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read reviews [8]
Serves 4
There are two tricks to this recipe: browning the veal shanks before they go into the slow cooker and reducing the sauce before serving. The result is an osso buco you'd be hard-pressed to distinguish from the labor-intensive classic (trust us).
Put the flour in a wide, shallow dish. Season the veal shanks all over with salt and pepper and dredge in the flour; shake off the excess flour.
Heat a 12-inch skillet over medium heat. Add the butter, and when it foams, add the shanks to the skillet. Cook until golden, turning once, about 10 minutes. Transfer the shanks to a slow cooker.
Add the wine to the skillet. Scrape up any browned bits from the bottom of the skillet and pour the contents of the skillet into the slow cooker. Add the tomatoes and their juices, chicken broth, onion, carrot, celery, and thyme. Cover and cook on low heat for 6 to 8 hours—the meat will be very tender and almost falling off the bone.
Transfer the shanks to a platter and cover with foil to keep warm. Pour the sauce from the slow cooker into a large skillet. Simmer over medium heat until reduced to about 2 cups, 10 to 15 minutes. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Meanwhile, in a small bowl, combine the parsley, lemon zest, and garlic to make a gremolata. Serve the veal shanks topped with the sauce and the gremolata.
Make the entire meal a classic: Serve with Risotto alla Milanese (Risotto with Parmesan & Saffron).
nutrition information (per serving):
Fat Calories
Saturated Fat
Monounsaturated Fat
Polyunsaturated Fat
Photo: Scott Phillips
by user-3208333,
2/11/2014Excellent. ..delicious and easy! Dont forget to dig out that yummy marrow while eating. Ingredients (save the obvious protein) are common things on hand so no need for too much planning ahead or budget breaking. As stated previously the reducing sauce portion a little unclear...I did not strain...husband says he would have (I'm very much a novice...he's a chef by trade) however I enjoyed the chunky veggies. So...I suppose it's up to the chef. Served with a pasta putenesca which was tasty and on hand but may choose another side next time...and there will be a next time.
by LABR,
5/16/2012Great recipe, the thickening of the sauce at the end was a perfect tip. The only suggestion I would make is to sautee the onions before adding them to the slow cooker. Otherwise, a delicious meal. Thank you for making our tummies happy!
by Cinj,
2/24/2012Very easy, and delicious. I served this with saffron risotto and roasted Brussels sprouts...yum!!!!!
I agree with the poster who said to tie the shanks. I didn't and wish I had. The gremolata was fabulous
by Dnailbiter,
10/29/2011This was AMAZING. Tasted just I remembered when visiting a great Restaurant in the City. My suggestion would be to tie up the Shanks with kitchen string because the tenderness of this crockpot method meat will fall off bone and the plate presentation won't be as wanted!
The Gremolata that is placed ontop for garnish just makes the flavor thru and thru. That first bite was Totally ORGASMIC!! WOW!! 5 STAR Rating from me!!
BTW I made Gremolata Potatoes to go with and the recipe is below.. ENJOY
Gremolata Potatoes
Serves 4
1/3 cup olive oil
2 tablespoons coarsely chopped flat-leaf parsley
1/2 teaspoon chopped fresh thyme
1 teaspoon chopped fresh rosemary
2 teaspoons finely grated lemon zest
1/2 teaspoon finely grated orange zest
1/2 teaspoon minced garlic
1/4 teaspoon red pepper flakes
5 medium Yukon gold potatoes (about 1 1/4 pounds), rinsed and dried
Sea salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste.
1. Whisk together 1/3 cup olive oil and the parsley, thyme, rosemary, zests, garlic and red pepper. Set aside for at least a half-hour.
2. Preheat the oven to 450 degrees. Cut each potato into 6 to 8 wedges. Toss the potatoes with the gremolata, and add salt to taste. Spread the wedges out on a rimmed baking sheet, and bake for 20 minutes. Pull out the sheet, flip the potatoes with a spatula, and then continue roasting them for another 20 to 25 minutes. Serve hot.
by 0813carol,
2/11/2011I used the ingredient portion of the recipe but didn't use a slow cooker to prevent the shanks from falling apart. Instead I cooked the shanks and the sauce together in a Dutch oven, then removed the shanks when I thought they were nearly cooked and continued to deepen the flavor of the sauce ingredients. Toward the end I returned the shanks to the Dutch oven and kept everything warm in a slow (225 degree) oven. They were utterly delicious served over a Parmesan/Saffron Risotto - also on this website - and were loved by all my guests.
by misszanone,
1/28/2011Great recipe! I usually don't follow any thing to a T, and didn't really measure each veggie, but since I cook a lot this was no big deal. I will say that when pouring "the sauce from the the slow cooker into a large skillet" the recipe doesn't really clarify for a novice home chef. I poured mine thru a strainer, then mashed the cooked vegs a bit to get every bit of juice out. This makes for a nice sauce to reduce. Served mine over polenta and YUM YUM YUM!!!! First time I made Osso Buco in a crock pot and will definitely do it again! As my sweetie said, "put this one in the repertoire!" Thanks for sharing a fantastic version of a classic!!
by PantyRemovingChef,
5/9/2010EXCELLENT broth, outstanding gremolata! However, all crockpots are different...cooked for 7.5 hours and had to turn to high before meat flaked off the bone. Also made three changes- ALL Italians cook with garlic so I added crushed garlic to the simmer as well as four whole clove, and three bay leaves. Additionally, I cored out half the marrow and replaced it with anchovie paste and set them paste side down when reducing the broth and served it with Orzo - PRIMO!
by boopietta,
2/15/2010This recipe was easy and delicious. We ate it with polenta. Only comment/complaint was that our veal shanks had a lot of bone in them, and we only got about 2 1/2 to 3 servings, not the four servings the recipe said. Would make it again. It certainly beats paying $20 plus for one serving in a restaurant!
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150 Gravois Bluffs Circle, Fenton
Great food! Love that they have so many different flavors of buffalo sauces to choose from!
1005 Majestic Dr, Fenton
Friday night Karaoke is fun, good bands and dancing, the food is good but with large portions. The cigarette smoke is thick but if you don't mind that or have smokers in your party…
701 Rudder Rd, Fenton
The food at this place is great. The salad was big enough to feed a small country and my boyfriend loved the potato skins. Great food at a great price.
711 Gravois Rd, Fenton
In ShortFestive decor of colorfully tiled tables, vintage photographs and sunny Southwestern accents welcomes an all-ages crowd at this informal hangout. Youngsters and their…
800 S Hwy Dr, Fenton
I enjoy this place. Nice and spacious so its not wall to wall people and you can actually breath. I think they have singles, dancing, and other types of events and bands there…
950 S Highway Dr, Fenton
I resently was searching sports bars for a friendly place to watch my team the Pittsburg Steelers. Its often hard to find a Sports Bar to watch my team without worrying about the…
2280 S Old Hwy 141, Fenton
Good place to eat. Good variety on menu. Gorgeous bartender. Nice clean place. Different activities on different days.... Darts, horseshoes, washers, karaoke, wii bowling, bands,…
1165 Gravois Rd Ste 100, Fenton
the food is good for a good price
1667 S Old Hwy 141, Fenton
673 Gravois Bluffs Blvd, Fenton

subset: commoncrawl


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The No. 5 Virginia field hockey team shut out Yale, 4-0, to win its seventh game in a row. Taylor Brown scored her first career goal in the victory.
The Cavaliers dominated the game, with Yale pinned back on defense almost the entire contest. The Bulldogs did not get off a shot until the final two minutes of the game, an off-target attempt that went far wide of the net.
"We knew that we needed to start working on having the whole team play defense and that is what it came down to," said head coach Michele Madison of her team's defensive stand. "The first two lines of the press were able to slide and get pressure on and take away their options that were one pass away."
Offensively, it was once again forward Paige Selenski who got the scoring started. Selenski inserted the ball from a penalty corner and then worked her way to the front of the goal where she took a pass from Elly Buckley and whipped a clean shot into the goal six minutes into the game. Selenski would add a second goal, the Cavaliers' fourth of the game, with less than six minutes remaining in the contest. Off another penalty corner, Jess Orrett came up with a loose ball in front of the goal, passing it to Selenksi at the corner of the net who smacked it in for the score.
Three of Virginia's four goals came off penalty corners with the Cavaliers being awarded 16 of them in the game.
"We had an opportunity to practice all of our penalty corner options," Madison said. "I think we went through the whole gamut. Yale did a great job of reading our options and covered well."
Taylor Brown also scored off a penalty corner in the first half. After a shot from the initial insertion, Brown came up with the rebound in front of the net. She took two shots at the goal, with her second getting around the goalkeeper to give Brown the first goal of her career.
Buckley scored Virginia's other goal, taking a rebound and dribbling it up to the top of the circle and firing off an on-target shot.
The Cavaliers took 27 shots in the game, with Yale's Emily Cain getting six saves. The Yale defense helped Cain's cause with 11 blocked shots that never made it to the goal.
Selenski's goals moved her four points closer to becoming Virginia's all-time points leader. She now has 221 career points, nine points away from tying Meredith Thorpe (1995-98) for the record of 230. Selenski is also eight goals shy of the Thorpe's record of 101 in her career. Selenski's game-winning goal was her fifth of the season. She is now tied for second with 26 game-winners in hercareer, three shy of the 29 scored by Cindy Carzo (1976-79).
With the victory, the Cavaliers improve to 12-2 (2-0 ACC). Yale falls to 3-7 (1-2 Ivy).
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Gold Makes a Comeback Amid Deflationary Worries
NEW YORK ( MainStreet) Investing in gold stocks and gold ETFs is a strategy used to protect against inflation, and the pull of the metal is strengthening its attraction to investors.
"Gold equities in general are very cheap right now as many have come by down 50% this year alone," Matthew Michael, an emerging market debt and commodities product manager at Schroders Investment Management in London. "We are investing in them for the future."
Among the gold holdings at Schroders are Rand Gold, Alamos, Franco Nevada and Source Gold ETF for physical gold exposure.
"We favor the mid-cap sector for gold stocks rather than large caps some of whom have diversified into other metals to diversify their revenues," said Michael at Schroders' International Media Conference in London last week.
The Federal Reserve began to keep the short-term federal funds rate at a range of zero to 0.25% since late 2008, according to RateWatch, to help stimulate the market and ultimately reduce the risk of deflation.
"The Fed and major central banks drastically fear a deflationary spiral and are willing to take risk on the other side because they believe they can fight inflation should they ever create it," said Matt Toms, chartered financial analyst and managing director of public fixed income with ING Investment Management. "They fear deflation more than inflation because they can't go below 0 with interest rates or other tools."
The treasury has lagged the S&P 500 by 20% in 2013, and according to Morningstar, the treasury rates have a 10-yr yield of 2.73%. While rising interest rates and the uncertainty around interest rates increases volatility, the ultimate cost of quantitative easing (QE) remains unknown.
"It's the acceleration of volatility while QE is unwound that would not be warmly received by markets because it may increase market volatility and higher volatility makes investors demand higher risk premiums," said Derek Sasveld, chartered financial analyst and head of asset allocation with ING at the firm's annual year end press briefing.
Although initially announced in September, tapering of QE has been delayed.
"As for tapering, there's a link between very low interest rates and a fall in productivity gain in the future which can lead to a lack of high inflation coming through," said Azad Zangana, a Schroders European economist.
Schroders outlook for 2014 is that interest rates and growth will dominate.
"We believe interest rates will not run out of control because valuation is relatively fair or not far from being fair, recovery is sensitive to low interest rates and we are closer to deflation than hyper inflation which gives central banks more room to maneuver," said Aymeric Forest, a multi-asset fund manager with Schroders.
In the meantime, due to fears of a deflationary spiral major central banks have looked to risk.


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Updated for:
Friday, April 25, 2014 1:01 AM
Published on: Thursday, September 19, 2013
By Jake Brodsky
FREDERICK - The Avalon Black Knights found their ground game for the first time this season Friday as they defeated the Maryland School for the Deaf Orioles 42-0 in a Capital Area Football Conference clash.
The Black Knights, who entered as the favorites despite sporting a winless (0-2) record and playing on the road, got off to a strong start against the (2-1) Orioles scoring on a touchdown run by senior Isaac Boyd to go up 6-0 four minutes into the first quarter. The Avalon defense then came up with a quick stop allowing them to execute a second consecutive scoring drive culminating in a 39-yard touchdown rush by junior Khamari Williams and a successful 2 point conversion by senior quarterback Wyatt Karem when he found tight end Mike Herbert in the end zone on a seam route pass which put the Knights up 14-0.
Just before the end of the first quarter the Black Knights forced and recovered a fumble on the Orioles' 15-yard-line which led to yet another scoring drive for Avalon. The Knights offense stalled in the second quarter as it was hampered by penalties and the game would go to halftime with a score of Avalon 20 MSD 0.
Coming out of halftime Karem found his rhythm early and connected with Herbert for a 27-yard strike and then caught Boyd on a whip route as Avalon increased their lead to 34-0. Midway through the third quarter the Black Knights began subbing in younger players giving them valuable experience for later in the season. The Black Knights scored one final time on a run by Williams to push the final score to 42-0. Boyd and Williams carried the load offensively with 167 yards rushing with four touchdowns and 158 yards with two touchdowns respectively. Karem ended up with 57 yards passing and one TD pass.
While the offense looked shaky at times the defense was a constant factor in the win. "On defense we executed we made sure tackles and we made the plays we needed to make. We just came out to play," Boyd said.
The win was the team's first, and Avalon's head coach said it should help give the Black Knights some confidence heading into next week. "It's nice to get a win but we have to improve because our schedule's only gonna get tougher," head coach Tad Shields said.


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CD/LP/Track Review
Bruce Arnold & Mike Miller: Two Guys from South Dakota (2005)
As they alternate melodic and rhythm roles, the two guitarists swing lightly and maintain a close-knit groove. Their lyrical caresses reveal a coolness in their passion, as each picks his instrument delicately. Crisp and clear, their interwoven phrases move casually through a gentle landscape.
The album's liner notes do not reveal which is which. One guitarist moves with a forward, vibrant force and more passion, while the other prefers a cooler, laid-back approach. Both prefer improvisation that is challenging and musically accurate. They remain positioned on the left and the right throughout their session.
Old friends from Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Arnold and Miller have both moved on to successful professional careers with the guitar. This takes them on separate paths, and travel is always on the horizon. Their reunion offers the listener a relaxed outing that is both well conceived and enjoyable.
Track Listing: Billie's Bounce; All the Things You Are; Giant Steps; Time Remembered; Invitation; Alone Together
Personnel: Bruce Arnold (guitar) Mike Miller (guitar)
Record Label: Muse Eek
Style: Straight-ahead/Mainstream


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4424 Market St, Philadelphia, PA | Directions 1910439.957991 -75.210420
Neighborhoods: West Powelton, West Philadelphia
Wonderful veterinary care. – Dr. Littlejohn & his loyal assistants offer patient, consistent, caring service to my Akita--who can be a handful---& to all my previous pets I've had treated @ his hospital. He also offers senior citizen rates which are a great budget consideration. If in need of emergency vet care while travelling, i've found that few have senior citizen pricing, & all have been far more expensive. I'll happily stick w/O'neal & Dr Littlejohn.
taking issue with denise robinson – I have taken my pets to Dr. Littlejohn for decades. He trained at the University of Pennsylvania and is a dedicated and skilled practitioner with good diagnostic instincts. He has a wonderful way with animals. He knew immediately that the swelling on my dog's leg was suspicious, performed a biopsy and followed up with surgery to remove a mast cell tumor. He has a good working relationship with his alma mater, referring patients there for specialty care. Anyone practicing within the immediate vicinity of one of the premiere animal hospitals in the country never has to feel guilty about turning a client away because state-of-the-art medical care is available 24/7 right down the street.
The staff at O'Neal have all been there for years and they work as a team to provide personalized service to their clients. I've even gotten calls in the evening or on weekends when I was experiencing stressful events in the lives of my animals. They really care. In addition, Dr. Littljohn participates in community events like "Bark in the Park" so he has a presence that extends beyond the doors of his hospital.
Very good with my pugs! – I highly recommend the Oneal Animal Hospital. I have never taken my 3 pugs anywhere else because I dont feel that I need to and have read horror stories about other places in the city. The staff is very loving and caring towards my pugs and they make them and me feel comfortable. The environment is very homestyled and you can tell that they put their money into caring for the animals not fancy over priced furniture. The doctors are very nice and explain everything to you.
I originally started taking my pugs there when I lived around the corner from the hospital, but even after I moved into the Rittenhouse area, I continue to take them there because they are so good to my animals and the price is reasonable.
Great Vet, a little pricey – I have been going to this vet office for a few years now, and I really love it. Everyone there, including patients, are very nice and friendly. I am never left waiting too long in the waiting room. The doctor is very good with my pet. My only complaints is that they don't have later hours on the weekends (only 9am to noon on Saturdays) or later hours on the weekdays (close at 5pm). It makes it hard to come out there since I work 9-5pm. My other complaint is the vet visit is a little pricey for me, but based on some other vets I have been to, it's worth the price. Most vet offices in Philly are very dirty and shady. And I have never had a problem with the doctor pushing his meds on me. I just went there a few weeks ago and he offered me this flea stuff and said I can just as easily get it elsewhere and maybe for cheaper.
Best Medical Service for Pets!!! – Great Experience !!!! Great Animal Hospital !!!!! Highly Recommend this Animal Hospital. I recently had a medical emergency for an English Mastiff . Our animal was very ill and the emergency care restored our dog to good health. In addition, Dr. littlejohn gave us advice on prevention of Lynes exposure again.
Avoid at all costs – I would not recommend Dr. Littlejohn to anyone. After using him for a few months without incident, we suddenly found ourselves out of Heartgard a week before our golden retriever was due for her next dose. I called O'Neal requesting to come by and pick up more, and was told they were out of it for our dog's size. I considered the alternatives and eventually asked Dr. Littlejohn to write us a script to order from an online pharmacy (a legitimate one, not one of the shady ones where you can just order with no prescription). Dr. Littlejohn took offense and basically told me that him having to call the prescription in was a waste of his time. He then hung up on me.
I honestly have never been treated with such disrespect in my entire life. I can understand that the doctor would prefer it if we purchased directly from him. However, when you are out of a medication and it is necessary, common practice is to enable your patient to obtain it elsewhere. In acting how he did, Dr. Littlejohn basically told me that he doesn't care about our dog, only about making money. We will never return to O'Neal Animal Hospital.
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Browse and shop from online Ovens & Cooktops stores that deliver to Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, Dunedin, Nelson and NZ nationwide. PriceMe enables you to buy Ovens & Cooktops at the lowest possible price. Compare prices and find deals and discounts from New Zealand's top rated online Ovens & Cooktops stores. Read Ovens & Cooktops reviews by consumers and expert reviews from New Zealand and around the globe. Find helpful Ovens & Cooktop retailer reviews. Search for shops selling cheap Ovens & Cooktops by top brands, such as Fisher & Paykel, Parmco and Westinghouse. PriceMe has a broad range of Ovens & Cooktop models and brands. Filter your selection by brand, price, and attributes. You can also search within the search results. PriceMe.co.nz is a New Zealand shopping comparison site for online shoppers that finds bargains, products and Ovens & Cooktops deals.
Product reviews are written by online consumers or retrieved from external reviews websites. These reviews do not reflect our opinions and PriceMe takes no responsibility for the content of these reviews. Ovens & Cooktops prices are provided by the retailers and PriceMe is not responsible for any pricing errors.
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MOUNT VERNON On Saturday, the Mount Vernon Fire Department will collect toys for the Marines Toys for Tots Foundation.
Firefighters and paramedics ask that individuals stop by the main fire station, 200 W. Gambier St., between 10 a.m. and noon to drop off monetary donations or new, unwrapped toys. All donations stay within Knox County and benefit individual families with financial difficulties as well as local organizations such as Interchurch Social Services and The Salvation Army.
The Toys for Tots program collects Christmas gifts for children of all ages from newborns to 16 years old. Fire Chief Chris Menapace explained that this years need is greater than ever, Though economic times are affecting everyone. This year we are asking for the support of the community to help give toys to Knox Countys needy children. It you are out and about this Saturday, please think of the less fortunate and stop by our department to make your donation.
For more information, visit knox-county-oh.toysfortots.org. This website contains all of the collection points as well as online contribution options and toy request forms for families needing assistance this holiday season.
Published on November 30, 2011


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A Quick Guide for New Employers
Congratulations on starting your new Missouri business. This page can help you get started with the basics of the unemployment insurance program.
Steps to follow:
- 1. Register your business.
- The Division of Employment Security (DES) operates a co-registration website with the Missouri Department of Revenue. Using this site makes starting your business easier because you can register for multiple employer taxes at once:
- Unemployment Insurance Tax
- Withholding Tax
- Corporate Income/Franchise Tax
- Sales Tax
- Vendor's Use Tax
- Consumer's Tax
- When you register, DES staff will determine if you are liable to pay unemployment tax.
- Related Links: Register Online, Learn more about Liability
- Or, if you prefer not to register online, you can use our paper form.
- Also, try visiting the Missouri Business Portal, your single point of entry for business registration, filings, licenses, and permits for doing business in the State of Missouri. Information is provided about how to research, start, and register your business, ongoing requirements of various agencies and resources available.
- 2. File Quarterly Reports.
- If you are determined liable for unemployment tax, you will need to file a "Contribution and Wage Report" at the end of each quarter. You can use the paper form that the DES mails out, or you can file online with our USTAR system.
- Related Links: File Online, Learn more about what to report, Learn more about filing reports
- 3. Lower Your Tax Rate.
- A new employer receives an assigned beginning tax rate based on its industrial classification. After two full calendar years of contributions, you become eligible for an "experience rate," which will rise and fall based on taxes paid in, benefits paid out, and your average annual taxable payroll. The law includes a merit or experience rating provision as an incentive for employers to maintain stable employment, review claims and reduce unemployment. Under current law an employer that has 15 percent of their average annual taxable payroll in their experience account are assigned a zero contribution (tax) rate.
- Related Links: Learn more about tax rates
Information about Federal Unemployment Tax:
- The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issues federal employer identification numbers (FEIN). Application may be made online at http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=102767,00.html OR you can request form SS-4 (FEIN application) and instructions by calling the IRS at 1-800-TAX-FORM (1-800-829-3676).
The IRS also provides information on the Internet about who must have a FEIN and how to get one. See the IRS website for other helpful employer tax information.
- The reporting requirements of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) are similar to those of Missouri unemployment tax, but are not identical. Federal unemployment tax is administered by the IRS. Contact them for information on your liabilities for federal unemployment tax.
The IRS provides information on the Internet about federal unemployment tax. You can contact the IRS by phone for publications and forms at 1-800-TAX-FORM (1-800-829-3676). Some useful publications for business owners are:
Related Links: Learn more about FUTA


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Previous Topic
Can laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer be prevented?
How are laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers found?
Screening refers to testing for diseases like cancer in people without any symptoms. Screening tests may find some types of cancer early, when treatment is most likely to work best. But for now there is no simple screening test for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
Still, many of these cancers can be found early — when they are small and have not spread. They often cause symptoms, such as voice changes, which are described below.
Signs and symptoms of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer
Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are usually found because of signs or symptoms a person is having. Tests will be needed to confirm whether cancer is causing the symptoms.
Hoarseness or voice changes
Laryngeal cancers that form on the vocal cords (glottis) often cause hoarseness or a change in the voice. This can lead to the cancer being found at a very early stage. People who have voice changes (like hoarseness) that do not get better within 2 weeks should see their doctor right away.
For cancers that don't start on the vocal cords, hoarseness occurs only after these cancers reach a later stage or have spread to the vocal cords.
Other symptoms
Cancers that start above or below the vocal cords are often found at later stages and may cause other problems.
Talk to your doctor if you have any of these symptoms:
- Sore throat that doesn't go away
- Constant coughing
- Pain when swallowing
- Trouble swallowing
- Ear pain
- Trouble breathing
- Weight loss
- Lump or mass in the neck
Many of these symptoms are more likely to be caused by something other than laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. Still, if you have any of these symptoms, it is very important to have them checked by a doctor.
Exams to look for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer
History and physical exam
If there is any reason to suspect cancer, the first step is for the doctor to gather facts about your health, symptoms, risk factors, and family history. You will then have a physical exam. Your doctor will look closely for abnormal areas in your mouth or throat, as well as enlarged lymph nodes in your neck.
Head and neck exam
If you might have cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx, your doctor will refer you to an expert in diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (called an ENT doctor, an otolaryngologist, or a head and neck surgeon). You will need to have a careful exam of your mouth, head, and neck area by the ENT doctor. The larynx and hypopharynx are deep inside the neck and cannot be seen on a regular exam. The doctor will look at these areas with mirrors or a special fiber optic scope. This thin, flexible, lighted tube will be put through your mouth or nose and moved down to your throat. It helps the doctor to see these areas. The doctor may spray the back of your throat with numbing medicine to help make the exam easier.
If the doctor suspects you have cancer in the head and neck he or she will do a complete exam of this area. This exam is done in the operating room after you are given drugs to make you sleep (general anesthesia). The surgeon looks at the entire area through different scopes and may take samples of tissue (biopsies) to be looked at under a microscope. Biopsy is discussed below.
Biopsies for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers
A biopsy is a test that involves taking a sample of tissue to see if it contains cancer cells. It is the only sure way to know that a growth is cancer. Some biopsies are done in the operating room with the patient asleep. Others can be done in the doctor's office.
Endoscopic biopsy
The larynx and hypopharynx are found deep inside the neck, so biopsies of these places are not done in the doctor's office. They are done in the operating room while you are under general anesthesia (asleep). The surgeon uses special instruments through the scope to remove small tissue samples.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy
FNA is not used to biopsy the larynx or hypopharynx. But it may be done to find the cause of an enlarged lymph node in the neck. For this type of biopsy, a thin (fine) needle is placed into the tumor to remove cells. The cells are looked at under a microscope to see whether the swelling is caused by something like an infection, or if it is cancer.
FNA may also be used in patients whose cancer has been treated by surgery or radiation, to help find out if a neck mass in the treated area is scar tissue or if it is a return (recurrence) of the cancer.
Imaging tests
Imaging tests may be useful in finding a tumor or in figuring out how far a cancer has spread.
CT (computed tomography) scan
These scans (also call CAT scans) use x-rays to take a series of pictures of the body from many angles. A computer combines the pictures to form a detailed image. This test can help your doctor learn the size of the tumor and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes, to other nearby areas, or to the lungs.
A CT scanner has been described as a large donut, with a narrow table in the middle "hole." You will need to lie still on the table while the scan is being done. CT scans take longer than regular x-rays, and you might feel a bit confined by the ring while the pictures are being taken.
You may also have an IV (intravenous) line through which a contrast "dye" is injected. You may be asked to drink 1 to 2 pints of a liquid called "oral contrast" before any pictures are taken. This helps outline your organs so that they are not mistaken for tumors.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
Like a CT scan, an MRI displays a detailed cross-sectional picture of the body. But the MRI uses radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. MRI scans take longer than CT scans — often up to an hour. Also, you are placed in a narrow tube which can upset some people. Newer, open MRI machines can help with this, if needed. A contrast dye might be injected just as with CT scans.
MRI scans are very useful to look for spread of cancer in the neck. They are sometimes more helpful than CT scans for other places in the body, too.
Barium swallow
This is a series of x-rays taken while you swallow a liquid with barium in it. Barium coats the inside surface of the throat and helps create a good picture. This test helps to see how your throat looks as you swallow. This is often the first test done if someone is having a problem with swallowing.
Chest x-ray
A chest x-ray may be done to see if the cancer has spread to the lungs. If anything not normal is seen on the chest x-ray, a CT scan of the chest may be needed to get a more detailed picture.
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
PET scans use a slightly radioactive form of sugar. The sugar is injected into a vein and after a certain amount of time cancer cells in the body absorb large amounts of the sugar. A special camera can then find where the sugar has collected.
Your doctor can use this test to see whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other places. It can also be used to help tell if abnormal area seen on another imaging test is cancer or not. Newer machines combine CT and PET scans to even better pinpoint the tumor.
Other tests
Other types of tests may be done as part of a workup if a person has laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. These tests are not used to find the cancer, but they may be done to see if a person is healthy enough for other treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy (chemo).
Blood may be drawn to check liver and kidney function, as well as to help find out about your overall health before treatment. Blood tests are also needed if you are getting chemo because chemo can affect the levels of blood cells in the body.
If surgery is planned, you might also have an electrocardiogram (EKG) to make sure your heart is working well. Some people having surgery also may need tests of their lung function. These are known as pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
Last Medical Review: 01/22/2013
Last Revised: 01/22/2013


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Live Messenger 2011 errornjalk 08/01/2011
So, I use MSN Live Messenger a lot at work, and everything works ok there. I also use MSN Live Messenger 2011 on my laptop at home. A few months ago I got a new laptop and and installed Live Messenger on it. Everything worked just the way it was supposed to. Then suddenly, I… Continue Reading »


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Profilo | Kyle Mathis
- Kyle Mathis
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I have loved costumes since I was old enough to trick or treat. Even as a kid I liked to make costumes out of whatever I could find. I began cosplay-ing in 2007, and have continued to learn new things with each costume along the way. It's been a wonderful part of my life ^___^
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150 Years Ago Today…
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Daily Archives: 21 Mar '12
21 March 1862: You wrote to me to know if I wanted any thing to write for it I do not want any thing but a pair of shoes
Item Description: Letter of 21 March 1862, from Richard Godwin Joyner to his mother, Julia Joyner. This brief and slight letter home is meant to reassure his family that all was well and to request a better pair of shoes. … Continue reading
Posted in Southern Historical Collection Tagged camp life, Goldsboro, Gunboats, Jenner Pearce, Joyner Family, Julia Joyner, Leondus Spencer, Richard Godwin Joyner, slavery Comments Off


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FRED EGGAN, WHO DIED in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on May 7, 1991, in his eighty-fourth year, was universally recognized as one of the great anthropologists of the twentieth century. His pivotal contribution to anthropological science during his long, productive life consisted of a creative synthesis of American historical ethnology with the structural-functional approach of British social anthropology, especially in a series of rigorous, comparative studies of the kinship and social systems of Native Americans in the Southwest and on the Plains. In addition, he made notable contributions to our knowledge of the cultures of tribal groups in the northern Philippines.1
Fred Eggan was born in Seattle, Washington, on September 12, 1906, one of two children (the other a younger sister) of Alfred Julius Eggan and Olive M. Smith. His father was born into a large family in Rushford, Minnesota, a small working-class Norwegian-American community. He was a bright, restless boy who loved adventure and travel to faraway places. At the age of fifteen he enlisted in the U.S. Navy for a ten-year stint. After his discharge, Alfred tried a number of unsuccessful business ventures and eventually moved to Illinois, where he joined the U.S. Merchant Marine and became a petty officer serving in the engineering department of ships sailing through the Great Lakes.
Fred's mother, Olive M. Smith, of old Yankee stock, was born in Armenia, New York, where her father was a successful middle-class businessman. Olive was a well-disciplined schoolteacher who taught her cherished son to work hard and to love books.
By the time Fred was in the eighth grade, the family had moved three times--from Seattle, to Vancouver, to Rushford, to Lake Forest, a well-to-do suburb of Chicago, where they lived on the wrong side of the tracks. Fred's love of books was further enhanced when, at the age of twelve, he contracted a serious case of typhoid fever and was not permitted to attend school for a year. He promptly discovered the public library, where he happily spent most of the year.
Fred later graduated from the Deerfield Township High School, excelling in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in 1923, and in 1924 his parents moved again to an apartment near the university, which they occupied during Fred's undergraduate and graduate years. The family was forced to make many sacrifices to send their two children to college. Both children lived at home until they completed their graduate work, and their mother took in boarders to supplement their income.
After first contemplating a degree in business administration (in which he attended classes with James B. Griffin), young Eggan shifted to psychology as a major. But during his college days he was also exposed to geography courses, which intensified his interest in faraway places and peoples, and he stumbled by chance into an anthropology course on "Peoples and Races" taught by the newly appointed head of the department, Fay-Cooper Cole, who had been trained by Franz Boas at Columbia. As Eggan remembered in retrospect, "Cole was a dynamic and inspiring lecturer whose enthusiasm for the subject was contagious" and this course launched him on lifelong involvement with anthropology (Eggan, 1974, p. 5).
While still an undergraduate, Eggan and his classmate, Cornelius Osgood, were invited by Fay-Cooper Cole to join a graduate seminar on India taught jointly by Cole and Edward Sapir, who had been brought to the university in 1925. The two undergraduates were excited by being allowed to attend the seminar, until the topics were assigned. Eggan reported:
We protested we were neophytes, with only two or three weeks of introductory anthropology, but the faculty decreed it to be a "working seminar." I was given the topic, "The Caste System of India," and disappeared into the stacks for a month where I read all the reports on caste in the census volumes and other tomes. I survived the experience and produced a paper, but I have been happy to leave the caste system to others ever since. (Eggan, 1974, p. 6)
Even though Eggan did a year of graduate work in psychology and wrote a master's thesis in 1928, titled "An Experimental Study of Attitudes Toward Race and Nationality," under the supervision of the eminent psychometrician, L. L. Thorndike, he had already decided he wanted to be an anthropologist. Unfortunately, there was little support for graduate work, especially for a student changing fields, so he took a teaching post for two years at Wentworth Junior College and Military Academy in Lexington, Missouri, where he was assigned courses in psychology, sociology, and history and saved enough money to return to graduate work in anthropology in the summer of 1930.
By this time Fay-Cooper Cole had added Robert Redfield, who had just returned from his field study of Tepoztlan, Mexico, to the staff as an instructor and had moved to establish a separate department of anthropology. While Cole taught physical anthropology and archeology, Sapir covered linguistics and ethnology, with excursions into culture and personality, and Redfield offered courses in folk culture and peasant society. Cole also organized field expeditions to survey and dig archeological sites in Illinois, and Fred Eggan spent several summers excavating Indian mounds and village sites in the Middle West. He later participated in the archeological Awatovi Expedition of Professor J. O. Brew in Hopi country in the summers of 1939 and 1940. These early interests in archeology are reflected in his article, "The Ethnological Cultures and Their Archaeological Backgrounds" (1952), as well as in much of his other work on North American cultures. During this same period, Eggan also took courses at Chicago with visiting professor Leslie Spier, who first sparked his interest in kinship and Southwestern ethnology.
In 1931 there occurred an even more momentous happening in the career of Fred Eggan. Fay-Cooper Cole recruited A. R. Radcliffe-Brown to replace Edward Sapir, who left Chicago to become Sterling Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics at Yale. Eggan attended Radcliffe-Brown's course on family, kin, and clan and was stimulated by the erudition and fresh theoretical orientation he brought to the department. Radcliffe-Brown vigorously attacked the ethnological work done by American anthropologists and advocated the synchronic study of social structures as functioning wholes. He also contended that a comparison of these structures could provide a set of principles of organization comparable to the principles discovered by biologists for the organization and functioning of organisms. R-B (as he was called by his colleagues) arrived at Chicago with a program for reanalyzing the social structures of the American Indian in the manner he had developed in his research with the Australian aboriginals. Eggan became R-B's research assistant, with the task of reviewing publications on the American Indian and writing summaries of what was known and what needed to be done (Fogelson, 1979, pp. 163-64).
In the summer of 1932 Eggan was selected for a Laboratory of Anthropology (Santa Fe) fellowship for field training in ethnology, and he joined Edward Kennard (Columbia), Mischa Titiev (Harvard), Jess Spirer (Yale), and Georges Devereaux (France) in a field party that spent the summer among the Hopi under the direction of Leslie White. The experience was formative for Eggan, who subsequently had a lifelong association with the Hopi, during which he revolutionized our understanding of their social organization. Fred was now fully committed to social anthropology and clearly perceived the need for new theory to illuminate Boasian empiricism (Fenton, 1992, p. 434).
The Hopi research led to a Ph.D. dissertation on the social organization of the Western Pueblos (Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, and Laguna), which Eggan completed in 1933, later revising and publishing it (Eggan, 1950). In this landmark study, Eggan made brilliant analyses of each of the Western Pueblo social structures as functioning wholes, then compared the four, and contrasted the Western Pueblos with the Eastern Pueblos (who live along the Rio Grande). He focused especially on the contrast between the "lineage principle" he found in the kinship systems of the Zuni and Hopi with their crucial matrilineal clans and the "principle of dual organization" of the Eastern Pueblos with their "Summer People" and "Winter People," each with their own ceremonial kivas. He demonstrated how the variations currently observed in the Pueblo social structures are related to cultural adaptations to ecological niches (dry-land agriculture in the west versus irrigation agriculture in the east) and in historical experiences--heavy Spanish contact along the Rio Grande compared to slight Spanish influence in the far western Pueblos of Zuni and Hopi.
In the summer of 1933 Eggan undertook a brief field trip among the Mississippi Choctaw and the Cheyenne and Arapaho in Oklahoma (Eggan, 1937). Armed with these data and supplemented with detailed library study, he discovered that these kinship systems were not immutable but subject to changes due to shifts in ecological settings and historical experiences. He also found that their joking relationship functioned systematically to regulate respect and avoidance relationships among kin. Eggan likewise demonstrated how a tribe like the Cheyenne could change from a lineage-type kinship system nicely adapted to a settled agricultural existence in southwestern Minnesota during the early historic period to a generation-type system when they were pushed onto the Plains by other tribes, became nomadic buffalo hunters with horses and rifles, and needed bands of "brothers" for efficient hunting and fighting on the High Plains (Eggan, 1937).
From this research emerged his classic presidential address to the American Anthropological Association on "Social Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Comparison" (1954), in which he cogently laid out the theoretical and methodological dimensions of a comparative method that has been widely admired and utilized by anthropologists during the past four decades. By "controlled comparison" Eggan meant essentially that the cases for comparative treatment are best selected when they are either (1) a small number of cases that are cultural variations set within a geographical and historical frame (such as the Southwestern Pueblos or the tribes of the American Plains) or (2) are variations on a given type of social structure (such as moiety systems).
Eggan continued to work with this method of controlled comparison during most of his professional career; two of his last publications were a brilliant review titled "Shoshone Kinship Structures and Their Significance for Anthropological Theory" (1980) and a masterful article on the Southwest entitled "Comparative Social Organization" (1983).
The other area of the world in which Fred Eggan engaged in basic field research and scientific publication was the northern Philippines. Although his anthropological data on the Philippines were never so fully analyzed and published as they were on the American Indian cultures of the Southwest and the Plains--mainly because of the interruptions of World War II, the restrictions imposed by the Marcos regime on anthropological research, and the subsequent administrative duties he undertook--Fred collected significant information and published a number of fundamental papers on the tribal cultures of northern Luzon as he further developed his structural-historical concepts (Sahlins, 1992, p. 24).
In 1934 Eggan had hoped to undertake two years of field research in the Kimberly district of Australia on an Australian National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship arranged by Radcliffe-Brown. He had just spent the winter season of 1933-34 doing field research among the Hopi. But when he returned to Chicago in March, President Roosevelt had just devalued the dollar. Since the Australian National Research Council received a large portion of its funds from the Rockefeller Foundation, it was forced to cancel Eggan's fellowship. At this point, Fay-Cooper Cole came to the rescue with a proposal that Eggan go to the Philippines. Cole had always wanted to send a young anthropologist there to study what had happened to the Tinguian, whom he and his wife had studied in 1907 and 1908. He drafted a proposal and found the funds for Eggan. But Fred was disappointed. In his words: "It was attractive but I would have preferred going to Australia. I had always been studying other people's tribes, and it would have been fun to have a tribe of my own" (Eggan, 1974, p. 12).
Nonetheless, Eggan dutifully went to the Philippines, with a stop in Japan for a month, where he traveled around staying in rural inns and climbing Mt. Fuji with two companions he met on the ship crossing the Pacific. He arrived in Manila in the fall of 1934 and checked in with H. Otley Beyer, the one remaining anthropologist in the Philippines, who took Eggan in charge and outfitted him "in white cotton duck for Manila and brown cotton for the field."
Eggan spent the 1934-35 year in the Abra Province of Luzon, learning some of the language, collecting data on all aspects of Tinguian life, and focusing his research interests on problems of social and cultural change. His principal mentor and informant was "Dumagat, the son of a headman whom Cole had brought to Chicago to help him with setting up exhibits in the Field Museum, and who had then stayed on in America until the onset of the Depression" (Eggan, 1974, p. 15). He later worked farther up the Abra River and traveled to almost all the communities in Abra, including one journey over the Cordillera with a group of Tinguians.
The results of this field research appeared in a number of papers, the most important being "Some Aspects of Culture Change in the Northern Philippines" (1941), in which Eggan reported on the regular series of changes in social, political, economic, and religious institutions he discovered as he traveled from the interior to the coast--from the Ifugao through the Bontok, Tinguian, and Ilocano. To define these changes, he introduced the notion of cultural drift, adapted from Sapir's concept of linguistic drift.
Just as Fred Eggan was getting ready to return to the United States, he received word that he was being offered a position as instructor at the University of Chicago, with his time being divided between the Extension Program and the Department of Anthropology. After serving for five years as instructor, he served as assistant professor (1940-42), associate professor (1942-48), and professor (1948-63). He then became the Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology until he retired in 1974. During this period he served as department chairman twice (1948-52 and 1961-63), in an era when the Department of Anthropology at Chicago was considered first in the nation.
In 1938 Fred Eggan married Dorothy Way, who visited the Hopi Reservation with him frequently and worked with him in doing field research. She became noted for her research on Hopi dreams.2
During World War II, Fred Eggan was called to duty as chief of research, Office of Special Services, Philippine Commonwealth Government. Later he became a captain in the army after graduating from the School for Military Government in Charlottesville and was assigned to duty in Chicago as the director of the Civil Affairs Training School for the Far East (1943-45). In 1945 he also served as a Cultural Relations Officer for the Department of State. Following the war, Eggan became the director of the Philippine Study Program at the University of Chicago, a post he held until his retirement.
Eggan finally managed to return to additional field research in the Philippines when he was appointed as a Fulbright Research Scholar at the University of the Philippines during 1949-50, where he helped train young Philippine anthropologists. His fieldwork during that Fulbright year was focused on Sagada, an Igorot community west of Bontoc. From this research flowed a number of papers on the Philippines, the most notable being his article titled "Cultural Drift and Social Change" (1963), which appeared in the Festschrift for Melville J. Herskovits. Eggan also served as the supervisor of the four-volume Area Handbook on the Philippines (1956) published by the Human Relations Area Files, Inc.
In the 1960s Fred Eggan became one of our most esteemed senior anthropologists. His contributions were recognized by his election to the American Philosophical Society in 1962 and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences in 1963, as well as by being invited to deliver the Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture at the University of Rochester in 1964.
The Morgan Lecture gave Eggan an opportunity to make a modern appraisal of the scientific achievements of Lewis Henry Morgan, to summarize and synthesize his own scholarly efforts to understand changes in kinship systems, and to establish a link with that first American scholar to undertake a systematic study of kinship.3 The lectures were published as The American Indian (1966) and they constitute, in the wise words of one of Eggan's students: "the most thorough and readable synthesis of American Indian kinship and social organization in the literature and serve as a model comparative study" (DeMallie, 1991, p. 175).
The 1960s were also a time of personal turmoil for Fred Eggan with the long illness of his first wife, Dorothy, who died in 1965 and to whose memory he dedicated the publication of the Morgan Lecture (Eggan, 1966).
In 1969 Fred married his second wife, Joan Rosenfels, a photographer and psychotherapist, who is well known in anthropological circles for her remarkable photographs of anthropologists, some of which are in the Royal Anthropological Institute in London. Fred and Joan led busy and happy lives together in Chicago, where Joan practiced psychotherapy for over twenty-five years as a therapist with the students of the Laboratory Schools of the University of Chicago and as a psychological consultant to school administrators and pediatricians. In Santa Fe, where they moved upon Fred's retirement, Joan served as a psychological consultant to two private schools; her present private practice is mainly limited to adults in the arts. She is likewise currently undertaking a study of Jungian dream analysis with the hope of analyzing the dreams of Don Talayesva (whose biography was published in the book Sun Chief) that were collected over the years by Dorothy Eggan.
In 1970 Eggan was a visiting fellow at All Souls College at Oxford. He delivered the Sir James Frazer Lecture at Cambridge University in 1971 and became a corresponding fellow of the British Academy in 1974. He also served on many boards, councils, and committees, becoming president of the American Anthropological Society in 1953 and a member of the Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1982-85) and of the Council of the American Philosophical Society (1983-86).
In his retirement in Santa Fe, Fred Eggan continued his work on the Indians of the Southwest and became a crucial researcher, consultant, and champion for the Hopis and Zunis in their land claims against the U.S. government. The deep respect these Pueblos had for Fred Eggan and his work is expressed in the following message (in part) to his widow from Vernon Masayesva, chairman, and Abbott Sekaquaptewa, past chairman, of the Hopi Tribal Council at the time of his death:
We will miss Dr. Eggan greatly, but we realize that his contribution to understanding and documenting Hopi culture, and his involvement with our eternal struggle to recover our ancestral lands will be his everlasting legacy to the Hopi Tribe. May the Great Spirit be with you and your family and with Fred as he continues his journey to join his ancestors. (personal communication from Joan Eggan, November 2, 1991).
Fred Eggan had a great capacity for friendship and became a mentor for dozens of students and younger colleagues in anthropology (including this author)--as an "older brother" when he was younger, and as an "uncle" when he became older. He also made countless indirect contributions to science in his service on boards, panels, and committees that perform the annual decisions and tasks that must be done for our enterprise to carry on and move forward. He has indeed been described as "the model anthropologist of his generation" (Fenton, 1992, p. 435).
But Fred Eggan's greatest impact in the long run will come from his publications, which exhibit, in the thoughtful words of one of his younger colleagues at the University of Chicago: "His clarity of vision, ability to reduce complex phenomena to their essentials with minimum distortion, and capacity to demonstrate productive connections between hitherto disparate approaches and theories..." (Fogelson, 1979, p. 165).
Fred Eggan and his scholarly contributions will be long and warmly remembered by his colleagues in anthropology and other sciences throughout the world, as well as by his countless friends among the peoples he studied in North America and in the Philippines.
1 The author has drawn on the biographical files of the National Academy of Sciences and the reminiscences and comments of Joan Rosenfels Eggan and James B. Griffin, as well as on various autobiographies, biographies, and obituaries of Fred Eggan, including Raymond J. De Mallie, "Eggan, Fred" in International Directory of Anthropologists, ed. C. Winter, pp. 174-75, New York: Garland, 1991; Fred Eggan, "Among the Anthropologists," Annual Review of Anthropology 3(1974):1-19; William N. Fenton, "Fred Russell Eggan," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 136(1992):433-34; Raymond D. Fogelson, "Eggan, Fred," Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences: Biographical Supplement 18(1979):163-66; Marshall Sahlins, "Fred Eggan: History and Structure," Anthropology Today 8(Feb. 1992):23-25; Ernest L. Schusky, "Fred Eggan: Anthropologist Full Circle," American Ethnologist 16(1989):142-57; Aram A. Yengoyan, "Fred Eggan (1906-1991)," Journal of Asian Studies 50(1991):1017-19; and Mario D. Zamora, "Fred Russell Eggan 1906-1991," Eastern Anthropologist 44(1991):313-14.
2 See Dorothy Eggan, "The Significance of Dreams for Anthropological Research," American Anthropologist 51(1949):177-98; "The Manifest Content of Dreams: A Challenge to Social Science," American Anthropologist 54(1952):469-85; and "The Personal Use of Myth in Dreams," Journal of American Folklore 68(1955):445-53.
3 See Lewis Henry Morgan, Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, Smithsonian Contributions of Knowledge, vol. 17. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.


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EEG/ EMG Neurodiagnostics Technician
Provides high quality technical neurodiagnostic services appropriate to age of patient which contributes to positive patient outcome. Maintains cooperative working relationship with other departments and members of the medical system. Educates patients and their significant others in a manner to assure understanding. Ensures the continuous delivery of high quality patient care by consistently seeking new knowledge and application of skills obtained.
Will function at Davie Medical Center, Lexington Memorial and Main Campus
To apply for this position, please click on the "Apply Now" button on this page. You must complete the application process and then submit your application by clicking on the "Submit" button located at the bottom of the page titled "Submit Online Application". You will receive the following message once you hit the submit button: "You have successfully submitted your job application".
Computers are available for applying within the lobby of the Human Resources Department located at 1920 West First Street, (on the corner of Miller and First Street) Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27104. You may also call our office for assistance at (336) 716-0175. Office hours are Monday-Friday, 8:00am-5:00pm.
If you are an individual with a disability and need reasonable accommodation to participate in the application process, please contact our Supervisor of Office Services by phone (336) 716-3367 or email at email@example.com.
It is the policy of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center to administer all educational and employment activities without discrimination because of race, sex, age, religion, national origin, disability, sexual orientation or veteran status (except where sex is a bona fide occupational qualification or a statutory requirement) in accordance with all local, state, national laws, executive orders, regulations, and guidelines.
Full-Time | Regular
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International Office
The friendly staff at the International Office are your 'one stop shop' where you can drop in and get the help you need.
We offer:
- Visa Support with fast turnaround when it is time to renew your visa.
- Student Advisors to help you with academic course advice, entry requirements and study options.
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Watch our International video on YouTube.
Study Options
Browse our academic programmes; find out about admission requirements and costs; or explore the Unijet Outbound exchange programme.
How to Apply
Learn how to re-enrol for study at Unitec, and find out your fees and academic requirements. Also, find out more about visa applications and insurance cover.
Student Support Services
Get everything you need on campus with our Student Services, including Career Advice, Learning Support for assignments, Accommodation services, a Health clinic on campus and more.
Find Your Embassy
It pays to know the contact details of your embassy in case of an emergency. Find your home country's embassy based in New Zealand.
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Find our what's on in Auckland including community events, concerts, and sporting events.
Join a Club
Find out how to join clubs and community groups - learn more about student life at Unitec.
Unitec International Alumni
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DashO is a Java application obfuscator, optimizer, and packager. It performs a dependency analysis on the application, removing unused methods and fields. Classes and members can be renamed using the patented Overload-induction renaming algorithm. Byte code optimization, control flow obfuscation, and string encryption can also be selectively applied. Special features include analytics for Java/Android/RIM/J2ME including exception reporting, Android obfuscation and tamper protection, and JAR watermarking.
db4o is an object database for Java and all .NET environments. Its features include ACID transactions, automatic class schema recognition, query-by-example, a S.O.D.A. object querying API, native queries, LINQ support on .NET, callback methods, memory files, cascade-on-delete, multi-threaded access, and Java Webstart and servlet support.
ProGuard is a shrinker, optimizer, obfuscator, and preverifier for Java bytecode. It detects and removes unused classes, fields, methods, and attributes. It optimizes methods and removes dead code. It renames the remaining classes, fields, and methods using short, meaningless names. Finally, it preverifies the processed code for Java 6 or higher, or for Java Micro Edition. The resulting code is more compact, more efficient, and more difficult to reverse-engineer. Advantages of ProGuard compared to other Java shrinkers and obfuscators are compact template-based configuration, memory efficiency, and speed. It is mostly popular for embedded development and for commercial development, and is integrated in Oracle's Wireless Toolkit, in Intel's TXE SDK, and in Google's Android SDK.
Frink is a calculating tool and programming language designed to help you in the real world. It tracks units of measurement throughout all calculations and ensures that answers are correct. It converts between systems of measurement, and has a huge library of physical data. It is both a simple calculator for quick calculations and a full-fledged programming language for large tasks. It draws high-quality graphics, handles conversions between time zones, currencies, and historical values of the U.S. dollar and the British pound, translates between several languages, does date/time math, and more.
UnboundID LDAP SDK for Java is a fast, comprehensive, and easy-to-use Java API for communicating with LDAP directory servers and performing related tasks like reading and writing LDIF, encoding and decoding data using base64 and ASN.1 BER, and performing secure communication. It may be used on any platform that supports Java SE 5.0 or later, as well as on Android mobile devices.
Cling is a complete, clean, and very flexible Java implementation of the UPnP Device Architecture specification. Additional UPnP service modules and graphical tools are also part of this project. Cling helps you create, control, and monitor UPnP-compatible services on your local network. Cling can be used as an UPnP/DLNA library for Android application development.
libre is a generic library for real-time communications with asynchronous I/O support. It is written in portable POSIX source code that conforms to the ANSI C89 and ISO C99 standards. It is robust and fast, with a low memory footprint. It also features RFC compliance and support for IPv4 and IPv6. Protocol implementations include SIP, SDP, RTP/RTCP, BFCP, DNS, STUN/TURN/ICE, HTTP, and WebSockets.
A flexible I/O tester/benchmarker.
A fully-featured launchd front-end for managing and debugging system and user services.


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A house is the largest purchase most of us will ever make so it's important to calculate what your payment will be and how much you can afford. The mortgage calculator will show you how much your monthly payment will be. It can also show the effect of adding extra payments. Watch our "How To" video on how to use a mortgage calculator.
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You may have made a giant estate-planning mistake without even knowing it — forgetting to update the names of your beneficiaries for your retirement plans, IRAs, life insurance, bank accounts and more.
Don't make the No. 1 estate-planning goof
Who gets your digital fortune when you die?
From iTunes and e-books to online-only bank accounts, PayPal, Facebook and email accounts, Americans value their digital assets at about $54,000 on average. So who gets your digital fortune when you die and do you have a digital estate plan?
How to give away your digital fortune
You may not think you have a fortune, but your digital assets may be worth more than you know. There are some ways to share these assets with your heirs, and creating a digital estate plan can smooth the process. Here's how.
Your heirs want this even more than your money
It turns out it's not about the money. Instead, boomers say personal keepsakes, family stories and last wishes are a far more important bequest than money.
Trusteed IRAs can help heirs manage inheritance
What if you like the idea of leaving your IRA to your kids — but worry that they'll blow the tax advantages involved? Consider a trusteed IRA, a traditional individual retirement account with some of the estate-planning advantages of a trust that an increasing number of financial-services companies are aiming at boomers.
5 estate-plan strategies for boomers
Don't put off your estate planning. Avoiding these important personal-finance tasks leads to a much worse scenario: Your family is rocked not only by the inevitable tragic event — but their pain is compounded by the complete upheaval of their financial life. Here are five strategies to get started.
How aging impacts our financial decisions
Financial capacity—the ability to manage your money to meet your needs and match your values—is one of the first things to go when you have mild cognitive impairment. But there are ways to protect your parents, and yourself, from the financial woes that can arise from mental decline.
A guide to power of attorney for your parents
There may come a time when one or both of your parents aren't able to make crucial financial decisions, from signing their tax returns to selling their mutual funds. To prepare for that possibility, it's a good idea for to help them draw up power of attorney agreements.


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The family of a murder victim has come forward, asking for help in finding answers in the mysterious murder of their loved one.
The body of Jackie Johnson, 25, was found June 2 in the 100 block of Shrader Road, burned beyond recognition.
Johnson's family said authorities confirmed the discovery on Tuesday while they were on their way to provide a DNA sample for testing.
"She didn't deserve to die like this," said Ginger Ferguson, Johnson's sister. "I went out there, and they burned her like she was a dog. They don't even do dogs like that."
Outraged and shocked by her death, Johnson's family says they are on a desperate search for answers, asking anyone with information, to come forward.
"Whoever did this will get caught, they will be punished by the law," said Erica Ferguson, Johnson's niece. "They just took someone who was important to us, and she was very beautiful. They will get caught."
Johnson's family said they are now left deciding how to go about funeral services for Johnson, since her body was burned so badly.
They'll be holding a benefit on Thursday at Midtown Cocktails on 2014 E. Houston Street to help raise money for those services.


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Removal of Heroin users from Blandford Forum
Growing up I am sure we all saw needles lying around in playgrounds etc, but as the world gets harder we need to protect our kids and each other from the "human beings" that litter our streets with the danger of their habits. We all work hard and pay taxes which ultimately ends up paying for their way of life. On top of this they walk about like they own the town. Blandford isn't perfect, but I for one love my family and friends and know this could be a much better place if we could get them off our streets. Never before have I been scared to walk in the DAYLIGHT, but you these days I am scared for my safety as well as others, we should not be made to feel like this. Please sign this petition to take to the council in hope that they will listen to OUR VOICE (as a whole town) and do something about it. UNITED WE STAND!
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Appendix Treatment
How is appendicitis treated?
Once a diagnosis of appendicitis is made, an appendectomy usually is performed. Antibiotics almost always are begun prior to surgery and as soon as appendicitis is suspected.
Appendectomy and Appendicitis
Medical Author:
Dennis Lee, MD
Dennis Lee, MD
Dr. Lee was born in Shanghai, China, and received his college and medical training in the United States. He is fluent in English and three Chinese dialects. He graduated with chemistry departmental honors from Harvey Mudd College. He was appointed president of AOA society at UCLA School of Medicine. He underwent internal medicine residency and gastroenterology fellowship training at Cedars Sinai Medical Center.
Medical Editor:
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Appendectomy facts
What is the appendix?
The appendix is a closed-ended, narrow tube that attaches to the cecum (the first part of the colon, also know as the large intestine) like a worm. (The anatomical name for the appendix, vermiform appendix, means worm-like appendage.) The inner lining of the appendix produces a small amount of mucus that flows through the appendix and into the cecum. The wall of the appendix contains lymphatic tissue that is part of the immune system for making antibodies. Like the rest of the colon, the wall of the appendix also contains a layer of muscle.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 1/27/2014
Patient Comments
Viewers share their comments
Appendectomy - Describe Your Experience Question: How was the recovery process for your appendectomy?
Appendectomy - Complications Question: Please describe your experience with complications of appendectomy.
Once a diagnosis of appendicitis is made, an appendectomy usually is performed. Antibiotics almost always are begun prior to surgery and as soon as appendicitis is suspected.


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Check availability and make your on line reservations through our on-line booking system. Just click on the link below and it will take you directly to the booking system. Once you have made your reservation, you will be sent a confirmation by email. You will be asked for payment when you check-in. Cancellations and no-show will be charged to your credit card.
Alternatively if you want a quotation or a package price, then complete and submit the form below and we will get back to you within 24 hours.
Office Address: Turtle Bay Resort, Inc. Sunny Hills Subdivision, Talamban, Cebu City 6000 Philippines.
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.turtlebaydiveresort.com
Resort Address: Turtle Bay Dive Resort Tongo Point, Basdiot, Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines
Telephone No.: +63 32 316 4133 +63 32 354 9214
Mobile No.:
+63 917 631 3396 +63 917 323 2638 +63 917 321 5747
Skype ID: chrisfewhite
© 2014


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Anyone else about to launch Round 4 of the challenge?
I started today, too!
Me too!
I started on the 19th so only 1 week in and im excited for my journey!
I started yesterday too. Now, it is a matter of finding my way around.
I'm starting today too, looking forward to the results
© Abbott Laboratories,2013


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A "fearsome foursome" of truly authentic, surprisingly durable Floater Decoys to bring high flyers in close! 4-Pk. includes one sentry, one preener, and two resting geese. Each is a full 21 inches breast-to-tail, and about 10" wide. They're foam-filled and nearly indestructible. Weighted keels help the Decoys self-right.
Order yours ONLINE today!
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4-Pk. Higdon® Standard Floater Foam-Filled Goose Decoys
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Medewi Beach, Bali Indonesia
Medewi Beach, Bali Indonesia
Taken on: 7th December, 2010. Copyright: All Rights Reserved - See travelfishery's page of Flickr
Read more about Medewi
Two hours and a world away from the popular tourist digs at Kuta and Legian lays the sleepy Medewi Beach. It's a mishmash of boulders, pebbles and black sand and is well regarded for surfing of all standards, with one of the longest left-handers on Bali — 150m on an average day, an amazing 400m on a good one! This is a sand and boulder break though, so the waves don't get too big and there is no reef to slice your feet up on though. There's also a smaller right hander nearby.
The beach hasn't been given over totally to surfing though and there are plenty of fishing boats pulled up on the shore. There isn't too much to do here other than surf though, so if you're in a surfing party but don't surf, pack some books. Swimming is better here than at Balian, but still carefully keep an eye on the currents.
This is an especially lush part of Bali particularly between Medewi and Balian. If you ... Read our complete Medewi travel guide


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My WH is a SA and he is starting therapy with his IC next week and she said after a few sessions they will move into treatment for the addiction. I'm scared he is going to relapse in the meantime (which addiction or not, this is a dealbreaker for me and he knows it and *seems* to genuinely want to make this work).
I have no idea what to expect. Can anyone shed some light on their experiences with partners who have undergone treatment? Did they relapse? Did they get better? I guess what I'm really looking for is hope... Thanks for any thoughts!
Anniversary 6/09/04
DDay 6/27/09
Wedding 3/15/12
DDay2 5/5/13
presently working towards...well i don't know anymore...
First of all, sorry you are here. Secondly, is your WH seeing a CSAT? He needs evaluation and treatment from a CSAT. If he was having a heart problem, you would want him to see a cardiologist instead of his family doctor. The same is true when dealing with SA; they need to be seeing a CSAT.
Whether or not he is going to relapse, that depends on how serious he is about wanting to change (and not changing to appease you or to "save" the marriage, because when he gets mad at you he will use that as an excuse to relapse), and what tools he utilizes in his recovery. It is really important for the SA to go to 12 step in addition to seeing a CSAT. They need the social support and accountability of others who can call them out when needed. They need to be able to form new friendships and relationships with people who are also trying to be healthy.
More importantly, you need to focus on you right now. Regardless of whether your WH ends up in recovery or not, you need to work on yourself and seek IRL support. On the first page of this thread there are a lot of resources in terms of reading and support groups. Even if your WH does successfully enter recovery, it is important that you take care of your finances and prepare for the worst. That is reality when dealing with an addict. While there is nothing wrong with having hope, you really need to focus on you and your children first and foremost, not the addict. That is easier said then done in the beginning.
I will def get into the reading you recommended. At this time, I am fully prepared financially and mentally to move on. I really am. I spoke to my pediatrician about a possible referral to a therapist for my oldest son as the baby won't remember any of this. My heart breaks for the oldest as he is so close to his father and I think that will be the hardest thing to endure for both of us (me and my oldest) if his father has to leave.
I think I reached the "I've had enough but as trying to live up to my end of our marriage vows, I'm giving you this opportunity to get help."
I appreciate knowing I am not alone in this struggle. Thanks again for the thoughts and advice!
I'm scared to death of committing to R with my SAFWH for this very reason!
A young girl was trudging along a mountain path, trying to reach her grandmother's house.
It was bitter cold, and the wind cut like a knife.
When she was within sight of her destination, she heard a rustle at her feet.
Looking down, she saw a snake.
Before she could move, the snake spoke to her.
He said, "I am about to die.
It is too cold for me up here, and I am freezing.
There is no food in these mountains, and I am starving.
Please put me under your coat and take me with you."
"No," replied the girl. "I know your kind. You are a rattlesnake.
If I pick you up, you will bite me, and your bite is poisonous."
"No, no," said the snake. "If you help me, you will be my best friend.
I will treat you differently."
The little girl sat down on a rock for a moment to rest and think things over.
She looked at the beautiful markings on the snake and had to admit that it was the most beautiful snake she had ever seen.
Suddenly, she said, "I believe you. I will save you.
All living things deserve to be treated with kindness."
The little girl reached over, put the snake gently under her coat and proceeded toward her grandmother's house.
Within a moment, she felt a sharp pain in her side.
The snake had bitten her.
"How could you do this to me?" she cried.
"You promised that you would not bite me, and I trusted you!"
"You knew what I was when you picked me up," hissed the snake as he slithered away.
SAWH is having trouble changing his other behaviors so why would SA be any easier for him? I would wager that it's more difficult than his other problems. For example, last week, he decided he wasn't going to eat all day. He doesn't think this just might lead to over eating. By night time he's cranky and decides to eat (too much). He says he won't be doing that again as it's counter productive. Today he decides to try again.
I'm trying to detach and not care, but damn it's annoying. But even more troubling is the fact that I'm supposed to believe that he hasn't been acting out sexually in any way. right.
Tonight is his first night at SAA. Interested to see how it goes.
Our Ddays are only a week apart! My SAWH has been to 7 SA meetings so far. He told me it was kind of uncomfortable the first time but he said when it was over he wanted it to keep going. He said he definitely belonged there & each time he goes he comes home with a new understanding of just how out of control he was.
In my reading, I've been affirmed in my beliefs that my SAWH also has avoidance issue. We could never talk about anything for any reason that made him the slightest bit uncomfortable. I always thought it was so weird but alas, is just one piece of his very complex puzzle! I'm actually a little freaked out to find out what other ala carte items go along with this particular menu!
I'm already convinced that if your H goes in with an open mind he will benefit greatly from the other men who have BTDT. I am trying to establish a pattern for us that when he comes home from his SA meeting each week, he tells me about the topic & what he has learned about himself. It has been hard to get in to that routine because we never really talked about anything!
I'm going to my 2nd SAnon meeting tonight. Hopefully there will be more in attendance tonight so I can surround myself with fellow strugglers who know my special pain. To be truthful, I feel so far ahead of the women I met last week as a result of being on SI from the outset. So much good advice & I will always feel a special debt to the ones who opened my eyes & lifted me out of my pit of despair!
I hope the meeting goes well for your H Sadone! Keep the faith & always know that The Force is with you!
In my reading, I've been affirmed in my beliefs that my SAWH also has avoidance issue
I think we are all living different flavors of the same life...
This was the topic at MC this week. So amazing that you brought this up. SAfWH is a master at this. I ask him to do something, he promises he will, he doesn't, I feel betrayed all over again. Why doesn't he do it? He forgot, he didn't get around to it, he didn't quite know how to go about it, blah, blah, blah. MUCH better just to say, "SK, I really don't want to do that," or "I'm trying to figure that out, I WILL get to it," SOMETHING rather than AVOIDING it. MC said it is the hallmark of addiction. Since addicts cater to their primal urges, they seek only to satisfy their immediate pleasure areas of the brain. PLANNING is a higher function, and they just aren't good at that, don't choose to work at that. She said to make promises and keep them, or to be honest and say to oneself, "I'm avoiding this task, why?" is a function of recovery, of the honesty that is required in recovery and in the 12 step process.
One thing that also came out of our session that wasn't necessarily positive, wasn't negative either...it has taken 4 F*CKING YEARS for him to get to this point. To the point where we can even talk about any of this. Where he is even partly insightful or open enough to understand this. 4 YEARS of sobriety and regular attendance at SA, IC and reading whatever I stuck under his nose. I have been waiting. Not only waiting before for a real marriage, before I knew about the acting out, just that something was very wrong, but I have been waiting for these past 4 years for him to wake up and help me fix this marriage. And apparently, he wasn't healed enough to do so, because he was such damaged goods. And during that 4 years, I have become a hardened, unpleasant, shut down, b*tch. Because I am afraid to open up again, afraid to try again, afraid to put myself out there. The effort has always been too hard and futile to boot.
So, I really don't know what I am doing next...He says he isn't giving up.
I am bitter because I am convinced, convinced (!) the people who design the diagnostic surveys and the therapists have some ideas about what factors make sustained recovery more or less possible. I would hazard a guess that grave family of origin issues, escalation in the hierarchy of sexual acting out, co-addictions, certain other psychiatric disorders, length of addiction, past sexual abuse, even age and education may all be factors and that the more there are the less likely recovery is. Yet, notice no one is telling us these metrics. There is a gap between his therapist, my therapist, the marital therapist and the person who I feel owes ME as part of the marriage an honest assessment of the particular SA's prognosis.
To his credit, HE is the one that is now working VERY hard. The question is, is he really capable of "getting" it? He has tons of baggage, has ASD tendencies and has BPD.
[This message edited by scaredyKat at 7:06 PM, May 19th (Sunday)]
My thinking (which is still very new!) is that there are two hurdles for me to remain in the marriage 1) recovery; and 2) we have to rebuild a satisfying marital relationship. Individual SA recovery alone is not enough.
I hear you on the financial hit. My standard of living will definitely change. I understand being afraid of being alone too. It is hard to be alone -- we are social animals. But I have been thinking alot to myself that there is no way for a healthy marital recovery to occur unless I am at the end of the day able to leave and know I have what it takes internally to create a satisfying life on my own. Otherwise rebuilding the marriage is going to be stymied by fear, desperation, and lack of real choice to stay. Anyway, you know much more than me at three weeks in! These are just my own musings at this early juncture.
All of this came to light when I was 55 years old. That's too old to start over. Not that I wasn't used to being alone, I was so used to that! But the financial hits would be more than I was willing to take, considering that I had sacrificed for years, budgeting and saving while he squandered money on whores. Ooops! There's that anger again!
I think (!) I would have made a different decision about staying if I had been younger.
And it's not even about fixing the marriage. I still think that ultimately, this probably can't be fixed. But I can't help but care about him...and about me. No matter what happens, I really think he will always be family. Not in the codependent kind of way. After having a few really dark days, I feel surprisingly detached. He may yet decide not to get better, but that's no longer my problem. I don't want to control everything any more. It's too tiring.
I will turn 57 in just a few months & find myself in that awful position of having to try to make decisions for my future based on the cards I now hold. The business we owned for the past 13 years plummeted in 2008 & right now we are so in debt it is extremely unlikely we will ever be able to make our way out of this hole.
I'm learning that SA's tend to fantasize in many aspects of life. My SAWH is convinced that things will work out for our business however, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that it is highly unlikely. He totally avoids dealing with this as well as so many other important aspects of our life.
I'm truly baffled at why I'm still here. I do love him however, it's not the same kind of love & it never will be. Some days it seems so clear that I need to stay the course but others I wonder what in the hell am I doing.
This was not what I envisioned for my life but, since it is my reality I guess I'll keep going...one day at a time. Sometimes 10 minutes at a time.
I digress.
At our last MC, I vented about how frustrated I was that it has taken so long for SAfWH "recover" and make the effort to work on our marriage. He said a few things that made sense. "I still wasn't a worthwhile person four years ago." (beginning recovery) "It took me a long time to process everything I was learning. I just couldn't take it all in any faster"
Maybe that does explain it. It may help me deal with my frustration a bit, and maybe it will help those of you who are married to SAs attempting to recover.
Anyway, SAfWH worked SO hard all week to prepare a lovely birthday party for me. There were only a few people, just my wonderful family, but he cooked all week, had the yard and the house looking spiffy (he's retired already) Cakes, and bought some thoughtful gifts that included 2 outings for us, a play, a concert and an overnight stay for the night of the concert. A lot of effort went into this birthday and I do appreciate it.
I want to say to him, "Keep it up. Give me a summer of this effort. Show me for 3 months that you are remorseful, show me this kind of amends. Maybe then I will be able to heal." But I can't. Why can't I say this?
He has been my only sexual partner & I've been very proud of the fact I kept myself for him but it only adds to the devastation of realizing it meant nothing to him.
Its so crazy to me that some days I feel so positive about R then days like today I just don't think I have it in me. I guess that's why they say to wait a year huh?
After our daughter died, I imagined my life as a figurine made of very fragile glass. It somehow got knocked over & shattered to pieces. I loved it so much that instead of trashing it, I decided to painstakingly glue it back together. I have it back but, it will never look the same as it did.
Why can't we just line em up & shoot em?
SK - Did you say anything to him? I really liked what you said and might use it!
Outta - Great analogy! My marriage isn't going to be the same but honestly, it was so crappy most of the time, that it isn't all bad for it to change.
As for me, same story, I am also having in certain ways the marriage I always wanted! I mean not the SA obviously but calls, gifts, date night organizing, ongoing expressions of appreciation and love. I am usually able to appreciate the nice gestures, like H went all out on mother's day. I think what is pivotal for me is that my H feels even worse than I do about this entire mess. And that is saying a lot as I feel about a billion shades of miserable. Also, he is putting the same degree of effort into his treatment as he does into special occasion days like mother's day - - otherwise I wouldn't be able to enjoy the special occasion as much because I would be nervous about his treatment commitment, getting more attached to him, etc.
I didn't tell you all but I joined a gym with great classes, a healing therapy pool, etc and have been going every single day. Highly rec!!


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Forms and information regarding student employment can be found at the Career Center.
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Forms, policies, procedures for business travel and reimbursement including travel funded through sponsored projects or grants please follow this link.
Invention Disclosure


text: I have a similar heat exchanger in my air handler along with the a/c coil. Air flow is fine, but the coil I have is fairly small (32K BTU). The key is to have a large enough exchanger and duct so that the back pressure stays within specs. Not sure if this is a spec that is measured for them. What you'd want to look for is the amount of backpressure at a certain airflow, then see if it would be within the furnace's specs.


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Defeat Diabetes
150 153rd Ave,
Suite 300
Madeira Beach, FL 33708
Newly Found Gene Important in Fat StoragePosted: Thursday, December 27, 2007
Scientists report the discovery of a previously unknown gene family that plays a key role in whether or not cells store fat, a discovery that could lead to new approaches to obesity and related diseases.
Dr. David L. Silver states that, "Since the ability to store fat in lipid droplets within cells is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic life from the simplest (baker's yeast) to complex (e.g. humans), we searched for genes that encoded for proteins that were involved in fat storage and had to be evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotic organisms."
He and colleagues from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, identified two such genes, which they named FIT1 and FIT2 for fat-inducing transcript.
"Our experiments demonstrate that FIT proteins are not involved in synthesizing fat but are involved in packaging fat into lipid droplets as demonstrated both in cell culture experiments and in mice. This is a very unique activity among proteins," Dr. Silver explained.
According to a report in the PNAS Early Edition posted online December 17, over expression of the FIT genes in human cells led to a dramatic increase in fat storage, whereas silencing the FIT genes in mouse cells led to an equally impressive decrease in lipid droplets.
In a further experiment, the scientists found that silencing the FIT genes in zebra fish resulted in fish that stored less fat than a control group, despite being fed a high-fat diet.
Dr. Silver reported that, "Since the FIT proteins play a primary role in storing fat, we are very interested in exploring the possibility that FITs might be suitable drug targets to treat obesity and obesity-associated diseases."
Source: Diabetes In Control: PNAS Early Edition 2007.
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