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Nigel Slater - Author
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Toast is Nigel Slaters truly extraordinary story of a childhood remembered through food. In each chapter, as he takes readers on a tour of the contents of his familys pantryrice pudding, tinned ham, cream soda, mince pies, lemon drops, bourbon biscuitswe are transported....Preface
His mother was a chops-and-peas sort of cook, exasperated by the highs and lows of a temperamental stove, a finicky little son, and the asthma that was to prove fatal. His father was a honey-and-crumpets man with an unpredictable temper. When Nigels widowed father takes on a housekeeper with social aspirations and a talent in the kitchen, the following years become a heartbreaking cooking contest for his fathers affections. But as he slowly loses the battle, Nigel finds a new outlet for his culinary talents, and we witness the birth of what was to become a lifelong passion for food. Nigels likes and dislikes, aversions and sweet-toothed weaknesses, form a fascinating backdrop to this exceptionally moving memoir of childhood, adolescence, and sexual awakening.
A bestseller (more than 300,000 copies sold) and award-winner in the UK, Toast is sure to delight both foodies and memoir readers on this side of the pondespecially those who made such enormous successes of Ruth Reichls Tender at the Bone and Anthony Bourdains Kitchen Confidential.
"Write a piece about the food of your childhood, will you?" asked the (then) editor of my weekly food column in London's Observer newspaper. I liked the idea and went out and bought the candies and puddings that, some thirty years ago, had been such an important part of my diet. Some I still ate as an occasional treat; others I had not had my tongue around for twenty years or more. As I unwrapped each sticky chocolate bar or sucked each brightly colored candy, the memories—surprisingly clear and loud—flooded back. This would be easy, I thought. A painless column to write after several years of penning weekly recipe-led pieces.
At first it was all straightforward enough. Oat cookies reminded me of coming home from school; green beans brought back the smell of the farm were I was sent to pick them; Turkish Delight reminded me of Christmas. In that respect it was not dissimilar from other foodie memoirs. But the more I ate the more I realized that not every mouthful produced a memory so sweet. A dish of canned raspberries revisited a violent thrashing from my father that brought me to a point of near collapse (I had spilt them and their scarlet juice on the new gray carpet, and he was distraught from being newly widowed); cream-filled Walnut Whips hit back with an embarrassingly vivid recall of early sexual voyeurism; and the soft pink marshmallows I had not eaten since I was nine I found to be inseparably linked with my late mom's goodnight kisses.
I decided to take a chance and made the piece uninhibitedly personal. I linked the food not just with events but with feelings, warts and all, and even chucked in a fair helping of sex. I handed the column in.
A half hour later the phone rang. I knew it was my editor even before I picked it up. "It's about the story," she said. Immediately I gabbled at her, saying that I was sorry, I knew it was too intimate and was out of style. I offered to rewrite it, taking out all the memoir and sticking strictly to the food. "No," she insisted, "I love it. I'm going to publish it exactly as it is."
The morning after the piece, now called "My Life on a Plate," came out, Louise Haines,
my literary editor who had worked on all of my cookbooks, called to say that she had
read the story and thought I should write it as a book. We were in the depths of finishing
Real Food, my fifth cookbook and one that tied into my television cooking series at the
time. Overloaded with work, we put the idea of the memoir on the back
I suppose it is perfectly appropriate that I should have chosen food as the blood in my memoir's veins. I have always worked with the stuff; first in restaurant kitchens, and then as a food writer. I have had a weekly newspaper cooking column for over a decade, written for glossy magazines, and have published several cookbooks, the first of which, Real Fast Food, is now in its twenty-eighth printing. Food has been my career, my hobby, and, it must be said, my escape.
Yet most people were more than a little surprised that I should write such a personal book at all. Despite my work being well known in the UK, I had never taken (and never will take) the celebrity route. I had devoutly refused to play the game, to attend food symposiums, join writers' guilds, present cooking demonstrations, or do the cooking circuit. I would go to any length to avoid a photo shoot or a seminar and would rather eat feathers than attend an awards ceremony. Even when I was up for a medal.
There were times, especially toward the end of writing, when I questioned the appropriateness of such a project. When a cooking writer pens his autobiography it is invariably written with a freshly baked, rosy glow. Tales of baking at their mother's knee is what is expected. Then there is the obligatory early morning trip to the market with your wicker basket complete with vignettes of the woman at the charming little cheese stall and going home with a laden basket and a crusty French loaf. Yet I had not written about any of that. I had waxed lyrical not about the vast cups of steaming café au lait and light-as-a-feather croissants, but of the canned meat pies my father unsuccessfully attempted to bake; the fried eggs with which I was force-fed until I vomited; and the cookbooks that, as an adolescent, I used in lieu of pornography. At one point in the book, more food seemed to come up rather than go down. In addition to that, the manuscript was tinged with sadness. Both my editor and my agent, the only two people to see the then-unfinished manuscript, admitted they had both been brought to tears.
Perhaps I should take the "chocolate-chip-cookie memoir" route instead? And there was another salient point. Why would anyone who worked so hard at keeping a low profile and preserving their privacy choose to write a book that could, at the very least, be described as "intimate"? Revelations, indiscretions, and recollections that even my most devout supporters might file under "too much information." I don't know what made me finish it. All I know is that I did.
True to plan, when the book finally came out I was not entirely surprised that so much of the food involved in my upbringing brought back memories for others. What I had not expected was the level of recognition of the backbone of my story. The tale behind the food. What I thought was a singularly personal account of a childhood scarred by the death of a parent, the imposition of a seemingly cruel step-mother, the feelings of frustration, exclusion, loneliness, and even sexual confusion, turned out to be anything but. Letters dropped through my mailbox, newspapers pressed for interviews (though rarely got them), people regularly stopped me apologetically in the street. "I'm sorry, but you have written about my childhood!" . . . "It is as if you were there at my side." . . . "I had thought I was the only one." . . . they all said. It quickly dawned on me that Toast had set a thousand bells ringing.
The book was neat and small, like a slice of toast itself. The critics were kind and generous, more so than I could ever have dreamed of, and unlike the cookbooks that had come before, the reviews of Toast appeared on the literary pages. It made the bestseller lists and stayed there for several weeks; then there was a flurry of inquiries about the film rights and they were eventually sold. I was amazed, delighted, and more than a little embarrassed.
When my agent told me that my little book was to be published in the United States I
asked simply, "Will it work there?" I was convinced the brand names, the food
references, and, in some way, the lifestyle of middle-class England may seem unfamiliar
and distant. After all, few American readers had heard of me. I was hardly Julia Child.
And then I remembered the first letter that popped through my door after Toast hit the
stores in England. The one that said, "I am a lot younger than you, and we obviously
come from different backgrounds. Yet in so many ways we appear to have the same
childhood. It is like you have written my story."
It is impossible not to love someone who makes toast for you. People's failings, even
major ones such as when they make you wear short trousers to school, fall into
insignificance as your teeth break through the rough, toasted crust and sink into the
doughy cushion of white bread underneath. Once the warm, salty butter has hit your
tongue, you are smitten. Putty in their hands.
Once a year there were Christmas puddings and cakes to be made. They were made with neither love nor joy. They simply had to be done. "I suppose I had better DO THE CAKE," she would sigh. The food mixer—she was not the sort of woman to use her hands—was an ancient, heavy Kenwood that lived in a deep, secret hole in the kitchen work surface. My father had, in a rare moment of do-it-yourselfery, fitted a heavy industrial spring under the mixer so that when you lifted the lid to the cupboard the mixer slowly rose like a corpse from a coffin. All of which was slightly too much for my mother, my father's quaint Heath Robinson craftsmanship taking her by surprise every year, the huge mixer bouncing up like a jack-in-the-box and making her clap her hands to her chest. "Oh heck!" she would gasp. It was the nearest my mother ever got to swearing.
She never quite got the hang of the mixer. I can picture her now, desperately trying to harness her wayward Kenwood, bits of cake mixture flying out of the bowl like something from an I Love Lucy sketch. The cake recipe was written in green biro on a piece of blue Basildon Bond and was kept, crisply folded into four, in the spineless Aga Cookbook that lived for the rest of the year in the bowl of the mixer. The awkward, though ingenious, mixer cupboard was impossible to clean properly, and in among the layers of flour and icing sugar lived tiny black flour weevils. I was the only one who could see them darting around. None of which, I suppose, mattered if you were making Christmas pudding, with its gritty currants and hours of boiling. But this was cake.
Cooks know to butter and line the cake tins before they start the creaming and beating. My mother would remember just before she put the final spoonful of brandy into the cake mixture, then take half an hour to find them. They always turned up in a drawer, rusty and full of fluff. Then there was the annual scrabble to find the brown paper, the scissors, the string. However much she hated making the cake we both loved the sound of the raw cake mixture falling into the tin. "Shhh, listen to the cake mixture," she would say, and the two of us would listen to the slow plop of the dollops of fruit and butter and sugar falling into the paper-lined cake tin. The kitchen would be warmer than usual and my mother would have that I've-just-baked-a-cake glow. "Oh, put the gram on, will you, dear? Put some carols on," she would say as she put the cake in the top oven of the Aga. Carols or not, it always sank in the middle. The embarrassing hollow, sometimes as deep as your fist, having to be filled in with marzipan.
Forget scented candles and freshly brewed coffee. Every home should smell of baking Christmas cake. That, and warm freshly ironed tea towels hanging on the rail in front of the Aga. It was a pity we had Auntie Fanny living with us. Her incontinence could take the edge off the smell of a chicken curry, let alone a baking cake. No matter how many mince pies were being made, or pine logs burning in the grate, or how many orange-and- clove pomanders my mother had made, there was always the faintest whiff of Auntie Fanny.
Warm sweet fruit, a cake in the oven, woodsmoke, warm ironing, hot retriever curled up by the Aga, mince pies, Mum's 4711. Every child's Christmas memories should smell like that. Mine did. It is a pity that there was always a passing breeze of ammonia. Cake holds a family together. I really believed it did. My father was a different man when there was cake in the house. Warm. The sort of man I wanted to hug rather than shy away from. If he had a plate of cake in his hand I knew it would be all right to climb up onto his lap. There was something about the way my mother put a cake on the table that made me feel that all was well. Safe. Secure. Unshakable. Even when she got to the point where she carried her Ventolin inhaler in her left hand all the time. Unshakable. Even when she and my father used to go for long walks, walking ahead of me and talking in hushed tones and he would come back with tears in his eyes.
When I was eight my mother's annual attempt at icing the family Christmas cake was handed over to me. "I've had enough of this lark, dear, you're old enough now." She had started to sit down a lot. I made only marginally less of a mess than she did, but at least I didn't cover the table, the floor, the dog with icing sugar. To be honest, it was a relief to get it out of her hands. I followed the Slater house style of snowy peaks brought up with the flat of a knife and a red ribbon. Even then I wasn't one to rock the boat. The idea behind the wave effect of her icing was simply to hide the fact that her attempt at covering the cake in marzipan resembled nothing more than an unmade bed. Folds and lumps, creases and tears. A few patches stuck on with a bit of apricot jam.
I knew I could have probably have flat-iced a cake to perfection, but to have done so would have hurt her feelings. So waves it was. There was also a chipped Father Christmas, complete with a jagged lump of last year's marzipan around his feet, and the dusty bristle tree with its snowy tips of icing. I drew the line at the fluffy yellow Easter chick.
Baking a cake for your family to share, the stirring of cherries, currants, raisins, peel and
brandy, brown sugar, butter, eggs, and flour, for me the ultimate symbol of a mother's
love for her husband and kids, was reduced to something that "simply has to be done."
Like cleaning the loo or polishing the shoes. My mother knew nothing of putting
glycerine in with the sugar to keep the icing soft, so her rock-hard cake was always the
butt of jokes for the entire Christmas. My father once set about it with a hammer and
chisel from the shed. So the sad, yellowing cake sat around until about the end of
February, the dog giving it the occasional lick as he passed, until it was thrown, much to
everyone's relief, onto the lawn for the birds.
My mother's way of slicing and buttering has both an ease and an awkwardness about it. She has softened the butter on the back of the Aga so that it forms a smooth wave as the butter knife is drawn across it. She spreads the butter onto the cut side of the loaf, then picks up the bread knife and takes off the buttered slice. She puts down the bread knife, picks up the butter knife, and again butters the freshly cut side of the loaf. She carries on like this till she has used three-quarters of the loaf. The rest she will use in the morning, for toast.
The strange thing is that none of us really eats much bread and butter. It's like some ritual of good housekeeping that my mother has to go through. As if her grandmother's dying words had been "always make sure they have enough bread and butter on the table." No one ever sees what she does with all the slices we don't eat.
I mention all the leftover bread and butter to Mrs. Butler, a kind, gentle woman whose daughter is in my class at school and whose back garden has a pond with newts and goldfish, crowns of rhubarb, and rows of potatoes. A house that smells of apple crumble. I visit her daughter Madeleine at lunchtime and we often walk back to school together. Mrs. Butler lets me wait while Madeleine finishes her lunch.
"Well, your mum could make bread-and-butter pudding, apple charlotte, eggy bread, or bread pudding," suggests Mrs. Butler, "or she could turn them into toasted cheese sandwiches."
I love bread-and-butter pudding. I love its layers of sweet, quivering custard, juicy raisins, and puffed, golden crust. I love the way it sings quietly in the oven; the way it wobbles on the spoon.
You can't smell a hug. You can't hear a cuddle. But if you could, I reckon it would smell
and sound of warm bread-and-butter pudding.
His clothes were old and soft, which made me want to snuggle up to him even more. He hated wearing new. My father always wore old, heavy brogues and would don a tie even in his greenhouse. He read the Telegraph and Reader's Digest. A crumpets-and-honey sort of a man with a tight little moustache. God, he had a temper though. Sometimes he would go off, "crack," like a shotgun. Like when he once caught me going through my mother's handbag, looking for barley sugars, or when my mother made a batch of twelve fairy cakes and I ate six in one go.
My father never went to church, but said his prayers nightly kneeling by his bed, his head resting in his hands. He rarely cursed, apart from calling people "silly buggers." I remember he had a series of crushes on singers. First, it was Kathy Kirby, although he once said she was a "bit ritzy," and then Petula Clark. Sometimes he would buy their records and play them on Sundays after I had listened to my one and only record—a scratched forty-five of Tommy Steele singing "Little White Bull." The old man was inordinately fond of his collection of female vocals. You should have seen the tears the day Alma Cogan died.
The greenhouse was my father's sanctuary. I was never sure whether it smelled of him or he smelled of it. In winter, before he went to bed, he would go out and light the old paraffin stove that kept his precious begonias and tomato plants alive. I remember the dark night the stove blew out and the frost got his begonias. He would spend hours down there. I once caught him in the greenhouse with his dick in his hand. He said he was just "going for a pee. It's good for the plants." It was different, bigger than it looked in the bath and he seemed to be having a bit of a struggle getting it back into his trousers. He had a bit of a thing about sherry trifle. That and his dreaded leftover turkey stew were the only two recipes he ever made. The turkey stew, a Boxing Day trauma for everyone concerned, varied from year to year, but the trifle had rules. He used ready-made Swiss rolls. The sort that come so tightly wrapped in cellophane you can never get them out without denting the sponge. They had to be filled with raspberry jam, never apricot because you couldn't see the swirl of jam through the glass bowl the way you could with raspberry. There was much giggling over the sherry bottle. What is it about men and booze? They only cook twice a year but it always involves a bottle of something. Next, a tin of peaches with a little of their syrup. He was meticulous about soaking the sponge roll. First the sherry, then the syrup from the peaches tin. Then the jelly. To purists the idea of jelly in trifle is anathema. But to my father it was essential. If my father's trifle was human it would be a clown. One of those with striped pants and a red nose. He would make bright yellow custard, Bird's from a tin. This he smoothed over the jelly, taking an almost absurd amount of care not to let the custard run between the Swiss roll slices and the glass. A matter of honor no doubt.
Once it was cold, the custard was covered with whipped cream, glacé cherries, and whole, blanched almonds. Never silver balls, which he thought common, or chocolate vermicelli, which he thought made it sickly. Just big fat almonds. He never toasted them, even though it would have made them taste better. In later years my stepmother was to suggest a sprinkling of multicolored hundreds and thousands. She might as well have suggested changing his daily paper to the Mirror.
The entire Christmas stood or fell according to the noise the trifle made when the first massive, embossed spoon was lifted out. The resulting noise, a sort of squelch-fart, was like a message from God. A silent trifle was a bad omen. The louder the trifle parped, the better Christmas would be. Strangely, Dad's sister felt the same way about jelly—making it stronger than usual just so it would make a noise that, even at her hundredth birthday tea, would make the old bird giggle.
You wouldn't think a man who smoked sweet, scented tobacco, grew pink begonias, and
made softly-softly trifle could be scary. His tempers, his rages, his scoldings scared my
mother, my brothers, the gardener, even the sweet milkman who occasionally got the
order wrong. Once, when I had been caught not brushing my teeth before going to bed,
his glare was so full of fire, his face so red and bloated, his hand raised so high that I
pissed in my pajamas, right there on the landing outside my bedroom. For all his soft
shirts and cuddles and trifles I was absolutely terrified of him.
The family's somewhat diminutive library had leatherette bindings and bore Reader's Digest or The Folio Society on their spines. Most were in mint condition, and invariably "condensed" or "abridged." Six or so of the books were kept in the cupboard at the back, with the Dimple Haig and a bottle of advocaat; a collection of stories by Edgar Allan Poe, a dog-eared Raymond Chandler, a Philip Roth, and a neat pile of National Geographics. There was also a copy of Marguerite Patten's All Color Cookbook.
It was a tight fit in between the wall and the back of the bookcase. Dad just opened the door and leaned in to get his whisky; it was more difficult for me to get around there, to wriggle into a position where I could squat in secret and turn the pages of the hidden books. I don't know how Marguerite Patten would feel knowing that she was kept in the same cupboard as Portnoy's Complaint, or that I would flip excitedly from one to the other. I hope my father never sells them. "For sale, one copy each of Marguerite Patten's All Color Cookery and Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint, first edition, d/w, slightly stained."
"I don't know what you want to look at that for," said Mum once, coming home early and
catching me gazing at a photograph of Gammon Steaks with Pineapple and Cherries. "It's
all very fancy, I can't imagine who cooks like that." There was duck à l'orange and steak-
and-kidney pudding, fish pie, beef Wellington and rock cakes, fruit flan and crème
caramel. There was page after page of glorious photographs of stuffed eggs, sole with
grapes, and a crown roast of lamb with peas and baby carrots around the edge, parsley
sprigs, radish roses, cucumber curls. Day after day I would squeeze around and pore over
the recipes fantasizing over Marguerite's deviled kidneys and Spanish chicken, her prawn
cocktail and sausage rolls. Just as I would spend quite a while fantasizing over Portnoy's
way with liver.
Unlike the other gardeners, Josh used to let me turn the compost with the long-handled, two-pronged fork that no one else let me touch and empty the mower box onto the heap. He let me weed the front of the borders where we had planted daisy-faced mesembryanthemums that only came out in the sun and balls of alyssum and drifts of pink and white candytuft. I watched the way he tied the clematis up when the string broke once in the wind, and when he used to pee on the compost. "Better not tell your dad I do that, it's my secret way of getting the compost to work," he would say, turning as he shook himself and did up his buttons.
My father smiled, beamed almost, when I called plants by their proper names.
Antirrhinum instead of snapdragon and Muscari instead of grape hyacinth. He gave a
tired but amused little snuffle when I once corrected him about the name of a rose that he
had called Pleasure when I knew it was Peace. Josh would take me around the borders,
getting me to name as many plants as I could and would tease me when I confused
azaleas and rhododendrons. Sometimes he would hoist me up on to his bare shoulders
and charge around the garden making airplane noises and pretending to crash into the
trees. We played football once, but my saves were so bad that the ball, an orange one
belonging to my brothers, kept crashing into the marguerites and knocking them flat.
I liked the way Josh would let me sit and talk to him while he took a strip-wash in the
outside toilet and changed back into his motorbike leathers. The way he would let me
choose a biscuit—a Bourbon, a ginger nut, even a caramel wafer—from his lunchbox and
the way he never turned his back on me when he was drying himself with his frayed
green-and-white-striped towel.
She would weigh the flour, the butter, the bit of lard that made the pastry so crumbly, and let me rub them all together with my fingertips in the big cream mixing bowl. She poured in cold water from a glass and I brought the dough together into a ball. Her hands started work with the rolling pin, then, once the ball of pastry was flat, I would take over, pushing the pastry out into a great thin sheet. We took the steel cookie cutters, rusty, dusty, and cut out rings of pastry and pushed them into the shallow hollows of an even rustier patty tin.
Mother didn't like cooking. She did this for me. When she met my father she was working as a secretary to the mayor at the town hall and had never made so much as a sandwich. My father's first marriage had lasted only a matter of months and was never, ever discussed. (By sheer chance, an old acquaintance of my father's asked my brother if he was from the first or second marriage. Otherwise we would never have known.) She fell pregnant with me fifteen years after my brother Adrian was born and five years after they adopted his schoolfriend John. That's when the asthma came on. When she was expecting me.
There had to be three different jams in the tarts. Strawberry, blackcurrant, and lemon curd. It wasn't till later I learned that plum, damson, and marmalade made the best fillings. I put a couple of spoonfuls of jam into each pastry case, not so much that they would boil over and stick to the tin, but enough that there was more jam than pastry. My father loved a jam tart and would put one in whole and swallow it like a snake devouring a bird's egg. Despite training as a gunsmith, he now owned a factory where they made parts for Rover cars, a factory that smelled of oil, where the machines were black and stood in pools of oily water. "A man was killed in that one there—he got his overall caught in the roller and it pulled him straight through, flat as a pancake," my father told me one day as we walked through the black hangar at dusk, its iron roof dripping and the stench of rust around us.
The tarts went in the top oven of the Aga until the edges of the pastry cases turned the pale beige of a Lincoln biscuit and the jam had caramelized around the edges. As the kitchen became hotter and more airless my mother would take her inhaler from the top drawer and take long deep puffs, turning her face away as she did so. Sometimes, she would hold her hand to her chest and close her eyes for a few seconds. A few seconds in which the world seemed to stop.
My mother was polite, quietly spoken, but not timid. I once heard her telling off the delivery boy from Percy Salt's the grocer because there was something on the bill that shouldn't have been. I never heard her raise her voice. I am not sure she could have done so if she wanted to. She certainly never did to me.
One day my father came home from work, and even before he had taken off his coat he
grabbed one of our jam tarts from the wire cooling rack. He couldn't have known they
had come from the oven only a minute or two before. His hands flapped, his face turned a
deep raspberry red, beads of sweat formed like warts on his brow, he danced a merry
dance. As he tried to swallow and his eyes filled with the sort of tears a man can only
summon when he has boiling lemon curd stuck to the roof of his mouth, I am sure that I
saw the faintest of smiles flicker across my mother's face.
Neither Fanny nor Mum has eaten spaghetti before, and come to think of it neither have I. Dad is waiting for the water to boil on the Aga. The sauce is already warm, having been poured from its tin a good half-hour ago and is sitting on the cool plate of the Aga, giving just the occasional blip-blop.
When the water finally boils my father shakes the strands of pasta out of the blue sugar paper that looks for all the world like a great long firework, and stands them in the bubbling water. They splay out like one of those fiber-optic lights we saw at the Ideal Home Exhibition on the BBC. As the water comes back to the boil he tries to push the spikes under the water. "They'll never all go in," he snaps, trying to read the packet, which, even when read with bifocals, is in Italian. Some of the brittle sticks break in half and clatter over the hot plate.
"Will I like it, Daddy?" I ask, half hoping he'll change his mind and Mum will cook us all some chops.
"Just try it," he says, a somewhat exasperated tone creeping in to his voice. "Just try it." "I think you should put some salt in," chirps in Mum.
Auntie Fanny is looking down at her lap. "Do I have to have some?" I think she is going to cry.
"I think it must be done now," says my father twenty minutes later. He drains the slithery lengths of spaghetti in a colander in the sink. Some are escaping through the holes and curling up in the sink like nests of worms. "Quick, get the plates, they're getting away." We all sit there staring at our tumbling piles of pasta on our glass Pyrex plates. "Oh, Kathleen, I don't think I can," sobs Auntie Fanny, who then picks up a long sticky strand with her fingers and pops it into her mouth from which it hangs all the way down to her lap.
"No, wait for the sauce, Fanny," Mother sighs, and then quite out of character, "Come on, Daddy, hurry up." Dad spoons the sauce, a slurry of reddy-brown mince that smells "foreign," over the knots and twirls of pasta. Suddenly it all seems so grown-up, so sophisticated.
Mum wraps the strands around her fork, "like this, do it like this," then shovels it toward Fanny's wet, pink little lips. Most of the pasta falls down Fanny's skirt, a little of the sauce gets caught on her bottom lip. She licks it off and shudders. "It's horrible, it's horrible. He's trying to poison me," she wails. We all know she would have said the same even if it had been the most delectable thing she had ever eaten.
Ignoring Fanny's little tantrum, I do as Mother bids, twirling the pasta around my fork while shoveling the escaping pieces back on with my spoon. I rather like it, the feel of the softly slippery noodles, the rich sauce which is hot, salty, and tastes partly of tomato, partly of Bovril. I wouldn't mind eating this every day. Unexpectedly, my father takes out a cardboard drum of grated Parmesan cheese and passes it to me to open.
"What's that you've got there?" asks Mum.
"It's grated cheese, Percy Salt said you have to sprinkle it over the top, it doesn't work if you don't." Now we're talking. I peel away the piece of paper that is covering the holes and shake the white powder over my sauce. I pass it to my father who does the same. Mum declines as she usually does with anything unusual. There is no point in asking Auntie Fanny, who is by now quietly wetting her pants.
Dad shakes the last of the cheese over his pasta and suddenly everyone goes quiet. I'm looking down but I can see my father out of the corner of my right eye; he has stopped, his fork in midair, a short strand of spaghetti hanging loose. His eyes have gone glassy and he puts his fork back down on his plate.
"Daddy, this cheese smells like sick," I tell him.
"I know it does, son, don't eat it. I think it must be off."
We never had spaghetti bolognese or Parmesan cheese again. Or for that matter, ever
even talked about it.
In Wolverhampton, Arctic Roll was considered to be something of a status symbol. It contained mysteries too. Why, for instance, does the ice cream not melt when the sponge defrosts? How is it possible to spread the jam that thin? How come it was made from sponge cake, jam, and ice cream yet managed to taste of cold cardboard? And most importantly, how come cold cardboard tasted so good?
As treats go, this was the big one, bigger even than a Cadbury's MiniRoll. This wasn't a
holiday or celebration treat like trifle. This was a treat for no obvious occasion. Its
appearance had nothing to do with being good, having done well in a school test, having
been kind or thoughtful. It was just a treat, served with as much pomp as if it were a
roasted swan at a Tudor banquet. I think it was a subtle reminder to the assembled family
and friends of how well my father's business was doing. Whatever, there was no food
that received such an ovation in our house. Quite an achievement for something I always
thought tasted like a frozen carpet.
It was the best day of the year really, especially when she got going and they would come
out of the pan as fast as we could eat them. Toward the end Mum would let me flip one. I
always contrived it so that it landed on the floor, then she would say, "That's enough,"
and that would be it till next year.
Percy Salt's was the only place where my mother ran a tab. It was the custom for the better-off clientele, as was having their purchases delivered. This was where I would stand while Mum asked to taste the Cheddar or the Caerphilly and where she would pick up round boxes of Dairylea cheeses for me. Sometimes there would be little foil-wrapped triangles of processed cheese flavored with tomato, celery (my favorite), mushroom, and blue cheese. This was also where we came for butter and kippers, salad cream and honey, eggs and tea.
I loved our visits to Salt's like nothing else. It was the smell of the shop as much as anything, a smell of smoked bacon and truckles of Cheddar, of tomatoes in summer and ham hocks in winter. At Christmas the windows would light up with clementines in colored foil, biscuits in tins with stagecoaches on the lids, fresh pineapples, whole peaches in tins, trifle sponges, and packets of silver balls and sugared almonds. Mother would buy wooden caskets of Turkish delight and crystallized figs, sugared plums, and jars of cherries in brandy. It was here too that she would collect the brandy for the brandy butter, the bottles of Mateus Rosé, the cartons of icing sugar, and the chocolate Christmas decorations that we hung on the tree and that I would sneak one by one over the holidays. Never was I happier than in Percy Salt's at Christmas, even if my mother did once say he was getting "terribly dear."
"Dear," when used in connection with money, was one of the expressions for which my
mother would lower her voice, just as she did when she found someone "rather coarse" or
when someone had "trodden in something." "Have you trodden in something" was my
mother's discreet way of asking if you had farted. No surprise then that while Mr. Salt
called most of his customers "love" he would always, always call my mother Mrs.
I bought the odd book, annuals mostly, a few singles, "Can't Buy Me Love" or Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want to be with You," and once, a stick insect, but most of my pocket money went on sweets. Buying sweets, chocolate, even ice cream, was shot through with more politics than an eight-year-old should have had to contend with. Sweets could put a label around a child's neck in much the same way as a particular choice of newspaper could to an adult. For a boy certain things were off-limits. Fry's Chocolate Creams and Old English Spangles were considered adult territory; Love Hearts and Fab ice creams were for girls. Parma Violets were for old ladies and barley sugars were what your parents bought you for long car journeys. Cones filled with marshmallow and coated in chocolate were considered naff by pretty much everyone, though I secretly liked them, and no one over six would be seen dead with a flying saucer. Sherbet Fountains were supposed to be strictly girly material, an idea which even then I refused to buy into. Milky Ways were what parents bought for their kids, which gave them a sort of goody-goody note as did Jacob's Orange Clubs. Selection boxes were what you were given at Christmas by the sort of people who weren't relatives but who nevertheless you called Auntie.
We never really bought the penny chews that Mr. Dixon had loose on the counter, though I did nick the odd licorice chew, the ones that came in blue-and-white-striped paper, when his back was turned. Dad's favorites were Callard & Bowser's Butterscotch, which came in thin packs like cigarettes, and Pascall's oblong Fruit Bonbons with gooey centers. He also loved peanut brittle, which he ate by the barful. Mine were sweet cigarettes, which may not have given me lung cancer but made up for it with fillings. At Christmas, Dad bought himself metal trays of Brazil nut toffee with their own little hammer from Thorntons, while I got more cigarettes, this time made of chocolate wrapped in paper which went soggy when you put it in your mouth. Dad said they were expensive. END
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South Korea - Destination Guide
When students think of studying abroad, South Korea likely is not the first place to come to mind. In fact, many Westerners may know very little about South Korea beyond the headlines regarding its bellicose neighbor across the demilitarized zone, North Korea. Hopefully this guide will shine some light on a region of the world that is often overlooked as a study abroad destination.
General Overview:
Much like the rest of Asia, South Korea suffered from the effects of World War II and the following Cold War struggle between the US and the USSR. Though the Korean Peninsula was split in two, democratic South Korea emerged from the chaos with a united populace and a flourishing economy. The Confucian ethic of filial piety has merged with western economic and political thought to create an extremely modern country that manages to retain a great deal of its Asian heritage.
This extends to all levels of Korea's society. Respect for teachers and professors remains a pillar of Korea's culture. South Korean universities are on par with anything you'd find in the United States or Western Europe. Large swaths of the population speak English because it's understood that English is the language of commerce and no one in South Korea wants to be left behind. There's also a push for Korean students to study abroad outside of Korea's borders to expand a student's horizon.
This cultivation of the international spirit extends to students who want to study in South Korea. Korean universities are absolutely overjoyed to have students from abroad come and study for a summer or a semester. These students bring with them new ideas and perspectives that Koreans are more than happy to learn from and absorb. This reciprocal exchange of cultures and ideas—learning from Korea as Korea learns from its visitors—is why South Korea should be considered one of the most unique study abroad destinations in the world.
Take some time to read through this destination guide and visit some of the recommended websites. South Korea may just be the perfect place for you!

subset: commoncrawl


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Updated for:
Friday, April 25, 2014 1:03 AM
Published on: Friday, January 18, 2013
By Margie Burns
Even for a non-sports devotee, the 2012 Washington Redskins season was fun. Like millions of other people, I was thrilled when the Redskins defeated the Giants on Dec. 3. Then came that Dec. 9 nail-biter overtime game against the Baltimore Ravens, the game that got Washington a chance at playoffs. It was great when Washington tied Baltimore and then won in overtime — but I cringed when rookie quarterback Robert Griffin III was injured again.
Like everybody else, or everyone sane, I was relieved when Griffin did not play the next game. Washington beat the Browns anyway, and I was relieved again when he played a passing game in the Dec. 23 victory over the Eagles, rather than trying to run hundreds of yards on a sore knee.
Then came the Dec. 30 victory over the Dallas Cowboys. Even while the Skins were winning, I never thought the quarterback looked 100 percent. Everyone who mattered was jubilant over RG3's comeback as well as the division title. None of the top sports experts and commentators voiced much concern. But watching the game, I wondered whether that superb athlete was fighting off flu or something. He just didn't look the same, and I wondered inwardly how he would be able to make it through another game any time soon.
Washington now has two players recovering from a second surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament, one of two small ligaments in the knee holding the two biggest bones of the leg together. Like quarterback RG3, defensive back Chase Minnifield also injured an ACL, then re-injured it, then — seven months ago — had surgery performed by celebrity sports doctor James Andrews.
I hope with all my heart that both young guys recover, not to presume that their careers need my help. Meanwhile, Dr. Andrews has made some public statements sufficiently clear even to a non-sports expert. No physician has a crystal ball, but any physician can talk about success rates. Andrews, interviewed on Sirius XM and quoted at NFL.com, had the following to say.
First, ACL reconstructive procedures are "one of our best operations we do in sports, as far as the overall results … 95 percent, is just a figure that comes out of the head right now, success rate. That's across the board."
Second, however, that 95 percent success rate is for patients in general — not for NFL quarterbacks.
"Now, if you take an NFL running back that's got to depend on his knee function probably at the highest level, there's about 55 percent of them that are still playing football after what we would call a successful ACL surgery," Andrews said, "about 55 percent still playing actively in the NFL after two years."
Third, the problem is not the surgery; the problem is what you do with the knee.
"So is that a failure of the ACL surgery? No, that's a failure of that running back losing a step and losing the ability to cut on a dime and is not able to play. So, it's not as rosy as what it might look, as you go up the ladder to try to play football professionally after an ACL operation," Andrews added.
This kind of statement is refreshingly candid from a doctor. Usually, you have to talk with a sharp head resident or a night nurse to get this kind of clarity.
There is plenty of clarity to go around, in hindsight. The NFL fined the Redskins in October for reporting RG3's concussion as being "shaken up." The news media praised Coach Mike Shanahan for not sending Griffin back in the next game after his sprain Dec. 9. Griffin remained in that game, playing injured, for four more plays. The Washington Post reported that Skins owner Dan Snyder has been uncharacteristically modest and quiet lately. USA Today reported Jan. 6 that Dr. Andrews never cleared Griffin to keep playing.
Andrews, who is promoting a book on sports medicine, said that Griffin "didn't even let us look at him." Andrews said Griffin "came off the field, walked through the sidelines, circled back through the players and took off back to the field. It wasn't our opinion. We didn't even get to touch him or talk to him. Scared the hell out of me."
Now there is copious argument about whether RG3 should have been pulled out of the Seattle game, or if so, when. He never should have been on the field in the first place.


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"We have discovered a mechanism for how environmental factors, such as stress hormones, can affect the brain's physiology and bring about mental illness," says study leader Akira Sawa, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "We've shown in mice that stress in adolescence can affect the expression of a gene that codes for a key neurotransmitter related to mental function and psychiatric illness. While many genes are believed to be involved in the development of mental illness, my gut feeling is environmental factors are critically important to the process."
Sawa, director of the Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, and his team set out to simulate social isolation associated with the difficult years of adolescents in human teens. They found that isolating healthy mice from other mice for three weeks during the equivalent of rodent adolescence had no effect on their behavior. But, when mice known to have a genetic predisposition to characteristics of mental illness were similarly isolated, they exhibited behaviors associated with mental illness, such as hyperactivity. They also failed to swim when put in a pool, an indirect correlate of human depression. When the isolated mice with genetic risk factors for mental illness were returned to group housing with other mice, they continued to exhibit these abnormal behaviors, a finding that suggests the effects of isolation lasted into the equivalent of adulthood.


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My parents have a 3-4 year old Dell Inspiron desktop at their home which they want to replace. I was browsing through the wiki and saw the Inspiron 530 was compatible. I asked my parents to tell me what model they have and it turns out they have an Inspiron 530.
I was hoping to just follow these instructions to put OSx on it: tonymacx86 Blog: iBoot + MultiBeast: Install Mac OS X on any Intel-based PC
I facetimed with them and asked them to open up the device manager and I got this info from device manager:
Processor: 2.4GHz Intel Quad Core 2 Duo (Q6600)
Optical drive (2 of them): HL-DT-ST GSA-H73N ATA device & KBWVA GPMNSXA3 SCSI Cdrom
Display Adapter: Intel(R) G33/G31 express chipset family
Ethernet: Intel(R) 8256V-2 10/100 (close)
Sound: Realtek High Definition Audio (didnt get the model from device manager)
I couldn't find these devices in the Wiki.
I'm just wondering if it is fully compatible because the wiki said the following under the Inspiron 530:
Processor: 2.4GHz Intel Quad Core 2 Duo (Q6600)
Optical drive: TSSTcorp DVD+/-RW TS-H653G
Graphics: Asus NVIDIA GeForce GS8400
Ethernet: Intel 82566 Family Gigabit
Audio: Realtek ACL269 Audio
Just wondering if it is worth the effort to pick it up next time I visit and mess with it. Thanks in advance for any help.


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Whether updating your family room, or looking to build the ultimate man cave, there are few purchases that are more fun than that of a brand new television. Although most shoppers on the market for a stunning new Samsung Plasma television or LG LED want the best manufacturers have to offer, value is always paramount. Thankfully, the experts at Adorama.com provide the best in quality service and value anywhere on the web.
When selecting a new HD television, the common argument seems to be Plasma TV vs. LED. Adorama.com stocks the best selection of both technologies in all size and price ranges. Sports lovers on a budget will see every detail in the vibrant new Toshiba LED Television. Representing the future of high definition technology, LED projects a sharp and bright image, bringing live broadcasts and high frame rate programing to life in the highest quality available. Leaving its predecessor, the LCD Television, in the dust, LED technology is a versatile solution for the consumer looking for high grade HD on a budget.
The Plasma TV
The reigning king of high end HD televisions is still the Plasma. Since the HD flat screen revolution, this enduring technology has always been considered the best in depth of field and image clarity. Even though the Plasma TV vs. LED war is being won by LED in so far as the amount of flat screens sold, the plasma television dominates the cinema fanatic and home theater market. With its incredible inky blacks and peak whites, the plasma brings movies, low frame rate television, and nature programing to life better than any other technology available. Customers with a large budget will fall in love with Samsung's industry leading line of plasma televisions.
The battle of the Plasma TV vs. LED will rage on as manufacturers continue to push the limits of HD technologies. As you search Adorama.com for your versatile LED or your powerhouse of a Plasma, take advantage of the many customer service options that Adorama offers. No one knows HD better than the experts at Adorama, and consumers in the market for one of these amazing technologies will be blown away by their amazing purchasing experience with Adorama.


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The Xip3 transformer jacket
Article Summary
Here's an article of smart clothing that doesn't involve bio-sensors, solar panels or built-in Bluetooth - just clever design. CoreGear's three-in-one Xip3 is a water repellent, fleece lined jacket that quickly morphs into a backpack and (our favorite) a pillow for grabbing a quick nap in comfort.
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131 N. Fir Street, Telluride, 970/728-6207
Asked to name Telluride's neighborhood bar and grill, most locals would say it's the Cornerhouse Grille. And they'd be right. Just a few steps north from Telluride's main street, owner Kenny Rosen and his staff continue to provide what every town needs: satisfying food, cold beer, a lively bar and a comfortable, unassuming place to have a good time.
Residents can probably tell you which day of the week at the Cornerhouse is their favorite. Monday night is burger night, where six bucks will get you a burger and fries. Rosen takes his burgers ($9.50) seriously and aims to make the best burger in town. Monday is also trivia night. It's become a popular weekly event, so show up early and bring your A game.
If flavors from South of the Border are your thing, the Cornerhouse has that, too, on Taco and Tequila Tuesday. Beef tacos are $1, fish tacos are $5, margaritas are $4 and tequila shots, only $3.
For Mexican dishes throughout the week, Cornerhouse offers a customize-your-own menu: Step 1, pick your meat (carne, pollo, pork carnitas or veggie); Step 2, pick your style: tacos (two for $7.50, three for $9.50), burrito ($8.95) or quesadilla. Fish tacos ($7.95) are also an option.
Then too, there's Whiskey Wednesday, with cheeseburger sliders, fried chicken sliders and buffalo chicken sliders (all just two bucks!). Jack-and-Cokes are $4, and Beam shots are $3.
A few of the new menu items at the Cornerhouse warrant mentioning, especially Rosen's pride and joy, the Pork!, Pork!, Pork!, sandwich ($10.95), the soon-to-be-famous Cornerhouse take on a classic Cuban sandwich piled with ham, pulled pork and bacon.
There's also Mom's Brisket sandwich ($10.95), served with onions, mayo and au jus; and the nostalgic Day After Thanksgiving on a Sandwich ($10.95), piled with turkey, stuffing, gravy, potato chips, cranberries and aioli.
Of course, there are mainstays that never lose their allure – the Reuben ($10.95) and the ever-famous Big Willy ($10.50) sandwich made with turkey, cheddar, tomato and guacamole. It's as dressed-up as a grilled cheese gets.
With names like Whiskey Wednesday and Tequila Tuesday, parents may wonder if this is the kind of place to bring their kids. With plenty of seating away from the bar and a sunny patio, the Cornerhouse is both child-and adult-friendly. The kids' menu includes a chicken fingers basket ($6.95) and cheeseburger sliders ($7.95).
Fries or tater tots with that sandwich? The fries are good, and the tater tots even better.
It's no accident that the Cornerhouse is located in a large Victorian house. It's been home to locals for years, and, given its menu and ever-changing lineup of specials, it's no wonder visitors are so quick to feel at home here, as well.
LATE NIGHT: The Cornerhouse is one of the few restaurants to serve food late at night in Telluride. Aside from short closures in offseason, Rosen and crew serve food until midnight.
HEY LADIES!: Thursday night is Ladies Night, with half-off on all drinks for the fairer sex. It is also wing night, with an order of 12 chicken wings for just $6.
Open daily, 11 a.m. to midnight.
131 N. Fir Street, Telluride, 970/728-6207


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HP makes its play for the popular convertible market with the 2-in-1 HP Spectre 13 X2. With a stylish design and a high-quality keyboard dock the Spectre certainly has its high-points, but is that enough to justify the $1,100 price?... READ FULL ARTICLE
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Travel Itinerary for Families
See our other Melbourne itineraries
Family Adventures in Carlton
The kids will love holidaying in Carlton. Not only is Vibe Hotel Carlton a fun place to stay with a nice heated pool and a kid-friendly restaurant, but also there's heaps to do nearby, indoors and out, rain or shine.
At the top of the list is:
- Melbourne Zoo. No visit to Melbourne is complete without a day-trip to this beautiful Zoo with its Gorilla Rainforest, Orangutan Sanctuary and mind-blowing Butterfly House. And it's only a 10-minute walk from Vibe Hotel Carlton. It's FREE for children under 16 years during Victorian school holidays, pubic holidays, and on weekends. How good is that?
The next absolute 'must-do-and-see' is:
- Carlton Gardens. Okay, so the kids might not be that interested in the fine Victorian garden design, or the avenues of historic trees. And it's probably only the little ones that'll get a kick out of the ducks, flying foxes and kookaburras that live here.
But here's what will really rock their world:
- IMAX at Melbourne Museum. Considered to be the most immersive in the world, with the biggest 3D screen in Australia, and 15,000 watts of surround sound! All the big 3D blockbuster kids' movies and educational docos are shown here
- The World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. Not only amazingly beautiful, but steeped in history too. It's still in use today, so with a bit of luck your visit will coincide with an awesome exhibition suitable for children.
- Melbourne Museum. The second largest museum in the Southern Hemisphere, with great permanent displays – including a massive lineup of dinosaurs. Keep an eye open for the world-class touring exhibitions that come here.
- Carlton Gardens Playground. An award-winning contemporary take on a 19th century maze, it enthralls babies through to school age kids. It's right next to Melbourne Museum.
- Dracula's Cabaret Restaurant. If your kids are 16 or over, this is a scream of a night out for the family. Dracula's serves up fetish rock with lashings of comedic weirdness, sideshows, graveyard cocktails, and pretty good food. There's even a Ghost Train! 100 Victoria Street, Carlton. Book on 03 9347 3344.
Extras on the Side
- Take the Tram into the CBD to check out Federation Square, Southbank, Melbourne Aquarium, and more.
- Catch a ferry at Federation Wharf to Docklands – Melbourne's huge and exciting waterfront precinct. There's heaps for kids here, including a giant ice-skating rink and an amusement park.