text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 28, 1989
|Filing date
|Jan 30, 1987
|Priority date
|Jan 30, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Warren P. Williamson, Donald W. Schoendorfer
|Original Assignee
|Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (69), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is generally directed to blood extraction and processing apparatus and method--and to the interaction between a blood donor and a blood extraction machine. It is particularly directed to apparatus and method for selectively facilitating sustained venous blood flow to a blood extraction needle located in the vein of a human upper limb during blood extraction processes.
For many purposes, blood is often extracted from a human patient via a venous phlebotomy needle located near a mid-portion of a human upper limb. The purpose for such blood extraction may be to collect some predetermined quantity of blood or it may involve more elaborate blood processing steps (e.g., plasmapheresis, plateletpheresis, etc.) before the processed blood (or some component thereof) may even be returned to the patient's body via the same needle (or possibly through another needle situated elsewhere in the patient's body).
In any event, it is typically desirable to maximize the rate at which blood is extracted from the patient consistent with patient comfort and a particular patient's physiology. Maximizing the blood extraction rate not only minimizes required patient hook-up time, it also increases the number of patients which can be handled by a given physical system within a given time and thus enhances the economics of the system's operation.
A conventional blood pressure cuff is typically inflated to about 40 mmHg during blood extraction procedures. This conventional blood pressure cuff is located on the limb above the extraction point. It is inflated to a pressure above the expected venous pressure (e.g., 0-10 mmHg) so as to occlude venous blood return flows (thereby pooling venous blood in the lower limb veins) without occluding the relatively
higher arterial blood flow pressures (e.g., 60-120 mmHg).
It has long been known that such blood extraction rates can be increased if the patient periodically squeezes his/her hand into a tight fist configuration. Presumably, this is because the associated muscles and tendons in the lower part of the limb are thus caused to exert pressure against the veins in the lower limb and to physically express blood contained in those veins upwardly in the general direction of the blood extraction needle. Then, when the fist is relaxed, additional arterial blood is permitted to flow more freely into the lower portion of the limb to again accumulate a supply within the veins in readiness for the next fist squeezing/blood expression cycle.
Some examples of possibly relevant prior art approaches to blood flow assistance are set forth in:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,592,183--Watkins et al (1971)
U.S. Pat. No. 3,699,960--Freedman (1972)
U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,114--Schoendorfer et al (1984)
U.S. Pat. No. 4,479,494--McEwen (1984)
U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,893--Bilstad et al. (1985)
Watkins et al uses inflatable flow assist devices inserted in the aorta and synchronously pulsed with the patient's pulse to assist blood flow through the heart. Freedman describes a dialysis system which simultaneously extracts and returns blood to two patients using pumps to assist blood flows--but with no apparent attempt to otherwise stimulate blood flows. Schoendorfer et al is perhaps the most pertinent because the blood extraction pump is powered by fist exercise of a flexible pressure bulb--which therefore necessarily also facilitates blood flow within the limb if the patient properly operates the pump. McEwen et al uses automated inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet for restricting blood flow in a limb during surgical procedures. Bilstad et al automatically inflates the usual blood pressure cuff during each blood draw cycle and deflates it during each blood return cycle of a cyclic blood processing system.
A series of sequentially activated inflatable bladders have also been used to externally stimulate venous blood flows in the limbs of patients having poor circulation. Some such prior approaches may be described in publications (identity presently unknown) of the late 1970's.
As will be seen, none of these prior art approaches provides selective automated tactile stimulus or tactile pumping action to the limb so as to facilitate proper blood flow in the limb during blood extraction processes.
In many typical prior art arrangements, the patient may be given a flexible hand grip member of some sort and then signalled (either audibly or visually or both) in an attempt to stimulate the patient to engage in periodic fist squeezing exercises. For example, plasmapheresis and/or plateletpheresis apparatus marketed in the past by HemaScience Laboratories Inc. includes a controlled light indicator intended to provide a visual indication of blood flow and, accordingly, inherently also providing a visual stimulus to the patient when to begin fist squeezing exercises so as to improve an inadequate flow indication.
Unfortunately, many patients fail to consistently follow such audio-visual stimulus signals--sometimes to the extent that occlusions in blood flow occur setting off alarms and requiring the assistance of monitoring technicians before the blood extraction process can be continued. Typically, some patients become confused by visual stimuli (especially when there are an array of visible lights within view) and by audible stimuli (especially when there are many machines in a common environment, some of which may be simultaneously "beeping"). Furthermore, to help pass time, many donors wear head-phones and/or watch television programs, sleep, or the like thus making it difficult to simultaneously concentrate on the superimposed audio/visual stimuli associated with the blood processing system.
To further confuse matters, some sophisticated blood processing systems require an initializing phase during which the patient must not flex muscles in the limb from which blood extraction is to occur. For example, during this initialization period, the blood processing system may be programmed to take various flow/rate/pressure data unique to that patient's physiology so as to construct an optimal flow control algorithm for later use during the actual blood extraction cycle. If the data collected during this initializing procedure does not truly represent steady state conditions with the limb muscles at rest, then a considerably less than optimum control algorithm may be employed during the blood extraction cycle. On the other hand, some other types of existing blood processing systems require the donor to begin pumping the fist immediately upon inflation of the conventional blood pressure cuff located at the upper portion of the donor's limb. Accordingly, if a donor has accumulated experience on this type of system, it is understandably confusing when he/she is then hooked up to a system of another type and requested not to being exercising the fist until a subsequent visual or audio signal is perceived (by which time the donor may be absorbed in a radio or television program, tape recorded audio entertainment, etc.).
We have now discovered a novel blood extraction assist apparatus and method which utilizes a limb stimulator adapted for active engagement with a lower portion of the limb from which blood is being extracted. The stimulator may be designed in one or more different manners so as (a) to merely provide a more positive tactile stimulus for the donor to begin exercising his/her fists or (b) to provide a positive externally applied pumping action of its own. In any event, the stimulator is adapted to physically engage a lower portion of the limb and to facilitate sustained venous blood flow upwardly therein to the blood extraction needle when activated.
In the most simple embodiment, the stimulator may include an inflatable squeeze bulb engaged with the donor's hand so as to provide a significant squeeze resistance thereagainst when inflated. In this embodiment, the bulb remains in a deflated flaccid state (wherein it provides essentially zero squeeze resistance) at any time when fist exercises are not desirable (e.g., during preliminary data taking procedures). However, when the active blood extraction cycle begins, the squeeze bulb is inflated so as to provide tactile stimulus to the donor indicating that it is now time to perform fist exercises. It also directly provides a flexible substance against which the fist conveniently may be flexed or squeezed. If desired, the internal pressure of the squeeze bulb can be pulsed (e.g., perhaps, if desired, in approximate synchronism with the donor's detected pulse or a subharmonic thereof) so as to encourage a "lazy" donor to squeeze faster.
In the exemplary embodiment, only a few changes are required to an existing computer controlled blood processing apparatus to implement the tactile feedback squeeze bulb embodiment. For example, if the blood processing apparatus is already controlled by a microprocessor, suitable changes to the program of that processor may permit it to control an air valve connected to an existing air compressor (e.g., already present and used to inflate a conventional blood pressure cuff located at the upper part of a limb) through which the inflatable squeeze bulb is either pumped up or deflated (e.g., by controlling a three-way valve to exhaust the squeeze bulb to atmospheric pressure or to the compressor input) under microprocessor control so as to give the donor instant feedback when fist squeezing operations are to be conducted.
The squeeze bulb may be connected to the computer controlled three-way valve and pressurized air source with a rubber hose similar to that used for attaching the traditional blood pressure cuff. The squeeze bulb remains very limp when deflated (e.g., when exhausted). However, when the blood collection cycle begins, the pressurized air source is permitted to pump up the squeeze bulb (e.g., via the computer controlled three-way valve) and then hold this pressure by shutting such valve (it may also be caused to pulse so as to encourage a lazy donor to squeeze faster if desired).
Throughout the blood collection process, the donor is expected to continue periodically squeezing the inflated squeeze bulb. Then, when the blood collection process has been completed, the squeeze bulb is deflated under computer control (e.g., by moving the three-way valve so as to exhaust the squeeze bulb to atmospheric pressure or to the compressor input). In this manner, the squeeze-bulb is selectively activated so as to provide positive tactile feedback leaving the donor free to talk or to listen or watch other audio or visual stimuli while still insuring that the donor is positively signalled in an unmistakable way when fist exercises are desired.
While the controllably inflated squeeze bulb provides tactile stimulus and thus improves communication with the donor, it is still possible for unmotivated donors including those who may fall asleep) or confused donors (e.g., those who intuitively feel that they should begin flexing their muscles as soon as they feel the blood pressure cuff inflate) to react improperly.
Accordingly, in yet another embodiment of this invention (which may be used simultaneously with the squeeze bulb or separately), the limb stimulator in engagement with the lower portion of the limb actively and directly exerts external compression (e.g., of the donor's hand and/or part of his lower arm) in a periodic timing sequence (e.g., if desired, in synchronization with the natural pulsatile blood movements of the limb or a submultiple thereof) so as to itself actively express venous blood upwardly through the limb to the needle. This second more active embodiment also may be controlled by the existing microprocessor of existing blood processing apparatus if a program of that processor is suitably changed to control periodic activation of the circulatory assist cuff. This second embodiment thus attempts to avoid virtually all problems of interfacing the donor with a blood extracting machine and any possible confusion of the donor with respect to audio/visual/tactile stimuli. It also tends to optimize blood extraction procedures with a non-motivated donor since the donor needs do nothing except remain connected to the system.
These as well as other advantages and objectives of this invention will be more completely appreciated and understood by carefully reading the following detailed description of presently preferred exemplary embodiments of this invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram illustrating both the squeeze bulb embodiment and the exercise cuff embodiment of this invention in the context of a single integrated system (each embodiment can, of course, be employed singly if desired);
FIG. 2 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating suitable modifications which may be made in the program of the microprocessor control of FIG. 1 so as to implement this invention;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of the circulatory assist cuff embodiment of this invention employed with a non-motivated or sleeping patient;
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the circulatory assist cuff utilizing a pressurized rigid container sealingly engaged about the donor's hand for applying external pumping pressure thereto;
FIGS. 5, 5a and 5b illustrate yet another alternative embodiment of the circulatory assist cuff utilizing a series of sequentially inflated cuffs; and
FIG. 6 illustrates one possible activation sequence for the series of cuffs A-E shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 1 schematically depicts a typical blood processing system modified in accordance with this invention. Blood processing apparatus 10 (e.g, plasmapheresis, plateletpheresis, etc.) is typically under control of microprocessor 12. Blood to be processed is extracted through a phlebotomy needle 14 and associated tubing 16. An air compressor 18 or other source of pressurized gas supplies a pressurized air conduit 20 which, via computer controlled valve 22 may be utilized for pumping up a conventional blood pressure cuff 24 located on the upper arm or limb of the donor 26. The pressure of cuff 24 is typically monitored by pressure transducer P3 (via conduit 28) and a computer controlled dump valve 30 may be provided for controllably exhausting conduit 20 to atmospheric pressure (or to the air compressor input in association with valve 104a slaved to operation of valve 104) via exhaust port 32. In at least some such blood processing systems, the microprocessor control 12 also selectively activates a light blood flow indicator 34 which, inherently, also provides a visual signal when the donor 26 is supposed to perform fist squeezing exercises so as to improve dangerously low blood flow indications. The donor's actual pulse rate can be monitored through periodic pressure changes in cuff 24 as measured by P3. Alternatively, a conventional pulse sensor 36 may be attached to some portion of the donor's body 26 so as to provide microprocessor control 12 with pulsatile information synchronized to the donor's blood flows.
Just described portions 10-36 of the blood processing system in FIG. 1 are typically already present in some existing automated plasmapheresis systems. For example, in one plasmapheresis system marketed in the past by HemaScience Laboratories Inc., microprocessor control 12 automatically inflates the blood pressure cuff 24 during both an initial data monitoring phase and a subsequent main blood extraction phase. During the data monitoring phase, venous blood pressure is monitored through the phlebotomy needle with the pressure cuff 24 inflated to about 40 mmHg. An intake pump of the blood processing apparatus 10 is commanded to pump approximately 50 ml per minute blood flow while another venous blood pressure reading is recorded. The controller 12 then constructs a control curve describing the unique inferred relationship between blood flow and blood pressure for that particular donor. This "customizing" of the blood extraction algorithm is designed to minimize trauma to the donor's vein while yet extracting blood at a maximum possible rate (up to a desired upper limit of about 100 ml per minute as described in commonly assigned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 626,034 filed 22 Nov. 1985). During the time that both these pressure readings are taken during the initial data gathering phase, it is very important that the donor not flex his fist or hand or move the hand because such pressure readings provide accurate useable data only if they represent steady state resting conditions and are not influenced by transients related to muscle motions, etc.
Unfortunately, this process is often confusing to the donor because when cuff 24 is felt to inflate, there may be an intuitive cue for the donor to start pumping his/her fist (especially if he/she has experienced other blood processing systems which sometimes require a donor to begin pumping the fist as soon as blood pressure cuff 24 inflates). Light indicators 34 (and/or similarly controlled audio transducers) may be utilized to visually (or audibly) cue the donor as to the proper time for fist squeezing exercises; however, such visual (or audio) stimuli often fail to produce the desired result for reasons already mentioned.
A considerably improved and more positive tactile feedback to the donor 26 is achieved by adding an inflatable/deflatable squeeze bulb 100 shaped and sized so as to engage a human hand and to be squeezed thereby when inflated. Squeeze bulb 100 conveniently may be pressurized by simply tapping into the existing pressurized air conduit 20 via additional conduit 102, three-way valve 104 and conduit 106 as shown in FIG. 1 The three-way valve 104 is controlled by microprocessor 12 (see one exemplary control program shown in FIG. 2) so as to either connect the squeeze bulb 100 with an exhaust port 108 (to atmospheric pressure thus leaving squeeze bulb 100 totally deflated and with essentially zero squeeze resistance) or inflated via pressurized air from conduit 102. Alternatively valve 104 may actively exhaust bulb 100 by connection to the intake side of compressor 18 with a slaved valve 104a thereby accelerating the exhaust of all air from inside bulb 100. Once inflated, the three-way valve 104 may be further controlled so as to trap a quantity of air inflating squeeze bulb 100 thus providing significant squeeze resistance against which the donor may exert force and thus perform the necessary fist squeezing exercises while simultaneously delivering an unmistakable tactile stimulus to the donor to do so. The control circuit 12 may also be adapted to cause repeated and periodic tactile stimulus/inflation cycles of the squeeze bulb 100 (e.g., if desired, perhaps in synchronization with the donor's own pulsatile blood movement or a submultiple thereof as sensed by sensor 36 or cuff 24/plasma transducer P3) so as to encourage a "lazy" donor to squeeze faster or at the correct times.
Alternatively, or in addition, an active inflatable circulatory assist cuff 200 may be placed around the donor's wrist at the beginning of the whole procedure. Circulatory assist cuff 200 may also be connected to the existing pressurized air conduit 20 via additional tubing 202, three-way valve 204 and tubing 206. Three-way valve 204 also may be controlled by microprocessor 12. However, it now must be pulsed (e.g., in synchronism with the detector donor blood movement within the limb 26) during the blood extraction phase of the process. During the initial data gathering phase, valve 204 is controlled so as to exhaust the circulatory assist cuff 200 to atmospheric pressure via exhaust port 208. However, during the actual blood collection cycle, valve 204 is controlled so as to alternately pressurize the circulatory assist cuff 200 (e.g., to approximately 0-60 mm of mercury) followed by depressurization.
Although not necessarily, the frequency of such periodic pressure variations in the circulatory assist cuff 200 may be is controlled to correspond to the detected pulse rate of the donor or a submultiple thereof. Each time the circulatory assist cuff 200 is pressurized, venous blood is expressed (via external pressure applied to the lower portion of the limb 26) from the donor's hand area up to the forearm into the area where phlebotomy needle 14 is located in a vein. Each time circulatory assist cuff 200 is depressurized so as to deflate, it permits the hand and forearm area to refill with arterial blood in readiness for the next inflation cycle. And, as will be appreciated by those in the art, the traditional blood pressure cuff 24 should (as is conventionally done) be maintained in a pressurized state (e.g., at appoximately 40 mmHg) throughout the blood collection cycle.
The exact configuration of the limb stimulator which interfaces with the donor's hand or arm may take many forms. For example, it may take the form of a torus which wraps around the donor's palm in the back of his hand. It might also take the form of a cuff similar to the traditional blood pressure cuff 24 sized so as to be conveniently wrappable around the donor's forearm.
As depicted in FIG. 3, the circulatory assist cuff 200 directly compresses the donor's hand and/or part of the donor's arm at the right timing sequence so as to directly express blood upwardly within the limb towards the phlebotomy needle 14. Thus, possible confusion stemming from visual/audio/tactile stimuli is substantially avoided so that even a totally non-motivated or sleeping donor (as depicted in FIG. 3) may now be engaged in successful blood extraction procedures.
In an alternate embodiment shown at FIG. 4, the circulatory assist cuff 200 takes the form of a rigid container 200A into which the donor's hand (and perhaps a further portion of the lower limb) is sealingly inserted at 300. The pressure inside the rigid chamber 200A is then modulated at an amplitude and rate via valve 204 from the compressed air supply 18 so as to simulate conditions achieved when the donor actually flexes his fist and thus by this means apply external pumping pressures to the lower part of the limb.
Three-way valves 104 (and valve 104a, if employed) and 204 may be of conventional design as may the interconnecting tubing. Suitable output interfaces with microprocessor 12 for controlling the valves may also be of conventional design. Only relatively minor changes need be made in existing program control of the microprocessor 12 and one exemplary embodiment of such changes is depicted in the simplified flowchart of FIG. 2.
Entry at step 400 may be made once each few milliseconds where the control steps of FIG. 2 are implemented via a timed interrupt of microprocessor 12.
It will be understood that conventional controls may be used to control flow indicator 34, blood pressure cuff 24, etc. FIG. 2 is only meant to illustrate additional steps which may be added to a suitable timed interrupt software/firmware implemented routine.
A test is made at 402 to see if a blood extraction cycle is presently occurring. If not, valves 104, 104a and 204 may be reset at 404 to insure that they are deflated before a conventional return to the main control program is taken at 406.
However, if a blood extraction cycle is occurring, then control passes to 408 where a test is made (e.g., of preset switches, ROM contents, etc) to see if squeeze bulb 100 only is to be employed. If so, then another test is made at 410 to see if pulsed control of
bulb 100 is to be effected. If not, valves 104, 104a are controlled at 414 to insure inflation and a return at 406 is then effected. However, if pulsed bulb operation is to be effected then tests are made of suitable timing registers at 412 and/or 416 to effect properly pulsed inflation (at block 414) or deflation (at block 418) of bulb 100 before a return at 406 is taken.
If control passes to test 420 and simultaneous use of bulb 100 and circulatory assist cuff 200 is desired, then a flag is set at 430 before control is passed to further timing register tests 422 and 426 for proper pulsed timing of inflation (424) and deflation (428) of cuff 200. A test of the flag at 432 passes control back to block 410 if the bulb 100 is also to be utilized. Otherwise, control is passed back to the main program at 406.
As will be understood, suitable timing registers may also be updated upon each entry to (or return from) the subroutine of FIG. 2 so as to permit proper decisions to be made at test points 412, 416, 422 and 426.
FIGS. 5, 5a and 5b illustrate another embodiment of the circulatory assist cuff 200. Here a series of generally parallel chambers A, B, C, D, E are provided along limb 26. These chambers are sequentially activated (as depicted in the timing diagram of FIG. 6) via an array of valves 204A-204E (powered by compressor 18--and if, desired, exhausted via the compressor input) communicating with respective chambers A-E via lumen 206A-206E of the inflation/deflation tubing 206.
If desired, valves 204A-204E may be sequentially activated by expansion of the timed interrupt routine of FIG. 2 as should now be apparent to those in the art. Alternatively, a special purpose sequential or perastaltic pulse control circuit 600 may be used to sequentially inflate/deflate chambers A-E (as depicted in FIG. 6) upon receiving a trigger input signal from microprocessor 12 (e.g., as a result of a timing register test as at 422 of the FIG. 2 interrupt routine).
Pulsed control of the three-way valve 204 (and 104, 104a if desired) may be achieved in many conventional ways. For example, if pulsed operation is desired in synchronism with the donor's own pulsatile blood movements, then inputs from the pulse sensor 36 (or as conventionally sensed via cuff 24 and pressure transducer P3) may be used to control the timing registers tested at 412, 416, 422 and 426 and/or the entry to the time interrupt routine of FIG. 2. Alternatively, special purpose hard-wired and/or software controlled apparatus may be employed so as to accept pulsatile input signals (e.g., from pulse sensor 36 or from a suitable oscillator) and to provide appropriately synchronized pulsatile control inputs to the valves 204 and 104 when such pulsatile control circuits are activated via control lines output from the microprocessor 12 as a result of programmed control steps.
While only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations and modifications may be made in such embodiments while yet retaining many of the novel features of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 12, 1861
|Improvement in mowing-machines
|May 27, 1969
|Jul 13, 1971
|Watkins David H
|Heart assist method and apparatus
|Jan 4, 1971
|Oct 24, 1972
|Frank B Freedman
|Parabiotic dialysis apparatus
|Jul 12, 1972
|May 21, 1974
|Shill K
|Blood pump
|Mar 16, 1973
|Jul 23, 1974
|Clinical Technology Inc
|Pressure garment
|Feb 15, 1973
|Apr 22, 1975
|Hemodyne Inc
|Cardiac assist apparatus
|Dec 6, 1973
|Jul 1, 1975
|Harry F Everett
|Apparatus for augmenting venous blood flow
|Jan 28, 1976
|Jan 18, 1977
|Fischer Boguslav
|Low pressure hyperbaric chamber
|May 24, 1976
|Jan 3, 1978
|Hans Tillander
|Blood emptying device
|Oct 6, 1976
|May 2, 1978
|Haemonetics Corporation
|Plasmapheresis apparatus
|Sep 23, 1977
|Mar 4, 1980
|Hemotherapy Inc.
|Method and apparatus for continuous plasmaphersis
|May 23, 1977
|Jun 3, 1980
|Doll Research, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for developing and measuring pulsed blood flow
|Oct 12, 1979
|Mar 30, 1982
|Lemelson Jerome H
|May 29, 1980
|Sep 21, 1982
|Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs
|Method and apparatus for on-line filtration removal of macromolecules from a physiological fluid
|Apr 23, 1981
|Jan 10, 1984
|Haemonetics Corporation
|Blood donation unit
|Jan 5, 1982
|Oct 30, 1984
|Western Clinical Engineering Ltd.
|Adaptive pneumatic tourniquet
|May 26, 1983
|Feb 12, 1985
|Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
|Pressure cuff draw mode enhancement system and method for a single needle blood fractionation system
|Apr 15, 1983
|Oct 22, 1985
|Aspen Laboratories, Inc.
|Automatic tourniquet
|Jul 9, 1984
|Mar 10, 1987
|Rhone-Poulenc S.A.
|Process/apparatus for the withdrawal/return of body fluids
|Oct 25, 1984
|May 26, 1987
|Richard Romanowski
|Pressure cuff
|Jan 15, 1985
|Jun 9, 1987
|Richards Medical Company
|Automatic tourniquet
|Feb 21, 1986
|Dec 29, 1987
|Kuraray Co., Ltd.
|Method for easily drawing blood from arm or leg
|Jacobson et al, "Medicine and Clinical Engineering", p. 568.
|Jacobson et al, Medicine and Clinical Engineering , p. 568.
|Kantrowitz, "Introduction of Left Ventricular Assistance", vol. XXXIII, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 1987, pp. 39-48.
|Kantrowitz, Introduction of Left Ventricular Assistance , vol. XXXIII, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 1987, pp. 39 48.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 1990
|Oct 19, 1993
|Ivra Systems, Inc.
|Tourniquet apparatus for intravenous regional anesthesia
|Sep 28, 1993
|Aug 8, 1995
|Abatis Medical Technologies, Ltd.
|Tourniquet apparatus for applying minimum effective pressure
|Jun 13, 1994
|Oct 17, 1995
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Circulation enhancing apparatus
|Aug 26, 1994
|Sep 17, 1996
|Mcewen; James A.
|Physiologic tourniquet for intravenous regional anesthesia
|Jun 7, 1995
|Dec 17, 1996
|Mcewen; James A.
|Tourniquet cuff apparatus
|Aug 26, 1994
|Mar 4, 1997
|Mcewen; James A.
|Physiologic tourniquet
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 17, 1997
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for deriving recommended storage parameters for collected blood components
|Jun 7, 1995
|Oct 14, 1997
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods which monitor citrate return to the donor
|Jun 7, 1995
|Oct 28, 1997
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for predicting blood processing parameters
|Sep 24, 1996
|Nov 25, 1997
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for on line collection of cellular blood components that assure donor comfort
|Apr 24, 1995
|Jan 27, 1998
|Englewood Research Associates
|Self-inflating venous boot
|Jun 7, 1995
|Mar 24, 1998
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods using apparent hematocrit as a process control parameter
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 2, 1998
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and method for estimating platelet counts using a spleen mobilization function
|Aug 9, 1995
|Jun 9, 1998
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems for separating high hematocrit red blood cell concentrations
|Feb 26, 1997
|Nov 10, 1998
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood collection systems and methods which derive instantaneous blood component yield information during blood processing
|Aug 25, 1995
|Jan 5, 1999
|Mcewen; James A.
|Physiologic tourniquet for intravenous regional anesthesia
|Feb 7, 1997
|May 11, 1999
|Althin Medical, Inc.
|Medical treatment device with a user interface adapted for home or limited care environments
|Dec 19, 1996
|Jun 15, 1999
|Mcewen; James A.
|Time-limited physiologic tourniquet
|Aug 25, 1995
|Aug 3, 1999
|Mcewen; James A.
|Physiologic tourniquet with safety circuit
|Nov 21, 1997
|Dec 28, 1999
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for on line collection of cellular blood components that assure donor comfort
|Jul 17, 1998
|Feb 22, 2000
|Haemonetics Corporation
|Active donor hand gripper for use in a blood collection apparatus
|Oct 30, 1997
|May 9, 2000
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods using apparent hematocrit as a process control parameter
|May 5, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for separating high hematocrit red blood cell concentrations
|Jul 24, 1996
|Mar 6, 2001
|Yehuda Zicherman
|Vibrator appliance particularly useful for dialysis
|Feb 23, 1998
|Mar 6, 2001
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods for estimating platelet counts using a spleen mobilization function
|Oct 2, 1998
|Mar 13, 2001
|Fore Flow Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system
|Mar 16, 2000
|Mar 27, 2001
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods using apparent hematocrit as a process control parameter
|Nov 26, 1997
|Jun 26, 2001
|Baxter International Inc.
|Systems and methods which obtain a uniform targeted volume of concentrated red blood cells in diverse donor populations
|Apr 25, 2000
|Oct 9, 2001
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system
|Dec 23, 1999
|May 14, 2002
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Apr 21, 2000
|May 21, 2002
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Apr 9, 1999
|Aug 6, 2002
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system
|Jun 26, 1998
|Aug 27, 2002
|Mcewen James Allen
|Apparatus and method for monitoring pneumatic limb compression therapy
|Feb 23, 2001
|Sep 17, 2002
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods using apparent hematocrit as a process of control parameter
|Apr 7, 1999
|Mar 4, 2003
|Baxter International Inc.
|Methods for separating, collecting and storing red blood cells
|Feb 15, 2002
|Aug 26, 2003
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Jun 11, 2002
|Feb 3, 2004
|Orois Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Oct 2, 2000
|May 18, 2004
|Mcewen James Allen
|Apparatus for applying pressure waveforms to a limb
|Sep 11, 2002
|Oct 12, 2004
|Baxter International Inc.
|Blood processing systems and methods using red blood cell hematocrit as a process control parameter
|Nov 6, 2002
|May 3, 2005
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Dec 22, 2000
|May 31, 2005
|Gambro Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing methods and apparatus
|Apr 7, 2003
|Oct 24, 2006
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Dec 5, 2003
|Dec 5, 2006
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Oct 8, 2003
|Jan 30, 2007
|Gambro, Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing methods and apparatus
|Jun 28, 2004
|Feb 19, 2008
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Jun 10, 2004
|Nov 4, 2008
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Cannulae having reduced flow resistance
|May 3, 2005
|Dec 2, 2008
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Jun 28, 2004
|Apr 7, 2009
|Orqis Medical Corporation
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Sep 8, 2006
|Apr 7, 2009
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing methods with multiple alarm levels
|Oct 27, 2009
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing methods with return-flow alarm
|Oct 8, 2003
|Apr 27, 2010
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Methods and devices for processing blood
|Jun 11, 2007
|Aug 24, 2010
|Caridian Bct, Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing apparatus and methods with pressure sensing
|Aug 7, 2008
|Nov 2, 2010
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Methods and devices for processing blood
|Sep 8, 2006
|Jan 3, 2012
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Extracorporeal blood processing methods with multiple alarm levels
|Jun 3, 2010
|Jun 26, 2012
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Surgical stapler with tactile feedback system
|Jun 11, 2012
|Oct 1, 2013
|Covidien Lp
|Surgical stapler with tactile feedback system
|Nov 6, 2002
|Apr 10, 2003
|Bolling Steven F.
|Implantable heart assist system and method of applying same
|Sep 8, 2006
|Jan 4, 2007
|Gambro, Inc.
|Extracorporeal Blood Processing Methods With Multiple Alarm Levels
|Sep 8, 2006
|Apr 5, 2007
|Gambro, Inc.
|Extracorporeal Blood Processing Methods With Return-Flow Alarm
|Jun 11, 2007
|Oct 4, 2007
|Gambro Bct, Inc.
|Extracorporeal Blood Processing Apparatus And Methods With Pressure Sensing
|Aug 7, 2008
|Feb 12, 2009
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Methods and devices for processing blood
|Jan 6, 2009
|Jul 9, 2009
|In3 Ventures, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for blood sampling
|Dec 5, 2005
|Nov 19, 2009
|Shai Greennberg
|External counterpulsation device and method
|Jan 27, 2011
|Yong Ma
|Surgical stapler with tactile feedback system
|Oct 11, 2012
|Yong Ma
|Surgical stapler with tactile feedback system
|Aug 14, 2014
|Nov 27, 2014
|University Of Maryland, Baltimore
|Apparatus and method for use in analyzing a patient's bowel
|Feb 5, 1998
|Aug 12, 1998
|Althin Medical, Inc.
|Medical treatment device with a user interface adapted for home or limited care environments
|May 2, 1991
|Nov 12, 1992
|Horace Bullard
|Apparatus and method for movement of blood
|Nov 20, 1995
|May 29, 1997
|Ibrahim Ibrahim M
|Self-inflating venous boot
|U.S. Classification
|604/540, 604/66, 601/152
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 30, 1987
Owner name: BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., ONE BAXTER PAR
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WILLIAMSON, WARREN P.;SCHOENDORFER, DONALD W.;REEL/FRAME:004670/0880
Effective date: 19870123
Owner name: BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WILLIAMSON, WARREN P.;SCHOENDORFER, DONALD W.;REEL/FRAME:004670/0880
Effective date: 19870123
|Mar 29, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 27, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 25, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Apr 5, 2012
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, MINNESOTA
Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:ENER1, INC.;ENERDEL, INC.;ENERFUEL, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:027999/0516
Effective date: 20120330


text:
A priest was killed on Tuesday after a hostage situation at a church near the northern French city of Rouen, a police source said.
"There is nothing like budget padding. If it is the National Assembly that works on the budget, then you don't call it padding because padding is like an illegality."
A knife-wielding former employee killed 19 people and injured 25 at a care centre for the mentally disabled in Japan on Tuesday, in the country's worst mass killing in decades.
An estimated N7.775 trillion is expected as revenue to be generated from the oil mineral resources alone based on the proposed $42.5 benchmark price and an estimated 2.2 million barrel per day oil production volume.
It is recalled that NBA President, Mr. Augustine Alegeh, SAN had announced the commencement of campaigns for the elections during the NBA National Executive Committee (NBA-NEC) meeting in Jos last February.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hey guys!
I've got two Dribbble invites and would love to invite new talents to this great community. Just send an email to: [email removed] with a link to your portfolio or some of your work. If you have already an account on dribbble not hesitate to put it :)
Thanks for sharing all your nice portfolios with us.
So the invites go to:
Congrats and welcome to Dribbble!
keyboard shortcuts:
L or F like
Z toggle zoom
post comment
Show and tell for designers
What are you working on? Dribbble is a community of designers sharing screenshots of their work, process, and projects.
Copyright © 2009–2016 Dribbble LLC. All screenshots © their respective owners. Shipped from Salem, Mass. USA.


text:
"San Quirico d'Orcia, The hidden Jewell" San Quirico d'Orcia by Georgio
San Quirico d'Orcia Travel Guide: 2 reviews and 19 photos
In the heart of the Val d'Orcia,
away from the hustle and bustle of city life, you can find San Quirico. Coming from the north along the Via Dante Alighieri (once the medieval highway the Via Francigena) which runs through the centre of the old town, you can see the Chiesa Collegiata (XII century). Built on the site of an earlier church, it has three elaborately decorated doorways, one of which is attributed to Giovanni Pisano. Inside is a fine polyptych by Sano di Pietro (XV century) and inlaid choir stalls by Antonio Barili. At the side of the Collegiata is the stately Palazzo Chigi (XVII), which is partly restored and is enhanced by many fine frescoes by varios artists. There are often exhibitions and conferences held here. On the first floor is the Archivio Italiano dell'Arte dei Giardini (Italian Archive of Art of Gardens): an institute founded in the middle of the seventies to store photographic material and literature on houses and gardens, particularly Tuscan, of the 16C. In front of Palazzo Chigi is the Palazzo Pretorio, with gothic arched doorways and decorated with coats of arms. Continuing south you arrive in Piazza della Liberta', and the church Chiesa di S. Francesco, which is, hovever, usually called "Chiesa della Madonna" by the people of the town as it house the statue of the Madonna di Vitaleta - of the Della Robbia school. In a corner of the Piazza is the entrance to the Horti Leonini. Named after its creator Diomede Leoni, it is a typical garden of the 16C with a small entrance from which you can see the entire length of the garden with box hedges leading to a loggia created by an ilex wood. Despite being in the centre of the town it has a very quiet and restful atmosphere. Around the town stretches of the original walls survive, the Mura Castellane, as well as some of the former watch towers which are partly incorporated into other buildings. The medieval gateway Porta Cappuccini, is well preserved but unfortunately the old Porta Romana was destroyed in the in the Second World War.
Georgio's Related Pages
San Quirico d'Orcia Travel Guide
Member Travel Pages
- "San Quirico D'Orcia"
- "Sao quirico D' Orcia"
- "San Quirico d'Orcia, The hidden Jewell"
- "I was there....."
- "San Quirico d'Orcia, Val d'Orcia"
- See All...
"Life Is A Travel !"
- Member Rank:
- 0 5 8 4 0
- 35 Reviews
- 56 Photos
- Add Friend
- Follow
- Send Message
Badges & Stats in San Quirico d'Orcia
- 0 Reviews
- 1 Photos
- 0 Forum posts
- 0 Comments
- 3,454PageViews
- See All Stats
- See All Badges (3)
Have you been to San Quirico d'Orcia?Share Your Travels
Latest Activity in San Quirico d'Orcia
- updated a San Quirico d'Orcia Travel Page "San Quirico d'Orcia, The hidden Jewell"
- Uploaded a Photo to "San Quirico d'Orcia, The hidden Jewell"
Photos in San Quirico d'OrciaSee All Photos (1)
Top 5 Pages
- Ioannina Intro, 18 reviews, 18 photos
- Siena Intro, 7 reviews, 8 photos
- Montalcino Intro, 6 reviews, 9 photos
- Athens Intro, 3 reviews, 8 photos, 1 travelogue
- Italy Intro, 7 photos, 2 travelogues
No friends yet.


text:
Photo Details
Morris & Lena Schub Family, IL c1910: Morris Hyman (Maische Chaim) Schub, junk dealer, (parents Rubin / Reuven and Dvere / Dora (Sher) Schub) and Lena (Liebsche, Livsche, Lifsche) Padnos (parents Israel and Esther Padnos) emigrated from Moghilev Gubernia, Belarus, Russian Empire to Chicago, IL, USA in 1906. They had 5 children: Isadore (died in a fire aged 10), Joseph (m1. Minnie Gomberg, m2. Jeanette Merbaum, m3. Willa), Charles (m. Gertrude Kaufman), Esther "Ruth" (Louis) Schein, and Daniel David (m. Ruth Lillian Cale).
in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois USA


text:
Hourly - Entry Level ($) - Est. Time: Less than 1 month, Less than 10 hrs/week - PostedSkills: Game Design 3D Animation 3D Design 3ds Max
Hello, I'm looking for a freelancer qualified in 3D animation and graphics for a mobile game. The coding of the game is underworks, but my team needs someone for the animations and graphics. *More information will be given upon hiring* Here are a few examples of things needed: - Building customizable "avatars"/characters in a game. The characters will ideally look similar to ones from the Xbox Avatar ("cartoony"). The main character is completely customizable, while the other characters are "fixed" while they have different jerseys. - In-app store is implemented in the app in which the character is able to wear customizable outfits. - The game has Google Maps implementations (similar to Pokemon GO) but needs special designing of the surroundings objects. - I will personally give you sketches of what we're looking for once you are hired. - Need Logo designs as well Thanks!


text:
International Journal of Biometeorology
, Volume 49, Issue 5, pp 345-353
First online:
Meteorological effects on adult mosquito (Culex) populations in metropolitan New Jersey
- Arthur T. DeGaetanoAffiliated withNortheast Regional Climate Center, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University Email author
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
For two metropolitan New Jersey counties, monthly average adult mosquito (Culex) catch from New Jersey light trap data sets covering multiple decades is related to a number of meteorological factors. From June through August climatological conditions accounted for between 40% and 50% of the variation in average catch. In general, high monthly precipitation totals both in the month corresponding to the catch and the previous month were associated with increased trap catch. However, individual heavy rainfall events tended to reduce catch. Warm temperatures exerted a positive influence on mosquito abundance in June, but were associated with a low catch in August. Linear meteorological relationships explained only a small percentage of the variations in mosquito catch during May and September. During July, and particularly August, antecedent monthly catch also explained a significant portion of the variance in the contemporaneous catch. Over 60% of the variability in August catch could be attributed to the July population.
KeywordsCulex abundance Precipitation Temperature New Jersey West Nile virus
Reference tools
- Title
- Meteorological effects on adult mosquito (Culex) populations in metropolitan New Jersey
- Journal
International Journal of Biometeorology
Volume 49, Issue 5 , pp 345-353
- Cover Date
- 2005-05
- 10.1007/s00484-004-0242-2
- Print ISSN
- 0020-7128
- Online ISSN
- 1432-1254
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Keywords
- Culex abundance
- Precipitation
- Temperature
- New Jersey
- West Nile virus
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Northeast Regional Climate Center, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA


text:
The journal Behavorial and Brain Sciences has been sorting through various studies on why political conservatives are the way they are and has reached THIS CONCLUSION, among others:
A large body of political scientists and political psychologists now concur that liberals and conservatives disagree about politics in part because they are different people at the level of personality, psychology, and even traits like physiology and genetics.
That's a big deal. It challenges everything that we thought we knew about politics�upending the idea that we get our beliefs solely from our upbringing, from our friends and families, from our personal economic interests, and calling into question the notion that in politics, we can really change (most of us, anyway)…
[T]he conservative ideology, and especially one of its major facets�centered on a strong military, tough law enforcement, resistance to immigration, widespread availability of guns�would seem well tailored for an underlying, threat-oriented biology.
Note: First and last names are required for commenting. If you do not provide your first and last name when signing up, you will be banned.


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Apr 01st, 1996
Running Time: 75
Director: Bud Lee
Company: Wicked Pictures
Cast: Selena (I), Jenna Jameson, Tom Byron, Steve Drake, Asia Carrera, John Decker, T.T. Boy, Goldie (I), Paisley Hunter, Bridgette Monroe, Anna Malle
Critical Rating: AA 1/2
Genre: Feature
Three-ways are the rule in this lifeless story of friends (T.T. Boy, Asia Carrera) caught in a sex club where they must compete to see who can satisfy three partners first. Best of show (which isn't saying much) has Selena and Paisley Hunter double-teaming T.T., Carrera and Jenna Jameson doing the same, and a nice (but too short) tease by Goldie. Some excellent talent is wasted here.


text:
As part of our monthly Real Estate Data Trends report, we've decided to highlight how the national and local real estate markets have changed over the past month. As you can see the total US for-sale inventory of single family homes, condos, townhomes and co-ops (SFH/CTHCOPS) now stands at 1.88 million units, down -20.07% compared to a year ago and the median list price in May, which has been rising steadily since January, was up 3.17% on annual basis and now stands at $194,900.
RealEstate.comShared publicly -
Big question is whether these trends can be sustained over the next 6 months to a year. We certainly hope so.
Add a comment...


text:
Signature Ability
| The subject of this article has no official name.
The name currently in use is a fan designator; see below for more information.
The fan term signature Ability refers to an Ability that only one Pokémon, or only one evolutionary family of Pokémon, can have.
List of Pokémon and their Signature Abilities
See also
|This article is part of Project Moves and Abilities, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on two related aspects of the Pokémon games.


text:
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Dec 3, 2011 | 10:30 AM EST
- File Info
- Loop
- 1 min 1 sec
- Score
- 4.41 / 5.00
Related Content
Heard in 1 Entry!
View all submissions featuring this audio file.
You might also enjoy:
Licensing Terms
You may not use this work for commercial purposes without making specific arrangements with the artist UNLESS your work is a web-based game or animation, in which case you may use this freely.
- Score:
- Rated 4.41 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 1,757 Plays | 90 Downloads
- Share Links:
- Genres:
- Easy Listening - Classical
- None
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Great indeed...
This calm and dark song makes me able to see a small part of a story of mine... A young girl crying and holding her defeated master, and in front of them behind the flames staring the black demon with hes yellow eyes and forever grinning face... Hes weapons dripping with blood... A great piece indeed.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Best than elephants!
only female elephants though :U memba dat.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
this is amazing
makes me feel like im walking through a dark castle or a dungeon with monsters peering at me from the shadows


text:
A high-speed chase through 2 wiregrass counties lands an enterprise man in jail.
37-year-old Curtis Cray reportedly drove through a safety checkpoint in enterprise this weekend.
Police say he jumped out of his car in the Bellwood community in Geneva County , and was captured a few minutes later.
Gray is charged with attempted to elude police , and possession of a controlled substance.
He was allegedly selling drugs in the area.


text:
Sorry! The position you're looking for is no longer available. Check out other opportunities in Verona, WI below.
Results 41 — 50
Sort By:
Miller's Health System — Wabash, IN
July 26 2016
Miller's Merry Manor, the premier senior rehabilitation/nursing home/healthcare provider in Wabash, IN, is currently seeking Nurses to join their team.Miller's Merry Manor believes that our&…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Investment Analyst
COOPER TIRES — Virtual
July 26 2016
The Cooper name has a proud and storied heritage that goes back more than 100 years to 1914, when brothers-in-law John F. Schaefer and Claude E. Hart purchased M and M Manufacturing Company in Akron, …
Application Deadline: 8/3/2016
Paid Freelance Writer
Blasting News — Virtual
July 26 2016
COMPANY DESCRIPTION Launched in mid-2013, Blasting News is now the largest global social news platform the 297th most visited website in the world (Alexa Ranking), as big as Twitter in Italy, and as b…
Application Deadline: 7/31/2016
Sales & Marketing Internship (Auth to work in USA) fall 2016 -Commission only - Part-Time, Flexible
EventDaddy.com — Virtual
July 26 2016
EventDaddy.com is a new .dot com launching on August 15, 2016. We are hiring interns across the country at universities to help promote our new site. You will market to organizations both on and off c…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Administrative Assistant / Data Entry Clerk / Customer Service Rep Intern.
Sanwoyen Building and Construction — Virtual
July 26 2016
Description: Administrative Assistant Job Purpose: Provides office services by implementing administrative systems, procedures, and policies, and monitoring administrative projects. Job Duties: *Maint…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Certified Nursing Assistant
Miller's Health System — Wabash, IN
July 26 2016
Miller's Merry Manor, the premier senior rehabilitation/nursing home/healthcare provider in Wabash, IN, is currently seeking Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) to join their team.Mille…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Public Relations & Marketing Intern
Theory Communications — Virtual
July 26 2016
Theory Communications is seeking a public relations intern to assist in day to day responsibilities in regards to social media marketing, event planning & management, media outreach and more.
Application Deadline: 7/29/2016
Marketing/social media intern for iOS mobile app company
The Melody Book — Virtual
July 26 2016
The Melody Book is a young NYC based software development company, focused on mobile applications. We develop apps that teach children and adults about music in a fun and colorful way. Our aim is to p…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Interns To Assist Student Athletes For Excellence Foundation For High School Basketball Events
Student Athletes For Excellence — Virtual
July 26 2016
Company-Student Athletes For Excellence-www.studentathletesforexcellence.org This is a non profit organization that put on high school girls and boys basketball events. This organization is looking fo…
Application Deadline: 9/9/2016
Online Writing/Blogging Internship Opportunity
The Law Offices of Thomas J. Henry — Virtual
July 26 2016
Thomas J. Henry Injury Attorneys, a national law firm, is offering virtual writing internships through which individuals with an interest in English, Journalism, or Law can translate their knowledge i…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round


text:
Marinated Cheddar Cheese Block
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 0 mins
I first tasted this appetizer at an office Christmas party and I was hooked. It is super easy to make, time saving because you make it the night before and is loaded with great taste. Your mouth with thank you for the explosion of flavors.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 8 ounces cream cheese
- 8 ounces white cheddar cheese, about the same size as the cream cheese
- 1⁄2 cup olive oil
- 1⁄2 cup white wine vinegar
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- 2 tablespoons green onions, chopped
- 3 tablespoons fresh parsley, chopped
- 2 teaspoons basil
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- Slice cream cheese and white cheddar cheese into thin slices. (For easier slicing, place cream cheese in freezer for a few minutes.) Alternately layer the two cheeses.
- Mix the remaining ingredients together and pour dressing mixture on top of cheese.
- Chill overnight.
- Serve with a knife to slice through the cheese block and assorted crackers.
Most Helpful
I used cheddar, aged provolone, mozzerella and cream cheese all in one container, poured the marinade over and stuck it in the fridge for 4 days...it was excellent!!! Thanks for this yummy appetizer!
That marinade/dressing is out of this world good! I'm surprised there was enough to do the cheese block the way my finger kept "slipping" into the dish, LOL. I froze, as suggested, the cream cheese and making my slices about 1/4 thick, it cut beautifully. Good tip! The block itself didn't hold up as well as I had hoped, the cream cheese going soft very early in the cutting but it was so good nobody really cared. Thanks for a lovely recipe. Made for Good Cookin Fast Beverage Tag.
Super good! I used sharp cheddar and pepperjack. I did have problems slicing the cream cheese and had to put it in the feezer for about 20 mins. I also added some crushed red pepper mostly for color. Everbody really liked this. Thanks for posting.


text:
Commonweal Magazine
Trending Topics:
The war in Afghanstan between Taliban and the Northern Alliance bears an eerie resemblance to the war between Trojans and Athenians in the Iliad: courage, steadfastness, deceit, and revenge. Does the warrior ethic of the Afghans harken back to the ancient code embedded in Homer's account, or is it the natural ethic of a culture dominated by warlords? A Pashtun saying sums it up: "Me against my brother, my brother and me against our cousins, we and our cousins against the enemy." Clearly the Afghans battle one another by an ethic different than that of the United States and its allies, the military of sovereign states subject to international law and their own rules of engagement.
News stories from the fronts in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, and Kandahar have reported chaos on the ground, men rushing from one front to another and then milling about waiting to fight. At the same time, there appears to be a set of rules intended to stave off battle, and perhaps save lives. The "victories" of the Alliance, in north and south, follow rounds of skirmishing and negotiating rather than pitched battles. Surrendering Taliban warriors have been greeted with open arms; some are amnestied, while others, especially foreign Taliban, are imprisoned. Some Taliban surrender their weapons, others apparently do not. Booty is taken-Toyota trucks and plunder from the bodies of the dead. At the same time, it is likely that Taliban military...
Tweets by @commonwealmag


text: I had to go digging in the Bytes for All forums from way back in 3.7.13 to find the bug workaround to get header images to show. Turns out you have to click on Edit Header area, and save (and again on Edit Footer) and then it works. Bug, they know about it, but didn't fix it. Here's a link to their "tip":


text:
Two new brews from Erdinger….16.9oz Hefe-Weizen Dunkel (5.3% ABV) and 11.2oz Non-Alcoholic (less than .5% ABV).
Must Be 21+ to access mybeerbuzz.com
Find this on ...
Post a Comment
Please leave a comment...I do moderate them so it may not immediately appear...and please be nice!
Copyright 2016 mybeerbuzz.com
Back to TOP


text:
Sea Glass
Sea Glass
Back Bay Books, Paperback, 9780316089692, 416pp.
Publication Date: January 21, 2003
List Price: $15.00*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Buy at Local Store
Enter your zip code below to purchase from an indie close to you.
Buy Here
With all the narrative power and emotional immediacy that have made her novels acclaimed international bestsellers, Anita Shreve unfolds a richly engaging tale of marriage, money, and troubled times-the story of a pair of young newlyweds who, setting out to build a life together in a derelict beach house on the Atlantic coast, soon discover how threatening the world outside their front door can be.
About the Author
Anita Shreve is the critically acclaimed, award-winning author of Fortune's Rocks, The Pilot's Wife, The Weight of Water, Resistance, Eden Close, and Where or When. She teaches at Amherst College and lives in Longmeadow, Massachusetts.


text:
Featured Gilbert Estate Sales
Happening Today
$1 Start Online Estate Auction Ends July 28th
By East Valley Treasures
Started Mon. Jul 25, 2016, Ends Thu. Jul 28, 2016 Tempe, AZ
All Bidding Online at: www.eastvalleyauctions.com We will ship your items if you are not local. Everything Starts at $1. Catalog 1t1881 $10 Liberty Gold Coin 2t2004 Silver American Eagle Beautifully Toned Steel 3t1913 S $5 Gold Indian - Better Date Coin in Higher 4t1994 W $5 Proof Gold Commemorative Olympic ICG PR7 5t1925 Peace Dollar...
$1 Start Online Sunday Estate Auction Ends July 31st
By East Valley Treasures
Started Wed. Jul 27, 2016, Ends Sun. Jul 31, 2016 Tempe, AZ
All Bidding Online at: www.eastvalleyauctions.com We will ship your items if you are not local. Everything Starts at $1. Catalog 11 Troy Ounce Silver Coin - Andre Dawson - 1987 M 1r1892 $10 Gold Liberty in Extra Fine Condition 21853 Large Cent 2n1922 Peace Dollar PCGS MS63 2r1878 S Morgan Dollar MS62 NGC 31864...
An OUTSTANDING UPSCALE ESTATE SALE IN BEAUTIFUL SCOTTSDALE!!!
By Cameo Estate Sales
Started Thu. Jul 28, 2016, Ends Sat. Jul 30, 2016 Scottsdale, AZ
CAMEO ESTATE SALES has a fantastic 3 day sale for you this week in SCOTTSDALE! This lovely home is packed with great treasures. This sale offers clean and well maintained furnishings, antiques and collectibles. New Refrigerator, Vintage Refrigerator, LG Washer/Dryer, Kitchen wares, Queen size headboard and frame, Full size bedroom...
Starting Tomorrow
Multi Estate Auction - Friday July 29 - 9:00am & 6:00pm
By Jonathan Roberts Auction House
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
9:00am Box Lots Auction 6:00pm More Valuable Lots and Furniture
Tempe Estate Sale
By Arizona Desert Finds
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Tempe, AZ
Sale Time 7:00am - 11:00am Friday and Saturday Washer and Dryer, Refrigerators, Yard Tools, Furniture, Clothes/Shoes, Kitchen Items, Lamps, Sofa Sleeper and more...... Some pictures have been posted
Susie's Phoenix Sale!
By Susie's Estate Sales
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
Directions: Bell Rd. & I17 (Black Canyon Freeway) North on I17 Exit Bell Rd. West (left). North (right) on 31st Ave. Property on West (left) side of road. Follow Susie's Signs! Please do NOT park in front of or in driveway's and mail boxes. Click HERE for map! Featured: Oversized Chair, Matching Lift Chair,...
San Tan Valley Estate SaleStarts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. San Tan Valley, AZ
Terms and Conditions: Cash only. Bring help to load large items. Not responsible for accidents. It is approximately a 1700 sq ft home, there is no room for strollers. No large purses or bags please. Large open boxes are fine. You may hold and item with a deposit,you are purchasing an item as is, there...
Starting Soon
EJ's July 30 Multi Estate Auction
By Ej's Auction & Consignment
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Glendale, AZ
EJ'S Auction & Consignment proudly presents the July 30th Multi Estate Auction Visit www.ejsauction.com to preview catalog and bid online. Everything Must Sell! This auction will have some great items up for bidding Nikkormat 50mm Camera With Custom Strap 10k Gold Greenway High School Class Ring 2001 1889 ' The...
An indoor Phoenix Estate SaleStarts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
This indoor multi-generational estate sale is selling quality items such as a Hooker brand entertainment center, a dining room set, solid wood bookcases, a 1950's solid wood desk and chair, bedroom furniture, a curved glass china cabinet, a Total Gym, antiques and collectibles such as Mother's Day plates and B&G Christmas plates, Irish...
Mark Your Calendar
Beautiful Tuscan Estate
By An Estate In Time, LLC
Starts Sat. Aug 6, 2016. Tempe, AZ
***Beautiful Tuscan Estate - Large Home in Tempe Arizona*** Model home and like-new furnishings. Please check back for details and pictures. Thank You.
MESA Estate Sale
By Arizona Desert Finds
Starts Sat. Aug 6, 2016. Mesa, AZ
Everything in this house will sell in 1 day 7:00am - 11:00am Living room furniture, Kitchen table, Bed that pulls up for storage, plus more..
Citrus Way Auction
By Blue Leaf Estate Sales/Auctions
Starts Sat. Aug 6, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
Tools, Tools, and More Tools. There are tons of great finds in this auction. Take a look and see what you can't live without. There are more items in the sale than I was able to picture. ****There is a storage unit that belongs to this estate. It will be moved by sale date but we don't have pictures of the items*******...
EJ's August 6th Firearms & Fine Art Auction
By Ej's Auction & Consignment
Starts Sat. Aug 6, 2016. Glendale, AZ
EJ'S Auction & Consignment proudly presents the August 6th Multi Estate Auction Visit www.ejsauction.com to preview catalog and bid online. Everything Must Sell! This auction will have some great items up for bidding Lot 1100: Frank Tenney Johnson (1874 -1939) Original Oil Lot 1218: Colt Single Action Army .44...
GILBERT Estate State - Car 1975 Ford THUNDERBIRD
By Arizona Desert Finds
Starts Thu. Aug 18, 2016. Gilbert, AZ
CAR FOR SALE CLASSIC CAR 1975 Ford THUNDERBIRD All original ONLY 1 owner Eccellent Interior 81,000 Miles YES - will presell before estate sale (if interested send email with phone number and you will be contacted back) Lots for sale here - Pictures posted closer to sale
Nice Living Estate Sale in Val Vista Lakes Community
By Copper State Auctions & Estate Services
Starts Sat. Aug 20, 2016. Gilber, AZ
Saturday August 20, 2016 at 9:00am, Preview at 8:00am Furniture Artwork Collectibles Yard Art Above Ground Hot Tub Patio Furniture Tools Clothing Linens . . . and Lots More! More information, address and photos coming soon.
LYTHCOOP - Mesa Estate Sale
By Lythcoop Estate Liquidators LLC
Starts Thu. Aug 25, 2016. Mesa, AZ
This will be our COMING BACK FROM SUMMER VACATION sale. More information and pictures will be posted soon. AVAILABLE FOR PRESALE 1992 Ford F250 XLT 7.8L V.8 pickup truck, extended cab with 135,760 miles. Power windows, power door locks, towing package, 5th Wheel electrical hookup, dual tanks, sliding rear window, working A/C,...
Beautiful Scottsdale Estate Sale-ONE DAY ONLY!
By Blue Barn Estate Sales
Starts Sat. Sep 10, 2016. Scottsdale, AZ
ONE DAY ONLY- SATURDAY!! Beautiful and in immaculate condition- Dining Room Set Living Room Furniture Custom Made Coffee Table Brass Mirrors Lucite Lamp Custom Made Bedroon Set Art Work and more
Sun Lakes Estate Auction
By Blue Leaf Estate Sales/Auctions
Starts Sat. Dec 31, 2016. Sun Lakes, AZ
Keep an eye out. Sale date will be set soon!
Nationally Featured Estate Sales
Auctions by Transitional Design Fine Jewelry Sale, Hudson, OH
By Auctions By Transitional Design
Starts Sun. Jul 24, 2016. Hudson, OH
This Jewelry Store Auction Features an Excellent Offering of Fine Jewelry including Stunning Diamonds, Semi-Precious Stones, Engagement Rings, White and Yellow Gold, Sterling Silver, Vintage Estate Jewelry, Watches... Many Incredible Pieces to Choose From! To bid on these items, please visit www.bidrustbelt.com Presented by Auctions...
July 31 Online Auction | Americana, Tramp & Folk Art
By Jasper52
Starts Wed. Jul 27, 2016. New York, NY
This is a NO RESERVE Auction! Woven together in this sale are decorative objects that helped shape America's cultural identity. Hand-crafted by artisans, these household artworks describe the everyday American experience between the 1870's and 1940's. A painted metal cutout depicts a young girl watering flowers, while a copper rooster...
Auburn EstateFine Jewelry Gold & Silver, Costume Jewelry!
Starts Thu. Jul 28, 2016. Auburn, CA
B & C Estate Sales Inc. Is Featuring an Auburn Estate On July 28th, 29th, 30th & 31st, 2016 From 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM Furniture Rice Paper Room Divider, Danish Modern Tea Art, Love Seat, Oak China Cabinet, Mid Century Modern Pair Of Chairs,1880s Quarter Sawn Oak Table W/4 Chairs, Oak Bar Stools, Round Coffee Table, Mid Century Desk...
Garlic City Auction - FRIDAY ONLY - Estate Auction - Ranch Home & Sheds
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Morgan Hill, CA
See the video Preview at 8:30 am Auction at 9:30am Early Birds can enter at 8:00am if you register on line, See all our Auctions Get Text Alerts (not all Auctions are posted here) Text the word "AUCTIONS" to 80123 This is a Country home stuck in a residential neighborhood. If you can't make it, please leave an absentee bid and pick up...
Find Estate Sales in Gilbert, AZ
The following listings are provided as a convenience from various sources on the internet. Please review these sales carefully as we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information provided. There is a slight possibility that some listings might actually be yard sales or garage sales and should be apparent by their description.
Estate/Moving Sale -- Almost Everything Must Go
Starts Thu. Jul 28, 2016. Scottsdale, AZ
We're downsizing quite a bit. FURNITURE? Some fine furniture [and some that's merely "good enough"]. First, a massive stone (alabaster?) 7' dining room table with six modern chairs. Might you prefer an ensemble of eight very elegant traditional dining room chairs? We have them available. Would your rooms nicely accommodate 2 very large and...
Estate Sale We Have One Sale This Week
Starts Thu. Jul 28, 2016. Peoria, AZ
9409 w Taro Lane Peoria 85382 Signs on Union Hills and Westbrook Parkway House full Furniture Smalls and garage Items Thur Fri Sat 28th 29th 30th 7:30 am until 12:30 Pm
Estate Sale All Must Go
Starts Thu. Jul 28, 2016. Glendale, AZ
Lots of stuff for everyone. Also a Chihuahua lovers paradise.
Estate Sale
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Peoria, AZ
Estate Sale!! Friday 7/29 7:00am-5:00pm & Sat 7/30 7:00am-? Mahogany China cabinet, antique desk, bunkbed, full Livingroom set, patio table and chairs, dresser, armouir, 55in TV and stand, book shelves, books, CDs, VHS, kids bikes, snow board, kids clothes, ladies clothes and shoes and tons more!! 8048 W Sheena Dr Peoria. 79th Av & Thunderbird.
Estate Sale: Large Lot, Extensive Collection
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
Estate Sale: Friday 7/29 - Sunday 7/31 8 A.M. -3 P.M. weather permitting Large Lot! MID CENTURY & DANISH MODERN FURNITURE! Selection of Collectibles! Impressive collection of vintage brass Lamps and Furnishings! Motorcycle & Transportation! Industrial Interior Design Elements! Vintage Testing Equipment!
Estate Sale - Contemporay Furniture, Fri-Sun 7/29-31
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Sun City, AZ
Huge ESTATE SALE. Fri-Sun. 9 am - 5pm. House FULL of contemporary DR, LR, and BR furniture, art, rugs, beds, household goods, kitchen goods, linens, bar stools, lamps, mirrors, etc. Washer and Dryer, beautiful stainless appliances: refrigerator, stove, hood, oven, microwave and dishwasher. See pictures!! Cash and Carry only. 10622 West...
Estate Sale - Cash Only
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
Huge Estate Sale Friday and Saturday 9am to 2pm Cash Only. No bills larger than $20. Nearly everything in the home is available for this sale. Book shelves and other furniture, tools, books, movies, pool table, sectional sofa, and kitchen items. There are too many types of items available to list. ****Cash Only - No bills over $20****
Estate Safe - All Must Go!
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Mesa, AZ
Lots of kitchen stuff / crystal / flower arrangements / wall hangings / photo frames / figurines / stuffed bears / China sets / Queen Size Bedroom set / Kitchen tables & chairs / Storage cabinets / Sewing machine in cabinet / vacuums / BBQ items / purses / clothing / towels / glass & brass coffee table w/2 end tables / table lamps / misc odds &...
Huge Estate Sale Gilbert At Trilogy Power Ranch W/ Some Mid-Century Modern
Starts Fri. Jul 29, 2016. Gilbert, AZ
Estate sale at Trilogy at Power Ranch, Queen Creek and S. Power, Friday and Saturday July 29 & 30, 8:00 to 2:30 daily. CASH only, discounts on Saturday. Bring your own boxes and packaging materials, we don't have any, thank you. 4281 E Chestnut Lane, Gilbert 85298. Enter Trilogy Power Ranch at main entrance and pick up the directions and...
Massive Estate Sale, Everything Goes!
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Surprise, AZ
Dining Set, Barstools, Artwork, Interior Decor, pub table and stools, clothing, vintage furniture and nic nacs, Doll collection, Grandfather clock, tons of kitchenware, Bedroom Set/ King, nice furniture, tools, electronics, small appliances Tons of great stuff- everything goes! Out of state owner has asked us to sell everything...
Massive Estate Sale! Everything Goes!
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Surprise, AZ
Dining Set, Barstools, Artwork, Interior Decor, pub table and stools, clothing, vintage furniture and nic nacs, Doll collection, Grandfather clock, tons of kitchenware, Bedroom Set/ King, nice furniture, tools, electronics, small appliances Tons of great stuff- everything goes! Out of state owner has asked us to sell everything...
Estate Sale
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
ESTATE SALE ITEMS: Electric dryer Curio cabinets (2) Couch, 2 recliners, table (end table and cocktail table) TV Dining room table and chairs A hutch King bed (or 2 twins) Dressers Stereos (several) desk 2 wheeled barrows Lawn and gardening tools Cements mixer Hand tools Fishing rods Reciprocating saw Camping gear Digital piano...
Estate Sale --Everything Must Go!
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Mesa, AZ
Estate Sale Furniture, Clothing, Kitchen items, Tools, Painting Equipment, Etc. Saturday and Sunday AM July 30 4643 E. Carmel Ave Mesa AZ 85206
Estate Sale
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Phoenix, AZ
Indoor multi-generational estate sale. Furniture, household items, pet items, antiques and collectibles. July 30th and 31st - 8am to 2pm each day.
Estate Sale
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Casa Grande, AZ
Estate Sale Saturday, July 30, starting at 5:30 a.m. 296 W Blue Lagoon - Casa Grande If you are a collector, crafter, or love country/farm decor, this sale is for you! Estate Sale includes numerous collectibles: John Deere Danbury Mint Plates John Deere Collector Coffee Cups John Deere Dolls Over 200 pieces of the International Heartland...
Estate/Moving Sale, Saturday July 30 @ 8am
Starts Sat. Jul 30, 2016. Mesa, AZ
Estate/Moving Sale ONLY ON SATURDAY JULY 30 @ 8am!! EVERYTHING MUST GO IN ONE DAY! SATURDAY, JULY 30 @ 8am NO REASONABLE OFFER WILL BE REFUSED!! EVERYTHING WILL BE INSIDE! FEEL FREE TO JUST COME ON IN!! We are relocating and don't have room for a lot of our furniture. Everything we are selling is in great shape. Will be posting more pictures...
Estate Sale!!!
Starts Sun. Jul 31, 2016. Scottsdale, AZ
Lots of furniture and other wonderful treasures!
Everything Must Go Estate Sale
Starts Sat. Aug 6, 2016. Scottsdale, AZ
HUGE moving sale and everything must go! Recently sold a condo and EVERTHING in the condo must go before the end of August. Very negotiable on all items within reason. I will post pictures of most (larger) items but I will list below what is needed to go: Kitchen: electric tea kettle, coffee maker, knives, cutting boards, cooking utensils, wine...
Are you looking for assistance with having an Estate Sale?
Find a qualified company in our directory of Estate Sale Companies in Gilbert, AZ.
All sales found within 40 miles of Gilbert, AZ.
You might find more sales by increasing your search radius.
Looking for more sales?
Our list of estate sales in Gilbert changes frequently. You can check back daily or you can sign-up for our weekly email.
Did you know?
- We also list Estate Auctions & Estate Liquidations.
- Tag Sale is a popular term used for an estate sale.


text:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
, Volume 35, Issue 6, pp 705-714
First online:
Stabilization of lead and copper contaminated firing range soil using calcined oyster shells and fly ash
- Deok Hyun MoonAffiliated withDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University Email author
- , Jae-Woo ParkAffiliated withDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University
- , Kyung Hoon CheongAffiliated withDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University
- , Seunghun HyunAffiliated withDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University
- , Agamemnon KoutsospyrosAffiliated withMechanical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven
- , Jeong-Hun ParkAffiliated withDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University
- , Yong Sik OkAffiliated withDepartment of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
A stabilization/solidification treatment scheme was devised to stabilize Pb and Cu contaminated soil from a firing range using renewable waste resources as additives, namely waste oyster shells (WOS) and fly ash (FA). The WOS, serving as the primary stabilizing agent, was pre-treated at a high temperature to activate quicklime from calcite. Class C FA was used as a secondary additive along with the calcined oyster shells (COS). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by means of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the 0.1 M HCl extraction tests following a curing period of 28 days. The combined treatment with 10 wt% COS and 5 wt% FA cause a significant reduction in Pb (>98 %) and Cu (>96 %) leachability which was indicated by the results from both extraction tests (TCLP and 0.1 M HCl). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analyses are used to investigate the mechanism responsible for Pb and Cu stabilization. SEM–EDX results indicate that effective Pb and Cu immobilization using the combined COS–FA treatment is most probably associated with ettringite and pozzolanic reaction products. The treatment results suggest that the combined COS–FA treatment is a cost effective method for the stabilization of firing range soil.
KeywordsLead Copper Stabilization Oyster shell Fly ash
Reference tools
- Title
- Stabilization of lead and copper contaminated firing range soil using calcined oyster shells and fly ash
- Journal
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Volume 35, Issue 6 , pp 705-714
- Cover Date
- 2013-12
- 10.1007/s10653-013-9528-9
- Print ISSN
- 0269-4042
- Online ISSN
- 1573-2983
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Lead
- Copper
- Stabilization
- Oyster shell
- Fly ash
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Deok Hyun Moon (1)
- Jae-Woo Park (2)
- Kyung Hoon Cheong (1)
- Seunghun Hyun (3)
- Agamemnon Koutsospyros (4)
- Jeong-Hun Park (5)
- Yong Sik Ok (6)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
- 2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
- 3. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
- 4. Mechanical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- 5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
- 6. Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea


text:
Yesterday I took a hpt and I'm 99% sure it was positive but very very faint. I tested this morning and today it's a little more obvious but still extremely light. I am 14dpo and one day late. I know this might sound stupid but should I go to the doctor for a test today or wait until my lines are a little more dark. I have to go to a military clinic and I've heard they sometimes only do a urine test so I don't want a midday test to look negative to them. What would you do?
doctor blood test after very faint positive hpt
Posted 12/04/2012
Comments (4)
Posted 12/04/2012
Just call you doctor and tell them you got a BFP. They will let you know what the next step is. In many cases if you don't have a history of losses you won't go in for any confirmation bloodwork. You will just make your appointment for your first prenatal visit.
Marian - Mom to DS (11/09) M/C @ 9w2d (10/12) DD (11/13)
Posted 12/04/2012
If you have confirmed it on a stick, no matter how faint the line is you could get a blood test. Make sure you ask for quantitative blood test where they tell you how much Hcg is in your system then a yes or no answer. Most doctors will tell you know until you have reached 50 miu
Posted 12/04/2012
If there's no other history a lot of doctors won't do a blood hcg. Mine didn't do one even with a history of m/c. But they did do one when I showed up for an appt 2 days after my BFP and got a BFN on their urine test because I hadn't held my urine very long before the test. It freaked me out because they thought I was miscarrying. Hcg was only 100, but increased great after that, then I miscarried at 9 1/2 weeks anyway.
Kim (38) and DH (42)^mmc 10/2009^, DS1 10/26/10, ^Vanishing twin 4/2013^, DS2 12/11/13, Baby girl due 6/8/16
(.)(.) Diamond
lokinney · Original Poster
Posted 12/04/2012
I do have a history of loss but I don't technically have a doctor because I live on a base with a clinic rather than a hospital. So I need to do a test so they consider me pregnant before they will refer me off base to an ob. I suppose I will just have to insist on a blood test because of my history and tell them II need care immediately.


text:
Have about 100 or so miles on these rims and just can't get over how well they perform. The reduction in rotating weight is the thing I notice the most.
If I have to replace the rims in the future I would do it. Just can see myself going back to alloy rims.
Results 476 to 500 of 8048
Thread: (Cheap) Chinese Carbon Rims?


text:
Communities (26)
Top Network Posts
- 320Check if pull needed in Git
- 260Git: list only "untracked" files (also, custom commands)
- 161How to undo 'git add' before commit?
- 110How do I rename a Git repository created with gitolite?
- 52Serializing PHP object to JSON
- 47git: Apply changes introduced by commit in one repo to another repo
- 39git: how to move some commits to new branch
- View more network posts →
Keeping a low profile.
This user hasn't posted... yet.
Badges (6)
Gold —
Silver 6
Bronze —


text:
Quick Spinach Italiano
- 1 pound frozen spinach leaves, cut, not chopped, works best, partially thawed
- 1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 teaspoons bottled minced garlic
- 2 tablespoons shredded Parmesan cheese, available in bags and tubs
- freshly ground black pepper
- salt to taste, optional
- Step 1
- Add olive oil to large, nonstick frying pan or skillet and heat oil until hot, but not smoking, over medium heat. Add garlic; saute for 30 seconds or so.
- Step 2
- Stir in the spinach leaves; saute for a few minutes or until spinach is tender.
- Step 3
- Add pepper to taste. Sprinkle Parmesan over the top and serve.
© 2015 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.


text:
Click here to view the full size PPI Explanation Chart
To help DuPage County residents protect themselves against West Nile virus (WNV), the DuPage County Health Department has created a Personal Protection Index (PPI) that will inform residents of the amount of WNV activity in the county, as well as prevention steps that are recommended.
The PPI provides residents with a current snapshot of WNV activity, ranging from zero to three, with zero being no activity and three announcing multiple human cases of WNV in DuPage County.
The PPI will be updated every Wednesday at 3:00 p.m., by Health Department staff, during the surveillance season. The PPI will change to match the risk level determined for that period.
When activated, residents should follow the 4 D's of prevention that coincide with the PPI risk level.
Drain: Drain those items that collect standing water around your home, yard or business. Scrub and refill pet water dishes and bird baths regularly.
Defend: Use an insect repellent containing DEET when outdoors and reapply according to directions.
Dress: Wear long pants, long sleeves and closed toe shoes when outside to cover the skin.
Dusk & Dawn: Wear repellent outdoors during these prime times for mosquito activity.
10 things to know about mosquitoes
Mosquito control begins at home
Online tool for reporting dead birds
CDC: Zika Virus, Jan. 20, 2016
Question and Answers: Zika virus infection (Zika) and pregnancy | Zika virus | CDC, Jan. 20, 2016
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Fact Sheet for Schools and Child Care Centers
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Fact Sheet for Schools and Child Care Centers - Spanish
Gastrointestinal (GI) Illness Fact Sheet
Gastrointestinal (GI) Illness Fact Sheet - Spanish
Influenza Fact Sheet for Schools and Child Care Centers
Influenza Fact Sheet for Schools and Child Care Centers-Spanish


text:
UPGRADE: Please report anything out of the ordinary post-upgrade in this thread: http://www.orthodoxchristianity.net/forum/index.php/topic,66430.new.html
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
what should I take away from this?
So, if this is really from God, and I have absolutely no reason to think otherwise, what should I take away from this?
Page created in 0.07 seconds with 25 queries.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
Forgot Password? | Not a User? Sign up
The Bedford County School Board will be conducting a public hearing on potential closing/consolidation of elementary schools in the Staunton River Zone and the resulting redistricting of students.
In anticipation of that meeting, residents of the Body Camp and Moneta communities came together this weekend to prepare for the week ahead.
The public hearing will take place Monday, June 2, 7 p.m. in the Staunton River High School auditorium. Anyone who wants to speak at this hearing should contact Sherry Ratliff, School Board Clerk, at 540-586-1045 x-257. Those wishing to speak may also sign up to speak on the evening of June 2 when arriving at the hearing. On June 5, the school board will hold a special called meeting to discuss, and potentially vote, on school closures.
A state-mandated school efficiency review of BCPS released May 15 recommended that Bedford Primary School and Moneta Elementary School be closed in an effort to save $8 million over the next five years. But the School Board will also consider closing Body Camp Elementary instead of Moneta Elementary in the Staunton River Zone. Whichever school is closed, most of the elementary schools in the area could be affected in some way, due to redistricting of the students.
The communities rally News of the recommendation came as a surprise to the Moneta and Body Camp communities. District 2 School Board member Jason Johnson met Sunday with residents from both communities to discuss the issue. Johnson told members of both communities he would vote against any proposal to close either of the schools.
Sunday's meeting in the Moneta community was the second week in a row he had spent a part of a Sunday afternoon with parents and concerned residents there. Those gathered strategized as to how to approach this Thursday's School Board meeting and then the public hearing on Monday. A letter is being drafted to distribute to School Board members calling for all school closings to be postponed so further study can be looked into about the potential school closings.
Moneta residents also echoed earlier sentiments of presenting a unified front against all school closings at all with the other communities facing potential school closings, rather than having each school community tearing the other apart.
Johnson encouraged the residents to mobilize their effort.
"I'm learning more about sewage than I've ever cared to know," Johnson told the Moneta meeting, speaking about the failed septic system at the school. He did encourage residents to attend this past Tuesday night's Board of Supervisors meeting to express their views to the supervisors and urge the county to provide more funding to the school system.
Johnson said he believes the current proposal is to close one of the Staunton River Zone elementary schools—Body Camp or Moneta—this upcoming school year and close one of the Liberty Zone schools—Thaxton Elementary or Bedford Primary—the following school year.
He said the communities are in this fight together and urged a unified front between the two Staunton River Zone schools. "I think this is moving too quickly," Johnson said.
While he doesn't favor closing community schools, Johnson said he would favor closing Thaxton and Bedford Primary, both in the Liberty Zone, instead of the schools in the Zone he represents.
Body Camp residents meet
Residents who attended the Body Camp meeting were upset they learned the day before school let out that their school could potentially be closed next school year. Some felt Moneta had been given the upper hand because residents there had been given notice a week prior when the announcement was made at the efficiency review study meeting.
"We don't want either school to close," Body Camp Elementary PTA President Don Ferguson said. "But that's out of our control."
He said it was important to keep emotions in check. "We don't want to turn one community against another," he said.
Ferguson told those gathered for the meeting, held just off the school grounds, that if a school closes there will be more children in the classrooms and the teachers are going to need the help of all the parents, whichever school remains open. "The children are the reason we are here," he said. "The (school's) community is going to get a little bigger (if a school closes). There can't be any bad feelings between us or them (whatever happens)."
Johnson, who quickly made his way from Moneta to the Body Camp meeting Sunday afternoon, said if the sewer issue at Moneta Elementary could be taken out of the equation, the school system might have more time to consider the issue. "I think that buys us more time," he said about deciding which of the four schools recommended should be closed.
He again urged community residents to ask the supervisors for more school funds, stating the school system is "running a pretty tight ship."
While Body Camp Elementary has been targeted by the School Board in recent years for potential closing, Johnson said the school has made significant strides in both its education of the students and its retention of students to that school. In the past, it had a significantly higher number of students seeking transfers into other elementary schools. "Body Camp is doing a lot of things really well right now," he said.
The letter
Johnson told residents at Body Camp he was as surprised as everyone else to read in the letter that went home to parents that either Body Camp or Moneta would be closed.
Board Chairman Gary Hostutler, however, said Johnson was told about the contents of the letter, as were all of the other School Board members. "As soon as I received the letter, I did text (school superintendent) Dr. Schuch," Johnson said of his surprise.
Johnson said the issue as it was presented in the letter is like having two children and being asked to choose which is your favorite. "Moneta and Body Camp Elementary schools are the heart and soul of their communities," he said. Closing one of them, Johnson said, "would be to gut the heart of the community."
Hostutler said Monday that school board members wanted to get a letter out to parents prior to school being let out.
"We're under a time constraint here," he said, if a school is to be closed for the upcoming school year.
Hostutler said he checked with other board members prior to sending out the letter, which went to parents throughout the Staunton River Zone. He said that included emails and phone calls.
He said he thought parents would appreciate being notified prior to the summer break beginning.
The School Board has considered closing Body Camp Elementary in recent years, but eventually opted not to do that. But Hostutler said the recommendation in the state-mandated school efficiency study to close two schools—one in the Staunton River Zone and one in the Liberty Zone—has brought that issue back to the forefront. He said the problem with the septic system at Moneta Elementary, in which two of the school's three drain fields have failed, has accelerated the potential timeline for closing a school in that zone.
Body Camp Elementary was thrown back into the mix, because it was included as a second-tier option for a school that could be closed.
"The state doesn't care which two (schools are closed), just that we need to close two," he said. Hostutler said it would not be prudent to close Moneta Elementary if there are lingering issues at Body Camp.
He said that led to the decision to include Body Camp as part of the focus of the public hearing on June 2.
"All of this has unfolded very quickly," he said. "I was dumbfounded that Moneta was at the top of the list."
Had there not been an issue with the septic system at Moneta Elementary, he said the school closing issue probably wouldn't have been considered this quickly.
Fixing that septic system would be a "significant investment of money we don't have," he said.
The School Board has a tour of the schools scheduled for Saturday.
Hostutler said he is not throwing his weight around by moving on the issue. He said he checked with everyone, including Johnson, about including Body Camp as a subject of the public hearing on school closings. He said a majority of the board members were in favor of moving ahead, so the meetings were scheduled.
"Everybody agreed let's do this the first week in June," he said.
If a school is slated to be closed this year, he said the school administration will need as much time as possible to work through the closing process.
Hostutler said closing a school will affect all of the elementary schools in the Zone. "That's why we invited the entire Zone," he said of the meeting.
He said small schools are inefficient, adding that all of the schools in the Staunton River Zone have capacity for more students.
He said having small schools does not mean they are better schools. "They actually aren't that effective," he said. "Their scores aren't better."
By consolidating schools, Hostutler said additional services could be provided to students.
When they might decide
On June 5, the School Board will hold the special called meeting at 6 p.m. in the School Board Office conference room to discuss and possibly take action regarding the potential consolidation of elementary schools in the Staunton River Zone for 2014-15, and the resulting redistricting of students. Though no public comment will be received at this meeting, it will be open to the public.
The School Board will also meet this Thursday, May 29, in closed session beginning at 4 p.m. with a budget work session immediately following. The regular session will begin at 7 p.m. in the conference room at the School Board Office.
Coming together
Residents of both Body Camp and Moneta were urged to attend a prayer service on Sunday, June 1, at 6 p.m in Downtown Moneta. A flyer on the event said it is a chance for the communities to come together, united for a time of prayer to lift up the schools, children and community to God. The prayer service is being sponsored by Bethlehem United Methodist Church.
Add new comment
Read and share your thoughts on this story


text:
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) - Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says federal stimulus funds will repair and improve dams in 11 states, including several projects in Oklahoma.
More than $13 million of the $45 million in stimulus funds will go toward dam repairs in Oklahoma.
The biggest project is a $4.1 million repair of Sallisaw Creek 18 dam near Stilwell, Okla., an Arkansas border town of about 3,450 people, of which about 94 percent are Native Americans.
Local officials will contribute about 35 percent of the total cost of each project on the federal list.