text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 25, 2007
|Filing date
|Nov 17, 2006
|Priority date
|Jan 7, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|E. Michael Ackley, Jr., Samuel J. Louden, James M. Suttle, Michael E. Webster, Neil A. Willcocks, Michael S. Wozniak
|Original Assignee
|Ackley Machine Corp., Mars, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (45), Referenced by (12), Classifications (42), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/619,571, filed Jul. 16, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,182,018, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/479,549, filed Jan. 7, 2000, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of printing images onto edible pieces. Most preferably, this invention relates to the method of forming multicolor images on non-planar surfaces of confectionery and pharmaceutical pieces/tablets. The invention also relates to an apparatus for practicing the method of the invention and to edible shaped pieces having a multicolor registered composite image on a non-planar surface thereof.
2. Related Background
Many edible items ("pieces") have a sugar shell outer coating. Such outer sugar shells serve many functions, including preserving the inner ingredients and presenting an attractive exterior. Further, the outer sugar shell can serve as a substrate on which an image or design is formed. Such images or designs can be, for example, an identifying trademark such as the "M" on M&M's� Chocolate Candies pieces, or marks to identify the inner ingredients in the case of drugs or dietary supplements.
Many methods are known to form a one-color design on to an edible piece. U.S. Pat. No. 3,052,552, for example, describes a method of printing chewing gum slabs prior to the slabs being cut into sticks of individual gum pieces.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,047 describes a method of imprinting shapes of multiple colors inside confectionery products by partially filling and solidifying a confectionery material in a mold, dispersing edible ink onto the solidified mixture through an etched plate, and filling the remainder of the mold with confectionery material.
It would be desirable to form multicolor designs on surfaces of edible pieces, particularly non-planar surfaces, at high production speeds. Multicolor designs are conveniently produced by the application of a sequence of images, each image being a single color. The cumulative effect is of a multicolor image or design. Such multiple applications of images require that each applied image be in registry with the previously applied images and with any subsequently applied images to achieve the desired composite image. Images applied out of registry will result in smearing, skewing, overprinting, or other erroneous and faulty results.
Many multicolor printing methods are known in the graphic arts for non-food products. These methods include relief printing, stamp-printing, offset printing, pad printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing, and silk-screen printing. Direct transfer of such methods to multicolor printing on edible pieces, however, is difficult—particularly for printing onto non-planar surfaces. The handling of edible pieces entails different considerations from the handling of paper or polymer sheets. Generally, edible pieces require more careful handling to prevent damage or misshaping of the pieces. Further, handling food generally require higher cleanliness.
Methods are known to perform multiple printing onto large solid articles such as bottles and other storage cylinders. U.S. Pat. No. 3,335,658 describes a machine that conveys individual articles, on a disk or endless band, through printing stations and drying stations that are placed at specific distance increments that are not evenly divisible into the periphery distances of the disk or endless band. U.S. Pat. No. 3,735,699 describes an apparatus that applies rolling contact between an article held by a mechanical holder and intermediate belt or rollers. The belt or rollers transfer images onto the contacted, mechanically held article. U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,310 describes transferring a plurality of ink onto the outer periphery of a single ink form roller, pressing a cylindrical container against the ink form roller, and rotating the cylindrical container to transfer the ink images onto the cylindrical container. The above patents are incorporated by reference herein.
Methods are also known to form multicolor images on large food items such as cakes and cookies. U.S. Pat. No. 4,578,273 describes a method of printing by forming a hard, nonporous icing surface and printing one or more edible inks onto the hard surface of the icing. Each piece is manually placed onto a moving mandrel for printing by a pan flex printer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,670,271 describes a food imprinting cassette that transfers an edible coloring material to food when pressure from a stylus is applied to the flexible transfer sheet on which is the coloring material. U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,281 describes a method of making printed foods with a rotary printer that is synchronized with a dough-forming apparatus such as a rotary cutter or rotary molder. U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,775 describes a cake decorating system incorporating a traveling arm extending over the cake surface to carry a colorant cartridge with a drop on demand colorant expulsion system under the control of a central processor. A multiple orifice drop on demand colorant expulsion system allows one pass three color printing. The above patents are incorporated by reference herein.
Other methods are known to form multicolor designs onto flat sheet surfaces of confections. International Patent Publication No. WO 97/16075 describes multicolor printing onto flat sheets of bubble gum situated in a recess having dimensions larger than that of the flat sheets of bubble gum. A guide rail is used to laterally shift the bubble gum sheets against a common side of the recess before printing, but no means are provided to prevent longitudinal shifting, skewing or yawing since the recesses are larger than the bubble gum. It is indicated that a vacuum system inside the apparatus could be used to remove excess starch that falls between the slats of the conveyor bed and that, while dedusting, this vacuum would help hold the gum sheets on the conveyor. However, there is no disclosure or suggestion of a shaped pocket that positions an edible piece in a predetermined position, both laterally and longitudinally without skewing or yawing, and that includes an opening in communication with a vacuum that maintains the registration of an edible shaped piece between a first printing station and a second printing station.
The methods presently available for printing multicolor images onto edible pieces, and particularly onto non-planar surfaces of edible pieces, are limited in their production rates. Multicolor printing on individual pieces require an alignment of each piece within the geometries of each printing step. Such alignment is known as registration. Multicolor printing requires registration in many directions. Further, unlike printing onto flat planar surfaces, printing onto non-planar surfaces requires an added registration alignment in regard to the contour of the non-planar surface. The piece must not be allowed to rock, yaw, or skew from one printing station to the next.
Generally, in mass production the multitude of pieces are moved in relation to the usually stationary print station. Many methods are known to transport pieces, as described in the above patents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,243, incorporated by reference herein, describes a pellet conveyor made up of a plurality of carrier bars each having a surface defining a plurality of pockets. A brush is described that facilitates seating of the pellets in the pockets.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,892, incorporated by reference herein, describes an apparatus for conveying and marking pellet-shaped pieces by utilizing two printing heads positioned along an arcuate transfer path about a transfer drum so as to apply single color indicia to opposite sides of the pellets. U.S. Pat. No. 5,423,252, incorporated by reference herein, describes a capsule or tablet (article) printer in which a vacuum is applied below a transporting belt to vacuum holes provided in article receiving pockets. In one embodiment, a first printing unit 110 prints on one side of the article, and another printing unit 110′ prints on a second side of the article. However, there is no disclosure of applying a vacuum at and between the first and second printing units, registering the printing between the first and second sides of the article, or of the particular vacuum holes or carrier bars.
Most designs that incorporate component images to form, in combination, a multicolor composite image, require registration in many directions besides the longitudinal direction of movement of the pieces. There must be registration transverse to the longitudinal movement direction to prevent images being inadvertently offset. There also must be registration in the third coordinate orthogonal to the longitudinal movement direction and the transverse direction. Finally, particularly important for non-planar surfaces, there should be registration in regard to any of three rotational orthogonal axes centered at each piece.
The above described methods generally require that the individual pieces be mounted in a fixture or holder that mechanically fixes each piece in registration. The manually aligned methods are too slow for mass production rates except for food items made at low throughput such as cakes. The above mechanical attachment methods also require complex components that can become misaligned, broken, or jammed at high production speeds. Further, many food items are delicate and not amenable to such mechanical forces that may be needed to maintain adequate registration of printing at high production speeds.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,281 produces baked goods at moderate production rates by utilizing the inherent stickiness or tackiness of the dough, which must sufficiently adhere to the continuous web conveyor in order to ensure no relevant movement between the dough and the web, for proper alignment and registration with the printing apparatus. Methods that rely on the tackiness of the individual pieces or of the conveying belt are limited in their production speed because the various production steps must be carefully controlled to avoid breaking the adhesive bond between the individual pieces and the conveying belt. Further, the production speed is constrained by diametrically opposite considerations with regard to the stickiness of the adhesive bond. Higher printing speeds require higher levels of stickiness, but higher offloading speeds require lower levels of stickiness. In other words, higher stickiness holds the pieces in position more firmly to allow higher throughput in printing but higher stickiness prevents the pieces from being released quickly after their being printed. Thus, the above methods are incapable of multicolor printing onto surfaces of edible pieces, particularly onto non-planar surfaces of edible pieces, at high production speeds.
Presently, at high speed mass production, designs applied to non-planar surfaces of edible pieces are limited to one-color designs (or multiple independent designs that can be of different colors, but are unrelated to each other) because it is very difficult to apply consecutive images in registry to non-planar surfaces of edible pieces. That is, after the application of one image, the piece shifts or moves before the application of the next image, thereby causing the images to be out of registry. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a method to form multiple images in registry onto surfaces of edible pieces, and particularly onto non-planar surfaces of edible pieces, at high production rates.
This invention prints multicolor images, formed from at least two component images, on surfaces of edible pieces by maintaining registration of the pieces from one printing station to another. The registration is maintained by firmly securing the pieces to the transporting surface by, for example, applying a pressure differential and/or by applying a mechanical trapping of the pieces to a transporting recess.
This invention is directed to a method to form multiple images in substantial registration on edible pieces, by the steps of i) forming an image on a surface of an edible piece to form a printed piece at a first printing station, ii) transporting the printed piece to a second printing station and maintaining a registering relationship of the printed piece from the first printing station to the second printing station by applying a pressure differential to a portion of the piece effective to maintain the printed piece in a set position in a transporting recess; and iii) forming a second image on the printed piece while maintaining the registering relationship. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the multiple images in substantial registration are formed on at least one non-planar surface of the edible pieces. In yet another embodiment of this invention, the printed piece is maintained in the set position against a resilient portion of the transporting recess.
Yet another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of forming multiple images in substantial registration on edible pieces, by the steps of i) forming an image on a surface of an edible piece to form a printed piece at a first printing station; ii) transporting the printed piece to a second printing station and maintaining a registering relationship of the printed piece from the first printing station to the second printing station, by trapping the printed piece between a portion of a transporting recess and a retaining member; and iii) forming a second image on the printed piece while maintaining the registering relationship. Preferably, the printed surface of the edible piece is non-planar.
Another embodiment of this invention includes an apparatus for printing a multicolor image formed from at least two component images on at least one surface of a multitude of edible pieces. The apparatus includes a first printing station effective to print a first component image on a surface of the pieces at a first printing position and a second printing station effective to print a subsequent second component image on the surface of the pieces at a second printing position. A transporting surface moves the edible particles from the first printing position to the second printing position. The transporting surface includes a plurality of transporting recess portions, each recess adapted to accept a single edible piece. Preferably the recess portions are adapted to receive a shaped piece having at least one non-planar surface. Each transporting recess portion includes an opening which communicates with a vacuum source. A reduced pressure is applied to the opening effective to hold the piece in position to maintain a registering relationship of the first component image and the second component image on the surface of the piece. In a particularly preferred embodiment each transport recess includes a resilient portion. The resilient portion in cooperation with the reduced pressure retains the piece in the transporting recess portion in a set position during transport from the first printing station to the second printing station to maintain a registering relationship of the first component image and the second component image.
Still another embodiment of this invention includes an apparatus for printing a multicolor image formed from at least two component images on at least one surface of a multitude of edible pieces that includes a first printing station effective to print a first component image on the surface of the pieces at a first printing position and a second printing station effective to print a subsequent second component image on the surface of the pieces at a second printing position. A transporting surface for moving the edible pieces from the first printing position to the second printing position includes a plurality of transporting recess portions. There is at least one retaining member for each transporting recess portion effective to removably trap the edible piece in the transporting recess portion to maintain a registering relationship of the first component image and the second component image. Each transport recess portion is adapted to accept a single edible piece, and more preferably a single edible piece having at least one non-planar surface.
This invention is also directed to an edible shaped piece having a multicolored composite image formed from at least two component images of edible printing inks deposited on at least one non-planar surface of the edible shaped piece. Particularly preferred edible shaped pieces include shaped confectionery pieces and pharmaceutical capsules, caplets and tablets. More preferably, the edible pieces of this invention are lentil, oval, spherical, or the like shaped confectionery, most preferably sugar shell coated confectionery such as for example, M&M's� Chocolate Candies pieces, Skittle� candies and the like.
As used herein, shaped edible piece means an edible piece that is not substantially in the form of a sheet. Such a piece may have planar surfaces, non-planar surfaces or a combination of planar and non-planar surfaces. It is an object of the present invention to include methods of handling and transporting shaped edible pieces which present technical challenges as compared with the handling and transporting of sheet-like pieces.
In preferred embodiments, the shaped edible pieces of the present invention have at least one non-planar printing surface. A non-planar surface, as used herein, is any surface having a radius of curvature.
The method of this invention forms composite images, composed of at least two component images, on edible pieces by maintaining the orientation of each piece from one printing station to another printing station effective to substantially form each component image in registration to each other. The registration of each component image is maintained by causing each piece to remain in a constant orientation with respect to the surface that transports the pieces from printing station to printing station. The orientation of the pieces to the transporting surface is fixed by firmly securing each piece to a recess portion of the transporting surface.
As described above, multicolor printing refers to the formation of an image (a composite image), which can be, for example, graphic, type, or mixture of type and graphic, from a sequence of component images. Each component image can also be graphic and/or type and each component image can be a different color, the same color, a different hue, or a different value of a color. Each component image can be formed for example from lines, dots, solid colored areas, varying color density areas, or mixtures.
Generally, as is the practice in the flat sheet printing arts, each composite image in multicolor printing corresponds to one "color". However, in special design circumstances, a component image can itself be formed from more than one color. For example, a printing station can form a component image from a inkjet head that deposits two or more colors. Nevertheless, as used herein, "multicolor" refers to forming component images from at least two printing stations; the two color inkjet head example being considered as one printing station. Thus, printing three colors by forming two component images using two printing stations, one being a two color inkjet head station, is contemplated by this invention. However, it is preferred that each printing station be one color because such single color printing allows faster production rates than use of multiple-color printing heads.
Each component image is formed by a process referred to as printing. Production of printed edible pieces in a typical high speed mass production process can be described schematically by a sequence of processes. The edible pieces may be first formed by processes known in the art or by processes not yet developed. Then the pieces are dispersed, generally according to a conveniently designed plan, in order to present each piece to the printing processes. In particular, the pieces are dispersed onto a transporting surface that carries the pieces as they receive the component images. Each component image is formed, at a printing position, as the pieces pass through a printing station.
Referring to
Preferably, the first component image dries prior to printing the second component image. Drying time and drying conditions may be altered to suit the requirements of different printing methods or images. Methods of altering the drying time or drying conditions include, without limitation: changing the speed of the conveying apparatus; changing the volume of air (or other gases) to which the pieces are exposed during drying; changing the condition of the air to which the pieces are exposed during drying (for example, its relative humidity and temperature); and changing the distance between printing stations.
Although the invention is described by at least two printing stations and a transport surface effective to maintain the registration of the images formed at each printing station respectively to each other, this invention includes holding the transport surface stationary after having the edible pieces distributed on it while the printing stations are moved to print the component images. Thus, the transporting surface can be, for example, a batch processing surface having receiving recesses of this invention for the edible pieces. After loading the recesses with the edible pieces, the printing stations are brought to sequentially print the component images on the edible pieces. In addition, both the transport surface and the printing stations may be moveable so long as a registered relationship is maintained from the first printing position to the second printing position.
An aspect of this invention is that the pieces maintain a fixed orientation with the transporting surface from one printing station to another printing station in order to maintain registration of each component image. With the pieces maintaining an orientation with the transporting surface, the registration would depend on the precision of the transporting surface, which is more easily controlled than the movement of a multitude of pieces.
Registration of a composite image formed from at least a first component image and a second component image is generally measured as the distance the first component image is off from its designed placement in the composite image relative to the second component image. It is preferable that the registration be maintained at better than 1/64″ (0.40 mm), more preferably better than 10/1000″ (0.25 mm), most preferably better than 2/1000″ (0.05 mm). By better than 1/64″ (0.40 mm), it is meant that one component image is within 1/64 (0.40 mm) of an inch from its designed placement on the edible piece relative to another component image. In the case of a skew error, the distance is measured at the maximum displacement from the designed placement. A determination of registration error requires printing of at least two component images and measuring the maximum displaced distance of one component image relative to another component image.
It is apparent that the amount of registration error that is acceptable depends on the design and on the size of the edible piece. The registration must be maintained to a higher standard to form, for example, a two color whimsical face on Mini M&M's� Chocolate Candies pieces, which are about 9.3 mm in diameter, than to form a proportionately larger two color whimsical face on M&M's� Peanut Candies pieces, which are about 14.4 mm in their smallest dimension.
It will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that smaller or larger size shaped edible pieces may be used as desired.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
It is apparent that the colors of the above component images are determined by the edible ink that is used. It is well known in the art which inks can be utilized to effect the desired properties of, for example, color, hue, intensity, and opacity.
One embodiment of this invention maintains the orientation of the edible pieces with the transporting surface by providing recesses adapted to receive the edible pieces and firmly maintaining the pieces in the recess by applying a reduced pressure in an opening in the recess. Thus, the pieces are firmly secured in the recesses by a vacuum or reduced pressure applied to the pieces.
Another embodiment of this invention maintains the orientation of the edible pieces with the transporting surface by providing recesses, having resilient portions, adapted to receive the edible pieces and firmly maintaining the pieces in the recess by applying a reduced pressure in an opening in the recess. The resilient portions conform to the edible piece contour. Thus, the pieces are firmly secured in the recesses by a vacuum or reduced pressure applied to the pieces.
The printing of each component image can be by any convenient printing process such as, for example, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet printing, or stamp pad printing. Stamp pad printing offers a higher definition than the other printing methods but at much reduced production rates. Offset and flexographic printing are preferred because of their lower costs and higher production rates. However, as described below, inkjet printing is preferred for pieces with softer or rougher surfaces.
The edible pieces used in the method of this invention can be any convenient edible shaped article such as, for example, candies, nuts, cookies, vitamin tablets, pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, caplets, panned confectioneries, pressed confectioneries, confectionery lentil pieces, rice, beans, pasta, pet food nuggets, pet food biscuits, ice cream, and the like. Preferably the edible pieces have a non-planar surface upon which the composite image is printed.
The methods of this invention allow for the printing of registered composite images onto edible pieces at high production rates. It is preferred that the production rate be at least 200,000 edible pieces per hour, more preferably 400,000 edible pieces per hour, and even more preferably 500,000 edible pieces per hour. The production rates above are expressed in terms of total output. The production rate may also be expressed in terms of pieces per hour per lane, in a multi-lane machine. In a preferred embodiment, the production rate is preferably at least 1,000 pieces per hour per lane, more preferably greater than 10,000 pieces per hour per lane, and most preferably greater than 50,000 pieces per hour per lane.
In an offset printing process, the image is first formed as an engraved negative image on an etched roll. The etched roll is inked effective to transfer an ink positive image to a rubber roll. The ink image is then transferred to the receiving surface by firmly contacting the ink image to the receiving surface. When using an offset printing process, the receiving surface of each edible piece should be sufficiently firm (readily determined by one in the art) to accept the printing rubber roll without damage. Thus, for edible pieces having a soft or crumbling surface—such as, for example, cookies, baked goods, or chocolate nuggets—it is preferred that a hard shell such as a candy shell encase the piece. Other edible pieces are manufactured in a very firm state and thus can be printed by offset printing without a coating. Such edible pieces include, for example, dry pasta, raw dry rice, dry beans, and pharmaceutical capsules, caplets and tablets. Ice creams are often made with a frozen coating sufficiently firm to act as a receiving surface for offset printing.
In a stamp printing process, images are formed as a raised surface on a stamping pad. Ink is applied to the raised surface and the image is transferred to the receiving surface by firmly pressing the raised surface against the receiving surface. In this process, the receiving surface generally needs to be more firm, readily determined by one in the art, than that firmness required for offset printing.
In the pad printing process, similar to offset printing process, ink is applied to a negative etched image. The inked image is transferred in positive image form to a resilient surface print pad that prints onto a receiving surface.
In an inkjet printing process, ink is applied as a stream of ink particles or aerosols directly on to a receiving surface. Thus, an image can be formed on soft or crumbling surfaces because no contact is made other than by the jet of ink.
Nevertheless, in utilizing a vacuum or a pressure differential to maintain the position of an edible piece with respect to the transporting surface, the edible piece should be of sufficiently low porosity, readily determined by one in the art, to respond to the applied pressure differential to firmly press, set or fix the edible piece against the transporting surface.
Referring to
Substrate 100, ie. the transporting surface, can be composed of any convenient suitable material such as, for example, metal, polymer, plastic, composite, or ceramic. Substrate 100 can be any convenient shape such as, for example, an endless belt, a disk, a ring, or a pin bed. Substrate 100 can be formed from a plurality of convenient elements such as, for example, flat bars, or scalloped edged flat plates. Further, each element can include one or more recess portions. For example, a moving substrate is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,146, incorporated herein by reference.
A seal (not shown) may be between elements to assist in maintaining the reduced pressure in chamber 104. Such seals can be formed, for example, by machining the elements to close mating tolerances, by positioning gasket material between the elements, by positioning sealing material to bridge the gap between the elements, e.g., see
Substrate 100 can be moved by any convenient method (not shown) well known in the art such as, for example, by stepping motors, continuous motors, or servo controllers acting on the substrate directly or through any of gears, pulleys, chains, or sprockets; including as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,146. Generally, the movement of the substrate is coordinated with the printing stations. Such coordination (not shown) can be achieved utilizing any convenient method such as, for example, through any of gears, pulleys, chains or sprockets. Such coordination is described for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,146.
Base 103 can be composed of any convenient material such as, for example, metal, polymer, composite, or ceramic. Base 103 can be of any convenient shape and can include one or more supports 107, or plenum dividers, to assist in maintaining the shape of substrate 100 against the pressure differential across the substrate. Supports 107 can optionally include one or more slide elements 108 to facilitate movement of substrate 100 relative to base 103. Slide element 108 can conveniently be a slippery polymer such as a polyfluorinated polymer or a nylon. Slide element can also be any convenient mechanical element such as, for example, roller bearing, ball bearing, oiled bronze runner, or smooth metal. Supports 107 can optionally include one or more openings 109 to facilitate distribution of reduced pressure through chamber 104.
Optional seal 106 assists in maintaining a reduced pressure in chamber 104. It is preferable to include seal 106 to minimize pump capacity requirements. Seal 106 can be any convenient seal such as, for example, a nylon portion, an interlocking geometry, and the like. Seal 106 also serves as a sliding element.
Recess 101 can be any convenient shape effective to accept a convenient piece substantially in a consistent orientation. Such shapes can conveniently be in correspondence with the shape of the edible piece to be accepted. The recesses may also be shaped so that edible pieces may be positioned laterally, longitudinally and rotationally within the recesses in a predetermined position, and also aid in preventing skewing and yawing of the edible pieces. However, recess 101 can have a shape substantially different from the shape of the edible piece to be accepted in order to facilitate the receiving of the edible pieces from the input feeding station onto the substrate. Such shapes are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,146, 5,768,996, 5,836,243, and 5,655,453, each incorporated by reference herein. Other examples of recesses are shown in
The recesses utilized in this invention preferably allow the surface of the edible piece, and particularly a non-planar surface of the edible piece, to be above the surface proximate to the recess—that is, the printing should be performed "proud" as opposed to printing in "relief". Thus, the depth of the recess should be less than the thickness of the edible piece, measured from the printing surface of the piece, in order to allow the surface to protrude and be proud in relation to the surface proximate to the recess. Such proud printing advantageously presents more of the non-planar surface of the piece to the printing process. Thus, a larger portion of the non-planar surface of an edible piece can be printed as compared to relief printing where the non-planar surface, or a portion thereof, of the edible piece is below the surface proximate to the recess.
The vacuum or pressure differential can be provided by any convenient method such as, for example, by utilizing a vacuum pump, and a transverse airflow across the vacuum holes (the Bernoulli effect).
The printing unit 3 may be formed as part of a module M that can be readily removed from the loop L by shortening the chain and removing a set number of carrier bars. Conversely, additional modules M can be added by lengthening the chain and adding carrier bars.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a first vacuum pump V1 controls the pressure at and between each of the printing units 1-3. A plenum system is provided below the printing stations 1-3. A vacuum pressure P1 is applied to first and second portions of the plenum immediately below the first and second printing units 1, respectively. Preferably, the pressure P1 is higher than vacuum pressure P2 applied to a third portion of the plenum system between the first and second printing units 1 and 2. A valve system can be used to create different pressures using a single vacuum pump. The vacuum pressure P1 is higher than the vacuum pressure P2 because the edible pieces tend to adhere to the printing roll of the printing units 1 and 2. For example, the vacuum pump V1 can be a 6-8 hp motor having a capacity of 300-400 cfm, depending on the type of piece being conveyed. The vacuum pump V2 can form a part of the module M and may be a 5.5 hp motor having a capacity of 240 cfm, depending on the type of piece conveyed. The vacuum pump V2 may be smaller than the vacuum pump V1 because the vacuum pump V1 supplies vacuum pressure below printing units 1 and 2 as well as between those units, whereas the vacuum pump V2 supplies vacuum pressure only to the third printing unit 3 as well as between printing units 2 and 3.
In particular applications, where a pressurized processing step may be required between applications of images, the pressure differential can conveniently be provided by the difference between the raised pressure and atmospheric (or lower) pressure. Nevertheless, it is preferable to supply reduced pressure to assure that the pieces are firmly secured to the recesses.
As described above, the action of the vacuum or pressure on the edible pieces is formed by positioning the edible piece between a volume of higher pressure and a volume of lower pressure effective to firmly urge the edible piece against a transporting surface. This pressure differential is formed by any convenient method such as, for example, providing at least one opening in a transporting surface effective to provide access from a volume of higher pressure to a volume of lower pressure. By positioning an edible piece over at least one such opening, the force arising from the pressure differential is applied to the edible piece, urging the piece in the recess against the transporting surface.
Printing processes that utilize contact of a printing surface to the receiving surface subject the receiving surface to a force that tends to urge the receiving surface towards the printing surface as the printing surface moves away from the receiving surface after printing. Such urging is caused by the ink that is momentarily between the receiving surface and the printing surface, and by the resilience of the printing surface. The ink acts as a bonding medium between the two surfaces to urge the receiving surface towards the printing surface; the rebound of the resilient printing surface is transferred to the printing surface to urge the receiving surface in the same direction as the rebounding printing surface.
Therefore, less force is needed to maintain the position of the edible piece while the edible piece is between printing stations than during the printing operations at the printing stations. Thus, one example of this invention provides added vacuum at the printing stations 601 and 602, particularly at printing positions 604 and 605, to minimize the reduced-pressure supply requirements. That is, less reduced-pressure is applied to the edible pieces when the pieces are not at the printing positions. Such pressure allocation can be by any convenient method well known to one in the art such as, for example, by ducting, by baffles, by added pumps, or by volume differentiation.
The recesses can also be formed in detachable elements that can be fixed to a transport surface. Referring to
In one example, element 300 is shown in cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of transporting the pieces to the printer. In this example, element 300 is preferably substantially long in the direction into the paper and can be described as a slat or bar. Element 300, when formed as a slat, preferably contains a multitude of recesses 301. The slat can be mounted or removed by a quick release mechanism as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,499, incorporated herein by reference.
Element 300 can also, in another example, be described by
Referring to
In situations such as, for example, an endless belt, the overlapping geometry of the left and right sides of element 400 can provide a seal to minimize vacuum pump requirements.
Recesses 401 are adapted to facilitate loading of pieces 420. Pieces can be dropped from a hopper and urged to the proper position relative to the recesses. Methods to distribute pieces to a consistent position in an array are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,433,146, 5,768,996, 5,863,243, 5,655,453, and 5,630,499. Such urging can be also include any convenient method such as by vibrating, brushing, or by the action of a designed geometry of the hopper and the receiving transport surface. After piece 420 is in the proper position, vacuum is applied to firmly secure piece 420 to element 400.
Referring to
It is preferable that the openings that provide communication to reduced pressure be positioned to urge the piece into the proper position relative to the recess.
Recesses having resilient portions can also be formed directly on the transport surfaces. As described above, such resilient portions can be formed from rubber, urethane, teflon, nylon, and the like.
In another embodiment, the edible piece is positioned in a recess that includes a surface portion formed from a resilient material. Referring to
Resilient portion 244 can be formed by any convenient method such as, for example, coating a surface portion of recess 201 with a resilient layer. The resilient layer can be conveniently formed from, for example, rubber, silicone, elastomer, and the like. Resilient portion 244 can also be formed by one or more inserts 204 made from a the same or similar resilient materials as recited above.
As with recess 101 discussed previously, recess 201 can be any convenient shape effective to accept a convenient piece substantially in a consistent orientation.
Referring to
In another example, referring to
As described above, the non-planar surface of the edible piece can be positioned above the transporting surface. In one embodiment, the piece is raised prior to printing. Referring to
As shown in
In another example, the sleeve is lowered to provide access to the non-planar surface above the transport surface. Referring to
In yet another embodiment, the edible piece is positioned in a recess and held in the recess mechanically by a retaining plate or retaining fingers. Referring to
When retaining plate 830 is urged against edible pieces 820, edible pieces are firmly held in position in recess 801. The urging of plate 830 against edible pieces 820 can be by any convenient method such as, for example, by holddown fingers 840 connected to cam followers 841. As cam followers 841 ride over an appropriate contour (not shown) force is applied or released to the holddown fingers. Force is applied between printing positions effective to maintain registration of the applied component images. Other methods for urging plate 830 against edible pieces 820 can be, for example, utilizing electromagnetic actuators between the retaining plate and the transport surface, applying spring pressure between the retaining plate and a surface above (looking at
Retaining plate 830 can be any convenient shape such as, for example, an open web, and an articulated series of plates. Retaining plate 830 can include any convenient number of retaining member 831. Retaining member 831 can be the inner circumferential contour of opening 832. Retaining member 831 can be formed from a separate material from retaining plate 830 or can be formed from a portion of retaining plate 830. Retaining member 831 can be a series of channels, guides, or placks situated to trap the edible pieces against the recesses.
Optionally, recess 801 includes at least one surface portion 804 that is resilient. Resilient portion 804 assists in maintaining the position of the edible piece in the recess by adapting to variations in the shape of the edible piece and minimizes damage to the edible piece by cushioning the edible piece in the recess.
The edible pieces can also be held in position by retaining members without a retaining plate. Referring to
Optionally, recess 901 includes portions 904A and 904C that can be resilient, as described above for 804. Further, optionally, retaining member 931 can also include resilient portion 904B.
The transporting surface can be held stationary in each of the above examples while the printing stations are moved to print the component images sequentially. Further, the printing stations and the transporting surfaces can be all moved relative to each other and/or relative to the earth so long as the registered relationship of the piece is maintained.
Other variations and modifications of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in this art after careful study of this application. This invention is not to be limited except as set forth in the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 11, 1919
|Mar 23, 1920
|Harold Varble
|Machine for printing upon nuts, &c
|Oct 1, 1947
|Oct 14, 1952
|Homer Laughlin China Company
|Multicolor stamping of dinnerware
|Sep 16, 1959
|Sep 4, 1962
|Beech Nut Life Savers Inc
|Printing on confection items and the resulting product
|Jan 18, 1965
|Nov 2, 1965
|Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical
|Compositions for printing on chewing gum
|Nov 1, 1966
|Aug 15, 1967
|Gerhard Uschmann
|Machine for the multiple printing of solid articles
|Jun 3, 1970
|May 29, 1973
|Braun H
|Elevating device in particular for paint spraying plants
|Sep 21, 1981
|Aug 9, 1983
|Marvin Glass & Associates
|Amusement device for transmitting messages
|Sep 14, 1983
|May 28, 1985
|Daiwa Can Company, Limited
|Method of multi-color printing on cylindrical container
|Oct 24, 1983
|Jul 16, 1985
|Ackley E Michael
|Ink reservoir removing and inserting structure for article marking apparatus
|Apr 7, 1981
|Mar 25, 1986
|Keebler Company
|Printing of foods
|Oct 1, 1984
|Oct 28, 1986
|Matsuoka Machinery Works Co., Ltd.
|Tablet printing device with orienting brush
|Nov 20, 1984
|Dec 30, 1986
|Ackley E Michael
|Apparatus for orienting and printing capsules
|Jun 27, 1985
|Jun 2, 1987
|Joytronix, Inc.
|Food imprinting cassette means
|May 16, 1985
|Jun 16, 1987
|Ackley E Michael
|Apparatus for conveying and marking pellet-shaped articles
|Nov 16, 1987
|Jul 4, 1989
|Ami International
|Method and apparatus for applying advertisements to eggs
|Mar 22, 1988
|Aug 8, 1989
|Kanebo, Ltd.
|Method for manufacture of chewing gums with sectional motif patterns
|Aug 5, 1988
|Mar 6, 1990
|Ackley E Michael
|Ink-jet system for marking pellet-shaped articles
|Mar 6, 1991
|Nov 24, 1992
|Karlyn William M
|Multicolor printing system for the silk-screen printing of compact discs
|Apr 20, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
|Use of edible film to improve the packaging of chewing gum
|Nov 5, 1993
|Jun 13, 1995
|Japan Elanco Company, Ltd.
|Printer for solid articles
|Jan 10, 1994
|Jul 4, 1995
|Karlyn; William M.
|Means for registering a compact disc for the silk-screen printing thereof
|Mar 25, 1993
|Jul 18, 1995
|Ackley; E. Michael
|Apparatus and method for marking pellet-shaped articles
|Sep 29, 1993
|Apr 9, 1996
|Kitos; John
|Cake decorating system
|Nov 23, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|Nabisco, Inc.
|Method of making printed baked goods
|Oct 3, 1994
|Sep 10, 1996
|Van Os Enterprises
|Screen printing apparatus with vacuum conveyor belt
|Dec 15, 1995
|May 20, 1997
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Method and apparatus for releasably fastening a bar-like member to a conveyor belt
|Jun 7, 1995
|Aug 12, 1997
|Ackley; E. Michael
|Method and apparatus for marking pellet shaped articles
|Jan 6, 1997
|Mar 24, 1998
|Averill; Michael J.
|System for the printing of small flat objects using direct rotary printing apparatus
|Mar 17, 1997
|Jun 23, 1998
|Ackley; E. Michael
|Method for maximizing loading efficiency of pellet shaped articles
|Jun 10, 1996
|Nov 10, 1998
|Ahn; Sung-Ae
|Method for imprinting confectionery products with edible ink
|Sep 29, 1997
|Nov 17, 1998
|Ackley; E. Michael
|Carrier bar having contoured pockets and/or scalloped edges for conveying pellet shaped articles
|Dec 1, 1997
|Mar 9, 1999
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Apparatus and method for marking two sides of a pellet-shaped article
|Sep 30, 1997
|Apr 20, 1999
|Ackleey Machine Corporation
|Methods and systems for sensing and rectifying pellet shaped articles for subsequent processing
|May 1, 1998
|Jul 31, 2001
|Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
|Method for producing printed confectionery products
|Jun 7, 1999
|Nov 13, 2001
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Method and apparatus for transporting and processing a plurality of articles, and shaped article having serially registered component images
|Oct 30, 2003
|Oct 3, 2006
|Ackley Machine Corp.
|Method to print multicolor images on edible pieces
|Oct 22, 1988
|Apr 26, 1990
|Tusky Maria
|Device for printing on articles having a thin shell by the pad printing process
|Feb 7, 1991
|Aug 21, 1991
|Oeuromer S.A.
|Egg printing device
|Oct 20, 1993
|May 11, 1994
|Japan Elanco Company Limited
|Printer for solid articles
|Dec 1, 1998
|Jun 2, 1999
|Ackley Machine Corp.
|Apparatus and method for marking two sides of a pellet-shaped article
|Title not available
|Aug 18, 1980
|May 14, 1981
|Marvin Glass & Associates
|Novelty device and method of making the same
|Jul 27, 1990
|Feb 21, 1991
|The Upjohn Company
|Combined ink laser printing of tablets
|Oct 28, 1996
|May 9, 1997
|Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
|Method and apparatus for printing on confectionery products
|Jun 7, 2000
|Dec 14, 2000
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Method and apparatus for transporting and processing a plurality of articles, and shaped article having serially registered component images
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 2007
|Oct 18, 2011
|Ackley Machine Corp.
|Method and apparatus for transporting and processing on-edge tablets
|Apr 8, 2010
|Oct 18, 2011
|Mazzarolo Ivonis M
|Method of manufacturing thermoformed plastic articles and drink cup lid made by such method
|Oct 17, 2011
|Oct 9, 2012
|Ivma Holdings Company
|Method of manufacturing thermoformed plastic articles and drink cup lid made by such method
|Aug 2, 2012
|Jan 14, 2014
|Ivma Holdings Company
|Apparatus for manufacturing thermoformed plastic articles
|Dec 3, 2012
|Feb 3, 2015
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Method and apparatus for transporting pellet-shaped articles
|Apr 1, 2014
|Apr 26, 2016
|Nike, Inc.
|Cylinder with recessed portions for holding tubular articles for printing
|Oct 19, 2006
|Feb 15, 2007
|Mazzarolo Ivonis M
|Method of manufacturing thermoformed plastic articles and drink cup lid made by such method
|Feb 16, 2007
|Aug 23, 2007
|Vasilios Vasiadis
|Device for printing pills, tablets or caplets in a precise manner
|Aug 16, 2007
|Feb 28, 2008
|Ackley Machine Corp.
|Method and apparatus for transporting and processing on-edge tablets
|Apr 8, 2010
|Oct 7, 2010
|Mazzarolo Ivonis M
|Method of Manufacturing Thermoformed Plastic Articles and Drink Cup Lid made by such Method
|Dec 3, 2012
|Oct 24, 2013
|Ackley Machine Corporation
|Method and apparatus for transporting pellet-shaped articles
|Apr 1, 2014
|Oct 9, 2014
|Nike, Inc.
|Vacuum Cylinder With Recessed Portions For Holding Articles For Printing
|U.S. Classification
|101/485, 101/44, 101/35
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 25, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 5, 2014
Owner name: ACKLEY MACHINE CORP., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ACKLEY, E. MICHAEL, JR;LOUDEN, SAMUEL J.;REEL/FRAME:032144/0200
Effective date: 20030203
Owner name: MARS INCORPORATED, VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SUTTLE, JAMES M.;WEBSTER, MICHAEL E.;WILLCOCKS, NEIL A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:032144/0273
Effective date: 20030314
|Jun 10, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
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Is there a good way how to pusnish the black's 6...b6? I didn't saw. Or...this is a good move from black?
Weakening the light squares like that just can't be good, but white must react vigorously. Say something like:
Thanks for an advise. I didn't saw 8.Qf3. Now I am understand how bad is 6...b6.
You're welcome, sir.
very good question hedgehog, since i believe it was me who made this bad move in our game :) i was looking to bring bsp to b7 and momentarily forgot the book move was a6 which i pointed out to you as you were punishing me :) shortly afterwards, thank you IM pfren for your time and the diagram but can i ask you what do you think instead of move 9 in your diagram- a6-instead nb-d7 ?
thank you IM pfren for your time and the diagram but can i ask you what do you think instead of move 9 in your diagram- a6-instead nb-d7 ?
9...Nbd7 is blundering at least an exchange after 10.e5 (white is threatening both the knight on f6, and the rook on a8).
our game took a different line, it ended up down to pwns, i was ahead by a couple of minutes on time but i think hedgehog had a better position, my children arrived home and we agreed a draw(its the truth) but i spent most of the game defending b6-bad move-hedgehog is welcome to post the whole game if he wishes, i enjoyed the game hedgehog and would like to play you again soon-thank you..
IM pfren-yes i see now,sorry- 9 e5 pxp pxp kxp qxrk qxq k-c7+ yes?
n-c7+ sorry..
Yes indeed. Factly, I can't even figure out how Black may pick that knight on a8, it's far from easy.
I feel like black was trying to get into a hedgehog and chose a rather unfortunate move order, hedgehog.
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text:
The academic year is divided into a winter (fall) and a summer semester:
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Kindly consider that most of the lectures are held in German (depending on the lectures you choose).
The Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt offers several lectures in various study fields in English.
You can find the list of all lectures that are taught in English here.
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A Survey of Austrian Culture (course no. 000.007) and the lecture Identities in motion (course no. 821.011) are offered to foreign students to get to know more abot Austrian Culture, History and dimensions of the intercultural learning.
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text: News FocusAVIAN INFLUENZA Pandemic Skeptics Warn Against Crying Wolf Dennis Normile Science 18 Nov 2005:Vol. 310, Issue 5751, pp. 1112-1113DOI: 10.1126/science.310.5751.1112 Dennis NormileFind this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Article Figures & Data Info & Metrics eLetters PDF Log in to view full text Username Enter your Sciencemag.org username. Password Enter the password that accompanies your username. Forgot your username or password?Log in Join/Subscribe Purchase Article Activate Member Account Renew Subscription Recommend a subscription to your library Help for librarians


text:
23 Sep 2011 5:47 AM #21
You said you want to call loadImages() from somewhere in your code (I think your words were 'from a different file').
loadImages is a method of your PlotPanel class (correct?).
In order to call loadImages you need to call it on a specific *instance* of the PlotPanel class.
Now what you tried to do first was to create a new *instance* of PlotPanel and then call loadImages
var a = Ext.create('GraphPanel', {}); a.loadImages(url);
I *think* that you rather wanted to call loadImages to load images into your *existing* panel on the page.
In a previous code snippet you had assigned the id 'plotPanel' to your panel instance.
If this is still the case, you can fetch this *instance* with Ext.getCmp('plotPanel').
Ext.create('Ext.window.Window', { id: 'myWindow', title: 'Gotcha!', width: 200, // ... }); // anywhere else on that page, but AFTER the window has been created (and probably rendered) var window = Ext.getCmp('myWindow'); console.log(window.title); // says 'Gotcha!'
Of course I might be a bit confused about your panels' names and class names (plotPanel, graphPanel, etc).
But I hope it makes sense to you.
23 Sep 2011 6:15 AM #22
Ya I am trying to call the function from a different file. Do I have to make change while calling the function ?
var a = Ext.create('GraphPanel', {}); a.loadImages(url); should i have to call by giving id of graphpanel? Ext.getComponent('graphpanel').loadImages(url);
24 Sep 2011 7:51 AM #23
Now, I understand what you were trying to explain and my problem is solved
Million thanks to you.
You have been an inspiring and patient guide to an extjs newbie.
May be God bless you !!!


text:
I have been receiving an unusual error when I try to access one of my menu items on my site. I have done nothing special or different for this menu item but it gives me a Catchable Fatal Error, any ideas what it could be?
My site is: http://www.fairfaxist.com and the problem arises when I click on link for "What's Being Built" which is a Category link, like most of my other links.
Thanks in advance!


text:
Li Keqiang is set to be named premier of China at the nation's annual parliamentary gathering on Friday in one of the final steps of a carefully planned once-a-decade power handover.
As head of government Li will oversee a sprawling portfolio of domestic and economic affairs, although real decision-making takes place in the top committee of the Communist Party, on which he also sits.
Li and other top leaders took charge of the ruling party four months ago, and their stage-managed selection to the top government posts during the National People's Congress (NPC) rubberstamp parliament this week formalises their authority.
President and party chief Xi Jinping was "elected" on Thursday with more than 99 percent backing, with just one 'no' vote and three abstentions among 2,956 ballots.
State television repeatedly played footage of senior officials casting their ballots to cheery folk music at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
The premier is technically nominated by the president and reviewed by the legislators, and the term officially lasts five years but is normally followed by a second one, for a decade in office.
Li takes charge of the world's second-largest economy as its breakneck growth has steadily slowed and the need to rebalance away from investment and exports and towards domestic consumption looms.
In his current position as one of Wen Jiabao's vice-premiers, observers have praised him for helping China navigate the global financial crisis and pushing forward efforts to restructure the economy.
But like Wen he may face resistance to changes among the provinces and ministries.
Li will run the State Council, or cabinet, along with a number of vice-premiers, who will be named on Saturday, and state councillors, and oversee several dozen ministries and commissions.
"The State Council is responsible for carrying out the principles and policies of the Communist Party of China," the country's official government website explains.
The son of a party official in the poor eastern province of Anhui, Li was sent to the countryside to do manual labour as were many youths during the tumultuous 1966-76 Cultural Revolution.
While overseeing central Henan province in the 1990s, he was criticised for dealing poorly with an HIV/AIDS epidemic that resulted from a tainted blood donation scheme, targeting activists and the media rather than officials.
Fluent in English, he is expected to hold a rare press conference at the close of the NPC on Sunday.


text:
Industry News
Custom Equipment Design Celebrates 30th Anniversary
Custom Equipment Design Inc. (CED), one of the nation's largest bulk bag packaging equipment manufacturers, will celebrate its 30-year anniversary on October 7, 2010. In 1980, the legacy of CED began when Charles "Chuck" DeCrane designed and manufactured the bulk bag filler,...comment
AAR Reports Another Record Week in Intermodal Traffic
The Association of American Railroads (AAR) reports that U.S. railroads saw the highest weekly intermodal volume for 2010 and highest container count on record for the second consecutive week. For the week ending Sept. 25, 2010, intermodal traffic on U.S. railroads totaled 241,167 trailers and...comment
Two-Part Particle Size Reduction Online Training Series
This course is intended for professionals in the processes industries including those in the chemical process industries, biochemical industries, pharmaceuticals, mining, pigment manufacturing, specialty chemicals, agrichemicals, food processing, waste management, and paper processing. The novice...comment
Dow Chief Liveris Elected President, ACC's Dooley Secretary of ICCA
The International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) board of directors has elected Andrew Liveris, chairman and chief executive officer of The Dow Chemical Company, and Cal Dooley, president and chief executive officer of the American Chemistry Council (ACC), as ICCA president and secretary,...comment
Fike Enhances Corporate Web Site
Fike, a leader in industrial and commercial safety solutions, has renovated its corporate website, www.fike.com. The site now features an improved and user-friendly Fike Representative locator, the option for architects and engineers to schedule a "Lunch and Learn", separate event and...comment
Donaldson Torit Launches Web Site for Torit PowerCore Dust Collection Products
Donaldson Company, Inc., a leading worldwide manufacturer of filtration systems, has announced the launch of a Web site that focuses on the company's Torit PowerCore CP- and TG-Series dust collectors at www.donaldson.com/toritpowercore. "The Web site is an effective, user-friendly way...comment
SOCMA Says Small Business Jobs Act Falls Short of Meaningful Assistance
The Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates (SOCMA) today noted the enactment of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, saying the law includes several provisions favorable to small companies but falls short in providing effective, long-term support. "We applaud several of the bill...comment
Filter Media Services Chosen to Introduce Filter Felts, Woven Filter Cloth to North American Market
Testori S.p.A., an international group with more than 100 years of weaving and needle felt production experience in the fabric filtration market, is introducing its product in North America with the assistance of Filter Media Services LLC. Testori is unique in the fabric filtration business,...comment
Malvern Takes Particle Size Business Direct in Japan
Malvern Instruments has marked the extension of its direct operations in Japan with a celebration held on October 1, 2010 at the offices of Malvern Instruments Japan in Kobe. Malvern Instruments Japan was established in February 2003 to manage Malvern's process business in the region. The...comment
3i's Technologies Appoints Adams Brothers as Southeast Reps
3i's Technologies Inc. recently appointed Adams Brothers Inc. as its exclusive sales representatives for the Southeast, covering Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Middle and Eastern Tennessee, and Florida. Adams Brothers serves the Southeast from their headquarters in Atlanta and...comment


text:
I have problem calling a SOAP Web Service.
When I send my signed message from my local machine to the service I get a correct response.
When I do the exact same thing from a machine in the production environment server setup I get a "The signature verification failed" response.
I am not a system administrator, but I imagine that the environment is set up with all the trimmings; load balancing, firewalls, etc.
What would typically tamper with my messages and what could I do about it?
EDIT Forgive the confusion, I am talking about a programmatic SOAP Web Service call and not email.


text:
, Volume 21, Issue 1, pp 271-280
First online:
- H. KeddeAffiliated withRutgers WPF Email author
- , H. B. M. van de WielAffiliated withUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- , W. C. M. Weijmar SchultzAffiliated withUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- , C. WijsenAffiliated withRutgers WPF
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in young women with breast cancer in the Netherlands, and to assess the relationship between sexual dysfunction, treatment methods and treatment-related complaints. Also, the interest among women with breast cancer in receiving care for sexual dysfunction was determined.
Data on sexual functioning were collected through an internet questionnaire. Respondents were included if they had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 6 years and were currently 45 years of age or younger. Results were compared with a representative sample of the general Dutch population
Of the women who were still undergoing treatment, 64 % had a sexual dysfunction. In women who had completed treatment, this was 45 %. All assessed dysfunctions were more common among these young women with breast cancer in comparison with women in the Dutch population. Particularly, early menopause and hormone therapy caused long-term occurence of genital arousal disorder. Radical mastectomy caused long-term occurrence of female orgasmic disorder, and early menopause dyspareunia. Half of the women reported that the topic "changes in sexual functioning" had been brought up during treatment, mostly on the initiative of the health professional. Six out of 10 women with a sexual dysfunction who felt a need for care did not consult a health professional.
Sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent among young women with breast cancer. This appears to improve after treatment has been completed, but women are far from recovered. The initiative to discuss sexuality should lie with the health professional. Including sexuality within treatment guidelines will prevent women with breast cancer from being deprived of care.
KeywordsBreast cancer Sexual dysfunction Cancer treatment Sexuality Prevalence Young women
Reference tools
- Title
- Sexual dysfunction in young women with breast cancer
- Journal
Supportive Care in Cancer
Volume 21, Issue 1 , pp 271-280
- Cover Date
- 2013-01
- 10.1007/s00520-012-1521-9
- Print ISSN
- 0941-4355
- Online ISSN
- 1433-7339
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Breast cancer
- Sexual dysfunction
- Cancer treatment
- Sexuality
- Prevalence
- Young women
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- H. Kedde (1)
- H. B. M. van de Wiel (2)
- W. C. M. Weijmar Schultz (2)
- C. Wijsen (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Rutgers WPF, Utrecht, Netherlands
- 2. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


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Online graduate level education for food safety professionals
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Alumna Cathy M. Crawford ('07) has been promoted to President of HACCP Consulting Group (HCG). Her predecessor Robert A. Savage recently announced, "For the past 20 years I have been honored to work with such a great group of professional food safety experts…I look forward to continuing that work with Cathy guiding HCG into the future."
While working in a food safety laboratory in Ohio, Jared Parko discovered the Online Master of Science in Food Safety program at Michigan State University. That was just a few years ago. Today Parko is employed as the Deputy Director for the Ohio Department of Agriculture.
Upon graduating the program in 2014, Parko was honored with the...more...


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FDR's 1938 State Of The Union Address Offers Obama Some Timeless Thoughts On Dust-Bowlification
FDR in his Annual Message to Congress, January 3, 1938, said:
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
In addressing the Congress on the state of the Union present facts and future hazards demand that I speak clearly and earnestly of the causes which underlie events of profound concern to all….
The first great force, agriculture—and with it the production of timber, minerals and other natural resources—went forward feverishly and thoughtlessly until nature rebelled and we saw deserts encroach, floods destroy, trees disappear and soil exhausted….
There are those well meaning theorists who harp on the inherent right of every free born American to do with his land what he wants–to cultivate it well—or badly; to conserve his timber by cutting only the annual increment thereof—or to strip it clean, let fire burn the slash, and erosion complete the ruin; to raise only one crop-and if that crop fails, to look for food and support from his neighbors or his government.
That, I assert is not an inherent right of citizenship. For if a man farms his land to the waste of the soil or the trees, he destroys not only his own assets but the Nation's assets as well. Or if by his methods he makes himself, year after year, a financial hazard of the community and the government, he becomes not only a social problem but an economic menace. The day has gone by when it could be claimed that government has no interest in such ill-considered practices and no right through representative methods to stop them.
Plus ça change (see "We're Already Topping Dust Bowl Temperatures — Imagine What'll Happen If We Fail To Stop 10°F Warming"). The next Dust Bowl will last longer and bring more havoc — but it can still be prevented.
I was directed to FDR's timeless remarks by Clay Pope — the Executive Director of the Oklahoma Association of Conservation Districts. The Western rancher and farmer has some advice of his own for President Obama:
Here's the transcript:
Mr. President, I know there's a lot you'll be covering in the State of the Union address, but I want to make sure you don't overlook a growing problem in America – Climate change and its effect on agriculture.
Climate change will have a huge effect on our nation's farms and ranches, and you don't have to take my word on it. USDA has just issued a report based on hundreds of scientific studies. Collectively, they show that our climate is changing and it's becoming something we've never seen before.
According to the report, increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns will affect productivity in the coming decades. Droughts and downpours will be more common and destructive. In the future, we may not be able to grow many crops where we grow them today. The report says it's imperative that we act now to prepare for this if we're going to continue feeding ourselves and the world.
It's good that we're getting ready for the worst, but more importantly, maybe we need to be working to prevent more climate change in the first place.
I know this is a touchy subject, so I thought you could use encouragement from some of your predecessors.
Thomas Jefferson was the first president to mention the word "climate" in a State of the Union address. He was talking about the Louisiana Purchase when he praised the Mississippi River. He said it would unlock, "the fertility of the country, its climate and extent, (and) promise in due season important aids to our Treasury, an ample provision for our posterity…"
That was in 1803. In 2012, extreme drought killed crops and livestock in the West and caused stretches of the Mississippi to drop so low they had to be dredged just to carry barge traffic. The nation's GDP fell as a result. More extreme swings in precipitation could make the Mississippi even less predictable.
In 1938, after seeing the ravages of the Dust Bowl, FDR attacked the farming practices that had led to the disaster in that year's State of the Union address. He said abusing the land in an attempt to maximize production while failing to practice good stewardship was, "not an inherent right of citizenship. For if a man farms his land to the waste of the soil or the trees, he destroys not only his own assets but the Nation's assets as well."
Replace the specter of the Dust Bowl with the growing threat of Climate Change and FDR's sentiment is even more compelling today. It's not our 'inherent right' to burn up our natural resources while altering the very climate that allowed the human race to thrive. As prolific per-capita consumers of fossil fuel, Americans are in a powerful position to make a difference.
And who do you think had one of the strongest calls to address climate change in his State of the Union? Not Jimmy Carter. Not Bill Clinton. It was George W. Bush who in 2007 said that, "America is on the verge of technological breakthroughs that will enable us to live ourlives less dependent on oil. These technologies will help us become better stewards of the environment — and they will help us to confront the serious challenge of global climate change."
Now, if a former oilman whose vice president was the former CEO of Halliburton can see the need to take climate change seriously, you might be on safer groundthan you think.
Mr. President. America can lead the way in making the world a better place not just for farmers and ranchers but for everyone. And just imagine, with a little bold leadership, it may be you that future generations are quoting.
7 Responses to FDR's 1938 State Of The Union Address Offers Obama Some Timeless Thoughts On Dust-Bowlification
If you expect Obama to make some bold policy statement about climate disruption you should prepared for disappointment. The nation does not view the drought of the past couple of years in the same way as the dustbowl of the 30's. Farmers are not asking for action on climate disruption, they are asking for crop insurance. Everyone, Obama included, believe that strong regulation of CO2 will harm the economy. No, Obama will talk about job creation: green job creation and dirty fossil fuel job creation. I think his domestic issues will focus on the economy, gun control, DOMA and what red states did to limit access to polling places.
That's a great speech by FDR Joe, thanks for putting that up. That's leadership. Oh, if Obama came out with a speech like that on climate change – of course that is not close to reality.
Heads up on the speech so far hasn't mentioned climate change (Lucy with the climate change football is back) and only mentions green energy (back to their old playbook?).
Hopefully he'll surprise us, but if it were a climate change drinking game, I think we'll be lucky to get a single drink.
Spoke to Senator Chris Morphy's office today (D- Connecticut) about the dire situation we are in with climate change. The man in the office locally in Connecticut was mildly interested- but obviously had little ability to understand what I was saying in scientific terms. He said he would relay my concerns to the Senator.
Considering Connecticut has been hit by 5 natural/climate disasters over the last 2 years- I find this kind of blase attitude indicative of the long road we have to travel before our Government does anything about GHG emissions.
Amazingly appropriate to climate change.
And some other appropriate quotes from ex-presidents he could draw from:
Harry Truman
"Continuous research by our best scientists is the key to American scientific leadership and true national security. This indispensable work may be made impossible by the creation of an atmosphere in which no man feels safe against the public airing of unfounded rumors, gossip, and vilification. Such an atmosphere is un-American….
Now and in the years ahead, we need, more than anything else, the honest and uncompromising common sense of science. Science means a method of thought. That method is characterized by open-mindedness, honesty, perseverance, and, above all, by an unflinching passion for knowledge and truth. When more of the peoples of the world have learned the ways of thought of the scientist, we shall have better reason to expect lasting peace and a fuller life for all."
It was made by US president Harry S Truman in 1948, in response to politically motivated attacks against scientists associated with the dark era of McCarthyism.
And Thomas Jefferson
"If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
John F. Kennedy
"For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie – deliberate, contrived and dishonest – but the myth – persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the clichés of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought."
The frogs certainly love it in their 'jacuzzi'-so far.
It's not just leadership, and eloquence, and commonsense, it is moral sanity. If a FDR emerged in US politics today, he would be far to the Left of virtually all US politicians and the MSM, precisely because he possessed those virtues. Of course there is an element of noblesse oblige in FDR's words, but, in stark contrast, today's moneyed elites are so morally deranged that they put their insatiable greed even before survival of their own species and families.


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Great widget! Saved me a ton of time!
I'm working on a site that uses a responsive theme and I want the mega menu to span the entire width of the site. It's possible to do when you're viewing on a computer, you just set the amount of columns. But when you look at the menu on a tablet, the last column hangs off of the right side of the screen so you can't read it. Is there a way to make it so the number of columns is dependent on the screen width?
With responsive web design becoming more popular, this might be something to include in an update?
Thanks in advance!


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I choose my own custom app on Instagram.
Then I fill the Instagram client ID & secret and already checked it.
When I click on the Authorization button, a popup window show the message {"code": 400, "error_type": "OAuthException", "error_message": "Invalid Client ID"}
[I set up redirect uri = http://example.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=instagrabber_redirect_uri
I don't know where to fix it.
Please, help me.


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(August 16, 2013)—Grammy-winning singer Fergie has officially changed her name.
Fergie, who was born Stacy Ann Ferguson, is now Fergie Duhamel, her representative confirmed Friday.
Fergie, who is one-fourth of the Black Eyed Peas, released her solo debut, "The Dutchess," in 2006.
It launched five big hits, including "Fergalicious" and "Big Girls Don't Cry."
Fergie, 38 is married to 40-year-old actor Josh Duhamel and is pregnant with her first child.


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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 126.96.36.199
Forum Moderators: open
However the pages have slipped, dramatically from Fast's last update, though have been constantly slipping, since i stopped submitting to lycos.
Hence, i am thinking of starting to resubmit to Lycos, and see what effect that has, on the lycos listings, as i know that it will not have a counter - effect on my listings with Fast.
Anyone know of any problems with this idea ?
Will report back


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Buminate 5%
FDA Approves Jakafi to Treat Bone Marrow Disease »
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved a new use for Jakafi (ruxolitinib) to treat patients with polycythemia vera, a chronic type of bone marrow disease. Jakafi is the first drug approved by the FDA for this condition.
Read the FDA Approves Jakafi to Treat Bone Marrow Disease article »
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Untoward reactions to BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution are extremely rare, although nausea, fever, chills or urticaria may occasionally occur. Such symptoms usually disappear when the infusion is slowed or stopped for a short period of time.
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You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Korean war
From Wikiversity
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The Korean War (1950–armistice, 1953) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China (PRC),


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Naseem hammed should have been great
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Re: Naseem hammed should have been great
Originally Posted by
Most of that wouldn't work with Hamed's style, you can't completely reformulate a boxer. Part of his strength was dropping his hands to force and exchange or to draw a counter. His reflexes at his best are good but he overly focused on exchanging at the expense of punch slipping.
He needed to work with someone like Herol Graham and trained harder. He did used to use far more movement and went to the body more earlier in his career. He got complacent by the end
I think Hamed overall has become massively underrated off 1 fight. No one rips Morales skills to shreds for his losses against Barrera and him getting outboxed by Espadas (gift decision) and Raheem, do they? Everyone overrates Morales and disparages Hamed and in most part it's due to personality.
Dropping the hands gets you knocked out. I'd have Prince do more feinting, rolling and slipping. Not necessarily all traditional boxing, but still keep some aspec of using his strengths properly rather than the awkward BS he pulls. Angles come from setting up your opponent to land the counter shot they don't realize is coming.
Still, If I were training him. That four punch combo would be a staple of his attack. It doesn't always have to be in sequence, but can be timed and mixed into his attack. The point is to keep the points on the scorecard without the nonsense of dropping your hands and getting hit.
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Hardy annuals can be sown directly into their flowering positions in the spring and will tolerate a certain amount of cold. Well-known flowers such as sweet peas, poppies, stocks and sunflowers fall under this category, as do some of the more unusual flowers - gomphocarpus & ratibida for example.You may also like to view our range of half-hardy annual seeds which can be sown in early spring.
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Culinary note: Some parts of these flowers are edible. The crystallised petals are great decorations for cakes and cookies, or they can be added straight to green salads for an injection of colour. For more details about edible flowers click here.More info
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A mixture of the cornfield weeds of yesterday plus other attractive wild flowers to provide a splash of colour in a difficult area or create a mini cornfield in your wildlife garden. In the vegetable garden they can provide colour and nectar to attract pollinating insects and predators. An excellent 'natural' edge to gravel paths and drives. Flowers summer. Height: 15-60cm (6-24in). Contents: White Campion, Charlock, Corn Chamomile, Corn Cockle, Cornflower, Field Forget-me-not, Corn Marigold, Scentless May Weed, Field Pansy, Wild Pansy, Field Poppy, Long-headed Poppy. Please Note: Even though wild flowers, they should not be scattered in the wild without the authorisation of your local Nature Conservation Trust. Caution: Some parts are harmful if eaten or irritant to skin and eyes.
1 gram of seed sows an area of approximately 1 square metre.More info
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Foxglove 'Foxy'
Digitalis purpurea
'Foxy' is an ANNUAL foxglove. If sown indoors late winter/early spring it flowers in summer (regular foxgloves are biennial). 'Foxy' is dwarfer, invaluable for exposed sites in shades of pink to white with contrasting mottled throats. The flowers are useful for cutting. Flowers summer. Height: 65cm (26in).
CAUTION: All Parts Are PoisonousMore info
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Will Ferrell, Daft Punk and Joe Jonas hit the 'Tron Legacy' premiere
Another big debut for Jeff Bridges
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Disney pays the big bucks for the world premiere
"Sirens" arrive at the world premiere of "Tron Legacy" in Los Angeles.
Photo Credit: AP Photo/Dan Steinberg


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Discuss formulas, functions and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). Currently I have rare/useful formulas posted at ExcelJedi.blogspot.com
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Also discuss Comma Separated Value problems here. Sometimes these files are opened and interpreted poorly due to the General Format setting in most spreadsheets. Visit the group to learn work-arounds to various CSV problems.
Click on Discussions at the top right.
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Welcome to the Office of Donor Relations
Ohio University's Office of Donor Relations promotes relationships with donors by offering assistance with regard to gift acceptance, gift acknowledgment, donor recognition and reporting.
Donor Relations assists University Advancement's fundraising mission by coordinating special events, preparing annual endowment reports, organizing the acknowledgment and recognition for donors and serving as a resource for development staff on matters of stewardship and recognition.
The office enhances relationships with the university's benefactors by providing support to both internal and external constituents. Further, the office seeks to fortify donor trust and honor the donor's right to accurate and timely information about the use and impact of their gift(s).
A special thank you from OHIO students to the alumni, friends and donors who help provide life- changing opportunities every day. Your gifts make a difference!


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âHOW LOW CAN YOU GO?â PART 1 OF 2
Remember when Deadpool saved the Earth from those pesky Skrulls? Well, the guy who stole the intel Deadpool worked so hard to acquire -- and positioned himself as Earthâs Number One War Hero -- wants to make sure you donât. The last thing this guy needs is a certain âMerc with a Mouthâ letting everyone know the truth of how he saved the day, and heâs hired a certain maniacal man-eater to make sure Deadpool never does. Here comes Tiger-Shark! Plus, a surprise appearance by a certain palindromic pal!


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Music Articles
Neko Case: Chilling, Spacious Songs
Neko Case recorded her first album of country-tinged folk-pop in 1997, then moved from her college home in Vancouver to Seattle to begin serious work as a solo artist. She spent the next decade or so writing and recording her chilling, spacious songs in a number of formats — live releases, studio albums and home recordings — in the process incorporating multiple contributions from musician friends.
Upon the release of 2006's Fox Confessor Brings the Flood, Case had already established herself with vocal performances on The New Pornographers' albums, as well as stellar live performances, often in duos or with a mixed bag of collaborators. The disc turned out to be her biggest commercial hit yet, and Case was named Female Artist of the Year at the 2006 PLUG Independent Music Awards.
In this excerpt from her appearance on World Cafe, Case talks about a few of her key influences.
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Best free Android apps of 2016: 100 you must download
UpdatedThere are way too many free apps out there - so we've trawled through and found the top free ones to download.
UpdatedThere are way too many free apps out there - so we've trawled through and found the top free ones to download.
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UpdatedPlatform games, puzzle games, shoot 'em ups and more - our pick of the best free games for your Android device.


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On June 22, 2011, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") adopted final rules1 which implement certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act").
Co-authors: Thomas R. Westle, John McGrory, Melissa Palat Murawsky.
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