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I waited, moved from family to family along the south bank of the marina, waiting for that moment. It never happened, or at least I wasn't able to capture it to accompany reporter Sarah Cooper's story.
Rushing from the marina back to the newsroom, I thought about my to do list: photograph free fishing day. Check. Next, photograph a Sparks graduation for the front page.
With three high schools to choose from — Spanish Springs, Sparks and Reed — two were holding ceremonies Saturday and I picked Sparks High School's 11 a.m. graduation at Lawlor Events Center.
Strategically avoiding the numerous orange cones lining Pyramid Way, I traveled to the University of Nevada, Reno campus. While waiting for the Sparks High School class of 2010 to walk to the arena where they would receive their diplomas, I observed the smiles of joy and looks of uncertainty as well as felt the electrifying energy that filled the corridors outside the stage area.
It was a girl who sat down on a bench along white walls of the circular hallway inside Lawlor who caught my attention. As she sat in her yellow cap and gown, she rocked her undoubtedly sore ankles from side to side. The heels she wore were probably a little ambitious, but after all it's graduation. After a minute or two of staring at the linoleum floor, with a sigh she retreated to her place in line and was smiling and laughing with friends again.
The boys down the hallway were slightly more relaxed yet many still tugged on their dress pants and adjusted their ties, making it obvious that the formal attire was not a regular occurrence. A group of boys jeered each other as to who could probably pull the best prank while walking across the stage, all secretly thinking, "What happens if I get caught?"
In the 10 minutes before graduation started, I learned that Sparks High School would only have 179 students walk across the stage to receive a piece of paper that states they've accomplished so much more than they have yet to understand. The class was nearly a fourth of the size of my graduating class.
When I graduated from McQueen High School, the handful of thoughts I had that day centered around moving on, moving out and not looking back. Little did I know then what I know now.
As I watched Sparks' students walk and pause and walk and pause their way to their seats Saturday, I couldn't help but think to myself how those young people should be savoring every moment but that they wouldn't realize that fact until years down the road.
Granted my 10-year reunion is quickly approaching and I have had plenty of time to reflect on my feelings about high school. However, I couldn't help but think about how that little piece of paper with my name on it changed so much.
A high school diploma not only opens the doors to the future — college or career — it also signals the end of childhood. It ushers in a new time for young adults: a time of decision making and confusion.
When I was in high school, no one told us that the real world doesn't care about your social status, if you were homecoming queen or captain of the football team. A potential employer won't ask you how you feel about your sports accomplishments or how the crowd responded to your acting in the school play. Yet, that's what we hold on to in that initial year after graduation — what defined us as children and teens while looking for our definitions as adults.
The greatest thing I took away from high school was the ability to roll with the punches. In college, I had to teach myself how to study because I didn't learn that in high school. I also learned that working hard to barely make ends meet while living with four roommates is a situation no one warns you won't end well. No one warns you that people change, and that the friends you have today might not be your friends tomorrow.
Yet, the greatest lessons are the ones learned about personal accountability.
In the months to come, when the newest members of the real world start making the tough decisions about school, roommates, jobs and the future, I hope they all understand it is up to them what they make of it. No one else will look out for you besides you. Not every day will be perfect and nothing comes easily, but accomplishing your goals and dreams has to be one of the best feelings you'll ever know.
Enjoy this time new graduates, stop for a moment to take a deep breath and let it all sink in.
Cortney Maddock is a reporter for the Sparks Tribune. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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and found 3 items
1085cc, 98bhp, 141mph, Insurance group 13
The BMW R1100S is now starting to be regarded as something of a classic, especially in Boxer Cup form. Classy (and crucially un-ugly) styling, VFR-esque comfort and versatility plus BMW quality and residuals make for a stonking and attractive all-rounder, if not quite the sports bike BM intended…
1130cc, 76bhp, 120mph, Insurance group 12
The BMW R1150R is an honest-to-goodness Boxer twin that will provide years of faithful commuting service while not exactly setting pulses racing. Once you've overcome the idiosyncratic indicator switchgear arrangement (one per bar, plus another to cancel), the lumpy motor and poor gearbox, it's actually quite endearing.
1170cc, 109bhp, 130mph, Insurance group 13
By now the world knows BMWs can be fun: the 180bhp K1200S and R models are simply riotous. But somehow the Boxer-engine range has always maintained a straight-faced attitude – diligent, hard-working and hard wearing. Then some bright spark decides the R1200R should be fashionably naked, have sporting pretensions with half decent handling and agility, and a touch of midrange ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shado-Pan Ninja (Monk)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Puncture-Binding Spaulder, Pozzik's Vest, Red Belt of Gentle Persuasion, Nice Shorts, Bard's gloves & boots, Stylish Black Shirt, Monk's Staff
This outfit is adapted from Draynee's Black Ninja Monk kit.
Shado-Pan Spiritwalker (Shaman)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Pauldrons of Wild Magic, Salvager's Hauberk, Bloodspattered Sash, Heroes' Earthshatter Kilt (T7-10s), Seer's Linked Gauntlets, Suen-Wo, Spire of the Falling Sun
Umlaut Paradots' mail contribution to These Boots Were Made For Mogging reminded me of the Salvager's Hauberk. As I thought about what kind of set I might like to make using this chestpiece, it occurred to me that the stripe detail, especially in the back, is somewhat similar to the stripe detail on the Shado-Pan NPC uniforms. Kamalia already had plenty of dark blue in her wardrobe, but she did not have much red in her wardrobe before I created this outfit for her!
Shado-Pan Beastmaster (Hunter)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Ravager's Mantle, Warmonger's Chestpiece, Bloodspattered Sash, Bloodmail* Legguards gloves & boots, Cloak of Beasts, Master Builder's Shirt, Bronze Blaster
This is something of an "if you've got it, flaunt it" kit. Although I only really wanted the Bloodmail Legguards, I'd collected all the rest of the set by the time the pants finally dropped. I decided to keep the whole set, "just in case", and dumped it into Void Storage. Now I'm glad that I did!
I borrowed the combination of the Shado-Pan Helmet with the Warmonger's chestpiece from WoW Roleplay Gear.
Shado-Pan Runeblade (Death Knight)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Blood-Soaked Saronite Plated Spaulders, Warlord's/Warmaul chestpiece belt gloves & boots, Legguards of the Shattered Hand, Acherus Knight's Shroud, Runed Soulblade
I didn't want to just plop the Shado-Pan Helmet atop one of the black-and-red outfits I'd already made for Kregga — though it would certainly work well with either of them. The red-plum-blue tones of the Warlord's/Warmaul set evoke the palette of the navy-and-brick-red version of the Shado-Pan NPC uniforms, and I'd been wanting to use those items in a DK set for some time. The DK shoulders added just the right amount of menace to the overall appearance.
Shado-Pan Lightbearer (Paladin)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Runic Plate Shoulders, Alabaster Breastplate, Thorium Belt, Greaves of the Martyr, Bloodforged Gauntlets, Lavawalker Greaves, Redpine Cloak, Firestorm Hackblade, Bloodforged Guard, Stylish Black Shirt
This outfit is adapted from a striking black, white, and red ensemble originally designed by Honeypants of Mogoholic.
Shado-Pan Blademaster (Warrior)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Expedition Mantle, The Exarch's Protector, Darkcrest Belt, Legguards of the Shattered Hand, Inferno Tempered gloves & boots, Gilded Thorium Cloak, Red Martial Shirt, Sturdy Yaungol Spear
Keija tried really hard to talk me into letting her use Hellreaver for her Shado-Pan set, even though I think it's just about as overused a weapon as Judgement is a gear set (especially since Demonology Warlocks got that glyph that lets their Felguards dual-wield the things). Then, as soon as she'd actually tested how it would look, she capitulated and agreed to use the spear that matches the NPC weapon. I'll just have to come up with some other set for her to use Hellreaver with.
Shado-Pan Wildshaper (Druid)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Thunderheart Shoulder Pads, Robes of Summer Flame, Vicious Leather Belt, Gilt-Edged Leather Gauntlets, Tian Monastic Staff
I decided pretty much immediately that I wanted to use this robe for my Druid's Shado-Pan kit. Figuring out all the rest of the pieces, though, took quite a bit of iteration.
I don't remember if I was offered the +Agi staff as a reward option from that Tian Monastery quest or if I had to switch my loot spec to see it. Whatever happened, I thought that the +Agi staff would have better Transmogrification potential with the rest of my Druid's wardrobe than any of the +Int options — and I'd surely get a better weapon from some other quest later. So I took it, and now I am quite glad that I did.
Shado-Pan Mystic (Priest)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Consortium Mantle, Amaranthine Robe, Silver-Thread Sash, Black Mageweave Gloves, Arakkoa Divining Rod, Inscribed Fan, Stylish Black Shirt
This outfit is largely inspired by the Shado-Pan Helmet set designed by WoW Roleplay Gear.
Shado-Pan Arcanist (Mage)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Mantle of the Golden Sun, Sparklight Robes, Klaxxi Lash of the Orator, Exiled Dabbler's Gloves, Netherweave Boots, Matsuba's Breadmaker
In these sets, I've endeavored to use only items that I think I can reasonably expect to obtain solo at level 90. If you do guild-based raiding, however, the normal-mode version of Quet'zal's Crackling Cord coordinates perfectly with this robe.
Shado-Pan Assassin (Rogue)
Replica Shado-Pan Helment, Shoulderpads of the Silvermoon Retainer, Scouting tunic & gloves, Belt of One-Hundred Deaths, Nightslayer Pants, Defiler's Lizardhide Boots, Black Swashbuckler's Shirt, Malchazeen
The shirt is an essential component of this outfit because it fills in a gap between the sleeves and the gloves. I would have preferred to use gloves that cover the whole hand — assassins should not leave fingerprints — but I couldn't find any that coordinated suitably well with the rest of the set.
Shado-Pan Summoner (Warlock)
Replica Shado-Pan Helmet, Merciless Gladiator's Felweave Amice, Simple Blouse, Silver-Thread Sash, Coven Britches, Black Mageweave Gloves + Wraps of the San'layn, Oilfoot Slippers, Zhar'doom, Greatstaff of the Devourer
More decadent Warlocks may prefer to use the Cournith Waterstrider's Silken Finery.


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Ohio: 50 executions since 1999
The Columbus Dispatch - March 06, 2013 3:03 PM
When Frederick Treesh took his last breath shortly before 10:37 a.m. today, he became the 50th Ohioan to be executed since the state resumed capital punishment in 1999.
Treesh, 48, was lethally injected at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility nearly Lucasville for killing Henry Dupree in Eastlake, Ohio, on Aug. 27, 1994. Dupress was a security guard in an adult bookstore.
Treesh died in the same small chamber at the prison where 49 other executions have taken place since Feb. 19, 1999, when Wilford Berry was put to death. Berry's was the first person executed in Ohio since 1963.
Additional executions are scheduled this year, in 2014 and 2015.
Ohio's last execution was Nov. 13 last year when Brett Hartman put to death for the 1997 stabbing and dismemberment of Winda Snipes in 1997.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
|United States Agency for International Development
|Agency overview
|November 3, 1961
|Preceding Agency
|International Cooperation Administration
|Ronald Reagan Building
Washington, D.C.
|3,909 (2012)
|Agency executives
|Rajiv Shah, Administrator
Donald Steinberg, Deputy Administrator
Sean Carroll, Chief Operating Officer
|United States Agency for International Development
|Agency overview
|November 3, 1961
|Preceding Agency
|International Cooperation Administration
|Ronald Reagan Building
Washington, D.C.
|3,909 (2012)
|Agency executives
|Rajiv Shah, Administrator
Donald Steinberg, Deputy Administrator
Sean Carroll, Chief Operating Officer
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. USAID seeks to "extend a helping hand to those people overseas struggling to make a better life, recover from a disaster or striving to live in a free and democratic country."[3] It operates in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe.
President John F. Kennedy created USAID in 1961 by executive order to implement development assistance programs in the areas authorized by the Congress in the Foreign Assistance Act.[4] The Congress updates this authorization through annual funds appropriation acts, and other legislation. Although technically an independent federal agency, USAID operates subject to the foreign policy guidance of the President, Secretary of State, and the National Security Council.[3]
USAID's decentralized network of resident field missions makes the Agency an effective manager of USG programs in low-income countries. These programs serve a range of purposes.[5]
Some of the U.S. Government's earliest foreign aid programs provided relief in crises created by war. In 1915, USG assistance through the Commission for Relief of Belgium headed by Herbert Hoover prevented starvation in Belgium after the German invasion. After 1945, the European Recovery Program championed by Secretary of State George Marshall (the "Marshall Plan") helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe. In our era, USAID leads USG relief efforts after wars and natural disasters through its Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance. Privately funded U.S. NGOs and the U.S. military also play major roles in disaster relief overseas.
After 1945, many newly independent countries needed assistance to relieve the chronic deprivation afflicting their low-income populations. USAID and its predecessor agencies have continuously provided poverty relief in many forms, including assistance to public health and education services targeted at the poorest. USAID has also helped manage agricultural commodity assistance provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In addition, USAID provides funding to NGOs to supplement private donations in relieving chronic poverty.
Technical cooperation between nations is essential for addressing a range of cross-border interests like communicable diseases, environmental issues, trade and investment cooperation, safety standards for traded products, money laundering, and so forth. The USG has specialized agencies dealing with such areas, such as the Centers for Disease Control and the Environmental Protection Agency. USAID's special ability to administer programs in low-income countries supports all USG civilian agencies' work on these vital global concerns.
Among these global interests, environmental issues attract high attention. Since 1991 USAID has been providing environment assistance to 45 countries.[6] U.S. environmental regulation laws[7] require that programs sponsored by USAID should be both economically and environmentally sustainable. USAID focuses on ensuring the protection of world resources that are currently most threatened and threatening for future generations. These resources include land and water and forests. USAID also focuses on managing and preparing people for the risks associated with global climate change.[8]
To support U.S. geopolitical interests, USAID is often called upon to administer exceptional financial grants to allies. Also, when U.S. troops are in the field, USAID can supplement the "Civil Affairs" programs that the U.S. military conducts to win the friendship of local populations and thus to undermine insurgent support. In these circumstances, USAID may be directed by specially appointed diplomatic officials of the State Department, as in Afghanistan and Pakistan during operations against al-Qaeda. USAID can also be called upon to support projects of U.S. constituents that have exceptional interest.
To help low-income nations achieve self-sustaining socioeconomic development, USAID assists them in improving management of their own resources. USAID's assistance for socioeconomic development centers on providing technical advice, training, scholarships, commodities, and financial assistance. Through grants and contracts, USAID mobilizes the technical resources of the private sector, other USG agencies, universities, and NGOs to participate in this assistance.
Programs of the various types above frequently reinforce one another. The Foreign Assistance Act requires USAID to use funds appropriated for geopolitical purposes ("Economic Support Funds") to support socioeconomic development to the maximum extent possible.
USAID delivers both technical assistance and financial assistance.[9]
Technical assistance includes technical advice, training, scholarships, construction, and commodities. Technical assistance is contracted or procured by USAID and provided in-kind to recipients. For technical advisory services, USAID draws on experts from other USG agencies, as well as contracting with experts from the private sector. Scholarships to U.S. universities are complemented by technical assistance to developing country universities, including establishing partnerships with U.S. universities. Commodity assistance is essential to disaster relief, and many host-government leaders have drawn on USAID's technical assistance for development of IT systems and computer hardware procurement to strengthen their institutions.
The various forms of technical assistance are frequently coordinated as capacity building packages for development of local institutions.
Financial assistance supplies cash to developing country organizations to supplement their budgets. USAID also provides financial assistance to local and international NGOs who in turn give technical assistance in developing countries. Although USAID formerly provided loans, all financial assistance is now provided as nonreimbursable grants.
In recent years, the USG has increased its emphasis on financial rather than technical assistance. In 2004, the Bush Administration created the Millennium Challenge Corporation as a new foreign aid agency that is mainly restricted to providing financial assistance. In 2009, the Obama Administration initiated a major realignment of USAID's own programs to emphasize financial assistance, referring to it as "government-to-government" or "G2G" assistance.
USAID is organized around country development programs managed by resident USAID offices in developing countries ("USAID missions"), supported by USAID's global headquarters in Washington, DC.[10]
USAID plans its work in each country around an individual country development program managed by a resident mission. Missions work in over fifty countries, consulting with their government and non-governmental organizations to identify programs that will receive USAID's assistance. As part of this process, the missions conduct socioeconomic analysis, design assistance, award contracts and grants, administer assistance (including evaluation and reporting), and manage flows of funds.
As countries develop and need less assistance, USAID shrinks and ultimately closes its resident missions. Since USAID's founding in 1961, it has closed its missions in a number of countries that had achieved a substantial level of prosperity, including South Korea, Turkey, Tunisia, and Costa Rica.
USAID also closes missions when requested by host countries for political reasons. In September 2012, the U.S. closed USAID/Russia at that country's request. Its mission in Moscow had been in operation for two decades.[11] On May 1, 2013, the President of Bolivia, Evo Morales, asked USAID to close its mission, which had worked in the country for 49 years.[12]) The closure was completed on September 20, 2013.
USAID missions are led by Mission Directors and are staffed both by USAID Foreign Service Officers and by development professionals from the country itself, with the host-country professionals forming the majority of the staff. The length of a Foreign Service Officer's "tour" in most countries is four years, to provide enough time to develop in-depth knowledge about the country. (Shorter tours of one or two years are usual in countries of exceptional hardship or danger.)
The Mission Director is a member of the U.S. Embassy's "Country Team" under the direction of the U.S. Ambassador. As a USAID mission works in an unclassified environment with relative frequent public interaction, most missions were initially located in independent offices in the business districts of capital cities. However, since the passage of the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act in 1998 and the bombings of U.S. Embassies in east Africa in the same year, missions have gradually been moved into compounds alongside U.S. Embassy chancery buildings.
The country programs are supported by USAID's headquarters in Washington, D.C., "USAID/Washington," where about half of USAID's Foreign Service Officers work on rotation from foreign assignments, alongside USAID's Civil Service staff and top leadership. USAID is headed by an Administrator appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The current USAID Administrator is Rajiv Shah, appointed by President Barack Obama.
USAID/Washington helps define overall USG civilian foreign assistance policy and budgets, working with the State Department, the Congress, and other federal government agencies. It is organized into "Bureaus" covering geographical areas, development subject areas, and administrative functions. Each Bureau is headed by an Assistant Administrator appointed by the President.
Independent oversight of USAID activities is provided by its Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development, which conducts criminal and civil investigations, financial and performance audits, reviews, and inspections of USAID activities around the world.
USAID's global U.S. "direct-hire" staff—those with career contracts—include Civil Service staff in Washington as well as U.S. Foreign Service Officers. The size of this staff was about 3,900 in 2012. An additional 400 U.S. staff work under contracts for shorter periods, typically two to three years. (By comparison, the State Department's U.S. workforce currently numbers about 19,000.)
USAID's host-country staff, who normally receive one-year contracts that are renewed annually, make up the majority of the Agency's global workforce (57% in 2009).[14]
USAID Foreign Service Officers are selected competitively for specific job openings on the basis of academic qualifications and experience in development programs.[15][16] (This recruitment system differs from the State Department's use of the "Foreign Service Officer Test" to identify potential U.S. diplomats. Individuals who pass this test become candidates for the State Department's selection process, which emphasizes personal qualities in thirteen dimensions such as "Composure" and "Resourcefulness." Note that no specific education level is required for appointment as a diplomatic Foreign Service Officer in the State Department. See "Foreign Service Officer Qualifications.")
In 2008, USAID launched the "Development Leadership Initiative" to reverse the decline in USAID's Foreign Service Officer staffing, which had fallen to fewer than 1,000 worldwide.[17] USAID's goal was to double the number of Foreign Service Officers by 2012.[18] USAID currently has about 1,700 Foreign Service Officers (compared to 13,000 in the State Department).
Finally, note that many more people work on the projects that USAID assists than just USAID's staff. In even a single country, many thousands of people in local communities and government agencies work on projects that receive USAID's assistance. Furthermore, when USAID provides technical assistance, the number of staff contracted to support local communities and government agencies is usually considerably larger than the number of USAID staff who oversee the assistance.
While USAID can have as little presence in a country as a single person assigned to the U.S. Embassy, a full USAID mission in a larger country may have twenty or more USAID Foreign Service Officers and a hundred or more professional and administrative employees from the country itself.
The USAID mission's staff is divided into specialized offices in three groups: assistance management offices; the Mission Director's and the Program office; and the contracting, financial management, and facilities offices.
Called "technical" offices by USAID staff, these offices design and manage the technical and financial assistance that USAID provides to their local counterparts' projects. The technical offices that are frequently found in USAID missions include Health and Family Planning, Education, Environment, Democracy, and Economic Growth.
Examples of projects assisted by Health and Family Planning offices are projects for eradication of communicable diseases, strengthening of public health systems focusing on maternal-child health including family planning services, HIV-AIDS monitoring, delivery of medical supplies including contraceptives and HIV vaccines, and coordination of Demographic and Health Surveys. This assistance is primarily targeted to the poor majority of the population and corresponds to USAID's poverty relief objective, as well as strengthening the basis for socioeconomic development.
USAID's Education offices mainly assist the national school system, emphasizing broadening coverage of quality basic education to reach the entire population. Examples of projects often assisted by Education offices are projects for curriculum development, teacher training, and provision of improved textbooks and materials. Larger programs have included school construction. Education offices often manage scholarship programs for training in the U.S., while assistance to the country's universities and professional education institutions may be provided by Economic Growth and Health offices. The Education office's emphasis on school access for the poor majority of the population corresponds to USAID's poverty relief objective, as well as to the socioeconomic development objective in the long term.
Examples of projects assisted by Environment offices are projects for tropical forest conservation, protection of indigenous people's lands, regulation of marine fishing industries, pollution control, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and helping communities adapt to climate change. Environment assistance corresponds to USAID's objective of technical cooperation on global issues, as well as laying a sustainable basis for USAID's socioeconomic development objective in the long term.
Examples of projects assisted by Democracy offices are projects for the country's political institutions, including elections, political parties, legislatures, and human rights organizations. Counterparts include the judicial sector and civil-society organizations that monitor government performance. Democracy assistance received its greatest impetus at the time of the creation of the successor states to the USSR starting in about 1990, corresponding both to USAID's objective of supporting U.S. bilateral interests and to USAID's socioeconomic development objective.
Examples of projects often assisted by Economic Growth offices are projects for improvements in agricultural techniques and marketing (the mission may have a specialized "Agriculture" office), development of microfinance industries, streamlining of Customs administrations (to accelerate growth of exporting industries), and modernization of government regulatory frameworks for industry in various sectors (telecommunications, agriculture, and so forth). In USAID's early years and in some larger programs, Economic Growth offices have financed economic infrastructure like roads and electrical power plants. Economic Growth assistance is thus quite diverse in terms of the range of sectors where it may work. It corresponds to USAID's socioeconomic development objective and is the source of sustainable poverty reduction. Economic Growth offices also occasionally manage assistance to poverty relief projects, such as to government programs that provide "cash transfer" payments to low-income families.
Some USAID missions have specialized technical offices for areas like counter-narcotics assistance or assistance in conflict zones.
Disaster assistance on a large scale is provided through USAID's Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance. Rather than having a permanent presence in country missions, this office has supplies pre-positioned in strategic locations to respond quickly to disasters when and where they occur.
The Mission Director's signature authorizes technical offices to provide assistance according to the designs and budgets they propose. With the help of the Program Office, the Mission Director ensures that designs are consistent with USAID policy for the country, including budgetary earmarks by which Washington directs that funds be used for certain general purposes such as public health or environmental conservation. The Program Office compiles combined reports to Washington to support budget requests to Congress and to verify that budgets were used as planned.
While the Mission Director is the public face and key decision-maker for an impressive array of USAID technical capabilities, arguably the offices that make USAID preeminent among U.S. government agencies in the ability to concretely follow through on assistance agreements are the missions' "support" offices.
Commitments of U.S. government funds to NGOs and firms that deliver USAID's assistance can only be made in compliance with carefully designed contracts and grant agreements executed by warranted Contracting Officers, not by the technical officers who design assistance. (The Mission Director is authorized to commit financial assistance directly to the country's government agencies.)
Funds can be committed only when the Mission's Controller certifies their availability for the stated purpose. "FM" offices assist technical offices in financial analysis and in developing detailed budgets for inputs needed by projects assisted. They evaluate potential recipients' management abilities before financial assistance can be authorized and then review implementers' expenditure reports with great care. This office often has the largest number of staff of any office in the mission.
Called the "Executive Office" in USAID (sometimes leading to confusion with the Embassy's Executive Office, which is the office of the Ambassador), "EXO" provides logistical support for mission offices, including personnel recruitments and management, computers, transportation, office space, and housing for U.S. staff. Increasing integration into Embassies' chancery complexes, and the State Department's recently increased role in managing USAID, is expanding the importance of coordination between USAID's EXO and the overall Embassy's General Services Office in dividing up responsibilities for support to the USAID mission.
A USAID assistance project is constituted by a funding agreement with an implementing organization, often referred to by USAID staff as an "implementing partner."
Taking as an example assistance with a poverty-relief objective, a beneficiary group might be assisted by local government agencies and NGOs, to which USAID might provide both financial assistance, through budget-support grants, and technical assistance (advisors, access to equipment and training), managed by other implementing partners. USAID's projects might include, for example:
The collection of such projects might be referred to as USAID's "program." Each of these types of funding agreements is profiled below.
This funding agreement would take the form of a letter from USAID's Mission Director, countersigned by the recipient agency, explaining (in annexes to the letter) the agency's objectives, the amount of USAID's financial commitment, the specific expenditures to be financed by USAID's grant, and other operational aspects of the agreement.
USAID's technical office would assign a staff member (U.S. or local) to oversee progress in the agency's implementation. USAID's financial management office transfers funds to the agency, in tranches as needed. Audit under this kind of government-to-government (G2G) financial assistance is usually performed by the host government's own audit agency.
As the host government's agency is usually specialized in services to the beneficiary population (medical services, for example), its staff may not be equipped to undertake investments called for in the program, such as construction, equipment, or management of training and study tours. The government agency might therefore request USAID's assistance in these areas, and USAID could respond by contracting with a firm to supply the serivces requested.
USAID's technical office would collaborate with the government agency in drafting the specifications for what is needed (generically referred to as a "Scope of Work") and in determining whether the required services can be provided from the local market or whether the contract should be open to bids from the U.S. and other sources. USAID's contracting office would then advertise for bids, manage the selection of a contractor from among the competing bidders, sign the contract, and assign a technical-office staff member as its representative to oversee the contractor's performance. (If the work load permits, this staff member might be the same person who oversees USAID's financial assistance to the government agency.)
Non-governmental organizations are, like their government counterparts, usually already engaged in service provision in areas where USAID wants to assist, and they often have unique abilities that complement public programs. Therefore, USAID technical-office staff might set aside a budget and, with the help of the mission's contracting office, publish a solicitation for proposals from NGOs. One or several grants could be made to selected NGOs by the mission's contracting office (wearing the hat of an "Award Officer" as opposed to "Contract Officer" for the occasion). As in the case of a contract, a technical-office staff member would be assigned as the Award Officer's Representative to monitor progress in the NGOs' implementation and to arrange for external evaluations. The grant requires the recipient to contract for external audit.
As some local NGOs may be small and young organizations, the USAID mission's financial management office conducts a careful review of grant applicant's administrative system to ensure that they are prepared to manage USG funds. Where necessary, USAID can devote part of the grant to the NGO's internal organizational strengthening to help the NGO qualify for USAID's financing. (Disbursement of the service-delivery grant may follow completion of the internal organizational development work.)
Technical assistance is available from specialized international NGOs in a number of areas. If the USAID mission determines that TA needs expressed by local implementing partners can best be met by an NGO (rather than by contracting for specific inputs), the relevant technical office will draft a request for proposals that the contracting office will issue to solicit responses from the NGO community. The process is similar to a grant to a local NGO, except that U.S. and international NGO applicants are pre-registered as being eligible to receive USG financing.
These experienced NGOs also frequently make unsolicited proposals to USAID, requesting funding for their own planned assistance activities. In general, USAID provides financial assistance (grants) to organizations who design their own programs (when those programs correspond to the areas that USAID wants to support), while USAID uses contracts to procure services (or products) when USAID and its counterparts have determined in advance what is specifically needed.
In addition to the types of projects described above, USAID uses various other assistance mechanisms for different U.S. objectives. Budget agreements with other USG agencies, which differ from contracts and NGO grants, are common in supporting collaboration between the U.S. and other countries on global issues. To pursue high-profile U.S. foreign policy interests, the State Department may direct USAID in making large-scale budget-support grants to other governments, referred to as "non-project" assistance.
For more details about how USAID manages funding agreements, the required procedures followed by USAID staff—the "Automated Directives System" (ADS) -- are available to anyone who is interested at http://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/agency-policy. In particular, ADS Series 300 on "Acquisition and Assistance" covers many details about agreements with implementing partners.
Before the Second World War, a notable example of U.S. Government foreign assistance was its contribution to the 1915 Committee for Relief in Belgium headed by Herbert Hoover, to prevent starvation in Belgium after the German invasion. During this period, however, U.S. assistance in low-income countries was often the product of private initiative, including prominently the work of private foundations—Carnegie, Ford, Rockefeller, and others. The Rockefeller Foundation, for example, assisted the breeding of improved maize and wheat varieties in Latin America and supported public health initiatives in Asia.
World War II stimulated a sustained U.S. Government foreign aid effort. One of the USG's responses to the shock of Germany's occupation of France in 1940 was the creation of an agency that was ultimately named the Office of Inter-American Affairs, or OIAA, to counter the potential for increasing German influence in the Western Hemisphere. Under State Department oversight (and initially coordinated by Nelson Rockefeller, the future Vice President of the United States, from the family whose fortune financed the Rockefeller Foundation), the OIAA's more than 1,000 employees undertook a variety of programs including technical assistance projects for economic stabilization, food supply, health, and sanitation.
The OIAA, whose work ended in 1946, furnished the model for President Truman's global "Point Four Program." Announced as the fourth element of Truman's overall foreign policy in January, 1949, Point Four's purpose was to provide technical knowledge to aid the growth of underdeveloped countries around the world. In 1950, the Technical Cooperation Administration (TCA) was established within the Department of State to run the Point Four program.
Point Four's technical development program for underdeveloped areas complemented the Marshall Plan, which the U.S. had created in 1948 to help rebuild war-torn Western Europe. Implemented by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the Marshall Plan also expanded its reconstruction finance to strategic parts of the Middle East and Asia.[19]
In addition to Point Four and the Marshall Plan, the Fulbright Program of academic exchanges was established in 1946, globalizing the wartime program of exchange visits between professionals from Latin America and the United States.
In light of the Korean War, Congress passed in October 1951 the Mutual Security Act and created the Mutual Security Agency (MSA) to better coordinate civilian assistance with military assistance. The MSA absorbed both the Marshall Plan (replacing ECA) and Point Four (with the Technical Cooperation Administration becoming an agency within MSA).
In 1953 at the end of the Korean War, the incoming Eisenhower Administration established the Foreign Operations Administration (FOA) as an independent government agency outside the Department of State to consolidate economic and technical assistance, including both the MSA and the TCA, on a world-wide basis. The new majority in Congress also required a 25 per cent reduction in staff, which fell mainly on TCA, as in general the Foreign Operations Administration adopted the organization and procedures inherited from the Marshall Plan.
In 1955, foreign aid was brought back under the administrative control of the Department of State and FOA was renamed the International Cooperation Administration (ICA).
In 1956, the Senate conducted a study of foreign aid with the help of input from a number of independent experts, including a notable report from the MIT professors Max Millikan and Walt Rostow. The resulting 1959 amendment to the Mutual Security Act declared that development in low-income regions was a U.S. objective along with and additional to other foreign-policy interests, attempting thus to clarify development assistance's relationship with the effort to contain Communism.
In 1957, the Development Loan Fund was established within ICA to manage ICA's portfolio of loans for development projects. In 1959, the Development Loan Fund became an independent agency.
(Pre-1961 reorganizations can be traced here: http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/469.html#469.7.)
In 1961, the Congress approved the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 with President Kennedy's support, which retained the 1959 policy of international development as an independent U.S. objective and added an emphasis on the need for long-term efforts. Organizationally, the Act called for merging the ICA, the Development Loan Fund, and other foreign aid entities into a new agency.
To implement the Act, the Agency for International Development, or A.I.D. (subsequently re-branded as USAID), was created within the State Department. Its internal organization was adjusted to emphasize country-by-country programming. As in the previous change in Administration in 1953, a major reduction in staff took place.
The Peace Corps was also established at this time. In addition, the Fulbright educational and cultural exchange program was strengthened by the Fulbright-Hays Act of 1961.
During the early 1970s, foreign aid became one of the focal points in Legislative-Executive differences over the Vietnam War.[20] In September 1970, President Nixon proposed abolishing USAID and replacing it with three new institutions: one for development loans, one for technical assistance and research, and one for trade, investment and financial policy. Consistent with this approach, in early 1971 President Nixon transferred the administration of private investment programs from USAID to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), which had been established by foreign aid legislation at the end of 1969.
The Congress did not act on the President's proposal for replacing USAID, but rather adopted in 1973 a proposal supported by USAID management for "New Directions" in foreign aid. By amending the Foreign Assistance Act, the Congress provided that U.S. aid should emphasize "Basic Human Needs": food and nutrition; population planning and health; and education and human resources development. President Nixon signed the New Directions act into law (PL 93-189) in December 1973.
Also in 1973, the "Percy Amendment" of the Foreign Assistance Act required U.S. development assistance to integrate women into its programs, leading to USAID's creation of its Women in Development (WID) office the following year.
A further amendment of the Foreign Assistance Act in 1974 prohibited assistance for police, thus ending USAID's involvement in Public Safety programs in Latin America, which in the 1960s were, along with the Vietnam War, part of the U.S. Government's anti-Communist strategy.
The reforms also ended the practice of the 1960s and 1970s in which many USAID officers in Latin America and Southeast Asia had worked in joint offices led by State Department diplomats or in units with U.S. military personnel.
Foreign aid has always operated within the framework of U.S. foreign policy and the organizational linkages between the Department of State and USAID have been reviewed on many occasions.
In 1978, legislation drafted at the request of Senator Hubert Humphrey was introduced to create a Cabinet-level International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA), whose intended role was to supervise USAID in place of the State Department. However, although IDCA was established by Executive Order in September 1979, it did not in practice make USAID independent.[19]
In 1995, legislation to abolish USAID was introduced by Senator Jesse Helms, the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, who aimed to replace USAID with a grant-making foundation.[21] Although the House of Representatives passed a bill abolishing USAID, the measure did not become law.[22] In order to gain Congressional cooperation for his foreign affairs agenda, however, President Clinton adopted in 1997 a State Department proposal to integrate more foreign affairs agencies into the Department. The "Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998" (Division G of PL 105-277) abolished IDCA, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the United States Information Agency, which formerly maintained American libraries overseas. Although the law authorized the President to abolish USAID, President Clinton did not exercise this option.[22]
In 2003, President Bush established PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, putting USAID's HIV/AIDS programs under the direction of the State Department's new Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator.[23]
In 2004, the Bush Administration created the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) as a new foreign aid agency to provide financial assistance to a limited number of countries selected for good performance in socioeconomic development.[24] The MCC also finances some USAID-administered development assistance projects.
In January 2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice created the Office of the Director of U.S. Foreign Assistance ('F') within the State Department. Under a Director with the rank of Deputy Secretary, F's purpose was to ensure that foreign assistance would be used as much as possible to meet foreign policy objectives.[25] F integrated foreign assistance planning and resource management across State and USAID, directing all USAID offices' budgets according to a detailed "Standardized Program Structure" comprising hundreds of "Program Sub-Elements." USAID accordingly closed its Washington office that had been responsible for development policy and budgeting.
On September 22, 2010, President Barack Obama signed a Presidential Policy Determination (PPD) on Global Development. Although the PPD is classified, indicating that revealing it would damage U.S. national security, it was described in an unclassified fact sheet. The PPD promised to elevate the role of development assistance within U.S. policy and rebuild "USAID as the U.S. Government's lead development agency." It also established an Interagency Policy Committee on Global Development led by the National Security Staff and added to U.S. development efforts an emphasis on innovation.[26]
On December 21, 2010, Secretary of State Clinton released the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR). Modeled after the military's Quadrennial Defense Review, the QDDR of 2010 reaffirmed the plan to re-build USAID's Foreign Service staffing while also emphasizing the increased role that staff from the State Department and domestic agencies would play in implementing U.S. assistance. In addition, it laid out a program for a future transfer of health sector assistance back from the State Department to USAID.[27]
Consistent with this evolving policy environment, USAID re-created in mid-2010 a development planning office, the Bureau of Policy, Planning, and Learning,[28] and on November 23, 2010, announced the creation of a new Bureau for Food Security[29] to lead the implementation of President Obama's Feed the Future Initiative, which had formerly been managed by the State Department.
|This article appears to be written like an advertisement. (September 2012)
Since 2009, USAID has been implementing a group of measures under the name "USAID Forward"[30] to strengthen its performance in a number of areas.[31]
|Billions of Dollars
|Democratic Republic of Congo
|West Bank and Gaza
The cost of supplying USAID's assistance includes the agency's "Operating Expenses," $1.35 billion in fiscal year 2012, and "Bilateral Economic Assistance" program costs, $20.83 billion in fiscal year 2012 (the vast bulk of which was administered by USAID).
Up-to-date details of the budget for USAID's assistance and other aspects of the USG's foreign assistance are available from USAID's budget webpage, http://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending. This page contains a link to the U.S. Government's Foreign Operations budget (the "150 Account"), which shows the budgets of all International Affairs programs and operations for civilian agencies, including USAID. This page has a link to a "Where Does the Money Go?" table, which shows the recipients of USAID's financial assistance (foreign governments as well as NGOs), the totals that were spent for various countries, and the sources (U.S. government agencies, universities, and private companies) from which USAID procured the goods and services that it provided as technical assistance.
U.S. assistance budget totals are shown along with other countries' total assistance budgets in tables in a webpage of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, http://www.oecd.org/development/stats/statisticsonresourceflowstodevelopingcountries.htm.
At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, most of the world's governments adopted a program for action under the auspices of the United Nations Agenda 21, which included an Official Development Assistance (ODA) aid target of 0.7% of gross national product (GNP) for rich nations, specified as roughly 22 members of the OECD and known as the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). However, most countries do not adhere to this target, as the OECD's table indicates that the DAC average ODA in 2011 was 0.31% of GNP. The U.S. figure for 2011 was 0.20% of GNP, which still left the U.S. as the largest single source of ODA among individual countries.
Dr. Rajiv Shah became Administrator of USAID, shortly before the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti. In response, USAID and other agencies, began working to help Haiti recover and rebuild. Together with the international community and the Government of Haiti, Dr. Shah led USAID to help provide safer housing for almost 200,000 displaced Haitians; supported vaccinations for more than 1 million people; cleared more than 1.3 million cubic meters of the approximately 10 million cubic meters of rubble generated; helped more than 10,000 farmers double the yields of staples like corn, beans, and sorghum; and provided short-term employment to more than 350,000 Haitians, injecting more than $19 million into the local economy. USAID has provided nearly $42 million to help combat cholera, helping to decrease the number of cases requiring hospitalization and reduce the case fatality rate.
The interactions between USAID and other U.S. Government agencies in the period of planning the Iraq operation of 2003 are described by the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction in its book, Hard Lessons: The Iraq Reconstruction Experience [1].
Subsequently, USAID has been a major partner in the United States Government's (USG) reconstruction and development effort in Iraq. As of June 2009[update], USAID has invested approximately $6.6 billion on programs designed to stabilize communities; foster economic and agricultural growth; and build the capacity of the national, local, and provincial governments to represent and respond to the needs of the Iraqi people.[32]
Rebuilding Iraq – C-SPAN 4 Part Series In June 2003, C-SPAN followed USAID Admin. Andrew Natsios as he toured Iraq. The special program C-SPAN produced aired over four nights.[33]
USAID has periodically supported the Lebanese American University and the American University of Beirut financially, with major contributions to the Lebanese American University's Campaign for excellence.[34]
|This subsection titled "Bolivia" needs additional citations for verification. (February 2009)
In 2008, the coca growers union affiliated with Bolivian President Evo Morales ejected the 100 employees and contractors from USAID working in the Chapare region, citing frustration with U.S.[35] efforts to persuade them to switch to growing unviable alternatives. From 1998 to 2003, Bolivian farmers could receive USAID funding for help planting other crops only if they eliminated all their coca, according to the Andean Information Network. Other rules, such as the requirement that participating communities declare themselves "terrorist-free zones" as required by U.S. law irritated people, said Kathryn Ledebur, director of the organization. "Eradicate all your coca and then you grow an orange tree that will get fruit in eight years but you don't have anything to eat in the meantime? A bad idea," she said. "The thing about kicking out USAID, I don't think it's an anti-American sentiment overall but rather a rejection of bad programs".
President Evo Morales expelled USAID from Bolivia on May 1, 2013 for allegedly seeking to undermine his government.[36]
On September 19, 2011, Dr. Rajiv Shah, along with Dr. Jill Biden and Ad Council, launched the "FWD" campaign to raise awareness about that year's severe drought in East Africa. Through TV and internet ads as well as social media initiatives, FWD encouraged Americans to spread awareness about the crisis, support the humanitarian organizations that were conducting relief operations, and consult the Feed the Future global initiative for broader solutions. Celebrities Geena Davis, Uma Thurman, Josh Hartnett and Chanel Iman took part in the campaign via a series of Public Service Announcements. Corporations like Cargill, General Mills, PepsiCo. and General Mills also signed on to support FWD.[37]
USAID and U.S. foreign economic assistance in general have been the subject of debate, controversy, and criticism continuously since the 1950s.
Those who advocate that poverty relief should be the primary goal of foreign aid may criticize the choice of geopolitical influence as the goal of a given budget allocation. But the budget for poverty relief may be criticized in turn by advocates of environmental conservation, if they feel that it leaves little funding free for environmental projects. Focusing on the environment, on the other hand, may seem premature to advocates of socioeconomic development who see that as the key to realizing all the other goals, including poverty reduction and environmental protection.
These are debates that are arbitrated in Washington by the Congress and the Administration before budgets are decided and before USAID staff undertake detailed programming in the field. In practice, the programs that USAID implements in each country pursue a mix of goals, each of which has value to some stakeholder of foreign aid.
Some feel that USAID overemphasizes technical assistance and should instead provide more financial assistance (budget support, or debt relief). They argue that financial assistance allows recipients to spend as they like with less influence from donors. Others feel that financial assistance does not result in durable improvements and that person-to-person technical assistance has the advantage of sharing knowledge and experience regarding techniques that have worked before, leading to permanent improvements.
In practice, many USAID missions find that their counterparts appreciate having both forms of aid: an assistance package that includes some financial assistance for things that can simply be bought and some technical assistance to confront problems and issues whose solutions are not so clear.
USAID is frequently criticized for paying the full market cost of expert services that it provides to counterparts. Those service providers generally are higher paid than the average person in low-income, developing countries. While the majority of the staff working on USAID-financed projects are from the country where the work is being carried out, USAID is able to recruit from anywhere in the world to get the right person for specific tasks, including widely recognized experts in many cases. USAID uses competition to arrive at market rates for the staff it recruits, and has experimented with volunteer programs for expertise from high paid professions.
Questions are fequently asked as to whether it is a good practice to contract with private firms or individuals for the services of specialists serving limited terms lasting from a few weeks to two or three years. One alternative is to rely more predominantly on career U.S. Government employees, who have twenty- to thirty-year employment contracts. In 1960s, observers commented on a perceived shift in favor of the shorter-term contracts. The facts and policy regarding methods of contracting have been debated continuously since then.
USAID states that "U.S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America's foreign policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while improving the lives of the citizens of the developing world." However, non-government organization watch groups have noted that as much as 40% of aid to Afghanistan has found its way back to donor countries through awarding contracts at inflated costs.[38]
Although USAID officially selects contractors on a competitive and objective basis, watch dog groups, politicians, foreign governments and corporations have occasionally accused the agency of allowing its bidding process to be unduly influenced by the political and financial interests of its current Presidential administration. Under the Bush administration, for instance, it emerged that all five implementing partners selected to bid on a $600 million Iraq reconstruction contract enjoyed close ties to the administration.[39][40]
Some critics[41][42][43][44] say that the US government gives aid to reward political and military partners rather than to advance genuine social or humanitarian causes abroad. William Blum has said that in the 1960s and early 1970s USAID has maintained "a close working relationship with the CIA, and Agency officers often operated abroad under USAID cover."[45] The 1960s-era Office of Public Safety, a now-disbanded division of USAID, has been mentioned as an example of this, having served as a front for training foreign police in counterinsurgency methods (including torture techniques).[46]
Folha de São Paulo, Brazil's largest newspaper, accused USAID of trying to influence political reform in Brazil in a way that would have purposely benefited right-wing parties. USAID spent $95,000 US in 2005 on a seminar in the Brazilian Congress to promote a reform aimed at pushing for legislation punishing party infidelity. According to USAID papers acquired by Folha under the Freedom of Information Act, the seminar was planned so as to coincide with the eve of talks in that country's Congress on a broad political reform. The papers read that although the "pattern of weak party discipline is found across the political spectrum, it is somewhat less true of parties on the liberal left, such as the [ruling] Worker's Party." The papers also expressed a concern about the "'indigenization' of the conference so that it is not viewed as providing a U.S. perspective." The event's main sponsor was the International Republican Institute.[47]
In the summer of 2012, ALBA countries (Venezuela, Cuba, Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua, San Vicente y Las Granadinas, Dominica, Antigua y Barbuda) called on its members to expel USAID from their countries.[48]
Several studies suggest that foreign aid is used as a political weapon for the U.S. to elicit desired actions from other nations. A state's membership of the U.N. Security Council can give a considerable raise of U.S. assistance.[49]
In 1990 when the Yemeni Ambassador to the United Nations, Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal, voted against a resolution for a U.S.-led coalition to use force against Iraq, U.S. Ambassador to the UN Thomas Pickering walked to the seat of the Yemeni Ambassador and retorted: "That was the most expensive No vote you ever cast". Immediately afterwards, USAID ceased operations and funding in Yemen.[50][51]
USAID requires NGOs to sign a document renouncing terrorism, as a condition of funding. Issam Abdul Rahman, media coordinator for the Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations' Network, a body representing 135 NGOs in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, said his organization "takes issue with politically conditioned funding." In addition, the PFLP, considered a terrorist organization by the United States, said that the USAID condition was nothing more than an attempt "to impose political solutions prepared in the kitchens of Western intelligence agencies to weaken the rights and principles of Palestinians, especially the right of return."[52]
In 2003, Congress passed a law providing federal government funds to private groups to help fight AIDS and other diseases all over the world through USAID grants. However, one of the conditions imposed by the law on grant recipients was a requirement to have "a policy explicitly opposing prostitution and sex trafficking".[53] In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the requirement violated the First Amendment's prohibition against compelled speech in Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.[54]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Agency for International Development.


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Thursday, April 24, 2014
By Steve Mistler firstname.lastname@example.com
Staff Writer
Legislative leaders are reacting coolly to a bill that would allow concealed-weapons permit holders, including teachers and school administrators, to bring guns to public schools in Maine.
A hearse carrying the casket of of six-year-old Jack Pinto passes a makeshift memorial on its way to Newtown Village Cemetery in Newtown, Connecticut. Legislative leaders are reacting coolly to a bill – proposed after the Connecticut shooting – that would allow concealed-weapons permit holders, including teachers and school administrators, to bring guns to public schools in Maine.
Rep. Brian Duprey, R-Hampden, confirmed Friday that he had proposed the legislation. Duprey posted a message on his Facebook account saying schools are "soft targets" for gunmen like the one who took his own life after killing 27 people, including 20 children, last week in Newtown, Conn.
Duprey, who owns several day-care centers in the Bangor area, wrote on his Facebook page that there could have been a way to stop the killings if someone at school had been armed.
"Imagine if just one of the teachers at Sandy Hook (Elementary School) had a legally obtained concealed firearms permit and was carrying that day, could he or she have stopped the gunman? Possibly. At least they would have had a chance; as it was they had zero chance," he wrote.
Duprey's idea didn't get much immediate support from leaders of either party.
Rep. Jeff McCabe, D-Skowhegan, the assistant House majority leader, said "polarizing" proposals like Duprey's alienate people on both sides of the gun debate.
He said lawmakers are committed to dealing with gun violence in a comprehensive way.
Rep. Kenneth Fredette, R-Newport, the House minority leader, was reluctant to dismiss Duprey's proposal without reviewing specific legislation.
Language is not yet available for bills in the upcoming session.
"We shouldn't be making any rash decisions about guns or gun ownership when we're still dealing with what happened in Connecticut," Fredette said. "We need to look at this issue in a comprehensive way."
Duprey's bill appears to have a supporter in Jeff Weinstein, a former Yarmouth School Committee member who is president of the Maine Gun Owners Association.
Weinstein issued a statement Thursday saying that allowing school employees to bring weapons to school would better protect students.
The idea also has support outside of Maine.
On Friday, the National Rifle Association called for armed security personnel in schools and suggested that armed volunteers could be used to avoid a huge expense.
Lawmakers in Oklahoma, Mississippi, Minnesota, South Dakota and Oregon have said they will consider legislation to allow school administrators and teachers to carry weapons.
In 2011, Nebraska state Sen. Mark Christensen introduced a similar bill after a shooting in Omaha in which a high school senior killed an assistant principal and wounded a principal before killing himself.
"If you have a kid come in to shoot a teacher ... or other kids, it's best to have somebody that can take care of the situation," Christensen told the Lincoln Journal Star in 2011. Nebraska lawmakers ultimately rejected the bill.
Reached Friday, Duprey said he isn't sure if his bill is a good idea but he wants to have a debate about it. He said that all criminals know schools "are soft targets," and that trained concealed-weapons permit holders could provide "a safety net."
"Guns are allowed everywhere else, Walmart, the mall ... why shouldn't they be allowed in schools?" he said. "I want to have a debate for someone to tell me why it isn't a good idea."
Duprey, who has a concealed-firearms permit, said he carries a gun "everywhere I go, where it's legal."
Duprey, whose children are home-schooled, said he is better prepared to protect them because he is trained with a firearm. He said he served in the Navy for eight years.
Duprey, who owns Little Angels Daycare, was asked if he allows his employees to bring guns to work. He said he had "never asked, never brought it up" to them.
"Day-cares are different," from schools, he said. "We have security systems in place."
He said, "Our biggest threat is a deranged parent in a custody battle."
Duprey said the proposal to put an armed police officer in every school is "impractical and fiscally irresponsible."
It's doubtful that Duprey's bill will make it through the Democratic-led Legislature. Republican-led legislatures in other states have rejected similar proposals.
In the last session, Republican leaders rejected a bill that would have allowed guns on college campuses.
Fredette, the House Republican leader, said he recently got a phone call from someone who works in a school and thinks it would be appropriate to allow concealed-weapons permit holders to bring guns to school.
"I'm not saying that I support that kind of proposal," he said, "and I'm not saying that I don't."
McCabe, the assistant House Democratic leader, said he, too, had been contacted by at least two constituents who support arming educators.
McCabe said Democrats are wary of diving into "polarizing proposals" like Duprey's.
"We're really trying to look at this issue in a thoughtful way," he said. "If we get into these extreme proposals, we end up alienating people on both sides of the issue, and that's not helpful."
Sen. Stan Gerzofsky, D-Brunswick, co-chairman of the Criminal Justice Committee, which will review Duprey's bill, said the proposal will get a fair hearing.
However, Gerzofsky said, "Wyatt Earp thought it was OK to have guns in town, but I don't think it's necessarily a good idea to have guns in churches and schools."
Gerzofsky said the Legislature passed bills to make schools gun-free zones after the shootings in 1999 at Columbine High School in Colorado.
"I understand the argument that giving guns to people is supposed to be a defense against the bad guys," he said. "But once they've got the drop on you, it doesn't matter how many guns you have in your pocket."
Adrienne Bennett, spokeswoman for Gov. Paul LePage, said the administration is reluctant to comment on a bill that has not gone through the legislative process.
McCabe noted that Duprey has a history of introducing controversial bills.
In 2005, Duprey submitted a bill that would have legalized same-sex marriage. However, he opposes same-sex marriage, and later acknowledged that he submitted the bill so he could vote against it.
In the same session, Duprey submitted a bill to ban abortion if it could be determined that the fetus was homosexual.
Both proposals drew attention from the satirical program "The Daily Show," which filmed a segment at the State House mocking Duprey.
Staff Writer Steve Mistler can be contacted at 791-6345 or at:


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2010 CAA Football Tie-Breakers
CAA Football utilizes tie-breaking procedures to determine its automatic qualifier for NCAA Championship participation. Conference Championships can and will be awarded to multiple teams in the event of identical conference winning percentage.
Delaware clinched at least a share of the 2010 CAA Football Championship after games played, Nov. 13.
2010 CAA Football Automatic Bid/League Title Scenarios
-- A Delaware win will give it the outright title and the league's automatic bid into the NCAA Division I Football Championship.
-- A Delaware loss and a William and Mary win will give both teams a share of the league title, while William and Mary will earn CAA Football's automatic bid by way of the league's head-to-head tiebreaker...William and Mary defeated Delaware, 17-16, Oct. 23.
-- A Delaware loss and a William and Mary loss will give Delaware the outright title and the league's automatic bid into the NCAA Division I Football Championship.
The Stingier The Better
The top five scoring defenses in CAA Football are also five of the top eight scoring defenses in the country.
Delaware leads the nation having only surrendered 100 points in 10 games (10.0 points/game). James Madison is ranked fourth in the country with a mark of just 15.2 points allowed/game. New Hampshire and Villanova's defenses have limited opponents to 15.9 points/game and are both sixth in the nation, while William and Mary's mark of 16.6 points allowed per game ranks eighth in the country.
CAA Football's league average of 19.9 points allowed/game is tops among league scoring defense average (FCS). The next closest at the FCS level is the Ivy League which has an overall conference mark of 22.6 points allowed/game.
Glancing at the league's defensive trends (page 20 of the weekly release) going back to 2004, the conference's current average in scoring defense of 19.9 points allowed/game is the lowest it has ever been.
The current average of yards allowed (324.1) is also 1/10th of a yard off the league's all-time best -- 324 yards/game from last season.
2010 CAA Football -- Did You Know...
-- Delaware is the third CAA Football to occupy the No. 1 spot in The Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 25 this season. William and Mary was the most recent team at No. 1, while Villanova held the spot for a total of four weeks this season.
-- The league had its nine-week streak of seven ranked squads end Nov. 8. James Madison fell out of the Top 25, giving CAA Football just six ranked teams each of the last two weeks. No league other than CAA Football has had more than six teams ranked in either poll on a single week dating back to 2007.
-- Villanova's streak among the national Top 10 ended at 34-straight weeks. The Wildcats, which fell to New Hampshire at home Saturday, dropped to No. 15 in this week's poll. Only Appalachian State's current 74-week string in the Top 10 was longer than Villanova's most recent stay.
-- Delaware's Siddiq Haynes was recently named as one of 22 players to the All-State AFCA Good Works Team for his honors and endeavors away from the game of football.
-- New Hampshire's Matt Evans leads the league and ranks second in the country with an average of 12.8 tackles per game.
-- New Hampshire's Dino Vasso has five interceptions this season in 10 games. One more pick for Vasso will place him in a tie for eighth on CAA Football's career interception list with 18.
-- New Hampshire's R.J. Toman needs 354 yards of total offense to place his name among the league's career Top 10 list in the category.
-- Richmond's Justin Rogers logged three kickoff returns for 56 yards in the Spiders' overtime win against James Madison helping him takeover the league's all-time career record for kickoff return yards (2,486).
-- William and Mary's Jonathan Grimes is 108 all-purpose yards away from ranking in CAA Football's career Top-10 list for the category.
-- Delaware is the fourth CAA Football squad to earn votes in the Associated Press (AP) poll (Nov. 7-14) in the last two seasons. The Blue Hens also join JMU (Sept. 12-19) from this season in being only the second CAA Football team to earn votes in consecutive weeks. Both Richmond and Villanova earned votes in single weeks last season.
-- CAA Football finished a combined 17-3 against non-conference FCS opponents during the regular season. The league was also 19-11 in all non-conference action this year.
-- CAA Football has topped three ACC non-conference opponents in the last two seasons including James Madison's, 21-16, win over nationally-ranked Virginia Tech, Sept. 11.
-- CAA Football is represented by 41 alums on 2010 NFL rosters as of Nov. 14.
-- Northeastern (1993-2009) and Hofstra (2001-09), previously part of CAA Football lineage, ended football programs following the 2009 season.
-- CAA Football, now a 10-team one-division league, will welcome Old Dominion to its membership in the 2011 season and Georgia State in the 2012 season.
CAA Football In The Polls
For a complete rundown of both the Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 25 and the FCS Coaches Poll visit page 17 of the weekly release. Below are highlights and notes about CAA Football in this week's rankings.
The Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 25
-- Delaware is the third CAA Football squad to hold the No. 1 spot in the The Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 25 this season. Villanova and William and Mary both occupied the top spot in the poll earlier this season.
-- CAA Football only has two teams in the Top 10 this week, but made up five of the Top 10 from Sept. 20-Oct. 11 (four weeks).
-- The league had its record nine-week streak of seven teams ranked in The Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 25 end last week. Only six of the league's 10 teams were part of the Top 25 each of the last two weeks.
-- The league has had at least three teams ranked every week since The Sports Network's poll began and two teams among the poll's Top 10 in 81-straight weeks.
FCS Coaches Top 25
-- Delaware is No. 1 in the FCS Coaches poll for the second-straight week, and now two CAA Football teams have been No. 1 in the Coaches poll this season.
-- For the first time this season only two CAA Football squads are among the Top 10. The league had as many as six among the Top 10 earlier this season (Sept. 20).
-- Six league squads are ranked this week -- now a two-week streak. CAA Football's nine-straight weeks with seven ranked teams ended last week (Sept. 6-Nov. 1). CAA Football is the only league to ever have seven teams ranked in a single week of the Coaches poll.
-- CAA Football has had at least four squads ranked every week in the FCS Coaches poll since it debuted in 2007.
Delaware's Devlin Part Of Unitas Golden Arm Award Final List Of 10
The Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award watch list was recently trimmed to 10 and Delaware quarterback Pat Devlin's name remained on the list.
The honor is bestowed annually to the top senior quarterback in the nation by the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Foundation and acknowledges performance on the field, character, citizenship, and integrity. The Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Educational Foundation, Inc., has awarded more than $525,000 in scholarships to deserving scholar-athletes from local area high schools both in Maryland and Kentucky. The honor has been handed out to more current NFL players than the Heisman.
Devlin, a native of Downingtown, Pa., is the only NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision player on the final list of 10.
Devlin, a Blue Hen captain, has started nine of Delaware's 10 games this season and has a passing efficiency mark of 152.5 (149-221-2-1853) which is tops among the league leaders. The senior has completed 149-of-221 attempts for 1,853 yards and 11 touchdowns this season.
Unitas Golden Arm Award List of 10
-- Andy Dalton, TCU
-- Pat Devlin, Delaware
-- Nathan Enderle, Idaho
-- Colin Kaepernick, Nevada
-- Jake Locker, Washington
-- Greg McElroy, Alabama
-- Christian Ponder, Florida State
-- Ricky Stanzi, Iowa
-- Tyrod Taylor, Virginia Tech
-- Scott Tolzien, Wisconsin
Eight CAA Football Players Earn ESPN Academic All-District Honors
A total of eight CAA Football student-athletes were awarded honors as ESPN Academic All-District winners. Each individual now moves on to the national award selection with an opportunity to be named an ESPN Academic All-American.
Below is the list of individuals honored in their respective districts.
ESPN Academic All-District First Team Honorees
-- Angelo Babbaro, RB, Sr., Villanova
-- Pat Devlin, QB, Sr., Delaware
-- Yaky Ibia, DL, Sr., Towson
-- Chris Jeannot, TE, Jr., New Hampshire
-- Mark Mackey, WR, Sr., Delaware
-- Anthony Nelson, WR, Sr., Massachusetts
-- Matt Rae, DL, Jr., Rhode Island
-- Zack Reed, TE, Sr., Delaware
Poll Position
Delaware and William and Mary's spots in the Sports Network/Fathead.com Top 10 extend streaks among the nation's top ranked. The Blue Hens and Tribe have each been in the Top 10 nine-straight weeks.
Team Consecutive Weeks In SN/F Top 10
No. 2 Appalachian State - 74
No. 5 Stephen F. Austin - 13
No. 4 Jacksonville State - 11
No. 1 Delaware - 9
No. 6 William and Mary - 9
No. 3 Eastern Washington - 5
No. 9 Wofford - 5
No. 10 Southeast Missouri State - 3
No. 7 Bethune-Cookman - 2
No. 8 Montana State - 1
Villanova's Ijalana Named To The Outland Trophy Watch List
Villanova senior offensive tackle Ben Ijalana was one of 63 players named to the 2010 Outland Trophy Watch List released in June. The Outland Trophy, which has been presented annually since 1946, is given to the nation's top interior lineman.
Ijalana is the only member of the list of 63 who plays for an FCS program. The 2010 Outland Trophy winner will be announced on The Home Depot ESPNU College Football Awards Show on Dec. 9.
Ijalana, a preseason All-CAA Football and All-America selection, is an anchor for the Villanova offensive front which ranks second in the league in both scoring (27.6 points/game) and rushing (193.3 yards/game), and is also third in the league in total offense (373.7 yards/game). A two-time First Team All-CAA Football selection, Ijalana has started all 49 games of his Villanova career. The 6-4, 320 pound Ijalana is a native of Hainesport, N.J., and a graduate of Rancocas Valley High School.
CAA Football Players of the Week - November 15
CAA Football Offensive Player of the Week - Pat Devlin, QB, Delaware
Devlin earned CAA Football Offensive Player of the Week honors for the second time this season after leading Delaware to a win at Massachusetts, which also helped the Blue Hens clinch at least a share of the CAA Football title. The senior was 16-of-22 passing for a total of 240 yards and four touchdowns. Devlin, also one of 10 remaining finalists for the Unitas Golden Arm Award, rushed eight times in the win for a career-best 55 yards. The Delaware quarterback, who now leads the league in passing efficiency at 152.5, completed his four touchdown passes to four different receivers.
CAA Football Defensive Player of the Week - Eric McBride, LB, Richmond
McBride garnered his second CAA Football Defensive Player of the Week honor this season after leading the Spiders to a second-half shutout of Rhode Island on Senior Day at Robins Stadium. The senior made the most of his final regular season home game and 53rd-consecutive start by logging 13 tackles, a forced-fumble and recovery and a 20-yard interception return against the Rams. McBride and the Richmond defense forced seven turnovers on the day, and has now given up just 32 second-half points over the its last seven games. The linebacker's 13 tackle effort moved him into second place on Richmond's all-time tackle list with 441 in his four-year career.
CAA Football Special Teams Player of the Week - Josh Roach, LB, James Madison
Roach helped spark a James Madison upset of No. 1 William and Mary, 30-24, Saturday in Harrisonburg. The junior linebacker broke through on a Tribe punt attempt from the William and Mary 28-yardline and got a hand on the kick. The Dukes' D.J. Bryant picked up the loose ball and returned two yards for a touchdown. Roach, who played in a reserve role on defense for JMU Saturday, also contributed two assisted tackles in the victory.
CAA Football Rookie of the Week - Dae'Quan Scott, QB, James Madison
Scott picked up Rookie of the Week honors after leading James Madison to an upset win of William and Mary Saturday in Harrisonburg. The redshirt-freshman replaced senior Drew Dudzik at quarterback and garnered 125 yards and three touchdowns on 21 carries. Scott and the Dukes did not attempt or complete a pass during his time at quarterback Saturday against the Tribe, racking all of their 266 yards of offense up on the ground. Prior to Scott's move to quarterback Saturday, the Staunton, Va., native had played receiver in nine contests having made 16 catches for 206 yards and one touchdown.
Rogers' Returns Set The League Mark
Richmond returnman Justin Rogers garnered one league career record in the opening weekend of this season and broke one more in the Spiders' win over James Madison in Week 10.
The senior, who was the nation's third-best kick returner as a redshirt-freshman in 2007 by averaging better than 30 yards/return, is the CAA Football career kickoff return (109) and return yards (2,486) record holder.
The Louisiana native took the league's top spot from NFL legend Brian Westbrook. The former Villanova Wildcat logged 2,433 kickoff return yards from 1997-2001.
Bring On The BCS/FBS
CAA Football is not afraid of hanging with the BCS/FBS big boys. Over the past five seasons the league has posted 10 wins against BCS/FBS foes, including the league's most recent and high-profile victory...James Madison over Virginia Tech, 21-16, Sept. 11.
Combining the 2009 season (four wins over BCS/FBS opponents) with JMU's win shows five victories over the upper level of Division I Football in two seasons.
The league has an all-time mark of 28-120 (.189) against BCS/FBS opponents dating back to the 1978 I-A/I-AA split by the NCAA.
CAA Football has won 19 games versus BCS/FBS opponents since 2000. The league has garnered at least one win over BCS/FBS foes in eight of the last nine years, and multiple wins over BCS/FBS teams in six of the last nine years.
For a complete list of CAA Football's wins over BCS/FBS opponents check out page 21 of the weekly release.
CAA Football Has Six Among Buck Buchanan Award Nominees
The Buchanan Award is in its 16th season and will be presented to the FCS National Defensive Player of the Year on Thursday, Jan. 6, in Frisco, Texas - the night before the national championship game. CAA Football will be looking for a repeat in 2010, as James Madison defensive end Arthur Moats won the honor last season. Moats became the second Duke and CAA Football student-athlete to log the honor.
Richmond boasted three on this year's Watch List -- seniors Eric McBride, Martin Parker and Justin Rogers. Parker finished 13th in the 2009 Buchanan voting while both McBride and Rogers earned several preseason honors. Senior Terence Thomas, who made eight tackles and a sack in Villanova's National Champion win last season, was a newcomer to the preseason list in July. Massachusetts' linebacker Tyler Holmes, who is averaging more than 10 tackles a game, was a midseason addition to the list when it was updated Oct. 4. New Hampshire's Matt Evans is the league's latest addition, after moving his way into the nation's Top 3 in tackles per game (12.8).
Buck Buchanan Award Watch List Honorees
-- Matt Evans, LB, New Hampshire
-- Tyler Holmes, LB, Massachusetts
-- Eric McBride, LB, Richmond
-- Martin Parker, DL, Richmond
-- Justin Rogers, DB, Richmond
-- Terence Thomas, LB, Villanova
CAA Football Has Five Among Walter Payton Award Nominees
The Walter Payton Award is given to the top individual player in the Football Championship Subdivision and CAA Football has had five student-athletes appear on the honor's 20-player Watch List.
The Payton Award is in its 24th season and will be presented to the FCS National Player of the Year on Thursday, Jan. 6 in Frisco, Texas - the night before the national championship game.
Reigning National Champion Villanova boasted as many as three on the Watch List earlier this season -- seniors Ben Ijalana, Matt Szczur and Chris Whitney. Delaware senior Pat Devlin, who was 17th in the 2009 award voting, is also part of the 2010 Watch List while William and Mary's junior Jonathan Grimes was a newcomer to the list earlier this season.
Walter Payton Award Watch List Honorees
-- Pat Devlin, QB, Delaware
-- Jonathan Grimes, RB, William and Mary
-- Ben Ijalana, OL, Villanova
-- Matt Szczur, WR, Villanova
-- Chris Whitney, QB, Villanova
NCAA Championship Notebook
-- CAA Football has had multiple NCAA Postseason berths in each of the last 19 seasons.
-- 13 CAA Football programs (including the Yankee Conference and Atlantic 10) have earned 71 postseason berths all-time dating back to 1978.
-- CAA Football has been represented in the NCAA Division I National Championship game in six of the last seven seasons.
-- In 2007 CAA Football became the first league to ever garner five postseason berths in the NCAA Division I Football Championship field of 16. The league went on to garner five more berths in the 2008 bracket.
-- A CAA Football program has won four of the last seven National Championships, while the other three have gone to one school -- Appalachian State (Southern).
-- Over the last two seasons CAA Football teams are 13-4 in NCAA Division I Championship games when not facing league opponents -- Appalachian State, Montana and Northern Iowa (twice).
-- Over the last seven seasons the league is 40-21 (.656) in playoff games, equalling only the Southern Conference's mark of 21-11 (.656) in terms of winning percentage.
-- CAA Football teams are 37-18 (.673) in playoff games over the last seven years when not facing league foes -- the best non-conference playoff percentage by any of the automatic-bid conferences.
-- The league's four first round wins in 2009 marked the second-straight and third season all-time CAA Football teams made up four of the final eight playoff squads.
-- CAA Football is 40-30 in first round playoff games dating back to 1978.
-- Villanova's trip to the National Championship game in 2009 marked the fifth different CAA Football team to compete in the National Championship game in the last seven seasons. The Wildcats' win in 2009 marked the fourth different CAA Football team to win the title over the last seven seasons.
-- CAA Football garnered two of the Top 4 seeds in the 2009 NCAA Division I Championships for the first time since 1997. Villanova was the bracket's No. 2 seed, while Richmond earned the No. 4 seed in 2009.
Saturday, Nov. 20 - 12 pm
Delaware Stadium (22,000), Newark, Del.
Television: TCN
Series: Villanova leads 22-20-1
Villanova (6-4, 4-3 CAA)
Coach: Andy Talley
Career: 213-124-2 (31 years)
School: 185-106-1 (26 years)
Rushing: Aaron Ball (10 G, 124-588 yards, 4 TD)
Passing: Chris Whitney (10 G, 144-226-5-1668 yards, 16 TD)
Receiving: Norman White (10 G, 51-619 yards, 7 TD)
Tackles: Marquis Kirkland (10 G, 39 solo, 33 assisted, 72 total)
Sacks: Marquis Kirkland (10 G, 3.5-22 yards)
Interceptions: James Pitts (10 G, 3-64 yards)
Delaware (9-1, 6-1 CAA)
Coach: K.C. Keeler
Career: 159-61-1 (17 years)
School: 71-40 (9 years)
Rushing: Andrew Pierce (10 G, 208-1080 yards, 12 TD)
Passing: Pat Devlin (9 G, 149-221-2-1853 yards, 11 TD)
Receiving: Nihja White (10 G, 35-432 yards, 3 TD)
Tackles: Paul Worrilow (10 G, 20 solo, 44 assisted, 64 total)
Sacks: Chris Morales (6 G, 2.5-23 yards)
Interceptions: Tyrone Grant (10 G, 4-113 yards)
Saturday, Nov. 20 - 12 pm
Alfond Stadium (10,000), Orono, Maine
Series: James Madison leads 9-4
James Madison (5-5, 2-5 CAA)
Coach: Mickey Matthews
Career: 87-56 (12 years)
School: 87-56 (12 years)
Rushing: Jamal Sullivan (9 G, 150-656 yards, 4 TD)
Passing: Drew Dudzik (10 G, 94-175-9-1252 yards, 5 TD)
Receiving: Kerby Long (10 G, 16-283 yards, 2 TD)
Tackles: Stephon Robertson (10 G, 35 solo, 55 assisted, 90 total)
Sacks: D.J. Bryant (10 G, 2.5-24 yards)
Interceptions: Jonathan Williams (10 G, 2-30 yards)
Maine (4-6, 3-4 CAA)
Coach: Jack Cosgrove
Career: 97-107 (18 years)
School: 97-107 (18 years)
Rushing: Pushaun Brown (10 G, 120-548 yards, 5 TD)
Passing: Warren Smith (10 G, 174-266-9-1749 yards, 9 TD)
Receiving: Derek Session (10 G, 46-555 yards, 1 TD)
Tackles: Donte Dennis (10 G, 48 solo, 49 assisted, 97 total)
Sacks: Doug Alston (10 G, 3.5-14 yards)
Interceptions: Vinson Givans (10 G, 2-48 yards)
Saturday, Nov. 20 - 12 pm
Cowell Stadium (6,500), Durham, N.H.
Series: New Hampshire leads 6-0
Towson (1-9, 0-7 CAA)
Coach: Rob Ambrose
Career: 6-25 (3 years)
School: 3-18 (2 years)
Rushing: Chris Hart (8 G, 113-518 yards, 1 TD)
Passing: Chris Hart (8 G, 82-172-6-1013 yards, 9 TD)
Receiving: Erron Banks (10 G, 38-326 yards, 0 TD)
Tackles: Jordan Dangerfield (10 G, 46 solo, 44 assisted, 90 total)
Sacks: Matt Morgan (10 G, 4.0-25 yards)
Interceptions: Chris Patterson (10 G, 1-6 yards)
New Hampshire (6-4, 4-3 CAA)
Coach: Sean McDonnell
Career: 86-57 (12 years)
School: 86-57 (12 years)
Rushing: Dontra Peters (10 G, 133-684 yards, 7 TD)
Passing: R.J. Toman (10 G, 200-324-10-2183 yards, 13 TD)
Receiving: Terrance Fox (10 G, 58-618 yards, 6 TD)
Tackles: Matt Evans (10 G, 66 solo, 62 assisted, 128 total)
Sacks: Brian McNally (10 G, 9.0-48 yards)
Interceptions: Dino Vasso (10 G, 5-(-10) yards)
Saturday, Nov. 20 - 12:30 pm
Meade Stadium (6,555), Kingston, R.I.
Series: Massachusetts leads 47-35-2
Massachusetts (6-4, 4-3 CAA)
Coach: Kevin Morris
Career: 35-42 (8 years)
School: 11-10 (2 years)
Rushing: John Griffin (10 G, 158-816 yards, 5 TD)
Passing: Kyle Havens (10 G, 194-303-6-2319 yards, 18 TD)
Receiving: Anthony Nelson (10 G, 57-701 yards, 3 TD)
Tackles: Tyler Holmes (10 G, 46 solo, 61 assisted, 107 total)
Sacks: Tyler Holmes (10 G, 5.0-28 yards)
Interceptions: Tyler Holmes (10 G, 5-70 yards)
Rhode Island (4-6, 3-4 CAA)
Coach: Joe Trainer
Career: 18-36 (5 years)
School: 5-16 (2 years)
Rushing: Ayo Isijola (10 G, 140-533 yards, 6 TD)
Passing: Steve Probst (10 G, 177-298-12-1676 yards, 6 TD)
Receiving: Anthony Baskerville (10 G, 44-432 yards, 2 TD)
Tackles: Matt Hansen (10 G, 56 solo, 52 assisted, 108 total)
Sacks: James Immins (9 G, 3.0-12 yards)
Interceptions: Jarrod Williams (10 G, 4-36 yards)
Saturday, Nov. 20 - 3:30 pm
Zable Stadium (12,259), Williamsburg, Va.
Television: TCN/COX11
Series: William and Mary leads 59-55-5
Richmond (6-4, 4-3 CAA)
Coach: Latrell Scott
Career: 6-4 (First year)
School: 6-4 (First year)
Rushing: Tyler Kirchoff (10 G, 115-530 yards, 6 TD)
Passing: Aaron Corp (5 G, 67-123-4-645 yards, 3 TD)
Receiving: Tre Gray (9 G, 37-470 yards, 2 TD)
Tackles: Eric McBride (10 G, 44 solo, 70 assisted, 114 total)
Sacks: Martin Parker (10 G, 4.5-40 yards)
Interceptions: Patrick Weldon (10 G, 4-4 yards)
William and Mary (7-3, 5-2 CAA)
Coach: Jimmye Laycock
Career: 207-144-2 (31 years)
School: 207-144-2 (31 years)
Rushing: Jonathan Grimes (10 G, 478-714 yards, 8 TD)
Passing: Mike Callahan (7 G, 96-153-3-1215 yards, 8 TD)
Receiving: Ryan Moody (10 G, 38-599 yards, 2 TD)
Tackles: Dante Cook (9 G, 41 solo, 48 assisted, 89 total)
Sacks: Marcus Hyde (10 G, 5.5-30 yards)
Interceptions: Dante Cook (9 G, 2-134 yards)


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Central Vermont Travel Guide
- Overview
- Places to Explore
- Sights
- Restaurants
- Hotels
- Entertainment
- Shopping
- Activities
- Travel Tips
- Fodor's Choice
- Deals
Fodor's Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire
Trade Paperback
Plan Your Central Vermont Vacation
Central Vermont's economy once centered on marble quarrying and mills. But today, as in much of the rest of the state, tourism drives the economic engine. The center of the dynamo is Killington, the East's largest downhill resort, but central Vermont has more to discover than high-speed chairlifts and slope-side condos. The old mills of Quechee and Middlebury are now home to restaurants and shops, giving wonderful views of the waterfalls that once powered the mill turbines. Woodstock has upscale shops and a national historic park. Away from these settlements, the protected (except for occasional logging) lands of the Green Mountain National Forest are laced with hiking trails.
Central Vermont Hotels
Fodor's local writers visit every hotel we recommend. Look for our discerning Fodor's Choice picks or search by price and location.
Central Vermont Restaurants
Find the best Central Vermont restaurants in every price category with our top picks.
Things To Do in Central Vermont
Explore the best sights, entertainment, and shopping with our top choices and insider tips.
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