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[Pages 591-676]
Abbreviated Translation from Yiddish to English by Harold Black
That night, the City Council mobilized all citizens who had military training, but most of them had left with the Red Army. A few stayed behind to be of help to the panicked population.
On Monday, the 23rd of June, artillery shells fell near the Bober River. Shooting was heard all over and the people started to leave the city and go to the surrounding villages. At night, the sound of shooting became stronger, especially the sound of machine guns.
Tuesday became quieter. The Red Army was further from town. The Poles entered the town to loot. They stole clothing, food and sugar from the cooperative and ran like hungry wolves. A small band of the Red Army showed up and shot at a group of looters. Some were killed; the rest got away with their loot. Doors and windows at the co-ops were smashed in; goods were strewn all about. It looked like a pogrom had hit the area. Later, smoke came into the city. The Fort was burning. The Red Army left entirely and things quieted down. Jews came back a few at a time, afraid the Poles would take everything the Jews had left behind.
Few Jews turned up on the streets. Sometimes they stole their way through back streets to find a decent Christian who would give them a loaf of bread or some potatoes. No Jews dared show up at the market.
By Friday, German troops showed up at the market. They were on their way to the front. The Poles gave them water and asked them to rest. They told them to go out and beat the Russians.
By Saturday night, the town was quiet again and the Poles were back in charge. The Poles decided to confront the Jews. The Council ordered the police to bring all the Jews who might be Communists to the courthouse. There they beat them up and sent them home.
On Sunday, the police were ordered to bring in all Jews who were on a list. They were the same Jews the police had pulled in the day before as Communists and included Yankel-Elihu, the old gabbai from the House of Learning, Abraham the glazier with the gray beard, and Henny the cantor. In all, they gathered 30 so-called Communists. The police beat them up and sent all but a few home. The younger people were able to walk, but the oldsters had to be carried home.
By order of the Council all Jews had to show up at the courthouse three times a day or receive a bullet in the head. The badly wounded from the beating were allowed to be carried in. Every Jew was then selected to do hard labor. As fear grew, a few Jews ran away to nearby towns where they were not known. Others went to the Bialystok ghetto even though life there was also terrible.
Groups of young Jewish men were sent to clean up ruins and to break up stones along the highway. They were under the watch of police armed with blackjacks. They would, as the saying goes, go for a walk on Jewish heads. This went on until black Friday.
On Friday, July 3, the Council ordered that, by ten that morning, all Jews must go to the market area. By a quarter to ten, they started to group themselves in the street at the edge of the market. Nobody could understand what was happening. Some of the Poles told them that a German officer wanted to give them a speech.
Within a half an hour, all the Jews were standing in the street. Those who did not come of their own free will were dragged in by the police. The question arose whether all of the Jews were now there. The police began looking in every nook and cranny. If a Polish child saw a Jewish child, he would immediately point him out to the police.
Finally, the German officers arrived. They separated the Jewish men from the Jewish women. The men were ordered to get into rows. An officer asked all barbers to come forward. There were two of them and they both came forward. They were ordered to cut off the beards of the adults and the ear-locks of the young people. They did as they were told as quickly as possible.
A large group of Poles stood ready with clubs and blackjacks and were overcome with joy at what was happening. The Gestapo officer asked the Poles to pick out the Communists from the two rows and to place them in a separate row.
The mayor said, Why do we have to pick from them? All Jews are Communists. One is no better than another. They should all be driven into the river and drowned. I don't know of any way to make a selection.
The Poles looked at the Gestapo officer, but he didn't change the order, so they went to work. They took out their collective hate as they made the selection. The Gestapo officer beat the third row unmercifully. They especially took it out on those Jews who had been dragged out of hiding by the police. Clubs flew over their heads. Their cries rang out over the market. The size of the third row continued to grow. The unofficial Communists were sent out for labor, to work on the roads under watchful eyes. As for the official ones, the Gestapo told the Poles, Do what you want with them.
As for the women, the Poles put pictures of Stalin and Lenin in their hands. They made them hold the pictures over their heads and sing Soviet songs. This was a great day for the Poles.
The beaten official Communists were beaten further on the orders of the police chief as they were marched to the House of Learning. Some tried to run away, but were caught and brought back. They were forced into the House of Learning. Poles brought straw with the intention of burning down the building with the Jews inside. But the Poles who lived nearby asked the Mayor not to burn down the building because their houses would also catch fire. The Jews were driven out of the building and into the yard where their hands were bound with wire. They were also bound to one another and were forced to march back to the market. The old Jews looked up to heaven, looking for the Jewish God. The younger ones said goodbye to the trees and flowers they were sure they would not see again. They were put into the cellar of Motke Kliap where they were locked in. A watch was set to make sure they would not escape.
More and more Poles gathered outside. Some amused themselves by throwing stones against the door. Every time a stone hit the door they would break out in laughter. The Jews were afraid that the barn would be set on fire. A few finally fell asleep. They were awakened by three shots and wondered which three Jews had been killed. They felt among themselves that shooting was the easy way out, but the Poles didn't comply. They threw more rocks against the door.
The night finally passed. They could see the grayness of dawn through the cracks in the barn. Everybody stood up wondering what would happen. Then they heard the sound of the nails being removed and the door opened. They began to feel hopeful and started talking to each other. They could see some of their women coming with something to eat. The women asked permission of the watchman to feed their men and children. Little by little, the women came from all ends of the city with pots of food for their jailed relatives.
At noon, some Christians arrived and asked for Jews to work for them. Jews rushed to the side of these Christians. They would like to work in freedom away from the dark and crowded barn. But the Christians take only those Jews who are known to them. The rest go back to building the road. At least there is some fresh air, even though the work is under the hot sun, the work drives away the loneliness and fear. But if a Jew displeases any overseer, he gets struck across the back. Some of the Jews pray.
The women showed up with food. They wore yellow patches on their breasts. A shudder went through everyone when they saw these shameful symbols. Someone said, The world has regressed 600 years. They asked what happened to the Jews locked up in Motkele's cellar. They were told, by the women, that they were still there but three were taken away last night. Many women had offered the Mayor all their possessions to free the men. They had tried to talk to the priest, but they could not get to him. The men were crying out to be saved. They wanted to go to work. Many of them finally did and they were wearing yellow patches.
When night came, the overseers told them the work was ended. They were marched back to the barn.
On the previous Saturday, the men in the barn found out that eleven Jews had been taken out of the cellar. Their hands had been tied together. They were tied to one another and taken to who knows where. The wives of the eleven had started to weep and they were sent home by the police. Those wives that didn't leave right away were beaten. The wives ran to Poles they knew to find out what had happened to the eleven. They were told they were alive and had been sent away to work. Some were quieted by this answer. Others did not believe it.
Women collected goods to try to ransom their men from the cellar. On Sunday morning some of the men were freed and taken to the barn. They were greeted as if they had come back from the dead.
In the meantime a new tumult developed in the town. The Poles had proclaimed that in the wheat fields around Goniondz there were Jews hiding who had shot a Polish woman. There was a rush to find the hidden murderers. Jewish women became too frightened to even take the back streets. The men were taken from work and returned to the barn. Police went house to house and collected even the young children who up until then had been free. Everything looked bleak.
The mayor showed up that night at the barn. He said that Jews had shot a Polish girl who had been working in the fields. She had been wounded in the hand. Up to now, the murderers had not been found. He threatened that if the Jewish community would not give up the murderers, the Poles would burn down the barn with everyone in it. The mayor left and the watchman nailed the door shut. The people inside shuddered. A fine libel they have put on us. Tonight we will all burn. The rabbi said prayers and others followed him. Nobody slept that night.
The men in the barn couldn't eat their breakfast. Many of them cried. Breakfast time ended and they had to go to work. They were joined by some of the men who had been bought out of the cellar by the wives.
Monday night the Poles wanted to have some fun. A band of them, mostly policemen, broke into the barn and began picking people. They were looking for new candidates for the cellar, because the number there had gotten smaller. They took away children from their fathers and separated brothers. Crying did not help. They selected the younger ones and took them to the cellar. The community bought more people out of the cellar until only 17 were left. They vanished the same as the original eleven.
The Jews stayed another week in the barn, until the Mayor announced they were free. They were allowed to go home, but they still had to come to work every day to wherever they were sent by the Jewish representatives. The mayor had chosen three of the richer merchants as the representatives to the Polish council. Everybody was happy to go home.
The Judenrat told the Jews a ghetto was being formed and that they would all be locked in the ghetto. It was determined that certain sums would be needed for a payoff to the Germans. The Judenrat sent out the women to collect the money and gold. The rich gave gold coins and gold watches. The poor gave jewelry, rings and chains, which had been handed down generation to generation. Seven hundred and fifty grams of gold were collected.
On the 20th, the women came for another gold collection. They wanted mostly American dollars and quickly. Afterward, the German commander said they were leaving town and then no one was left in charge. The Jews shuddered because that meant the Poles would be in charge.
The Poles were happy. They threw stones against the doors. They had gotten drunk on shnapps found buried in Rudski's cellar. It got quiet at night and the Jews went to sleep. Then, at one in the morning, there was a woman's voice crying out, Fire, Help.
Bands of Poles had started to roam the streets with clubs in their hands. They collected Jews in a wagon and threw some bodies into it. The wagon, with eight live persons and a number of dead began to move. The Poles beat the people in the wagon. At the market, a huge band of them surrounded the wagon. They chased one man and tied him up. They beat him without letup. They walked away with Jewish goods on their shoulders
The bodies were placed in a cart. One Jew ran for blocks to escape the murderers. He knocked on the door of a Christian friend, but the door was not opened. They caught and tied his hands behind his back with telephone wire, put rags in his mouth and killed him with clubs. One woman had barbed wire tied around her neck and she was hung from a balcony until she died. . Her son was beaten to death with an iron beam. They also killed her brother. The bodies were thrown on the cart. The Reigrodski family was placed alive on the same cart. The oldest son jumped off and escaped, but in a half an hour someone came and told the Poles he was hiding in her garden. He was immediately captured. All on the cart were taken near the Polish cemetery and killed. One person was buried while still alive.
Everybody waited with great hope to hear from these fifteen women. The Commander intervened by telephoning the military police. They answered that they would arrive Tuesday morning and get everything in order. The Commander asked them to obtain a list of the perpetrators. This was good news for the Jews in town, but they still had to live through another bad night. The young people decided to organize and make a stand against the murderers, but they dropped the plan because they had no arms. Instead they formed small groups with axes and sledge hammers. They would chop the head off the first bandit to show up and then fight on as long as possible.
The old people left their homes and went into hiding. The night, however, passed quietly. In the morning four military officers with machine-guns showed up on motorcycles. They went looking for the murderers. In addition to finding seven of them, they did vigorous searches with good results. In addition to finding goods robbed from Jews, they found stolen Soviet uniforms and hidden war material.
According to the rules, the perpetrators could be shot. The seven murderers were put in chains and taken to Osowiec (the fort). This was the first ray of hope in the Jewish community. It was the Poles' turn to become frightened. The bandits among them hid themselves.
The City Council members went to Osowiec to intervene on the behalf of the seven. They said it was allowed to kill Jews and, therefore, their acts were not illegal. The Commander said, We will get rid of the Jews without you. The seven Poles are arrested not for murdering Jews, but for stealing their goods. For this they deserve the death punishment. Hearing this the members of the Council became more upset. They kept trying until one of the seven was freed. The other six were shot. The Jews felt more secure, until a new German commander came into town three days later.
The Judenrat, in addition to the yellow patch, had to wear a blue patch on the left arm. On it was inscribed the word, Judenrat.
Even though things were quiet, the remaining murderers walked the streets in freedom and the military didn't do a thing to them. They felt more sure of themselves and started to arm themselves with clubs. They lay in the sun while they badgered Jews.
The ghetto question came up again. The Councilmen went out to the old market and decided it had room enough for nearly 2,000 Jewish persons, 6 to a small room. The Judenrat tried to abort the plan, but most of the people had already used up their resources to pay off for previous actions. With great difficulty, however, a sum was raised that was divided among the city fathers. This payoff was successful and work was stopped on the fencing of the ghetto.
A few quiet days passed until the city fathers became hungry again, for too long a period had passed without Jewish victims. They made a list of fifteen men and asked the police to bring them in. Four policemen took them to Osowiec and denounced them as Communists. That started the action against Jews again, including a few women, older men and some young people. Poles began to chase them. One of them ran toward the old market. The police shot at him, but missed. He managed to disappear.
The Jews didn't know why they were picked on. One was accused of urging the Russians to remove the cross from the market. A Jewish woman was accused of telling a Polish woman during the time of Russian occupation Your anti-Semitic time has passed. The city fathers encouraged Poles to come to them with such stories. They indicated that the accused people were Communists and that the Germans should shoot them.
The German commander wasn't ready to see the city fathers. When a colonel arrived, the police ran up to him with a smile on their faces because now they felt that everything would be taken care of. The Colonel asked, Who are these people? The reply was, They are Communists.
The colonel screwed up his face and said, Why do you bother me with tales like this? Old people like these Communists? Let them go home and don't bring them here again. The policemen stood there shamefacedly and didn't know how to pass this on to the Jews. But the Jews had heard every word. They kissed each other for joy. The Poles, however, returned downcast.
The Poles didn't remain downcast and the Jews didn't rejoice very long, for the Council cooked up another plan which they carried out in three days.
Those Jews on the list, who happened to have money, ran to the Polish authorities to buy themselves out of the assignment. Only two men succeeded in buying their way out. A group of the remaining sixteen decided to hide. This did not work out because Christians they knew were afraid to take them in. Only five succeeded in their attempt to hide. The police vainly tried to find them. The Jews which remained worked hard all day and part of the night. After work, they were herded into Tserala's cellar and kept locked up for two weeks. Attempts to buy their freedom failed. At the end of the two-week period, two taxi loads of German gendarmes showed up at the market.
The Jews in the town were in a panic. Men ran away to hide outside of town. Women stole through the back streets to ask the Judenrat what was happening.
The gendarmes went to the home of Mayor Bolonowski, where they stayed a half-hour. Afterwards they searched the town until they found the eleven Jews in Tserala's cellar. The Commandant asked who are these people? Bolonowski replied that they were Jewish Communists.
One young man, Samuel Herschfeld, went to the oldest gendarme and said, These bandits took away our gold and our dollars, and afterwards they locked us up for no reason. The rich who still have money, they left alone, but not us, the poor Jews. These bandits have already killed 60 innocent Jews. They have taken advantage of there being no German authority in the town. They want to kill us a few at a time. Free us from their murderous hands. Samuel broke out crying and was followed by the others. Bolonowski with his head down, his face pale, did not say a word.
Go home. You are free, the Commandant said.
The Jews, surprised at their sudden freedom, raised their hats to honor the gendarmes.
The gendarmes returned to Bolonowski's home where they searched for Jewish gold and dollars, but Bolonowski had arranged that nothing would be found at his house. The gendarmes stepped into their taxis and left town.
The Commander immediately called the leader of the Judenrat and gave him a list of house goods, including furniture, bedding, and cookware. The Judenrat got together the items on the list in twenty-four hours. In an intimate moment, the gendarmes said, If the Jews are good to us, we will be good to them.
The Jews did everything they could to keep the gendarmes happy and were liked by the Commandant, who became acting chief of the town, turning Bolonowski into a figurehead. The Polish town fathers also lost their power. The Jews felt freer. Some even went out into the rural areas to work for the peasants. The peasants started coming into town to do business with the Jewish shopkeepers. Contact was resumed between the Jews in town and the peasants of the villages, thus helping Jews to earn a livelihood.
But men still went to forced labor every day in selected places and no Jew could remove the yellow patches or go for a stroll in the town-square. Work began once more on public works in the town. A sapper's unit from Osowiec was sent out to oversee the work. It was headed by a man called Franz and he was in charge of thirty Jewish workers sent to him by the Judenrat. There were also a few Polish workers in the unit. They had the easy jobs, such as driving vehicles, locksmithing and wood inspection.
The work was very heavy, and a new group of Jews would come in every three days as replacements. Franz, who was a sadist, would beat the workers unmercifully. He made men work beyond their capacity. For example, he would not allow more than three men to carry one large block of wood on their shoulders. When he called a single Jew to lift a large block, and the Jew couldn't move it from its place, Franz would let his baton stroll over his shoulders, back and legs until he lifted it. Franz would stand there every day, even under torrential rains, with a rubber hat on his head and his baton in his hand, and hit his workers until they rolled a log uphill, running. When he was very angry, he would say, Because of you Jews, my comrades are rotting in the fields. But mostly he hated rich Jews. If one of the workers wore a pair of pants without patches or holes, he would call him near, take him into a small room and torture him. But when he saw bread and butter in Jew's hands during lunch, he would say, Ach, butter you're eating! He would then curse at him.
No one needed to be envious of Jews, for at 9 PM, after 14 hours of work, he would yell out, All Jews here. When they formed two rows in front of him, he would yell out three times, God punishes England and the cursed Jews. After that, with their remaining strength, the Jews ran down the hill as fast as they could. There were always, however, one or two older Jews who did not have the strength to run. Franz would scream at these laggards to come to him. Can't you run, cursed Jews? he would say. The older Jew would then crawl down as fast as he could, barely making it into town.
The name Franz brought terror to Jewish hearts. Many Jews would rather be dead than to work for him.
When he arrived two days later, the Commissar immediately called the chairman of the Judenrat and ordered him to put together a list of valuable items in the town. The Jews did everything to please him in the matter.
Three weeks after freeing the Jews from the cellar, an answer came from the Bialystok Gestapo to the City Council and the gendarmes ordered the eleven to jail by midday September 12, 1941. On that date the Gestapo would pick them up. This news was kept secret from the Jews. The Polish police came at night accompanied by the gendarmes and took the eleven from their beds and put them back into the cellar they'd been in. In the morning, a German truck, driven by Gestapo soldiers, drove directly to the office of the gendarmes. They asked the Polish police and the gendarmes to bring the eleven communist Jews to the truck.
While they were being led through the streets, one Jew managed to escape. Several policemen chased him and shot at him, but he got away. When the report of the incident was given to the Gestapo, the Commandant immediately ordered that five more Jews be captured to replace the one that got away. When the police asked which five Jews, they were told, Take the first five you find.
The police picked up their quota of five Jews from the homes surrounding the market. The five who were picked up were told they were being rounded up for a work detail, so they went peacefully. When the Jews finally realized what was happening, it was too late. Among the five picked up were the leader of the Judenrat and its secretary. By the time their wives ran out to find their men, it was too late. The women wept and cried out and were brought home half dead.
The Jewish community found out that the fifteen were taken to Kniesin and jailed there. The wives of the five went there in order to plead that their men were not Communists and had nothing to do with the detainees from the cellar. In order to make their trip possible, the Judenrat had to raise a great deal of money to get permission from the Commissar to allow the women to travel there without a passport. The women felt certain that their men would be freed, but it turned out otherwise. The Gestapo asked for a quantity of gold to let the five go. They were given a maximum of two days to collect it. Without waiting the two days, the Gestapo placed all the prisoners on a truck and took them to Bialystok. They freed a fifteen-year old. The other fourteen vanished without a trace.
After that life went on as before. The power of the Commissar and the gendarmes increased, while the power of the Judenrat waned. After two weeks in the city, the Commissar removed the power of the Polish City Council and took all the power for himself. He hung the Hitler flag over his office and Goniondz was ruled under Hitler's civil laws, the same as all the surrounding towns. The number of crafts Jews could work in was established.
The Commissar called on the Judenrat whenever he needed something from the Jewish community, or over questions of work assignments. According to the Judenrat, the Commissar was not a bad man, just forgetful. He kept forgetting what the Jewish community had given him. Often the Judenrat had to go to other towns to buy articles for him which were unavailable in Goniondz. For this purpose, they would receive a travel card. It was otherwise forbidden for Jews to travel. The money for these purchases came from Jews with means. In addition, the Judenrat had to buy new clothes for the gendarmes and their families back in Germany. They sucked the blood of the Jewish people in Goniondz without stop.
The Jewish population of Goniondz consisted of three classes. The first were the rich who were merchants before the War and also of manufacturers of such items as leather goods and shoes. They didn't have to work for a living. Most of them had hidden their goods in bunkers or among peasants they knew in the villages. From time-to-time, they would sell off a bit of goods, which were high-priced then, and buy food and other necessities. They could have existed like this for years.
The second class, consisting of craftsmen, didn't have things so bad either. Their ten fingers were enough to earn a living. The peasants paid well for their work because the supply of craftsmen was limited. The tailors came out best, for the peasants had a lot of cloth materials after robbing Russian supplies during the retreat of the Red Army. Because they paid a fixed sum to the Judenrat, the craftsmen did not have to do forced labor. This exemption did not apply to their children.
The third class consisted of poor people, who had even been poor pre-war. They had it much worse than anyone else. These were the small merchants who had run grocery stores. At one time they had had a small amount of goods, but now it was eaten up or sold during the first few months of the War. They were, therefore, part of the squeezed Jews. They did business with the peasants and bartered their Sabbath clothes, furniture which they had received as wedding gifts, tools, underwear, and finally bedding. Since a money economy didn't exist for the peasants, a barter system was instituted. All transactions were underground, because there were huge penalties if one was caught.
In the beginning, the poor families had something to exchange for flour and potatoes for the winter. Even a drayman would receive enough for two wagon wheels to get a whole winter's supply of potatoes. By spring, they would have nothing left with which to barter, so many went to work in the fields, helping the peasants work the land in exchange for food for their families. Those who could not do this kind of work, old people, ritual slaughterers, the rabbi, etc. became dependent on the rich class which willingly helped them. In this way no one suffered from hunger.
In the summer of 1942, fresh work opened at Osowiec. One hundred and fifty Jews, men and women between the ages of sixteen and fifty, were employed there on a daily basis. They made clothes for the soldiers, especially trousers. A group of Jews worked at sorting abandoned Russian munitions, bombs, artillery shells, and grenades. The largest number worked at the train station, loading and unloading the trains, which came from German factories. The materials were transferred to the soldiers at the front.
Some of the bodies could still be recognized, some only by their clothing. The woman, Biali, was dressed only in a nightgown. The barbed wire by which she'd been hung was still around her throat, and her right leg was broken. Yosel Gabrinski lay there with his hands tied behind his back, his mouth filled with rags and wires. All the rest had open wounds on their heads and bodies.
The young men laid the bodies on stretchers and carried them to the Jewish cemetery. They had to tear the bodies away from their relatives. The cries of pain increased in intensity and split the heavens. One word was heard from everyone, Revenge, Jews...all of you who live through the war should avenge their innocent blood. Another called out, Jews, swear all of you by the open graves of your brothers that you will take revenge on these bandits.
Afterward, the Jews looked for the bodies of the cellar prisoners and for the four others who had been picked up. They looked in the wheat fields and found the seventeen bodies. The tragedy grew bigger as women recognized their men, their parents, and their children. The cries grew louder, for they had been murdered in a terrible way. Some had nails driven into their heads and into their hearts. Others had heads that had been split by an ax. One had his tongue cut out and many had broken arms and legs. Eight men had their arms bound behind them with barbed wire. Others had deep wounds in their heads or necks. After looking for a long time they found the five men who had been shot because of the blood libels of the Poles who claim they had found them hidden in a wheat field.
The time they had been granted permission to travel was not enough to bury the dead in a cemetery. They were reburied where they were found. At six in the evening the mourners returned home.
Relations between the Judenrat, the Commissar, and the gendarmes improved to the point that the resident's didn't feel the rule of Hitler in the town. From time-to-time, because of slander by the Poles, the Commissar would get angry with the Judenrat, but the Judenrat would quiet him down with a nice present.
The large group of Jewish craftsmen working at Osowiec gave the Jews some leverage with the Commissar and with the Commander at the fort. There was a feeling that even if something happened because of the Gestapo in other towns, nothing would happen to the Jews here.
The work at Osowiec never slowed down. Even more work came in because as fall and winter came near, the need for articles for the front line troops increased. The work, therefore, took on a quicker tempo. The number of trains coming and going from the Osowiec station increased. Trainloads of military went to and came back from the front. The soldiers on the trains, when they saw Jews working at the station, would cry out, Damned Jews! These remarks didn't create hopes for a better tomorrow. So the Jews would make themselves feel better with false information, such as, The Russians have marched into Kiev, Minsk and Vilno. But the truth soon came out when someone stole a German newspaper. It said, The German legions have marched into Kavkaz and have obtained a victory. The Jewish readers of that paper shuddered and felt very disappointed.
Once in a while, the Jews at the Fort would hold conversations with Russian prisoners, but they could get no information from them. The Jews were skeptical about any news they received from the Germans, or did not want to believe what they well knew was happening. In a word, they were like cats in a sack.
The Jewish workers became good friends with the Russian prisoners. They not only brought food for themselves in their packs, but also for the Russians. Two young men would place the food in several large rucksacks and place them at predetermined places. These hiding places would be changed daily. The danger was not only that the Germans might find out, but that the Polish workers would find something to tattle about.
But, just the same, one Sunday morning the Commissar ordered all Jews from Dolistover Street to leave their homes in three hours. Confusion reigned. Every Jew from the affected street ran to borrow carts from peasants in order to carry their belongings. Jews from other streets took in their things and shared their houses with them. Three days later, the Commissar ordered the Judenrat to make Jews vacate their homes on Church Street. With great difficulty, the Judenrat talked him out of it.
Several days went by without any rulings. Little-by-little, Jews began to believe that things had gotten better. The belief became greater when the Commissar passed out a ration of potatoes for the winter at a low government price. He had ordered that the peasants set aside potatoes for the military warehouses. When these became full, the Jews were allowed to take their share. It didn't take long, however, to remove the optimism. The Commissar ordered the Judenrat to make and set aside two hundred fur coats. The Commissar made available a wagon and a Polish driver to transport the coats. The president of the Judenrat agreed to carry out the order.
Around three in the afternoon, the wagon loaded with the Jewish made fur coats stood in front of the Commissar's house. The member of the Judenrat, who had been in charge of the coat collection, reported that the Commissar's request had been complied with. The Commissar greeted him and went out to the wagon to inspect the coats. The Polish driver said, Herr Commissar, the Jews have hidden the good furs, and they have given you the worst rags. Hearing this, the Commissar slapped the face of the Judenrat representative and ordered, If in three hours you don't bring me two hundred good fur coats, then you will have to send all Jewish men out into the street.
There was a bruhaha in the town. Jews ran to the nearby villages where they had hidden their goods and brought out the best coats they had. After that the storm died down.
On Saturday, October 30, 1942, at a weekly meeting of the village leaders from towns near Goniondz, the Commissar ordered that by the 3d of November, by seven in the morning, each of the villages should make available two hundred fur coats with high collars. The furs had to be laid out in a row in front of his office. The villagers wondered about the order. When one of them asked the Commissar why he needed so many furs, the Commissar answered, To bring young trees from Grayve. When the Jewish community heard the reason, they were dumbfounded. The Judenrat sent its president to get more information. When he came back, the president said that the Commissar had assured him that the two hundred furs had nothing to do with the Jews.
It became light at seven in the morning. Several of the workers asked a Polish policemen what was happening. With a smile, the policeman said, I don't know. Then he hummed a tango and danced to it. At 8:30 the workers were ordered to return as quickly as possible to their towns. Anybody who tried to get away would be shot.
As the matter became clear to everyone, the young women in the group started to cry. The two policemen accompanied the people going back. The gendarme, armed with a machine gun, brought up the rear. As they approached the village of Guzi, they could see Jews fleeing on the road to Trestine. Two Polish policemen chased them on motorcycles and opened fire until they caught them and brought them back to Guzi. Unending gunfire could be heard from Goniondz. Gestapo men with machine guns encircled the city, closing off all avenues of escape. As the group of workers marched toward the city, they saw Gestapo men holding a group of Jews who had tried to run away. This group was added to the workers and marched into the city.
On the faces of the arriving Jews were written the wounds of the town. They were so full of fear they could hardly talk. They received only one answer to any questions they asked. This is not good. A shudder went through the workers. Fathers held on to their children, brothers held a brother or a sister. They held on to each other's hands. Each one wanted to be near to a close one for the last minute before death and to die together.
The Poles stood at the edges of the streets and looked on with happiness as Jews were led to the slaughter. The Jewish workers, as they came near the old market, could see groups of Jews, young and old, running, trying to escape the town. In the fields where young, green wheat plants grew, Gestapo men ran and shot without end. Those who had tried to run away turned and came back.
A Jewish woman ran out of her house and into the row of workers. She tried to take her son away from the group. The gendarme ordered her to immediately return to her home. With his revolver cocked against her breast, she went back crying. The whole group of workers, men, women, and children, began to cry.
At the front of the former court building, Bolonowski, Kempo and their followers laughed at the Jews marching to the old market.
At the market, 200 carts were parked whose use was already clear. Gestapo automobiles stood in the middle of the market.
A pale faced Gestapo officer with long, black side-whiskers and angry eyes shoved to the front of the group. Seeing him even at a distance made the women shake. The group was told to stand in two rows. When this was done, several lower ranking Gestapo officers drew near. One of them, holding a paper in his hands, said, You are all being transported to work. Each of you is to go home for half an hour and put on working clothes. Bring along a change of underwear, two sheets and pillowcases, a spoon, a fork, and a knife. Once you have these items, come back into the street.
Hearing this, the workers breathed easier. With renewed hope they ran to their homes to carry out the Gestapo orders. I, my brother Zalman, and sister Kayle found our house locked. We tore the lock off and went inside. After a short discussion, we decided not to go back into the street, but to hide in the hideaway our father had built in the attic. We wanted to wait until things became clearer. We brought up from the rest of the house food, water, bedding, and other needed items. We closed the masked door of the small room and hid there. We dug a small hole in the roof from which we could see what was happening on the street.
Jews were collecting themselves into an ever-expanding group. They stood in a long row starting on Dolistover Street, near the waiting carts. Their packs lay on the ground near their family groups. Gestapo police milled in the streets and shouted at every Jew leaving his house, Out, out, faster, faster, damned Jews. Wherever they found a Jew who was late, they beat him and chased him out of the house. The Poles energetically helped the Gestapo look for hidden Jews. When several young Poles happened to find a young Jewish boy hidden in a cellar, they immediately informed the Polish police who shot him on the spot. From time-to-time, they dragged hidden Jews into the street to join the Jewish rows.
The shooting in the town continued. At twelve in the afternoon, when they found no more Jews, the Gestapo began to fill the carts. In a half-hour, all the Jews in line were in the carts. The Gestapo spread out among the carts to watch the transport. The Gestapo leader gave the order and the heavily laden carts began to move.
It was frightening how, in a few moments, they wiped out a community of several thousand Jews from their birthplace in which had lived their grandfathers and great grandfathers for hundreds of years. Most of the Jews would be seeing their homes for the last time. Old Jews raised their hands to Heaven, looking for salvation, but no miracles happened.
Poles stood along the route with happy faces. Slowly, the last of the carts reached Church Street. The whole community vanished and was wiped out forever from its ancient home.
Groups of Poles, ranging in age from six years olds to fifty-year-old men and women, ran about like wild beasts. They looked in every street and alley, in every yard, in every house and barn, and in every attic and cellar. Even in our house and in our attic we heard the noise of these guests. It felt as if they would soon find us. We lay in our hiding place, not breathing, not moving a muscle. We were paralyzed with fear, feeling that this was the last moment of our lives. But when they didn't find us, they stole all our belongings and went out to continue the chase.
Little-by-little, we came to ourselves. One of us looked through the observation hole in the roof. He saw them leading captured Jews to the Gestapo truck. In two hours, the Poles rooted out more Jews. Among them was my grandfather. The Gestapo officer ordered them to get into the truck. The truck left in the same direction as the carts which had left earlier. The Gestapo taxi also left. The chase after the Jews continued, however.
The young Polish boys never tired of the sport. They did it with such energy that their parents got great pleasure from watching them.
Little-by-little, day turned into night. There were fewer Poles and the market area grew quieter. But a policeman still found two hidden Jews. They were first taken to the Commissar's office, then they were brought out onto Church Street where we could no longer see them.
We heard a group of Poles speaking near our house. One of them said with great happiness, Janek is efficient. He captured two brothers in the bath house. A second one said, What more do you want? Even the blind Shenko, with his one eye, found Shmuel Pensik and his little boy. Firlus, the policeman, just took them to the Jewish cemetery to be shot. A third one said, Why crow about catching Jews? A whole bunch of them managed to escape. The first one replied, Don't worry, we will catch them all.
They began to count the Jews they had not seen on the carts. The number went up to thirty. A pessimistic one said, Thirty we know about. But how many more there really were, we do not know.
They tried to make each other feel better by reminding themselves that many Jews who tried to escape were wounded. They said that the President of the Judenrat, Pinkevich, had been shot in the hand and in the back. He had been laid bloody on the cart. They recalled that a number of women they knew had been wounded while trying to get away. Finally their talk died down and they left.
A deadly silence fell on the town. The Jewish houses around the market were in mourning for their owners. Somewhere in a Jewish barn a goose honked to be fed. We heard the sad meowing of a cat. Everything was crying over the destruction of Goniondz.
Next day the Polish police went to each home and nailed the doors and windows shut. Around six in the evening, when it became dark, groups of Poles, with clubs in their hands, were detailed to keep watch near each Jewish home. Our plan, which had been to sneak out at night from our hiding place and to run away, was frustrated. We remained living in fear and waiting for an opportune moment to escape.
The first night after the destruction was frightful. We could hear them leading away Jews they had found. We recognized them by their cries. We heard the heart-rending cry of a Jewish woman and it shook us to our souls. The sound of shooting tore the quietness of night and tore us apart because we knew that every shot cost the life of a Jew. Our faces flamed, our hearts hammered, but we had to be still. We didn't want to be heard by the watchmen who stood near and snooped around like bloody hounds.
The policeman, Gogol, led Menashe the blacksmith, hitting him murderously with the butt of his gun on the head, back and legs. He took him into the Commissar's office and afterwards into the cellar where all the detainees were kept. In a few minutes, the second policeman, Firlus, led, with his gun pointing at a five year old boy, Sholem Rosenthal, to the cellar. When the policeman came out of the cellar, he was met by a group of Polish children who asked him to follow them. Firlus returned in ten minutes, leading three new Jews, two of them women. He took them to the German gendarmes and turned them in. A short time later he came out with only the women, and he locked them in the cellar. In the three days after the Jews had been led away in carts, the Poles had managed to round up thirty Jews.
On the fourth day, a Friday, the Police led the Jews out of the cellar and lined them up in a row in front of the Commissar's office, where Polish carts awaited them. The Jews waited a long time until the Commissar came out. He slapped several in the face and told all of them to get into the carts. They were taken away in the same direction as the others.
After this the Poles found one more Jew. Others gave themselves up when none of the peasants they knew would take them in. The Commissar wasted no time. He ordered the police to take them to the Jewish cemetery and shoot them. This was the way many Jews were killed in the first few weeks of the Holocaust.
The Polish people could now go about robbing the Jewish homes of all belongings. They did this at night because they were supposed to be the watchmen of the Jewish belongings, and it was officially forbidden to loot. According to the law, it could lead to death.
The Poles celebrated on the first Sunday after the removal of the Jews. They dressed in holiday clothes, some of which were freshly looted, and strolled through the market. Their happy talk and laughter could be heard far away. They gathered in groups and told each other stories of their great happiness at the turn of events. A neighbor invited guests for drinks to celebrate. We heard him say, Let us drink in honor of having lived long enough to see Goniondz clear of all Jews. The cries and songs of these hooligans tore at our nerves. The party went on until late into the night.
At first he didn't want to let us in, fearing that he would be shot. After we told him that we had good clothing and other things in our rucksacks and that we would pay him well, he relented and let us into his house. We gave him a new shirt and two silver spoons and begged him to let us stay just for the day. We told him that just as soon as it became dark, we would leave. He agreed.
From him, we learned that the Goniondz Jews had all been sent to a camp in Bogushe, which was near the Prussian border. On the same day they took out dozens of Bialystok and Grodno communities. The only communities they had left were in Yashinovke, the Bialystok and Grodno ghettos.
The peasant advised us to give ourselves up, because no one would let us into their homes. The commissioner had given the order that any Pole who hid a Jew would be shot along with his family, and his house would be burned. We told him we would wander as long as fate would allow.
After staying a frightening day at the peasant's home locked in a closet, we went out into the night. Everywhere we went, the doors were locked. None of the peasants we knew would let us in. They even set the dogs on us to make us hurry away from their yards.
We decided to risk it, and went through fields and woods toward Yashinovke. There we found our father along with twenty-six other Goniondz Jews. My father told us that the day of the action, he had escaped through the lines of the Gestapo. My mother, who had tried to escape next, was caught and returned to the town. She was the only member of our family that ended up in Bogushe.
Five hundred fleeing Jews from surrounding towns had gathered in Yashinovke. We stayed there for three months until one beautiful winter morning, January 25, 1943, the Gestapo carried out the same action as they had done in Goniondz. A small group of Jews managed to escape. Others escaped from the sleds which were taking them to the Kniesin railroad station where a special train to Treblinka awaited them. A larger group managed to jump out of the small windows of trucks carrying them to the slaughter.
Everyone on that long trip was accompanied by a fear of death, a struggle for existence, and a mighty heartrending cry of pain of the half-dead Jews pressed together in the black wagons. In the last hours came the cry, Jews take revenge for the innocent blood.
In this action, each member of our family managed to save himself in different ways. My brother Zalman ran away from an armed Gestapo guard who ran after him, shooting. Through a miracle he managed to get away and hide until nightfall in the barn of the town priest. I was able to escape in the evening, from the sleds loaded with Jews on the way to the train station, where the train waited to take them to Treblinka. My father jumped out of the window of a truck on its way to the train station. My sister, no longer able to take the conditions in the packed truck, decided to commit suicide by jumping out the window while it was moving. She fell on a rock and lay unconscious in the snow of a frosty winter night. A young man who had jumped out after her had carried her away to a peasant he knew and left her there. She woke up and was surprised to find where she was. The wife of the peasant told her what had happened, gave her something to eat, and told her to go. She covered her battered face with a muffler and walked in the direction of Goniondz.
At night, she stopped at a peasant woman's house whom she knew and found me there. We continued on and ran into my father and my brother at another peasant home. But the same old problem arose. It was impossible to find a place to stay. My father wandered night after night until he was lucky enough to find a peasant willing to hide us in exchange for all our goods, which we had managed to hide away. We were hidden in the attic of his stall for nine months. More than once our lives hung by a thread, especially when the gendarmes went through the peasant's house, went into the stall to look at his cows while we were hidden just above their heads. After that, the peasant told us to go. Again death looked at us from all sides. We wandered for a long time in the woods and in the fields. Once a peasant saw us in the fields and ran to the village to squeal on us. But by the time the residents came to catch us, we were already gone.
In this way, we wandered days and nights in hunger and in cold, in dark forests and swamps where people were not likely to come. My father looked every night for a place for us to stay. His first approach to any Pole was frightening and risky, not knowing how he would react. It is hard to describe how we felt at seeing our father take such risks. But nothing held him back, not even his age, for at fifty-two, he was still sprightly. He went to all sorts of places where he risked death. When I or my brother wanted to exchange places with him, he wouldn't permit it. He said, You are young yet. You still have to live. If something happens, better it should happen to me.
We spent twenty months wandering around like this. Toward the end of that time my father felt sick and told us, Children, who knows if I have gotten cancer? He suffered so much that he no longer loved life, but he did not stop his heroic attempts to save us. He died on May 2, 1945 of cancer in a Bialystok hospital after an operation.
In addition to frightful hunger, filth reigned in the camp, leading to a high death rate. Every night the corpses were laid out in a hole, and in the morning were taken to the cemetery in the camp. This cemetery had been previously used by the Russian Army. From time to time, there were selections in the camp. A large group was separated out and told they were being sent to work. They were sent out in the morning, but nobody returned. This spread the alarm among the Jews of Bogushe that they were being sent out to Treblinka and Maidenek, and that they were being burned in crematoria.
On December 22, 1942, at five in the morning, the Gestapo entered the camp and ordered all Jews to leave the barracks and to go into the camp. When about half had carried out the order, the remainder were told to stay put. The gathered Jews were ordered to form four long lines and to march to a spot near the fence. It was very dark and the people in the group could not recognize each other. All they could hear was the sound of marching feet and the unending shooting of automatic weapons. Later, when the Gestapo opened the camp gates and led the Jews away to the train station, there was a frightening sight. A group of seventy Jews had been shot and were lying in puddles of blood frozen to the cold earth. Some of them still lived, but were wrestling with death. They couldn't stand the frightful pain and they asked the Gestapo to kill them. The Gestapo did them the favor.
In the morning, when the Gestapo sent out a group of Jews to pick up the bodies, they found that the Gestapo had not only shot Jews who had been marching in camp, but also along the whole way to the train station. There were more than fifty bodies outside the camp, frozen to the earth with their own blood. That same day, the train took the Jews to Treblinka. The group that stayed behind were sent out with the second train which took three thousand Jews on January 3, 1943.
[Page 675]
Avrahamke, the Glazier - Raver (?)
Bialy Hilka - Chaya Tsirel's son
Bzhezhinsky - A family from Botka (1935)
Barsky, Noach - Khatskel-Mendel Burkass' son-in-law
Green, Moshe - Moshe, the Rutkovsker [from Rutkovsk]
Hirshfeld, Shmuel - The son of Sholom Rachel-Leah's
Zimnokh, Betsalel - Alter, the dry goods store owner's son, Itshe Berls
Khazan, Henya - Henya Pesha's, the baker
Khativa, Simkha - The estate lessee
Yevreysky, Shimon - Shimon, the army tailor
Levin, Yisrael - Alter Yehudah's, the son of the butcher
Luria, Sonia - The midwife, Rachel Luria's daughter-in-law.
Lifshitz, Shmuel - Son-in-law of Pesha, the Presser
Luria, Khaya Rachel - One of the Marantz family
Tikotsky, Leibel - Leibel Betsalel's (the butcher)
Mikhnovsky, Alter - A baker, Isaac Aviezer's son-in-law
Nievodovsky, Zalman - Son of Eli-Hershel
Feldman, Meilech - His mother, Zissel, was Mosheke Piekarsky's daughter
Finkevitch, Hirsh - Moshe Mendel's son-in-law
Friedman, Nissan - Nissel, the Butcher
Pletinovitch - A family from Yedvobna that moved to Goniondz in 1931
Tsereleh - Gittel Abba's
Kliap, Motke - Motke Gershons
Kliap, Hershel and Yekhezkel - His sons
Kobrinsky, Asher - A son of Bertchuks Poliak
Kobrinsky, Yosef - Son of Chaim Poliak
Koppelman, Chaim - Chaim Dinkes
Kravitz, Menashe - Son of Reizel, the lady blacksmith (!)
Rubin, Yankel - Yankel Eliyahu's (the blacksmith)
Reigrodsky, Wolf - Khaya Tsirel's son-in-law
Rubin brothers - (Puls [?]), their father was Hershel Velvel Zodchak
Rosenthal, Sholom - His father was Khatskel-Itshe Frantsoizel's
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
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Updated 5 Mar 2014 by LA


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Suspense! Excitement! High Drama!
Posted on Friday, March 1, 2013 by coffeecritic
They may not be classified as action movies, but these documentaries have all the nail-biting suspense, triumphs and agonies of any feature film. It's all about competition! Follow these hopefuls, young and old, from every walk of life, as they risk all to compete in poetry slams, spelling bees, math prowess, pastry baking, debating, dancing, eating, whistling and more ... Kings of Pastry "World Cup-size . . . more »

subset: commoncrawl


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Topic: Milk Thistle
Has anyone tried this and found any successful results?
cholangiocarcinoma.org :: discussion boards
a resource for patients, friends, caregivers and loved ones.
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Has anyone tried this and found any successful results?
rjoday....... I have been taking milk thistle once a day. A couple others on this site take as well. As far as working or successful results, my liver tumor remains stable is all I can say. I surely don't think it has done any harm.
Take Care!
Jeff G.
I have been taking milk thistle three times a day since I was diagnosed four years ago. I'm convinced it's one of the reasons I'm doing well and that, though I had a recurrence, it hasn't gotten into my liver.
Good luck!
I take milk thistle every day. Before I started taking the milk thistle, I never had a platelet count above 95k. (I have chronic low platelets from 20+ years of hepatitis B infection and cirrhosis). After starting the milk thistle I have consistently had platelet counts of 103-123k, which is my best ever in 15 years. I am convinced the milk thistle is responsible in part for this change.
In addition, milk thistle is thought to potentiate chemotherapy treatment. There is a phase II study regarding milk thistle in conjunction with chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. (see www.clinicalstudies.gov)
Anyone else out there taking milk thistle?
Violarob in Texas
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The Sparks Police Department continued its "Don't Trick, We'll Treat" program during early evening Halloween where children received candy from Sparks Police officers looking to interact with children and families in various neighborhoods of the Rail City.
Supplied with candy from six local grocery businesses, about 10 patrol cars attempted to stick out in their "beat areas" to help children feel safe and comfortable in neighborhoods, according to Lt. Pete Krall.
"I think it was very well received," Krall said Friday afternoon. "I think the community response was very positive. I think the parents enjoyed it and the officers I spoke to today enjoyed it as well."
Krall said any opportunity to have "positive contact" with young children is taken advantage of by the local units hoping to instill a sense of trust in the police force. A night like Halloween brings hundreds of children out and Krall said the program ultimately serves them, but said the officers had just as much fun.
"Our motto is 'Where community comes first' and we want to live up to that," Krall said. "We want the kids to know they can trust us and we want to talk to them other than times when they have done something they shouldn't have. If they don't trust us, they won't report things to us and that creates bad barriers that we cannot afford in the community.
"We want them to know that we are people too and that they can speak to us in a positive manner. Police can sometimes be the scary people with badges and other scary things, but if we can break that barrier down a little bit, we want to seize those opportunities every time. Without that trust there is no community."
Krall added that it was important to teach children to be comfortable around police officers early and continue instilling those values year after year.
The contribution from Sparks businesses, which included Walmart, Target, Raley's, K-Mart, Walgreen's and Safeway, made the Don't Trick, We'll Treat program a major success, according to Krall. He said without the donations there would not be a program and it proved to be a "true community effort." He said SPD was "very grateful" for the help.
"It is one of those opportunities where we get to have a little fun with what we do," Krall said in summation. "We appreciate the opportunity to do it and to interact with the community in such a positive and fun way. We have been busy lately and we get plenty of the other (negative) stuff we have to deal with. It is nice to throw some fun in there for a night."


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Big Sky Resort has a lot to offer. If you would like assistance planning activities and dinner reservations for your visit, please email or call the Concierge at (406) 995-5806 with your schedule and description of your party. We will provide you with suggestions for activities to make everybody happy. Below are some sample itineraries to get some ideas of what to do around Big Sky Resort.
Couple's Getaway Winter Itinerary
Family Getaway Winter Itinerary
Couple's Getaway Summer Itinerary
Family Getaway Summer Itinerary


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UTAH UTES BASKETBALL FACTS: Location: Salt Lake City, Utah Stadium: Huntsman Center Conference: Pac-12
The Utah Utes have been a perennially successful program, recording the tenth most wins among college basketball programs all-time. The team has made 28 NCAA Tournaments, including a NCAA Tournament championship in 1944. The team has seen the Final Four four times, most recently in 1998 under coach Rick Majerus. The Utes would compete in the National Championship game in 1998, and would lose to Kentucky.The 1998 Utah Utes basketball season is often regarded as one of the finest seasons for the program since the team advanced to the championship without being a member of a Power Conference. In 2011, the Utes moved their teams to the Pac-12 Conference, where they'll play the likes of Stanford and USC yearly.
Utah plays their home basketball games at the Jon M. Huntsman Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Center, opened in 1969, seat 15,000 spectators. The 1979 NBA Finals were held at the Huntsman Center in an epic battle between Larry Bird's Indiana State team and Magic Johnson's Michigan State team. The game remains the most watched college basketball game in history.
See Also: Utah Utes Pac-12 Tournament tickets
Thank You Ticket City for making my brother's dream come true. Your company is amazing!Christina - Cicero, NY


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John Lewis Sumptuous Pima Cotton Pillowcase
Product information
Inspired by high thread count bed linen in boutique hotels, this range has 430 thread count cotton for a super-soft and smooth, crisp feel.
Pima is made from a yarn which has been combed to remove the rougher, shorter staples to produce a long fine, luxuriously smooth thread, even finer than percale.
- Standard pillowcase to fit 50cm x 75cm
- Oxford pillowcase to fit 50cm x 75cm plus frill
- Kingsize pillowcase to fit 50 x 90cm
- Square pillowcase to fit 65cm x 65cm
Sumptuous Pima
Soft, smooth and perfect against the skin, our Sumptuous Pima range is sure to add a touch of luxury to your bedroom.
Similar to Egyptian cotton, it has an extra long staple that creates a fine, durable and continously opulent finish and is grown primarily in the United States, Peru and Australia.
- Brand
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- Eligible for International Delivery
- Fabric
- Cotton
- Iron
- Hot iron
- Material
- 100% Pima cotton
- Style
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- Thread count
- 430
- Tumble Dry
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- Washing Instructions
- Machine washable at 40°C
Click & collectFree Click & Collect from John Lewis and Waitrose shops for collection tomorrow from 2pm
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Depending on the type of product, you can make free returns via our shops, Royal Mail (or courier collection for large or heavy items), Collect+ or via MyHermes.
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A weight has been lifted -- one I never knew I was carrying. My legs cry in pain every time I move, but my heart is lighter. The Boston Marathon hurt me last year. But that same great race made me stronger and gave me back my finish line. And with it, a new PR of 3:42:34.
Don't worry about her feet, her extension, how many turns he does or her natural alignment. Work with what you have. Celebrate your gifts, while working your damn-est to overcome any shortcomings.
The anniversaries marked on April 23 -- the 30th anniversary of the scientific discovery that unlocked the door to developing treatment for HIV, and the 20th anniversary of the passing of a key figure in gay America's heroic efforts will forever stand out in the history of the HIV pandemic.
Students expect these products because we currently make it socially acceptable to consume them. Children learn our cultural norms and preferences, and currently we are telling them that food has to be overwhelmingly sweet, setting them up for a lifelong preference which could negatively impact their future health.
Veronica's story illustrates how clinicians can effectively address the social determinants of health by using tools that assess a patient's community and environmental circumstances, as well as by including non-medical providers as part of a health care team.
If you're doing any formal exercise at all, you're okay by me. You're already doing infinitely better than the legions of sedentary folks out there who are, unaccountably, blind and deaf to the avalanche of studies, books, TV shows, websites, et al, that have been telling us for decades that moving is good for you.
My point today, on Earth Day, is that it doesn't matter if meat-based eating is good or even best for human health. It doesn't work in modern context. We can't have our population in excess of 7 billion, and eat our daily side of beef, too.
Since my new book Thrive is concerned with many of the same questions, I asked Tolle about the series, why this is a conversation we as a society need to have now, and the moment he knew he needed to change his life. Here's our conversation.
Perhaps it's time to establish some basic "Rules of Civility" for technological use. These are circumstances in which you will absolutely, positively damage your relationships if you are on your phone.
I believe that young girls need to learn how to perceive and react to social media, pop culture and entertainment in a more positive way. This isn't taught in schools, and I highly doubt that our parents can honestly understand social media to understand its effects.
If we continue to allow the taste of our food to be homogenized through the use of added sugar, we will not only rob ourselves and future generations of a vast and diverse culinary tradition, but an integral part of our human experience.
I found out it was like to hold a living heart and liver, still warm, in your hands, and to see the heart being sewn back into another person. I discovered what it feels like to stay at the hospital until it is nearly almost empty, but still have the energy to call your mother bursting with excitement.
The worst thing you can imagine happens someday. And what do you do? Maybe you think you can't go on or you won't make it. But then you do go on, you do make it. Because what are the other options?
So now that you are a rice connoisseur, you know that not all rice is created equal. And just like fruits and vegetables, you should eat your rainbow of rice to ensure you get all of the macro-, micro- and phytonutrients rice has to offer!
Sleep deprivation is as important a national health issue as obesity and needs to be addressed as such.
The responsibility falls on each one of us to evaluate and decide how much risk we are willing to take on in order to reap the potential rewards of our actions.
What makes today, right now, opportune for realizing the hopes of 50 years ago is that states and counties no longer can afford to sustain the dysfunctional and costly medical, social and correctional services that have evolved.
One fact I know for certain is that 12-step meetings teach you patience. The typical meeting gathers people struggling with many substances, people with mental health issues, and people who might be in the early hours of their recovery. Learning to sit still for 90 minutes, while allowing others to share, vent, cry and inspire has been a skill that I can use in many other parts of my life.


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Key differences between NX-OS and Cisco IOS – Part 1
Posted by: Yasir Irfan
2000, advantages of NX-OS, BGP, CatOS, Cisco Innovations, Cisco Nexus Siwtches, Cisco NX-OS commands, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Tips, Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCS), compairsion between NX-OS and Cisco IOS, Configuring Nexus Swicthes, Csico IOS commands, feature configuration command, InformIT, Key differences between NX-OS and Cisco IOS, Network Administrators, Network Technologies and Trends, Next generation Data Centers, Nexus, Nexus 1000v, Nexus 4000, Nexus 5000, Nexus 7000, Nexus Switching, NX-OS, NX-OS and Cisco Nexus Switching, NX-OS blog, NX-OS features, OSPF, Safari Online, Virtualization
Since long time we are used to Cisco IOS version and few Cisco Switches with CatOS, now the era of NX-OS is coming. These days I am seeing more and more Organizations are moving towards Nexus Switches for their Core and Server farm. Since Nexus Switches are pretty new and they work with NX-OS. ...


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|Members don't see the above ad. Register now - it's free!
sky-fyre wrote:The old one looks so cute and innocent though.
Baum wrote:I think it doesnt has to be mentioned that self-voters have a small p....hotograph :D
MzLegendary-pirate wrote:The new smilies being white are a little hard to see.
The yellow is easier to view on this site.
I do like this one though. lol
David Wood wrote:P.S. We also need to replace Wilber, that's the old ugly version, we need the awesome version.


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Are you feeling overrun by pests in your home? Many households have rodents, insects, and other unwanted guests, whether the people living there know it or not. Let Truly Nolen Port Charlotte take care of your pest control needs!
We proudly serve clients in both the southwest region of Florida surrounding Port Charlotte in Charlotte County. Our technicians pride themselves on being knowledgeable about the pests in southwest Florida.
Our services will remove and protect against these pests:
Bees and wasps
Cockroaches, ants, and other insects
We offer free inspections at Truly Nolen. Our technicians, who are always timely and courteous, are available year-round to discuss service options and treat your home using their expertise. For our customers in Florida, we can also provide lawn care. Our technicians will analyze your lawn to determine which measures should be taken to prevent weeds and insects from invading your grass.
In the hands of the right company, pest control is a worthwhile investment. You can trust Truly Nolen to keep your home safe and comfortable.
Local Offers
Save $25.00 on Pest Control with a new service contract when you schedule a free inspection or buy online.
Save $75.00 on Termite Control with a new service contract.
Save $35.00 on Rodent & Insulation with a new service contract.
Save $25.00 on Florida Lawn Care with a new service contract.
Save $35.00 on Bee & Wasp Control with a new service contract.
What people are saying about Truly Nolen of Port Charlotte
We would like to say how professional Jay is when he comes to our home. He is polite and even though Starr our dog barks at him he stays calm and she finally settles down. He is courteous and always asking us how we are. We are glad you have Jay working for you. If we need to show him or ask him something he always answers us in terms we can understand. He is never late always on time when he says he is coming. Jay is a great worker hope you keep him around.
Rating: 5 of 5
Richard C.
Submitted via Truly Nolen Website
You have an outstanding employee by the name of James Houhoulis... He has been our technician for several years now.. He not only goes out of his way to see we are "happy with Truly Nolen" but he does it being efficient and friendly! Please pass this on to the proper people.
Rating: 5 of 5
Philip P.
Submitted via Truly Nolen Website
Truly Nolen of America Announces West Palm Beach Branch Manager Promotion
Truly Nolen of America, Inc., the largest family-owned pest control company in the United States, is pleased to announce the promotion of Arthur Pegler to branch manager of the company's West Palm Beach branch. Having begun the manager-in-training program in … Continue reading
Truly Nolen Joins the Fountain Hills Community
Company announces new branch in this tight-knit suburb outside Scottsdale WHAT: Fountain Hills residents, rejoice! Truly Nolen, the largest family-owned pest control company in America, is moving in. With the support of the Fountain Hills Chamber of Commerce, the new … Continue reading
Watch Your Step for Scorpions Frightening Pest may be Southwest's Public Enemy No. 1
One of the most infamous of pests, the scorpion is one of the most difficult to eliminate. They spend most of their time tucked away in cracks or crevices and are even found in children's sand boxes. Although scorpions are … Continue reading
Cities Served by Truly Nolen of Port Charlotte:
ZIPs Served by Truly Nolen of Port Charlotte:
33865, 33948, 33950, 33951, 33952, 33953, 33954, 33955, 33980, 33982, 33983, 34266, 34267, 34268, 34269, 34286, 34287, 34288, 34289, 34291, 36266


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Looking at Wednesday's signees — including junior college and prep school athletes — here's a snapshot of the talent produced by the state of Texas in 2013 (as graded by Rivals.com):
5-stars = 2
4-stars = 43
3- stars = 168
Total 3+ stars = 213
Here's where the state's 10 highest-ranked players are headed:
Texas = 3
Texas A&M = 2
Alabama = 1
Baylor = 1
Ohio State = 1
Oklahoma = 1
Failed To Qualify Academically = 1
Loyalty: The Lone Star State will be a fascinating battleground to watch over the next few seasons. Of the state's top 10 players, six chose to stay near home (including two heading to Texas A&M). Overall, three players decided to ink with SEC schools. You can bet schools like Texas and Oklahoma will be hoping that SEC number doesn't grow any larger in future years.


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Randolph R. Myers, 64, formerly of Marshalltown and Zearing, died Nov. 29, 2012, in California. Following funeral services, Randy was laid to rest in Santa Ana, Calif.
Randy was born Sept. 2, 1948, in Eldora. He attended grade school in Zearing and graduated from Marshalltown High School in 1966. He was a Vietnam veteran having served from 1968 to 1969. He received the Purple Heart, the National Defense Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal, the Vietnam Campaign Medal and the Combat Infantry Badge.
Randy is survived by his wife of 39 years, Irene Myers; two daughters: Summer and Brooke; a granddaughter, Sophia DiMarco; his mother, Jeanette Myers; two sisters: Rexanna and Rhonda and his brother Roger Myers.
He was preceded in death by his father, J.S. "Goo" Myers and a nephew, J.W. Hardin.


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You can also read manga online try the Oshaberi na Jikanwari manga!
You're reading Oshaberi na Jikanwari 1a online. You can try some of the related manga below or try some other manga from our manga list.
Users who read Oshaberi na Jikanwari also read Pink no Idenshi, Nude na Kajitsutachi, Houkago Kiss, Teacher\'s Pet Continued, Otona no Jikan, Kiken Junai D.N.A., Shiiku Hime, Cross Voice, Sensei to Watashi, Yoru Koi, I Doll, 1/3 Romantica, Lovely, Ubukawa - Hajimete no Kare, Die or Like Me and Ichigo no Houseki


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Biblical Studies
Biblical Theology: The History of Theology From Adam to Christ
Book by John Owen
Lovers of theology, and particularly of the Puritans, will welcome this English translation of John Owen's Latin writings. The major portion of this volume is a history of theology from Adam to Christ. Owen characterizes evangelical theology as a gift … Learn MoreHardcover $45.00 $36.00 Add to Cart
Illustrated Dictionary of the Bible
Book by Various Authors
Most one-volume Bible dictionaries are aimed at scholars and specialists - people who already have a thorough understanding of the Bible. But this dictionary was designed, written, and edited with the needs of general readers in mind. People with no … Learn MoreHardcover $30.00 $24.00 Add to Cart
Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free
Book by F.F. Bruce
F.F. Bruce is widely regarded as one of the finest evangelical New Testament scholars of the twentieth century. Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free is Bruce's analysis of the life and thought of the apostle Paul. This important book … Learn MorePaperback $28.00 $22.40 Add to Cart
The Promise Keeper: God of the Covenants
Teaching Series by R.C. Sproul
Fourteen 23-Minute Messages. Over 5 Hours of Teaching. These days there is a lot of talk about promises. Most of the time, the focus is on man's promises rather than on God's promises. But as we have all experienced, the … Learn MoreDVD $70.00 $63.00 Add to Cart
Also available in three other formats
Teaching Series by R.C. Sproul
Who is Mary, the mother of Jesus? According to the Roman Catholic Church, she was the only person other than Jesus who was born without original sin, she remained a virgin throughout her life, she was assumed into heaven, she … Learn MoreCD $17.00 $15.30 Add to Cart
Also available in one other format
Themes from Hebrews
Teaching Series by R.C. Sproul
No other book in the New Testament integrates the gospel with the Old Testament better than the book of Hebrews. The author of this epistle is relentless in his effort to reveal Christ as greater than the prophets, angels, Moses, … Learn MoreCD $45.00 $40.50 Add to Cart
Also available in one other format
The Seven Wonders of the World
Book by Iain Campbell
The drama of redemption is rooted in the God who acted, and who continues to act in human history that his glory might be displayed and enjoyed by us. This book focuses on seven pivotal points of salvation's history — … Learn MorePaperback $9.00 $7.20 Add to Cart
Book by Martin Luther
The wisdom of the ages can still be read through the Crossway Classic Commentaries, which present the very best all-time commentaries on individual books of the Bible. Each volume has been abridged and stylistically adapted for today's readers, but also … Learn MorePaperback $20.00 $16.00 Add to Cart
The Messiah is Born
Teaching Series by R.C. Sproul
Two thousand years ago, the birth of a baby boy in the tiny city of Bethlehem changed the course of world history. However, though many people can recount the circumstances surrounding the birth of Jesus, fewer understand the true significance … Learn MoreCD Please check back soon to purchase this item.
Also available in one other format
Biblical Studies Teaching Series
Teaching Series by R.C. Sproul
Studying Scripture is one of the most important duties we have. This collection of 275 MP3 messages represent Dr. Sproul's efforts to help believers live according to the whole counsel of God. The topics found in this category include studies … Learn MoreMP3 DVD $145.00 $130.50 Add to Cart
The Sermon on the Mount
Book by Dan Doriani
This $5 Friday special provided by P&R Publishing. This book is an exposition of the Sermon on the Mount that assists the reader in understanding and living out the demands of the Christian life as Jesus presents them in Matthew … Learn MorePaperback $16.00 $12.80 Add to Cart
How to Enjoy Your Bible
Book by John Blanchard
This book is written out of two firmly held convictions. The first is that the Bible is the Word of God. There was a time when the meaning of that statement would have been absolutely clear and incapable of being … Learn MorePaperback $12.00 $9.60 Add to Cart
Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation
Book by Dennis Johnson
The book of Revelation is an unveiling, a vivid disclosure of invisible realities. Yet its bizarre imagery often leaves us puzzled. Dennis E. Johnson deftly guides us through questions about how to interpret Revelation, what it meant to its original … Learn MoreHardcover $25.00 $20.00 Add to Cart


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lots of love n respect.
that was amazing
how wonderful card ok thank you
i like your card
very nice card i like so much
birthday ecards is very very nice, i like it...
i really like this birthday ecard, it so romantic...
Send these beautiful flowers e-card wishing lots of love, smiles and blessings. . .
Send a fun filled birthday card to make your loved one's day even more special.
Cute and funny daisies singing happy birthday.
Happy birthday song!!
Send your sincere birthday wishes upon butterfly wings.
Happy Birthday Greeting from Minions ... Despicable Me and Despicable Me 2 ... Two...
Convey your birthday wishes with this lovely interactive e-card.
Send these beautiful flowers on birthday to make them feel special.
Send bubbles of wishes to someone special on his/ her birthday!
A fun birthday ecard song.
Give your loved ones a tight hug on their birthday with this lovely e-card.
Send a sparkling birthday wish to your dear ones.
Cute teddy gives you a hug exercise along with a birthday wish.
Send these beautiful birthday flowers ecard...
A warm birthday message for you to send to your loved ones.
Please wait...
Please wait...
Get a weekly dose of stories on friendship, love, misadventures and special offers. It's free, read it once and you're hooked!
Read the latest newsletter or Editor Bob's Blog


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Pleatco PLE-051-9158 - Jacuzzi CFR-25 In-Line 25 Sq Ft Filter Cartridge FC-1425
- Item#:
- Our Price:
- $23.99 Save: $8.00 (25%)
List Price: $31.99
**** These filters measure 13-1/4 inches in length. To ensure you are ordering the correct filters please measure your existing filters for a match.****
This replacement Jacuzzi hot tub filter cartridge is compatible with and fitsJacuzzi CFR-25 hot tubs and spas. These filters meet or exceed the original Artesian filters that came with your filter and are made from Reemay spun-bound polyester pleated filter media that features anti-microbial technology which prevents microbes such as mold, fungus, and bacteria from growing on your filters. This filter cartridge is a recommended replacement for Jacuzzi 42278200R, 42289108R and 5475000 Spa Filter Cartridges.
These replacement Jacuzzi hot tub filters are compatible with Jacuzzi part numbers CFR-25, 42278200R, 42289108R and 5475000, Filbur part number FC-1425, Unicel part number C-5625 and Pleatco part number PJ25-IN-4. These filters are also constructed with thermally bonded polyurethane caps and a punched PVC pipe core that will ensure consistent water flow through your filters along with the durability you depend on.
- Replaces Jacuzzi part number 42278200R
- Also replaces Jacuzzi part numbers 42289108R & 5475000
- Diameter: 5"
- Length: 13-1/4"
- Top Open Hole: 2-3/8"
- Bottom Open Hole: 2-3/8"
- Filter Area: 25 sq. feet
- Fits Jacuzzi In-Line 25 Sq Ft
- Filbur part number FC-1425
- Unicel part number C-5625
- Pleatco part numbers PJ25, PJ25-IN-4
- This is not an original Jacuzzi cartridge
To clean your filter cartridge remember these 4 simple steps; rinse, soak, rinse, dry. Rinse your filter out with a garden hose to remove any debris or dirt still attached to your filter. Next, soak your filter in a filter cleaner solution overnight, then remove your filter from the solution and rinse with a garden hose. Set your filter in a sunny location and let it air dry completely. Finally, reinstall your pool filter per your manufacturer's instructions.
100% Satisfaction Guarantee
We expect our customers to be 100% satisfied with the products we sell and the service we provide. If at any time in the next 30 days you are NOT 100% satisfied with your purchase, you may send your purchase back for a refund or store credit for the price paid for the merchandise (minus what you paid for shipping), or you may exchange it for another item in our store.


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If do you want to editing your "Cellular Data Network", you have to:
1- Install on Cydia => APN Editing
2- Settings => Reset => Reset Network Settings
3- If these two options did´t work, it´s because your sim card block the option "Cellular Data Network". So you have to do this:
a-Put a sim card that allow editing this data
b-Go to Settings => Network => Cellular Data Network
c-In the Cellular Data Network screen => Put your sim card => Back => Cellular Data Network again => Now you can edit these settings!
But probably if your sim card block the option, when you leave the Cellular Data Network, your sim card will update the informations again.


text:
Final Touch Finishing School, Inc. is the premier finishing school in the United States.
For over 20 years, Final Touch Finishing School has led the way in teaching women and men, girls and boys, how to move from informal to formal situations with ease.
Final Touch goes far beyond the strict rules of etiquette and offers a fresh approach to contemporary social skills and image management. We teach how best to evaluate each social and business circumstance and to respond with appropriate dress and behavior depending on a variety of cultural considerations. Final Touch focuses on using image as an effective communication tool to develop a personal and professional image brand.
Tune for a special radio interview with Deborah King on 94.1FM KMPS
MP3 (4.3MB - 10:46 min)
Please feel free to contact us for more information.
The Young Ladies & Gentlemen web-based training program will enhance your childs' skills in a fun and interactive manner! Learn more...
deborah king | schedule & events | etiquette products | corporate | ladies only | gentlemen only
children & teens | the correct fork | in the media | etiquette tips | testimonials
links & downloads | registration | contact us | home | privacy policy | refund policy
(206) 510-5357
"We reply to all messages within 48 hours. Please call us if you do not get a reply."


text:
New TextSecure delivers smoother encryption
TextSecure is a far cry from driving a multibillion-dollar buyout. But for people who care about having their SMS and instant messages protected from prying eyes, it's an app that just got easier to use and more secure.
The new Android version of TextSecure, announced Monday, still uses the TextSecure v2 protocol that debuted with its CyanogenMod integration last year. Open WhisperSystems' founder, a security researcher and developer who goes by the pseudonym Moxie Marlinspike, said that the partnership has helped his company.
"It's been great," he said. "Their userbase is enormous, and it's … Read more


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Cuban Cinema Gains Audiences in Arizona and Elsewhere
Filmmakers are working on new projects that are being shown outside the island.
Filmmakers are working on new projects that are being shown outside the island.
Early reccommendations for your Summer reading list from visitors to the 2014 Tucson Festival of Books.
Film writer Chris Dashiell explores the disparity between audience picks, critical picks, and what really wins at the Academy Awards.
Rebecca Eaton reflects on her 40-year career as producer of Masterpiece, including how Downton Abbey became her greatest success
Hear some wild rock & roll stories about the Arizona adventures of The Tubes, from founding members Fee Waybill and Prairie Prince
Novelist, essayist Edmund White visits Tucson, to discuss career, latest writings.
Have you ever wondered what multiple cellos and an alternative folk trio performing the music of pop composer Beck would sound like?
Singer, songwriter, and musician Emily Saliers discusses Indigo Girls' new symphonic tour, and what it takes to re-imagine their music with an orchestral backing
Her name may be a familiar one, but what does being an NPR librarian actually mean? Find out about her new book "Learn Something New Every Day: 365 Facts to Fulfill Your Life"
BOO!! Are you ready for a new trick-or-treat bag of seasonal goodies designed to frighten and delight? Then click bravely and prepare yourself for the chills!
A conversation with Donna Nordin, a Tucson chef who was briefly an assistant to Julia Child, about working alongside a legend.
Film reviewer Chris Dashiell looks back at a 1991 film with a diverse cast that presents an absurdist view of life in the Southwest.
Has one of the most famous instruments in rock & roll history been re-discovered almost 47 years after its controversial debut at the Newport Folk Festival?
A conversation with Tucson-based musician and composer Chris Black about the unique vision behind his latest work, an illustrated album of music for piano and percussion.
Pianist & cultural historian Richard Glazier shares stories about some of the great American popular composers of the 20th century, including the Gershwins and Irving Berlin.
Film reviewer Chris Dashiell looks at the 1948 movie and explains why it was actually a risky gamble for its studio, director, and star.
collection categories
[American Graduate] [Arizona] [Books] [Border] [Business] [Cannabis] [Civil Rights] [Copper] [Pima County] [Drugs] [Economy] [Education] [Election 2012] [Environment] [Fire] [Food] [Giffords Shooting] [Government] [Health] [History] [Music] [News] [Opinion] [Politics] [Science] [Sports] [Teachers' Voices] [Technology] [Tucson] [University] [U.S.]


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Great Rentals is part of HomeAway.com, the world's leading vacation rentals marketplace. Search over 170,000 vacation rentals properties now! Click here to see more Peterborough Vacation Rentals
Peterborough Vacation Rental Accommodations - Page 1 of 1
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Peterborough Peteridge at the Pond
4 BR/2 BA, 1 half bath
(sleeps 10)
$250/nt$1,500/wkper property, pets considered, wheelchair accessible, Beach, Lake, Jacuzzi, Lawn / Garden, Air Conditioning, Satellite / Cable, Television
Peterborough Casual Riverfront Cottage An Easy One Mile Walk To Downtown
(sleeps 4)
$735/wk$2,160/monthper property, River, Internet, Satellite / Cable, Television
Didn't find what you're looking for?
View all 31 Monadnock Region Vacation Rentals or all 1,900 New Hampshire Vacation Rentals


text:
• Eminem Brings Dido Onstage At Britain's Reading Festival
• Dido Had Secret Baby Over The Summer
• Eminem Defends His Pop Collaborations
• Dido Dedicates Song To Late Dad
• Dido Crowned Songwriter Of The Year In London
More News >>
Greatest Hits (Deluxe)
Greatest Hits
Girl Who Got Away (Deluxe)
Girl Who Got Away All Albums >>
More Songs >>
|Let Us Move On
On: Let Us Move On
|Buy Song
|White Flag
On: Life For Rent
|Buy Song
On: White Flag
|Buy Song
Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong (born 25 December 1971), known mononymously as Dido, is an English singer-songwriter. Following the sampling of her single "Thank You" on Eminem's 2000 hit, "Stan", Dido shot to worldwide success with her debut album, "No Angel" (1999). The album sold in excess of 21 million copies worldwide, and... Continue Bio >>
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|Send "Christmas Day" to your Cell
Popular Television:
2003 2nd Annual MTV Video Music Awards Latin America
2003 I Love the '80s Strikes Back
2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back
2001 2001 MTV Europe Music Awards
2000 Rock Across America
More Credits >>
Related Artists:
Moby Sarah McLachlan Jewel Enigma The Cranberries Sting Enya James Blunt Natalie Imbruglia Norah Jones
More >>
Browse More Music:


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One of the most confusing (and potentially most painful) aspects of AV is dealing with the charges to deliver, set up, and/or operate your equipment. What is reasonable? What is not? When should there be a service charge? Should it be taxed?
Labor charges versus service charges
It used to be that equipment setup was included in the rental fee. However, most hotels now charge either a setup fee or a service fee. You should get charged one or the other, not both. Whatever it's called, the fee is for the time it takes to set up your equipment and tear it down when you are done. (Equipment normally comes down in about a third of the time it took to set up.)
Set fee versus hourly charges
Often AV companies have a set fee based on an estimate of setup time — say $80 based on one staffer taking two hours at $40 per hour. I prefer to have labor charged by the hour. In the above example, if it takes the staff person only one hour, I am billed for only that. It might take three hours to set up four workshops, so I will be charged for the three hours ($120) — rather than a $40 setup fee for each workshop ($160). This is easy to negotiate, but should be done before the contract is signed.
Straight time versus overtime
Labor is a big part of AV costs, especially if you haven't blocked enough advance time to set up properly. I book the hotel ballroom at least 48 hours ahead of my first general session. This allows the crew adequate time to work primarily during the day to get everything set up and tested. They may log 12-hour days, but they're not pulling all-nighters, which cost extra. (And a tired crew can make mistakes.) Typical labor might run $40 per hour for regular work hours; $60 per hour for evenings, early mornings, or weekends; and $80 for holidays.
Union versus nonunion
Will you be required to use union labor? This affects your hourly rate, how long the crew can work without a break, and whether there is a minimum number of hours per job.
Should you be taxed?
In some states, service charges can be taxed. Often you can negotiate to have the service charge labeled a "voluntary gratuity," which may not be taxable.
AV Budget Trimmers
Schedule workshops that use the same equipment back-to-back in the same room.
Use the in-house AV company for breakouts and an outside firm for general sessions.
Ask your general session vendor for a "producer's discount" (15 percent to 20 percent) if you have a producer on your staff.
Sometimes a hotel wants to charge a percentage (often 20 percent) if you use an outside AV vendor. They claim that because their AV techs are called on in emergencies to assist your presenters anyway, the charge is justified. I have never had this happen to me, but I would not agree to it.
Your AV Site Inspection
Know your AV needs. I bring the list of equipment from my previous conference to share with the hotel.
Plan a brief meeting with the in-house AV manager, but also try to pay a surprise visit to the office. How neatly they keep their gear is an indication of their level of professionalism.
Ask what outside AV company they call when they need additional gear. I usually get one of my bids from this outside company.
Observe how well they are servicing groups currently in house.
Find out now what electrical power is going to cost — before signing the contract.
Get the names and phone numbers of the last two meeting planners with AV needs similar to yours — and call them.


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The Rock music genre is slipping, and Pop music has come to take it's place.
Thanks to artists such as Lady Gaga and Adele, the Pop Music genre has surpassed the Rock Music genre for sales in 2011. In 2011 alone, Lady Gaga brought in an astounding $90 million in earnings, and Adele has covered the billboards with hit albums 21 at #1 and 19 at #4. Big hitting album sales such as this have pushed Pop music forward in the charts covering one third of the market (33.6%), up almost 3% from 2010 performance. Continue reading Pop Blowing Rock Out of the Water in Britain »