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- Date added: 02-11-2011
- Duration: 05:00
- Views: 11,328
- Submitted by: Bang My Step Mom

subset: commoncrawl


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Veterinarians and animal behaviorist recommend Scat Mat as a painless and quick way to correct bad habits and condition your pet to stay off of furniture, counter tops, or any location.
The flexible vinyl mat conforms to virtually any surface and emits a low power static pulse when the animal contacts it.
Visitation counter lets you know how many times the mat has been activated in your absence. Once your pet learns to avoid the prohibited area, mat can be taken away or moved to another location.
Low, medium and high settings for pet customization.
Operates with one 9 volt battery (not included).
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United States >
All 3M Products >
Market Segments >
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Contact Fire Protection Products
© 3M 2014. All Rights Reserved.


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Get ready for game day in South Bend in true Fighting Irish fashion by sporting an NCAA® replica jersey. Whether you go crazy for touchdown passes or slam dunks, DICK'S Sporting Goods offers an array of football and basketball jerseys for every gender and age range, from brands such as adidas®, Nike® and Under Armour®.
DICK'S Sporting Goods' collection of Notre Dame replica jerseys makes it easy to honor your favorite player with eye-catching numbers and team graphics on the front and back. Constructed from premium fabrics, such as polyester, each Fighting Irish jersey provides optimal breathability and comfort during those jaw-dropping plays and long hours of cheering at Notre Dame Stadium and Joyce Center. Quality design and team-specific details featured on every jersey make you feel like you're a part of the team when you gear up for the next big game.
As a die-hard fan of the Navy and Gold, the player number and jersey color you choose should be considered when buying an NCAA® replica jersey from DICK'S Sporting Goods. Whether you want to look like your favorite current player on the field or court, or one from Notre Dame's successful past seasons, the number you pick will pay tribute to the Fighting Irish tradition for years to come.
Complete your game-day look by topping your jersey off with a bold Notre Dame hat. On colder days, adding a long sleeve shirt underneath your jersey, or slipping on a warm Fighting Irish pullover or jacket, protects you from the elements while allowing you to continually display your unstoppable team pride.


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Logitech Microsoft Kernel Acoustic Echo Canceller Free Driver Download
Sound Card, MEDIA
See details of driver package which includes support for this device.
Device Name
Microsoft Kernel Acoustic Echo Canceller
5.1.2535.0 (1 Jul 2001)
Supported Operating Systems
Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Windows 98, Windows 98SE, Windows ME, Windows Vista
Uploader Notes
I have been seeing a lot of complaints about logitech not having a driver for thier premium usb headsets, I used this on my hp laptop for my "Logitech Premium USB headset". I compiled this for those people. Hope it helps. Might work for some other headsets also as thier are other listed in the install information. This is the windows usb wdma audio driver for usb audio. Just unzip it using winrar and when windows ask for the driver tell it you want to have it search in a specific location and browse to the folder you just unzipped
(Make sure you remember where you unzipped the folder too)
Uploaded By
Jason M. Hale (DG Member) on 8/1/2008
Driver Package
Logitech_Premium_Headset_USB_Drive... 600.rar (835.4 KB)
Hardware Ids Supported
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Lace Peplum Blazer: This jacket combines two red-hot trends–lace and a pretty, peplum hem! Pair it with a cami or top and wear it with jeans for a super-stylish casual look. The blazer has just as much flair worn as the ultimate layer over your careerwear.
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Clip-On Convenience
Clip-on Motorola mobile phone cases can be attached to a belt or a hem: they're made to keep your smartphone handy at all times. You'll find the style convenient and comfortable, whether you're at a job site or at the office.
Snap-On Shell Safety
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This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


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Description:HP NC112T PCI-E Gigabit Server Adapter Option Part# 503746-B21 Spare Part# 503827-001
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CategoryProliant Option
Sub-CategoryProliant Network Adapter
GenerationPCI-E 1 Gbps
Part Number503746-B21
Products ID455576
Device TypeNetwork Adapter
Device TypePCI Express x1 low profile
Data Transfer Rate1 GBps
[ Manufacturers Specs ]


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Blue Skies Means Butter-flies!
This solar powered butterfly flutters and flies like a real butterfly! Complete with a sturdy garden stake with solar panels, this beautiful life-size butterfly will automatically start fluttering all around shrubbery in sunlight. >
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1 oz University of Michigan Silver Round .999 Fine
We provide all our customers with a refund, return and/or exchange policy on everything we sell including all bullion and certified coins. If for any reason you have a problem, please feel free to call our offices. We will always do our best to accommodate you.
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|Ask: $19.66
Volume Pricing
Quantity Notification
Product Description
Go Wolverines!
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APMEX stands behind every coin it sells with a satisfaction guarantee.
Product Specifications
|Product ID:
|39 mm
|2.9 mm


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Updated Wednesday, October 13th, 2010
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Yield: about 5 dozen cookies
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text:
This quote is about ambition
Search on Google Books to find citations of this quotation.
George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788April 19, 1824) was an Anglo-Scottish poet and leading figure in Romanticism. Among his best-known works are the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. The latter remained incomplete on his death.
I'm female, say nothing
I'm female, say nothing


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|When referring to the Big 12 Conference, please remember the conference name (which is a registered trademark) should be listed as follows:
Big 12
The following should NOT be used in text when referencing the Big 12:
TCU and West Virginia joined the league on July 1, 2012 and became the Big 12's first additions since inception, joining Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, Texas and Texas Tech.
With 10 members, the Big 12 remains as the only major conference in the nation to determine its champions in all sports directly on the field of play with a full round-robin schedule.
The Conference's hard work ethic and strong values have translated to enormous success in its first 17 years. Since it began competition in 1996-97, the league can boast of 52 NCAA team titles and 537 individual national championships.
The trophy case added more hardware in 2012-13 as Texas won the NCAA Championship in women's volleyball and the Oklahoma State men's cross country team captured its third national title in the last four seasons. Oklahoma State won the Western crown in equestrian while Oklahoma became one of just five programs to capture multiple national championships in softball. The year ended with Kansas hoisting its first NCAA trophy in women's outdoor track and field. Additionally, the Big 12 picked up 20 individual national titles.
Several other sports also made strong national showings a year ago. Big 12 football sent a national-record 90 percent of its teams to bowl games. Women's basketball claimed the top position in conference RPI for the sixth consecutive season and was the only league to place 80 percent of its teams in postseason play and 70 percent in the NCAA Championship. Baylor won the Big 12's first men's basketball NIT title. Kansas indoor track & field, Oklahoma women's gymnastics and Oklahoma State wrestling finished as runner-up in their respective national championships. Additionally, Texas joined Oklahoma in the Softball College World Series while K-State and Oklahoma competed in baseball Super Regionals.
Individually, Baylor center Brittney Griner earned consensus women's basketball national player of the year for the second season. Oklahoma State's Marcus Smart was named National Freshman of the Year by two different outlets, while Jeff Withey of Kansas was selected the National Association of Basketball Coaches Defensive Player of the Year. Texas volleyball head coach Jerritt Elliott received American Volleyball Coaches Association Coach of the Year honors.
Oklahoma pitcher Keilani Ricketts repeated as the USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year, giving the Big 12 two of the three all-time multiple winners as former Texas player Cat Osterman earned the award three times. Ricketts also claimed the Honda Award for softball for the second consecutive season and the Honda Cup, given to the nation's top female collegiate athlete by the Collegiate Women's Sports Awards. Kansas track & field head coach Stanley Redwine and assistant coach Wayne Pate each earned national accolades as the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA) awarded the two with outdoor coach of the year honors.
The Big 12 lays claim to five Heisman Trophy winners since 1996 and has had a finalist in 12 of its 17 seasons – the most of any league. Seventeen athletes have earned major individual awards in football in the past five campaigns. Overall, more than 1,400 student-athletes have earned All-America recognition in the past five years alone.
Through its first 17 years, the Big 12 has claimed a team national championship in 16 of the sports it sponsors. The Conference ranks second with seven appearances in the BCS National Championship Game and is second with 96 football consensus All-America selections in that time. League squads combined to lead the nation in women's basketball attendance 13 consecutive years and the Big 12 is the only conference to surpass the one-million mark in season attendance – doing so six times. In men's basketball, the league is the only conference in the nation where every coach has guided a team to the NCAA Tournament, including six coaches that have led teams to the Final Four. During the last nine years a total of 31 NCAA trophies have been hoisted by Big 12 institutions, with at least one national crown won in all but one year for the Conference, including 16 consecutive seasons.
The Big 12 and its member institutions are committed to a competitive environment where sportsmanship and fair play take center stage. Whether on the field, in the classroom, or within the community, the student-athletes, administrators, coaches and game officials of the Big 12 support the highest ideals in sportsmanship.
National academic accolades have always been strong in the Big 12. Danielle Robinson (Oklahoma) and Sam Acho (Texas) were selected to receive Today's Top VIII Awards – one of the NCAA's top honors. It recognizes student-athletes who completed their athletic eligibility during 2010-11 for success on the fields and courts, in the classroom and in the community. In the last two seasons, three student-athletes were recipients of the NCAA Elite 89 Award. That honor showcases individuals who have reached the pinnacle of competition at the national championship level, while also achieving the highest academic standard among their peers.
In its short history, the Big 12 has had 537 Academic All-America recipients, averaging more than 30 each season. Big 12 student-athletes have shown commitment to their studies by earning numerous individual academic recognitions. Nine times in the past eight years a league athlete has garnered the top academic honor for their respective sport. The Big 12 had plenty of success overall in the classroom the last four years, as the Conference boasted 80 student-athletes earning Capital One/CoSIDA Academic All-America recognition through the fall of 2012.
The Big 12 can take pride in other stories that combine on and off the field success. Patience Knight (Texas Tech) was the recipient of the Honda Inspiration Award in 2008, given to an outstanding female college athlete who overcomes adversity to excel in her sport. She was diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in 2007, but rebounded to win All-America honors at the NCAA Indoor Track & Field Championships. Oklahoma State women's basketball was the inaugural recipient of the "Together We R" Team Award in 2012, recognizing programs that have strived to succeed in the face of adversity. Following a devastating tornado south of Oklahoma City just before the Big 12 Baseball Championship in 2013, several league baseball teams along with other student-athletes, coaches and former Conference players contributed help in a variety of ways. Plus, the Conference contributed $200,000 to the relief efforts.
Competitive excellence, scholarship and sportsmanship are all equal components of the Big 12 philosophy. All-Big 12 teams and Academic All-Big 12 squads are recognized for each sport at the end of their respective seasons. At the end of each academic year, the Conference honors its top male and female student-athletes with the Big 12 Athlete of the Year and Big 12 Sportsperson of the Year awards.
Institutions can also nominate student-athletes for the prestigious Dr. Prentice Gautt Postgraduate Scholarships. A total of 313 scholars have received near $2.2 million in postgraduate financial aid through the first 17 years of the program.
The Big 12 sponsors 23 sports. Men's squads include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor track & field, outdoor track & field, swimming & diving, tennis and wrestling. Women's teams are fielded in basketball, cross country, equestrian, golf, gymnastics, indoor track & field, outdoor track & field, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball.
Big 12 institutions create a league that encompasses five states and nearly 37 million people. More than 4,200 student-athletes from across the United States and around the World compete annually in the sports sponsored by the Conference.
The Conference conducts postseason championships for 20 of its 23 sports. Each championship helps to determine teams and/or individuals that will represent the Conference in national postseason competition. The winner of the Big 12 football regular season championship earns the league's berth into the Bowl Championship Series.
In its first 17 years, the Conference has distributed more than $1.8 billion to its member institutions. The conference office is headquartered in Irving, Texas.
(All statistics from Fall 1996 through December 2013)
|February 25, 1994
|Five states with combined populations of more than 37 million people.
|Television Markets:
|15 of the Top 100 nationally
|Commissioner's Honor Roll Students:
|72,000 plus named in 34 semesters
|Academic All-Big 12 Team Members:
|Student-Athletes with a 4.0 grade-point average on Academic All-Big 12 Teams:
|Dr. Prentice Gautt Scholarships:
|313 with $2.2 million in financial aid
|Team National Championships:
|Individual National Championships:
|All-America First Team Selections:
|Academic All-America Selections:
|Big 12 Postseason Championship Attendance:
|More than 5.3 million


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Bethel Park teacher a finalist for Teacher of the Year
Nicola Hipkins
The first reaction Nicola Hipkins said she felt upon learning she is one of 11 teachers across Pennsylvania to be selected as a finalist for Pennsylvania's 2014 Teacher of the Year was "shock."
"I'm very overwhelmed by the attention, but it is shocking. I'm a little bit uncomfortable about the attention," Hipkins said.
She has worked in the Bethel Park School District for the past 15 years, where she teaches English 10, Film as Literature and SAT Preparation.
Finalists were nominated by students, parents, colleagues or members of the community who want to recognize teachers' accomplishments in and out of the classroom.
"I believe it was my principal," she said of who nominated her. "He asked me and I said I would, and so I'm assuming it was him."
Her students learned of the nomination May 3, when she told them about a class she was to record and teach in which the students were to participate.
To reach the final 11, Hipkins wrote six essays. Now that she is a finalist, she must film a class and complete interviews on DVD, along with some speeches.
The graduate of West Allegheny High School and Indiana University of Pennsylvania, said her family was excited about her selection as a finalist. When asked specifically if her mother was pleased, Hipkins said, "She is happy. She's on cloud nine. I'm the first one in my family to go to college."
Hipkins did her student teaching at Fox Chapel High School, followed by a long-term substitution stint at Fox Chapel and another in the Canon-McMillan School District. When a position came open in the Bethel Park district, she was hired and has been there ever since.
As for the Film in Literature class, Hipkins explained she teaches the language of film, like different shots, angles and framing. Students study film clips, not full-length movies.
If Hipkins is selected as the 2014 Pennsylvania Teacher of the Year, she will be expected to carry out the duties of the state teacher of the year, which were not specified, and will compete as the state's nominee for National Teacher of the Year.
No date was given for when the winner is selected, and Hipkins said she was not certain of the date.
"I congratulate these outstanding educators for being selected as finalists to compete for this award," said Gov. Tom Corbett. "These individuals represent the thousands of excellent educators in classrooms across the state who are dedicated to educating children."
Two other finalists in the area are Carol Aten Frow, from the Belle Vernon Area School District, and Jen Klobucar, of the Yough School District, both in Westmoreland County.
"These individuals and their colleagues are committed to encouraging their students to excel," said state Secretary of Education Ron Tomalis. "Each and every day across Pennsylvania, teachers play a pivotal role in preparing our children for academic and personal success. They are to be applauded for their hard work and dedication."
Hipkins, her husband Dan, and children, Abigail, 11, and Anthony, 8, live in North Strabane Township.
Bethel Park teacher a finalist for Teacher of the Year
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text:
Last night at Long Beach, California's Red Room, all of Kevin's teammates on Blind, KR3W, and Supra surprised him with his rookie pro boards. The place got packed early with eager homies taking advantage of the open bar and scoring the one-off shirts and coozies Blind and KR3W made. Four pro models for Kevin were up on the wall and his Supra Pro x Am collab he did with Terry Kennedy were on display as well. Chad Muska came in early and set up his turntables and was the DJ for the night! Finally, Kevin came in and the place went apeshit! I've never heard or seen a bar go completely mental for over 20 minutes non-stop like it did last night. Kevin was genuinely surprised—he had no idea this was going down.
Photos by Blair Alley
This morning on his Facebook page, he posted this:
Couldn't have happened to a better guy. Congrats, Kevin!
TAGS: Bill Weiss, blind, Boosh, Chad Muska, Derrick Wilson, James Craig, Kevin Romar, kr3w, Ronnie Creager, Scott Kane, Sean Sheffey, stevie williams, supra


text:
Cargos are like pickups, they carry what you need and keep it all within reach. Lightweight yet durable, the 5.2-oz 100% organic cotton canvas of our All-Wear Cargo Shorts softens under daily abuse and even more so if you occasionally wash them. These shorts have a classic flat front and zip fly with button closure, two generous wide-entry drop-in pockets, two billowed side cargo pockets for your essentials and two rear-flap pockets with button closures. Basically, they'll hold everything you need. Inseam is 11".
- Made of a lightweight and durable washed organic cotton fabric
- Shorts with flat front styling; belt loops; zip fly with button closure
- Pockets: two-front wide-entry; two-rear with flaps; two billowed cargo with flaps and button closures
- 11" inseam
- 5.2-oz 100% organic cotton canvas
- 447 g (15.8 oz)
- Made in Sri Lanka.
Organic cotton is produced using techniques that are healthy and safe for the environment and the people who work and live near the fields where it's grown. Organic cotton is never grown with synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides or defoliants, nor is it genetically modified in any way. Read more


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Tortilis Camp, Kenya
Tortilis Camp is widely regarded as the prime location for witnessing the majesty of Africa's largest mountain, Kilimanjaro.
Situated in the Amboseli basin, the raised camp offers unrivaled views over the Kenyan plains, aptly named after the flat-topped tree Acacia Tortilis.
Renowned for its diversity of wildlife including elephants, lions, hyena and cheetah, Tortilis Camp is host to a multitude of avian species, and boasts a plethora of bird nests which hang gracefully above the tents for a spectacular dawn chorus.
Winner of the prestigious eco-tourism award, Tortilis is a pioneer for low impact, high comfort tourism. Accompanied by experienced Masai guides, safari guests have exclusive access to a 30,000 acre conservancy and have the opportunity to walk the plains, enjoy a bush breakfast and witness the world renowned Kenyan sundowner.
If you would like to experience the unique atmosphere and incredible setting of Tortilis Camp, get in touch with us today to discuss the requirements for your bespoke safari.
Why Book your Safari With Us?
We have over 25 years experience operating luxury safaris in Kenya. Our intimate safari camps and lodges, away from busy tourist hotspots, are world renowned, and our open-side game drive vehicles with inbuilt camera chargers are the very best that Kenya has to offer. We work closely with local tribes, communities and guides; our focus is to conserve and preserve the beautiful culture and wildlife of Kenya, whilst providing a breathtaking experience for our guests.
About the Camp
- Little Tortilis – Private House and Family Tent sharing a private swimming pool
- 16 tents, en suite with magnificent views
- Swimming pool & bar, spa/massage, shop
- Silver level eco-rating, and winner of the British Airways Tourism for Tomorrow Award
- Amboseli National Park 97,000 acres unique protected habitat, plus 30,000 acre private wilderness conservancy
- Breathtaking views of snow capped Mt Kilimanjaro, the highest freestanding mountain in the world at 19,300ft
- Large elephant herds and excellent birding
- Resident, experienced Silver and Bronze KPGSA certified guides


text: The Numbers Guy examines numbers in the news, business and politics. Some numbers are flat-out wrong or biased, while others are valid and help us make informed decisions. Carl Bialik tells the stories behind the stats, in occasional updates on this blog and in his column published every Saturday in The Wall Street Journal. Carl, who holds a degree in mathematics and physics from Yale University, also writes daily about sports numbers on WSJ.com. He welcomes your comments at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Changing the Face of Librarianship
07/07/2012 § 19 Comments
Editor Note: This is a guest post by Jarrett Drake.
"The Incunabula. I'd like to see them," said a patron in a muffled tone. "Can you repeat that?" I responded unassumingly. "The Incunabula, the Incunabula!" she exclaimed, her voice rising with each repetition. After a brief hesitation of speech that left my mouth quite unable to repeat her enunciations, the patron interjects, "You're not familiar with the Incunabula? Are you a librarian?"
And that's where I'll stop. For the record, I'm not a librarian (yet). But if there's one takeaway from my attendance at the 2012 Spectrum Leadership Institute and the 2012 ALA Annual Conference in Anaheim, it's that the future of libraries—and indeed, librarianship—is a changing face. As emerging professionals, we library and information students mustn't simply notice that change, but champion it.
For those unfamiliar with Spectrum, it's a scholarship program that former ALA President Dr. Betty J. Turock initiated in 1998. In its nearly fifteen years of existence, Spectrum has supported close to 800 graduate students from underrepresented populations in their pursuit of master's and doctoral degrees in the field of library and information science. The Spectrum Leadership Institute, held yearly to coincide with the ALA annual conference, brings its scholarship recipients together for a multi-day, engaging series of workshops, presentations, and panels.
This year's institute, for example, welcomed library professionals who dedicate their lives to delivering access of telecommunications technology to historically disenfranchised neighborhoods. In fact, throughout the course of the past year with the assistance of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Spectrum has offered a series of online webinars titled "Technology Transforms Communities." This series of webinars provided valuable information on how library technology can enhance service to traditionally underserved ethnic communities. The Institute was an excellent venue to bring all the knowledge facilitated through the webinar series into one room.
So is the purpose of this post to praise Spectrum and excuse my ignorance? Yes and no, respectively. Yes, because Spectrum is preparing librarians and information professionals to be stewards of change and growth in communities across the country. And no, because I actually come to the field of information science to further my love of learning, not pretend that it is replete.
But the larger purpose, though, can be summarized in the following tweet courtesy of Kate Theimer of the popular blog ArchivesNext:
"If you love books/old stuff, collect them. If you love helping people have access to information, become a librarian/archivist."
Fewer and fewer LIS students will know what incunabula are. And that's ok. Although the traditional formats of information are dying, the pulse of librarianship has never been more vibrant. The mediums through which people access knowledge are transforming, and it's time our sensibilities and expectations transform with them. Our profession's new demands require librarians who can write regular expressions, tweak stylesheets, and manage databases. Equally applying these toolkits in service to those of diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds is a responsibility that past and current Spectrum scholars eagerly assume and should permeate the field.
There is no sine qua non subject matter that a librarian must possess; rather, the only sine qua non for today's (and especially tomorrow's) librarian is a willingness to assist people find and use information. In this way, libraries are not just book collectors; they're life changers. And that's truly changing the face of librarianship.
Do you agree with the patron's claim that all librarians should be familiar with Incunabula? What skills do you think will be most useful for librarians of the future? Add your thoughts to the conversation!
Jarrett M. Drake is a second-year master's degree candidate student at the University of Michigan School of Information where he specializes in Archives & Records Management. He currently works as University Library Associate for the U-M Special Collections Library and as a processing assistant for the Bentley Historical Library. You can find him on Twitter @JarrettMDrake.
§ 19 Responses to Changing the Face of Librarianship
Sorry, this got long!!! Your posting bio indicates you work in the special collections library at a big academic research library. According to the that library website, you guys have 450 incunabula! So actually, yes, I would expect a librarian in *that specific context* to know what incunabula are. Because it's a great thing your library has (that most libraries don't), and something that people in your user community care about.
Connecting community and resources is what we do, whatever the combination of those two happen to be at any given workplace, and whatever the "toolkit" is that best supports that connection. Sometimes it's technology, sometimes it's story, sometimes it's enabling user content creation or a combination of those. Your community right now? Just happens to include academics who want to study 500+ year old kind-of-printed books. (Anyway, if you get a chance you should go check out the incunabula – they're amazing objects and most of us never get to see them in real life. As a fan of the history of typography and book design, I'm completely jealous.)
Perhaps it would be helpful to define incunabula in your post.
I work in the Special Collections division of a mid-sized academic library, and even though we only have one incunabulum (1496), I of course know what the word indicates — as should you! While I agree with your assertion that there is "no sine qua non subject matter that a librarian must possess", I assume that rare materials are part of your current profession, as they are mine. That said, I completely understand the patron's frustration. If she had instead asked to see the "old books" would it have sparked this topic?
I don't know; the patron's level of frustration seems an overreaction. From the description of the interaction, it sounds like her request began with a mumbled single word (not even a complete sentence), and then became hysterical and accusatory. If she was frustrated, it's because she created a frustrating situation.
>>If she had instead asked to see the "old books" would it have sparked this topic?
Probably not. The focus of the post was her indignation that a librarian (which I am not, I'm a student) didn't know what that term meant. My contention is that more and more future librarians will not know what it means, and that fact does not signal the end of the world for the profession.
Her question suggested that all librarians should be familiar with incunabula, and much to her chagrin, that's not true.
I'm not a librarian either, I'm an LTA and a student — I'll graduate with my MLIS next month. Your overall argument regarding librarianship as a whole may be correct, but I don't think her question ("Are you a librarian?") was completely off the wall. Not *all* librarians need to know about incunabula, but she thought that someone *in your position* should. You obviously worked there — not many laypersons know that you need a degree to be a librarian — and you didn't know a commonly used term that relates to what is obviously a huge selling point of the Library for which you work. She could have articulated her question better, sure, but it's a common enough term in Special Collections. That's why I understand her frustration, I guess.
I hadn't ever heard of incunabula either, until just now. Literally. I just googled it. That said, I think the point of this post shouldn't be overlooked – that the field, and the Spectrum program especially, is evolving our world (information contexts) from the inside out. Yes, we will still have patrons asking these same questions, but also we will have a wider and more diverse workforce that will be able to provide information to new and underserved populations. Whether we deal with archival materials, special collections objects, books or digital artifacts, "the only sine qua non for today's (and especially tomorrow's) librarian is a willingness to assist people find and use information." Well said Jarrett.
Also, I heard long ago that untranslated Latin is a faux pas. So is untranslated French. ;)
As a medievalist who is now entering an MLIS program, this beginning of this post made me cry a little inside. But in the broad context of librarianship, no, most librarians and LIS students will probably never come across incunabula. But for someone who is working in Special Collections and focusing on archives & records management, yes. I would expect you to understand on some level what incunabula are.
I generally agree with the gist of the post in that a willingness to interact and assist people find/use information is an essential skill, but that is only getting at the public-face of librarianship. I think another important skill across the board is creative problem solving/thinking both in how libraries operate and how we interact with the communities we serve.
[...] Hack Library School: features articles primarily from people in my situation, that is, people who are in library [...]
What's more helpful to someone looking for incunabula? Knowing what they are talking about, or not knowing what they are talking about?
I'm starting to sense that this discussion as it is being played out throughout our field is too often being distilled into an either/or debate. Either we can love the material, or we can love getting people to the material. And I think a lot of this is coming from the fact that LIS programs in general concentrate too heavily on the latter of the two "options."
IMHO the whole debate, as it's often framed, is ridiculous. Particularly in positions where you are dealing with subject experts, you cannot provide adequate service if you know nothing about what they are looking for. One of the greatest strengths of librarians, particularly special collections librarians or archivists, is that they have an intimate familiarity with the materials in their collection, and a certain level of subject expertise that blossoms naturally from that. We can try all we want to improve our finding aids and our discovery methods, but what's more service oriented than someone asking a question and you knowing off the top of your head just what materials they need to answer it?
The problem is that the expertise required for that level of service is just as varied as the types of libraries there are in existence. It is impossible for library schools to provide that sort of education, which means students and new graduates need to develop their expertise on the job, and in the beginning they will find themselves in awkward positions like when they are working in a rare book department and don't know what incunabula are. That doesn't mean it's okay for librarians to know nothing about the subject matter they are in charge of. It means that the bulk of what we learn we learn on the job, and not in the classroom.
>>Particularly in positions where you are dealing with subject experts, you cannot provide adequate service if you know nothing about what they are looking for…One of the greatest strengths of librarians, particularly special collections librarians or archivists, is that they have an intimate familiarity with the materials in their collection, and a certain level of subject expertise that blossoms naturally from that.
Our library has many other cool and fascinating materials. Not being familiar with THIS particular item doesn't mean I know nothing about our holdings, which are vast and deep. Moreover, I don't have an advanced degree in another subject, so I'm not a subject specialist, nor will I be. Spending time with materials will not qualify one with similar credentials and knowledge as someone who has studied in a particular field. And as someone who processes archives at another institution, I can say that if an archivist has 'intimate familiarity' with the materials, then s/he is spending too much time with them and would better serve the public by implementing MPLP.
>> …in the beginning they will find themselves in awkward positions like when they are working in a rare book department and don't know what incunabula are.
If not knowing something as a librarian is awkward, what then is the joy of librarianship? Contrary to popular (or your) belief, librarians are not omniscient. I, for one, am in the field because I have a life-long love of learning, not because I have a pretention that my learning will end.
Well that all fits in with my point fine, and I apologize if I sounded like I was criticizing your post directly. I picked up on a broader issue and was mostly addressing that.
To answer the more direct question, library students (you) don't need to know what incunabula are. They just need to be interested in knowing what incunabula are once they realize that they will be working with them. And that's where the passion for lifelong learning comes in. If you were a 10 year tenure track special collections librarian and ended up in the same situation, that would be a problem.
It's a false dichotomy to claim that you can either implement MPLP or you can know what you have in your collection. That's what I'm arguing against, the constant pitting of passion for the stuff vs. passion for the service. There is no conflict here. If someone doesn't love both they probably aren't going to make a good librarian.
Interesting post and discussion!
No, not all librarians need to be familiar with incunabula — only the ones who work with a collection that include incunabula. I would not expect a student worker or new graduate to have the same knowledge as a librarian who is already in the field. So it is okay that you did not know.
>> "I can say that if an archivist has 'intimate familiarity' with the materials, then s/he is spending too much time with them"
Some librarians and archivists do have that "intimate familiarity" with the collection. That usually comes from working with the same library or type of collection for multiple years. I don't think it is necessary to know every title in a collection, but an experienced librarian should know all the types or categories of materials that they have available in their library.
Not knowing something as a librarian can be awkward when a patron tries to make you feel awkward. I have had that happen when interacting with a patron who is impatient or rude because they are used to dealing with one of the more experienced library workers. You live and learn. And like M Lin said, subject expertise can naturally grow, the longer you work with a collection and gain on-the-job experience.
(BTW, fellow Spectrum Scholar here — congrats!)
I can't believe how many people responded that they think you should have known what an incunabula is just because there happen to be a lot where you intern at (presumably only a few hours a week). That attitude is exactly why I stopped bothering to apply for Special Collections jobs. Too much snobbery. Jarrett can use the excuse that he is new to the profession, but, in fact, there are MANY professionals who have been in the field longer than he who are no more familiar with incunabula.
Furthermore, an intimate knowledge of the format is actually pretty useless in a reference situation. All you need to do is ask the user for clarification as to what they are looking.
Just one remark, addressing, "…fewer and fewer LIS students will know what incunabula are. And that's ok…."
Is it really "ok" to think that future librarians will be so out of touch with the printed book that they won't even understand the value which such books continue to bring to society? "Librarianship" is, in great measure, having the ability to both educate and to guide patrons, and Seneca's declaration that the "librarian must be foremost a teacher" (Epistolæ Morale) is no less true today than it was more than two thousand years ago. The librarian isn't simply the curator of information – she or he is likewise the curator of the physical book as well, and a vast number of books still exist in only a single edition. The librarian who is unfamiliar with the basic skills needed to guide patrons cannot perform effectively.
Let's look at the remark above from Seneca briefly. If a patron – let's make her or him a student of Moralist Philosophy – were to request the earliest printed sourcebook for the Moralist maxim, most people would at least be aware enough to direct the student to the work of Publilius Syrus, but how many could accurately answer the patron's needs, being aware that, owed to the appellation "Proverbia Senecae" applied to Syrus' Sententiæ, that the editio princeps thereof was actually included in the 1475 edition of the Seneca Opera published at Naples by Matthias Moravus? For this answer one must call upon either the antiquarian bookseller or the librarian. The librarian unfamiliar and / or unmoved by the pivotal rôle played by the origin of western books printed by moveable type has missed an opportunity to contribute to society as an whole. With a nod in Maria's direction, from her delightsome blog "Pop Goes The Librarian" – keep the spirit of Niel Gaiman's quote alive: "Google can bring you back 100,000 answers; a librarian can bring you back the right one."
A plea to those who are next in line as the curators or Mankind's treasure of knowledge: please don't forsake your patrons. Enrich your knowledge of Philosophy, of the Arts and Sciences, of Greek and Latin and all which comprises the Classical world, and in so doing, you'll enrich the lives of others whom you touch – and if that desire fails to burn brightly within you, change your career path will all haste.
[...] I wanted to raise some of these questions for discussion without discounting the importance of leadership. I want to acknowledge that there is plenty of great work being done by librarians to cultivate leaders, and at Hack Library School, we certainly have pointed out a number of opportunities for students to become leaders in their institutions and in larger organizations. A few months ago, for example, I wrote about the importance of getting involved in student governance for library students to be aware of issues and events in their program. Last fall, Turner Masland wrote about leadership in the field. In a guest post earlier this year, Anita R. Dryden discussed her experiences in ALA's Emerging Leaders program in "Emerging Leaders and Professional Involvement." And in another guest post, Jarrett Drake wrote about about the Spectrum Leadership Institute. [...]
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We finally made it! After 3 months, over 2000 votes, and over 100 Weezer songs......we are left with 10 amazing songs. They survived each round and were never voted out. That won't all survive here......as there will only be 1 Ultimate winner! Here are the rules: Vote off your least favorite of the songs remaining. Vote for 2 songs until we get down to 5. Since there are only 10 songs, the only round I will eliminate 2 songs is in round 1. Remember when we get down to the final 2 songs, we vote to win. Songs are listed in alphabetical order.
1. Across the Sea (2ND PLACE )
2. Blowin' My Stack (Eliminated Round 1)
3. Burndt Jamb (Eliminated Round 3)
4. The Greatest Man That Ever Lived (Eliminated Round 6)
5. Island in the Sun (Eliminated Round 4)
6. Longtime Sunshine (3RD PLACE )
7. Only in Dreams (WINNER!!!)
8. Perfect Situation (Eliminated Round 5)
9. Trippin' Down the Freeway (Eliminated Round 1)
10. Unspoken (Eliminated Round 2)
Views: 3346


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Also on Wednesday:
Contact Chuck Barney at Facebook.com/BayAreaNewsGroup.ChuckBarney, or Twitter.com/chuckbarney
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(Joerg Sarbach)
Watch these baby ostriches run around and discover the world
On the Rooster Cogburn Ostrich Ranch in Arizona, a bunch of baby ostriches were just born, more than they have in recent years. Full Story
(Jeff Durham/Bay Area News Group)
Why it's smart to keep electronic devices out of the bedroom
'In the middle of the night, just a tiny amount of light -- so brief it doesn't even wake you up, just opening your computer (or glancing at your phone) -- can shift your clock by hours. It can make an early bird into a night owl.'
(Photo by Dan Hallman/Invision/AP Images)
Ryan Seacrest leaving 'American Idol?'
Report says the "Idol" host stepping down after current season.


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Skip to content
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I have only scrapped 12x12 before. but had so much fun using this album I can't wait to do more smaller projects. Very sturdy chipboard and binder mechanism. I will be buying more.
I might use this as my December Daily album this year. I love the idea that you can decorate the cover anyway you want. It will be a great album to customize.
One of the few 8x8 ring albums left on the planet! It's nice and thick chipboard, ready to embellish at will, but also a great enough color to leave as is.


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PRIMARE - PRE32 - Pre-amplifier
The PRE32 is an upgradable audiophile pre-amplifier designed to match the Primare A34.2 and all Primare power amplifiers. It features the comprehensive OLED display and control parameters established by the EISA award-winning I32 integrated amplifier. The PRE32 is housed in a heavy gauge alloy steel chassis, and incorporates two pairs (L/R) of low-noise balanced XLR inputs and 4 pairs of RCA...
Furuno FAX210 Facsimile Receiver Operator's Manual
Operator's manual. Includes Operation, Manual Recording, Timer recording, Updating Preprogrammed Station/Frequency, Selection of NAVTEX Station and Message, reception by External Receiver, Replacing the Recording paper, Maintenance, Troubleshooting, Installation, Principles of Facsimile and NAVTEX Systems, Maps and Lists, Drawings and Schematic Diagrams.
BBE FJB-200X Phono Preamp
The BBE FJB-200X Phono Preamp converts an RIAA turntable signal into line level so you can play your vinyl straight through your stereo, mixer, or computer sound card. The BBE preamp has stereo RCA I/O, 1/4" TRS out, and a grounding post for 60-cycle hum elimination. Works with magnetic phono cartridges.


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All-Clad Copper Core Deep Fry Pan Set with Tongs
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Elite chefs depend on All-Clad's Copper Core cookware because of its superb responsiveness to heat, essential for making reductions and sauces. Taller than a typical sauté pan, this one includes a fry basket and tongs, making it ideal for deep frying.
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Automotive Maintenance
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
(tweaking header to work right with search engine 'Descriptions")
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<big>[[Maintenance]] [[Merit Badge]] requirement resources include the [[Media:{{PAGENAME}}.pdf|Merit Badge Worksheet]],
 lesson video links, graph paper, links, and cross-references to related [[Merit Badges]] and [[Boy Scout]] [[Awards]].

[[Automotive Maintenance]] is great if you are into cars! MeritBadge.Org has links to great lesson videos.</big>

[[Automotive Maintenance]] is great if you are into cars! MeritBadge.Org has links to great lesson videos.</big>

{{Revised|January 1, 2009}}
{{Revised|January 1, 2009}}
Revision as of 20:13, January 9, 2009
lesson video links, graph paper, links, and cross-references to related Merit Badges and Boy Scout Awards.
Automotive Maintenance is great if you are into cars! MeritBadge.Org has links to great lesson videos.
|The Automotive Maintenance requirements were revised effective January 1, 2009.
|Auto Mechanics merit badge
|BSA Advancement ID:
|Requirements revision:
|Latest pamphlet revision:
Automotive Maintenance requirements
NOTE: You will need access to a car or truck and its owner's manual to meet some of the requirements for this merit badge.
The text of these requirements is locked and can only be edited by an administrator.
Please note any errors found in the above requirements on this article's Talk Page.
| A FREE workbook for Automotive Maintenance is available here!
with the maps, charts, links, diagrams, and checklists you need!
Or click here to print just the Automotive Maintenance requirements.
|meritbadge.org has PDF and DOC versions of
Boy Scout merit badge workbooks,
Webelos workbooks, and Cub Scout workbooks.
- Per the BSA: "You should read the merit badge pamphlet on the subject." Pamphlets (books) are at local Scout Shops and online at ScoutStuff.org.
- "Get a signed Merit Badge application from your Scoutmaster." An online, printable Word doc file version is available.
- If you start before January 1, 2009, you can choose to work on Auto Mechanics, Automotive Maintenance, or do both. Here is the worksheet for Auto Mechanics.
Requirement resources
- Read and follow the owners manual.
1. Tools Necessary for Auto Repair – Safety
2.b.1. Video: How to Check Brake Fluid Levels
2.b.2. Video: Checking Car Motor Oil Level
2.b.3. Video: How to Check Engine Coolant Levels
2.b.4. Video: How to Check Power Steering Fluid Levels
2.b.5. Video: How to Check Windshield Washer Fluid Levels
2.b.6. Video: How to Check Transmission Fluid
2.b.7. Video: How to Check a Car Battery for Corrosion
2.c. Video: How to Replace Automotive Fuses
2.d. Video: Checking Car Drive Belts
2.e. Video: Check and Replace Lights
2.f. Video: How to Change a Car Air Filter
3. Dashboard Gauges
4.a. Video: How to Interpret Car Tire Ratings
4.b. Tire Pressure Tread Wear - Video: Checking Car Tire Pressure - Video: How to Put Air in a Tire
4.c.Video: How to Diagnose an Alignment Problem.
5. How Car Engines Work - Engine Diagram
6. How Car Cooling Systems Work - Cooling System Diagram
7. Fuel System Diagram
8. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for graph paper to make your diagrams.
- Video: How Automobile Ignition Systems Work - Video: How to Change Spark Plugs - Video: How to Jump Start a Car
9. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for graph paper to make your diagrams.
Video: How Manual Transmissions Work - Drive Train Diagram
10. Video: How Engine Brakes Work - Video: How to Inspect Car Brakes
ABS Brakes Diagram - Conventional Brakes Diagram - Difference between ABS and Conventional Brakes
11.a. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for the Operation Maintenance chart you need to calculate the cost of ownership of vehicles.
11.b. Video: Car Detailing - Waxing - Video: Exterior Car Detail Tips
11.c. Video: How to Change a Car Tire
11.d. Video: How to Change Your Own Oil
Related awards
Trade Awards Trade-related awards
- Boy Scout Merit Badges: American Labor - Automotive Maintenance - Drafting - Farm Mechanics - Graphic Arts - Home Repairs - Painting - Plumbing - Surveying - Truck Transportation - Woodwork
- Webelos Activity Badges: Craftsman - Handyman
See also
General Merit Badge information
- An Introduction to Merit Badges – how to get started, who chooses the counselor, etc.
- Merit Badge Worksheets & Requirements – with the revision dates, diagrams, charts, checklists, logs, and links you need.
- Merit Badge Application – offers online resources to let you print "Blue Cards," etc.
- Merit Badge FAQ – answers dozens of questions like: Who can be a counselor? Can requirements be added or removed?
- Merit Badges Requiring Prior Approval – Certain requirements need prior approval. Most do not. Here is the list.
- Also see: List of how many boys have earned each Merit Badge – Merit Badge policies – Merit badges required for the Eagle Scout rank – Merit Badge Days
- Additionally: List of Merit Badges by Field of Study – Merit Badge Pamphlets & Libraries
- Merit Badge Counselors must complete Youth Protection Training, file an Adult Application (and Merit Badge Counselor Information Form); and be approved by the local council. (See the Guide for Merit Badge Counselors for additional details.)


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With 20 years' worth of stories to tell--and advice to share--ASTA's Liz Culkin says mastering a few basics is the best way to successfully manage overseas events.
If you think you don't have the global clout and international savvy to carpet the Sahara, Liz Culkin will tell you differently. When members the American Society of Travel Agents met in Cairo for their 1992 Annual World Congress, you could say they got the red carpet treatment. In fact, 200,000 square feet of the Sahara Desert was blanketed with 6-by-8-foot rugs for the event's opening 6,000-person dinner, held in the shadows of the Great Pyramids and complete with camel shows, fireworks, and fabulous food provided by five hotels.
"Our members are still talking about it," says Liz Culkin, vice president of ASTA's meetings and education department and the impresario who put together the Cairo event--among dozens she's planned in nearly 20 years of meeting planning for ASTA. Of course, being a travel industry association--with many offshore members--has its advantages, especially outside the U.S., where ASTA holds its annual congress about every other year. In the art of staging successful international meetings, several basic principles are pivotal, she says, and when a planner masters them, the sky's the limit.
*Association Meetings: Can you share any secrets to pulling off an event like the one in Cairo?
*Culkin: It's true that we're in a good position because we're a travel association, and we can get a venue like Cairo's pyramids. That was one of my most memorable events--it took days to prepare for and it paid off. But other associations can do it, too, if they can get the cooperation of the locals through a host committee for their destination. It's one of the most important things to organize when planning meetings overseas.
*AM: Who do you like to see on your destination's host committee?
*Culkin: Our international host committee generally includes the president of the city's tourist office and the presidents of any surrounding regional tourist offices, plus a representative from the national air carrier and the local hotel association. Local tour operators should be on the host committee because they can help with the shuttle bus system. It's good to have a local airport official too--that way you have contacts for any freight or customs issues--as well as a representative from the convention facility. We also like to ask city dignitaries to sit on the committee, because this helps with promoting the event and the exhibit. And in the case of our upcoming meeting in Seville, Spain, we also have a representative from the country's high-speed rail.
*AM: How do you deal with customs issues, especially given the size and diversity of ASTA's 200,000-square-foot trade show?
*Culkin:Get a good freight forwarder. This is probably the one most important thing a planner can do. We use Schenckers International out of London, an excellent company that we have worked with for years--and we just wouldn't do a show without them. There will always be some exhibitors who ship their material on their own. It takes just one mistake on their part, resulting in our not getting their stuff on time, and then exhibitors change their minds and go with our freight forwarder.
*AM: Describe a shipping glitch you've dealt with.
*Culkin: When we were in Taipei in 1991, there was a rather memorable incident with the Swiss National Tourist Office, which always puts on some kind of luncheon at its booth during the show. One of the items they shipped was raclette cheese, very pungent smelling. I happened to be at customs when the Taiwanese agents smelled it--they told me it had gone bad, that it was not fit to be eaten. I can still see their faces--noses all scrunched up and saying "pewie, pewie." We got every official in our host committee, the local officials, their [the Swiss'] freight forwarder, and we're all sitting around a table trying to convince the customs agents that this was not bad cheese. This is the kind of thing you can never anticipate! And, from my point of view, even though we [ASTA] didn't ship that stuff, we're still responsible for the whole group. In the end, if something isn't getting through customs, they [the shipper] will look to us for help.
*AM:What are some other potential pitfalls?
*Culkin: Transporting as many people as we have at a destination is very hard to get right in some foreign cities. Even aside from language barriers, a lot of places--without naming venues--tend not to be equipped to handle shuttling 6,000 people among more than 50 locations. You're dependent on about 100 different bus drivers sometimes, and you just hope they know where they're going. This is one area where we rely heavily on the host city to communicate with them.
*AM: How do destination management companies fit into your international planning?
*Culkin: We don't use a DMC. When we are outside the U.S., especially in Europe, we use a lot of hotels--sometimes up to 50--to accommodate the 3,500 rooms per night we need (since most European hotels are smaller than what we find in the U.S. and in Asia). In the many years we've been doing this, we find we can negotiate better hotel rates if we spread the attendees around and deal directly with the hotels and city tourism officials. We do a lot of homework on what rates the hotels are currently offering to groups, so we know what to ask for. We also have our own standard contracts that we send to hotels rather than the other way around--and I find this is the biggest advantage in going direct. This way, we control what we need and pay.
*AM: Being an association of seasoned travelers gives ASTA an edge that other groups may not have. How do you think that translates for other associations?
*Culkin: Without a doubt, being a travel industry group has benefited us in our negotiations in that many of the hotels and destinations we work with are either ASTA members or closely tied to us. But I think any association can make their meeting valuable to a destination if they add up the potential income stream that they'll bring in--how much attendees will shop, eat out, spend on entertainment, that kind of thing.
*AM: So money always talks.
*Culkin: Absolutely. Any group can track how much business they're bringing into a destination, both long- and short-term. We go for the long-term because our members will be booking future trips to the destination. Meeting planners for any association need to really look at their group and create a profile of the kinds of people they will be bringing in, including spending habits. We put together a very involved prospectus and video presentation of ASTA and our attendee profile, and we show this to any destination we are considering for our events. This tool can really help you get in the door, even if you're not a travel industry group.
*AM: How do you promote your overseas events?
*Culkin: We market our trade show to our supplier members and many other target markets that, over the years, we have created databases for. We fax, e-mail, and direct mail these groups. We also advertise in the major travel industry publications and go so far as to invite key members of the press to the venue in advance of the show. They spend a few days touring the venue and write stories about our convention--it's a great promotional tool for us.
Also, whenever we go to a new city, we start a database of nonmembers in that area. In Spain, for instance, we will market our event--and ASTA--to lists of both nonmember travel agents and suppliers, which are easily obtained from the local tourist office and from the local travel agent association, since most countries have their own agent associations.
*AM: Has it gotten easier to plan overseas events?
*Culkin: Certainly things have changed over the years, especially in the area of communications. With the Internet and e-mail, there's no question that communicating is easier and faster. In fact, the rest of the world is more up-to-speed with the Internet and e-mail--I would say they are beyond us here in the U.S.
Another thing that's improving: International destinations are building more convention center space, mainly to attract the American convention market. In the past we have had challenges finding the perfect space for our convention and trade show overseas, but we are also finding that many international cities are building large convention centers, so this has become less difficult for us. I think in the next five years, we'll see a significant increase in meetings outside the U.S.
*AM: Looking back over your years of experience, what is it that you most appreciate about international meeting planning?
*Culkin: When I'm asked this question, I keep coming back to the same thing: Even though our annual congress is structured the same way every year, by taking it to different countries, my staff and I are always faced with a new set of challenges. What is great about international meetings is that you're always working with different cultures and customs. It's important for any staff organizing the meeting to be aware of this. It's also tremendously rewarding, personally, to work with people from all over the world, because you can make some lasting partnerships--and friendships. *
Offshore Checklist Liz Culkin has been planning international meetings for the American Society of Travel Agents for 20 years and, for her, these five top items on her list can mean the difference between success and disaster.
*Ask yourself: Is the international site the best location for your attendees? There are numerous aspects to research, says Culkin, but most important, planners should determine if air service is direct or has one or more stops; know the hotels--from rates to quality to distance to convention facilities; ensure convention facilities are accessible for persons with disabilities; and know what airport customs costs and challenges your exhibitors may face when getting their materials into the country.
*Establish a diverse, working local host committee. The main players on any local host committee should include local officials who represent convention center facilities, hotel associations, the national air carrier, the city's tourist office as well those from surrounding cities, and the shuttle bus or tour operator company.
*Find a good freight forwarder. Culkin relies heavily on hers, one she's been using for years. This is very important for exhibitors, she says. "And on-site you should be able to rely on your freight forwarder to assist with any customs problems or lost shipments."
*Test your hotel shuttle bus system. Culkin takes advantage of her setup days with a dry run between hotels and the convention venue. "When you're dependent on about 100 bus drivers shuttling 6,000 attendees among 80 or so hotels and the convention center, you hope they know where they're going."
*Never assume attendees know enough about the host city. Send them useful information on time differences, currency exchange, electricity conversions, taxes, weather, business operation hours, and local traditions.
Inside ASTA The American Society of Travel Agents' World Congress is held outside the U.S. every other year--and sometimes in consecutive years. Roughly 15 percent of ASTA's 26,000 members from countries other than the U.S.
Liz Culkin, vice president of the meetings and education department, says she spends about 60 percent of her time planning ASTA's World Congress, held every fall. The rest of the time, she and her staff of 15 manage five other regional events--which draw about 800 attendees each--held January through June in North America and foreign port cities for the group's two annual Cruise Fest events. Culkin's department also plans quarterly board meetings for 35 to 70 people, held "all over the place," she says.
The meeting staff does everything in-house, except hotel reservations for attendees, which was turned over to a housing bureau in 1998, Culkin says. "The housing bureau is local to whatever destination we select, but we do everything else, such as negotiate hotel contracts, register delegates, sell and register trade show booth space, assign the exhibit floor, and find speakers." The reason, she says, is simple: It saves money.
Trade exhibits are a big part of the World Congress, with 450 exhibitors in about 200,000 square feet of space. The regional shows have about 150 companies and travel suppliers exhibiting. Meetings and exhibits account for a major portion of ASTA's revenue--$1 million net--second only to membership dues.
Around the World with ASTA In a perfect world, the annual ASTA World Congress would rotate between domestic and offshore destinations, says Liz Culkin, vice president of meetings, conventions, and trade shows. It doesn't always happen that way, "and we would certainly go to Europe two years in a row," she says. The 2000 ASTA World Congress was held in Las Vegas this past September, and Seville, Spain, is the venue for 2001. Here's a look at ASTA's international meetings in the last 15 years:
* 1985 -- Rome
* 1986 -- Singapore
* 1988 -- Budapest
* 1990 -- Hamburg
* 1991 -- Taipei
* 1992 -- Cairo
* 1994 -- Lisbon
* 1996 -- Bangkok
* 1997 -- Glasgow
* 1999 -- Strasbourg


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