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Molecules 2013, 18(4), 3745-3759; doi:10.3390/molecules18043745
In Situ Formation of Steroidal Supramolecular Gels Designed for Drug Release
Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 25 February 2013 / Revised: 19 March 2013 / Accepted: 21 March 2013 / Published: 25 March 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Steroids)
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AbstractIn this work, a steroidal gelator containing an imine bond was synthesized, and its gelation behavior as well as a sensitivity of its gels towards acids was investigated. It was shown that the gels were acid-responsive, and that the gelator molecules could be prepared either by a conventional synthesis or directly in situ during the gel forming process. The gels prepared by both methods were studied and it was found that they had very similar macro- and microscopic properties. Furthermore, the possibility to use the gels as carriers for aromatic drugs such as 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, pyrazinecarboxamide, and antipyrine was investigated and the prepared two-component gels were studied with regard to their potential applications in drug delivery, particularly in a pH-controlled drug release.
Keywords: organogel; acid-responsive; cholesterol; in situ gelation; drug release
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Bunzen, H.; Kolehmainen, E. In Situ Formation of Steroidal Supramolecular Gels Designed for Drug Release. Molecules 2013, 18, 3745-3759.View more citation formats
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Bunzen H, Kolehmainen E. In Situ Formation of Steroidal Supramolecular Gels Designed for Drug Release. Molecules. 2013; 18(4):3745-3759.Chicago/Turabian Style
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Health & Balance
Everyone Loves Crime -- on TV
On any given night, Americans are glued to their TV sets to watch the good guys trying to catch the bad ones.
On Sunday night, there's CBS's Cold Case, where detectives solve crimes from the past and on Monday's, there is NBC's Medium, a series in which a soccer mom/psychic helps the district attorney with local murders and abductions. And just about every other night of the week, there is some version of CBS's Crime Scene Investigation (CSI), where savvy investigators use high-tech forensics, such as DNA profiling, to solve cases, or NBC's Law and Order and its various spin-offs.
Recommended Related to Mind, Body, Spirit
Become An 'I' Specialist, Improve Yourself
By Hayley Krischer Everyone has that New Age-y person in their life who makes existential statements like, "If you don' t know yourself, you're not living." Or, "If you don't know yourself, you can't live your truth." And you're always like, "I do know myself. I know I want a dirty martini extra olives, and I want one now." Then you get home and you ask yourself, "Why have I had three bad breakups in a year?" Or, "Why have I been so unhappy lately?" Or, "Why do I keep spending endless amounts of...
Read the Become An 'I' Specialist, Improve Yourself article > >
Move Over Reality TV
It seems that these days such crime dramas are the new must-see TV. The new spate of crime shows are now giving TiVos and digital video recording devices a workout as millions of Americans can't seem to get enough. But why are we so sucked in to these shows?
"When I was young, we had cowboys and Indians and white hats and black hats to separate the good guys and bad guys," says Los Angeles-based psychotherapist Robert Butterworth, PhD. "In a sense, [the new spate of crime shows] are souped-up versions of morality plays because bad guys get caught by good guys and its done in combination with contemporary science." Developed in the late 14th century and flourishing throughout the 16th century, morality plays typically comprise personifications of good and evil as they struggle for a man's soul.
With threats of terrorism and natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina and Rita, "people are anxious in an uncertain world and today they may get the message that bad guys do win and these shows show that they don't," says Butterworth. "Modern technology makes it so crime doesn't pay and that is the ultimate premise -- 'we will get you, and we will use whatever tools we have to get you,'" he says.
Take Cold Case, for example. In this show, the detectives spend their time solving cases that have occurred months, years, or decades ago. The message here is that "time passes and that doesn't mean that you're off the hook," he says.

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The cast of Perserverance Theatre's adaptation of Homer's "The Odyssey" appear in the opening scene of the play in September 1989. The theater opens its 2005 season Sept. 2 with "The People's Temple," a play based on the Jonestown massacre in Guyana.
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Amen to that!
Type: Posts; User: kake1972
Amen to that!
I cannot believe someone is actually sticking up for vick. I won't even capitalize that pig's name! As for him becoming a Viking...... I live in Green Bay, so I guess that's where my support would go.
I am a Viking fan in Green Bay, and the hot topic here is Favre going to the Vikes. I'm not saying I would like it (although would probably get to see more Vike games here!), but I wouldn't really...
1. Location: Green Bay WI
2. Favorite Current Viking: Darren Sharper
3. Favorite Former Viking: John Randall
4. Other teams in the NFL you root for? Browns (like underdogs I guess!)
5. Other...


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Helsinki, Finland -- Receding arctic ice from global warming may open new avenues for tourism and trade and could reveal vast new natural resource reserves, researchers say.
The northern ice cover is becoming smaller and thinner, and scientists predict the Arctic Ocean could lose its icecap completely during summertime by the end of the century at the latest, and possibly as early as the 2030s, Finland's Helsingen Sonomat reported.
Twenty years from now it may be possible to travel to the North Pole by ship, they say. Russia has already organized luxury cruises to the North Pole in its nuclear-powered icebreakers, but the next generation may be able to reach the top of the world in their pleasure boats, they say.
Twillingate, Newfoundland -- Residents of a Canadian town billed as "The Iceberg Capital of the World" said this year's lack of icebergs is hurting tourism and other industries.
Locals in Twillingate, Newfoundland, which boasts a population of 3,000 and regularly sees the number boosted to 30,000 during the tourism-heavy summer months, said many tourists have become angry after traveling to the island town and finding it in the midst of an iceberg shortage, the National Post reported Tuesday.
The residents said the icebergs are also crucial to the vodka, gin and rum industries as well as bottled water marketed in the Middle East.
Washington -- The American Bird Conservancy and similar organizations in 12 countries say they have started a tourism initiative aimed at saving endangered bird species.
The international project, called "Conservation Birding," is designed to help finance bird reserves across the Americas by developing them as birding tourism destinations with lodges, trails and other facilities for visitors, the conservancy said.
Officials said they have so far created 36 reserves, 18 of which can provide visitor accommodations. The reserves provide refuge for more than 2,000 bird species -- nearly half of the total found across all the Americas, the ABC said, noting many of the reserves also provide wintering habitats for migratory song birds.
Miami -- Tourism in the Sunshine State of Florida has dropped sharply 13 months after the U.S. recession took hold, a travel research firm said.
The critical tourism yardstick of revenue per available hotel room dropped 14 percent in Broward County and 16 percent in Miami-Dade County in January, Smith Travel Research said.
Room bookings picked up for a Jan. 8 college football championship game, "but then it hits us," said Ralph Abravaya, owner of the Cavalier Hotel in South Beach, Fla., The Miami Herald reported Wednesday.
Some had hoped the newly renovated Fontainebleau and 400 rooms added to the Epic Hotel would generate some business, the newspaper said.
"People still intend to travel. They just don't have the money to spend they had in the past," Nick Grossman, tourism director for Broward County said.
Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed by investment experts on themoneytimes.com are their own, and not that of the website or its management. TheMoneyTimes advises users to check with certified experts before taking any investment decision.
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Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor
University of California Press, Apr 25, 2003 - Social Science - 419 pages
Pathologies of Power uses harrowing stories of life—and death—in extreme situations to interrogate our understanding of human rights. Paul Farmer, a physician and anthropologist with twenty years of experience working in Haiti, Peru, and Russia, argues that promoting the social and economic rights of the world's poor is the most important human rights struggle of our times. With passionate eyewitness accounts from the prisons of Russia and the beleaguered villages of Haiti and Chiapas, this book links the lived experiences of individual victims to a broader analysis of structural violence. Farmer challenges conventional thinking within human rights circles and exposes the relationships between political and economic injustice, on one hand, and the suffering and illness of the powerless, on the other.
Farmer shows that the same social forces that give rise to epidemic diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis also sculpt risk for human rights violations. He illustrates the ways that racism and gender inequality in the United States are embodied as disease and death. Yet this book is far from a hopeless inventory of abuse. Farmer's disturbing examples are linked to a guarded optimism that new medical and social technologies will develop in tandem with a more informed sense of social justice. Otherwise, he concludes, we will be guilty of managing social inequality rather than addressing structural violence. Farmer's urgent plea to think about human rights in the context of global public health and to consider critical issues of quality and access for the world's poor should be of fundamental concern to a world characterized by the bizarre proximity of surfeit and suffering.
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Wheaton Franciscan drops HMO
Managed Health Services likely to leave Racine County
Managed Health Services, one of the two largest Medicaid HMOs, was dealt a setback last week when Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare opted not to renew its contract with the company.
The health care system's decision is expected to force Managed Health Services to exit the market in Racine County.
About 4,000 people in Racine County are enrolled in health maintenance organizations run by Managed Health Services, said Linda McKnew, chief executive of Managed Health Services.
They will be able to move to competing HMOs that contract with the state to manage the health care of families and children insured through the Medicaid and BadgerCare programs.
Managed Health Services' three major competitors in southeastern Wisconsin are run by United Healthcare, Children's Hospital and Health System and Abri Health Plan.
Losing access to Wheaton Franciscan's system will have less effect in Milwaukee County, McKnew said. About 600 people in its HMO are patients of Wheaton Franciscan Medical Group.
Wheaton Franciscan's decision, though, could affect independent physicians who practice at its hospitals.
About 19,000 people enrolled HMOs managed by Managed Health Services used Wheaton Franciscan's services last year, either through a referral from an independent physician or one employed by the health care system, Wheaton Franciscan said.
Wheaton Franciscan's move comes about one year after Managed Health Services opted not to renew its contract with Aurora Medical Group, which employs about 675 physicians in eastern Wisconsin. That led to about 20,000 people moving to competing HMOs.
Coreen Dicus-Johnson, the senior vice president who oversees contract negotiations and billing for Wheaton Franciscan, said the health care system can become more efficient by contracting with fewer HMOs that specialize in managing the care of people insured through the Medicaid and BadgerCare programs.
"Everybody has a different set of rules on what's payable," she said.
Dicus-Johnson stressed that Wheaton Franciscan was not trying to limit the number of patients who get health care through state programs.
"What we told the state is, 'We want every single one of our patients. What can we do to make sure we keep them?' " she said.
Wheaton Franciscan has entered into an agreement with Independent Physicians Network to work together in contracting with Medicaid HMOs and managing patients.
Medicaid HMOs must maintain adequate networks of doctors and hospitals under their contracts with the state.
Managed Health Services contracts with more than 700 doctors in Milwaukee County, McKnew said, and its network meets the state's requirements.
Racine will be different.
"We most likely will have to leave the Racine market," she said.
Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare-All Saints is the largest hospital in Racine County, and Wheaton Franciscan Medical Group employs about 130 doctors in that market.
Revised network
Managed Health Services will submit a revised network to the state next week, the Department of Health and Family Services said. The state will then review the HMO's network.
Doctors who practice at Wheaton Franciscan hospitals and who belong to Managed Health Services' network will still be able to admit patients to those hospitals, McKnew said.
Managed Health Services also contracts with Aurora's hospitals, although Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center is no longer accepting patients in Medicaid HMOs except when they require specialized services.
Still, Wheaton Franciscan's decision not to renew its contract with the HMO network could benefit HMOs run by UnitedHealthcare, Children's and Abri that compete with Managed Health Services.
"With this split, all three plans will pick up quite a bit because all three contract with Wheaton," said Michael Repka, executive director and chief executive of Independent Physicians Network, which oversees contracting for 1,000 doctors.
Managed Health Services has 131,451 people in Wisconsin, including 70,755 in Milwaukee County, enrolled in its health plans as of this month.
That includes people enrolled in Network Health Plan, an HMO that Managed Health Services runs through a subcontract.
That's down from 164,800 at the end of last year.
Managed Health Services, founded by the late Betty Brinn in 1984 and now a unit of Centene Corp., was one of the first HMOs in the country to specialize in managing the care of people insured through the Medicaid program.
That has since become a fast-growing and profitable niche for health insurers.
Centene, based in St. Louis, had revenue of $2.3 billion last year - up from $461.5 million in 2002 - and operates in seven states.
Milwaukee couple work to combine beer, breakfast and a boutique
Savage On Wheels: Mazda CX-9 stacks up well against luxury brands
Milwaukee lauded for cheap airfares
Income rises sharply for WaterStone Bank parent
Southwest Airlines still reeling from computer glitches
Phoenix affiliate buys La Perla building
Verizon near $5 billion deal to acquire Yahoo
Lender takes control of King Drive shopping center for future grocery
Business Wire
Recent national business updates from the Associated Press


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A search warrant resulted in two arrests Monday in Sunman.
Local News
ISP Arrests Two In Sunman On Multiple Drug Charges
COLUMN: Chamber Director Sounds Off On I-275/US 50 Gateway Plan
The I-275/US 50 gateway improvement plan has caused a bit of tension throughout the community.
Hoosiers Rally At Statehouse In Effort To Reform Education Laws
A statehouse rally today is calling attention to efforts to reform education in Indiana.
Retired Lawrenceburg Police K-9 Put To Rest
A recently retired canine with the Lawrenceburg Police Department has been put to rest.
Harrison Police Use Grant To Receive Life-Saving Unit
Thanks to a grant from a local business, the Harrison Police Department has a new tool that can save lives.
Boone Co. Launches Online Tool For County Financial Information
The Boone County Fiscal Court is set to launch a new online tool for county financial information.
Online Survey To Help With I-275/US 50 Gateway Proposal
Dearborn County residents are being asked to complete an online survey to help with potential upgrades to southeast Indiana's gateway.
Lt. Gov. Eric Holcomb Chosen As New GOP Gubernatorial Nominee
The Indiana Republican State Committee voted Tuesday to fill the gubernatorial vacancy left by Governor Mike Pence.
AUDIO: Lawrenceburg Resident At Democratic Convention As Delegate
A local resident is in Philadelphia as the Democratic National Convention is underway.
Indiana Unemployment Falls Below National Average In June
Indiana's unemployment rate saw a minimal increase in June.


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See? Scuttlebutt. That's what happens when you admit chat and gossip. And I was naughty adding to it, but I did have that ulterior motive in mind. Honest!
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text: It is well known that a current proportional to $J\propto\sin(\phi_1-\phi_2)$ flows when two superconductor with phases $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ are connected. Also, a current which depends on the phases according to $\sin[(\phi_1-\phi_2)/2]$ is claimed to be fractional Josephson effect (which is believed to be a signature of Majorana fermions). But I see that even with two s-wave superconductors connected through a barrier, the current could be proportional to $\sin[(\phi_1-\phi_2)/2]$ (see for instance - http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9811026) when the barrier is zero. I do not understand this well. Does it mean that $J\propto\sin(\phi_1-\phi_2)$ is true only in the large barrier limit ? Then, what is holy about fractional Josephson current?


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The Middleburg Synthetic Tall Field Boot has the look and feel of a premium leather boot, yet offers easy care and a budget-friendly price. This well-constructed synthetic leather field boot flatters you leg with a contoured shaft and ankle as well as a high-cut Spanish top. It will take you from lessons to the show ring with its classic styling.
Tredstep™ Raphael Boots define a new category of tall boots with a refined design and enhanced performance that flatters you no matter your discipline. These luxurious boots are fashioned of exquisite Italian analine calf leather with a full grain leather lining and a high performance outsole. An elegant profile and super-close fit is achieved by the discreetly covered rear stretch panel on the inside and top gusset.
The Ariat® Ladies' Quantum Crowne Pro Zip Field Boot gives you all the features of a custom boot at the price of a ready-made boot. It features Cobalt Quantum Technology™ to reduce foot fatigue and deliver superior performance and control. This field boot is styled with a high Spanish cut topline, punched toe cap and swagger tabs with enamel logo hardware. Tall height.
The Mountain Horse® Ladies' Fiorentina Tall Boot with Prolaze-Flexnotch™ technology combines comfort, style and convenience. Lined in pigskin napa leather, this zip tall boot allows for a comfortable, heels-down position. A hidden elastic panel supports a custom-like fit against the calf. IPS shock-absorbing technology in the heel helps prevent fatigue.
The elegant Mountain Horse® Ladies' Sovereign Field Boot in premium full-grain leather supports a comfortable heels-down position. Leather-lined, it has a rear zipper, hidden elastic for a contoured fit, high Spanish top, fixed elastic lacing, spur rest and protective heel cover with snap to safeguard the zipper. Ergonomic insole and durable, grippy outsole.
Stylish and comfortable, our Middleburg™ Ladies' Square Toe Leather Field Boot has a discreet elastic back panel and rear zipper for a great in-saddle look. This field boot has a moderate Spanish top, convenient no-tie laces and a punched toe cap on the trendy square toe.
Mountain Horse® Firenze Zip Dress Boots are versatile, all-around boots appropriate for both schooling and showing. A great value, these boots have a full-length zipper for easy on/off. An elastic gusset allows for a comfortable and snug fit.
The Middleburg™ Ladies' Dressage Boot represents a great value in a comfortable, stylish dressage boot. This thoughtfully-designed riding boot makes a seamless transition from schooling to competition. Lined in supple leather, it has a roomy round toe, leather-covered gusset, moderate Spanish top, front zipper with top keeper and dual spur rest.


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, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp 307-330
First online:
Nest site choice compensates for climate effects on sex ratios in a lizard with environmental sex determination
- J. Sean DoodyAffiliated withInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra Email author
- , Enzo GuarinoAffiliated withInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra
- , Arthur GeorgesAffiliated withInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra
- , Ben CoreyAffiliated withInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra
- , Glen MurrayAffiliated withInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra
- , Michael EwertAffiliated withDepartment of Biology
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Theoretical models suggest that in changing environments natural selection on two traits, maternal nesting behaviour and pivotal temperatures (those that divide the sexes) is important for maintaining viable offspring sex ratios in species with environmental sex determination (ESD). Empirical evidence, however, is lacking. In this paper, we provide such evidence from a study of clinal variation in four sex-determining traits (maternal nesting behaviour, pivotal temperatures, nesting phenology, and nest depth) in Physignathus lesueurii, a wide-ranging ESD lizard inhabiting eastern Australia. Despite marked differences in air and soil temperatures across our five study sites spanning 19° latitude and 1200 m in elevation, nest temperatures did not differ significantly among sites. Lizards compensated for climatic differences chiefly by selecting more open nest sites with higher incident radiation at cooler sites. Clinal variation in the onset of nesting also compensated for climatic differences, but to a lesser extent. There was no evidence of compensation through pivotal temperatures or nest depth. More broadly, our results extend to the egg stage the life history prediction that behaviour is the chief compensatory mechanism for climatic differences experienced by species spanning environmental extremes. Furthermore, our study was unique in revealing that nest site choice influenced mainly the daily range in nest temperatures, rather than mean temperatures, in a shallow-nesting reptile. Finally, indirect evidence suggests that the cue used by nesting lizards was radiation or temperature (through basking or assessing substrate temperatures), not visual detection of canopy openness. We conclude that maternal nesting behaviour and nesting phenology are traits subject to sex ratio selection in P. lesueurii, and thus, must be considered among the repertoire of ESD species for responding to climate change.
Keywordslizard nest depth nest site choice nesting phenology Physignathus pivotal temperature temperature-dependent sex determination water dragon
Reference tools
- Title
- Nest site choice compensates for climate effects on sex ratios in a lizard with environmental sex determination
- Journal
Evolutionary Ecology
Volume 20, Issue 4 , pp 307-330
- Cover Date
- 2006-07
- 10.1007/s10682-006-0003-2
- Print ISSN
- 0269-7653
- Online ISSN
- 1573-8477
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- lizard
- nest depth
- nest site choice
- nesting phenology
- Physignathus
- pivotal temperature
- temperature-dependent sex determination
- water dragon
- Authors
- J. Sean Doody (1)
- Enzo Guarino (1)
- Arthur Georges (1)
- Ben Corey (1)
- Glen Murray (1)
- Michael Ewert (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- 2. Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-3700, USA


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Exmouth Harriers run well at Royal Haldon Trail Race
11:20 24 July 2014
There were several locations for Exmouth Harriers' activity on the week-end of July 12 and 13, writes Dave Eveleigh.
At the Ironbridge Runner Royal Haldon Trail Race, an event run on the Saturday evening over a five mile course, Andrew Johnson continued his good year by finishing first man in the Over-50 category and 16th overall with his time being 36:51.
One place ahead of Johnson was Chris Dupain with his fifth spot finish coming from a time of 36:00.
Also on the Saturday was the Otter Rail and River Run, in aid of playing field maintenance at Tipton St John. There Hannah Bown was 24th overall in 45:27 and second woman.
Richard Pyle was 42nd in 48:44. What competition there is amongst the ever extending ranks (and definition of) older veterans now! Mick Allen was 128th in 66:50, but only third Over-70. Well over 100 finished this one.
On the Sunday Richard Bishop tackled what was once the staple diet of the road runner, a 10-miler, now much less common. Richard was 12th of just under 100 in 66:12.


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Health & Pregnancy
Your Baby: Week 40
Hotspot: 475,630
Your baby is ready to eat, cry, breathe, and kick -- and meet you and Dad!
Hotspot: 500,225
Babies of both sexes may have little breast buds, which will shrink over time.
Hotspot: 245,205
If your baby is a boy, his testes have fully descended into his scrotum.
Hotspot: 98,665
Your baby is as hefty as a small watermelon: 7.25 lbs.
WebMD Medical Reference
Today on WebMD
Track your most fertile days.
Week-by-week pregnancy guide.
The signs to watch out for.
Are there ways to do it naturally?


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Teacher; Homework for today is...
Guy; You having a fukin lol-a-tron?
Guy; You having a fukin lol-a-tron?
dari DarkJedi Minggu, 02 April 2006
Trending Now
An enthusiastic person who 'laughs out loud'
you are such a lolatron!
dari Farge o'd Rabu, 28 September 2011


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Undergraduate Coordinator: Professor John McKelliget
Membership in a professional organization is an important component of your professional life and continuing education. Most professional organizations also have student chapters.
The first step to register as a professional engineer is to take the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam. It is advisable to take this exam within a couple of years of graduation. The ME department and the Francis College of Engineering will pay 75% of the application fee.
Graduate Coordinator: Professor Majid Charmchi


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Yo i got the Crazy Walabee last nite.
by swag2flyy January 25, 2011


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The American Legislative Exchange Council will push bills to protect failing charter schools, silence political speech and obstruct environmental protections.
William Rivers Pitt of Truthout: As far as actual policy substance goes, conventions carry as much weight as the party platform. They are television shows, period. Anyone can talk pretty; it's what you do that counts.
Best-selling author and broadcaster Laura Flanders interviews forward thinking people from the worlds of politics, business, culture and social movements on her internationally syndicated TV program, "The Laura Flanders Show." It airs weekly on KCET/LinkTV, FreeSpeech TV, and in English and Spanish in teleSUR. Flanders is also a contributing writer to The Nation and YES! Magazine ("Commonomics") and a regular guest on MSNBC. She is the author of six books, including The New York Times best-seller, BUSHWOMEN: Tales of a Cynical Species (Verso, 2004) and Blue GRIT: True Democrats Take Back Politics from the Politicians (Penguin Press, 2007). "The Laura Flanders Show" first aired on Air America Radio from 2004 to 2008. You can find all her archives and more at Lauraflanders.com or via Twitter @GRITlaura.


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On location in BurbankJournal Entry: Sat Oct 1, 2011, 3:05 PM
- Listening to: The Browncoats Mix Tape
- Reading: DC The New 52
- Watching: GI Joe Resolute
- Playing: Battlefield 3 PS3 Beta
- Drinking: Gatorade
Relocation is pretty much complete. I'm in Burbank now. Yep, I'm here working on digital comics and content for DCE. It's been a crazy year preparing for this. And now that I'm here I've been incredibly busy ever since the move. DC has been making some big moves lately. The New 52 has been an incredible success! I wish I could have been a part of it, but I work exclusively on digital stuff now (and the occasional custom work). Then there was the most recent announcement with our exclusive deal with the new Amazon Kindle Fire to feature some of our most popular collections and graphic novels. I share the same office space with the team responsible for "digitizing" these books for your devices and they're doing an amazing job. They spend late nights here in the office doing this and the support and reception from our loyal readers is great!
Speaking of the new office, it's so awesome! The lobby is a sight to behold: TV and movie costumes on display, a custom chess board made with DC Comics figures, a bunch of screens displaying commercials and video features of our properties, the custom lighting to whatever mood we want (after hours it's very blue, which alongside the frosted glass decor reminds me of the Fortress of Solitude) ... I definitely feel "DC" here. It was weird at first working in a much larger office than I'm used to. But I eventually got used to it. The other awesome thing about here is meeting new people! They're all great to interact and work with around the office. The Digital Team (where I work) quickly earned a reputation for our NERF gun collection. If it's your birthday, you better watch your back ...
So that's what I've been up to these past few months. Cranking away at a ton of new digital content for you all! Just recently we started a new tie-in digital series that I colored for the Fox tv show Fringe written by one of it's stars, Joshua Jackson. His story ties in directly to events from Season 3, so SPOILER ALERT if you're not caught up. I'm a HUGE fan of Fringe and is probably my most anticipated show returning this fall season! I've been so busy that I haven't been doing much personal art (I still have that unfinished piece I mentioned in my last post), but I hope to get back to it soon once work levels off at a point where I can relax! Next update I think I'll talk about which of the New 52 titles I'm reading and most excited for. Till next time, stay classy, internets ...
On location in Burbank by perpetualpandaWatch
©2011-2016 perpetualpanda
Didn't realize you were already at the office. Missed seeing ya when I passed through there yesterday. Was cool checking out the place!
Yeah, I had no idea you were at the office until Dustin told me you were there when he dropped off the pastries! And I can't believe you actually played B:AC! I've been avoiding the gameroom because I didn't want the game ruined for me. I already know too much from the digital comic! lol I just want the game to be as new as it can be when I play it on release day!


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By Megan Locke Simpson, Courier staff June 9, 2014
FORT Campbell, Ky. -- It's a typical Tuesday afternoon at Fort Campbell, and the inside of Garrison Headquarters is particularly quiet.
The peaceful atmosphere gave Garrison Command Sgt. Maj. Stephen Bower time to reflect on his tenure here. Bower will soon be leaving for a new assignment, and he invites the community to attend his Change of Responsibility ceremony at Garrison Headquarters, June 23 at 3 p.m.
The Soldier, with 26-years of service, admits that learning how to be a garrison command sergeant major required a certain learning curve after spending most of his career as an Infantryman, where he deployed to Uganda, Bosnia, Afghanistan and Iraq. However, being at the post on the Kentucky-Tennessee state line for the first time made it enjoyable.
"This is my first time at Fort Campbell," Bower said. "So I got here in July of 2012, and my experience here is just incredible."
Since his arrival nearly two years ago, Bower has learned much about the way a garrison and the Army as a whole operates. This knowledge gives him a much greater appreciation for all the members that make up the Army team.
"I will say before coming into this job, you take for granted what the civilian workforce does for the Soldiers," he said. "You know, the Army, there's Soldiers in there, but not necessarily the green-suiters or the Soldiers run the Army. Civilians run the Army. They're the continuity from one garrison sergeant major or garrison commander to the next."
In addition to the hard work of Department of Defense civilians, Soldiers and contractors, Bower sees the local area as what sets Fort Campbell apart from many other installations. It's also part of what makes the home of the 101st Airborne Division one of the Army's best duty assignments.
"Of all the installations I've been to, Fort Campbell and the local communities by far, they support the Soldiers more so than any others," he said. "… The community support puts an exclamation point on why Fort Campbell is successful, and why the vision is that you come here and your experience is so good that you want to return here, if the Army tells you [that] you have to leave, and then so much so, you want to retire here."
Bower said he's seen many positive changes on post since his arrival, such as the consolidation of important services into the town center location, and he expects this trend to continue.
"I think the transformation of Fort Campbell and where we're going with being an expeditionary post [are highlights] …," Bower explained.
After serving as a line of communication on the garrison side between unit command sergeants major and other noncommissioned officers, Bower offers simple advice to Soldiers across Fort Campbell: get out, explore and enjoy the opportunities available here.
"See Fort Campbell and the local surrounding communities and make this your best experience," he said. "… [The Army is] a great way to grow up in life and progress and raise a Family, believe it or not. There's a lot of hardship in there, but the Army offers a lot to a Soldier. So you just have to take advantage of that."
Bower will head to Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in New Jersey at the end of the month, where Army, Navy and Air Force units all reside.
"I'm from Maryland, so I'll be two and a half hours from home," he said. "Two and a half hours from where my kids go to school, go to college, so I'm looking forward to that.
"I will look back at Fort Campbell with very fond memories and a great experience … I'm glad I was here, and I'm glad had the opportunity to come to Fort Campbell."


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home > digestive disorders center > digestive disorders a-z list > heartburn article > heartburn topic guide
Heartburn Topic Guide
Heartburn: Heartburn is a common problem for most people. In general, it is intermittent. Symptoms of heartburn include a burning feeling in the chest, discomfort in the throat, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, and discomfort when lying down. Treatments, remedies, and relief for heartburn may be achieved with lifestyle changes, OTC, and prescription medications.
Hiatal Hernia Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through an opening of the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus. This can cause heartburn, gastroesophagel reflux, difficulty swallowing, pain, and other problems. Lifestyle changes like losing weight, exercising and diet modification are indicated, as well as prescription antacids like omeprazole.
Expert Views and News


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Talk:Hun Sen
|This article must adhere to the biographies of living persons policy, even if it is not a biography, because it contains material about living persons. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libellous. If such material is repeatedly inserted, or if you have other concerns, please report the issue to this noticeboard. If you are connected to one of the subjects of this article and need help, please see this page.
|WikiProject Biography / Politics and Government
|(Rated Start-class)
|WikiProject Cambodia
|(Rated Start-class, Top-importance)
- 1 Headline text
- 2 hun sen a puppet
- 3 Religion
- 4 Post 1993 political career section
- 5 Family name
- 6 Vandalism?
- 7 Lesbian daugther
- 8 Illegal with voting rights?
- 9 Article: Birth 1951 - next thing - leader 1979
- 10 This is all uncited
- 12 Info box
- 13 Call a spade a spade: Dictator Hun Sen
- 14 A small but apparently controversial thing
- 15 Clean up and progress
- 16 suitable links
- 17 External links modified
- 18 External links modified
Headline text[edit]
Hello, can anyone tell me how I can e mail the office of Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen ? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 2004 184.108.40.206 (talk • contribs) 09:05, 15 December.
It does not matter because the whole gov't is corrupt anyways I believe, so any attempts will be ignored. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 184.108.40.206 (talk • contribs) 21:05, 13 January 2006.
hun sen a puppet[edit]
What sources can be given that say he is a puppet of Hanoi? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 220.127.116.11 (talk • contribs) 20:59, 13 January 2006.
Every history of Cambodia not written by Vietnam. He was put in power by the Vietnamese army and he was kept in power by the Vietnamese until they finally left the country. He isn't really a puppet anymore, he is just a standard second-rate political strongman controlling a rotten government. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 220.127.116.11 (talk • contribs) 05:41, 20 April 2006.
Does anyone know if Hun Sen has any religious affiliation? Being an ex-communist, one might assume not. But being the leader of a deeply Buddhist state, one might assume so. Any knowledge on the subject is welcome. Picaroon9288 19:15, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
Post 1993 political career section[edit]
I have removed this section from the body of the article because it is written in very poor English and is full of uncited facts, POV and Original Research. The only reason I did not totally delete is that there seems to be some useful material that could be salvaged by fact-checking, citing sources and removing POV. I don't have the time but maybe somebody else can clean this up and incorporate it back into the article.--WilliamThweatt 15:57, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
- Political Life post-1993 election
- The 1993 election sponsored by the UN saw Hun Sen came second, after FUNCINPEC Party. Despite this result, Hun Sen refused to hand over power, and demanded power-sharing with the winning party. He threatened to start civil war should he failed to gripe on to power. Finally, due to some political wrangling within the FUNCINPEC Party itself and the facts that the bulk to the Cambodian military is under Hun Sen control, the Prime ministership was shared between the two men: Ranarriddh as first PM, Hun Sen as second. It was the first ever such power sharing arrangement anywhere in the world, and few believed the alliance would hold. During that time til 1997, the alliance continually showed signs of crack and disagreement, and the government achieved little if anything. Both parties focuses on building a strong military of its own, and in 1997, a war broke out in the centre of the city. The war is a coup by Hun Sen to depose his first PM.
The section above is substantially true, though the language is POV heavy. Hun Sen actually threatened to succeed the eastern provinces of Cambodia if CPP were not part of the new government. I'll hunt for some good sources. Paxse 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
- From then on, Hun Sen went on to become a great tactitian, oppressor, democrat, entrepreneur, military leader, economic leader, chess master, spiritual leader, and above all else, the strongman of Cambodia. No one - no one - can touch him. His political fortune rises and rises. He is feared and loved everywhere. He is feard because at times, he is very evil - he constantly issued death threats, he stated that he would choose war over anything should he loses power, and he is known to be mad. He is loved because he is decisive and the best leader Cambodia could have among the current politicians.
Nothing to salvage here. Paxse 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
- In 2003, Hun Sen won the election for the 3rd term of the government, termed by internation observers as free and fair. Yet, the oppositions: the Sam Rainsy Party, and the FUNCINPEC Party disputed the result, alleging intimidation and vote buying. The next couple of months after the election, a huge demonstration organized by the Opposition took place in front of the National Assembly in Phnom Penh to protest the result of the election. At first, Hun Sen's attitude towards the demonstration was peaceful and even boasted that he would let them demonstrate as much as they wish, because he was still the PM and as long as the new government was not formed, he remained PM indefinitely. This attitude took a swift turn when his motorcade was attacked in Siem Reap, and he barely escaped death in that attack. He offered $100,000 and forgave anyone who confessed the act. (There was no record that anyone came out to confess despite this huge sum of money). He returned to Phnom Penh, and immediately ordered the demonstration, which was by then into its second month, to be dispersed or he will use force to disperse them. 2 days later, police, miliary and fire-fighter truck arrived at the scene and forcefully remove demonstrators. Several were killed, a large numbers were injured, and several were arrested, and some died in custody due to internal bleeding from torture. Phnom Penh became locked down, and curfew were imposed. Pro-opposition monks were dethrobe, and some were beaten. Gun shots were heard here and there and the city is completely chaotic.
The first few lines are correct but the curfew, defrocking, chaos etc are exaggerated. Paxse 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
The above section is incorrect: The writer is referring to 1998, not 2003. What happened in 2003 was entirely different.220.127.116.11 (talk) 04:35, 27 July 2009 (UTC)
- Some months later, miraculuously, Ranariddh broke his opposition to the election result and decided to join the new government. The newly formed coalition took shape shortly after, with Hun Sen retaining his PM post, and Ranarridh acquiring the Speaker of the National Assembly post. This stunted the Sam Rainsy party, and left it the sole opposition party in the new government. The SRP accused Ranarridh of accepting $30 million bribes and a private jet for him joining the government.
This was the story at the time and may be correct - naturally no evidence is available.Paxse 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
- In 2006, Hun Sen and Ranariddh broke out, and Hun Sen said publicly that it is hard for him to work with Ranariddh. On 18 Oct, Ranariddh was deposed as FUNCINPEC leader, and he was replaced by Keo Puth Reasmey, a hardly known Cambodia Ambassador to Germany.
This is correct. I will try to find some sources and add the useful parts of the above back to the article. William, I heartily agree with your concerns. However, I would have preferred to work on the section in situ - rather than cutting and pasting it into the talk page and then trying to put it back. Paxse 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
Family name[edit]
What is his family name? Hung or Sen? Or Hung Sen? Or he got no surname? Wasabian 11:05, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
- The family name comes first in Cambodia - so his kids are Hun Toe, Hun Mana, Hun Malis etc. Sen is what his Mum called him when he was a little boy :) Paxse 18:43, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
- As in most of the Far East, the family name comes first ... which is the same order that names appear in telephone and other directories in the West. Where mixed traditions exist (as in Hong Kong); the family name may be first if they follow the Chinese style or last if they adopt Western style. In this case, they usually use the Western order (family name last) if they adopt a Western given name (such as "Tommy Wong") or the Eastern style if using their Chinese name (say, "Wong Cheung-kwok"). However, this can be confusing if they give both given names such as "Wong Cheung-kwok (Tommy)." In such cases, it is common to capitalize or underline the family name to avoid confusion such as: "WONG Cheung-kwok (Tommy)." Enquire 2007-11-05
- The family name comes first in Cambodia - so his kids are Hun Toe, Hun Mana, Hun Malis etc. Sen is what his Mum called him when he was a little boy :) Paxse 18:43, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
The recent edits by 220.127.116.11 seem to have replaced the article with text about someone else. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 07:06, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
A certain user Symo.kh seems keen on white washing Hun Sen´s violent passed and his recent questionable acts as a 'prime minister'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 02:51, 23 September 2011 (UTC)
Lesbian daugther[edit]
It sems, that the news are mashed up and cripplet the real background. It look like it is not because she is a lesbian. The the apell for tolerance made then no sense. It's because she make other troubles. (Finance or Bombs or both)
- http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Cambodian-PM-cuts-ties-with-gay-daughter/2007/10/30/1193618882924.html
- http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-5900.html
- http://uk.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUKBKK11415620071031
--Fg68at de:Disk 01:26, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
Illegal with voting rights?[edit]
It looks like an oximoron...--Againme (talk) 19:49, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
Article: Birth 1951 - next thing - leader 1979[edit]
Born April 4, 1951 Appointed as foreign minister 1979 Maybe something happened in between - something to do with belonging to the Khymer Rouge? 18.104.22.168 (talk) 14:38, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
Agreed something needs to be done about his early life and involvement in the Khmer Rouge -- Gramscis cousin (talk) 17:07, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
This article appears to be a whitewash of a thoroughly evil man. It's widely believed here (in southern Thailand) that his involvement with the Khmer Rouge continued right up to the point it became evident the movement's days were numbered. He abruptly "escaped" to Vietnam in 1979 and began the process of buying his way into the leadership role he enjoys now. I should be very interested in other points of view on this take. (kentfx 05:57, 29 November 2009 (UTC)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kentfx (talk • contribs)
This is all uncited[edit]
Where are the citings for this article. How can it make comments like this:
" He was a former Khmer Rouge who escaped to Vietnam before 1979 in order to call for the Vietnamese to overthrow the Khmer Rouge government. Since the restoration of multi-party democracy in 1993, the CPP has been in a coalition with the royalist Funcinpec party."
He called for nothing. The vietnamese invasion was the result of the Khmer Rouge attempting to regain land in South Vietnam. I'd also question the use of the term 'democracy' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 01:38, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
- It's democracy, Jim, but not as we know it.
- To be fair to Hun Sen, the country is a lot freer than many others in Southeast Asia. There are regular elections and the results are not actually a foregone conclusion; the press is pretty free, in fact it's often pretty libelous; and roads and schools and clinics do get built. All this is to Hun Sen's credit. On the other hand, it's not exactly Sweden out there. The elections are the occasion for massive bribery and coercion, especially in the rural areas (less so in the cities), the elite are deeply corrupt and don't give a damn about the poor (if those roads and schools get built it's in order to bribe the village elites who control local vote-blocs), and the lives of journalists can be abruptly terminated (though a jail term is more usual). It's a mixed picture, and simply calling HS a dictator doesn't begin to give the flavour of the complexities involved. The interesting part will start when he leaves the scene and others, probably less politically adept, take over. PiCo (talk) 08:43, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
Killing political opponents, union leaders and actresses are not exactly a democratic procedure are they? Besides, Hun Sen calls himself a dictator, who will remain in power until he is 90. Notice how he always talks about himself in third person, Hun Sen this and Hun Sen that, psychologist would have a field day with him. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uij_Hj2uf10&feature=related http://pisethpilika.free.fr/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVQ9kQ-sfPs — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 14:11, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
The article is too biased towards negative aspects of the Cambodian government. Editors should stick to writing about the individual, the stuff about the administration should be moved/merged into the article on the government. — Nearly Headless Nick {C} 06:58, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
- @Nearly Headless Nick, thanks for the advice and correcting my edit. Upon reflection, I agree it is not best suited on the individuals page. What page do you think would be suitable for a piece on government corruption? Government_of_cambodia? 4JackInTheBox (talk) 09:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
- I think a neutrally worded article on Corruption in Cambodia should do fine. But remember, allegations are simply allegations, Wikipedia has no place for speculation, we must give due consideration to WP:V, WP:RS, WP:WEIGHT and WP:NOR/WP:SYN. — Nearly Headless Nick {C} 09:48, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
- A couple of points to ponder. 1)If a person/government IS corrupt, writing about it is not bias. 2)For all intents and purposes, Hun Sen IS the Cambodian government; if not for his position as the Strongman in charge of Cambodia, he would be non-notable. Thus, the "writing about the individual" is not nearly as relevant as the "stuff about the administration". (See for an example Richard Nixon where the vast majority of the article is about his politics and administration.) The well-documented and wide-spread corruption relating to Hun Sen and his grip on power as well as his close ties to Viet Nam are inseparable from any article about him. Now having said that, I agree that we must give due consideration to WP:V, WP:RS, WP:WEIGHT and WP:NOR/WP:SYN. I guess what I'm trying to say is that any article written about the Cambodian government or Hun Sen might seem "biased towards the negative" but that's just because that is the reality of the topic. To not write about it or to have a "sanitized" article just about his personal life would be biased in the other direction. Just some things to think about.--William Thweatt Talk | Contribs 00:10, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
- Agree with you in principle about the policies. However, to make claims such as "he is corrupt" should be backed by multiple reliable sources. The more exceptional the claim, the more exceptional the sources should be. The sources should also mention who made the allegation (most allegations would not qualify, unless they pass the muster at WP:DUE and WP:BLP). Something like "Hun Sen is the Cambodian government" will not go through unless it's a widely held view published in independent, reliable, mainstream and scholarly sources. Remember, Verifiability, not the truth. — Nearly Headless Nick {C} 00:15, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
- A couple of points to ponder. 1)If a person/government IS corrupt, writing about it is not bias. 2)For all intents and purposes, Hun Sen IS the Cambodian government; if not for his position as the Strongman in charge of Cambodia, he would be non-notable. Thus, the "writing about the individual" is not nearly as relevant as the "stuff about the administration". (See for an example Richard Nixon where the vast majority of the article is about his politics and administration.) The well-documented and wide-spread corruption relating to Hun Sen and his grip on power as well as his close ties to Viet Nam are inseparable from any article about him. Now having said that, I agree that we must give due consideration to WP:V, WP:RS, WP:WEIGHT and WP:NOR/WP:SYN. I guess what I'm trying to say is that any article written about the Cambodian government or Hun Sen might seem "biased towards the negative" but that's just because that is the reality of the topic. To not write about it or to have a "sanitized" article just about his personal life would be biased in the other direction. Just some things to think about.--William Thweatt Talk | Contribs 00:10, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
- I found extracts from many newspapers in which Hun Sen acknowledged and responded to the bribery allegations (and subsequent investigation by US government) (HERE) but denied that corruption had taken place. However he admitted to signing the original deal with BHP (HERE). Hence why I thought his page may be appropriate. Statements such as "Hun Sen is the Cambodian government" are not relevant in highlighting a newsworthy investigation. 4JackInTheBox (talk) 11:36, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
- One of the sources you have quoted is a blog post and cannot be considered a reliable source. Please see Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources. The other source claims that the US authorities were probing payments. Hun Sen said it was meant for a social fund. That is a fact. But we have to be careful whist representing multiple sources in an article so as to ensure that none of what is stated is original synthesis. Thanks. — Nearly Headless Nick {C} 11:49, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
- I found extracts from many newspapers in which Hun Sen acknowledged and responded to the bribery allegations (and subsequent investigation by US government) (HERE) but denied that corruption had taken place. However he admitted to signing the original deal with BHP (HERE). Hence why I thought his page may be appropriate. Statements such as "Hun Sen is the Cambodian government" are not relevant in highlighting a newsworthy investigation. 4JackInTheBox (talk) 11:36, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
About the claim of corrupt: If you would name then Hun Sen corrupt with "exceptional" source, then the implications will be that dozens of politicians (including in the US) can then "enjoy" to read the word "corrupt" in respective articles about them. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 10:47, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
And rightfully so, most politicians are corrupt. That is the problem with Wikipedia, not calling a spade a spade. Hun Sen is a dictator and most politicians are corrupt. I don´t see why blog posts should not be allowed, if they are well researched they are just as valuable as an ´official source´ whatever that may mean. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 14:18, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
The NPOV problem does not necessarily come out of whether Hun Sen is corrupt or not. The NPOV problem comes from the lack of balancing what are clearly failures (corruption) with achievements (role in getting rid of the Khmer Rouge and stabilizing the country). The article needs a section that includes his contributions as well as his shortcomings. Hun Sen abandoned failed and genocidal movement and helped get rid of -- and that does deserve credit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 22:58, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
Here in mid February 2014, the following info was inserted under 'Political career':
The controversial and widely disputed elections of July 2003 resulted in a larger majority in the National Assembly for the CPP, with FUNCINPEC losing seats to the CPP and the Sam Rainsy Party. However, CPP's majority was short of the two thirds constitutionally required for the CPP to form a government alone. This deadlock was overcome and a new CPP-FUNCINPEC coalition was formed in mid-2004. When Norodom Ranariddh was chosen to be Head of the National Assembly and Hun Sen became again sole Prime Minister of Cambodia.
In August 2013, Hun Sen announced he would continue with his aim to form a new government, even if the main opposition tried to block the process. The news came after both sides claimed victory in the 2013 general elections.[24] Also in August,in New York, a major, but largely unnoticed, demonstration held in front of the United Nations (UN) on August 19 by Cambodians and Buddhist monks was a crucial prelude to planned mass demonstrations in Phnom Penh later in September 2013 by opposition groups protesting the July elections and Hun Sen's response. Cambodians in the United States, Canada and elsewhere, joining hundreds of Buddhist Monks, to peacefully protest in front of the United Nations in New York City in opposition to Hun Sen's deployment of tanks and military and security forces in Phom Phenh and what they believed was his unwillingness to share political power with opposition groups and seriously address earlier voting fraud and election irregularities from the July 2013 election. [25] [26]
After the 2013 election results, disputed by Hun Sen's opposition, one person was killed and others injured during protests in Cambodia's capital, where a reported 20,000 protesters gathered, some clashing with riot police.[27] Following the opposition's two weeks in a row protests, in response, Hun Sen declares he will not step down from his position, nor will there be a re-election; further adding he was elected constitutionally.[28]
On September 7, 2013, tens of thousands of Cambodians, along with Buddhist monks and opposition groups, including Sam Rainsy's Cambodian National Rescue Party held peaceful mass demonstrations in Phnom Penh to protest the July 28 elections results which they claimed were flawed and marred by voting irregularities and potential fraud. The groups asked the United Nations to investigate and claimed that the elections results were not free and fair. [29] [30]
After the violent crackdown in Cambodia, manyCambodian Americans protest in Washington, D.C..[31]
On 3 January 2014, military police open fired at protesters, killing 4 people and injuring more than 20.[32] The United Nations and US State Department have condemned the violence.[33][34] US Congressman Ed Royce responded to the report of violence in Cambodia by calling for Hun Sen to step down and said the Cambodian people deserve a better leader.[35]
While some parts of this info might fit on a page about the individual of Hun Sen, most of it should be moved to othr pages like Cambodian general election, 2013, Elections in Cambodia or Government of Cambodia. 'Nearly Headless Nick' explained the reasons very well in his posts above. Will someone do the job?
RhinoMind (talk) 02:44, 19 February 2014 (UTC)
Info box[edit]
The info box seems quite incomplete. I added that he was prime minister alongside Norodom R. between 1993 and 1998. I will add this, otherwise, it doesn't make sense to state, he rules since 1985 in continuation. --Datu Dong (talk) 13:26, 23 October 2012 (UTC)
Call a spade a spade: Dictator Hun Sen[edit]
Hun Sen has ruled Cambodia violently over the past 28 years. There are no free elections, free press or freedom of speech in Cambodia. According to Wikipedia a dictatorship "is defined as an autocratic or authoritarian form of government in which a government is ruled by either an individual: a dictator, or an authoritarian party, as in an oligarchy." So we should call it what it is. Furthermore, he calls himself king, his complete honorary title Samdech Akeak Moha Sena Padey Decho Hun Sen which translates roughly as ´Greatest King of Kings Hun Sen´ (Khmer: សម្តេចអគ្គមហាសេនាបតីតេជោ ហ៊ុន សែន). The word ´samdech´ means ´king´, you can verify that with wiki of the real king of Cambodia, Sihamoni. In other words, he considers himself more important than the king.
Please let the truth about Cambodia be told. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 17:57, 28 September 2013 (UTC)
- Yes I do not think there is much doubt that Hun Sen is a dictator in the classic political sense. One editor here recently is removing that type of information from the article and saying that saying that it is not neutral. I am going to paraphrase the information differently and find other sources also. Do you have a news article on that thing you said Greatest King of Kings Hun Sen´ (Khmer: សម្តេចអគ្គមហាសេនាបតីតេជោ ហ៊ុន សែន). If a legit news article or book etc. is saying that then we can say it also. Did he invent his own title? No sense in sugar coating or white washing the article, its better to give the mainstream vantage on this and that. Earl King Jr. (talk) 22:28, 28 September 2013 (UTC)
- This seems like a reasonable way to explain Hun Sen that is backed up by mainstream media. Probably this is appropriate for the lead area since it reflects world opinion via the press.
Hun Sen is widely viewed as a dictator that has assumed authoritarian power in Cambodia using violence and intimation and corruption to maintain his power base.[1][2][3] Earl King Jr. (talk) 23:58, 28 September 2013 (UTC)
- For the record, "samdech" doesn't only mean king. A dictionary (Headley 1977) gives the meaning as "a powerful person; a title given to very high officials of a kingdom". Headly 1979 gives "nobleman or lord or a high honorific title that can be given to people of non-royal birth usually in recognition of great service to the nation" Chuon Nath's 1967 Khmer-Khmer dictionary gives:
សម្ដេច 1 ន. លោកអ្នកមានតេជះច្រើន, លោកអ្នកមានបុណ្យមានអំណាចធំ ។ គុ. ខ្ពង់ខ្ពស់, ឧដុង្គឧត្តម, ថ្កើងស័ក្តិ ថ្កើងអំណាច, ថ្កើងថ្កាន (សមតែនឹងយល់ថាក្លាយមកពី បា. សំ + តេជ ឬ សំ. សំតេជស៑ "ដែលមានតេជះខ្លាំង" ព្រោះខ្មែរបុរាណសរសេរជា សម្ដេជ ក៏មាន) ។ ពាក្យសម្រាប់ប្រើបន្ថែមលើព្រះនាម ឬលើឋានន្តរក្សត្រិយ៍ មន្រ្តីស័ក្តិខ្ពស់ : ព្រះបាទសម្តេចព្រះហរិរក្សរាមាឥស្សរាធិបតី...; សម្តេចព្រះមហាក្សត្រិយានី; សម្តេចព្រះឧបយុវរាជ; សម្តេចព្រះឧភយោរាជ; សម្តេចព្រះវររាជជននី; សម្តេចព្រះមហាឧបរាជ; សម្តេចព្រះសង្ឃរាជ; សម្តេចព្រះរៀម; សម្តេចព្រះអនុជ។ល។ សម្តេចចៅពញា ឋានន្តរសេនាបតី ទី ១ សម្រាប់ទោ (មានតែពីក្នុងសម័យបុរាណ) ។ល។ ជើង ដ. សំ-ដាច់
- The title breaks down to សម្ដេច "lord" អគ្គមហាសេនា "a highly stylized rendering equivalent to Prime Minister" បតីតេជោ "Supreme Commander of the military"....so basically "Lord Prime Minister, Supreme Commander of the Military Hun Sen". Now, title aside, I agree that he is a strongman/dictator who stays in power by unfair elections and purging popular opponents and enemies when necessary. However as an encyclopedia (which only conveys what others have written) and a WP:BLP article, we need really good sources to flatly say "he is a dictator". Otherwise we need to distance WP from the appearance of accusations and make it explicit that it is not WP that has deemed him to be a dictator but that "Reuters (etc.) has referred to him as a dictator". I have no problem with Earl King's wording above.--William Thweatt TalkContribs 05:31, 29 September 2013 (UTC)
A small but apparently controversial thing[edit]
In the section on Hun Sen's Political Career, a sentence reads:
"Hun Sen has vowed to rule Cambodia until he is 74."
In an effort to clean up this page for badly or completely unsourced statements, I opted for a source on this one. It has stirred a somewhat heated discussion, since some people feels this is "common knowledge" and as such, does not need a good source or explanation. Let me remind, that this is supposed to be an encyclopaedia and not a newspaper or open forum for political frustration for that matter.
When reading the sources on this particular statement carefully, all they reveal is that Hun Sen said he is planning and hoping to win three more national elections, before finally stepping down at the age of 74. And in that context he even explicitly says, that it will be up to the Cambodian people, to decide on this in a democratic way. Citation:
"I rule for so long because I started when I was young. What is the matter with working so long? It's up to the people who vote for me. If they don't vote for me, why should I stay?"
This is what he said. Everything else must necessarily be interpretations and while interpretations are fine and sometimes interesting, they cannot form the foundation of an encyclopaedia. They can be debated and expressed elsewhere, in a lot of fora.
One more note: When Hun Sen's statements are described with words like "stepping down", he can very well mean "leaving politics". Why? First, because there is no source or citation on what he actually have said, only journalistic interpretations are presented. Secondly, because it may very well be a reckless mistake in the translation. And thirdly, it might be an effort to intentionally distort actual statements for political gains.
A personal comment: To me all evidence points towards this as a completely normal and everyday political statement, that have been blown out of proportions. And there can be many reasons for this. If the statement needs to be mentioned at all in an encyclopaedian page on Hun Sen, at least it needs to be explained and sourced properly.
On this background, I am replacing the statement above with this more unbiased one:
"Hun Sen is hoping to rule Cambodia until he is 74."
And keeping in mind, that "ruling Cambodia" might in fact be a biased interpretation of a statement that originally said: "stay in politics". Another possibility is to cite the sources directly: "Hun Sen is planning to win at least three more national elections, before stepping down at the age of 74."
For the sake of documentation, I have copy-pasted the previous discussions on this single issue below:
RhinoMind (talk) 22:46, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
- Previous Discussion
- == Your revert on page:Hun Sen ==
- Hello. You reverted an edit of mine on page:Hun Sen and removed:
- "According to Reuters"
- in the Section on his political career, claiming he had vowed to rule Cambodia until 74 years of age.
- I am here to explain why you are wrong and why your revert will not be accepted.
- The page need a source on this claim and I put up a source needed template. The Reuters article was provided, along with a stupid comment, that it was "common knowledge". We all know that "common knowledge", is not a proper source for anything. well, anyway the Reuters source was provided.
- The Reuters source however, does nothing but mention the same claim, that is expressed in the article. The Reuters article does not cite Hun Sen or explain in what context he vowed (or said) that, they just happen to mention it. This is not a credible sourcing. Secondly the Reuters article only says that Hun Sen had vowed to rule until 74 years old, not that he vowed to rue Cambodia until he was 74 years old. This could very well be a reckless translation of him vowing to stay in politics until 74 years old, if he ever vowed to do anything in the first place. On this background I could have inserted a template of better source needed, but instead I choose to insert "According to Reuters", which is a better solution in my opinion.
- Your revert will be reverted on this background and if you want to discuss the issue, please comment below, as edit-wars are unwanted.
- PS. It may be that the claim is "common knowledge", but this would just make it easier to give a proper acceptable source, right? If this source can not be given, this "common knowledge" might in fact be wrong.
- You may think this is a small thing, but the page on Hun Sen, is filled with so many similar unsourced (or badly sourced) claims, that overall something must be done and every small bit counts towards improving the page to an acceptable level. I have started the clean up and you are welcome to join this project in a constructive way.
- I have been "working on this project" since 2005, so please dispense with the condescending attitude now. From what you wrote above I can't tell if English is not your first language or if you just don't understand the concept of reliable sourcing. And if you knew anything about Cambodia, its history and its politics, you'd know that this fact is fairly well established and the Reuters article is plenty sufficient to support its existence. In general the more outlandish or controversial a piece of text is, the more stringent the sourcing requirements should be. Although "common knowledge" doesn't need to be cited, I agree this isn't common knowledge, but for people who follow or are involved in Cambodian politics, this fact, as I said, is fairly well established (neither outlandish nor controversial). A quick google search reveals countless references for it. For example, here is a newspaper article directly addressing it. Throughout the years we've had many CPP supporters and Hun Sen apologists try to whitewash this article, which is just as unacceptable as edit-warring and unsourced fact. Aside from all of this, from a style standpoint, a sentence that is appended with a footnote attributing it to a particular source should not, in general, start with "According to (the source)"...that's just redundant and bad writing and why I reverted it. I'll update the article with this better source.--William Thweatt TalkContribs 08:40, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
Clean up and progress[edit]
Hello. In order to raise the standard of this article, it will need some clean-up. The article is clearly about the individual of Hun Sen, and as such, there is too much information about the government of Cambodia and the political party of CPP. While the info is probably important (and correct?), it will need to be moved to other and more suitable pages.
RhinoMind (talk) 17:10, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
PS. The links below belong to some of the posts above I guess? Can someone insert them in that post perhaps? RhinoMind (talk) 17:12, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
- Doubtful. Like what? Your comment does not really say anything specific. I suggest you to be specific about changes and bring to talk page here first before changing the article much. Earl King Jr. (talk) 04:14, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
- I am emphasizing the importance of the "living person biography" template at the very head of this talk-page. Go take a look at it. On top of that, I suggest taking a thorough look at the entire content of this article in order to raise the quality and meet the basic demands of truthfullness, referencing, notablity and neutrality. In this respect I have no specific content to debate of course, as it is a call for a general agenda. RhinoMind (talk) 02:45, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
suitable links[edit]
Hi! Here are a few links, that might be useful
Wikirictor (talk) 16:05, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
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- ^ http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/11/18/speak-truth-cambodias-dictator Retrieved September-29-2013
- ^ http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21566658-few-days-centre-stage-hun-sen-cambodias-dictator-may-not-be-entirely-welcome-tenth-out Retrieved September-29-2013
- ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/18/us-cambodia-hunsen-analysis-idUSBRE98H04K20130918 Retrieved September-29-2013
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Left Masthead
July 29, 2016
Low Wage Workers in New York City Speak Out
Posted on Jul 2, 2013
A 25-year-old fast food worker from the Brownsville section of Brooklyn went on record in the newspaper of record to say that life earning just above minimum wage is not desirable for herself or her children.
Shenita Simon earns $7.75 an hour, 50 cents above minimum wage, as a shift manager at KFC. "From this," writes Michael Powell in The New York Times, "she and her husband, Jude Toussaint, an unemployed antenna installer, buy clothes for their three children and food, and help her mother with the rent."
Her checks are often hours short. And when she works overtime her rate of pay doesn't increase. She gets two checks at straight time, as if she worked two different jobs.
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Powell wants those who fret about upper-class anxieties deriving from wealth to consider for a moment the predicament of supporting oneself from a perspective of lower standards.
"Forget the gilded dreams of 90th-floor penthouse-dwelling hedge fund masters for just a second," he writes. "We'll mourn the ridiculously high price tag for brownstones in another column. The economic comebacks of New York, of New Jersey and of so many states ride piggyback on the growth of low-wage jobs, on the hiring of those who dip French fries in boiling oil and pull flesh off the bones of factory chickens."
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Movistar: Face mask
This was done at Buenos Aires for the cell-phone company "Movistar" during July. The idea was to do something to break through all the media paranoia after the A-Flu that the world is facing.
Producer: Marcelo Orueta.
Advertising Agency: Publicis Graffiti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Creative Directors: Diego Sánchez, Diego Livachoff
Art Director: Fernando Errecaborde
Copywriter: Fernando Bozzoletti
Account Director: Paula Santambroggio
11 comments
Very Fresh idea. Humor in a crisis situation is always a good oportunity for calling people´s attention.
Poor, I'm tired with flu, every media talks about it.. Leave it, I wouldn't like to get something such unusefull..
Yeah, every media talked about Flu, but this´s the most conceptual idea I saw using N1H1.
It´s fresh.
Im from Argentina and the flu was a totall bullshit, a bunch of lies from the goverment to scare people..


text:
The silver bullion spot price is the defacto standard base per ounce price of silver. It is recognized worldwide and is very volatile compared to the other precious metals. You can see the current spot price on the graphs at the bottom of this page. The spot price is the current market price of a commodity, in this case silver bullion. It fluctuates throughout the day, and silver bullion is known to have a very volatile spot price. But over the past decade it has steadily been an upward trend and is showing no sign of heading downward.
The silver bullion spot price, like other commodities, goes up in value when inflation is rampant, and lately with the US printing more and more money with no concern with destroying the dollar is sending commodities through the roof. I predict it will only continue since we are now at the point of borrowing to just pay mostly interest on the principal deficit.
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text:
Final: Cardinals 3, Dodgers 2
ST. LOUIS - The Dodgers were held to five hits as they returned from the All-Star break with a 3-2 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals on Friday night.
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The Dodgers offense finally kicked in with back-to-back doubles by Juan Uribe and A.J. Ellis to start the seventh inning and chase Lynn. Ellis scored on a wild pitch to make it a one-run game. But the Dodgers stranded two more runners in the eighth inning and finished the night 1 for 8 with runners in scoring position.
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text: Carrowong Fauna Sanctuary in the rainforest just outside of Kuranda is quite unique. This 90 acres is completely surrounded by World Heritage rainforest and is dedicated to the rehabilitation and release of endangered North Queensland wildlife. This unlogged rainforest also gives guests a memorable experience in a pristine area unspoilt by outside inteference. Our continual hands on preservation efforts make us unique among other tour operators. The property was specifically purchased to provide the endangered southern cassowary and other endemic species with an uninterrupted biologically diverse habitat. We offer wildlife safaris and Nocturnal Walks daily from Cairns. Profits from our tours over the years have gone directly back into habitat conservation.


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Nice Mowhawk
Pet Parent: | Pet: Jordy
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Field-Serviceable Superconducting Cable Housing
Award Information
Small Business Information
Creare Inc.
P.O. Box 71, Hanover, NH, -
Principal Investigator:
Michael Barton
Principal Investigator
(603) 643-3800
Principal Investigator
(603) 643-3800
Business Contact:
James Barry
(603) 643-3800
(603) 643-3800
Research Institution:
AbstractLegacy copper-based power distribution and degaussing cables will not be able to meet the future requirements of Navy ships and submarines. While cable systems employing high temperature superconductors (HTS) have the potential to meet this need, further development work is required to improve the performance and increase the technology readiness level of key system components. The proposed work focuses on the cable housings used to encase the cryogenic HTS cables used in a shipboard HTS degaussing system. Currently, HTS cable housing assemblies are made in the factory at predetermined lengths and cannot be modified during installation. This can be problematic during shipyard installation because it is difficult to precisely determine the required length and cables often need to be rerouted relative to initial installation plans. Creare plans to develop a modularized HTS cable housing assembly that will provide the much needed flexibility to tailor the cable housing length and apply end connections at the time of installation. In Phase I, we will complete a proof-of-concept demonstration of our system. In Phase II, we will fabricate and test a full-scale prototype system
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


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Treats most kinds of back, neck, headache, and extremity (related to spine) pain. Patients need a referral from a provider to be seen. The clinic only treats active duty Soldiers.
Location: 11th Floor
Hours of operation: Monday through Friday - 0730 to 1200 and 1300 to 1630
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text:
Hungary has a delicious blood sausage called véres hurka.
Type: Posts; User: ilovesteak
Hungary has a delicious blood sausage called véres hurka.
You actually saw Mr Anthony and Rich Mahogany? :p
I tried that for years but I must sadly confess that I'm way past that ideological belief. Most people are just too darn stupid. Our society has developed a way for them to somewhat survive. Nature...
Mi Pueblo mexican supermarkets will have everything you're looking for. Google them, they have a few stores in San Jose and in E Palo Alto.
Gotta love Philz. I go to the store on 24th in the Mission. Jacobs Wonderbar all the way :)
I smoke a Baccarat Rothschild Robusto almost daily.
Or.....just get on Vince Gironda's Steak & Eggs Diet and follow it religiously until you are at the weight and bodyfat % that you desire.
Erin, I know you're going to laugh about this comment but my sister was exhibiting many of the symptoms you do. After she had her tooth fillings drilled out and replaced with new, non-metal based...
Passive aggressive much?
I believe the OP asked about caffeine pill consumption, not internet access habits.
Also, and please don't take offense for me asking, as a bartender do you consume an elevated amount of alcohol on a regular basis?
It could be as simple as dehydration from the alcohol.
Are you getting enough, restful sleep on a regular basis at night? 7-8 hrs? Take 400 mg of Magnesium Glycinate before going to bed every night. I suspect you definitely have a magnesium deficiency.
I'm amazed once again at people who just refuse to give up and throw in the towel. Perseverance almost always results in success.
Congratulations!!! and I wish you continued health.
Anyone who wants a flu shot, by all means, go ahead and jack yourself up!!! The rest of us will wear our tin foil hats and respectfully disagree.
I haven't had the flu in a couple of decades, nor...
Just messing with ya :)
Poptarts have gelatin in them
Fixed it for ya :D
Never had a flu shot and never will. I consider it a scam by the pharmaceutical companies. Have you noticed how every year they build up the scare about "the killer flu" that's coming. Then they put...
All news organizations are nothing but money making machines. They feed us what they feel will capture as many viewers as possible so they can maximize the money they charge for ad space. It has...
Ketosis is good but aren't you worried about muscle loss by fasting for so long?
It could be a problem if you're a big guy and require 3-4000 kcal/day. I need about 2500 kcal/day to maintain. I just sit down for dinner and eat to my hearts content, not worrying about calorie...
I've been doing the one meal plan for quite some time now (I think almost a year) and I have no plans to change that.
You're in a tough situation but it's not impossible. Try to envision how bad those junk snacks are for you and how you see the bigger picture. Also, bring in some some homemade snacks of your own for...
If people really like nuts a good suggestion is to buy your favorite nut in the shell. That's natures way of regulating how fast you eat them or how much you eat. If you have to crack every nut and...
Correct. If I remember correctly Costco sells it for $9.99
I have been using it for quite some time now and it's fantastic.
The OP was having a question about a cheat meal but he does what a lot of people tend to do: they use the cheat meal as a vehicle to extend it to a cheat day.
It's the prevailing mentality of,...