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EAST ST. LOUIS — The East St. Louis City Council voted 3-2 to establish what city leaders are calling the River's Edge Business District.
City Councilman Robert Eastern III made the motion to approve the ordinance with that name for the district. Eastern said the word change from entertainment to business "should make the citizens happy."
Councilman LaToya Greenwood and Mayor Alvin Parks also voted in favor of the measure.
Councilman Emeka Jackson-Hicks and Roy Mosley Sr. voted against the bill.
The vote came after a 100-minute public hearing in which a majority of the 35 people who spoke made it clear that they did not want an entertainment district, which is how the ordinance was worded. Some members of the audience said the simple word change made no difference.
Parks emphasized that the district would mean more jobs for residents and a reduction in crime. He said taxes and other revenue generated in the district would help to pay for more policemen, maintenance, firefighters and other services.
While Parks said he would not specifically talk about who was interested in coming to East St. Louis to do business, he assured the audience that there are people interested in the city.
"We're interested in a sense of security," Willis Jenkins said. "There is no law here. People run stop signs all of the time."
Jenkins said East St. Louis used to be an All-American city instead of being known as "East Boogie."
"We ain't gonna boogie our way out of this mess," Jenkins said.
Parks asked why East St. Louisans have to go to Chucky Cheese in Fairview Heights or to a concert at The Pageant in University City.
"The answer is because we do not have The Pageant in East St. Louis," Parks said.
Marie Franklin said the city's appearance prevents businesses from locating in East St. Louis.
"It's ridiculous. It's like some red light district places where you can go to get some off-color entertainment," Franklin said. "Who's coming here when the place is falling down. No matter where you turn, the street is falling in, there are lots of overgrown properties and houses falling down."
Franklin vowed to go door to door to get residents to vote any elected official out of office who voted for the entertainment district.
"Who are the businesses that want to come here," Franklin asked. "Why aren't they here to talk to us? What are their plans. I want something in writing, something concrete."
Lillian Parks, the mayor's mother, said: "We are our own worst enemies. When I hear there's nothing good here, I think there are plenty of good things here."
Gary Smith said: "If a rose was placed beside a bag of trash, the aromatic scent coming from the trash would out smell the loveliness of the rose." He said the trash was the crime in the city.
"We already had night clubs that stayed open until 6 a.m.," Smith said. "They brought in revenue, but we are still without police and we're laying off firemen. It didn't work. We need a plan."
Jackson-Hicks asked City Manager Deletra Hudson whether there was a comprehensive plan for the district. Hudson told her there was not.


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Bundle: Wacom Cintiq 22HD Tablet + Painter X3
Professional Pen Tablet bundle
The world's leading digital art software meets the world's most versatile tablet
- Create realistic digital art
- Capture every subtle detail
- Work faster with time-saving features
- Use new Multi-touch technology
Corel 30 天不滿意退貨保證
Corel 對其產品倍感自豪,確信您會對自己購買的產品感到滿意。這正是我們提供「Corel 30 天不滿意退貨保證」的原因。今天購買後,如果您對購買的產品不完全滿意,Corel 會根據您的原始付款方式退款 - 扣除所有運費。在您聯絡我們商討退貨事宜時,Corel 客戶服務代表可能會詢問您的產品相關資訊及使用體驗。
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下列交貨選項可供 美國 的居民使用。
|FedEx Ground (4-7 business days)
|FedEx Standard (3-5 business days)
|FedEx Priority (1-2 business days)
|FedEx Priority US Islands (1-2 business days)
What's Included
- Painter X3 (Windows/Mac) download version
- Cintiq 22HD Interactive Pen Display
- Grip Pen
- Pen Stand
- Ten Replacement Pen Nibs
- DVI-I to DVI-D cable adapter
- AC Power Adapter
- Power Cable
- USB Cable
- Quick Start Guide and User Manual
- Installation CD (includes driver software and electronic manual)
- Application DVD (includes application software): Adobe Photoshop Elements (6.0 WIN / 6.0 MAC), Corel® Painter™ Essentials 4, Nik Color Efex Pro 3.0 WE6, Wacom Brushes 3.0
- Two year Manufacturers' warranty in U.S. and Canada on Cintiq products: Wacom warrants the Cintiq to the original consumer purchaser, except for the Software and consumable items such as the pen nibs, to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of two (2) years, from the date of original retail purchase, as evidenced by a copy of the receipt and registration with Wacom by mail or online within 30 days of purchase.
Cintiq 22HD Features
Widescreen HD display
With its spacious 21.5" HD (1920 x 1080), wide-format LCD screen, the Wacom Cintiq 22HD delivers a crystal clear resolution unlike anything you've ever seen. Featuring a wide viewing angle and impressive widescreen aspect ratio, it's the ideal tablet for large-format work, delivering a high-quality visual experience that offers plenty of room to edit, design and create.
Wacom Grip Pen
Capture every stroke and every subtle detail with a Grip Pen capable of recognizing 2048 individual levels of pen pressure. Vary the angle of the pen to dynamically change the exposure, brush size, or line weight—just like you would with a traditional paintbrush or marker. The customizable side switches also allow you to program common functions into the pen itself, letting you work quickly and creatively.
Rear Mounted Toggle Buttons
Take control of your work using rear-mounted, finger-sensitive Touch Strips and Toggle Buttons. Work with up to four functions, such as brush size, zooming, canvas rotation and scrolling. It's the quick and easy way to spend less time dealing with cumbersome on screen commands and more time immersed in the creative process.
Adjustable Display
Looking for a more ergonomic workspace? The Cintiq 22HD reclines just like an easel, allowing you to find the most comfortable working position. For added functionality, lay your Cintiq flat on a tabletop or mount it on an articulating arm*. The Cintiq 22HD also rotates up to 180º in either direction to accommodate your natural drawing movements or to quickly change your viewing angle, letting you work just the way you want.
Time-saving ExpressKeys
Choose from up to 16 programmable ExpressKeys that allow you to instantly select application-specific keyboard shortcuts. Edit, rotate, review and save your projects without disrupting your natural workflow. Plus, display your current settings on screen using the Show Settings key. With the Cintiq 22HD, the commands you need are always at your fingertips.
*Articulating arm sold separately
System Requirements for Wacom Cintiq 22HD Tablet
- Platform: PC and Mac
- Hardware Requirements: Available DVI, available USB port, and CD/DVD drive
- Operating System: Windows 8, Windows 7, Vista, XP; Mac OSX 10.5.8 +
System Requirements for Painter X3
- Windows 8 (64-bit) or Windows 7 (32-bit and 64-bit) with latest Service Pack
- Intel Pentium 4, AMD Athlon 64 or AMD Opteron
- 450 MB hard disk space for application files*
- Mouse or tablet
- 1280 x 800 screen resolution
- DVD drive
- Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 or higher
* Additional space may be required for Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5
- Mac OS X 10.7, 10.8 or 10.9 (with latest revision)
- Intel Core 2 Duo
- 350 MB hard disk space for application files
- Mouse or tablet
- 1280 x 800 screen resolution
- DVD drive
- Safari v5 or higher


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The Ontario Media Development Corporation's International Financing Forum (IFF) is a feature film co-financing event at the Toronto International Film Festival®.
Canadian and international feature film producers are invited to apply to participate in IFF. Registration is free but competitive, with final selection based on the company's track record and the project's suitability.
Applications for the 2013 International Financing Forum will go online in the spring.
Copyright © Toronto International Film Festival Inc. 2014. All rights reserved.


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Records abound at Evercore
30 Jan 2013
The chief executive of Evercore Partners has hailed a near perfect fourth quarter for the US advisory firm, which turned in record revenues last year and which is looking to hire in 2013 while rivals cut back.
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Richmond >Food & Dining > D D 33 Asian Bistro
3601A Cox Rd, Richmond, VA | Directions 2323337.643104 -77.583485
Beautiful restaurant, excellent food – Dd33 must be a well kept secret as I'm always introducing friends and coworkers to the restaurant and it's not very well known. Beautiful restaurant with modern Asian artwork. I've been here for dinner several times and happy hour for the first time last week. Highly recommend their happy hour for drink specials and items not on their regular menu (must try the sliders!!).
Their miso sablefish was selected as one of the top 50 food finds by Richmond Magazine and it's one of my favorites. Very reasonable prices given the quality of the food.
Not worth the money – The restaurant is beautiful. We came in as a party of five and none of us were thrilled with our meal. We were referred by others who think the restaurant is good, so maybe it was just a bad day for them. The waitor dropped off our food and never came back and we were only 1 of 5 groups there. The appetizers are very small, even for 2 people. The entre was an ok size, however I found a long hair under my sandwich that obviously didn't come from me. Because the waitor wouldn't come back I had to call him over. I was very polite about it, asked if they could make me another (I had eaten about 1/3 of the sandwich) and wrap it to go because I was no longer hungry. He said sure and left. He brought me my sandwich covered in the chips which became soggy with the rest of the table's left overs. I was never apologized to, the manager never came over to say anything and I was not offered even a coupon, discount or anything. Will not return. Who wants hair in their food? I did notice that the men working in the kitchen were not wearing any type of hair net or hat. I can only hope they wash their hands.
Best Asian in Richmond – Very creative menu. We went on 2 occassions, once for dinner and once for lunch. We thoroughly enjoyed outr dinner. Ambiance is special. Service was excellent for dinner. Serving portion sizes are generous. Menu is pricey, but worth it. We went back for lunch. Service wasn't as good, and the food quality not as good - maybe it was b/c we got chicken, instead of steak/seafood/pork (which we had for dinner). The chicken was dark meat, so it was of lower quality. We expected more in this regard. We still would recommend - just don't get chicken.
Very impressed – My wife and I have been three times, twice for dinner, once for lunch. Two of the three times service was excellent and slow one time mainly due to the kitchen we think. We love the decor and the food no complaints and we have recommended it to at least a dozen friends. This is very much like a big city restaurant as you would find in Chicago but is really set up for smaller parties of people, say like no more than 6. Very initimate, great food. Two people with one non-exotic drink each is about $60 to $75 total. Very reasonable for this type of place. Definitely worth a try.
good ambience – Went because I have yet to find in Richmond (only been here a month) a restaurant with a hip atmosphere. This place had it. Very urban and intimate. If you are used to hip city establishments, this is a good choice. The service sucked. We had a gift certificate, and she actually TOLD us "I hate these because it automatically adds on 18% when people usually give me more." I was shocked at that statement which is why we did not offer an additional tip. Food was ok, drinks were ok. EVerything was average but good. IF you want a decent atmosphere, I'd say go.
Dd33 Asian Bistro – I've read such great reviews about Dd33 and was so excited to finally try it out. Our waiter was very nice, however the service was extremely slow. It took forever to get our drinks, which were very overpriced . I ordered the Tokyo Margarita which was very good, but like I said it was not worth $11. According to our waiter, there was a mix-up in the kitchen so our dinner took an extremely long time to come. We didn't even want to order more drinks while we waited for our slow dinner to come because they were all SO expensive. Anyway, when dinner came out, we were really not impressed like we thought we would be. My crusted-salmon (the special) was soggy, and the wasabi mashed potatoes were bland and cold. At that point we had been in the restaurant for so long that we decided just to just eat and run instead of asking for our food to be fixed...I mean at this point we had literally been in there almost 2 hours. Sorry but we won't be back to this place, it was a waste of a date night. For those prices, you can find MUCH better food and drinks around here, not to mention faster service. It's like a wanna-be trendy NYC restaurant gone wrong.
On a happy note, the appetizers were very good and prompt. We ordered the calamari, along with the Asian guacamole and wonton chips. Yummy!
Enjoyable adventure in Asian Fusion. – I have been to dd33 twice now once with a large group, sixteen, and once on a get Mom out of the house date. Both experiences were quite pleasent, although the group visit did seem to slow service a bit. I do want to add we had six children in the group, the waitress and kitchen did a nice job showing the kids the different dishes and explaining the flavors and spices. The kids ended up ordering a variety of appetizers to sample all the explanations they had received. Our food was excellent although there were a few grumbles from the group that the serving could have been a might bit larger. Bar drinks were also better than acceptable.
On the get Mom out the house visit the restaurant is much more suited for this type of visit, the atmosphere is romantic and the service is well done. The food is very interesting fusion of Asian and everything else on the planet, i.e. we enjoyed it quite a bit. Again the bar drinks are well mixed.
The one drawback I find is that the restaurant is a bit pricey. While my visit with Mom wasn't bad, the large group was more of an invoice than a dinner bill. Anyway a very nice dinning experience, just be aware it is not light on the wallet.
Editorial Review – West End restaurant serves Asian-fusion cuisine and specialty cocktails in a sleek, contemporary atmosphere.
Excellent asian fusion menu and a classy decor – I ate here in December 2006, about 2 months after it opened. Food was excellent as was the service. Everyone at my table enjoyed our food (Chili-coconut shrimp, Braised Korean style short ribs, Black Angus filet of beef). Only downside was that the drinks were a bit expensive, and my first one was kind of weak. Overall, a very good dining experience. Highly recommended.
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When setting up your research project, there are a range of networks that, if your study is eligible for inclusion into the UK Clinical Research Network (UK CRN) Portfolio, can assist with infrastructure requirements for the conduct of your study. This can range from research nurses, to pharmacy support to training.
By contacting a UK Clinical Research Network manager about your study, their links to other research managers, researchers and clinicians can assist in your study's recruitment and in involving other sites.


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Find a wide variety of onboard activities designed to be the life of your vacation.
Welcome to CelebrityLifeSM, an exciting and entertaining series of activities that redefine traditional onboard programming. We provide a vast array of choices that let your passions lead the way for you to dive into fun with an expansive onboard activities program. And we've created partnerships with some of the world's most well known companies to bring you the ultimate in onboard experiences. There's the fact that we're the first authorized Apple® reseller at sea. There's Riedel® and Smithsonian Journeys. Rosetta® Stone and The Corning Museum of Glass. OK. Maybe we're name-dropping. But wouldn't you?
With a list of exhilarating activities involving such renowned brands, there's something to please everyone.
Taste the promise of a delicious vacation.
If you have a passion for food, wine, and spirits-we have a menu of activities you're sure to love. Experience just how robust life at sea can be. Some of our sumptuous CelebrityLife culinary activities that await you include:
The art of hospitality is elevated to new levels at afternoon high tea, as a string quartet plays softly in the background. This soothing ritual, in one of our specialty restaurants, features white glove service and fine bone china. Offerings include Tea Forté® loose teas, espresso, lattes and cappuccino accompanied by tea afternoon Savories, pastries, fresh berries and freshly baked Scones served with imported Devon Cream.
Watch two of our chefs, with the assistance of two guests, showcase their culinary skills as they contend for the coveted best chef honors-at least for the day.
Learn how to master the perfect Mojito and other fabulously delicious concoctions.
Experience the new trend of "chef-inspired" bartending.
Join our Cellarmaster to learn, taste, and compare several wine varietals and styles.
Discover the difference the shape and quality a Riedel glass makes to the enjoyment of fine wine.
Learn the answers to your food and wine pairing questions in this educational workshop hosted by our Cellar Master.
Learn something now – and rediscover yourself.
If you're passionate about energizing your gray matter, while having fun, discover an assortment of activities designed to spark your intellectual curiosity. Some of our cleverly entertaining CelebrityLife enrichment activities that await you include:
Turn your vacation photos into an artistic masterpiece in our iPhoto® class-just one of 18 classes featuring MacBook Pro®, iPods®, iPads® and iLife® software.
Expand your scholarly horizons with exciting presentations from expert speakers. Available on every 2011 Mediterranean, Holy Land, Transatlantic, Antarctic, Bermuda and Panama Canal sailing.
Discover your hidden flair for the Salsa, Jive and other ballroom dances-and Hip Hop, too.
Perfect your naturally rolling "rrrrr"s while learning Spanish with the Rosetta Stone program. Or choose from a list of other languages you'd love to learn.
One of the coolest things at sea-the Hot Glass ShowSM. Witness the incredible art of glassblowing with an intimate demonstration.
Brought to you by our ships' officers, you'll learn amazing facts on topics ranging from energy generation and ship navigation to onboard recycling.
Conducted with great fanfare, our auctions offer original works from many well-known and up-and-coming artists. Sip champagne as you discover the next great realist or surrealist.
Get creative. The Art Studio, our new venue on The Lawn Club will be home base to two artists-in-residence who offer hands-on classes in many creative arts. Master Artists from The ArtCenter South Florida will host art classes, lectures and demonstrations on topics ranging from jewelry making to sketching to painting.
Revive your well being with serenity or vigor. Or both.
If you have a passion for all things "wellness," we've designed a collection of activities to rejuvenate you-inside and out. Some of the renewing Celebrity Life wellness activities that await you include:
These fun onboard activities are based on the best-selling book series from Rodale, Inc., publishers of Prevention, Men's Health, Women's Health and more. Their "Eat This, Not That!" has inspired us to create some new and engaging activities. Interactive trivia games plus cooking and mixology demonstrations are all designed to entertain as well as help you take control of your health and wellness through simple choices.
Get a great workout, while supporting the Lance Armstrong LIVESTRONG® Foundation in the fight against cancer. (Celebrity Solstice® Class ships only)
See how acupuncture can improve health and longevity by treating many ailments safely, effectively and painlessly.
Stretch your limits with an enlightening yoga session. Appropriate for all levels, focus on posture, movement and breathing techniques to relieve stress and strengthen muscles.
Learn about anti-aging solutions for both women and men during this introduction to MediSpa cosmetic treatments.
Combining a Pilates and meditation session into one, this class will strengthen core muscles and improve breathing and relaxation technique.
Find out how to lose more fat, increase your metabolism, reduce water retention and boost your energy.
Play up your vacation for all it's worth.
If you're passionate about having fun, we have an engaging arsenal of activities designed to tickle your funny bone and keep you on your toes to challenge your competitive spirit. Some of our ready-for-action CelebrityLife trivia and games that await you include:
Become the star you've always wanted to be. Choose from more than 1,700 songs and sing the night away with your fellow cruise stars.
Make a date with Lady Luck. Try your hand at Blackjack, poker and other casino games.
Have a blast challenging your knowledge of a wide variety of topics using our new electronic interactive trivia system. Activities range from Daily Trivia to full-on Game Shows & Trivia Tournaments.
Join a friendly pick-up game of Croquet or Bocce. Blongo or Baggo.
Try your hand at bowling, tennis, boxing, darts and more.
Brush up on your basketball, ping-pong and golf putting skills. Then join in for fun-filled tournaments.
Have fun in the water with pool volleyball, pool golf chipping and plenty more aquatic activities.


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The question receiving the most positive response was on whether Anniston City Schools should "partner with outside educational institutions (i.e. Jacksonville State University, Gadsden State Community College) for the purpose of improving operations."
A whopping 77 percent of respondents agreed.
Sixty-four percent agreed with "the creation of an independent advocate for" city schools "that would serve as a critical friend, fundraiser supreme and champion."
Along with these findings were deeply divided responses:
• 35 percent think the system should be shut down; 48 percent say no and the rest either don't know or didn't respond.
• Are district graduates prepared for success? 44 percent say yes and 36 percent say no.
• 42 percent say the district offers a quality education while 39 percent say it does not.
• Does the district have enough funding? 28 percent said yes, 52 percent said no and 20 percent didn't know or didn't respond.
Taken together, these responses and others point to a lack of trust among the city's residents. Some see a district that, if not soaring, is at least doing a better-than-average job. Others see a school system in crisis; more than one-third would prefer to see it shut down.
We've witnessed a similar division among school board members on matters of policy, so these poll results aren't surprising. It's a matter of trust. The poll, which was conducted on behalf of The Star this summer by JSU's Center for Economic Development, shows a majority of the city's residents are looking for help from outside the district and its bureaucracy.
Closer relationships between the Anniston district's students and JSU and Gadsden State seem like natural partnerships. All parties could benefit from closer ties.
Even more important would be an independent advocate who could, as the poll noted, "serve as a critical friend, fundraiser supreme and champion." All functions are vital for trust-building. The district has several foundations that generously provide it with supplemental funding. However, what's missing is a "critical friend" that can assess the district's shortcomings — a 65 percent graduation rate, a "failing" middle school and weak performance on standardized testing. The point wouldn't be to browbeat the district, but to suggest and promote solutions. We won't improve until we all recognize where we are.


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Mapping magnetic susceptibility anisotropies of white matter in vivo in the human brain at 7 T.
|Mapping magnetic susceptibility anisotropies of white matter in vivo in the human brain at 7 T.
|Publication Type
|Journal Article
|Year of Publication
|Li X, Vikram DS, Lim IAL, Jones CK, Farrell JAD, van Zijl PCM
|Date Published
|2012 Aug 1
High-resolution magnetic resonance phase- or frequency-shift images acquired at high field show contrast related to magnetic susceptibility differences between tissues. Such contrast varies with the orientation of the organ in the field, but the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has made it possible to reproducibly image the intrinsic tissue susceptibility contrast. However, recent studies indicate that magnetic susceptibility is anisotropic in brain white matter and, as such, needs to be described by a symmetric second-rank tensor( ̅χ). To fully determine the elements of this tensor, it would be necessary to acquire frequency data at six or more orientations. Assuming cylindrical symmetry of the susceptibility tensor in myelinated white matter fibers, we propose a simplified method to reconstruct the susceptibility tensor in terms of a mean magnetic susceptibility, MMS=(χ(//)+2 χ(⊥))/3 and a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, MSA=χ(//)-χ(⊥), where χ(//) and χ(⊥) are susceptibility parallel and perpendicular to the white matter fiber direction, respectively. Computer simulations show that with a practical head rotation angle of around 20°-30°, four head orientations suffice to reproducibly reconstruct the tensor with good accuracy. We tested this approach on whole brain 1 × 1 × 1 mm(3) frequency data acquired from five healthy subjects at 7 T. The frequency information from phase images collected at four head orientations was combined with the fiber direction information extracted from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to map the white matter susceptibility tensor. The MMS and MSA were quantified for regions in several large white matter fiber structures, including the corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation and corpus callosum. MMS ranged from -0.037 to -0.053 ppm (referenced to CSF being about zero). MSA values could be quantified without the need for a reference and ranged between 0.004 and 0.029 ppm, in line with the expectation that the susceptibility perpendicular to the fiber is more diamagnetic than the one parallel to it.
|Alternate Journal


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UI Element Guidelines: Menus
Menus present lists of items—commands, attributes, or states—from which the user can choose.
Users refer to menus frequently, especially when they are seeking a function for which they know of no other interface. Ensuring that menus are correctly organized, are worded clearly, and behave correctly is crucial to the user's ability to explore and access the functionality of your app.
Menus have a few different forms in the OS X interface:
A menu bar menu displays the current app's commands in the single menu bar at the top of the display. An app typically displays several menus in the menu bar (for an overview of the menu bar, see "All Apps Use the Single Menu Bar").
A Dock menu contains system-defined commands (such as Reveal in Finder and Keep in Dock) and, optionally, app-specific commands (such as New Window). To reveal a Dock menu, users Control-click or press and hold an app's Dock icon.
A contextual menu displays commands that are directly related to an item. To reveal a contextual menu, users Control-click an onscreen area or a selection.
You can see examples of these menu types in the TextEdit Edit menu, the Mail Dock menu, and a Finder contextual menu (from left to right).
There are also a few controls that display menus, such as pop-up menus, command pop-down menus, and pop-up icon buttons and bevel buttons. Many of the guidelines in this chapter also apply to these control menus because they share several characteristics with app menus. To learn how to use the controls themselves, see the control-specific sections in "UI Element Guidelines: Controls."
Menu Appearance and Behavior
At a minimum, a menu displays a list of menu items. Most menus also include a title that indicates the types of items that are in the list. In addition, menus can include some optional components, such as keyboard shortcut symbols, hierarchical menus (also known as submenus), toggled menu items, separators, icons, and symbols (such as the checkmark). For example, the TextEdit Edit menu includes a list of commands, a title ("Edit"), keyboard shortcuts, hierarchical menus, and separators that indicate different groups of items.
A menu bar menu might include examples of all of these components, but not all of them are suitable for every type of menu. For example, a contextual menu does not need a title because it is automatically related to the user's current selection. For guidelines on providing a contextual menu in your app, see "Designing Contextual Menus."
Menus are an example of the see-and-point paradigm: People identify what needs to be acted on and then specify the action by choosing a menu item.
To choose an item in a menu, the user reveals the menu and moves the pointer to the desired item. Each active menu item highlights as the pointer passes over it and opens its submenu (if it has one). No action happens until the user chooses an item. This behavior allows people to open and scan menus to find out what features are available without having to actually perform an action. When the user chooses a menu item, it blinks briefly to confirm the user's choice and then performs the action.
After the user opens a menu, it remains open until another action forces it to close. Such actions include:
Choosing an item in the menu
Moving the pointer to another menu title in the menu bar
Clicking outside of the menu
A system-initiated alert
A system-initiated app switch or quit
Titling Menus
In addition to the system-provided menus, such as File and Window, most apps provide a few app-specific menus to display in the menu bar so that users have access to useful commands. Users choose which menu to open based on the menu's title, so it's important to make your menu titles accurate and informative. Note that contextual and Dock menus don't need titles because users open these menus after focusing on a selection or an area in a window or by choosing an app in the Dock.
Follow these guidelines as you create titles for your menus.
Use menu titles that accurately represent the items in the menu. Users should be able to use a menu's title to predict the types of items they'll find in the menu. For example, users would expect a Font menu to contain names of font families, such as Helvetica and Geneva, but they wouldn't expect it to include editing commands, such as Cut and Paste.
Make menu titles as short as possible without sacrificing clarity. One-word menu titles are best because they take up very little space in the menu bar and they're easy for users to scan.
Avoid using an icon for a menu title. You don't want users to confuse a menu-title icon with a menu bar extra. Also, it's not acceptable to mix text and icons in menu bar menu titles.
Ensure that a menu's title is undimmed even when all of the menu's commands are unavailable. Users should always be able to view a menu's contents, whether or not they are currently available. Ensuring that your menu items are always visible (even when they are not available) helps users learn what they can do in your app.
Naming Menu Items
As with menu titles, it's important to choose menu item names that are accurate and informative so that users can predict the result of choosing an item.
Menu item names describe actions that are performed on an object or attributes that are applied to an object. Specifically:
Actions are verbs or verb phrases that declare the action that occurs when the user chooses the item. For example, Print means print my document and Copy means copy my selection.
Attributes are adjectives or adjective phrases that describe the change the command implements. Adjectives in menus imply an action and they can often fit into the sentence "Change the selected object to …" —for example, Bold or Italic.
Follow these guidelines as you create menu items.
In general, avoid including definite or indefinite articles in the menu item name. Including an article is rarely necessary because the user has already made a selection or entered a context to which the command applies. Good examples are "Add Account" instead of "Add an Account" and "Hide Toolbar" instead of "Hide the Toolbar." Be sure that you use this style consistently in all your menu item names.
Use an ellipsis to show users that further action is required to complete the command. The ellipsis character (…) means that a dialog or a separate window will open in which users need to make additional choices or supply additional information in order to complete the action. For details on when to use an ellipsis in menu items, see "Using the Ellipsis Character."
Use title-style capitalization for menu item names. For more information on this style, see "Capitalizing Labels and Text."
If appropriate, define a keyboard shortcut for a frequently used menu item. A keyboard shortcut, such as Command-C for Copy, can make common tasks easier for sophisticated users. Before you create a keyboard shortcut for a custom menu item, be sure to read the guidelines in "Creating New Keyboard Shortcuts."
Dim unavailable menu items. When a menu item is dimmed (that is, gray), it helps users understand that the item is unavailable because, for example, it doesn't apply to the selected object or in the current context. A dimmed menu item does not highlight when the user moves the pointer over it.
Grouping Items in Menus
Arranging menu items in logical groups makes it easy for users to quickly locate commands for related tasks. The guidelines in this section can help you list menu items in ways that make sense to users.
In general, place the most frequently used items at the top of the menu. The top of the menu tends to be the most visible part of the menu because users often see it first. At the same time, you should avoid arranging all of a menu's items strictly by frequency of use. A better strategy is to create groups of related items and place the more frequently used groups above the less frequently used groups. For example, although the Find Next (or Find Again) command might be used infrequently, it should appear right below the Find command.
Avoid combining actions and attributes in the same group. Users tend to view choosing an action differently from choosing an attribute to apply to a selection, so it's best to put these items in different groups.
Group interdependent attributes. Users expect to find related attributes in the same group. Attributes can be in a mutually exclusive attribute group (the user can select only one item, such as font size) or an accumulating attribute group (the user can select multiple items, such as Bold and Italic).
Group the commands that act upon a smart container. If your app allows the creation of smart data groups or containers, such as a smart folder in the Finder, group all commands related to the smart group in the same menu. Doing this makes it easy for users to find the commands for creating, modifying, and destroying a smart group.
Look for opportunities to consolidate related menu items. If a menu repeats a term more than twice, consider dedicating a separate menu (or submenu) to the term. For example, if you need commands like Show Info, Show Colors, Show Layers, Show Toolbox, and so on, you could create a Show menu or a Show item that includes a submenu.
As much as possible, create the "right" number of groups. The number of groups to use is partly an aesthetic decision and partly a usability decision. For example, the leftmost menu shown below depicts a good balance of grouping, contrasted with the menus in the middle and on the right, which show too much grouping and insufficient grouping, respectively. Use this picture as a visual guide when trying to decide how many groups to use in your menus.
In general, avoid creating very long menus. Long menus are difficult for users to scan and can be overwhelming. If you find that there are too many items in a single menu, try redistributing them; you might find that some of the items fit more naturally in other menus or that you need to create a new menu. You can also consider creating submenus for some related sets of items, but this isn't appropriate in all cases; for some guidance on creating a submenu, see "Creating Hierarchical Menus."
Note that in some menus, users might add enough items to make the menu very long. For example, the Safari History menu can grow very long, depending on how many websites users visit. In some cases, a long menu can become a scrolling menu, which displays a downward-pointing arrow at the bottom edge. Scrolling menus should exist only when users add many items to a customizable menu or when the menu's function causes it to have items added to it (such as an app's Window menu). You should not intentionally design a scrolling menu.
Providing Dynamic Menu Items
A dynamic menu item is a command that changes when the user presses a modifier key. For example, when the user opens the Window menu in the Finder and then presses the Option key, the Minimize and Zoom menu items change.
You can define dynamic menu items using Interface Builder. To define dynamic menu items in code, you can use the
setAlternate: method of
NSMenuItem to designate one menu item as the alternate of another.
Follow these guidelines if you decide to use dynamic menu items in your app.
Avoid making a dynamic menu item the only way to accomplish a task. Because dynamic menu items are hidden by default, they can be an appropriate way to offer a shortcut to sophisticated users. In particular, be sure that you don't require users to discover a dynamic menu item before they can use your app effectively. For example, a user who hasn't discovered the Minimize All dynamic menu item in the Finder Window menu (shown above) can still minimize all open Finder windows by minimizing each one individually.
Although you can enable dynamic menu items in a contextual or Dock menu, you should probably consider such items to be doubly hard for users to discover. As with app menus, make sure that the functionality of the contextual or Dock menu does not depend on the discovery of dynamic menu items.
Require only a single modifier key to reveal the dynamic menu items in a menu. Users are apt to find it physically awkward to press more than one key while simultaneously opening and choosing a menu item. Also, requiring more than one additional key press greatly decreases the user's chances of discovering the dynamic menu items.
Providing Toggled Menu Items
A toggled menu item changes between two states each time a user chooses it. There are three types of toggled menu items:
A set of two menu items that indicate opposite states or actions; for example, Grid On and Grid Off. The menu item currently in effect can be identified by a checkmark or by being inactive.
One menu item whose name changes to reflect the current state; for example, Show Ruler and Hide Ruler.
A menu item that has a checkmark next to it when it is in effect; for example, a style attribute such as Bold.
Toggled menu items can be convenient, but they are rarely necessary. If you want to use toggled menu items in your app, use the following guidelines to make sure that they provide value to users.
Display both items in a set, if you have room in your menu. When users can see both states or actions at the same time, there's less chance of confusion about each item's effect. For example, the Mailbox menu in Mail includes both the Take All Accounts Online and Take All Accounts Offline items. When the user's accounts are online, only the Take All Accounts Offline menu item is available, which leaves no doubt about the effect of this action.
Use a changeable menu item name if there isn't enough room to show both items. You might also choose to use this type of toggled menu item if you're confident that users will reopen the menu and see the opposite item. The best way to make sure that the command names are completely unambiguous is to use two verbs that express opposite actions.
For example, the commands Turn Grid On and Turn Grid Off are unambiguous. By contrast, it's unclear what the opposite of the command Use Grid might be. Some users might expect the opposite command to be Don't Use Grid, because they interpret the command as an action. Other users might expect to see a checkmark next to Use Grid after choosing the command, because they interpret Use Grid as a description of the current state.
For example, Mail uses changeable toggled menu items in the View menu to allow users to show or hide features such as the mailbox list and toolbar.
Use a checkmark when the toggled items represents an attribute that is currently in effect. It's easy for users to scan for checkmarks in a list of attributes to find the ones that are in effect. For example, in the Mail Format menu, users can see at a glance which styles have been applied to the selected text.
Don't use a checkmark when the toggled item indicates the presence or absence of a feature. In such a case, users can't be sure whether the checkmark means that the feature is currently in effect or that choosing the command turns the feature on.
Using Icons in Menus
Sometimes, displaying icons in menus can help users recognize menu items and relate them to other items they know about. As with all icons, you need to make sure that using them does not add confusion or ambiguity. Follow the guidelines in this section if you decide to use icons in your menus.
Don't use an icon without any text. Even if you use an icon you think all users will recognize, it's best to reinforce the icon's meaning by including a textual menu item name.
Use only familiar icons. You can use icons in menu items if the icon is something the user can learn to associate with specific functionality in your app or if the icon represents something unique. For example, the Finder uses icons in the Go menu because users can associate them with the icons they see in the sidebar.
In another example, Safari uses the icons displayed by some webpages to help users make the connection between the webpage and the menu item for that webpage.
Avoid displaying an icon for every menu item. If you include icons in your menus, include them only for menu items for which they add significant value. A menu that includes too many icons (or poorly designed ones) can appear cluttered and be hard to read.
Using Symbols in Menus
There are a few standard symbols you can use to provide additional information in menus. These symbols are used consistently throughout OS X, so users are accustomed to their meaning.
Table 6-1 lists the standard symbols and what they mean.
In the Window menu, the active document; in other menus, a setting that applies to the entire selection
A setting that applies to only part of the selection
A window with unsaved changes (typically, when Auto Save is not available)
In the Window menu, a document that is currently minimized in the Dock
To use symbols appropriately in your menus, follow these guidelines.
Avoid using custom symbols in a menu. If you use other, arbitrary symbols in menus, users are unlikely to know what they mean. Also, additional symbols tend to add visual clutter.
Use a checkmark to indicate that something is currently active. In an app's Window menu, a checkmark appears next to the active window's name. In other menus, a checkmark can indicate that a setting applies to the entire selection. As described in "Providing Toggled Menu Items," you can use checkmarks within mutually exclusive attribute groups (the user can select only one item in the group, such as font size) or accumulating attribute groups (more than one item can be selected at once, such as Bold and Italic).
Use a dash to indicate that an attribute applies to only part of the selection. For example, if the selected text has two styles applied to it, you can put a dash next to each style name. Or, you can display a checkmark to every style currently in effect. When it's appropriate, you can combine checkmarks and dashes in the same menu.
As much as possible, use a dot only when Auto Save is not available. When you support Auto Save, users should not have to be aware of the saved state of their documents. However, you might need to display a dot if, for example, the user's disk is full and Auto Save can't complete. For more information about supporting Auto Save in your app, see "Auto Save and Versions."
Allow the diamond and the checkmark to replace the dot (if it is used). A minimized document with unsaved changes should have a diamond only. If the active window has unsaved changes, the checkmark should override the dot in the Window menu.
Use actual text styles only in a Style menu. If you have a Style menu, you can display menu items in the actual styles that are available, so that users can see what effect the menu item has. Don't use text styles in menus other than a Style menu. Also, it would not make sense to apply a list or indentation style to a menu item.
Creating Hierarchical Menus
A hierarchical menu (also called a submenu) contains a set of choices that are related to a menu item without increasing the length of the menu. A menu item that contains a submenu, such as the Find menu item in the Mail Edit menu, displays the submenu indicator to show users that there are additional choices. It's easy for users to discover the existence of submenus because they open automatically when the pointer passes over the menu item.
Submenus can have all the features of menus, including keyboard shortcuts, status markers (such as checkmarks), and so on. If you use submenus in your app, follow these guidelines.
Ensure that a submenu's title is undimmed even when all its commands are unavailable. As with menu titles, it's important for users to be able to view a submenu's contents, even if none of them are available in the current context.
Use submenus cautiously. Submenus add complexity to the interface and are physically more difficult to use, so you should take care not to overuse them. In general, it's appropriate to use submenus when you have sets of closely related commands (or alternative ways to perform one type of command, such as Find) and when you need to save space.
As much as possible, use only one level of submenus. A submenu that contains other submenus can be very difficult for users to use. Also, if a submenu contains more than five items, consider giving it its own menu.
Title a submenu so that it accurately describes the items it contains. Make sure the a submenu's contents have a logical relationship with the submenu title. For example, the Mark menu item in the Mail Message menu reveals a submenu that allows users to mark a message in different ways, such as junk or high priority. In general, hierarchical menus work best for providing submenus of attributes (rather than actions).
Always use a hierarchical menu instead of indenting menu items. Indentation does not express the interrelationships among menu items as clearly as a submenu does.
Designing Menus for the Menu Bar
The single menu bar at the top of the main display screen provides a home for the top-level menus in your app. In addition to the system-provided and user-assigned items (described in "All Apps Use the Single Menu Bar"), you determine the menus that appear in the menu bar. For some guidance on how to arrange your app-specific menus, see "Make Your App Easy to Use."
The following sections provide guidelines that help you choose which menus you need and which menu items you should include.
The Apple Menu
The Apple menu provides items that are available to users at all times, regardless of which app is active. The Apple menu's contents are defined by the system and can't be modified by users or developers.
The App Menu
The app menu contains items that apply to the app as a whole rather than to a specific document or other window. To help users identify the active app, the app menu title (which is the app's name) is displayed in a bold font in the menu bar.
If possible, use one word for the app menu title. Using a short name helps make room for the rest of your app's menus. If your app's name is too long, provide a short name that's about 16 characters or fewer. If you don't provide a short name, the system might truncate the name from the end and add an ellipsis when the name is displayed in the menu bar.
Don't include the app version number in the name. Version information belongs in the About window.
The app menu contains the following standard menu items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
About AppName
Opens the About window, which contains the app's copyright information and version number.
To learn more about About windows, see "About Windows."
Opens a preferences window for your app.
To learn about defining preferences for your app, see "Preferences."
Displays a submenu of services that are available in the current context.
For more information on providing and using services, see "Services."
Hide AppName
Hides all of the windows of the currently running app and brings the most recently used app to the foreground.
Hide Others
Hides the windows of all the other apps currently running.
Show All
Shows all windows of all currently running apps.
Quit AppName
Quits the app.
Use the short app name in menu items that display it. If you supplied a short app name, use it in the About, Hide, and Quit menu items.
Put a separator between the About item and the Preferences item. These two commands are very different and should be in different groups. Note that if your app provides document-specific preferences, you should make them available in the File menu (described in "The File Menu").
In general, place the Preferences menu item before any app-specific items. For example, Mail places its app-specific Provide Mail Feedback item after Preferences. You can add a separator between Preferences and your app-specific items if it makes sense (for advice on grouping menu items, see "Grouping Items in Menus").
Don't include a Help menu item with other app-specific items. All app help items belong in the Help menu (described in "The Help Menu").
Place the Quit menu item last. Precede the Quit item with a separator and don't combine it with any other items. For a discussion about some ways to think about the need for a Quit command in your app, see "Avoid Burdening Users with App-Management Tasks."
The File Menu
In general, each command in the File menu applies to a single file (most commonly, a user-created document).
If your app is not document-based, you can rename the File menu to something more appropriate or eliminate it.
The File menu includes the following standard menu items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
Opens a new document.
For more information about naming new document windows, see "Naming New Windows."
Displays a dialog for choosing an existing document to open. (Note that in the Finder, the Open command is not followed by an ellipsis character because the user performs navigation and document selection before selecting the Open command.)
For more information, see "The Open Dialog."
Open Recent
Opens a submenu that displays a list of the most recently opened documents. (Note that the Apple menu provides the ability to open recent documents and apps in the Recent Items menu item.)
Closes the active window.
When the user presses the Option key, Close changes to Close All. The keyboard shortcuts Command-W and Command-Option-W should implement the Close and Close All commands, respectively.
Close File
Closes a file and all its associated windows.
Typically used in file-based apps that support multiple views of the same file.
Displays the Save dialog, in which users provide a name and location for their content.
The Save command can become the Save a Version command after users have provided a name and location for their content. (For more information about the Save dialog, see "Save Dialogs.")
Duplicates the current document, leaving both documents open.
Save As...
Legacy command. In document-based apps, this functionality is provided by the Duplicate command instead.
Export As...
Displays the Save dialog, in which the user can save a copy of the active file in a format your app does not handle.
After the user completes an Export As command, the original file remains open so that the user can continue working in the current format; the exported file does not automatically open.
Save All
Saves changes to all open files.
Revert to Saved
Displays all available versions of the document in the version browser (when Auto Save is enabled). Users choose a version to restore and the current version of the document is replaced by the restored version.
Opens the standard Print dialog, which allows users to print to a printer, to send a fax, or to save as a PDF file.
For more information, see "The Print and Page Setup Dialogs."
Page Setup...
Opens a dialog for specifying printing parameters such as paper size and printing orientation (these parameters are saved with the document).
In the Open Recent command, display document names only. In particular, don't display file paths. Users have their own ways of keeping track of which documents are which and file paths are inappropriate to display unless specifically requested by the user.
Use the Save command to give users the opportunity to specify a name and a location for their content. As much as possible, you want to help users separate the notion of saving their work from the task of giving it a name and location. Above all, you want users to feel comfortable with the fact that their work is safe even when they don't choose File > Save. To learn more about how to free users from frequently using the Save command to save their work, see "Auto Save and Versions."
Use the Duplicate command to replace the Save As and Export As commands. Many users are confused by the Save As and Export As experiences because the relationship between the two document versions isn't always obvious. The Duplicate command shows users precisely where the document copy comes from (it emerges from the original) and indicates which version is which (the copy includes Copy in its title). In addition, the Duplicate command leaves both document versions open, giving users control over which document they want to work in.
If you provide document-specific preferences items, place them above printing commands. Also, be sure to give your document-specific preferences a unique name, such as Page Setup, rather than Preferences. Note that the Preferences and Quit commands, which apply to the app as a whole, are in the app menu.
Avoid providing multiple Save As Format commands. If necessary, you can instead use the Format pop-up menu in the Save dialog to give the user a selection of file formats. For example, the Format pop-up menu in Preview's Save dialog allows a user to specify many different formats, such as TIFF, PNG, and JPG.
If you need to allow users to continue working on the active document, but save a copy of the document in a format your app doesn't handle, you can provide an Export As command.
Avoid providing Save a Copy or Save To commands. The functionality that users associate with these commands is provided by the Duplicate command.
The Edit Menu
The Edit menu provides commands that allow people to change (that is, edit) the contents of documents and other text containers, such as fields. It also provides commands that allow people to share data, within and between apps, via the Clipboard.
Even if your app doesn't handle text editing within its documents, the expected Edit commands should be available for use in dialogs and wherever users can edit text.
The Edit menu includes the following standard menu items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
Reverses the effect of the user's previous operation.
Reverses the effect of the last Undo command.
Removes the selected data and stores it on the Clipboard, replacing the previous contents of the Clipboard.
Makes a duplicate of the selected data, which is stored on the Clipboard.
Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point.
The Clipboard contents remain unchanged, permitting the user to choose Paste multiple times.
Paste and Match Style
Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point, matching the style of the inserted text to the surrounding text.
Removes selected data without storing the selection on the Clipboard.
Select All
Highlights every object in the document or window, or all characters in a text field.
Opens an interface for finding items.
Find Next
Performs the last Find operation again.
Performs a spell-check of the selected text and opens an interface in which users can correct the spelling, view suggested spellings, and find other misspelled words.
Displays a submenu containing the Start Speaking and Stop Speaking commands.
Users choose this command to hear any app text spoken aloud by the system.
Special Characters...
Displays the Special Characters window, which allows users to input characters from any character set supported by OS X into text entry fields. This menu item is automatically inserted at the bottom of the Edit menu.
As much as possible, support undo and redo functionality. In particular, you should support the Undo command for:
Operations that change the contents of a document
Operations that require a lot of effort to re-create
Most menu items
Most keyboard input
It might not be possible to support undo for every operation users can perform in your app. For example, selecting, scrolling, splitting a window, and changing a window's size and location aren't necessarily undoable.
Let the user know when Undo isn't possible. If the last operation can't be reversed, change the command to Can't Undo and display it dimmed to help the user understand that the action isn't available.
If a user attempts to perform an operation that could have a detrimental effect on data and that can't be undone, warn the user (for more information on how to do this, see "Alerts").
Add the name of the last undo or redo operation to the Undo and Redo commands, respectively. If the last operation was a menu command, add the command name. For example, if the user has just input some text, the Undo command could read Undo Typing. If the user chooses Undo Typing, the Redo command should then read Redo Typing and the Undo command should include the name of the operation the user performed before typing.
Don't change the Delete menu item name. Choosing Delete is the equivalent of pressing the Delete key or the Clear key. Use Delete as the menu command, not Clear or Erase or anything else.
Determine the best placement for the Find command. For example, the Find command could be in the File menu, instead of the Edit menu, if the object of the search is files. When appropriate, your app should also contain a Find/Replace command. For more information about providing find functionality, see "Find Windows."
Provide a Find submenu, if appropriate. You might want to include a Find submenu if find is important functionality in your app. Typically, a Find submenu contains Find (Command-F), Find Next (Command-G), Find Previous (Shift-Command-G), Use Selection for Find (Command-E), and Jump to Selection (Command-J). If you include a Find submenu, the Find menu item name should not include an ellipsis character.
Group Find Next with Find. Whether you place the Find command in the File menu or the Edit menu, this item should be grouped with the Find command because users think of them together.
Provide a Spelling submenu, if appropriate. If your app provides multiple spelling-related commands, you might want to include a Spelling submenu that contains Check Spelling (Command-;) and Check Spelling as You Type commands. If you include a Spelling submenu, the Spelling menu item name should not include an ellipsis character.
The Format Menu
If your app provides functions for formatting text, you can include a Format menu as a top-level menu or as a submenu of the Edit menu. It might be appropriate to group some items that are in the Format menu into submenus, such as Font, Text, or Style.
The Format menu includes the following standard menu items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
Show Fonts
Displays the Fonts window.
The Show Fonts menu item should be displayed first in the Format menu.
Show Colors
Displays the Colors window.
Boldfaces the selected text or toggles boldfaced text on and off.
Italicizes the selected text or toggles italic text on and off.
Underlines the selected text or toggles underlined text on and off.
Shift-Command–equal sign
Causes the selected item to increase in size in defined increments.
Causes the selected item to decrease in size in defined increments.
Copy Style
Copies the style—font, color, and size for text—of the selected item.
Paste Style
Applies the style of one object to the selected object.
Align Left
Left-aligns a selection.
Center-aligns a selection.
Evenly spaces a selection.
Align Right
Right-aligns a selection.
Show Ruler
Displays a formatting ruler.
Copy Ruler
Copies formatting settings such as tabs and alignment for a selection to apply to a another selection and stores them on the Clipboard.
Paste Ruler
Applies formatting settings (that have been saved to the Clipboard) to the selected object.
The View Menu
The View menu provides commands that affect how users see a window's content; it does not provide commands to select specific document windows to view or to manage a specific document window. Commands to organize, select, and manage windows are in the Window menu (described in "The Window Menu").
The View includes the following standard menu items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
Show/Hide Toolbar
Shows or hides a toolbar.
Customize Toolbar...
Opens a dialog that allows the user to customize which items are present in the toolbar.
Enter Full Screen
Opens the window at full-screen size in a new space. Available when the app supports full-screen windows.
Include the View menu if a window can go full screen or if it contains a toolbar. Create a View menu for these commands even if your app doesn't need to have other commands in the View menu. Note that the Enter Full Screen command toggles with the Exit Full Screen command.
Avoid using the View menu to display panels (such as tool palettes). Use the Window menu to display open windows and panels instead.
Implement the Show/Hide Toolbar command as a dynamic toggled menu item. If the toolbar is currently visible, the menu item says Hide Toolbar. If the toolbar is not visible, it says Show Toolbar.
App-Specific Menus
You can add your own app-specific menus as appropriate. These menus should be between the View menu and the Window menu. For example, the Safari-specific History and Bookmarks menus appear between the View and Window menus.
The Window Menu
The Window menu contains commands for organizing and managing an app's windows.
Other than Minimize and Zoom (discussed below), the Window menu does not contain commands that affect the way a user views a window's contents. The View menu (described in "The View Menu") contains all commands that adjust how a user views a window's contents.
The Window menu includes the following standard items, listed in the order in which they should appear:
Menu item
Keyboard shortcut
Minimizes the active window to the Dock.
Minimize All
Minimizes all the windows of the active app to the Dock.
Toggles between a predefined size appropriate to the window's content and the window size the user has set.
Bring All to Front
Brings forward all of an app's open windows, maintaining their onscreen location, size, and layering order. (This should happen when the user clicks the app icon in the Dock.)
Note that this item can be an Option-enabled toggle with Arrange in Front.
Arrange in Front
Brings forward all of the app's windows in their current layering order and changes their location and size so that they are neatly tiled.
Note that this item can be an Option-enabled toggle with Bring All to Front.
The following guidelines help you provide a Window menu that helps users organize windows in your app.
List open windows appropriately. The Window menu should list your app's open windows (including minimized windows) in the order in which they were opened, with the most recently opened window first. If a document contains unsaved changes, a dot can appear next to its name.
Avoid listing open panels in the Window menu. You can, however, add a command to the Window menu to show or hide panels in your app. (For more information about panels, see "Panels.")
Include a Window menu for the Minimize and Zoom commands. Even if your app consists of only one window, you should provide the Minimize and Zoom commands so that people using full keyboard access can implement these functions with the keyboard.
Use the correct order for items in the Window menu. Specifically, items should appear in this order:
A separator
App-specific window commands
A separator
Bring All to Front (optional)
A separator
A list of open windows
Note that the Close command should appear in the File menu, below the Open command (see "The File Menu").
Avoid using Zoom to expand the window to the full screen size. Users expect Zoom to toggle the window between two useful sizes. For more information about implementing zoom, see "Resizing and Zooming Windows."
The Help Menu
If your app provides onscreen help, the Help menu should be the rightmost menu of your app's menus.
If you have registered your help book, the system provides the Spotlight For Help search field as the first item in the menu (for information on how to register your help book, see Apple Help Programming Guide).
The next menu item is AppName Help, which opens Help Viewer to the first page of your app's help book. For some guidelines on creating useful help content, see "User Assistance."
As much as possible, display only one custom item in the Help menu. That is, it's best to display only the AppName Help item. If you do have more items, display them below this item. If you have additional items that are unrelated to help content, such as arbitrary website links, registration information, or release notes, link to these within your help book instead of listing them as separate items in the Help menu.
Avoid using the Help menu as a table of contents for your help book. When users choose the AppName Help item, they can see the sections in your help book in the Help Viewer window. If you choose to provide additional links into your help content within the Help menu, be sure they are distinct.
Menu Bar Extras
As described in "All Apps Use the Single Menu Bar," users decide to place menu bar extras in the menu bar. Typically, users decide to hide or show a menu bar extra by changing a setting in the appropriate preferences pane.
If there is not enough room in the menu bar to display all menus, OS X automatically removes menu bar extras to make room for app menus, which take precedence. Similarly, if there are too many menu bar extras, OS X may remove some of them to avoid crowding app menus.
Don't rely on the presence of menu bar extras. The system might change which menu bar extras are visible, and you can't be sure which menu bar extras users have chosen to show or hide.
Avoid creating a popover that emerges from a menu bar extra. Popovers emerge from controls and specific window areas (for guidelines on how to use a popover in your app, see "Popovers"). A menu bar extra can open a menu, such as the Keyboard & Character Viewer menu.
Consider alternatives to creating a menu bar extra. For example, you can use the Dock menu functions to open a menu from your app's icon in the Dock. For some guidelines on how to create a Dock menu, see "Designing a Dock Menu."
Designing Contextual Menus
A contextual menu provides convenient access to often-used commands associated with an item. You can think of a contextual menu as a shortcut to a small set of commands that make sense in the context of the current task. An object or selection can display a contextual menu when the user Control-clicks the object or selection.
For example, Control-clicking a document icon displays a contextual menu that allows users to perform several file-specific Finder actions.
Control-clicking a text selection displays a different contextual menu and one that is focused on text-specific actions. For example, the contextual menu displayed when users Control-click a text selection in a TextEdit document lists commands that allow them to change the font or check the spelling of the text.
If appropriate, use an Action menu to make contextual menu functionality easier to access. You can use an Action menu to provide an app-wide contextual menu control in a toolbar. For example, the Finder provides an Action menu toolbar control that allows users to get the same commands that are displayed in a contextual menu for the selected item. For some guidelines on how to use an Action menu, see "Action Menu."
Include only the most commonly used commands that are appropriate in the current context. For example, Edit menu commands should appear in the contextual menu for highlighted text, but a Save or a Print command should not.
Use caution when adding a submenu to a contextual menu. Although you don't want a contextual menu to grow too long (too-long contextual menus display the scrolling indicator and scroll like standard menus), you also don't want to make them hard to use. Sometimes, users can find it difficult to maneuver the pointer so that the submenu stays open. If you decide to add submenus to your contextual menu, be sure to keep them to one level.
Don't set a default item in a contextual menu. If the user opens the menu and closes it without selecting anything, no action should occur.
Always ensure that contextual menu items are also available as menu commands. A contextual menu is hidden by default and a user might not know it exists, so it should never be the only way to access a command. In particular, you should not use a contextual menu as the only way to access an advanced or power-user feature.
Don't display keyboard shortcuts in a contextual menu. A contextual menu is a shortcut to a set of task-specific commands, so it's redundant to display the keyboard shortcuts for those commands. Note that you should continue to display keyboard shortcuts in your app menus, as described in "Designing Menus for the Menu Bar."
Designing a Dock Menu
When users Control-click a running app's Dock icon, a customizable Dock menu appears. By default, this menu displays the same items as the minimal Dock menu that is displayed when users press and hold the Dock icon (for more information about different styles of Dock menus, see "The Dock"). In addition, this menu can contain app-specific items, such as the playback-focused commands in the customized iTunes Dock menu.
The custom items that you add appear in the Dock menu only when your app is open and the user Control-clicks the Dock icon. You might consider adding items such as:
Common commands to initiate actions in your app when it is not frontmost
Commands that are applicable when there is no open document window
Status and informational text
For example, Mail provides commands to initiate a new message or to check for new messages. To learn how to customize the Dock menu for your app, see Dock Tile Programming Guide.
Be sure that all Dock menu commands are also available in your app's menus. Users might not know about the Dock menu, so it should not be the only way to do something.
Place your app-specific items above the standard Dock menu items. Users should always know where to look for the system-provided Dock menu commands.
Copyright © 1992, 2001-2003, 2013 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2013-10-22


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How to Apply
Program Requirements
Financial Aid
Course Descriptions
Wisconsin Administrative Standards
Superintendent Handbook
Mission and Vision
Academic Honesty Policy
Master of Arts in Education
Iowa Licensure and Endorsement Programs
Wisconsin Licensure and Certification Programs
Graduate Catalog
Affordable Tuition Rates
Viterbo students are expected to follow a policy of academic honesty. The willful violation of these standards will result in actions being taken against students who are caught engaging in such unethical conduct.
Violations of that integrity may include cheating, plagiarism, falsification of information, and other similar or related conduct.
Cheating includes but may not be limited to:
Plagiarism includes but may not be limited to the intentional use of another person's work, words, or ideas as your own without acknowledging the source in order to gain improperly from the use of the source. Some ideas have such wide currency that all may use them freely; some words (cliches and proverbs) are public property. However, when a writer intentionally borrows from another, that borrowing must be acknowledged in an internal reference, indicating the source (author and title, as fitting) and following the appropriate conventions for such citations, as stipulated by the authoritative body of scholarship within a discipline of study.
Specific examples of plagiarism include but may not be limited to:
Methods of documenting sources vary from one academic and professional discipline to another. Therefore, students should consult with faculty about the standards for documentation in a class. Faculty should also be aware of these variations and should explicitly identify the system of documentation that they wish their students to follow and a specific source for such documentation standards.
Falsification is the intentional deception of the members of the academic community by inventing or creating information, intentionally falsifying the information in references, or inventing and creating the illusion of having personally acquired or mastered information for the purpose of gaining an unfair, unethical advantage in academic work.
Falsification includes but may not be limited to:
The right to assign and determine the severity of penalties for any breach of academic honesty is reserved exclusively with Viterbo University.
Initially, it is the prerogative of the individual faculty member to assign and determine the severity of discipline. This policy assumes that the student and faculty member involved in such an incident will meet to resolve the problem before the formal process described in this policy should begin. However, any discipline, which includes university-wide probation, suspension, or dismissal, is the prerogative of the Academic Vice President in consultation with the Vice President for Student Development.
Penalties may vary depending upon the seriousness, degree or frequency or any other factor Viterbo deems appropriate to consider. These penalties include but are not limited to:
For all proven breaches of academic honesty, within one week of proof of the violation of this policy, the faculty member shall send a written, signed description of the incident with full identification of the student to the Academic Vice President who in turn within one week of receipt of the faculty member's correspondence will send one copy to the student by registered mail.
For any violations, which may result in program and/or university-wide academic probation, suspension or dismissal, the student, the instructor and the Academic Vice President shall meet within ten days of the instructor's decision. At this meeting, after fully examining the circumstances of the incident, the Academic Vice President may exercise any of the options listed in this policy.
Students may appeal any final decision concerning a penalty for breach of academic honesty to the Arbitration Committee as described in the Viterbo University Student Handbook. Such an appeal must be filed in writing to the Academic Vice President within ten days of the decision. All records and correspondence in such cases will be kept in the office files of the Academic Vice President for the term of a student's enrollment at the university until graduation or until the student leaves Viterbo. Such information will not be part of a student's permanent Viterbo record.


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THORNBURY - Thornbury BIA members continue to push forward toward a fresh start, participating in visioning sessions led by Cheryl Brine of Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
Brine encouraged members present - mostly Thornbury business owners, but also some representatives from Clarksburg and beyond the BIA boundaries - to think of a new vision statement for the Thornbury BIA.
Over the course of two sessions last week - BIA members were brainstorming ideas for opportunities and strengths as well as identifying potential weaknesses and threats.
Some of the bigger issues that came forward revolved around boundaries, levies and partnerships.
Some members of the BIA think the current boundaries should be expanded to match the downtown boundaries identified in the Community Improvement Plan.
Some believed the levy should be increased to facilitate hiring a staff person for administrative and communication work.
All thought partnerships between the BIA and other groups within the town, including the Village Association, Clarksburg business group and municipal staff, would ensure the sustainability of Thornbury BIA.
The next BIA visioning sessions are coming up on Wednesday, November 21 from 6 - 8 p.m. and Thursday, November 22 from 7 to 9 a.m. at the town hall.
For more information, visit thebluemountains.ca.


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The median home value in Tuckerton, NJ is $176,500.
This is
lower than
the county median home value of $232,200.
The national median home value is $152,300.
The average price of homes sold in Tuckerton, NJ is $176,500.
Approximately 52.58% of Tuckerton homes are owned,
compared to 20.82% rented, while
26.6% are vacant.
Tuckerton real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Tuckerton real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Learn more about Tuckerton Real Estate.
Turn key business waiting for you to make an offer! 5 business operating under one roof. Have two franchises at no extra charge: Carvel, Cinnabon, bagel, pizzeria and coffee shops. This property offers the opportunity to be divided; providing income while maintaining your own business; excellent construction to support a second floor for possible apartments or offices. Professional kitchen equipment, furnishings and inventory INCLUDED in purchase price. Plenty of parking in front and behind.
Love to Entertain? Looking for a quality Waterfront home with lots of room for all the Family and Friends--Beautiful and built by a skilled carpenter for himself, this home has everything plus the highest materials and craftsmanship. No water in home from Sandy and only the skirt of the home was damaged and replaced. 4/5bed and soon to be Waterfront after completion of subdivision. Hardwood floors, Giant Kitchen and Great room, sunroom. Lot also for sale 3-4 creek front lots for sale, $395,000.
2 BUILDINGS FOR ONE GREAT PRICE!!! This property consist of two building. A 4800 sq ft building, built in 2000 currently being used as a retail gift shop & a 1926 sq ft building currently being used as a law office. Great Location on Route 9 in Tuckerton with plenty of on site parking
Beautifully crafted waterfront contemporary boasting gorgeous bayviews. Custom Built by RHT Construction, this non-reverse living home has many many extras and upgrades. Gorgeous hard wood flooring, open floor plan, plenty of room for entertaining and fun family get-togethers. Jump in the boat and you are out to the bay in 2 minutes! Maintenance free exterior, complete with large dockside deck and large shed. Roof top deck offers panoramic views Tuckerton Beach has 2 fine restaurants, one access
Location, Location, Location! Excellent boating location. This is a large, quiet, almost secluded, waterfront lot with 91 feet of water frontage on Tuckerton Creek. The vinyl bulkhead is 5 to 6 years old and is expected to last for, at least, 50 years. there are 3 docks that can accommodate 5 to 6 boats. The docks are equipped with electric, water and a fish cleaning station. The house suffered some water damage from Superstorm Sandy. It has been air dried and the carpet removed. The property i
2.5 acres on Route 539 with 215' frontage. Existing plans are for a 20,000 commercial building
WOW - No maintenance ALL BRICK HOME JUST REDUCED WAY UNDER MARKET VALUE! Desirable Paradise Cove stately 2 Story open floor plan waterfront moments to open bay & bay views! Built by builder for himself! NO EXPENSES SPARED IN THE CONSTRUCTION!Great ENTERTAINING, 2 SEPARATE SPACIOUS Gourmet kitchen boasts tons of QUARTZ COUNTER TOPS, tons of custom cabinets,CENTER ISLAND & top of the line appliances including 6 burner gas commercial range for the chef! Vinyl Bulkhead, paver patios, fenced and more
Great Beach home with vinyl bulkhead for large family. 2025 Sq ft. 3 Bed, loft provides area for possible 4th bed. Additional room can be office or 5th bed. Home was built on pilings in 2000 so, no damage in living space from Sandy! Open floor plan-great for entertaining. Huge master on top floor! Sliders off kitchen open to Trex Deck that wraps around both sides of home. Bay soooo close at end of street. Basement & garage side by side on slab
RAISED Waterfront Ranch with Large 3+ Detached Garage for all your boats and water-toys on a large lot. Vinyl Bulkhead and boat slip, fully stoned and views down the lagoon and partial bay views from the front porch. Completely remodeled to the studs, and raised high with a front and back set of stairs. The open floor plan home and a vaulted ceiling and has all the upgrades you are looking for: The remodeled kitchen has granite counter-tops, lovely maple cabinets, 3 car Garage, New Stainless app
Brand new construction to be built. Three bedrooms, two and a half bathrooms, living room, dining room, half bath on first floor, master bedroom with private master bathroom, one car garage, large lot.
Real Living Danis & Cuneo, Realtors
252 South Street
Freehold, NJ 07728
Email Us | Visit our Real Estate Website


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SXSW's best bands. Part 2. (featuring Glossary and the District Attorneys)(0)
By Michael Mayer
Photos by Meri Simon
More great bands from Tuesday's lineup at SXSW:
The District Attorneys:
Headquartered out of Atlanta and Athens, Georgia, the DA's take their cues from sources as disparate as the Beach Boys, R.E.M. and My Morning Jacket. The marriage of those influences with Drew Beskin and TJ Mimbs' songwriting on their "Slowburner" album resulted in the band winning the honors of Athens Artist of the Year and Album of the Year for 2012. Lush pop arrangements, infectious whoa-oh-oh choruses and great vocals by Beskin and Mimbs make this a band to watch.Leave a comment


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Amber Rose
- Real Name:
- Amber Levonchuck
- Date of Birth:
- October 21, 1983
- Hometown:
- Philadelphia, Penn.
- Resides in:
- Los Angeles and Canonsburg, Penn.
Amber Rose has made her living as a model, reality show regular, spokesperson for Smirnoff's flavors Whipped Cream and Fluffed Marshmallow, professional music video cameo artist, actress (if you use the term loosely) and rapper arm candy. The beautiful Amazonian whose trademarks are her platinum blonde shaved head and stiletto nails has been seen on runways and in ads for numerous brands including Louis Vuitton and Celestino as well as in music videos for Young Jeezy, Ludacris, Nicki Minaj, Fabolous, and Massive Attack. She's dropped knowledge as a guest judge on "Rupaul's Drag Race" and "Master of The Mix" and gone fictional in a handful of low-budget films or direct-to-video projects like "School Dance," "Gang Of Roses 2: Next Generation" and "A Haunting." After a tumultuous relationship with Kanye West from 2008-10, who she claims cheated on her with Kim Kardashian, she started nesting with fellow Pennsylvanian Wiz Khalifa. Her first single "Fame" features the rapper and she returned the favor by appearing in his video for "No Sleep." Their relationship is far more than a professional one though. They had a son, Sebastian, in February 2013 and eloped on the sly the following July. She even has a tattoo of smiling mug on her arm.
Amber Rose Search Results
Amber Rose Flaunts Post-Baby Body With Before and After ...By Us Weekly. In February 2013, Amber Rose gave birth to her son Sebastian. She later revealed that she weighed 202...Wonderwall
Amber Rose | Celebrity | Wonderwall - MSN EntertainmentEverything you ever wanted to know about Amber Rose on Wonderwall.com, the fun interactive celebrity destination from...Wonderwall
Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose welcome a baby boy | Gallery ...By Chris Gardner. Forget the baby part, Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose welcomed a "perfect young man" into the world on...Wonderwall
The Romance Report for April 9 | Gallery | WonderwallStork speculation swirls around Johnny and Amber. Johnny Depp has denied rumblings that his upcoming nuptials with...Wonderwall
Amber Rose confirms pregnancy with belly rub on red carpet ...girlfriend Amber Rose has confirmed she's pregnant on the red carpet of the MTV Video Music Awards. REALTED : See more...Wonderwall
Amber Rose brags about being 9 months pregnant with no ...Warning to moms: Amber Rose's pregnancy may cause jealousy! The 29-year-old model, who is expecting her first child, a...Wonderwall
Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose are married, planning a fall ...By Us Weekly. Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose are secretly Mr. and Mrs! The 25-year-old rapper announced on Twitter on...Wonderwall
Amber Rose: I had a C-section instead of planned home ...Amber Rose and Wiz Khalifa's son, Sebastian, had a plan of his own when it came time for his birth. In an appearance on...Wonderwall
Amber Rose | Celebrity | WonderwallEverything you ever wanted to know about Amber Rose on Wonderwall.com, the fun interactive celebrity destination from...Wonderwall
Johnny Depp: Fiancee Amber Heard is 'good for me' | Story ...Johnny Depp: Fiancee Amber Heard is 'good for me' More. StumbleUpon; Tumblr; Instapaper; ... 41, after 14 years...Wonderwall
From Elle
From Crowd Ignite


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Fun Facts and Statistics
Statistics out of all 156 people named Mildred Sharpe
Income Average
Average Age
Phone, Email, & Address
News and Updates
Interesting Facts about Mildred Sharpe
Meaning of Last Name
Sharpe is a surname of French origin, and may refer to: In government: * Alfred Sharpe (1853–1935), British colonial administrator * George Sharpe (c. 1907-1985), Canadian politician, mayor of Winnipeg * George H. Sharpe (1828-1900), American lawyer, soldier, secret service officer, diplomat and politician * Horatio Sharpe (1718-1790), British Royal Governor of Maryland * James Sharpe (Australian politician) * Merrill Q. Sharpe, American politician * Penny Sharpe, Australian politician * Peter Sharpe (1777-1842), American politician, Representative from New York * Roger Sharpe, American author and politician, former member of the North Carolina Senate * Thomas Sharpe (1866-1919), Canadian politician, mayor of Winnipeg * William Sharpe (politician) (1742–1818), U.S. lawyer and politician * William R. Sharpe, Jr. (1928-2009), American member of the West Virginia Senate In sports: * Bud Sharpe, American baseball player * David Sharpe, British runner * Dougie Sharpe, Scottish footballer * Duncan Sharpe, Pakistani cricketer * Jimmy Sharpe, American college football coach * John Sharpe (cricketer), (1866–1936), English cricketer * Lee Sharpe, (born 1971), English footballer * Luis Sharpe, American NFL football player * Mike Sharpe, American wrestler * Nathan Sharpe, Australian rugby union player * Phil Sharpe (cricketer) (b. 1936), English cricketer * Phil Sharpe (footballer) (b. 1968), English footballer * Ricky Sharpe, American football player * Shannon Sharpe (born 1968), U.S. American football player * Sterling Sharpe (born 1965), U.S. American football player * Tony Sharpe, Canadian sprinter * Wendy Sharpe (footballer) (born 1963), New Zealand football player Academics: * Alexander Sharpe (1814–1890), English philologist * Daniel Sharpe (1806–1856), English geologist * Eric J. Sharpe, Australian scholar of religious studies * Richard Sharpe (historian) * Richard Bowdler Sharpe, (1847–1909), English zoologist * Robert Sharpe, Canadian lawyer, author, academic, and judge * William Forsyth Sharpe, (born 1934), U.S. economist and inventor of the Sharpe ratio In the arts: * Albert Sharpe, Irish stage and film actor * Avery Sharpe, American jazz musician * Craig Sharpe, contestant on Canadian Idol 4 * Lennox Sharpe (born 1963), Trinidad and Tobago steelband composer * Matthew Sharpe (born 1962), U.S. novelist * Tom Sharpe, (born 1928), English satirical author of the novel Wilt * Wendy Sharpe, (born 1960), Australian artist Fictional characters: * Chris Sharpe, a character in Degrassi: The Next Generation * in the American soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful ** Deacon Sharpe ** Macy Alexander Sharpe * Miriam Sharpe, in the Marvel Comics universe * Richard Sharpe (fictional character), central character in the novel and television series Sharpe Other: * Alan Sharpe, Australian author * Charles Richard Sharpe, English recipient of the Victoria Cross * Edmund Sharpe, (1809–77), English architect and engineer * Henry Granville Sharpe (1858-1947), Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army * John Sharpe (Australian murderer) * Mal Sharpe, (born 1936), U.S. radio and TV personality * Samuel Sharpe, 19th century Jamaican missionary and revolutionary
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1955 DeSoto Firedome Wagon, beautifully restored western car, stunning Carnival Red and Ebony Black paint, excellent Black and White interior, brilliant chrome, 291 cu... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1957 Desoto Adventurer for purchase. Desoto was the top trim level automobile marquee offered by the... More
1951 Desoto custom Station Wagon. Rebuilt 250 CI 6 Cylinder. 2,500 mile on rebuilt engine. Frame-on restoration. Original brown finish repainted in the fall... More
That thing got a Hemi? Well yes it does. The Hemi came to the Desoto in 1952 and cars like this cool 1952 Desoto... More
1956 DeSoto Fireflight Convertible Chassis No. 50368711 This '56 Fireflite Convertible has just had a complete body-off frame restoration done to the highest standards, with a... More


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Local author has advice for living better life
By Valerie Burd For The Beacon-News December 25, 2012 8:50PM
Barry Kolanowski of Oswego, a life-style coach and business consultant, will be signing his new book, "Pause: Lessons On How to Get What YOU Want Out of Life," Dec. 27 in Yorkville. | Submitted Photo
Updated: January 27, 2013 6:02AM
YORKVILLE — Patrons at Yorkville's Rosati's Pizza on Thursday may come away from their dining experience with something they didn't expect — a book.
From 5 to 7 p.m. that day, the pizza parlour and restaurant at 1185 N. Bridge St. will host a book signing by Oswego author Barry Kolanowski, who will be on hand to enscribe and sell his book — "Pause: Lessons On How to Get What YOU Want Out of Life."
Kolanowski, a member of the Yorkville Area Chamber of Commerce's LEADS 1 group and a former minister, is the founder of The Compass Group Inc., through which he does lifestyle coaching, business consulting and motivational speaking. He also does business as Chicago Weddings, helping grooms and brides stage their special day.
T.J. Banning, franchise owner of Rosati's, said it makes sense to have the book signing at his restaurant.
"We as a business are really involved with this community, and we have a great family atmosphere," Banning said. "And this is a motivational book. A book signing here is good for helping to build the community."
Although Kolanowski has written two previous books — "The Lifecycle of Business' and "The Ceremony Planner" — he says both were to provide training materials and guides to use in his two businesses.
"Pause" is different, he said, because it's based on a concept he developed to help people change their lives.
"This goes back to December 2008," he said. "I was listening to people talking about New Year's resolutions, and it dawned on me that I hadn't done one for several years. I listened to them giving advice to people, and I thought, 'That is so old school.' "
He said he realized that there is more to the story, so he began to write down why he thinks people are struggling.
"I came up with 10 reasons why people fail with their New Year's resolutions, and why we struggle so much with change," Kolanowski said. "It was a clarifying moment for me. I began to create a plan which my wife and I implemented in January 2009. It clarified our purpose and brought a better understanding of our relationship."
Kolanowski said because of his plan, which wasn't about weight loss, he lost three pants sizes. The plan also wasn't about becoming a runner, but he and his wife ran in eight 5K races that year.
"I am healthier, happier, and it changed my life," he said. "This focuses on the top four basics of change theory. If you do these four things, whatever your goals are, you'll increase your chances for success."
Kolanowski, who is self-publishing, said he gave himself a deadline of 30 days to write the book. When he sent it off to the printer on time, he said he felt a huge adrenaline rush.
"I thought, 'It's alive!' I'm sure when I get the first copies in my hands, I'll have tears in my eyes. It was a labor of love. I feel very fulfilled. I think I said everything I wanted to say."
Kolanowski said he plans to take a break in writing before embarking on any more books. For now, he will be happy if people get inspired by his book to have a life of deeper meaning and fulfillment.
"That's what I want," he said. "This book not only causes you to daydream, it encourages it."


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I talked to Linz and figured out how to send music to my brother's tablet via Bluetooth. I apparently can't send .flac files, which sucks because 90% of my music is .flac.
Concerning what I told you I'd get done, I'm working on Saimoe right now. Programming will have to wait, unless my caffeine supply holds out long enough to get to it tonight.


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Select your Perth community newspaper below or enter your suburb to show news and views for your area.
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3 readers have left a comment
I have recently purchased a Stihl chainsaw after my neighbour a tree lopper, recommended that some of the extruding parts of the new Huskys are not as durable. I have certainly put it through its paces and have not had a hint of trouble as yet. The features on the larger ones are fantastic and wel thought out. Good luck
Stihl still has a good name
Past use, I would go Stihl. If you see tree loppers around see what they are using, bet most are Stihl.
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Western Suburbs Weekly reporter Sarah Motherwell with this week's Cat Haven update.
Western Suburbs Weekly reporter Sarah Motherwell with this week's Dog Refuge update.