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"La Romana, Cigars and a huge sugar factory" Top 5 Page for this destination La Romana by mabu
La Romana Travel Guide: 58 reviews and 101 photos
During my stay at Bayahibe (see my Bayahibe page for more) I made a day's trip to La Romana.
My friend who lives in Bayahibe acted as a local guide. We had quite some fun that day...
So read on these pages about impressions of La Romana.
- Pros:A lovely market and great for shopping
- Cons:the air polution.
- In a nutshell:market, cigars and a huge sugar factory
Reviews (7)
Sorry to all railway fans, the dominican railway isn't used for passenger transport... The railway transports the... more travel advice
The fastest and cheapest, but not the safest way to get around la romana are moto conchos. Moto conchos are motorbikes... more travel advice
When you get near the place you can already smell the fresh pastry wich is made there. Behind the walls surrounding... more travel advice
La Romana has a very nicely kept park in the city centre, the perfect place to rest your legs and sit down. There are... more travel advice
Travelogues (1)
- 1
Comments (9)
Great page and information. Maybe we will catch the cigar factory when we are in La Romana March 2009.
One of my daily stops for cafe con leche with a chocolate croissant. A great local institution that provides a fine coffee along with one of the best bakeries in town. To go is available also, but to enjoy the experience, have a seat and relax.
Very interesting place. Hope to visit there some day. Great page-))
Beautiful page, thanks:)
La Romana seems to be a nice town despite the air-polution. The market sound to be a great place.
I've never said this before, but . . . "this page SMELLS good!" I can smell the cigars adn the markets and the exhaust from the motorbikes! Happy birthday, Markus!!!
Great tips. It looks like you had a very nice time.
Great work! Many good info & pics. I regret I did not visit the cigar factory during my daytrip to La Romana.
FOUR people on ONE motorbike? Oh my god!
mabu's Related Pages
La Romana Travel Guide
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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Jul 01st, 2002
Running Time: 136
Director: Jules Jordan
Cast: Lexington Steele, Monica Sweetheart, Alexa Rae, August, Ryan Conner, Shyla (I)
Critical Rating: AAAA
Genre: Gonzo
This one is a can\'t-miss from Jules Jordan and the Evil Empire.
Lexington Steele looks pensively into the distance, telling us that it's "Super Bowl Sunday." But Lex the Impaler is wearing his game face for other reasons. There is business to handle, specifically of the anal variety.
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The voluptuous blonde Ryan Conner starts the second scene sitting on a stool with her ample ass sticking out. She shows a winning attitude during director Jules Jordan's interview. "I think anybody who shoots with Lex is probably in for some extreme shooting," she says. Conner is also wearing white stockings and slips into some black, high-heeled boots as if she's getting ready for anal combat. After Conner's b.j, it's onto reverse cowgirl and doggie and it's incredible as Conner gasps for air. The anal doggie is fantastic and so is the cowgirl anal as Conner shows championship form. By the time Steele finishes with the anal missionary and doggie, Conner's eyes are watering. The explosive pop cements a pre-nom for Best Anal Scene - Video.
Cut to Alexa Rae, looking simply phenomenal with nipple rings, a tongue piercing, a clit hood ring, a navel piercing and white stockings and lacey corset. Jordan attaches a leash to her collar and pulls her around before she dons a blindfold and is introduced to Steele's foot-long personality. He starts her missionary and Alexa appears to be in rare form, making sexy eyes at the camera as Steele picks her up for reverse cowgirl in another load-coaxer. But Steele seems to be on a personal mission in this scene as the two invent a position - call it air doggie - as she straddles him with her hands on the bed. Alexa winks at the camera just before three more position changes. Steele finally blows his load heroically. Give it a pre-nom for Best Couples Scene - Video.
The happy-go-lucky August walks on the treadmill with her ass cheeks peeking out of her tight shorts in the next scene. Then August's pretty ass cheeks swallow Steele's weapon during the cowgirl. The two move upstairs for the next wave of fucking, when Steele picks her up, and August laughs and sticks her tongue out before some heated missionary. Steele, sweating all over her now, scissor fucks her before she smiles pretty for the pop on her cheek.
The Impaler closes the show with a relatively quick session with Monica Sweetheart. Pre-nom LTI2 for Best Gonzo Tape.

subset: commoncrawl


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GRANTVILLE, Ga. (AP) - A dirty license plate cost Linda Ford $1,590 that she can't afford.
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ATLANTA (AP) - Georgia's highest court ruled Monday that a state law allowing courts to contract with private probation companies to supervise misdemeanor offenders is constitutional but does not allow for additional requirements beyond what is imposed by the courts.
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Page 48 of 149


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Now Playing Onstage in Orlando - Week of 5/18/2014
Click Here to View BroadwayWorld.com Orlando Calendar
Orlando Repertory Theatre
The season wraps up with Freckleface Strawberry The Musical (April 17 - May 25, 2014), based on the picture book by celebrated actress Julianne Moore and written by Gary Kupper and Rose Caiola. Freckleface Strawberry will do anything to get rid of her freckles - from scrubbing them with soap, to caking on makeup, and even wearing a ski mask to school! With the help of her lovable schoolmates including an amazingly talented ballerina, a cutie jock, a charming ditz, and a totally kooky teacher, Freckleface learns that everyone is different - and that's what makes everyone special!
Click Here for More Information
Garden Theatre
It's 1962, and the lovable plus-size teen Tracy Turnblad has only one desire - to dance on the popular Corny Collins Show. When her dream comes true, Tracy is transformed from social outcast to sudden star. She must use her newfound power to dethrone the reigning Teen Queen, win the affections of heartthrob Link Larkin, and integrate a TV network, all without denting her 'do!
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Pinocchio's Marionette Theater
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Purple Venue, Lowndes Shakespeare Center
After acclaimed runs in NYC, the UK and Australia, writer/performer Peter Michael Marino presents the comical autopsy on his $6 million West End "Desperately Seeking Susan" musical fiasco in DESPERATELY SEEKING THE EXIT. Directed by Obie Award winner John Clancy, this Orlando premiere will be performed at the Orlando Fringe from May 14-25 in the Purple Room. In 2007, American playwright Peter Michael Marino wrote a musical based on the film Desperately Seeking Susan featuring the music of Blondie. It opened on London's West End�and closed a month later. DESPERATELY SEEKING THE EXIT offers a comical, behind-the-scenes peek at how this $6 million musical was made and unmade: hatching the idea, deals with MGM, Debbie Harry and even Madonna; the workshops, the previews, the scathing reviews, closing night and beyond! "Highly entertaining. A salutary lesson to anyone looking to the stage for fame, fortune and happiness." -- British Theatre Guide "Hilarious. The man can tell a story." -- Naples News "Like SMASH on speed. Relentlessly rapid-fire." -- Fringe Review (AU) "Both funny and horribly revealing." -- The Times (UK) "Fast-paced fun ... a simply uplifting and completely engrossing tribute to the human spirit." -- The List, Edinburgh
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Lake Howell High School
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View All Show Listings for Orlando
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Type: Posts; User: Jatmobil
Double Huh?
Try 7 Pearl Court # B Allendale, NJ 07401
It is where VW Group Of America keep their so called "test fleet" ;)
Fixed - sorry couldn't resist! :laugh:
Definitely not the case! This would wreak havoc on the Cat! It would significantly reduce its life!
Agreed! The system permits sound to enter the passenger compartment past the firewall via a vent, in dynamic mode! There may be a valve in the exhaust as well, not sure though, but the firewall vent...
Yes it should, but i have to do this! Just too irresistible!
No need! Check out this link! It's been done before - http://www.audienthusiasts.com/Project_HillHold.html
Although on an A4, but I am going to assume that the coding isn't going to be a whole lot...
Bragging rights for one, 4 exhaust pipes and oh yeah, the S3 badge come to mind for getting an S3! :laugh:
I wonder how the SRS knows not to inflate the rear passenger side curtains!?!?
IDK but you should get a new iPod cable with the car!
Don't you mean MSRP * .93 ???:P
Haha! the guy repeatedly keeps calling it a "Dual Shift Gearbox"!! :laugh:
Yea! I don't see the MPI fuel rail, which would be right on top, running along the intake manifold, with an injector in each of the intake port areas!!!:banghead:
Apologies now if this has already been mentioned, as this thread has gotten too long to read in its entirety.
Also, I am not for speculating either, and would like to wait to see the official US...
I got into a similar situation as you, but not as great as you put it, so only the 2.0t Premium Plus was within reach... and trust me, coming from a B7 Passat, even the 2.0t PP was a totally...
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What is so special about the cntrlr that u are willing to rip apart a door and introduce the possibility of creaks and rattles for the rest of the life of the car?
Here come a lock by the admin!


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I'm still on the fence with this screen. Something just doesn't feel right or hit right with me. Any suggestions would be helpful :).
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Show and tell for designers
What are you working on? Dribbble is a community of designers sharing screenshots of their work, process, and projects.
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Levels and Views
If you have a long run of stairs (like the seven in this project), split the difference: one set of three steps near the house, for instance, then four later on. Varying levels offer places to take in views from different vantage points. They also break up big space into distinct outdoor rooms.
Ask TOH users about Deck, Patio & Porch


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Strangercrombie Sixteen Boxes of Porn!?!
posted by December 11 at 10:48 AMon
My favorite Strangercrombie item is the Date for One package. Here's the item description:
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In case you needed a little more convincing, there are many amazing things one can do with 16 boxes of heterosexual porn. Some of my ideas include theme parties, birthday presents, disguise birthday presents (where you innocently insert a porn into a case for the movie Clueless), gluing them together to make a wonderful bookcase, booby-trapping Dan Savage's office (a porn in every desk drawer!), photocopying the case "art" for posters and thank you cards, and masturbating.
The possibilities are endless.


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Turkey's benchmark ISE National 100 Index gained 1.2 percent to 56,201.45 at the close in Istanbul, erasing yesterday's 1.1 percent loss. The market was closed for a holiday the first three days of the week.
The following stocks were active.
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Separate names with a comma.
Keep me posted on if that works. I am thinking about getting a new sim card as well.
Sent from my Thunderbolt using DroidForums App
I live in cincinnati and they said as long and im within abt 10-20 miles outside of the 275 loop im good. I am well within that. Ill prolly call...
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Losing 4G signal
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Newly built UK homes
Credit: Richard Newstead
Creative #: 122286945
License type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libelous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
Collection: Moment
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Chico FreemanVer en iTunes
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An excellent tenor saxophonist and the son of Von Freeman, Chico Freeman has had a busy and diverse career, with many recordings ranging from advanced hard bop to nearly free avant-garde jazz. He originally played trumpet, not taking up the tenor until he was a junior in college. Freeman graduated from Northwestern University in 1972, played with R&B groups, and joined the AACM. In 1977, he moved to New York, where he worked with Elvin Jones, Sun Ra, Sam Rivers' big band, Jack DeJohnette's Special Edition, and Don Pullen, in addition to leading his own groups. He recorded a dozen albums as a leader during 1975-1982. Starting in 1984, Freeman has played on a part-time basis with the Leaders, he has recorded on a few occasions with his father and in 1989, he put together an electric band called Brainstorm. Chico Freeman has recorded through the years as a leader for Dharma, India Navigation, Contemporary, Black Saint, Elektra/Musician, Black Hawk, Palo Alto, Jazz House, and In & Out.
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Nombre de nacimiento:
Earl Lavon Freeman, Jr.
17 de julio de 1949 en Chicago, IL
Años de actividad:
'60s, '70s, '80s, '90s


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- Dr. Poynton was awarded a Visiting Professorship from the National Science Foundation (1992 – 1993).
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Current Roles
Within the Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Dr. Poynton is active in parasitology research with a focus on protozoans (especially diplomonad flagellates), and education, particularly the recognition of parasites in tissue sections. Via her joint appointments in Art as Applied to Medicine, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, she teaches courses in Scientific Writing and Biomedical Writing. Dr. Poynton's principal scholarly activity in 2014 is completing the writing and assembly of her book entitled "Aquaculture Parasitology: Global Impacts and Management in Finfish", to be published by Wiley-Blackwell, for which she is coordinating editor.
Dr. Poynton has expertise in host-parasite interactions and parasite ultrastructure, especially of pathogenic protozoa in aquatic and exotic animals held for research, exhibit and aquaculture. The focus of Dr. Poynton's research are pathogenic diplomonad flagellates of the genus Spironucleus, among which the piscine species Spironucleus salmonis, is of particular interest. Diplomonads, long considered as amitochondriate, are not only significant enteric pathogens of many different vertebrates, but are also of fundamental interest to cell biologists. Along with colleagues in Norway and Germany, she is investigating multiple aspects of Spironucleus species including: (i) developing improved diagnostic tools using ultrastructural and molecular approaches, (ii) characterizing encystment, (iii) identifying new treatment targets with emphasis on the encystment stage of the life cycle, and (iv) investigating innate immunity as a basis for a novel plasma incubation test to predict host susceptibility to infection.
Dr. Poynton collaborates intensively with veterinary staff at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. These productive interactions have yielded publications on a diversity of parasites, ranging from description of a new genus of flagellate in the respiratory tract of a cetacean, to a comprehensive study of the parasite fauna of endangered poison dart frogs.
Teaching and Graduate Program Affiliations
Dr. Poynton teaching in the following courses
Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology
- ME 680.701 Comparative Pathobiology & Genetically Engineered Mice
- ME 680.707 - Experimental Design and Scientific Writing
- ME 680.711 Comparative Pathology Conference (Slide Conference)
- She also provides the specialized instruction "Identification of Parasites in Tissue Sections", and supports students, residents and fellows with sign-outs of pathology cases.
Department of Art as Applied to Medicine
- ME 120.757 Scientific Communication (Course Director)
- ME 120.754 Research and Thesis
Graduate Training Program in Clinical Investigation (GTPCI)
- PH 390.710 Biomedical Writing (Part I) (Course Director)
- PH 390.711 Biomedical Writing (Part II) (Course Director)
- Dr. Poynton also provides the following instruction for courses and workshops
Office of Faculty Development (OFD)
- Scientific and Biomedical Writing for Junior Faculty (new course in fall 2014)
- Writing Letters of Recommendation (Emerging Women's Leadership Program)
Professional Development Office (PDO)
- Networking and Visibility
- Planning a Successful International Research Career
Dr. Poynton has served as a member of the thesis committee for numerous Bachelors, Masters and Ph.D. students in the USA and in Germany.
University Committees
Since 2010, Dr. Poynton has served as departmental representative for the Faculty Senate (formerly Medical School Council). After serving her initial term from 2010 – 2013, she was reelected to a second term, from 2013 – 2016. Dr. Poynton has also served on the Joint Oversight Committee on Faculty Development and Gender, and played a key role in revising the format of the most recent Faculty Satisfaction Survey.
Professional Societies
- Dr. Poynton has held leadership roles in the Society of Protozoology (nominations committee), and the International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine (book review editor, Secretary-Treasurer and Board Member, and student liaison committee). She is currently a member of the American Fisheries Society (Fish Health Section), and the European Association of Fish Pathologists.
- On behalf of the American Fisheries Society (Fish Health Section), and with her colleague, Dr. Andrew Kane, Dr. Poynton was co-chair of the organizing committee of two International Symposia on Aquatic Animal Health; ISAAH-3 in Baltimore, MD, in 1998, and ISAAH-6 in Tampa, FL, in 2010.
Advisory committees, review groups and study sections, journal reviewer
Dr. Poynton has been a reviewer for numerous agencies including: California Sea Grant, Maryland Sea Grant (Marine Biotechnology), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the United States Department of Agriculture. She has reviewed manuscripts for 19 national and international journals, and has served on the Editorial Board of Acta Protozoologica.
Internation Experience
- Dr. Poynton has served as a consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO (UN)). Her responsibilities included: (i) co-chairing Regional Workshops on Aquaculture Development for North Africa in Cairo, Egypt, and for the Near East in Muscat, Oman, (ii) authoring the FAO (UN) publication "Regional Review on Aquaculture Development 2. Near East and North Africa, and (iii) participating in an Expert Workshop, in China, on Prospective Analysis of Global Aquaculture Development.
- Dr. Poynton has worked at the Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, in Berlin, Germany, for many blocks of time over a 10 year period, as a Guest Scientist and as a Mercator Guest Professor. While in Berlin, she undertook research on pathogenic flagellates, supervised Bachelors, Masters and Ph.D. students, taught classes in parasitology at Humboldt University, and founded a comprehensive program of classes in Scientific Communications for students, scientists and staff at the Leibniz-Institute.
- Dr. Poynton has also taught classes in scientific writing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, and at the University of San Carlos in Cebu City in the Philippines.
Dr. Poynton has received research funding from the National Science Foundation, Food and Drug Administration, National Aquarium in Baltimore, University of Florida, and the German Research Foundation.
Additional achievements
- Dr. Poynton is the coauthor, along with Dr. Chris Gardiner, of the book "An Atlas of Metazoan Parasites in Animal Tissues", which is used as a standard teaching and reference text in veterinary parasitology.
- She has given invited talks at scientific meetings nationally and internationally, and at the German Center for Research and Innovation in New York.
- Dr. Poynton coordinated the production of a poster entitled "Advancing Knowledge for Humankind: Species in Space 1947 - 2007", which commemorated the diversity of animal species which have flown in space. The poster was flown aboard the NASA Space Shuttle, by Dr. Richard Linehan, who had completed some of his veterinary training at Johns Hopkins.
Cairo cochairs
Co-chairing FAO (UN) Regional Workshop on Aquaculture Development for North Africa Region, Cairo, Egypt
FAO (UN) staff and consultants (Dr. Poynton at right), FAO (UN) Regional Office for the Near East
Muscat Group
The pathogenic flagellate Ichthyobodo sp. Infecting the gills of an octopus. Transmission electron micrograph showing extension of the cytostome feeding tube into the host cell.
Selected publications:
- Poynton, S.L., Whitaker, B.R., & Heinrich, A. B. (2001). A novel trypanoplasm-like flagellate Jarrellia atramenti n.g., n.sp. (Kinetoplastida: Bodonidae) and ciliates from the blowhole of a stranded pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps (Physeteridae): morphology, life cycle and potential pathogenicity. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 44, 191 - 201. PMID: 11383567
- Reimschuessel, R., Gieseker, C. M., Driscoll, C., Baya, A., Kane, A.S., Blazer, V. S., Evans, J.J., Kent, M. K., Moran, J.D.W. & Poynton, S. L. (2003). Myxosporean plasmodial infection, associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the year Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) (Clupeidae) in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 53, 143 - 166. PMID: 12650247
- Helke, K.L., & Poynton, S.L. (2005). Myxidium mackiei (Myxosporea) in Indo-Gangetic flap-shelled turtles Lissemys punctata andersonii: parasite-host interaction and ultrastructure. Diseases of Aquatic Animals, 63, 215 – 230. PMID: 15819437
- Gardiner CH, Poynton SL. (2006) An Atlas of Metazoan Parasites in Animal Tissues. American Registry of Pathology, Washington, D.C. 1999.
- Poynton SL. (2006). Regional review on aquaculture development. 2. Near East and North Africa. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1017/2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 2006.
- Gieseker, C.M., Serfling, S.G., Poynton, S.L., & Reimschuessel, R. (2007). Laboratory transmission of the monogenean Acolpenteron ureteroecetes (Dactylogyridae: Dactylogyrinae) infecting the posterior kidneys of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Perciformes: Centrarchidae): time course and pathology. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 19, 141 – 150. PMID: 18201055
- Saghari Fard, M., Jørgensen, A., Sterud, E., Bleiss, W., & Poynton, S.L. (2007). Ultrastructure and molecular diagnosis of Spironucleus salmonis (Diplomonadida) from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Germany. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75, 37- 50. PMID: 17523542
- Saghari Fard, M.R., Weisheit, C., Poynton, S.L. (2007) Intestinal pH profile in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and microhabitat preference of the flagellate Spironucleu salmonis (Diplomonadida). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 76, 241 – 249. PMID: 17803110
- Reimschuessel, R., Gieseker, C., & Poynton, S.L. (2011). In vitro effect of seven antiparasitics on Acolpenteron ureteroecetes (Dactylogyridae) from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Centrarchidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 94, 59 – 72.
- Williams, C. F., Lloyd, D., Poynton, S.L., Jorgensen, A., Millet, C.O.M., & Cable, J. (2011). Spironucleus species: economically important fish pathogens and enigmatic single celled eukaryotes. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development S2:002. Doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.S2-002.
- Poynton, S.L., Dachsel, P., Lehmann, M.J. & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2013) Culture of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa: mortality associated with flagellate infection. Aquaculture, 416-417, 374 – 379.


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Life A Passover Tip
posted by April 2 at 16:01 PMon
From Japan, via Sullivan:
« Today in Line Out | Your Amazing Afternoon Fact »
That is vaguely random japanese audio with star-wars lettering (not japanese writting)
Eli, Thanks for reminding everyone of our sacred Passover holiday this week. Seattle is such an antisemitic town. It saddens my heart. We're so lucky to have The Stranger speaking out for the Jewish community. Shalom.
Anyone on Cap Hill with an open Seder tonight? My plans fell through.
What if I just don't care? It's not that I prefer one weird superstition over another or anything. I don't think yours is any worse or better than any others, just not my bag, baby.
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I tried to search but didn't find any other topics for Line 29. I don't have podpress or any of the other plugins i see mentioned that are causing some problems. Anyone having the same issue?
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§ 20. Social Reforms. The Institution of Slavery.
4. The institution of slavery194194 Comp. vol. i. § 89, and the author's "Hist. of the Apost. Church," § 113. remained throughout the empire, and is recognized in the laws of Justinian as altogether legitimate.195195 Instit. lib. i. tit. 5-8; Digest. l. i. tit. 5 and 6, etc. The Justinian code rests on the broad distinction of the human race into freemen and slaves. It declares, indeed, the natural equality of men, and so far rises above the theory of Aristotle, who regards certain races and classes of men as irrevocably doomed, by their physical and intellectual inferiority, to perpetual servitude; but it destroys the practical value of this concession by insisting as sternly as ever on the inferior legal and social condition of the slave, by degrading his marriage to the disgrace of concubinage, by refusing him all legal remedy in case of adultery, by depriving him of all power over his children, by making him an article of merchandise like irrational beasts of burden, whose transfer from vender to buyer was a legal transaction as valid and frequent as the sale of any other property. The purchase and sale of slaves for from ten to seventy pieces of gold, according to their age, strength, and training, was a daily occurrence.196196 The legal price, which, however, was generally under the market price, was thus established under Justinian (Cod. l. vi. tit. xliii. l. 3): Ten pieces of gold for an ordinary male or female slave under ten years; twenty, for slaves over ten; thirty, for such as understood a trade; fifty, for notaries and scribes; sixty, for physicians, and midwives. Eunuchs ranged to seventy pieces. The number was not limited; many a master owning even two or three thousand slaves.
The barbarian codes do not essentially differ in this respect from the Roman. They, too, recognize slavery as an ordinary condition of mankind and the slave as a marketable commodity. All captives in war became slaves, and thousands of human lives were thus saved from indiscriminate massacre and extermination. The victory of Stilicho over Rhadagaisus threw 200,000 Goths and other Germans into the market, and lowered the price of a slave from twenty-five pieces of gold to one. The capture and sale of men was part of the piratical system along all the shores of Europe. Anglo-Saxons were freely sold in Rome at the time of Gregory the Great. The barbarian codes prohibited as severely as the Justinian code the debasing alliance of the freeman with the slave, but they seem to excel the latter in acknowledging the legality and religious sanctity of marriages between slaves; that of the Lombards on the authority of the Scripture sentence: "Whom God has joined together, let no man put asunder."
The legal wall of partition, which separated the slaves from free citizens and excluded them from the universal rights of man, was indeed undermined, but by no means broken down, by the ancient church, who taught only the moral and religious equality of men. We find slaveholders even among the bishops and the higher clergy of the empire. Slaves belonged to the papal household at Rome, as we learn incidentally from the acts of a Roman synod held in 501 in consequence of the disputed election of Symmachus, where his opponents insisted upon his slaves being called in as witnesses, while his adherents protested against this extraordinary request, since the civil law excluded the slaves from the right of giving testimony before a court of justice.197197 Comp. Hefele: "Conciliengeschichte," ii. p. 620; and Milman: "Latin Christianity," vol. i. p. 419 (Am. ed.), who infers from this fact, "that slaves formed the household of the Pope, and that, by law, they were yet liable to torture. This seems clear from the words of Ennodius." Among the barbarians, likewise, we read of slaveholding churches, and of special provisions to protect their slaves.198198 Comp. Milman, l.c. i. 531. Constantine issued rigid laws against intermarriage with slaves, all the offspring of which must be slaves; and against fugitive slaves (a.d. 319 and 326), who at that time in great multitudes plundered deserted provinces or joined with hostile barbarians against the empire. But on the other hand he facilitated manumission, permitted it even on Sunday, and gave the clergy the right to emancipate their slaves simply by their own word, without the witnesses and ceremonies required in other cases.199199 In two laws of 316 and 321; Corp. Jur. l. i. tit. 13, l. 1 and 2. By Theodosius and Justinian the liberation of slaves was still further encouraged. The latter emperor abolished the penalty of condemnation to servitude, and by giving to freed persons the rank and rights of citizens, he removed the stain which had formerly attached to that class.200200 Cod. Just. vii. 5, 6; Nov. 22, c. 8 (a.d.536), and Nov. 78, praef. 1, 2 (a.d.539). The spirit of his laws favored the gradual abolition of domestic slavery. In the Byzantine empire in general the differences of rank in society were more equalized, though not so much on Christian principle as in the interest of despotic monarchy. Despotism and extreme democracy meet in predilection for universal equality and uniformity. Neither can suffer any overshadowing greatness, save the majesty of the prince or the will of the people. The one system knows none but slaves; the other, none but masters.
Nor was an entire abolition of slavery at that time at all demanded or desired even by the church. As in the previous period, she still thought it sufficient to insist on the kind Christian treatment of slaves, enjoining upon them obedience for the sake of the Lord, comforting them in their low condition with the thought of their higher moral freedom and equality, and by the religious education of the slaves making an inward preparation for the abolition of the institution. All hasty and violent measures met with decided disapproval. The council of Gangra threatens with the ban every one, who under pretext of religion seduces slaves into contempt of their masters; and the council of Chalcedon, in its fourth canon, on pain of excommunication forbids monasteries to harbor slaves without permission of the masters, lest Christianity be guilty of encouraging insubordination. The church fathers, so far as they enter this subject at all, seem to look upon slavery as at once a necessary evil and a divine instrument of discipline; tracing it to the curse on Ham and Canaan.201201 Gen. ix. 25: "Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren." But Christ appeared to remove every curse of sin, and every kind of slavery. The service of God is perfect freedom. It is true, they favor emancipation in individual cases, as an act of Christian love on the part of the master, but not as a right on the part of the slave; and the well-known passage: "If then mayest be made free, use it rather," they understand not as a challenge to slaves to take the first opportunity to gain their freedom, but, on the contrary, as a challenge to remain in their servitude, since they are at all events inwardly free in Christ, and their outward condition is of no account.202202 1 Cor. vii. 21. The Greek fathers supply, with μᾶλλον χρῆσαι, the word δουλείᾳ(Chrysostom: μᾶλλον δούλευε); whereas nearly all modem interpreters (except De Wette, Meyer, Ewald, and Alford) follow Calvin and Grotius in supplying ἐλευθερίᾳ. Chrysostom, however, mentions this construction, and in another place (Serm. iv. in Genes. tom. v. p. 666) seems himself to favor it. The verb use connects itself more naturally with freedom, which is a boon and a blessing, than with bondage, which is a state of privation. Milman, however, goes too far when he asserts (Lat. Christianity, vol. i. 492): "The abrogation of slavery was not contemplated even as a remote possibility. A general enfranchisement seems never to have dawned on the wisest and best of the Christian writers, notwithstanding the greater facility for manumission, and the sanctity, as it were, assigned to the act by Constantine, by placing it under the special superintendence of the clergy." Compare against this statement the views of Chrysostomand Augustine, in the text.
Even St. Chrysostom, though of all the church fathers the nearest to the emancipation theory and the most attentive to the question of slavery in general, does not rise materially above this view.203203 The views of Chrysostomon slavery are presented in his Homilies on Genesis and on the Epistles of Paul, and are collected by Möhler in his beautiful article on the Abolition of Slavery (Vermischte Schriften, ii. p. 89 sqq.). Möhler says that since the times of the apostle Paul no one has done a more valuable service to slaves then St. Chrysostom. But he overrates his merit. According to him mankind were originally created perfectly free and equal, without the addition of a slave. But by the fall man lost the power of self-government, and fell into a threefold bondage: the bondage of woman under man, of slave under master, of subject under ruler. These three relations he considers divine punishments and divine means of discipline. Thus slavery, as a divine arrangement occasioned by the fall, is at once relatively justified and in principle condemned. Now since Christ has delivered us from evil and its consequences, slavery, according to Chrysostom, is in principle abolished in the church, yet only in the sense in which sin and death are abolished. Regenerate Christians are not slaves, but perfectly free men in Christ and brethren among themselves. The exclusive authority of the one and subjection of the other give place to mutual service in love. Consistently carried out, this view leads of course to emancipation. Chrysostom, it is true, does not carry it to that point, but he decidedly condemns all luxurious slaveholding, and thinks one or two servants enough for necessary help, while many patricians had hundreds and thousands. He advises the liberation of superfluous slaves, and the education of all, that in case they should be liberated, they may know how to take care of themselves. He is of opinion that the first Christian community at Jerusalem, in connection with community of goods, emancipated all their slaves;204204 Homil. xi. in Acta Apost. (Opera omn., tom. ix. p. 93): Οὐδὲ γὰρ τότε τοῦτο ἧν, ἀλλ ̓ ἐλευθέρους ἴσως ἐπέτρεπον γίνεσθαι. The monk Nilus, a pupil of Chrysostom, went so far as to declare slaveholding inconsistent with true love to Christ, Ep. lib. i. ep. 142 (quoted by Neander in his chapter on monasticism): Οὐ γὰρ οἷμαι οἰκέτην ἔχειν τὸν φιλόχριστον, εἰδότα τὴν χάριν τὴν πάντας ἐλευθερώσασαν. and thus he gives his hearers a hint to follow that example. But of an appeal to slaves to break their bonds, this father shows of course no trace; he rather, after apostolic precedent, exhorts them to conscientious and cheerful obedience for Christ's sake, as earnestly as he inculcates upon masters humanity and love. The same is true of Ambrose, Augustine, and Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna († 458).
St. Augustine, the noblest representative of the Latin church, in his profound work on the "City of God," excludes slavery from the original idea of man and the final condition of society, and views it as an evil consequent upon sin, yet under divine direction and control. For God, he says, created man reasonable and lord only over the unreasonable, not over man. The burden of servitude was justly laid upon the sinner. Therefore the term servant is not found in the Scriptures till Noah used it as a curse upon his offending son. Thus it was guilt and not nature that deserved that name. The Latin word servus is supposed to be derived from servare [servire rather], or the preservation of the prisoners of war from death, which itself implies the desert of sin. For even in a just war there is sin on one side, and every victory humbles the conquered by divine judgment, either reforming their sins or punishing them. Daniel saw in the sins of the people the real cause of their captivity. Sin, therefore, is the mother of servitude and first cause of man's subjection to man; yet this does not come to pass except by the judgment of God, with whom there is no injustice, and who knows how to adjust the various punishments to the merits of the offenders .... The apostle exhorts the servants to obey their masters and to serve them ex animo, with good will; to the end that, if they cannot be made free from their masters, they may make their servitude a freedom to themselves by serving them not in deceitful fear, but in faithful love, until iniquity be overpassed, and all man's principality and power be annulled, and God be all in all.205205 De Civit. Dei, lib. xix. cap. 15.
As might be expected, after the conversion of the emperors, and of rich and noble families, who owned most slaves, cases of emancipation became more frequent.206206 For earlier cases, at the close of the previous period, see vol. i. § 89, at the end. The biographer of St. Samson Xenodochos, a contemporary of Justinian, says of him: "His troop of slaves he would not keep, still less exercise over his fellow servants a lordly authority; he preferred magnanimously to let them go free, and gave them enough for the necessaries of life."207207 Acta Sanct. Boll. Jun. tom. v. p. 267. According to Palladius, Hist. c. 119, St. Melania had, in concert with her husband Pinius, manumitted as many as eight thousand slaves. Yet it is only the ancient Latin translation that has this almost incredible number. Salvianus, a Gallic presbyter of the fifth century, says that slaves were emancipated daily.208208 Ad Eccles. cath. l. iii. § 7 (Galland. tom. x. p. 71): "In usu quidem quotidiano est, ut servi, etsi non optimae, certe non infirmae servitudinis, Romana a dominis libertate donentur; in qua scilicet et proprietatem peculii capiunt et jus testamentarium consequuntur: ita ut et viventes, cui volunt, res suas tradant, et morientes donatione transcribAnt. Nec solum hoc, sed et illa, quae in servitute positi conquisierant, ex dominorum domo tollere non vetantur." From this passage it appears that many masters, with a view to set their slaves free, allowed them to earn something; which was not allowed by the Roman law. On the other hand, very much was done in the church to prevent the increase of slavery; especially in the way of redeeming prisoners, to which sometimes the gold and silver vessels of churches were applied. But we have no reliable statistics for comparing even approximately the proportion of the slaves to the free population at the close of the sixth century with the proportion in the former period.
We infer then, that the Christianity of the Nicene and post-Nicene age, though naturally conservative and decidedly opposed to social revolution and violent measures of reform, yet in its inmost instincts and ultimate tendencies favored the universal freedom of man, and, by elevating the slave to spiritual equality with the master, and uniformly treating him as capable of the same virtues, blessings, and rewards, has placed the hateful institution of human bondage in the way of gradual amelioration and final extinction. This result, however, was not reached in Europe till many centuries after our period, nor by the influence of the church alone, but with the help of various economical and political causes, the unprofitableness of slavery, especially in more northern latitudes, the new relations introduced by the barbarian conquests, the habits of the Teutonic tribes settled within the Roman empire, the attachment of the rural slave to the soil, and the change of the slave into the serf, who was as immovable as the soil, and thus, in some degree independent on the caprice and despotism of his master.
5. The poor and unfortunate in general, above all the widows and orphans, prisoners and sick, who were so terribly neglected in heathen times, now drew the attention of the imperial legislators. Constantine in 315 prohibited the branding of criminals on the forehead, "that the human countenance," as he said, "formed after the image of heavenly beauty, should not be defaced."209209 Cod. Theod. ix. 40, 1 and 2. He provided against the inhuman maltreatment of prisoners before their trial.210210 C. Theod. ix. tit. 3, de custodia reorum. Comp. later similar laws of the year 409 in l. 7, and of 529 in the Cod. Justin. i. 4, 22. To deprive poor parents of all pretext for selling or exposing their children, he had them furnished with food and clothing, partly at his own expense and partly at that of the state.211211 Comp. the two laws De alimentis quae inopes parentes de publico petere debent, in the Cod. Theod. xi. 27, 1 and 2. He likewise endeavored, particularly by a law of the year 331, to protect the poor against the venality and extortion of judges, advocates, and tax collectors, who drained the people by their exactions.212212 Cod. Theod. I. tit. 7, l. 1: Cessent jam nunc rapaces officialium manus, cessent inquam! nam si moniti non cessaverint, gladiis praecidentur. In the year 334 he ordered that widows, orphans, the sick, and the poor should not be compelled to appear be. fore a tribunal outside their own province. Valentinian, in 365, exempted widows and orphans from the ignoble poll tax.213213 The capitatio plebeja. Cod. Theod. xiii. 10, 1 and 4. Other laws in behalf of widows, Cod. Just. iii. 14; ix. 24. In 364 he intrusted the bishops with the supervision of the poor. Honorius did the same in 409. Justinian, in 529, as we have before remarked, gave the bishops the oversight of the state prisons, which they were to visit on Wednesdays and Fridays, to bring home to the unfortunates the earnestness and comfort of religion. The same emperor issued laws against usury and inhuman severity in creditors, and secured benevolent and religious foundations by strict laws against alienation of their revenues from the original design of the founders. Several emperors and empresses took the church institutions for the poor and sick, for strangers, widows, and orphans, under their special patronage, exempted them from the usual taxes, and enriched or enlarged them from their private funds.214214 Cod. Theod. xi. 16, xiii. 1; Cod. Just. i. 3; Nov. 131. Comp. here in general Chastel: The Charity of the Primitive Churches (transl. by Mathe), pp. 281-293. Yet in those days, as still in ours, the private beneficence of Christian love took the lead, and the state followed at a distance, rather with ratification and patronage than with independent and original activity.215215 Comp. Chastel, l.c., p. 293: "It appears, then, as to charitable institutions, the part of the Christian emperors was much less to found themselves, than to recognize, to regulate, to guarantee, sometimes also to enrich with their private gifts, that which the church had founded. Everywhere the initiative had been taken by religious charity. Public charity only followed in the distance, and when it attempted to go ahead originally and alone, it soon found that it had strayed aside, and was constrained to withdraw."
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Playing music is a lifelong activity and a group of Minnesotans who perform around the state are a testament to that reality.
The Minnesota Over-60 band is made up primarily of members who are 60 and older (men and women) who perform in numerous parades, at county fairs and in a variety of other venues during the summer.
There are openings in every section of the band and a few members younger than 60, so if that is you, and you have an interest, give us a try.
While the group started in Gaylord, Sibley County, back in 1953 as the Sibley County Senior Citizens Hobby Band, the group continued to expand, so six decades later, the group includes people from a wide variety of communities and walks of life who have a mutual interest in music as a hobby. The Minnesota Over-60 band was inducted into the Minnesota Music Hall of Fame in 2003.
Rehearsals will be held May 2, 9, 16 and 30 in the Arlington Community Center. Each rehearsal includes two practices from 10-11:30 a.m. And 1-2:30 p.m.
Performances begin in June and continue into September.
For more information about the Minnesota Over-60 Band call 507-934-6103.
Location, ST | website.com


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Submitted by Ellie
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Clint Guidry:
January 21, 2013 at 2:53 pm
This isn't even in english, how am I supposed to know what the autocorrect error is?
Atli Viðar Hafsteinsson:
January 21, 2013 at 4:25 pm
The grammar of the asker is way funnier than the autocorrect.
William Alexander Carter:
January 21, 2013 at 5:01 pm
numbed....it surprises me how many folks cannot spell basic words...
What the hell is that grammar in the gray? That's no English I have ever seen.
John Harley Vanderwater:
January 23, 2013 at 9:34 pm
It's "chav"... it's the English version of American "street".
Fara Wheld:
January 26, 2013 at 7:52 am
and i happen to hate the way THEY talk as well. It's not English if English-speaking people can NOT understand it. For the life of me I can't make out *anything* they're saying.
Seriously. "Chav" and "American Street" needs to be a part of Google Translate so I can copy and paste a mess of stuff.
BTW -- Jibberish uses ALL English words and I don't understand it either.
Alex Lawrence:
January 22, 2013 at 1:07 pm
I think he was having a laugh.
January 22, 2013 at 4:10 pm
Let me know what part of this is funny. If I knew what mumble-mouth was saying on the left, maybe it would put it all into context. Otherwise, I'm at a loss.. :-/
Daniel Bergdahl:
January 22, 2013 at 4:19 pm
I got cancer from the grey texts... seriously...
Justin Chojnicki:
January 22, 2013 at 4:21 pm
Was the entire conversion autocorrected into an alien language?
Sam Plank:
January 22, 2013 at 5:50 pm
haha crazy jamaicans.
Brooke Brewer:
January 22, 2013 at 6:13 pm
This whole text was a fail!
Amber Rippon:
January 22, 2013 at 6:54 pm
I understand none of this.
Amy Doodle:
January 22, 2013 at 11:18 pm
This can't possibly be from England as previous commenters had suggested. She clearly says she is at the.
Matt Craven:
January 23, 2013 at 11:53 pm
January 26, 2013 at 7:53 am
Matt Craven lol. thank you.
Rezwan Babu:
January 25, 2013 at 6:43 pm
if you have out of the ordinary needs, such as special dental procedures, then you have all the additional reason to take your selection of a dentist seriously.
good blog
dentist
Bridget Stute:
January 28, 2013 at 6:19 am
That's random.
Mohit Nalwaya:
January 29, 2013 at 4:40 am
It's not even chavspeak. It's wannabe chavspeak by someone who thinks it's cool to act illiterate.
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I have downloaded the WAMP Server which includes the APACHE server, PHP, MySQL, PHP admin, then I FTP my wordpress website and put all of the files in the www folder of the WAMP.
Now, I would like to download the complete database from GoDaddy and put it somewhere. However, I am unsure of the procedures of
downloading the database and connecting it to wordpress.
I read that I should use PhpAdmin but I don't have experience with it. Any recommendation.
Any ideas on how to do this?
Thank you.


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- Overview
- Transcript
- View Offline
- Reviewing and customizing the coding toolbar
- Understanding the CSS Styles panel
- Using absolute and relative positioning
- Creating accessible forms
- Building AJAX pages with the Spry framework
- Extending templates
- Working with XML and XSL
- Building dynamic content
- Creating custom behaviors in Dreamweaver
- Running reports
Skill Level Intermediate
So now we need to establish a link between our artist page and our bio page and to do that we are going to go back to our artist page and modify the Bio link. So if you are following along in the exercise files, we want to be on artist page. Now doing this is amazingly simple. So we are going to scroll down and we are going find a link to the Bio page and it's in our little artist detail set down here. So I am going to highlight that and a really easy way to this is just go ahead and click inside the Bio link anywhere and use your Tag Selector to choose the A tag and that works just fine. Our link dialog box right now and I am going to click on my Properties inspector so it sort of comes in over here and our Link dialog box has a really long string in right now because it has some PHP text inside of it.
Well we don't need to modify that we need to get rid of that all together. So instead of using a point default icon or something of that nature. I am going to go over here to the Browse for File icon. So I will click on that and it's asking me OK, well what file should I link to? Well we are going to link it to our bio.php file. So you are just going to browse to that as you would normally. So we are not using data sources like we did in the last exercise when we were browsing to a dynamic image. In this case however, whenever you choose Bio page, when we are working with dynamic pages, you are going to see you got the ability to pass Parameters. So I am going to click on Parameters and a dialog box comes up and it says okay, well, what parameter you want to pass in? Well the parameter value itself can be dynamic but ours is going to be static. We are going to type in artistID and remember ID is capitalized. So you are going make sure that your consistent with your naming conventions and that you really pay attention to how you spell something.
So it's the value that's going to change each time. So rather than typing in something here, remember every time we see this little lightening bolt symbol that is referencing some type of dynamic data. So I am going to click on that and it's going to bring up my recordset and it says Which of these items in the recordset corresponds to what you want the value of artistID to be? And that would be id so I am going to select that and click OK, click OK again. And I will click Choose and as I mentioned before that is amazingly simple.
So I am going to go up to File and I am going to choose Save All. We may need to upload a couple of pages before we can test this because when we created our Bio page we did a live data preview and we didn't test it in a server. So chances are it didn't get uploaded. So I am going to take my artist.php page and I am going to choose Put from my document toolbar. So right here on the document toolbar we have the ability to upload files and it's going to ask me if I want to put Dependant files. I am going to go ahead and click Yes because some things may have changed. And I will go to the Bio page and I am going to choose Put and once again I am going to go ahead and put the Dependant files just in case something has changed that I am not aware of.
Now go back to my artist.php and test that. So I am going to go ahead and preview this in my browser and it's going to ask me if I want to update the copy on the testing server or where we just uploaded it. So I am going to say No and we should see that inner browser there it is. Now this is our artist page, so as I scroll through I can see my various artists and now we will check my Bio link. So notice we are looking at artist.php. Here we will click Dan, we go to the bio.php. It's passing along Dan's artistID and as we scroll down to the page, we can see that Dan's painting is showing up on the page and if I click the artist gallery it goes to Dan's Gallery. Perfect.
So let's try one more just to make sure that everybody is working the way we expect them to. I will scroll down and we will find Williams and we will go to his Bio page. Once again we are still on the bio.php. So we are brought in to the exact same page, just passing a different parameter over, and there is William's painting and once again here is a link to William's Gallery and it's working beautifully. Fantastic.
Okay, well I am going create a Firefox and we are almost finished up, but there is one more thing I want to tackle. If I scroll over to the right hand side of the artist page we have a list of links over here and we had to create all those links by hand and we had to link them by hand, but we have all the information necessary to build this navigation menu in our database. So that's going to be the challenge of our next and final dynamic exercise.
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"Broek op Langendijk" Broek op Langedijk by nighthawk
Broek op Langedijk Travel Guide: 4 reviews and 16 photos
Broek op Langendijk is a lovely little village. When you walk or drive through you may not think too much of it but when you get on a (whisper) boat to explore the village I am sure you will change your mind and get to love it.
Bol is located 10 km north east of Alkmaar, to the east of it is Heerhugowaard.
It is a rural and agrarian area, to the west is a woody area.
Just some miles from it is the North sea coast, with places like the artistic Bergen and the dunes in Schoorl/Groet.
The polder in which Broek is located is called the Geestmerambacht.
Broek is known for its historic culture of agrarian and wet surroundings. On many little islands one found the horticulture of growing cabbages, therefor this area was known as "thousand island empire".
Just a little part of this empire remains in the Oosterdel area.
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From OpenWetWare
m (→Motility Data Collection & Analysis)
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=[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2008/Prototype/Drylab/Modelling_the_Growth_of_B.Subtilis| Modelling the Growth of B.Subtilis]]=
=[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2008/Prototype/Drylab/Modelling_the_Growth_of_B.Subtilis| Modelling the Growth of B.Subtilis]]=
Revision as of 18:37, 3 September 2008
|The Project
|B.subtilis Chassis
|Wet Lab
|Dry Lab
Team Strategy
We have divided the modelling team into 3 sections:
- Modelling Genetic Circuits - Erika
- Collecting Motility Data - Yanis
- Analysis of Motlity Data and Model Fitting - Clinton & Prudence
Modelling the Genetic Circuit
A simple ODE model was assumed in order to model the concentrations of the interacting proteins.
To build the ODE model, each test construct was individually modelled. These test construct models can then be combined and the combined models compared to the experimental results from the wetlab.
Motility Data Collection & Analysis
Using a video microscope, we have captured numerous frames of Bacillus Subtilis swimming. Using a manual tracking plug-in for ImageJ, we intend to acquire as much data as possible on the swimming motility of the cells.
Validating the Tracking Software
For our motility analysis we will be using ImageJ (open source freeware software written by NIH). We have considered a few tracking plugins for ImageJ. The most accurate seems to be SpotTracker written by EPFL ( Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne), though not written specifically for cell tracking. Thus the need for us to validate the software and delimit its range of operability.
Modelling the Growth of B.Subtilis
Modelling the swimming motility
Data Analysis
The following are four tutorials which introduce us to data analysis and modelling. The tutorials are focused on the above approach. MATLAB codes used for data analysis can be found in the final link.
Dry Lab Tutorial 1: Design of a Motility Assay
Dry Lab Tutorial 2: Statistical Data Analysis
Dry Lab Tutorial 3: Testing the Tracking Software
Dry Lab Tutorial 4: Modelling the Growth Curve


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The Master and Margaux: Tasting Great Bordeaux with Paul Pontallier
Wine Director of Château Margaux Opens a Window on the Estate's Great Past and its Ripening Future
BORDEAUX IS CHANGING. A construction boom is sweeping through its ancient byways and tranquil villages, transforming its sober, classical architecture with futuristic, curvaceous lines. If the château you choose to visit doesn't possess an interior-designed reception area or space-age vinification room, there will more than likely be a crane in the parking lot building one. In the 10 years that I have been visiting the region on a professional basis, it has undergone a remarkable overhaul as capital from a vastly expanded international market has flooded in. But one vital element remains largely untouched—the vineyards.
Nowhere is this more evident than at Château Margaux. Alongside the grand neo-classical mansion, workmen are busily creating British architect Norman Foster's vision for the new cellars and winemaking hall. Yet, fanning out northeast from the château itself, its vineyards have barely changed since they were laid out 300 years ago.
The wines they produce are defined by their perfume. Tasted young they smell of dark fruits and violets, but with bottle age of 10 years or more they evolve to encompass notes of cedarwood, vanilla, sometimes mushroom and earth. While texturally they are featherweight, they retain their power, revealing a lingering intensity of flavor. They also come with an eye-watering price tag. The 2000 grand vin may set you back a mere £565 (€680) a bottle, but last year in Dubai a limited edition Balthazar (12-liter bottle) of the 2009 vintage went on sale for £122,380 (€148,000).
Given its relative scarcity—only around 150,000 bottles are produced each year— what makes Château Margaux so important? In a word: influence. The red wines of Bordeaux have inspired winemakers around the world. To understand the heights that a Cabernet Sauvignon-based blend can attain, one must look to Bordeaux's five first growths, and Château Margaux is one of the best.
It is also the first growth I am most familiar with. I have driven up that long, tree-lined drive to the château several times, walked among its vineyards and talked with the owner and winemaker. I have also tasted a good range of its wines, both young (from the barrel) and old, many in the company of its wine director, Paul Pontallier. Most recently, during a visit he made to London, I had an opportunity to taste a number of vintages stretching back to the 1960s. What struck me particularly was the overall improvement in style.
The '66, from a year with an exceptionally hot summer, has become almost ethereal, a lightly textured wine whose bright acidity gives it a natural lift. But it's also very savory with mature aromas of ground coffee, tobacco, cedarwood and graphite.
The '82, a defining vintage in Bordeaux, has a level of ripeness, says Mr. Pontallier, not seen since the early 1960s. It's a powerful wine with a full-bodied, dense feel. The nose is gloriously floral, with rich, sweet red fruit and a slightly earthy character.
The '86 is a wine made in the traditional style, Mr. Pontallier says. I found it still a little tight and dense. It improved in the glass but could do with more bottle age.
Without question, the star of the show was the 2000, an exquisite wine with a charming, complex nose that is heavily floral, underpinned by crushed rock and red fruit. Once sipped, it is very smooth, with hardly any bitter flavors at all.
Four very different wines, but with an over-arching "house style". So where does that come from? Is it the grape varieties? (A typical blend is 80% Cabernet Sauvignon and 10% Merlot, with the rest being made up of Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc.) Is it the barrels for ageing, or the style of winemaking? All three of these, partly. But for Mr. Pontallier what matters most is terroir, the gifts of geography: well-drained gravelly soils, which often favour exceptional wines; the Gironde estuary nearby, keeping temperatures moderate, with less chance of frost or heat-spikes; an Atlantic climate overall, with warm summers and mild winters.
For those who would like to taste the outcome of this perfect combination of conditions—but whose wallets don't stretch to £500 a bottle—now there is good news. Because of its costliness, the grand vin is no longer seen on many wine lists, so the château has introduced a third wine, Margaux du Château Margaux, tailored specifically for restaurants. With a modest £30 price tag, it puts the product of a great château within reach of the majority of wine drinkers.
The Château Through History
Early Years
Known as the "La Mothe de Margaux" (the Margaux mound), the vineyards weren't properly organized until the arrival of the Lestonnac family in the 16th century. They converted much of the land from cereal farming to vineyards.
17th and 18th Centuries
By the end of the 17th century, vineyards at Château Margaux had been successfully cultivated by the Lestonnac, Pontac and the d'Aulèdes families. Of the estate's 265 hectares, roughly a third was under vine, and its reputation had already crossed the Atlantic: Thomas Jefferson bought some of its wine in 1784.
The château was confiscated by the state after its owner, Elie du Barry, was guillotined in the Reign of Terror. The last descendant of the Lestonnac family, Laure de Fumel, managed to buy it back but it proved too much for her and in 1802 she sold it to Bertrand Douat, Marquis de la Colonilla, a Basque who built the house we know today, and the cellars and cooperage.
Architect Louis Combes completed the neo-Palladian mansion—and created one of the most famous images in Bordeaux.
Château Margaux was officially designated a "Premier Grand Cru Classé", or first growth, in the new classification drawn up by the brokers of Bordeaux, to highlight the region's best wines at the Paris Exposition.
After two world wars, depression and the threat of vine disease such as powdery mildew, the château was sold to the Ginestet family, who had had a controlling shareholding since the 1920s. The father-and-son team set about reorganizing the vineyards and building a separate trading business. Eventually the recessions of the early 1970s prompted them to sell up.
A disastrous harvest led to the decision to make no Château Margaux.
1977 – The Mentzelopoulos Era
Greek-born entrepreneur André Mentzelopoulos, acquired the property from the Ginestets and set about overhauling the vineyards and the cellars.
Aged just 27, Corinne Mentzelopoulos was placed in charge of the château after the sudden death of her father, André. She hired a young and relatively unknown viticulturalist named Paul Pontallier, who had studied at the University of Montpellier.
A Balthazar (12-liter bottle) of this vintage, one of only six made, currently claims the record as the world's most expensive bottle of red wine.
One of the most difficult growing seasons on record is likely to see a huge reduction in quantities as meticulous selection in the vineyard was required to weed out poor grapes.
Write to Will Lyons at email@example.com


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CARTEK has been manufacturing electronic equipment for the motorsport industry since 2002.
Our first innovation was the development of a fully electronic battery master switch for use in race
and rally cars.This product, the Solid State Battery Isolator, is still our most famous product and
recognised as the best motorsport battery disconnect system on the market today by offering
exceptional reliability, safety, performance and lightweight.
CARTEK is now a recognised brand and major supplier of specialised equipment with a constantly
expanding product range. Our products are used in every level of motorsport from amateur club racers to international GT and Global Rallycross with some parts being standard equipment on race cars and mandatory fitment in some race series.
We are also proud suppliers to companies such as:
Porsche, AMG Mercedes, Ford, Kamaz, V8 supercars (Australia), Mini Challenge (UK)


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"We had a wonderful evening at this hotel which include a fabulous meal. The breakfast in the morning was so relaxing with such good service..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, CA
48 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This hotel had an old feel in the bar area. The food was excellent and breakfast was incredible. I would really rate this hotel highly. The staff were most helpful too."
A Traveller, May 2016, AU
- Talbot Hotel Conference and Leisure CentreNo Guest Reviews yet
20 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels within 10 miles of Ferrycarrig
57 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Fantastic hotel and hosts. Very comfortable rooms with good bathroom. Breakfast was superb, ingredients sourced from their own farm and local producers - cooked very well too! Highly recommend."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, GB
17 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Beautiful surroundings, beautiful room. Combination of history and modernity."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Best hotels in Ferrycarrig
If you are looking for Ferrycarrig hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Ferrycarrig by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Ferrycarrig are:
- Ferrycarrig Hotel
- Wilton Castle
- Ballinkeele House
- Killiane Castle Country House & Farm
- Whitford House Hotel
The location of your Ferrycarrig hotel is important. If you are traveling to Ferrycarrig, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Ferrycarrig. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Ferrycarrig for as low as $93 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 188 reviews in Ferrycarrig. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


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Antrim Plunges After Abandoning North Sea Well: Calgary Mover
Antrim Energy Inc., which explores for oil and natural gas in the North Sea and Argentina, plunged after abandoning a North Sea exploration well.
The shares fell 22 percent to $1.07 at the close in Toronto, the biggest decline since Aug. 11, 2006.
Antrim will abandon its East Fyne well in the North Sea after determining that the thickness of the oil-bearing sand was "at the lower end" of its estimates, the Calgary-based company said in a statement today.
Antrim has operations in the U.K.'s North Sea, Argentina and Tanzania. The company has about 320 million barrels of proved and probable reserves, according to its website.
Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal. LEARN MORE


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Alice B. Byars
Published: Wednesday, January 1, 2003 at 3:15 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, January 1, 2003 at 12:00 a.m.
Alice Bagwell Byars, 91, of 204 Sunnyview Circle died Jan. 30, 2003, at Mary Black Memorial Hospital.
She was the widow of Mervin Odell Byars and the daughter of the late Jim and Arrie Cannon Bagwell.
She was a member of St. Mark's United Methodist Church, but attended First Baptist Church of Spartanburg. She retired From Drayton Mills as a spooler.
Survivors include one daughter, Faye Byars of the home; and one sister, Rhoda Slater of Columbia.
The family will receive friends from 7 to 9 tonight at Bobo-Petty Funeral Chapel.
Funeral services will be held at 3:30 p.m. Sunday at First Baptist Church of Spartanburg in the Davis Memorial Chapel, conducted by the Revs. Bill Adams and Sal Barone. Burial will be in Greenlawn Memorial Gardens.
The body will be placed in the church at 2:30 p.m.
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I'm looking for a Windows server for my startup search application, and need some advice. The application downloads a few megabytes worth of text from a remote server and processes it (regular expressions, full text searches, etc) for each search - including download time, each call takes from 10-20 seconds on my two-year old AMD dual core machine.
I really have no idea what sort of power this thing will need once it starts getting heavy traffic, but I have limited startup cash so I need to get as much bang for my buck as I can - and spend under $85 a month to start if possible.
What is the best processor I can get in a budget server? Some of the plans I'm looking at run on Pentium 4s, but I've been warned against them. Do you know any server providers who have good plans I could look into, and does anyone out there with experience in this have any other gems of wisdom that could save me a few headaches down the road?
Thanks in advance!


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I have deployed Ceph with Juju. I am trying to ssh in with the following command:
sam@maas01:~$ sudo juju ssh ceph/0
Permission denied (publickey,password).
error: exit status 255
I have my public key in /home/sam/.ssh/. I had also tried to explicitly specify the key's path in enviornments.yaml file which didn't help. And as I had seen in many posts not to add ssh keys in MAAS web panel, I haven't added they key there. Any help?