text:
Winnie Harlow Baseball T-Shirts
If you listen closely, you can hear "Ch Ch Ch Ha Ha Ha" echo in the Hundred Acre Wood. Doodle Request from Kylie-Alexis "Hiya AD may I request a doodle please of any winnie the pooh character I would feel honoured if you could do this for me. Thankyou so much! Kylie" http://www.artisticdyslexia.com/ Want a doodle? See http://bit.ly/1GIdLpy
Tags: pooh, pooh-bear, winnie-the-pooh, bear, friday-13th
Cute, cuddly and will completely devour your soul. Poohthulu has abandoned the honey pot in favor of slaughtering his Hundred Acre Wood neighbors. Eeyore and Piglet are now just play things for the almighty dark god. We are all doomed!
Tags: pop-culture, vintage, humor, winnie-the-pooh, piglet


text:
A History of the World Through 6 Glasses Timeline 4000 BCE, Beer was widespread in the near east as
it appears in a pictogram from mesopotamia 4300 BCE, Villages banded together to form ever-larger
towns and then cities. Each city centered around it's own
system of fields and irrigaition channels. 2500BCE, Egypt's construction workers who worked on the
Pyramids were rationed with 3 or 4 loaves of bread
and two jugs of beer containing about 8 liters BEER 1750, Rum became available for many people nad it
was much cheaper than brandy. Rum was also a lot
stronger than brandy as well. 1524, attempts fo close down coffeehouses were
not very successful but most were not successful because
the laws were technically not broken. 1650, Many parts of Western Europe like Britain and Amsterdam
were opening coffeehouses accorss the country. COFFEE 1300, Arnald of Villanova, a professor at the French
medical school of Montpellier produced instructions
on distilling wine. SPIRITS 1300 1500 1500, introduction of slaves turned Madeira into largest
exporter of sugar in the wold. Sugar was an important
part in the process of spirit making . 1721, It was reported by an english trader that rum had become
the "Cheif barter" on the slave coast of Africa. Rum soon became
more popular than gold. 1721 1733 1773, The Molasses Act was passed in london because
the british sugar producers were losing to the French in
the european sugar market. Some of the new england
distillers even used french molasses which
made it worse on the situation. 1750 1500, drinking coffee became popular in Yemen.
The practice of making coffee was seen as a Yemeni innovation. 1500 1524 1663, There were about 83 coffeehouses in London at the time.
Some of them were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in
1666 but then many more replaced the old ones. 1663 1671 1671, Coffee was seen as an antidote to alcohol.
As said by Sylvestre Dufour "Coffee sobers you up instantaneously." 1650 6000 BCE, Pottery began to emerge because
it was used as storage for fruits and wild honey;
ceral crops could be stored which made beer reliable. 6000
BCE 10,000 BCE, Throughout the Fertile Crecent, evidence
have been found that there were harvesting tools,
baskets, stone hearths, and underground pits for storage. 10,000
BCE TEA 100 BCE 100 BCE, Tea becomes domesticated
around China. 780 780, First tax on tea during the Tang Dynasty
because of tea's popularity. 1650, Tea reaches England through
40 years of diffusion of tea from
the Dutch ships in 1616. 1650 1718, Tea had become the dominant mainstay of imports replacing silk. 1718 12/16/1773 1773, The Boston Tea party dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor. COCA-COLA 1767, Carbonated water or soda water
was produced in a brewery by Joseph Priestly. 1767 1807 1807, Bottled water began to sell in
New Haven, Connecticut by Benjamin Silliman
after traveling to London. 1866, John Pemberton supposedly invented
Coca-Cola through many different versions
of the story. 1866 1895, Annual sales of Coca-Cola exceeded
76,000 gallons and it was being sold accross america. It had become the "National Drink" 1895 1898, Tax was put on patent medicines
in which Coca-Cola fell in category. The
company won an exemption from the tax because
it was repositioned from a drug to a drink. 1898 WINE 870 BCE, King Ashurnasirpal II
held a huge feast to mark the innaguration of his new captal at Nimrud. The choice of his drink was wine which was served in a shallow gold bowl. 870
BCE 146 BCE, Italian Peninsula became the
world's foremost wine producing region
in the Mediterranean.
BCE 424 BCE, Spartan troops arrived in Acanthus,
a wine producing city who was allied with
Athens. They held a ballot and decided
to switch allegiances. 424
BCE 700 BCE, Cultivation of the vine took
hold throughout Greece. Greeks
were the first to produce wine on a
large scale commerical. 700 Between 9000 and 4000 BCE, archaelogical evidence suggests that wine was first produced during the Neolithic period 9000-4000
Present Remotely
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
A History of the World in 6 Glasses Timeline
World History AP project.
Comments (0)
Please log in to add your comment.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Submitted by Marissa D'Orazio on Fri, 01/28/2011 - 11:43
X Games Athletes Meet and Greet
ASPEN, CO - The wait is over! Winter X Games is finally here, and I have the last minute, inside scoop on some exciting new developments. As Buttermilk's a buzz with competition action, check out Aspen Mountain for the chance to come face to face with your favorite X Games athletes. The D&E Ski & Snowboard Shop will be hosting meet and greets all weekend long.
Submitted by Christopher Laursen on Wed, 02/04/2009 - 11:57
The 2009 Winter X-games were a huge success for the city of Aspen, the Roaring Fork Valley, and the state of rippers everywhere! There was, however, a record low attendance for Winter X here in Aspen, The lowest in five years. Some say it's because of the economy, some say it was the rain, but for this fan it made for a perfect crowd and a spectacular event.


text:
Have you ever wondered what it takes to participate on a corporate or scientific advisory board? This is an elusive subject to many, but it particularly affects women. Women hold just a small number of board seats (both Corporate and Scientific Advisory Boards). In 2015, the 2020 Women on Boards Gender Diversity Index of Fortune 1000 companies showed that 17.9% of corporate directors were women. That number drops to 10% for biotech companies. These numbers are disproportional when you consider that women comprise about half of the total U.S. workforce, hold half of all management positions, and are responsible for almost 80% of all consumer spending. Another longitudinal study including 500 companies, suggested that the percentage of women on SABs never exceeded 10.2% . In the meantime overwhelming evidence from various sources states that companies with more diversity at the highest levels see a higher return on investment overall. This FREE webinar will review best practices, existing programs and other efforts to demystify this process.
This free webinar will provide an introduction to AUTM's new educational resource, The Learning Management System (LMS) created to help technology transfer professionals manage their professional development, continuing education and certificate programs.


text:
Beats Pill+
It's been hard to tell how far Apple's influence has permeated into Beats' recent designs. This time it's obvious. The Beats Pill+ flaunts the tech giant's typically understated design and color scheme, even hiding its ports behind a flap on its back. It's now also equipped with distinct tweeters and woofers for clearer sound, a stereo active 2-way crossover system for improved dynamic range, a variety of controls right atop the speaker that include play, pause, skip, and volume, plus a 12 hour battery life, part of which can be dedicated to charging your phone or other device with the included lightning cable. And if you've got two Pill+ speakers at your disposal, link them up and play from both simultaneously using Beats' Pill+ app.
Read more at Beats – $230


text:
- HubPages»
- Arts and Design
Macro Photography Abstracts - Using Pattern and Texture
Macro Photography Abstracts - Using Pattern and Texture
Abstract photography
When photographing abstracts using pattern and texture should be the point of emphasis in the photos, with strong attention to color. Abstract photography is defined as photos that are not clearly recognized as a whole nor being recognized as part of a whole either, at least in the majority of cases.
Abstract photography is best suited for macro photography, but it doesn't have to be. On several occasions I have taken photographs of parts of a subject simply because of the available vibrant color. Although macro is ideally suited for abstract photography so long as the images present a view that an audience enjoys because of the color, texture, patterns and other elements without actually seeing the whole is more important than whether or not the subject is photographed up close (macro).
Some of my favorite photo subjects are found at carnivals. I have several shots of those old wooden horses found there, parts of signs, parts of vending machines etc.
The idea is to locate a specific part that has a discernible pattern or texture and if the color is vibrant even better. The shot should be pleasing to look at, it should bring intrigue to the equation and make the viewer ask " what is this?, I want to see more!
Some of the best subjects are found in the leaves of plants (fresh or dry) and the petals as well as the stamens. Note: for special effects when photographing dry leaves, use a gold reflector to add warmth to the shot.
Tree bark offers ample opportunity to show pattern and texture. Insect wings, specially butterflies are specially suited because they most always have a clear pattern and often a vibrant color as well. Pebbles are a good source too. Bird feathers make great subjects because of their repetitive patterns, although you would have to photograph the feathers by themselves rather than on a bird. Close ups or macros, due to the magnification factor will render even the sightless movement as a blur so you have to pay extra attention to movement. Using a tripod is always recommended as well as using an electronic shutter release mechanism.
A technique that I have used on more than one occasion is to photograph the eye of marionettes, characters at carnivals statues and so on. They lend themselves very easily as conversation starters and our brain will immediately focus on the eyes. Next time you look at a photo, see where your focus falls on first (assuming that eyes are present in the photo).
Keep in mind that the key is to show only a portion of the subject that is not clearly discernible as part of a whole (you can't tell what it is). Include patterns, if repetitive then better. Use color, vibrant colors work best. Make it a documentary; start with abstracts, then take shots that show more and more of the subject until finally it is clearly visible and recognizable.
Glass cups, jars, colored windows, colored marbles, all of these are excellent for abstract photography. Here is a sample of one of my most successful shots: a tall clear glass, filled with soda and ice cubes, placed on a dark board with a small hole in it, illuminated from below and shot from above. Try it as an experiment and get in close. The room must be dark with only the light of the illuminated glass being the only one. A simple set up but it illustrates the essence of abstract photography.
Other subjects can be a piece of string, parts of a painting, cloths, clay pots, parts of figures and ceramics. The list goes on but you get the idea.
Although not all abstracts need be close ups, if you decide on doing abstract macro photography, then the use of macro lenses or magnification filter, a solid tripod and a ring flash are gear that you should not be without.
For further reading
- Abstract Photography
Abstract photography can produce very dramatic images. It relies on our more primitive sense of form, color, and flow than it does on detail. The problem is that most photographers tend to think in terms of detail when evaluating photographic opportu
Abstract photo interest poll
Was this interesting?
© 2011 Luis E Gonzalez


text:
- Home
- Turnkey Equipment
Shop by Price
Store Credit
You have of store credit. To use it, simply place your order and you will be able to choose store credit as the payment method when it comes time to pay for your order.
Turnkey Equipment
We work with various machine shops and fabrication shops to offer fully integrated and tested automated equipment. We can build from your drawings or design and build equipment to suit your needs. While we specialize in the food, medical, and water industries but also have the ability to design equipment for other uses. Send an email to email@example.com to learn more.


text: Hi all, I am facing a problem with Blue and Me regarding copying phonebook. I am able to copy the contacts from phone book, however few contacts are getting missed out. Unfortunately these are the ones which I use quite often. Am I doing something wrong or missing out something while copying. Thanks in advance.


text:
Individual Giving & Membership
Making a Difference
32years ago, a group of community leaders came together with a dream – to nurture the cultural "heart and soul" of Collingwood by founding a non-profit, summer theatre company. They envisioned a vibrant, well-rounded community, enlivened and connected by arts and culture.
Theatre Collingwood has come a long way since then. It is now a year-round, non-profit, charitable theatre company. While the majority of theatre patrons are regional, many are drawn from across southern Ontario.
For those who have applauded the work of Theatre Collingwood since the beginning and those who more recently joined our audience, thank you for support. You believe that Theatre Collingwood is making a difference to culture community.
Your Support is Critical
Ticket sales and other earned revenue cover roughly 50% of our production costs each year. Theatre Collingwood relies on the support of individuals, corporations, foundations and grants to bridge the gap and remain vibrant and dynamic. Without this support, we could not bring the magic of theatre to life.
Become a Member Today!
Make a difference and help Theatre Collingwood continue to bring professional, quality, live theatre to the stage. Click here for a complete list of memberships and their benefits. Please contact Jennifer Knight, Director of Fund Raising: at (705)445-2200 or email at: email@example.com for more information on how she is able to help you personalize your membership.
"The great thing about Theatre Collingwood, is that it is our theatre. It is the efforts of our friends and neighbors sharing in a passion, who generously give their time, talents and enthusiasm to help bring the magic of live theater to Collingwood. Huronia appreciates, admires and supports their commitment and applauds their significant contribution to our incredible community. We are indeed lucky to live, work and play in Collingwood."
ROB THORBURN, HURONIA ALARMS Renaissance Member


text:
Look What I Made Out of My Head [Import]
- (United Kingdom - Import)
- Artist: The Solarflares
- Format: CD
- Release Date: 9/17/2002
|your cart is empty
Full title - Look What I Made Out of My Head. 2002 album for garage rock act featuring Graham Day & Allan Crockford of the Prisoners (contemporaries of Billy Childish & part of the influential 80s Medway scene). Together with Parsley (Dutronc) on organ & drummer Wolf (Buff Medways) they've recorded an album that's a continuation & realization of what the Prisoners were about. Loud guitars, fluid riffs - in fact maximum rock 'n' roll.
To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your version of Flash Player.


text:
Fiber optic connectors are a substantial fragment of the global telecommunication industry. Optical fibers are joined using fiber optic connectors, which allow the light conduction between two consecutive optical fibers. An additional im…
Sales, means the sales volume of Whole Milk
Revenue, means the sales value of Whole Milk
This report studies sales (consumption) of Whole Milk in United States market, focuses on the top players, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player, covering
- Fonterra
- Danone
- Royal Friesland Campina
- Mead Johnson
- Abbott
- Nestle
- Tatura
- Aptamil
Split by product types, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into
- Type I
- Type II
- Type III
Split by applications, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Whole Milk in each application, can be divided into
- Application 1
- Application 2
- Application 3


text:
Ad Details
- Zip/Postal Code: 33957
- State: Florida
- City: Sanibel
- Phone: 1+2394721022
- Model: Golf Cart
- Company Name: Debbie
- Listed: 2016-12-16 10:36 am
- Expires: This ad has expired
I am looking for a Golf Cart so that I can ride it to the beach. I cannot ride my bike any longer because of leg issues. If you, or someone you know has a good inexpensive one please contact me. . Thank you for your assistance.
You can email me at: [email protected]
Listing ID: 5555851e341d4537


text: Hello Ubuntu, The following opportunity is for one of our major direct client from the PC/server industry sector, based in Texas! If you are interested in exploring this further, please reply as soon as possible including details requested under the HOW TO APPLY section (scroll down below). In the event you aren't interested, please feel free to pass on this requirement to any acquaintance who may be BIOS Developer Location: Austin, TX (onsite job) Duration: 6 ~ 9 months Pay (W2 only) - Subcontracting thru' 3rd party agency firms, C2C, 1099 not allowed Description: Responsible for the design and development of component oriented UEFI Framework BIOS modules using a range of applicable technologies (e.g., C & C++ programming languages, compilers, assemblers, debuggers, ITPs, scopes, logic analyzers, and other tools) and state-of-the-art software engineering methodologies. He/she shall participate in product development in all stages from planning and design to development and testing. Key qualifying skills: Overall 8 or more years of experience in relevant domain Qualified candidates must have good software design skills and be able to produce requirements and design documentation for the assigned projects at both a high and low level. Knowledge of component oriented development methodologies, Design Patterns, modular C programming techniques, Data Abstraction, PC architecture, BIOS development (especially UEFI-Protocol-DXE-PEI), processor architecture, chipset programming, industry standards that affect BIOS, and busses common to PCs. Good candidates should be proactive in managing work including meeting schedules, identifying risks, and delivering high quality software. Possess good ability to use common software and hardware debugging tools. Desirable: OOP experience, e.g. - C++ or Java or Python Candidates should enjoy working in a fast moving, team oriented environment. Soft skills: Good communication skills in English (both verbal and written) Possess good interpersonal skills; should be a team player. Ability to work in a team. Education: AA / Undergraduate or graduate degree in MIS/IT, Networking, Comp Sc, EE, or similar area or, equivalent combination of relevant job experience and certifications from competent authorities in lieu of an academic degree HOW TO APPLY: Interested candidates may e-mail us a MS Word (.DOC type file) copy of their resume with the subject line "DELL (TX): Need BIOS Developer" along with details on the following (please fill inline): 1. Please ensure project timelines listed on your resume are in MM/YYYY format and past employer names and locations are clearly indicated. 2. Your current work authorization status in US? Please specify. 3. Your present location (city, state)? 4. How soon will you be able to start on this project onsite, at Austin, TX, if selected? 5. Best time to call you for a telephonic conversation (please specify time-zone). 6. Expected W2 hourly pay rate during the contract term (should be all inclusive)? Regards Arnab Chatterji Sr. Corporate Recruiter ICONMA LLC Toll Free: (800) 801-8840 Ph: (408) 732-3185 Fax: (800) 489-8046 My tweets are at http://twitter.com/talentzoom E Mail: arnab at iconma.com Web Site: www.iconma.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-motu/attachments/20100916/70c6dd1f/attachment.htm


text:
Reading Focus Card Combo Pk. A Asst. Colors: Includes 2 tools (1 short & 1 long)
Now FREE Shipping with Orders of $45 or MORE! *
1 each Model #001 and #002
#001 For reg. paperbacks & books with 2 columns of text per page as well as with e-readers (Kindles, Nooks, etc.*) AND
#002 For children's or larger books & documents with longer text lines as well as with e-tablets (iPads, etc.*)
We welcome orders from schools, organizations, and for large quantities. For quantity pricing, please call (314) 892-3897.
*When using the Reading Focus Cards with a tech device, it is recommended that a protective film also be used on the tech device's screen.
Special pricing when you purchase 2 or more Combo Packs A!
*FREE First Class Shipping for Orders of $45 or MORE
(for First Class USPS shipments in U.S. only with $45 subtotal before tax, if applicable)
To order online, please click here.
Ordering by FAX or Regular Mail? Please click here to download the "Order Form".
Ordering by phone? Please call 314-892-3897.
Search by Keyword
Shopping Cart
Note: All prices in US Dollars
Featured Products


text: How to Specify a Static MixerStep 1 – Components to be MixedList the range of flowrates and physical properties (density* and viscosity*) of each component to be mixed. A Static Mixer Sizing Questionnaire is available for your convenience. Operating temperature and pressure are also required, or state 'ambient'.* if similar to water state 'as water'.Step 2 – Mixture QualityIt's difficult to imagine buying a pump without specifying the pressure requirements. But that's exactly what happens so many times with motionless mixers if the mixture quality is not specified. So why take a chance?For most turbulent applications, the mixture quality can be defined by the variation coefficient (CoV), where a value of 0.05 is usually considered to be completely homogenous.Many mixing applications are not time dependent – the required mixture quality, over the full range of flowrates, can be specified at either the mixer discharge or some clearly defined location further downstream. However, there are many dosing applications, in particular in water treatment, which require very short mixing times to ensure maximum effectiveness of the additive. It is therefore important to also specify the mixing time or distance downstream from the mixer, usually stated in pipe or channel hydraulic diameters, where the required mixture quality is to be achieved.Don't use pressure drop for this purpose – it has nothing to do with mixture quality. Don't use subjective descriptions e.g. efficiently mixed, thoroughly mixed, adequately mixed. Don't use G factor – again, it has nothing to do with mixture quality.Do specify the variation coefficient to define mixture quality. Do specify the mixing time or location of the required variation coefficient.Step 3 – Mechanical DetailsPreferred pipe diameter and / or maximum allowable pressure drop. Materials of construction / design condition. Injector requirement. Flange type and rating. Special tests and documentation requirements. If in doubt, please contact Statiflo.


text:
Updated Sept 9, 2016
My name is David I, along with my wife Leah, have been researching this line for several years. Most of the information gathered has been through family or the web. Some of the pictures, particularly those of headstones in and around Bowling Green, Ky were taken by us on a trip researching the cemeteries that have Tibbs.
What history of my line we do know, and relay on this site is from actual records. Notes are in orange and where there is speculation, it is noted.
Although the majority of these pages contain my own Tibbs family research, other Tibbs lines may find some of the information useful in theirs. See the "Visiting Tibbs & Connections Pages" in the navigation bar to the left.
The goal is to not only help in me in my search, but to connect other Tibbs researchers and related connections.
Tibbs lines, at least mine, have lead to many mysteries and dead ends, people have not researched and documented this line as has been done with other family surnames. Hopefully, together, we can place some of the pieces to the puzzle together.
Our philosophy on sharing family history:
Some people have a tendency to hold onto the research they have done and share it with as few people as possible. I do not hold to this theory, what good does it do to keep it all to yourself? Imagine if everyone felt the need to keep to themselves what they have or have found, only public records and what has been written in books would be available to most. How many stories would be lost if they were never passed on like they were to them?
My wife has an old family bible, she is currently scanning some of the pages and sharing them with other people. What if that bible were to become so deteriorated that it was no longer legible? What if it were to somehow be destroyed? The contents, no matter how much research someone did in the future, would be gone forever!
What if you were to leave this earth? Would all the family history go with you? If so, why are you doing all the hard work only to have it all be for nothing?
We do not own history, in order for there to be history it must be passed on, the good and bad. The exception is with the living, privacy must remain a top concern and should only be given with permission.
Sharing with others not only helps me, but you as well. And when you learn something new that helps, be sure to thank that person and give them credit if that's their wish.
Family history mistakes:
One pitfall in doing family history research is to take information from one site or family tree and import it into your own. We do use sites such as Ancestry.com and others to find information, but always look to see what records are actually attached to that individual to back up the claim.
So many family trees are imported and many with the same information, but nothing to back any of it up. Please, never import another tree into your own without doing your research first! This is how so much misinformation is passed on. It would be rare to find your entire families history at the easy click of a button as some of the commercials make it sound.
Allman, Allen, Beason/Beeson, Bolton, Braswell, Bratton, Brown, Bunch, Carter, Cockrell, Cole, Dunning, Edge, Ferrell, Foster, Gentry, Gipson, Grimes, Goode, Harris, Hendrick, Hickey, Honeycutt, Hoover, Howell, Hudson, Johnson, Jones, Justice, Kerley, LaFever, Loafman, Martin, Meeks, Mercer, Merritt, Poland, Roberson, Sailings, Taylor, Thacker, Thomas, Tibbs, Tillson, Vickers, Welch, Whitaker, Wilson, Wood, Woosley.
Some of these are known direct connections and some are on Tibbs that are presumed to be related, but their connection has not been confirmed. See "My Tibbs Line" in the navigation bar to the left for a more complete explanation.
Find A Grave: Here is the link to my Find A Grave member page.
We are now linked to the DeKalb & Smith County Surnames on TNGenWeb.
They are a great source for historic & family information by county.
Please visit them by clicking on the Tennessee postcard.


text:
Hi, I hope it's ok to post this here?
I work for a ventures company and we are working on developing a skin care product specifically design for men.
We are looking for people (London based) who may be interested in coming into our offices and give us some insight into mens grooming.
We would pay you for your time as well as provide beer and snacks.
If anyone is interested do get in touch: email@example.com
Many thanks


text:
Beds: 6
Baths: 3
Sq. Ft.: N/A
Type: Single Family Home
Listing #QA9898881
This beautiful park-like setting home offers a multitude of opportunity, a multi-family residence, and a home based business. 3BR Main House, FR w/wood stove, 4 season sun porch, separate screened-in porch. 2-3 BR In-Law Suite/Rental with separate entrance. Large 30' x 48' workshop w/built-ins, wood stove and an office - great for a home-based business offering plenty of parking.
Property Features
Location Information
County: QUEEN ANNES
Latitude: 39.06022
Longitude: -76.13152
Subdivision: CREEK POINT
Interior Features
Additional Rooms: Sun/Florida Room, Bedroom-Master, Dining Room, Bedroom-Third, Workshop, Kitchen, Other Room 1, Family Rm, Bedroom-Second, Bedroom-Fourth, Bedroom-Fifth
Room List: Dining Room, Bedroom-Master, Bedroom-Second, Bedroom-Third, Bedroom-Fourth, Bedroom-Fifth, Kitchen, Family Rm, Other Room 1, Sun/Florida Room, Workshop
Interior: Floor Plan-Traditional
Has Dining Room: yes
Dining/Kitchen Description: Fam Rm Off Kit, Kit-Breakfast Bar, Kit-Table Space, Sep Dining Rm
Kitchen Description: Dimensions: 17X13, Floor: Wood, Level: Main
Amenities: Closet(s) - Walk-in, Crown Molding, Wall to Wall Carpeting, Wood Stove Insert, Wood Floors, Whirlpool Jets
Has Fireplace: yes
Number of Fireplaces: 1
Heating: Heat Pump(s)
Heating Fuel: Electric, Wood
Cooling: Heat Pump(s), Window Unit(s)
Water Heater: Electric
Disabled Features: None
Has Basement: No
Exterior Features
Style: Cape Cod
Stories: 2
Is New Construction: No
Exterior: Siding - Vinyl
Possession: Settlement
Septic or Sewer: Septic
Water: Well
Parking Description: DW - Circular, Detached
Has Garage: No
Garage Spaces: 0
Has a Pool: No
Exposure Faces: Trees
Lot Size in Acres: 2.89
Lot Size in Sq. Ft.: 125, 888
Zoning: NC-1
Has Waterfront: No
Additional Information
ListDate: 2017-03-28 00:00:00.0
Property Type: SFR
Property SubType: Detached
Is Co-Op?: No
Year Built: 1987
Status: Active
Home Owners Association: Y
Tax Year: 2016
$ per month
Year Fixed. % Interest Rate.
|Principal + Interest:
|Monthly Tax:
|Monthly Insurance:
Based on a fully amortized fixed rate loan. Ask your agent for the tax rates in your area. Insurance estimate is based on an average cost, your final premium cost will be determined by the type of coverage you select. This program only provides an estimate.
Listing Courtesy of: Coldwell Banker Chesapeake Real Estate Company
© 2017 Metropolitan Regional Information Systems, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Information Deemed Reliable, but Not Guaranteed. The property information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. The listing information provided on this website comes from various brokers who participate in the Metropolitan Regional Information Systems IDX program.
MRIS data last updated at December 11, 2017 12:51 AM ET
Real Estate IDX Powered by iHomefinder


text:
Senior Innovation Consultant
- Recruiter
- Elizabeth Norman International
- Location
- London
- Salary
- £45000.00 - £65000.00 per annum
- Posted
- 11 Nov 2016
- Closes
- 11 Dec 2016
- Ref
- Contact
- Rachel Hussey
- Discipline
- Creative
- Specialism
- Planning & Strategy, Research & Insight
- Sector
- FMCG, Food & Drink
- Business Type
- Agency
- Seniority
- Manager
- Contract Type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Full-Time
Senior Innovation Consultant | London | £45-65k
A leading results-focused innovation consultancy that aims to go way beyond the traditional creativity workshop to talk about consumers are seeking a Senior Innovation Consultant to join the team.
The consultancy is looking for people who are excited about being a part of an independent, growing business and are highly inclusive, collaborative and team focused. They have high standards in everything they do, and are looking for people who are driven by results and want to partner with global clients to help them meet their strategic goals.
The role:
As a Senior Innovation Consultant, you'd be delivering end-to-end innovation engagements; from identifying opportunities with clients to clearly articulating the challenge and leading a team to get from ideation to in-market success. You'd be expected to proactively seek to understand client's needs and manage projects to deliver maximum impact, all the while developing business and hitting targets.
- 4+ years innovation experience in a consulting/agency environment with proven results
- Experience of strategic and commercial innovation - proven ability to create concepts, insights and opportunity platforms
- Client-facing experience
- Direct experience of conducting qualitative, ethnographic or design research
To be considered for this role please click apply now.


text:
OpenNMS: Monitoring large systems and networks
Big Time
If you need to monitor very large networks, you need powerful software. OpenNMS offers serious monitoring capabilities in a truly open source package.
Despite administrators' best efforts, networks, servers, and services are destined to fail at some point. Sometimes the failure is obvious (a fan goes out or a backhoe meets your network cable), and sometimes the failure is subtle (a DNS change that breaks email to a server).
Buy this article as PDF
(incl. VAT)
Buy Linux Magazine
Visit Our Shop
Direct Download
Read full article as PDF:038-041_openNMS.pdf (3.03 MB)
KubeCon Concluded in Austin, Texas
The Kubernetes community gathered in Austin, Texas.
Dell to Disable Intel's Insecure IME
Dell responds to the reports of critical vulnerabilities in the Intel vPro Management Engine.
Linus Torvalds' Precious Advice to Security Experts
Torvalds said that developers should focus more on debugging than resorting to fallback mode.
GPLv3 Comes to the Rescue of GPL Violators
Red Hat adopts GPLv3 cure provisions to help companies fix GPL violations.
Linux Kernel 4.14 Released
Torvalds lashes out at a Canonical developer who introduced a regression.
Fedora 27 Is Released
Developers can now access Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer subscriptions on Fedora 27 at no cost.
Samsung to Bring Linux to the Galaxy Phone
Samsung is testing Linux desktop for its DeX experience.
System76 Releases Pop!_OS
An Ubuntu-based operating system designed for professionals.
News and views on the GPU revolution in HPC and Big Data:
HIP: CUDA Integration with ROCm
Exploring AMD's Ambitious ROCm Initiative
Crypto-Currency Mining Drives a Surge in GPU Sales
New Platform for GPU-Enabled HPC and Ultra-Scale Computing
Radeon Instinct: Evolving, Adapting & Learning Evolving, Adapting & Learning
Linux Comes to Windows
Run multiple Linux distributions in Windows 10.


text:
We will help you find a local psychology tutor in Coleraine and anywhere in the UK. Local psychology tuition is an excellent way to boost confidence as well as improving grades and doesn't have to be boring! Please use our service to search for Coleraine psychology tutors and select which best meets your needs.
First Tutors is the only place to find the top Coleraine psychology tutors for your needs, enabling you to find a local Coleraine psychology teacher for any subject including GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Biology. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn French, take a Greek course or prepare yourself for German life, we can help - and all in Coleraine! Our search will order psychology Coleraine teachers in your area by psychology tuition charges and distance from you.
If you are a Coleraine psychology tutor wishing to offer your local psychology tuition services in Coleraine or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about what we offer here. Private psychology tuition is a fantastic way to re-affirm your own psychology knowledge while helping someone else, all in your local Coleraine area!


text:
Protein concentration determination. The perfect protein assay would exhibit the following characteristicsFastEasy to useSensitiveAccuratePreciseFree from interferences. Commonly used protein assay. Absorbance at 280 nmBiuret assayLowery methodCoomassie Brilliant dye binding assayBicinchoninic acid (BCA) method.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.


text:
My blog readers are awesome! Thank you so much to everyone who took part in the De-lurking Initiative I was so excited to read about all the areas of the world people are reading from, and hear some opinions on both the blog and oatmeal!
I compiled a list of the locations (in no particular order). Based on the responses, we are quite a diverse group!
Chicago, IL (2)
Charlotte, NC
Yucaipa, CA
San Diego, CA
Victoria, BC, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Los Angeles, CA (2)
Ontario, Canada (2)
London, England
Baltimore, MD
Woodbridge, VA
Rhode Island
Washington, DC (2)
New York, NY (3)
Boston, MA
Czech Republic
Valdosta, GA
Cleveland, OH
Dallas, TX
San Angelo, Texas
Overland Park, KS
Amherst, MA
Athens, GA
St. Louis, MO
Pittsburg, PA
Austin, TX
Michigan (2)
Shepherdstown, WV
Mountain View, CA
Seattle, WA (2)
Exton, PA
New York State
I've gotten several more locations in the comment section Here they are: Orlando, FL; Brazil; Iowa; Richmond, VA; Minneapolis, MN (holla!!); Bristol, England; Germany, Mannheim. SWEET!!
My next step is to figure out a way to include a map somewhere on my page. Does anyone have any suggestions for the best site to use for that graphic?
Thanks again to Meghann for the idea I hope some of you will keep commenting!
Keeping with the oatmeal theme, I tried another new combination today and I think it may be one of my favorites. I give you Peanut Butter, Banana & Jelly Oatmeal!
Yum! Here's today's combination:
- 1/2 cup old-fashioned oatmeal
- 1/2 cup water
- 1/2 cup unsweetened chocolate almond milk
- 1/4 cup liquid egg whites
- 1/2 small banana
- 1 tbsp. ground flax
- 1/8 cup Bear Naked Peanut Butter Granola
- 1 tbsp. Smucker's Strawberry Jam
Seriously, it was amazing! Has anyone ever tried adding jam to oatmeal before? How have I not thought of this until now?! Given my incredible sweet tooth, I should have tried this ages ago! Oh well, better late than never – and it was worth the wait!
I had a mug of Coffee Cocoa on the side to start the day off right.
I spent the morning in class learning about copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets – we talked about Bratz vs. Barbie I met up with K and one of our favorite people on campus for lunch at the student center. I was pretty hungry since class doesn't get out until 2:00, so I decided to get the chicken and vegetable stir-fry.
Sorry for the bit of blur in the picture. It was a very good stir-fry, though! It combined red and green bell peppers, mushrooms, water chestnuts, pineapple, chicken and brown rice with a teriyaki sauce. And because we were having a long and fun discussion, I was able to savor each bite instead of eating on the go, which made it even better!
When I got home, I got the best gift EVER from K…
Words can't describe how much I love Peeps! Especially at Easter – but I love the fact that they now have them at pretty much every holiday! I broke out a spook for a little after lunch treat!
After doing a bit of work, I headed for the gym, where I did a lovely 40 minutes on the elliptical machine and an arm workout that worked biceps, triceps and shoulders. I can tell I'm going to be sore tomorrow!
I came back and made myself a post-workout snack of 1 cup Fage 0% sprinkled with some rice puffs, more peanut butter granola and a tsp. of maple syrup.
It really hit the spot – I'm telling you, if you don't like Greek yogurt now, just keep on trying and eventually your taste buds will get used to it. It's hard for me to go a day without eating it now! I'm excited to try the Oikos samples now that I've used up my previous supply And the Chobani review is coming soon!
My snack held me over well through another night at the television station. I run the video playback for our sports show on Thursdays. It's my job to make sure the right video is playing at the right time. When I first started, I was very nervous and worried that I would do something to screw up the show. But with practice, I've learned that it's not so bad, and I actually enjoy it! I know – I'm a broadcast dork!
I came home and fixed myself something small until I could enjoy the main event (keep reading to find out what that is!).
I heated up a bag of steamed microwave veggies – an Asian blend that consisted of red peppers, water chestnuts and broccoli. After I ate it, I realized it was a lot like lunch 😉 Oh well, can't have too many veggies I guess!
The main event was my first-ever acorn squash!! I followed this recipe exactly, but substituted Promise Light for the butter. Here they are all buttered up and ready to go into the oven!
1 hour + 15 minutes later…voila!
The pool of goodness is the maple syrup/brown sugar combination. I did as the recipe said and spooned it out over the drier areas of one half of the squash.
The sweet version of acorn squash was unbelievably good! I remember reading on many blogs that the skin is good too…and it really was! I would liken it to a potato skin in terms of texture. I think I might even like the skin the most!! I saved the other half for lunch tomorrow.
So now I've tried spaghetti squash, butternut squash and acorn squash. I want to try a savory recipe next time! Any tips as to what kind of squash I should try next?
While I was writing this post, I had another mug of Decaf Coffee Cocoa. It's becoming a tradition – caffeinated to start the day off right, and decaf to wind down and relax the night away What are some of your favorite evening rituals?
Happy Halloween!!


text:
Human Leukocyte Antigen Variants B*44 and B*57 Are Consistently Favorable during Two Distinct Phases of Primary HIV-1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans with Several Viral Subtypes
- From:
- Department for International Development
- Document Type:
- Journal Article
- Theme:
- Health
- Authors:
- Allen, S., Kamali, A., Karita, E., Anzala, O., Gilmour, J. Price, M.A., Sanders, E.J., Amornkul, P.N., Lakhi, S., Cormier, E., Hunter, E., Jianming Tang, Kaslow, R.A., Prentice, H.A., and Wei Song
As part of an ongoing study of early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in sub-Saharan African countries, we have identified 134 seroconverters (SCs) with distinct acute phase (peak) and early chronic phase (set-point) viremia. SCs with class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants B*44 and B*57 had much lower peak viral load (VL) than SCs without these variants (adjusted linear regression beta = –1.08 ± 0.26 log10 and –0.83 ± 0.27 log10, respectively, P
Journal of Virology (2011) [doi:10.1128/JVI.00439-11] Published online ahead of print, 29 June 2011
Human Leukocyte Antigen Variants B44 and B57 Are Consistently Favorable during Two Distinct Phases of Primary HIV-1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans with Several Viral Subtypes
Document information
From: Department for International Development
Document Type: Journal Article
Theme: Health
Authors: Allen, S. Kamali, A. Karita, E. Anzala, O. Gilmour, J. Price, M.A. Sanders, E.J. Amornkul, P.N. Lakhi, S. Cormier, E. Hunter, E. Jianming Tang Kaslow, R.A. Prentice, H.A. Wei Song


text:
Cedexis Relies on Puppet Enterprise to Provide 100% Availability and Optimal Web Performance for 200+ Media, Retail and Luxury Consumer Brands
Cedexis is the global expert in multicloud strategies with locations in Portland, San Francisco and Paris. Cedexis needed a solution that simplified the management of their machines. Cedexis had to have additional sysadmins available to frequently check the status of their machines, delaying projects and taking away from more business ...Download Now
Server Density Selects Puppet Labs to Successfully Grow Server Monitoring Infrastructure
Server Density is a monitoring service which alerts when the websites are slow or down, then gives the internal server metrics to find out why. They need to configuration management and Speed up the multiple server. They chose Puppet to overcome from these challenges. By deploying Puppet, configuration for all ...Download Now


text:
About Us
We have been serving the GTA for over 20 years,
and providing an one-stop location for medical equipment and
professional home care services.
We specialize in a wide variety of home modification,
including installing stairlifts, ceiling lifts, porch lifts and elevators for residential use. In addition to
completing wheelchair accessible renovations,
we are an A.D.P authorized vendor for all types of
mobility devices and supplies.
Call us today or visit our showroom!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 8, 1991
|Filing date
|Aug 29, 1990
|Priority date
|Dec 31, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Michael de la Chapelle, Hui-pin Hsu
|Original Assignee
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (36), Classifications (13), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/306,004 filed Feb. 2, 1989 which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 06/948,338 filed Dec. 31, 1986 both now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to microwave switches and modulators. More particularly, the invention relates to a microwave switch/modulator which is controlled by optical illumination from a laser light source or the like. The illumination causes variations in the reactance of the switch/modulator photodiode, thereby detuning a resonant circuit, causing RF signals to be reflected rather than absorbed or transmitted. The microwave switch/modulator is also electronically tunable so that the microwave frequency of operation can be varied by adjusting the reverse bias voltage to the photodiode.
2. Description of Related Art
High-speed RF and microwave switches are used in numerous applications. They are often used in radar receivers as blanking switches to protect sensitive circuitry from damage during the transmit pulse. Fast switching is necessary for this application in order to minimize the period of time in which the receiver is disabled after the transmit pulse has ended so the radar can detect close targets.
Heretofore, high-speed RF and microwave switches have employed optoelectronic microwave switching technology, which relies on photoconduction to achieve microwave switching. Photoconductivity is an increase in conductivity with illumination. Thus prior art optoelectronic switches rely on a change in the device resistance to effect the switching function.
Prior art optoelectronic microwave switches can be classified according to the means of operation. Plasma switches work by forming a highly conductive plasma in the electrical path of a microwave transmission line. The plasma-forming semiconductor material can be placed as a shunt element, a series element or both. See Platte "Optoelectronic Microwave Switching", IEE Proceedings, Volume 132, No. 2. pp 126-132, April, 1985.
It has also been proposed to use light of two different wavelengths to turn on and off a plasma switch constructed as a simple gap in a microstrip transmission line on a semiconductor substrate. One wavelength of light is absorbed in the surface of the semiconductor and forms a conducting plasma across the microstrip gap allowing RF transmission. The other wavelength penetrates deep into the semiconductor, forming a conducting plasma to ground which reflects the incident RF energy. For more information on this technique, see A. M. Johnson, D. H. Auston, "Microwave Switching By Picosecond Photoconductivity", IEEE - QE, Volume QE-11, No. 6, pp 283-287, June, 1975.
Plasma switches turn on very rapidly (10-100 pS) but turn off very slowly (1 uS-1 mS) because there is no electric field present to sweep away carriers. The turnoff time is determined by carrier recombination unless some means of shunting is used as described above. A second disadvantage of the plasma switch is the requirement for a high-powered laser to form a plasma over a large region or surface.
Avalanche photodiode switches have been used as microwave switches because of their high photoconductivity. The diode is typically biased near avalanche breakdown, where a small amount of illumination causes ionization in the high field region. The electron-hole pairs in turn ionize other atoms creating large photocurrents through multiplication. For more information on this effect, refer to R. A. Kiehl, "An Avalanching Optoelectronic Microwave Switch", IEEE - MTT, Volume MTT 27, No. 5, pp 533-539, May, 1979. Avalanche photodiodes switch comparatively slowly because the avalanche process takes time to build. Also, they are noisy and can have thermal problems.
Bias controlled optoelectronic switches represent a whole class of switches which use bias control to turn optical detectors on and off. For instance, a photodiode can switch on and off the detected microwave modulated illumination from a laser by transitioning from reverse to forward bias, respectively. In other words, photodiode detectors only function in reverse bias. When they are switched to forward bias, they will not detect amplitude modulated microwave energy on an optical carrier. In a similar way, an avalanche photodiode can be turned on and off by switching the bias in and out of avalanche. Bias controlled optoelectronic switches thus rely on changes in bias in order to switch. As a result, this type of switch nas the same speed as a conventional PIN diode switch (on the order of 10 nS).
The present invention can switch or modulate microwave signals at a factor of 10-1000 times faster than conventional bias controlled microwave switches such as PIN diodes. The invention employs an optically controlled diode which uses changes in diode reactance, rather than resistance, as a mechanism to switch or modulate microwave energy. The optically controlled switch of the invention also enjoys complete isolation between the control circuitry (pulse modulator for the laser) and the microwave switching circuitry, so that no undesirable interference or transients can be coupled into the switched signal. The invention is thus useful in a wide range of high-speed RF and microwave switching applications, including EW receiver blanking switches for applications where a wide bandwidth tuneability can be employed for selectively receiving and nulling jamming signals. The invention is also useful for analog modulator applications where an intensity modulated optical signal can be used to amplitude modulate a microwave signal. The range of applications of the invention includes radar, EW, RF and microwave communications, and signal processing.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a photoreactive diode showing a plasma region formed by laser illumination and a depletion region created by reverse biasing and device;
FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a photoreactive diode with regions defined;
FIG. 3 is a graph depicting absorption coefficient versus wavelength of illumination for a semiconductor;
FIG. 4 is a graph depicting conductivity versus depth from the surface of the semiconductor;
FIG. 5(A) is a Smith chart plot of measured reflection coefficients for an unilluminated photodiode with 8 volts bias;
FIG. 5(B) is a schematic diagram depicting a model of photodiode developed from the S-parameters;
FIG. 6 is a Smith coefficient at 8 GHz due to illumination by a 2 mW, 0.833 μm laser for two different bias voltages;
FIG. 7(A) is a schematic diagram of a resonant impedance matching circuit required in conjunction with the invention;
FIG. 7(B) is a layout of the circuit of FIG. 7(A) on microstrip substrate;
FIG. 8(A) is a graph depicting the return loss versus frequency of a switch using the impedance matching circuit of FIG. 7(A) showing tuning effect of reverse bias voltage;
FIG. 8(B) is a graph depicting frequency of peak return loss versus bias voltage showing saturation as the photodiode punches through;
FIG. 9 is a graph depicting return loss versus frequency of a photodiode illiminated with a 2 mW, 0.33 μm laser and further showing the illuminated and unilluminated states;
FIG. 10(A) is a schematic block diagram of the reflection/absorption switch using a circulator to separate the input and output signals;
FIG. 10(B) is a graph depicting isolation/insertion loss versus frequency, showing actual switch performance for two bias voltages; and
FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic block diagrams of a photoreactive diode employed in two different two-port transmission/reflection switching schemes.
The present invention employs a mechanism in which the reactance of the photodiode varies with illumination. This mechanism will be hereinafter referred to as the "photoreactive effect". Photoreactance is caused by the formation of a plasma on the surface of a photodiode resulting from photons colliding with atoms (ionization) in the active region of the device. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the photoreactive diode 20 comprises ohmic contact 22, undepleted region 24, depletion region 26, plasma region 28 and a Schottky contact ring 30. The thickness of the plasma region, tp, increases with illumination on the photodiode. A depletion region of thickness, td, is formed in a reversed biased diode.
The capacitance of the photodiode can be approximated by the simple parallel plate model as: ##EQU1##
Where A is the active area of the photodiode and E is the permitivity of the material.
This equation shows that increasing the plasma thickness by increasing the illumination causes the photodiode capacitance to rise.
The depletion thickness as a function of the reverse bias voltage for a Schottky diode is given by: ##EQU2## where: Nd =donor impurity density, Vb1 =built in potential, Vd =reverse bias voltage, k is Boltzmann's constant, q is the electronic charge and T=temperature. This equation demonstrates that the depletion thickness increases with bias voltage. Therefore, the maximum photoreactive effect occurs at voltages where the depletion thickness is only slightly larger than the plasma thickness such that td -tp is small.
A photon is absorbed in a semiconducting material creating an electron-hole pair if its energy is greater than or equal to the band gap, Eg, i.e.,
hν>E.sub.g, where ν=c/λ, h=Planck's constant, c=speed of light and λ=wavelength of the photon (3)
Therefore, there is a critical wavelength of illumination above which there is transmission and below which there is absorption of photons, i.e., ##EQU3## As a result, for this invention to function, absorption of photons must occur using illumination at wavelengths less than the critical wavelength, λ<λc.
The absorption coefficient, α, is a measure of the degree to which a semiconductor absorbs photons and is, of course, a function of wavelength, as shown in FIG. 3.
The distribution of electron-hole pairs created by illumination of a semiconductor is given by,
N(x)=N.sub.o e.sup.-αx (5)
where e=2.71828, x is distance from the surface where No is the surface carrier density. Therefore, θ, the conductivity as a function of depth from the surface of the semiconductor is given by, ##EQU4## where θo (I) is the surface conductivity which is a function of the illumination intensity, μn is the effective mobility of electrons and μp is the effective mobility of holes. The conductivity versus depth is plotted in FIG. 4 for two different illumination levels. The exponential conductivity distribution can be approximated by a rectangular distribution as depicted by the dotted line in FIG. 4 of conductivity θp and thickness tp. The effective plasma thickness is defined as a region of approximately metallic conductivity, where θp is on the order of 105 mhos/cm or greater. From equation (6), the effective plasma thickness is,
t.sub.p =α.sup.-1 1n [θ.sub.o (I)/θ.sub.p ](7)
Substituting equations (7) and (2) into (1) gives an approximate expression for the photodiode capacitance as a function of the bias voltage and illumination. ##EQU5##
Equation (8) shows that the capacitance increases with increasing illumination and decreasing bias voltage.
The capacitance becomes very large as tp approaches td. When tp =td the denominator of equations (1) and (8) go to zero and the capacitance goes to infinity. This occurs when the plasma region spans the depletion region. In this case, there will be a large change in the resistance, as well as the reactance, of the photodiode.
To the first order, the depletion thickness is not affected by the presence of the plasma, since the plasma is charge neutral--containing as many holes as electrons. The equilibrium density of carriers within the plasma region is determined by the rate at which electrons and holes are created, the rate at which they drift and diffuse, and their recombination times. Electrons and holes are separated and carried by the electric field present in the depletion region. The electrons are carried across the depletion region creating an external photocurrent while the holes move in the opposite direction and are immediately collected at the Schottky contact. The space charge of the electrons travelling through the drift region will depress the electric field, but this is considered a second order effect and is neglected.
The measured reflection coefficients (S11) as a function of frequency for an unilluminated 50 μm diameter, GaAs, Schottky photodiode are plotted on the Smith chart of FIG. 5(A). The S-parameter data is fitted to the model of FIG. 5(B) where Cd is the depletion capacitance, Rd is the contact resistance and Lb is the bond wire inductance.
Illuminating the active area of the photodiode with 2 mW of optical energy from a miniature GaAlAs laser diode causes the reflection coefficient at 8 GHz to slightly shift, as shown in FIG. 6. The change in the S11 is purely reactive and corresponds to an increase in the depletion capacitance from 0.52 pF to 0.59 pF with illumination for 8 volts bias. With 2 volts bias the capacitance changes from 1.47 pF to 1.81 pF with illumination. There is a larger change in junction capacitance at 2 volts bias than at 8 volts bias (23% versus 7.3%). This is due to the fact that the depletion thickness is much narrower at 2 volts bias than at 8 volts bias.
A simple microwave matching circuit was designed and fabricated which matches 50 Ohms to the impedance of the unilluminated diode at 8 GHz. The matching circuit consisted of a series inductor and a quarter wavelength impedance transformer, as shown in FIG. 7A. The series inductor is chosen to resonate the unilluminated capacitance of the photodiode, Cdu, at 8 GHz. ##EQU6##
Lm eliminates the reactive part of the photodiode impedance leaving the real part, Rd. Rd is matched to 50 Ohms using a standard quarter wavelength transformer of impedance, Zm, where ##EQU7##
A transformer of such low impedance can be conveniently realized on microstrip using a thin substrate of high dielectric constant. For these reasons, 10 mil thick aluminum is chosen. The series matching inductor is realized on microstrip as a short section of high impedance transmission line. A layout of the circuit is shown in FIG. 7(B). Other two-element matching circuits are also suitable this application. These matching circuits may be realized on other microwave transmission media such as coaxial line, waveguide and strip-line.
The impedance matching circuit is designed to give a high return loss of its input over a narrow band about the center frequency (8 GHz). The center frequency at which the return loss peaks can be varied by adjusting the reverse bias to the photodiode. The tuning arises from the variation of the depletion capacitance with bias voltage as given by equation (8). A plot of return loss versus frequency for several reverse bias voltages is shown in FIG. 8(A). The frequency at which the return loss peak occurs as a function of bias voltage is plotted in FIG. 8(B). Notice that the frequency levels off at higher bias voltages as the diode punches through.
Illuminating the diode also causes the junction capacitance to vary, as described above. FIG. 9 shows the return loss versus frequency for an illuminated (using a GaAlAs laser of 0.833 μm wavelength) and unilluminated photodiode with 8 volts bias. The resonant frequency shifts by 300 MHz corresponding in a change in Cd from 0.55 pF in the unilluminated state to 0.59 pF in the illuminated state. The increase in capacitance is attributed to the formation of a plasma region in the diode, as described above.
Since the wavelength of the GaAlAs laser optical control signal (0.833 um) is slightly shorter than the critical wavelength of the GaAs photodiode (0.900 um), photons are absorbed in the photodiode to create a plasma, as described by equation (4).
FIG. 9 shows that the return loss at 8 GHz can be made to vary from 25 dB to 3 dB simply by illuminating the photodiode with 2 mW of optical power. The light is directed to the active area of the photodiode by an optical fiber.
The circuit can be made into a useful switch by connecting a circulator on the input (see FIG. 10(A)). When the return loss of the circuit is high, the incident energy is absorbed and the switch is in the high isolation state. When the return loss is low, incident energy is reflected and the device is in the low insertion loss state. The performance of the switch at two different bias voltages is shown in FIG. 10(B). Notice that the frequency shift due to illumination is much greater for smaller reverse bias voltages, as explained by equation (8).
Even though the invention is inherently narrow banded (5%), the center frequency of operation can be electronically tuned over a 25% band width by varying the reverse bias voltage. The invention has demonstrated operation at X-band, although it is theoretically possible to design a photoreactive switch/modulator which functions at MMW frequencies.
This invention switches states on the order of 10 pS, which is the time it takes to form the conducting plasma. The turn off time is determined by the time it takes for the plasma to recombine, diffuse, or be swept away by the electric field. The advantage of this switch is that the plasma is formed in a high electric field region so that most of the carriers are rapidly swept away when the illumination is stopped. Other plasma switches operated by photoconductive described in technical journals form plasmas in bulk semiconductors with no electric field to sweep away carriers. The turn off time for other plasma switches is determined by the recombination time of the carriers.
This invention can use a low power laser to generate the optical control pulses or modulation. A laser is a threshold device--when the bias current exceeds some threshold value it begins to lase almost instantaneously. The Ortel Corporation laser may be used to switch the invention off and on at picosecond speeds. Test equipment does not exist which permits the measurement of such fast picosecond pulses. Instead, we determined the switching speed of the device by modulating the laser control signal with a sine wave at X-band frequencies. The photodiode responded to X-band optical control signals indicating a switching speed on the order of 10 pS, which is a factor of 1000 improvement over a conventional PIN diode switch.
Of particular interest for some practical applications is a two-port transmission/reflection switch using a photoreactive diode rather than the one-port reflection/absorption switch described above. The former does not require a circulator to separate the input and output signals and can be used to switch higher power RF energy. Schematically, two-port switches could be fabricated as shown in FIG. 11(A) or 11(B). The two schemes function by detuning a high Q resonant circuit when the photodiode is illuminated. The resonant circuit is formed by the unilluminated photodiode capacitance, Cdu, and a resonant circuit inductance, LR �LR is chosen according to, ##EQU8## where ωo is the operating frequency of the switch. Both switches reflect incident microwave signals at frequency ωo when the photodiode is illuminated. When unilluminated, the resonant circuit is detuned allowing the signal to be transmitted. The design procedure and functioning of the switch is basically the same as described above.
While the invention has been described in connection with a gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor, for 0.8 μm wavelength illumination, the invention may be practiced with other semiconductor materials as well. In general, the semiconductor material is chosen to suit the particular wavelength illumination. Suitable materials include: silicon (Si), germanium arsenide (GeAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) for 0.8 μm illumination; indium gallium arsenide (In GaAs) and indium arsenide phosphate (In GaAsP) for 1.3 μm illumination; and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) for 1.55 μm illumination.
From the foregoing, it will be understood that the present invention provides a microwave switch/modulator which employs the photoreactive mechanism to switch at ultra-high speed. The invention is applicable to a wide range of frequencies including, microwave, RF, and MMW frequencies. While the invention has been described in its presently preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is capable of certain modification and change without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 21, 1963
|Sep 7, 1965
|North American Aviation Inc
|Microwave switch
|Feb 19, 1963
|Nov 30, 1965
|Hitachi Ltd
|Variable-capacitance diode modulator
|Dec 19, 1966
|Mar 24, 1970
|Rca Corp
|Method and apparatus for detecting light by capacitance change using semiconductor material with depletion layer
|Nov 21, 1974
|Nov 4, 1975
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Picosecond semiconductor electronic switch controlled by optical means
|May 8, 1975
|Aug 24, 1976
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Tunable electroabsorptive detector
|Jun 23, 1980
|Mar 8, 1983
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|High speed optoelectronic switch
|Jan 22, 1981
|Aug 2, 1983
|Harris Corporation
|Optomicrowave integrated circuit
|Oct 14, 1983
|Jul 23, 1985
|Joseph Maserjian
|Laser activated MTOS microwave device
|Jul 26, 1984
|Jan 13, 1987
|Mcginn Vincent P
|Photo-conductive element operative in the microwave region and a light-steerable antenna array incorporating the photo-conductive element
|Jan 31, 1985
|Jun 16, 1987
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Monolithic microwave diodes
|Mar 29, 1985
|Jun 23, 1987
|Rca Corporation
|Electrical phase shifter controlled by light
|Title not available
|P. R. Herczfeld et al.; "Optically controlled microwave devices and circuits"; R.C.A. Review, vol. 46, No. 4, Dec. 1985, pp. 528-551.
|P. R. Herczfeld et al.; Optically controlled microwave devices and circuits ; R.C.A. Review, vol. 46, No. 4, Dec. 1985, pp. 528 551.
|R. A. Kiehl; "An avalanching optoelectronic microwave switch", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques; vol. MTT-27, No. 5, May 1979, pp. 533-539.
|R. A. Kiehl; An avalanching optoelectronic microwave switch , IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques; vol. MTT 27, No. 5, May 1979, pp. 533 539.
|T. Yamamoto et al.; "The gold n-type GaAs surface barrier diode and its application to photocapacitors", Solid-State Electronics, vol. 11, No. 2, Feb. '68 pp. 219-224.
|T. Yamamoto et al.; The gold n type GaAs surface barrier diode and its application to photocapacitors , Solid State Electronics, vol. 11, No. 2, Feb. 68 pp. 219 224.
|W. Platte, Optoelectronic Microwave Switching, IEE Proc., vol. 32, Part J, No. 2, Apr. 1985, (Old Woking, GB), pp.126 132.
|W. Platte, Optoelectronic Microwave Switching, IEE Proc., vol. 32, Part J, No. 2, Apr. 1985, (Old Woking, GB), pp.126-132.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 10, 1994
|May 30, 1995
|Martin Marietta Corporation
|RF/optical modulator-demodulator
|Jan 3, 1995
|Feb 27, 1996
|E-Systems, Inc.
|Reconfiguration microstrip transmission line network
|Mar 28, 1997
|Mar 28, 2000
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Electro-optical broadband microwave frequency shifter
|Apr 11, 2002
|Mar 23, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|MRI-compatible medical device with passive generation of optical sensing signals
|Feb 19, 2002
|Apr 6, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Apr 6, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Apr 25, 2002
|Apr 20, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic radiation immune medical assist device adapter
|Aug 30, 2001
|May 4, 2004
|Biophan Technologies Inc.
|Pulse width cardiac pacing apparatus
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jun 29, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jul 6, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jul 13, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Aug 17, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Sep 21, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Sep 28, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Nov 16, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Nov 16, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Dec 7, 2004
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jan 18, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Feb 1, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|May 31, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Aug 2, 2001
|Aug 2, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|MRI-compatible implantable device
|Feb 19, 2002
|Oct 11, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Jan 28, 2002
|Nov 22, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Ceramic cardiac electrodes
|May 2, 2005
|Dec 27, 2005
|Biopham Technologies Inc.
|Optical MRI catheter system
|Oct 30, 2002
|Jan 17, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Hermetic component housing for photonic catheter
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jan 31, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Mar 7, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|Mar 14, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Feb 19, 2002
|May 16, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
|Sep 13, 2002
|May 30, 2006
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Pulsewidth electrical stimulation
|May 2, 2005
|Jun 17, 2008
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Optical MRI catheter system
|Oct 22, 2004
|Nov 11, 2008
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Medical device with an electrically conductive anti-antenna geometrical shaped member
|Jul 28, 2005
|May 25, 2010
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Optical semiconductor device in which an electromagnetic wave is generated in a region of an applied electric field
|Sep 21, 2004
|Sep 3, 2013
|Medtronic, Inc.
|MRI-compatible implantable device
|Oct 22, 2004
|Apr 28, 2005
|Biophan Technologies, Inc.
|Medical device with an electrically conductive anti-antenna geometrical shaped member
|Jul 28, 2005
|Sep 11, 2008
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Optical Semiconductor Device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 5, 1995
|Surcharge for late payment
|May 5, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 16, 1995
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 5, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 26, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Jul 28, 2004
Owner name: RAYTHEON COMPANY, MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HE HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:015596/0626
Effective date: 19971217
Owner name: HE HOLDINGS, INC., A DELAWARE CORP., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:015596/0755
Effective date: 19951208


text:
Job Seekers – Who's Your Competition? – Page 2
Jun 16 2007 in Uncategorized by Phil Rosenberg
How will it help you find a job?
hireINSIDER provides competitive information that gives you an idea if you are a good fit for a position, clearly superior, or over/under qualified.
Will this information find a job for you? No … but it will provide information that can help you in your search. Sorry, you'll have to find the job on your own.
The easy case is if you are over/under qualified based on your competitors. If you find that your background is much more advanced or way under the average candidates, chances are low that you'll get an interview or even have your resume get through the automated screens.
Through a careful inspection of hireINSIDER, you can gain insight into what companies might be seeking for a specific position … and then use that knowledge for applications you make to other companies.
What can you learn?
hireINSIDER information includes:
- Number of applicants: Did 10 people or 5,000 people apply for this job?
- Employment status: What percentage of applicants were employed? Unemployed?
- Education Level: If you didn't graduate high school, and 60% of all applicants have a Masters, do you think you'll get the call?
- Top College Majors: Find out if that degree in Bagpiping, Ozark Winemaking, or Bowling Management will finally pay off
- Top Universities: See if your scholarship to Wassa Madda U will impress the hiring manager
( Continued … What can you do with this info? )
Like this article?
Subscribe here and have daily tips delivered to your email.
or delivered to your RSS reader.
For access to more information:
Become a fan of reCareered on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Chicago-IL/reCareered/21126045429
Join Career Change Central on Linkedin: http://www.linkedin.com/e/gis/1800872
Related Articles:
The Top 30 Job Boards For 2010
3 Ways To Leverage Job Boards And Discover The Hidden Job Market
Email your request to email@example.com to enroll in a free group teleseminar "Accelerate Your Job Search – tools you can use".
Source: http://reCareered.blogspot.com
You might also like
|Job Seekers – Who's Your Competition? – Page 3 What can you do with this info?Understanding competitive information can help a candidate choose which...
|Job Seekers – Who's Your Competition? Job seekers - Would you like to see how you stack up against the competition? While there is much information...
|3 Ways To Leverage Job Boards And Discover The Hidden Job Market – page 3 One might think that job boards would be of little use in such a competitive market, just a direct path...
|Job Search Time Management – page 2 The game has changed in a big way - it's at least 6 times more competitive. In an average job market,...


text:
These power LED stars offer an extremely high light output in an energy efficient way. The power LED comes mounted on to special PCB star that acts to draw heat away from the LED, therefore extending it operational life. This makes them perfect for many lighting applications, a datasheet can be viewed detailing a few options.
|Forward Voltage:
|Luminous Intensity:
|Colour Temp:
Write Your Own Review
Hi Phill, With regards to using a potentiometer to dim an LED you would only be able to dim a small section of what the LED emits, as such you would likely have the LED on, it would then dim slightly and then go off as you turn the potentiometer. If you wished to try this circuit you would need to use the following potentiometer, 3005-50R, https://www.kitronik.co.uk/c3005-wirewound-potentiometer.html
You would connect this in series with the two power LED stars, and then put the 10 Ohm power resistor in parallel with the 2 LED stars and potentiometer.Posted byon Thursday, 26 January 2017
Unfortunately you wouldn't be able to use a coin cell battery to power this, the LED star draws 310mA and the coin cell batteries can only supply 200mA.Posted byon Friday, 6 May 2016
The following link explains how you would need to connect this up, also it explains a little more into how it works, https://www.kitronik.co.uk/blog/how-to-make-a-battery-operated-dimmer-light-project/Posted byon Tuesday, 9 February 2016
It would depend on the current of the supply, and also the current that the electromagnet uses. You might get some back EMF from the electromagnet, so it would be worth putting a beefy blocking diode in line with the LEDsPosted byon Monday, 8 February 2016
Yes you can use a battery to power the LED, you can power it from either AA batteries or a Polymer Lithium Ion Battery. This would give you around 3 hours of battery life. It would still be recommended to use a resistor, and this would depend on the batteries you wanted to use.Posted byon Wednesday, 26 August 2015
1voteA: Yes, if you are using a mobile phone charger as the power source and it's rated to at least 1A you can light 2 of them safely if wired in parallel with a 10R 2.5W power resistor each. If you are plugging the kit into a computer though you don't want to do this as it may damage your USB socket.Posted byon Monday, 20 October 2014
0voteA: You could try a 1W or 3W LED star with appropriate power resistor. (check the resources page if you aren't sure) and a mono amp kit. (not the pre-built ones, they have SMT bits that cant be transplanted easily.) You could run all this from a 12V 1A power supply.Posted byon Tuesday, 27 May 2014
0voteA: Yes you can do this, you will want to use the potentiometer as well as the resistor mentioned in the data sheet. That way when the potentiometer is set to 0 ohms the LED will still be protected. You should use a potentiometer with a suitable power rating. https://www.kitronik.co.uk/products/components/resistors/metal-shaft-linar-potentiometers/10k-16mm-linear-potentiometer/ this one is ok. If you need a circuit diagram to help show how to wire it up let me know.Posted byon Saturday, 3 May 2014
0voteA: The LEDs have a forward voltage of 3.2V per LED so if you put 2 LEDs in series then they will have an overall voltage of 6.4V. I don?t know how much above 6V the dynamo will be under load, so you would want to test this. The two LEDs would take a total of 1W so if you repeated this three times then then you would need 3W and the dynamo you mention is 3.5W so yes if you connect 3 lots of 2 series LEDs together then it should be fine. I?d just make sure with a multimeter that the current going in to each LED is within the rated amount (1W, 3.2V = 300mA), if not then you should use a power current limit resistor.Posted byon Monday, 3 December 2012
Hi Nathan, It is very difficult to comment on if the IPhone charger would be suitable as we don't have any information regarding this. For the 1W LED star we have three recommend power options that can be viewed here, https://www.kitronik.co.uk/blog/how-to-use-1w-star-led/. The key points to bear in mind when selecting your power supply is it must be able to deliver 310mA per 1W LED star and the correct power resistor must be used depending on the supply voltage and number of LED stars your using.Posted byon Wednesday, 26 April 2017
0voteA: Hi Phil, if you are wanting to work out what resistor is required it would just be Voltage over Current. The example where a 10 Ohm power resistor is used is only correct if you have three LED stars in series. If you are just using 1 you would need a 33 Ohm resistor.Posted byon Wednesday, 31 May 2017
0voteA: Hi Adam, Thank you for your question I have had a look and I believe that setup should work. Best Regards CullenPosted byon Tuesday, 20 June 2017
Excl. VAT: £0.30 Incl. VAT: £0.36 As low as: £0.192
White 5mm Water Clear LED - 15deg - 11000mCd
White 5mm Ultra bright Water Clear LED with a viewing angle of 15degre...
Excl. VAT: £0.52 Incl. VAT: £0.624 As low as: £0.384
Colour Changing 5mm Diffused LED - 750mCd
High brightness and 5mm in size, this Colour Changing LED cycles gentl...
Excl. VAT: £0.15 Incl. VAT: £0.18 As low as: £0.084
White 5mm Diffused LED - 700mCd
White 5mm Standard Diffused LED with a viewing angle of 60 degrees. Lu...
Excl. VAT: £0.37 Incl. VAT: £0.444 As low as: £0.192
White 5mm Water Clear LED - 140deg - 3000mCd
The 5mm Wide Angle White LED has a flat top, is high brightness, and h...
Excl. VAT: £2.10 Incl. VAT: £2.52 As low as: £2.28
3W White Power LED Star
Energy efficient yet rich in light productivity: the 3W White Power LE...
Excl. VAT: £0.40 Incl. VAT: £0.48 As low as: £0.288
White 5mm Water Clear LED - 15deg - 17500mCd
White 5mm Mega bright Water Clear LED with a viewing angle of 15 degre...


text:
I am not sure when I first heard the term 'El Dorado.' I know it was decades before the recent Indiana Jones movie where Harrison Ford is in the jungle of South America looking for a lost civilization. I do not recall much about the movie except that the villain was a female Colonel Doctor. That, and at the end of the movie everything exploded. I have grown tired of the 'aliens from space centuries ago established a civilization,' theme that seems to infatuate Hollywood now days. Instead of Egypt, it happened to be in the Amazon jungle. Whoever discovers the lost civilization may discover the power of these ancient aliens. I enjoyed it far less than the original Indiana Jones movie in1981.
When I first created and played TreasureTrove in the late 1980's with my kids, I placed El Dorado in the Amazon jungle of Brazil. I placed a chunk of fool's gold(pyrite) as the treasure to collect when landing on the space. It was one of my son's favorite treasures to collect while we played the game. This was decades before the Indiana Jones movie. Most books that I researched about South American treasure kept mentioning El Dorado. That was the days before a person could just surf the internet. As far the when the actual game was produced twenty years later, the treasure piece was a stack of gold nuggets, not a chunk of fool's gold.
I recently watched a documentary titled "Lost in the Amazon," about an famous explorer who went deep into the Amazon in search of a lost civilization of great wealth. The British explorer named Col. Percy Fawcett was trying to find the fabled lost city he called Z. He never returned after one of his trips in 1925. The documentary was one episode of a series called Secrets of the Dead. Fawcett was probably as close to Indiana Jones as a person could be. It is thought he was killed, probably by hostile Indians.
In the 16th century the Spaniards reported large cities in the Amazon, and possessing great wealth. In one such city it was said the king covered himself with gold dust. That legendary city was referred to as El Dorado. Because these fabled cities were never found they were deemed at best myths by the end of the 19th century. That skepticism changed in 1911 when Machu Picchu was discovered. It renewed interest in the possibility of the existence of El Dorado, and inspired Fawcett to carry out his expeditions. Fawcett had received some information from an acquaintance who had done library research in Brazil and that there indeed reports by Spanish explorers of lost civilizations in the Amazon. It is not known when but by the 20th century these cities were reported to have had stone buildings, some with Greek style letters on them. In the last few decades as more land is being farmed in what was previously jungle, several large sites, some as big as 160 square miles with large earthen works, have been dug up. Not cities of stone as legend says, but cities with large populations, well over 100,000 people. The people of these cities were probably decimated by disease after encountering the Spanish. The cities had been lost to the jungle for centuries, long before 20th century explorers such as Fawcett. Cities this large very well could have obtained great wealth. It is possible in time archaeologists will discover the lost gold of the past civilizations. Even if they do not, I believe there is some truth to the fable city of El Dorado.
Please visit our website at www.TresureTrovegame.com


text:
The 10 Best Family Attractions in Singapore
Tourism in Singapore: One of the easier alternatives for a family vacation owing to its innumerable fun-filled attractions, Singapore has been regarded as an attractive family tourism destination among international tourists. As a cosmopolitan city highlighting large scale cultural and racial harmony, Singapore boasts of a well-developed and thriving tourism industry. The rich colonial history is reflected in its cultural differences brought about by the scores of citizens from Arabia, Malays, China and India. Largely considered to be a South-east Asian business center, Singapore is home to a thriving shopping district located in the Orchard Road region. Housing a large number of hotels, Orchard Road district is considered to be at the center of the tourism industry in Singapore.
Top ten attractions for families in Singapore: It is not only the green environment that attracts tourists to Singapore but also great services on offer at the various tourist destinations in the city. This stellar city has a magnificent diversity of attractive destinations, from unique features of entertainment to the ccolorfuland swirling markets to the crafty architectural designs dotting the city streets. For those planning a holiday in Singapore here is a list of the ten best attractions that the city has to offer:
Universal Studio, Singapore:
Universal Studio offers seven themed sections featuring innumerable shows and rides. Each section relates to a major hit film, Madagascar, Far Far Away and The Lost World, to name a few. The Hollywood Boulevard is framed by palm trees, a dynamic architecture and the famous Walk of Fame while Madagascar is a dense tropical jungle, home to a number of strange and wonderful animals.
Merlion Park:
Located at the very heartland of this stellar city, Merlion Park is surrounded by a number of famous buildings. The Merlion statue is the highlight of not only the park but of the entire nation. A mythical creature having a lion's head and fish's body, Merlion has been promoted as the icon for the city of Singapore.
Singapore Night Safari:
The night safari in Singapore is the first nocturnal zoo in the world. Not only does it provide wonder and entertainment to its visitors, the place is also dedicated towards the rescue, research and conservation of animals to improve their lives both in the wild and in captivity. At present, it is home to 1040 animals from as many as 120 different species of which close to 30% have been enlisted as threatened species (image by Rodney Thomson).
Clarke Quay:
Formed on the banks of the Singapore river close to 150 years ago, Clarke Quay is where the throbbing scene of Singapore's nightlife is concentrated. Buzzing nightclubs, beautiful people and glittering lights are just some of the images that imprint themselves on the minds of visitors following their first visit to Clarke Quay.
Singapore Botanical Gardens:
Located in the middle of town, this botanical garden has a comprehensive collection of plants, most of them threatened and endangered species. Spread across approximately 64 acres, tourists can enjoy the lush green trees and scenery of the place. A swan lake is located quite close to the entrance. Among the main attractions within the garden premises, the National Orchid Garden towards the mid-western boundaries is a top draw. A hilly site spread over three hectares of land, it houses more than a thousand different species and over two thousand different hybrid varieties of orchids.
Singapore Science Center:
For the young scientists and technology experts of the future, the Singapore Science Center is major attraction. With close to nine hundred interactive rides describing the beauty and wonders of science, this place has been recognised as one that will surely stimulate the young minds. This place is closed on all Mondays apart from other national holidays.
National Museum of Singapore:
Bearing a spirit of innovation for the most innovative and youngest minds, the National Museum of Singapore is the oldest of all museums in the city. Designed as a public museum, the place prides itself in its diverse and sophisticated ways of presenting history that redefines the conventional museum experience. Apart from housing artefacts and exhibits, the museum also offers a distinct flavor through its vibrant and challenging festivals and events. The structure boasts of a combined Renaissance and Neo-Palladian style comprising two rectangular blocks and a dome at the front.
China Town:
An ethnic neighborhood, Chinatown is located in the largest district of Outram. It features a historically concentrated population of ethnic Chinese people and distinct cultural elements belonging to the Chinese. The architecture of the various buildings dotting the streets is worth looking at, combining the Baroque and Victorian styles. China Town also offers number of delicacies from the Chinese cuisine while some of its unique bars allow for a romantic night in a quaint part, away from the hustle-bustle of the mainstream city (image by Hadi_Hamid).
Little India Singapore:
To the east of the Singapore river and across from China Town lies Little India, another ethnic neighborhood. Little India is home to cultural elements predominantly from the Indian state of Tamilnadu, apart from many other aspects from varying cultures. Popularly known as Tekka in the local Tamil community, one can find a number of great things here, from unique fruits and sweets to cheap shoes and clothes as is worn by the various Indian communities.
Orchard Road:
The main shopping district of Singapore, Orchard Road is home to a number of pedestrian malls, hotels, nightclubs, cafes, coffee chains and upmarket restaurants. Orchard Road is also the location of the Istana, official residence of the Singapore President. The primary attraction of this place is the number of shopping malls that, when fully lit at night can dazzle the surroundings and leave shopaholics simply crazy with their sparkling array of elegant wares on display.
Visa requirements for Singapore: For people visiting Singapore on tourism purposes, they will be required to produce certain documents for validation and processing of their visa permits from Singapore High Commission offices in their respective countries. The document requirements may vary based on whether their country features in the Level I or Level II of visa assessment. For Irish and British passport holders opting for a stay of less than a month in the country and with sufficient funds and confirmed return ticket, they do not require any visa for their visit to Singapore.
Related post: 4 Amazing Family attractions in Vietnam
Feature image by jennanuñez
No Comments
- Why the Chinese Eat with Chopsticks? Check it Out | Travel Far a Week - […] Related post: The 10 Best Family Attractions in Singapore […]
- Best Places to Visit in Canada | Travel Far a Week - […] being a small town in Canada, it's one of the greatest tourist destinations; the town draws thousands of people…
- Top 7 Exciting Theme Parks to Visit in Japan | Travel Far a Week - […] can visit Minnie, Mickey, Donald, and Goofy as you experience Disneyland Japan. Both you and your kids will have…