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- Home
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- Patient information
- Preparing for your test
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eLab proving its worth with our doctors
(Aotea News, July 2012)
As we move toward having eLab installed at all our referring medical practices by the end of the year, three general practitioners share how eLab has made their practice more efficient and effective.
Larry Jordan, Porirua
"There is more consistency and reliability of information and this has resulted in fewer phone calls backwards and forwards to query information or missing bits, potential errors. There is more direct and correct transmission of information.
"We're not having to go back and look at lab forms as frequently because they are getting processed better in the first place.
"Forms don't have to be signed any more, and this has smoothed things out, and if forms get lost it is much easier to replace it at the point of patient attendance. There are all sorts of good things like that that have made the whole process much less error prone.
"Knowing that the labelling and patient identification is much more secure once the specimen has been sent in transit and in the lab is certainly an improvement, and the impression so far is that we are probably getting fewer invalid test procedures as a result.
"It is a pretty progressive step to joining everyone up to a modern information system."
Samantha Murton, Capital Care Health
"The system makes it much easier to look for the tests you want.
"The front page has a good range of standard tests that are readily accessible and commonly used, and most of the time I use that front page, which has made things a lot easier.
"On another view, I can choose protocols for diabetes and drug monitoring and in fact I can create some of my own. So, if you have a standard set of protocols that you'd like for blood testing for people on particular drugs or doing regular tests for something, then you can set these up and then they will come up as a regular setting.
"I can still print off a form but also it instantly goes off to the laboratory. So if someone rings up then I can write up the form, and they can just turn up to the lab, and it will already be there for them -- they don't have to come in to get the piece of paper."
Pam Olver, Brooklyn Central Health
"Sometimes the lab needs to know which antibiotics a patient is taking so they can then alter the way they process the specimen to give you complete information. You can let the lab know what medication they are taking so they can take that into account when they are processing the specimen.
"Cervical smears, for example, trigger off a specific cascade of tick boxes so the lab knows where the specimen was taken from and whether you need HPV testing with it and if the patient is post-menopausal and if there is any specific medication they are on. So, particularly with any abnormalities, the lab can interpret the information better and give better feedback.
"Without eLab there were far more steps involved, and we would have to phone the lab and speak to someone to pass on the info and they would have to verify and check the info and then book a time. Now, we can just do it in the course of a day's work -- just fill it in and it goes off to the lab electronically."


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- Networking Creatively, LLCOwner, 2008 - present
WordPress Manipulator. Geek with a camera. Always connected.
The longer version:
When describing themselves, most people say something like:
I was raised on a farm, or, I grew up in the city...
Me? I was raised on a computer.
Today, a self-taught graphic designer for both web and print, a Wordpress lover and manipulator, freelance writer, blogger, and a social media enthusiast.
My passion is to see even the newest to blogging or the small family business start with a site they can be proud of.Find me on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
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- Home Schooled1988 - 2002
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Kelly Whalen
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health, nutrition, fitness, burst training, food, exercise
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Dear Martha Stewart
Dear Martha, May I call you Martha? I mean, I feel like we practically know each other. It was just two months ago that you reached out to m
18 Snack Ideas for Back-to-School Afternoon Munchies
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Changing marketing one brand at a time
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Perfectionism is not excellence, it is procrastination based in fear. What are you waiting for? Are you waiting for the time to be right? Ar
Blog Design For Dummies - Book Review - Blogging Tips
Whether you're just getting started with blogging or you're a blogging veteran, I can't over-emphasize how useful Blog Design For Dummies is
Broken by Default
"Let me get fixed up and I'll meet you in 30 minutes." said a woman at the grocery store to a friend. Another woman at the hair salon admire
Cooking With Kids Tips and Tricks
Cooking with kids might sound like a horror movie, but what I'm learning is that a little mess and a lot of guidance now will reap dividends
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How and when to start a small business.


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In This Section
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A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
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Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
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Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
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AES E-Library
Another Approach to the Ideal Crossover: The Energy Filler
It is well known that an ideal crossover filter should offer a set of characteristics which are theoretically unrealizable. As a consequence, several ways of approximating this ideal have been proposed in the recent literature. This work reports on an approach which (to the author's knowledge) has not yet been pursued: trying to compensate the energy losses in the crossover region typical of a Linkwitz filter with an additional driver (the "energy filler"). The corresponding crossover theory is presented together with several observations relevant to the implementation of the device. A loudspeaker system has been developed and tested with good subjective as well as measuring results.
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1 January, 2000@12:00 am
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Mixtape master Tony Touch, best known for his 50 MC freestyle mixtapes, steps into the major leagues with The Piece Maker. Tommy Boy backs Tony's first legal mixtape, and in the process, Mr. Tony Toca taps just about everyone to represent with original selections.
The album is made up of all new material, some of which feature Tony collaborating with the artists, others simply new tracks donated by the big boys. Most impressive is the Flipmode Squad's "Set It On Fire". While Shok's strings are of the typical Ruff Ryders variety, the ferocity of the Squad is undeniable, and hits a peak when Shok adds the effect of a needle dragging across a record. Rah Digga providing the hook, along with the Busta adlibbing and the rest of the crew chanting, "Let's set it on fire!" makes this one the sure shot. Another favorite comes from Tony & Doo Wop, on "Return Of The Diaz Brothers". Tony's production combines African drums, with a twist of Latino flavor, which compliments his laid back Spanglish flow nicely. Topping it off is Pain In Da Ass, as usual, doing a hilarious Scarface impersonation, with a wanna be Frank Sosa backing him up. Hot off the heels of this track is "No, No, No", which compliments it's predecessor perfectly, as Tony joins Heltah Skeltah and Starang Wondah of O.G.C.. Meanwhile contributions from Cypress Hill and Mos Def & De La Soul keep the Spanish hip-hop vibe running throughout.
The best thing about The Piece Maker is its consistency. It seems like nobody fronted when Tony asked them to bring some heat. NYC staples such as Gang Starr bring the Tony Toca tribute The Piece Maker, while D.I.T.C. brings "The Club" and the Wu-Tang Clan delivers "The Abduction". D12 & Eminem bring the Alchemist produced "Get Back", while the Likwit Crew shows off "Likwit Rhyming".
While Tony hits a few speed bumps on tracks like "I Wonder Why", (featuring Total), the letdown "Class Of '87″, and "P.R. Allstars", among a few others, but the majority of this album is top notch. And even while the album isn't actually blended together, the layout of the tracks is done very well, building momentum, just as a mixtape should. Hopefully this is the first in a series of strong albums from Tony Toca.
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2008 Buick Lucerne Repair and Maintenance
A guide to problems, costs, maintenance and repair for your 2008 Buick Lucerne
Verified by mechanics, reported by drivers like you
Ask a mechanic in our community
Never overpay. Check prices with our estimator
2008 Buick Lucerne ProblemsSteering Wheel Position Sensor May Fail
The steering wheel position sensor may fail, resulting in the service stability message being displayed.
The fuel pump may fail causing the engine to stall and not restart.
The water pump and/or the plastic side tanks on the radiator may leak causing a loss of coolant. The engine may overheat due to coolant loss. Continued coolant loss after external leaks have been repaired could indicate a blown head gasket.
2008 Buick Lucerne Questionsmy wife just tried to open driver side front door and the handle almost feel out (1 answer)
2008 Buick Lucerne RecallsIgnition Lock Cylinder Concern
Excess weight on the key ring can cause the ignition switch to move out of the run position without warning, turning off the engine. This defect can also affect the safe operation of the airbag system. Until this recall is performed, customers should remove all items from their key rings, leaving only the ignition key. The key fob (if applicable), should also be removed from the key ring. Dealers will install two 13mm key rings and key insert into the vehicle's ignition keys to correct this concern.
The heated washer module under the hood could overheat due to excessive current draw. Under certain conditions, this could result in an under hood fire. This previous recall attempt in 2008 to repair this concern did not have the expected success. Dealers will now permanently disable and remove the heated washer module to correct this concern. This recall is expected to begin on June 20, 2010.
The wiring to the washer system heater may overheat due to a failure in the heater module. This could cause other electrical features to malfunction, smoke to develop, and an electrical fire could result. Dealers will install a wire harness with an inline fuse to protect the washer heater module. This recall is expected to begin on September 12, 2008. The General Motors recall number is 08048.


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Capitol Hill Critics Second-Guess Agencies Using...
Loss of Lives in Clinical Trials...
Clinical-Style Validation, Regulation, and Quality Control...
Keep the Opportunities, Lose the Opportunists
Companion Dx negotiated a nonexclusive license to Epigenomics' DNA methylation biomarker Septin9 for use in the development and commercialization of a blood-based laboratory-developed test for detecting colorectal cancer. Under terms of the deal Epigenomics will receive double-digit royalties on future sales of the test.
Companion Dx is a molecular diagnostic reference laboratory offering pharmacogenomic assays and cancer companion diagnostics. The firm is sited at the Universit of Texas Health Science Center's Biotechnology Commercialization Center.
Epigenomics already has laboratory-developed test agreements for Septin9-based colorectal cancer blood tests in place with Quest Diagnostics, Arup Laboratories, and Warnex Medical Laboratories in North America. Abbott Molecular holds a worldwide, nonexclusive license to develop and commercialize IVD test kit products, and both Qiagen and Sysmex retain options for nonexclusive worldwide licenses. The firm says over 26,000 Septin9 tests were carried out in 2011 by its licensees.
In addition to granting nonexclusive licenses to the biomarker and DNA methylation technologies to the diagnostics industry, Epigenomics is directly commercializing the test under its own Epi proColon® brand. The screening test is already approved in Europe and is being progressed through the U.S. regulatory system.
Just last week Epigenomics submitted to FDA the third of four modules that will make up the complete Premarket Approval submission for Epi proColon. Module three described the analytical performance of Epi proColon in terms of accuracy, precision, and stability. The fourth module, due for submission during the second half of 2012, will include the results of a head-to-head comparative study with the goal of demonstrating noninferiority of Epi proColon to fecal immunochemical testing.
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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I don't know of anything else I can do. Signal strength is very strong. There doesn't seem to be a reason for the continuous scanning. I have a Galaxy S4 i9505 just upgraded to Android 4.4.2. I don't remember this happening before the upgrade. Any thoughts?
Last edited by nusantara; 28th March 2014 at 03:45 PM. Reason: Wrong header


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so i try putting in text in the HTML editor
and it changes to
text
when i go to the visual editor
why does this happen? I thought 2.5 was supposed to not edit your html at all, but when i try to change the font color it adds an ugly highlight behind anything i want to change the color of. wtf.


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Big Oils political ploy
Our guest blogger is Bill Becker.
Whatever else we might say about Big Oil in the United States, we have to give the industry credit for one thing: It has mastered the art of scamming us with a perfectly straight face.
The scam has been underway for decades. This year's example is the debate about repealing $21 billion in federal subsidies for big oil companies over the next decade. To their credit, President Obama and several Democrats in Congress are pushing the idea.
Oil executives have launched a counteroffensive reminiscent of Gordon Gekko's argument that "greed is good".
Requiring taxpayers to subsidize America's biggest oil companies is in the best interest of the country, they say, and anyone who disagrees is playing politics.
ExxonMobil, for example, has issued a statement that President Obama and congressional Democrats are engaging in "political theatre" on this issue. Perhaps. But the real plot line is that big oil companies are fighting once again to keep largesse they don't need and the nation can't afford. Here are some examples of the time-tested arguments we're hearing from Big Oil:
Eliminating their subsidies will force oil companies to increase the cost of gasoline. Even some oil executives acknowledge this is not true. Unless the industry uses subsidy reform as an excuse to gouge consumers, reducing its tax breaks will not affect energy prices. The handful of subsidies under scrutiny here are the proverbial drop in the oil barrel. They are a fraction of the special favors oil companies receive from the federal government, usually at taxpayer expense. And oil company revenues are so high, even counting the cyclic nature of the market, that subsidy reform will not make a difference in energy prices.
The bigger misdirection is the industry's stubborn assertion that encouraging more domestic production with taxpayer subsidies and permission to drill everywhere will have a meaningful impact on consumer prices. Legions of experts have pointed out in the past that petroleum prices are set by a world oil market so large that more domestic drilling and subsidies won't much matter. Two fresh examples illustrate how little we control the factors that influence the global petroleum market.
Last December, a vegetable vendor in Tunisia set himself on fire to protest harassment by police. His self-immolation and subsequent death triggered the "Arab Spring" — a chain reaction of protests across the Arab world fueled by frustrations ranging from high food prices to chronic unemployment, and suppression of freedoms to government corruption. Oil prices rose just because of the fear that Arab unrest would threaten world supplies.
The second example is the historic flooding along the Mississippi River. Hopes have been high that high oil prices will flatten demand and lower the cost of gasoline. But gasoline prices may rise anyway because the river is threatening to disrupt oil barges, pipelines and refineries.
It's unfair to cut subsidies for big oil companies when other companies and industries get taxpayer support. Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-UT, made this statement when oil company executives testified before Congress on May 12. The corollary is that if oil companies get tax breaks, so should all other companies and industries. The last time I checked, we can't afford that.
More seriously, Hatch's point is valid within the oil industry. Current proposals would cut some subsidies for big oil companies, but not smaller oil producers. The equitable solution is to phase out all federal subsidies for oil, regardless of the size of the company producing it.
Applied to the energy sector in general, however, Hatch's point is bogus. The oil industry has been getting federal subsidies for nearly a century, far longer and in far greater amounts than alternative energy industries. Rational public policy would recognize there's a big and legitimate difference between subsidizing mature and wealthy industries such as coal and oil, and subsidizing emerging industries that are critical to national security, such as solar and wind energy. Fossil energy subsidies are classic corporate welfare; renewable energy subsidies help these vital young industries get across the "valley of death" and into the marketplace.
The American people don't want shared sacrifice. They want shared prosperity.
This interesting statement came from Chevron CEO John Watson at the same Congressional hearing. If Watson really supported the idea of "shared prosperity", he'd volunteer to give his company's tax breaks back to the American people.
Rather than reducing federal budget deficits, cutting oil subsidies will have the opposite effect. Jobs and investors will disappear and government tax revenues will fall. This argument has been raised by Jim Mulva, chief exeuctive of ConocoPhillips, among others. It's ludicrous to believe that cutting these few subsidies will drive investors away from oil. So long as there are profits to be made, oil companies will drill and investors will invest. In a world in which populations are growing, consumerism is surging and emerging economies are injecting oil like steroids, there are ample profits to be made. Eliminating a few subsidies won't change that.
Cutting these subsidies is a tax increase for Big Oil. The "tax increase" argument is an all-purpose fear phrase routinely rolled out by fiscal conservatives and corporations. It's not clear to me that eliminating a tax break qualifies as a tax increase, strictly speaking. Yes, removing subsidies would result in big oil companies paying higher taxes, assuming their accountants don't find other ways to escape the obligation. But taking away subsidies merely results in oil companies paying what they should pay without favored treatment.
Look at it this way: Big Oil is subsidized not only by access to public lands, low royalty fees and special breaks in the federal tax code. It also is subsidized every day by every one of us who pays taxes, buys gasoline or purchases a petroleum-based product. Our tax dollars pay the enormous costs of protecting overseas oil supplies and shipping lanes. The gas taxes we pay at the pump help build and maintain the highways that promote the use and sale of oil. More than 154 million Americans live in places where coal plants and petroleum-powered vehicles contribute to pollution that makes the air too dangerous to breathe. Families bear the medical costs and lost wages associated with that pollution. It's difficult to feel bad about the taxes paid by Big Oil.
Oil subsidy reform is election-year silliness and political posturing by Obama and reform advocates on the Hill. Ken Cohen, the vice-president of public and government affairs at Exxon, told the Financial Times the subsidy debate is merely "the kickoff for the 2012 presidential campaign and congressional elections".
So what? The 2012 election cycle is an excellent time for presidential and congressional candidates to differentiate themselves on national energy policy. Our oil addiction is one of the biggest national, environmental and economic security issues of our time. We need an electoral intervention.
Cutting subsidies by $21 billion over 10 years will make little difference in reducing the federal deficit. That's true. As of May 12, the national debt was more than $14 trillion – the largest in the world, about $46,000 for every citizen. But we have to start somewhere. To paraphrase the late Republican Sen. Everett Dirksen, "Twenty billion here, twenty billion there, and pretty soon you're talking real money."
The oil subsidy debate has greater significance than $21 billion however. It is a litmus test of conservative sincerity about reducing the federal deficit – a test the Tea Party should watch closely. So far, the spending cuts proposed in the Republican-controlled House have been driven by naked ideology, using deficit reduction as an opportunitiy to attack environmental regulations, climate science and government services for the poor and middle class. In the words of ExxonMobil, the votes have been pure political theater.
Last February, shortly after he became Speaker of the House, John Boehner said this:
It is immoral to bind our children to as leeching and destructive a force as debt. It is immoral to rob our children's future and make them beholden to China. No society is worthy that treats its children so shabbily.
With that level of moral conviction, it should be a no-brainer for Republicans to vote in favor of eliminating oil subsidies. If conservatives are not willing to harvest this low-hanging fruit, it's doubtful they'll make the far tougher choices that meaningful deficit reduction will require.
[JR: If Boehner really cared about our children so much, he wouldn't support destroying the livable climate they will need.]
Congress should take up oil subsidy reform another time, as part of overhauling the nation's tax system. There's no reason to wait on reforming such an obvious and equitable target for deficit reduction. And there's no reason to believe that a Congress so deadlocked by partisanship and its own rules will succeed at reforming the tax code anytime soon.
This isn't the first time we've had this debate. In the past decade alone, oil executives were called before Congress to justify excessive profits in November 2005 when oil cost $60 a barrel; again six months later when a barrel of oil cost $75; again in April 2008 when oil hit $100 a barrel; and again this week, with crude back in the $100 range. For the past 40 years of oil crises, oil wars and oil-induced recessions, it has been Ground Hog Day on Capitol Hill.
The questions reform-minded members of Congress asked oil executives over the years remain relevant and unresolved today: Why should oil companies get tax breaks when their profits are so high and consumers are so broke? Why isn't Big Oil investing more of its profits to develop the alternative energy resources that would keep the industry and the nation secure in the long-term?
If it were up to me, all fossil energy subsidies would be shifted to a rapid buildup of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in the United States. But if deficit reduction provides the only sufficient leverage for subsidy reform, so be it.
However we use the revenues, we should resolve the indefensible perversities of national energy policy once and for all, starting with the elimination of federal subsidies for Big Oil.
–Bill Becker, Executive Director, the Presidential Climate Action Project
11 Responses to Big Oils political ploy
This is just capitalists preying on the rest of humanity, the essence of their death-cult. I heard a similar abomination this morning when a tobacco industry (an industry that profits from knowingly peddling substances that kill or severely injure those addicted to it)PR flak argued against the local Commonwealth Government's decision to bring in plain packaging of cigarettes. The health profession is united without exception in favouring this measure, but the capitalists think only of 'intellectual property rights' and 'freedom' to peddle a 'legal product'. The moral atmosphere of market capitalist economies, in my opinion, approximates to that of a narco-state, perhaps Colombia at some stage, or Panama under Noriega when he still followed CIA orders, or indeed of the UK forcing opium on the Chinese at the point of a gun.
I would wager that even increased drilling offered with subsidy repeal would not attract enough Republican votes to get through the House. The Democrats should at least make this a big deal for a week or two to get the public on their side if no deal can be made. In that case, there can be no progress on virtually ANYTHING until January 2013, and that's only if the Democrats post big gains in the House or Senate. Maybe the fiscal hawks in the Tea Party might be swayed if this issue is made a BIG DEAL, but they are so wacky, there's no way to tell.
Maybe, with Germany and Japan's recent announcements, we should advance strongly toward clean energy by eliminating all direct, indirect and external subsidies for the four toxic explosives (petroleum, coal, fossil gas and uranium). Of course, they might not even be economically feasible as "energy" if that were to come about, especially since they are actually "matter" rather than "energy" (but we are still looking for intelligence in space aren't we?).
Ask yourself this simple question.
If the US consumes approximately 25% of the world's oil, then 75% of our oil subsidy tax dollars are going outside the country.
Should we really be sending 75% of our tax dollars overseas?
Solar Jim #3, even if we closed down the nuclear industry today we would still face a future polluted by the deadly detritus of nuclear waste, the accidental contamination from Windscale, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima, and the deliberate contamination of depleted uranium weapons. I'm afraid that the nuclear dragon has long since escaped.
" [JR: If Boehner really cared about our children so much, he wouldn't support destroying the livable climate they will need.] "
At the end of this famous interview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtscnrSB15M Boehner says: "We've gotta find ways to work toward a solution to this problem [carbon emissions] WITHOUT RISKING THE FUTURE FOR OUR KIDS AND GRANDKIDS"
That sentence is sooo incredibly painful.
I agree that getting any proposal on subsidy reduction through this Congress is unlikely. But I think it's still important that we make duplicity much more difficult for those who claim that cutting oil subsidies is a tax increase, or will result in higher gas prices, or will result in less investment and oil production, or will cause the economy to collapse. These subsidies should be made a populist issue, another case in which the rich are getting richer at the expense of American consumers. Families are taking another big hit while CEOs and oil companies rake in outrageous salaries, bonuses and profits, while fighting to keep taxpayer support they don't need. If fiscal conservatives and Tea Party members are sincere, cutting oil subsidies is a no-brainer. I hope we hold their feet to the fire not just for the next few weeks, but consistently until voters begin to punish them for talking out of both sides of their mouths.
Bill, you're right, it's not just a populist issue, but a moral one, and will affect our long term survival, too.
Have you approached leading Democrats about making this part of a nationwide stump speech? It would resonate, especially when the details come out.
So far they have been timid, and left the speechmaking to Obama, whose remarks are OK, but brief, and delivered with a smirk instead of with fire in his eyes.
Now is the time for our President to channel Martin Luther King, our greatest spiritual leader. And it's time for the Democratic members of Congress to act like men, and not the vacillating, opportunistic empty suits that they appear to be.
The oil subsidy issue feels like a skirmish almost welcomed by Big Oil, as they are likely to win, yet can afford to lose this one, and still come out way ahead on profits through corporate tax exemptions, etc. As the chess players and old warriors say, it pays to pick your battles.
That said, Bill Becker's call to the populist issue is broader and worthy, not an election-year skirmish.
Anyone have an idea how much the total annual fossil fuel subsidies are? This $2 billion number doesn't ring true. I believe it is far higher. I remember a study done by Koplow, that showed $49 billion for 2006 alone, with $39 billion of that going to oil and gas and the rest to coal. In 2005, the Bush administration increased oil subsidies for the next five years by $32.9 billion. That's a $6.5 billion/year increase for those five years. Koplow found all kinds of hidden costs to the government in support of these industries, that one wouldn't necessarily think of as subsidies.
From a study- Koplow's 2007 report to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development:
"Estimating U.S. oil and gas subsidies is very challenging. Subsidies rarely involve cash payments. Instead scores of U.S. government agencies and departments create hundreds of programmes to support the U.S. energy sector. And there is no requirement for the federal government to keep track of all this."
"Energy subsidies are often simply hidden from public scrutiny. Subsidy programms from 1918 are still in place. I'm not aware of any oil and gas subsidy that has ever been phased out,"
Hey, they need the money for their climate change disinformation campaign.


text:
A new business opened up shop today here in Dothan.
Burlington Coat Factory in the Wiregrass Commons Mall held its grand opening celebration Friday.
The 95,000 square foot store is the seventh Burlington Coat Factory to open in Alabama.
Employees say it's been a long time coming but they're happy to be here in the wiregrass.
"Well, we've been working hard for a couple of months. We've brought in a lot of extra help, we had to start from scratch, re-did the building, brought in the merchandise and it's been a constant working effort to get it ready for today," said store manager Judy Gillis.
The new department store employs 70 people.


text:
I am attempting to build an FSM to control a timer in (iphone sdk) objective c. I felt it was a necessary step, because I was otherwise ending up with nasty spaghetti code containing pages of if-then statements. The complexity, non-readability, and difficulty of adding/changing features lead me to attempt a more formal solution like this.
In the context of the application, the state of the timer determines some complex interactions with NSManagedObjects, Core Data, and so forth. I have left all that functionality out for now, in an attempt to get a clear view of the FSM code.
The trouble is, I cannot find any examples of this sort of code in Obj-C, and I am not so confident about how I have translated it from the C++ example code I was using. (I don't know C++ at all, so there is some guessing involved.) I am basing this version of a state pattern design on this article: http://www.ai-junkie.com/architecture/state_driven/tut_state1.html. I'm not making a game, but this article outlines concepts that work for what I'm doing.
In order to create the code (posted below), I had to learn a lot of new concepts, including obj-c protocols, and so forth. Because these are new to me, as is the state design pattern, I'm hoping for some feedback about this implementation. Is this how you work with protocol objects effectively in obj-c?
Here is the protocol:
@class Timer;
@protocol TimerState
-(void) enterTimerState:(Timer*)timer;
-(void) executeTimerState:(Timer*)timer;
-(void) exitTimerState:(Timer*)timer;
Here is the Timer object (in its most stripped down form) header file:
@interface Timer : NSObject
id<TimerState> currentTimerState;
NSTimer *secondTimer;
id <TimerViewDelegate> viewDelegate;
id<TimerState> setupState;
id<TimerState> runState;
id<TimerState> pauseState;
id<TimerState> resumeState;
id<TimerState> finishState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> currentTimerState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSTimer *secondTimer;
@property (assign) id <TimerViewDelegate> viewDelegate;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> setupState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> runState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> pauseState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> resumeState;
@property (nonatomic, retain) id<TimerState> finishState;
-(void)changeState:(id<TimerState>) timerState;
-(void)executeState:(id<TimerState>) timerState;
-(void) setupTimer:(id<TimerState>) timerState;
And the Timer Object implementation:
#import "Timer.h"
#import "TimerState.h"
#import "Setup_TS.h"
#import "Run_TS.h"
#import "Pause_TS.h"
#import "Resume_TS.h"
#import "Finish_TS.h"
@implementation Timer
@synthesize currentTimerState;
@synthesize viewDelegate;
@synthesize secondTimer;
@synthesize setupState, runState, pauseState, resumeState, finishState;
if (self = [super init])
id<TimerState> s = [[Setup_TS alloc] init];
self.setupState = s;
//[s release];
id<TimerState> r = [[Run_TS alloc] init];
self.runState = r;
//[r release];
id<TimerState> p = [[Pause_TS alloc] init];
self.pauseState = p;
//[p release];
id<TimerState> rs = [[Resume_TS alloc] init];
self.resumeState = rs;
//[rs release];
id<TimerState> f = [[Finish_TS alloc] init];
self.finishState = f;
//[f release];
return self;
-(void)changeState:(id<TimerState>) newState{
if (newState != nil)
[self.currentTimerState exitTimerState:self];
self.currentTimerState = newState;
[self.currentTimerState enterTimerState:self];
[self executeState:self.currentTimerState];
-(void)executeState:(id<TimerState>) timerState
[self.currentTimerState executeTimerState:self];
-(void) setupTimer:(id<TimerState>) timerState
if ([timerState isKindOfClass:[Run_TS class]])
secondTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(currentTime) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
else if ([timerState isKindOfClass:[Resume_TS class]])
secondTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(currentTime) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
-(void) stopTimer
[secondTimer invalidate];
//This is just to see it working. Not formatted properly or anything.
NSString *text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", [NSDate date]];
if (self.viewDelegate != NULL && [self.viewDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(updateLabel:)])
[self.viewDelegate updateLabel:text];
//TODO: releases here
- (void)dealloc
[super dealloc];
Don't worry that there are missing things in this class. It doesn't do anything interesting yet. I'm currently just struggling with getting the syntax correct. Currently it compiles (and works) but the isKindOfClass method calls cause compiler warnings (method is not found in protocol). I'm not really sure that I want to use isKindOfClass anyway. I was thinking of giving each
id<TimerState> object a name string and using that instead.
On another note: all those
id<TimerState> declarations were originally TimerState * declarations. It seemed to make sense to retain them as properties. Not sure if it makes sense with
Here is an example of one of the state classes:
#import "TimerState.h"
@interface Setup_TS : NSObject <TimerState>{
#import "Setup_TS.h"
#import "Timer.h"
@implementation Setup_TS
-(void) enterTimerState:(Timer*)timer{
NSLog(@"SETUP: entering state");
-(void) executeTimerState:(Timer*)timer{
NSLog(@"SETUP: executing state");
-(void) exitTimerState:(Timer*)timer{
NSLog(@"SETUP: exiting state");
Again, so far it doesn't do anything except announce that what phase (or sub-state) it's in. But that's not the point.
What I'm hoping to learn here is whether this architecture is composed correctly in the obj-c language. One specific problem I'm encountering is the creation of the id objects in the timer's init function. As you can see, I commented out the releases, because they were causing a "release not found in protocol" warning. I wasn't sure how to handle that.
What I don't need is comments about this code being overkill or meaningless formalism, or whatever. It's worth me learning this even it those ideas are true. If it helps, think of it as a theoretical design for an FSM in obj-c.
Thank you in advance for any helpful comments.
(this didn't help too much: Finite State Machine in Objective-C)


text:
Who Is "The Walking Dead's" Ezekiel - And Why Does He Have a Pet Tiger?
Comic Books, TV
Passings | Michael C. Gross, the artist, designer and film producer best remembered for creating the iconic Ghostbusters logo, passed away Monday following a prolonged battle with cancer. He was 70 years old. Hired in 1970 as the art director of The National Lampoon, Gross is credited with pioneering the magazine's approach to comics and illustration; he's also famed for his notorious cover bearing the headline, "If You Don't Buy This Magazine, We'll Kill This Dog." Gross was encouraged by his friends John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd to move in the early 1980s from New York to Los Angeles, where he produced such films as Heavy Metal, Twins and both Ghostbusters films, and worked on the animated series The Real Ghostbusters. [The Associated Press]
Awards | The 2013 Lynd Ward Prize for Graphic Novel of the Year, presented by Penn State University Libraries and the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, has been awarded to Chris Ware's Building Stories. The jury's comment: "Ware's astute and precise renderings, composed with a tender yet unblinking clinical eye and fleshed out with pristine and evocative coloring, trace the mundane routines and moments of small crisis that his characters inhabit. In so doing, he produces not a document but a monument, a work whose narrative logic is architectural rather than chronological: a set of lives to be encountered, traversed, and returned to as the rooms and floors of a building might be over the years, still sequentially but not in a limited or decided-upon sequence. Stories, here, are meant not to be told but to be built, explored, inhabited—not merely visited but lived in." [Pennsylvania Center for the Book]


text:
For their work in information and communication technologies,
and biomedicine, Carver Mead, Moore Professor Emeritus of
Engineering and Applied Science, and Alexander Varshavsky, Smits
Professor of Cell Biology, have been honored by the BBVA Foundation
as recipients of 2011 Frontiers of Knowledge awards. The BBVA
Foundation—a social responsibility arm of the multinational
Spanish banking group Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
(BBVA)—presents the 400,000 euro (approximately $520,000)
awards to recognize world-class research and "contributions of
lasting impact for their originality, theoretical significance, and
ability to push back the frontiers of the known world." For more
information on the awards, and to read profiles on the winners,
Ares Rosakis, von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics and professor of mechanical engineering, and chair of the Division of Engineering and Applied Science, has been selected to receive the Commandeur de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques—the Commander grade of the French Republic's Order of Academic Palms. Originally a decoration created by Napoléon in 1808 to honor educators and scholars, it was established as an order in 1955 and now honors recipients from all around the world who have made significant contributions to the development of French culture, science, and education. It is currently awarded by the prime minister of France.
The order comprises three grades—commandeur, officier, and chevalier—and in distinction immediately follows such honors as the Legion of Honor and the Order of the Liberation.
Elected to the Academy of Engineering last year, Rosakis is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of Experimental Mechanics, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. His many honors include the Society of Engineering Science's Eringen Medal and the Caltech Graduate Student Council's Excellence in Teaching Award.
He received his BSc from the University of Oxford in 1978 his PhD from Brown University in 1982, the same year he joined Caltech as an assistant professor. He became associate professor in 1988 and professor in 1993. He directed the Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories (GALCIT), now the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, from 2004—the same year he was named von Kármán Professor—to 2009, when he was appointed division chair.
Three new faculty members in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science (EAS) have big ideas about really small things. Assistant professors Hyuck Choo, Dennis Kochmann, and Austin Minnich focus on quite different challenges, but they all home in on the nanoscale, where they manipulate, model, and measure structures and phenomena at the level of individual atoms.
"Caltech and EAS take pride in lowering the barriers between disciplines to create collaborative environments for researchers such as Hyuck, Dennis, and Austin to work on a variety of topics including understanding and predicting behavior of materials at the nanoscale, which already is an area of strength within EAS," says Ares J. Rosakis, chair of the division, Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics, and professor of mechanical engineering.
Hyuck Choo, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineer Hyuck Choo is developing a mechanism to focus laser light down to a spot just 25 nanometers (25 billionths of a meter) in diameter. Such a tiny spotlight could help manufacturers of hard disk drives continue to increase the capacity of their disks.
A typical hard drive includes a platter where data is recorded; that platter is made up of many, many individual magnetic grains, called bits. To increase the storage capacity of these disks, developers have to keep squeezing more bits into each square inch of a platter.
But they've hit a wall of sorts. Top-of-the-line hard drive disks currently hold about 750 gigabytes (GB) per square inch. The upper limit, using current methods and materials, is 1 terabyte (1,024 GB) per square inch. However, to reach such a density, the individual bits need to be smaller than 25 nanometers, and at that size, the ferromagnetic materials they're traditionally made from become unstable at room temperature, making them unreliable for data storage.
Switching to a different material, iron-platinum alloy, for the platters, the individual bits can remain stable down to 2.5 nanometers. The only problem is that iron platinum is so stable that it has to be heated in order to record information.
That's where Choo, who is part of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute, comes in. "We are creating a laser spot that is small enough to go down to the 25-nanometer size, so that we can just heat up individual magnetic bits," Choo says. "Our solution could be used to enable the next generation of hard drive disks."
To illuminate such a miniscule spot, Choo's group has developed a device called a "plasmonic waveguide." Made of gold and glass, the three-dimensional guide channels laser light through a tapering geometry to a tip that's just 14 nanometers across. Choo explains that when they shine laser light at an angle along the waveguide, "the energy of the photons gets transferred to the electrons at the interface between the glass and the gold." Once that happens, an electron wave travels down to the tip, compressing the energy into a very small spotlight.
Choo was born in the United States, raised in South Korea, and went to high school in Worcester, Massachusetts. He did his undergrad work at Cornell University and earned his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley. In addition to the light-focusing project, Choo's lab is also working on label-free imaging for glaucoma research.
Dennis Kochmann, Assistant Professor of Aerospace
Aerospace engineer Dennis Kochmann is developing theoretical and computational models of solid materials across multiple time and length scales-from the nano all the way up to the macroscale, which we deal with on an everyday basis.
"The behaviors that you observe at the macroscale usually stem from very many mechanisms from components at lower scales," Kochmann says. "If you zoom in with a microscope on a piece of metal, which looks homogeneous to the naked eye, you will see that it has microstructure-that there are many, many very small things going on across various length scales."
For example, a metal is basically a regular lattice of atoms. But if you zoom in, that lattice is full of defects such as misplaced or completely missing atoms (so-called dislocations or vacancies). Kochmann says these innumerable defects are extremely important because they provide a material with its very distinct properties. "We need to model these lower scales in order to, on the one hand, be able to understand the behavior of materials, but also to predict the behavior of materials," Kochmann says. "If you want to design a material, you need to understand where its properties come from."
In his research, Kochmann focuses on modeling the behavior of crystalline solids bridging scales from the nano all the way up to the macro. At the lowest scale, methods of molecular dynamics help him to investigate the basic mechanisms at play within a crystal. These studies inform higher-scale engineering models and lay the basis for full-physics material models. He hopes that such complete and efficient models will help engineers simulate and predict material behavior with high accuracy.
He's also interested in designing new materials, in particular composite materials with novel properties that can be turned on and off. As a grad student, he was involved in the creation of such a material, which could be made both highly stiff and highly damping, or energy absorbent, at a particular temperature. At Caltech he plans to expand this concept to create new materials with tunable properties.
Kochmann, who was born and raised in Germany, earned his Diplom and doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from Ruhr-University Bochum. He also studied at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a Fulbright fellow, and earned his MS in engineering mechanics there. He spent the last academic year working as a postdoctoral scholar in the lab of Michael Ortiz, the Dotty and Dick Hayman Professor of Aeronautics and Mechanical Engineering at Caltech.
Austin Minnich, Assistant Professor of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
Mechanical engineer Austin Minnich is interested in thermoelectrics-materials that are capable of converting heat directly into electricity. Thermoelectrics have been around for decades but are receiving increased attention now because they could help with energy conservation efforts. "The simplicity and reliability of thermoelectric devices offer many opportunities to recover wasted energy," Minnich says.
Thermoelectrics require an unusual combination of properties. "You're looking for high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity," Minnich explains. Just as electrical conduction is the flow of electrons through a material, thermal conduction refers to the flow of phonons, packets of vibrational energy, through a material. Typically, he says, a material is high in both types of conductivity or low in both. For example, metals are high in both, while glass is low in both.
But over the past decade, researchers have started to find that they can improve existing thermoelectrics by introducing nanostructures-tiny inclusions. If the inclusions are carefully sized, they can disrupt or scatter phonons, while retaining most of the material's electrical conductivity.
Minnich is focused on developing and using different tools to investigate the nanoscale physics at play in such thermoelectric materials. To properly size the nanoinclusions to scatter phonons, Minnich says it would be useful to know a measurement called the mean free path-the distance that phonons travel without being disrupted-for a variety of materials. The problem is, these values haven't been determined for most materials. "This means that we don't really know what size or distribution of sizes of nanostructures are needed to optimally scatter phonons," he says.
As part of his research program, Minnich has developed a method to measure the details of heat transport at nanometer-length scales using ultrafast lasers. Fourier's law, which governs heat transfer at the macroscopic level, no longer holds true at nanometer scales. Minnich systematically varies the size of the region heated by the laser and observes both how that heat moves through the material and how heat transfer deviates from what would be expected with Fourier's law. From those deviations, he can figure out how different phonon mean free paths contribute to the material's heat conduction.
"We use these techniques with very fine time resolution, looking at thermal conduction over periods of just femtoseconds," he says. "And that allows us to look at details of transport that are normally just lost if you look at longer time scales." So far, he's been able to measure mean free paths for phonons in silicon and sapphire, and he plans to apply the technique to many more semiconductors, including thermoelectric materials.
Minnich grew up on the East Coast and went to high school in New Mexico. He completed his undergraduate education at the University of California, Berkeley, and earned his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
On December 15, the Gates Foundation and Grand Challenge Canada
announced over $31 million in new grants to help advance healthcare
in the developing world. James Heath, Gilloon Professor and
professor of chemistry, and Axel Scherer, Neches Professor of
Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics, and Physics, were among
the 12 grant recipients who will be funded by the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation. Caltech was the only organization to
receive more than one award.
The grants are part of the Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POC Dx)
Initiative, which aims to create high-quality, low-cost diagnostic
platforms to improve the quality and efficacy of healthcare in the
world's poorest countries. POC Dx is the 14th program of the Grand
Challenges in Global Health initiative, launched in 2003 to create
new healthcare tools across a range of disciplines.
"New and improved diagnostics to use at the point of care can
help health workers around the world save countless lives," said
Chris Wilson, director of global health discovery at the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation, in a press release. "Our hope is that
these bold ideas lead to affordable, easy-to-use tools that can
rapidly diagnose diseases, trigger timelier treatment and thereby
reduce death, disability and transmission of infections in
resource-poor communities."
Heath was awarded a grant to develop HIV diagnostic tools that
use synthetically created peptides instead of antibodies in
diagnostic assays. Their chemical structure would allow them to be
transported, stored, and used more easily than antibodies. Scherer
will work with collaborators at Dartmouth to develop a prototype
technology to detect a wide range of pathogens that is low-cost,
low-power, and easy to use.
For more information on the Grand Challenges in Global Health
program, visit the program's website.
When you pick up the newest material in Julia Greer's office, it takes a second for your mind to adjust. Despite its looks, the little brick of metal weighs next to nothing.
Greer, assistant professor of materials science and mechanics, is part of a team of researchers from Caltech, HRL Laboratories, LLC, and the University of California, Irvine, who have developed the world's lightest solid material, with a density of just 0.9 milligrams per cubic centimeter, or approximately 100 times lighter than Styrofoam™. Though the material is ultra-low in density, it has incredible strength and absorbs energy well, making it potentially useful for applications ranging from battery electrodes to protective shielding.
"We're entering a new era of materials science where material properties are determined not only by the microscopic makeup of the material but also by the architecture of the constituents," Greer says.
The new material, called a micro-lattice, relies, appropriately, on a lattice architecture: tiny hollow tubes made of nickel-phosphorous are angled to connect at nodes, forming repeating, asterisklike unit cells in three dimensions. Everything between the tubes is open air. In fact, the structure consists of 99.99% open volume. Tobias Schaedler, a research staff scientist at HRL Laboratories, LLC, and lead author on the report described it as "a lattice of interconnected hollow tubes with a wall thickness of 100 nanometers, 1,000 times thinner than a human hair."
The material takes advantage of a hierarchical design: the wall thickness can be measured in nanometers, the diameter of each tube can be measured in microns, each tube is millimeters in length, and the entire micro-lattice material can be measured in centimeters (but might one day be made meters in length). Just as with large-scale structures, such as the Eiffel Tower, where order and hierarchy can lead to more efficient use of materials and improved properties, the same can be achieved by ordering materials on a tiny scale. In addition to its ultra-low density, the micro-lattice's hierarchical architecture allows it to recover almost completely from loads that compress it by as much as 50 percent, making it excellent at absorbing energy.
"The emergence of the unique properties of these ultra-light micro-lattice structures is due, in part, to the different mechanical behavior that emerges in nano-sized solids, which is the focus of my research," Greer says. Her team uses a machine called a SEMentor, which is both an electron microscope and a nanoindenter, to visualize the deformation of nano-sized structures and to concurrently measure mechanical properties, such as how much force it takes to break a material, how much energy it can absorb, and how much it stretches. The extremely small wall thickness-to-diameter ratio in the micro-lattice material makes the individual tubes ductile (i.e. they do not fail catastrophically); at higher aspect ratios, the material simply collapses and cannot recover.
The research appears in the November 18 issue of Science. Additional coauthors on the report, "Ultralight Metallic Lattices," include Caltech postdoctoral scholar Jane Lian, as well as Alan Jacobsen, Adam Sorensen, and Bill Carter from HRL Laboratories, and Anna Torrents and Lorenzo Valdevit from the University of California, Irvine. The research was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Every time you run a Google search, a split-second automated auction takes place to determine which of many competing companies will get to fill the ad space in your browsing window. The program controlling that auction is designed to fulfill a specific set of goals that probably differ from the goals of the individual companies. Similarly, your motivation during your morning commute is unlikely to be maintaining the overall flow of freeway traffic, and when you give a hospital your personal information, you're probably not trying to improve their data analysis.
"I'm interested in new algorithms, in understanding how difficult it is to solve problems," Ligett says. "Sometimes this comes from a particular application—maybe it's inspired by auctions that Google actually needs to run, for example."
Ligett says the field of algorithmic game theory has emerged in the last decade or so at the interface between computer science and economics. It got its start when computer scientists began to realize that they had something to offer to existing ideas in economics and game theory. For example, much of traditional game theory looks at equilibria, such as the Nash Equilibrium (developed by Nobel Prize–winning mathematician John Forbes Nash, Jr., and made famous on the big screen by A Beautiful Mind). That equilibrium describes a set of decisions that create a scenario in which no "players" want to change their decision, given how everyone else is making their decisions. "There is a huge amount of beautiful work in economics on such equilibria," Ligett says. "But there is relatively little work looking at things like how difficult it is to actually compute an equilibrium, and computer scientists have excellent tools to address such problems."
At first, computer scientists made up most of the field. But today, researchers are coming to algorithmic game theory from both directions—from computer science and from economics. Ligett says she was thrilled to come to Caltech in part because the Institute was looking for researchers to work specifically at this juncture. "There aren't that many places where computer scientists and economists actually talk to each other," Ligett says. "At Caltech, people are really interested in and committed to investigating at this intersection, and that's very appealing.
It wasn't always clear that Ligett would become a computer scientist. In high school and for a while afterward, she worked in an Army Corps of Engineers research lab in New Hampshire focused on studying the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the world. She got to see real scientists doing research and working in the field. She even got to travel to Barrow, Alaska, to study patterns of seasonal ice melt.
So when Ligett went to college at Brown University, she thought she'd go into a lab science—perhaps chemistry or physics. But that all changed when she took her first computer-science class. "I would get so wrapped up in problems that I was just really excited every week to work on my homework and projects for the class," she says. "So I thought, maybe I'll do a little bit more of this." Eventually, she switched over to computer science and mathematics, and went on to earn a PhD in computer science at Carnegie Mellon University.
Ligett's main research interests lie in trying to find better ways of thinking about and describing selfish behavior and in modeling alternatives to equilibrium states. "Some of my work says, 'What makes you think that people are going to end up at an equilibrium?'" she says. "Let's talk about where people might end up or what the whole system might look like if people act in a less prescribed way and just act selfishly. " She analyzes systems that never reach equilibrium and devises alternative models to try to account for situations where, for example, individuals might try to "game the system" and alter outcomes in unexpected ways.
In the area of data privacy, she's looking at the tension between privacy and the usefulness of data, trying to come up with new theorems to describe the relationship. Take, for example, a medical database, where Ligett might examine whether it is possible to mathematically transform the data in such a way that the database would provide researchers with meaningful data while still protecting the privacy of individuals.
Although the problems Ligett deals with involve complex, dynamic situations, most of what she does is good old paper-and-pencil math. "I might write down a mathematical description of people acting a certain way, using equations to establish the types of decisions people make. Once I have a mathematical model, I study the properties and consequences of the model," she says. So those equations on the white board in Ligett's new office? They might represent online auctions, the morning commute, or issues of data privacy. "I'm interested in the fundamental mathematics and in solving problems that are as general as possible," she says. "I hope that can be applied in a bunch of different ways."
PASADENA, Calif.—They shrink when you heat 'em. Most materials expand when heated, but a few contract. Now engineers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have figured out how one of these curious materials, scandium trifluoride (ScF3), does the trick—a finding, they say, that will lead to a deeper understanding of all kinds of materials.
The researchers, led by graduate student Chen Li, published their results in the November 4 issue of Physical Review Letters (PRL).
Materials that don't expand under heat aren't just an oddity. They're useful in a variety of applications—in mechanical machines such as clocks, for example, that have to be extremely precise. Materials that contract could counteract the expansion of more conventional ones, helping devices remain stable even when the heat is on.
"When you heat a solid, most of the heat goes into the vibrations of the atoms," explains Brent Fultz, professor of materials science and applied physics and a coauthor of the paper. In normal materials, this vibration causes atoms to move apart and the material to expand. A few of the known shrinking materials, however, have unique crystal structures that cause them to contract when heated, a property called negative thermal expansion. But because these crystal structures are complicated, scientists have not been able to clearly see how heat—in the form of atomic vibrations—could lead to contraction.
But in 2010 researchers discovered negative thermal expansion in ScF3, a powdery substance with a relatively simple crystal structure. To figure out how its atoms vibrated under heat, Li, Fultz, and their colleagues used a computer to simulate each atom's quantum behavior. The team also probed the material's properties by blasting it with neutrons at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee; by measuring the angles and speeds with which the neutrons scattered off the atoms in the crystal lattice, the team could study the atoms' vibrations. The more the material is heated the more it contracts, so by doing this scattering experiment at increasing temperatures, the team learned how the vibrations changed as the material shrank.
The results paint a clear picture of how the material shrinks, the researchers say. You can imagine the bound scandium and fluorine atoms as balls attached to one another with springs. The lighter fluorine atom is linked to two heavier scandium atoms on opposite sides. As the temperature is cranked up, all the atoms jiggle in many directions. But because of the linear arrangement of the fluorine and two scandiums, the fluorine vibrates more in directions perpendicular to the springs. With every shake, the fluorine pulls the scandium atoms toward each other. Since this happens throughout the material, the entire structure shrinks.
The surprise, the researchers say, was that in the large fluorine vibrations, the energy in the springs is proportional to the atom's displacement—how far the atom moves while shaking—raised to the fourth power, a behavior known as a quartic oscillation. Most materials are dominated by quadratic (or harmonic) oscillations—characteristic of the typical back-and-forth motion of springs and pendulums—in which the stored energy is proportional to the square of the displacement.
"A nearly pure quantum quartic oscillator has never been seen in atom vibrations in crystals," Fultz says. Many materials have a little bit of quartic behavior, he explains, but their quartic tendencies are pretty small. In the case of ScF3, however, the team observed the quartic behavior very clearly. "A pure quartic oscillator is a lot of fun," he says. "Now that we've found a case that's very pure, I think we know where to look for it in many other materials." Understanding quartic oscillator behavior will help engineers design materials with unusual thermal properties. "In my opinion," Fultz says, "that will be the biggest long-term impact of this work."
The other authors of the PRL paper, "The structural relationship between negative thermal expansion and quartic anharmonicity of cubic ScF3," are former Caltech postdoctoral scholars Xiaoli Tang and J. Brandon Keith; Caltech graduate students Jorge Muñoz and Sally Tracy; and Doug Abernathy of ORNL. The research was supported by the Department of Energy.
The Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California
Institute of Technology (GALCIT) was a key component in the success
of the Southern California aeronautic industry, which took flight
in the 1920s. Working Together, Learning to Fly is a historical
look at the research and industry collaborations at Caltech during
the early years of GALCIT and is currently on display at
Parsons-Gates Hall of Administration.
The exhibit, a collaboration of the Caltech Library, the Caltech
Archives, GALCIT, and the Division of Engineering and Applied
Science, features four cases full of documents, photographs, and
images that highlight pioneers in the field, the history of
Caltech's legendary wind tunnel, industry partnerships, and the
important contributions that GALCIT graduates made to
The exhibit is open Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m. on the 2nd floor of Parsons-Gates. For more information,
visit the exhibit's website.
In addition to their recent ranking of Caltech as first among world universities, for the second consecutive year the Times Higher Education has also ranked the Institute first for its engineering and technology programs.
"Once again, Caltech has been recognized for its contributions to academia and society," says Ares Rosakis, chair of the Division of Engineering and Applied Science (EAS) at Caltech. "We know that rankings are often imperfect and a number one position may come and go. In contrast, our sustained impact is in the creation of new schools of thought which are the true indicators of our combined achievements and excellence in both research and education."
This year, Caltech shares the lead position with MIT; Princeton, UC Berkeley, and Stanford University round out the top five. The engineering and technology ranking is one of six subsections of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011-2012. It covers a wide range of subjects—from aerospace engineering to sustainable energy research—making it "one of the most diverse of the subject tables in terms of national representation." The list is compiled data supplied by Thomson Reuters.
For a full list of the world's top 50 engineering and technology schools and all of the performance indicators, go to the Times Higher Education website.
Each year, Popular Mechanics magazine honors inventors,
engineers, and researchers with Breakthrough Innovator Awards for
their significant advances in medicine, technology, entertainment,
and more. At a ceremony in New York City on October 10, Caltech
engineer Joel Burdick was among the recipients of a Breakthrough
Award for his work that helped a paralyzed man stand. The awards
are in recognition of "innovators whose inventions will make the
world smarter, safer, and more efficient in the years to come."
Burdick, a professor of mechanical engineering and
bioengineering, was part of a team that made headlines earlier
this year for implanting a stimulating electrode array near the
spine of a paralyzed man to help him regain movement in his legs.
The group—which also includes V. Reggie Edgerton and Yury
Gerasimenko from UCLA, Susan Harkema from the University of
Louisville, and patient Rob Summers—received a 2011
Breakthrough Innovator Award for their "bold experiment" that
resulted in "unprecedented voluntary movement" in Summers' legs.
The team was one of 11 groups or individuals to receive the
As a robotics expert, Burdick developed robotically guided
physical therapy equipment (seen in the image at right) used by
animal models in early studies of the electrode array. He also
introduced the concept of using high-density epidural spinal
stimulation to treat patients with spinal cord injuries, and is
currently building physical therapy equipment for human patients
with the spinal implant.
"Our Breakthrough Award winners not only capture the
imagination, but hold the potential to improve and save
lives," said James B. Meigs, editor-in-chief of Popular
Mechanics, in a press release. The winners are selected by the
editors of Popular Mechanics after soliciting
recommendations from a wide range of experts and past Breakthrough
Award winners in fields ranging from aerospace and robotics to
medicine and energy.
To read more about the awards, go to the Popular Mechanics
website. Full descriptions of the winners are also
available in the November issue of Popular Mechanics, on
newsstands today.


text:
JERUSALEM (CNN) — Israeli settlers on Sunday set Palestinian fields and olive groves on fire after their illegal outpost in the West Bank was dismantled, Israeli military sources told CNN.
Israeli authorities arrested 13 settlers who refused orders to evacuate the Mitzpe Ami outpost near the West Bank settlement of Kedumim, an army spokesman said.
There were no injuries reported in the incident. The outpost is considered illegal under Israeli law.
The incident happened as the top U.S. envoy to the region, George Mitchell, wraps up his visit to the region, part of an effort to restart stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. The United States has pressured Israel to halt settlement construction and dismantle illegal outposts.


text:
Weekly Problem 7 - 2012
A disc with a pencil inside it is rolled around the outside and inside of a wire equilateral triangle. What shape is drawn by the pencil?
Weekly Problem 36 - 2013
The white square slides once around the pink square. Through what distance does the point P on the white square move?
Weekly Problem 51 - 2009
Mark writes four points on a line at different lengths. What is the distance between the two points furthest apart?
Weekly Problem 37 - 2011
Rotating a pencil twice about two different points gives surprising results...
Weekly Problem 9 - 2015
How many triangles can Jack draw with two sides of lengths $6$cm and $8$cm and an area of $7$cm$^2$?
Weekly Problem 45 - 2011
What shapes can be made by folding an A4 sheet of paper only once?
Weekly Problem 29 - 2014
snail is at one corner of a cube. What proportion of the surface of the cube could the snail reach in one hour?
Weekly Problem 36 - 2014
An equilateral triangle is rolled along a line. What is the length of the path traced out by one of its vertices?


text:
Collaborative research seeks to create bacterial fingerprint system
Sunil Palchaudhuri, Ph.D., left, and Steven Rehse, Ph.D., prepare a bacterial culture for Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.
Sunil Palchaudhuri, D.Sc., Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Immunology and Microbiology in the School of Medicine, and Steven Rehse, Ph.D., an assistant professor of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, are using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to identify the atomic "fingerprints" of bacteria. Their goal is to develop a computerized reference library of bacterial fingerprints to speed identification of infection and treatment, as well as assist in selection of specified antibiotics rather than an attack with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, or LIBS, works like this: An intense pulse of laser light, Dr. Rehse explained, vaporizes a small amount of the targeted substance, in this case, bacteria. The vaporization causes a plasma plume in which the bacteria's base elements are excited and ionized. As the plume cools, the atoms, ions and molecules lose energy by emitting optical wavelength photons. This resulting light, he said, is collected by a spectrometer, and the peaks are analyzed to identify all the elements that were initially present in the targeted substance. The process can be used to identify elements in the target or how much of a substance the target contained.
After a blood sample is taken and the bacteria are separated from the human cells, the bacteria sample is mounted on a glass slide or agar bed. The sample is then exposed to a laser beam produced by an infrared pulsed laser. In effect, the laser burns away all of the atoms in the bacteria, creating a glowing spark called a plasma. The light from the spark is collected by an optical fiber in an Echelle spectrometer and the information is fed into a computer for analysis. The computer then reads the resulting spectrum to produce an atomic fingerprint unique to each bacterial species. That fingerprint can be read against an ongoing library of such files until a match is found, identifying the strain of bacteria.
"The photons given off during spontaneous emission can be collected and spectrally analyzed, which provides a 'spectral fingerprint' of all the constituent elements of the target and the plasma," Dr. Rehse said. "Since each element has a unique spectral fingerprint, relative and absolute elemental concentrations within the target material can be determined."
Such technology, Dr. Palchaudhuri said, is "desperately needed to identify bacteria in clinical samples and patients at 'time zero' – the time when a clinical sample of blood, urine or sputum is obtained – with little or no sample preparation. This ability to identify the bacteria onsite will help doctors initiate treatment of the disease immediately, without waiting for offsite lab results to return."
Ultimately, Dr. Palchaudhuri and Dr. Rehse said, physicians, nurses and technicians could take a sample from a patient and have an accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection within minutes or an hour instead of days or weeks.
Such technology could play a crucial role in outbreaks of illness such as tuberculosis or meningitis, not only in the treatment of patients, but in tracing the strain to help identify the origin and spread of the disease. The technology could also provide rapid identification of biochemical warfare agents used against the military or civilian targets.
"With LIBS, we hope to provide an immediate diagnosis of multiple pathogens in multiple sectors across our society -- medical, food and environment -- at a relatively low cost," Dr. Palchaudhuri said.
As an example, he pointed to recent outbreaks of salmonella and E. coli strains in the nation's food source. Some E. coli strains can be deadly if consumed via contaminated food. The various strains are closely linked, and physicians and lab technicians require days to develop cultures to identify the strain they are treating. A LIBS reference system, however, could quickly identify the trace atomic differences between the strains, helping identify not only the potential source of contamination, but also better inform physicians which antibiotic to prescribe.
Accurate identification could also minimize the use of antibiotics. Delay and uncertainty of identification, Dr. Palchaudhuri said, have led to "ever-increasing rates of food-borne and water-borne outbreaks globally. In consequence, overuse and abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics not only costs billions of dollars, but also helps evolve antibiotic resistant bacteria."
Dr. Rehse points out that LIBS systems are already in use in a number of applications. The Army has a prototype system that can identify explosive powders on roadside objects from a distance of up to 100 meters. The system is mounted on a Humvee and could be used to detect the presence of roadside improvised explosive devices. Similar systems are in place in European factories, used to sort recyclable materials and for glass quality control analysis. A commercial instrument, the PharmaLIBS, incorporates the same technology to sort and classify pharmaceuticals in real time.
A LIBS system, Dr. Rehse added, is scheduled to go into space as part of the 2012 Mars Science Laboratory to chemically characterize rocks up to five meters from the surface rover, and search for the existence of exobiological signatures – signs of chemical evolution on the planet.
"The technology is mature, field-able, and ready for design and implementation now. This is not a 'laboratory-only' technique," Dr. Rehse said. "But, up until now, Sunil and I are really the only people who are interested in its use to identify bacteria. We are applying for funding from multiple sources, but our proposal to the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency would have us producing (in conjunction with private sector and Army collaborators) a working prototype in three to four years. This would be able to test a human specimen of blood, urine, or some other fluid and identify bacteria in it."


text:
- Marc's Blog (current)
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Future steps: exoskeleton lets paralyzed snowmobiler walk again
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text:
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- May 17, 2013 | 5:37 AM EDT
- File Info
- Song
- 5 min 13 sec
- Score
- 4.51 / 5.00
Related Content
Licensing Terms
You may not use this work for commercial purposes without making specific arrangements with the artist UNLESS your work is a web-based game or animation, in which case you may use this freely.
- Score:
- Rated 4.51 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 2,799 Plays | 205 Downloads
- Share Links:
- Genres:
- Metal, Rock - Heavy Metal
- None
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Rated 4 / 5 stars
Hey man this song was awesome, just here to let you know that it rocked! Rock on bro
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Well if John Petrucci ever decides to leave DT... I think we all know the Jon that should replace him haha
Amzing track as always and keep it metal man \m/
If Petrucci ever left DT I would kill myself!!! lol Thanks for listening dude! :D
Rated 5 / 5 stars
great song.
it rocks.
great work.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Got to agree with everyone else really. Sounding pretty awesome, and nice job on the mix! Where this programmed drums by the way? And just curious but how where the guitars recorded, through a DI or from a mic in front of a cab? Either way sounds great!
Thanks! The drums are programmed as always. As for the guitars I recorded them using my podhd going into my usb audio interface. No micing or cabs here!


text:
Customer Finds
Location: Mid-West
Metal Detector Used: Spectra Series (800-0319-HP)
I'm writing to tell you the story of my White's Spectra V3i survival in the May 20, 2013, Moore Oklahoma EF5 tornado. My wife and I watched the tornado take our home and everything in it through the rear view mirrors in my truck, as we high tailed it away. We returned later to find a heap of debris where our house once stood; 30 years of memories. Though we fared better than those that had lost loved ones as well as their home. In the days that followed, family and friends helped us recover irreplaceable's; photos, pieces of Grandmas china and the like that could be found. Among the twisted timber & bricks I spied my White's soft zipper bag that contained my Spectra V3i. I had to work awhile to clear a path to it; it was clearly nowhere near where I had it stored. The detector had been lifted out of the house, along with everything else, spent who knows how long swirling in the air then tossed into the debris field. To add insult to injury - the remains of the house was dropped on it. Once I got to it, I carefully brushed off the bag and laid it in the back of my truck. It didn't resemble a pretzel, but I was sure it was toast, I would have to check on it later - there was too many other pressing matters to attend to. The Spectra found its way into the corner of a storage unit, where it stood for weeks. I still hadn't even unzipped the bag, let alone try to turn it on - I was afraid to. During a recent weekend, now in my new house, my brother in-law was visiting. He being my "detector buddy"; we've been swinging detectors (always White's BTW) and telling lies for decades. He asked if I had checked out my Spectra yet, and I said I hadn't - in short order we were on the way to the storage unit. We unzipped the bag, pulling out the Spectra and inspected it; all seems straight and proper. I've never been able to completely close the zipper on the bag where the detector head pokes up. This cost me, as the screen took a hit from "something". Though that's all the external damage I could find; I was really happy about that. I placed a battery pack in it (my brother-in-law loaned me one, never found mine in the tornado debris). I crossed my fingers and turned it on. To my delight it lit up just like it always had and immediately let me know I was standing in an all metal storage unit. Even the scratched screen is in good working order. I was SO happy ! I carried it outside, a few swings over a clad quarter, and my wish had come true. The display, electronics, box, stem and coil were all intact - the Spectra V3i had kicked that EF5 tornado's butt and lived to tell the story. It's my only detector so when it lit up I was relived beyond belief. (sold my old 6000 Di/Pro on ebay after I had the V3i in hand.) I want to thank everyone at White's for building the best - and TOUGHEST - detector ever. Lifetime detectorist - Lifetime White's customer


text:
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text:
Have a friend working on my site running WP3.2
She copied some text from an email into TextEdit (Mac) the copied that and pasted it into a post via HTML mode. No funny characters show-up either in HTML or Visual modes but the published text will not word-wrap in the post.
It can see the linebreaks as there are spaces between those lines but paragraphs just go on forever to the right. I inspected in HTML mode and did not find any text formatting, it's all just plain text. I also cut that text out, pasted it into TextWrangler to look for invisible characters, none found. I pasted back in the post and it still would not wrap on the published single post page.
Finally switched to vision, re-pasted that into HTML mode, that seems to have done the trick and the text wraps appropriately in the published post.
We're trying to replicate the steps which caused the issue.


text:
I need to find the rows where a certain column contains line feed.
This does not work: select * from [table] where [column] like '%\n%'
In SO, I found the solution for SQL Server: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1085662/new-line-in-sql-query
But this does not work in Oracle. Is there any ANSI SQL solution? This should be a standard...
If not, what is the solution in Oracle?


text:
Design Software
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text:
Re: CAP ONE EXEC OFFICE!
Would one of you be so kind as to PM the email you used also? I have the email address, but have been struggling with what other information should I put in the email besides saying I would like an increase of course and why (acct number, phone number?). Thanks for the help!
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