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A Step Closer To Artificial Human Beings?
June 18th, 2016
'Put all things to the test and keep what is good'
St. Paul gave the above advice to the church of Thessalonica in the first century. This article describes cancer(1) related discoveries, which put cancer research itself to the test.
Cancer is a huge health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2012 approximately 32,6 million people are living with cancer worldwide (and were diagnosed less than five years ago) and that a massive amount of more than 8 million people died from cancer in 2012. Fortunately, the American Cancer Society, which is a big organization that supports cancer research, granted about an impressive amount of 427 million dollars for cancer research this year.
How can this money be used to improve cancer research?
Currently, the most common cancer treatments are traditional cancer treatments, namely surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These treatments aim to cure or to slow down cancers by cutting away (tumor) tissue, by killing rapidly dividing (tumor) cells or by killing (tumor) cells of the patient at specific sites. These therapies can be used solitary, but to improve the outcome, they are often combined with each other or with newer treatments, including immunotherapy.
Plenty research is done on immunotherapy, which might be the most promising therapy against cancer. Antitumor immunotherapy aims to support the subjects' own immune defense in roughly two ways:
Comfortable lab mice
To better investigate these treatments and disease mechanisms in patients, lab animals – mostly mice – are being used as models. Their treatment results and disease mechanisms should be similar to the ones of human subjects. Therefore, it is very important that the housing of laboratory animals is comfortable and not too boring for the animals. To achieve this, official regulations for working with mice are being used, which include:
Here we see laboratory mice in a cage, which is the size of a large shoebox. The brown chunks are pieces of nutritious food and the flask next to the food is the water supply. Notice the ventilation holes to improve the air quality, the yellow hay for convenient walking and chewing and the movable red box to manipulate the environment.
New findings
Recently, Kokolus and colleagues discovered how different ambient temperatures influence the development of a tumor in laboratory mice. The researchers compared mice in a standard laboratory with a temperature of 22-23˚C (ST) to mice in a so-called thermoneutral temperature of 30-31˚C (TT).
It turns out that mice maintained at TT show a decreased tumor growth in four tumor models of skin tumors, breast tumors, colon tumors or pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, mice at TT develop less metastatic lesions. It is important to note that the benefits of an increased ambient temperature are not present in mouse models with a dysfunctional immune system.
These findings can partly be explained by so called CD8 T cells or CD8 T lymphocytes, which are members of the adaptive immune system and target cells that express specific molecules on the cell surface. In tumors of TT mice, more of these lymphocytes were present in the tumor. They were also more tumor cell specific and more activated to combat tumors. Their higher activation is indicated by a higher expression of surface molecules CD69 and GLUT-1 and an increased production of tumor repressing molecule IFN-ɣ. Importantly, tumor growth in TT mice and ST mice were similar when CD8 cells were depleted, proving the pivotal role of these lymphocytes in the battle against tumors.
Another important finding refers to immunosuppressive FoxP3 T cells, that inhibit CD8 T cell function and contribute to tumor growth. These suppressive cells were less present in tumors of mice housed at TT.
Interestingly, tumor-bearing mice at ST were unable to maintain body temperature at 37ᵒC. Accordingly, these and other tumor bearing mice revealed increased heat seeking behavior, preferring 38˚C (the warmest option of the experiment) over TT, whereas tumor free mice preferred TT.
In perspective
In summary, replacing the standard housing temperature for thermoneutral temperature increased the immune reaction of the mice against tumors. This effect seems to depend on the presence of CD8 T cells. Moreover, the decreased body temperature in mice housed at ST highly suggests that this ambient temperature causes cold stress in mice. Investigators found that in order to retain a suitable body temperature, a whole-body response induces higher levels of stress (neuro)hormones, such as catecholamines. These stress increasing factors contribute to an impaired immune function, strongly suggesting that cold stress inhibits the immune defense against tumors.
This study therefore suggests that the standard housing temperature is not suitable for investigating the immune system. The importance of changing the housing conditions is also illustrated by a study of Seok et al. that describes that mouse models with inflammatory diseases relatively poorly resemble the same diseases in human subjects. Preventing cold stress in laboratory mice is important to further humanize the model, so the rodents should be able to reach thermoneutral ambient temperatures. One way to accomplish this, is increasing the housing temperature to TT. A more creative way would be top put clothes on mice, however, research of Lodhi and Semenkovich reveals this wouldn't be a wise solution.
Moreover, because this study shows that CD8 T cells are essential for the delayed growth of several tumors, the results support earlier research, like a study of Zou for example, that focused on CD8 T cell immunotherapy. It underscores that immunotherapies in mice are improved after depletion of immunosuppressive T cells.
Future research
Following St. Paul's suggestions researchers should ask the following questions in the future:
Put all things to the test
1. What is the effect of 38ᵒC as ambient temperature on tumor growth and metastasis in mice?
2. How does cold stress influence the immune defense against tumors?
3. What is the effect of TT on the antitumor activity of other major immune cells which are frequently used in immunotherapies, like CD4 T cells and dendritic cells?
4. What is the influence of various degrees of cold stress on immunotherapies?
And keep what is good
5. What is the most cost-effective, mouse friendly and ethical acceptable way to further humanize the mouse model?
In conclusion, mice at thermoneutrality have a better immune defense against tumors, highly suggesting improved housing of mice is necessary for improved cancer research.
Footnote 1: A tumor emerges when genetically damaged cells multiply without any constraints like programmed cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis normally removes unnecessary or malfunctioning cells from a tissue. A patient gets cancer when a tumor becomes malignant by actively invading nearby and distant tissues.
Photo: Flickr, viridovipera
Cannon B and Nedergaard (2004). Brown adipose tissue: Function and physiological significance. Physiology Reviews, 84(1):277-359
Formenti SC, & Demaria S (2013). Combining radiotherapy and cancer immunotherapy: a paradigm shift. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105 (4), 256-65 PMID: 23291374
Frazier J.L., Han J.E. Lim M. and Olivi A. (2010). Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatments of tumors. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 21(1):187-194
Ikeda H., Old L.J. and Schreiber R.D. (2002). The roles of IFNg in the protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 13:95-109
Kokolus KM, Capitano ML, Lee CT, Eng JW, Waight JD, Hylander BL, Sexton S, Hong CC, Gordon CJ, Abrams SI, & Repasky EA (2013). Baseline tumor growth and immune control in laboratory mice are significantly influenced by subthermoneutral housing temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (50), 20176-81 PMID: 24248371
Lodhi I.J. and Semenkovich C.F. (2009). Why we should put clothes on mice. Cell, 9:111-112
Mickisch G.H. and Mattes R.H. (2005). Combination of surgery and immunotherapy in metastatic renal carcinoma World Journal of Urology DOI: 10.1007/s00345-004-0468-y
Padgett D.A. and Glaser R. (2003). How stress influences the immune system. Trends in immunology, 24(8): 444-448
Seok et al., (2013) Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. PNAS, 110(9):3507-3512
Zou (2006). Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy. Nature Reviews Immunology, 6:295-307
Further info:
Common cancer treatment methods
Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals
cancer, temperature, treatment, mice, therapy, tumor, immunotherapy


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Javier Hernandez and Robin van Persie scored twice against the Latics, who lacked sufficient strength in depth to cope with a run of four games in 11 days.
"It was very unfair to play against the league leaders in a period like that," Martinez said.
"We didn't have the legs or the reaction and you have to congratulate Manchester United.
"They had the luxury of making changes and Van Persie and Hernandez looked brighter and sharper. In the end it was a mismatch."
- Sports & Recreation
- Soccer
- Robin van Persie

subset: commoncrawl


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Encontrar uma cópia na biblioteca
Encontrando bibliotecas que possuem este item...
|Romantic comedy films
Biographical films
Video recordings for the hearing impaired
Feature films
Anecdotes Drama
|Pessoa Denominada:
|Julie Powell; Julia Child; Julia Child; Julie Powell
|Tipo de Material:
|Gravação de vídeo
|Tipo de Documento:
|Material visual
|Todos os Autores / Contribuintes:
Laurence Mark; Nora Ephron; Amy Robinson; Eric Steel; Meryl Streep; Amy Adams; Stanley Tucci; Chris Messina; Linda Emond; Alexandre Desplat; Julie Powell; Julia Child; Alex Prud'homme; Columbia Pictures Corporation.; Easy There Tiger, Inc.; Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (Firm)
|1435951204 9781435951204
|Número OCLC:
|Nota do Idioma:
|English or dubbed French dialogue, English or French subtitles; English subtitles for the hearing impaired.
|Blu-Ray disc release of the 2009 motion picture.
Based on the book "Julie & Julia" by Julie Powell and "My life in France" by Julia Child with Alex Prud'Homme.
|Director of photography, Mark Ricker ; editor, Richard Marks ; music, Alexandre Desplat.
|Meryl Streep, Amy Adams, Stanley Tucci, Chris Messina, Linda Emond.
|Público Alvo:
|MPAA rating: PG-13; for brief strong language and some sensuality.
|1 videodisc (123 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.
|Blu-ray disc, anamorphic widescreen (1.85) presentation; Dolby Digital 5.1 surround., 1080p hi def; BD-Live features.; This Blu-ray disc will not play in standard DVD players.
|Outros Títulos:
|Julie and Julia
|Columbia Pictures presents an Easy There Tiger/Amy Robinson production, a Laurence Mark production, a film by Nora Ephron ; produced by Laurence Mark, Nora Ephron, Amy Robinson, Eric Steel ; screenplay by Nora Ephron ; directed by Nora Ephron.
Julie Powell is a frustrated insurance worker who wants to be a writer. Trying to find a challenge in her life, she decides to cook her way through Julia Child's 'Mastering the Art of French Cooking' in one year, and to blog about it. As Julie begins to find her groove as a cook, and her voice as a writer, the project takes on a life of its own. The project provides the struggling young woman with her life's purpose, to her very pleasant surprise. Julia Child has an amazing love affair with her dashing husband, Paul, all while embracing life and French food. Julie lovingly celebrates the life on one of American food's most influential and beloved figureheads.
Críticas contribuídas por usuários
Ítens Similares
Assuntos Relacionados:(13)
- Powell, Julie -- Drama.
- Child, Julia -- Drama.
- Blogs -- Drama.
- Cooking, French -- Anecdotes -- Drama.
- Cooking -- Study and teaching -- France -- Paris -- Drama.
- Women cooks -- Biography.
- Child, Julia.
- Powell, Julie.
- Blogs.
- Cooking, French.
- Cooking -- Study and teaching.
- Women cooks.
- France -- Paris.


text:
|Reviews for Dreams of Amber
| Angeluna chapter 15 . 7/10
omg love this story! The plots so cute! Pls keep writing and update! Even if it's been a few years I hope you still update!
| Guest chapter 15 . 6/8
Are you never ever going to update this story? Yout story so much nice! I really wanna know how this story will end..please please finish this nice story:)))))
| fan chapter 15 . 3/2
pleaseeeeeeeeeeeee will you update the story
| Sakuray98 chapter 15 . 12/16/2015
Pleaaaaase continue the story! Pleaaaaase finish it!
| Guest chapter 3 . 8/1/2015
Oh god...
| saku07 chapter 15 . 7/8/2015
continue with the story
| sakura chapter 15 . 5/7/2015
When r u going to finish the story I luv it finish it please
| luna cherFer chapter 15 . 2/26/2015
The story has a lot going and I hope that you'd be able to finish it. :)
Write on!
| Guest chapter 11 . 10/26/2014
I'm sorry but u found this Sakura very annoying, she's very immature and takes offense on everything, because she's so immature. I actually happen to agree with Li here, she doesn't know how to act around her boss specially for a Japanese girl since Japanese culture is all about respect and jerarchy, she doesn't know how to make her point and speak her mind without acting childish and as for Li, what a weak character he has, he's 23 and still lets his mother runs his life? after 2 children and a marriage. Reality? And lastly, that whole "Sakura sends things and knows where the kids are and smells danger and stuff" If this were in a universe where there's Magic and she's the card mistress or something then that would make sense but here just calling it "intuition" feels weird, almost silly (I didn't want to use a harsher word, I'm trying to tell you the truth about all the things that bothers me about this story without being rude). Bottoms line, I didn't like it. I'm sorry.
| animegirl73 chapter 15 . 9/11/2014
Interesting story. Can't wait to see where you take this story.
| nevertheless27 chapter 15 . 4/16/2014
ohmg i love the story please finish this one
| IrieAdam chapter 1 . 2/10/2014
Oh God! I love this story so much! But why did you have to stop? Last update was 2007? I wanna cry already .
I hope you'll update... Please? :
| Nazrath chapter 15 . 1/27/2014
complete the story!
| Guest chapter 15 . 1/26/2014
oh god this is where you stop writing? NOOOOOOOOOOOO you cant do that to us man. its just not cool. pls pls plsplsplsplsplsplsplss come back to this story. even with my offensive comment. ill take it back dude youre cool. youre still cool youre still cool (simpsons). but FINISH THIS STORY PLS OR I WILL PROBABLY DIE. i wna see what syaoran will do under the influence of anger and jealousy. and i wna see what happens with poor danny boy.
| A Selfish Writer chapter 15 . 10/27/2013
Are you going to update this? You left us hanging there... :(


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Carpet Bowls Middle Block
Availability for this product is sporadic and despite our best efforts, stock information is sometimes out of date. Ring or email us for current availability.
Or order now and we will dispatch the item as soon as it is obtained (we will let you know if there will be a long delay).
Eng/Wales ETA: 3 working days
Prod.Ref: 00067W
£26.66 (ex.VAT)
White middle block to be positioned at the centre of the mat used for Carpet Bowls.
From Drakes Pride; the leading name in bowls.
Approx. Dimensions:
46cm long
18 inches long


text:
Later In:
Dead to Rights
In Shadow Dancer, Joe Musashi is teamed up with a ninja dog named Yamato. The two work together as a brilliant team: Yamato subdues dangerous criminals, and Joe finishes them off with a slash of his katana. Samurai Shodown's Galford used his own pet -- a wolf/husky crossbreed named Poppy -- as a secret weapon in tough fights. Poppy not only pinned down opponents, leaving them at the mercy of Galford's blade, but could catch rivals in a blade-breaking super move in the sequel. Even RPGs got in on the action, with characters from both Final Fantasy VI and VIII making use of canine companions to even the odds.
These hot dogs cooled off through the rest of the 1990's, but would eventually make a comeback in the Dead to Rights series. When officer Jack Spade is surrounded by crooks and low on ammo, he's got one last hope: a daring rescue from his sidekick Shadow.
Later In:
Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventure
This changed with the introduction of Gauntlet by Atari Games (now Midway West). Designed as a fast-paced, action-packed alternative to traditional role-playing adventures, this 1985 arcade release let up to four players joins forces in a quest to gather treasure. Each of Gauntlet's stages was packed from wall-to-wall with snarling monsters, and the only way players could clear a path through the thick swarms of demons and ghosts was by fighting together.
Teamwork is even more essential in MMORPGs like World of Warcraft and Final Fantasy XI, where the unique skills of each player are used to protect the entire team from annihilation. There's even one game on the market where cooperative play isn't just encouraged, but required. The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventure can be enjoyed by up to four players, but the game's puzzles are impossible to solve without at least one other hero triggering switches and pushing heavy stone blocks.
Later In:
Marvel vs. Capcom 2
Suikoden V
When you take this into consideration, it's no surprise that the first video game with tag-team play mechanics would also be one of the first wrestling games. Tag Team Wrestling, designed by American Technos for Data East, didn't turn many heads with its awkward gameplay and stiffly animated characters, but it was a pioneer in a genre of games that has only increased in popularity over the past twenty years.
Most wrestling titles since that time have featured a tag-team mode, and the feature would even creep its way into other genres. X-Men vs. Street Fighter brought tag-team action to Capcom's popular series of fighting games, and Konami introduced union attacks in its Eastern-themed role-playing title Suikoden, letting two characters in your party team up for one devastating strike.
Later In:
Halo 2
However, the most important of these features was the chance to take command of an abandoned tank lying dormant on the battlefield. Once you climb inside it, this armored military vehicle can crush enemy soldiers that were once fatal to the touch. The tank also changed the feel of the gameplay, giving Front Line the variety that was often lacking in early videogames. This variety is even more pronounced in recent titles like Microsoft's Halo 2. Thanks to an advanced physics engine, the Warthog really feels like a rugged all-terrain vehicle, racing through grassy fields and leaping over hills at speeds that Master Chief never could on foot.
Later In:
World Of Warcraft
That interaction with other players keeps the gameplay wildly unpredictable, and adds a human element that just can't be reproduced in an offline game. It's why online communities have endured for nearly thirty years, growing from small groups of players enjoying multi-user dungeons at the local college to millions of players around the world, logging into the latest Everquest.
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Metal Gear Rising Revengeance Connects the Series' Past With a Radical New Future
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I need to make some difficult User Interface decision on my site and I'm looking for a community simillar to Stack Overflow, or a forum that's most known where I'd ask for advice. Could you recommend one please?
Meta Stack Exchange is where users like you discuss bugs, features, and support issues that affect the software powering all 158 Stack Exchange communities.
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migrated from stackoverflow.com Jun 10 '12 at 20:11
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
You're looking for User Experience.


text:
I am looking for help with a conditional search based on four categories/taxonomies; countries/regions/type/no of bedrooms. What I am after is a dropdown search function that when I select a specific country, only regions in that country would appear in the region dropdown and in the type drop down, only types available in that particular region would be listed. I am obviously prepared to pay a fee for customisation. JOHN
solution 1:
solution 2:


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Ribosomal protein L33
From Proteopedia
Ribosomal protein L33 (RPL33) is one of the 34 proteins which belong to the of the prokaryotic ribosome or to the ca. 49 proteins in the large 60S subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome. RPL33 is required for ribosome biogenesis and subunit joining.
3D Structures of Ribosomal protein L33
Updated on 02-June-2015
3j5s – RPL33 + RPL1 + RPL5 + RPS7 + P-site tRNA + 16S RRNA + 23S RRNA – Escherichia coli – Cryo-EM


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What parents need to know
Parents Need to Know
Parents need to know that kids must register to save and share their creations on this game design site, but they can play other user-created games without signing in.
What kids can learn
- motion
- physics
- drawing
- imagination
- making new creations
Tech Skills
- digital creation
- using and applying technology
Engagement, Approach, Support
Kids will enjoy creating games, sharing them, and playing games created by other kids -- the quality can vary, but there are dozens to choose from. Gives kids a chance to be creative, then test and share the results.
In theory, Sploder could reinforce learning by pointing out how grids work and what math and science principles are being displayed. The site activities are really more for fun, and aren't likely to give kids much experience building a game.
Some feature demos with usage tips, but younger kids may still find the game-building process a bit confusing. Users can post questions and game comments, but there also isn't much opportunity for individual feedback.
User reviews
Parents say
Kids say
What's it about?
Using several online tools, users can create and share a variety of games on SPLODER. The functionality is fairly easy to figure out; users can pick from prefab images or create their own graphics and drag and drop items into place. However, only two of the tools feature demos, so some kids may still find the game building process a little confusing, and instead opt to play, rate, and comment on dozens of user-submitted games; friend other users; add to their online profile; or post questions on the site's forums.
Is it any good?
SPLODER lets kids design different types of games using four tools. Some feature demos with usage tips; but younger kids may still find the game building process a bit confusing without help from an adult. You can also play user-submitted games -- the quality can vary, but there are dozens to choose from. The site has a few iffy aspects: Games and comments, for example, appear almost instantly once you create them, which could allow questionable language to be posted. However, the overall content is pretty tame, and Sploder gives kids a chance to be creative, then test and share the results. Just to be safe, though, parents may want to change their child's profile settings to block comments and the ability to friend other users, since it's easy to connect with strangers who have also registered.
Families can talk about...
Families can talk about how anything you publish on the Internet can be seen by the general public -- along with any profile information. What information would you not want to include in your profile? Would you list the town where you live, even if you don't include your real name?
When you played some of the other games on the site, did you find them fun or confusing? What kind of directions would help your game be very easy to understand?
You can drag and drop many of the game elements right onto the game you made, but if you look closely, you're working off a grid, just like you would when creating a graph in math class. Why did you choose to place the objects and other game elements where you did? If you were to draw your game on graph paper, how would it look?
Website details
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UHOH...12-03-12 Planet alignment SAME 10,900 B.C. Egypt AND Velokovski's "Collision?"
Poster Handle
Solar Guardian
Post Content
December 3? The action starts this December 12 2012? Read linky here: [
link to www.examiner.com
Mr. Kane describes the "Council of Twelve" as stating that
during the nine days from December 12, 2012 (12/12/12) to December 21, 2012, the planet Earth will split dimensionally into two separate Earths, each of which has different dimensional frequencies
. Mr. Kane describes this as a process analogous to the way that a single cell can split into two cells.
According to the "Council of Twelve," humans with a consciousness anchored in fear will remain in the third dimensional Earth. Individuals who are experiencing a "conscious awakening" and putting an effort into being conscious of the shift will migrate into the new dimension of the fifth dimensional Earth. "
In my opinion, there might be huge earthquakes accompanying the Ascension process of Earth entering 5th dimension.
So, there might be many Mag 8-10 earthquakes striking frequently every 3-5 days starting from December 12 2012
Solar Guardian
OP, what do you think of this info from Mr. Anthony Kane and his ET contacts regarding the date 9 days after December 3, December 12 2012?
Solar Guardian
Comments on the events to start on December 3 2012, then ramping up for the dimensional shift starting from December 12 2012?
Solar Guardian
OP, What do you think of this? Action starts this December 12 2012.
Solar Guardian
OP, please comment now.
Please verify you're human:
Reason for reporting:
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I dropped my laptop and destroyed my hard drive. I have ordered a new hard drive to replace it and so obviously need to reinstall the operating system. The recovery information was in the hard drive and I didn't make any recovery discs.
Does this mean I will have to purchase Windows 7 again if I wish to get it all up and running again?


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Nov 01st, 2002
Running Time: 89
Director: Michael Adam
Company: ToXXXic
Distribution Companies: Metro Distributors
Cast: Nina Ferrari, Samantha Sterlyng, Sabrine Maui, Alexa Rae, Phoenix Ray, Jade Marcella, Nyomi Arman, Mackenzie Wilson, Pantera, Petra (I), Chrissy Sparks, Mimi (I)
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
If your customers love the g/g lovin', this one's a good bang for their buck.
Samantha Sterlyng, looking splendid in a leopard-print bodysuit, starts things off in a fine fashion with her extremely vocal brunette friend. Apparently Sterlyng gives outstanding oral, 'cause Brunetty is telling it to the world, hootin' and hollerin' and pounding the couch cushions with her fist. Luckily she gives as good as she gets, as witnessed by Sterling's equally as aroused howls. Finally, both girls share the business ends of a double-headed dildo. Nice start to the tape.
Next up, it's an Asian threeway between Sabrine Maui, Jade Marcela and Nyomi Arman. These three are so damn hot! Watching the tangle of long, dark hair, the lips and tongues, the pussies and fingers, especially when they all look so much alike... it's just... wow. Pre-nom it for Best All-Girl Scene. Other scenes of note: Pantera, Chrissy Sparks and Alexa Rae have an equally hot threesome, and Mimi shares a nice shower-stall grope with Phoenix Ray.


text:
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- November 25, 1996
- Vol. 46
- No. 22
The Insider
I've finally had it confirmed to me by someone in the Michael Jackson camp that Debbie Rowe, the medical assistant who is the soon-to-be-mother of the singer's first child, suffered a miscarriage earlier this year after the first time she and Jackson conceived. The source insists that both pregnancies were achieved the conventional way and not by artificial insemination....
Three high-profile celebs at the Nov. 6 Beverly Hills funeral of Bernard Lafferty, the butler who was, briefly, the coexecutor of the estate of the late tobacco heiress Doris Duke, were Elizabeth Taylor, Peggy Lee and O.J. Simpson nemesis Faye Resnick. Lafferty had written a big check to one of Taylor's AIDS charities and had worked for Lee a decade ago....
Mary Tyler Moore's past caught up with her recently when she saw an old photo of herself wearing a full-length fox coat in a brochure promoting Columbia House Video's tapes of vintage Mary Tyler Moore Show episodes. Moore, now an antifur activist, dashed off a letter asking that the photo be replaced with a fur-free shot. According to a Columbia House rep, the furry photo came from the company that still bears Moore's initials, MTM Entertainment, even though the actress no longer owns it. Tony Thomopoulos, who currently runs MTM, assures me that a furless photo will be supplied to Columbia House for all subsequent promo campaigns. "Unfortunately," he says, "I can't change what's already out there."...
What are old friends for? Now that Laurie Metcalf has signed a deal with ABC to do a situation comedy of her own after Roseanne ends its run, I hear that the network is bringing in former Roseanne writer-producer Eric Gilliland to help develop the new show....
All Harrison Ford and director Sydney Pollack were trying to do was leave the Hollywood party for the opening of the new movie The English Patient so they could head back to Ford's house for a nightcap. But they didn't count on the two dozen fans, armed with autograph books and cameras, who began shouting, "Mr. Ford! Mr. Ford!" as the two men exited the party tent. When the pair got into a limo and sped off, the autograph seekers, rather than wait for other celebs, including Cher and Patrick Swayze, jumped into their own cars and trucks and took off in pursuit. Pollack later told me that a chase ensued "for two miles through the streets of L.A." before Ford stopped the limo, got out and signed.
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August 27, 2012
ComingSoon.net's SuperHeroHype has posted photos of the Bourne Wood, UK set for Thor: The Dark World. You can check out the photos by clicking here or on the photo below.
The November 8, 2013 sequel is directed by Alan Taylor and will star Chris Hemsworth, Natalie Portman, Tom Hiddleston, Jaimie Alexander, Idris Elba, Zachary Levi, Stellan Skarsgard, Christopher Eccleston, Kat Dennings and Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje.
« 'Push Girls' season 1 finale sneak peek: What does it take for Angela to get on a plane? — EXCLUSIVE VIDEO Movie News: 3D 'Star Wars' II and III Release Dates; 'Robocop' Villain Casting; Trailer for Joe Dante's 'The Hole' »


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Nov 01st, 2003
Running Time: 84
Director: Frank Thring
Company: Hustler Video
Cast: Alicia Rhodes, Steve Holmes (I), Darren James, Zenza Raggi, Diana (I), Frank Thring, Samanta, Alissa (I), Cameron Cruz, Frank Gun, Dominica Leoni
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
One of the better ones in his series - stock it strong and promote it widely. Mention the bungee jump to athletic customers.
Frank Thring, as Mr. Beavers, goes out of his way to impress women. This time he really goes out of his way, probably further than any other male performer in the biz, by jumping off the Bloukrans Bungy in South Africa which, at 216m, is the highest jump in the world. Boing. Boing. He really did it, folks.
But ... was this sufficient to get the girl? Surprisingly, yes, but he has to share Allison with a black dude, Darren James, whose long cock makes Beaver's stiffee look like a wimpee. Oh, well. He still has fun. Alicia Rhodes doesn't let him get so lucky as she takes on another guy and includes anal and two facials.
Our hapless hero continues his pussy search, but from here on out he is cut off and must be content to be rebuffed or watch as an assortment of Euro babes continue the sex with toys to anal and a lot in between. Most of them, like Cameron Cruz, are quite stunning.


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A group of local manufacturing leaders and representatives from the Elizabethtown-Hardin County Industrial Foundation gathered Friday as Elizabethtown Mayor Edna Berger and Hardin County Judge-Executive Harry Berry signed proclamations designating October as Manufacturing Month in the city and the county.
There is no doubt manufacturing is one of our most critical industry sectors. Last year, manufacturing supported one in six private-sector jobs in America, and it is our state's top economic driver, representing 17 percent of Kentucky's GDP.
Question: I am retiring from my company and I have both pre-tax and after-tax funds in my 401(k). What are my options?
A new, pink hippo will allow a local business to compete with national companies.
The hippo — but mostly the truck it's painted on — will allow Brenco Document Shredding to shred paper three times faster than previously and without ever touching the documents.
The Hardin County Chamber of Commerce announced the hiring of longtime Hardin County resident Sarah Hart as its relationship manager.
In addition to meeting with current members, Hart also will visit with area businesses that are not members and share information about how the chamber can help them network, promote, develop and advocate.
Nonprofit organizations from Hardin and surrounding counties practiced storytelling skills in a seminar Wednesday morning through emotions, gestures and paper folding.
Question: After data breaches at major retailers, I'm nervous. Should we just start going back to using good old fashioned cash?
A Fairfield Inn by Marriott could begin construction this fall in Radcliff, bringing in 365 short-term jobs and 20 to 25 permanent ones.
The $8.5 million hotel, which would sit in the intersection of East Lincoln Trail and Dixie boulevards, was announced in February but its national brand affiliation only was recently confirmed.
By Wendell Lawrence
Finding talented individuals to fill open positions is one of the greatest challenges businesses in our region face. But the Greater Louisville Region, including the eight counties of the Lincoln Trail Area Development District, has a distinct advantage in developing a pipeline of skilled employees ready for new opportunities.
Hardin County's largest manufacturing employer is celebrating more than 25 years of making brakes this month.
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The News-Enterprise is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Elizabethtown, KY, Hardin County and the surrounding area.


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TD Bank Press Release Hoax Raises Question Of Why Companies Invest In Keystone Tar Sands Pipeline
A press release purporting to be from TD Bank spread around the world this morning that appeared to say the company was divesting its holdings in "Keystone XL and other oil sands related ventures."
It appeared on yourtdbank.com, which is similar enough to the real TD Bank website (tdbank.com), and explained the corporate case for getting out of tar sands:
CHERRY HILL, N.J., June 28, 2013 /PRNewswire/ — Citing President Obama's recent statement about potentially denying the permit for TransCanada's Keystone XL pipeline and due to increasing controversies and economic difficulties for Alberta's oil sands, TD will begin selling its shares in Keystone XL and other oil sands related ventures.
TD will gradually sell its $1.6 billion stake in Keystone XL as the first step toward transitioning away from investment in oil sands extraction entirely.
The price of Canadian crude is not expected to improve much in the near term." Keystone would help alleviate the lack of pipeline infrastructure but only temporarily," says David Bouckhout, senior commodity strategist at TD Securities. "Growth of supply on both sides of the border will outpace what Keystone's capacity will provide in likely two or three years." …
"Divesting from Keystone XL not only makes financial sense given the uncertainties surrounding the project, but it fits with out pledge to be 'As Green As Our Logo'," says TD Bank Environmental Director Diana Glassman.
The fake press release in its entirety can be viewed here (at least for now).
TD Bank is the fourteenth-largest holding company in the country, and sponsors the old Boston Garden where the Celtics and Bruins play as well as the baseball stadium in Omaha, Nebraska where the College World Series is held.
The International Business Times wrote a piece on the story, but soon took it down — though it still exists with an unfortunate headline.
In very little time, TD Bank tweeted out a clarification:
We'd like to clarify the news release published today isn't affiliated with TD Bank. For official TD news releases: https://t.co/X4IlwXJiaZ
— TD Bank (@TDBank_US) June 28, 2013
Tar Sands Blockade released a statement taking responsibility for the original release. They said it was part of their long-running campaign to stop the approval of the northern leg of the Keystone XL pipeline, and delay the current construction of its southern segment. Members have been putting their bodies on the line to halt construction for about a year now. This latest action, similar to what the Yes Men have done for over a decade, shows there is a new front on the anti-Keystone fight.
Ron Seifert, a Tar Sands Blockade spokesperson, said: "Today's media stunt was intended to hold TD Bank accountable for bankrolling the most ecologically devastating project on planet Earth. If TD Bank wants to be 'as green as its logo,' then it must immediately divest from tar sands exploitation and Keystone XL, which will have devastating climate impacts."
10 Responses to TD Bank Press Release Hoax Raises Question Of Why Companies Invest In Keystone Tar Sands Pipeline
These types of hoaxes are becoming a strategy of choice because they can do immense damage to the companies involved. A recent one here wiped millions off the stock market value of a coal venture but Moylan could spend 10 years in the nick for it, ME
Ten years or eternity in Hell. Looks like push has come to shove if those are the options.
What do they mean "sponsors the 'old' Boston Garden"?
The old Garden was torn down a few years ago, the TD Bank Garden is basically the new Garden.
And it was beautifully instructive how the regulatory authorities, who have turned blind eyes to egregious business malfeasance and corruption over recent years, seem determined to 'throw the book' at him. I bet they wish they could sentence him to thirty or forty years, as in the USA, and teach the reviled 'Green Extremists' a lesson.
Why not pranks to get voters to be repelled by the party that makes it mandatory for members to deny global warming?
Oh, wait, electing the other party would mean higher taxes, and given the choice of higher taxes and saving the future, vote for tax cuts and blame Obama for not doing anything to stop global warming.
Why not a prank that reports Gov Perry has given tax breaks to attract Satan who is moving Hell to Texas with tax cuts for Satan paid for with global warming and higher taxes and fewer services for Texans.
Your link at "unfortunate headline" gives me "access denied." Can't you just tell us what the headline was?
Look at the address bar of the page with access denied.
It is
At this point: What ever it takes
But it might turn out not to be a 'prank'.
Existing opponents of Keystone may like this move, but the message to neutrals is that Keystone opponents are engaged in deception.


text: Remember in Shreveport and Bossier When 'Remember in Shreveport When' exhibit adds Bossier in second run By Kate Archer Kent • Jun 12, 2012 The Louisiana State Exhibit Museum in Shreveport is mounting a reprise of its "Remember When" exhibit it launched last summer. This year, the memorabilia includes Shreveport and Bossier City. The exhibit opens June 16 and runs through July 28.


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The Avengers (2012)
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Plot Summary
Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Hawkeye and Black Widow answer the call to action when Nick Fury, director of the international peacekeeping agency known as S.H.I.E.L.D., initiates a daring, globe-spanning recruitment effort to assemble The Avengers team to defeat an unexpected enemy threatening global safety and security. Despite pulling together the ultimate dream team, Nick Fury and longtime confidant Agent Coulson must find a way to convince the superheroes to work with, not against each other, when the powerful and dangerous Loki gains access to the Cosmic Cube and its unlimited power.
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I have a couple of key/value propper lists, like that:
L1 = [{k1, 1}, {k2, 2}, ... {k32, 32}],
L2 = [{k32, 0.1}, {k31, 0.2}, ... {k1, 0.32}].
What is effective way to merge it by key? Currently I do like that:
MergeFun = fun(_, X, Y) -> X+Y end,
D1 = dict:from_list(L1),
D2 = dict:from_list(L2),
Res = dict:to_list(dict:merge(MergeFun, D1, D2)).
But that is pretty slow. I assume that input lists not so big, maybe 32-64 elements and elements could be in any order.


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Stabilize at 350 ppm or risk ice-free planet, warn NASA, Yale, Sheffield, Versailles, Boston et al
The good news: We can avoid multimeter sea level rise, the loss of the inland glaciers that provide water to a billion people, rapid expansion of the subtropical deserts, and mass extinctions — each of which is all-but inevitable on our current path of unrestrained greenhouse gas emissions.
The not-so-good news: We will probably need an ultimate target of 350 ppm (or lower) for atmospheric carbon dioxide — if you accept the analysis of ten leading climate scientists from around the world.
And yes, the authors of "Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?" in The Open Atmospheric Science Journal are painfully aware we're already at 385 ppm and rising 2 ppm a year. That is why they propose the self-described "Herculean" task of phasing out coal use that does not capture CO2 "over the next 20-25." And that requires a global CO2 emissions profile that looks something like this:
[Note to Hansen et al: Big pet peeve — I think you confuse the general reader by labeling your y-axis "CO2 Emissions" while expressing the units in billion metric tons of carbon. This helps foster errors in the media and elsewhere (see "The biggest source of mistakes: C vs. CO2").]
Actually, even the ultra-sharp emissions cuts depicted in the figure won't do the trick. We would still need "reforestation of degraded land and improved agricultural practices that retain soil carbon" (aka biochar to the rescue) to "lower atmospheric CO2 by as much as 50 ppm."
More not-so-good news: That kind of emission reduction isn't going to happen, not even under President Obama, not even close. Heck, I doubt it would happen under a President Hansen. We just are not going to see 350 ppm this century. Unfortunately, the authors "infer from the Cenozoic data that CO2 was the dominant Cenozoic forcing, that CO2 was only ~450 ppm when Antarctica glaciated, and that glaciation is reversible."
That is, if we stabilize at 450 ppm (or higher) we risk returning the planet to conditions when it was largely ice free, when sea levels were higher by 70 meters — more than 200 feet! Yet, "Equilibrium sea level rise for today's 385 ppm CO2 is at least several meters, judging from paleoclimate history." Equally worrisome,
Theory and models indicate that subtropical regions expand poleward with global warming. Data reveal a 4-degree latitudinal shift already, larger than model predictions, yielding increased aridity in southern United States, the Mediterranean region, Australia and parts of Africa. Impacts of this climate shift support the conclusion that 385 ppm CO2 is already deleterious.
In short, widespread desertification and coastal flooding, Hell and High Water, is nigh (see also "Is 450 ppm politically possible? Part 0: The alternative is humanity's self-destruction").
Some slightly good news: The paper does suffer from one inherent analytical weakness that makes it (a tad) less dire than it appears.
Even if you accept their analysis (which many will not), the authors do not know how long we can overshoot 350, which is a function of not just the duration of the overshoot, but the magnitude (i.e. how high concentrations go). They write:
This target [350 ppm] must be pursued on a timescale of decades, as paleoclimate and ongoing changes, and the ocean response time, suggest that it would be foolhardy to allow CO2 to stay in the dangerous zone for centuries.
Well of course it would be foolhardy, but "centuries" is a long time. The ill-defined difference between decades and centuries is key here.
What if we could keep the peak at or below 450 ppm, and start concentrations declining by 2100, which would almost certainly require near-zero if not net-negative global emissions, and then get back to near 350 ppm by, say 2150 and then even lower by 2200? Would that be good enough? With a World War II scale effort for the next few decades, we could stay below 450 (see "Is 450 ppm (or less) politically possible? Part 2: The Solution"). My take away from this paper is that we would need to keep up that level of effort well into the next century — to get back below current levels.
But in some sense whether the ultimate target is 350, 400, or 450 doesn't matter as much as some people seem to think. You can't hit any of those targets without strong and relentless action starting January 20, 2009. Further delay risks catastrophe:
Humanity's task of moderating human-caused global climate change is urgent. Ocean and ice sheet inertias provide a buffer delaying full response by centuries, but there is a danger that human-made forcings could drive the climate system beyond tipping points such that change proceeds out of our control.
That, of course, is a central point of this blog.
The authors note that "it appears still feasible to avert catastrophic climate change," but their final warning deserves notice:
Present policies, with continued construction of coal-fired power plants without CO2 capture, suggest that decision-makers do not appreciate the gravity of the situation. [Note to Hansen et al: That is the understatement of the year.] We must begin to move now toward the era beyond fossil fuels. Continued growth of greenhouse gas emissions, for just another decade, practically eliminates the possibility of near-term return of atmospheric composition beneath the tipping level for catastrophic effects.
The most difficult task, phase-out over the next 20-25 years of coal use that does not capture CO2, is herculean, yet feasible when compared with the efforts that went into World War II. The stakes, for all life on the planet, surpass those of any previous crisis. The greatest danger is continued ignorance and denial, which could make tragic consequences unavoidable.
Okay, so we should have listened to Hansen two decades ago (see "Right for 27 years: 1981 Hansen study finds warming trend that could raise sea levels"). The time to act is yesterday.
One final point. Much of the analysis in this paper is a refinement of Hansen's earlier analysis arguing that the real-world or long-term climate sensitivity of the planet to doubled CO2 [550 ppm] is 6°C — twice the short-term or fast-feedback-only climate sensitivity used by the IPCC. [This post is a bit clearer on the difference between the two sensitivities.] Some people think Hansen is wrong about this issue (start here). If I am reading that criticism correctly, then I think Hansen responds to it in his new paper.
Also, if I am reading Hansen's paper correctly, then I think he may be mostly right for a different reason than he thinks, which is to say, I think the carbon-cycle feedbacks (including the tundra melting, the peatlands drying out, and sink saturation) act as the equivalent of the amplifiers that he models: "Additional warming, due to slow climate feedbacks including loss of ice and spread of flora over the vast high-latitude land area in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately doubles equilibrium climate sensitivity."
In short, if you get near 450 ppm and stay there for any length of time, you will shoot up to 700 to 1000 ppm, which certainly gets you an ice-free planet and other unimaginably catastrophic impacts.
Another way to put this is that the IPCC was right when it wrote last year:
Climate-carbon cycle coupling is expected to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as the climate system warms, but the magnitude of this feedback is uncertain. This increases the uncertainty in the trajectory of carbon dioxide emissions required to achieve a particular stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Based on current understanding of climate carbon cycle feedback, model studies suggest that to stabilise at 450 ppm carbon dioxide, could require that cumulative emissions over the 21st century be reduced from an average of approximately 670 [630 to 710] GtC to approximately 490 [375 to 600] GtC. Similarly, to stabilise at 1000 ppm this feedback could require that cumulative emissions be reduced from a model average of approximately 1415 [1340 to 1490] GtC to approximately 1100 [980 to 1250] GtC.
We're at more than 8 GtC/yr (billion metric tons of carbon per year) and rising 3% annually. We need to average below 5 GtC/yr — and maybe considerably less — for the whole century to avert catastrophe. We need to be near zero or below by 2100.
My Bottom Line: Let's start working now toward stabilizing below 450 ppm, while climate scientists figure out if in fact we need to ultimately get below 350.
You can read the Yale University press release on the Hansen et al paper here.
24 Responses to Stabilize at 350 ppm or risk ice-free planet, warn NASA, Yale, Sheffield, Versailles, Boston et al
"…That kind of emission reduction isn't going to happen, not even under President Obama, not even close. Heck, I doubt it would happen under a President Hansen. We just are not going to see 350 ppm this century."
Keep your chin up. Lets all whistle together – "Always look on the bright side of life…"
There may be a negative (or should that be positive) tipping point in there somewhere ahead.
Hmmm. Is your "WWII-style effort for the rest of the century" is probably an exaggeration of the scale of the effort required.
As some point, we will develop technology to take CO2 out of the atmosphere and sequester it. Without such technology, we are screwed.
The next question is how much such technology will cost to take a tonne of carbon out of the . A reasonable guess at this point is $250 per tonne of CO2 – to make it easy, $1000/ tonne of carbon.
Let's assume we take 5 billion tonnes of carbon out of the atmosphere every year at that price. That's 5 trillion dollars a year.
World GDP as of 2006 was around $65 trillion a year. The cost of such action would therefore represent 7% of world GDP. By 2050, such action would be, at a reasonable guess, about 2.5% of world GDP.
For comparison, during WWII, military expenditure accounted for a third of US GDP, I believe.
[JR: I'm not sure that percent of GDP is the right way to scale this. By WWII-scale effort, I was not talking about a "third of US GDP" scale effort as the need to direct resources and manufacturing and human capital on the same scale — and, perhaps as important, with the same speed.]
Can you say why you assume world GDP nearly triples by 2050?
[I've looked at lots of models that would say so. However, Ayres&Warr seem more compelling, i.e., that a big component of GDP growth is energy, most of energy comes from fossil fuels, and (oil&gas at least) will be peaking.
See last page especially of Ayres, 2005 @ ASPO.
[Note: his analysis implies that we have to go all-out on energy efficiency & sustainable supplies, or see GDP decrease, not increase.]
I do not assert that Ayres is necessarily right, but I'd be delighted to have someone explain to me why he's wrong.
Joe, the difficulty with focusing on that "analytical weakness" is that it increases risk since it will tend to lead to more time spent above 350 ppm. The message politicians will hear is that delay now can be traded for stronger action later (a line of argument which ought to sound unpleasantly familiar). That Hansen identifies centuries of 350+ CO2 as a clear hazard doesn't mean that he thinks staying at such levels for decades is without risk. IOW, I think you're reading too much into that passage. Will you ask Hansen to clarify?
Also, I suspect it may be the case that within relevant time-scales improved modeling won't be able to narrow the uncertainties enough to help with figuring out how much CO2 is too much.
Oh… you mean it is supposed to be "for ourselves AND our posterity" ??
I thought it was "for ourselves OR our posterity"
Do you really believe we are cutting our emissions at all? Have a look of 2% more emissions during the last decade per year.
I don´t see any possibility cutting world wide emissions before the day the catastrophe is at hand, there to be seen and understood by the billions of us.
We are, however, only smart apes, nothing more.
[JR: Who ever said I believe we are cutting our emissions? We aren't — but we could. That's the whole point of this blog.]
The "technofix" solution does not even exist, and never, ever will. There are several problems with this:
a) the energy to do this doesn't exist;
b) the political leadership doesn't exit;
c) the technology doesn't exist;
d) the infrastructure required to support this doesn't exist;
BUT — assuming that all of the above can be simply ignored, the real cost of carbon sequestering via technology is the positive feedbacks it creates by the technology itself. That is to say, the development and deployment of any such technology itself makes more carbon. Therefore, such a technology would have be highly efficient, similar to the EROEI issues surrounding any energy source.
There is also the issue of "reductions don't work" as Hansen pointed out in his paper. Even a 80% reduction won't work according to Hansen, because of the long lifetimes of C02 and other gases in the atmosphere. We would have had to have the "technofix" solution over two decades ago for this approach to work. The temperature rises are already there, we are dealing with a problem that has already set in motion positive feedback loops that will take at least a century to fully realize their own potential. This isn't something we can "stop" with a technofix of any magnitude.
Reality is smacking us in the face (lives) on all of these issues. We are also out of time, already. The bottom line is we are not going to fix this, it's not only impossible now (similar to trying to move the Earth out of it's orbit), it is actually inconceivable to scientists.
At least this is getting to the crux of the debate. I get frustrated by endless discussions of what battery technology we need for our EV's, as if that is going to fix anything!
The bottom line is that mankind (all of us) need to agree an intense carbon consumption diet, with sharp year on year falls. The market can be left to figure out what it wants to use the carbon for.
The missing factor is political will, and this only comes ultimately from popular pressure – which is acutely missing. The world's population needs to understand that they can continue BAU for only last a few more decades before it falls apart. Until people are frightened enough they will ignore the problem.
Aiming for 450 ppm is not an option. Just by phasing out coal (by 2030) CO2 levels can be brought down to 420 ppm. This is eminently doable, even assuming we will be burning all our known petrol and natural gas reserves.
We should aim for something higher. We should aim to leave a portion of our known natural gas reserves in the ground.
The big problem with your thinking is that you continuously speak of yearly CO2 emissions. They have no direct import on the climate situation. The number that matters is the amount of fossil fuels that we leave buried underneath.
We should have a prescribed quota of fossil fuels that we will dig up, how we use up this quota is immaterial. By all means, we can burn a lot of fossil fuels in the immediate future if that is meant to the construction of new energy plants. On the other hand, reducing fossil fuel usage with no long term energy plan is meaningless.
By 2050 (or even earlier), we will have an active plan for sucking CO2 in the atmosphere. It could be a Lackner process of direct CO2 capture, or extensive forestry and sequestering carbon through biochar, or digging up mineral stones which absorb CO2, or dissolving CO2 in alkaline earth silicates, or in ocean water or foamed materials through a catalyst.. The underlying denominator for each of these processes is that they need a lot of energy, which makes it imperative that we have a massive construction program for new energy plants. Energy will also be needed for desalination of water – a very pressing need in the future for growing populations.
Nuclear power is critical in meeting this energy demand.
[JR: Never said it wasn't — though I wouldn't use the word "critical." I'd say "probably helpful."]
Joe, one point of confusion for many will be the use of CO2 only stabilization targets, whereas the IPCC and many policy-makers are talking in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e).
I raised this issue with Hansen when he distributed the draft of his paper earlier this year and he replied the use of CO2e has "caused great confusion, to no benefit — we can and should talk about CO2 — the other GHGs affect this by only plus or minus 25 ppm, as I try to make clear — the other GHGs are important, as it is a lot better if they reduce the CO2 requirement by 10 or 20 ppm, rather than exacerbate it by that much — but whoever started this should NOT have introduced CO2-equivalent, which just confuses everybody — so I have got rid of it — when I talk about CO2 amount, I mean CO2 amount — that is the best way to go."
I believe the final paper includes a note about CO2e as a result of this discussion.
While a world-leading climate scientist such as Hansen has the credentials to choose not to use CO2e, most policy-makers are stuck with the approach adopted by the IPCC, which uses CO2e (as non-climate scientists, who are we to judge that Hansen et al are right if the IPCC does not adopt it).
The differences between the usages of CO2 and CO2e are very significant and care must be taken not to confuse them. The terms are very different quantitatively as is evident from the following points draw from the IPCC (2007) Working Group III report, at page 102:
• Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached 379 ppm in 2005 and was increasing by around 2 ppm per year.
• Including the effect of all long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, the total concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases was around 455 ppm carbon dioxide equivalents in 2005 (range 433-477 ppm).
• However, the cooling effects of aerosols and landuse changes reduce radiative forcing so that the net forcing of human activities was about 375 ppm carbon dioxide equivalents for 2005 (range 311-435 ppm).
While net forcing of all greenhouse gases, aerosols and landuse changes is roughly equal to the effect of carbon dioxide alone at the present time, this may not remain the case in the future particularly if atmospheric pollution levels decrease (thereby reducing the cooling effects of aerosols).
Stabilizing at 450 ppm CO2 alone could mean significantly higher levels of stabilization when measured in CO2e, leading to much higher levels of temperature rise than 2°C. For instance, if the cooling effect from aerosols was to approach zero in the future due to improved pollution controls, stabilization of atmospheric CO2 at 450 ppm might lead to a net warming effect around 520 ppm CO2e.
There is a real potential for governments and policy-makers to misunderstand and mis-apply information based on using either CO2 only figures or CO2e. In such circumstances, perhaps the best solution is to clearly flag the differences in the usage of these terms.
There is some further discussion of these issues in the context of stabilizing temperature rises and ocean acidification at http://www.climateshifts.org/?p=683
Is global warming too important to leave to the scientists? I think this would be an excellent case study. Assuming Hansen's numbers to be true, it is a very unhelpful argument when making the political argument.
"We can avoid multimeter sea level rise, the loss of the inland glaciers that provide water to a billion people,"
I don't know where you get a "billion people." The loss of the Himilayan glaciers alone means more like 2.5 billion people, including India, Pakistan, China, and other parts of southeast Asia. The loss of the Rocky Mtn glaciers are a few tens of millions of millions more. Granted, rainfall will help a little. Of course, that assumes that the monsoons still come, and the southwest US doesn't have one of its multidecade (century?) long droughts.
I wish I didn't find pessimism so damned realistic.
[JR: No. The inland glaciers are not the sole source of water for those 2.5 billion people. Also, remember, part of their function is to act as a reservoir, to store Precipitation in the form of snow. If you lose the inland glaciers, it is an unmitigated catastrophe, but it doesn't mean that 2.5 billion people are without water. So that's why I use the 1 billion figure. Hope that cheers you up!]
A nagging concern I have is that fossil fuels are effectively permanent CO2 draw down. I can't see how any sizable part of these reserves would have naturally been reintroduced back in to the atmosphere.
Is this the case?
Does that mean that the only way that AGW carbon will be drwan back out is if we extract the carbon specifically with our technology?
Whats worse than rising sea-level and monster storms?…
may be were not addressing this enough here.
"The Darkening Sea"
"…the effects of climate change are not limited to global warming: they extend to the sea, where the chemistry of the water is being changed and creating a profound threat to the food chain, starting at the bottom."
>>JR: No. The inland glaciers are not the sole source of water for those 2.5 billion people.
True enough, but the glaciers feed the main rivers in the region, which are an important part of the other source of water. And they are using up their aquifers at an alarming rate, although there have been some beginning efforts to harness the monsoons with rainwater harvesting in some provinces (see When the Rivers Run Dry by Fred Pearce for one recent source on all of this). And they are also polluting existing sources of water at an alarming rate.
>>Also, remember, part of their function is to act as a reservoir, to store Precipitation in the form of snow.
Yes, that is one reason why they are so useful. but what happens when there is no–or too little–snow? If the glaciers disappear, it will be because it will rain rather than snow (to the extent that there is precipitation at all–and who knows how precipitation will be affected?). I don't know what is happening in the Himilayas w/r/t snow (I can guess), but snowmelt has been diminishing in the Rockies, as well as coming earlier. And of course, dams to store the water won't be much help if it continues to warm–evaporation will see to that (cf. the predictions about Lake Mead effectively going dry by 2020).
I know, I need to get in touch with my inherited Jewish belief in miracles rather than–or at least in addition to–our deep-seated sense of imminent doom.
Robert Merkel — Your estimate of the cost of removing carbon dioxide is about a factor of ten too high. Enhanced weathering of (certain) minerals permanently removes the carbon dioxide, is completely natural and safe.
Olivine weathering:
"Rocks Could Be Harnessed To Sponge Vast Amounts Of Carbon Dioxide From Air":
Because if we don't, the bogs will do us in:
"Global Warming Predicted To Hasten Carbon Release From Peat Bogs":
The Rest of the Biochar Story:
Charles Mann ("1491")in the Sept. National Geographic has a wonderful soils article which places Terra Preta / Biochar soils center stage.
I think Biochar has climbed the pinnacle, the Combined English and other language circulation of NGM is nearly nine million monthly with more than fifty million readers monthly!
We need to encourage more coverage now, to ride Mann's coattails to public critical mass.
Please put this (soil) bug in your colleague's ears. These issues need to gain traction among all the various disciplines who have an iron in this fire.
I love the "MEGO" factor theme Mann built the story around. Lord… how I KNOW that reaction.
I like his characterization concerning the pot shards found in Terra Preta soils;
so filled with pottery – "It was as if the river's first inhabitants had
thrown a huge, rowdy frat party, smashing every plate in sight, then
buried the evidence."
A couple of researchers I was not aware of were quoted, and I'll be sending them posts about our Biochar group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/b…guid=122501696
and data base;
I also have been trying to convince Michael Pollan ( NYT Food Columnist, Author ) to do a follow up story, with pleading emails to him
Since the NGM cover reads "WHERE FOOD BEGINS" , I thought this would be right down his alley and focus more attention on Mann's work.
I've admiried his ability since "Botany of Desire" to over come the "MEGO" factor (My Eyes Glaze Over) and make food & agriculture into page turners.
It's what Mann hasn't covered that I thought should interest any writer as a follow up article.
The Biochar provisions by Sen.Ken Salazar in the 07 farm bill,
Dr, James Hansen's Global warming solutions paper and letter to the G-8 conference last month, and coming article in Science,
The many new university programs & field studies, in temperate soils
Glomalin's role in soil tilth & Terra Preta,
The International Biochar Initiative Conference Sept 8 in New Castle;
Given the current "Crisis" atmosphere concerning energy, soil sustainability, food vs. Biofuels, and Climate Change what other subject addresses them all?
Biochar, the modern version of an ancient Amazonian agricultural practice called Terra Preta (black earth), is gaining widespread credibility as a way to address world hunger, climate change, rural poverty, deforestation, and energy shortages… SIMULTANEOUSLY!
This technology represents the most comprehensive, low cost, and productive approach to long term stewardship and sustainability.
Terra Preta Soils a process for Carbon Negative Bio fuels, massive Carbon sequestration,10X Lower Methane & N2O soil emissions, and 3X Fertility Too. Every 1 ton of Biomass yields 1/3 ton Charcoal for soil Sequestration.
Carbon to the Soil, the only ubiquitous and economic place to put it.
540 289 9750
John: I have a little bet on just this topic. I'm aware of the view that without fossil fuels our economy will just dry up, but I just don't buy it, myself.
Joe: fair enough, but fraction of GDP isn't a terrible proxy for the amount of intellectual and physical effort we put into.
David: I certainly hope I've overestimated. But I was trying to take a very conservative approach to how much the kind of change Joe thinks (and I agree) is necessary, might possibly cost, and show that the effort won't necessitate anything like the privations endured during WWII.
Amidst the scale of the challenges and inadequate political and social response, there are a few encouraging signs of change in Wales, UK that indicate what might just be possible with a fair wind.
We now have the first few public sector organisations looking at the implications of a 9% annual reduction in CO2 levels, and Jane Davidson, Wales' minister for Envt Sustainability & Housing has asked all National Parks (which represent 20% of our land area) to work through 3, 6 & 9% reduction sceanrios. Discussions have also started around the potential for a country-wide shift to Cradle to Cradle production and to ways of embedding national food security within ten to fifteen years. This small country was the crucible of the first industrial revolution – let's hope it can provide a low carbon, zero landfill template for the next one.
The reason why Romm (and others at Gristmill) are afraid of the 350 number, is because it means a massive investment in carbon-negative bioenergy, that is: biomass electricity coupled to CCS, biohydrogen coupled to CCS, and biochar. All bio that is, and not so much wind or solar or geothermal.
This is so because these bioenergy technologies can yield carbon-negative energy, whereas the weak renewables only yield carbon-neutral energy and thus won't do (they won't do because we need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, and wind, solar and geothermal don't do that; negative emissions bioenergy does.)
Read Hansen's text, page 227 (the key passage of the text, called "Policy Relevance" of this article – not mentioned by Romm, because it's all "bio").
Desire to reduce airborne CO2 raises the question of whether CO2 could be drawn from the air artificially. There are no large-scale technologies for CO2 air capture now, but with strong research and development support and industrial scale pilot projects sustained over decades it may be possible to achieve costs ~$200/tC or perhaps less. At $200/tC, the cost of removing 50 ppm of CO2 is ~$20 trillion.
Improved agricultural and forestry practices offer a more natural way to draw down CO2. Deforestation contributed a net emission of 60±30 ppm over the past few hundred years, of which ~20 ppm CO2 remains in the air today.
Reforestation could absorb a substantial fraction of the 60±30 ppm net deforestation emission.
Carbon sequestration in soil also has significant potential. Biochar, produced in pyrolysis of residues from crops, forestry, and animal wastes, can be used to restore soil fertility while storing carbon for centuries to millennia. Biochar helps soil retain nutrients and fertilizers, reducing emissions of GHGs such as N2O. Replacing slash-and-burn agriculture with slash-and-char and use of agricultural and forestry wastes for biochar production could provide a CO2 drawdown of ~8 ppm or more in half a century.
[In the Supplementary Material Section] we define a forest/ soil drawdown scenario that reaches 50 ppm by 2150. This scenario returns CO2 below 350 ppm late this century, after about 100 years above that level.
More rapid drawdown could be provided by CO2 capture at power plants fueled by gas and biofuels [that is: carbon-negative bioenergy – biomass power plants coupled to CCS]. Low-input high-diversity biofuels grown on degraded or marginal lands, with associated biochar production, could accelerate CO2 drawdown, but the nature of a biofuel approach must be carefully designed.
A rising price on carbon emissions and payment for carbon sequestration is surely needed to make drawdown of airborne CO2 a reality. A 50 ppm drawdown via agricultural and forestry practices seems plausible. But if most of the CO2 in coal is put into the air, no such "natural" drawdown of CO2 to 350 ppm is feasible. Indeed, if the world continues on a business-as-usual path for even another decade without initiating phase-out of unconstrained coal use, prospects for avoiding a dangerously large, extended overshoot of the 350 ppm level will be dim.
Romm is uncomfortable with Hansen's message, because it implies a massive investment in bioenergy – the type of renewable that Romm, for some bizarre reason, can't stand.
Anything less than a 350 aim means you're a fake green.
Check the guys who take Hansen's message serious: November 10, 2008:
Scientists suggest carbon dioxide levels already in danger zone – urge investments in carbon-negative energy, biochar
Jonas — I'm all in favor of biochar sequestration, but suggest assisting by enhanced mineral weathering. I posted some links in this thread earlier. My cost estimates start at $140 per tonne of carbon removed and then drop (for several reasons) to about half that. Others think that it can be done for only $35 per tonne of carbon removed. I hope so, but am dubious.
In any case, this appears much less expensive, eventually, than even the most optimistic estimates for coal-based CCS.
What a load of BS!
A professor Keith at the University of Calgary has a pilot plant that removes CO2 from ordinary university air that costs 100 kwhr of electricity to remove one tonne of CO2. 100 kwhr of electricity where I live, retail, costs $7.
But I think we should all run around like chickens with our heads cut off proclaiming James Hansen is a jerk because he can't flesh out to Romm's satisfaction how it is that civilization could possibly stabilize the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere at 325- 350 ppm. No new technology will ever be developed, no new political will will ever develop, no one cares, and nothing will be done, other than exactly what Romm thinks is possible in today's political environment. So make sure you don't read about the prof in Calgary.


text:
Poll Finds Optimism in New York, But Race and Class Affect Views
By ADAM NAGOURNEY
Published: March 12, 1997
New Yorkers are more upbeat about their city than they have been in nearly a decade, with their views of crime, the economy and the future suggesting that many have discarded the grim self-image that gripped them just four years ago, according to the latest New York Times poll.
But the poll presents New York as a city divided by race, ethnicity and economic class. While black and Hispanic residents are also more optimistic than they were four years ago, they are notably less satisfied than whites with the state of the city.
The Times poll, conducted at the start of this month, points to a relative hopefulness that appears to be taking hold in parts of New York at the start of this mayoral election year.
In one measure of how sharply attitudes have changed, half the people surveyed said that even if they had the option to move away, they would not leave New York.
That was the highest percentage that response to that question received in more than a decade, though again, whites were more willing to remain in New York than were other groups.
From a political perspective, the Times poll contains much good news for Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani, though it pointed to some possible vulnerabilities in his pursuit of a second term. Most New Yorkers tend to think the city's economy is doing well now relative to four years ago, though economic indicators show that the recovery is centered mostly on Wall Street, and they feel safer on their streets than they did when David N. Dinkins was Mayor.
Many are inclined to credit Mr. Giuliani with at least some of these improvements, and not to blame him for some of the city's problems.
On the other hand, the level of dissatisfaction with Mr. Giuliani among blacks and, to a lesser extent, among women and Hispanic residents, could pose a problem for the Mayor, especially if he faces a strong Democratic opponent. The two leading candidates vying for the Democratic nomination are a woman and a Hispanic politician: Ruth W. Messinger, the Manhattan Borough President, and Fernando Ferrer, the Bronx Borough President.
The Times poll was conducted from March 1 through March 6. There were 1,397 adult New Yorkers, living in the five boroughs, who were questioned by telephone. The margin of sampling error was plus or minus 3 percentage points.
When similar questions were posed to New Yorkers by The Times and WCBS-TV in October 1993, about a month before Mr. Giuliani defeated Mr. Dinkins in the last mayoral election, the city's mood appeared to be much more pessimistic than that found in this poll. Then, and by sizable margins, people described New York as less safe, more economically debilitated and more racially polarized than it had been when Mr. Dinkins took office in 1989.
By contrast, in this latest poll, 43 percent called the city safer than it was four years ago. In 1993, only 13 percent said they thought the city was safer than it had been in 1989. In this poll, 59 percent described the city economy as good, compared with 32 percent in 1993. And 35 percent described race relations as good, compared with 24 percent four years ago.
Still, New Yorkers have reservations about the city and its Mayor. Voters are increasingly worried about the state of the schools, with one in five voters saying that education should be the top priority of the next Mayor. One in four voters said that crime should be the next Mayor's top priority.
Even more New Yorkers, 31 percent, cited crime as their chief complaint about living in the city. The drop in crime rates notwithstanding, the results suggest that the issue remains a burning one, though not as critical as in 1985, when half the respondents cited crime as the worst thing about living in New York.
And while there are more New Yorkers who present themselves as optimistic about the city's long-term future than there were at the end of Mr. Dinkins's term, they are still outnumbered by New Yorkers who are pessimistic.
Further, the Times Poll indicates that Mr. Giuliani governs a city stratified by race, class and sex. The upbeat view of the city and its Mayor is driven by respondents who, like Mr. Giuliani, are white, male and upper-middle or upper class. Women and lower-income respondents were far less likely to say that the economy had improved, or that New York was safer, or that Mr. Giuliani was doing a good job.
That disparity is even more stark when it comes to race and ethnic background. Whites disagreed with black and Hispanic respondents on nearly every question in the poll, from questions about Mr. Giuliani's performance to the caliber of New York City drinking water. (Whites rated it better.) The one exception was in attitudes towards crime, with 39 percent of whites, 32 percent of blacks and 21 percent of Hispanic respondents agreeing that reducing crime was the best thing Mr. Giuliani had done as Mayor.
By any measure, this public mood seems likely to have a significant effect on shaping the mayoral election, and the initial indications are that Mr. Giuliani will be the beneficiary. Of those questioned, 54 percent approved of the way Mr. Giuliani was handling his job, and 52 percent described his first term as ''mainly a success.'' By contrast, Mr. Dinkins never achieved a job approval rating above 47 percent.


text:
Anyone believe Glengoffe is gonna do Groves?
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Belt holder
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Join Date: Mar 2012
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Anyone believe Glengoffe is gonna do Groves?
Been thinking about it for the last few days, and after seeing how ****y, arrogant and deluded Groves has been in recent weeks, (even taking the **** out of his main man Booth) Some people said he was prating about, but Booth wasn't laughing along.....Groves looked like a punk who had just gotten up from bed in that PC.
I feel a Carl Thompson-David Haye, Corrie Sanders-Wladimir Klitschko all over again here.
Groves will be unprepared and ****y, throw loads of flash, gas early, get tagged by a trademark Glen Johnson right, Johnson will throw punches in bunches, Groves will be out on his feet against the ropes, ref steps in and stops the fight....with everyone saying Johnson rolled back the years.
It might not get that far, and Groves will take the 1st shot and go to sleep......
I just don't think Johnson should be underestimated....regardless of his obvious decline in the last couple of fights.
He comes to fight, always, just ask Frochy who won a MD...and if Groves goes into the fight like he did in that PC, I can see Johnson humbling and exposing his ass.
Groves will bemoan a poor training camp, underestimated his opponent,
Booth will say its the lesson he needed to learn, will make him a better fighter etc etc.
I can see it.
But can you?
(....I hope I haven't cursed it, with this prediction...)
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Read the criteria and submit a hot site!
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text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Dec 29th, 2008
Running Time: 131 Min.
Director: G. Matthews
Company: Black Magic Pictures
DVD Extras: Behind the Scenes, Still Gallery(ies)
Cast: Nathan Threat, Lacy Green, Mary J. Rydes, Byron Long, Prince Yahshua, Phylisha Stone, Sledge Hammer, Lailonni Ballixxx, Stacey Fuxxx, Others
Critical Rating: AAA
Genre: All-Sex
If you love 'em black, young and tight, Black Magic Pictures has what you need! Five cocoa brown honeys are putting out like never before! They're riding high on top of big thick dicks and gobbling it down like it was their last meal. They'll have you cumming from beginning to end.
We have no problem with releases that feature average-looking girls as long as the boning is honest and hot (in fact, some viewers prefer these kind of gals to "porn stars") but we do have a problem with misleading, heavily Photoshopped box covers. 'Nuff said on that topic.
Unfortunately, here the inside disappoints more than the outside. Phylisha's uncontrollable eyes-a-rollin' 'gazms convince us of her love for hard dickin' (by way of Yahshua's giant member) but the rest of YB2 provides nothing to touch that level of heat. Nor is the material ass-centric enough to warrant a "Bootieful" claim. Looks like Matthews was asleep at the wheel.


text:
To get more hits, obviously, you need to ask:
is this art racist?
The difference between writing and painting is that you can paint dots, a line, maybe two lines, splatter it, just slather dirty water around, make patterns, whatever, and get people like Graves to ruminate over them like they're the freaking Rosetta Stone, whereas if somebody writes a book that just has the letter "G" in 108 point font on each page for 200 pages or writes "duckduckduckduckduck" in the shape of a duck and "cowcowcowcowcow" in the shape of a cow and so on, literary critics and readers alike go "What the shit is this worthless crap?" and toss it.
Toss it out of the literary field into the art field for Graves and Friends, where you can paint poop on a paper plate and write an essay about it in 12 different ways.
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text:
Organic by BenHicklingWatch
©2012-2016 BenHickling
Every little helps!
o moso cara de cú? kkkkkkkkkkkkk
the elusive anus plant shall be mine!
I don't know why but it made me faved somehow
looks like butthole
Is that...my baby picture!?
Very impressive feel to the texturing of the surface of the character. An apt name for the pic as well because it conveys being organic very well.
Charming (;
It has a butt holefor a mouth....a butthole for a mouth........WTF IS THIS???? Perfect for Halloween, creepy, disturbing, silly and awesome!
This is so unnerving but that's the best thing about it.
I'm wondering what it is that brought on the thought that led to this painting. It's one of those unique, special and random (might I add personal?) things that does not fail to grab and hold one's attention, or make one go 'hang on a sec...'. I'm deeply intrigued by the faded Tesco logo, and also very entertained by it. Though simple, this has tons of personality!
I like it. Great piece!
I like it. Great piece!
Thank you! I just wanted to paint something funny/creepy, so I sketched out a simple shape and tried to give it a weird face. The Tesco logo was a last minute idea, but I thought it might make it more intriguing to the viewer~
pure evil
wow, so amazing! i love it and how real it looks! Those eyes feel like they could stare in one's soul!
It's so good but so weird! lol.
This is so uncomfortable looking. Stinkin' awesome!
uaah, craziness!


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Sesame Street Season 46
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Best Place to buy action figures online?
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text:
I am constructing a binary search tree of size 7 and height 3. I only have to hard-code it, not generate it through a function.
This is the tree that I have hard-coded
Node (Node (Node (Empty, 0, Empty), 1,
Node (Empty, 3, Empty)), 5
Node (Empty, 7, Node (8, 9, Empty))))
What I want is for Node 9 to have two children (8 and Empty). However, I keep on getting an error on 8 that says "this expression has type int but an expression of was expected of type int tree". How can I correct this?


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New AppGuide: Weight Tracking For iPad
Your iPad can be a great tool to track your weight. Many apps can display nice graphs to showcase your progress. There are even Wi-Fi scales that can enter the info for you. We compare the best options for iPad users in this AppGuide.
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