text:
Hitler's forgotten Ally
Der vergessener Hitlers Verbündeter
Aliatul Nazist uitat al lui Hitler
Забытый союзник Гитлера
L'allié d'Hitler oublié
The truth about Ro-Mania 1941 – 2016
Ro-Mania will never be a part of Western Europe, no matter how hard they try !
1941 2016
Bankrupt Moldova's Crocodile Tears ( July 25,2016)
When a whole country is bankrupt, why not use the Jewish WWII tragedy as a money making machine ? The Chisinau crooks were famous for this already in WWII, Einsatz Gruppe D collaborators.
BUCHAREST, Romania – The Elie Wiesel Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania has praised Moldova's Parliament for condemning the Holocaust in the country.
An international commission said in a report published in 2004 that between 45,000 and 60,000 Jews were killed in regions controlled by today's Moldova in 1941, and between 105,000 and 120,000 Jews died after being transported from there to Trans-Dniester, then a region to the east of Moldova.
The report was overseen by Wiesel, the late Romanian-born Nobel-prize winner. It also said 50,000 Roma were deported to Trans-Dniester and 11,000 died.
Moldova's Parliament approved the report on July 22, condemning the "persecution and extermination of Jews" on Moldovan territory, something the Romanian institute praised Monday, though every second Moldavian citizen is an antisemite and could commit again the same crimes if needed . Worst EU burglars, bancomat skimmers , criminals and prostitution crooks along with their Romanian brothers.
Here we go again same Hitlerescus new Banditescus or future wars architected again from Romanian soil.
New world order,US missile defense incentive or the Deveselu lie
Amid intensified turmoil with Russia over Ukraine as well fears of losing grip on world policing US and their EU Allies officials insist the bases USN Deveselu, AFB Kogalniceanu and this due to be set at Redzikowo,Poland are solely intended to counter the threats of short and medium-range ballistic missiles, particularly from so-called "rogue" states such as Iran and N.Korea. The missile sites will include 24 land based SM-3 missiles and anti aircraft systems which were architected by Ronald Reagen , G.W. Bush and Obama Administrations and possibly be cancelled by Donald Trump once he emerged successful . The cooperation is mainly on paper reflecting US military interests in E.Europe and those Romanian and Polish financial interests in aid of their bankrupt economies a system which in case of war with Russia may inflict more damages than help the cause.
The defence system allows on-shore ,sea based ships and subs to intercept & shoot down enemy ballistic missiles while they are still in space. The interceptor missiles are fired to hit missiles before they re-enter the atmosphere stopping them well before of any danger of causing any damages. The Romanian site at Deveselu hosts USN radars and SM-3 missile interceptors, and will be integrated into Nato's missile shield when the NATO meets this summer somewhere at one of the Mania illnesses countries listed above.
Recently and as a sign of gratitude, NATO appointed their spokeperson a Romanian woman journalist a hilarious individual who is spreading lies nonsense and jokes on social media verbally attacking the Russians on behalf of NATO and us Europeans while we really don't give a shit for her nor care about who she is . NATO is nothing but a total mess a tax payers waste and a institution aimed at laying to public . No wonder EU public trust in NATO is lowest ever.
President Vladimir Putin has escalated Russian criticism of a new US missile defence station in Romania, saying his country will "neutralise emerging threats" he also argued it was aimed at weakening Russia's nuclear power and vowed to increase Russian defence spending.
Being 30 years on the military Aerospace industry, I discard the facts as just an other American wide spread lie , in fact you don't need to be a specialist to understand that the corrupt former Soviet satellites such as Romania, Poland , Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia and Ukraine in order to polish their bankrupt economies are agitating destabilising Europe taking advantage of weak US and EU leaderships using the Russian danger as a money tool for themselves . You also don't need to know history to understand that United States Intel communities are highly qualified in desinforming the public by presenting distored pictures as into Russia when it comes to loss of their old global influence and cover up their own fall.
Finally , if you would browse the Net, you will note that United States has multiple interception capability of incomming threats from anywhere in Hawai, USN Diego Garcia in Indian Ocean,Dhahran AB Saudia ,Lake AFB UK , Guam AFB , Kun San AFB S.Korea, Keflavik Iceland AFB ,Spain (Rota AB),Germany and Italy ( Aviano) etc. clearly indicating that the Romanian site is primarily aimed in provoking and threating Russian national security. Given these facts and beyond any doubt Russia sooner or later be forced to act in self defence by setting new strategic and tactical nuke missiles sites in Crimea and futher enhance their sea , land and air based war doctrines and capabilities.
Remember the numerous international conflicts United States has architected and provoked on the name of their industrial benefits since WWII especially the one in Maidan where CIA actively interfered and the on going provocations through Romania, Poland, Lithuania and Georgia . Remember Ike's words above . He was not Russian or German but an American who saw the devastating impacts of WWI and WWII. Also read about Cognitive Dissonance as into today's believes of those Romanestis .
1929 – 2016
United States of Bankrupt Americas of Ro-Mania
Polshamania,Georgiamania and other Mania ralated illnesses
Victory Day May 9th 1945 – May 9th 2016
Liar is one who denies Romanian atrocities in WWII
Pictorial review of Hitler's forgotten Ally & Romanian WWII Atrocities
Stay Away From Ro-Mania Sickness
NATO Member Nr. 24
1941 – 2016
Romanian was never a nationality but someone else political instrument
Romanian War Criminal, Marshal Ion Antonescu
WWII Mass Murderer Ion Antonescu leader of Romanian Hitlerescus and his bust errected in today's Romania, glorified as national hero.
Romania's Playboy & Europe's most double standard Monarch
Romania , complicity only second to Nazis
Why were the Romanescus spared the Nuerenberg trials ?
In today's Romania every 4th Romanian is a neo Nazi,nostalgic Legionnaire and an antisemitist. Fraud, crimes,prostitution,theft, bancomat skimming and troubles in Europe are mainly exported from Romania.
Under pressure by United States keen to upset and provoke Russian Federation while diverting public attention from their own economical state and decading society , Romania was brought into NATO and was given access to Foreign Military Sales and NATO inventories sustained by us the tax payers .By alowing US to station tactical missiles on Romanian soil, Romanian cities are on the data bank of every Russian land and sea base tactical weapon site .
So before you even starting to read my Blog take a look at some photos dated 1941 and 2016 and browse the Internet what other EU countries have to say about those Romania including their neighbours .
Romanestis & their German partners doings in WWII
Iasi and Bucharest pogroms 1941 and the "Escus" with Krautescus
2016 again"Escu" Hitlerescus & Americanescu "honoring" Holocaust victims
National guard soldiers, some of whom with EU criminal records
On the post WWII era, Federal Republic of Germany has paid Milliards of Marks in damages to various nations , holocaust victims, their families and became a leading humanitarian Nation assisting later on million of displaced people and refugees.
Romania however and thanks to Stalin didn't pay a cent to anyone and once again turned back into fascism , neo nazism , antisemitism , chauvinism and became one of the most fraudulent former Eastern European Nation nowadays . 80% of Western European thefts burglaries , bancomat skimming, Net fraud, etc are attributed to Romanian & Moldavian gangs . Google through Internet about Romanian and Moldavian fraud gangs and you will note I tell the truth and nothing but truth.
Anyone who frustrate Romanian & Moldavian deceptions is stampped as Jidani (Jews) Bolscheviks, Russians, Putin's trolls,Communists , Zionists etc. Don't put up with those Dracula's land primitiv volks, they aren't worth it ,be rather sorry for them and for what the Romanestis and NATO's member Nr 24 have become again in the year 2016 a.D with help of United States of America and EU.
I didn't design the Blog in 2012 for Romanians and Moldavians who may like to comment , think they know better history,deny the past , correct my grammer,bitch about my relligion ,the content or call me names, therefore I will not allow any posts and e-mails from both countries ,neither care about their opinions because they aren't worth a dime . This Blog was created to serve as a reminder what people in the name of politics and relligion from a country known as Dracula's land did to ethnics of their own fellow Romanian and Russian soil the occupied in WWII.
I was born in Bucharest , therefore I can speak the language but luckily was never a citizen of this country ,my family were not Bolscheviks, didn't sympathise with communists eventhough my dad worked for them . I am not Russian, I don't make any propaganda for Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Israel , Zionists , Communists or former Allies nor created my Blog for hire by Israel, Yad Vah Shem ,Simon Wiesenthal, Jewish Congresses or any Foreign Agency.
Also since many years I research WWII Romania & Ploiesti air campaigns and just because I dedicate my work to 9th ,15th Air Force and 205th Bomb Group histories it does mean I am sympathetic to US and UK or NATO of today , in fact contrary .
Contrary, my grand father (mom side ) fought in WWI and WWII in Romanian Army as Sergent then as Sen.Lt. my uncle (dad's side) was Sen.Leutenant (Locotenent Major ) in 10th Romanian Infantery Division, badly injured near Izmail or Ziganca on the famous fierced battle with the Soviet border guards or Soviet Black Sea Marines on 22.7.1941 then hospitalized in Bucharest. My other uncle was Colonel Doctor with 11th Romanian Army originally from Bessarabia. The husband of my coussin's mother was Lt.with Romanian Signal Corps who fought in Odessa and Ukraine. Later on he played contrabass at the Bucharest Filarmonic Orchestra .
As you can note my family members served Romania with their souls and hearts therefore and by no means this blog have whatsoever intention to defame , incite or lie regarding Romania's past and present .Everything is the truth and nothing but the truth reflecting Romania's WWII crimes.
On Aug 23, 1944 shortly before capitulation the above Idiotescu Hitlerescu by the name Gen.Ilie Steflea chief of Antonescu's general staff wrote to OKW / Hitler to not give in to the Bucharest's putchists and send more troops to Romania, luckily was thereafter executed, seen above with Gen.Loehr later on excuted by Tito
None of my family members were lost to Nazis ,Communists or ever detained in any camps . As into myself and as we speak, I work in the Aviation Industry since 1981. The son of my uncle became Doctor ranked Major in Romanian Air Force at the Divizia de Radiolocatie Alexeni and Otopeni AB ( Military Air Traffic Control ) in 1951-1963 while graduating the Romanian Military Academy in Bucharest.He was highly decorated ,beneath seen at Sinaia mid 50's with my family (on the left)
Cismigiu eras,Luftwaffe NCO's KBzbV 104, 1941 , me & dad 1954 and 2016
My dad's RPR decorations (ODM Cl.III,Steaua Cl.II,Meritul Mil Cl.II)
My uncle (dad side) served at Alexeni and Otopeni airfields as medic
our aviation oriented cat
Those claiming I hate or I consider all Romanians nazi, gipsies are a bunch of uneducated Romanians liars , coze gipsies didn't affiliate with Hitler and Antonescu nor murdered their own people during WWII . I don't hate intellectual and good Romanians if there any left in Romania who understand and remorse the unexcusable crimes and roles of their Nations WWII, however I hate Romanians of today and those from the past who promoted and continue to promote racism, fascism ,chauvinism, anarchy and antisemitism behave like gipsies , sympathise with Nazis,steal and defraud in Europe and those who campaign for Fascist systems like Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia etc.
The difference between Romanians and the gipsies, is that the gipsies didn't have an Army nor an Antonescu to murder ethnics and occupy Russia during WWII.
My grand father on post WWI era ( Sergent Infanterist) he fought in Bulgaria and Italy, seen here with my mom at Sinaia in 1926 and in Bucharest at his taylor shop, by then already Res.Locotenent Major. By trade he was a taylor working mainly for Royal Romanian Army . Two right photos above : Ziganca battle traces 1941
This is where my other uncle was interned on July 1941, Elisabeta Hospital Bucuresti photos (Willy Prager coll.)
* Because history repeats , don't forget Romania's past*
If you still doubt Romania's murderous WWII role, look beneath at the Romanian orders pinned at uniforms and photos of those SS war criminals , final solutions architects & their Romanian friends
WWII mass murderers, recepients of highest Romanian orders.
Hitler's right hand ,WWII Criminal in Chief, Hermann Goering
SS Commanders of Prinz Eugen ,Grossdeutschland & Viking Divisions
War Criminal Hasso Manteuffel , SS Gross Deutschland Panzer Brigade Commander released by the Brits in 1946 , an OSS puppet in post WWII era Federal Germany
(Hasso= Haas = Hate ) Manteuffel ( Mann -Man Teuffel-Devil )
and other SS mass murders seen in Bucharest wearing Romanian Star
SS war criminal mass murderer Max Simon freed by US OSS
On post WWII era, over 150'000 Nazis war criminals lived in the US and received Federal benefits
SS Brigadeführer Max Simon seen above in Odessa with Antonescu , freed by Canadians ,while Antonescu was executed. In the post WWII era United States,OSS,US Army and USAF have freed and reinstated to power Nazis and war criminals more than any other Nation.
American Benevolant Hypocricy 1941-2016
On post WWII era United States reinstated to power more Nazis ,Fascist Nations and provoked world conflicts more than any other Nation. Examples continue today in Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia,Estonia and other "mania" illness designated countries. Poland and Hungary are currently getting smarter turning away from most troubled world Nation and most professional hypocrite system where only the money,sex and power dictates, United States of Bankrupt Americas .
Luftwaffe pilots with thousands of Allied pilots blood on their hands freed by OSS
Romania campaigns vets Hartmann ,Backhorn and Rudel last one of the most fanatic WWII Nazi pilots, while Hartmann spent 10 years in a Russian POW camp, Backhorn and Rudel benefited of early release by the Americans thanks OSS . Simple German and Romanian NCO's / officers pilots who didn't committ any type of war crimes neither were ever motivated Nazis never returned from Russian prison camps and other died or executed in Romanian communist jails. What a mess .
* Nr 2 Romanian War Criminal the Adolf Hitler of Romania, SS General Artur Phleps*
Note Phelp's American origin car the standard Romanian Army inventory ,also remember the above Romanian and German officers photos were not just WWII photos but rather cold blooded war criminals who had the blood of more than 1'800 million Jews,Russians, Yugoslavian partizans, Allied POWs and Balkan civilians on their hands.
Above : the "Philosopher " Adolf Hitlerscu of Romania talking about conscience !
Above: shortly prior execution a recon partizan along with other captured by Phleps butchers
The end of a Romanian Volksdeutsche Nazi
While en route to a meeting with Himmler in Berlin, Phleps and his escort made a detour to asses the situation near Arad ,Romania after receiving reports of Red Army advances near that area. Accompanied only by his adjutant and his driver totally unaware of the presence of Red Army units in the vicinity, he entered Simand, a village approximately 12 miles north of Arad,Romania on the afternoon of 21 September 1944.
Failed to be warned by the villagers on Soviet recon units presence ,Phleps and his men were ambushed and captured by a forward Soviet recon platoon then brought in for interrogation. When the compound in which they were held was raided later that afternoon by Luftwaffe SG-2 JU-87 dive bombers which relocated after Romania's capitulation to Hungaria , the prisoners tried to escape and later on details were released as being shot by their guards.
However on his Bio the author Bergel eventually stuck to Romanian General Dumitrescu statement suspecting that Phleps had been set up by the Hungarian army officers who had found out that Phleps was knowledgeable of Hungaria plans to switch sides as Romania had done on Aug 23,1944 .
Commanders infantery platoon 3rd Ukr.Army who captured Phleps, mid shot at Victory Parade,note the US Silver Star award (2nd left ).Tito's Army & Soviets ( left)
There are three other circulating theories about his death which none can be verified one of which that Tito's partizans which carried bloody battles against Prinz Eugen Division in Mostar set him the ambush together with the Soviets. His body was later on cremated by the Soviets .
The criminal had a son SS Obersturmfuehrer Dr.med. Reinhart Phleps ,a battalion doctor serving in the 7th SS Mountain Division. His wife's name was Grete and in addition to their son Reinhart, they had a daughter called Irmingard.Seen below with his son .
Phleps & son
One of Phleps' brothers became a doctor, and the other was a professor at the Danzig University . His grandson is still a Dentist by the same name as this of his son in Bavaria . Nowadays he is remembered in Maramures 7 Buergen , Romania by Saxonian Romanians a honored personality. I can't explain on how EU and NATO's member Nr 24 legalise such things ,but since Fascism in on rise again in Europe and US (Putin is right ) history repeats, also amased on how WWII criminals families managed to get along on the post WWII era.
* Nr 3 Romanian Volksdeutsche Nazi Gen.H.Schwab *
WWI Romanian officer former POW in Russia on November 1914 captured on the Galitian Front. Four years after his captured returned to Transylvania in 1918 by train along with other Austro Hungarian POW's who were repatriated after the Bresk Litovsk peace treaty. By the end of WWI Schwab was a reservist Captain, but a year later in 1919 upon his request was again registered again on Romanian Army active duty. As of 1921 he was stationed at the Tugu Mures garrison. Promoted in due course to Colonel în 1928 was then again promoted as Brig.General in 1931 and later on as Maj.General . On 1941 was commander of 9th Romanian Infantery Divison participated on the Russian campaign were he and his units were involved on numerous war atrocities against local Jewish, Russian population and Red Army in Crimea .
The end of an other Romanian Nazi
On Aug 24,1944 a day after Romania switched side he was commanding the 7 Romanian Infantery Mountain Divsion . Knowledgeable being put on the war criminals list by the Soviets expected to be arrested he committed suicide near Humulesti on Aug 24,1944. Also this rat is remembered as citizen of honour by Romanian Saxonian community. Hugo Schwab is buried on Agapian Monestry in Moldova an on his grave's ortodox cross is stated : Hero General Hugo Schwab died on Aug 24,1944.
* Nr 4 Romanian Nazi General G.Avramescu *
Gheorghe Avramescu (26 January 1888 – 3 March 1945) was a Romanian Lt.General during WWII. He served as General Officer Commanding of a number of army units: the 10th Division in 1941, the Mountain Corps later that year, the III Corps in 1943, and the VI Corps and 4th Army from 1944 to 1945. In 1945, he was arrested by the Soviets as Nazi collaborator. In 1941 he was the commanding officer of my grand father ( mother side ) batallion. I am posting the photos of those Romanian war criminals in order that their crimes will never be forgotten. Avramescu apart his body language similar to Phelps he too was a convinced Nazi who committed war atrocities with no remorse whatsoever.
Left to right : Avramescu with Manstein, Avramescu, Felicia Avramescu and Avramescu
On March 2, 1945 back from Luceneck Slovakia summoned to Malinowsky HDQ through general Jmashenko, general Avramescu was convoked to the commander of 40th Soviet Army Hdq general polkovnik Jmaschenko . After an hour, the Romanian delegation was announced that Avramescu and Gen.Polkovnik Filip Fedorovici Jmaschenko left for command barracks of the 2nd Ukrainian Front where they were expected by Marshal Malinovski.
In fact, General Avramescu was arrested by NKVD on the way to Malinowsky's Hdq by the orders of Stalin's famous friend the bloody Soviet State Attorney Vischinsky due to persisting disagreements between Avramescu and him as into Petru Groza appointment into the new Romanian government then executed on spot with a shot on the head . As into Vishinsky see the famous Stalinist show trials in 1937 and Marshal Tuhatschevsky & Red Army trials 1937-1940.
Gen.P.Jmashenko , Felicia Avramescu
Already on November 1944 his son in law escaped to Germany after being removed from Romanian Army lines seeking OKW and Abwher protection . Since then Avramescu family was under constant watch by NKVD . On August 17,1944 Avramescu requested Antonescu to retreat the Romanian troops to "Traian " line to prevent a total frontal collapse due to the displacement of the 4th Armoured German Division elsewhere which could have not been prevented anyways.
The rumours circulating in Romania describing Avramescu's generosity in Crimea with the Russian population in 1943 and himself as a human officer are not only exagerated but way apart from reality citing erroneous old NKVD tacticts destined in desinforming the Romanian Army,SSI and Abwehr during the final Romanian retreat from the East . In fact the Soviets disliked any of the Romanian Royal army chain of command officers after Axis invasion in Russia not even Tudor Vladimirescu Division was really liked by Soviets.
Romanian 4th Army was then placed under command of general Nicolae Dăscălescu, who exhausted every effort with the Soviets to determine the whereabouts of Avramescu and his fate. General Polkovnik Jamtschenko promised to find out more about Avramescu's destiny through the Romanian Minister of Defence or the Romanian General Staf and through Malinowsky general HDQ. Malinowsky seems to have somehow appreciated Avramescu's command capabilities.
General Nicolae Dăscălescu a capable personality
On March 3, 1945 Adela Avramescu's (wife) and Felicia (daughter) were arrested and sent through Hungaria to Lubianka and then deported to camps in Omsk and then Novosibirsk, Sibera. 3 Days later somewhere in Hungaria or enroute to Moscow the youngest daughter who was a Romanian Army nurse committed suicide rather than poisoned by NKVD as claimed by Romanian historians in an NKVD jail at Yashkisher, Hungaria ; His wife Adela returned in Romania in 1956 .
In order to keep some of the Romanian Army leaders sentiments low , Soviet Allied Commission Bucharest announced that Avramescu was " killed "in 3 March 1945 (the very same day of the arrest of his family), allegedly during an aerial attack by a German fighter to the military vehicle which he used, and his body was buried in Budapest Soshalom cemetery. The car in which he sat in the back was hit by a single aerial bullet, the one which also to killed this war criminal. This was the official Soviet version about his death.
The end of an other Romanian Nazi
When was determined that instead obeying Malinowsky's directives he caused frictions and strains with Vishinskys while trying to establish contacts with SS Special Ops Group Otto Skorzeny and OKW in Berlin presumably through his son in law ,he was secretly executed on spot by NKVD something he must have deserved earlier on when Romanian Army capitulated on Aug 23 ,1944 and not later while commanding Romanian Army again .
There is nothing mysterious or strange about his death he was simply executed and appropriate details and records about his death cause with great certainty are available at Russian Federation Military and FSB Archives in Moscow ; His glorification by the current and post communist Romanian Governments is unexcusable towards humanity in similar to Antonescu's glorification something that United States and EU didn't bother to pay attention to while letting Romania in NATO .
* Dottori Strangelove *
1940-1945 WWII architects
Hitlerescu Stalinescu , Romanescu Hitlerescu , Stalinescu Romanescu , Romanescu Antisemitescu, Romanescu Talharescu, Romanescu Shovinescu , Romanescu Idiotescu and so on……
"Antonescu's final Romanian solution "
Prelude to mass murder
Translation of Romanian inscitement propaganda poster 1941
* Peasant Brothers *
The peasants work hard , the dirty Jews make profit out of you. The peasants working and the Communist peasants get lazy, peasant brothers, the other and the Jews make profit out of your work , the Jew millers bakers and dealers make profits – You work hard for the Jews and politicians. Some of them upset you with lies and the other get you dizzy with drinks. They even pay your drinks with your money by increasing the cost of the merchandise you depend on.
* Christian Brothers *
The time has come to wake up ,don't vote for those who shook hands with the dirty Jews, don't vote for the Liberals and Peasant Party vote with the good Romanians. Vote with us the National Christian Party against those gangsters who plundered our country.
Translation of classified Romanian Siguranta ( SSI) document May 1944
On the night of 3/4 May 1944 during a bomb raid, at the air raid shelter near Cismigiu Bucharest there was a scandal folowed by a brawl provoked by a German officer or an NCO who upon public demand , refused to estinguish his cigarette. Due to his arrogant and refusing manner , he was applied a prompt corrective action. With this occassion is worth to mention the sentiment and bad spirit of the our population against the presence of the German troops in Bucharest. From the province town of Brasov we were notified that the Artist Ion Aurel Manolescu was run by a German military vehicle while leaving the Radio Station. The victim is in critical condition.
At first looked like a peaceful cooperation
The Begining of the End
above : Those who started WWII
above : Those who suffered
Hitlerescus Allies who rode,rotten and festered in Hell 1941-1944
2016 -Romanescu Hitlerescu-Ukrainienko-Hitlerenko
Example by leadership Romania 1941 – 1944
None of these leaders Mr and Mrs Antonesu, Mihai and subordinates were Jews, neither von Killinger and his German subordinates ,only the dirty Jidanii plundered Romania, fact is these leaders inspired their peasants best. The politicians beneath were caught minding their own private business interests rather the this of their Nation and their citizens. Until war's end one of them would commit suicide,the other along with his puppets would be executed at Jilava his wife died exiled somewhere in Romania, Mihai is still alive ,rest of the crooks are in hell anyways and yet nobody in Romania called them Jews neither any of their relatives were suffered any war atrocities. The shots beneath were taken with and at Julius Meinl Coffee empire in Bucharest, which was reinstated again in present Romania.
If you don't know who Max Killinger was ,then he was a Reichskommissar who along with SS R.Heydrich were ex officers of the German Imperial German Navy best Antonescu's family friends together with Antonescu they architected the Romanian Holocaust .He commited suicide after shooting his German mistress secretary a day after Romania turned weapons against Germany to avoid capture by the Soviet troops who were nearing Bucharest . If you still don't know who he was he was more of a Nazi than Hitler and one of bests friends of the other ape depicted on beneath
Their remains were cremated by Red Army and spread on garbage yard in Bucharest. Those dumn Nazi had one thing in common,first they murder civilians then end up losing wars and shooting their own bullets . Here are some photos taken in Bucharest winter 1940.
WWII Romanian Peasant Brothers,
Don't remorse you were as bad as Hitler, hated and murdered Jews, committed ethnic cleansings in Eastern Europe,after all you and your intellectual compatriots didn't even look Arians, spoke German, were blue blooded nor blondes, not even your Berlin's friends considered you real Germans but gipsies descends. In fact the Jews started WWII , they bombed your villages made profits out of your work ,sought to murder and deported and killed themselves in concentration camps , in fact you were the " poor " ones who suffered from Jews and Russians .
Right photo, the villa of Mihai Antonescu, second in command Nazi puppet
Beneath : They had their own Rasputin too, a non FIFA football club, a Hitler Jugend ,but don't confuse them it with their Arian's friends coze this was just a meeting organised for their Berlin masters in Bucharest . How could I forget the Romanian hospitality and their god given skills baking "Savarine" something even their German friends will never forget.
Romanian Hitler Jugend
Romanian & German Hitler Jugend & Mrs Antonescu
HMS – King Mihai Hochenzollern, the Camelion of Romania or Nr 1 Sides Switching Strategist Demagogist.
HMS Mihai Romanescu Hitlerescu Antonescu
HMS Mihai Romanescu Automobilescu Stupidescu in Sevastopol (right)
HMS Mihai Romanescu Hitlerescu & Luftwaffe Gen.Major G.Bessange
Mihai Nr 1 Romania's demagogue with Col.M.Grey, OSS, SOI and Sugihara 1944
HMS Mihai Stalinescu , Mihai Russescu, Miahi Romanescu,Mihai Englezescu
HMS-Mihai Hochenzollern the great Romanian hero. Pobeda order recepient for his role in dating & defeating Hitler. Pobeda order is the rarest and most valuable world award worth 10 or more Millions Euro each. Only 20 WWII Soviet military leaders out which 4 foreign Generals along with Mihai were also awarded this order. He may have auctioned his order on 80's or earlier. He was never on someone's side but his own and didn't deserve Pobeda .
Mihai Grecescu & Swissescu Idiotescu
again Mihai Romanescu Idiotescu , what a mess is this guy !
His Bio book didn't publish any of his frequent photos taken with the Nazis leaders , but those with the Russians and Romania Stalinist leaders. You can't take this guy serious, he betrayed Hitler, Stalin and Romania and with great certainty many other.
Mihai's example by leadership to his starving peasant brothers,shots taken summer 1943.
Architects of Romania's Holocaust
Introduction to Romanian War Crimes
The Romanian Army war atrocities and pogroms in WWII were not a spontaneous outburst of murderous instincts,but the result of advance planning .They were carried out following an explicit order that was changed during the day of the pogroms ,when it has became clear that the authorities have lost control of the rioters and soldiers and the cities turned into massive slaughterhouses. For example the Iasi pogrom and the two death trains chapters packed solid with thousands of Jews for the purpose of annihilating them agonizingly are a horrendous ,almost an unknown chapter in the history of human suffering and the chronicle of evil in general. This evil was manually implemented through display of blind hatred and personal involvement that went beyond the lust of murder .
Recorded was a mass outburst of hate,vented on the bluedgeoning of heads, bones and limbs and in the ecstasy in the face of flowing blood .The accompanying robbery, rape and wanton destruction were further expressions of not seeing the Jews , Russians and Gipsies as part of human races and a sense of total release from human behavioral norms.
Several days before the onset of war, during a conference that brought together the leadership of the Gendarmerie legions (units) of Romania, General C. Z. Vasiliu, general inspector of the Gendarmerie, ordered the ethnic cleansing of the land from Jews , meaning the liquidation of all Jews in rural areas, and the internment and deportation of those living in urban areas and outlaw such relligion.
Antonescu with DTM , Legionaire Horia Sima & SSI Tobescu
Just before Romania's entry into the war the first operational echelon of the SSI (Secret Service ) was created by King Carol II , based on orders of the Office of the President of the Council of Ministers and the Office of the Chief of Staff of the Army; its aim was to defend the rear against sabotage, espionage, and acts of terrors and the echelon was composed of about 160 men led by Col.E.Christescu. On June 18, 1941, this echelon composed of 3 teams traveled by Army vechicles to Romnian Army Hdq at Piatra Neamtz which also served Einsatzgruppen D , Lt. Colonel Borcescu later stated that one of the unit's secret goals had been the elimination, through deportation and repression, of the Jews throughout Moldava .
Is worth mention that two teams members which designed the Iasi pogroms Col.Radu Dinulescu and Constantin Micandru of the 2nd section of the general Romanian Army staff were considered Germanophilles as later on atested by their subordinates on April 2, 1947 at the Military Tribunal in Bucharest to the Chief Prosecutor.
In addition to the planning , the SSI took an active part on the Iasi's pogrom. The SSI echelon sent 3 groups led by Captain Gheorghe Balotescu,Grigore Petrovitch , Major Emil Tulbure and Christescu .The units partcipated on the pogrom under the lead of one of the SSI directors Florin Becescu Gheorghescu who when departed Bucharest took along all Jews and Communists files supervised by SSI. Christescu along with two of his subordinates were received at the joint Hdq of Romanian Army and Einsatzgrupen D at Piatra Neamt by Antonescu and SS-Standartenführer Otto Ohlendorfand his subordinate SS-Obersturmführer Heinz Schubert. The first meeting few days before the pogrom and second time on June 30 ,1941.
After the Iasi pogrom the unit headed for Chisinau, where new versions of the Iasi massacres were prepared by the same SSI teams. The echelon also travelled to Tighina and Tiraspol coordinated all movements with SS Einsatzgruppe D where it organized looting, and then further to Odessa , where it took part in terrible massacres. Elements of the operational echelon engaged in systematic looting and murder in Bessarabia and Transnistria.
Gruppenfuehrer Simon with a Romanescu, Einsatzgruppe D Romania ,Tobescu ,Borcescu, Christescu ,common Romanian sounds of WWII and WWII criminals
While on hold to be stationed on their jobs in Bessarabia and Bukovina when the war should get under way, some of the gendarmes were stationed in Iasi, where they were on hand just in time to take part in the first actions against the city's Jewish population. During his war crimes trial in 1946 in Bucharest, the war criminal Antonescu would try to justify the concentration and deportation of the Jewish population from Moldavia by citting a military principle which dictates that the population living close to the front line must be deported and displaced . The Romanian war criminal also claimed that he was under pressure by his Berlin's friends that the Jews of Moldavia be organized into ghettos. None of this explained, however, the murderous intent of the population movement imposed on the Jews, nor, indeed, why the leader of Romania would let himself pressured by another country.
Romanescu Hitlerescu in 1941 and 1943
Events had begun to unfold more rapidly after Barbarossa and Muenchen ( German and Romanian ) military operations against the USSR began on June 22, 1941 . Soon thousands of Jews from rural areas of northern Moldavia were put aboard trains and then interned in the camps of Tîrgu Jiu, Craiova , Caracal, and Turnu Severin. On that same day a report by Colonel Constantin Chirilovici, police superintendent of Iasi , stated that some Legionnaires were taking a sort of course under the tutelage of two uniformed officers, a captain and a second Leutenant. These were apparently sessions organized by the SSI to prepare former Iron Guards for an anticipated anti-Jewish action.
Chronology of Soviet bombing runs 24 & 26 June 1941,Iasi & Constanza
With the fabrication of the "proof" Soviet pilots and paratroopers are getting help from Iasi Judeo-Communists and the Romanian fabrication " signalling psychosis " which was a product of the Romanian pogrom planners , the military commander of Iasi ,Colonel Lupu received an order to evacuate all 45'000 Jews residents of Iasi to Targu Jiu camp a move that could be implemented during a normal period, let alone at the time of war .Antonescu gave by telephone the permission of execution of any suspect Jews including women .
Jews arrested by SS at Iasi Dec 1941
On June 26,1941 in parallel to the threats expressed by Col.Stavrescu commander of the 14th Division stationed at Iasi Romanian soldiers most of them in drunk state began plundering Jews and trorture those near their barracks .A sargent of the 13th Infantery Regiment Mircea Manoliu who was at the Regimental Hdq near Copou decided upon own initiative to murder 3 Jews who have been arrested under the fasle pretext they signalled the Soviet bombers . His commander order their release and ordered him to escort them home. On the way home he shot them , a day later he murdered further 6 on the same charges. Though the first Iasi murders took place near Sculeni where Jews were ordered to dig their own graves, after a night of terror when girls were abused . 400 Jews were murdered and buried in mass graves.
On June 24,1941 the Soviet Air Force bomber regiments based in Moldova,Bessarabia & Ukraine ,45 BAP and 132 SBAP from Grossulovo and Kirowograd and later on that day the 5 SBAP and 317 RAP near Akkerman conducted two inaccurate bombing runs against Iasi producing minor damages with only a few casualties to a German garrison,though this ignited the spark the Romanian Nazis were able to mastermind it into widespread anti-Semitic hysteria, which served the Legionairs and Romanian Fascists ready for plunder and for bullies affraid to fight the Red Army but prepared to assault defenseless civilians.
Iron Guardists of Horia Sima detachments deliberately spread rumors that the entire Jewish population of Iasi coordinated the attack of Soviet Air Force bombers and then pin pointed the Soviet bomber crews where to attack the Romanian Army targets and where later the bombs were dropped Similar bombing runs of the Black Sea Fleet 40 BAP air regiment , 2 MTAP air torpedo regiment , 32 and 96 Fighter Air Regiments took place at the main Romanian harbor Constanza, at Tulcea, Galati and Braila,
The next day the menace gathered strength as the municipal police department systematically contacted home owners with an invitation to paint the sign of the cross on their windows and doors so that mobs would know which homes to spare Things soon escalated further. On June 26, 1941 this time a more devastating bombing run of 5 SBAP,45 BAP, 132 SBAP and 211 BAP Soviet VVS air regiments took place, hitting the headquarters of the 14th Infantry Division,the telephone company, and St. Spiridon Hospital where some sources claimed 600 people were killed (including 38 Jews); other sources give a figure of 111 killed and hundreds wounded. This new bombing run further fueled the anti-Semitic fever. Romanian military reports claimed that Jews from Iasi had been found among the Soviet air force crews that had been shot down. Soviet paratroopers and saboteurs were allegedly active in the city. Anti-Semitic activists and opportunists exploited such kindling to stoke the fire.
In fact on June 26,1941 the Soviet Air Force Regiments of South Western Front ( Odessa & Kirowograd Air Divisions ) raided Iasi , out of 63 planes attacking Iasi and the nearby airfield 14 bombers were lost, alone the 132 SBAP lost 13 bombers and 45 BAP one, only one crew survived .The pilot , navigator and gunner were captured injured .This was the crew of Flt.Sgt.Ponomarev from 132 SBAP from Kirowograd, hospitalised then later handed over by the Iasi's mayor to local SS . All 3 crew members were pure Russians Ponomarev would die in summer of 1942 at Stalag XVII A due bad treatment followed by illness, rest of the crew's fate is unknown. Soviet bombings of Constanza, Tulcea, Galati and Braila took place at daylight .
On his testemony given by the pilot Sgt. Ponomarev to Luftflotte IV ,he cited navigational problems, poor pilot training for this type of missions, lack of adequate food ,allowances for the aircrews and poor intelligence as into Iasi airfield and Luftwaffe combat status mainly and foremost the Iasi bombing rungs were conducted during daylight and by good visibility rather at night while the Jews were blammed by Antonescu of having used flashlights to signal the crews.
Band 2 JG 77 1941 – 1942 Clearly determines that the skilled Romanians liars and against all odds have lied again as into the Jewish involvement on Iasi bombings June 26,1941, read about the Gleiwitz incident in 1939, is has lost of paralles with the Antonescu's lies .
Irronically,the main reason for VVS high losses was obsolete recon photos ,lack of proper ground intel no updated target data banks and poor escort during bombing runs. The last recon was flown by a SU-2 of 211 BAP on 23.6.41 which returned to Yaloveni with no reliable photos due to obscured targets while dropping leaflets . On 26.6.41 the target of 132 SBAP & 45 BAP was Iasi airfield , instead due to navigational error they bombed the city,telephone company an Army garrison ended up intercepted by JG 77 stationed at Iasi airfield then hit by German and Romanian AA batteries. The German claims were slightly higher than in reality.
SU-2 at Yaloveni and Kotovsk prepared for leaflet drops, Soviet border regiment near Iasi
Only 45 BAP could reach and hit Iasi airfield. Four months later Antonescu will again use the Jews as scapegoates for his dark purposes when the Romanian Hdq Odessa will be blown up by NKVD saboteurs ( check my other chapter) . Irronically on Aug 1, 1943 on the low level raid to Ploesti by 9th Air Force form Libya 67 % of the US airmen were Jewish and on the high level missions to Romania in 1944 , 45 % of the 15th Air Force airmen were Jewish some of whom even had relatives in Romania One airman was of Romanian origin. Though then Romania was on the loser's side, interestingly Antonescu didn't really care much about the Jews anymore .
132nd SBAP Kirowograd ,Flt.Sgt. Ponomarev's SB crash near Iasi
That same day soldiers from the 14th Romanian Division were in Iasi , including a company of one hundred men from the division's 13 Regiment and a battalion of 300 gendarmes. Another 350 policemen were in transit from other localities, ready for action not only in Iasi but also in Bessarabia and Bukovina . German troops belonging to the 198th Division of the 13 Army Corps Heeresgruppe Süd as well as SS Einsatzgrupped Ost D troops under same command, were also ready for action against Jewish population. As important as the Soviet attacks may have been in setting off the violence, the still more important fact is that government officialsled by Ion and Mihai Antonescu had been plotting against the Jewish community for several days.
Few days later, Antonescu himself presented various pilots of JG 77 during a ceremony at Iasi airfield the "Virtutea Aeronautica Romana * with swords class 1 in gold for not letting the Jews of Iasi communicating with Soviet VVS bomber pilots during the June 26,1941 raid . Meanwhile, the Jews of Iasi were further massacred for having cooperated with VVS aircrews.
June 26,1941 and therefore marks the real beginning of the Iasi pogroms. On that same day five unidentified Jews were sent as bomb squads to locate unexploded bombs in the courtyard of the same headquarters. Although they had been sent by Commissioner Nicolae Craciun of the 5th Police dstrict they were not released after the task. That afternoon the leaders of the Jewish community were summoned at Central Police Headquarters, and the Jews of Iasi were accused of having collaborated with Soviet Jewish bomber crew members. What followed was beating and torture . The photos below depicting the unfolding events.
Police Superintendent T.Chirilovici ordered that within the next forty-eight hours Jews had to hand over to the police all binoculars, flashlights, and photographic equipment. The 132 SBAP and 54 BAP Soviet SB-2 and SB bombers were not even equipped with transcievers (radios) and only the leaders had operational ADF homing receivers on board this is as far as the Soviet VVS modernisaton was concerned.Those who really operated radios at Iasi were only the Germans and Romanians . Perhaps important to mention that 20,21 and 45 Air Divisions were not not caught by surprise on June 22,41 due previous maneuvers which took place shortly before the war at Odessa Military District .
Above: National Romanian heros, WWII mass murderers Romanian Infantery Brigades & Iasi Jandarmerie
On Friday 27 June 1941 sporadic rifle fire could be heard throughout the city; the most significant events of the day represented various overt and covert preparations for a pogrom. Nevertheless, the day did not end without the spilling of Jewish blood. Undoubtedly the Soviets parachuted into Romania at nights saboteurs flown by 7th OAP from Kiev though this had nothing to do with the Iasi's Jewish community and all Soviets were arrested by the Romanian Jandarmerie.
Einsatzgruppen D and SS Panzergrenadier Div.Grossdeutschland Div.started their crusades from Romania ( Piatra Neamt)
Romanian Army Pogroms unfolding
About 1/3 of the cities Jews , over 14'000 people were murdered in the Iasi Pogrom,most of them over a two day period June 29 through June 30, 1941. The study is not the first begining of my efforts to clarify one of the greatest crimes of Romania's Fascist regime, it was preceded by earlier articles on the Allied air campaigns over Romania in 1941, 1942, 1943 and 1944 .The processing of this multitude material and preparations of the study took over 10 years . The critical questions which guided my research
1. Were the Romanian Army Pogroms and War Atrocities on the occupied territories (USSR) planned by the Nazis ,like other act of murder carried out by them in the begining of WWII by the Einsatzgruppen from Romania through Black Sea and Stalingrad ?
2. Were these German – Romanian co-production , considering the fact that the Romanian regime ,too adopted the measures to annihilate Jews, Russians , POW's, Communist insurgents and Gipsies ?
The conclussions on the aftermath of my research reading and considerations, were unequivocal and to my surprise yielded negative answers as into both questions above that have troubeled me for years.
The Iasi ,Chisinau, Tiraspol, Balti, Balta, Yampol ,Cernauti, Nikolaev , Odessa and Crimeans pogroms were mainly and foremost architected by the Romanians , the Iasi , Balti,Balta and Dhalnik completely a Romanian product by the direct ordr of Ion Antonescu . The Iasi,Balti,Chisinau, Cernauti and Dhalnik Odessa pogroms to begin with were based on Antonescu's regime decision to exterminate on large scale in Romanian cities which have symbolized Jewish existence in Romania for Romanian nationalits and and antisemites since 100 years. As into the second question German Army units stationed at Iasi, Balti , Chisinau, Cernauti , Tiraspol helpped Romanian Army carry out the pogroms based on prior understanding with the German troops on these cities. The madogs murderers of Einsatzgruppen-D did not participate and were not yet fully deployed at Iasi so to speak.
The Iasi ,Chisinau, Tiraspol, Balti, Balta, Griogoripol ,Cernauti and Odessa were Romanian productions with German assistance, that of a larger ally to a smaller one to help realizing its antisemitic phantasies .The initiative and planning were solely those of Romania . Explicit orders from Ion Antonescu were behind all these pogroms.Different civilian and military authorities in all their branches- the General Staff of Romanian Army, the Special Information Service (SSI) the Ministry of Interior,highest chain of command of Police and Jandarmerie actively dealt with the planning and carrying out the pogroms ,looting and capture of Jewish property.
On Saturday morning, June 28, a group of 30 soldiers from the 13th and 24tn Artillery Regiments abused and robbed several Jews on the pretext that they were looking for a ground to air wireless transmitter set. German soldiers got in on the action in the Tatarasi neighborhood, on Rachiti Street , around the slaughterhouse, and on Aurel Vlaicu and Vasile Lupu Streets. The police superintendent arrived with the garrison commander, the city's chief prosecutor, the military prosecutor of the 14th Division, and a platoon of gendarmes to investigate.
Meanwhile, freshly printed posters incited the citizenry of Iasi to take matters into their own hands which states : romanians! for each "Jidan " that you kill, you liquidate a communist. the moment for revenge has come. Civilians joined men in uniform to terrorize the Jews. That evening Police Inspector Gheorghe Leahu ordered the Iasi police not to interfere with what the army is carrying out inside the city.
Jandarmerie compound Iasi June 29, 1941 when some 500 Jews were machine gunned by the 13 Infantery Reg
At 9 o'clock in the evening a Soviet VVS SU-2 recon aircraft of 211 BAP dispatched from Yaloveni dropped several flares, followed immediately by anti aircraft fire of different calibers. Panic spread among troops heading for the front. There was shooting, military units were deployed and returned fire,but there were no casualties, and no bullet holes were found on the walls of houses the next day. Shells from old-fashioned hunting weapons, however, were found.
Rumors of Soviet paratroopers spread. Soon groups of Romanian and German soldiers, gendarmes, and civilians took advantage of such rumors to justify the widespread assaults on the Jews that began the robbery and mayhem to which they gave themselves over for the rest of the night.
The Romanian authorities, steeped in the anti-Semitism of their culture (and some sympathizing with the mob), did nothing to restore order. Many were inclined to blame the Jewish victims.
The following day shots could be heard throughout Iasi as civilians in uniforms shot Jews. Other Jews were lined up and marched through the neighborhoods to Central Police Headquarters. Some columns stopped at the National Lyceum, the Mountains Regiment site (Dorobanti) , the Wachtel School , and the Regional Police Inspectorate, but all were eventually herded to central headquarters; men constituted the majority of these parties, but they also included women, children, and senior citizens, many still in their pajamas.
Beaten and bruised, they were forced to march in step, arms raised above their heads. Their captors, Romanians and Germans, as well as the mobs lining their path, spat on them; pelted them with rocks and bottles; and struck them with sticks, bars, and rifle butts. Those who could not walk because of injury or ailment were shot, so that the streets were soon strewn with corpses.
Many of the perpetrators of these crimes apparently were motivated not so much by the lust for blood as the lust for lucre. After chasing Jews away, the mob looted their homes. Often the civilians, emboldened by the company of soldiers, gendarmes, and policemen, proved the most violent pogromists; very often they were armed, highly unusual for Romanian workers or peasants in peacetime or wartime.
German and Romanian, policeman and robber, civilian and soldier, the rioters soon transformed the streets of Iasi into Brueghel canvases. Survivors of the Jewish groups that were led to police headquarters later recorded the visions that accompanied their passage: those who left the Fifth Police Precinct at 5:00 p.m. were greeted by the corpse of an old man on Apeduct Street, a few paces beyond that of a child; in front of the Chamber of Commerce building and the Ghemul Verde Store on Cuza-Vodä Street, two heaps of dead people awaited them. Another group of Jews being marched down Smîrdan Street by soldiers ran into an old Jew coming from Central Police Headquarters bearing the pass marked free, to prove to vigilantes that he had already been cleared of suspicion, just in time to witness his murder by a German soldier unconvinced of his clearance.
History may judge the Romanians kind in comparison with the Germans in occupied Poland or Ukraine , for two Romanian officers persuaded the guards of Isidor Sulemer's group to let their people go. Others slated for the police station roundup managed to escape by bribing their Romanian guards. However, to characterize all these Romanians as kinder than their German counterparts would be to deny them their due.
Some massacres in the making miscarried at the last minute: a convoy of 800 to 1000 men was forced to lie facedown along several large trenches near the bank of the Bahlui River . There many were beaten by some laborers, clerical employees, and shopkeepers. But these Jews got off easy: their tormentors were forced to satisfy themselves with merely drowning a rabbi from Buhusi. Police Chief Chirilovici ordered a sergeant who was about to shoot some of the Jews to release them and thereby defused this particular situation.
The director of the Dacia Mill, Grigore Porfir (later recognized by Israel as a righteous gentile), managed to save about one hundred Jews working at his business; doing so despite the fact that soldiers threatened to kill him if he interfered in their anti-Semitic revelry. The pharmacist Beceanu saved dozens of Jews at similar great peril to his own life. Commissar Suvei of the Second Police district freed a group of 350 being herded toward Central Police Headquarters, and Commissar Mircescu and Police Officer Sava saved many Jews by advising them to leave their homes or taking them into protective custody.
But other rescuers fared less well. An engineer by the name of Naum, known to his friends as something of a left-wing activist, tried to protect a Jew who was about to be killed on Päcurari Street; a Romanian Army officer gunned him down too with the cry, Die, you dog, with the Jew you're protecting.
And all this time very large numbers of Jews were being corralled into the courtyard of Central Police Headquarters. One official report of 9:30 a.m. had one thousand people in the courtyard, though its author confessed that we do not know all the details. And yet a report signed by Chirilovici said that there were already close to 1,800 on hand by 9:00. The superintendent of the Iasi police counted 3,500 at noon, a figure District Prefect Dumitru Captaru gave the Ministry of the Interior at 1:00 p.m. Chirilovici estimated that by sunset some five thousand Jews had been arrested.
General Stavrescu, commander of the 14th Infantry Division, appeared at the courtyard of the station several times during the course of that day, indicating the involvement of the highest military authorities. By 11:00 a.m. Police Commissars Dumitru Iancu and Titus Rahoveanu had begun the process of sorting the arrestees, by identification papers, by their looks, or by whatever criteria struck them and their assistants as valid. Between two hundred and two thousand individuals, most of them women, were released with papers identifying them as having been cleared. Some made their way safely home, others were slaughtered before they got there, and still others were rearrested and brought back. Ironically, just as some Jews were leaving the courtyard, slews of others were arriving. Indeed, many came of their own free will, hoping for the now famous ticket bearing the word free with which they hoped to ward off the numerous self-appointed street patrols.
But around noon SS troops of Einsatzgrupped D and other German SS soldiers created a perimeter stretching along Vasile Alecsandri, Cuza-Voda, Bratianu, and Piata Unirii Streets to funnel the rows of Jews entering the courtyard. By 1:30 , Romanian gendarmes and policemen had joined them, as had civilian volunteers. All were armed with iron bars or sticks, with which they struck the Jews with all their might, primarily on the head. According to witnesses, by midafternoon the situation seemed to have escaped all control. Around 2:00 p.m. the captors opened fire on their prisoners with machine guns, other automatic weapons, and hunting rifles. One of these was the Legionnaire Dumitru Dumitriu, who owned an adjoining mechanic shop.
A crowd of panicked Jews broke through the enclosure and sought refuge in buildings and alleys around the nearby Sidoli Movie Theater. They were mercilessly hunted down and liquidated, as one of the leaders of the Iasi Jewish community later reported.
The corpses at the police station and in the neighboring streets were then relieved of watches, pens, and anything else of value. The massacre at the station and in the streets continued intermittently until around 6:00 that evening, easing off somewhat after the arrival of General Stavrescu at 4:30 . It is not known exactly why the killing slowed down and stopped, but according to Police Inspector Leahu, at the time the massacre began about 2,500 Jews had already been gathered and taken to the train station indicating that earlier plans for these Jews had already been implemented before the pogrom started.
It is difficult to estimate the number of victims of the Iasi pogrom. The moderate estimate of Mircu suggests nine hundred were killed. The day after the police reported only three hundred. A more forthright estimate comes from the witness Captain Constantin Darie: three thousand to four thousand Jews killed or injured.
We know that at least 254 were buried in mass graves in the Jewish cemetery soon after the events of the pogrom, but we don't know how many more and how many elsewhere. The bodies were slowly removed in four trucks and a couple dozen horse carts over a two-day period. Uncounted corpses were simply taken to the garbage dumps of Copou District, though not abandoned until stripped of their clothes. Many mortally injured were tossed in with the corpses, but if a few here and a few there walked away or were quietly saved, it seems unlikely that the overall numbers would be very different. To these totals must be added the tallies from other less well-documented slaughters at the waterworks and the electrical plant. We do not know the number of these victims.
Raylway station Marasesti 1914 , 1920, 1944 (Grossdeutschland Div,tanks )
During the afternoon of Sunday, June 29,1941 the decision was made to evacuate the Iasi Jews who were being held as suspects at the police station. Thus did the transfer of some 2,500 Jews who had survived the massacre get under way. Their movement to the train station began at 8:00 p.m. One police subinspector, two police officers, two police section chiefs, and twenty patrolmen escorted several convoys, bolstered by a group of German officers and soldiers with two tanks and two motorcycles. After a lengthy head count during which the guards made the Jews lie facedown on the ground, their captors packed them onto an ordinary freight train. During the boarding the German soldiers crammed the greatest possible number of suspects into each berth, though the train was not scheduled to depart until early Monday morning.
At around 4:00 a.m. on June 30, another contingent of 1,900 Jews formed at the police station, to be loaded onto a second train. A summary report sent by Captaru at 9:20 a.m. referred to the fact that Mihai Antonescu (Ministry of the Interior) were behind the project. The destination of the trains and what became of their unhappy passengers will become clear presently, but the continued events in Iasi must detain us for the moment.
The lawyer Mihai Antonescu ,behind his boss Ion Antonescu
For the bloodletting of the twenty-ninth had only tapered off on the thirtieth: it did not cease. Dawn found forced laborers toiling to bury the previous day's corpsesalong with moribunds who were just going to die anyway in the mass graves previously prepared at the Jewish cemetery. Labor to bury all of the dead was unavailable; the crowds so enthusiastic for beatings and robbery were nowhere to be found when heavy, less emotionally satisfying work required doing. Mircu tells us that the Germans forced temporary Jewish funerary workers to throw corpses into the Bahlui River , along with, again, some of the mortally injured. According to the same testimony, as late as six in the evening that night, the killing was still going on.
While this work was going on, yet more ghastly events continued elsewhere. It seems that sometime on Monday one hundred Jews who had earlier been set to hard labor at the tramway electrical plant disappeared without a trace. The massacre continued throughout Monday in various parts of the city, less impressive in scale than Sunday's efforts but producing a hefty total of fifty dead, not including those at the power plant. Nearly half of this figure derives from one incident, triggered around 1:00 p.m. , when a group of tank crewmen claimed that they had come under rifle fire near the pharmacy on Bratianu Street . Some reports say the tank was German, others Romanian. Regardless, it is known that these men searched the building, assembled eighteen or twenty Jews in St. Spiridon Square , forced them to lie on the ground, and then murdered them with the tank's machine gun. So too, as the garbage crews carted away corpses and municipal crews washed blood from the streets, did the photographer's lens surprise a new group of Jews set to cleaning, stone by stone, the courtyard of Central Police Headquarters.
No further episodes took place that day in the city of Iasi . The deportees on the two trains, however, continued to die.
Above : Before
Above : After , the Judgement Day Focsani , Iasi 1944
Antonescu's death trains Iasi ( Romania) 1941
The Iasi pogrom was planned by the same bodies that prepared the annihilation of Jews in Bessarabia and Norther Bukovina those who formulated the order for *cleasing the ground " given to Jandarmeries and "special orders " to the Army units . Those who planned to incite the peasants against the Jews even before conquering the area. Knowing how the extermination of the Jews was planned and how the survivors were deported to Transnistria ,its easier to understand on how the Iasi pogrom secret planning was concieved .
On the eve of the war against Soviet Union some 100,000 people inhabited the city of Iasi , 50,000 of them Jews. Since the city was near the the Soviet border, it became the center of many of the anti-Semitic measures that accompanied plans to join Germany 's invasion of the USSR . Several days before Romania joined the war Ion Antonescu ordered the compilation of lists of jalled Jews, Communist agents, or sympathizers in each region.More ominously, by his Order No. 4147, issued at approximately the same time, he initiated preparations for the expulsion of all Jews aged eighteen to sixty from villages located between the Siret and Prut Rivers and their confinement in the camp established at Tîrgu Jiu in Walachia several years earlier for political opponents. Two trains departed from Iasi, Romania on June 30, 1941 bearing the survivors of the pogrom that took place in the city on June 28-29, 1941. One of the trains traveled to Calarasi, while the other was destined for Podul Iloaiei. Both evacuation transports were in fact freight and cattle trains not intended to transport human being an action deliberately doctored by Antonescu and his clan which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Jews, who succumbed to heat exhaustion, suffocation, dehydration and suicide during the journey aboard crowded, unventilated freight cars in the heat of the summer. During the Iasi pogrom Romanian soldiers, police, and German SS Einsatzgruppe D rounded-up some 5,000 Jews and herded them into the courtyard of the city's police headquarters. Nearly half of them were shot or beaten to death in a massacre that began on June 29,1941
The evil murder continued throughout the afternoon even after a decision had been made by Police Chief Chirlovici to "evacuate from Jasi those Jews who had been detained as suspects at police headquarters." In the evening the survivors (numbering between 2,430 and 2,590 people) were marched to the local train station, where they endured deliberate rollcall procedure before being loaded onto freight cars. Between 80 and 200 Jews, including many who were wounded, were crowded into each of the railcars (numbering between 33 and 39). The Romanian criminals then nailed shut the narrow ventilation slats in the cars. The train was decorated on the outside with slogans identifying the cargo as " Bolshevik Jews" and "Killers of German and Romanian soldiers." The train, under the command of Sergeant Ion Leucea and a detachment of Romanian police, finally departed from Iasi in the early morning hours of June 30. The photos beneath are just a few out of these events
For the next 17 hours the death train traveled a circuitous route to Tirgu Frumos, Pascani, Lespezi, back to Pascani, then on to Roman, and finally, back to Targu Frumos, where it halted temporarily. By this time hundreds had died. Three or four of the railcars were opened to remove the dead. The approximately 200 survivors found in the opened cars were escorted by Police Commissar Ion Botez and his guards to a nearby synagogue.
Those who tried to quench their thirst by drinking from puddles on the road were shot by Botez, while villagers were threatened with the death penalty if they offered aid to the Jews. Once they reached the synagogue the captives were subjected to further beatings and theft of their remaining personal possessions.
On July 1,1941 authority over the train was transferred to Second Lieutenant Aurel Triandaf, who ordered that the remaining railcars be opened and the corpses removed. Because the Jewish survivors were too weak, local Gypsies (other than Romanians )were brought in to unload the bodies. As remunaration they were allowed to take personal belongings and clothing and other valuables from the dead.
Pogroms at Cernauti along with war criminal Antonescu also Generals Avramescu and Dragalina
More than 650 bodies were piled onto trucks and carts and taken to the local Jewish cemetery, where large trenches were dug to serve as mass graves. The largest of the trenches had been started on June 29, one day before the train arrived. After the bodies were deposited in the graves, they were doused with a flammable liquid and set on fire. Those Jews who had survived the journey to Targu Frumos were at first denied any food or water by their Romanian and German guards, but after a while some supplies were distributed. In the late afternoon of July 1, the death train resumed its journey to Calarasi. The train made numerous stops. On July 2 it arrived in Mircesti, where 327 corpses were unloaded and buried on the outskirts of the town of Iugani. The following day, the transport passed through Sabaoani and continued on to Roman. When the train was not permitted into the Roman station because of the stench emanating from the railcars, it was sent back to Sabaoani.
There, another 300 corpses were removed and the surviving passengers were examined by a team of military doctors, who ordered that they be given water. The train then returned to Roman, where 55 more bodies were unloaded and some of the survivors were washed and deloused. Several more stops were made before the train reached its final destination on July 6. Only 1,076 of the captives survived the journey. In Calarasi the Jews were interned in a makeshift camp set up in the courtyard of the 23rd Infantry Regiment. Many more died in the two months they remained in the camp before being escorted back to Iasi. The second death train also departed Iasi early on June 30. This transport carried 1,902 Jews who were packed into 18 railcars, along with 80 corpses of those who had been killed earlier. The train took eight hours to reach its final destination at Podul Iloaei, only 20 km from Iasi. As with the first train, hundreds died along the way. Only 708 of the captives reached Podul Iloaei, where they were confined to synagogues or assigned to private Jewish homes. The survivors remained between one and three months before being allowed to return to Iasi.
Antonesc's death squads (Moldova) 1941
By the end of July 1941, the regular Whermacht units and SS Einsatz Gruppe Ost left Bălţi ( Beltzi ) leaving the Jews' lives in the hands of the Romanians. The official order to murder the Jews of Bessarabia , Moldova, Bukovina and South West Ukraine was issued by the Marsh. Ion Antonescu himself . In order to carry out such mission he appointed the Gendarmerie, under the command of the ministry of the interior, as well as the army civil administration, known as "Pretoria." General Ion Topor, "Supreme Commander of the Pretoria" and commander of the Gendarmerie units in the liberated territories, was given clear orders regarding how to treat Jews, communists and Soviet officials found in Romanian territory: send all the pro-communist Romanians and Ukrainians across the Dniester River, and exterminate all the "minoritari" (a colloquial word for Jews) in the same category.
Gen.Topor Balti 1941 D.I.Popescu Einsatzgruppe D Balti '41 Chisinau
Minutes after the shots were taken, the regular Soviet Army reservists POW's would be shot by Einsatzgruppe D on Chisinau's street . Their single crime, they resisted the Germans and Romanestis invasion.
The Romanian policy was carried out in Bălţi by Capitan Ion Gradu, Major Fălescu, military police chief, Dimitre Agape, head of the police Moria Filipescu and detective agent Vassili Sprinciglo. Gradu brought the Jews of Bălţi to a camp set up in the Răuţel Forest, 12 km from the town. There they were imprisoned in extremely crowded conditions, in dilapidated buildings surrounded by a barbed wire fence and armed soldiers. Disease and hunger rapidly spread, and many died. They were not allowed to buy food from the farmers nearby. The mayor of Bălţi, Judge Artseliano, sent the exiled Jews daily sacks of cornflour, oil and vegetables.
On 6 September 1941, some 9,000 Jews, the last of those from the camps in the Beltzy region, were sent to the Mărculeşti Camp. The prisoners included 2,800 Jews from Bălţi that had been imprisoned at Răuţel. This was a journey by foot of 40 km under careful guard. They were given no food on the journey, and the gendarmes even forbade residents of the villages they passed through to give them water. Their entry into the camp was accompanied by the theft of any property they had on them. The refugees from the Răuţel Camp came to Mărculeşti … they murdered the rabbi and others on Yom Kippur. In the evening they took out some 1,500 Jews from their homes, brought them to the fields and shot them. Just one, Margolis, fled and survived… after two days they marched more people from the camp towards Râbniţa for forced labor. Some of them died along the way.
For the few days after the Jews arrived at Mărculeşti until their deportation to Transnistria across the Dniester River, they were put to work at the camp and made to dig up gravestones in the Jewish cemetery to pave a road in the camp. They worked under a torrent of beatings. Many of the Jews died. Young Jewish women were taken by force by Romanian army officers. Those that fought off their rapists were tortured and murdered.
On 10 September, General Topor gave an order that the Jews at Mărculeşti be deported to Transnistria in transports of 1,600 people at a time. On 19 October 1941, Antonescu rejected the request of Wilhelm Filderman, leader of the Romanian Jewish community, to halt the liquidation of Jews in Bessarabia and Bukovina, justifying his decision with their "behavior" during the retreat of Romanian forces in the summer of 1940: "Before the Soviet forces had even arrived, the Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina spat on our officers, ripped their shirts, tore off their uniforms and when they could, killed the soldiers with clubs. The war criminal Antonescu continued to justify the actions in this manner after he was found guilty of cooperating in the murder of the Jews of Europe in Romanian national trials, never utilizing Nazi antisemitic ideology.
At the end of October, the deportations began. The Jews were sent in two different directions, one via Cosăuţi in the north, and the other via Rezina in the south. No records were made. Before they left the camp, all personal documentation was taken from the Jews and burned to cinders. The convoys were put together arbitrarily, and family members were torn apart. The deportees were robbed by their escorts, as well as by farmers along the entire route. They marched 30 km every day, without rest or water. Many Jews were shot or collapsed along the way. They were counted at the riverbank. Crossing the river was itself a death trap. On the other side stood Transnistrian gendarmes who took out their rage on the wretched Jews. We walked. We walked for close to three weeks. Some nights we slept under the stars. As the days passed, the escorting guards grew more and more impatient, and began beating us with clubs and even shooting those lagging behind. Those that collapsed were left at the side of the road, and anyone that tried to help them was shot too. Slowly we began to notice what looked like people sleeping in the ditches at the sides of the road. But they were not sleeping – most of them had died and next to them were small packages. Alright , now take a look below at the contrasts
Early Massacres in Bessarabia and Bukovina
The Iasi pogrom was no isolated episode. Romanian military units, Romanian gendarmes, and Romanian as well as Ukrainian peasants murdered Jews in many places during the following weeks.
At the very end of June 1941, Ion Antonescu had issued the instructions that gave the go-ahead to numerous central and local authorities to establish what was in effect a state of emergency in regard to the treatment of the Jewish population. What this meant essentially was that as far as the government was concerned, the Jews were outside the protection of the law. That the source of this stance of the Romanian government at all levels was indeed Antonescu himself becomes apparent in such documents as his order subjecting the Jews in principle to martial law, forbidding them to leave their homes between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
His order also mandated rounding up Jews and concentrating them in appropriate larger buildings. To keep the most suspect Jews under observation and to punish immediately any signs of trouble, Antonescu's order insisted on the taking of hostages from among the Jewish leadership, to be immediately executed in the event of any civil rebellion. The army transmitted this order to units stationed in various localities on June 30, as did the Ministry of the Interior to the police prefectures.
Nearly two weeks earlier other governmental agencies had already undertaken administrative initiatives that similarly placed the Jews outside the protection of the law. On June 17 and 18, 1941, the leadership of the gendarmerie organized regional conferences in Galati and in Roman, at which the inspector general of the gendarmerie, General C. Z. Vasiliu, ordered local agencies to cleanse the land of Jews, entailing the extermination on site of all Jews found in rural areas, concentration into ghettos of all Jews in the towns, and the arrest of all suspects, Communist party members, and those who had held office under the brief Soviet regime. Though the order in some regions was transmitted downward in writing, in others regional bosses orally conveyed it to their subordinates, possibly to make sure that the spirit of the order is what got through rather than its letter: few were willing to leave a paper trail connecting themselves directly to the events most had reason to know would soon take place. Elsewhere, Vasiliu himself amplified his point: the government had to devote every effort to keeping the Jewish population under surveillance, he said, since everyone knew that the Jews have for the most part collaborated with communism and have been hostile to the Romanian armed forces, authorities, and people.
Romanian Jews sent to Auschwitz as part of Eichmann & Antonescu final solution
On July 3, Mihai Antonescu (as vice president of the Council of Ministers, he was responsible for leading the state when Ion Antonescu was at the front) sponsored a conference of administrative inspectors and military prosecutors being sent to Bessarabia and Bukovina . At the meeting of the Council of Ministers on July 8, 1941 , Mihai Antonescu stressed in particular his intent to reject any traditionalist humanitarian objections to the forced migration of the Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina . He also supported the cleansing from those lands of the Ukrainian element, which would also have no reason to be here any longer.
Romanians who had strayed into the darkness of Bolshevism would be annihilated without pity. To put a fine point on things, Antonescu told his auditors they should be indifferent if history adjudges us barbarians. The Roman Empire committed acts deemed barbaric by contemporary standards, and nevertheless it established the greatest political system. This is the most opportune moment in our history. If need be, use machine guns.
Cleanse the soil of Communists,eliminate the Bolsheviks, all suspicious individuals, and Jewish provocateurs,rid the villages of all Jews such were the subsequent orders from Mihai Antonescu. And such were the orders elaborated at the next rung of the Romanian bureaucracy. As early as July 9, the governor of Bessarabia , General Voiculescu, began to receive reports on the gendarmes' cleansing activity. On July 11,1941 Lt. Colonel A. Ionescu, chief of the Second Section, reported to his superiors that his section had already designed and implemented a plan to eliminate the Judaic element from the territory of Bessarabia by organizing and activating teams to operate ahead of the Romanian troops. The link from government to administration to the masses emerges clearly in his boast that teams were fostering in the villages an environment hostile to Judaic elements so that the population will try to eliminate them on its own with the most appropriate means suited to the circumstances.As General Topor put it on July 17, 1941 .This country does not need Jews.
The taking of Jewish hostages was widely practiced in Moldavia , Bessarabia, and Bukovina . Theoretically, for each Romanian or German soldier killed in the regions under Romanian control, 50 Jews were supposed to be liquidated. Mere orders issued by Romanian or German officers produced mass executions. Yet the hostage-taking and land-cleansing orders attest to the fact that responsibility for the murder of Jews also belongs to the central authorities.
Troops of the 16 Infantry Regiment occupied the village of Ciubei in Bukovina on July 3, 1941 ; under the command of Valeriu Carp, they had murdered dozens of Jews there after their withdrawal before the Soviets. Now the same men undertook the murder of the entire Jewish population of the area. The number of victims ranged somewhere between 450 and 572. Local peasants aided their soldier brothers. Jews were accused of blowing up the bridge at Crasna, though in fact Soviet troops had destroyed it. 50 Jews were executed in Crasna Forest .
Einsatzgrupped D and Romanestis in July 1941
Romanian troops occupied the city of Storojinet on July 4,1941 and began their massacre right away, killing 212 Jews in two days. The 4000 Jews whose lives were spared were locked up inside two school buildings, where they remained for three days without food or clean water. However, their captors did allow them to drink from the nearby ponds. The recently appointed mayor, the attorney Petru Bruja, wanted to send the Jews home, but Colonel Alexandrescu, who commanded the recruitment district, and the powerful landowner Serban Flondor opposed him. The mayor resigned, and a man named Dimitrie Rusu replaced him. Under his leadership the authorities converted Gradiniti, Ieronim, Malcinschi, and Lumea Noua Streets into a ghetto. Deputy Mayor Stefan Tomovici issued an order requiring the Jews to sweep the streets every day. Certain figures responsible for the Jews for example, the commander of the gendarme legion of Bîrzescu and the mayor's chief of staff, Isidor Palade sought to minimize the suffering of their charges, but this did not prevent the transfer, in alphabetical order, of Jewish families to the Edineti transit camp in the district of Hotin. With the exception of eleven of these families, all were eventually deported to Transnistria.
The occupation troops were just as active in the neighboring villages. The soldiers who had occupied the village of Ropcea rounded up the entire Hass family and forced them on foot to the Siret River . Eugen had to carry his father for much of the nine kilometers. The soldiers drove all onto a narrow bridge, off of which they shot them one by one. The locals of Iordanesti authored a massacre under the command of their small-time leader, Halache Telefon.
One of the most horrible massacres took place at Banila on the Siret, whose inhabitants urged on by the mayor, Moscaliu, and the self-proclaimed leader, Barbaza slaughtered fifteen Jews. The parish priest Stefanovici refused to perform Sunday services the next day, telling his congregation, I am ashamed to enter this church, when my coreligionists commit such crimes.
On July 5,1941 massacres took place in all villages of Storojinet District where Jews lived. A group of Ukrainians, Ruthenians, and Romanians (civilians and soldiers) shot or beat to death between eighty and eighty-eight Jews in the village of Stanestii de Jos ; forty more died in the village of Stanestii de Sus.
None of the above crimes were in any way atypical for Storojinet, and analogous abominations proceeded in other villages of the district. In Cires all twelve Jewish families were killed. Eleven Jews were killed on the same fifth of July in Vilavca. Still another slaughter took place in Milie, where Ukrainians killed nearly the entire Jewish population, somewhere between 110 and 180 people. In Vijnita twenty-one Jews were killed shortly after Romanian troops entered the town on July 5. The Romanian army took nineteen Jewish hostages in Vascauti, executing them shortly thereafter. A massacre took place on that same day in Rostochi-Vijnita: the local residents joined with soldiers to kill at least seventy Jews. The Romanian army also executed eighteen Jews in Tereblecea and ten in Oprisani, in Radauti District. Jews were abused and tortured but not murdered in Lucavat (Storojinet District) and a few other villages.
Units of the 7th Infantry Division, in particular Police Company 7, commanded by Major Gheorghe Vartic, made up some of the forces that entered the city of Herta on July 5, 1941 . Vartic ordered the creation of a Civic Guard composed of Herta's residents that compiled lists of Jews. About 1500 were herded into the city's four synagogues and one cellar. Some of these were next forced to dig a trench, and many were executed there at four o'clock in the afternoon. About one hundred were executed at the Kislinger windmill and thirty-two in a park behind the prefecture.
One of the largest slaughters on that day took place in Cernauti, the capital of Bukovina , where 2000 Jews were killed by Romanian soldiers working in league with local residents, gendarmes, and German soldiers. Two mass graves at the Jewish cemetery received 250 corpses each, a third somewhat fewer. German troops executed another 400 Jews on July 9,1941 setting fire to the main synagogue with incendiary grenades.
Further mass killings took place between July 9 and 12 in Cernauti, Hotin, and Soroca Districts. Specifically, German SS and Romanian troops executed 162 Jews in Zoniachie and Rapujinet on July 9, another twenty-seven in Cotmani. The same Romanian unit that had killed the Jews of Stînca Roznovanu, near Marculesti, now robbed and killed another four hundred to five hundred in Gura Cainari, including a number of newborns. A similar massacre occurred in Marculesti proper.
A group of soldiers from the 14th Romanestis Infantry Division came upon a group of fifty Jewish refugees. The soldiers looted their victims, herded them into a pond, and shot them. Two wounded survivors dragged themselves onto the road, where a Romanian officer discovered them and sent them to Chiscareni Hospital . The 9th German Army protested this incident that diminished the prestige of the Romanian and German armies. General Tataranu, deputy head of the Supreme General Staff, ordered an investigation; it led only to the burial of the victims left behind in the pond.
The Romanians reentered Hotin on July 8. The entire Jewish population there was locked up on that very day in two school facilities. Fifty Jewish hostages were selected on July 10 for execution by Romanian policemen and gendarmes. The military police executed 12 more in nearby Lipcani the next day, 40 in Lincauti, and all 160 Jews in Ceplauti. Ten people were executed for political reasons in Milovat during that month.
And so it went elsewhere in the newly reoccupied territories. Massacres occurred around the city of Balti on July 11. A total of seventy-six Jews were executed as hostages in Balti from July 10 to July 17, according to the list of names that the Balti police compiled. German and Romanian troops entered the historic capital of Bessarabia, Chisinau, on July 18, 1941, almost immediately giving themselves over to the mass slaughter of its Jews and those of its environs: it is estimated that about ten thousand ultimately died. This is how the purification of the Romanian land proceeded in the neighboring Orhei District.
The postwar investigation revealed that approximately 250 political suspects and 500 Jews were executed in the territory of the Chilia legion, victims of political and racial intolerance. Those arrested for political reasons were liquidated in the same way as the Jews, most often en route between two villages, typically at the edge of a ditch prepared in advance. Non-Jewish political suspects also were killed in Cetatea Alba¨ District.
During the massacres in Bessarabia and Bukovina , Romanian soldiers and policemen operated independently of German tutelage. But in some instances the brotherhood-in-arms of Romanian and German soldiers found expression in joint operations against defenseless civilians. Hundreds of Jews were killed by the so-called paramilitary Civic Guards composed not only of Romanian but also of Ukrainian and Ruthenian townspeople and villagers.
All this anti-Semitic internationalism notwithstanding, relations between the Romanian and German armies were sometimes strained. The 9th German Army protested the disorderly action. German experience in joint operations with the Romanians throughout Bessarabia and Bukovina had brought the Germans to the conclusion that although the Romanians had the right idea, they were sloppy in their work. Raul Hilberg estimates that more than ten thousand Jews were murdered in Bukovina and Bessarabia during July 1941. Most of these were killed by Romanian and German military units acting on superior orders. Others, however, fell victim to Romanian and Ukrainian peasants who wanted (or even felt it their duty) to murder (and, of course, rob) their Jewish neighbors.
World War II transformed what might otherwise have remained a period of severe anti-Semitic outbreaks into a true Romanian Holocaust that, while part of the broader German-European Holocaust, remains at the same time a specifically Romanian story. As in Germany , the immediate background to Romania 's Holocaust tapped archaic anti-Semitic traditions and was crafted by the militant agitation of anti-Semitic parties, itself followed by state legislation and then compounded by wartime circumstances. Bloody mob violence was the result, but now, drawing in government elements, the riot took on the character of a social enterprise and thus invited takeover by the state.
This transitional phase, when mass robbery and mass murder evolved from a societal to a governmental enterprise, took place in the months immediately preceding and immediately following Romania 's entrance in the war. The tempering of the Romanian-German diplomatic alliance into one of wartime fraternity augured more deliberate and more systematic ill for Romania 's Jews. Finally, during this time the Antonescu regime became more directly involved in encouraging the violence, though still more in the sense of indirect inspiration. Soon, however, it would openly take things over, as will be seen in the following chapters.
Nikolaev (Mykolaiv) Romanian & German Atrocities
According to the former Soviet census of 1939, 25,280 Jews lived in Nikolayev. The city was occupied by German and Romanian forces on August 15, 1941.
From September 16–30, 1941 the Nikolaev massacre in and around the city of Mykolaiv resulted in the deaths of 35,782 Soviet citizens, most of whom were Jews, as was reported to Hitler directly .
L to R,HE-111 overflying Nikolaev , Nikolaev Ship Yards, Romanian Troops
Most of the Jewish population of Nikolayev did not have time to evacuate and were captured by the Romanian Troops and Einsatzgruppe D.
Jews were required to wear a distinctive sign, and subjected to much extortion and harassment. Nikolayev became the center of the "Nikolayev" district in the German-occupied Ukraine. In late August, 1941, the Jews of Nikolayev were ordered to appear with documents and other items at the collection points in the city cemetery. About five thousand people were shot right in the town cemetery.
L to R Romanian soldiers escorting Jews to execution,burned Synagoge,arrested Jews, Nikolaev
Apparently some Ukrainian Nationalits underground groups in Western Ukraine staged or incited anti-Jewish actions in their efforts to sabotage the Red Army's retreat after 22 June 1941. This became obvious after the brutal massacres of thousands of political prisoners by the NKVD before and during the Soviet evacuation eastward in the last week of June 1941.
The Nazi occupiers and certain elements in the OUN and within the local Ukrainian population blamed these mass murders on the Bolsheviks and NKVD personnel of Jewish extraction and, by extension, all Jews. This anti-Semitic perception of the Jews' collective guilt lay the mental groundwork for the anti-Jewish violence that occurred in various places in Western Ukraine in late June and early July 1941.
The situation east of the line connecting Zhytomyr in the north and Mykolaiv in the south was different, because in August 1941 the advancing police units began killing most if not all of the Jewish inhabitants they apprehended there immediately after occupying a place.
Approximately 20,000 Jews, mostly men, were killed during the commitment of the crimes. At the same time, the German political police, especially Einsatzgruppe C, started killing Jewish men en masse, particularly those they imagined were part of the "intelligentsia," ie, teachers, Party members, former community leaders, and so on. Officially these mass executions were declared reprisals for the NKVD's murders, even though the latter had not been directed against the Wehrmacht but against other local inhabitants, including some Jews.
L to R, Jews digging own graves before being murdered, SS photo post the atrocity,Soviets 1944
Many Jews were taken out of the city in the following three days. In the ravines between the outlying villages they first selected the people who could provide value, and the rest were then ordered to undress and were shot. In 1942 Nikolayev was set up as a labor camp in which Jews were brought from other cities of the Ukraine. This camp was destroyed in late 1942 to early 1943.
The most notorious massacre of Jews in Ukraine was at the Babi Yar ravine outside Kiev, where 33,771 Jews were killed in a single operation on September 29–30, 1941. (An amalgamation of 100,000 to 150,000 Ukrainian and other Soviet citizens were also killed in the following weeks). The mass killing of Jews in Kiev was decided on by the military governor Major-General Friedrich Eberhardt, the Police Commander for Army Group South (SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln) and the Einsatzgruppe C Commander Otto Rasch. It was carried out by a mixture of SS, SD and Security Police, assisted by the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police.
Romanian(not Dennish) born SS murderer of Nikolaev who escaped the rope thanks Allied errors
On the Monday, the Jews of Kiev gathered by the cemetery, expecting to be loaded onto trains. The crowd was large enough that most of the men, women, and children could not have known what was happening until it was too late: by the time they heard the machine-gun fire, there was no chance to escape. All were driven down a corridor of soldiers, in groups of ten, and then shot. A truck driver described the scene: One after the other, they had to remove their luggage, then their coats, shoes, and overgarments and also underwear … Once undressed, they were led into the ravine which was about 150 meters long and 30 meters wide and a good 15 meters deep … When they reached the bottom of the ravine they were seized by members of the Schutzmannschaft and made to lie down on top of Jews who had already been shot … The corpses were literally in layers. A police marksman came along and shot each Jew in the neck with a submachine gun … I saw these marksmen stand on layers of corpses and shoot one after the other … The marksman would walk across the bodies of the executed Jews to the next Jew, who had meanwhile lain down, and shoot him.
Kerch Crimea, Romanian & German Armies Atrocities
There are hundreds of cities and thousands of villages where the German and Romanian Armies advanced their offensive through South Ukraine and Crimea towards Sevastopol the Azov Sea and Stalingrad where large numbers of unimaginable barbaric war atrocities were commited by Romanians and their friends during the advance phase . For the purpose of this research, I decided to pick Kerch .
This region was always of strategic importance in that it controlled Sea routes mainly submarine activities and energy resources for both Imperial Russia and Soviet Union. The Kerch Strait is a 25-mile-long channel that is no wider than 9 miles, linking the critically important Black Sea to the Sea of Azov off of Russia's Northern Caucasus border. It has served as a key location for some for the strategic battle on Crimean war evolved into a Nazi-Soviet land and naval clash.
Soviet I-16 fighters protecting supplies to besieged Sevastopol in summer of 1942
From the 26 September 1941 the German 11th Army under Erich von Manstein and troops from Gen.Petre Dumitrescu and Gen.N.Ciuperca 3rd and 4th Romanian Armies were involved in the fighting versus the Red Army's Gen.Polkovnik Kuznetzov 51st Army and elements of the Black Sea Fleet. After the campaign, the peninsula was occupied by Gen.Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel Army Group A with the 17th Army as its major subordinate formation ( interestingly von Stülpnagel was executed in 1944 due to his Hitler plt participation )
Above Stülpnagel, Hoth, Kuznetzov and Manstein
Once the German and Romanian Armies broke through, they occupied most of Crimea, with the exception of the city of Sevastopol, which was given the title of Hero City for its resistance, and Kerch, which was recaptured by the Soviets during an amphibious operation near the end of 1941 and then taken once again by the Germans during Operation Bustard Hunt on 8 May,1942 under General Oberst Hoth .The Siege of Sevastopol lasted 250 days from 30 October 1941 until 4 July 1942, when the Axis finally captured the city. Sevastapol, the main object of the campaign
The Germans had first occupied Kerch as they drove on Sevastopol in November 1941. A landing by Black Sea Fleet Marines attached to the Soviet 51st Army drove the Germans and Romanians out. The Marines found thousands of dead civilians, deprived of food and terrorized by the Gestapo during the occupation.
Vyacheslav M. Molotov People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs for the Soviet Union, issued a communique on January 7, 1942, listing German & Romanian Armies atrocities. He told all Allied diplomats worldwide: "According to preliminary figures, about 7,000 persons were killed by the German & Romanian criminals in Kerch." During the Nuremberg Trials in 1945-1946, Soviet Assistant Prosecutor Colonel Lev N. Smirnov read statements from Kerch liberators and survivors into the Court record: " After the Germans & Romanians had been thrown out of Kerch, on 30 December, 1941, Red Army soldiers discovered, in the prison yard, a formless mass of bodies of young girls, naked, mutilated and unrecognisable, who had been savagely and cynically tortured to death by the fascists…As a site for the mass execution, like in Odessa Dhalnik against the Jews ,
The Nazis selected an anti-tank ditch near the village of Baguerovo where for three days trucks brought entire families who had been condemned to death. When the Red Army entered Kerch in January, 1942, the Baguerovo ditch atrocities were investigate. It was discovered that this ditch – 1 kilometer (3,280 feet) in length, 4 meters (13 feet) in width and 2 meters (6.5 feet) in depth – was filled to overflowing with bodies of women, children, old men, and boys and girls in their teens. Near the ditch were frozen pools of blood.
Romanestis marching in Crimea top right
Children's caps, toys, ribbons, torn-off buttons, gloves, milk bottles and rubber comforters, small shoes, golloshes together with torn-off hands, feet and other parts of human bodies were lying nearby. Everything was spattered with blood and brains. Twenty-year-old Anatolyi Ignatievich Bondarenko, now a soldier in the Red Army, states: 'When we were brought up to the anti-tank ditch and lined up alongside this fearful grave, we still believed that we had been fetched in order to fill in the ditch with earth or to dig new ones. We did not think we had been brought there to be shot, but when we heard the first shots from the automatic guns trained on us, I realised we were about to be murdered. I immediately hurled myself into the ditch and hid between two corpses.
An eye-witness report of the Nazi massacre of 5,000 civilian Jews in the city of Kerch, in the Crimea, was brought here today by a Jewish fisherman, Josef Weingarten, who succeeded in escaping from the city. Weingarten was left for dead by the Nazis after being machine-gunned together with hundreds of other Kerch Jews in a ditch eight kilometers from the city, which was covered with sand by the executioners after the mass-slaughter. He regained consciousness, however, after nightfall, and crawled out of the mass-grave stealing into town through the darkness. For thirteen days he was hidden, but finally succeeded in reaching the Russian Army's lines where he was given medical treatment.
The despicable crimes the barbaric Nazis and Romanians left behind them in Kerch, L to R the first 3 shots are not from Kertsch. Note the laughing SS madogs at the dead Soviet nurse , none of those maddogs returned a life to Germany may the angels protect her soul. All this was started by Hitler Antonescu and Axis. Note above the mini " Auschwitz " type camps created by Germans in Kertch.
Above : an other escu rat the Crimean Nazi murderer , Gen. Dumitrescu
Above : an other Nazi murderer"escu" hidding under the new Romanian regime , Gen.Mihail Lascar,post WWII Romanian Army Chief of Staff and Rom Army Inspector till 1950.In similar to United Sates also Communist Romania reinstated to power some former Fascists & Nazis on the post WWII era as long as their services were essential for State security.
Fuehrer's oakleaf cluster for Lascar's iron cross ,for excellency on the final solution
Above : no, not von Paulus , but an other Nazi escu murderer decorated by Hitler
Kerch,Fedosia,Simferopol,Yevpatoria,Sevastopol Massacres Architechts
War criminal Gen.Radu Corne with SS Max Wuensche,the Kertch death Architects. Two madogs worth immediate death sentence, L to Right Wuensch Korne, Korne, Korne and Romanestis
Gen.Radu Corne with his friend Max Wuensche, both Crimean massacres architects , Shots above Wuensche with Corne and Hitler with Wuensche. Wuensche escaped death trial thanks OSS and died of agging unlike his friend who was less lucky and died in Romanian prison hospital in 1949
Above : Mihai with General Erik Hansen
Highest Romanian awards presented to WWII Germanescus death architects
Convicted as mass murderers & war criminals not by this Blog but WWII Allied War Tribunals
who participated in the Sovieto – Judeo Final Solutions
Most of the above Germanescus were convicted by post WWII era Allied Tribunals
Deutsche Luftwaffe Mission Romania ,death architects
From the altitudes those Germanescus were flying & commanding at was impossible to wear Romanian orders , oh sorry was meant to murder Jews, Russians and civilians
though it ended with their last meals
but some old logos and tradition remained, meet Romanian AB 71 * Emanoil Ionescu *
United States of Bankrupt Americas "Business talk Nazis walk "
An other "escu " guilty of war atrocities against Russian civil population
General Field Marshall Erich von Manstein was Commander of the Eleventh Army and was fighting on the Black Sea and in the Crimea ( an other Antonescu's friends ). In 1949, he came before a British military tribunal in Hamburg on charges of complicity in the massacres committed by Einsatzgruppe D. His defense counsel was the Englishman Reginald T. Paget, who wrote a book – translated into German the year after he reports the following concerning the activities of Einsatzgruppe D in the Crimea: "To me, the numbers stated by the SD appeared to be entirely impossible. Individual companies of about 100 men with about 8 vehicles are declared to have killed 10,000 to 12,000 Jews in two or three days. Since, as one will recall, the Jews believed in a resettlement and consequently took their belongings along with them, the SD could not possibly have transported more than twenty or thirty Jews respectively in one truck. For each vehicle, with loading, 10 km of driving, unloading and return, an estimated two hours had to elapse. The Russian winter day is short and there was no night driving. In order to kill 10,000 Jews, at least three weeks would have been necessary.
German Romanian Defeat and Crimean Evac Atrocities 1944
The end of the begining , introduction
In the beginning of 1944 the Kriegmarime was composed of one battleship, four cruisers, six destroyers, 29 submarines, 13 submarine hunters, three motor-gunboats, 27 minesweepers, one monitor, 47 motor-torpedo boats, 27 armored gunboats, 44 small minesweepers, 113 small submarine hunters and a great number of patrol boats. After the Germans captured the Naval bases in Odessa and Sevastopol, the main forces of the Soviet Fleet were stationed in Poti and other harbors in the Caucasus until the end of the war. The Soviet Black Sea Fleet outnumbered the enemy. But it could not realize its full potential because of the remoteness of its bases and airfields, and also because of the great mine danger (from 1941 to 1944 the Germans laid more than 20,000 mines).
L to R , Janecke , Evpatoria atrocities under General Hansen . Hansen & Mihai Hitlerescu
As the 17th Army's forces dwindled, Generaloberst Jaenecke, leading the beleaguered force, became desperate. During the evacuation, the only replacements to arrive was a token force of only 1,300 men. The Axis had merely 64,000 men left in the Crimea, compared to a total Soviet strength approaching 500'000. Jaenecke requested permission to abandon the peninsula, but his request was denied by Hitler. After a personal meeting with Hitler that ended when Jaenecke stormed out, he was arrested and court-martialed. His replacement, Generalleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm Muller, would not arrive in the Crimea until May 4,1944
During the evacuation of Sevastopol, 25 convoys with German and Romanian vessels traveled from 14 to 27 April 1944 in both directions to the Romanian harbor at Constantza. En route they were attacked 28 times by the Soviet Black Sea Fleet DB-3F , A.20 and IL-2 torpedo bombers for 14 times , 18 times by subs, once by motor-torpedo boats and once by motor-gunboats. Only two bigger ships (Ossag and Leo) were sunk. The efficiency of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet was very low lacking accurate aimining. An example was the submarines, which in April /May 1944 carried out 50 torpedo attacks and launched more than 100 torpedoes. During this period only one German ship was sunk (by aircraft!), one was damaged and three were possibly hit. During the period 1941-1944, aircraft bombs and mines sank six Soviet submarines in Bulgarian coastal waters.
The military actions carried out by the German and the Romanian troops for defending Crimea during 1943-1944 detach themselves in the plan of the military history through the ampleness of the forces and means used (more than 700,000 men on both sides, 800 armoured vehicles, almost 9,000 cannons, 1,400 aircraft etc), through the complex character of the military actions of the forces involved in (land, air and navy forces), through the multifarious logistic problems raised in their course. The mission for defending "Crimean Fortress" which assured the control, both on sea and from the air, under the area of the centre and of the eastern part of the Black Sea, offering possibilities for the Axis to turn over the Soviet front on the Dnieper, but also to oblige the powerful Black Sea Fleet to keep distance in its refuge basis from Caucasus — was assigned, in October 1943, to the 17th German Army, that included, too, seven Romanian divisions.
Being warried about the extremely difficult situation of the Romanian Divisions (and still it was increasing in gravity each day), respectively the 10th and 19th Infantry, 6th and 9th Cavalry, 1st and 3rd Mountain, that were disposed in a circular defensive system within the structure of the V and XLIX German Army Corps, also grasping the uselessness of such an action as the stubborn defence of the Crimea Peninsula was, Ion Antonescu took various fast steps for bringing them back in the country. But all the Romanian demarches concerning this problem met the Hitler's decision to keep Crimea – at any price — without taking into account the dangerous situation which existed in the Nogay Steppe. On October 28, 1943, Ion Antonescu sent an imperative message (in a letter form) to Hitler, in which he expressed his serious concerns about the fate of the 7 Romanian divisions, marking proposals for their immediate evacuation through the Perekop Isthmus, that was not yet locked up.
Soon defeated Romanescu Hitlerscu & Co, captured I-153 at Kerch, pilot shot by Romanian Dorobanti Div. Soviet armoured train
The answer which Hitler gave to this proposal on October 29 was a negative one. He again expressed his firm decision to hold Crimea under his control. Yet, the fact was that Hitler's wishes did not took into account the Soviets' offensive plans for reconquering Crimea. After several lame attempt, the Soviet Supreme Command decided to start an ample offensive operation, which purposed "to disipate and annihilate the enemy's group of forces by simultaneous blows executed by General Fyodr Tolbuhin, from the north, from Perekop and Sivash, and by the Independent Seashore Army, led by General A.I.Eremenko, from the east, from the Kerch Peninsula, to the general direction Simferopol-Sevastopol, supported by the Black Sea Fleet, by the air big units of middle range and also by the partisan detachments". From the begin-ning of this operation, in the structure of the two Soviet groups of forces were 470,000 military men, 5,982 artillery pieces (mortars also included), 560 tanks and armoured vehicles, more that 1,000 aircrafts and the Black Sea Fleet.
Fyodr Tolbukin , one of most capable and human WWII Soviet military leader even Mihai respected him
Farewell Saki airfield by Romanestis,captured HE-111 and destroyed FW 190,Black Sea Fleet
Yet planned to start in March 1944, the Soviet offensive operation for recon-quering Crimea was delayed because of the unfavourable weather and of the big storm in the Azov Sea, another term being fixed in April 1944. So, the offensive was launched on April 8, 1944 by the IV Ukrainean Front with the 2nd Guard Army and the 51st Army, which breach the defensive positions held by the German and Romanian troops since the first day.
Massive air power used by Luftwaffe against civil population during German retreat
The end of a German Romanian dream near Sevastopol
Carrying its action on a front wide of over 40 km, the Soviet mass of troops that attacked in the northern part of Crimea reached on April 10 the alig-ment: 8 km east of Karanky south of Tomaschevka, 10 km west of Karanki, 13 kms south of Armyansk and began to follow the troops which withdrew, using the big units of the 2nd Guard Army, along the western seashore towards Eupatoria and those of the 51st Army in the central part of the peninsula, to the general direction Simferopol. The strong pressure of the Soviet forces, the lack of reserves and also the danger to be encircled by intercepting the lines of retreat of the German and Romanian forces from the Kerci Peninsula obliged the 17th German Army to give the order for the beginning of the retreat and of the evacuation, on April 10, in accordance with "Adler" code name of the operation. Hitler approved the retreat, but he ordered that Sevastopol should be kept as long as possible; from there only the wounded, the personnel of the logistic formations, different materials and other disposable forces were to be evacuated.
Liberating Evpatoria. Captured Luftwaffe arsenal ,Saki airfield 1944
The Evacuation
In spite of the dramatic situation on the front, Hitler maintained his decision to resist. By diminishing the width of the defensive front he admitted, at last, the idea of carrying back a number of combatants. Thus started, on April 14, 1944, the evacuation operation, also called "The 60,000" Operation, which was performed mainly by the Romanian Naval forces and also by the German in similar ones. Up to April 27 a number of 28'000 Romanian soldiers were evacuated and carried to Constanţa by vessels. But during the withdrawl the German Command ceased the evacuation, hoping that the forces under its command would keep the bridgehead at Sevastopol.
German POW's , Luftwaffe personnel funeral at Evpatoria,captured ME-210 at Saki brought to Jukowsky
The Soviet offensive restarted on May 1, 1944, carried on by the divisions of the 2nd Guard Army, 51st Army and Independent Black Sea Fleet Marines, which on May 9 entered Sevastopol. The main body of the Romanian-German forces that still had remained in Crimea left the city during the night of May 7/8, withdrawing in the Kersones bridghead, with the view to be repatriated by sea or by air. The Romanian troops' evacuation began on May 11, in extremely difficult conditions, produced by the intense fire barage sustained by the artillery in the area of the embarkment beaches and because of the very active presence of the Soviet torpedo aircraft, that sunk 3 of the Romanian merchant ships involved in ferrying the troops, also impedding the final evacuation.
Naval Captain A-20 pilot Col.Tokarev HSU & Gp CO 36 MTAP , KIA January 1944, a Romania 1941 air campaigns vet
On the early and final evacuation phase at Evpatoria, Simferopol, Cape Kershonese, Karabuz and Saragoz the Romanian and German Armies commited a wide range of retaliatory atrocities against , civil population, Soviet POW's and the reminder of Jewish population.
Counting Crimean Campaigns Losses
Otto Ohlendorf, commander of Einsatzgruppe D
At the beginning of November 1941, Otto Ohlendorf, commander of Einsatzgruppe D, transferred the staff of his unit from Nikolajev to Simferopol, the Crimea's capital. Simferopol was an important base of German troops and supplies, the staffs of the XXXth and LIVth Army Corps, the 72nd and 22nd Infantry Divisions, the Head Quarter Master, the Commander of the Luftwaffe at 11th Army and the competent Economics Command having their headquarters there.
The begining and end of a despicable Einsatzgruppen D mass murderer Nazi rats
The city's administration was in the hands of Local Command Post (Ortskommandantur) I/853 under Captain Kleiner, which made a census of the local population according to their ethnicity and found that, of originally 156,000 inhabitants, 120,000 of various population groups had remained in Simferopol, thereof 11,000 of originally 20,000 Jews.
Simferopol, Yalta,Sochi, Evpatoria & Crimea Atrocities
It began at Simferopol on 9 December 1941, when Sonderkommando 11b and the staff of Einsatzgruppe D wiped out the city's Krimchaks, probably at least 1,500 people. Thereafter the killing stopped for two days because Ohlendorf had to solve a personnel problem: the policemen of the 4th Company of Police Reserve Battalion 9, who had assisted Einsatzgruppe D in its massacres since the beginning of the Russian campaign, were tired of killing and had requested being given another duty. Their request had been granted, and Ohlendorf had to wait for the replacement unit, the 3rd Company of Police Reserve Batallion 3, to arrive at Simferopol.
When 3rd Company of Police Reserve Battalion 3 arrived at Simferopol, there was no time for getting its men used to the killing on a gradual basis. With the assistance of available men from other detachments of Einsatzgruppe D, the policemen of both police battalions and the detached members of FGA 683 and GFP 647, Braune's Sonderkommando 11b and Ohlendorf's staff of Einsatzgruppe D continued the execution on 11 December 1941. Braune had told his men that they had a "major combat day" (Grosskampftag) ahead and even the medics would have to take part.
The killing of the Jews lasted for three days. The Jews were ordered to gather in the area of the former Communist Party building in the city center and to hand over their bags and valuables, for so their killers told them – these could otherwise be stolen during the transport that was to take them to labor service, and they would receive them afterwards. Trucks of the Einsatzgruppe and the army, buses and also smaller booty vehicles were used to quickly bring the people to an anti-tank ditch outside Simferopol. The members of Police Reserve Battalion 3 had to take part in the murder right away. Some of them had noticed that colleagues of Police Reserve Battalion 9 had "cracked"; now they understood why. Again and again, in the presence of Ohlendorf and Braune, there was the command "Ready, aim, fire!". 50 men firing in salvos were standing in a row. So-called coups de grace were administered by experienced members of the Einsatzgruppe.
Wehrmacht soldiers also participated in the shooting, it being unclear whether these were exclusively military policemen and members of the Geheime Feldpolizei. In the icy cold chosen prisoners had to pile up the corpses in the ditch so that no space would be wasted, others dragged corpses lying aside to the pit and threw them in. Whoever tried to flee or faked death was shot by the men of the Einsatzgruppe with machine pistols. The perpetrators' cynicism was ever present, like when the instruction was given not to waste another bullet on a Jewess still alive lying in the pit because a heap of earth would be thrown unto the corpses and she would then choke anyway. A young Jew had tried to resist, whereupon the leader of the action ordered not to shoot him but to beat him dead. Thus the murder went on the following days. Eventually the Einsatzgruppe also extended its action to the city's Gypsies, a request from the army having presumably been one of the factors that led to the decision to also remove this population group.
In Operational Situation Report USSR Nr. 150 of 02.01.1942, Ohlendorf reported that, with the end of the action on 15 December 1941, Simferopol, along with other parts of the Crimea, had been made free of Jews. This turned out to be a mistake, as many Jews were still in hiding. Smaller massacres throughout the Crimea followed until the end of the year.
Today's Simferopol and Kerch, Russian Fed. Destroyer " Kerch "at Sevastopol
Thus ends my summary of Angrick's reconstruction of events at Simferopol in November and December of 1941. As I said before, this reconstruction is based on documentary evidence and numerous eyewitness testimonies. The latter figure referred to the total number of executions by Einsatzgruppe D since the beginning of the Russian campaign. The greatest part of the Crimea figures probably correspond to the Simferopol massacres, followed by the massacres at Kerch in the first days of December (ca. 2,500 Jews) and at Feodosia around 10 December 1941 (over 1,000 Jews and Krimchaks), also described in detail by Angrick. It is thus clear that Paget's claim about a single small-scale massacre at Simferopol on 16 November 1941 has nothing to do with the historical record of the fate of Simferopol's Jews and Krimchaks, most of whom were killed in the massacres on 9 December and after 11 December 1941.
Red Army , Forgotten German & Romanian Armies Victims
Hitler's & Antonescu's war against the Soviet Union fused ideological aggression with racial impetus and colonial aspirations that resulted in a conflict of unsurpassed brutality. Rather than being an unwilling participant in this brutal struggle, the Royal Romanian Army along with Wehrmacht were a loyal and enthusiastic playesr. One of the most telling examples of its participation in war crimes was its treatment of Soviet prisoners of war. Statistics show that out of 5.7 million Soviet soldiers captured between 1941 and 1944 until the Romanian capitualte, more than 64'000 died in Romanian captivity. A larger group of Soviet POW captured throughout crimes mid summer and winter 1941 were handed over by the Rumanians to SS, Whermacht out of whom at least 80 political officers were killed on Sept.3,1941 when the Zyclon B was tested at Auschwitz on 600 Soviet political officers . Also Soviet Red Army female personnel were not spared from the the Romanian Army mistreatment.
From what I was told by my both uncles during Romanian Armies advances in Bessarabia,Moldova , Southern Ukraine towards Crimea there were repeated cases where regular Army units were involved on numerous massacres against Russian population, Jews and Red Army personnel including women.Advancing towards Lugansk , Donets , Sevastopol the number of atrocities against Soviets were rapidly increasing. In addition those Regiments not willing to participate and those lacking orders in acting occassonally sent the POW's to Romanian POW's camps through Dulag 202 and the political officers , higher echelons,pilots to either SS Einsatzgruppe D Sued and those Soviets who survived landed later on in Romania and throughout the Reich on Oflags, Stalags , Rumanian camps . Airmen who fell into Romanian competences were sent to Romania and in rare cases dent directly to SD units .
Those who didn't attempt escapes remained till Aug. 1944 in Romania rest were sent to Oflags and from 1943 on to Stalag Luft II inLodj, Poland . Airmen recepients of HSU titles were sent to SD rather interned kept on Romanian P.O.W camps . At least 280 Red Army women soldiers were held POW in Romania. I am not aware of any Soviet pilots and officers execution on the Romanian camps, rather death through escape, malnutrition , illness etc. Till Aug 1944 at least 105 Soviet airmen were kept captive at Ferbinti, Kalafat and Galati. Several reasons have been advanced by those seeking to explain this gruesome statistics of the German / Romanian atrocities . The first is that the Soviet Union had not signed international conventions protecting prisoners of war, and therefore its soldiers could expect no protection under international law. Another frequently quoted explanation, one used by Wehrmacht officers testifying at Nuremberg, suggests that the German military was simply overwhelmed by the number of prisoners and that the mass deaths were an unfortunate but natural consequence of insufficient resources. Hitler issued guidelines for the treatment of Soviet prisoners in March 1941. They called for the liquidation of all political commissars and communists.
In spite of international conventions, they were to be killed immediately. Liquidation Squads operational groups—Einsatzgruppen—were supposed to seek out and kill the commissars and communists from among the soldiers. These Einsatzgruppen were set up before the attack on the USSR to "cleanse" areas near the front of "dangerous elements," such as communists, partisans, Jews, and Gypsies. Later, the search was extended to POW camps in the depths of the Reich. Executions would take place in the nearest concentration camp.It is not known to what extension the Royal Romanian Army complied or not with such the directive.
On September 8, 1941, three months after the start of Operation Barbarossa and Ops Munchen, Reinecke reminded his subordinates, 'the Bolshevik soldier forfeited every claim to be treated as an honorable soldier and in keeping with the Geneva Convention.' Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, chief of the Abwehr ( objected to Reinecke's assertions ) but was quieted by Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, who reminded the admiral, 'This struggle has nothing to do with soldierly chivalry or the regulations of the Geneva Conventions.' It is interesting to note that while Hitler's armies felt themselves relieved from the 'niceties' of international law during the campaign, the soldiers of Romanian allies regularly acknowledged the rights of Soviet soldiers under their protection ( at least on paper ) General Major Heinz Hellmich, commanding the 23rd Infantry Division, ordered that white flags were not to be respected. 'There will be no quarter!' he raged.
Captain Finselberg of the division's 6th Infantry Regiment told his troops to take no prisoners, as they were 'useless consumers of food and anyway a race whose extermination would be a step in the right direction.' Panzer Group 3 found prisoners guilty of having taken 'measures against the German Wehrmacht' and shot them out of hand. On June 29, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge ordered, 'Soviet women in uniform are to be shot which was as barbaric as the war atrocities with the Jews which explains the later Russian actions against German and Romanian POW's and civil population on the Russian occupied territories.
Left middle Hellmich right von Kluge
Soviet women defending their country ended up executed by barbares,paralles to ISIS of today
Rare cases of Soviet women traitors ,one identifying the Politruk, the other a Soviet Air Force Navigator
Later, as their excesses ignited a protracted partisan war, the Germans reacted by issuing harsh orders calling for the execution of any Red Army personnel found in civilian clothing. An order to the 56th Infantry Division stated, 'Soldiers in plain clothes mostly recognizable by their short hair are to be shot following their identification as Red Army soldiers.' Villages were razed for sheltering Red Army soldiers, and prisoners were shot in retaliation for partisan attacks or for simply being soldiers. A field court-martial had sentenced a major to demotion for shooting POWs for no particular reason. Hitler intervened and excused the major, stating, 'We cannot blame lively spirits when they, convinced as they are that the German people are engaged in a unique battle of life and death, reject the Bolshevik world-enemy beyond all commandments of humanity.' Following his intervention the Major rank was reinstated. As a reflection of the racial nature of the war, Jewish prisoners were often held for execution by mobile SD squads or by Wehrmacht commanders. Soldiers from the Soviet Union's Asian republics were frequently shot out of turn, as were loosely defined 'Communist agitators.' So too were the wounded. In October 1942, wounded prisoners being held at Stalag 355 were being shot rather than treated. Seventy others, 18 of whom were amputees, were shot near the village of Khazhyn on December 24, 1942.
Above a rare body language shot of a Soviet Tankist captured by the German Mountain Division soldiers, Currahee and may his courrage ever inspire . Right, HSU recepient the pilot Col.Vlasov murdered at Mauthaussen .
Example : Lt.Baklanov Ivan Ivanovitch 1940 and 1945 upon liberation from Mauthaussen
Soviet political officers and HSU recepient officers and pilots were either shot at sight or sent to death camps
Hitler issued guidelines for the treatment of Soviet prisoners in March 1941. They called for the liquidation of political commissars and communists. In spite of international conventions, they were to be killed immediately. Police operational groups—Einsatzgruppen—were supposed to seek out and kill the commissars and communists from among the soldiers. These Einsatzgruppen were set up before the attack on the USSR to "cleanse" areas near the front of "dangerous elements," such as communists, partisans, Jews, and Gypsies. Later, the search was extended to POW camps in the depths of the Reich. Executions would take place in the nearest concentration camp.
According to my info on Sept. 3, 1941, the Nazis conducted the first mass killing of people using Zyklon-B in prison cell number 27 in Block 11. The subjects of this first mass killing on September 3, 1941 were 600 Russian POWs all field Politrukts and 250 sick prisoners. The testing done in the previous months had determined the right amount of Zyklon-B needed to kill a room full of people. It is known the murder of 600 Soviet Prisoners of War and about 250 sick prisoners took place in Block 11 between September 3rd and September 5th. Aproximately 80 of the Politruks were POW's from Bessarabia, Moldova and Southern Ukraine handed over by the Romanian Army to SS Einsatzgruppe D . As into Romania an other chaper of my research is dealing with the situation of the Romanian POW camps from 1941 till Aug 1944. Several groups of Soviet officers were executed by the so-called Sonderkommando Zeppelin in the camp. The great TV serials " War and Remembernace " of Herman Wouk citting and incorrect number of 900 Soviet Politruks.
Soviet Politruks even two above pilots & airmen were sent to gas chammbers
Soviet Politruks even several airmen were sent to Auschwitz to be first tested with Cyclon B
Auschwitz Block 11
There can be no excuse for the excesses committed by Soviet troops in Romania, Germany and occupied territories , but the Wehrmacht's treatment of Russian prisoners might serve as one possible explanation for their behavior. Far more than half the Soviet soldiers taken prisoner by the Germans during the course of World War II died in captivity. 70 years later, a full accounting of the Nazi regimes in Germany and Rumania and the brutality of the war on the Eastern Front requires that politicians, legal authorities, historians and students of the war hold the Romanians & Wehrmacht accountable for its actions and seek justice for its victims.
Bucharest, Romania summer 1941
Superb marriage of Princess Ileana,of Romania, she's will preserve blueblood & Luftwaffe tradition
Jews & Russian's Summer – 1941
Moldova and Valachia exterminations late summer '41 winter '42
|As early as June 21, 1941, Ion Antonescu ordered that all able-bodied eighteen- to sixty-year-old Jewish males in all villages lying between the Siret and the Prut Rivers be removed to the Târgu Jiu camp in Oltenia and to villages surrounding that camp. Their families and all Jews in other Moldavian villages underwent evacuation to the nearest urban districts. In addition to Târgu Jiu, the Ministry of the Interior and certain military garrisons set up camps in Craiova, Caracal, Turnu Severin, and Lugoj. Throughout Moldavia and in much of the rest of the country, hundreds more were interned as hostages against anticipated actions by other Jews. These internments would last only until January 23, 1942, when the policy of taking hostages was abandoned. In a message sent in July 1941 to the Ministry of Internal Affairs the Iasi prefect, Colonel Dumitru Captaru recounted the concentration of Jews from northern Moldavia in the southern part of Romania: 829 Jews (275 adult men, 377 women, 98 boys, and 79 girls) in twenty-four railway cars (twelve passenger cars for the women and children, twelve freight cars for the men). On November 12, at Marshal Antonescu ' s request, the Supreme General Staff offered statistics showing that 47,345 Jews were then employed in socially useful or, more precisely, forced labor, the luckier at projects in their own communities, others in external work detachments hundreds of kilometers away. An undated list from the Supreme General Staff shows that these assignments sent more than seventeen thousand Jews to twenty-one districts.Engaged in enterprises such as breaking rocks and repairing roads, these Jews toiled in a state of pronounced exhaustion.The advantage that Jews in Regat enjoyed over those living in the territories that had been lost to and then regained from the Soviets reflected a distinction the government made between the two categories of Jews. A series of orders in the summer of 1942 sought the elimination of all Jews suspected of Communist sympathies, a purpose explicitly formulated in the July 24 instruction of the Office of the President of the Council of Ministers to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. All Jews who were Communists or Communist sympathizers were to be deported to Transnistria; as a result 1,045 Jews were sent to Transnistria in July. On September 3, the Bucharest Prefecture of Police arrested 395 Jews, many of whom were suspected of being Communists, including three who, in December 1940, had petitioned to go to Soviet-occupied Bessarabia under the exchange of populations arrangement; their petitions had just been unearthed in the archives of what had been the Soviet legation in Bucharest. A mere five days after their arrest, all of them were deported to Transnistria. During their trip their number grew to 578 as more Communists, sympathizers, suspects, and would-be emigrants arrested in provincial towns were boarded onto the trains. Another 407 who had already been interned in Târgu Jiu were likewise packed into the freight cars. Yet a further 554 Jews from still other towns, all suspected of Communist activity but not previously arrested, and 85 others already sentenced and imprisoned soon joined the caravan.
Suspected Communist affiliation was not the only justification for deportations from Romanian Kingdom. On July 11, 1942, the Supreme General Staff ordered evacuation to Transnistria as punishment for violations of the forced labor regime. Thus on September 22, 1942, a new group of 148 Jews and their families were sent to Transnistria following reports by General Cepleanu of their evasion of forced labor. Another group was arrested on October 2, 1942, but these Jews were freed eleven days later and not deported. Non-Jews too suffered torture,beatings, and exhausting labor in the Târgu Jiu camp. The General Staff coordinated and oversaw the forced labor of these other minorities. Just as the Hungarian authorities in northern Transylvania had dragooned Romanians into forced labor gangs, Ion Antonescu ordered able-bodied Magyars to be brought into his own forced labor detachments. As late as May 13, 1943, a detachment of 250 Jews was sent from Bucharest to perform labor in Balta, Transnistria, however only 23 but this appears to have reached the final destination.
Bessarabia & Bucovina
The Massacres
On July 25, 1941, Romanian troops led a convoy of 25,000 Romanian Jews beyond the Dniester River to German-occupied Ukraine, apparently in the hope that the Germans would swiftly dispatch them through the Reich death camps. However, the German military authorities refused the convoy, which had to return to Bessarabia. But even before their return crossing, the Germans did manage to cull about one thousand of the old, sick, and exhausted on the pretext of interning them in a home for the elderly; after the others had moved on, all were murdered and buried in an antitank trench. On August 13, as the original convoy approached the crossing at Yampol, the Germans killed another 150 who had stopped in the woods without permission.
The Germans shot 800 more on the banks of the Dniester for holding up the operation. Of the 25,000 Bessarabian Jews originally herded beyond the Dniester, only 16,500 returned: more than 8,000 had perished between July 25 and August 17. These weeks saw a number of comparable episodes. On August 1, Germans stationed in Chisinau rounded up 450 Jews, mostly intellectuals and young women, whom they then took to the suburb of Vistericeni to murder. All but 39 were murdered, and these few were returned to the ghetto. Another massacre took place near the river on August 6, when a Romanian military gendarme battalion shot 200 Jews and threw their corpses into the Dniester. A week later the Chisinau police office laconically reported on another incident of this sort. The Transit Camps
The deportation of Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina entailed a systematic, wide-ranging process that Antonescu and his immediate collaborators put in place and that was implemented largely by the Supreme General Staff. While the Antonescu administration pretended that this was an orderly evacuation of a civilian population, it was in fact one of the major atrocious crimes of the Holocaust. But the official version remained the same from beginning to end. A memorandum from the general secretariat of the Council of Ministers on January 24, 1944, for instance, offered the following official justification for the deportations: The deportations from Bessarabia and Bukovina were carried out to satisfy the honor of the Romanian people, which was outraged by the Jewish attitude toward the Romanian army during its retreat from the territories ceded ceded to USSR in June 1940; and (b) the Jewish attitude toward the Romanian population during the occupation. Deportations of Jews from Moldavia, Walachia, Transylvania,and Banat occurred after Antonescu ordered on July 17, 1942 that all Jews who had violated laws and provisions, and others similar infractions would be deported beyond the Bug river.
The intention to satisfy the honor of the Romanian people was, however, by no stretch of the imagination a determinative factor in actual events. The historical record proves that baser motives were at play: the desire to find scapegoats for Romanian failures; the eagerness for revenge on anyone for Romanian sufferings; the boundless, violent greed of both state and mob; unrestrained sadism; and blind, unquestioning, boundless bigotry .
Between the lines even Antonescu hinted that lust for revenge was central, when, for example, he spoke of Jewish agents who exploited the poor until they bled, who engaged in speculation, and who had halted the development of the Romanian nation for centuries; for him, the deportations meant satisfying the ostensible need to get rid of this scourge. On July 8, 1941, the dictator ' s kinsman, Mihai Antonescu, expressed the leadership's intent still more explicitly when he stated his indifference about whether history would consider his regime barbaric, and that this was the most propitious moment to deport the Jews.
As early as the end of July 1941, the Romanian military began assembling Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina for deportation across the Dniester River, succeeding in sending across tens of thousands before the Germans became aware of what was going on. However, Romanian soldiers and police soon met resistance from the Germans, who thought their program precipitous. Transit camps would have to be created because the Germans did not want the Jews in what was still a war zone. Raul Hilberg describes the situation: During the last week of July the Romanians, acting upon local initiative, shoved some 25,000 Jews from northern Bessarabian areas across the Dniester into what was still a German military area and a German sphere of interest. . . . The Eleventh German Army, observing heavy concentrations of Jews on the Bessarabia side,attempted to block any traffic across the river.
The order was given to barricade the bridges. On August 12, German intelligence informed Berlin that Ion Antonescu had ordered the expulsion of 60'000 Jews from Regat to Bessarabia; assigned to building roads, German intelligence warned that these Jews might actually be slated for deportation across the Dniester. The Germans began to discern the specter of more than half a million Jews driven into the rear of a thinly stretched Einsatzgruppe D, already staggering under the task of murdering the Jews of southern Ukraine with only six hundred men.
The German legation in Bucharest made haste to ask Deputy Premier Mihai Antonescu to eliminate the Jews only in a slow and systematic manner. The latter replied that he had already recommended to the marshal that he revoke his order since the Conducator had overestimated the number of Jews capable of work; indeed, police prefects had already been told to stop enactment of the measure. In Tighina on August 30, 1941, the chief of the German military mission in Romania, Major General Hauffe, and a representative of the Romanian Supreme General Staff, General Tataranu, signed what would be called the Hauffe-Tataranu Convention for Transnistria; this agreement stipulated that Romanian authorities would govern Transnistria, and it gave them jurisdiction over any Jews living there. But the document also stated that deportation beyond the Bug River would no longer be allowed; consequently, Jews would have to be concentrated in labor camps until the completion of military operations could make further evacuation to the east possible
From left : Tataranul ( Tzaranul ) Hauffe & Antonesu, Mihai Hauffe ,Antonescu
Mihai Viteazul ( Currageous Mihai )
In outline, two stages of the deportation of Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina can be distinguished. The first phase occurred during the summer and early fall of 1941, when the Jews living in rural areas were herded into transit camps and urban Jews into ghettos. The second stage took place from September to November, when Bessarabian and Bukovinian Jews were systematically deported to Transnistria to complete implementation of Ion Antonescu ' s orders. These expulsions were accomplished by administrators selected by Mihai Antonescu as the bravest and toughest of the entire police force. Meanwhile, the internment of Jews in transit camps accelerated. The Jews of Bessarabia and Bukovina were assembled in Secureni, Edineti, Marculesti, Vertujeni, and other, smaller transit camps.
To reach these camps, the gendarmerie dragged the Jews in all directions over the Romanian countryside ' s rutted roads, most often without water and food; at least seventeen thousand died in August alone during these forced marches. According to Hilberg's assessment, more than 27,000 Jews died in July and August 1941 in Bessarabia and Bukovina, in August alone 7,000 in the transit camps and 10,000 in Transnistria.
Romanians and the Germans entering Balti and Balti airfield along with Germans
The quantitative picture is terrible enough, but the testimony of survivors, perpetrators, and witnesses paints an almost surreal canvas that more clearly conveys the horror of the transit camps. The Rautel camp, for example, established in the woods twelve kilometers from Balti on July 17, amassed Jews from the city ghetto into dilapidated cottages and antitank ditches, all surrounded by barbed wire. Between 2,600 and 2,800 competed for the six cottages, which together could hold 100 people at the most; those forced to seek shelter in the ditches covered themselves with makeshift roofs of branches.
marching to Rautel execution camp near Balti airfield the base of retreated 55 IAP courtesy Dr.J.Prien JG 77 in WWII , Volume II
Luftwaffe's pilot statement : shortly after photo was taken all Jews were shot dead by Romanian Army
From left to right Soviet officer is shot after capture by Einsatzgruppe D near Balti
The transit camp of Secureni opened at the end of July 1941. Initially, Jews from Hotin District were interned there, as well as some from Noua Sulita and other Bessarabian localities. According to Joe Gherman, the Hotin prefect, eating raw cereal grain caused the death of 30 or 40 percent of the internees during the first several days, though this later decreased to one-tenth of that rate. The Jews in Secureni, however, were generally in a better financial position than those in Edineti, who had come from Cernauti, Storojinet, Noua Sulita, and Radauti, totally destitute after having been plundered during previous transportations across the Dniester River and back again. At Edineti conditions were so atrocious that in October 85 percent of the children perished.
Ghettos Chisinau & Cernauti
The ghetto of Chisinau was the largest in Bessarabia, in operation mainly from July to November 1941, after which time only a few hundred Jews remained. It had been established on July 24 by Order No. 61 of General Voiculescu, the provincial governor, and eventually housed as many as eleven thousand Jews; on August 19, somewhere between 9,984 and 10,578 residents inhabited the ghetto, of whom 2,200 to 2,300 were children and 5,200 to 6,200 were women. Throughout its short existence the ghetto never quite sealed its inmates hermetically from the outside. Some of the guards helped the Jews get food from the outside in return for any valuables the prisoners could offer. Voiculescu worried that the authorities maintained only an illusion of control, and at one point he warned that if measures were not taken to assert control, we will be surprised and overwhelmed by the Jidani, or see them flee. To minimize commerce between the guards and the inmates, he ordered the former to be changed every ten days.
The Romanestis called it Romanian Liberted Cernauti ( Chernowitz) As heartless as his attempts to suppress the black market may seem, Voiculescu nevertheless worried about certain elements of the situation that were detrimental to his inmates. In an August 31 report to the president of the Council of Ministers, for instance, he stated that Chisinau had the capacity to employ only eight hundred Jews to earn their daily bread; indeed, even their semilicit trade with the locals provided sustenance for only a small group. The majority of them had no means whatsoever and had to rely on handouts from an overtaxed ad hoc ghetto committee. Reflecting his own anti-Semitic prejudices and perhaps a cynical understanding of world politics Voiculescu proposed that the government approach the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (H.I.A.S.) in the hope of obtaining aid from the United States. In the early days of the Chisinau ghetto Jews were permitted to exit with passes from the city ' s military commander, facilitating soldiers and gentile civilians exploitation of their plight. The commission ' s findings indicated that 441 Jews had died there, 20 of them suicides. Most had died from natural causes, especially the elderly or the very young. Though deportation of nearly the entire surviving population of the ghetto took place during the fall, some flaw in the system permitted a reprieve for about 150 sick prisoners; others exempted for various reasons totaled fewer than this figure. The ghetto in Cernauti attained a population of about 55,000 Jews, 30,000 of whom were deported in the fall of 1941 and 5,000 the following summer. Those remaining survived in the ghetto until the end of the war. The Bukovina administration served under three governors during the war:
Dragalina and Calotescu ( calotescu right hand side )
Colonel Alexandru Rioseanu, who died on August 30, 1941; the aforementioned General Corneliu Calotescu, one of the chief authors of the 1941 and 1942 deportations; and General C. I. Dragalina, who became governor in 1943.
From Barbarossa to Bucharest ,Stalingrad and from Kursk to Hell
Romania August 1944, The Judgement Day
Remember the 1000 year's Reich ? this was just 3 years later
Then you certainly remember this
And this
And maybe this
Ever seen the square above ? Is Bulevardul Magheru in Bucharest near where once the famous Luftwaffe DTM Hdq of Speidel and Gerstenberg was located, take a look at those " glorious " beaten Germans marching like this not the first or last time in a world a war . Remember the famous Moscow POW's march ? They too must have used tons of water to clean up Magheru square from those Nazi insects .
And don't forget those too ,just in case you want to try it again
In the Memoriam of those murdered by Romanian & German Armies in WWII
This research and unlike what you may have heard from the Romanians is a true story , the reconstructions are based on original archival documents of US Government (NARA) Personen Archiven Germany,Luftwaffe Archiven Freiburg i.B. ,TzAMO Russian Federation, Shimon Wiessenthal Center and eyewitness accounts. It was dedicated to the below randome victims of the Romanian & German Armies in WWII ,uncle of my wife, those who lost their loved ones to the Nazis , anyone who believes in justice and those who helpped my research.
Vadim Petrovitch uncle of my wife author of 3 books , Soviet Air Force WWII Veteran , Freydorfskey Escadrilia Crimea 1941-1944
On October 1944 a group of 22 Soviet pilots out of whom a few had to ditch over Romania , Moldova, Bessarabia Yugoslavia,Baltics etc were handed over by the Romanians, Yugoslavians,Lithuanians and Ukrainians to the SD who sent them first to Dulags then Stalag Luft II in Poland following interrogation at Koengisberg Stalag Luft-VI by the famous Jewish Soviet pilot traitor Col.Pivenstein who was to offer them participation into Gen.Vlasov's Army . The pilots refused and attempted to escape upon their return from Koenigsberg in Litzmannstadt (Lodj) .They walked in various groups 3-4 days through Poland . 18 pilots were caught by SD and SS , some were shot on the run and some who were caught alive were handed over to SD Frankfurt , excuted & cremated on October 1944 ,the fate of the remaining pilots is unknown . Futher escapes of Soviet pilots and airmen were attempted at Dachau, Auschwitz, Buchenwald , Stalag Luft II ,VI and Mauthausen. In most of the cases those who were caught were executed an cremated.
Sarah Vagman, from Akkerman (Odessa District) one of the numerous women rapped & massacred by Romanian Army soldiers in WWII
Those Jews murdered by the Einsatzgruppe D , Romanestis & even Luftwaffe which machined gunned in Bessarabia , Bucovina, South Ukraine and Crimea.
A sensless victim of the Barbarian Romanians who occupied Akkerman on July 1941 , Sarah Vagman was murdered on Aug 1, 1941 along with many other Jews from Akkerman ( Cetatea Alba) . When the Romanians approached Akkerman , other than the airmen of 5 SBAP and 168 IAP stationed near Akkerman just few miles away from her house who could flee to Northern Ukraine, Sarah and family had no planes and no place where to seek refuge to . On a hot day of August 1, 1941 when other Romanestis were spending their summer vacations in Bucharest ,she was rapped murdered along with family by Antonescu's Army's "heroic soldiers "
Sgt.Pilot Ponomarev 132 BAP Kirowograd and Grigoriopol , shot down at Iasi 25.6.1941 , at Iasi Hospital , POW Budesti Romania 1941,handed over by the Iasi's Mayor to SS, died at Stalag XVII-A in 1942 due poor nutrition and desease.
Prof.Lucretiu Patrascanu unfortunately a Communist and one of the most capable Romanian politicians on post WWII era presided war atrocities tribunal in Bucharest sentenced to death Antonescu and his clan who later on like other rare good Romanian politicians became victim of his own system ending up being executed at Jilava Prison.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC1ThlPjlWQ&noredirect=1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y234mHmBAHs
Sgt.Tamara Mejidurskaya , Soviet partizan executed by Romanian occupants of Odessa in 1942 for having participated on the blow up of their Hdq.
Vernie , RAAF Navigator on AVM Stevenson's crew , UK Commission Bucharet who assisted my research
Those who dreamt of Stalingrad and woke up in Berlin begging Ivan & Yanks for peace and bread
Soviet troops near Targu Frumos 1944 and 2015 same scenario same junk
Because of those Nazis and Stalinists psycho maniacs more than 180 Million souls were killed murdered and died in WWII
It's a fact, some of them started their political careers in public jails, once a terrorist, always a terrorist
Stalin Okhrana Jail Dej Doftana Jail Dej Doftana Hitler Landsberg Jail Il Duce Roma Antonescu & Mihai
The forgotten Hitler's Ally .
Однажды цыган – всегда цыган! Забытый гитлеровский союзник.
was a simple soccer game, Bucharest 1941 Tram with postal drop box Bucharest 1939
Notorious history of the Romanian side switching strategy 1941 – 2015
Together Forever / Forever Together
Forever Together
Can you believe that ? All it took was a Stalingrad lesson to change sides and habbits for a while
Romania = Complicity only second to Nazis
If you share my Blog's opinions , speak up your mind . The Net site "Jewish Crimes against Romanians in 1940 " was created and the facts are the fabrication of the same Neo Nazi and ill Romanian minds from WWII Romanian Army Forum whoby the way also harassing this Blog and the other Hungarian Blog since creation .
Gentlemen, history repeats,Romania's free fall !
My school time in Bucharest 13 years after war's end ,Fascists were long gone,Communism was midst of golden era one may imagine Romania has changed , though was a misleading picture . The society didn't really change the same old past story ,hidden antisemitism ,ethnic conflicts still at large in a form or another, something always characterised this Nation then and now . How could the US, EU and NATO forget their role into the WWII, their Fascist and Nazist past and damages they caused to NATO in Bruxelles and Paris by their infiltrated spies in the 70's
Fair treatment of US & Brit POW's in Romania is a Romanian fairy tale which doesn't fit on history books , it doesn't improve the overall picture of the Romanian Army war crimes committed on the occupied territories , the millions of people killed in Moldova, Bessarabia, Transnistria, Ukraine ,Crimea and rest of USSR later on in Hungaria. The majority of the people sympathise on surface with US, EEC which helpped them out of their economical collapse,though in reality Antisemitism ,Antonescu's, Hitler nostalgies and Neo Nazism gained again a foot hold in Romania of 2015.
Take a look at the shots below and for a few minutes remember the terrible past of WWII. Each leader below in a way or another betrayed his people, each lied their own Nation each made profit out millions killed , two of them won Pobeda order in their role in defeating Hitler , though each was a traitor of his country and a tyran.
Romanians Dictonary in 2015
ZIGANI = GIPSIES = ROMANIANS ( nick from abroad )
ROMANI GANAV = ROMANIAN THIEF ( Israeli nick for Romanians )
Radu Mazare, Mayor of Constanza 2012 Nazi sympathiser
( spare time occupation )
Here are they again just slightly trimmedin US make ups 75 years later
The rise of Antonescu's Empire
Reference Material
Col. Dr. Petre Otu – Romanian Armed Forces Historical Research Center ,Prof.Mihail Ionescu Military Historical Research Romania, Bundes Archives, Baden Wuertnberg Archives, Foreign Office Archives, FSB Archives, CIA Archives , NARA Archives , "Michael King of Romania " by Ivor Porter , "Operation Autonomous " by Ivor Porter , "Hitlers' Forgotten Ally " by Dennis Deletant , " Romanian SSI & OSS Files " by Frank Wisner , "Operation Ranji " , " From Hitler's Doorsteep " by Neal H Petersen, " OSS" by Richard Harris Smith , "Operatives, Spies Saboteurs " by P.O'Donnell, "Stalin the Red Tzar " by S.Montifiore , "The Secret File of J.Stalin " by R.Brackmann, " Sharing Secrets with Stalin " by B.Smith, "Passage to Valhalla " Vol II ,by Bill Filli "The Princess & I " R.Britt , "DLM und Lufwaffe Mission Bucharest 1941-1944″ by Gen.Gerstenberg , Tzeniha Yveret " by Amos Etinger ,Survivig Holocaust in Romania " by I.Butnaru " The Black Sunday" by Mike Hill , Russian State Archive OBD , 3 Fold Archives ,Das Archiv der Deutsche Luftwaffe/ Personen, Freiburg i.Breisgau , NARA , Yad Vah Shem Archives, Steven Spielberg Archives , over 277 US, UK and Soviet airmen ex Romania POW's interviewed by me ,and 78 other books and many sources from Romania, Germany, UK and US.CHAPTER- I Hitler talks, Romanians walk .
Vasile & Gheorghe Romanian Stukistis ? No way, just a Luftwaffe error even H.U.Rudel laughed about !
JU-87 Escadrila de Picaj would become the bigest hunt of the Soviet fighters during both Iasi-Chisinau campaigns near Vulturul, Podul Iloei , Valea Lupului and Falesti in 1944 as god's payback for what the Romanian did in 1941 exactly there , 78 out of total of 142 JU-87's shot down by the Soviets would be Romanian.These were the planes used by the Romanestis to attack civilians & Red Army in occupied Russia in 1941-1944
Undoubtedly and prior WWII Romania's military Industrial might may have had his good moments here and there you could find old and bold pilots, though in WWII this Royal Romanian flying circus was less efficient than other Axis air powers which retreated first from Stalingrad , not even the Italian and Spanish squadrons evacuated Stalingrad at the pace of our friends from Bucharest .
The red tyrans 1937 ,from left to right except the greatest Russian traitor Koba, Kalinin, Molotov,the Tyrans Voroschilov,Kaganovitch, Yezov , Migokyan
Complicity only second to Nazis
What the Romanians said in the past and present is very hard to distinguish between reality and fiction ( Lt.Cdr Frank Wissner ) Strategic Studies of an OSS Operative, Romania 1944-1945. The Romanians willingly not recognizing their World War II genocidal actions against Ethnics,Jews,Russians,Hungarians been cited by various institutions overseas for a call of apology and the urging of the Romanian government to take constructive measures such as engaging in Holocaust education and constructing memorials.
Typically unpublicized, next to the Nazis Romania was responsible for the deaths of more Jews during the Holocaust than any other German-allied country. During World War II, the Nazi-allied Romanian government was complicit in the murder of approximately 400,000 Jews, both on Romanian soil and in villages and forests throughout Ukraine and Moldova and at least 150'000 Russian citizens in Crimea and Stalingrad.
As late as 2003, the leftist government in Bucharest ,denied a Holocaust had taken place on its territory, prompting a diplomatic row with Israel and forcing the creation of an international commission of experts to study the EU candidate's Nazi past.The commission revealed that up to 380,000 Romanian and Ukrainian Jews were killed by Romanian civilian and military authorities. Many were slaughtered in pogroms, murdered in forced labor camps or death trains. Another 135,000 Jews living in the Transylvania and 11,000 Roma were killed. Romania, led by pro-Nazi Marshal Ion Antonescu became an ally of Germany in 1940 when it turned into Adolf Hitler's main operational base in southeastern Europe.
But it switched sides shortly before the end of World War II when it became clear the Third Reich's days were numbered. The commission compiled undeniable evidence that implicated Romanian culpability in the systematic murder of Jews. It also found that Romania bore responsibility for the deaths of more Jews than any other German allied country other than Germany herself.
At lest 80'000 Red Army officers and soldiers have died due bad treatment in the Romanian Camps at Tiraspol, Slobozia, Galati, Fierbinti, Cracunesti, Budesti, Calafat, Constanza, Vulcanesti,Corbeni,Feldioara,Vaslui,Maia, Thigina,Bolgrad, Independenza , further more 12'000 Russian POW's died after the war due to poor conditions in the Romanian POW camps. Over 18'000 Russian citizen including partizans were executed by the Romanian Army between 1941 -1944 in Crimea, Ukraine, Stalingrad ,Moldova and Bessarbia. Gavril Olteanu was a leader of a paramilitary group, part of the Maniu Guards during WWII which became notorious for the killing over 4000 of ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania. On 26 September 1944, members of the paramilitary Maniu Guard led by Gavril Olteanu massacred a number of Hungarian civilians in Aita Seacă village, Sândominic, Huedin, Aghireş, and other localities around Transylvania.
At the request of Soviet representatives on behalf of the Allied Commision in Bucharest led by Lt.Gen.Susaykov and Brig.Gen Vinogradov , the Romanian authorities disbanded the Maniu Guard, arrested Gavril Olteanu, and sentenced him to imprisonment.He died in the prison at Auid in 1950 Disputed are the "what ifs " Romania would have fought Stalin rather allow the occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina in 194o by the Red Army which just emerged glorious from Khalkin Ghol conflict. Romania was a weak and torn apart Nation , with a King about to abdicate and no real leadership on any of the political arenas, that's why it happened how it happened then . The Romanians of today suffer of selective amnesia and fabricating propaganda lies about Fascism and Nazism when it comes to Romanian Army crimes against Jewish popuplation of Rumania , Ukraine and the occupied Russia between 1941-1944.
The Romanian " Intellectuals " of 1942.
I am firmly convinced that Romanian Army capitulation while turning their weapons against their old friends , was simply an act of lacking choices whatsoever rather than remorse for their war atrocities nor as a sign of solidarity with the Allies which they hated. Brain washed and manipulated again by their old commanders and Army echelons such as the war criminal and convinced Nazi Avramescu the Romanian soldiers joined the Allies to fight against their old brother in arms in Czechoslovakia and Hungaria. Romanian Army was far from motivated and the trust in the new venture was on both sides equally low . During the Hungarian campaigns realising that Avramescu played mickey mouse with them , they got the bastard secretly shot . Worth to mention however Tudor Vladimirescu Division and those Romanians who fought against Nazis in Hungaria and Czechoslovakia and put their lives on the line towards final victory against Hitler eventhough I am not convinced their actions can be accounted to personal believes rather as a last choice to evade Soviet military detentions camps Siberia. Why? very simple , because Romanians always hated Russians .
" Return to Innocence" pictorial review of Romanian WWII selective Amnesia
More than half Million people were murdered and died due to the Fascist & Nazist Romanian Army activities in WWII , their graves are spread across all over Eastern Europe and yet the Romanians were not brought to Nuerenberg like war tribunals for their WWII role, the war crimes they commited and the mess they created with the Germans in Europe . Because our Georgian friend Stalin wanted so. It's totally foolish to believe that they have changed since then.
Romanians SS & SD Volunteer Corps 1941-1944
Those who don't believe it watch this Youtube footage
The Romanian War Criminal and Doctor " Death " Fritz Klein
Above : Romanian"Volksdeutsche " Fritz Klein , Auschwitz Death Doctor
Above photos : Romanian beast and SS Death Doctor Victor Capesius who escaped punishment
After the start of WWII in 1939, Capesius joined the Romanian army and rose to the rank of captain while serving at a military hospital's pharmacy. As an ethnic German, Capesius moved to the Waffen-SS after Romania joined the Axis powers in 1940.After training at the SS-Zentrale Sanitäranlage (Central Sanitary Facility) in Warsaw, he was sent to Dachau Concentration Camp in September 1943; he worked there until his subsequent transfer to Auschwitz Concentration Camp in February 1944. In Auschwitz, he acted as the attending KZ-Apotheker (pharmacist) until the camp was evacuated in January 1945. Capesius worked closely with Josef Mengele and together they were heavily involved in the selection of inmates for the gas chamber . In Auschwitz, he had risen to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer, in November 1944, and was in charge and control of the chemicals used in the extermination of the Jews, such as phenol and Zyklon B. This, it should be noted, was during the mass murder of almost 400,000 Hungarian Jews.
About 12,000 Romanians wore the uniform of Waffen SS, having the (Romanian) tricolour on their sleeve.
A Romanian division kept up under the leadership of the celebrated Otto Skorzeny, fought until the last moment against Soviet troops, agreeing that they should surrender only to the special commandos of the Allied forces formed by Romanians. In the time of the greatest worldwide conflagrations, a large number of Romanian citizens, of Romanian or German nationality fought as volunteers in other armies, in the forefront of the Wehrmacht and in the Red Army.
From its beginning, the SS was a paramilitary formation organised in sections, companies, squadrons and regiments. Subsequently, alongside these formations, were created Waffen SS units. Within these units Romanian citizens, Romanians as well as ethnic Germans, who enlisted voluntarily, also participated. Until the summer of the year 1944, with the exception of the Saxons, Romanians did not serve in Germany military units but actively participated and orchestrated atrocities against ethnics in Romanian and Soviet POW's in Romania and Russian occupied territory .
About 75,000 Romanian Saxons wore German uniform After the occupation of Yugoslavia and the transfer of Serbian Banat to German administration, the leaders of the German communities suggested that volunteers within Banat could be more easily persuaded to enlist should an SS unit be created especially for them. Thus the 7th Prinz Eugen Mountain Division was founded in Romania.
The commander of this division at the beginning was but Artur Phleps, previously general in the Romanian army, who subsequently became commander of the SS Mountain Corps. As a consequence of the heavy losses suffered by the Germans, on 13 April 1943 Antonescu finally agreed that members of the German community could enlist in the German armed forces. Up until the end of 1943, more than 60,000 German youths enlisted in Waffen SS units and approximately 15,000 in the Wehrmacht and the Organization Todt.
No not gipsies neither gays , just some Nazi Romanians
The " brave WWII Romanestis " women, childrens & civil population murderers
The Ukrainian city of Odessa was subjected to German aerial bombing on the very first day of the Axis invasion in Jun 1941. On 8 Aug 1941, the Romanian General Staff issued Directive No. 31 calling for the capture of Odessa and the defeat of Soviet forces between the Dniester River and the Tiligulskiy Estuary. Surrounded on three sides, it was originally thought by the Axis leadership that Odessa would fall quickly, but the Soviet Black Sea Fleet was able to transport reinforcements and supplies into the city, preventing the city from being truly enveloped and blunting the first offensive.
The second Axis offensive began on 16 Aug, seeing initial success in the first few days, but by 24 Aug, heavy casualties forced the attacks to pause for a few days. On 15 Sep, Soviet troops began to fall back to the southeast toward the city, and on the following day Romanian troops captured the heights northwest of the Gross-Liebenthal district of Odessa. In early Oct 1941 , Soviet leadership in Moscow had decided to evacuate Odessa and instead deploy its defenders to protect other areas of the Soviet Union.
Through the first two weeks of Oct 1941, the Black Sea Fleet evacuated 121,000 troops and civilians, 1,000 trucks, and 20,000 tons of ammunition; meanwhile, anything that could not be evacuated was sabotaged by the Soviets to prevent Axis use. The evacuation was complete in the evening of 15 Oct, and on the following day Romanian troops entered the city. In the battle for Odessa, the Romanians suffered 17,729 killed, 63,345 wounded, and 11,471 missing. The Soviets suffered 16,578 killed and missing and 24,690 wounded. To Soviets continue to attack Romania from Sevastopol till end of October 1941 and again in 1943 from Krasnodar. In 1944 the German Lufwaffe bases in Crimea suffered massive attacks by the Soviets and they started to redeploy the units to Romania.
Watch my Youtube presentations and listen to Red Army Coir melodies Katiusha,Moscow in May and Vasya Vasyliok original 1942 ….these were the people the Krauts and Romanians thought to beat !
Odessa was to be occupied by German and Romanian forces until April 1944. During the occupation, approximately 280,000 citizens, mostly Jews, were massacred and deported while the Romanians carried out most of the genocides with a pretext or an other, in fact all well coreographed lies of Antonescu's subordinates.
After liberation, Odessa was among the first four of Russian cities to receive the honor Hero City in 1945. On June 13,1946 Marshall Jukov was repimanded by Staling and appointed as Odessa District Commander . Odessa along with Sevastopol , Kerch ,Leningrad and Stalingrad remained one of the most glorious cities during the WWII and many movies were produced in rememberance of her heros.Beneath one of such movies. Unfortunately unlike Sevastopol and Crimea , Odessa is still under Ukrainian jurisdiction and run by a newly appointed Georgian Governer .
Romanians entering Odessa October 1941 , first time and last time
………. for 95'000 of them certainly their last station in life.
Odessa Romanian Army Hdq.explosion Oct.22,1941
Antonescu's antisemitic war crimes conspiracy, a faked Romanian story
Blaming the Jews for a bomb which detonated in their Hdq.on Oct.22,1941 eventhough Romanian SSI clearly knew that there was no Jewish involvement on it ,the Romanian troops began reprisals the same evening. By noon of the October 23, 1941 5,000 civilians had been seized and shot, most of them Jews. On the morning of October 23, over 19,000 Jews were assembled in nine gunpowder warehouses at the port, and summarily shot, after which the warehouses were set on fire. Some of the prisoners were burned alive. In fact the detonation at that Rumanian Hdq. had absolutely nothing to do with the Jews !
Those silly Romanians elected their Hdq. exactly on the previous NKVD State Security building of the Soviets ignoring heds up froma Ukrainian woman who told them that her son worked before in team setting explosives on building's bassement. While retreating from Odessa , the Red Army has left on the bulding's base well hidden charges , a method practiced by Soviets elsewhere in major cities upon their retreat. Romanian Army didn't bother to thorougly search the building while taking possesion.
Then their training must have been substantially inferior to this of the opponent ,naively believing the enemy would leave them a highly classified State Security building as gift . These charges were activated through radio signals as the testemony of the Romanian officer who survived the explosion describes. According the secret files of the Romanian Army , Marshal Antonescu ordered the Odessa Jews had to be held accountable for the death of the Romanians killed at the Hdq. because according to him Russia was in Jewish hands at that time and Jews masterminded the detonation ! Antonescu's orders clearly stated : for every dead Romanian officer 200 Jews, for every NCO 100 Jews and for every soldier 50 Jews to be executed ,in total Antonescu figured out exactly 22'500 Jews to be executed. That afternoon, over 20,000 were led out of the city in a long column in the direction of the village of Dalnik. When they reached Dalnik, they were tied together in groups of 40-50 people, thrown into an anti-tank trenches and shot other put together in a storage house and burned alive . So why the dumn Romanian fabricated the story with the Jews ? Because they were Romanians who always hated Jews ethnics were chauvinists ,perverts and uncultured peasants .
So whose fault was it then if not the Jews ?
The group leader was NKVD/NKGB Capt. Alexander Molodtzov (allias Paul Badaev ) born June 5, 1911 in Sasovo, now in the Ryazan region in a Ortodox rail worker family a pure Russian. A member of the CPSU since 1931. With 18 years of age he started his career as as a mechanic. In October 1930, while with the Komsomol came to work on the mine at Bobrik-Don Moscow coal basin, where he worked for about four years. In 1934 he graduated from Technical School at the Moscow Engineering-Economic Institute. Sofar it doesn't sound Jewish at all does it ? In July 1941, he headed of one of the divisions of political intelligence of NKVD branch at Odessa
The rubbles of the Romanian Army Hdq ,Odessa 1941
Vladimir Molodtsov was then appointed the head of operational intel and sabotage group special ops. When the Soviet troops evacuated Odessa on October 1941 he was left behind along with a selected team to plot and conduct sabotage and intelligence activities behind enemy lines. By the way Moldtzov worked in the NKVD building before the war (Romanian Hdqq ) and he knew every spot in there. A week before this incident a similar one occurred at the German Army HDQ in Kiev . Were the Romanians so stupid or so badly trained to ignore this ? On September 12 the agent Paul Badaev (Molodtzov) reported to Moscow NKVD Center which reached Berya's desk that the cell was by then fully operational. From a Romanian officer captured during the siege of Odessa on August '41 , they received info that Romanian Army will place their HDQ at the former NKVD Building at Marazlievskuyu street
The explosives charges were hidden on the NKVD Building by end of August '41 and spare remote radio controlled detonators were given to Captain 1st Rank I.Petrov Odessa Naval Commander and Colonel Hrenov and Kedrinskov chiefs of Odessa Engineers Corps .The "well trained "stupid Romanian Army staff ! Berya has personally approved the action which was transmitted to Mejidurskaya for Molotzov through an encrypted radio message received by the insurgents underground catacombes Hdq. Sofar no one of the team members were Jews or as Jew as Antonescu, while Berya was anything but a Jew. So dumn Romanestis what's the story with the Jews ? The on site observation teams consisting of two NKVD agents were instructed by radio to leave the area 30 minutes prior the detonation signal which was set for 18:00 hrs on October 22, 1941 . 3rd photo below depicting Mejidurskaya, Molodtzov and an unknown woman all prisoners at Siguranta Jail Odessa in Feb or March 1942 ( note their body language ) . I sincerely admire their sacrifice and courrage only few nations can compare themself to these Russians. 6th photo from left, are Ploesti originating derailed German tank cars by Molodzov's team sometime on November 1941. An other German passenger and cargo train was derailed by him and his team near Ratzdelnaya (Odessa) on December 1941.
Above : Moldtzov, Mejidurkskaya, Gorydiennko out of 15 Odessa partizans to be executed on July 1942 by the Romanian Army. Note the US manufactured car which was used by the higher echelons of the Romanestis Army prior and during WWII.Note the execution of Red Army personnel in uniforms .A.F.Hrenov . CO Odessa Engineers Corps Activities against the Romanian occupiers began October 16, 1941. The Romanian troops were not aware that already in August 1941 preparations were taken by NKVD to mine various installation in Odessa and actived the charges through radio controlled devices . On October 22, 1941 the group of Molodtzov carefully planned and blew up the Romanian Hdq of General Ion Gologojeanu . More than 67 Romanian officers and a duzin of Germans were found their death under the rubble of the house. On February 9,1942 Molotzov was captured by Siguranta (SSI) near Odessa which was tipped by an NKVD traitor informer named Fedorovitch who was under treason suspicion already 20 years before this act during the Chekist era. Along with Molotzov also classified NKVD documents was captured by Siguranta. On their reports to SSI Bucharest, SSI Odessa wrote that Molotzov was a bright , highly skilled and well trained leader who led the operation against the Romanian HDQ of Gen.Gologojeanu in October 1941.
The Romanian military tribunal show trial of Molotzov and his team which lasted till May 29,1942 ended with a death sentence on June 26,1942 for Capt.Molotzov, Sgt.Tamara Mejidurskaya, T.G.Shestakov, Y.Y.Gordinenko,G.N.Shilin , P.I.Millan,S.M.Valkov,N.E.Mazitschenko,P.G.Shevtschenko,M.V Shlliatov,I.E.Bunyakov, P.I.Prodasko ,P.I.Bolonin, none of them were Jewish but pure Ortodox Russians ! Like always the Romanian crooks fabricated also this story and like always the Jews paid with their blood for something they should have done and didn't do it.
When recommended to write a mercy letter to the King of Romania which may have spared his life ( I really doubt such outcome with Mihai) , Molotzov refused and replied " We are in our own land and we are not going to ask the enemy who occupied this land for any pardon on our doings ". On July 12 1942 Molotzov and Tamara Mejidurskaya along with 12 other insurgents and Red Army personnel were marched from Odessa's main prison to the Jewish Cemetery of Odessa eventhough none of them were Jewish , executed and buried on a mass grave . On November 5,1944 Molotzov was awarded for his leadership and bravery the title of Hero of USSR and Mejidurskaya the Red Banner order. May these brave men and women courrage and memories be blessed forever and may the Romanestis rotten in hell for what they did in Odessa, Saki, Nikolaev Sevastopol, Kerch,Stalingrad and USSR in 1941 – 1944.The Hdq Gologojeanu Repressions against Jews overfloated Odessa
Here is the testimony of the single survivor of the Romanian Army massacre of Odessa dated October 23, 1941 a footage produced by the Romanian Television network.
Between 1941 and 1944, German and Romanian authorities murdered or caused the deaths of between 150,000 and 250,000 Romanian and Ukrainian Jews in Transnistria. At least 270,000 Romanian Jews were killed or died from mistreatment but it is important to mention that Jews were not the only minorities targeted by Romanians gipsies were also affected by the Holocaust, with twenty six thousand deported, around seven thousand massacred, and another three thousand were starved to death.
Antonescu and several other officials of the Romanian wartime regime were tried in 1945. Four of the accused were executed in Romania: Ion Antonescu, Mihai Antonescu, C. Z. Vasiliu, and Gheorghe Alexianu. In dozens of cases civil servants and high-ranking officers had death sentences commuted. However, most Romanian perpetrators were never brought to justice.
Thanks Stalin's wrong assesments about Romania , many of their grand fathers got away with their WWII war crimes hidding under the communist regime in the post WWII era , thus escaping capital punishments in contrary to their brother in arms who ended up on front of war tribunals.
Iron Crosses awarded to Romanians"innocence " in WWII
Take a good look at these disgussing Romanian Generals of WWII , though make sure you are not about to have a meal coze otherwise you would vomit . The bastards were responssible for half million deaths in Eastern Europe most of which were Russians, Jews, Hungarians and ethnics etc. Most of the them were hidding later on under the communist regime of Romania escaping war crimes tribunals and capital punishments. Romania of 2015 is proud of them now !
One out of few Romanian criminals punished in the post WWII era ( Air Force General Gherghiu ) Stalingrad crimes
The genuine and the the few innocent Romanians
And those Romanians who rode to hell
In 1942 when million other were murdered in the concentration camps, this what the above Romanians were doing , the former mountain trooper and now pilot A.Serbanescu (middle) along with a JG 3 pilot who seems to have loved the Germans until his very last moment . He was sent in hell by the 15th Air Force Forts gunners in 1944 . The last photo on the right showing the Romanian Army personnel enjoing an afternoon walk on Odessa's main street in June 1943. Unlike this mountain trooper Serbanescu whose Eastern campaign aerials are still doubtful , the top Romanian scoring ace Prince Captain "Bazu" Cantacuzino did not sympathise with the Germans, later on while in Spain regreted the loss of lives in Soviet Union.
SS "Death Doctors" along with their Romanian friends at Odessa planning mass murders.
Mickey Mouse & Donald Duck 1941 Women Emanicipation training Eastern Front 1941
A private PR campaign in the occupied Odessa of a Romanian nut flyer along with a bunch of "railway clerks " luckily dressed as pilots in 1943.
Right : Romanian extermination camps map throughout Bessarbia, Bucovina, Transnistria and Ukraine at the same period she was conducting PR at Odessa.
While the Romanestis during the entire war mistreated the Soviet airmen POW's , that's the treatment the Romanestis got from the Russians in early 1941
( Photo : " From Barbarossa to Odesss, Bernard /Karlenko )
Romania Soviet POW Camps CO's: COL.V. Chazanovitch & Batl.Comms. A.Randyn
Mid : Lt.Col.Litton at Vicenzo Airfield 1944 Right : Two WWII Heros, Lt.Col.Jim Gunn and Capt. "Bazu" Cantacuzino, Foggia Aug 26,1944
Cemeteries of Soviet POW's who died in the Romanian camps between 1941-1944 , spread across Romania. 1st photo from left the remains of Budesti,military hospital compound as it looks today
SOVIET POWs CAMPS ROMANIA ALLIED AIRMEN POW's CAMPS ROMANIA
Use Dates
Camp Nr.
Prisoners Camp Location IRON GRD BARRACKS Apr -May 1944 Boucharest Off & NCO's
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
Slobozia- Ialomnita SCHOOL HOUSE May -Aug 1944 Boucharest Off & NCO's Lagarul 13
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
Slobozia- Ialomnita TIMISUL DE SUS Aug '43 – Aug. 1944 Timisul Officers
Лагерь №
Slobozia- Ialomnita TIMISUL DE JOS Aug '43 – Aug 1944 Timisul NCO's
Лагерь №
Feldioara -Brasov Queen Hellena Hospital April-Aug. 1944 Bucharest Off. & NCO's
1941 – 1944
Лагерь №
Feldioara –Brasov Sinaia Military Hospital Aug 1,1943 – January 1944 Off. & NCO's
Лагерь №
Indpendenta " Galati " Constanza Naval Hospital 1941-1944 Constanza Soviet Off. & NCO's
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
Indpendenta " Galati "
Лагерь №
Indpendet " Galati "
1942 – 1943
Лагерь №
Indpendet " Galati "
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
1941 – 1944
Лагерь №
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
Dornesti (Calafat)
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
Dornesti (Calafat)
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
Balti (Budesti)
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
Balti (Budesti)
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
1941 – 1942
Лагерь №
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
Лагерь №
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
Лагерь №
Tiraspol – Bessarabia also Hospital
1941 – 1943
Лагерь №
Tiraspol – Bessarabia
1941 –
Лагерь №
1941 –
Dulag 202 Budesti also Hospital
1941 –
Лагерь №
1941 -1943
Лагерь №
Лагерь №
1941 –
Ferbinti mainly Soviet officers
1941 –
1941 –
Take a look at the gruesome images of the Germans and their Romanian friends atrocities in Ukraine
The disturbing photos above showing what the Romanians and Germans war criminals have caused in Russia and on their one way adventure trip to hell ,photos of German Army Einsatz Gruppe Ost are also associated to Romanian Army involvement on the specific front segement . On how stupid these Romanians and their German friends must have been to believe that they would be better off than Napoleon able to conquere the largerst country in the world .
The Treatment of Soviet POWs: Starvation, Disease, and Shootings, June 1941- January 1942
From the very beginning, German policy on the treatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) was determined by Nazi ideology which was adopted and folowed by the Romanians . German political and military leaders regarded Soviet POWs not only as racially less valuable but as potential enemies, obstacles in the German conquest of 'living space." The Nazi regime claimed that it was under no obligation for the humane care of prisoners of war from the Red Army because the Soviet Union had not ratified the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War, nor had it specifically declared its commitment to the 1907 Hague Convention on the Rules of War. Technically both nations, therefore, were bound only by the general international law of war as it had developed in modern times. Yet even under that law, prisoners of war were to be protected.
Soviet prisoners of war were the first victims of the Nazi policy of mass starvation in the east. In August 1941, the Romania army set a ration of just 2,800 calories per day for working Soviet prisoners of war. Even this was not enough to sustain life for long, but in practice the POWs received much less than the official ration. Many Soviet prisoners of war received at most a ration of only 900 calories a day. Within a few weeks the result of this "subsistence" ration, as the Romanian army termed it, was death by malnutrition. The POWs were often provided, for example, only special "Russian" bread made from sugar beet husks and straw flour. Suffering from malnutrition and nearing starvation, numerous reports from the late summer and fall of 1941 show that in many camps in Romania the desperate POWs tried to ease their hunger by eating grass and leaves.
The Romanians made little provision to shelter most of the prisoners they took from the Soviet military. Eventually the Germans & Romanians established makeshift camps but the lack of proper food, clothing, and shelter took a terrible toll. Often the prisoners had to dig holes in the ground as improvised shelter from the elements. By the end of 1941, epidemics (especially typhoid and dysentery) emerged as the main cause of death throughout the Romanian camps. By December 1941 alone, almost 400 Soviet POWs died each day. The onset of winter accelerated the mass death of Soviet POWs, because so many had little or no protection from the cold. Even in POW camps in Romania, Soviet POWs had often been left for months to vegetate in sod houses. By the winter of 1941, starvation and disease resulted in mass death of unimaginable proportions. The officers POW's were treated slightly better and were accomodated on barracks.
Many Soviet soldiers, including many wounded, died on the way to the prisoner collection centers and transit camps at Dulag 202 Budesti mainly enroute from Crimea; Most of the prisoners captured in 1941 had to march to the rear across duzin of miles and those who were too exhausted to continue were shot When Soviet POWs were transported by Romanian trains, the Armed Forces High Command permitted only open freight cars to be used. Sometimes days went by without the prisoners receiving any rations on their ways from Sevastopol and Kerch . This resulted in an enormous loss of life during winter months. Reference is being made to the POW's from Sevastopol, Kerch, Odessa, Nikolayev etc.
Hitler expected a quick conclussion of his Barbarossa campaign . In this regard he and his military planners were caught in their own ethnic and racial stereotypes and arrogance. They thought of Slavs as stupid and incompetent and believed that the Communist Soviet Union was in the grip of Jews ( information partially supplied by NKVD officers POW's) , whom they regarded as cowardly and perfidious. Such attitudes caused the German leaders to make some severe miscalculations. Initial German military successes were indeed gigantic; German units reached the outskirts of Moscow by early December 1941. Hitler and his Hdq. had anticipated quick victory, another lightning war ending with German victory. But the German invasion did not turn out as planned and the German army was exhausted after months of campaigning.
The Soviets were better equipped and ready to endure more than the German planners forecasted while the Germans themselves were overextended and had not thought it necessary to prepare the army for winter. Moreover, the speedy German advance had caused the forces to outrun their supply lines, which were vulnerable due to the great distances involved (Moscow is almost 1,000 miles east of Berlin). In December 1941, the Soviet Union launched a major counter offensive against the center of the front, driving the Germans back from Moscow blockade in chaos. Only weeks later were the Germans able to stabilize the front east of Smolensk, but it was clear to everybody, even Hitler, that the war would last much longer than they had anticipated eventually turn into a complete mess.
By January 1942, Hitler authorized better treatment of Soviet (POWs) affecting also those quarterred in Romania because the war had bogged down and German authorities decided Soviet POWs were a useful source of labour. The labor shortage in the German occupied Eastern Europe war economy was reaching critical margins. They provided Soviet POWs with slightly better rations — though they were still far short of the rations allotted to the Allied POW's and to the German civilian population. As a result, the enormous death rate among the Soviet POWs was contained, but until the end of the war it was still much higher than that among the other POWs.
In 1943 and 1944, however, the death rates soared again due to starvation and diseases throught the Romanian camps. Soviet POWs were involved in heavy labor: building roads, in coal mining, agriculture, and construction. The change in policy towards soviet POWs underscores the commitment of the Nazi regime to the killing of Jews. By Early 1943 Hermann Goering ordered that all Soviet airmen POW be separated from the main Soviet POW body and all be kept captive at Stalag Luft II and VI Litzmannstadt Poland and Koenigsberg, Lithuania . The idea behind this strategy was to enable the German Intel AbW/StO to better interrogate the airmen thus allowing the Luftwaffe to recruit traitors for Vlasow's Army which was gaining momentum at that time.
After the war, the suffering of Soviet POWs who survived German captivity did not end. While they were liberated from Nazi camps, Soviet authorities often accused its POWs of collaboration with the Nazis. After their repatriation, many of them faced interrogation and trial before Soviet authorities. In most cases they were convicted of collaboration and sentenced to confinement in a Soviet forced-labor camp same convincted to death .
Maj.Pugatchev's last battle
The Last Battle of Major Pugatchev is one of the best war movies I ever saw .Very reallistic movie the soundtrack was composed by Elena Kamburova which is a great composer. Its about the escape's story of Maj.Pugatchev from one of the Nazi POW camps near Poland possibly involving 1st or 2nd Ukrainian fronts POW's. When refused to join General Vlasow's Army their barracks were set on fire , escaping a sure death they finally rejoined own troops The rest is about their saga and suffer while tortured by NKVD ,the deportation to a Stalinist camp in Siberia.
Watch this outstanding Russian Movie online. Knowledge of Russian language may be required.
The above shots were taken during the 1941 Iasi pogroms, the death trains Iasi – Podul Iloei -Targul Frumos , at Balti Cernauti and Chisinau massacres . Note the Jewish Romanian Army NCO's would be murdered too. Irronically, 3 years later ,on the same perimeter thousand of Romanian and German soldiers will meet the fate of the Jews, and other several thousand would never return again from the Siberian camps . Both Armies will never be able to mount an offensive in the East again and in a Kursk like disaster they would be totally smashed. Below a link on the war atrocities of the Romanians at Leova , Moldavia 1941 and 1942.
Romanescu Ziganescu & Co. the Judgement Day !
Live by the sword , die by the sword beaten to hell by Ivan of the "Peasant's Army "
The photos beneath depicting the once proud and glorious Rumanian Army beaten to death in Odessa, Sevastopol, Stalingrad ,Kerch ,Kursk,Belgorod and Iasi-Chisinau campaigns etc marching like dogs to Soviet camps and war cemeteries . Of course the collective guilt is something hard to prove, but when you repeat Napoleon's mistake lose the war, the best can happen is to still be alive. Nice of the Sovietsky Commrades for letting the madogs keep their Romanian peasant's hat to prevent Siberian brain freezing effect .
Here are they again the victorious Romanians & their companions , courtesy Red Army
Russian Partisans engagements near Romanian fronts
Murder of General Vatutin by Ukrainean & Romanian insurgents , Ukraine 1943
Marching in hell together , Ion & Fritz seen below side by side in a Russian cemetery together with the other"Romanestis " who travelled on a one way ticket to Russia .
August 23,1944 the unforgettable lesson
Those who laugh last laugh best !
The carnage goes on , Hungaria last Eastern European country to capitulate
Operation Spring Awakening
The Germans 6th Panzer Army of Gen.Dietrich Sepp planned to attack against Soviet General Tolbukin 3rd & 4th Ukrainian Fronts was responsible for the primary thrust of the German attack. The army was to advance from an area north of Lake Balaton on a wide front. They were to push east through the Soviet 27th Army and to the Danube River. After reaching the river, one part of the Army would turn north creating a northern spearhead. The northern spearhead would advance through the Soviet 6th Guards Tank Army and move along the Danube River to retake Budapest which had been captured on 13 February 1945. Another part of Sixth SS Panzer Army would then turn south and create a southern spearhead. The southern spearhead would move along the Sio Canal to link up with units from German Group East , which was to thrust north through Mohacs. If successful, the meeting of the southern spearhead and of Army Group E would encircle both the Soviet 26th Army and the Soviet 57th Army.
German 6th Army would keep the Soviet 27th Army engaged while it was surrounded. Likewise, the German Second Panzer Army would advance from an area south of Lake Balaton towards Kaposvar and keep the Soviet 57th Army engaged. The Hungarian Army was to hold the area north of the attack and to the west of Budapest.
By the second half of February Soviet intelligence identified large German tank formations in western Hungary, and soon realized that preparation for a major offensive was underway. Using the experience gained in the Kursk Battle the Soviets built multi-layer anti-tank defense using 65% of available artillery to create 66 anti-tank ambush points over 83 km of front in Lake Balaton area. The depth of the defense zone reached up to 25–30 km. To ensure sufficient supply of war materials and fuel, additional temporary bridges and gas pipelines were built on the Danube River .
The offensive began on 6 March, spearheaded by the German 6th SS German Panzer Army. The spearhead included elite units like Hitler's the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Division. However, due to well-prepared defense and rapid movement of tank reserves by the Soviets, over a period of 10 days and after suffering heavy casualties, German troops only managed to advance 15–40 km.
By 14 March, Operation Spring Awakening was at risk of failure and J.Goebbels wrote in his diary that the offensive would likely fail. The 6th SS Panzer Army advanced well short of its goals. Second Panzer Army did not advance as far on the southern side of Lake Balaton as the 6th SS Panzer Army did on the northern side. Armee Gruppe Ost met fierce resistance from the Bulgarian 1st Army and Tito's partisan Army, and failed to reach its objective of Mohacs.
On 16 March, the Soviets counterattacked in strength. Within 24 hours of the Soviet counterattack, the Germans were driven back to the positions they had held before Operation Spring Awakening began. On 22 March, out-numbered and with few armoured vehicles remaining, the surviving German forces withdrew to prepared positions elsewhere in Hungary. The Soviet counteroffensive continued and these positions were soon overrun.
On 30 March, the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front crossed from Hungary into Austria.
By 4 April, Sepp Ditrich's 6th SS Panzer Army was already in the Vienna area desperately setting up the city's defenses against the anticipated Soviet Vienna Offensive. Already approaching and encircling the Austrian capital city were the Soviet 4th Guards Tank Army, the Soviet 6th Guards Tank Army, the Soviet 9th Guards Army, and the Soviet 46th Army. The Soviet's Vienna's ended with the fall of the city on 13 April. By 15 April, the remnants of the Sixth SS Panzer Army were north of Vienna, facing the Soviet 9th Guards Tank Army and 46th Army.
By 15 April, the remnants of the German 6th Army were north of Graz, facing the Soviet 26th and 27th Armies. The remnants of the German Second Panzer Army were south of Graz in the Maribor area, facing the Soviet 57th Army and the Bulgarian 1st Army. Between 25 April and 4 May, the Second Panzer Army was attacked near Nagykanizsa during the Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive.
Some Hungarian units survived the fall of Budapest and the destruction which followed when the Soviets counterattacked after Operation Spring Awakening. The Hungarian Szent László Infantry Division was still indicated to be attached to the German Second Panzer Army as late as 30 April. Between 16 and 25 March, the Hungarian 3rd Army was destroyed about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Budapest by the Soviet 46th Army which was driving towards Bratislava and the Vienna area.
Operation Spring Awakening was a failure for Germany. Given the timing of the offensive and the relative strength of German forces, the notion of pitting weakened German units, especially some returning from the Battle of the Buldge , against larger Soviet Forces caused the plan to be doomed from the start
The "armband order" was an order issued to the commander of German 6th SS Panzer Army Sepp Dietrich, by Hitler, who claimed that the troops, and, more importantly, the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, "did not fight as the situation demanded. As a mark of disgrace, the Leibstandarte units involved in the battle were ordered to remove their treasured "Adolf Hitler" cuff titles (German: Armband). In the field, Sepp Dietrich was disgusted by Hitler's order and did not relay it to his troops.
Welcome to new Romania
Stalinism & Communism in post WWII Romania for joining Hitler
Bucharest Bulvd.Magheru in 1941-1944 and the same on August 1944
"Fritz" the loser painting "Ivan " the winner . Iasi, August 1944. You wanted Hitler you've got Stalin ,Vishinsky & Dej , that's the price !
Nazism and Communism started from jails in Germany , Russia and Romania
Former enemies Romania and Russia as friends in 50's,Dej & Chrustchov
J.Stalin , G.Dej and Anna Pauker common pasts and future tyrans of Eastern Europe
Gheorgiu Dej the Stalin of Romania Anna Pauker, the Trotzky of Romania
Allied Commission in Bucharest US amateurs conflicting eachother's assignments with similarities to our times confussions , for the good of the Stalinist Romania
Nobody took OSS Lr.Cdr.Frank Wissner serious,but he saw glass clear the unfolding truth about Romania and the errors of his Agency.
The new Soviets are comming or better said welcome to NKVD,NKGB ,GUGB Bucharest
Greetings to Antonescu's ghost from Nikita's ghost , the leader of SSR Party Kiev , Bessarbia, Stalingrad, Botosani,Washington architect of the great Ukrainian starvation on the 30's & the UN shoe banging clown.
Nichita Sergeevitch Hurschtov political ascendance
1940 1944 1962
Other Romanian War Criminals
SS Hauptsturmfuehrer Dr."Death" Aribert Heim ( Mistakenly released by US Army from POW camp, vannished to S.America & Egypt)
Examples of WWII Romanian Apes on display in Bucharest
Victor Capesius Urdarianu Tatarescu Gafencu Upps sorry, Charlie
The end of Ion Antonescu and his rat escus dinasty 1946
Before all these troubles started it seems that Russians, Rumanians and Jews have all lived in peace together , but not for very long. Despite the painful history of Bessarabia and territorial losses sealled in Berlin, by no means this gave the Romanians a year later the right to murder innocent ethnics throughout Romania, Bessarabia and Moldova and hold Jews accountable for their undigested national tragedies and war misery .
Assured by the Pact of Soviet non agression , Germany started World War II one week later by attacking Poland from the west on September 1, 1939. The Soviet Union acted likewise from the East on September 17, and by September 28,Poland capitulated. Romanian Prime-Minister Calinescu , a strong proponent of Poland in its conflict with Germany, was assassinated on September 21 by elements of the Romanian Legion movement with candid NSDAP support. Romania remained formally neutral in the conflict, but aided Poland by providing access to Allied military supplies from the Black Sea to the Polish border, and a route for the Polish government and army to withdraw after the defeat through Romania and Romanian airways.
Polish government also preferred a formally neutral Romania because that ensured the safety from German bombardments of supplies through Romanian territory. On June 2, Germany informed the Romanian government that, in order to receive territorial guarantees, Romania should consider negotiations with the Soviet Union. Between June 14–17, 1940, the Soviet Union gave ultimatum notes to,the 3 Baltic States and when these ultimata were satisfied, used bases thus gained to occupy these States. Vichy France's capitualtion on June 22 and the subsequent Brits retreat from Europe rendered their assurances of any relevant assistance to Romania meaningless.
Soviet preparations
By directives OV/583 and OV/584 of the Soviet People Commissariat of Defense, military units of OMDS (Odessa Military District) were ordered into battle readiness state in the spring of 1940. Soviet troop concentrations along the Romanian border occurred between April 15 and June 10, 1940. In order to coordinate the efforts of Kiev and Odessa military districts in the preparation of hostilities against Romania, the Soviet Army created the Southern Army under general Jukow , composed of the 5th, 9th and 12th Armies. The Southern Front had 32 infantry divisions, 2 motorized infantry divisions, 6 cavalry divisions, 11 tank brigades, 3 NKVD paratrooper brigades, 30 artillery regiments, and smaller auxiliary units of the VVS & VMF ( Air Force & Naval Air Fleet ) primarily air transport units.
Soviet ultimatum
On June 26, 1940, at 22:00, Soviet People's Commissar Molotov presented an ultimatum note to Gheorghe Davidescu, Romanian ambassador to Moscow, in which the Soviet Union demanded the evacuation of the Romanian military and administration from Bessarbia and the northern part of Bucovina . The Soviets stressed their sense of urgency: "Now, that the military weakness of the USSR is a thing of past, and the international situation that was created requires the rapid solution of the items inherited from the past, in order to fix the basis of a solid peace between countries ". The German Minister of Foreign Affairs J.Ribbentrop was informed by the Soviets of their intentions to send an ultimatum to Romania regarding Bessarabia and Bukovina on June 24, 1940. During the diplomatic coordination, Ribbentrop mainly expressed concern for the fate of the ethnic Germans in these two provinces, claiming the number of Volks Deutsche to be 120,000, and suggested the Pruth River as a border in Bukovina. He also pointed out that Germany had strong economical interests in the rest of the Romanian territory.
The events were part of a larger context of a Nazi and Soviet build-up in World War II. The text of the ultimatum note sent to Romania of June 26, 1940 incorrectly stated that Bessarabia was populated mainly by Ukrainians of centuries-old union of Bessarabia, populated mainly by Ukrainians, with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic". The Soviet government demanded the northern part of Bukovina as a "minor reparation for the enormous loss inflicted to the Soviet Union and Bessarabia's population by 22 years of Romanian reign over Bessarabia", and because its " fate is linked mainly with the Soviet Ukraine by the community of its historical fate, and by the community of language and ethnic composition". Northern Bukovina has had some historical connections with Galicia annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939, in the effect of the Polish invasion, in the sense that both were part of Austro – Hungaria from the second part of 18th century until 1918.
Northern Bukovina was inhabited by a compact Ukrainian population that outnumbered Romanians, while Bessarabia was regarded as having a Romanian majority, even though the larger part of the population adopted a "Moldavian" identity. On June 27, during the early hours, Carol II had a meeting with G.Tatarescu and with I.Giurtu the minister for external affairs, after which he invited the ambassadors of both Germany and Italy. Carol reflected his view to stand against USSR and asked that their countries influence Hungaria and Bulgaria in the hope of not declaring war against Romania in order to reclaim Transylvania and Dobrogea stating that it would be "in the name of peace" to accept to Soviet demand, the ambassadors urged the King to stand down. On the same day, the Romanian government replied, suggesting it would agree to "immediate negotiations on a wide range of issues ". A second Soviet ultimatum note, that followed on June 27, put forward a specific time frame, requesting the evacuation of the Romanian government from Bessarabia and northern Bukovina within four days
In the morning of June 28, 1940, insistently advised by both Germany and Italy, the Romanian government, led by Gheorghe Tătărescu, under the semi-authoritarian rule of Carol agreed to submit to the Soviet demands. Without prior notifications or any explanations, the Soviet forces also occupied also the Herta region, part of the Old Romanian Kingdom which was neither part of Bessarabia, nor Bukovina. The decision to accept the Soviet ultimatum and to commence a "withdrawal" (avoiding the usage of the word to cede) from Bessarabia and northern Bukovina was deliberated upon by the Romanian Crown Council during the night of June 27–28, 1940. During the same night, Carol II also convinced A.Vaida Voevod to be sworn in as minister. Vaida, along with all of the above, signed the final Crown Council recommendation, on which Carol II ordered the Army to stand down. It is not clear whether Vaida participated in the deliberations and the vote itself.
Romanian withdrawal
On June 28, at 9:00, communique no. 25 of the General Staff of the Romanian Army officially announced the contents of the ultimatum to the population, its acceptance by the Romanian government, and the intent to evacuate the army and administration to the Pruth River By 14:00, three key cities — Chişinău, Cernăuţi and Cetatea Albă — had to be turned over to the Soviets. The military installations and concrete fortresses built during a 20-year period for the event of a Soviet agression, were relinquished without a fight, the Romanian Army being placed by its command under strict orders not to respond to any provocation. In conjunction with Bessarabia and N.Bucovina takeover by Russians, a night before the arrival of the regular Russian troops , an extra group of 300 NKVD paratroopers were sent from Kiev on TB-3's planes and parachuted at Balti, Chisinau and Cernauti in order to surprise the Romanian troops during the disarmament campaign. Facts are missing, details are needed. Out of a population of 3,776,000 living in the territories occupied by the USSR, of which 2,078,000 (55%) counted as ethnic Romanians 200,000 (of different ethnicities) became refugees and left Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina during the interval June 28 – July 2. Most of the local population, however, unsure of what to expect next, treated the events with uneasy calmness.
Incorporation of the annexed territories into the USSR & NKVD terror and atrocities campaign in Bessarabia and Bucovina in 1940
As Romania agreed to satisfy Soviet territorial demands, the second plan was put into action on in the morning of 28 June. By 30 June, the Red Army reached the border along the Prut river. On 3 July the border was closed completely from the Soviet side. One month after the military occupation, on August 2, 1940, the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was established on the main part of the annexed territory, while smaller portions were given to the Ukrainian SSR, both republics of the USSR. Six Bessarabian counties, and small portions of the other three counties, along with parts of the Moldavian ASSR (formerly part of Ukrainian SSR), which was disbanded on that occasion, formed the Moldavian SSR, which became one of 15 union republics of the USSR.
The Soviet governmental commission headed by Nikita Krushtschev Ukrainian Communist Party leader , allotted Northern Bukovina, Herta region, and larger parts of Hotin, Ismail, Cetatea Albă counties to Ukrainia. During 1940–1941, political persecution of certain categories of locals took the form of arrests, executions and deportations to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. According estimates 33,522 people received a politically motivated sentence, of which 8,360 were sentenced to death, or died during interrogations.
These figures do not include the people shot on the spot who refused to flee in June 1940, for example many of the administration officials. In addition, a large number of people were arrested by NKVD and disappeared. Up to one thousand corpses were discovered after the retreat of the Soviets in 1941 in the cellars, courtyards and wells of the NKVD headquarters in the county centers, including 450 corpses in Chişinau, mostly of priests, university and high school teachers, landowners, businessmen, civil servants and railyway employees,however the produced Romanian figure of the 50'000 killed by NKVD during that period is highly misleading .
Serious incidents occurred in Northern Bukovina, where attempts of the locals to cross the border towards Romania resulted in the Soviet border guards opening fire against unarmed civilians. This resulted in true massacres, most notably at Fântâna AlThe Soviet governmental commission headed by Nikita Krushtschev Ukrainian Communist Party leader , allotted Northern Bukovina, Herta region, and larger parts of Hotin, Ismail, Cetatea Albă counties to Ukrainia.
During 1940–1941, political persecution of certain categories of locals took the form of arrests, executions and deportations to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. According estimates 33,522 people received a politically motivated sentence, of which 8,360 were sentenced to death, or died during interrogations. These figures do not include the people shot on the spot who refused to flee in June 1940, for example many of the administration officials. In addition, a large number of people were arrested by NKVD and disappeared. Up to one thousand corpses were discovered after the retreat of the Soviets in 1941 in the cellars, courtyards and wells of the NKVD headquarters in the county centers, including 450 corpses in Chişinau, mostly of priests, university and high school teachers, landowners, businessmen, civil servants and railyway employees,however the produced Romanian figure of the 50'000 killed by NKVD during that period is highly misleading .
The installation of Soviet administration was also accompanied by major changes in the economical domain, as private enterprise was forbidden and industrial enterprises were expropriated. By instating high quotas of agricultural products that each landowner had to deliver without payment to the state if the land is cultivated, and by frequent requisitions, the Soviets forced many peasants to give up their land and/or to refrain from cultivating parts of it. As a result, the agricultural production became extremely low. An artificial exchange rate of 40 Romanian lei for 1 Soviet ruble was established, which resulted in Soviet soldiers and officials buying out everything from the shops (generally owned by the local Jewish community) at very low prices within the first two months. As no other goods were being brought in the country, the shops emptied and closed, resulting in a disastrous situation for the service sector of the economy.
Political developments in Romania
The territorial concessions of 1940 produced deep sorrow and resentment among Romanians, and hastened the decline in popularity of the regime led by King Carol II of Romania. Three days after the annexation, Romania renounced the 1939 Anglo-French guarantee. A new government of Ion Gigurtu was sworn in on July, 5th, 1940, which withdrew the country from the League of Nations (July 11, 1940), and announced the desire to join the Axis camp (July 13, 1940). A series of measures taken by Romanian Prime Minister Ion Gigurtu, including official persecution of Jews inspired by the German Nuremberg Laws in July and August 1940, failed to sway Germany from awarding Northern Transylvania to Hungary in the Second Vienna Award on August 30, 1940. This led to a near uprising in the country. On September 5, King Carol II proposed to General (later Marshal) Ion Antonescu, the chief of the Army, to form a new government. Antonescu's first act was to force the King to abdicate (for the fourth and last time) and flee Romania.
An alliance government was formed by Ion Antonescu with remnants of the Iron Guard Legionary Movement (partly destroyed in 1938; an anti-Semitic fascist party, and took power on September 6, 1940. Mihai, son of Carol II, succeeded him as King of Romania. The country was declared a National Legionary State. Between October 1940 and June 1941, around 570,000 German troops entered Romania alonh with a strong Luftwaffe presence known as DLM . In November, Antonescu signed the Tripartite (Axis) Pact, tying Romania militarily to Germany, Italy, and Japan. In January 1941, the Legionary Movement attempted a coup which failed eventhough was partially supported by SA in Berlin and placed Antonescu firmly in power with the final approval of Hitler. The authoritarian regime of Antonescu (1940–1944) did not restore political parties and elected democracy; it only co-opted several individual civilians in the government. Overall, the desire to regain the lost territories was the deciding factor leading to the entry of Romania into World War II on the side of the Axis against the USSR.CHAPTER IX
The German & Romanian occupation of Bessarabia , Moldova and USSR
Then the Germans and Romanians decided they represent god and attacked Russia while also occupying Bessarabia, Moldadvia , Transnistria,Bucovina and Crimea in order to push towards Caucas and the rich oil fields . The Romanian history citting figures about the NKVD repressions against the local population which are totally exagerated and by no means even these repressions can be compared to what they did in Russia, neither the Russians murdered the local population at the proportions of the German /Rumanian troops in 1941 nor burned and bombed the largest cities around. That's a fact which speaks for itself. Take a look at the photos below and judge for yourself .
Soviet "secret" weapon ,the obsolete transport of the 20's era Maxim Gorky abandoned at Balti
The " Liberated Cernauti " 1941 ? A tasteless Romanian Nazi joke
NKVD Spies and Saboteurs parachuted in 1941 in Romania.
On the nights of July and August 1941 NKVD trained agents were parachuted into Romanian flown from Kiev on PS-84 and Balti on TB-3 for the purpose of sabotage, all teams were captured by Romanian Jandarmerie and few killed on spot. I don't have names but I am working on additional details.
NKVD Operation "Shoim " May-July 1944
In zona Bacaului a activat o formatiune subversiva numita "Soimul", formata din 11 persoane, antrenate de NKDV la Moscova. Toti erau basarabeni si au fost parasutati in iunie 1944. Misiunea lor era sa dezvolte reteaua de spionaj si diversiune sovietica din zona Moldovei si sa culeaga informatii inaintea ofensivei programate pentru luna august. Grupul s-a ascuns intr-o baza secreta din Bacau si a actionat pe o raza de 150 kilometri in jurul orasului. Seful grupului era A. Corobceanu, secondat de A. Burkovskii, G. Pancenko si A. Gordeev. Niciunul dintre agentii parasutati nu a fost descoperit.
Goordeev from 1st team, successfully operated.
Nu acelasi noroc l-au avut alti parasutisti rusi: La data de 13/14 mai 1944, în apropierea comunei CAŞIN, au fost capturaţi şi nimiciţi mai mulţi paraşutişti, de către o patrulă formată din 3 subofiţeri de jandarmi. In ziua de 2 iulie 1944, sergentul major Niculiţă Grigore şef de patrulă la postul jandarmi DOFTEANA, împreună cu soldatul de jandarmi Andronache Ioan, au reuşit să prindă în pădurea "Bogata" 4 paraşutişti de la care au capturat: 3 pistoale mitralieră, 3 pistoale mici ruseşti, 1 aparat de radio emisie, 4 hărţi topografie şi mai multe bancnote ruseşti. In zilele de 15 şi 19 iulie 1944, sergentul major Duican Emil, comandantului plutonului de poliţie de la reşedinţa legiunii,împreună cu 12 jandarmi, în urmărirea întreprinsă au prins 5 paraşutişti, dintre care 2 în viaţă, restul de 3 împuşcaţi mortal în timpul luptei, de la care au capturat: 4 pistoale mitralieră, 5 pistoale automate, 3 grenade defensive, 70 de hărţi cu diferite regiuni, 2 paraşute, cartuşe pistol mitralieră, 1 aparat de radio emisie şi un pistol rachetă cu 7 rachete"
Left : St.Lt.Bandas KIA Bacau 1944
Capt. Bandash Lazar (Jewish ) Tanker captain, deputy Chief of Staff of the 39th Armored Division (Third Ukrainian Front), was sent to study at the Military Academy in Moscow, but returned to a combat unit, thinking that he can not learn when others are fighting. In 1944, having received a severe wound in the chest by a Romanian sniper on the street of Bacau Lazar, died a few months later in the hospital, in the same city, where he is also buried. "He was the most talented of his Jewish family. Order of the Patriotic War Class II , the medal "For Courage" and "For the defense of Stalingrad" .
OSS ,NKVD,MI-6 & Organization Gehlen Lies 1944-53
A Jewish Soviet Pilot Traitor , Colonel Boris Pivenstein
Пивенштейн, Борис Абрамович Еврейская предателем
a bunch of German , British , Stalinist and American lies
Boris Abramovich Pivenshteyn (b. 1909 – death unknown) – Soviet pilot, Sqd.Commander 74 ScHAP Gvardia Colonel awarded the order of the Red Star for his participation in the rescue of the crew and passengers of the steamship " Chelyuskin "in 1934 .
During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the 74th assault aviation regiment and squadron . On April 1943 over Donbas ,Ukraine the aircraft of Colonel BA Pivenshteyna and gunner Sgt.Andrey Kruglov was shot down both airmen were captured by the Germans.
Pivenstein was born in 1909 in Odessa and grew up in poverty. His friend, who later became famous in the Soviet space program , General Nikolai Kamanin wrote in his memoirs memories about Boris:
As son of a Jewish Odessa's harbour water melons seller who died early on poverty, Boris Pivenshtein grew up in the Odessa's harbour environment humor and optimism, was a cool guy who never lost his courrage and self control. Was skilled pilot, a wonderful person . Likewise Boris Pivenshteyn 25 years recalled his distant past :
It is not easy and I had to spend my though childhood in a poor family. Jewish childhood in Odessa was always poor. Constantly affected by the illness of my mother. I was homelessness I soled Cigarettes, toffee, saccharin. After the Red Revolution 1917 it was kind of late for me, I rushed to the other life style. I entered Jewish youngster Komsomol school
In Odessa, Pivenstein graduated from high school, became a Jewish factory worker and joined Aviation School. He served in the 40th Lenin squadron then was transferred to the Far East . In February 1934, was integrated in the team led by N. P. Kamanin dispatched to rescue expedition Chelyuskin .
The route of flight length of over 2,500 km lies along the coast of Kamchatka and Chukotka. Before the last rescue stage has a small trip Kamanin's aircraft landing gear could not be properly operate. Kamanin ordered Pivenshtein to remain on icy weather and fix the aircraft.
Boris Pivenshten's mechanic Kaminsky repaired the damaged aircraft P-5 in the town Valkalten . Pivenshtein managed to obtain 170 Liter of Gasoline and bring with dog sledding while travelling hundreds of kilometers which he poured into four walrus bladder and two tin cans. The mechanic Anisimov meanwhile adjusted the wooden "skis" to the Kamanin's damaged. On April 10, 1934 Pivenstein and Anisimov flew to Providence Bay. The improvised landing skis tied with coiled ropes held , but the blizzard did not allow to fly further. When the storm ended he reported by radio that all Chelyuskin expedition were saved. For the airmanship Boris Pivenstein was awarded on April 20,1934 the Order of the Red Star.
Early years "love" shot Nikolay Kamanin(left) with worst Soviet airman traitor
Single WWII General awarded 4 x Virtutea Aeronautica Romana in gold (nobody knows why)
(Romania ,here we go again )
Continuing to fly into the Arctic, Pivenstein was selected secretary of the Party Committee of the detachment , as part of the crew of Boris Chukhnovsky who took an active part in the search for the missing aircraft of Sigismund Levanevsky (1937) one of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union.
After Pivenstein's transfer from the Far East to the Moscow Military District, he was given an apartment at the " Government Residences ", which documenting that duruing 1939-1941 Boris Abramovich Pivenshteyn lived with his wife Catherina Tarasovna and their two children lived overthere while Pivenstein attended the Jukovsky military air academy in Moscow.
In August 1941, Lt.Col.Boris Pivenstein was appointed first commander of the 503th Attack Aviation Regiment of the Order of Kutuzov, then commander of the 3rd Squadron of the 74th Guards Attack Aviation Regiment. The air regiment was equipped with IL-2. According to the recently declassified info of the Red Army archives ,on July 12, 1943, Guards Colonel Boris Pivenstein failed to return from the mission on the Donbass area as of April 27, 1943. Pilot Pivenstein and gunner Krulov of the 74th ScHAP of the 8th Air Army were captured near Kramatorsk by the Romanian ground troops and handed over to SD .
Pivenstein & His Gunner ( Pivenstein no POW Files )
The NKVD documents and Soviet court-martial poceedings indicating that he was listed as MIA as of 1950 but the Soviet NKVD have established that up to June 1951, Lt.Col.Pivenstein resided in the on the American occupation zone in Germany near Wiesbaden, worked as Secretary of Wiesbaden emigration Committee helpping elderly and Jewish to immigrate to US. Soviet Military supreme court condemned Pivenstein in absence as of April 4, 1952 under Art. 58-1 p. "B" and 58-6 h. 1 of the Criminal Code of the USSR to death and confiscation of property and deprivation of military rank According to the A.A Demin, this case was fabricated ,because NKVD was fully aware about Pivenstein collaboration with Whermacht , SD and later Organisation Gehlen .
Pivenstein (right) Stalag Luft VI , ObsLt Holters , Holters with J.Stalin
In fact after capture in 1943 Col. Pivenstein joined General Vlasow's Army and was one of the most active Soviet traitor airman working for the German Intelligence Section "East» (Auswertestelle Ost AWSt. / Ost) led by Major Holters which was in charge in interviewing captured Soviet airmen, the operational processing of the data and the analysis of the political and moral state of the Soviet Air Force and their later fitness or Vlasow's Army . The OKW Abwher Intelligence Section "East" structurally subordinated to the headquarters of the Luftwaffe OKL (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe) and was created by the efforts of Oberst Leutenant G. Holters and by the former Soviet Air Force colonel V. Maltsev one Vlasow's main trustees.
Meeting of Axis Intel Chiefs in Romania
The Russian Fed archive TsAMO discovered supporting documents and data that Pivenstein in the beginning of the war commanded 503 ScHAP, was then commander of the 3rd Squadron of 74th GvSCHAP. Did not return from the mission on April 27,1943 from Donbas area (irronically the MH-17 downing area in 2014 ) The IL-2 was shot down then made a forced landing in enemy territory. Pivenstein was injured on the eyes, contussions and broken leg, tried to kill himself.
In 1944, with the assistance Maltzev the commaner of Vlasow's Army Air Force , Col.Pivenstein was transferred first in Suwalki, and then under Moritsfelde Insterburg Stalagluft II and Stalag Luft VI Koenigsberg, which were subordinated under AWSt. / Ost of Lt.Col.Holsters.
War Criminal ,comrade Vlasow along Maltzev and some of the filthy band of Soviet traitors
In fact in 1945 the OSS and Organization Gehlen enabled Pivenstein to live and work under a faked name 0n the American zone until June 1951 while living in Wiesbaden. Then in 1950 he emigrated to the United States to work for CIA Section USSR . The Soviets always pretended that they lost track of him . At the Museum "House on the Embankment" Pivenstein is listed as participant in the Second World War as a victim and his widow worked as a courier of the History Institute of the USSR Academy of Arts , mentioned overthere as repressed. In addition this Museum gives information about Pivenstein two residences during the war locations in Tashkent.
War criminal Reinhard Gehlen along with Valsow's Army & Section AWst/Ost
Gehlen with thousands of Allied Agents blood on his hands reinstated to power by OSS
In reality the NKVD and the later KGB knew exactly about Pivenstein's WWII role , his activities at Langley Virginia (CIA) especially his role during Korean War 1951-1953 and later interviewing Russian defectors and Warsaw Pact airmen defectors . He lived and worked in United States under cover name and may have immigrated to Israel prior his death . He remained one of the most searched Vlasow's Army activits in the post WWII era by NKVD and KGB.
Messed Up SOE / MI-6 Clandestine Ops Europe and Balkans
Remember Brits promising the interim Maniu's Government in 1944 help against a possible Russian domination in Romania ? Remember the large amount of gold stollen from commander of Ops Mantilla and his murder ? The secrecy till 2034 ? The execution of Draja Mihailovic ? Well here we go again with the most corrupt agency inWWII who used Jewish agents as canon fodder , which hired gays who later on turned double spies for Soviets etc.
The organization of SOE continually evolved and changed during the war. Initially, it consisted of three broad departments: SO1, which dealt with propaganda; SO2 (Operations); and SO3 (Research). SO3 was quickly overloaded with paperwork and was merged into SO2. In August 1941, following quarrels between the Ministry of Economic Warfare and the Ministry of Information over their relative responsibilities, SO1 was removed from SOE and became an independent organisation, the political warfare executive .
Thereafter there was a single, broad "Operations" department which controlled the Sections operating into enemy and sometimes neutral territory, and the selection and training of agents. Sections were assigned to a single country. Some enemy-occupied countries had two or more sections assigned to deal with politically disparate resistance movements. (France had no less than six).
The Director of SOE had either a Deputy from the Army, or (once Gubbins became Director) an Army officer as Chief of Staff. The main controlling body of SOE was its Council, consisting of around fifteen heads of departments or sections. About half of the Council were from the armed forces (although some were specialists who were only commissioned after the outbreak of war), the rest were various civil servents, lawyers, or business or industrial experts. Most of the members of the Council, and the senior officers and functionaries of SOE generally, were recruited by word of mouth among public school alumni and Oxford graduates,although this did not notably affect SOE's political complexion.
In my view a great despite the reputation and large resources available a large number of SOE operations in WWII failed due inadequate planning , wrongly recruited personnel, rush to action rush to judgement, over confidence and inadequate confidence between operatives and Head Quarters . Additionaly the history shows that SOE and MI-6 had the greatest number of defectors ( double spies ) on its lines than any other Agency which severely compromised its field agents mostly ending in capture and execution of the field agents . Needless to mention the Oxford 5 case, Philby and other super spies double agents which have severely compromised SOE, OSS and other allied agencies agents during WWII.
A SOE Romanian Jewish traitor named Vera Atkins
Vera seen wearing an Irvine RAF aircrew sheepskin flying jacket she didn't deserve, Romanians seems to have their fingers everywhere.
Col.Maurice Buckmaster, section chief France not fit for such duties despite bogus awards & PR
2nd from left a rare case of an SOE survivor upon liberation of Dachau
In my view Vera May Atkins was one of those SOE operatives and executives wrongly selected by her Organisation unfit for the duty, running her own operations within the organisation thus compromising the lives of her section females depicted beneath. Vera Atkins was one of those Romanian jetset women circulating and acting with enemy's higher echelons not willing to take risks to be dispatched on covert ops ,rather stay in the office and pull strings . Like similar cases of WWII Romanian jetset women , Vera Atkins liked wealth, travel and personal comfort in similar to SS officers who made business out an world war,she was highly disliked by her subordinates. I highly suspect she was a double agent first for the Abwehr then Philby's ring while having affairs with her boss Col.Buckmaster . On post WWII era MI-6 would silently release her from service.
She was born as Vera Maria Rosenberg in Galati – Romania to Max Rosenberg a German Jewish father, and his Brit Wife wife, Zeffro Hilda, known as Hilda. She had four brothers.
She briefly attended the Sorbone in Paris to study modern languages and a finishing school in Lausanne Switzerland, where she indulged her passion for skiing, before training at a secretarial college in London. Atkins' father, a wealthy businessman on the Danube Delta, went bankrupt in 1932 and died a year later.
Vera remained with her mother in Galati and Bucharest ,Romania until emigrating to UK in 1937 a move I decline to agree was in response to the threatening political situation in Europe and the growing extremism and antisemitism in Romania but rather straving higher life standards.
During her somewhat-gilded youth in Romania, where she lived on the large estate bought by her father at Krosno (Ukraine ) Atkins enjoyed the cosmopolitan society of Bucharest where she became close to the anti-Nazi German Russian ambassador, General Schulleburg (executed after 1944 Hitler assasination plot) who by the way was a friend with Marshall Tuchachevsky later executed during Stalin's plot . In due course she involved with a young British pilot, Dick Ketton-Cremer, whom she had met in Palestine and Egypt and to whom she may have been briefly engaged. He was killed in action in the Battle of Crette on 23 May 1941. She was never to marry, again and lived in a flat with her mother while working for SOE and until 1947 when Hilda died.
While in Romania, Atkins came to know several diplomats who were members of British Intelligence, some of whom were later to support her application for British nationality, and to whom in view of her and her family's strong pro-British views, she may have provided information as a "stringer". She also worked as a translator and representative for an oil company enganged at Ploesti refineries .
In her 2005 biography, Sarah Helm has written that in the spring of 1940, before joining SOE, Atkins travelled to the low countries to provide money for a bribe to an Abwher officer for a passport for her cousin, Felix, to escape from Romania. Helm says that Atkins was stranded in the Holland when the Germans invaded on 10 May 1940, and, after going into hiding, she was able to return to UK late in 1940 with the assistance of a Belgian resistance network.
Atkins volunteered as an air raid precautionst warden in Chelseain the period prior to working for SOE. In February 1941, despite not being a British national, Atkins joined the F (French) section of the SOE, originally in a secretarial capacity, but soon as assistant to section head Col.Buckmaster and a de facto intelligence officer. She remained a civilian until August 1944, when she was commissioned as F/O (Flight Officer) in the RAF (WAAF). In February 1944 Atkins had been naturalised a British citizen, and was later officially appointed F-Section intelligence officer.
Her primary role was related to the recruitment and deployment, after strenuous commando training, of British agents in occupied France. She was also given responsibility for the 37 women agents who would work as couriers, and later wireless operators, for the various circuits established by SOE. Also, Atkins would take care of the "housekeeping" related to the agent, such as ensuring they received their pay, checking that their clothing and papers were appropriate for their mission, and acting as SOE's liaison with their families, which included the sending out at regular intervals of anodyne pre-written letters.
Vera would often accompany agents to the airfields from which they would depart for France, and would carry out final security checks before waving them off. She did this for almost all of the women agents, each of whom she regarded as one of her "girls", and to whom she felt a close affinity despite never herself serving in the field or undergoing military or signals training.
Vera did not usually arrive at F Section's Baker Street office until around 10 am, but she always attended the daily section heads meeting chaired by Buckmaster, and would often stay late in the signals room to await the decoded transmissions sent by agents in the field. Although not a popular officer with many of her colleagues, especially in view of her inability to admit to mistakes, she was trusted by Buckmaster for her integrity, good organisational skills and exceptional memory. She was 5 ft 9 in tall, liked to dress elegantly in tailored skirt-suits, and was a lifelong smoker, preferring the " Senior Service " brand.
Recently controversy has arisen as to why clues that one of F section's main spy networks had been penetrated by the Germans were not picked up, and Buckmaster and Atkins failed to pull out agents at risk. Instead they sent in several more. A radio operator for the Prosper circle Gilbert Norman ("Archambaud"), had sent a message omitting his true security check – a deliberate mistake. So why did she not challenge Buckmaster when other signals from captured radios came in without checks? Atkins, it is alleged, was negligent in letting Buckmaster repeat his errors at the expense of agents' lives, including 27 arrested on landing who the Germans later killed.
Her biographer Sarah Helm believes that Atkins, who still had relatives in Nazi occupied Europe, may have travelled to the Netherlands in 1940 and helped a cousin to escape by bribing Abwher officers, and then later escaped from occupied Belgium through a resistance "lifeline". She did not tell SOE of this when she joined in 1941, and kept it secret for the rest of her life. Whatever the truth, Buckmaster was Atkins' superior officer, and thus ultimately responsible for running SOE's French agents, and she remained a civilian and not even a British national until February 1944. It was Buckmaster who recklessly sent a reply to the message supposedly sent by Norman telling him, and thus the actual German operator, that he had forgotten his "true" check and to remember it in future.
On 1 October 1943 F-Section received a message from "Jacques", an agent in Berne, passing on information from "Sonja" that "Madelaine" and two others had had "a serious accident and were in hospital" – code for captured by the German authorities. "Jacques" was an SOE radio operator, Jacques Weil of the Juggler circuit, who had escaped to Switzerland, "Sonja" was his fiancee, Sonya Olschanetzky, who was still operating in Paris, and "Madelaine" was Noor Khan, a wireless operator of the Cinema Circuit.
This accurate information was not acted upon by Buckmaster, probably because "Sonja" was a locally recruited agent unknown to him, and F-Section continued to regard "Madelaine's" messages as genuine for several months after Noor's arrest. There is no evidence that Atkins was aware of this message, and as she was later to misidentify Sonia as Noor because she was unaware the former was an SOE operative, the responsibility for ignoring Sonia's communication and continuing to send agents to the blown Prosper circuit and sub-circuits in Paris, and so to their capture and often death, must lie with Buckmaster and not Atkins, as with the case of "Archambaud" above.
It was not until after the end of the war that Atkins learnt of the almost total success the Germans had had by 1943 in destroying SOE networks in the Low Countries by playing the "Funkspiel " ("radio game"), by which radio operators were captured and forced to give up their codes and "bluffs", so that German intelligence (Abwehr in Holland SD in France) officers could impersonate the agents and play them back against HQ in London. For some reason, Buckmaster and Atkins were not informed of the total collapse of the circuits in the Netherlands and Belgium T Section due to the capture and control of wireless operators by the Abwehr.
This may have been a result of inter-departmental or service rivalry, or just bureaucratic incompetence, but the failure of their superiors to tell F Section officially of these other SOE disasters (although rumours about N and T Sections circulated at Baker Street) may have led Buckmaster and Atkins to be overconfident in the security of their networks and too ready to ignore signals evidence that questioned their trust in the identity of the wireless operator.
Notice should also be taken of the well-organised and skillful counter-espionage work of the SD at 84 Avenue Foch in Paris under SS Hans Josef Kieffer, who built up a deep understanding of how F Section operated in both London and France.
It has been suggested that Atkins' diligence in tracing agents still missing at the end of the war was motivated by a sense of guilt at having sent many to deaths that could have been avoided. It is also possible that she felt it her duty to find out what had happened to the men and women, each known personally to her, who had died serving SOE F Section in the most dangerous of circumstances eventually clear herself from being suspected .
In the end, what caused the complete collapse of the Prosper circuit of Francis Suttill and its extensive network of sub-circuits, were not errors in London, but the actions of double agent Henri Dericourt ("Gilbert"), F Section's air-landing officer in France, who was at the heart of its operations, and who was literally giving SOE's secrets to the SD in Paris. What is not completely clear is whether Dericourt was, as is most likely, simply a traitor, or, as he was to claim, was working for the MI-6 (unknown to SOE) as part of a complex deception plan in the run-up to D-Day.[18] However, it is beyond doubt that Dericourt was at least a double agent, and that he provided, first his friend, Karl Bemelburg, head of the SD in France, and then Kieffer, with large amounts of written evidence and intelligence about F Section's operations and operatives, which ultimately led to the capture, torture and execution of scores of British agents.
The conclusions of M.R.D Foot in his official history of F Section are that the errors made by Atkins, Buckmaster and other London officers were the products of the "fog of war", that there were no conspiracies behind these failings, and that few individuals were culpable.
Atkins never admitted to making mistakes, and went to considerable lengths to hide her errors, as in her original identification of Noor Inayat Khan, rather than (the then unknown to Atkins) Sonya Olschanetzky, as the fourth woman executed at Natzweiler Struthoff on 6 July 1944. Indeed, she never informed Sonia's family that Sonia had died at Natzweiler, although she did later protest against the decision of the organising committee of the SOE memorial in Valencay not to include Sonia's name because she was a local agent and not one sent from England.
Atkins was also suspected by some former SOE officials of working for the Germans and later NKVD, but Sarah Helm dismisses these claims of her being a Soviet or Nazi spy, and suggests that Atkins' less straghtforward behaviour and secrecy can be explained by her determination not to reveal her 1940 mission to the continent. Her position as a woman, as Jew and a non-British national in SOE would also explain Atkins' defensiveness during and after the war. I agree with first claim and totally disagree with second. She was a double agent for financial reasons and with great certainty part of the Philby's ring . Due to the public exposure of her boss and his contacts with Ike including the decorations presented to Buckmaster MI-6 on post WWII era ,lack of complete evidences etc , MI-6 may have elected to keep an eye closed on Atkins.
Atkins persuaded M.R.D Foot SOE's official historian, not to reveal her Romanian origins in his history. She remained to her death a strong defender of F Section's wartime record, and ensured that each of the 12 women murdered in the three Nazi camps Struthof, Dachau and Ravensbruek are commemorated by memorial plaques close to where they were killed. She also supported the memorial at Valencay in the Loire Valley, unveiled in 1991, which is dedicated to the agents of SOE in France killed in the line of duty.
In 1996 Atkins wrote to the Daily Tefegraph to defend the decision to send Noor Inayat Khan to France, writing of Noor's initial success in evading capture, her two escape attempts, and her detention in Prorzhem prison manacled in chains as a dangerous prisoner: "This is the record of Nora Inayat Khan and her answer to those who doubted her , however the real truth will be never be known .
A forgotten Jewish Hero, OSE agent Sonya Olschanezky
The daughter of a Russian Jew, Eli Olschanezky, a chemical engineer who worked as a sales representative for a manufacturer of ladies' stockings, she was seven years old when the family moved to Paris France and her father opened a lingerie shop there. Olschanezky was a good student but her main ambition was to become a dancer, and after leaving school she worked as an auf pair.
In May 1940, France was invaded by the German Army. It was not long before Olschanezky had joined the French Resistance and stationed in Châlons-sur-Marne, spent her time carrying messages between (SOE) agents in the area.
After the French surrender, the new leader, Pettain, cooperated in the French Jews. In May 1942, orders were given for all Jewish men, women and children to wear a six-pointed yellow star on their clothing over the region of the heart. The following month, Olschanezky was arrested and sent to a camp at Drancy, where she awaited being sent to an extermination camp in Nazi Germany.
When her mother heard the news, she contacted friends in Germany who managed to produce false papers that stated that she had "economically valuable skills" needed for the war effort. On the production of the false papers and the payment of a sum of money to the appropriate German official, Olschanezky was freed.
SOE F Section betrayal victim S.Olschanezky
After her release, Sonya Olschanezky returned to her resistance work and in 1943 was locally recruited by her fiancé, Jaques Well to the Juggle sub-circuit of the Physician network that included Andrée Borrel, Francis Suttill and Gilbert Norman. In October 1943, Olschanezky learnt of the capture of Noor Inayat Khan, a radio operator with Suttill's network, and, through Weil and via Bern, informed London of the arrest, and that Noor's radio was probably in German hands. Colonel M.Buckmaster, head of SOE F Section, ignored the message as unreliable because it came from a source he did not know. As a result, agents continued to be sent to, and be captured in, France, and Olschanezky herself was later arrested in Paris.
Sonya, Drancy Camp , Memorial
The network was betrayed and most of its leading members were arrested. However, Olschanezky remained free until being captured in January 1944 and after being interrogated by the Gestapo, she was imprisoned at Fresnes.
On 13 May 1944, the Germans transported Olschanezky and seven other SOE agents, Yolande Beekman, Eliane Plewman, Madeleine Damerment, Odette Sansom, Diana Rowden, Andrée Borrel and Vera Leigh, to Nazi Germany.
On 6 July 1944, Olschanezky along with Diana Rowden, Andrée Borrel and Vera Leigh, were taken to the concentration camp Natzweiler. Later that day, they were injected with phenol and put in the crematorium furnace. One of the women attempted to resist her murder, and one, possibly the same woman, may have revived when placed in the oven, and was able to scratch the face of her executioner, Peter Straub. Olschanezky was twenty years old when killed in action.
When Vera Atkins her intelligence officer began her search for missing agents after the war, she originally confused Olschanezky, who was unknown to her, with Noor Khan, believing it was Inayat Khan who was executed at Natzweiler with the other three women. However, once Atkins confirmed that Inayat Khan had been murdered at Dachau, it was established that Olschanezky, who, with her dark colouring, resembled Inayat Khan, had died at Natzweiler.
In spite of various post WWII efforts, Sonya Olschanezky was not commemorated on the Valencay SOE memorial in the Loire Valley, unveiled in 1991, which is dedicated to the 91 men and 13 women of F Section who were killed in action, because she was a locally recruited agent and was not a British officer. Neither was she honoured by the British government, despite her heroic exploits on its behalf.
Olschanezky is now commemorated with a plaque, along with the names of Noor Khan and Lilian Rolfe, on the Vera Atkins Memorial Seat in the Allied Special Forces Memorial Grove at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire.
SOE agents murdered by SS in concentration camps from Section F of Vera Atkins and Col.Buckmaster, betrayed to SD by double agents within the same section.
Section F traitors double agents H.Dericourt & Renee Garry
SOE Circuit leader Major Francis Alfred Suttill considered Agazarian's continued presence to be a security risk. On 16 June 1943 Agazarian was returned to England where he reiterated his concerns about Dericourt's loyalty to Nicholas Bodington and Colonel Buckmaster, who were nevertheless unconvinced. However, when agent Noor Inayat Khan lost contact with the Prosper group, headquarters became increasingly concerned. Leo Marks,[Leopold Samuel Marks] the SOE's head of codes and ciphers, became convinced that Gilbert Norman, the group's wireless operator, was transmitting under German control.
Since most of section F agents were Jews , I would not be surprised is Vera Atkins conducted the interviews with them before being recruited.
Major Horst Kopkow ex Gestapo, SD and Abwehr OKL / OKW
"ONE of Hitler's top intelligence officers, who ordered the murders of more than 100 British secret agents in concentration camps, was spared execution as a war criminal and selected to work for MI6 on post WWII era. The NKVD recently declassified Philby's files showing such stunning revellation.
Horst Kopkow: The name file on Horst Kopkow, head of the Gestapo's section on sabotage and a leading expert on Communist espionage against Germany, contains documents from the immediate postwar period only, when he was in British hands. Kopkow went into hiding at the end of the war, but was betrayed by another Gestapo official and captured by the British.
British intelligence interrogated Kopkow at length on Soviet espionage and sabotage methods, and Kopkow was very forthcoming with information about these and about German methods of combating the now famous Communist "Red Orchestra" spy network. The highlight of the file is a sixty-page British interrogation, a copy handed over to the Americans. (This interrogation, to the best of our knowledge, is not available elsewhere in the United States National Archives. It may or may not be available at the Public Record Office in the United Kingdom.)
Kopkow offered exact details of how Nazi officials eventually penetrated the Red Orchestra, turned a number of arrested Communist agents, and fed information back to Moscow. Kopkow also related that he had learned from another Gestapo official that Heinrich Himmler had given a long speech to some 15-18 high officials of the SS and police at police headquarters in Flensburg in the closing days of the war.
Himmler still hoped that the Allies would leave a small preserve in the area north of the Kiel Canal to be controlled by a German government. Himmler concluded that the hammer now had to replace the sword: everyone had to devote himself or herself to rebuilding railways and industries. The police had to fade into the background or disappear, Himmler said. Information about this speech does not appear in biographies of Himmler.
Kopkow with SD
There is no indication in this file whether Kopkow took part in postwar intelligence work for any intelligence agency. The fact that the CIA & MI-6 maintained a file on him, however, suggests either that he was of intelligence interest or that the information he previously gave was considered still of interest in similar to the Russian Valsow's Army Soviet Air Force traitor Boris Pivenstein . According to a statement given by another Gestapo official who knew Kopkow well (a statement not contained in this file), British intelligence in similar to Org.Gehlen which hid Pivenstein also hid Kopkow and then used him. There are separate indications that Kopkow surfaced later as an official in the Gehlen organization in activities related to East German spies ring.
Newly opened papers contain startling evidence that in the postwar scramble to secure information about Russian communists, British Intelligence "turned" Horst Kopkow, faked his death and used him to fight the Cold War.
Evidence emerged in the 1980's that along with US also Britain had become a refuge for suspected war criminals, but few would have believed that the Government had gone even further and put a man like Kopkow on its books. Details of how MI6 snatched Kopkow, 35, from war crimes investigators, inventing his fake death from "broncho pneumonia", are revealed in private papers made public only now. The papers belonged to Mrs Vera Atkins, a senior officer of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) possibly a traitor, Britain 's secret wartime body. After the war she mounted a one-woman investigation into the fate of her agents behind enemy lines. The Atkins documents have been corroborated by newly declassified secret papers in the British and American National Archives. MI6 declined to comment on the Kopkow case.
However, intelligence sources indicated that the service itself was taken aback by the evidence. To date, Britain has denied that it engaged in the dark arts used by the Americans, whose employment of Nazis to catch Communists has been well-documented. British intelligence sources pointed out that Kopkow was not in the league of "the butcher of Lyons", a reference to Klaus Barbie, the most notorious war criminal employed by the Americans.
The Kopkow case is uniquely chilling because the MI6 men who spared him were colleagues and "handlers" of his victims. Among those whose torture and death he sanctioned were men and women of the SOE and MI6 agents.While Kopkow's information may have been considered valuable, it was in fact useless. The head of MI6's Russian desk when Kopkow was captured was Kim Philby an Oxford gay , exposed later on as a Soviet spy more than 15 years later.
Precisely how long Kopkow was employed by British Intelligence remains murky. German records state that he adopted the name Cordes and died in Gelsenkirchen in 1996."
SOE Agents betrayal victims ( Romanian hands again)
All SEO agents captured were murdered after severe tortures and cremated. Most of the agents were Jewish of various nationalities. Strangley the Brits would use the Jews for most complicated missions ,some of whom returned twice to France .
Group Leders & Francis Suttil Prosper killed at Sachsenhausen Camp 1945
Beneath the victims of Vera Atkins & Col.Buckmaster's section F's double agents and organisation sloppiness. All were murdered and cremated at Flossernburg, Buchenwald,Gross Rosen,Ravensbruck, Auschwitz, Mauthausen and Dachau . Their remain were never found and no burial was possible. May they rest in peace and may their bravery inspire the future generations to come.
SOE women section F betrayed & murdered at Dachau Sept.1944
In my view these women were their own section and Atkins betrayal victims ,keeping in mind that Atkin's section had double agents who remained undetected throughout the entire war. I hate those silly WWII US and British propaganda movies portraying the German Intelligence and German Special Forces as easy beatable ,weak or not matching the formidable OSS and British Intelligences. This was totally a misleading picture and a poor Allied propagandistic tool. OSE and MI-6 were sometimes unreliable organisations both from inside and outside,sometimes poorly organised with many failed Ops and not once mistrusted even by the OSS. Their favourite canon fodder were intellectual Jews , foreigners and minorities willing to sacrifice their lives for a Kingdom who in fact was never favourable of Jews and later on a Jewish State a Kingdom which not always deserved their trust and sacrifices.
They ranged from girls barely out of high school to mature mothers, from working-class women to aristocrats, from the plain to the beautiful, from the prim and proper to wild high-lifers. The only women from the Western Allies to bear arms in action during the Second World War, they suffered torture, the misery of the concentration camps, and death at the hands of Nazi butchers.
This is the story of one of the SOE women named Anne-Marie Walters. Half-French who grew up in Geneva. Walters was recruited by SOE when she was only 19. She was an intelligent, headstrong girl and immediately after the war she wrote about her experiences in France in a prize-winning book titled "Moondrop to Gascony" . It was one of the first, and remains one of the best, accounts of an SOE agent's work. Watch the Youtube documentary on SOE agent Noor Khan.
Noor Khan one of the most courageous SOE agent in WWII
They were a band of sisters such as has not been seen before or since, and the only thing they had in common was language—they all spoke French. Now, sixty-seven years after peace broke out in Europe, all but one or two are dead. They are the women agents of the Special Operations Executive, the special force founded in 1940 on the explicit orders of Winston Churchill to "set Europe ablaze."
Ironically, one of the first of these women was not even British; she was a feisty American redhead named Virginia Hall. A graduate of Radcliffe and Barnard and a failed applicant to the U.S. State Department, she was living in France when Germany invaded in 1940. As a result of a prewar hunting accident, Hall had an artificial foot, an injury that would have been enough to get any man out of front-line duty. It didn't keep Hall back: she made her way to London and, despite being a citizen of a neutral country, was recruited by the SOE. Once back in France she worked for fourteen months posing as a journalist for the New York Post.
When Germany finally took over the Vichy zone in 1942, the incoming head of the Lyons Gestapo, the infamous Klaus Barbie, declared, "I would give anything to get hold of that Canadian bitch." Artificial foot or not, his quarry escaped over the Pyrenees into Spain before he could act. Returning to London, Hall attached herself to the nascent American equivalent of SOE, the Office of Strategic Services, and was once again put ashore in France in 1944 to liaise with resistance groups in the months leading up to the D-Day landings. After the war, she served in the organization that grew out of the OSS—the CIA.
OSE Agent Noor Inayat Khan
If Virginia Hall's story is remarkable, Noor Inayat Khan's is almost incredible. The product of an unlikely marriage between an Indian prince and a distant relative of Mary Baker Eddy, Inayat Khan was largely brought up in Paris, where her father instructed fashionable French ladies in the ways of Sufi mysticism. Ethereal and beautiful, she was a poet, a considerable musician, and a published writer of fairy stories for children; but when her family found refuge in London in 1940, Inayat Khan joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and became a wireless operator. Fluent French and training as a wireless operator was an irresistible combination of skills for the SOE recruiters. So it was that in 1943 this unlikely agent—she seemed incapable of telling a lie—was landed by light aircraft in France, to work with the ill-fated PROSPER network in Paris. While her colleagues were being arrested, Inayat Khan remained at large for months, the only active SOE radio operator in the Paris area.
Nazi rat who tortured and exceuted Noor before execution SS F.Ruppert
Cutting Deal with the Devil, bizare survival of an OSE agent
Odette Marie Celine Sansom was the daughter of a WWI hero and the wife of an Englishman. Her husband was already in the military when Sansom was asked to join the SOE. Leaving her three daughters, she made her landing near Cannes in 1942.
As happened with numerous others, there were double-agents and betrayals and Sansom, along with her supervisor, Peter Churchill, were arrested. Odette immediately showed her mettle. Following her imprisonment Sansom was tortured by the Gestapo, which abuse included having all her toenails pulled out.
She failed to break and stuck with her cover story: That she and Churchill were husband and wife and Peter was, in fact, the nephew of Prime Minister Churchill. Regardless ,Odette was condemned to death and transferred to Germany (along with Vera Leigh, Diana Rowden, Andree Borrel and Sonya Olschanezky) and sent to Ravensbruck concentration camp.
Unlike her unfortunate compatriots, who were executed there, the erstwhile Sansom, despite being emaciated and gravely ill, actually talked the camp commandant, Friz Suhren, into releasing her. In the face of the allies and the advancing Red army, he did just that.
In late March 1945 the order was given for Ravensbrueck to be evacuated and 24,500 prisoners, men and women were put on the road to Mecklenburg. Early in April 1945, 500 women prisoners were handed over to the Danish and Swedish Red Cross and 2,500 German women prisoners were set free. Dr.Fritz Suhren drove Odette Marie – Sansom out of the camp in a splendid Mercedes Benz, and surrendered to the Americans, after handing his revolver to Odette, however that deal didn't prevent his execution later on.
Sansom was awarded the George Cross for bravery, and the Member of the Order of the British Empire and the French Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur.She was a highly courageous SOE agent.
Dachau Kommandant Eduard Weiter,committed suicide shortly before US troops arrival
Changing addresses on a daily basis, lugging her wireless from one safe house to another, she evaded capture by a mixture of luck and native cunning. The end came when she was betrayed in October 1943. At first imprisoned in the Gestapo HQ in Paris, Noor was later kept shackled and in solitary confinement in a prison in Germany; in September 1944, in the company of three other captured SOE women, she was moved to Dachau. There, after being stripped and hideously beaten, she was shot.
R.Höss camp Auschwitz Commandant and mass murderer excecuted 1947
Failed SOE Romanian Operation Ranji
In June 1943 British War Office along with SOE planned Operation Ranji which was intended to establish contact with the Romanian peasant party leader G.Maniu who by then was in regular contact with SOE and OSS in Cairo for the purpose of setting an early capitulation of the Romanian Government.This mission was one of the numerous failed SOE missions during WWII
The mission objective was to parachute Capt.David Russell a Scottish Guard officer attached to SOE along a Romanian immigrant who joined SOE Nicolae Turcanu (wirelss operator ) and Nicolae Pirca a Romanian who immigrated to UK which was to serve as guide. On the night of 15/16 June 1943 Russell and his team were parachuted in Yugoslavia near the Romanian border, while Russell carried a large amount of gold coins intended to support Maniu's activities in Bucharest along with sufficient gold and cash needed by the team .
Russell's team never reached Bucharest in fact on on Sept 4,1943 Capt. Russell was murdered during the sleep on his tenth by the Romanian crook Nicolae Pirca near Varciorova ,Romania when Tarcanu was occupied outside setting the radio antena on nearby hill. Pirca rubbed Russell's gold coins then vannished into Yugoslavia. As of today Operation Ranji and Captain's Russell's murder details remain classified, to be declassified by 2037. Only Turcanu reached Bucharest and started to transmit to Cairo and London until German Abwher Bucharest captured the radio by fall of 1943. There is no clarity as into Turcanu and Pirca whereabouts after WWII.
Capt Russell was born on 28.8.1915 in Bridgefoot House,South Mimms,Hertfordshire resided in Ipswich was son of Charles Ernest and Enid Barbara Russell f Kingsford residents of Essex while his brother George Anthony Russell was killed in action on 2.11.1942 age 21 at El Alamein as 2nd Lt . Russell served on 7th Battalion Rifle Brigade,studied at Eton (Cpl in OTC), studied at Trinity College,Cambridge then studied Royal Agricultural College,Cirencester,Broke all,Nacton near Ipswich . On 25.5,1940 graduated RMC Sandhurst as 2nd Lt. training at Pirbright 13.7.1940.
Served on Scots Guards Training Battalion 5.10.1940, served at 1st Battalion Scots Guards (C Company) 21.4.1941 , 2nd Bn Scots Guards 1942 then joined 51st SAS Commando Regiment on 25.5.1942 at the Special Interrogation Group (SIG- 2 IC ) . Joined " L " SAS Detachment on 30.6.1942 then finally moved to 1st SAS D- Squad which was detached to Libya.
On April 1943 he was awarded British Military Cross for his role during Operation " Agreement " at Tobruk on 13-14th September 1942 for kidnapping a German Intelligence officer, while acting with a team behind enemy lines dressed in German uniform. Capt.Russell is burried at British Military Cemetery near Bucharest.
Capt. David Russell, Bucharest British cemetery grave
Failed SOE Romanian Ops Mantilla, Autonomous and other
British Special Operation Executive (SOE) intended to deploy the volunteers as wireless operators and instructors on their liaison missions to the partisans, while the British Military Intelligence branch (MI9) planned to use them to locate and rescue Allied POWs and escapees. Both branches consented to the volunteers' dual role as British agents and Jewish emissaries. The candidates were selected from the ranks of the Palmach (the strike force of the Jewish military underground), Zionist youth movement activists and Palestinian Jews already serving in the British army. Of the 240 men and women who volunteered, 110 underwent the training program that commenced in Cairo in March 1943.
Because of certain operational difficulties, only 32 of the trained volunteers (including three women) were sent on missions to Europe. Nine of the Jewish parachutists were sent to Romania, three to Hungary, five to Slovakia, ten to Yugoslavia, three to Italy and two to Bulgaria. The first group was dropped into Yugoslavia in May 1943; the last was dropped in southern Austria on the last day of the war. Of the 32 volunteers, twelve were captured. Seven of the twelve were subsequently executed, including Haviva Reik in Slovakia and Hannah Szenes in Hungary. The Jewish parachutists succeeded in making contact with the various national resistance movements in the Balkans, including Tito's partisans in Yugoslavia. Several were active participants in the Slovak National Uprising. Others succeeded in aiding Allied POWs in Romania and organizing immigration to Palestine in the immediate post-liberation period
Palestine Jewish SOE agents executed by Gestapo
Above: SOE Palestine operative at the officers POW Camp Timisul along with US airmen
( 3rd raw middle left up of the Romanian officer)
31 Soviet Airmen murdered at Dachau Feb 17,1944
On Feb 17,1944 31 S0viet airmen were transferred from Flossenburg POW camp to Dachau during which they attempted escape . On Feb 22,1944 escapees were shot by the SD on their necks and then cremated
Ex Romanian Legionnaires used by OSS & MI-6 on post WWII era
Ex Romanian Legionnaires used by OSS & MI-6 as "mouse trap " against communist Romania parachuted betrayed by MI-6 double agent Philby and executed in 1953 by Romania, a CIA stupidity which continues nowadays.
Mihai Hochenzollern Hitlerescu never fought a war no real pilot no Admiral nyet Russkies no Politician just a mom's boy and a skillful Hollywood actor
Mihai and Carol II , the Royal Romanian error of the last century and Nazi collaborators
" Mihai the Brave " was just a Rumanian order but not so Mihai of Romania , his family never really liked Hitler though they worked with him , he didn't want "Pobeda " order cause he didn't deserve it anyways, nor ever cared for anyone's interest except his own. Stalin must have been under serious medications to award his enemy such rare order which anyways was dumpped to an auction house by our Hollywood friend. Other than that, his father is seen above wearing the Polish Army uniform, an early acting skill of the Romanian Royall house.
First with Antonescu , then with Hitler & Antonescu with Stalin & Allies, abdicated ,Sales Rep for Beechcraft Aircraft Co in Switzerland and finally years later back in Romania again. Was this Hochenzoller a mess ? or was this Hitlerescu mess a Hochenzoller from Romania ?
First with those, then with him and those and then with those Then again with those. This guy is really confused
Here's our Hochenzollern again , seen after his abdication in the early 50's , showing great compassion for the events which destroyed his country few years earlier . Of course he's from Romania !
Here's our young chap again, portraying as Pvt.pilot a privilege he never mastered along with his dominant mom wearing Hellenic AF pilot badge . Those Hochenzollern are hillarious chameleons, adapting themselves any place any weather , today Lion's friend ,tomorrow Hunter's aid . They were extraordinary people in extraordinary times, and so were the Romanians, never a Nationality but someone else political instrument .
Sales Rep.for Beechcraft Acft Co.and Link Singer , Geneva , Switzerland 1958
After the coup of August 23, 1944, in which King Michael ordered the arrest of Romania's pro-German dictator, Ion Antonescu, Soviet troops entered Bucharest and found an interim Romanian government ready to negotiate peace. From the armistice Joseph Stalin fashioned a legal framework for the Soviet Union's political and economic domination of Romania; he secured this through the imposition of rule by the Romanian Communist Party (RCP). On March 5, 1945, a pro-Soviet government came to power and used the country's political structure, trade unions, and educational system to make Romania completely subservient to the Soviet Union. A vital step was the dissolution of the major democratic parties in the summer of 1947, and the indictment and imprisonment of their elderly leaders, Iuliu Maniu and Constantin Bratianu, as "agents of Britain and the United States." Both died in communist prisons, along with many of their associates. Their trial was followed by the enforced abdication of King Michael on December 30, 1947. The RCP moved swiftly to transform Romania, following the Soviet model and employing Stalinist norms and practices. All private enterprises were nationalized in June 1948, and in March 1949 the ownership of land was completely removed from private hands without compensation. The confiscated land was used to create state farms or organized into collectives. Peasant resistance to collectivization resulted in some 80,000 imprisonments, with 30,000 peasants tried in public. Collectivization was finally completed in 1962.
"Those Who Forget the Past are Doomed to Repeat It "
Neo Nazi propaganda jokes of an idiot Condor Airline pilot posted on his facebook July 2015, it says "alles Judde zum Geburtstag" ( meant alles Jutte zum Geburtstag ) translated best wishes zum Birthday.
65 % of the WWII War Criminals captured by the Americans and Brits were freed just a few years later by the Americans , some of whom such as the Chief of German Kriminalamt in Wiesebaden ( equivalent to FBI) were even reinstated to power some immigrated to US , Canada and S.America some even with Vatican's help. The rest were trialed through various Allied War Tribunals executed and other convicted to bvarious terms in prison . From the money they rubbed and murdered ethnics those Nazis started new comfortable lives in Germany,N.America, S.America and Western Europe such as Dr.Mengele's family.
92 % of the WWII War Criminals captured by Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries were trialled and eventually executed ,rest convicted to long terms prison.In Soviet Union and some of the Warsaw pact countries a great number of officers, soldiers and pilots were convicted of treason just because they fell in captivity were declared traitors some were executed and many sent to long term prison while their awards and property was confiscated . A specific number of those were rehabilitated post Stalin's death some as late as into the 70's and 80's . A great number of ex Soviet POW's once liberated from German and Romanian prison camp were sent to Straffbats many of whom died on the battle fields. Sone of those were HSU recepients out of whom also pilot aces. Soviet pilots and officers who joined Valsow's Army were also executed in due course.
In Romania more than 61 % of the captured war criminals of the Romanian Army were trialled executed or convincted to long term in prison. The rest became communists and some vanished in due course within the Romanian society . A great number of German war criminals worked for the Soviet and US space programs , other for OSS later on for CIA the remaining for US Armed Forces.
United States was and remained a double standard acting Nation which reinstated to power more Nazi war criminals than any other Nation.
Romania didn't start WWII nor had Auschwitz & Treblinka like death camps on its territory, however was one of the closest Hitler complices which was never properly condemned and judged for the murderous role of its Army in WWII in Romania, Moldova, Bessarabia,Ukraine ,Crimea and Hungary.
Last who laugh ,laugh best !
Germany – Russia 1939 / 1941
End of the "Escu" and their friends Krautescus era ,ending up digging own graves
70th Anniversary of great victory against the evil ,glory the heros and the veterans who fought in WWII
I hope my presentation inspired you and if also was reflecting your own views , kindly recommend it further, please ckeck for more updates, and for those who still underestimate the might of the Russian soul take a look at some basic examples beneath ,sit back and relax !