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It drops into the yard and alights upon the cup plant, forgoing the butterfly bush oddly enough, or maybe it hasn't noticed it across the yard. High in the air, at least a foot taller than me, it rides the gently undulating stalks. The afternoon sun squints through the pine trees as the monarch feasts upon the nectar of the lemon-hued flowers. A cicada beats in the distance. The sounds and the scenes of summer. It is not quite done with us yet. It is reminding me to slow down. I do pause there, holding the sight, watching the butterfly work.
They travel thousands of miles – all the way from Mexico I've read – and they'll continue on through Maine. We'll see them there in October, a riot of striped orange on magenta cosmos or deep purple asters, swarming the gardens by the shore. Against a bright blue sky, they flit and flutter, assured of their magnificence, deceptively cloaked in the most frail-seeming of flashy outfits, but such armor has brought them all the way across the continent.
Vestiges of the caterpillar remain, because you can never completely shed your past, no matter how far you fly, no matter what costume you wear.Back to Blog


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subset: commoncrawl


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The one killer move that I think we haven't covered for OP is display urination.
You have to be careful, though, so that it isn't mistaken for submissive urination.
Also, you run the even worse risk that people will mistake you for Andy Dick.
Attachment 14138
Now, if he really pissed you off, what you do is befriend his brother or father (also easier if you are not the ladies man, which you aren't lets face it hmmkay?)
..yes...go out for drinks with the both of them if possible, ruffi their beers, and have a three way from hell, im talking doing research before hand in the dirtiest porn sites known to man , buying accessories from Lebbel's on-line Dutch sex shop etc.
you feeling me?. It could be that you won't be able to get it up..i recommend a couple of Viagras in red-bull-vodka, also make sure you give some to them too, so it seems they are into it (it will help with the police investigation that might ensue..).
You pre hire a porn film maker so the video is 95% porn quality (don't pretend like you don't know what i'm talking about hhmkay?) and listen to his direction he is a pro.
Now i could go on and on, but the end result is he ate his parents divorced his wife and you end up adopting his kids.
One day, many years after the **** calmed down, you go visit him with your/his ex son in the mad house. You make his kid wear a T shirt saying "Don't **** with my wife!", and calmly unfold your master plan......success!
Can't shake the feeling that point 2 in the OP was an adjunct for:
He may, however, also run the risk of annoying the crap out of his girlfriend, who probably does the washing. Because anyone who's this obsessed about being an 'alpha male' would be unable to function well enough to figure out how washing machines work.
I always make sure to hump everyone's leg.
This makes me undisputed alpha male.
Yeah I get these stares after I humped those legs, totally in awe.


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It's NO SECRET that the NSA, CIA, and court mandated probation officers are out there reading our blogs, watching our every move, and leaving flaming bags of poo on our doorsteps!
As someone determined to share the REAL TRUTH, I'm always working to stay one step ahead of them, and for that I've become a victim of BIOLOGICAL WARFARE.
I already know what you're thinking. "Ben, are you suggesting the US government has been leaving flaming bags of virus-laden poop on your doorstep?"
The answer? DID YOU JUST WAKE UP OR SOMETHING? And to prove it, I've got the evidence right here. The following are real-time JOURNAL, not diary, entries of incidents that have occurred over the span of five hellish years.
Tues Nov 6th 10:46:14 PM 2012: Doorbell ding-dongs. Pull self away from computer to answer door, only to find paper bag engulfed in flames on porch. Quick reflexes lead me to stamp it out with foot but I'm met with even bigger problem: there's poop in there. Shoes ruined. Jump back online to find NObama has been elected to serve second term. Message received.
I Covered Myself In Tape So My Laptop Can't Spy On Me Anymore
SECOND AMENDMENT UNDER FIRE: Gun Stores Everywhere DECLINE My Credit Card
Fast-forward to two years later. Surveillance has apparently picked up.
Thurs June 12th 06:17:22 AM 2014: Tiptoe out door to retrieve newspaper from neighbor's driveway, stepped on something that caused me to slide. Looked down to find small amount of poop hidden in old newspaper placed on porch. Left slipper ruined. Someone (or someTHING) has DEFINITELY been monitoring my habits.
The most recent incident occurred just this year, and the methods are becoming more sinister. In addition to this poop-bomb, I found rolls of toilet paper strung through my trees.
Fri Mar 17th 03:56:09 PM 2017: Arrived home from pet store to find Arby's bag on fire on front step. Ran over to kick onto lawn and surprise, surprise: poop turds inside AGAIN! Perhaps group of Bernie-brained teens jogging down street saw the culprit? Either way, five pound bag of Forti-Diet Pro Health gerbil food dropped amid commotion. SEEDS EVERYWHERE.
Because I now know that they are definitely reading this, I'll be seeking safer ways to deliver the TRUTH. Until then, I'll be sitting in this HazMat suit and awaiting your next move, government.
For more information about GOVERNMENT GONE TOO FAR, follow on Facebook at Lizard People of NY or Twitter @realTruthBang. Comments


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We are in areas of grassroots India where the tourist never goes, so our Ganga gang really gets looked at, wherever we go.
The food in the simplest of places is always served piping hot, all fresh ingredients and a great boon for Michele and Nat after their camping for several nights. All vegetarian, spicy and really flavorful dishes. Potatoes are the newest crop and the combos of these (aloo) with so many other vegetables is a taste sensation. Rice (chawal) is long-grained and tasty. Fresh hot bread, similar to our tortillas, called roti or chapatis, comes with every meal and is used for the forks. The dishes are served in small metal bowls, and we always order a great variety to eat till we are stuffed, and to keep that rowin' Nat a happy man, he finishes them all with gusto. $6!
Michele and Nat had paddled/rowed about 62 miles in two days. Michele is happy to paddle in the moonlight and they have sense a sense of the Ganga now that they are happy to go in the dark.
Michele is even able to do some yoga on her paddleboard, and loves this process, as well as meditation for long stretches. And on her long day to us, she even managed to swim and wash twice, right in the Ganga in deep areas!
We see the other side of rural Indian life as we travel ahead now, a couple of days in front of them. We see the markets, the throngs of people doing everyday things, but occupied as life requires. Lots of school kids in such varieties of uniforms from the plaid skirts and white shirts, to the saris with v-shaped scarves of different colors. And speaking of saris, India is nothing if not a riot of color and bangles. A dusty road in a small village suddenly comes alive with a flock of brilliantly colored women with sequins and bangles glimmering in the sun. The colors defy description and would make a rainbow blush. Traffic is along lanes as narrow as our bike trails, but with vehicles that are huge -- trucks, buses, buffalo with giant horns pulling enormous loads, donkeys with equal loads, and occasionally camels! Then there are the people movers: rickshaws with bikes, and 3-wheeled vehicles called tuk-tuks that are motorized. All are stuffed to the brim with people going on their ways. And always people on bicycles and walking. Now take that above combo and put them on a road all at the same time, and add all the horns of New York, all honking at once. Judy and I don't even cringe anymore at the truck plunging headlong at us, because we know Gishan is a great driver, and we pass with indeed micro millimeters to spare!
Michele and Nat love their camping on the white island beaches in the river. They have snug tents, Michele even was able to find a great piece of foam to supplement her air mattress, and they finally have the primus working correctly so hot food and coffee is a cinch! She says the quiet, the lack of lights and the great stars are such a contrast to the busy world on the shores.
I never miss the opportunity to smile at a woman or a child, and the return smiles, usually shyly, sometimes exuberant are so dear and sweet to see. I'm sure we all wonder so much about each other's lives, but there must be so many areas that are the same.
And after a great dinner back to the hotel for re-organizing, downloading more photos from Nat, and sleep, we take them back to the river with some more lovely encounters with village people and off they go.
Late yesterday afternoon a disturbing call: Michele had a blowout on her board! Seems they went to see a funeral pyre, were invited to attend and Nat filmed, but the resulting blast got to her board. Fortunately Uli supplied a great patch kit, and she said they were back on their way! More on this when I hear.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 7, 2000
|Filing date
|May 20, 1998
|Priority date
|May 20, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Chi-Sung Laih, Fu-Kuan Tu, Yung-Chen Lee
|Original Assignee
|Network Security Technology Co., Lan-Ying Chiang
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (37), Classifications (36), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
______________________________________Function FRSEXP (M,d,N,R)// INPUT M,d,N,R// OUTPUT C = M.sup.d (mod NR)i := RR*;S = iM (mod NR);P = S;For j = 1-1 down to 1 do{P = P.sup.2 (mod NR);If d.sub.j = 1 then do {If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else P = PS (mod NR);}};If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else C = P (mod N);}______________________________________
______________________________________Function FRSCRT-RSA (M,d,N,p,q,R)// INPUT M,d,N,p,q,R// OUTPUT C = M.sup.d (mod NR)d.sub.p = d (mod p);d.sub.q = d (mod q);x.sub.1 = FRSEXP (M,d.sub.p,p,R); // x.sub.1 = (RR.sub.p *M).sup.dp (modpR)y.sub.1 = x.sub.1 � R.sub.p.sup.-1 (mod pR);x.sub.2 = FRSEXP (M,d.sub.q,q,R); //x.sub.2 = (RR.sub.q *M).sup.d (modqR);y.sub.2 = x.sub.2 � R.sub.q.sup.-1 (mod qR);P = crt(pqR,pR,qR,y.sub.1,y.sub.2);If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else C = P (mod NR);}______________________________________
1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to public key cryptosystems, and more particularly to a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks since protection of the secret information stored in a tamperproof device is very important to an electronic cash system. A new fault-resistant method and system for countering information leakage to resist both the memory and computational fault-based attacks has been developed. The fault-resistant system can be readily implemented in public key cryptosystems and will achieve a high performance in computation.
2. Description of the Related Art
A smart card, which involves public-key or secret-key cryptosystems in a tamperproof device to ensure the security, is held as an important invention to provide people with a more convenient life style. The security of the public-key based smart card systems depends on the supposed difficulty of a factorization or discrete logarithm problem. For a tamperfree device, however, the secret information stored in a memory or register may induce random transient faults due to the attacks by applying stress, electromagnetic waves, ionization, etc. The transient faults can be further divided into memory faults and computational faults, and those attacks, which are called memory and computational fault-based attacks, break various public-key cryptosystems by taking the advantage of random hardware faults, and so endanger many network security products and systems.
A memory fault denotes an original information bit stored in the memory or register spontaneously changed from 1 to 0, or vice versa. In this case, there is no additional information obtained from the error to attack the cryptosystem. This is because the system now behaves like the one with a different secret key.
Furthermore, some secret information may be revealed by using the faulty output if the stored secret key is correct but is randomly caused to become faulty when it was fetched from the memory. However, if the information is verified successfully after it is fetched from the memory, the memory fault attack can be prevented.
A computational fault indicates that a fault is generated during a cryptographic computation. Since a processor must access the memory and perform the cryptographic computation frequently, the computational fault may occur with a higher probability than the memory fault.
One computational fault-based attack on an RSA public-key cryptosystem is described as follows. Let N=pq and e�d=1 (mod �(N)), where p and q are large primes, (e,N) and d are public and secret keys, respectively; and �(�) is the Euler totient function. For an RSA digital signature s=md (mod N), sp =md (mod p) and sq =md (mod q) are first computed and the signature s is subsequently obtained by using the Chinese Remainder Theory (CRT), that is, s=crt (N,p,q,sp,sq).
However, the result of the cryptographic computation may be erroneous due to the computational fault. Let sp ' be a faulty partial signature, and sq be an error-free one, then a faulty signature is s'=crt(N,p,q,sp ',sq). If an attacker obtains a message m and the faulty signature s', a prime q can be successfully obtained by computing q=GCD((s')e -m,N), where GCD denotes the greatest common divisor. Thus, the RSA cryptosystem will be completely broken by using one computational fault only.
Conventional countermeasures such as recomputations and verifications, or random padding, etc. are used to resist the fault-based attacks. However, those conventional methods still have some disadvantages with respect to computational complexity.
In order to detect faults in a tamperproof device during the cryptographic computation, it is necessary to develop an efficient computation system with an error-checking ability. On public-key cryptosystems, a structure of a fault-resistant system (FRS) which is a public system being capable to detect any fault existing in modular multiplication with very high probability as well as a concrete implementation of the FRS for the RSA system are set forth as follows. This fault-resistant RSA system can also resist the memory fault-based attacks and can be readily applied to other public-key cryptosystems with the same algebraic structure.
The present invention is directed to a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks with an implementation.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks, which comprises steps of: mapping a message from a ring to an extended ring by applying a mathematical equation of f(a)=aRR* (mod NR) to generate a codeword; checking the codeword by performing a generalized fast Chinese Remainder Theory (CRT) computation; and mapping the final result in the extended ring into a message in the ring.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a hardware structure for implementing a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks, which comprises a plurality of encoders for encoding input messages into codewords, a plurality of error-checking components for respectively performing error-checking operations to check the respective codewords generated by the respective encoders, a multiplier for performing a multiplication operation on the checked codewords respectively from the error-checking components, an error-checking element for performing an error-checking operation to check the multiplication result, and a decoder for decoding the multiplication result from the multiplier.
The above objective, other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating a hardware structure for implementing a method for designing public key cryptosystems against fault-based attacks in accordance with the present invention.
First, a mathematical structure of a fault-resistant system (FRS) is disclosed. A model of FRS is concisely explained and a formal mathematical description is subsequently discussed as follows.
1. Model of FRS
In most public key cryptosystems, though they can perform a modular multiplication operation only, their structure is actually a ring (ZN,+,�), called a ring of an integer modulo N, which is a commutative ring with identity. In an RSA system, N is a composite, while in other public-key cryptosystems, N may be a large prime.
The error detecting/correcting ability of a common error detecting/correcting code is designed for errors which have occurred during a message transmission only. Since there is no operation between codewords in the error detecting/correcting code, there is no need for any operation structure in codeword spaces.
The error detecting ability of the FRS is designed to detect the errors which have occurred within the modular multiplication operation in ring (ZN,+,�). To provide an ability for error detection, the distance between message words should be enlarged while they are being encoded into codewords. That is, a message space, a ring (ZN,+,�) and an original structure of the public-key cryptosystem are mapped into a sufficiently large encoding space, ring (ZM,+,�) with M>N, and a multiplication modulo N is converted into a multiplication modulo M.
For saving results of the multiplication operation, the mathematical structure of the codeword space, 0that is, an image of the ring (ZN,+,�) contained therein, must be isomorphic to the original message space (ZN,+,�) to ensure the final result is correct.
Thus, an FRS system should embed the original message space (ZN,+,�) into an extended ring (ZM,+,�) and then operate on the extended ring instead.
2. Mathematical Structure of FRS
A problem exists in what an encoding space (ZM,+,�) is and how to find a suitable one. A complete description of ZM and an algorithm for implementing the FRS system will be given sequentially as follows.
Here, terminologies of algebra such as semigroup, group, ring, field, commutative semigroup, commutative ring, etc. are assumed to be known to those who are skilled in the art.
An element i in a ring (R,+,�.) is said to be idempotent, if i�i=i.
A mapping f of semigroup (S,�) to semigroup (S',*) such that
f(x�y)=f(x) * f(y)
for both x and y εS, is said to be a homomorphism of S into S'. Moreover, f is called an isomorphism of S if f is injective, that is, if f(x)=f(y) implies x=y.
A mapping between two rings is called a homomorphism if it is a homomorphism to both operations of rings respectively. A homomorphism is called an isomorphism if it is injective.
A semigroup (ring) S is said to be isomorphic to a semigroup (ring) S', denoted symbolically by S≅S', if there exists an isomorphism from S onto S'.
A ring R is said to be embedded into a ring R' if there exists a subring S' of R' such that R≅S' and the isomorphism from R onto S' is called an embedded mapping and R' is an extended ring of R.
An element a in a group G having a power of n is equal to an identity e where n>0, that is, an =e. No other positive integer power of a is smaller than n and n is called an order of a which is denoted by o(a). The order of a finite group is the number of elements in the group.
It should be noted that a group homomorphism maps the identity of one group into the identity of another group and a ring homomorphism maps the zero of one ring into the zero of another ring. However, the ring homomorphism does not always map the identity of one ring R with identity into the identity of another ring R'. In fact, if f is an embedded mapping from ZN into ZM, then an image f(ZN) is an ideal of ZM. An ideal of a ring with identity contains no invertible element of the ring and consequently contains no invertible element of ZM, that is, the identity 1' of ZM is not contained in f(ZN) at all.
On the other hand, the f(ZN), being isomorphic to ZN, itself is a ring with identity and must possess multiplicative identity of its own, which is not the same as the identity of the whole ring ZM. The image f(a) of an invertible element a of ZN possesses an inverse in f(ZN) during a multiplication operation of ZM while f(a) may be not invertible in ZM.
Two questions arise, which are: what is the identity of f(ZN) and how can it be mapped. The following sets out a description to ZM.
Theorem 1: Let N, M be two positive integers with M>N. If f is a nontrivial isomorphism from a ring ZN into a ring ZM, then
(2). f(1)=1', where 1 and 1' are identities of ZN and ZM respectively.
(3). f(1)=i, where i is an idempotent element of order N.
(4). f(b)=ib, for all b in ZN.
Theorem 2: ZN can be embedded into ZM if and only if
(2). There exists an idempotent element of order N in ZM.
Lemma 3: Let a<M, and let g=GCD(a,M) with a=ga', M=gM' and GCD(a',M')=1.
Then a is N-preserved in ZM if and only if N≦M'.
Corollary 4: Let a<M, and let g, a', M' be the same as defined in Lemma 3.
Then a in ZM is an element of order N if and only if N=M'.
Theorem 5: If GCD(R,N)=1 and R�R*=1 (mod N), then i=R�R* is an idempotent element of order N both in ZNR and ZNR *.
According to Theorem 2 and Theorem 5, it is clear that a mapping defined by f(a)=aRR* (mod NR) from ZN into ZNR is an embedding and an implementation of FRS should embed the RSA space ZN into a larger space ZNR to provide the ability for detecting errors.
3. Implementation of FRS
Next, an implementation of the FRS is described. In the FRS, a ring ZN is embedded into an extended ring ZNR and then operated thereon. Except the difference in a bit length, the fault-resistant addition and multiplication operations in ZNR are the same as those in ZN. Therefore, no special adder or multiplier is required in the FRS.
In the FRS, since message space ZN is embedded into ZNR and then operated therein, an encoder is needed to map a message x in ZN into a codeword X in ZNR by using X=xi (mod NR), where i is defined as in Theorem 5.
First, a message x of the FRS is sent to an input terminal of the encoder where the message x is encoded into a codeword X, and then, an output of the encoder, which is the codeword X, is checked to ensure there is no error in an encoding process by examining whether x=X (mod N) is hold or not.
After the original message x has been encoded into the codeword X successfully, the codeword X is stored into a memory or executed a further computational operation immediately. An error-checking operation should be performed to detect any possible computational errors whenever after one fundamental calculation (an addition or a multiplication operation) in the FRS is done. Such an operation is performed to check whether this result is still a codeword in ZNR, that is, whether this result can be divisible by R or not.
All computational operations in the FRS are performed in ZNR. A final result of a desired encryption/decryption should be extracted from ZNR. Accordingly, a decoder is required to inversely map the final result Z in ZNR to a z in ZN by using z=Z (mod N).
FIG. 1 shows a fault-resistant multiplier. An input x of a first encoder 10 is in a ring ZN and an output thereof is in a ring ZNR. Similarly, another input y of a second encoder 20 is also in the ring ZN and another output Y thereof is in the ring ZNR. An encoding process is made by performing an encoding operation by using a mapping equation X=xR�R* (mod NR) and Y=yR�R* in the encoders 10, 20, respectively. To make sure that no error has occurred during the encoding process, the output X of the first encoder 10 is sent to a first error-checking device 30 to check whether x=X (mod N) is held or not. In a similar way, the output Y of the second encoder 20 is sent to a second error-checking device 40 to check whether y=Y (mod N) is held or not. If the conditions are held, that is, there is no error found in the error-detecting devices 30 and 40, X and Y are inputted to a modular multiplier 50 after the original messages x and y are respectively encoded into codewords X and Y, but the encoding process is stopped if there is an error found.
The modular multiplier 50 performs operations in ZNR. An output Z of the modular multiplier 50 is sent to a third error-checking device 60 to check whether Z=XY (mod NR) is satisfied. Z will be decoded to z=Z (mod N)=xy (mod N) by a decoder 70 if the error-checking operation is successfully performed, and an alarm is generated otherwise.
4. The Fault-Resistant CRT Computation
To an ordinary Chinese Remainder Theory (CRT), a fast CRT algorithm for an RSA system has been carried out. A Fault-Resistant CRT computation is discussed as follows.
Suppose p and q are integers with GCD(p,q)=1, and p<q, then x can be figured out to satisfy the condition of 0≦x<p*q, such that x=a (mod p) and x=b (mod q). And
1. x=(((a-(b mod p))�u) mod p)�q+b if a≧b (mod p),
2. x=(((a+p-(b mod p))�u) mod p)�q+b if a<b (mod p),
where uq=1 (mod p).
If the CRT computation is required in the FRS, since Zp and Zq are mapped to ZpR and ZqR and GCD(pR,qR)=R=1, the fast CRT algorithm described above must be modified to a general form as follows.
5. The Generalized Fast CRT Computation
Suppose p, q and R are pairwise coprime integers with p<q, x can be figured out to satisfy the condition of 0≦x<p*q*R, such that x=a (mod pR), x=b (mod qR) with R|(a-b). Then x=crt(pqR, pR, qR, a, b), that is
1. x=(((a-(b mod pR))�u) mod p)�qR+b if a≧b (mod pR),
2. x=(((a+pR-(b mod pR))�u) mod p)�qR+b if a<b (mod pR),
where uq=1 (mod p). Here, (((a-(b mod pR))�u) mod p) in case 1 is computed in ring ZpR as stated in section 4 and an error checking operation is made thereafter, whereafter the result is then mapped back to ring Zp so as to preserve the error detecting ability. The last portion of a multiplication by qR and an addition to b in case 1 is made in ZRN. The computation in case 2 is similar to that in case 1.
6. The Fault-Resistant Exponential Computation
In a Fault-Resistant Exponential computation, an exponent is not encoded and the exponential computation is done by multiplying a multiplier itself iteratedly, and thus the exponent is assumed to be error-free. All the operations in the exponential computation are the same as those in an ordinary exponential computation except the difference in the length of an operand and an error checking operation which is performed after each multiplication operation is done. Therefore, the most famous method such as a square-and-multiply or sliding-windows can be applied thereto.
An integer is referred to as square-free if all of its prime divisors are not repeated. A square-free integer S has a characteristic of S|P if and only if S|P2 and P can be any integer. Therefore, if the parameter S is square-free, then the number of times of executing the error checking operation can be reduced when applying the square-and-multiply or sliding-windows method shown in the following algorithm. A preferable choice of the parameter S is 232 -1 which will be discussed in the next section. In fact, the probability of a large integer being square-free is about 0.61 and thus most integers are all square-free.
An efficient algorithm called Algorithm FRSEXP for a modular exponential computation using the square-and-multiply method is described as follows. Algorithm using the sliding-windows method can be done in a similar way. The Algorithm FRSEXP ensures the probability of failing to detect errors is 1/R when an error is generated during the computation.
Let a binary representation of a secret key be d-dl-1 dl-2 . . . d1 d0 and dl-1 =1. A signature c=md (mod NR) with d from the most significant bit (MSB) to the least significant bit (LSB) can be calculated by the aforementioned algorithm. A final result of the exponential computation can be extracted from C by c=C (mod N), if necessary. This algorithm can be easily modified to calculate the signature. Note that the algorithm can also be readily modified to compute the signature more efficiently if other fast algorithms for the exponential computation such as m-ary method and its variants are applied thereto. The modular exponential computation is shown below.
______________________________________Function FRSEXP (M,d,N,R)// INPUT M,d,N,R// OUTPUT C = M.sup.d (mod NR)i := RR*;S = iM (mod NR);P = S;For j = 1-2 down to 0 do{P = P.sup.2 (mod NR);If d.sub.j = 1 then do {If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else P = PS (mod NR);}};If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else C = P (mod NR);}______________________________________
7. The Fault-Resistant CRT-based exponential computation
A Fault-Resistant CRT-based exponential computation by the case of RSA is shown below.
Let Rp *, Rq *, Rp -1 and Rq -1, satisfy RRp *=1 (mod p), RRq *=1 (mod q), Rp -1 Rp *=1 (mod pR) and Rq -1 Rq *=1 (mod qR), respectively. Let dp =d (mod p) and dq =d (mod q).
The algorithm is as follows:
______________________________________Function FRSCRT-RSA (M,d,N,p,q,R)// INPUT M,d,N,p,q,R// OUTPUT C = M.sup.d (mod NR)d.sub.p = d (mod p);d.sub.q = d (mod q);x.sub.1 = FRSEXP (M,d.sub.p,p,R); // x.sub.1 = (RR.sub.p *M).sup.dp (modpR)y.sub.1 = x.sub.1 � R.sub.p.sup.-1 (mod pR);x.sub.2 = FRSEXP (M,d.sub.q,q,R); //x.sub.2 = (RR.sub.q *M).sup.d (modqR);y.sub.2 = x.sub.2 � R.sub.q.sup.-1 (mod qR);P = crt(pqR,pR,qR,y.sub.1,y.sub.2);If RP then output "erroneous computation" and STOP.else C = P (mod NR);}______________________________________
The CRT and exponential computations required in the above algorithm have been discussed in sections 5 and 6.
Now; a fault-detecting ability of FRS is described as follows. The fault-detecting ability of FRS can be divided into a memory fault-detecting ability and a computational fault-detecting ability.
8. Detecting Ability for Memory Faults
Let x be the secret key to be stored in a memory.
At first, x is encoded to X and then stored in the memory. Assuming that memory faults exist in the memory and a fetched secret key is X'=X+E, where E denotes the memory faults. In a decoding process, if RX', that is, X' is not divisible by R, then the memory faults can be detected. However, if X' is divisible by R, then the memory faults cannot be detected. Obviously, if X' can be viewed as a random integer in ZNR, then the probability that the memory faults cannot be detected is 1/R. However, a detecting ability of a code is defined as a minimum Hamming distance of the code according to a coding theory. That is, if the detecting ability of the code is k, then every memory fault E whose weight w(E) is less than k can be detected. Thus, how to choose a parameter R in the FRS such that the detecting ability is maximized when a range of R is given is introduced.
Here, the following shows that if R is selected to be R=2k -1 for some k, then the error detecting ability of the disclosed FRS would be k-1 bits.
Let I be a set of all positive integers and let A, B, S be positive integers of n bits, and w(A) is denoted to be the Hamming weight of A. The binary representations of A, B and S are A=(an-1,an-2, . . . ,a1,a0), B=(bn-1,bn-2, . . . ,b1,b0) and S=(sn-1, sn-2, . . . ,s1,s0), respectively. Let c-1 =0 and let ci, i=0,1, . . . ,n-1, be carries of the ith bit for the addition of A+B.
#(A+B) is defined to be the total number of the carries which equal to 1 in S=A+B. That is
#(A+B)=#{ci =1|ci =(ai ⊕bi)ci-1 (a1 bi), i=0,1, . . . ,n-1}
where ⊕, , , are bitwise operations of XOR, AND and OR, respectively.
A carry-chain of length l is a sequence of l+1 carries<ci c1+1, . . . , ci+l >such that ci-1 =ci+1 =0 and ci =ci+1 = . . . =ci+l-1 =1. The ci, ci+1 are referred to as the chain-head and chain-rear respectively, while cj, i<j<i+l-1, are the chain-body. A carry ci is referred to as in-chain, if ci is in some carry-chain, otherwise it is referred to as unchained.
Lemma 8: Let A, B ε I ∪ {0}, then
Corollary 9: Let E=et 2kt +et-1 2k(t-1) + . . . +e1 2k +e0 for some k ε I, t ε I ∪ {0}, and ei ε I with 0≦ei <2k, i=0,1, . . . ,t. Then ##EQU1##
Theorem 10: Let E be a positive integer and R=2k -1, for some k ε N.
If R|E, then w(E)≧k.
Theorem 11: If R is chosen to be 2k -1, then the detecting ability for the memory fault in the disclosed FRS is k-1.
In other words, the minimum Hamming distance in the disclosed FRS is k if R is chosen to be 2k -1.
9. Detecting Ability for Computational Faults
Since Z=XY (mod NR)=xyRR* (mod NR), Z will be divisible by R if no error has occurred. Assuming that computational faults have occurred, let the faulty result be Z'=Z+E. If w(E)<k, then RZ' and the faults will also be detected. Hence, the system can also resist the computational fault-based attacks. The probability that an error detection has failed is 1/R. Finally, the system will output z=Z (mod N)=xy (mod N) if the error checking condition is satisfied; otherwise, the system outputs nothing but an alarm.
In the last section, the performance of the FRS and the optimal value of R are shown below.
The disclosed FRS has a low computational overhead, where the computational overhead is defined as: ##EQU2##
The Odisc and Oorg denote the computational complexity in bit operations of the disclosed FRS and the original scheme without the checking ability respectively. Supposing that N and R are l and k bits in length respectively, then Oorg for the modular multiplication is l2, while Odisc is (l+k)2, Hence the computational overhead for the modular multiplication is (2kl+k2)/l2. Note that the computational overhead for the modular exponentiation required in RSA (as well as in other cryptosystems) is the same as that for the modular multiplication since the length of an exponent is the same for the disclosed FRS and the original scheme. If l=1024 and k=32, which are reasonable assumptions since l=1024 satisfies a general security consideration and the detecting ability can be accepted, then the computational overhead is 6.3%. Therefore, the modular exponentiation can be computed correctly and efficiently through the FRS. For the selection of the optimal value of R, the FRS can detect up to k-1 bits of errors in E. Thus, the performance of the detecting ability will be enhanced with a large w(R). In this case, R=2k -1 is a good choice for a fixed length of R.
Another advantage for R=2k -1 is that the modular computations can be speeded up in this special case. Let A=at-1 2.sup.(t-1)k +at-2 2.sup.(t-2)k + . . . +a1 2k +a0, where 1≦ai <2k for 0≦i≦t-1, and t=.left brkt-top.l/k.right brkt-top., .left brkt-top. .right brkt-top. denotes a ceiling function. Then the modular computations such as S=A (mod R) will be speeded up by ##EQU3## (mod R). By repeatedly performing these processes, he modular exponential operation can be executed more quickly.
With respect to the error-detecting probability, since the probability is 1/R for an error detection failure, the performance will be enhanced for a large R. However, in this situation, the computational complexity will be increased.
Therefore, the value of R is a trade-off between the error-detecting ability and the computational complexity, but it is essential to choose a special form such as R=2k -1. A value of R=232 -1 is recommended for a bit length of 1024 bits of N.
While the present invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover all such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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Robert Wesley, Biomedical Engineer-Research, Nicklaus Children's Hospital
Costs associated with the implementation of 3D modeling should be justified by improvements in patient outcomes and communication within healthcare. Institutional assessment of 52 models printed from 38 patients yielded a median time allocation for the physical printing of models of 6.6 hours with a median total material cost of $106. Postulated benefits include increased diagnostic accuracy, decreased procedural times, decreased morbidity and cost, and improved education of providers and patients. In our experience, physician testimony supports the utility of these models in improved understanding of complex anatomy and procedural planning. 3D modeling and printing are uniquely suited to aid in the management of complex congenital heart defects through the production of patient specific models.
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The following items have been tagged:
Blog post | May 25, 2012 05:29 AM | Comments(16)
Gian Gentile asks why Stanley McChrystal is teaching an "off-the-record" course at Yale.
A look inside the increasingly pivotal nation.
Journal Article | November 12, 2012 09:40 AM | Comments(5)
Address the issue now before it becomes a crisis.
Capo-militaries, by their diverse portfolio of activities, such as the use of sophisticated weapons, logistics, and tactics, have become threats to national and international security.
If the Joint Chiefs only learned about the withdrawal scheme a mere few hours before the State of the Union was given, then it is appropriate to question whether the state of civil-military relations...
A valuable and deeply researched source that provides a rarely-so-comprehensive comparative analysis of civil-military relations across four distinct nations; Canada, Russia, Germany, and the U.S.


text:
I love wrist watches. You do not see many men wearing watches anymore. I guess it has to do with the prevalence of cell phones. The cell phone always has the correct time. It tells you the date.
A watch is so much more convenient, all I need do is turn my wrist a little to see at a glance what time it is.
I feel naked without a watch – I suppose my father had a lot to do with this. He always wore a wrist watch. I have an assortment of watches. I have a watch that Jimmy Hoffa presented to my grandfather for 25 years of service as a Teamster in Philadelphia. I have my father's watch. I only wear them on special occasions – could not bear the thought of destroying them or losing them. They cannot be replaced. Continue reading »


text:
1/4 Cup Of The Concentrate Makes A Gallon Of Cleaner
I've been using Meyer's Clean Day Multi-Surface Concentrate (Lemon Verbena scent) for over 5 years. In my opinion, it is the BEST multi-surface cleaner out there.
Why? First, it doesn't come with all the chemicals most cleaners use and it still gets the job done beautifully. It's ingredients are at least 98% naturally derived and are free of: Parabens, Phthalates, Glycol Solvents, Chlorine, Formaldehyde, and Artificial Colors. It is full of: Plant Derived Ingredients, Natural Essential Oils, Birch Bark Extract and the most important ingredient of all, tap water.


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Home to international tech companies like Google, Apple, and Facebook, Silicon Valley is the center of the technology industry. It encompasses the cities of San Jose, Palo Alto, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, Cupertino, and more — all linked by interstate 101 and the Caltrain system, making it an easy day... Read More
Palo Alto
Luxury can mean a lot of different things. At the Clement Hotel in Palo Alto it means never having to sign for a charge, pull out a credit card, or leave a tip. The Clement is all-inclusive, and they do mean "all." Meals and drinks are included, whether you... Read More
It's back-to-books time at college campuses across the country, but you don't have to pass the entrance exams to enjoy an enriching visit to these brainy-but-beautiful institutions. The campuses at the head of the class combine factors like sublime natural settings, historic architecture, world-class cultural centers, and spirited sporting... Read More
Techies, rejoice: Staying in Silicon Valley just got even more geek-friendly. Palo Altos 4-star Garden Court Hotel is offering a deluxe experience for the visiting entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, and inventors amongst you or for those who just want to pretend to be for a weekend. For a mere $1,229... Read More
By: Suzanne Steinert Following the release of Slumdog Millionaire (2009's Best Picture Oscar winner) and India's subsequent boom in tourism, it's no question – movies trigger the travel bug. We've created a list of 10 real-life Oscar film locations, based on the 83rd Academy Awards' Best Picture nominees, on where... Read More


text:
No Hillary, praise beThursday, July 31st, 2008
Obama-Clinton ticket group shuts down
WASHINGTON – An effort to urge Barack Obama to pick former rival Hillary Rodham Clinton as his running mate is shutting down under the assumption she is not a contender for the No. 2 spot.
The two former Clinton staffers who started the group Vote Both say Obama's decision to offer Clinton a prime-time speaking role at the Democratic Party nominating convention and other signals suggest Obama will not chose her.


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This is one gift hamper that you will regret missing out on! This lovely arrangement contains no less than 100 grand and beautiful red roses that promise to delight any recipient in seconds. This arrangement also comes with very fresh red roses and green fillers while the matching ribbon bow enhances the effect created by this arrangement on your love ones. your recipient will be delight with rich taste of yummy Cadbury Chocolate Box. This can be used as the perfect gifting solution to special occasions like valentines day. So, do not late and book your order now. Product Includes : Exclusive Basket Arrangement of 100 Red Roses along with Cadbury Celebration Box (Weight : 125 Gms).
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Kiss Daniel Is Set To Release New Single Titled "Sofa"
May 5, 2017 ( Post 1 )
G-Worldwide Entertainment singer Kiss Daniel is set to drop a new single, one year after his acclaimed debut album "New Era" was released.
The singer made the announcement via his instagram page, the single titled "Sofa" is expected to drop on the 15th of May, 2017, exactly a year after he released his debut album.
We can't wait to hear what this single will sound like, it is been a year since we heard a new Kiss Daniel single.
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text: FXStreet (Guatemala) - Valeria Bednarik, chief analyst at FXStreet explained that the USD/JPY pair traded within a 30 pips range for a third day in-a-row, ending the day with some gains as the dollar advanced in thin markets. Key Quotes: "The pair has been lifeless ever since the winter holiday season began, and will likely remain so until the release of US December employment data early January." "The longer term stance is still bearish, as in the daily chart the technical indicators hold within negative territory, while the 100 SMA caps the upside around 121.10." For more information, read our latest forex news.


text:
Music that paved the era of music of today's and music that makes their fans instantly nostalgic are the ones played by War Cry Radio. This radio plays a reminder role for their listeners who wants to have glimpse or want to dive into world of music from the previous golden era of thirty years of music.
War Cry Radio official website address is www.warcryradio.com
Proszę czekać 10-20 sekund Radio Ładowanie ...
Popularny Kostaryka Radio:
Radio Kolumbia
Radio FM rzeczywista
Radio Dos
Radio Monumental CR
Radio Alajuela


text:
Whenever we go to Perth the Zoo is a must see, and one of our favourites is the Orang utans. Perth Zoo is one of the world's premiere breeding facilities for orang utans and has done a lot of research into keeping them happy and healthy. I used to be a volunteer guide at the zoo, it was fascinating to hear some of the stories about these gorgeous animals. One old lady had moved to the Perth Zoo after living through the Battle of Singapore, she had to be looked after on fireworks nights or she would get distressed by all the explosions and small planes buzzing around. She also used to pull any plants out of her enclosure – after living in a concrete cage for so long she didn't like them.
- Orang Utans come from South-East Asia but there are now only two species left, the Bornean orang utan (Pongo pygmaeus) and the Sumatran orang utan (Pongo abelii). They are both endangered, but there are only around 6000 Sumatran orang utans left which means it is critically endangered. Their main threat is habitat destruction, especially through illegal logging and clearing for palm oil plantations. This is why many people in Australia are asking for products made with palm oil to be marked, so they can avoid them.
- The name comes from Malaysian and means 'Man of the Forest.'
- Male Bornean orang utans have large 'cheek pads' which grow continuously, they can also get impressive dreadlocks.
- They eat a wide variety of foods including leaves, shoots, insects and eggs but mostly fruit.
- Orang utans spend most of their time in the trees and can be thought of as 'four-armed.' On the ground they generally walk on the sides of their hands or fists, but in the trees they can use all four limbs to hang on and move. Their vertebrae are adapted to pressure from any angle and they don't have a hip ligament so their legs have a much greater range of movement than other apes and humans. They are supreme gymnasts.
- They are solitary and can get quite stressed if they are forced to live together, although they enjoy being able to see each other. Perth Zoo has a series of separate enclosures with large 'trees' that the orang utans can play on and see each other.
- In the wild they have large territories, males and females have some overlap. When females are in season they move into the overlapping areas.
- One of the problems great apes have is their extremely slow rate of reproduction. Male babies stay with their mothers for at least 6 years. Females stay longer, because they need to learn how to parent. They will stay with their mother for the next baby and learn how to look after it.
- In the old days babies used to be taken from their mothers and hand raised before going into zoo enclosures. This caused a lot of problems because they didn't know how to parent when they bred themselves, they had to be taught. Some mothers were so stressed by babies they gave them to the keepers or developed medical conditions and couldn't breed at all. So today zoos try to keep it as natural as possible and keep the babies with their mothers so they can learn.
- Females become mature at around 12 years and usually take a territory next to their mother. While they don't interact, they often forage in parallel where they can see each other.
- Like all great apes, orang utans are extremely intelligent. In the wild they are tool users and in zoos they are given puzzles so they don't get bored. The cage in the photo of the baby above is a puzzle box for them to get food out of.
- There are cultural differences between groups of orang utans. This means they are not acting on instinct but learn and work things out then pass the knowledge on.
- There is a lot of conservation work to save the wild orang utan, including release camps and patrols of the jungle. If you wish to find out more, check out the Australian Orangutan Project or Orangutan Foundation International. You can adopt orang utan babies, donate or learn more about practical things you can do to decrease deforestation.
On our zoo visit we had a little surprise. This is what we first saw:
And then she turned around!
And some footage, unfortunately the lighting means you can't see colours but they are having a great play. Look how they are just as happy swinging from legs or arms. Notice in the background the tops of the other 'trees' sticking out of the enclosures, so all the orang utans can sit up and see each other. Plus a lot of the climbing frames are not fixed but move, more like tree branches.
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Request for Credit Transfers
Request for acceptance of college or vocational level transfer work must be evaluated by an approved outside service at the student's expense. Recommendations from the evaluation service will be considered in determining what courses will transfer. We suggest that you use any organization recognized by the National Association of Credential Evaluation Services for your evaluation.
Please read all the information on this site before you start to complete application forms.


text:
"You are what your deepest desire is. As your desire is, so is your intention. As your intention is, so is your will. As your will is, so is your deed. As your deed is, so is your destiny." -Upanishads.
Your dreams, destiny, and life path are all shaped by our deepest intentions. Only when we realize what it is at this very moment can we be conscious of the path we are on and if it is one we're content with.
Setting an intention is slightly different from setting a goal. An intention is not oriented toward a future outcome, but rather focuses on your inner values and how you are being in the present moment. It becomes the driving force of your consciousness, and is an ever-growing process you live out every single day. If you'd like to set an intention but have no idea where to begin, here's a list of what I've found to be the most helpful advice in setting my own intention:
Clear Your Mind
Our minds often act like a busy interstate- thoughts and emotions constantly pass through, often times crashing into one another, which keep us locked in a noisy, cluttered state of mind. Meditation brings us to the highest state of consciousness, mindfulness and self-awareness. It centers our self-awareness and quiets the mind, making it the best state to set your intention in.
Share And Stay Open
Once you set your intention while in your peaceful state, write it down on a piece of paper and then share it. Share it with the world and open your heart to those who support and encourage you. You never know how much a person can empower you on your journey until you are open and honest with them. There is strength in numbers!
Release It To The World
You've set your intention, shared it with yourself and with the world, so now let it go. Surrender it to the universe and forget about it so as to not obsess over the details. You may realize your intention daily through meditation, and then let it go with trust that the universe will care for the rest.
Center Yourself
When the doubt, questioning and negativity arises whether it be from you or from those around you, remember to stay centered. Trust your higher self enough to know that you are on your own path, and that the doubts of others cannot sway you. Your intention should come from a place of contentment and inner peace, rather than from feelings of strong need and attachment. You have all the power to change your way of thinking and to keep yourself grounded, regardless of the chaos that surrounds you.
Embrace The Uncertainty and Detach
Detach yourself from the outcome of your intention, as attachment often stems from fear and uncertainty. Accept the power of uncertainty, and trust yourself and your path. Uncertainty becomes much more frightening the more we fight it, so it's best to accept that life is uncertain and that the universe will work with you if you do the same.
What do you think a good intention would be? Have you already set one? I'd love to hear your thoughts on this!


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You are Invited to the Hanging of
All wedding invitations are hand drawn and can be customised to match your style and personality.
Invitation set comprise of the Invitation (hand made hangers, wedding dress and tuxedo), Table number (stand not included), Name Tags and Match Holder party favours.
To place an order or request a quotation please use our contact form


text:
The state of negotiations on ABS for COP9 of the CBD Susanne Friedrich, BfN (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) International Workshop on Access to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Benefit Sharing 15 and 16 February 2008 in Bremen/Germany. Outline. International context
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
The state of negotiations on ABS for COP9 of the CBDSusanne Friedrich, BfN(Federal Agency for Nature Conservation)International Workshopon Access to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Benefit Sharing15 and 16 February 2008 in Bremen/Germany
(Montreal 2007, Geneve 2008)
to develop options for a future EU position.
interim opinions to focus on the further work
in Potsdam: international biodiversity policy (for the first time)
for environment decides preliminary EU priorities for CBD COP9.
(ABS WG5 und ABS WG6)
international ABS regime at CBD COP9.
-> International minimum requirements
for the content and implementation of
international access rules
Legal certainty, transparency of applications, litigation case
assistance, lower transaction costs, minimise financial burdens
->Options to support interests of providers
potential inclusion in MTAs?
financed by MS and EC to implement the Bonn Guidelines and the Action Plan for Capacity-Building
on Access to Genetic Resources and Benfit-Sharing
through sectoral work on standardising MTAs (NEW)
The international ABS regime:
The international ABS regime:
An international definition of misappropriation:
what exactly is to be enforced in countries
with users under their jurisdiction
obligations of all Parties to support compliance
international mechanism set up under ABS regime
Specific international
obligations to
support compliance
Access Standards
of natl access
Provider Country:
National Access
User Country:
Domestic measures
to support compliance
Source: EU submission 28 Nov 2007
The ABS regime « could be composed of one or more instruments within a set of principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures, legally binding and/or non-binding. »
But: The proposals were neither discussed, negotiated nor agreed
composed of one or more international instruments
Decision, COP Decision to amend Convention, COP
Decision to adopt an additional annex or protocol)
considered to end?
derivates or products should remain
outside the scope of international obligations
of states
source of GR
inclusion in MATs ( for 3 sectors)


text:
Okay, this is the last Blogtown post about Hecklevision: Commando, I promise. But it's happening tomorrow night, and if you still haven't bought your tickets, you probably should... because the critics can't stop gushing about it!
In Commando, the fetching surprise is the glancing humor between the quixotic and larky Rae Dawn Chong and the straight-faced killing machine of Arnold Schwarzenegger. Chong lights up the film like a firefly, Schwarzenegger delivers a certain light touch of his own, the result is palatable action comics. —Variety
Lots of machine-gunfire, explosions and disposable khaki-clad extras, as you'd expect. Occasional suggestions that the tongue might be slightly in cheek include the risible bonding-with-small-daughter fishing trip under the opening credits and pronounced homo-erotic badinage with his final-reel adversary. 'Think of sticking your knife into my flesh—and twisting it,' Arnie hisses at Vernon Wells, the leather-clad, handlebar-moustached heavy, who might just have come from a Village People lookalike contest. —Time Out London
Matrix's demolition of the army barracks on the island is spectacular, but he has obviously not had time to plant all those explosives. In his assault on the dictator's house, his decapitation of flowers as he mows down scores of soldiers is a nice touch, but some of the dying soldiers are simply funny. The whole scene looks choreographed, suspiciously balletic. But not always well timed. Three men leap into the air stunned even before they are shot, and why a man who has just taken three slugs in his chest should scream at the prospect of falling off a roof is not imaginable. Finally, all the killing, and it seems endless, is too graphic for this kind of highly stylized film; after a while it looks as unreal as it is and becomes merely disgusting. —The New York Times
He blows 'em up real good! —Roger Ebert


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Full Length of Get Hard in Best LookNow you can download full Get Hard in top video format with duration 100 Min and was published in 2015-03-27 and MPAA rating is 321.
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- Language of movie : English,
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- Actors of movie :Will Ferrell (James King), Kevin Hart (Damell Lewis), Alison Brie (Alissa), Craig T. Nelson (Martin Barrow), T.I. (Russell), Edwina Findley Dickerson (Rita), Erick Chavarria (Cecelio), Ariana Neal (Makayla), Paul Ben-Victor (Gayle), John Mayer (John Mayer), Jon Eyez (Big Mike), Nito Larioza (Jaoa), Dan Bakkedahl (Leo), Greg Germann (Peter Penny)
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text:
Find great Christmas events near you
Christmas lights, Christmas fairs, Christmas markets, outdoor ice rinks, carol concerts and more
Bonfire Night Fireworks Displays 2017
Find Bonfire Night 2017 Firework displays near you!
At IdeasForTheKids.com, we pride ourselves on having the most
comprehensive list of places to go with the kids in the UK... and we
want it to stay that way!!!
If your venue or attraction is not listed on the site, please let us
know and we will gladly add you. All attractions are listed absolutely
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Please give us as much information as you can as it helps ensure we
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to ensure that the complete listing is accurate.
We look forward to uploading the details of your venue or attraction.


text:
Sergey Detkov
|Medal record
|Men's orienteering
|Representing Russia
|World Games
|2005 Duisburg
|Junior World Championships
|1999 Varna
Sergey Detkov (born 5 March 1979) is a Russian orienteering competitor.[1]
He received a silver medal at the World Games in 2005 in the mixed relay, with Aliya Sitdikova, Maxim Davydov and Tatiana Ryabkina.[2]
He received a silver medal in the short distance and finished 4th in the classic distance at the 1999 Junior World Orienteering Championships in Varna.[3]
- ^ "Profile: Sergey Detkov". Runners. World of O. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
- ^ "Switzerland Wins Relay; Thrilling Battle for Second Place". International Orienteering Federation. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ^ "Junior World Orienteering Championships". International Orienteering Federation. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
|This biographical article about a Russian orienteer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Traveling Luck for Warr, Idaho, United States
Where is Warr?What's around Warr?
Wikipedia near Warr
Where to stay near Warr
The timezone in Warr is America/Cambridge_Bay
Sunrise at 07:56 and Sunset at 17:03. It's light
Latitude. 42.2842°, Longitude. -113.8978° , Elevation. 1363m
Weather near Warr; Report from Burley, Burley Municipal Airport, ID 36km away
Weather :
Temperature: -2°C / 28°F
Wind: 4.6km/h North
Cloud: Broken at 800ft
Weather :
Temperature: -2°C / 28°F
Wind: 4.6km/h North
Cloud: Broken at 800ft
Satellite map around Warr
Loading map of Warr and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Warr, in Idaho, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Warr (0km)
- Marion (2.2km)
- North Rock Wildlife Habitat Area (4.3km)
- Rock Wildlife Habitat Area (4.8km)
- Island (5.2km)
- Marion Number One Wildlife Habitat Area South (5.4km)
- Marion Number Two Wildlife Habitat Area South (6.8km)
- Marion Number Two Wildlife Habitat Area East (7.6km)
- Oakley Wildlife Habitat Area East (7.7km)
- Marion Number One Wildlife Habitat Area East (8.7km)
- Churchill (10.2km)
- Churchill (10.4km)
- Van Tassel Wildlife Habitat Area South (12.8km)
- Golden Valley Wildlife Habitat Areas (13km)
- Dry Meadows Wildlife Habitat Area (13.8km)
- Buckhorn Wildlife Habitat Area (13.8km)
- Power Line Wildlife Habitat Area (14km)
- Van Tassel Wildlife Habitat Area North (14.4km)
- Warm Creek Ranch (14.8km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Mill Creek (5km)
- Summit Creek (5.3km)
- Little Cottonwood Creek (5.4km)
- Birch Creek (6.6km)
- Sawmill Creek (10.7km)
- Land Creek (10.8km)
- Spring Creek (12.8km)
- Fairchild Creek (13km)
- Dry Fork (13.7km)
- Dry Fork Little Cottonwood Creek (13.7km)
- Trapper Creek (14km)
- valley;
- an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream.
- Big Hollow (9.2km)
- Mackey Canyon (10km)
- Mackey Wash (10.9km)
- Big Cedar Canyon (12.6km)
- Walker Hollow (13.4km)
- Little Cedar Canyon (13.7km)
- Big Cedar Canyon (13.9km)
- Little Cedar Canyon (13.9km)
- Bedke Canyon (14.6km)
- spring(s);
- a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground.
- Land Ranch Spring (10km)
- Cowboy Spring (12.8km)
- Warm Spring (14km)
- Fourmile Spring (14.5km)
- Bedke Spring (14.5km)
Accommodation around Warr
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Oakley Junior-Senior High School (5.4km)
- Oakley Elementary School (5.8km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Marion Cemetery (3.2km)
- Basin Cemetery (13.1km)
- ridge(s);
- a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest.
- Cottonwood Ridge (11.9km)
- airport;
- a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Oakley Municipal Airport (6.9km)
- building(s);
- a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc..
- Buckhorn Substation (13.5km)
- canal;
- an artificial watercourse.
- West Canal (7.1km)
- mountain;
- an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
- Knolls, The (9.9km)
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Lower Goose Creek Reservoir (11.7km)
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Oakley Dam (11.7km)
Wikipedia entries close to
- Oakley, Idaho city city o
- City of Rocks landmark park
- Burley, Idaho city city o
- Albion State Normal School education
- Albion, Idaho city city o
- Murtaugh, Idaho city city o
- Heyburn, Idaho city city o
- Declo, Idaho city city o
- Paul, Idaho city city o
- Hazelton, Idaho city city o
- Rupert, Idaho city city o
- Hansen, Idaho city city o
- Malta, Idaho city city o
- Eden, Idaho city city o
- Kimberly, Idaho city city o
- Acequia, Idaho city city o
Airports close to Warr
Wendover(ENV), Wendover, Usa (208.3km)
Mountain home afb(MUO), Mountain home, Usa (216.2km)


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
How much is shipping and handling?
Shipping costs depend on several factors:
- Shipping method requested
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Click here to see our shipping and pricing information. Orders generally take between 3-5 days for delivery in the continental U.S.
What are your shipping policies?
All orders are shipped via USPS, UPS or DHL. The cut-off time for orders to ship the same business day is 1 pm EST. Items shipping to a post office box or military address must be sent via USPS. Items that are returned because of insufficient address will be returned to stock. Please remember that weekends and holidays are not included in estimated shipping times.
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We take VISA, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express. Ship Central's website uses a secure server with SSL (secure sockets layer) for payment processing. All Ship Central payment and customer information is encrypted to ensure our customers' privacy.
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Please call us so we can better serve you: Toll Free 888-775-5289 or 801-893-3560.
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We ship to FPO, APO, etc. addresses everyday. Orders are shipped via USPS Priority Mail and most orders take 1-2 weeks to arrive to their destinations.
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I order my products from a different location, do you take shipments from other warehouses?
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text:
Sales Terms & Specifications:
|Model No.
|Place Of Origin
|Price Terms
|FOB / CIF / EXW(Factory Price)
|Terms Of Payment
|Delivery Lead Time
Relative Products
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text:
|The above will search this blog.
@ashlandfilm #AIFF2017 @AshlandAnimals
Tomorrow begins the big weekend. Are you ready? My neighbor's flamingos are.
We had a flock of about ten wild turkeys hanging out in our backyard yesterday. Today's photo shows most of them. They were bigger than other turkeys we've had before.
@AshlandAnimals #happythanksgiving #turkey
We are currently in Seaside, Oregon for the 34th Annual Seaside Beach Volleyball Tournament. Today's photo comes from our drive to Seaside. We decided to take Highway 38 (between Roseburg and Reedsport) because we never had before. Along the way we saw a couple fields on the left side of the highway (the right side was the Umpqua River) with elk.
@TamronUSA #WithMyTamron 150-600mm
I would have never encountered yesterday's great horned owl had it not been for today's bald eagle. We were heading to the bald eagles' nest when we encountered the owls.
Today I returned to Ashland after a couple nights in Beatty, Oregon. This photo comes from a spot near the Sycan River on Tuesday. I went back to see the owls again on Wednesday and Thursday. See them again I did. However, by the time I had my camera out, they split.


text:
pyredir is a flexible but simple redirector for Squid. URLs matching regular expressions can be redirected using regular expression substitution, databases of filename-to-URL mappings, alternative configuration files, or child redirectors. Utilities are provided for generating database files from file archives. It is primarily useful for redirecting requests to large local FTP archives, but it can also be useful as a top-level redirector which separates and feeds requests to more specialized child redirectors.
rocknroll (Rsync fOr baCKup and Roll) is an incremental backup maker based on rsync. It backs up a remote directory tree to a destination directory on the local host. For this backup, it manages a set of archives named tag.1, tag.2, etc. Using the famous "link-dest" option of rsync, it keeps only the difference between the different archives.
Sparse is a semantic parser of source files. It's neither a compiler (although it could be used as a front-end for one) nor a preprocessor (although it contains a preprocessing phase). It is meant to be a small, simple, easy to use library. Its function is to create a semantic parse tree for some arbitrary user for further analysis. It's not a tokenizer, nor is it a generic context-free parser. Context (semantics) is what it's all about: figuring out not just what the grouping of tokens are, but what the types are that the grouping implies.
In Haskell, data type declarations, Parsec parsers, and HughesPJ pretty-printers very much resemble each other; supplying all three is virtuous, but involves a large amount of code duplication. syntran is a code generator designed to reduce the amount of duplication. Its source is similar to a Parsec LanguageDef-using parser, annotated with the unique information from the data type declaration and the pretty-printer which would normally not be found in a parser. It separates this information out to generate pure Haskell.


text:
There's been no shortage of studies over the years on the topic of work/life balance and its impact on employee effectiveness, with most suggesting the two are undeniably intertwined.
Well, the latest of these studies is the focus of a piece by Susan Dominus titled "Rethinking the Work-Life Equation" in this Sunday's The New York Times Magazine. In it, Dominus, a staff writer for the magazine, references the latest research by University of Minnesota Professor Phyllis Moen and MIT Professor Erin Kelly, published this month in the American Sociological Review.
As Dominus tells it, the study—Does a Flexibility/Support Organizational Initiative Improve High-Tech Employees' Well-Being? Evidence from the Work, Family, and Health Network—offers further evidence that employees who are given more control over when and where they work are happier, sleep better and experience less stress than those who aren't.
Another outcome of the research, Dominus writes: Over a three-year period, employees were less interest in leaving their organizations.
Moen and MIT conducted their research in the technology department of a corporation that chose to remain nameless, dividing half of the employees into a control group that still operated under the company's usual policy (in which flexibility was at the manager's discretion) and the other half in an experimental group that were allowed to work where and when they wanted. In the case of the latter, the emphasis was on results, not hours worked.
As Dominus' story points out, Moen "believes that 'the mother-may-I approach' to flexibility — one that relies on manager discretion—holds too many people back from acting on the policy. Instead, she wants to overhaul corporate culture so that flexibility is a living, breathing, vital aspect of work, a default mode rather than a privilege."
In other words, policy alone isn't enough for work/life balance to succeed; the corporate culture also needs to transformed.
Besides Moen, the NYTM article also quotes several other experts, including one who emphasizes the need to make any change initiative gender-neutral.
Another source suggests in the piece that "work/life fit" is a better way to describe initiatives than "work/life balance," because it better "captures how employees are trying to piece the disparate parts of their lives together." (Dominus notes that both the American Psychological Association and the Society for Human Resource Management have started to use this term.)
Whatever you decide to call it, I think it's safe to assume employers someday are going to have to figure out the best way to address the issue of employee flexibility in their organizations—and maximize its value. And if we're to believe what Dominus is suggesting in her story—and what Moen and Kelly are telling us in their research—it may take more than just a policy tweak or two to reap the full rewards of your work/family or work/life efforts.


text:
I'm reading the LessWrong Sequences from the beginning. Most of them are a repeat for me but there may be some sections I skipped originally, and of course plenty of things forgotten. The sequences provide stepping stones of logic to help
Can we define physically independent entities that experience self-awareness as separate highly sentient beings *worth caring about*? Humans possess a dense cluster of nerve cell in their brain with the comparative minority spread out throughout the body and gut. Throughout


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By revamping the much-maligned No Child Left Behind law of 2001 with the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015, the federal government gives states more control over their own school accountability standards. How much change occurs will depend directly on each state's legislative actions
Apart from the sciences, there are few areas as heavily steeped in research as education. But, as Stanford University education professor says Linda Darling-Hammond says, "too often, important education research is left on the shelf and not used to inform policy decisions."
More than 51 percent of young adults say a high school money management class would have benefited their lives, according to a study. While 45 states include personal finance in state standards, only 17 states require high school students to take a personal finance course.
Another group of states in 2015-16 deployed their own Common Core-aligned assessments, adding greater momentum to a national shift away from the PARCC and Smarter Balanced testing consortia.
More than five years after many states implemented Common Core, the impact on student achievement remains unclear—though some states show small academic gains, with persistent achievement gaps.
A new survey not only indicates that public school teachers are frustrated with shifting policies, but a majority are losing enthusiasm for the job. Moreover, nearly half say they would quit teaching now if they could find a higher-paying job.
Educators generally agree that we are testing too much. Congress' latest action puts more authority back with the states, but this risks swinging the pendulum back too far in the other direction. To get accountability right, we need to decide which tests to keep and which to discard.
Decades ago, portfolio assessment meant finding room for bulging binders stuffed with paper. But digital technologies that make it far easier to collect, curate, share and store student work have dismantled the physical barriers that once made portfolio assessment daunting.
When it comes to racism in our public schools, many people pretend it doesn't exist, says Pamela Lewis. In her new book, Teaching While Black, Lewis says a misplaced focus on test scores hides the true causes of underperforming inner-city schools: poverty and race.
From 2013 to 2015, reading scores dipped from 288 to 287, out of 500 total. Math scores also went down a point, from 153 to 152, out of 300. The lowest-performing students showed the biggest drop.
In what appears to be an average classroom, students from Pullman School District 267 in Washington wear devices that measure their pulse, eye movements and brain waves as a teacher gives a lesson. The lab monitors neurological data to study how learning takes place.
The federal government, corporate reformers and state governments are engaged in a relentless attack against public schools. And our professional educators have not stepped up to acknowledge the deficiencies in our education process, deficiencies that only they are qualified to address.
The opt-out movement shows no signs of slowing in the midst of this year's spring testing season. An estimated two-thirds to three-quarters of a million students could chose not to take state standardized tests this school year.
In this objective look into a subject that has generated much debate, Ovid K. Wong and Chak Lau examine critical elements in preparing teachers and decision-makers for the tenure application process.
Old computers may not be trendy, but as school tech budgets shrink or stagnate, many administrators try to squeeze the most life out of their aging devices. Recycling and retrofitting, and hooking up to the cloud, allow districts to delay or even abandon established schedules for buying brand-new equipment.


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SpiceJet flight SG853 schedule
Flight departure days
Flight schedule & details, March 28
1. Flight SG853: Ahmedabad - New Delhi, AMD - DEL, 1h 25m
Domestic flight SG853 by SpiceJet serves route within India (AMD to DEL). The flight departs Ahmedabad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel terminal «1» on March 28 06:00 (6:00 am) and arrives New Delhi, Indira Gandhi terminal «1D» on March 28 07:25 (7:25 am). Flight duration is 1h 25m.
06:00 / 6:00 am
07:25 / 7:25 am
March 28, Saturday
March 28, Saturday
Terminal 1
Terminal 1D
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (AMD)
Indira Gandhi (DEL)
Ahmedabad, India
New Delhi, India
Flight duration: 1h 25m
Boeing 737-800
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Vibe is the lifestyle guide to urban music and culture including celebrities, fashion, beauty, consumer electronics, automotive, personal care/grooming, and, always, music. Edited for a multicultural audience Vibe creates trends as much as records them.
Lily Allen (British pop singer and songwriter); 1985- (Performances), Joss Stone (British soul singer) (Performances), Amy Winehouse (British jazz and soul singer); 1983-2011 (Performances), Popular music (Great Britain)
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GraphicRiver Astronaut Girl Pack 10135638
Category: Stock Vector | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Astronaut Girl Pack 10135638
Stock Vector \ Characters \ People
Pose \ Professional \ Planet \ Person \ Moon \ Neat \ Responsibility \ Science \ Warp
Stock Vector - Astronaut Girl Pack 10135638 by macrovector @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Characters \ People
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Astronaut girl character pack with explorer costume helmet and flag isolated icons vector illustration. Editable EPS and Render in JPG format
Cocktail Realistic Set; Cocktail Realistic Set; Insects Realistic Set; Game Icons Set; Bacteria and Virus Cell; Logistic Icon Set; Best Choice Label;
Keywords: action, adventure, astronaut, blue, character, confidence, cool, costume, decorative, explorer, flag, gravity, helmet, honor, ideal, mascot, moon, neat, person, planet, pose, professional, responsibility, science, space, suit, technology, visor, warp, white.


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Why is the Sun Yellow? Red dwarf stars are much more common, so are we a fluke?
Jacob Haqq-Misra, Ravi Kopparapu, and Eric Wolf attempt to address this question in a recent paper titled "Why do we find ourselves around a yellow star instead of a red star?" and published in International Journal of Astrobiology.Read More


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Complaint Review: Net10 Wireless
- Net10 Wireless
9700 N.W. 112th Ave
Miami, Florida
United States of America
- Phone: 1-877-836-2368
- Web:
- Category: Cellular Phone Companies
Net10 Wireless TracFone sold me a crappy phone Miami, Florida
After trying all the trouble shooting options she advised me that I needed a replacement phone. The agent told me that since I have an android phone I must send my old phone back to them before they would send me a new phone.
I explained to the agent that I did not agree with this since I have a 3 year old child and my cell phone is the only way to contact me. She told me there was nothing she could do about it so i requested to speak with her supervisor.
She put her supervisor Angela on the phone who was very rude and told me the same thing and advised me there is nothing she can do to help me. She told me my only other option was to purchase a new phone.
Since I was not happy with the solution offered to me I called the corporate office and spoke with Michael who told me that since 2 previous agents had already told me the process for them sending a replacement phone he would not repeat himself.
Needless to say I never got a resolution from Net10 and I refuse to purchase a new phone since I just bought the one I currently have about 5 months ago.
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/18/2013 05:36 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/net10-wireless/miami-florida-33178/net10-wireless-tracfone-sold-me-a-crappy-phone-miami-florida-1044432. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year. Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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Exterior Bamboo Blinds Helps keep Out The Sun
How to Deal with Culture ShockLife as an expat - made easy with one of these tips. The country has an array of attractions for the honeymooners. With 32 countries, it's highly rich in culture and vivid traditions. Why? Because Asia is nearly twice the size every other single continent and can be a land of billions.
At present, people of India are busy preparing for Holi, the 2nd most celebrated festivals of the country. Thailand is really a place which is becoming a global favorite as a romantic destination. This facility may be the epitome of luxury and may be so since it's opening in 190 It is famous for it's English High Tea served within the finest tradition. This facility will be the epitome of luxury and has been so since it's opening in 190 It is known for it's English High Tea served inside the finest tradition. Although one of the most important instrument will be the dhol drum, Bhangra also features a variety of string and other drum instruments.
Although Nepal is poor by western standards, it please see is surely an area of the planet that is rich as well as in abundance of ancient & more recent history. It towers over Victoria find out and is also easily visible in the downtown area, 5 miles away. But the harsh truth is - Asian experience alone won't get you a job back home.
One of the very most common bits of advice in articles similar to this is to find out the local language. But greater than anything I believe that knowing the local tongue gives that you simply greater a feeling of independence and autonomy during your stay. There it reveals the rejoice of natives for good fertility and plentiful harvest the growing season of spring brings along with.