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Watson (computer)
Watson is an artificially intelligent computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language,[2] developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. Watson was named after IBM's first CEO and well-known business reformator Thomas J. Watson.[3][4] The computer system was specifically developed to answer questions on the quiz show Jeopardy!.[5] In 2011, Watson competed on Jeopardy! against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.[3][6] Watson received the first prize of $1 million.[7]
Watson had access to 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four terabytes of disk storage[8] including the full text of Wikipedia,[9] but was not connected to the Internet during the game.[10][11] For each clue, Watson's three most probable responses were displayed on the television screen. Watson consistently outperformed its human opponents on the game's signaling device, but had trouble responding to a few categories, notably those having short clues containing only a few words.
In February 2013, IBM announced that Watson software system's first commercial application would be for utilization management decisions in lung cancer treatment at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in conjunction with health insurance company WellPoint.[12] IBM Watson's business chief Manoj Saxena says that 90% of nurses in the field who use Watson now follow its guidance.[13]
- 1 Description
- 2 Operation
- 3 History
- 4 Future applications
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
Watson is a question answering (QA) computing system that IBM built to apply advanced natural language processing, information retrieval, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning technologies to the field of open domain question answering.[2]
According to IBM, "more than 100 different techniques are used to analyze natural language, identify sources, find and generate hypotheses, find and score evidence, and merge and rank hypotheses."[15]
Watson uses IBM's DeepQA software and the Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) framework. The system was written in various languages, including Java, C++, and Prolog, and runs on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 operating system using Apache Hadoop framework to provide distributed computing.[8][16][17]
The system is workload optimized, integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors and being built on IBM's DeepQA technology,[18] which it uses to generate hypotheses, gather massive evidence, and analyze data.[2] Watson is composed of a cluster of ninety IBM Power 750 servers, each of which uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight core processor, with four threads per core. In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor cores and has 16 terabytes of RAM.[18]
According to John Rennie, Watson can process 500 gigabytes, the equivalent of a million books, per second.[19] IBM's master inventor and senior consultant Tony Pearson estimated Watson's hardware cost at about $3 million.[20] Its performance stands at 80 TeraFLOPs which is not enough to place it at Top 500 Supercomputers list.[21] According to Rennie, the content was stored in Watson's RAM for the game because data stored on hard drives are too slow to access.[19]
The sources of information for Watson include encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, newswire articles, and literary works. Watson also used databases, taxonomies, and ontologies. Specifically, DBPedia, WordNet, and Yago were used.[22]
The IBM team provided Watson with millions of documents, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference material that it could use to build its knowledge.[11] Although Watson was not connected to the Internet during the game,[23] it contained 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four terabytes of disk storage,[8] including the full text of Wikipedia.[9]
|The computer's techniques for unraveling Jeopardy! clues sounded just like mine. That machine zeroes in on key words in a clue, then combs its memory (in Watson's case, a 15-terabyte data bank of human knowledge) for clusters of associations with those words. It rigorously checks the top hits against all the contextual information it can muster: the category name; the kind of answer being sought; the time, place, and gender hinted at in the clue; and so on. And when it feels "sure" enough, it decides to buzz. This is all an instant, intuitive process for a human Jeopardy! player, but I felt convinced that under the hood my brain was doing more or less the same thing.
—Ken Jennings[24]
When playing Jeopardy! all players must wait until host Alex Trebek reads each clue in its entirety, after which a light is lit as a "ready" signal; the first to activate their buzzer button wins the chance to respond.[11][25] Watson received the clues as electronic texts at the same moment they were made visible to the human players.[11] It would then parse the clues into different keywords and sentence fragments in order to find statistically related phrases.[11] Watson's main innovation was not in the creation of a new algorithm for this operation but rather its ability to quickly execute thousands of proven language analysis algorithms simultaneously to find the correct answer.[11][26] The more algorithms that find the same answer independently the more likely Watson is to be correct.[11] Once Watson has a small number of potential solutions, it is able to check against its database to ascertain whether the solution makes sense.[11] In a sequence of 20 mock games, human participants were able to use the average six to seven seconds that Watson needed to hear the clue and decide whether to signal for responding.[11] During that time, Watson also has to evaluate the response and determine whether it is sufficiently confident in the result to signal.[11] Part of the system used to win the Jeopardy! contest was the electronic circuitry that receives the "ready" signal and then examined whether Watson's confidence level was great enough to activate the buzzer. Given the speed of this circuitry compared to the speed of human reaction times, Watson's reaction time was faster than the human contestants except when the human anticipated (instead of reacted to) the ready signal.[27] After signaling, Watson speaks with an electronic voice and gives the responses in Jeopardy!'s question format.[11] Watson's voice was synthesized from recordings that actor Jeff Woodman made for an IBM text-to-speech program in 2004.[28]
Comparison with human players[edit]
Watson's basic working principle is to parse keywords in a clue while searching for related terms as responses. This gives Watson some advantages and disadvantages compared with human Jeopardy! players.[29] Watson has deficiencies in understanding the contexts of the clues. As a result, human players usually generate responses faster than Watson, especially to short clues.[11] Watson's programming prevents it from using the popular tactic of buzzing before it is sure of its response.[11] Watson has consistently better reaction time on the buzzer once it has generated a response, and is immune to human players' psychological tactics.[11][30]
The Jeopardy! staff used different means to notify Watson and the human players when to buzz,[27] which was critical in many rounds.[30] The humans were notified by a light, which took them tenths of a second to perceive.[31][32] Watson was notified by an electronic signal and could activate the buzzer within about eight milliseconds.[33] The humans tried to compensate for the perception delay by anticipating the light,[34] but the variation in the anticipation time was generally too great to fall within Watson's response time.[30] Watson did not operate to anticipate the notification signal.[32][34]
Since Deep Blue's victory over Garry Kasparov in chess in 1997, IBM had been on the hunt for a new challenge. In 2004, IBM Research manager Charles Lickel, over dinner with coworkers, noticed that the restaurant they were in had fallen silent. He soon discovered the cause of this evening hiatus: Ken Jennings, who was then in the middle of his successful 74-game run on Jeopardy!. Nearly the entire restaurant had piled toward the televisions, mid-meal, to watch the phenomenon. Intrigued by the quiz show as a possible challenge for IBM, Lickel passed the idea on, and in 2005, IBM Research executive Paul Horn backed Lickel up, pushing for someone in his department to take up the challenge of playing Jeopardy! with an IBM system. Though he initially had trouble finding any research staff willing to take on what looked to be a much more complex challenge than the wordless game of chess, eventually David Ferrucci took him up on the offer.[35] In competitions managed by the United States government, Watson's predecessor, a system named Piquant, was usually able to respond correctly to only about 35% of clues and often required several minutes to respond.[36][37][38] To compete successfully on Jeopardy!, Watson would need to respond in no more than a few seconds, and at that time, the problems posed by the game show were deemed to be impossible to solve.[11]
In initial tests run during 2006 by David Ferrucci, the senior manager of IBM's Semantic Analysis and Integration department, Watson was given 500 clues from past Jeopardy! programs. While the best real-life competitors buzzed in half the time and responded correctly to as many as 95% of clues, Watson's first pass could get only about 15% correct. During 2007, the IBM team was given three to five years and a staff of 15 people to solve the problems.[11] By 2008, the developers had advanced Watson such that it could compete with Jeopardy! champions.[11] By February 2010, Watson could beat human Jeopardy! contestants on a regular basis.[39]
Although the system is primarily an IBM effort, Watson's development involved faculty from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute, the University of Texas at Austin, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Trento,[14] as well as students from New York Medical College.[40]
In 2008, IBM representatives communicated with Jeopardy! executive producer Harry Friedman about the possibility of having Watson compete against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, two of the most successful contestants on the show, and the program's producers agreed.[11][41] Watson's differences with human players had generated conflicts between IBM and Jeopardy! staff during the planning of the competition.[29] IBM repeatedly expressed concerns that the show's writers would exploit Watson's cognitive deficiencies when writing the clues, thereby turning the game into a Turing test. To alleviate that claim, a third party randomly picked the clues from previously written shows that were never broadcast.[29] Jeopardy! staff also showed concerns over Watson's reaction time on the buzzer. Originally Watson signaled electronically, but show staff requested that it press a button physically, as the human contestants would.[42] Even with a robotic "finger" pressing the buzzer, Watson remained faster than its human competitors. Ken Jennings noted, "If you're trying to win on the show, the buzzer is all," and that Watson "can knock out a microsecond-precise buzz every single time with little or no variation. Human reflexes can't compete with computer circuits in this regard."[30][34][43] Stephen Baker, a journalist who recorded Watson's development in his book "Final Jeopardy", reported that the conflict between IBM and Jeopardy! became so serious in May 2010 that the competition was almost canceled.[29] Watson learns from his mistakes, for example, the following mistake during a practice round: he was given the clue "This trusted friend was the first non-dairy powdered creamer," to which he replied, "What is milk?", mistaking the clue as asking for a dairy product. As part of the preparation, IBM constructed a mock set in a conference room at one of its technology sites to model the one used on Jeopardy! Human players, including former Jeopardy! contestants, also participated in mock games against Watson with Todd Alan Crain of The Onion playing host.[11] About 100 test matches were conducted with Watson winning 65% of the games.[44]
To provide a physical presence in the televised games, Watson was represented by an "avatar" of a globe, inspired by the IBM "smarter planet" symbol. Jennings described the computer's avatar as a "glowing blue ball criscrossed by 'threads' of thought—42 threads, to be precise,"[24] and stated that the number of thought threads in the avatar was an in-joke referencing the significance of the number 42 in Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.[24] Joshua Davis, the artist who designed the avatar for the project, explained to Stephen Baker that there are 36 triggerable states that Watson was able to use throughout the game to show its confidence in responding to a clue correctly; he had hoped to be able to find forty-two, to add another level to the Hitchhiker's Guide reference, but he was unable to pinpoint enough game states.[45]
A practice match was recorded on January 13, 2011, and the official matches were recorded on January 14, 2011. All participants maintained secrecy about the outcome until the match was broadcast in February.[46]
Practice match[edit]
In a practice match before the press on January 13, 2011, Watson won a 15-question round against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter with a score of $4,400 to Jennings's $3,400 and Rutter's $1,200, though Jennings and Watson were tied before the final $1,000 question. None of the three players responded incorrectly to a clue.[47]
First match[edit]
The first round was broadcast February 14, 2011, and the second round, on February 15, 2011. The right to choose the first category had been determined by a draw won by Rutter.[48] Watson, represented by a computer monitor display and artificial voice, responded correctly to the second clue and then selected the fourth clue of the first category, a deliberate strategy to find the Daily Double as quickly as possible.[49] Watson's guess at the Daily Double location was correct. At the end of the first round, Watson was tied with Rutter at $5,000; Jennings had $2,000.[48]
Watson's performance was characterized by some quirks. In one instance, Watson repeated a reworded version of an incorrect response offered by Jennings (Jennings said "What are the '20s?" in reference to the 1920s. Then Watson said "What is 1920s?") Because Watson could not recognize other contestants' responses, it did not know that Jennings had already given the same response. In another instance, Watson was initially given credit for a response of "What is leg?" after Jennings incorrectly responded "What is: he only had one hand?" to a clue about George Eyser (The correct response was, "What is: he's missing a leg?"). Because Watson, unlike a human, could not have been responding to Jennings's mistake, it was decided that this response was incorrect. The broadcast version of the episode was edited to omit Trebek's original acceptance of Watson's response.[50] Watson also demonstrated complex wagering strategies on the Daily Doubles, with one bet at $6,435 and another at $1,246.[51] Gerald Tesauro, one of the IBM researchers who worked on Watson, explained that Watson's wagers were based on its confidence level for the category and a complex regression model called the Game State Evaluator.[52]
Watson took a commanding lead in Double Jeopardy!, correctly responding to both Daily Doubles. Watson responded to the second Daily Double correctly with a 32% confidence score.[51]
Although it wagered only $947 on the clue, Watson was the only contestant to miss the Final Jeopardy! response in the category U.S. CITIES ("Its largest airport was named for a World War II hero; its second largest, for a World War II battle"). Rutter and Jennings gave the correct response of Chicago, but Watson's response was "What is Toronto?????"[51][53][54] Ferrucci offered reasons why Watson would appear to have guessed a Canadian city: categories only weakly suggest the type of response desired, the phrase "U.S. city" didn't appear in the question, there are cities named Toronto in the U.S., and Toronto, Ontario has an American League baseball team.[55] Dr. Chris Welty, who also worked on Watson, suggested that it may not have been able to correctly parse the second part of the clue, "its second largest, for a World War II battle" (which was not a standalone clause despite it following a semicolon, and required context to understand that it was referring to a second-largest airport).[56] Eric Nyberg, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University and a member of the development team, stated that the error occurred because Watson does not possess the comparative knowledge to discard that potential response as not viable.[54] Although not displayed to the audience as with non-Final Jeopardy! questions, Watson's second choice was Chicago. Both Toronto and Chicago were well below Watson's confidence threshold, at 14% and 11% respectively. (This lack of confidence was the reason for the multiple question marks in Watson's response.)
The game ended with Jennings with $4,800, Rutter with $10,400, and Watson with $35,734.[51]
Second match[edit]
During the introduction, Trebek (a Canadian native) joked that he had learned Toronto was a U.S. city, and Watson's error in the first match prompted an IBM engineer to wear a Toronto Blue Jays jacket to the recording of the second match.[57]
In the first round, Jennings was finally able to choose a Daily Double clue,[58] while Watson responded to one Daily Double clue incorrectly for the first time in the Double Jeopardy! Round.[59] After the first round, Watson placed second for the first time in the competition after Rutter and Jennings were briefly successful in increasing their dollar values before Watson could respond.[59][60] Nonetheless, the final result ended with a victory for Watson with a score of $77,147, besting Jennings who scored $24,000 and Rutter who scored $21,600.[61]
Final outcome[edit]
The prizes for the competition were $1 million for first place (Watson), $300,000 for second place (Jennings), and $200,000 for third place (Rutter). As promised, IBM donated 100% of Watson's winnings to charity, with 50% of those winnings going to World Vision and 50% going to World Community Grid.[62] Likewise, Jennings and Rutter donated 50% of their winnings to their respective charities.[63]
In acknowledgment of IBM and Watson's achievements, Jennings made an additional remark in his Final Jeopardy! response: "I for one welcome our new computer overlords", echoing a similar memetic reference to the episode "Deep Space Homer" on The Simpsons, in which TV news presenter Kent Brockman speaks of welcoming "our new insect overlords".[64][65] Jennings later wrote an article for Slate, in which he stated "IBM has bragged to the media that Watson's question-answering skills are good for more than annoying Alex Trebek. The company sees a future in which fields like medical diagnosis, business analytics, and tech support are automated by question-answering software like Watson. Just as factory jobs were eliminated in the 20th century by new assembly-line robots, Brad and I were the first knowledge-industry workers put out of work by the new generation of 'thinking' machines. 'Quiz show contestant' may be the first job made redundant by Watson, but I'm sure it won't be the last."[24]
Philosopher John Searle argues that Watson—despite impressive capabilities—cannot actually think.[66] Drawing on his Chinese room thought experiment, Searle claims that Watson, like other computational machines, is capable only of manipulating symbols, but has no ability to understand the meaning of those symbols; however, Searle's experiment has its detractors.[67]
Match against members of the United States Congress[edit]
On February 28, 2011, Watson played an untelevised exhibition match of Jeopardy! against members of the United States House of Representatives. In the first round, Rush D. Holt, Jr. (D-NJ, a former Jeopardy! contestant), who was challenging the computer with Bill Cassidy (R-LA), led with Watson in second place. However, combining the scores between all matches, the final score was $40,300 for Watson and $30,000 for the congressional players combined.[68]
IBM's Christopher Padilla said of the match, "The technology behind Watson represents a major advancement in computing. "In the data-intensive environment of government, this type of technology can help organizations make better decisions and improve how government helps its citizens."[68]
Future applications[edit]
According to IBM, "The goal is to have computers start to interact in natural human terms across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify."[39] It has been suggested by Robert C. Weber, IBM's general counsel, that Watson may be used for legal research.[69] The company also intends to use Watson in other information-intensive fields, such as telecommunications, financial services, and government.[70]
Watson is based on commercially available IBM Power 750 servers that have been marketed since February 2010. IBM also intends to market the DeepQA software to large corporations, with a price in the millions of dollars, reflecting the $1 million needed to acquire a server that meets the minimum system requirement to operate Watson. IBM expects the price to decrease substantially within a decade as the technology improves.[11]
Commentator Rick Merritt said that "there's another really important reason why it is strategic for IBM to be seen very broadly by the American public as a company that can tackle tough computer problems. A big slice of Big Blue's pie comes from selling to the U.S. government some of the biggest, most expensive systems in the world."[71]
In 2013, it was reported that three companies were working with IBM to create apps embedded with Watson technology. Fluid is developing an app for retailer, The North Face, designed to provide advice to online shoppers. 3 Welltok is developing an app designed to give people advice on ways to engage in activities to improve their health.4 MD Buyline is developing an app for the purpose of advising medical institutions on equipment procurement decisions.[72] [73]
In November, 2013, IBM announced it would make Watson's API (application program interface) available to software application providers, enabling them to build apps and services that are embedded with Watson's capabilities.1 To build out its base of partners who create applications on the Watson platform, IBM consults with a network of venture capital firms, which advise IBM on which of their portfolio companies may be a logical fit for what IBM calls the Watson Ecosystem. 2 Thus far, roughly 800 organizations and individuals have signed up with IBM, with interest in creating applications that could use the Watson platform.[74]
On January 30, 2013, it was announced that Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute would receive a successor version of Watson, which would be housed at the Institute's technology park and be available to researchers and students.[75] By summer 2013, Rensselaer had become the first university to receive a Watson computer.[76]
On February 6, 2014, it was reported that IBM plans to invest $100 million in a 10-year initiative to use Watson and other IBM technologies to help countries in Africa address development problems, beginning with healthcare and education. [77]
In healthcare, Watson's natural language, hypothesis generation, and evidence-based learning capabilities allow it to function as a clinical decision support system for use by medical professionals.[78] To aid physicians in the treatment of their patients, once a doctor has posed a query to the system describing symptoms and other related factors, Watson first parses the input to identify the most important pieces of information; then mines patient data to find facts relevant to the patient's medical and hereditary history; then examines available data sources to form and test hypotheses;[78] and finally provides a list of individualized, confidence-scored recommendations.[79] The sources of data that Watson uses for analysis can include treatment guidelines, electronic medical record data, notes from doctors and nurses, research materials, clinical studies, journal articles, and patient information.[78] Despite being developed and marketed as a "diagnosis and treatment advisor," Watson has never been actually involved in the medical diagnosis process, only in assisting with identifying treatment options for patients who have already been diagnosed.[80]
In February 2011, it was announced that IBM would be partnering with Nuance Communications for a research project to develop a commercial product during the next 18 to 24 months, designed to exploit Watson's clinical decision support capabilities. Physicians at Columbia University would help to identify critical issues in the practice of medicine where the system's technology may be able to contribute, and physicians at the University of Maryland would work to identify the best way that a technology like Watson could interact with medical practitioners to provide the maximum assistance.[81]
In September 2011, IBM and WellPoint, a major American healthcare solutions provider, announced a partnership to utilize Watson's data crunching capability to help suggest treatment options to doctors.[82] Then, In February 2013, IBM and WellPoint gave Watson its first commercial application, for utilization management decisions in lung cancer treatment at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center.[12]
IBM announced a partnership with Cleveland Clinic in October 2012. The company has sent Watson to the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, where it will increase its health expertise and assist medical professionals in treating patients. The medical facility will utilize Watson's ability to store and process large quantities of information to help speed up and increase the accuracy of the treatment process. "Cleveland Clinic's collaboration with IBM is exciting because it offers us the opportunity to teach Watson to 'think' in ways that have the potential to make it a powerful tool in medicine," said C. Martin Harris, MD, chief information officer of Cleveland Clinic.[83]
On February 8, 2013, IBM announced that oncologists at the Maine Center for Cancer Medicine and Westmed Medical Group in New York have started to test the Watson supercomputer system in an effort to recommend treatment for lung cancer.[84]
IBM Watson Group[edit]
On January 9, 2014 IBM announced it is creating a business unit around Watson, led by senior vice president Michael Rhodin.[85] IBM Watson Group will have headquarters in New York's Silicon Alley and will employ 2,000 people. IBM has invested $1 billion to get the division going. Watson Group will develop three new cloud-delivered services: Watson Discovery Advisor, Watson Analytics, and Watson Explorer. Watson Discovery Advisor will focus on research and development projects in pharmaceutical industry, publishing and biotechnology, Watson Analytics will focus on Big Data visualization and insights on the basis of natural language questions posed by business users, and Watson Explorer will focus on helping enterprise users uncover and share data-driven insights more easily.[85] The company is also launching a $100 million venture fund to spur application development for "cognitive" applications. According to IBM, the cloud-delivered enterprise-ready Watson has seen its speed increase 24 times over - a 2,400 percent improvement in performance, and its physical size shrank by 90 percent - from the size of a master bedroom to three stacked pizza boxes.[85] IBM CEO Virginia Rometty said she wants Watson to generate $10 billion in annual revenue within ten years.[86]
See also[edit]
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- ^ a b "The IBM Challenge Day 1". Jeopardy. Season 27. Episode 23. 2011-02-14.
- ^ Lenchner, Jon (2011-02-03), "Knowing what it knows: selected nuances of Watson's strategy", IBM Research blog (IBM), retrieved 2011-02-16
- ^ Johnston, Casey (2011-02-15), Jeopardy: IBM's Watson almost sneaks wrong answer by Trebek, Ars Technica, retrieved 2011-02-15
- ^ a b c d Computer crushes the competition on 'Jeopardy!', Associated Press, 2011-02-15, retrieved 2011-02-19
- ^ Tesauro, Gerald (2011-02-13), "IBM Research: Watson's wagering strategies", IBM Research blog (IBM), retrieved 2011-02-18
- ^ Staff (2011-02-15), IBM's computer wins 'Jeopardy!' but... Toronto?, CTV.ca, retrieved 2011-02-15, "Watson, IBM's quiz-master computer with the strangely serene voice, beat the humans on "Jeopardy!" tonight. But it got the final question on U.S. cities wrong, answering: Toronto."
- ^ a b Robertson, Jordan; Borenstein, Seth (2011-02-16), "For Watson, Jeopardy! victory was elementary", The Globe and Mail, The Associated Press, retrieved 2011-02-17, "A human would have considered Toronto and discarded it because it is a Canadian city, not a U.S. one, but that's not the type of comparative knowledge Watson has, Prof. Nyberg said."
- ^ Hamm, Steve (2011-02-15), Watson on Jeopardy! Day Two: The Confusion over and Airport Clue, A Smart Planet Blog, retrieved 2011-02-21
- ^ Johnston, Casey (2011-02-15), Creators: Watson has no speed advantage as it crushes humans in Jeopardy, Ars Technica, retrieved 2011-02-21
- ^ Oberman, Mira (2011-02-17), Computer creams human Jeopardy! champions, Vancouver Sun, Agence France-Presse, retrieved 2011-02-17, "But a Final Jeopardy flub prompted one IBM engineer to wear a Toronto Blue Jays jacket to the second day of taping and Trebek to joke that he'd learned Toronto was a U.S. city."
- ^ Johnston, Casey (2011-02-17), Bug lets humans grab Daily Double as Watson triumphs on Jeopardy, Ars Technic, retrieved 2011-02-21
- ^ a b Upbin, Bruce (2011-02-17), IBM's Supercomputer Watson Wins It All With $367 Bet, Forbes, retrieved 2011-02-21
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (2011-02-17), Ken Jennings: 'My puny brain' did just fine on 'Jeopardy!', USA Today, retrieved 2011-02-21
- ^ "Show 6088 - The IBM Challenge, Day 2". Jeopardy!. 2011-02-16. Syndicated.
- ^ World Community Grid to benefit from Jeopardy! competition, World Community Grid, 2011-02-04, retrieved 2011-02-19
- ^ Jeopardy! And IBM Announce Charities To Benefit From Watson Competition, IBM Corporation, 2011-01-13, retrieved 2011-02-19
- ^ IBM's Watson supercomputer crowned Jeopardy king, BBC News, 2011-02-17, retrieved 2011-02-17
- ^ Markoff, John (2011-02-16), Computer Wins on 'Jeopardy!': Trivial, It's Not, Yorktown Heights, New York: The New York Times, retrieved 2011-02-17
- ^ Searle, John (2011-02-23), Watson Doesn't Know It Won on 'Jeopardy!', Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2011-07-26
- ^ Lohr, Steve. "Creating AI based on the real thing", Dec 05, 2011 on The New York Times.
- ^ a b NJ congressman tops 'Jeopardy' computer Watson, Associated Press, 2011-03-02, retrieved 2011-03-02
- ^ Weber, Robert C. (2011-02-14), Why 'Watson' matters to lawyers, The National Law Journal, retrieved 2011-02-18
- ^ Nay, Chris (2011-09-06). "Putting Watson to work: Interview with GM of Watson Solutions Manoj Saxena". Smarter Planet Blog. IBM. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
- ^ Merritt, Rick (2011-02-14), IBM playing Jeopardy with tax dollars, EE Times, retrieved 2011-02-19
- ^ https://www.internetretailer.com/2013/12/03/ibms-watson-computer-helps-shoppers-new-app
- ^ http://mobihealthnews.com/27414/with-watson-api-launch-ibm-turns-to-welltok-for-patients-md-buyline-for-docs/
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2013/11/14/ibm-opens-up-watson-as-a-web-service/
- ^ "IBM's Watson to Join Research Team at Rensselaer | News & Events". News.rpi.edu. 2013-01-30. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
- ^ The Independent Sector: Cultural, Economic and Social Contributions of New York's 100+, Not-for-Profit Colleges and Universities, Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities, Summer 2013, p. 12, retrieved 2013-10-01
- ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/06/us-ibm-africa-idUSBREA1507H20140206
- ^ a b c "Putting Watson to Work: Watson in Healthcare". IBM. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
- ^ IBM Watson Helps Fight Cancer with Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Treatment Suggestions, IBM, retrieved 2013-11-12
- ^ Saxena, Manoj (2013-02-13). "IBM Watson Progress and 2013 Roadmap (Slide 7)". IBM. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
- ^ Wakeman, Nick (2011-02-17), IBM's Watson heads to medical school, Washington Technology, retrieved 2011-02-19
- ^ Mathews, Anna Wilde (September 12, 2011). "Wellpoint's New Hire: What is Watson?". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Miliard, Mike (2012-10-30). "Watson Heads to Medical School: Cleveland Clinic, IBM Send Supercomputer to College". Healthcare IT News. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
- ^ Leske, Nikola (2013-02-09). "Doctors Seek Help on Cancer Treatment from IBM Supercomputer". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
- ^ a b c IBM Watson Group Unveils Cloud-Delivered Watson Services to Transform Industrial R&D, Visualize Big Data Insights and Fuel Analytics Exploration, retrieved January 18, 2014
- ^ IBM set to expand Watson's reach, Wall Street Journal, January 9, 2014, p.B2
Further reading[edit]
- Baker, Stephen (2012) Final Jeopardy: The Story of Watson, the Computer That Will Transform Our World, Mariner Books
External links[edit]
|This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (January 2014)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to IBM Watson.
- Watson homepage
- DeepQA homepage
- About Watson on Jeopardy.com
- Smartest Machine on Earth (PBS NOVA documentary about the making of Watson)
- Power Systems
- The Watson Trivia Challenge. The New York Times. June 16, 2010.
- This is Watson - IBM Journal of Research and Development (published by the IEEE)
J! Archive[edit]
- Jeopardy! Show #6086 - Game 1, Part 1
- Jeopardy! Show #6087 - Game 1, Part 2
- Jeopardy! Show #6088 - Game 2
- PBS NOVA documentary on the making of Watson
- Building Watson – A Brief Overview of the DeepQA Project on YouTube (21:42), IBMLabs
- How Watson Answers a Question on YouTube
- David Ferrucci, Dan Cerutti and Ken Jennings on IBM's Watson at Singularity Summit 2011 on YouTube
- A Computer Called Watson on YouTube - November 15, 2011, David Ferrucci at Computer History Museum, alternate
- IBM Watson and the Future of Healthcare on YouTube - 2012
- IBM Watson-Introduction and Future Applications on YouTube - IBM at EDGE 2012
- IBM Watson for Healthcare on YouTube - Martin Kohn, 2013
- IBM Watson playlist, IBMLabs Watson playlist


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220 Castro St, Mountain View, CA | Directions 9404137.393663 -122.079448
Neighborhoods: Old Mountain View, Old Mountain Views
Average – Good location, quick decent food during the rush lunch hour time. But it is a bit pricey for the value.
I've Had Better – With so many Vietnamese restaurants in the South Bay I would not waste another $4+ here. The broth was bland.
For those that are just getting to know noodles, this is a great place to get your soup on. – The Cuisine
This chain-restaurant menu offers sections devoted to training-wheels pho, garden-variety pho, and stunt pho for the true adventurers, all priced at $4.20 for a small bowl (enormous) and $5.10 for a large (scary big).
Bites We Like
The basic steak pho brings a mound of paper-thin meat slices cooked strictly by the piping hot broth. A cold vermicelli bowl is equally successful, with smoky marinated pork slices and a pile of little fried spring rolls to liven up the simple vermicelli noodles, crunchy iceberg and carrots.
Great Broth
The broth at Pho Hoa is perhaps the best around--clear and savory.
The Setting
Perhaps the most hospitable to pho neophytes, Pho Hoa is bright and cheery, with freshly painted teal walls and great menus that provide detailed pictures of the dishes.
Food is fantastic, and excellently priced. However the service could use a little attention. I never thought I would encounter a business that seemed angry to have my business. And I frequent the place often....angry service is almost the norm, maybe once every 3 times I go there.
Just plain good – When you want food and none of the frills like "please" and "thank-you," this is the place. You sit, order, eat, pay, and walk out with a satisfied belly. What you see is what you get. Some locations of Pho Hoa are better than others (avoid Sunnyvale and Milpitas and go to Cupertino) but it all really depends on what you order. This is comfort food. Noodles and hot soup. Yum.
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Updated Feb 1, 2014 - 9:31 pm
Washington State beats Washington 72-67
PULLMAN, Wash. (AP) - D.J. Shelton scored 20 points and grabbed 18 rebounds as Washington State beat Washington 72-67 on Saturday, breaking a four-game losing streak.
C.J. Wilcox scored 24 points to lead Washington (13-9, 5-4 Pac-12), which had beaten the Cougars six straight times dating to 2011. The Huskies were done in by 38.9 percent shooting in the second half.
Que Johnson added 15 points for Washington State (9-12, 2-7).
The game marked the return of WSU leading scorer DaVonte Lacy, who missed eight of the past nine games with appendicitis and an unrelated rib injury. He scored 10 points, well below his average of 17.7 points, but was most effective in the late going.
Washington State has struggled to score without Lacy as the Cougars are last in the Pac-12 in points per game (62) and field goal percentage (.413).
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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Portland >Food & Dining > Elenis Philoxenia
112 NW Ninth Ave, Portland, OR | Directions 9720945.524041 -122.679977
Tue-Sun: 5pm-10pm
Neighborhoods: Pearl, Neighbors West - Northwest
Elenis Philoxenia has an unusually long menu for appetizers, including ktipiti (feta, olive oil, tomatoes, olives) and saganaki (flaming cheese doused with lemon juice) inviting guests to embrace eating like they did in the old country. Enjoy an extended evening of food, friends, culture and conversation, as they do on the island of Crete.
Sitting up at the bar was as if we were sitting across the table from the Greek Aunt of a friend. She gave us the low down on everything on the menu, including her favorites. She mixed up our cocktails then checked back in with us after we dug into our meals; and she was content with our beaming smiles when asked "If every thing tasted good."
We had a nice dinner last night but had a problem with the parking lot across the street. We were told parking was free because of Veteran's Day, but got a parking ticket anyway. The owner of Eleni's said she would pay it. I think that was absolutely stellar customer service and she is a classy lady to do this. I will make a point to go back to her restaurant. The ambiance, food and wine were all very good.
Tough Times – I love Elenis. The food is fresh and authentic. I am a loyal customer and found through my observation that due to these tough economic times that the restaurant seems to be possibly experiencing some difficulties in finding a loyal staff that wants more than these times can provide. I just know this place has soo much potential and a good intention. Their are so many good restaurants in Pdx and this is one of them but also alot of competition. Try it out with an open heart and you will not be dissapointed.
check the shameless restaurants site before you go – Read the post on shameless restaurants dot com on eleni's where employees discuss some of the food recycling practices at this restaurant. Look in the portland section and read away.
Lots of info to digest before you dip into that tapenade! Sorry eleni.
Appetizer Galore! Great place to bring a date, order a bottle of wine and share a couple light appetizers. – My fiance and I have been twice. Absolutely loved it both times. The first time I ordered a pork dish, which unfortunately, was over salted, BUT WAIT!! The "horrible" staff apologized and even gave us a complimentary mousse dessert and I did not get charged for one of the glasses of wine. I can't complain a bit. I think they have somewhere around 30 appetizers or so and I find it very fun to try different ones when we go. The last time we went I ordered the Saganaki appetizer (Kefalograviera cheese dredged in flour pan-fried in olive oil and served in flaming Cognac; extinguished with fresh lemon). That a was a fun dish. Any way. Great experience. very memorable and great low lit environment to bring a pretty girl on a date.
Best Dining Experience in Portland Yet – First off I must say I was very impressed with the customer service. I had a friend coming from out of town and needed a reservation fast. It was 5:30 on a Friday night and the hostess was able to squeeze us in for 7:30-so cool! We got there and made an entire meal out of 4 appetizers, a couple of cosmos and the dessert! All of it was wonderful, my personal favorite was the Feta Filo (Greek cheeses wrapped in filo dough, drizzled with honey). Also, the mousse is highly recommended. I'll definitley be back again.
Great wine, ambitious food – Played a gig here once. The staff were just like any Greek restaurant--sweet, confident, and warm. Gig was for a private event, so there were some "specialties". I'd just stick with the Greek food we all know and enjoy. Wouldn't go for the shrimp martinis or the quasi-escargot smothered kalamarakia. Not even sure if this stuff is on the menu, they might have just had it for the night. Anyway, editor's review is spot on about the wine. I tried about 5 or 6 different classic Greek wines, including retsina. Not sure which one they have there but it's the best one I've had in the US. I don't know how expensive this place is as everything was on the house for me, but I suspect I'd pay just about any reasonable dining price to hang here once every few months.
Nice friendly spot with great tasting food – My daughter chose this place for her birthday because she wanted Greek food and this got a nice write up in the paper. Overall it was a very pleasant experience. They have a wonderful menu with many options and they all have good descriptions of how they are prepared and the ingredients so you don't have to know all about the food to make a good choice. We had 5 appetizers, all with different flavors and they come with a never ending supply of bread of good texture and taste. Our water glasses never got below half full and the waitress was pleasant and attentive, she explained the evening specials enthusiastically and in a manner that sounded like she knew what she was describing and could recommend them. I had a Salmon dish from the main menu that was described as line caught and it was fresh and tasty and the pasta and sauce accompanying it were delicious and perfectly prepared. My wife and daughter in-law had a beef dish that they both enjoyed and my son really liked his chicken dish. Sorry I don?t remember the names of the dishes but we had many different things from the menu and they were all good so I am sure you would enjoy whatever you try. For the quality and quantity of food the prices were more than reasonable besides the appetizers we had 6 glasses of wine and 6 entrees and the bill was well under $200. The owner/chef was there and she came out to see how we were doing and thanked us for coming in which was a nice touch. Overall the place has a nice look and feel but I suppose if I had to register any complaint it would be that the chairs were hard and uncomfortable and the table was too small for the six of us and all of those big plates of food. We will definitely go back.
Good food, bad staff – I think the food is fantastic. I think the decor is fantastic. And I love the location. What I don't love is the service, which has often been borderline snotty or just plain slow, as so many other reviewers have stated. The bad service doesn't going to stop me from going--I REALLY love the food--but I sure wish Eleni's would get a better staff.
Clueless menu and chef – Okay, this is not Greece, at all. Is this chef delusional? The wines by the glass were lackluster, the appetizer of beets flavorless, the lamb dry and misrepresented (clueless?) and the kitchen noisy and rude. The past served with the entree is again, clueless, almost Italian, hu? No wonder the place was almost empty on a Thursday night.
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.Patrick Baek is resourceful and strategic professional with in-depth knowledge in Internet marketing, consistently energized by seeking new opportunities and enjoying the benefits of a healthy lifestyle in Colorado.
Baek graduated from Full Sail University with a Master's Degree in Internet Marketing and has spent the past two years in building ready-to-implement skills through coursework and continuous education by constantly engaging with the industry experts via marketing conferences, webniars, and social media (@patrickbaek).
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HERE, you can review some of his campaign projects he has completed in the Master's Program (IMMP) @FullSail University.
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Quality Materials. This Mustang Leather Shifter Boot is crafted from high quality full grain leather with impressive hand stitched seams. The retaining plate is made from steel that has been zinc plated to prevent rust.
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ALL players trying-out must have proper insurance coverage. If a player trying-out for a team is currently registered with anther CYSA Team during the current playing season, that player has proper CYSA insurance coverage. However, if the player is not currently registered with a CYSA Team, the coach is responsible to have the parent sign the CYSA Form 1601 – and write "Tryout" on the top of the form. Download CYSA Form 1601 and bring to the tryout.
Santa Clara Youth Soccer League Teams - No Tryouts posted
Visit the Santa Clara Sporting website to view tryout announcements for their Class 1 Teams


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Columbus >Health & Medical Services >
Doctors >Umana, Otto D, Md - Central Obstetrics-Gynecology
500 18th St # A50, Columbus, GA | Directions 3190132.479200 -84.985664
Mon. - Fri. 8am - 5pm;Sat. - Sun. CLOSED
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Time to face up to the very best face make-up advice, products, tips and face powder reviews from real women just like you. Translucent, loose or pressed powder? We've got all the information you need to choose the best face powder for your skin type and skin shade. Get the lowdown on mineral powder, compare make-up brands and get the best powder compact for your skin needs.
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Step 6: Make a List of Potential Clinical Trials
At this point, you should have completed the Cancer Details Checklist (PDF—91KB), found one or more trials of interest to you, and printed out or saved a summary for each trial.
This section will help you to:
- take a closer look at the trial summaries
- narrow your list to include only those trials for which you would like to get more information
Key questions to ask about each trial:
|Helpful Tip: Don't worry if you cannot answer all of the questions below just yet. The idea is to narrow your list of trials, if possible. However, don't give up on trials you're not sure about. You may want to talk with your doctor or another health care team member during this process, especially if you find the trial summaries hard to understand.
- Trial objective: What is the main purpose of the trial? Is it to cure your cancer? To slow its growth or spread? To lessen the severity of cancer symptoms or the side effects of treatment? To determine whether a new treatment is safe and well tolerated? Read this information carefully to learn whether the trial's main objective matches your goals for treatment.
- Eligibility criteria: Do the details of your cancer diagnosis and your current overall state of health match the trial's entry criteria? This may tell you whether or not you can qualify for the trial. If you're not sure, keep the trial on your list for now.
- Trial location: Is the location of the trial manageable for you? Some trials take place at more than one location. Look carefully at how often you will need to receive treatment during the course of the trial. Decide how far and how often you are willing to travel. You will also need to ask whether the sponsoring organization will pay for some or all of your travel costs.
- Study length: How long will the trial run? Not all clinical trial summaries provide this information. If they do, consider the time involved and whether it will work for you and your family.
After considering these questions, if you are still interested in one or more of the clinical trials you have found, then you are ready for Step 7.


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iOS 7 is here - we have your complete iOS 7 review to prove it! - and you know what that means, right? Some of you are going to have battery life issues! For some of the people, some of the time, it's simply the cost of the OS updating process, and iOS 7 is no different! So, if your iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad on iOS 7 is draining its battery too fast, or not lasting long enough on stand-by, here are some things you can try to fix the problem!
Note: iOS 7 appears to use much more battery its first day or two after updating. Whether that's Spotlight search re-indexing or the system behind multitasking smartening up we're not sure. But, if you've just updated to iOS 7 and are experiencing battery life issues, give it a day or two to see if they stabilize on their own before doing anything drastic.
Update: the iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c have launched now too, so we've updated this article to include them!
As soon as you get a new version of iOS - or a new iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - it's only natural not to want to put it down. It's a new toy, and there are a ton of new features to try out. iOS 7 in particular, what with it being built on top of a physics and particle engine like a video game, is especially fun to play around with. And every time you knock the live wallpapers around, stare at the parallax scrolling, fling away multitasking cards or Safari tabs, spin the compass, or do any one of a hundred other funtastic things, the screen will be lit up, the radios will fire, and the battery will drain. Likewise, every app can multitask now, and while iOS is as smart as smart can be about managing how and when they all update, they're all updating.
The point is, it's almost impossible to realistically assess a change in battery life if you've also changed your usage pattern. In other words, if you're battery feels like it's only lasting half as long, the first step to fixing it is figuring out if you're using it twice as much first.
Before you do anything drastic, put your device down for a few minutes and then check the battery change. If there isn't a big change while in standby, you're probably okay and your battery life will return to normal when your usage returns to normal (after the novelty wears off). If your device continued to drain, and drain fast, even when you weren't using it, there's a problem.
If, in general, your battery life is consistently short and you're basically just watching the indicator drain down before your eyes, here are some things to try, in order of how easy they are to do.
The single biggest cause of battery life problems with iOS devices occurs when they are restored from backup and not set up as new devices. Whether it's cruft or corruption, bit rot or simply bad bits, a clean install as a new device -- incredible pain in the butt though it may be -- is usually the best fix for any battery life issues. This is the nuclear option. You will have to set up absolutely everything again, and you will lose all your saved data like game levels, but in most cases your battery life will be better than ever.
If your battery life is normal but you still find yourself needing extra power on some occasions, there are a few things you can do. Firstly plug in your device. At home, at work, in the car, there are plenty of opportunities to top up your battery. If you're stuck and can't plug in, here are some other things you can try.
Anything running on your iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad uses up the battery. So if you've tried everything else and it turns out you're just using your device more than the battery will allow for the length of time you need to use it, you'll need to make some hard choices. You'll need to stop using some of the features you don't really need in order to keep using the ones you do. The more you turn off, the longer your batter will last -- but of course the less you'll be able to do. It's a balancing act but one that can help you squeeze out a little extra juice when you really need it.
There are some old tricks you can try when you're in a jam as well, and the new Control Center makes it really easy to do many of these really quickly now!
If you're really desperate, put your iPhone or iPad in Airplane Mode and save the radios for when you need them. If you're really desperate, you can also turn your device completely off until you need it (it will still use a tiny amount of power but far, far less than anything else).
Be sure to let us know how what you're seeing with your iOS 7 battery life, and if any of these tips, or any other tips, help you improve it, make sure to tell us!
Get a Mohpie Juice Pack Plus and use your device the way you want to. Best case purchase I ever made was getting one a few months back. I never have to worry about my phone dying on me.
I don't think the parallax effect uses a lot of battery on recent devices. It's just tilting around a few textured OpenGL polygons which is nothing compared to the millions of polygons a 3D game can display.
Obviously such 3D games do drain the battery, but I think that the energy needed to tilt a few textured polygons on an A5-6-7 is minuscule compared to the energy needed for the display backlight and radios.
I think it is. I used Instruments XCode and CPU was obout 40% while without it it was 6%. One more thing which increases CPU (and with CPU it is also battery comsuption) basic scroling on screen and touching screen, it increases CPU to 50%
Guess I'll have to turn it off even though I really appreciate its effects.
My battery life on iOS 7, after a clean wipe and setting up as new is terrible.
(And yes I have factored in location settings, background app refreshes/updates, and other suggestions in the heavily cited iMore and TUAW guides to improving battery life).
"My battery life on iOS 7, after a clean wipe and setting up as new is terrible."
I noticed this too though it's only been a couple of days. Was getting good life after an OTA update, but the clean sweep has made the battery [appear to] drain quicker.
Did one day with parallax and the other without. No changes in usage, and no impact on battery life.
I thought the real problem was the constant accelerometer use rather than rendering the effect.
I have noticed it takes longer to fully charge the battery. It has been plugged in over two hours, and I am only at 90%. The phone was turned off durning that time. Under iOS 6 I would have a full charge.
Sent from the iMore App
iOS has nothing to do with charge times if the phone was turned off. Seriously.
I have been using ios 7 since beta 1 and I would say the battery life is much improved over previously with everything turned on.
Strangely my battery life was at 90% and then I turned it on and off like Georgia suggested. When it came back on battery life was at 98%!
Sent from the iMore App
One of the biggest battery savings is by switching off all the Spotlight search scans (General-Spotlight Search) as it's scanning through all your files to index them, which is pretty heavy work.
Thanks for mentioning this - I will disable it. As noted above, my OTA update over my existing iOS6 was consistent battery life. Fresh install (to clean up a very large "other" file) has made my battery appear to drain faster. I had most spotlight disabled before....
"you should completely drain your iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad's battery -- drain it until it shuts down on its own -- and then charge it back up to full."
This is terrible advice! Current generation rechargeable batteries don't need to be fully discharged and in fact you are reducing their lifespan by doing so. Best advice is to keep the charge as high as as you can so your point about plugging it in as often as possible is very good.
my iphone wont charge now since i updated it to ios 7
soooo sorry to hear that .... bad bad ios7 :(
but your post is sooooo original too. LMAO
The drain until dead thing has more to do with re-calibrating the gauge than with increasing battery life. Sometimes the meter equates a certain voltage with an incorrect percentage. Once I had an iPhone that drained very quickly, but then it stayed at 10% for two hours while playing a movie. Running the phone down past that re-calibrated the gauge so that subsequent drops from 100 to 10 was more representative of true power left. I agree that on a whole you shouldn't make this a habit, though, as Li based batts don't fare well after being completely drained (so there literally is no charge left).
Its okay they are very slim xx
Perhaps, but doing so recalibrates your battery indicator. Once a month is probably excessive. In fact, better advice may be to tell people to do this no more than once a month. However, if you're getting down to a 20% charge hours before you should be, there's a good chance the indicator is simply giving you bad information.
I've done power cycles where the last 1% of charge lasted over an hour -- in spite of running a Netflix movie trying to kill the battery.
Mine usually goes the other way. The 100%-90% drains quickly, the 90%-20% lasts a long time. That last 20% can go in a few minutes. Has been this way since I got the iPhone 4S, and draining the battery hasn't helped. I just get used to knowing that that last 20% is more like 2%.
I have the same behavior with my 4s. Never noticed it on my 4 or 3GS though that's hardly scientific...
I've been working with all types of batteries for a little over 5 years and I would have to disagree with this. Lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries (smart phones, laptops ect.) do actually gain capacity from a full cycle (going from no charge to full charge) I've witnessed this countless times during analysis and reconditioning of these particular batteries. These newer style batteries do not develop a 'memory' effect like older styles, but a good full cycle now and again will absolutely help overall capacity.
Apple says differently, but it is a controversial subject for some reason.
That's the difference between battery health and battery meter calibration - yes it's not good for the battery to discharge it (in terms of longevity) but it helps the phone's battery meter - Apple quite rightly recommend a balanced approach. If you upgrade every 2 years anyway, then you probably don't need to worry about discharging your phone too often.
I'd reckon this is to be done so the system can calibrate 100% and 0% battery condition.
Thank you! This is TERRIBLE ADVICE and is complete and total rubbish. This is a quick way to damage your battery. NEVER POWER CYCLE YOUR IPHONE. Period.
Without some solid evidence for each side of this battery cycle debate, the best advice would have to be: don't fully power cycle your battery all the time and don't plug it in all the time.
How many people have actually replaced their iPhone batteries anyway?
Yes, you are correct. That is terrible advice and is exactly the opposite of what you should do.
We are having the same difficulty. Can't even get it to 1%-so frustrated. Can't try anything because cant get a charge to do anything. Hating update!!!
"Use headphones instead of the speaker if you have to listen to audio or music" - This statement applies to people on public transport & walking around the streets also, others might not want to listen to low fidelity cheesy pop music.
But seriously: Settings > Privacy > Location services. Cull a few of those, then look at the system services in here also.
Please forgive a simple question, but if I do restore from iCloud, will it also restore my network settings? At home, of course, I can just reenter the key, but at work I'll need to track down our IT person and get her to enter the super secret SSID and key. Since my iPhone would be super low priority, that could take a week or longer.
Yes, it should. Just make sure you have an up-to-date backup on iCloud - which can also be evoked by going to Settings > iCloud > Storage & Backup > Back Up Now.
Also, try turning on inverted colors. Whatever is usually white turns black, and a black screen doesn't eat your battery like a starving beaver.
Battery issue is always been an issue for me since I got a smartphone.. I guess it's just how I use it and etc.. It doesn't really bother me anymore I just try to charge it whenever I get a chance to
don't use it as much??
So could I get a months use from a tank of gas if I don't drive that much
How stupid are apple users... no wonder they have to go to Apple geniuses...
Thanks for the tips and easy guide! Hopefully, my iPhone will not drain as drastically anymore. Ever since I updated to iOS7, my battery is like on an LTE mode. Apparently, the interface is not the only fluid on this update.
Cheers, Jean
how to fix battery issues:
Dont use it or turn it off...??
Are you an idiot for real?
I find that my devices are charging A LOT faster tan normal but barely stays charged on 1 full charging for the day. I.e. I used to remove charger @100% in the morning (8am) and come back home w around 54-70% easy.
Now my batt. Barely stays above 20%. This change obviously noticed literally over night.
This post saves batt. in general usage I guess, but won't save you 30%. That's non sense. I'm not going to "use my phone less" just because I can't save batt. N this new OS is not that interesting that I'm gawking at it to kill an extra 30% at least.
I did turn on the new auto AppStore updates and background app updating. If i were to guess these features constantly keep your antennae active even during rest. N w CDMA tech, we all know how much batt that takes.
Is it true that with ios7 you can't stop apps from running like u could before?
How do you stop apps from running on iPhone 5 iOS 7?
Simple. Double-press the Home button as before. You will see the "open" app screens and icons. Then you just 'flick" them up and they go away. You really don't have to do this with all apps, all the time, but you should probably routinely close apps that use resources such as Location Services or streaming (such as Maps, Pandora and the like).
Really these suggestions suck. Why have a phone if you are going to turn it off or put it in airplane mode? And plug it in? Thanks I wouldn't have thought of that one.
Seriously? I need to stop looking at my phone? And remember to charge it? Wow, that's a big help. This lame update caused my phone to die after 2.5 hours - of music! Not movies or phone calls etc. This is ridiculous, and it would have been nice to get some tips without the "your phone died because you're stoopid" introduction.
I guarantee I would have extended my battery life if I had not wasted my time reading this useless article... or posting this reply...
They actually paid you to write this?
I agree with you Nancy. "Stop using it so much" has got to be the worst advice. This article belongs on The Onion.
Maybe it's because I'm kind of pissed that my iPhone has dove from 100% to 73% in the few minutes it's taken me to read this article, but this article has irritated me so much I was compelled to actually create a login to comment. "Stop Using It So Much" has got to be the most god awful advice I have ever heard of. Thank you Miss OBVIOUS for the deep insight. If you got paid for this you should give half the check to the guy who mentioned Mophie. Now I'm at 57%. FML... No FMiOS7...
I am having battery issues on my 5s. Just to make sure that I wasn't imagining it I set a timer. After 30 minutes of where's my water 2, I went from 93% power down to 74%. That seems a bit excessive. Has anyone else noticed this type of power drain?
I am a really serious user of iPads. I use six of them at school every day. I had them plugged in charging last night for 9 hours, and this morning they were only at 56%, despite being unused all night. Every night the last year I awoke to 100% until two days ago. Yikes. To make matters worse, I took it in to the Apple Store today and they decided it was a software issue and restored it as new. Then I read your column and realized what was really the case. This shouldn't happen. I love iOS 7, but I would give it up to go back to better battery life.
I'm pretty sure my battery life is worse after restoring as new this weekend compared to when I did the OTA update last week.
I'm seeing the same thing -- though someone pointed out spotlight indexing as a possible cause above, so I've gone back to my original settings (everything else, AFAIK, has been set the same as I had it before). So we'll see...
"stop using it so much" isn't bad advice, but it's a bit misphrased. The way I'd say this is "look, when you get a new update you probably use the phone a lot more than usual and so your battery of course drains faster - you're using it MORE. Don't judge battery life until your use falls back into your normal pattern."
I was shocked the first day at how fast the battery declined. It's fine now, though. Some of that was that I was playing with the phone a lot on day 1, but even overnight with 50% it drained totally. What I did was to recharge it from 0% to full, then did a Reset All Settings (under General, Reset). NOTE that this resets your passwords, etc so make sure you know those. The combination of a full discharge and recharge and the reset gives me battery that so far feels about like what I had under iOS 6.
Also, someone above mentioned Spotlight and this is another reason not to freak out on day 1. On the first day I had Spotlight indexing and apps autoupdating as everyone was releasing new versions for iOS7. Now that stuff has also settled down.
In short, ignore what your battery is like the first day or two. Once most of your apps are updated, Spotlight's had a chance to index things and your usage is back to your regular pattern, see what it's like. If you still see bad battery life, try a full discharge and recharge and a Reset All. Yes, I know, the full discharge isn't great... but doing one every year for an iOS update won't hurt things.
Georgia the baby kitten!
No battery problems at all with iOS 7 on the old '5'. Still at 72% after 21 hours (the last time it was at 100%), with several phone calls, location-based notifications, Siri requests (wi-fi), Maps direction finding (LTE), app updates (wi-fi), alarms and timers, news notifications, and using many apps all day.
Everything under "4. Turn off what you're not using" is turned on. I find that the biggest battery hogs are the graphics-intensive games. And, just like rickg1 said above, immediately after updating, I noticed that there were over 100 apps in App Store that needed updating. Even after the "restore" procedure (more on that.) So there was a whole lot of network traffic and file system activity for the entire first day of iOS 7 GM use. Turns out that the GM is identical to the public 7.0 release.
Also, caveat: I installed the GM of iOS 7 the way you install all beta releases, as a "restore," about a week ago. You back up your iPhone, do a full "restore" from the GM which resets your iPhone to the equivalent of a fresh-from-the-factory new unit, then restore your own data and settings from that backup. This is not the same as an incremental over-the-air update. At all. So maybe my results are good because I did more or less a clean install.
Update: this morning the battery was still at 52%, more than 30 hours after the last time it was at 100%. With more than average usage. On an iPhone 5 exactly 1 year and 1 day old.
After doing several meta searches on this issue and reading many articles... I found that Georgia's is the best written, most informative and most useful. Thanks!
Hello Rod,
So what do you think is the best way to not drain your battery life before the end of the day? and if we could buy and use boosters like charge stations or pocket batteries? what do you think would be the best way?
Video Tutorials!!
IOS 7 Battery Saving Tips here: http://youtu.be/9tjrFRzHFlY
Increase your iOS 7 Privacy settings Here: http://youtu.be/31NXkIqMuAQ
Im using iphone 5s 32gb... While on standby mode... The battery drained fast...can someone help me?
Sent from the iMore App
i had an iPhone 4s that would run out in literally half an hour it got to the stage where it could barely be on without being charged now i realise what a good idea setting up my 5s as new was and georgia in respects to loosing your game data about half of my apps if not three quarters had some cloud save or account or link which meant the first time i opened up the app i was able to retrieve my game data
Sadly apple needs to focus more on battery life than paper thin devices. Nobody would complain if it was a mm or two thicker and had a much larger battery inside the device.
The battery life on my iPhone 5S is not too bad. It goes down about 1% every hour on standby.
Restore helped me out.
The bttery on my ipad mini with retina is very impressive....


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Endowment Campaign
The need for top-performing internal auditors has never been greater. Highly trained professionals are in demand across all industries and throughout the public sector.
Recognizing this need, and with seed money from the Dallas chapter of The Institute of Internal Auditors, the UT Dallas Center for Internal Auditing Excellence established an endowment to support student scholarships, seminars and conferences, research and educational programs.
The UT Dallas internal auditing program is recognized by the Institute of Internal Auditors as one of only two university programs in the U.S. and five in the world as a Center for Internal Auditing Excellence. The program's graduates, considered among the best in the field, are sought by internationally renowned corporations and organizations.
If you would like to discuss the endowment and the benefits to you or your organization, please call Mark Salamasick the center's director, at 972-883-4729 or email him at email@example.com. The levels of support and benefits are listed below. Checks should be made to UT Dallas Center for Internal Auditing Excellence Endowment and mailed to:
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text:
BioShock Infinite sells 4 million, Borderlands 2 7 million
Take-Two expects Infinite to become the 'highest-selling release' in the BioShock franchise.
BioShock Infinite has sold in excess of 4 million copies, Take-Two has announced.
The title, which went on sale in March, is expected to become the highest-selling release in the BioShock franchise, according to CEO Strauss Zelnick.
Borderlands 2, released last September, has also broken the 7 million sales barrier, Zelnick revealed.
The game remains on track to become the highest-selling release in the history of 2K.
Take-Two revealed the sales figures during its FY14 Q1 earnings call this evening. The call is currently ongoing.


text:
We've got a tag, closed. It is applied to a heterogenous set of topics: closed source, closed network connections, etc. Do we want to get rid of it?
I've killed off the closed tag, but there is a much bigger problem...
The close tag also exists, and it's running a good 800 questions strong, and follows the same pattern of ambiguity.


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Trade and Capacity Building in Agro Industry
Trade Capacity Building in agro-industry products for the establishment and proof of compliance with international market requirements
The project encompasses Arusha and Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, Nairobi in Kenya, Kampala in Uganda, Kigali in Rwanda and Bujumbura in Burundi and is coordinated by the EAC Secretariat in cooperation with relevant Ministries
The project aims to strengthen the Metrology Standardization Testing and quality assurance (MSTQ) infrastructure of EAC countries and their capacity to comply with the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreements. This is being achieved by strengthening human and institutional capacities of both public sector (normative and regulatory function) and of private sector for the EAC member countries to be able to meet international requirements regarding standards, quality and conformity assessment procedures in strategic export markets. Harmonization of laws and regulations, including implementation of international standards area are an essential pre-requisite for regional and international trade liberalization.
The project will, through a coordinated effort at regional level enhance the capacity of the five participating countries as a whole to participate in international trade, mainly through (1) the enhancement of enterprises' capacity to produce according to international market requirements and through (2) the strengthening of export-oriented support services, mainly relating to conformity assessment. In particular, the project will enhance the institutional capacity and services of the participating countries to implement the WTO agreements on TBT and SPS.
Such regional trade capacity building and harmonization will lead not only to better access to industrialized markets, but will also facilitate trade exchanges between the three countries and with countries from other sub-regional groupings such as COMESA, SADC, etc., where similar capacity building and harmonization is on the way. More specifically, the project will assess the regional and national challenges affecting the key export products, assist in establishing regional coordination mechanisms, develop a regional harmonized food safety framework and develop a harmonized standards and quality framework as well as regionally harmonized conformity assessment infrastructure.
For more information on this project: firstname.lastname@example.com
For more information about UNIDO: firstname.lastname@example.com
Expected Outcomes, Outputs:
Outcome 1: EAC Secretariat is able to enhance the regional harmonization and cooperation efforts and establish a regional infrastructure in the food safety area.
- A harmonized regional food safety legal framework and cooperation on SPS matters
- Regional awareness is raised on food safety/ standards/quality issues for local consumer safety and compliance with international market requirements
Outcome 2: In each country, the national capacity in SPS related issues at general and regulatory, institutional and enterprise levels, established/upgraded.
- Technical and logistical support provided to national institutions to participate effectively in regional harmonization of SPS measures
- WTO SPS and TBT enquiry points are able to provide effective services
- Selected national chemical testing laboratory is upgraded based on needs identified and assisted to accreditation in selected scopes
- Selected national microbiology laboratory/ phytosanitary inspection services are upgraded based on needs identified and assisted to accreditation in selected scopes
- Selected agro-enterprises upgraded by applying HACCP/ISO 22000 Food Safety Management Systems
- EAC SPS Protocol being finalized including specific measures for animal health and plant health ready and food safety
- Business guides on SPS protocol developed in liaison with the EABC
- Several fruit and vegetable standards have been harmonized
- Food Safety week introduced as an annual event in each of the five partner states
- Development of National Food Safety Policy for Kenya
- ISO 22000 lead auditor and internal auditor trainings conducted with over 30 auditors registered under IRCA
- National SPS committee constituted: this committee brings together key government institutions involved in sanitary and phytosanitary measures and private sector organizations affected.
- 12 EAC participants sponsored for the Proficiency Testing & laboratory accreditation EURACHEM conference in Rome. Another Accreditation training conducted Rwanda in which 30 participants in EAC partner states participated
- WTO TBT/SPS Enquiry Points training conducted. Subsequently, Information equipment supplied to 5 WTO national Enquiry Points and the official Notification Authority (Ministry of Trade). The contact points (national enquiry points) that benefited include KEBS, DVS, KEPHIS, Fisheries, Min of Public Health and Sanitation. Laboratory equipment for KEBS microbiology laboratory
- Introduction of Food safety post graduate diploma and Msc. Programme at the University of Nairobi. The course officially kicked off in October 2010
- Support to 12 SMEs in Kenya (and in each partner state) in the horticultural and fish value chains is ongoing


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Includes veterans' benefits, starting and running a business, unemployment, County job openings, and selling to the County.
Includes the courts, most wanted, law enforcement, sealing a record, victims' services, jury duty etc.
Includes planning, building codes and permits, owning and renting a property, and property tax assessments
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Includes adopting a pet, animal control, and local vets and shelters
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July 23, 2010
Then travel the 2010 Heritage Trail on August 7 and 8, which features 19 museum stops from Roseville to North Lake Tahoe. Admission is free at each site, all open from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. both days.
The museums highlight the work done by brave adventurers who transformed early Placer County. They discovered gold, built the transcontinental railroad through the high Sierra, delivered mail across the mountains traveling on long, skinny skis, and moved wagons up granite cliffs in search of a new life. Long before the Gold Rush brought major change, Native Americans maintained a sophisticated culture here.
Using artifacts and anecdotes, the Heritage Trail will celebrate these early Californians, their achievements, and more, while also highlighting the joys and challenges of everyday life. Visitors can try many hands-on activities, such as panning for gold, baking biscuits in an 1890's wood stove, climbing aboard a real stagecoach, and racing to the finish line in an old-fashioned gunny sack.
A display of historic telephones is open for viewing at the Roseville Telephone Museum, which is part of the Heritage Trail.
Many of the museums will also offer fun food and beverages, such as cookies, hand-churned ice cream, root beer floats, Indian flat bread and lemonade.
All the museums are easy to reach from Interstate 80. Five valley museums are in South Placer. Six Auburn museums are located within one mile of the Historic Courthouse. There are eight mountain museums, located in North Lake Tahoe, Alta/Dutch Flat, Colfax and the Donner Lake areas.
Special low-cost bus tours will be available both days. Reservations are required, and seating is limited.
For more information, visit the www.theheritagetrail.blogspot.com, or the Placer County website, www.placer.ca.gov. The official trail guide is posted online in the blog spot. Copies will also be available in local museums. The Placer County Museum Division can be reached at 530-889-6500 weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. to make bus reservations or to obtain more information.
The Heritage Trail is sponsored by Capital Public Radio, SureWest, Placer County, and the Native Sons of the Golden West, Auburn Parlor 59.
Leather ski bindings are part of a large display of "snowshoes" as skis were called in the gold mining camps. The display is at the Western Ski Sport Museum at Boreal Ski Area.
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