text:
WritingEssays, articles, and blogs about rap, literature, and science. Baba's first book of poetry "The Rap Canterbury Tales" was published by Talon Books in 2006.
Mailing List
PublicationsPublications The Rap Canterbury Tales (Talon Books 2006).
Illustrated facing-page paperback featuring Baba's rap lyrics and the original Middle English source, with illustrations by Erik Brinkman (Baba's brother).
Evolution Articles
Literary Essays
Darwin on the FringeBaba's entertaining blog written for Whatsonstage.com, interpreting the Edinburgh Fringe through the lens of evolutionary theory. 2009 – The Rap Guide to Evolution and The Rebel Cell
2010 – The Rap Guide to Human Nature and Rapconteur
Monthly Archives: October 2008
Evolution and Inequality
I get emails from creationists occasionally, mostly good-natured ones rather than hate mail, but always disputatious in nature (of course). Recently I engaged in a dialogue with a family friend who is a creationist of the "your faith in science is no different than my faith in god" variety, and part of our disagreement came around to the question of whether the world is getting better or worse for people. This question isn't central to whether or not evolution is true, but it may have a key role to play in the question of whether knowledge of evolution is useful.
As evidence for moral improvement, I cited Steven Pinker's research on declining violence in The Better Angels of our Nature and in defence of moral regression my friend cited rising divorce rates and increasing narcissism, individualism, instant gratification, and the "subtle violence" that leads to "relationship breakdown." As evidence for his view, he sent me a New York Times article entitled "Is The World More Depressed?"
So is the world more depressed? And if so what does that have to do with evolution? Here's my response to my creationist friend in the form of a blog post.
The first thought that comes to mind is a question: once you've dismissed science as "a large, constantly shifting field of all kinds of contradictory theories," how can you then go on to quote scientific studies in defence of your view that the world is getting worse? It seems to me you must either accept the findings of science as a by-and-large reliable guide to what is true and real (including the scientific evidence for evolution), in which case you must critique the findings of science using the tools of science when you think it has gone astray, or else you must cease and desist all reference to its findings. Any attempt to have it both ways, dismissing science in general while also citing it in defence of your views, strikes me as deeply hypocritical.
Moving on, I have another observation: the New York Times article you sent me attributes rises in stress and mental illness and depression to "Our awareness of other people and where we stand in social space" and points out that "We know that social position affects both when you die and how sick you get." Note that the important thing here is social position, which means relative position. In other words, it doesn't matter how much you have, what matters is how much you have compared to others around you. When the article states with confidence "we know that…" the writer is talking about knowledge based on scientific evidence, and here's an excellent video that sums up the research admirably.
Now ask yourself: why would this be? What part of god's plan would explain the fact that relative differences in wealth and resources are so much more important than absolute differences in wealth and resources? Does this interesting fact about human nature have anything whatsoever to do with Adam and Eve, or Moses, or Jesus? Is it predicted by the bible you believe in?
My point is this: the details only makes sense in light of our evolutionary history. The observed pattern is just as true of baboons as it is of humans. In primates, greater inequality in social status usually means greater inequality in survival and reproduction rates, which is why our stress hormones have evolved to be consistently sensitive to changes in rank. We are the descendants of primates who followed those hormonal triggers to evolutionary success.
What we're observing is an evolved nature that's poorly adapted to the modern world, because technology, urbanization, and even agriculture are relatively modern developments, and genetic evolution can't keep up with cultural change. In some ways this is good, because cultural change has recently made us less racist and less sexist and less violent than the evidence suggests we used to be dozens or hundreds or tens of thousands of years ago. Culture can make us better people than we apparently evolved to be.
But the benefits of cultural change are not cost-free. Thanks to technology and media we have more people to compare ourselves to, more people to compete with, and more people to feel inferior to, and this constantly triggers stress hormones that harm our physical and mental health, just like it does in baboons only with greater intensity. So culture can also make us physically and mentally sicker than we evolved to be.
Jonathan Rottenberg's new book "The Depths: The Evolutionary Origins of the Depression Epidemic" explores these links in much greater detail. I haven't read it yet, but Maria Popova gives a nice overview in her recent Brainpickings post.
A better scientific understanding of the evolutionary factors at play here will help us to address the problems of depression and social disfunction more systematically and more effectively. I hope we share the common goal of increasing human wellbeing and reducing the amount of misery in the world. If so, science can help us towards that common goal, while the denial of science will only set us backwards.
So what do you think, is evolution worth a second look?
Darwin Day (Video)
A rap tribute to the countless biology teachers in the trenches of science literacy, teaching evolution to millions of students even in the face of religious objections. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution, so they deserve our thanks and support.
Darwin's America
We're Making a Movie!
You heard it here first: we're making a feature documentary about the Rap Guide to Evolution. The film, provisionally titled "Darwin's America," will be produced by Creative Chaos Ventures, a New York company whose most recent doc "Casting By" was a film festival favourite and HBO selection. Darwin's America will follow The Rap Guide to Evolution as we tour the show to the places it's needed most: the American South and current hotspots of "creationism vs evolution" conflict. Our aim is to engage and entertain, not belittle, and to explore the question: can a performance succeed where traditional arguments and education have failed to make an impact on people's views about evolution?
The film commences shooting next week with my gig at Mississippi State University for their "Darwin Week" celebrations, followed by a show (for contrast) at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto. The rest of the tour stops will be spread through March and April with some additional filming in July, and we are aiming to include gigs in Texas, Alabama, Tennessee, Louisiana, Kentucky and Oklahoma, plus there is still space to add more locations, which is where you come in. If you know of a venue or an organization anywhere in America (red states preferred, but not required) that would like to host a Rap Guide to Evolution performance in March or April, please get in touch. Because of the film and the short lead time I can do the gigs for a fraction of my normal fee.
It's exciting to be part of a project with a wide open and uncertain outcome, and I'll keep you posted as the tour and filming process unfolds!
Verbal Bling, Homicide, and Afrocentricity
When I was commissioned to write The Rap Guide to Evolution and challenged to communicate the key ideas behind Darwin's theory in hip-hop form, my first thought was to go through my record collection and see if I could find any rap songs that already centre around evolutionary themes. The three that seemed like the best candidates were "I'm A African" by Dead Prez, "Survival of the Fittest" by Mobb Deep, and "Hypnotize" by Biggie Smalls. So I set myself the challenge of re-writing these songs to make them explicitly instead of just implicitly evolutionary.
None of these three songs was written with Darwin in mind (as far as I know), but all three capture important ideas that are taught in biology classes the world over.
"I'm A African" by Dead Prez is an expression of black nationalist unity, reminding all black people, whether American, Jamaican, Haitian, etc, that they are children of Africa. As Dead Prez puts it in the outro: "It ain't 'bout where you stay, it's 'bout the motherland!" In my remixed version of the song (music video here), I remind all people of all races that they are also children of Africa, although some of us have to trace our ancestry back a bit further to get there. Since all humans lived in Africa (and had dark skin) as recently as 60,000 years ago, our current racial diversity is an evolutionarily recent "skin deep" phenomenon, and the Dead Prez anthem "I'm a African, and I know what's happenin'!" is a perfect synthesis of that scientific fact, which is increasingly supported by more and more streams of evidence. Also, it's hilarious when I can get white people, especially older white people (not to mention people of all other races) singing along with the chorus. The more diverse the audience, the more transgressive and cathartic the message. We are all African!
"Survival of the Fittest" by Mobb Deep captures the bleakness and danger of inner city ghetto life as well as any song I know. From the opening lines "There's a war goin' on outside no man is safe from, you can run but you can't hide forever…" the song reminds us that the world is sometimes a violent, hostile place, where strength and a hunger to fight for what's yours are all that keep you from being someone else's prey. This is also a perfect expression of the classic "nature red in tooth and claw" or "dog eat dog" understanding of Darwinism, in which organisms are locked in a constant and bloody struggle for survival.
The book "Homicide" by Martin Daly and Margot Wilson (summarized in this article) helps to explain how humans fit into this "war of nature" by exploring "the ways in which homicide rates respond to demographic, social and economic variables." Using an evolutionary psychology model to generate and tests hypotheses about human violence, Daly and Wilson conclude: "Our homicide research indicates that willingness to use dangerous competitive tactics depends in predictable ways on one's material and social circumstances and life prospects."
My remix of "Survival of the Fittest" (music video here and live performance here) combines Mobb Deep's perspective with Daly and Wilson's, showing how the male coalitional violence and desire to fight for status and dominance articulated so lucidly in the original song are in fact universal (though context-dependent) marks of our species.
Another insight of Daly and Wilson's is the relationship between life expectancy, income inequality, and age of first reproduction in young women. This suggests an evolutionary link between homicide in men and teen pregnancy in women, both of which can be understood as adaptations triggered by "one's material and social circumstances and life prospects." Over millions of years we have evolved the psychological tools needed to deal with certain challenges: scarce resources, dangerous enemies, and significant potential rewards (as well as high potential costs) for strategic youthful risk-taking. The bottom line is: in some contexts men who fail to risk violence and women who delay reproduction are the least likely to contribute genes to the next generation, and that's when Mobb Deep's "only the strong survive" perspective ceases to be "senseless violence" and starts looking like an evolutionarily rational response.
"Mr. Brinkman draws parallels between animal kingdom behavior and rap as a survivalist expression of power, pride, menace and sexual magnetism. And as he wryly points out, what is the ostentatious plumage of the male peacock but nature's bling?" The New York Times
The Notorious BIG's song "Hypnotize" mixes real, physical bling with incredibly fluid lyricism – verbal bling – creating a harmonious whole with "sexual magnetism" as its explicit raison d'etre. What is the song for? The ladies in the chorus leave no room for doubt, singing: "Biggie Biggie Biggie, can't you see, somehow your words just hypnotize me, and I just love your flashy ways, I guess that's why they're broke and you're so paid." According to evolutionary psychologist Geoffrey Miller, this isn't just what Biggie's song is for, this is also what "song" – ie the human capacity for music and poetry – is "for" in terms of its ultimate evolutionary function. If this is the case, then Biggie's words and their hypnotic effect on the female brain are fulfilling their precise Darwinian purpose.
For my remixed version of "Hypnotize" I had to tweak Biggie's message ever so slightly (lacking any real physical bling of my own to flaunt), by instead putting the emphasis on the verbal bling and its effects.
According to Miller, the ability to synthesize words and music into pleasing arrangements can be understood as a "costly signal" analogous to the peacock's tail, the nightingale's song, or the bowerbird's nest, a talent that was designed by evolution for a single purpose: attracting mates. And what do the ladies get out of the arrangement? They get an unfakeable guarantee of genetic quality, an assurance that the genes behind the display are top notch and will produce healthy and equally sexy offspring, well-equipped to fight diseases (because a disease-susceptible organism couldn't maintain the necessary brain and body power for the display in the first place) and attract the next generation of choosy groupies.
And what about the female talent for song? Well, human males are choosy too, especially when it comes to long-term investment, fatherhood, and commitment. Singing females may be displaying the same qualities as singing males, that is, well-developed brains and bodies and sexy genes, only their evolutionary goal may be to attract quality instead of quantity. Palaeolithic female pop divas might well have attracted stronger, smarter, higher-status mates than off-key female warblers in the Stone Age. Hey, it seems to have worked pretty well for Beyonce.
Posted in Blog Tagged dead prez, evolution, hip-hop, hypnotize, mobb deep, notorious big, rap, sexual selection Leave a comment
The Rap Up
What a year 2013 was! With your help we completed two crowdfunding campaigns, funding the first-ever three show hip-hop theatre cycle off-Broadway and a music video for the Darwin-inspired peace-anthem "Don't Sleep With Mean People" (look for the video release in 2014). The Rap Guide to Evolution toured the world, including stops in New Zealand, Germany, Spain, Canada, and all over the USA. We were nominated for an OBA Award for "Best Unique Theatrical Experience" in New York, and the NCSE gave me a "Friend of Darwin Award" for some reason.
2013 was also the year I kicked off a new kind of performance, the "Rap Up," in which I sit in the audience at a live event, whether a lecture, conference, performance, concert, award show, whatever, with my brain partitioned, part listening and part composing verses on the fly. Then at the end of the event I step to the stage and perform a fresh-minted satirical rap summary, unrevised and unrehearsed, which gets a great response since the content is tailored for the crowd, a transient zen rap that lives only for a single performance (unless it ends up on YouTube). Of course, you won't catch all the in-jokes unless you were there, but here's a collection of recent rap up performances that were filmed.
And what does 2014 hold in store? More Evolution touring (Norway, Australia, and the American South coming up this Spring), more rap up gigs, more Canterbury Tales (I'm looking into Edinburgh, fingers crossed), and more new music. I'm working on a solo hip-hop record and have a couple of new shows in development, so stay tuned for releases and announcements coming up.
Happy new year!
Rap Guide to Evolution in Vancouver
In two and a half weeks I'll be performing my first-ever public theatre run in my hometown of Vancouver, BC, and the first run of any kind there since the Vancouver Fringe in 2003. My early forays into hip-hop theatre have taken me around the world, but it took a full decade for them to bring me home again! The Rap Guide to Evolution runs from October 29 through November 10 at the Cultch in East Vancouver.
Posted in Blog 6 Comments
New Album: Irregular Spirits
Back in 2005 while I was performing at the Brighton Fringe Festival I met and made friends with a network of ridiculously talented UK rappers. Several of them were in a group called The Menagerie, and several others joined the group later on, and over the years I've had the pleasure of recording and performing with them around the UK. A few years ago several of us came together to record the album Irregular Spirits, which was just released on CD, vinyl, and digital download from the UK label Tea Sea Records.
Stream or Download Irregular Spirits Now
In addition to myself, the album features Dizraeli, Elemental, Dr. Syntax, Koaste, Longusto, Vecks, Teej, Jon Clark, Simon Mole, and Sadie Jemmett, with cuts by Nick Maxwell and production by Tom Caruana (of Wu-Tang vs The Beatles fame). The label describes it as "a wildly original album filled with ridiculous flows, soulful ballads, and hilariously twisted hip-hop phantasmagoria worthy of The Island of Dr. Moreau." I couldn't have said it better myself.
Watch the video for lead single "Are You Serious?"
Seriously, it's very difficult to do this album justice with a textual description, so I humbly implore you to just go check it out. It's a project I'm very proud of, and the artists on it are some of my best friends as well as the rappers I most admire, on the British Isles and worldwide.
If you write a blog or music column, please consider reviewing the record. Here's the press release.
Thunderclap With Me!
This post has one request and one request only: please join my thunderclap!
Link to join: http://thndr.it/14qcq7C
Thunderclap is a social media amplifier that will blast out a message via Twitter and Facebook from hundreds of different accounts all at once, but only if the owners of those accounts sign up first – that's you! If I can get 250 people signed up by noon on August 29th, I can finish my current crowdfunding campaign with a mighty bang.
The message I want to send is "Don't Sleep With Mean People" combined with a quote from the biologist Richard Alexander: "Evolution is most deterministic for those still unaware of it." That's one of the main reasons I'm passionate about science communication. By understanding the influence of evolution on our behaviour, we have the ability to resist that influence, and act more in alignment with our goals and priorities.
Please help me spread the message, and get a few of your friends to sign up as well. It's free, and the power of your added voice would help me immensely.
Sleep With Whoever You Want, Jeremy Yoder
From a gene's eye view, is it better to be in the body of a machiavellian psychopath or in the body of a socially-responsible nice guy? The answer to that question depends on the environment, and recent evidence suggests that the answer is far from obvious. My debate with Jeremy Yoder comes down to the question of whether or not conscientious sexual choices can change this equation.
In his third and (thankfully) final post critiquing my "Don't Sleep With Mean People" campaign, Yoder helpfully narrows his scattershot objections down to a simple and easily refuted point:
My argument isn't that this genetic contribution [to individual differences in meanness] doesn't exist—it's that this genetic contribution is pretty much meaningless from the perspective of an individual person's dating life.
I should note that this is Yoder's argument now. In his previous post it was about how "natural selection needs genetic variation in order to operate" and Yoder was (or acted like he was) skeptical that differences in meanness are due in any part to genetic variation. Now he acknowledges the evidence that genetic variation does in fact play a role in determining human temperaments, but claims this is irrelevant to selection because our genes are sensitive to environmental triggers:
If genetic variation is only strongly predictive of variation in criminality for people who've experienced many environmental risk factors, then you'd have to exclusively date people with those risk factors (this is a filter I haven't found on OKCupid yet) in order to know that the variation in their personalities is probably due to genetics.
Let's take a moment to note that my campaign is not titled "Don't Sleep With Genetically Mean People." The concept is specifically agnostic about the relative contributions of environment and genes – it doesn't matter! As I've said from the beginning, I'm assuming only that some component in some people is genetic. As long as that's true, targeting meanness in general will impact both genetically and environmentally caused meanness, by incentivizing good behaviour while reducing the relative fitness of mean genes.
Let's say a young lady, call her Courtney, were to change her ways and eschew sleeping with bad boys like the guy above. Anytime a prospective lover brags about beating someone up or expresses enthusiasm for street racing or firearms she breaks things off with him. She doesn't know (or care) which of these guys were exposed to risk factors and which weren't, which of them have mean genes and which are a "product of their environment." They all get dismissed in turn, and she ends up settling down with a conscientious, supportive, responsible guy. What's the worst that could happen? Here's Yoder's doom-and-gloom scenario:
You could end up reproducing with someone whose genome is chock-full of variants for "meanness" that are never apparent in the right environment.
In other words, the guy is a prince among men and never mistreats her or anyone else, but he carries latent genes for meanness. So what? She gets a great guy and has a happy life! Genes for aggression that don't get expressed can't be targeted by selection (Yoder's point) but they also don't increase the rate of spousal abuse or armed robbery (my point). And if those genes manifest themselves as meanness in the next generation due to encountering the requisite environmental triggers, they will be screened out by the next generation of young women who don't sleep with mean people. Or maybe the carriers will adapt to the new environment (where meanness is suddenly maladaptive), and figure out how to act right. Either way, individuals like Courtney win, humanity wins, and mean people lose (along with Yoder's argument).
This is not just a cockamamie scheme I cooked up, it's something that has been happening for tens of thousands of years already. Richard Wrangham and Nicholas Wade have written about the phenomenon of "gracilization" or "self-domestication" in humans and in our close cousins the bonobos. This self-domestication is driven by an evolutionary process in which "the violent and aggressive males somehow had a lesser chance of breeding." If you agree that a less violent world would be a better one for everyone involved, this transformation is something to celebrate. It is aided by moral philosophy and the rule of law – Geoffrey Miller argues "moral philosophy and political theory have mostly been attempts to shift male human sexual competitiveness from physical violence to the peaceful accumulation of wealth and status." It is aided by (pop) cultural evolution when peaceable high-status males like Ashton Kutcher inform screaming female fans that sexiness consists of being "intelligent, thoughtful, and generous." And I hope it is aided, in some small way, by my campaign.
When Jeremy Yoder first started sniping at me I thought he was just being an annoying pedant, but I've been flabbergasted to discover that he truly believes mate choice makes no difference to human behaviour, and individual sexual choices could not, under any circumstances, make future generations perceptibly, genetically nicer. How on earth could a practicing biologist adhere so tenaciously to this position? Does he really think male-on-male aggression is sexually selected in every mammal species except ours? Yoder is clearly not a blank-slatist, so in the end I can only return to my original "ad homo-nem" diagnosis (with apologies to Jesse Bering). Like the grinch that stole Christmas, Yoder is mad at my "heteronormative" campaign because he feels left out of it as a gay man. His mate choices are very unlikely to influence genes via sexual selection, so he argues that sexual selection "is pretty much meaningless from the perspective of an individual person's dating life."
Confidential to JY: if you had just expressed your outrage by saying "I feel hurt and left out" instead of accusing me of peddling pseudo-science, we could have avoided all this ugliness.
My only consolation for Yoder is to point out that we are virtually in the same boat. Because violence is mostly perpetrated by heterosexual males, it's heterosexual female mate choice that has the greatest chance of changing the evolutionary equation. Peace-loving males like Yoder and I are cheerleaders at best, arguing about the details while female mate choice continues its slow but relentless reshaping of the human genome. I have no delusions that I can change its course, but that doesn't stop me from wanting to give it a nudge.
Posted in Blog 4 Comments
JY's Five Finger Discount
In his recent blog post, evolutionary biologist and sleeping-with-mean-people advocate Jeremy Yoder tries his best to win an argument by shoplifting the conclusion rather than paying for it with good points. If you're just tuning in, our debate was initiated when he bombed my Don't Sleep With Mean People campaign Pearl Harbour style, prompting me to respond with a challenge: since Yoder claims he is keen to support a project of mine that teaches people about evolution, he should concede that this project is a worthy one and pay up. One thing I didn't expect to have to do is teach an evolutionary biologist about evolution, but since this one keeps digging himself deeper, here goes.
In his original post, Yoder argued that the DSWMP slogan would never work because it assumes "the major component of variation in meanness is explained by genetics" and because the meanest people he could imagine – Rush Limbaugh, Simon Cowell, and Anne Coulter – would always be rationalized as charming and kind by their lovers. Although I deliberately left the definition of "mean" open-ended (ie "don't sleep with homophobes" is a fair interpretation), I had less innocuous forms of meanness than social conservatism in mind, things like violence, aggression, cruelty, coercion, etc, the kinds of behaviours that incur felony charges and are overwhelmingly a male-perpetrated phenomenon. In his new post, Yoder's argument is not that male violence isn't an adaptation; rather, he argues that our violent tendencies have been so completely drilled into us by natural selection that they show insufficient genetic variation for selection to act on:
It may well be that there is something programmed into the development of human males that makes us, as a group, more likely to be violent once we've reached maturity—and, certainly, the development of boys into men is controlled by our genes. But natural selection (or artificial selection promoted by a nerd-rapper) needs genetic variation in order to operate. The fact that every male becomes more violent after puberty doesn't tell us anything at all about whether individual differences in the magnitude of that change—differences that can be dramatic, both across and within cultural groups—are due to individual genetic differences. And if you don't know that, you really can't claim that you could select for reduced masculine meanness.
He's right that a complete lack of individual genetic differences in proneness-to-violence would be a death-blow for my campaign, but luckily for me and all the other peaceniks who support the DSWMP credo, Yoder simply didn't bother to look up any of the evidence.
A brief search of "genetics" "heritability" "aggression" and "violence" turns up compelling studies from Applied Genetics and Neuroscience, but the best evidence comes from Behavioural Genetics. Behavioural geneticists have devised excellent methods for estimating the amount of heritable variation in personality and behaviour, and proneness to violence is definitely part of their repertoire. They measure heritability by looking at the differences between pairs of fraternal and identical twins raised together and raised apart, and by looking at the similarities and differences between adopted siblings raised in the same home, thus controlling for environmental vs genetic influences. The New York Times summarizes one research finding (Kevin Beaver's) like so:
He has tried to measure which circumstances — having delinquent friends, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood — influence whether a predisposition to violence surfaces. After studying twins and siblings, he came up with an astonishing result: In boys not exposed to the risk factors, genetics played no role in any of their violent behavior. The positive environment had prevented the genetic switches… that affect aggression from being turned on. In boys with eight or more risk factors, however, genes explained 80 percent of their violence.
When Yoder falsely criticized me for assuming that "the major component of variation in meanness is explained by genetics" I responded that he was overstating the case: all we need is for the variation to have some genetic basis, even a minor component, and DSWMP would have an effect. Ironically, the evidence suggests that in high risk populations the difference between a violent thug and a good citizen shows 80% heritability! I'm also willing to bet that among the "risk factors" being measured, they didn't include the presence or absence of conscientious young women promoting the sexual attractiveness of peaceful conflict resolution. "Don't Sleep With Mean People" is another way of saying: if women take a stand and proclaim that they won't be turned on by aggression, that could prevent the genetic switches behind aggression from being turned on.
Yoder's recent argument also contains an interesting analogy that I'd like to expand on. He likens "being a violent male" to "having five fingers on each hand," with the implication being that it might in fact be entirely environmental conditions that cause any variation from the norm:
Consider another trait that is invariant across human populations: almost everyone on the planet has five fingers on each hand. Five-fingered hands absolutely have a genetic basis… But knowing this doesn't tell us, when we see a man with only four fingers, that there's a genetic basis to the variation he represents. Environmental conditions can have profound effects on human skeletal morphology.
As a thought experiment, imagine a hypothetical population of humans where the culturally-favoured method of male-on-male competition is knife fights. Imagine also that knife fights in that population are pretty much the only way a man ever loses fingers, and only the winners are missing fingers, because the losers are all dead (good fighters enjoy a straightforward fitness advantage). Finally, imagine that not all men get into knife fights with equal frequency; some prefer to compete instead with poems or music or by arguing publicly over scientific nuances, and some prefer a combination of strategies. If the tendency to get into knife fights were linked to some stable, heritable personality trait, for instance (dis)agreeableness – and if the heritable variation in that trait were estimated at, say, around 41% or 42% – then having four fingers or less would show significant heritable variation!
Of course, all babies without defects would still be born with five fingers, but the odds of losing one or more fingers after puberty would be strongly influenced by genes. Twin studies would reveal that identical twins were more likely to end up with correlated finger numbers than fraternal twins, and adopted siblings would more closely resemble their biological parents than their adopted parents in number of fingers lost over a lifetime. This is just to point out that Yoder may have his thumb unfairly pressed on the scale in favour of "environmental" factors, which might in some cases be a part of our extended phenotype.
Now imagine some enterprising troubadour, concerned both for the welfare of society (such a pointless waste of fingers!) and for his own welfare as a better wordsmith than a knife fighter, were to write a semi-serious but whimsical song encouraging women not to sleep with men who are missing fingers, which could serve as a proxy for the genes behind the fighting. The women might still be attracted to knife fighters, but also to troubadours and scientists and other types as well, and they might be sick of all the bloodshed. If the song quickly caught on and the women (and gay men) could be heard to sing "He's no good for kissing, his fingers are missing" on every street corner, knife fighting might disappear from the population, even if the genetic variation remained. Changing the cultural triggers would have the same phenotypic effect as changing the genes. Those low-agreeableness high-aggression low-compassion genes might persist in the gene pool for some time, grudgingly muted by the new culturally-imposed standard of good behaviour, but without their fitness advantage they would eventually be lost to drift.
In the same way, my DSWMP campaign targets the intersection of culture and genes. It also assumes that the effects of genes on human behaviour, and the effects of sexual selection (intentional or otherwise) on gene frequency are probabilistic rather than one-to-one deterministic. If the campaign decreases the likelihood of genes "for" violence (ie genes that increase the probability of violence in certain contexts) being either expressed or passed on at all, I will be satisfied, and if it teaches a few people about evolution in the process, even better.
Posted in Blog 5 Comments


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My Collections is a new feature that allows users with a valid PirateID to make their own digital collections that can be saved and shared.
Students study in the Whichard Building on the ECTC campus in this early 1940s photo. At the time Whichard served as the campus library.
Greenville Kiwanis Club members take a trip on the Kiwanis Choo-Choo in this Daily Reflector photo from the spring of 1956.
A chapter of the "Little Mother's League for Better Babies" poses at Kinston High School in Kinston, North Carolina in this circa 1920 photo.
Two children ice skate in this late 19th century image from a postcard advertising Vaseline from Cheeeseborough Manufacturing Company.
This interactive map illustrates how campus grew from East Carolina Teachers Training College to East Carolina University.
Originally published featuring the motto "Truth in Preference to Fiction" this new collection features digitized editions of this Greenville newspaper spanning from 1887 to 1915.
Developed in concert with University Archives, this interactive map provides a building history of how campus grew from East Carolina Teachers Training College to East Carolina University. View Homepage
Need a nice short description for this collection
A chronologic list of materials from the East Carolina University History Collection. View Chronological Sort
The more than 7,500 historic images from The Daily Reflector, Greenville, NC's daily newspaper, document the sweeping changes in Eastern North Carolina between 1949 and 1967. View Homepage
The Eastern North Carolina Digital Library contains fiction and non-fiction books, museum artifacts, maps and educational material pertaining to the rich cultural history of the 41 eastern North Carolina counties. View Homepage
Contains more than 1250 collections of historical documentation including correspondence, diaries, business and church records, maps, genealogy notes, and photographs, plus some 210 original oral history memoirs. View Homepage
* This is random sample of subjects, for more view the subject page or shuffle this cloud
The Digital Collections unit supports the research and teaching mission of East Carolina University and preserves the cultural heritage of the eastern North Carolina community through digital initiatives, especially the creation of digital library materials and tools.
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subset: commoncrawl


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In John 17, Jesus says that we are not of this world just as He is not of it. He then goes on to say that just as He was sent by the Father, He sends us out to the world. Our home is not here but with God in heaven & we are to boldly declare His Gospel message throughout our time on this earth. Let this challenge you to be bold about your faith & sharing your faith. The Bible is full of people who took a stand by being set apart for Jesus even when it meant that they would do so alone. Are you willing to be an identity set apart for Jesus no matter what?
Item No: 329756
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Safari Books Online is a digital library providing on-demand subscription access to thousands of learning resources.
Data Clustering in C++: An Object-Oriented Approach
By: Guojun Gan
Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC
Publication Date: 28-MAR-2011
Insert Date: 28-AUG-2013
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Data Clustering in C++: An Object-Oriented Approach
Using object-oriented design and programming techniques in C++, this book explores the commonalities of all data clustering algorithms to create a flexible set of reusable classes that simplifies the implementation of any data clustering algorithm. The first part of the text reviews basic concepts of data clustering, the UML, object-oriented programming in C++, and design patterns. The second section develops the data clustering base classes. The third part implements several popular data clustering algorithms. Additional topics such as data pre-processing, data and cluster visualization,...
By: Mikael Olsson
Publisher: Apress
Publication Date: 31-JUL-2013
Insert Date: 20-AUG-2013
Slots: 1.0
Overview: C++ Quick Syntax Reference
The C++ Quick Syntax Reference is a condensed code and syntax reference to the C++ programming language. It presents the essential C++ syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. You won't find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. What you will find is a language reference that is concise, to the point and highly accessible. The book is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any C++ programmer. In the C++ Quick Syntax Reference, you will find: A concise reference to the C++...
Parallel Programming with Microsoft® Visual C++®
By: Colin Campbell; Ade Miller
Publisher: Microsoft Press
Publication Date: 12-APR-2011
Insert Date: 15-JAN-2013
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Parallel Programming with Microsoft® Visual C++®
Save time and reduce risk on your software development projects by incorporating patterns &practices, Microsoft®'s applied engineering guidance that includes both production quality source code and documentation....
By: Steve Oualline
Publisher: No Starch Press
Publication Date: 01-APR-2003
Insert Date: 30-NOV-2012
Slots: 1.0
Overview: How Not to Program in C++
Find the bugs in these broken programs and become a better programmer. Based on real-world errors, the puzzles range from easy (one wrong character) to mind twisting (errors with multiple threads). Match your wits against the author's and polish your language skills as you try to fix broken programs. Clues help along the way, and answers are provided at the back of the book....
Sams Teach Yourself C++ in One Hour a Day, Seventh Edition
By: Siddhartha Rao
Publisher: Sams
Publication Date: 10-MAY-2012
Insert Date: 24-MAY-2012
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Sams Teach Yourself C++ in One Hour a Day, Seventh Edition
Learn C++ in Just One Hour a Day Completely updated for the C++11 standard, Sams Teach Yourself C++ in One Hour a Day presents the language from a practical point of view, helping you learn how to use C++11 to create faster, simpler, and more efficient C++ applications. Master the fundamentals of C++ and object-oriented programming Understand how C++11 features help you write compact and efficient code using concepts such as lambda expressions, move constructors, and assignment operators Learn the Standard Template Library, including containers and algorithms used in most...
Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI and Turbo C++
By: Ashok Kamthane
Publisher: Pearson Education India
Publication Date: 15-JUL-2006
Insert Date: 09-MAY-2012
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI and Turbo C++
A student-friendly, practical and example-driven book, Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI and Turbo C++ gives you a solid background in the fundamentals of C++ which has emerged as a standard object-oriented programming language. This comprehensive book, enriched with illustrations and a number of solved programs, will help you unleash the full potential of C++. Prof. Kamthane explains each concept in an easy-to-understand manner and takes you straight to applications. He believes that practice makes a man perfect, and this book aims at making you one. ...
Visual C++ 2010 - Das Entwicklerbuch
By: Walter Saumweber; Dirk Louis
Publisher: Microsoft Press Deutschland
Publication Date: 12-JUL-2013
Insert Date: 03-MAR-2012
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Visual C++ 2010 - Das Entwicklerbuch
Das umfassende Arbeitsbuch zur Programmierung mit Visual C++. Das Buch beinhaltet eine kurze Einführung in die C++-Grundlagen und konzentriert sich von Anfang an auf die Programmierung mit den .NET-Bibliotheken und die C++/CLI-Syntax. Es zeigt die optimale Nutzung der Visual Studio-Umgebung unter Berücksichtigung folgender Schwerpunkte: Objektorientierung, Windows Forms, Datenbanken, parallele Programmierung und Weitergabe von Programmen....
By: Dirk Louis
Publisher: Markt+Technik Verlag
Publication Date: 15-DEC-2006
Insert Date: 27-FEB-2012
Slots: 1.0
Overview: C/C++: Die Referenz
Das fundierte und professionelle Nachschlagewerk bietet alle Funktionen und Befehle im schnellen Zugriff: Thematisch und alphabetisch sortiert mit ausführlichem Index, hilfreich für alle Programmierer – vom Einsteiger bis zum Profi....
C++ Programming: A Practical Approach
By: Madhusudan Mothe
Publisher: Pearson Education India
Publication Date: 21-SEP-2011
Insert Date: 03-DEC-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: C++ Programming: A Practical Approach
The book follows the approach of introducing a concept followed by providing an example and then brings out the intricacies of the topic by asking questions based on the example provided. Further, it exploits both teaching and industrial experience of the author and provides various complexities that arise in the real programming scenario. ...
Professional C++, Second Edition
By: Marc Gregoire; Nicholas A. Solter; Scott J. Kleper
Publisher: Wrox
Publication Date: 04-OCT-2011
Insert Date: 01-NOV-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Professional C++, Second Edition
Essential reading for experienced developers who are determined to master the latest release of C++ Although C++ is often the language of choice from game programming to major commercial software applications, it is also one of the most difficult to master. With this no-nonsense book, you will learn to conquer the latest release of C++. The author deciphers little-known features of C++, shares detailed code examples that you can then plug into your own code, and reveals the significant changes to C++ that accompany the latest release. You'll discover how to design and build applications...
Modeling Maximum Trading Profits with C++
By: Valerii Salov
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Publication Date: 02-FEB-2007
Insert Date: 16-SEP-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Modeling Maximum Trading Profits with C++
This ebook does not provide access to the CD-ROM files. "Mr. Salov has taken one of my favorite creations – Perfect Profit – and provided an expanded description of his interpretation of it and put it in your hands with the included software. Like I said fifteen years ago, Perfect Profit is an important tool for the trading system developer. See for yourself." —Robert Pardo, President, Pardo Capital Limited "A very in-depth reference for programmers that should serve well into the future. The code herein lends itself well to other syntactically similar programming languages such as...
By: Thuan L. Thai
Publisher: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Publication Date: 01-APR-1999
Insert Date: 06-APR-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Learning DCOM
This book introduces C++ programmers to DCOM and gives them the basic tools they need to write secure, maintainable programs. It clearly describes the C++ code needed to create distributed components and the communications exchanged between systems and objects, providing background, a guide to Visual C++ development tools and wizards, and insight for performance tuning, debugging, and understanding what the system is doing with your code....
Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Second Edition
By: Michael T. Goodrich; Roberto Tamassia; David M. Mount
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Publication Date: 22-FEB-2011
Insert Date: 30-MAR-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Second Edition
An updated, innovative approach to data structures and algorithms Written by an author team of experts in their fields, this authoritative guide demystifies even the most difficult mathematical concepts so that you can gain a clear understanding of data structures and algorithms in C++. The unparalleled author team incorporates the object-oriented design paradigm using C++ as the implementation language, while also providing intuition and analysis of fundamental algorithms. Offers a unique multimedia format for learning the fundamentals of data structures and algorithms Allows...
By: Nicholas A. Solter; Scott J. Kleper
Publisher: Wrox
Publication Date: 21-JAN-2005
Insert Date: 24-MAR-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Professional C++
Geared to experienced C++ developers who may not be familiar with the more advanced features of the language, and therefore are not using it to its full capabilities Teaches programmers how to think in C++-that is, how to design effective solutions that maximize the power of the language The authors drill down into this notoriously complex language, explaining poorly understood elements of the C++ feature set as well as common pitfalls to avoid Contains several in-depth case studies with working code that's been tested on Windows, Linux, and Solaris platforms ...
Ivor Horton's Beginning Visual C++®2008
By: Ivor Horton
Publisher: Wrox
Publication Date: 31-MAR-2008
Insert Date: 22-MAR-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Ivor Horton's Beginning Visual C++®2008
Proudly presenting the latest edition of one of the all-time bestselling books on the C++ language, successful author Ivor Horton repeats the formula that has made each previous edition so popular by teaching you both the standard C++ language and C++/CLI as well as Visual C++ 2008. Thoroughly updated for the 2008 release, this book shows you how to build real-world applications using Visual C++ and guides you through the ins and outs of C++ development. With this book by your side, you are well on your way to becoming a successful C++ programmer. ...
C++ Programming: Visual QuickStart Guide
By: Larry Ullman; Andreas Signer
Publisher: Peachpit Press
Publication Date: 16-DEC-2005
Insert Date: 19-MAR-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: C++ Programming: Visual QuickStart Guide
What do Adobe, Microsoft, Amazon.com, and Google have in common? They all use C++ to develop products and provide services! As one of the world's most popular programming languages, C++ opens up a world of possibilities—if you're willing to learn it! This guide makes that task easy by tackling both object-oriented programming principles and the ABCs of C++ itself through a series of task-based lessons that employ friendly language and a plethora of visual aids to explain every aspect of the development language. From basic syntax and data types to working with numbers, characters, loops, and...
Professional Multicore Programming: Design and Implementation for C++ Developers
By: Cameron Hughes; Tracey Hughes
Publisher: Wrox
Publication Date: 09-SEP-2008
Insert Date: 19-FEB-2011
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Professional Multicore Programming: Design and Implementation for C++ Developers
Professional Multicore Programming: Design and Implementation for C++ Developers presents the basics of multicore programming in a simple, easy-to-understand manner so that you can easily apply the concepts to your everyday projects. Learn the fundamentals of programming for multiprocessor and multithreaded architecture, progress to multi-core programming and eventually become comfortable with programming techniques that otherwise can be difficult to understand. Anticipate the pitfalls and traps of concurrency programming and synchronization before you encounter them yourself by finding...
Programming and Problem Solving with C++: Brief Edition, 5th Edition
By: Nell Dale; Chip Weems
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Publication Date: 22-OCT-2010
Insert Date: 07-DEC-2010
Slots: 1.0
Overview: Programming and Problem Solving with C++: Brief Edition, 5th Edition
Based off the highly successful Programming and Problem Solving with C++ which Dale is famous for, comes the new Brief Edition, perfect for the one-term course. The text was motivated by the need for a text that covered only what instructors and students are able to move through in a single semester without sacrificing the breadth and detail necessary for the introductory programmer. The authors excite and engage students in the learning process with their accessible writing style, rich pedagogy, and relevant examples. This Brief Edition introduces the new Software Maintenance Case...
A Laboratory Course in C++, 5th Edition
By: Nell Dale
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Publication Date: 23-JUN-2009
Insert Date: 16-OCT-2010
Slots: 1.0
Overview: A Laboratory Course in C++, 5th Edition
Through hands-on lab exercises, this lab manual teaches the syntax and semantics of C++ constructs in a flexible framework that is perfect for both closed lab settings and independent learning. The exercises are broken into three types of activities: Pre-Lab: Reading review and paper-and-pencil exercises designed to ensure understanding of the material to be covered in the exercises In-Lab: Individual lessons broken into exercises specifically mapped to the concepts covered in the chapter Post-Lab: Programming assignments which can be done independently and cover the important topics from...
C++: An Active Learning Approach
By: Todd W. Breedlove; Randal L. Albert
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Publication Date: 22-OCT-2010
Insert Date: 12-OCT-2010
Slots: 1.0
Overview: C++: An Active Learning Approach
C++: An Active Learning Approach provides a hands-on approach to the C++ language through active learning exercises and numerous programming projects. Ideal for the introductory programming course, this text includes the latest C++ upgrades without losing site of the C underpinnings still required for all computing fields. With over 30 years combined teaching experience the authors understand potential pitfalls students face and aim to keep the language simple, straightforward, and conversational. The topics are covered in-depth yet as succinctly as possible. The text provides challenging...


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Alternate Job Titles: Secretary to Chief Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer Secretary, Secretary to CEO, CEO Secretary, Administrative Assistant to Chief Executive Officer, Administrative Assistant to CEO
The salary for someone with the job title Secretary to Chief Executive Officer in Huntington Beach, CA varies depending on a number of factors. Our team of Certified Compensation Professionals has analyzed survey data collected from thousands of HR departments at employers of all sizes and industries on Secretary to Chief Executive Officer salaries to construct a range which describes the distribution of salaries for people with the job title Secretary to Chief Executive Officer in Huntington Beach, CA.
Administrative, Support, and Clerical
Similar Job Titles:
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Information Technology Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Technology Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Top Division Information Technology Executive, Executive Assistant, Top Learning (Knowledge) Executive
This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Secretary to Chief Executive Officer in Huntington Beach, CA that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Secretary to Chief Executive Officer in Huntington Beach are expected to make less than the median.
Source: HR Reported data as of April 2014
View Administrative, Support, and Clerical Jobs by Salary Range:
Relieves Chief Executive Officer of administrative functions in order to increase the time CEO has available for executive level responsibilities. Handles a wide variety of complex and confidential situations and resolves conflicts involving the clerical and administrative function of the office. Responsible for confidential and time sensitive material. Prepares routine and advanced correspondence including letters, memoranda, and reports. Calls on one or more lower level secretaries for assistance on a per project basis. Requires an associate's degree or its equivalent with at least 4 years of experience in the field or in a related area. Familiar with a variety of the field's concepts, practices, and procedures. Relies on experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals. A wide degree of creativity and latitude is expected. May direct and lead the work of others. Typically reports to the CEO.
View full job description
* Based on user behavior


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For their thirty-plus years of innovation and dedication to improving the way drum products are made, Drum Workshop is recognized worldwide as an industry leader. DW's passion for designing and manufacturing the very best starts with founder Don Lombardi and the "wood whisperer," John Good. In fact, DW prides itself in manufacturing most, if not all, of the parts for each of their products on site in their facility in Oxnard, California.
The company began with a focus on hardware, with their first product being a height-adjustable trap seat. When DW received a purchase order for 100 seats from Camco Drum Co., Don and John realized that they had an innovative product that would sell. Over 30 years later, DW offers a new version of the trap-case adjustable seat, made out of a lighter weight material, called the 6100 Adjustable Trap-Case Seat. Read More>


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Williams-Sonoma Flat Whisk
- Exclusive
- Summary
We designed and developed our exclusive line of stainless-steel kitchen tools by drawing upon more than fifty years of culinary experience. These professional-quality utensils are crafted of heavy-gauge stainless steel and ergonomically shaped for excellent balance and control—for a difference you can really feel in the hand. Our flat whisk is optimally shaped for preparing a roux or gravy.
- Designed and developed by Williams-Sonoma, and exclusively ours.
- Made of nonreactive 18/10 stainless steel with a polished finish.
- Flat, flexible head is ideal for stirring pan sauces and gravies and pressing out lumps.
- Handle is contoured to fit securely and comfortably in hand while whisking.
- Weighted handle for optimal balance and control.
- Dishwasher safe.
- 11 1/2" long.
- Made in China.
- Use & Care
- Dishwasher safe.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
This item is shipped from our warehouse by UPS to arrive within five business days of our receiving your order.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Rush Delivery
For an additional charge of $15 per address, we can rush delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Return Policy
At Williams-Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. If, within 30 days, you are not completely satisfied with your purchase for any reason, please return the item for an exchange or refund of the merchandise value. View Full Return Policy.


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Have you heard the myth that black cats are unsafe in October, in part because witches may try to adopt them for rituals? We sure have. But guess what? Top ASPCA experts agree that it's just not true.
Unfortunately, the truth is kinda scary, too: Year-round, black cats are the least likely to get adopted in shelters across the U.S. In fact, black animals in general take more time to find homes, says Gail Buchwald, Senior Vice President of the Adoption Center.
At the ASPCA, we LOVE black kitties. (Some of our friendliest cats, like Marissa, are black—yet Marissa has waited more than nine months to find a family. What's up with that?)
Aside from the most important reason to adopt black kitties—that they really need extra help finding homes—here are a few reasons to take home one or two:
- Their fur won't show on your little black dress.
- You can tell your kids you adopted a mini panther.
- Black cats go with everything.
- In most cultures, black cats are a sign of good luck.
- You already know black cats are awesome—you have one at home! If you've got a great black kitty, tell us about him or her in the comments. You just might persuade someone else to give these felines a little extra attention.
black cats are very loving! my grandmother has one she loves to be scratched behind the ears! she is also very spoiled. we foumd her one the street and she just followed us home. after that day shes been our family pet(: she also recently had kittens! i also had a question. there is a baby kitten under my home, i feed him dog food and he eats it also things like balony and any meat i have, but i wanted to know is that healthy for him? he is a lil big but still a baby his mother was ran over and they didnt even stop! he cries and is very traumatized by vehicles do you suggest anything?
I went to the shelter looking for a pair of kitties to bring home. I wasn't looking for a black cat because I was concerned kids might be mean to it. Well the gals at the shelter told me about a boy that was super sweet and wanted to go home with a friend. Did I mention that I didn't want a long hair either? Well they bring in this little boy and not only is he black but he has long hair and a tail that flops over his back like a squirrel! And he's beautiful. His name is Mr. Burns and he's very mischievous. Never leave small things lying within his reach because he will steal them. He once tried to steal a fork but chap stick is his favorite. There's always something new with him. I'm so glad I brought home my little, fat black cat and his torti sister Gracie Lou. They bring a lot of joy to my life.
I've had a couple black cats. There's nothing to the myth.
We actually adopted our little black cat Spooky about a year ago, close to Halloween, thus the name. He has become a very important family member to us and has the best personality and is so loving. We have a mini schnauzer who hates all cats, other than Spooky, they have become playmates. Spooky isn't a lap cat but loves to sleep with us and loves his ears scratched and really communicates with us if he is hungry or wants to go out and play.
I love black cats! My kitty, Silo, is the most loving, sweet guy and full of personality. He is a great family member. Plus, he goes with everything, super chic. Meow, darling! Like a little black dress, every lady should have one:)
Many years ago i found a stray black cat who let me carry him, he even licked my chin! He was the sweetest little cat. Now there is a black female cat that decided to make our street her home, she runs away from kids but loves approachable peopld. She has long legs a long tail and actually looks like a mini panther, she is very healthy and Extremely sweet and loving. In short, black cats are really kind and should be adopted like any other colored animals
I had a black kitten; she was the baby to my torti, Mina. She would lick my thumb when she was a tiny little baby and when she was 4 months old, she would raise her "arms" up and put them on my shoulders, like a baby asking to be picked up. If I ignored her, she jumped onto my back at first opportunity. Her name was Twilight, and she was my very heart and soul. She was killed by a neighborhood bully one day while she was lounging on the porch. I still love and miss her. I am a sucker for black cats, but Twilight made my heart jump and skip beats.
I have several black cats. They are just as sweet and playful as can be, and very intelligent. Mine are very well-behaved. One sleeps on the bed with me, right beside me, and muffs me and gives me kitty kisses. Mine are long and short hair and I seldom see any black cat hairs on furniture, carpet, or my clothes.
i have a black named jenny. found her when 3 wks 8 ounces w 2 worms now is 5 yrs old she has her own personalty i wouldnt change her OR GIVE HER UP. LOVE HER VERY LOVABLE
We had a black cat for 14 years. He was awesome! Friendly with everyone. Had a great personality. He wore his emotions outwardly. When he had an attitude - he showed it. When he was playful - there was no stopping him. Funniest cat we ever owned! Loved him - Miss him!


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Men's Hurricane 15
RUN - Guidance
The Hurricane 15 blends the features of a traditional stability shoe with the feel of a flexible, lightweight trainer. The upper is upgraded with Support Frame, a heel locking technology that provides a secure, stable fit. PowerGrid™ midsole technology provides superior cushioning and the 8mm offset encourages a lower-impact ride. Weight: 11.2oz. / 317g. (size 9)See the updates to the Hurricane 15 (PDF)
Available colors (Click a color to view)
Support Frame
Molded support locks the heel in place for a secure, stable fit
A unique fit system in the upper that not only locks the midfoot onto the platform, but also keeps the heel secure and comfortable
HydraMAX Collar Lining
A superior lining material that has great moisture-wicking properties as well as a plush hand feel
ComfortLite™ Sockliner
Our exclusive open-cell foam sockliner; it is anti-microbial and breathable while providing excellent cushioning and ride.
HRC+ Strobel Board
An additional 1.5mm of EVA in the strobel board enhances the step-in comfort for an incredibly plush ride
PowerGrid™ (full midsole)
PowerGrid™ fuses Saucony's new, innovative PowerFoam™ material with Grid Technology, providing the runner with superior cushioning and responsiveness on every run
Medial Post
Impact Interface
Cushions and isolates heel impact
SRC Impact Zone
Compound used in the SRC Impact Zone; provides shock attenuation and sets up the foot for a smooth transition
Injection blown rubber compound that is lighter, more responsive and has enhanced cushioning and durability properties
A carbon rubber outsole material that offers exceptional traction properties without sacrificing durability


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HOME San Francisco 49ers Gear San Francisco 49ers Ladies San Francisco 49ers Ladies T-Shirts $20 to $40 (97 items) Product ID: 1159751
Main Content
Even on a chilly day, you're still a 49ers faithful! Let your San Francisco fanaticism keep you warm with this Antigua Celebrity long sleeve thermal shirt! This waffle-knit Henley boasts team-colored contrast stitching and an embroidered team logo at the chest. It's the perfect shirt to keep you cozy and show off your love for the San Francisco 49ers!
- 55% Cotton/45% Polyester
- Quality embroidery
- Side slits at hem
- Drop tail
- Raglan sleeves
- Waffle knit fabric
- Contrast stitching
- Placket with four snap buttons
- Metal brand logo at hem
- Imported
- Officially licensed NFL product
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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What is Milorganite?
My dog ate Milorganite what should I do?
What is my Spreader Setting?
Is it safe?
Can I use Milorganite for my vegetable garden?
Where can I buy Milorganite?
Does Milorganite contain heavy metals?
What does the 5-2-0 on the bag mean?
What is the difference between Organic and "Regular" fertilizers?
Does Milorganite need to be watered in immediately after application?
Can Milorganite be applied in the summer or during drought?
Can Milorganite be applied to my wet lawn?
Is it true that Milorganite will keep deer away?
Can Milorganite be used in combination with other fertilizers (and pesticides)?
Does Milorganite kill weeds?
Does Milorganite contain grass seed?
Can I apply Milorganite on top of mulch?
Can I apply grub control at the same time as Milorganite?
When can Milorganite be applied?
What about Milorganite's phosphorus?
Does Milorganite contain Pharmaceuticals?
Milorganite is derived from heat-dried microbes that have digested the organic material in wastewater. Milorganite is manufactured by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District. The District captures waste water from the metropolitan Milwaukee area, including local industries such as MillerCoors. This water is then treated with microbes to digest nutrients that are found in it. Cleaned water is then returned to Lake Michigan. The resulting microbes are then dried, becoming Milorganite fertilizers. The Milorganite program is one of the world's largest recycling efforts.
Milorganite is not toxic if eaten, and your dog is not facing a "life threatening" crisis that requires medical care or emergency stomach pumping. The manufacturing process of Milorganite destroys pathogens, eating any product off of surfaces containing pathogens (such as soil or turf) may introduce a source of pathogen infection. How much discomfort your dog has will depend on how much Milorganite was consumed. Continue reading...
Some dogs are attracted to the odor of Milorganite, and may lead to their rolling on freshly fertilized surfaces, eating the product off the lawn, or eating directly from open bags. Remember to store Milorganite out of the reach of dogs. After spreading, monitor your dog to determine their interest in the product. To reduce the attraction we recommend watering your lawn after application and keeping your dog off the lawn for 24 hours. Continue reading...
While settings for the most widely used spreaders on the market are printed on the Milorganite bag, it is not possible to test the setting for every available spreader. We have included Spreader Settings for the spreaders which have been tested and step-by-step Spreader Calibration Instructions to determine the proper setting for spreaders that are not listed on the Milorganite bag.
Yes. Children and pets can safely go onto areas that have been fertilized with Milorganite. Milorganite meets the most stringent criteria imposed on any fertilizer product for health, safety and environmental concerns. However, use cautionary measures around open bags of Milorganite and store unused portions away from children and pets.
Yes. Milorganite is an excellent and safe fertilizer for all plants that grow outdoors, including vegetables and other edible crops. Milorganite is practically goof-proof since it won't burn plants - even if it is over applied.
Home users can find Milorganite at most leading lawn and garden centers across the country (it is America's #1 organic nitrogen fertilizer). Our store locator can help find a store near you. Professional users can get Milorganite from our extensive distributor network, often the same supplier for your other soft goods or turf equipment.
Milorganite and all other fertilizers, both organic and synthetic, contain some heavy metals. In fact, plants need some heavy metals, such as copper, molybdenum, and zinc, for healthy growth. To ensure safety, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many states have established limits for metals. Milorganite is sampled daily to evaluate compliance with these limits. Milorganite complies with all federal and local limits, which allows Milorganite to be used with confidence for all of your fertilizing needs, including grass, trees, shrubs, flowers, and vegetables.
The 5-2-0 guarantees that Milorganite contains at least 5% Nitrogen, 2% Phosphorous and 0% Potassium by weight.
Organic nutrients are "stored" in complex organic molecules until soil microorganisms break them down and "release" the nutrients for plant use. Regular synthetic fertilizers are chemical-based and need to be watered in.
No. It is not necessary to water in Milorganite immediately after application. Milorganite will stay on the soil until rain or irrigation activates soil microbes that break it down into nutrients. Watering in Milorganite will ensure that the fertilizer achieves soil contact earlier and speed up the fertilizing process.
Yes. Milorganite does not contain any salts so it will not burn plant leaves during dry or hot periods.
Yes. Milorganite does not contain any salts so it can be used on a wet lawn. Milorganite will not burn your lawn.
Research done at Berry College and other sources suggest Milorganite has efficacy as a deer deterrent. The makers of Milorganite do not register its product as a repellent nor actively market it as such.
Yes. Milorganite can be used as a complete lawn fertility program or with other products as part of your program. When you use Milorganite as part of an overall program, do not over-apply nitrogen fertilizer.
No. Milorganite is strictly a fertilizer. However, a thick, healthy lawn will choke out existing weeds and help prevent weeds from germinating seedlings.
No, however mixing grass seed with Milorganite makes it easier to accurately spread seed, especially small-seeded species like bentgrass and bermudagrass. The standard Milorganite:seed mixing ratio is 4:1 by weight. When mixing seed and Milorganite, decrease the rate of Milorganite applied as straight fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization.
Can I apply Milorganite on top of mulch?
Yes, the Milorganite will work its way down into the soil. If you have time and the bed size is manageable, you may prefer to remove the mulch or rake it back from the plants a few inches, fertilize, and then reapply the mulch. This will immediately place the fertilizer in direct contact with the soil.
Can I apply a grub control at the same time as Milorganite?
If the grub control product contains any fertilizer in it, we do NOT recommend applying an application of Milorganite. You do not want to risk over fertilizing your lawn. If the grub control product DOES NOT contain any fertilizer, you can apply Milorganite.
Milorganite can be applied any time during the growing season and it is suitable for your climate and growing conditions. It can be applied at any time of day.
The slow-moving phosphorus in Milorganite stays in the soil for the plants to use. University tests in the soil of Florida show that Milorganite's phosphorus is available to the plants but does not move into the groundwater.
Milorganite, like manures and other organic fertilizers, contains micro-levels of pharmaceuticals as well as household and personal care products. Milorganite is actively monitored for a host of compounds that the EPA has ruled as being hazardous, to ensure consumer safety. Continue Reading...
Milorganite: Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer for Better Lawns and Gardens, Naturally


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Robert Morris University is rated one of the top military friendly schools and offers bachelor and master level programs in Organizational Leadership at the 171st Air Refueling Wing (171 ARW) Pittsburgh, PA. Programs are offered at a discounted rate and are open to active, reserve and veteran military personnel from the 171 ARW, The 911th Airlift Wing (911 AW) and other surrounding military installations.
If you are interested in attending classes at one of RMU's Off-Campus locations please request more information or call 412-397-6300 or 1-800-216-1347. You may also contact us via email at email@example.com.
Why you should choose RMU's 171st Air Refueling Wing campus:
Robert Morris University is a military-friendly school. Our intent is to provide quality education and assist with bridging the financial gap between your benefits and the cost of education.
© 1995–2014 Robert Morris University. All rights reserved.


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Online versions of the best communications and collaboration tools from Microsoft.
The new Office provides business-class productivity and collaboration for SMB organisations. Enjoy virtually...
Helping you improve the way you drive sales, manage marketing and deliver customer service.
Use familiar programs - such as Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office, Outlook and Skype - from your mobile...
Working never looked so good. Surface lets you connect, collaborate, and create in style.
Built-in server virtualisation technology enabling you to reduce costs, increase hardware utilisation,...
Secure IT, Outstanding Business Performance with Windows Intune.
Windows 8.1 was built with businesses in mind, with Apps at the heart.
The new Office is a cloud subscription that provides virtually anywhere access to your familiar Office...
Whether you run a small business or a large one, Skype allows you and your employees to connect through...
Connect your people, wherever they are.
Integrated e-mail archive and features that reduce costs and improve the user experience.
Make it easier for people to work together.
Visualise, explore and communicate complex information, systems and processes.
Effectively plan, collaborate and deliver with Microsoft Project 2013.
Microsoft Security Essentials provides real-time protection for your home PC that guards against viruses,...
SkyDrive is a free online library where you can store thousands of files.
Discover one of the most cost-effective ways to reach new customers.
An entirely new browser, powered for touch, great for businesses.
Increase productivity, manage organisational growth and financial compliance, and reduce IT costs.
Give your business the flexibility to adapt to new opportunities and growth.
Better insight and business intelligence throughout your organisation.
Providing organisations with a more reliable, secure, compatible, and easy to manage web environment.
The cloud-based development, service hosting and service management environment for the Windows Azure...


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- 1 Tucson man arrested in deadly crash
- 2 Artist Nancy Tokar Miller dies
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- 4 Closure of local door company leaves customers in lurch
- 5 Arizona Senate OKs killing of endangered wolves
- 6 ACLU demands halt to alleged harassment of checkpoint monitors in Arivaca
- 7 Tucson judge issues cease and desist order in Phillips case
- 8 Hansen: Paths diverge for Gordon and Johnson, but destination should be the same
- 9 UA basketball: Ristic adds depth, versatility to Cats' recruiting class, Miller says
- 10 You can enjoy the Pima County Fair on a budget
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Hamleys only accepts products for sale that comply with current European legislation, directives and standards that conform to company quality standards.
What should you look for when buying toys?
FSC CERTIFIED WOOD (Our Hamleys FSC retailer ID code is FSC-GBR-1095).
How do I keep my play environment safe?
Age Ratings - never mix toys meant for children of different ages. It can be dangerous for younger children to get hold of toys that are too old for them.
The Toy Box - have a regular clear out of your toy box to check loose fur, ripped seams, sharp or rough edges, loose eyes, noses and broken parts that may cause choking. If you find broken or damaged toys, throw them away. Please don't pass them on - you may be handing on an accident to another parent's child.
Tidy up! - it may sound obvious, but toys left on the floor or the stairs can cause accidents for the entire family.
Cot toys – take string toys out of the cot when your baby is about five months old. Remove activity centres as soon as your baby can pull to stand.
Noisy toys – never allow children to hold noisy toys close to their ears or any other children's ears - it can damage hearing.
Battery toys – always change all batteries at once. New batteries can cause old batteries to get dangerously hot.
Garden toys – fix garden toys over grass or soil, never concrete. Make sure there is plenty of room to walk around a swing to avoid being hit by the swing seat. Empty paddling pools after use and store them deflated or upside down.
For more information, please visit: www.btha.co.uk
Toy recalls
If you are worried that you have any of the recalled toys in your home, first remove them from the toy box, then please click on the links below. They will take you to the toy companies' websites where you will find all the information you need:
Trading Standards recall website www.tradingstandards.gov.uk/cgi-bin/newslist.cgi?area=safe
European Rapid Alert System website listing all EU product recalls, you can search by calendar period or brand name. ec.europa.eu/consumers/dyna/rapex/rapex_archives_en.cfm
|For Character Options please visit:
|For RC2 please visit:
|For Mattel please visit:
|For Fisher Price please visit
Recycle-more web site is for customers to search for waste recycling & collection sites, for which Hamleys is a sponsor. For more information, please visit:: www.recycle-more.co.uk
Toy Safety Enquiries
For your toy safety enquiries please email us with any questions.
If you require further details please our Customer Service team on 0844 855 2424 between 24hrs 7 days a week.
By Post: Hamleys Direct, 6th Floor, 2 Fouberts Place, London, United Kingdom, W1F 7PA.


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MOUNT PLEASANT, Mich. — Sophomore Matt Trowbridge has been named to the Academic All-Mid-American Conference team, the league office announced Friday afternoon.
Trowbridge was one of 18 student-athletes named to the squad after posting a 3.97 grade point average as an accounting major.
The left-handed closer finished his second campaign with the Maroon and Gold by posting a 1-3 record and 2.91 earned run average, striking out 53 batters in 34.0 innings. Trowbridge saved nine games during his sophomore season, marking the second most in program history.
The Academic All-MAC honor is for a student-athlete who has excelled in athletics and academics. To qualify, a student-athlete must have at least a 3.20 cumulative GPA and have participated in at least 50 percent of the contests for that particular sport.
2013 Academic All-MAC Team
Cody Campbell, Ball State, Pre-Med, 3.93 GPA
T.J. Losby, Bowling Green, Accounting, 3.285 GPA
River McWilliams, Buffalo, Business Management, 3.222 GPA
Matt Trowbridge, Central Michigan, Accounting, 3.97 GPA
Lee Longo, Eastern Michigan, Communications, 3.35 GPA
Sam Ott, Eastern Michigan, Business, 3.52 GPA
Adam Sonabend, Eastern Michigan, Business, 3.52 GPA
Evan Campbell, Kent State, Business Management, 3.24 GPA
Brian Clark, Kent State, Exercise Science, 3.84 GPA
Sawyer Polen, Kent State, Exercise Science, 3.44 GPA
George Roberts, Kent State, Physical Education, 3.21 GPA
Eli Anderson, Northern Illinois, Psychology, 3.20 GPA
Matt Delewski, Toledo, Exercise Science, 3.41 GPA
Tyler Grogg, Toledo, Electrical Engineering Technology, 3.38 GPA
Ben Hammer, Toledo, Exercise Science, 3.90 GPA
Andrew Marra, Toledo, Pre-Medical Studies, 4.00 GPA
James Miglin, Toledo, Exercise Science, 3.89 GPA
Andrew Sohn, Western Michigan, Pre-Business, 3.32 GPA


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Featured Stories
2014 Camaro Z/28 Test Drive
Lessons Learned from Losing an MPG Contest
How 7 Sci-Fi Movie Sounds Were Made
When Virtual Reality Goes Beyond Gaming
10 of the Maddest Scientists Who Ever Lived
The Search for Aliens Is Just Getting Started
Your Guide to Buying a Walk Lawnmower
The Problem With All That Craft Beer We're Drinking
Hauling Your Bike, Ski, or Kayak
A Brief History of Firefighting
Daniel Shea
Enter for the Chance to Win a Trip to NYC!
©2014 Hearst Communication, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Being Green /Why did I get this ad?


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Landscapers create and maintain attractive, functional, and healthy residential and commercial outdoor environments by planting, pruning, fertilizing, and watering trees, flowers, and shrubbery. They also attend to water drainage issues and manage outdoor pests, including weeds and insects. Landscapers also install and attend to indoor plant environments in malls, hotels, and other commercial and public facilities. They may be employed to build hardscapes, including walkways, patios, and decks, and install and integrate lighting and sprinkler systems. They are employed by college and university campuses, corporations, municipalities, amusement parks, golf courses, country clubs, and private homeowners. Some landscapers operate their own landscaping businesses.
Several training schools and community colleges offer certificate and career diploma programs in landscape management. Coursework will typically include planning a landscape or garden design, horticulture basics, turf grass management, plant diseases, weed and pest management, trimming and pruning techniques, soil technology, and water management and drainage. Additional on-the-job training for landscapers may include how to operate mowers, trimmers, leaf blowers, small tractors, and other mechanical equipment. Many schools also offer advanced degrees in landscape design, landscape architecture, horticulture, and arboriculture.
Most states require that landscapers who apply pesticides be licensed. Voluntary certification in landscape management can lead to career opportunities and advancement.


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You can also read manga online try the Chou yo Hana yo manga!
You're reading Chou yo Hana yo 18 online. You can try some of the related manga below or try some other manga from our manga list.
Users who read Chou yo Hana yo also read Hapi Mari, Usotsuki Marriage, Ike Ike! Sakura, Oboretai, Happy Trouble Wedding and Sheet no Sukima.


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2010/12/18 Memories Tour NYC Night 2: Pinkerton Roseland Ballroom
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Welcome to The BRIDGE, the social and information hub of the dental lab industry. Connect with industry peers and vendors, ask questions, sign up for events, review products, read LMT articles and industry news and more!
Find Everything Multilink Automix on The BRIDGE!
The BRIDGE is an online network from LMT dedicated exclusively for members of the Dental Laboratory community. Join free to learn more about Multilink Automix and other products.


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Order Line 0330 123 4123
Order Line 0330 123 4123
Product Code: 120003
A traditional, slow grown decorative moulding which is ideal as a finishing touch to any room. Provides an excellent surface for painting, staining or varnishing
£2.48 per M
Available to order online.
7 day delivery.
A traditional, slow grown decorative moulding which is ideal as a finishing touch to any room. Provides an excellent surface for painting, staining or varnishing
Our 'Big & Bulky 7-day' products have a delivery lead time of 7 working days. Big & Bulky deliveries are scheduled to be delivered between 7am and 8pm.
Wickes delivers 'Big & Bulky' products to mainland UK (Great Britain) addresses, we are unable to deliver to Northern Ireland or remote and offshore locations including the Isle of Wight.
If you have ordered a combination of 'Big & Bulky' products and non 'Big & Bulky' products with different lead times they will usually be delivered together, but where products are being sent from one of our partner suppliers this will not be possible.
This delivery information applies to 'Big & Bulky' products ordered online or by telephone. Go to our Delivery Information page for full delivery details of all our products and delivery methods.
(including 'Big & Bulky' 7-day delivery lead time products)
Up to £300
Next Day Delivery: £25
Saturday Delivery: £30
£300 and over
Next Day Delivery: FREE
Saturday Delivery: £5
Important: Delivery will be on the Saturday following the end of the delivery lead time
If you want to return your Wickes product for an exchange or refund, you can do so at any time up to 30 days after receiving it.
In the unlikely event that a delivered product (including made-to-measure items) is faulty or damaged, we will exchange it or provide you with a full refund (including delivery charges), as long as we are notified of the product's fault within 30 days of it being delivered to you.
You can arrange for the product to be collected, by ourselves or nominated carrier, or return the product to your local Wickes store, with proof of purchase.
You can return Wickes products you do not require for a refund.
If you cancel your order within 7 days following the date of delivery, we will give you a full refund including delivery charges.
If you advise us of your proposed return within 30 days (but more than 7 days) following the date of delivery we will give you a full refund excluding delivery charges.
Made-to-measure products may NOT be returned unless they are deemed to be faulty or have been damaged in transit.


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Study where, when and how you want to achieve your ambition.
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Discussion about math, puzzles, games and fun. Useful symbols: ÷ × ½ √ ∞ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≈ ⇒ ± ∈ Δ θ ∴ ∑ ∫ π -¹ ² ³ °
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I wrote a code generator a while back in Delphi.
Hi Leornardo da vinci;
you guys try to decipher this code by using the keyword ER this isnt a hard cryptic code here it is : JZFXAJUJSAZQZJZFXAJUJSAZQZPABOMIYBWMHVHTFHPWNJQWPLZAMEBBVLFAZHKAWTHQUAMEBWYAPVRMF
This all depends on the amount of "waffle". The way I would do it normally would be to take the first, 27th, 53rd etc and do a frequential analysis of those to determine the substitution for those, then repeat that for the 2nd, 28th, 54th and so on. However, the "waffle" would throw this analysis off; a little would probably still work because it would only affect the proportions marginally. However lots would seriously mess up the proportions (though it would still be breakable- just harder to get frequency analysis right. The most common would still correspond to "e", but then there's the trouble of working out what's waffle).
codes make my head hurt.........but theyre good for me.
I am not familiar with the terms, especially key. Hidden within the code is instructions on where to start, which direction to go, and details of the gaps between encrypted letters. Only the recipient knows which of the 900 letters in the code give these instructions. For example, a particular letter in the coded text would tell you which ROW to start in, so A=1, B=2 etc etc. Where to start in the row is more cunningly coded. The gaps between encoded letters are also defined in particular cells of the matrix.
thanks for visiting. sorry my site isnt fully compatible with your computer
Hi calccrypto;
No need, you did nothing wrong. Just stating the fact why no progress can be made with his algorithm.
sorry for the repeat
Show the algorithm but not the key. if it can be reconstructed without the key, it is breakable. i doubt that i can do it, but a really good cryptanalyst can probably do it
So does anybody dispute that this method of encryption is uncrackable?
So you could not crack it, well here is the hidden message, c an you find where the message is in the text I have given you.
another clue, the message is in plain english, no l8trs, m8t


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Updated: 10-year-old student arrested for possession of a toy gun
February 05, 2013
Iconic Old Town Theater to shut its doors for good
January 04, 2012
Emphasis on bike lanes threatens quality of living in Alexandria
February 06, 2014
Port City readies for anniversary of British occupation
April 18, 2014
Putting license plate readers to the constitutional test
April 18, 2014
Braddock Road Metro station selected for overhaul
April 17, 2014
OpEd Cartoon
April 17, 2014
Out of the Attc: The road to Alexandria's commercial success
April 17, 2014
Del Ray is not a police state
If the shoe was on the other foot, and the police were indifferent or
Potomac Riverboat Co. christens new water taxi route
$28? That's a bit pricey. Either they're trying to gouge tourists goin
Emphasis on bicycling will come at a cost to pedestrians
When considering pedestrians, bicycle, and vehicle safety and ease of
Emphasis on bicycling will come at a cost to pedestrians
It's not just opinion that bicyclists treat pedestrians as lifeless ob
ACLU campaign against police license plate readers rolls on
I don't understand the difference between officers manually writing do
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The specialty of industrial organizational psychology, also known as I/O psychology, is concerned with the study of humans in the workplace. I/O psychology students and professionals seek to understand the behavior of individuals and groups within organizations by examining the processes, practices, characteristics, and contextual influences that trigger problems at work.
Psychology majors who chose the industrial organizational psychology concentration will take a variety of specialized psychology and management courses in addition to their general education and core requirements. This interdisciplinary approach to I/O psychology provides a comprehensive look at organizational behavior and how it contributes to employee productivity and well-being. Through diverse course work and independent research, students learn how to apply psychological principles to real-world settings and develop effective solutions for various workplace issues.
Like most psychology majors, graduates of the I/O psychology program will acquire a broad understanding of the human mind and behavior, and become familiar with the different research methods used to study and solve psychological problems. However, it's their specialized knowledge and training in organizational behavior that sets I/O psychology graduates apart from the rest.
Completion of the bachelor's degree will prepare students for entry-level careers in human resources and occupational training and development. Graduates will also be well-positioned to pursue graduate study in I/O psychology, organizational leadership, human resource management, counseling, or organizational behavior.


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Newspaper Jobs Network is collecting jobs / vacancies appearing in different English News Papers of GULF (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar ) & Pakistan. Dawn Newspaper Ads,Jang Newspaper Ads, Express Newspaper Ads, The News Newspaper, NawaiWaqt Newspaper Jobs, Kawish Newspaper Jobs, Jobs in Pakistan, Jobs in Karachi, Jobs in lahore, Jobs in Islamabad, Jobs in RawalPindi, Jobs in Sialkot, Jobs in Peshawar, Jobs in Quetta, Jobs in Hyderabad, Jobs in Multan, Jobs in Faisalabad, Jobs in Sargodha Jobs in Sindh, Jobs in Punjab, Jobs in NWFP, Jobs in Balochistan, Jobs in Azd Kashmir AJK, Jobs in Gilgit Baltistan, Goverment Jobs, IT Jobs, Banking Jobs Engineering Jobs, Female Jobs, Part Time Jobs, Pak vacancy, Jobz pk, Career Pakistan Blog, Scanned Newspaper Ads, Vacancies in Pakistan, Jobs Forum Pakistan, Clasified Ads in Pakistan, Prices in Pakistan.
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