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Perspective of Antarctica in 1911
Exploration of the Antarctic - Part7
See also Chronology of Antarctic Exploration.
In 1911, the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was in full stride and the world's understanding of the nature of Antarctica was being shaped by many new facts. An interesting snapshot of Antarctica at this time, after the Nimrod Expedition, but before the expeditions to the South Pole was the entry on Polar Regions in the 1911 Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica which summarized the view of Antarctica at that time:
Physiography of Antarctic Region
In contrast to the Arctic region, the Antarctic is essentially a land area. It is almost certain that the South Pole lies on a great plateau, part of a land that must be larger and loftier than Greenland, and may probably be as large as Australia. This land area may be composed of two main masses, or of one continent and a great archipelago, but it can no longer be doubted that the whole is of continental character as regards its rocks, and that it is permanently massed into one surface with ice and snow, which in some parts at least unites lands separated by hundreds of miles of sea. But all round the land-mass there is a ring of deep ocean cutting off the Antarctic region from all other land of the earth and setting it apart as a region by itself, more unlike the rest of the world than any continent or island. The expedition of the "Scotia " showed the great depth of the Weddell Sea area, and the attention paid to soundings surroundings? on other expeditions - notably that of the "Belgica" - has defined the beginning of a continental shelf which it cannot be doubted slopes up to land not yet sighted. In the Arctic region large areas within the Polar Circle belong to climatically temperate Europe, and to habitable lands of Asia and America; but in the Antarctic region extensive lands - Graham Land, Louis Philippe Land, Joinville Island, and the Palmer archipelago outside the Antarctic Circle|Polar Circle - partake of the typically polar character of the higher latitudes, and even the islands on the warmer side of the sixtieth parallel are of a sub-Antarctic nature, akin rather to lands of the frigid than to those of the temperate zone.
Definite information as to the geology of Antarctic land is available from three areas – Graham Land and the archipelago to the north of it, Kaiser Wilhelm Land and Victoria Land. In the Graham Land region there seems to be a fundamental rock closely resembling the Archaean. Palaeozoic rocks have not been discovered so far in this region, although a graptolite fossil, probably of Ordovician age, shows that they occur in the South Orkneys. Mesozoic rocks have been found in various parts of the archipelago, a very rich Jurassic fossil flora of ferns, conifers and cycads having been studied by Nordenskjold, some of the genera found being represented also in the rocks of South America, South Africa, India and Australia. Cretaceous ammonites have also been found, and Tertiary fossils, both of land and of marine forms, bring the geological record down probably to Miocene times, the fauna including five genera of extinct penguins. Raised beaches show an emergence of the land in Quaternary times, and there is evidence of a recent glacial period when the inland ice on Graham Land was a thousand feet higher than it is now. The most prominent features of the scenery are due to eruptive rocks, which have been identified as belonging to the eruptive system of the Andes, suggesting a geologically recent connection between South America and the Antarctic lands. Volcanic activity is not yet extinct in the region.
As regards Kaiser Wilhelm Land, the Gaussberg is a volcanic cone mainly composed of leucite-basalt, but its slopes are strewn with erratics presumably transported from the south and these include gneiss, mica-schist and quartzite, apparently Archaean.
Much more is known as to the geology of Victoria Land, and the results are well summarized by Professor David and Mr. Priestley of Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition, whom we follow. From Cape North (71° S.) to 86° S, a grand mountain range runs south curving to south-eastward, where it vanishes into the unknown; it is built up of gneiss and granite, and of horizontal beds of sandstone and limestone capped with eruptive rock, the peaks rising to heights of 8,000, 10,000 and even 15,000 feet, the total length of the range so far as known being at least 1,100 miles. This range rises abruptly from the sea, or from the ice of the Great Barrier, and forms a slightly higher edge to a vast snow plateau which has been traversed for several hundred miles in various directions, and may for aught we know extend farther for a thousand miles or more. The accumulated snows of this plateau discharge by the hugest glaciers in the world down the valleys between the mountains. About 78° S. a group of volcanic islands, of which Ross Island, with the active Mt Erebus is the largest, rise from the sea in front of the range, and at the northern extremity the volcanic peaks of the Balleny Islands match them in height. The composition of the volcanic rocks is similar to that of the volcanic rocks of the southern part of New Zealand. The oldest rocks of Victoria Land are apparently banded gneiss and gneissic granite, which may be taken as Archaean. Older Palaeozoic rocks are represented by greenish grey slates from the sides of the Beardmore glacier and by radiolarian cherts; but the most widespread of the sedimentary rocks occurring in vast beds in the mountain faces is that named by Ferrar the Beacon sandstones, which in the far south Shackleton found to be banded with seams of shale and coal amongst which a fossil occurred which has been identified as coniferous wood and suggests that the place of the formation is Lower Carboniferous or perhaps Upper Devonian. No Mesozoic strata have been discovered, but deposits of peat derived from fungi and moss are now being accumulated in the fresh-water lakes of Ross Island, and raised beaches show a recent change of level. The coast-line appears to be of the Atlantic, not the Pacific type, and may owe its position and trend to a great fault, or series of faults, in the line of which the range of volcanoes, Mt Melbourne, Mt Erebus, and Mt Discovery, stand. Boulders of gneiss, quartzite, and sandstone have been dredged at so many points between the Balleny Islands and the Weddell Sea that there can be no doubt of the existence of similar continental land along the whole of that side, at least within the Antarctic Circle
Antarctic Ice-Conditions
It is difficult to decide whether the ice of the polar regions should be dealt with as a geological formation or a meteorological phenomenon, but in the Antarctic the ice is so characteristic a feature that it may well be considered by itself. So far as can be judged, the total annual precipitation in the Antarctic region is very slight, probably not mere than the equivalent of 10 in. of rain, and perhaps less. It was formerly supposed that the immense accumulation of snow near the South Pole produced an ice-cap several miles in thickness which, creeping outward all round, terminated in the sea in vast ice-cliffs, such as those of Ross's Great Barrier, whence the huge flat-topped ice-islands broke off and floated away. Evidence, both in the Graham Land and in the Victoria Land areas, points to a former much greater extent of the ice-cap. Thus Shackleton found that the summit of Mt Hope, in 83° 30' S., which stands 2000 feet above the ice of the surrounding glaciers, was strewn with erratics which must have been transported by ice from the higher mountains to the south and west. In McMurdo Sound, as in Graham Land, evidence was found that the surface of the ice-sheet was once at least a thousand feet above its present level. These facts appear to indicate a period of greater snowfall in the geologically recent past—i.e. a period of more genial climate allowing the air to carry more water vapour to the southern mountains. Whatever may have been the case in the past the Antarctic glaciers are now greatly shrunken and many of them no longer reach the sea. Others project into the sea a tongue of hard ice, which in the case of the Drygalski glacier tongue is 30 m. long, and afloat probably for a considerable distance. Some of these glacier tongues of smaller size appear now to be cut off at their shoreward end from the parent glacier. At one time the Victoria Land glacier tongues may have been confluent, forming a great ice barrier along the coast similar to the small ice-barriers which clothe the lower slopes of some of the islands in Gerlache Strait. The Great Ice Barrier is in many ways different from these. Captain Scott showed that it was afloat for at least 400 m. of its extent from west to east. Sir Ernest Shackleton followed it for 400 m. from north to south, finding its surface in part thrown into long gentle undulations, but with no evidence of the surface being otherwise than level on the average. The all-but- forgotten experiments and cogitations of Biscoe convinced that shrewd observer that all Antarctic icebergs were sea-ice thickened with snow "accumulated with time." The recent expeditions seem to confirm this view to a great extent in the case of the Barrier, which, so far as the scientific men on the "Nimrod" could see, was formed everywhere of compressed neve, not of true glacier ice. Instances have been seen of tabular bergs floating with half their bulk above water, showing that they are of very much less density than solid ice. The thrust of the glaciers which descend from the western mountains upon the Barrier throws it into sharp crevassed folds near the point of contact, the disturbance extending 10 miles from the tip of the Beardmore glacier, and the seaward creep of the whole surface of the Barrier is possibly due to this impulse, the rate of movement at the eastern side of the Barrier was found to be at the rate of 500 yds. per annum for the seven years between Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions.
Pack ice composed of broken-up sea-ice and fragments of icebergs appears to form a floating breakwater round the Antarctic area. It is penetrated by powerful steamers with ease or with difficulty according to the action of the wind which loosens the pack when it drives it towards the open sea, and closes it up when it drives it against a coast or a barrier of fast ice. At every point but one around the circumpolar area the pack, be it light or dense, appears to extend up to the southern permanent ice or land, though, as in the Weddell Sea, the pack seems at times to be driven bodily away. The exceptional region is the opening of the Ross Sea east of Cape Adare, where a comparatively narrow band of pack ice has always been penetrated by the resolute advance even of sailing ships and led to an extensive open sea to the south. No doubt the set of the ocean currents accounts for this, but how they act is still obscure. The great flat-topped ice-islands which in some years drift out from the Antarctic area in great numbers are usually met with in all parts of the Southern Ocean south of 50° S . and worn-down icebergs have been sighted in the Atlantic even as far north as 26° 30' S. The greater frequency of icebergs in the Southern Ocean in some years is attributed to earthquakes in the Antarctic breaking off masses of the floating edge of the Barrier.
Antarctic Climate
Although a vast mass of observations has recently been accumulated, it is not yet possible to treat the climate of the South Polar region in the same broad way as in the case of the North Polar region. The following table shows the mean temperatures of each month and of the year at all the stations at which, the Antarctic winter has been passed. The result is to show that while the winter is on the whole less severe at high latitudes that at equal latitudes in the north, the summer is very much colder, and has little relation to latitude. Even in the South Orkneys, in latitude 60°, in the three warmest months the air scarcely rises above the freezing point as an average, while in Shetland (60° N.) the temperature of the three summer months averages 54° F. But on the other hand, the warmest month of the year even in 77° S. has had a mean temperature as high as 30°. A study of the figures quoted in the accompanying table shows that until longer records become available it is impossible to speak definitely as to the normal distribution of monthly temperature throughout the year, for even at the same station in consecutive years the months vary greatly. Thus at Snow Hill (65° S.) the mean temperature of August 1903 was 13.5° higher than that of August 1902, though June had been 7° colder; and at the "Discovery's" winter quarters July 1903 was 13° colder than July 1902 though June was 2° warmer, August having exactly the same mean temperature in each year. The mean temperature of the year is evidently higher in the position of the "Belgica's" drift than in Victoria Land at the same latitude; but it is noticeable that on the west side of Graham Land, where Charcot wintered, the average mean temperature was (taking the average of his two winterings) 15° higher than on the east side, where Nordenskjold wintered in nearly the same latitude. The observations, however, were not synchronous, and it may not be right to compare them. We may perhaps say that along the whole of the known Antarctic coasts the temperature in the two midsummer months is within a degree or two of 32° F., and varies little from place to place or from year to year; but in the winter months the temperature is lower as the latitude increases and is subject to great variations from place to place and from year to year. It seems quite possible that at no place in the Antarctic region do the mean monthly sea-level winter temperatures fall so low as in the Arctic poles of cold, but data regarding winter temperatures in the interior are lacking. All the complete yearly series of temperature show that the winter six months from April to September have a low and nearly equal temperature, there being a very abrupt fall in February and March, and an equally abrupt rise in October and November. The warmest day experienced at the "Discovery's" winter-quarters had a mean temperature of 34.7°, and the coldest -45.7°, the extreme range of daily temperature being thus 80.4°.
ca 70oS.
Cape Adare
Snow Hill
64o 30'S
65o 2'S.
77o 51'S.
Cape Royds
77o 51'S.
S. Orkney
77o 51'S.
Wandel Island
65o S
Peterman Island
65o 10'S
+ 22.5
(+ 15.9)
+ 14.1
+ 10.8
+ 10.3
- 7.1
- 4.6
+ 1.7
+ 17.1
|June .
+ 4.1
+ 11.8
- 0.6
- 8.1
+ 11 7
- 1.3
- 5.7
+ 11.7
+ 8.9
|+ 19.0
+ 18.7
+ 17.8
+ 31.5
+ 9.4
- 3.0
+ 3.4
|Mar. 1 to
Feb 28.
Jan. 31
|Mar. 1
Feb. 28
|Feb 19 to
Feb. 18
|Feb. 9 to
Jan. 31
|Feb. 1 to
Jan. 31
|Dec 26
Nov 2
The absolutely lowest temperature recorded in the Antarctic region was -66.8°on a journey southward from the "Discovery's" winter-quarters by Lieut. Barne on the 15th of September 1903; the lowest temperature at the winter-quarters was -58.5° on the 28th of September 1903. On Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition the lowest temperature was -57°; but no other expedition met temperatures lower than -45.6° on the "Belgica," -43.1" at Cape Adare, and -41.4° on the "Gauss." Sudden rises of temperature during storms arc common in the Antarctic region, from whichever quarter the wind blows.
During the ascent of Mt Erebus the temperature was found to fall as the height increased, from 0°F. at sea-level to -34° at 5,000 ft.; it remained stationary to 8,600 ft., fell to -28° at 10,650 ft., and then rose to -22° at 11,500 ft., and fell a few degrees at the summit. It might appear as if the 'isothermal layer" of the upper atmosphere had been reached at a remarkably low elevation; but the temperature variations may also be explained by differences in the temperature of the strong ail currents which were passed through.
Pressure and Winds
The normal fall of pressure southward, which gives rise to the strong westerly winds of the roaring forties, appears to be arrested about 65° S., and to be succeeded by a rise of pressure farther south. This view is supported by the frequency of south-easterly winds in the neighbourhood of the Antarctic Circle reported by all explorers, and the hypothesis of a south polar anticyclone or area of high pressure over the Antarctic continent has gained currency in advance of any observations to establish it. The complete data of Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition are not available at the time of writing, but the yearly mean pressure as recorded at the "Discovery's" winter-quarters was 29.35 inches for 1902, and 29-23 inches for 1903. At Cape Adare it was 29-13 inches for 1890, in the "Belgica" 29-31 inches for 1898, and in the "Gauss" 29-13 inches for 1902. These figures, so far as they are comparable, show distinctly higher pressures in the higher latitudes, and the wind observations bear out the inference of a south-polar high pressure area, as at the "Discovery's" winter-quarters 80% of the winds had an easterly component, and only 3% a westerly component. It is bewildering, however, to find that on the sledge journeys there was an equally marked preponderance of wind with a westerly component, and in discussing the result in the published records of the expedition Mr. R. H. Curtis, of the Meteorological Office, felt compelled to ask whether the correction for variation of the compass (in that region about 145°) was possibly omitted in the case of the sledge journeys. The "Gauss" observations and those at Cape Adare bore out the frequency of easterly winds, and on the "Scotia " it was observed that practically all of the easterly winds met with were to the south of the Antarctic Circle. The "Belgica" found rather more westerly than easterly winds in her drift; easterly winds predominating in summer, westerly winds in winter. At Cape Royds, Shackleton found easterly winds to predominate, the most frequent direction being south-east; but on the great southern journey, south-south-east winds prevailed, occasionally swinging round to south-south-west, and even at the farthest south (88°S.) the ridges into which the snow was blown, 10,000 ft. above the sea, showed that south-southeasterly winds predominated. On the journey to the Magnetic Pole Professor David found that along the coast the prevailing winds were south-westerly, with occasional blizzards from the south-east, but he noticed that the westerly winds were of the nature of a land breeze, springing up soon after midnight and continuing to blow fresh until about 10 a.m. Thus, the balance of probability inclines towards the hypothesis of a south-polar high-pressure area. An upper current of air blowing from a north-westerly direction was usually indicated by the clouds and smoke on Mt Erebus, and on the occasion of a great eruption, when the steam column reached more than 20,000 ft. above the sea it entered a still higher stratum of wind blowing from the south-east.
The intensity of the blizzards is worthy of remark, for the velocity of the wind often reached 40 or even 60 miles an hour, and they were usually accompanied by a rapid rise of temperature.
Observations of sunshine made at the "Discovery's" winter-quarters yielded many records of continuous sunshine extending throughout 24 consecutive hours, and in the summer months about 50% of the possible sunshine was often recorded, the maximum being 400 hours, or 66% of the total possible for December 1903. Thus, although the sun was above the horizon only for 246 days, it shone sufficiently to yield more than 1,725 hours of bright sunshine for the year, an amount exceeded in few parts of England, where the sun may shine on 365 days. The intensity of solar radiation in the clear weather of the Antarctic makes it feel exceedingly hot even when the air temperature is far below the freezing point. There is a great difference between the clear skies of 78° S. and the extremely frequent fogs which shroud the coast near the Antarctic Circle and render navigation and surveying exceedingly difficult. Heavy snowstorms are frequent on the coast, but inland during the snow blizzards it is impossible to say whether the whirling snow-dust is falling from the air or being swept from the ground. Professor David is inclined to believe that the surface of the snow-plains is being lowered more by the action of the wind sweeping the snow out to sea than it is raised by precipitation, the total amount of which appears to be very small.
Flora and Fauna
Recent expeditions have discovered that, despite the low temperature of the summer, in which no month has a mean temperature appreciably above the freezing point, there are on the exposed Antarctic land patches of ground with a sparse growth of cryptogamic vegetation consisting of mosses, lichens, fungi and fresh-water algae. The richest vegetation discovered on the "Nimrod" expedition consisted of sheets of a lichen or fungoid growth, covering the bottom of the freshwater lakes near Cape Royds, and visible through the clear ice throughout the many months when the water is frozen. No flowering plants occur within the Antarctic Circle or in the immediately adjacent lands.
The marine fauna is very rich and abundant. All the expeditions obtained many new species, and the resemblance which occurs between many of the forms and those which inhabit the Arctic seas has given rise to the hypothesis that certain species have been able to pass from one frigid zone to the other. It is argued on the other hand that all the forms which resemble each other in the two polar areas are cosmopolitan, and occur also in the intermediate seas; but the so-called "problem of bipolarity" is still unsettled. Bird life on sea and land is fairly abundant, the most common forms being the skua gull, snow petrels, and the various species of penguins. The penguins are specially adapted for an aquatic-life, and depend for their food entirely on marine animals. The largest species, the emperor penguin, inhabits the most southerly coast known on the edge of the Great Barrier, and there it breeds at mid-winter, very interesting specializations of structure and habit making this apparently impossible feat practicable. The social organization and habits of the various species of penguins have been carefully studied, and show that these birds have arrived at a stage of what might almost be called civilization worthy of the most intelligent beings native to their continent. The only mammalian life in the Antarctic is marine, in the form of various species of whales, but not the "right whale," and a few species of seals which live through the winter by keeping open blow-holes in the sea-ice. There is no trace of any land animal except a few species of minute wingless insects of a degenerate type. The fresh-water ponds teem with microscopic life, the lardigrada, or "water bears" and rotifers showing a remarkable power of resistance to low temperature, being thawed out alive after being frozen solid for months and perhaps for years.


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Read more ... and more ...
Engquist Receives 2012 AMS-SIAM Birkhoff Prize
Jan 5 , 2012Bjorn Engquist has been awarded the 2012 AMS-SIAM George David Birkhoff Prize in Applied Mathematics, "for his contributions to a wide range of powerful computational methods over more than three decades," the prize citation says. "His work blends mathematical analysis, modeling, and computation, and has led to numerical tools with enormous impact across a broad range of applications, including aerodynamics, acoustics, electromagnetism, computational fluid mechanics, and computational geoscience." Read more ...
Babuska Receives 2012 AMS Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement
Jan 5, 2012Ivo M. Babuska has been awarded the 2012 AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement, "for his many pioneering advances in the numerical solution of partial differential equations over the last half century." The prize citation goes on to say: "In his work on finite element methods, Babuska has developed and applied mathematics in profound ways to develop, analyze, and validate algorithms which are crucial for computational science and engineering. In so doing, he has helped to define that field, and has had a great impact on the modern world. A constant characteristic of Babuska's work is the combination of deep and imaginative mathematical analysis with a constant concern for the practical implications of his work for engineering applications." Read more ...
Dr. Stepp receives a President's Associates Teaching Excellence Award
Dec 5, 2011Dr. Stepp has been selected to receive a President's Associates Teaching Excellence Award for the year 2011-12. Congratulations to Elizabeth on this well-deserved recognition of her dedication and excellence in teaching.
Dr. Alessio Figalli Receives the Peccot-Vimont Prize
Oct 1, 2011Dr Alessio Figalli receives the Peccot-Vimont Prize 2011 and Cours Peccot 2012 of the Collège de France. Further details to follow.
Dr. Lexing Ying Received the 9th Feng Kang Award
Sept 20 , 2011Dr. Lexing Ying has been awarded the 9th Feng Kang Prize for Scientific Computing from the Chinese Academy of Science, for his significant contributions in fast algorithms in scientific computing.
Mathematics Welcomes Its Fall 2011 New Members
Aug 18, 2011
The Department would like to welcome all of its new members. This semester,
thirteen new faculty members and twenty graduate students has joined the
Read more ...
Engquist receives Hernici Prize
June 21 , 2011Prof. Engquist has been selected to receive the Peter Henrici prize awarded jointly by ETH Zurich and SIAM. He will receive the prize at the 2011 ICIAM Conference in Canada.
Professor Bill Guy Jr. Passed Away
May 22 , 2011Our distinguished colleague, Dr. Bill Guy, Jr. passed away on May 22 at his home in Austin. Dr Guy was a dearly beloved professor on campus who contributed much to our University, our College and especially our Department.
Williams Scholar Award given to 6 outstanding students
May 12 , 2011Six outstanding students, Lauren Grimley, Xiaomeng Jiang, Eileen Martin, Sean Simmons, Ruoqing Wang and Laura Warner has been awarded Spring 2011 Williams Scholars.
Eileen Martin has been named a Goldwater Scholar
April 15 , 2011Our student, Eileen Martin, has been awarded a Goldwater Scholarship, the premier undergraduate award of its type in mathematics, natural sciences and engineering. Eileen is being recognized for her work extending methods and theorems in frame theory to the study of differential topology.
Apr 5, 2011
Rodin and Sofer Wins CNS Outreach Innovation Award
Altha Rodin and Adriana Sofer have been awarded the 2011 College of Natural Sciences Outreach Innovation Award for their achievement and effort in establishing the Mathematics Teachers' Circle of Austin, a professional learning community that brings together middle school math teachers and professional mathematicians so that they may work together and learn from each other.
Margaret Combs Retires
Feb 28, 2011
After 27 years of dedicated service to the department, Margaret Combs retires from UT Austin. A reception was held on Feb 25, 2010 honoring her exceptional service to the University.
Margaret has won this year's UT Austin Outstanding Staff award. She is also a recipient of the inaugural Mathematics department staff excellence award.
Peter Mueller Joins Department
Oct 24, 2010
Bayesian statistician Dr. Peter Mueller from M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
will join the Mathematics faculty in January 2011.
Read more ...
J. Arledge Wins John Durbin Teaching Award
Sep 13, 2010
Dr. Jane Arledge is the 2010-11 recipient of the
John R. Durbin Teaching Excellence Award in Mathematics.
Read more ...
Mathematics Welcomes Its Fall 2010 New Faculty
Aug 24, 2010
The Department would like to welcome all of its new members. This semester,
ten new faculty members and twenty-six graduate students has joined the
Read more ...
Blumberg is featured on UT web central
Aug 10, 2010
Andrew Blumberg is featured on UT web central, for his recent
research on "locational Privacy".
Read more ...
J. Vick Receives Piper Award
May 3, 2010
James Vick
has been recognized as a Minnie Stevens
Piper Professor for 2010
Read more ...
B. Engquist is named a SIAM Fellow
March 31, 2010
Bjorn Engquist
has been selected as a 2010 SIAM Fellow, for his contributions to numerical analysis and multiscale modeling.
Read more ...
John Tate Wins the 2010 Abel Prize
March 24, 2010
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has awarded the 2010
Abel Prize to John Tate, for his vast and lasting impact on
the theory of numbers.
Read more ...
City of Austin won WTS Award
March 24, 2010
The City of Austin recently won WTS International's Innovative Project
Solutions Award for its piloting of experimental bicycle facilities. The
pilot study, led by UT researchers Randy Machemehl and Jennifer Duthie,
has shown shared road pavement markings
reduces motorist-bicyclist conflicts.
Read more ...
Invited Speakers @ ICM 2010
February 1, 2010
ICES faculty
Tom Hughes and
Mary Wheeler will give invited
addresses at the 2010 International Congress of Mathematicians
in Hyderabad, India.
Read more ...
Simons Postdoctoral Fellowship at UT Math
November 7, 2009
For Fall 2010 the Department of Mathematics will offer one 3-year postdoctoral fellowship supported by the Simons Foundation. This position carries a stipend of $70,000 plus travel, et al for three years with a requirement to teach three classes, including one at graduate level. The main constraint is that the successful candidate should have received their Ph.D. within 12 months proceeding his/her appointment.
Fall 2009 Department Awards
October 27, 2009
Professor Mike Starbird and James Vick won Regents' Outstanding Teaching Awards. Professor Natasa Pavlovic won the first John R. Durbin Teaching Excellence Award in Mathematics. Zachary Miner won Math Dept Outstanding Teaching Award. John Meth, Allison Moore and Rory Rother won Frank Gerth III Teaching Excellence Awards. Hector Chang, Keenan Kidwell and Travis Mandel won Frank Gerth III Graduate Excellence Awards.
Professor Irene Gamba Receives NSF awards
September 16, 2009
Professor Irene M. Gamba, together with chemical engineering Professor Charles Mullins and chemistry Professor Allen Bard have received about $2.5 million grants to identify new materials that will efficiently absorb sunlight and split water into clean hydrogen fuel, which could power cars and be used to generate electricity.


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Dayton >Pet Services > Posh Pets
6394 Far Hills Ave, Dayton, OH | Directions 4545939.651109 -84.157014
VERY UNPROFESSIONAL- The owner of this business called my Upscale Pet Day Spa to ask one of my employees to work for her. Trust me, when you are a pet groomer, integrity is everything. The owner of this business only believes that what she does when people are watching is important. The only thing classy about this business is the name.
Posh pets has new owners and management. – Please visit our new location at 6394 Far Hills Avenue in Centerville. We are under new management with new owners. We still have our same wonderful groomers, Alicia, Marci, Mealie and Barb. We would love to show you around.
Bad feeling... – I walk in to pick up my dog and some poor dog (I swore it was mine) is screaming in the back area. I must have looked concerned so the rude lady at front desk tells me, obviously unconcerned, oh its just so and so and he hates to be groomed. Well it sounded like it didnt just hate it it sounded like it was being hurt. It didn't stop the entire time I was there what could they have possibly been doing??? No wonder my dog about bolted when I tried to walk through the door. I just have a bad feeling about this place...didnt like the atmospheare at all. I'll go somewhere else next time.
Owner rude serivce horrible – The owner gets on the phone to call another customer before she can finish with you and then you have to wait, my dog came home wth mats under the arm pit, weasked for him to be cut short but no they did not do that, what about the charges for extra for half an hour after they call me to pick my dog up. Dogs are yelping, someone should have humane society visit there, I will never go back there.
RUDE ABRASIVE OWNER – not again
DO NOT TAKE YOUR DOG TO POSH PETS! – I agree with RiverWatson's review. I had a similar experience when my dog developed kennel cough and an eye infection a week after he had been groomed at Posh Pets. My dog hadn't been exposed to any other dogs, there was no way he had become sick from any other place other than Posh Pets. The veterinarian told me it is highly contagious and dogs can get it from contaminated surfaces as well as infected dogs. My first concern was to warn Gail the owner that my dog had gotten sick at her business in order to prevent other dogs from getting sick. I had not mentioned wanting to get my vet bills paid---nothing and she quickly became defensive and rude. She said the veterinarian was wrong about the incubation period and my dog didn't get sick at her place. My dog got sick within a week of going to Posh Pets. The incubation period for kennel cough is 5-14 days. I found it amusing that Gail thinks that she is qualified to say that the vet doesn't know what they're talking about! Oddly enough, after I spoke with her regarding the issue, someone from her front desk staff kept calling me trying to get more information about the situaion. I told them if Gail wants more info she could call me back which she never did. What's sad is that I actually thought she would be concerned by the fact that my dog got a highly infectious disease from her business being that she risked other dogs being sick.
I would not bring my pet to be groomed here because either it's unsanitary and my dog got sick from an infected cage or tools OR she is putting pets who are being groomed mixed in the back with the daycare pets who are more likely to have infectious diseases. Either way, I wouldn't bring my pet here because she is rude and unprofessional. It's not worth risking having to spend $200 to take your pet to the vet.
WARNING: HARMFUL! HORRIBLE! UNPROFESSIONAL! – My dog's paws were bleeding after his visit to Posh Pets. I had to take him to the vet. His veterinarian told me it looked as though the skin on the pads of his paws was shaved off with clippers. Posh Pets did not reimburse us for the injuries, the cost of my dog's treatment (almost $100)- they didn't even refund the cost of grooming. We didn't even get an apology. The owner (and coincidentally the groomer who injured my dog), Gail, was VERY defensive and rude when we called to tell her what she had done. She told us that our veterinarian "did not know grooming" and made it very clear that she would not reimburse us for the vet bills. We never asked her to, nor had we even *mentioned* money at the point in the conversation. I am shocked and appalled at the way we were treated after what she did to my dog. We will never do business with Gail or Posh Pets again.
Whatever your budget allows, your money is best spent here! – I've never met a more talented, skilled and knowledgeable individual when it comes to the love and care for animals. A truer professional, and a more exceptionally gifted person you will not find. Gail Morabito is the elite in her field and expertise. I recommend her exclusively. I know times may be tough right now for all of us, but whatever your budget will allow, your money is best spent here. I have a black standard poodle named JC's Morning Glory Serenade, and he is always perfect, and gorgeous because of her.
Best Grooming Shop Around! – I love this place its nice and clean,very professional everyones very friendly. My dog turns out perfect everytime. They have competitive pricing and free coffee! I definitely recommend this place too everyone I know.
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Check out this rad contest that we are doing with SeagateCreative for an opportunity to win a 2 VIP tix and photo passes to FYF Fest, a FujiFilm camera, Seagate hard drive and more! Click "Read More" for all the details and enter to win!
Ride your bike to FYF! Free secure bike parking will be available just across the street from the State Historic Park at College & Spring.
Do you have your FYF Fest weekend passes yet? We are sold out of single day and VIP tickets! Weekend passes still available now for $99. Get your tickets here: fyffest.frontgatetickets.com
Very excited to announce the FYF Fanzine Contest. This is your chance to win a 5 VIP Passes to FYF Fest and a $500 Gift Certificate to Origami Vinyl , but more importantly an opportunity to get together with your friends and create something amazing. All details can be found at the 'FYF...
Upgrade your 2 Day General Admission ticket to a VIP pass for an additional $100. There are only a few amount of upgrades left and you have to get them by visiting our ticketing page and choosing "VIP Upgrade". Click 'read more' for all of the details.
We are pleased to announce the comedians performing at FYF Fest. This includes Rob Huebel & Paul Scheer, Doug Benson, Jonah Ray and many more. Please check the line up section for more details. See you at the fest.


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In short: As good as everIn full: The fact this was my 6th time at this race says it all really. Well organised, good atmosphere and a fair course make this a lovely small village race and a credit to Reading Road Runners. The course is quick, just a couple of minor uphill drags but nothing too drastic, although the woodchip section in the 9th km was hard work, but definitely preferable to running through the mud bath I would assume would have been there without it. Set a new PB, the 4th time I've done it at Shinfeld, so see you next year.Date of review: May 7, 2012
In short: Everything you want a race to beIn full: Third time, and third great day. Everything is so easy - all the facilities are exactly where you want them to be and so all you have to think about is running. I was on the FGFA start this year and we were up to speed within yards and very little congestion. It's a bit different if you're further back where it can be very crowded, but it's still possible to run a good time. The one downside to the FGFA start is that all the bags go on one truck and most of the runners finish within a few minutes of each other so it's an absolute scrum to get your bag back, but that's a very minor inconvenience in the scheme of things. I'll be back next year for a crack at 3 hours Date of review: April 27, 2012
In short: Excellent race, but now at maximum capacityIn full: Bus queues were far longer this year at the station, maybe because people arrived later because of the Twyford to Reading bus replacement service before 8am - not the organisers fault. Once the queue got moving though it wasn't too bad, but we arrived too late to see the kids race. The race village seemed a little more crowded this year, but having done this race a few times now I know where to go to get away from it. No changing area in the baggage tent this year. Yellow pen was well marshalled, although still several orange runners in there who were obviously going to get trampled. The race itself was well organised, no problems to report at all, and the finish area and bag retrieval were very smooth. I'd swear the out & back section just before the stadium gets longer every year though!Date of review: April 1, 2012
In short: Excellent small village raceIn full: All good, no bad. A fair course with just a few gentle inclines, passing through lovely rural farmland and with definite PB potential. A good HQ with everything where you expected, excellent marshals, a decent shirt at the end and they don't try to cram too many runners into the race. Will definitely do this race again if I'm in the area at Christmas. One suggestion - as this is raising money for charity it might be worth putting on a tea & cake stall at the end to raise some extra funds :)Date of review: December 27, 2011
In short: 2011 race - not much to say - good race in a good locationIn full: Basic 'does what it says on the tin' race along the Brighton seafront. Big race, good atmosphere & excellent organisation. Not the most generous with just a bottle of water and very basic medal, but the race itself is very good, and that's what you do it for after all. Agree about the k markers - only saw 4 & 9, and I assumed the inflatable over the road was 5k - didn't actually see anything with a 5 on). 18 inch high blue A-frames at the side of the road are simply not visible enough when you have runners around you. Minor thing though - good event.Date of review: November 20, 2011
In short: As good as everIn full: I really enjoy this race. Yes, the pub is a very crowded, yes being near the front of the holding area does not mean you're anywhere near the front at the start, but everything else is excellent. Good course, good marshals and an all round great morning out. One minor comment this year - the first drink station is immediately before a speed bump, and when you're looking to take a drink from the end of the table your attention is elsewhere and so you don't spot it. I nearly tripped, and I wasn't alone. Just move the table 20 yards forward or back and problem solved. A very minor thing however, and does not detract from an excellent race. Thirty years strong, and long may it continue :)Date of review: October 16, 2011
In short: Cracking village raceIn full: What an excellent event this was - well organised, an interesting and fair course with just a couple of minor inclines and rollers, supportive marshals and a lovely atmosphere. I even got to race a couple of horses at one point! Pity about the downpour at the end that rather caused everybody to rush off home, but still a lovely event with a charm that big events simply can't provide. Pat on the back organisers, and see you next year :)Date of review: September 4, 2011
In short: Well organised, straight forward raceIn full: Excellent organisation and a decent course. Not flat, but mostly just gentle inclines with only one short section I'd actually call a hill. Pity about the wind that made the last 3k tough and meant I was a little slower than I'd hoped, but can't blame the organisers for that - I should have worked harder! One thing I did realise after I got home was that when I filled in the entry form I had to tick what size shirt I wanted, but I never saw hide nor hair of any shirts - no idea where they were. They weren't handed out at the finish so I guess I should have collected it when I registered, but no-one mentioned them and I never noticed any signs. A minor thing for me though as I have a cupboard full of race t-shirts already, but for first timers or irregular racers could have been more significant. But then maybe they weren't as unobservant as me. This doesn't distract at all from an excellent race however - I'd certainly do it again if I was in the area.Date of review: August 28, 2011
In short: As good as everIn full: Basic straight forward race - no frills, no complications, just turn up, pay your money, run and enjoy. The course is tough but not overly so, with some nice downhill stretches as well, and is now mostly on reasonably wide tracks. Not that overtaking was an issue for me this year - it was the problem for others trying to pass me as my lack of hill training this year really showed. This is not a race to do for the finish time, it's a race to do because you enjoy running :)Date of review: August 3, 2011
In short: Brilliant organisation and great goody bag, but you have to earn itIn full: That hill in the 2nd k is tough, and it hits you before you're really warmed up so it's hard work. From then on there are constant minor undulations to keep you on your toes, before an even steeper downhill - I'm glad they don't run it in reverse! Ninth k through the trees was very slippery & needed a bit of care (one of the leaders came a cropper), but there is really nothing to criticise even constructively at this event - it all went very well. And the goody bag for the money is excellent - technical t-shirt, nice medal, food, drink & various assorted goodies, so thank you to the generous sponsors.Would I do it again? Yes, but I'd do some extra hill training first!Date of review: July 17, 2011
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Rejected by his Pentecostal church for his sexuality, he underwent gay ''conversion'' therapy at a Christian ministry in Melbourne. If the program's aim was to ''pray away the gay'', it failed. He remained a homosexual man with a strong faith, and found a new church that embraced him.
Yet the turmoil of trying to reconcile the warring parts of his identity left an indelible mark.
On March 27, Damien took his own life. Nobody can know with certainty what triggered the decision, but those close to the 43-year-old personal carer believe ''reparative'' therapy at Mosaic Ministries in Melbourne's south-east scarred him deeply.
''It troubled him right to the end,'' said friend and counsellor Matt Glover, a former Baptist pastor sacked from his Lilydale church in 2011 for publicly supporting same-sex marriage.


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Is Scandinavia's armoured vehicle market being snubbed? Maybe, and it's a mistake
In a survey of global armoured vehicle experts in November last year, Europe was seen as the region in which practitioners and manufacturers were least confident in as a market for growth over the next decade. But is that fair?
Posted: 4/8/2014
Brazil has a strong relationship with the West Coast of Africa, primarily based on the joint stewardship of the South Atlantic Ocean. Brazil has also given military equipment to a number of West African nations, including maritime patrol aircraft to Cape Verde and OPVs to the Namibian Navy in order to enhance the security of this important maritime domain.... Full Article »
MRAP: Explaining the Enduring Requirement Watch Now »
The Challenge of Syria's WMDs Watch Now »
Launching UAVs into Civil Airspace – an Indian Model Watch Now »
Dynamics Driving the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Egypt Watch Now »
Armour Up: A Coalition Perspective on Personal Protective Gear Watch Now »
- Japan buys Bushmaster APC from Thales Australia 4/15/2014
- Putting away the dishes 4/14/2014
- How UK Armed Forces are extending civil ISR capabilities 4/11/2014
- Italian Air Force proceeding with unmanned investment 4/11/2014
- Discussing military airlift in Mali and CAR 4/11/2014
- Information Operations is just another media format vying for the eyes of the audience. Discuss 4/8/2014
Japan buys Bushmaster APC from Thales AustraliaContributor: Defence IQ Press
Posted: 4/15/2014
Japan's Ministry of Defence has ordered Thales Australia's Bushmaster armoured personnel carrier for its Ground Self-Defence Force. Four vehicle will be delivered to Japan before the end of the year. Full Article »
Exclusive interview with Commander of the French ArmyContributor:
Posted: 6/20/2013
In this exclusive interview, Lt Gen Bertrand Clément-Bollée, commander of the French Army, outlines the future direction of his armoured vehicle fleet. He also emphasises the importance of ensuring that any technical advancements be delivered only if there is tactical advantage while also underscoring the fact that any force structure must remain adaptable to meet all possible demands. Full Video »
ICS Cyber Security Live Hacking Exercise: Meet The HostContributor:
Posted: 4/2/2014
ICS Cyber Security will be hosting a two-day live hacking exercise specifically to enhance participants' knowledge of protecting industrial control systems within a real-time, realistic environment. This not-to-be-missed experience will be hosted by Matt Luallen, president and co-founder of CYBATI. In this 20 minute podcast interview, Matt introduces himself, along with the benefits of attending the exercise. He also explores his own hands-on perspective on the ICS domain as a whole and what the industry needs to know today for better protection tomorrow. Full Podcast »
NSA leaks forces defence sector to confront big data futurePosted: 4/2/2014
It is perhaps no revelation to say that, when compared to the private sector, governments have been largely slow to engage with the big data movement. There is of course an undeniable need for them to come down from the wings and play catch up, and while some public bodies have indeed moved forward with the times, others are still languishing on the sidelines. Full Sector Report »
Cyber Defence
- UK Armed Forces Engineering Students Secure...
- Hagel wants cyber investment to protect...
- ICS Cyber Security Live Hacking Exercise: Meet...
- Lockheed Martin invests in cyber security market...
- MOJ hit by DDoS attack...
Army & Land Forces
- Soldiers say leadership critical in enhancing...
- Army remains strong despite 'daunting fiscal...
- Spanish Artillery Training: structure, history...
- Insight on Future Artillery Procurement: Report...
- Boko Haram increasingly a concern for US...
Air, Land and Sea Defence Services
- Putting away the dishes...
- 2 killed in Colombian FARC attack...
- Ukraine ups defence budget as Russian threat...
- Ceremony marks end of Task Force Helmand...
- Scotland's defence and security plan for...
Cyber Security for Industrial Control Systems, Europe
April 22-24, 2014,
Kensington Close Hotel, London, United Kingdom
Armoured Vehicles Northern Europe
April 28-30, 2014,
Dorpat Hotel, Tartu, Estonia
Homeland Security Summit Middle East
May 19-21, 2014,
Beach Rotana Hotel, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
|When is your next personnel recovery event?
|show an example of a defense order issued by a section commander
|I am a serial inventor based in Scotland. Last year I was made aware of the need for lightweight, easily added/removed,...
|I am a serial inventor based in Scotland.
|The armoured vehicle 4x4 need 2 ton payload capacity and gross weight capacity 8 ton approx.
|I am a serial inventor based in Scotland.
|The armoured vehicle 4x4 need 2 ton payload capacity and gross weight capacity 8 ton approx.
About Defence IQ
Defence IQ, a division of IQPC, is a defence learning portal and international online community dedicated to providing military personnel and the defence community throughout the world with a military forum and information regarding current military, defence and global security issues. Defence IQ offers defence news through defence articles, defence blogs, defence videos, defence podcasts, defence conferences and defence industry related military events.


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Undergraduate Urban Studies CoursesUR 101 Introduction to Urban StudiesLASC—Human Behavior and Social Processes; United States and Its Role in the WorldA broad contextual overview of urban life that examines the relationship of people to their environment from aninterdisciplinary perspective.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 101 Introduction to Urban StudiesLASC—Human Behavior and Social Processes; United States and Its Role in the WorldA broad contextual overview of urban life that examines the relationship of people to their environment from aninterdisciplinary perspective.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 103 Introduction to Women's StudiesThis course uses a variety of academic disciplines to study the situation of women around the world.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 191 Special Topics in Urban StudiesThis introductory level course will cover topics in Urban Studies which are of special interest to first-year students.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 193 Special Topics in Urban Studies for First-Year StudentsAll "193" courses are approved for LASC but may vary by section. See current course listing for specific LASC area approval.Introductory level course covering topics of special interest to first-year students. Offered only as a First-Year Seminar.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 201 Analysis of Urban SystemsLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesAnalysis of activities, programs, and policies designed to sustain and enhance the livability of individuals in anurban environment.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 202 Aging in Metropolitan SocietyAn introduction to gerontology stressing the social, economic and political aspects of aging in the urban environment.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 212 American Metropolitan EvolutionLASC—United States and Its Role in the World; Writing Across the CurriculumPrerequisite: UR 101Development of metropolitan America from a multi-disciplinary approach with emphasis upon dynamics of urban growth, internal development of cities, immigrations, socioeconomic stratification, metropolitanization and problems deriving from growth.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 213 Human Identity and the Urban EnvironmentPrerequisite: UR 101Study of factors affecting identity in contemporary urban settings including race, ethnicity, class, age, and sex categories and roles.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 215 Information Management in Urban StudiesPrerequisite: UR 101Designed to familiarize students with various methods of managing, creating and reporting information.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 216 Women and Aging in the Urban EnvironmentInvestigation of the Aging process for women in urban society, focusing on their great longevity, lower income status, and major caregiving role.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 230 Technology, Public Policy, and Urban SocietyLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesExamination of high-technology and its impact on urban society; privacy, ethics, intellectual, property rights, sense of community, and access to information and services.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 240 Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods for the Social SciencesLASC—Human Behavior and Social Processes; Writing Across the CurriculumThis introductory course provides and overview of the research process, and introduces students to commonly used qualitative methods in the social sciences.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 245 Introduction to Survey Research Method for Social ScienceLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesThis introductory course provides an overview of the research process and introduces students to survey research methodology.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 290 Gender and the CityLASC—Global Perspectives; Human Behavior and Social Processes; Writing Across the CurriculumExploration of ways in which gender, both male and female, structures responses of individuals to urban life and spaces.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 301 Cities and SuburbsPrerequisite: UR 101Multidisciplinary study of city-suburban growth patterns and problems both of the past, and those that hamper metropolitan cooperation and affect the quality of life of both city and suburban residents and businesses.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 305 Group Conflict in the Urban CommunityPrerequisite: UR 101Study of conflict and its resolution in contemporary urban settings. Personal, small group, and societal strategies for conflict resolution will be explored.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 306 Interviewing and Counseling TechniquesPrerequisite: Consent of instructorInvestigation of skills and process of interviewing and counseling with emphasis upon theory and practice, participant exercises, and development of helping skills and effective counseling relationships.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 310 Power, Politics, and Decision-Making in Urban CommunitiesPrerequisite: UR 101 or permission of instructorExploration from multi-disciplinary approach of social power and its relation to decision-making in urban communities. Emphasis on theories of power, understanding research methodologies, and policy implications.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 311 Community Politics and PoliciesLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesPrerequisite: UR 101 or permission of instructorPolitical behavior and perceptions in cities and towns from a multidisciplinary perspective with emphasis on how policy is initiated, developed and implemented in various governmental forms.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 320 Human Needs and Social PolicyAnalysis of human needs as they change over a life span; why needs go unmet, and the role of social policy in meeting needs.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 321 Social Work in the Urban SocietyPrerequisite: UR 101Overview of approaches used by social work professionals in assessing and meeting needs, including casework, community organization and planning.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 325 Social Casework in the Urban SettingPrerequisite: UR 101Introduction to various social work approaches—client-centered, task-centered, Gestalt, Carhuff and reality therapy; role playing and counseling simulations utilized.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 330 Justice in the Urban SocietyPrerequisite: UR 101Theoretical perspectives on the mission of the criminal justice system and the daily operation of its sub- components.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 331 Crime and the CityLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesPrerequisite: UR 101Investigation of crime in contemporary urban society and the social, legal, economic, and cultural strategies for dealing with crime and deviance.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 340 Urban Housing DilemmaPrerequisite: UR 101Analysis of the factors that shape the nature, location, and supply of urban housing with special focus on federal, state and local policies.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 341 Urban Health and Social PolicyPrerequisite: UR 101Analysis of urban health care, with special emphasis on the role of social policy in ensuring health care for all, particularly children and elders.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 344 A Society for All Ages: Intergenerational Community ServiceExploration of the necessary role of community service in civic life with emphasis on harnessing the power of intergenerational programs to address social concerns.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 350 Urban Youth in American SocietyPrerequisite: UR 101Role and problems of youth in urban societies viewed from a variety of social science perspectives with utilization of contemporary music and literature.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 351 Public Policy and Youth ServicesPrerequisite: UR 101Role of theory, attitudes, and public opinion in the formation of policies concerning delinquency with exploration of current practices and innovative strategies.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 352 Policy Planning for an Aging SocietyPrerequisite: Consent of instructorAnalysis of current social policies in regard to elders and exploration of ways in which policies need to be altered to meet growing elder needs.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 360 Environmental Systems and Public PolicyPrerequisite: UR 101 or permission of instructorExamination of urban ecosystems, focusing on land uses designed to effectively utilize water, open space and other natural resources.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 361 Public Policy and Environmental IssuesPrerequisite: UR 101 or permission of instructorInvestigation of the factors that determine the formation of public policy on the environment with consideration of the roles played by state and federal regulatory agencies.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 370 Leadership in Nonprofit and Public OrganizationsLASC—Human Behavior and Social ProcessesPrerequisite UR 101Advanced leadership seminar for students interested in pursuing management careers in public and nonprofit organizations.Offered every 3 years
UR 380 Public Policy and Cultural DiversityLASC—Human Behavior and Social Processes; United States and Its Role in the WorldPrerequisite: UR 101This course will examine contemporary policy issues and problems deriving from cultural diversity. These will includeareas such as immigration, population, demographics, affirmative action, public assistance, integration, separatism,political correctness, gender equity, and the role of organized religion in contemporary politics.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 401 Research Seminar in Urban StudiesPrerequisite: UR 101Research skills for urban-based projects including techniques in gathering, analyzing, and reporting data and various forms of field research.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 410 Assigned Research in Urban AffairsPrerequisite: UR 101Individual or small group directed research into selected problems and issues in urban affairs.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 411 Assigned Readings in Urban AffairsPrerequisite: UR 101Directed readings for students interested in special topics related to their academic program of study.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 421 Selected Topics in Urban StudiesPrerequisite: UR 101In-depth examination of topical issues challenging the intellectual and creative interests of advanced students in urban studies.Offered every year. 3 credits.
UR 422 Selected Topics in GerontologyPrerequisite: Consent of instructorIn-depth examination of topical issues in gerontology which afford the advanced student the opportunity to pursue gerontological research.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 430 Seminar in Current Urban ProblemsPrerequisite: UR 101Individual and group investigation and research of selected and current urban problems.Offered every 2 years. 3 credits.
UR 432 Demographic Research SeminarPrerequisite: UR 101Small group or individual research using various sources in gathering, interpreting, reporting and projecting policy implications of demographic data.Offered every 3 years. 3 credits.
UR 440 Practicum in Urban StudiesPrerequisite: UR 101Directed experiential study for advanced students.Offered every year. Variable credit.
UR 450 Internship in Urban StudiesPrerequisites: Completion of 21 credits in Urban StudiesSupervised and intensive semester-long experience in community agencies.Offered every year. 3-12 credits.
UR 451 Internship SeminarPrerequisites: Completion of 21 Urban Studies credits or permission of instructorExploration of the challenges that emerge as 25 students engage in the professional world (recommended to betaken in conjunction with UR 450 Internship in Urban Studies).Offered every year. 1 credit.