and in the Byzantine, Greek, and Persian empires wore the veil as a sign of respectability and high status.[48] In ancient Mesopotamia, Assyria had explicit sumptuary laws detailing which women must veil and which women must not, depending upon the woman's class, rank, and occupation in society. Veiling was meant to "differentiate between 'respectable' women and those who were publicly available".[48] Female slaves and unchaste women were explicitly forbidden to veil and suffered harsh penalties if they did so. Veiling was thus a marker of rank and exclusive lifestyle, subtly illustrating upper-class women's privilege over women in lower classes in the Assyrian community.
Strict seclusion and the veiling of matrons were in place in Roman and Byzantine society as well. Between 550 and 323 B.C.E, prior to Christianity, respectable women in classical Greek society were expected to seclude themselves and wear clothing that concealed them from the eyes of strange men.[49] These customs influenced the later Byzantine empire where proper conduct for girls entailed that they be neither seen nor heard outside their home. Like in Assyrian law, respectable women were expected to veil and low-class women were forbidden from partaking in the practice. In Classical Rome, the Emperor Augustus encouraged his citizens all around the Mediterranean to enter temples "capo velato" literally "with their heads veiled", by which he intended clothing that did not differ much from traditional Saudi clothing for men and women today. Augustus himself appeared like this in propaganda pictures and temple portraits (see the Ara Pacis temple in Rome). The Romans were embedded in a larger Mediterranean/Middle Eastern milieu with roots in Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Egypt, and they transmitted this legacy to both the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire, which today constitute approximately the Muslim Mediterranean (and parts of the Middle East) and Europe.
By the 5th and 6th centuries, societies of the Mediterranean Middle East were dominated by Christian and some Jewish populations. At the inception of Christianity, Jewish women were veiling the head and face. In Judaic scripture, Genesis 24:65, Numbers 5:18 and Isaiah 47:2 are references in the Old Testament refer to a headcovering for women. Although there is no positive command for women to cover their heads in the Old Testament, there are non-canonical rabbinical writings on tzniut, meaning "modesty".[50]
There is also a tradition of Christian headcovering for women, rooted in 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 and supported by various early Church Fathers[51][52][53][54][55] Early Christian art shows women wearing headcoverings.[56] The practice of head-covering gradually disappeared from most churches over the course of the twentieth century, but still persists in the form of nuns "taking the veil," and many orders of nuns' religious habits resemble the chador, the full-body cloak that leaves only the face exposed, which is worn as a form of hijab by some women, particularly in Iran. Some think that the word habarah (a complex cloak and veil traditional in Egypt) itself derives from early Christian and Judaic religious vocabulary."[57] Scholar Leila Ahmed argues that "Whatever the cultural source or sources, a fierce misogyny was a distinct ingredient of Mediterranean and eventually Christian thought in the centuries immediately preceding the rise of Islam."[58]
During the period directly preceding the Muslim conquest in 640 CE, the Sassanids ruled in Mesopotamia. Customs of Persian royalty at the time of the first Persian conquest of Mesopotamia continued to be practiced and became even more elaborate under the Sassanids. In addition to acknowledging the monotheistic religion of Zoroastrianism among the upper classes, such customs included large harems of women and, of most note for this article, veiling. Some scholars postulate that the customs of veiling and seclusion of women in early Islam were assimilated from the conquered Persian and Byzantine societies and then later on they were viewed as appropriate expressions of Quranic norms and values.
Thus, successive invasions during the Muslim conquest led to some synthesis in the cultural practices of Greek, Persian, and Mesopotamian empires and the Semitic peoples of the regions.[57] Because Islam identified with the monotheistic religions of the conquered empires, the practice was adopted as an appropriate expression of Qur'anic ideals regarding modesty and piety.[59] Veiling gradually spread to upper-class Arab women, and eventually it became widespread among Muslim women in cities throughout the Middle East. It gradually spread among urban populations, becoming more pervasive under Ottoman rule as a mark of rank and exclusive lifestyle.[57] Women in rural areas were much slower to adopt veiling because the garments interfered with their work in the fields.[60]
The mid-twentieth century saw a resurgence of the hijab in Egypt after a long period of decline as a result of the westernization of Egypt under the rule of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The hijab, veil, often taken to mean suppression of the Islamic woman, began to symbolize a commitment to "the service of the Islamic call [to help] devastated families."[61] The veil became a liberating symbol of being an Islamic woman with a cause for social justice.
Overall, the hijab is meant to highlight the individual's relationship with Allah. Many scholars[who?] believe that the hijab was a source of separation, in which to allow Muhammad's wives to find oneness with Allah.
Contemporary context[edit]
The mid-1970s marked a period in which college aged Muslim men and women began a movement meant to reunite and rededicate themselves to the Islamic faith.[62][63] This movement was named the Sahwah,[64] or awakening, and was and sparked a period of heightened religiosity that spread across the east that was evident in every aspect of the believers life through the ways in which they chose to dress themselves.[62] The uniform adopted by the young female pioneers of this movement was named al-Islāmī (Islamic dress) and was made up of an "al-jilbāb—an unfitted, long-sleeved, ankle-length gown in austere solid colors and thick opaque fabric—and al-khimār, a head cover resembling a nun's wimple that covers the hair low to the forehead, comes under the chin to conceal the neck, and falls down over the chest and back".[62] In addition to the basic garments that were mostly universal within the movement, additional measures of modesty could be taken depending on how conservative the followers wished to be. Some women choose to also utilize a face covering (al-niqāb) that leaves only eye slits for sight, as well as both gloves and socks in order to reveal no visible skin.
Soon this movement expanded outside of the youth realm and became a more widespread Muslim practice. Women viewed this way of dress as a way to both publicly announce their religious beliefs as well as a way to simultaneously reject western influences of dress and culture that were prevalent at the time. Despite many criticisms of the practice of hijab being oppressive and detrimental to women's equality,[63] many Muslim women view the way of dress to be a positive thing. It is seen as a way to avoid harassment and unwanted sexual advances in public and works to desexualize women in the public sphere in order to instead allow them to enjoy equal rights of complete legal, economic, and political status. This modesty was not only demonstrated by their chosen way of dress but also by their serious demeanor which worked to show their dedication to modesty and Islamic beliefs.[62]
Controversy erupted over the practice. Many people, both men and women from backgrounds of both Islamic and non-Islamic faith questioned the hijab and what it stood for in terms of women and their rights. There was questioning of whether in practice the hijab was truly a female choice or if women were being coerced or pressured into wearing it.[62] Many instances, such as a period of forced veiling for women in Iran, brought these issues to the forefront and generated great debate from both scholars and everyday people.
As the awakening movement gained momentum, its goals matured and shifted from promoting modesty and Islamic identity towards more of a political stance in terms of retaining support for Islamic nationalism and to resist western influences. Today the hijab means many different things for different people. For Islamic women who choose to wear the hijab it allows them to retain their modesty, morals and freedom of choice.[63] They choose to cover because they believe it is liberating and allows them to avoid harassment. Many people (both Muslim and non-Muslim) are against the wearing of the hijab and argue that the hijab causes issues with gender relations, works to silence and repress women both physically and metaphorically, and have many other problems with the practice. This difference in opinions has generated a plethora of discussion on the subject, both emotional and academic, which continues today.
Ever since September 11, 2001, the discussion and discourse on the hijab has intensified. Many nations have attempted to put restrictions on the hijab, which has led to a new wave of rebellion by women who instead turn to covering and wearing the hijab in even greater numbers.[63][65] Some of the more notable events that have occurred in the recent past can be read about in the further reading section.
Modern practice[edit]
Wearing the hijab in Kazakhstan is not prohibited, but is widely criticized as a foreign custom (the traditional scarf worn by Central Asian married women resemble the bandana, not the hijab), because it was not practiced until the fall of the USSR and the arrival of foreign Islamic missionaries.
Governmental enforcement and bans[edit]
Some governments encourage and even oblige women to wear the hijab, while others have banned it in at least some public settings.
Some Muslims believe hijab covering for women should be compulsory as part of sharia, i.e. Muslim law. Wearing of the hijab was enforced by the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The Taliban's Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan required women to cover not only their head but their face as well, because "the face of a woman is a source of corruption" for men not related to them.[66] Today, covering face by niqab is compulsory in many sacred places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Turkey, Tunisia, and Tajikistan are Muslim-majority countries where the law prohibits the wearing of hijab in government buildings, schools, and universities. In Tunisia, women were banned from wearing hijab in state offices in 1981 and in the 1980s and 1990s more restrictions were put in place.[67] In 2008 the Turkish government attempted to lift a ban on Muslim headscarves at universities, but were overturned by the country's Constitutional Court.[68] In December 2010, however, the Turkish government ended the headscarf ban in universities.[69]
Iran went from banning hijab in 1936 to making it compulsory in 1979. The tradition of veiling hair in Iranian culture has ancient pre-Islamic origins,[70] but the widespread custom was forcibly ended by Reza Shah's regime in 1936, as it was incompatible with his modernizing ambitions. The police arrested women who wore the veil and would forcibly remove it, and these policies outraged the Shi'a clerics, and ordinary men and women, to whom appearing in public without their cover was tantamount to nakedness. Many women refused to leave the house out of fear of being assaulted by Reza Shah's police.[71] Eventually rules of dress code were relaxed, and after Reza Shah's abdication in 1941 the compulsory element in the policy of unveiling was abandoned. According to Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, between 1941 and 1979, wearing hejab [hijab] was no longer offensive, but still considered it to be a real hindrance to climbing the social ladder, a badge of backwardness and a marker of class. A headscarf, let alone the chador, prejudiced the chances of advancement in work and society not only of working women but also of men, who were increasingly expected to appear with their wives at social functions. At the time of the overthrow of the Shah's regime after Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini made a speech on the first International Women's Day declaring that women should wear the veil in state ministries.[72][73] This led to widespread demonstrations in March 1979 by women all across the country by women opposed to the imposition of the veil.[72][73] However, legally-imposed veiling gradually took hold: women not covering their hair and body in hijab were first denied the right to enter governmental institutions and facilities, and hijab ultimately became universally mandatory in 1984.[73] Under Penal Code provisions, women who refuse to wear the prescribed hijab will be sentenced to 72 lashes.[73]
Some Iranian women wear their headscarves far back on their heads revealing most of their hair. More conservative types of hijab like kimars and chadors are still widespread in government institutions, mosques, sacred places and conservative areas.
On March 15, 2004, France passed a law banning "symbols or clothes through which students conspicuously display their religious affiliation" in public primary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools. In the Belgian city of Maaseik, Niqāb has been banned since 2006.[74] On July 13, 2010, France's lower house of parliament overwhelmingly approved a bill that would ban wearing the Islamic full veil in public. There were 335 votes for the bill and one against in the 557-seat National Assembly.
In 2014 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was reported to have executed several women for not wearing niqab with gloves.[75]
In 2014 the Aceh Legislative Council passed Qanun Acara Jinayat (a sharia-based criminal procedures code) applying Islamic law to everyone in the province, including non-Muslims. This would compel non-Muslims to wear hijab. The bill is under national government review.[76]
Non-governmental enforcement[edit]
Non-governmental enforcement of hijab is found in many parts of the Muslim world.
Successful informal coercion of women by sectors of society to wear hijab has been reported in Gaza where Mujama' al-Islami, the predecessor of Hamas, reportedly used "a mixture of consent and coercion" to "'restore' hijab" on urban educated women in Gaza in the late 1970s and 1980s.[77]
Similar behaviour was displayed by Hamas itself during the First Intifada in Palestine. Though a relatively small movement at this time, Hamas exploited the political vacuum left by perceived failures in strategy by the Palestinian factions to call for a 'return' to Islam as a path to success, a campaign that focused on the role of women.[78] Hamas campaigned for the wearing of the hijab alongside other measures, including insisting women stay at home, segregation from men and the promotion of polygamy. In the course of this campaign women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed, with the result that the hijab was being worn 'just to avoid problems on the streets'.[79]
In Srinagar, India in 2001 an "acid attack on four young Muslim women ... by an unknown militant outfit [was followed by] swift compliance by women of all ages on the issue of wearing the chadar (head-dress) in public."[80][81][82]
Radicals in Gaza have been accused of attacking or threatening to attack the faces of women in an effort to intimidate them from wearing allegedly immodest dress.[83]
World Hijab Day[edit]
World Hijab Day is an annual event that takes place on February 1. The very first World Hijab Day was celebrated in 2013. Founded by Nazma Khan, it is a worldwide event that encourages Muslim and non-Muslim women to wear the hijab, and experience life of a Hijabi woman. This event showcases freedom and traditional aspect of hijab to the women of the 116 participating countries. In short, World Hijab Day is a way for the non-Hijabi woman to experience hijab from the other side.[84]
Hijab by country[edit]
See also[edit]
- ^ "Definition of hijab in Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)". Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ "Hijab – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ "Hijab noun – definition in British English Dictionary & Thesaurus – Cambridge Dictionary Online". Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ "Definition of hijab". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ a b Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, 2001, p.179-180
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (2003), p. 721, New York: Macmillan Reference USA
- ^ Martin et al. (2003), Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World, Macmillan Reference, ISBN 978-0028656038
- ^ Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008.
- ^ Irfi.org
- ^ Moroccoworldnews.com
- ^ a b c d e Aslan, Reza, No God but God, Random House, (2005), p.65–6
- ^ a b c Women and Gender in Islas: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate – Leila Ahmed – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 1992. ISBN 9780300055832. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ "Should the Hijab be banned in schools, public buildings or society in general?". Debate.org. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ Evidence in the Qur'an for Covering Women's Hair, IslamOnline.
- ^ a b Hameed, Shahul. "Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandment?," IslamOnline.net. October 9, 2003.
- ^ Syed, Ibrahim B. (2001). "Women in Islam: Hijab".
- ^ Ahmed, Leyla (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055838.
- ^ V.A. Mohamad Ashrof. Islam and gender justice:. Gyan Books, 2005. p. 130. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ Asma Afsaruddin; A. H. Mathias Zahniser. Humanism, culture, and language in the Near East. Eisenbrauns, 1997. p. 87. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ Asma Afsaruddin; A. H. Mathias Zahniser. Humanism, culture, and language in the Near East. Eisenbrauns, 1997. p. 95. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ "Is it ok to take off the kimar and niqab in front of a blind man?". Islamqa.info. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ Women revealing their adornment to men who lack physical desire retrieved 25 June 2012
- ^ Queer Spiritual Spaces: Sexuality and Sacred Places – Page 89, Kath Browne, Sally Munt, Andrew K. T. Yip - 2010
- ^ Kausar Khan, "Veiled Feminism: The dating scene looks a little different from behind the veil," Current (Winter 2007): 14-15.
- ^ The Hanbali school of thought also views the face as the awrah, though this view is rejected by Hanafis, Malikis and Shafi'is.
- ^ Hsu, Shiu-Sian. "Modesty." Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane McAuliffe. Vol. 3. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003. 403-405. 6 vols.
- ^ al-Sistani, Ali. "Question & Answer » Hijab (Islamic Dress)". The Official Website of the Office of His Eminence Al-Sayyid Ali Al-Husseini Al-Sistani. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ "Fatwas of the Permanent Committee: Women covering their faces and hands". General Presidency of Scholarly Research and Ifta'. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
- ^ Contributing Writer. "What Is the Islamic Rule of Wearing a Veil? [URL pending Wikipedia editor whitelisting]". Opposing Views.
- ^ Heba G. Kotb M.D., Sexuality in Islam, PhD Thesis, Maimonides University, 2004
- ^ See collection of Qur'an translations, compared verse by verse
- ^ Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, Mizan, Chapter: The Social Law of Islam, Al-Mawrid.
- ^ a b Naik, Zakir Abdul Karim (2006). Answers To Non Muslims' Common Questions About Islam. Islamic Research Foundation. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ Saleem, Shehzad (June 1999). "Wearing Silk", Renaissance-Monthly Islamic Journal, 9(6).
- ^ Whitaker, Brian (20 February 2007). "Hijab for men". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ Rainsford, Sarah (November 7, 2006). "Headscarf issue challenges Turkey". BBC News.
- ^ Rainsford, Sarah (2007-10-02). "Women condemn Turkey constitution". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ Clark-Flory, Tracy (2007-04-23). "Head scarves to topple secular Turkey?". Salon. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ "Turkey Lifts Longtime Ban on Head Scarves in State Offices". NY Times. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ "Turkey-lifts-ban-on-headscarves-at-high-schools". news24.com/. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 55.
- ^ Aslan, Reza (2005). No God but God. Random House. p. 65. ISBN 1-4000-6213-6.
- ^ "Surat Al-'Ahzab". Retrieved December 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Aslan, Reza (2005). No God but God. Random House. p. 66. ISBN 1-4000-6213-6.
- ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 56.
- ^ Bloom (2002), p.46-47
- ^ Kahf, Mohja (2008). From Royal Body the Robe was Removed: The Blessings of the Veil and the Trauma of Forced Unveiling in the Middle East. University of California Press. p. 27.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 15.
- ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 28.
- ^ Schiller, Mayer (1995). "The Obligation of Married Women to Cover Their Hair" (PDF). The Journal of Halacha 30: 81–108.
- ^ "Concerning the Trial and Tribulation that are to Come Upon Men". Pastor of Hermas. Ante-Nicene Fathers.
- ^ "On Clothes". The Instructor. Ante-Nicene Fathers.
- ^ Schaff, Philip (1994). Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 1-56563-116-1.[page needed]
- ^ Augustine. "How Man is the Image of God. Whether the Woman is Not Also the Image of God. How the Saying of the Apostle, that the Man is the Image of God, But the Woman is the Glory of the Man, is to Be Understood Figuratively and Mystically". On the Trinity. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ "Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume Four, Book One, Part Three—On the Veiling of Virgins". January 2012.
- ^ Shank, Tom (1988). Let Her Be Veiled. Eureka, MT: Torch Publications. pp. 51–8. OCLC 19708234.[unreliable source?]
- ^ a b c El Guindi, Fadwa; Sherifa Zahur. "Hijab". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 35.
- ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 36.
- ^ Esposito, John (1991). Islam: The Straight Path (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 99.
- ^ Leila Ahmed, The Veil's Resurgence from the Middle East to America: A Quiet Revolution,, p.111-112, Yale University Press, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e El Guindi, Fadwa; Zuhur, Sherifa. "Ḥijāb". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ^ a b c d Bullock, Katherine (2000). "Challenging Medial Representations of the Veil". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 17 (3): 22–53.
- ^ Elsaie, Adel. "Dr.". United States of Islam.
- ^ Winter, Bronwyn (2006). "The Great Hijab Coverup". Off Our Backs; a women's newsjournal 36 (3): 38–40. JSTOR 20838653.
- ^ M. J. Gohari (2000). The Taliban: Ascent to Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-110.
- ^ "Tunisia's Hijab Ban Unconstitutional". 11 October 2007. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ "Turkey's AKP discusses hijab ruling". Al Jazeera. 6 June 2008.
- ^ "Quiet end to Turkey's college headscarf ban". BBC News. 31 December 2010.
- ^ CLOTHING ii. In the Median and Achaemenid periods at Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^ El-Guindi, Fadwa, Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance, Berg, 1999
- ^ a b Sadeghi-Boroujerdi, Eskandar (11 June 2013). "The Post-Revolutionary Women's Uprising of March 1979: An Interview with Nasser Mohajer and Mahnaz Matin". IranWire. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d Shojaee, Mitra (8 February 2009). "چگونه در اوایل انقلاب حجاب اجباری شد [How early was veiling imposed after the revolution?]". Deutsche Welle Persian. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
- ^ Mardell, Mark. Dutch MPs to decide on burqa ban, BBC News, January 16, 2006. Accessed June 6, 2008.
- ^ Syrian Women Face Whipping and Execution for Breaking Sharia Dress Code
- ^ "Sharia should not apply for non-Muslims: Aceh ulema". Jakarta Post. February 8, 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
In anticipation of its enactment, on Wednesday sharia police pulled over female motorists in Banda Aceh who were not wearing a headscarf. Non-Muslim motorists were allowed to go with a warning to start covering their heads in public.
- ^ "Women and the Hijab in the Intifada", Rema Hammami Middle East Report, May–August 1990
- ^ Rubenberg, C., Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank (USA, 2001) p.230
- ^ Rubenberg, C., Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank (USA, 2001) p.231
- ^ Jain, Sandhya (14 August 2001). "Acid test in the face of acid attacks". The Pioneer.
- ^ Popham, Peter (in Delhi) (30 August 2001). "Kashmir women face threat of acid attacks from militants, ''Independent'', The (London)". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ^ "Kashmir women face acid attacks". BBC News. 10 August 2001. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ^ In 2006, a group in Gaza calling itself "Just Swords of Islam" is reported to have claimed it threw acid at the face of a young woman who was dressed "immodestly," and warned other women in Gaza that they must wear hijab. December 2, 2006 Gaza women warned of immodesty
- ^ "World Hijab Day". Worldhijabday.com.
- Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05583-8.
- Aslan, Reza, No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam, Random House, 2005
- Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09422-1.
- El Guindi, Fadwa (1999). Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance. Oxford: Berg. ISBN 1-85973-929-6.
- Elver, Hilal. The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion (Oxford University Press; 2012); 265 pages; Criticizes policies that serve to exclude pious Muslim women from the public sphere in Turkey, France, Germany, and the United States.
- Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
External links[edit]
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|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Hijab
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Media related to Hijab at Wikimedia Commons
- BBC drawings of different types of Islamic women's clothing
- ReOrienting the Veil, an educational website about Islamic veiling
Orthodox Islam[edit]
Contemporary Muslim opinion[edit]
- Why More Women Are Taking Off Hijab?.
- Niqab is not required
- The Last Straw! PDF (251 KB)
- The great burqa/niqab/hijab debate
- QuranicPath | Hijab & Niqab Not in the Qur'an
- [1] The Myth of the 'Islamic' headscarf by Omar Hussein Ibrahim.


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Smoking Bans
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Thanks for the post, bella. =)
The other day I was standing inside a bus stop shelter, which has painted right on it "no smoking" repeated all the way around it. However, these two boys came in because it was cold and the one asked if it was okay if he smoked in here. I actually wasn't sure how to respond, but I jumbled together a "yeah, uh, sure...?" I wasn't sure that was the right answer after I heard his friend say, "Why'd you even ask her?" in a super smug way that told me they weren't going to stop anyway. An older lady then walked in and he asked her as well, to which she said, "No, I'm sorry." They huffed off, seemingly upset and thinking the lady was a prude for saying so.
It was a NON smoking zone, but they didn't care.
I do realize though, this is not ALL smokers. For every smoker who acts this way, I know there are more than a few who would have been respectful and stayed outside (unless the shelter was empty).
Bella did mention a huge problem with smoking bans - being able to enforce such a ban at all. Unless the government is very strict, it won't work. Kind of like smoking marijuana where I live, or underage smoking and drinking. The government is very lax on these illegal activities, making the laws completely useless. I happened to be walking in a park when I noticed a bunch of teenagers smoking pot being confronted by police. Only one was arrested - the one who gave them the drugs. The drug use itself wasn't a big deal.
If smoking was to be banned in public places, it would just be another one of those pointless laws. Too many people do it to simply be able to enforce it.
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I'm working on a site which will feature profiles of users (who aren't users on the blog). These profiles will have some text, images and some other fields. In addition to this basic profile, each profile will have one or more image galleries. One profile can have multiple galleries, but one gallery can be 'owned' by only one profile.
I have been looking around the plugin database for keywords like author, galleries, image library, artist, photographer, profile etc., but I haven't found any plugin that does this.
Is there such a plugin or will I have to create custom taxonomies/post types to achieve this functionality?