text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 27, 2007
|Filing date
|Mar 24, 2004
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gary A. Sigel, William J. Kauffman, Donald E. Barshinger
|Original Assignee
|Awi Licensing Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (10), Classifications (27), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/777,040 filed Feb. 5, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,625.
The present invention relates generally to the field of surface coverings. More particularly, the present invention relates to surface coverings including a top coat layer with differential gloss in various regions on the top coat layer, as well as methods of making such surface coverings.
Many decorative surface coverings, particularly in the flooring industry, include a topcoat layer with a high or low gloss appearance. For example, a matte or satin finish may be used to provide a more natural appearance for decorative patterns, such as wood, slate, mosaic, brick, and other natural products, which have been printed onto a substrate. Typically, a low gloss or matte coating can enhance the appearance of such a decorative pattern. The appearance can be further enhanced using both matte and glossy areas, which can provide a more realistic visual or natural appearance of a natural product. Ideally, the gloss level of the coating should be tailored for the individual pattern and complement the characteristics of the pattern and any mechanically embossed texture.
Composite flooring products have been produced in which the exposed surface has different gloss effects. Such composite flooring products are typically produced using multiple coat cure stations that include a coater and ultraviolet (UV) medium pressure-mercury vapor lamps. Such processes are inherently difficult to control.
There remains a need for additional methods of making floor coverings with differential gloss effects, and for surface coverings with such differential gloss effects. The present invention provides such methods, and surface coverings prepared according to these methods.
Surface coverings and surface covering components that include a topcoat layer with different gloss levels in various regions on the top coat layer, and methods of manufacturing such surface covering components, are disclosed. The surface coverings and surface covering components include a topcoat coating layer that includes regions that have a relatively higher gloss, and regions with a relatively lower gloss. The differential gloss is provided by coating a substrate with a UV-curable coating composition, subjecting a first region of the surface coating to polymerization under a first set of conditions, and subjecting a second region of the surface coating to polymerization under a second set of conditions. The UV-curable coating compositions include UV-curable components and one or more flatting agents.
In one embodiment, a pattern including a photoinitiator is printed on a substrate to be coated, optionally in register with a decorative pattern. A UV-curable coating composition that does not include a photoinitiator is applied and exposed to UV irradiation. Alternatively, or in addition, a pattern including a photoinitiator can be sprayed onto the substrate or the coating composition. Polymerization occurs substantially over those regions of the pattern including the photoinitiator. The uncured components are subjected to electron beam (EB) irradiation. The regions cured by exposure to UV irradiation have a relatively lower gloss than those regions cured by exposure to EB irradiation. The previously cured components, when contacted with EB irradiation, still maintain the relatively lower gloss. The result is a gloss-in-register with the pattern. The gloss level can also be controlled, for example, by adjusting the type and concentration of the photoinitiator and the UV dosage and intensity.
In another embodiment, differential curing involves printing a pattern including photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents such as promoters or inhibitors in selected regions, and applying a coating composition that includes photoinitiators over the printed pattern. Alternatively, the cure altering agents and/or photoinitiators can be sprayed onto the substrate and/or the coating composition in the form of a pattern, alone or in combination with a printed pattern. The UV cure is promoted or inhibited over those regions of the pattern containing the cure altering agents, or more highly promoted in those regions that include higher concentrations and/or different types of photoinitiators. The differential curing of the first and second regions can be accomplished in one process step, or in multiple process steps. For example, two or more different sets of UV curing conditions or a combination of UV and EB curing can be used to provide a differential gloss in register with the printed pattern.
A number of surface covering substrates and surface coverings can be prepared using the methods described herein. The coverings can include a substrate, for example, a foamable substrate, which may or may not be chemically and/or mechanically embossed. They can include one or more layers of colored particles to provide a suitable design and/or a wear layer, which layers may or may not also be chemically and/or mechanically embossed. The top coat layer can also be mechanically embossed, typically after the top coat layer is cured by the second set of polymerization conditions, i.e., different UV conditions or EB. In one embodiment, a surface covering substrate including the top coat layer is laminated onto a surface to provide a surface covering.
The resulting surface coverings and surface covering substrates have differential gloss in register with a printed and/or sprayed pattern.
Surface covering components and surface coverings including differential gloss-in-register, and methods of making the coverings and/or components are disclosed. In one embodiment, the methods involve applying a pattern to a substrate, wherein the pattern comprises a gloss controlling agent such as a photoinitiator, thermal initiator and/or a cure altering agent. The patterned substrate is then coated with a radiation curable coating composition such as a UV-curable coating composition that includes UV-curable components. The radiation curable composition includes one or more flatting agents. In another embodiment, the gloss controlling agent is applied to the radiation curable coating composition coated substrate. A first region of the coated substrate is exposed to a first set of polymerization conditions and a second region of the coated substrate is exposed to a second set of polymerization conditions. The first region in contact with the pattern containing the gloss controlling agents polymerizes at a different rate than the second region not in contact with the pattern. In another embodiment, a photoinitiator, thermal initiator and/or cure altering agent are sprayed on top of the substrate and/or coating layer, alone or in combination with the printed pattern.
As used herein, "different polymerization conditions" refer to curing different regions of the top coat at different rates and/or using different process steps. In the methods described herein, various regions of the top coat are in contact with a) a patterned substrate containing a photoinitiator, thermal initiator and/or cure altering agent and/or b) a photoinitiator, thermal initiator and/or cure altering agent sprayed in the form of a pattern. Other regions are not in contact with the patterned substrate or sprayed photoinitiator (and/or thermal initiator) and/or cure altering agent. Exposing the top coat layer to various conditions, such as heat and/or UV irradiation, will either cure the UV-curable components in these regions at different rates, or, where a region is not in contact with a suitable photoinitiator or thermal initiator, such components may not be substantially cured. When curing occurs at different rates, the method can be conducted by exposing the top coat to a single set of conditions, i.e., of heat and/or UV irradiation, and still achieve different gloss levels in the different regions. When one or more regions remain essentially uncured following exposure to the first set of conditions, a second set of conditions can be applied (either to the uncured regions or to the entire top coat layer) to cure the essentially uncured regions. In one embodiment, the second set of conditions involves exposure to electron beam irradiation. This embodiment is particularly effective for regions that do not include and are not in contact with a photoinitiator and/or thermal initiator.
While not wishing to be bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the creation of lower gloss UV cured coatings by using flatting agents results from curing/polymerization from the bottom up instead of from the top down. Curing from the bottom up increases the concentration of the flatting agents at the surface, resulting in lower gloss. This movement occurs before the surface is sufficiently cured. If the rate of cure of the surface is faster than the movement/curing rate from the bottom, high gloss coatings are produced. However, this is a complicated process and dependent upon many factors that effect polymerization rate. For example, if the rate of cure from the bottom-up is so fast that it does not allow for movement of flatting agent toward the surface, a coating surface with a higher gloss can result. The polymerization rates and location of cure initiation can be effected by many material and process factors. These factors include initiator concentration/type, light scattering within the coating, UV absorption properties of the coating verses the photoinitiator, presence of inhibitors such as oxygen on the surface, UV wavelength, UV intensity, and others. In some embodiments, compositions without flatting agents can be cured in a differential manner to provide differential gloss.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.
UV-Curable Coating Compositions
The UV-curable coating compositions used herein include one or more UV-curable components, typically a monomer or oligomer including ethylenic unsaturation, and one or more flatting agents. The compositions can also include one or more aqueous and/or organic solvents, reactive diluents, UV photoinitiators, cure altering agents and other optional components. An example of a suitable coating composition is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,719,227, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The composition, when applied and cured as described herein, can provide differential gloss in register with a printed and/or sprayed pattern. Low gloss, in one embodiment, refers to a 60 degree gloss value, as measured by ASTM Standard D523-89, of about 30 units or less. Medium gloss, in one embodiment, refers to a gloss between about 30 and 60 units. High gloss, in one embodiment, refers to a gloss greater than about 60 units. In one embodiment, the difference between lower and higher gloss is at least about 20 gloss units.
The coating compositions, when cured as described herein, advantageously provide the surface coverings to which they are applied with acceptable performance properties for their intended use. For example, when used in floor coverings, such properties include good gloss retention, sufficient toughness to resist gouging from foot traffic, abrasion resistance to everyday wear, and a certain degree of flexibility once cured such that the surface coverings can be wound into a roll with a small diameter core. In one embodiment, the coatings have sufficient strength to withstand embossing of the coated substrate surface without cracking or crazing.
UV Curable Monomers
Any suitable monomer or oligomer that can form a coating layer when applied to a surface and UV-cured can be used. Such monomers and oligomers are well known to those of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the oligomers are liquid at room temperature, highly branched, and have multi(meth)acrylate functionality. As used herein, term "(meth)acrylate" and its variants mean "acrylate, methacrylate and mixtures thereof."
Examples include polyester (meth)acrylates, polyurethane (meth)acrylates, polyester-urethane acrylates, acrylated epoxy, polyepoxides compounds and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the urethane acrylates are derived from aliphatic diisocyanates that give crosslink density and glass transition temperatures in the appropriate range for a floor wear surface. Suitable monomers and/or oligomers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,576 to Rosenberry et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,929, U.S. Pat. No. 4,034,017, U.S. Pat. No. 4,034,017, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,026, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
In one embodiment, the resin structure includes one or more of a diisocyanate and/or isocyanurate structure, a polyester polyol, and a polyester that includes a hydroxy and an acrylyl functionality.
Coating compositions that essentially include only the oligomer can be used, but tend to be viscous and difficult to coat. In one embodiment, the coating compositions include a diluent such as a reactive (meth)acrylate diluent, for example, mono, di and trifunctional acrylates.
Reactive Diluents
Examples of suitable reactive diluents include (meth)acrylic acid, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, N-vinyl formamide, isobomyl (meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylate bisphenol-A di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, glyceryl propoxylated tri(meth)acrylate, tris (2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dimethylol propane tri(meth)acrylate dipentaerythritol monohydroxypenta(meth)acrylate, trimethylol propane and tri(meth)acrylate and ethoxylated and propoxylated analogues thereof.
In one embodiment, the reactive diluents are multifunctional acrylates with number average molecular weights of about 226 to about 2000. Examples include tetraethylene glycol diacrylate with a molecular weight of about 302, ethoxylated bisphenol-A diacrylate with a number average molecular weight of about 776 (SR602 from Sartomer Company), trihydroxyethyl isocyanurate triacrylate with molecular weight of about 423 (SR368 from Sartomer), trimethylol propane triacrylate with a number average molecular weight of about 296 (SR351 from Sartomer), and ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylates with number average molecular weights from about 400 to about 2000 (SR454, SR499, SR502, SR9035, and SR 415 from Sartomer Company and Photomer 4155 and Photomer 4158 from Henkel Corporation).
UV Photoinitiators, Thermal Initiators and Cure Altering Agents ("Gloss Controlling Agents")
In one embodiment, UV photopolymerization is conducted in the presence of one or more photoinitiators, alone or in combination with cure altering agents such as photosensitizers, accelerators, inhibitors and the like. These components can be applied using printing methods well known to those of skill in the art onto a layer adjacent to the coating composition, for example, in the form of an ink extender composition. However, the methods described herein are not limited to how the cure altering agents are applied, as long as the desired effect is achieved. In one embodiment, the photoinitiators or cure altering agents are applied to the tops of a embossed substrate using a differential direct roll ("kiss") coater.
Cure altering agents include agents that promote or inhibit curing. If the agents promote curing, then UV-curable components in regions including these agents will cure at a faster rate when subjected to the first set of polymerization conditions. If the agents inhibit curing, then UV-curable components in regions including these agents will not fully cure or cure at a slower rate when subjected to the first set of polymerization conditions. Curing can be promoted not only with cure altering agents, but also with different concentrations or types of photoinitiators in a given region.
Ink binder/extender compositions are well known to those of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the ink extender composition includes a polvinylacetate/polyvinyl chloride copolymer in a suitable organic solvent such as isopropyl acetate (Penn Color Inc. 13C870). Other hydroxy-modified vinyl chloride/vinylacetate resins such as VAGH resin (Union Carbide) can also be used. The ink binder/extender compositions can include acrylates such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or derivatives thereof, and other varnish systems that include combinations of PMMA and/or derivatives thereof and polyvinylidine chloride and/or polyvinylidine fluoride. Other compositions can be selected depending upon the materials used to make the substrate. Ink binders/extenders are not necessarily required to achieve differential gloss effects according to the methods described herein.
Photoinitiators can include benzophenone-type initiators, phosphine oxides, acetophenone derivatives, and cationic photoinitiators such as triaryl sulfonium salts and aryliodonium salts. In one embodiment, the photoinitiator is water-soluble. Examples include benzophenone; 4-methylbenzophenone; benzyl dimethyl ketal; diethoxy acetophenone; benzoin ethers; thioxanthones; 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184 from Ciba Corp); 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenol-propane-1-one; 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) ketone; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide; bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphine oxide; 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone; 2-benzyl-2-N,N-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-butanone; and 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino propan-1-one. In one embodiment, the photoinitiator is benzophenone, alone or in combination with other photoinitiators, photoactivators and/or photosensitizers. In another embodiment, free radical initiators that generate radicals upon exposure to heat rather than light ("thermal initiators"), for example, various peroxide initiators, can be used, alone or in combination with photoinitiators. Such thermal initiators are well known to those of skill in the art. In this case, heat or a combination of heat and UV irradiation may be employed in the first set of polymerization conditions.
Commercially available photoinitiators that can be used include Darocur 1173 (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-pheny1-propan-1-one), Irgacure 184 (1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), Darocure 4265 (50% 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-one and 50% 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide), Irgacure 907 (2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino propan-1-one), Irgacure 1700 (25% bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,-4-trimethylpentyl phosphine oxide and 75% 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one), benzophenone, Irgacure 819 (BAPO phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide), Lucrin (MAPO diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide), and Irgacure 651 (alpha, alpha-dimethoxy-alpha-phenyl acetophenone), each of which is commercially available from Ciba Geigy.
Photosensitizers and accelerators can include but are not limited to ITX (isopropyl thioxanthone, Aceto), and CTX (chlorothioxanthone), quinones such as camphorquinone, Michler's Ketone (4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, thioxanthone, benzanthrone, triphenyl acetophenone and fluorenone (each of which is available from Aldrich), dimethylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, DMPT (N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine), MHPT (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-N-methyl-para-toluidine), ODAB (octyl-para-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate), and EDAB (ethyl-para-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate), each of which is commercially available from Ciba Geigy.
Free radical inhibitors can include but are not limited to N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine, amnmonium salt, tris[N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine, aluminum salt, p-methoxyphenol MEHQ, hydroquinone and substituted hydroquinones, pyrogallol, phenothiazine, and 4-ethyl catechol. UV absorbers include hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole.
Additional photoinitiators and cure altering agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,130,270, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Flatting Agents
Various flatting agent additives are known for adjusting the gloss level of coatings. Examples of flatting agents include finely divided silica, and finely divided organic particles such as Pergopak M-3. Examples of suitable flatting agents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,943,080, 3,948,839, and 4,263,051, the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference.
Optional Components
The coating compositions can also include flow additives, thermal stabilizers, light stabilizers, dyes, pigments, optical brighteners, surfactants, plasticizers, defoamers, hard particles, metallic particles, and others as would be obvious to one skilled in the art.
Metallic and/or polymeric particles, hard particles and colored particles can also be added. Hard particles include, but are not limited to, aluminum oxide, quartz, carborundum, silica and glass beads. Such wear resistant fillers also provide enhanced scratch resistance to the final cured coating layer after it is cured. In one embodiment, the hard particles are particles with a hardness of 6 or more on the Mohs scale.
Surface Coverings
Virtually any surface covering substrate can be coated with the coating compositions described herein. Examples of surface covering substrates that can be prepared using the compositions and methods described herein include those described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,987, U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,165 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,677, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Examples of surface covering substrates include resilient sheet and tile goods. These can contain crosslinked wear layers, such as those derived from urethanes, (meth)acrylated urethanes, unsaturated polyesters and the like, all of which are well known to those of skill in the art.
Surface coverings that include these substrates and a differential gloss top coat layer formed from the coating compositions can be, for example, floor coverings, wall and ceiling coverings, countertops, laminates, and other surfaces that can be covered with decorative surface coverings. Examples include wallpaper, vinyl floors and the like.
The substrate may include resilient flooring structures. Such substrates are well known in the art, and can include layers such as felt backing materials, encapsulated glass mats, plastisol films, foams, transparent films, hot-melt calendared layers (for example, of a polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin or other thermoplastic polymer), randomly dispersed vinyl particles, stencil disposed vinyl particles, and the like. The selection of these materials is within the skill of an ordinary artisan. The thickness of such substrates is typically, but not necessarily, in the range of about 40 to about 100 mils.
In one embodiment, the surface covering includes a chemically embossed layer, formed before, during or after the coating composition is applied and cured. This type of layer is typically applied as a foamable gel, and the gel can include foaming agents or foaming promoters or inhibitors. The thickness of the gel layer is typically, but not necessarily, in the range of 6 to 20 mils in an un-blown state, and between 12 and 60 mils when blown ("cured"). The foaming agents, promoters or inhibitors can be present in the gel layer and/or present in a printed pattern in an adjacent layer to the gel layer. Printed pattern layers are typically less than one mil in thickness when applied using a rotogravure process, or about one mil or greater when applied using a screen process. Such agents provide chemical embossing in register with the agents, where the foamed portion corresponds to the presence of the foaming agent and/or promoter, and the un-foamed portion corresponds to the absence of the foaming agent and/or the presence of a foaming inhibitor. Typically, the foaming is done by subjecting the foamable layer to elevated temperatures, for example, in the range of 120 to 250� C., in one embodiment, between 180 and 250� C., for between 0.5 and 10 minutes.
A clear wear layer can be but is not necessarily applied over the gel layer, typically but not necessarily with a thickness of between 10 and 20 mils. Such layers are commonly formed of a material that includes a PVC plastisol. A print layer can be printed on top of the wear layer and beneath the top coat layer, where the print layer includes various TV photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents. Alternatively, or in addition, such photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents can be sprayed on top of the wearlayer or coating of the UV-curable compositions in the form of a pattern.
In another embodiment, the substrate is a film that after coating and processing described herein results in film with a topcoat layer with differential gloss. This film can then be laminated or processed with other substrates to produce a surface covering. The film substrate can be transparent and preprinted with a decorative pattern using any printing technique known in the art. Film substrates are typically in the range of 2–10 mils in thickness, but thicknesses outside this range can be employed.
The UV-curable components in the top coat layer are cured by UV irradiation in register with the presence or absence of photoinitiators and cure altering agents. In those regions that UV irradiation does not sufficiently cure the components, additional exposure to UV irradiation and/or electron beam irradiation can be used to further cure the components in such regions, providing relatively higher gloss in such regions. The top coat layer formed using the coating compositions described herein, can be, but is not necessarily in the range of between 0.2 and 5 mils thickness. The resulting top coat layer has differential gloss in register with the printed and/or sprayed pattern, and, in one embodiment, has one or more of the following desired properties—resistance to cleaning agents and household stains, abrasion resistance and heat and light stability.
Methods of Applying the Photoinitiators, Thermal Initiators and/or Cure Altering Agents
The photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents can be applied to the substrate and/or the top of the coating layer using any means well known to those of skill in the art. These include, rotogravure, flexo, screen, and transfer printing techniques, as well as non-contact techniques such as spraying, inkjet, or other digital printing techniques. For example, when applied to the substrate, they can be applied in the form of a printed pattern and/or sprayed on to the substrate. Additionally, they can be sprayed on top of the coated substrate in the form of a pattern. In one embodiment, the substrate is mechanically embossed before it is coated with the coating composition. The photoinitiator and/or cure altering agents can be placed in the embossed regions or, alternatively, placed in the non-embossed regions, to control the gloss level in the embossed and non-embossed regions. This can be particularly effective in surface coverings where a grout line is to be mimicked. For example, tile flooring includes tiles with relatively high gloss relative to the grout. Floor coverings can be prepared in which the regions of the floor covering imitating the tiles have a relatively high gloss, and the regions of the floor covering imitating the grout lines between the tiles have a relatively low gloss.
Methods of Applying the Compositions
The coating compositions can be applied via any conventional method known to those of skill in the art. Examples include brushing, roller, gravure, spin, flow, air knife or curtain coating. Although temperatures outside this range can be used, the coating compositions are typically applied at a temperature between room temperature and about 75� C.
As discussed in more detail below, the coating compositions can be cured with a combination of ultraviolet and electron beam radiation, a plurality of ultraviolet irradiations and/or photoinitiator concentrations at different regions within or in contact with the coating layer. No photoinitiator is required in those regions that are cured by electron beam. It is also possible to use thermal curing agents such as peroxides in this process to create the differential gloss effects. In this case, heat or a combination of heat and UV irradiations may be employed in the polymerization conditions.
Methods of Obtaining Differential Gloss In-Register
The various methods described below for achieving differential gloss in register are different ways of achieving a common goal, that being obtaining a top coat layer with differential gloss in various regions, in register with an applied pattern including photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents. The compositions are applied in such a manner that the UV-curable components in at least one region contain or are in contact with photoinitiators and/or cure altering agents in the pattern. The UV cure is promoted or inhibited in the first region of the pattern containing the cure altering agents, or more highly promoted in the first region that include higher concentrations and/or different types of photoinitiators. The differential curing of the first and second regions can be accomplished in one process step, or in multiple process steps, for example, using two or more sets of UV curing conditions or a combination of UV and EB curing conditions. In one embodiment, the first region is polymerized by heat, alone or in combination with UV irradiation.
In one embodiment, a pattern including a photoinitiator is printed on a surface to be coated. A coating composition without photoinitiator is applied, and exposed to UV. Photopolymerization occurs substantially over those regions of the pattern including the photoinitiator. The cured regions have a relatively lower gloss. The uncured components are subjected to electron beam (EB) irradiation, resulting in a higher gloss in those regions. The previously cured components, when contacted with EB irradiation, still maintain the relatively lower gloss. The result is a gloss-in-register with the pattern. The gloss level can also be controlled by adjusting the type and concentration of the photoinitiator and the UV dosage and intensity. The photoinitiator can alternatively or additionally be sprayed on top of selected regions of the top coat layer.
In another embodiment, differential curing involves printing a pattern including cure altering agents (i.e., accelerators or inhibitors) and/or photoinitiator in selected regions. In this embodiment, the coating composition includes photoinitiators, and photopolymerization is accelerated or inhibited over those regions containing the cure altering agents, and/or promoted in those regions including additional photoinitiator. Different sets of UV curing conditions or a combination of UV and EB curing can be used to provide a differential gloss in register with the pattern of cure altering agents and/or additional photoinitiator.
A number of surface coverings can be prepared using the methods described herein. The coverings can include a substrate, for example, a foamable substrate with a wear layer, which may or may not be chemically and/or mechanically embossed. The coating layer can also be subjected to mechanical embossing, in one embodiment, after the second region is cured.
Ultraviolet Irradiation
UV irradiation polymerizes the ethylenically unsaturated groups in the UV-curable components of the coating composition, turning the liquid as applied to a gel or solid layer. The first set of polymerization conditions from TV exposure may or may not fully cure the first region of the topcoat. The first set of polymerizing conditions is typically done in the presence of oxygen, but in some cases it can be done in an inert atmosphere. To function as an acceptable product, both first and second regions of the topcoat need to be sufficiently cured to attain the desired surface properties.
Low gloss is apparent to the naked eye when light is reflected from a micro-roughened surface in a diffuse manner. The micro-roughened surface can be achieved by using a flatting agent such as silica. The differential gloss level of the different regions of the wear layer on the finished product can be effected by a number of factors, including temperature, UV peak intensity, and irradiation dosage. UV irradiation typically occurs between 200 and 400 nm. Photoinitiators can be matched to particular UV wavelengths. UV irradiation can be provided using any conventional UV source, examples of which include UV lamps such as microwave UV source lamps and standard medium pressure mercury vapor lamps. The irradiation can be conducted under an inert atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere. In one embodiment, the first set of polymerization conditions involves UV curing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and the second set of polymerization conditions involves UV curing in an inert or nitrogen-rich atmosphere.
In some embodiments, commercially available UV lamps may cause excessive heating of the coatings and substrates. Film distortion may result from this excessive heating. Film distortion can be minimized by using a drum as a heat sink for the UV lamps and maintaining the film temperature. The drum can be heated slightly to lower the viscosity of the coating sufficiently before cure to assist in the formation of the desired gloss.
Electron Beam Irradiation
The uncured regions can be cured by exposure to EB irradiation, advantageously in the form of low voltage electrons. If the regions cured by UV were only partially cured, rather than totally cured, exposure to the electron beam will complete the cure in these areas.
Electron beam curing is well known in the art, and is advantageously conducted in a nitrogen-rich or inert atmosphere. The heat is essentially eliminated using accelerated electrons, which permits the cured layer to be kept below its glass transition temperature and remain free of distortion. In one embodiment, the electron accelerating energy is between 150,000 and 300,000 electron volts. In another embodiment, the energy is less than about 130,000 electron volts. Use of energy less than about 130,000 electron volts can minimize discoloring, such as yellowing, that is relatively important for white decorative rigid film coatings.
Representative EB conditions are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,315, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment, the EB conditions involve low accelerating energy.
Mechanical Embossing
In some embodiments, one or more layers can be mechanically embossed. In those embodiments where the cured top coat layer is mechanically embossed, the embossing may take place after the top coat layer is cured and then heated to soften the layer. Mechanical embossing is typically conducted by heating a layer to be embossed to soften the layer and applying an embossing roll to the softened layer under pressure. If desired, the embossed layer can be annealed at a temperature at which the layer is not liquid.
In one embodiment, an embossed roll is used to mechanically emboss a substrate to be coated, and the embossed roll applies a photoinitiator and/or cure altering agent to the embossed regions or the non-embossed regions. This can be used to provide relatively low gloss in the embossed or non-embossed regions. This embodiment is particularly useful in forming surface coverings that mimic grout lines and the like.
An example of the methods described herein is shown in Scheme I,
The present invention will be better understood with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
A hydroxy terminated polyester (Polyester 1) was prepared as described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,003 with the following charge weights:
1,6 Hexanediol
992.7 g
133.5 g
Phthalic Anhydride
1071 g
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
0.5 g
The reaction mixture was cooled and total amount of water collected was 135 grams. The final product gave an acid number of 2.4 and a hydroxyl number of 179, providing a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 316.
A coating composition including Polyester 1 was prepared by mixing the following charge in a flask equipped with heating mantel, stirrer, and dry air purge at 0.3 SCFH.
Tone M-100, Hydroxyacrylate from Union carbide
697.2 g
Sartomer SR395 (Isodecyl acrylate)
596.1 g
Sartomer SR238(1,6 hexanediol diacrylate)
127.8 g
Polyester 1
406.8 g
This mixture was stirred briefly at 26� C. To the mixture was added:
Desmodur W Bayer's isocyanurate dimer
441.6 g
T12 catalyst (Dibutyl tin dilaurate)
4.62 g
This mixture was heated to 185� F. (85� C.) and maintained at this temperature for 8 hours. An infrared spectrum confirmed that all of the NCO groups had reacted. The mixture was cooled and to the flask was added:
Acrylic Acid
58.5 g
Degussa Flatting agent OK412
170 g
A second coating composition was prepared as described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,003. The composition was prepared from the following charge in a 2 Liter flask equipped with heating mantel, stirrer, and dry air purge at 0.25 SCFH:
Tone M-100, Hydroxyacrylate from Union carbide 126 g Monomer mixture (27.5% by wt Sartomer SR499, 125 g 27.5% by wt Sartomer SR502, 45% by wt. Sartomer SR351) Polyester 1 35 g
This mixture was heated to 100� F. The following was added:
Desmodur N-3300, Bayer's isocyanurate trimer 87 g
This mixture was heated to 185� F. (85� C.) and maintained at this temperature for five hours. The mixture was cooled and to the flasks was added:
Monomer mixture (27.5% by wt Sartomer SR499,
15 g
27.5% by wt Sartomer SR502, 45% by wt.
Sartomer SR351)
Surfactant Dow Corning 193
1 g
An infrared spectrum confirmed that all of the NCO groups had reacted
Acrylated Polyester 2:
A hydroxy terminated polyester (polyester polyol) as described in Example 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,003 was prepared. The final product gave an acid number of 2.5 and a hydroxyl number of 207, providing a hydroxy equivalent weight of 274 and an estimated number average molecular weight of 880.
The polyester was acrylated as described in Example 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,003. The acid number of the product was 34. A coating composition including Polyester 2 was prepared from the following charge in a 12 liter flask:
Trimellitic anhydride
2259 g
5291 g
Phthalic Anhydride
1406 g
p-Toluenesulfonic acid
1.8 g
The flask was equipped with a mantle, stirrer, thermometer, temperature controller, gas inlet tube, and an upright condenser. The condenser was steam heated and packed with glass helices and had a thermometer on top. The still led to a water-cooled condenser that drained into a graduated cylinder. Water collected during the reaction was collected and measured. The batch was heated to 220� C. under a trickle of nitrogen (0.5 SCFH) gas during which time water of esterification was collected. The reaction mixture was further heated for 5 hr. during which time the vapors in column head had fallen from 98� C. to 65� C. at a nitrogen flow of 1.0 SCFH. The reaction mixture was cooled and the total amount of water collected was 643 grams. The final product gave an acid number of 2.5 and a hydroxyl number of 207. It therefore had a hydroxy equivalent weight of 274 and an estimated number average molecular weight of 880.
The polyester was acrylated as follows. The materials below were introduced into a 2000 ml flask equipped with a mantle, stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel, and Barrett Trap with a water cooled condenser on top.
Acrylic Acid
Monomethyl ether of hydroquinone
P-Toluenesulfonic acid
Phosphorus Acid
2,6, Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
The trap was filled to overflow with heptane. With dry air flow of 0.2 SCFH, the ingredients were heated to reflux at 98� C. to 105� C. while stirring vigorously and collecting water and displacing heptane in the trap. Heptane was added through the dropping funnel as required to maintain reflux at about 104� C. After 4 hours of reflux, approximately 65 ml of aqueous distillate had collected. All "water" and heptane were withdrawn from the trap and the dry air flow was increased to 2 SCFH. When distillation stopped, additional "heptane" had collected in the trap. The batch was cooled to 50� C. with a trickle of dry air. The acid number of the acrylated Polyester 2 was 34.
The coating composition was prepared from:
Acrylated Polyester 2
750 g
Highly ethoxylated triacrylate SR9035
250 g
Surfactant Dow Corning 193
2.5 g
To this composition was added 4% by wt of surface treated silica from Degussa as OK412. The mixture was blended using a Cowles type blade.
This Example demonstrates that several types of photoinitiators and levels can be printed onto the opposite side of the decorative layer to afford surface wear layers with regions of high gloss and low gloss from the same coating after exposure to UV followed by electron beam. The 60 degree gloss measurements for the low gloss areas were found to be below 20.
Ink extender formulations 1 a to 1 g, each containing photoinitiators, were printed onto the surface of rigid vinyl film using a 120 line pattern of roughly half inch squares using a flat bed ink press (Table 1). The most effective photoinitiator was found to be Irgacure 184.
The coating composition in Example 1 containing 7% wt Degussa OK412 and no photoinitiator was preheated to 130� F. to reduce the viscosity. A rigid film having a decorative layer on one side and a photoinitiator applied on the other side was fed into a coater such that the photoinitiator-containing side was coated. The coating composition was applied using a dead roll coater with two non-moving heated rolls. The gap between the two heated rolls was kept at a distance that is the sum of rigid film thickness plus desired coating thickness. The film was routed through the space between the two rolls (nip) in a manner that allowed the non-printed side of the rigid film to be coated (film side up). A reservoir was used to retain the coating in the nip. The temperature of the rolls is kept well below the glass transition temperature of rigid vinyl film (76� C.) but warm enough to maintain the resin viscosity to allow for improved flow characteristics to eliminate coating defects commonly observed for high viscosity coatings. The coating material was preheated in the reservoir. The coated film was routed over a 12.75 inch diameter heated drum 5 maintained at about 150� F. to maintain the desired coating viscosity and flow characteristics desired for the final coated film. The wrap of the film was about 180 degrees. At 90 degree wrap the film was exposed to UV irradiation 6 from a UV lamp source where energetic photons initiate radical polymerization of the ethylenic groups only in areas where the coating is over the selected printed photoinitiator on the non-decorative side of the rigid vinyl film. The coating was exposed in air to a dosage of radiation from a conventional medium pressure mercury vapor lamp having a spectral output over the entire UV range 200–400 nm. The distance of the bulb to the roll was about 5.5 inches. The coated printed film was processed at 4 ft/min with the line setup described herein over a heated drum. The coated printed film was exposed to a UV dosage of about 2.6 J/cm2 to afford cured low gloss squares (about 8–18 gloss level at 60 deg.) and uncured high gloss coating in the non printed areas. The uncured wet coating on the film was subsequently processed through a low accelerating energy electron beam to form a high gloss abrasion resistant coating in the selected areas that did not include a photoinitiator printed onto the rigid vinyl film. The final coated film now displayed low gloss squares and high gloss between the squares (as shown in Scheme I,
Ink Extender Formulations and Gloss Levels
Ink Extender
wt %
wt %
Irgacure 184
wt %(Ciba
Irgacure 500
wt %(Ciba
Wt % Percent
Gloss Level in
PI-printed areas
Gloss level in
non-printed PI
The process parameters were as follows:—Coater —130� F., coating—130� F., drum temperature—150� F., line speed—4 fpm, lamp distance—5.5. inches, electron beam—135 KeV, electron beam dosage—10 Mrads.
In a near identical fashion to that described for Example 4, the urethane-acrylate based coating composition in Example 2 containing 7% wt flatting agent (OK412) was processed to afford medium gloss in the printed areas and high gloss in the non printed vinyl areas. The coated films were exposed to about an intensity of about 143 mW/cm2 0.7J/cm2 of UV energy followed by electron beam cure. The same ink extender formulations were printed onto the opposite side of the printed decorative layer on the RVF. These are identified as formulations 2a to 2g.
Ink Extender Formulations and Gloss Levels
Ink Extender
Irgacure 184
Irgacure 500
Gloss Level in
PI-printed areas
Gloss level in
non-printed PI
The process parameters were as follows:—Coater—140� F., coating—165� F., drum temperature—155� F., line speed—3 fpm, lamp distance—10 inches, electron beam—120 KeV, electron beam dosage—5 Mrads. The gloss levels were after gloss-in-register processing of composition 2 containing 7% OK412.
In a similar fashion to that described for Example 4, a polyester acrylate-based coating containing 4% by weight flatting agent was processed to afford low gloss in the printed areas and medium gloss in the non-printed areas of the rigid vinyl film.
The printed ink formulation included 85% by weight ink extender and 15% by weight Irgacure. The process parameters were as follows:—Coater—140� F., coating—140� F., drum temperature—150� F., line speed—4 fpm, lamp distance—5.5 inches, electron beam—120 KeV, electron beam dosage—5 Mrads. The gloss levels were after gloss-in-register processing of composition 3. The coated film was cured at an intensity of 61 6 mW/cm2 and dosage of 2.3 J/cm2 followed by electron beam cure. The gloss level in the photoinitiator printed square areas was 14.8, and the gloss level in non-printed photoinitiator areas was 53.
As described in Example 4, a photoinitiator ink extender was printed onto the opposite side of a decorative layer. The coating composition in Example 1 containing 7% by weight flatting agent and three different levels of photoinitiator were coated and cured in a similar fashion to that described in Example 4. The UV exposure was about 1 j/cm2 followed by electron beam cure.
In this Example, a photoinitiator was printed in various regions and was also present in the coating compositions. The concentration of photoinitiator was higher in the printed regions, but present in the non-printed regions as well.
When the coating composition included 0.25% by weight Irgacure-184, the gloss level in the printed areas was 15.6 and in the non-printed areas was 77.7. When the coating composition included 0.75% by weight Irgacure-184, the gloss level in the printed areas was 13.3 and in the non-printed areas was 55.9. When the coating composition included 1.0% by weight Irgacure-184, the gloss level in the printed areas was 12.1 and in the non-printed areas was 38.5.
Examples 8–12 demonstrate that one can print accelerators or deactivators on the rigid vinyl film to increase the gloss level in the printed areas relative to the non-printed areas of the rigid vinyl film. The coating composition in Example 1 was formulated to contain 1.7% benzophenone, 0.9% wt Irgacure-184, and 7% OK412 silica. To this composition was added various accelerators to show the effect on gloss level of the final cured coating. The formulations and gloss levels are summarized in Table 3.
The process parameters were as follows: Coater—140� F., coating—138� F. in Example 8, 140� F. in Example 9, 138� F. in Example 10, 136� F. in Example 11, and 144� F. in Example le 12, drum temperature—153� F., line speed—20 fpm in Example 8–12, lamp distance—5.5 inches, intensity—811 mW/cm2, dosage—250 mJ/cm2, electron beam—120 KeV, electron beam dosage—5 Mrads.
Formulations and Gloss Levels
Weight of
Daracure 1173
Irgacure 907
Gloss Level in
PI-printed areas
Example 8 was used as a control, to determine the gloss level of the base composition with 1.7% benzophenone and 0.9% wt Irgacure-184. The gloss level was found to be about 15 (60 degree level) after UV processing. In Example 9, addition of the amine activator methyldiethanolamine to the composition in Example resulted in a gloss level of 72. Examples 10–12 show that other types of materials such as photosensitizers (in this case, ITX) or alternative initiators used to cure pigmented coatings can accelerate the cure and result in a higher gloss level than the control Example 8. From these results, it is obvious that printing such activators, photosensitizers, or alternative photoinitiators on the RVF can result in higher gloss levels in the printed areas than in the non-printed areas of the rigid vinyl film.
The optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly, and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art. All equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawing and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. Further, the various components of the embodiments of the invention may be interchanged to produce further embodiments and these flirther embodiments are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 1, 1973
|Feb 11, 1975
|Unifilm Corp
|Flatting compositions
|Jul 10, 1980
|Jun 16, 1981
|Congoleum Corporation
|Differential gloss products and methods of making the same
|Jul 29, 1982
|Jun 26, 1984
|Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
|Decorative laminate
|Aug 23, 1984
|Aug 25, 1987
|Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
|Floor tile product and process
|Nov 6, 1995
|Jan 27, 1998
|Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
|Thermal transfer image-receiving sheet
|Mar 5, 1999
|Oct 6, 1999
|Morton International, Inc.
|Method for producing low gloss appearance with UV curable powder coatings
|Jul 12, 2000
|Jan 31, 2001
|Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
|Composition and process for providing a gloss controlled, abrasion resistant coating on surface covering products
|Eurpean Search Report Communications -Application No. EP 02 00 2356 dated Feb. 27, 2004.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 8, 2002
|Oct 2, 2007
|Awi Licensing Company
|Method of making a surface covering having gloss-in-register
|Nov 29, 2006
|May 5, 2009
|Awi Licensing Company
|Surface covering having gloss-in-register
|Jul 28, 2009
|Aug 19, 2014
|Photokinetic Coatings & Adhesives, Llc
|UV-curable floor sealants
|May 8, 2002
|Apr 3, 2003
|Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
|Surface covering having gloss in-register and method of making
|Jan 23, 2006
|Sep 14, 2006
|Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
|Decorating material
|Nov 29, 2006
|Apr 5, 2007
|Awi Licensing Company
|Surface covering having gloss-in-register
|Nov 16, 2009
|Mar 11, 2010
|Tarkett Sas
|Decoration Element
|Apr 9, 2008
|Sep 9, 2010
|Chris Coretsopoulos
|Methods for controlling gloss in photopolymerized coatings, films and surfaces
|Sep 24, 2009
|Mar 24, 2011
|Lausch Robert C
|Surface Covering With Wear Layer Having Dispersed Wear Resistant Particles and Method of Making the Same
|Apr 9, 2008
|Oct 16, 2008
|University Of Iowa Research Foundation
|Methods for controlling gloss in photopolymerized coatings, films and surfaces
|U.S. Classification
|428/212, 428/206, 428/76, 428/207, 428/195.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 7, 2007
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text:
Dear Friends,
It's a new year and a great time to recommit to personal goals (not resolutions) and truly live life fully – in the outdoors. At Return On Adventure we have lots of "New" in the new year and we want to share our good news!
First: We've spent the last few months rethinking, revamping, and improving our website. It includes a new tour calendar, introduction video, blog site, more active hiking tours and more unique epic multisports than last year. Our goal is to make the site as friendly as possible and provide clear, concise information about our company. Please let us know how you like the changes and how we can continue to improve!
Second: Travel with me in 2012! I will be personally hosting and guiding the following trips in 2012 and would love to have you join me in the fun!
Peru Ultimate Multisport (May 12-21): I like it when I share a draft itinerary with my friends and they get excited about a trip – you just know it going to be great! When we combined the best three days of whitewater rafting with the best single day mountain bike ride and the best four days of hiking on the Inca Trail, we knew we had the ultimate Peru multisport! Since spaces on the Inca Trail are on a quota system and get booked 90-120 days before the tour, it's important to book this before February 1.
Glacier Waterton Hiking (August 18-25): Glacier is one of my favorite places in North America. There is good reason why Glacier is called the "Crown Jewel of the Continental Divide". Come hike some of my favorite trails in the Glacier and Waterton National Parks and enjoy staying in some of the most classic national park lodge anywhere in the United States. This tour is confirmed – only seven spots remain!
Australia Multisport – Solar Eclipse (November 10-18): The last time I experienced a total solar eclipse was in rural Montana in 1979 and it was a memorable experience. By adding the lure of Australia and viewing the eclipse on the top of Walsh's Pyramid near Cairns, we'll have a massively memorable adventure! Due to the popularity of solar eclipses, Sydney to Cairns flight availability is limited, so please book early.
Additional Rewards: I am offering a 10% discount on the above tours in Peru, Glacier, and Australia tours when you put 50% down. Need a minimum of four people to confirm Australia and Peru. Offer is good until Wednesday, February 1, so call me if you have questions and join in on the fun!
Finally: Starting the first Tuesday of February, we will be introducing a weekly email newsletter/blog posting called Trip of the Week. Each week, we will inform and educate you about the various places we like to travel. It's a great way to learn more about a location, ask us questions and plan your next trip.
Finally, thank you for all of the love and support you've given me in the last year.
Let's fill our lives with many adventures in 2012!
In Adventurous Spirit,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I must thank Jeff Moag, Editor Extraordinaire, and rest of the good folks over at Canoe & Kayak Magazine for giving me the honors of my first assignment with their world class publication. I've always wanted to shoot for C&K, as they are tops in their field. They dug the shots (flying commercial with your kayak), and thankfully dropped another shoot in my lap: a portrait of a long-time paddler and holder of some local first descents, including Tallulah Gorge)... those pics are coming soon... just waiting on the June issue)
I snagged a friend (fellow photographer and soon to be fellow paddler) Paul Mehaffey, and we raided the Greenville, SC airport one sunday afternoon. We went gorilla, no permits or permission, and stayed as low-key as we could. After half an hour or so I had to pay a quick visit to the Airport Chief of Police, but he was kind enough to let us continue. I used no strobes, just available light and a tripod. The Greenville-Spartanburg Airport is anything but bustling, so I took multiple exposures of blurry people and layered them up in photoshop... an old-school technique.


text:
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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Klancey Early Origins
Leitrim. The more important of the two MacClancy septs were a branch of the MacNamaras and were from the north of County Clare, where they gave their name to Cathermacclancy. They traced their lineage from the Heber kings, and provided hereditary brehons (judges) to the O'Briens. They were most numerous in County Clare and the neighboring counties of Galway and Tipperary. The other sept of MacClancys were indigenous to Leitrim, and were Chiefs of Darty or Rosclogher. [1]CITATION[CLOSE]
MacLysaght, Edward, Irish Families Their Names, Arms and Origins 4th Edition. Dublin: Irish Academic, 1982. Print. (ISBN 0-7165-2364-7)
Klancey Spelling Variations
Klancey Spelling Variations
The archives that survive today demonstrate the difficulty experienced by the scribes of the Middle Ages in their attempt to record these names in writing. Spelling variations of the name Klancey dating from that time include Clancy, Clancey, Clanchey, Clanchy, Clansey and many more.
Klancey Early History
Klancey Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Klancey research. Another 169 words (12 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Klancey History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Klancey Early Notables (pre 1700)
Klancey Early Notables (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Klancey Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
A massive wave of Irish immigrants hit North America during the 19th century. Although many early Irish immigrants made a carefully planned decision to leave left Ireland for the promise of free land, by the 1840s immigrants were fleeing a famine stricken land in desperation. The condition of Ireland during the Great Potato Famine of the late 1840s can be attributed to a rapidly expanding population and English imperial policies. Those Irish families that arrived in North America were essential to its rapid social, industrial, and economic development. Passenger and immigration lists have revealed a number of early Irish immigrants bearing the name Klancey: Cornelius Clancey who settled in Barbados in 1680 with his wife and servants; Richard Clanchy settled in New York with his wife and eight children in 1820.
Klancey Family Crest Products
Klancey Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Klancey Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Klancey Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 4 July 2013 at 15:33.
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text:
|Reviews for Their World
| Inkweaver22 chapter 1 . 7/6/2013
These are great! Official new head-canon! Oh! Even though she technically faded from existence, it would be interesting to have a conversation between Ghirahim and Fi!
| Aeona Liz chapter 1 . 5/30/2013
nooo i want more sob these are so cute and also ugh just ughhhhhhhh why is darky so adorbs and and linky is a qt toooooo
| Impassive Moon chapter 1 . 6/7/2012
You should give Gira(can't spell his name) actual dialogue. I think it could be cool. My friend enjoys jumping me from behind like hes always doing to poor Link and saying Hello all creepy like.
| Himinee chapter 1 . 5/12/2012
That's awesome, i really don't care where you take it but seeing dark mess with people, doing temples with link or causing mischief and then blaming it on link would be hilarious.
| arrowriver chapter 1 . 4/28/2012
Well, I dont know what direction you should take this story. But I do want it to continue. Simply to see how demented Dark can be
| anon chapter 1 . 4/28/2012
It would be cool to see them go through the remaining temples. And side can be amusing. _-
| IceDragon1095 chapter 1 . 4/18/2012
It would be HILARIOUS if we could see more of Dark messing with people! Heh, I'm laughing right now, just thinking of all the mischief he could get into... _
| hlf1495 chapter 1 . 4/17/2012
Mess with Ruto next!
| silverheartlugia2000 chapter 1 . 4/16/2012
XD loved darks letter! haha the fight with mido was awsome!


text:
OverviewThis is a variation to the West Face route.
Getting ThereThe beginning of this route is the West Face route.
Route DescriptionIf you get tired of ascending the seemingly neverending scree slope, and are looking for some (relatively Elk Range rock) solid Class 3 fun, reach for the cliff bands on the north side of the scree slope.
Although this ridge ascent may free you from the scree hell that the route has been until now, you are trading one difficulty for another. The climbing/scrambling on the ridge would normally be easy, but the rotten Elk Range rock makes it challenging.
This variation also avoids negotiating the ridge atop the scree slope to Castleabra's summit.


text:
Linda V and 19 others answered ·
Italy: Honeymoon Itinerary -- To stay in Siena or Cinque Terre? (20 Answers)
Are you traveling by car or train? This is important to be able to answer your questions. However, to answer without that information - I would consider 3 days in Rome rather than four. I would also consider skipping Venice unless you are really set ... See More
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Italy: Italy Trip Advice? (19 Answers)
I spent 5 weeks last year traveling through Italy-France-England-Ireland, all by train. Great way to travel. You've already gotten some great tips (although honestly I never had a bad meal in Italy, including the great little walk-in places.) Here ar... See More
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Edward Summanen and 14 others answered ·
Europe: Ideas for a European weekend getaway in November? (15 Answers)
...Hello Jacqui! I went to Hamburg a couple of years ago with two friends of mine and can really recommend it. Lots of thing to see and do! This is the second biggest city in Germany but not at all touristy... See More
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Julie H and 14 others answered ·
Italy: If you had 3 extra days in Italy what would YOU do?? (15 Answers)
...Hey JR, I would recommend heading to Tuscany. There's a lot to see - beach, beautiful vineyards/countryside, city and its quite close to Umbria . You could fly into either Pisa or Florence , although flights into Pisa are generally... See More
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Crystal Leturno and 13 others answered ·
Italy: Italy in a week, is it possible?! (14 Answers)
Hello Caitlin,Trying to figure out the best way to spend your week in Italy is probably very challenging! With so many great cities, cultural sites, beaches, mountains, and of course wine and food, I can see where you are getting overwhelmed!The firs... See More
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Scott Milsom and 13 others answered ·
Frankfurt: Given time constraint, what ONE (or two) places is a MUST visit in Europe? (14 Answers)
I didn't see Barcelona or Rome on your list but these are "must see" European cities in my opinion. Also, I think that Paris can be easily done on 3 nights, instead of 5. In October, at least in London it could start to get chilly (at least at night)... See More
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Emily Barros and 13 others answered ·
Europe: Train or Plane during Europe trip? (14 Answers)
Hello Harpeet,I have done both & I would recommend the train for most inter-European travel. Pros of train travel:For the same, or sometimes less money you can travel in first class comfortable seatingThere is no need to arrive two hours ahead of tim... See More
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Alessandro Begarani and 12 others answered ·
Venice: Suggestions for Traveling between Venice, Florence and Rome? (13 Answers)
Hi Suzette, there are so many places and things to see in those cities so, since you are travelling with your daughters, I could simply suggest you to concentrate all your energies on discovering what they can offer. But since you asked for a daily e... See More
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Marco Piccolino Boniforti and 11 others answered ·
Italy: Which coastal area should we visit in Italy during October? (12 Answers)
A very special place is the very eastern coast of Liguria. In particular, Cinque Terre and Porto Venere are just plainly amazing. There have been massive landslides a few years ago because of the heavy rains, but friends who went there recently told ... See More
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Scott Beckett and 11 others answered ·
Italy: Family of 5 in Italy - ideas or tips? (12 Answers)
Fly into Paris and ask for a 24 hour layover and then proceed to Rome , Florence and Venice . Then go to Portofino and drive down the Mediterranean coast and visit Porto Ercole on your way back to Rome. Paris 1 day, Rome 3, Florence 2, Ve... See More
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I may not be the best brother in certain aspects, but one thing I do well is give some great gifts. I'm talking about the metallic cock I gave him for Christmas (a kitchen chicken decoration, you sick fucks), the peeing boy who pulled his pants down and shot water (like the kind you see at hibachi tables for show), or some of my Madonna LPs for his record collection. This year, however, I went a little deeper.
It turns out that my brother is into Tibetan art, and actually visited my favorite Tibetan store in Harvard Square a few months ago. At that time, he was taught about the Tibetan prayer bowl – a hand-made copper bowl, heavy and designed to produce a tone perfect for meditation. The last time I was in Boston, I made up my mind to find one for his birthday present.
These prayer bowls are not inexpensive, but their hand-made and unique nature makes them worthy of such a price, so I went to the Tibetan store on the Boston side of the Charles River and found this one. I'd been there a number of times – it's toward the end of Charles Street, and down a few steps, hidden away as if saving itself for those who are really looking.
Near the back of the store were a few shelves that held the Tibetan prayer bowls. I tried a few before settling on this one, which called to me with its simple, clear tone, and smaller shape. The kind woman at the store moved its wooden stick around the rim, and it sang the sweetest, calmest song. She struck its side, and the sound of peace overrode whatever else was happening in my head and outside on the street.
She smiled and said it had a nice sound, then asked me what color tissue paper I would like to include with it, as I'd indicated it was a gift. I chose blue and a coppery red, and then found a few Tibetan prayer flags to include with it, and a hanging tapestry, all of which would fit into the attic at my parents' house that he had re-decorated.
It seems my brother and I have more in common than we sometimes realize. I was about to explain how the lady at the store managed to elicit those dulcet sounds, but he said that he already had a lesson by the man in the Cambridge store (the same one who once taught me how to tie a scarf for maximum warmth), and this man had spoken about meditation, made him close his eyes, and even placed a cape on his back. If you know my brother, you know how strange that sounds – and even if you don't, it sounds a little odd, but in the best possible way. Perhaps he should be instructing me.Back to Blog


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Something the Oklahoma City Thunder has not had since Russell Westbrook went down is balance. Kevin Durant has carried the load, until tonight in their 119-96 thrashing of the Boston Celtics. Durant was effective with 21 points, and he only took 13 shots — making six. Five Thunder players scored in double-figures and a few more added six points or more. This is what Thunder fans were used to seeing prior to Westbrook's third surgery. When the team is working together, they are at their best.
OCK has struggled on both ends of the floor in their last few games. That was not the case tonight. They played excellent basketball on both the offensive end the defensive side. Something I have noticed lately is that Kendrick Perkins has been a lot more active. I think he may have realized early on that his job was in jeopardy. Steven Adams was making a strong case to become the starting center, and I think that was exactly what Perkins needed. The controversy sparked a fire under him, and it trickled down to the entire roster. When you see Perkins out there hustling, it just makes those guys want to work harder. I could not be happier for Perk at this point. He put up a season-high 12 points and grabbed six rebounds tonight.
For the first time in a long time, the player of the game for OKC was not named Durant or Westbrook. Reggie Jackson dazzled, scoring a career-high 27 points. You got the feeling that he would eventually get it going, after a few subpar performances. His role is essential in the Thunder's blueprint — with or without Westbrook on the court. When Jackson plays at a high level, this team just launches itself into a new dimension. His playmaking ability is incredible at such an early stage of his career.
Jeremy Lamb also provided a spark off the bench, finishing the game with 13 points and six assists. The Thunder is going to rely on him more and more if he continues to shine now that his role has become heavier. Early on in the year, he would settle for jumpers, even though he maintained nice shooting percentages. Now, he's looking to drive to the basket more, putting more pressure on teams to account for him; even when Durant and Jackson are rolling.
Serge Ibaka came through as well. He had 17 points, 11 rebounds and two blocked shots. I cannot stress enough the importance of him playing well if the Thunder is going to maintain a respectable record while Westbrook recovers. One game, he's outstanding as a third scorer and the next he's seeing limited minutes due to minimal production. I expect him to be more consistent as games become more precious.
The Thunder is on the road for their next two games. They will see the Utah Jazz before their game on TNT this Thursday against the Denver Nuggets. Now that they have restored some confidence within themselves, they should slowly begin to improve from here on out. Still, they will hit some bumps in the road, because you can't ask everyone to do too much. You expect to slip a little when you lose a player of Westbrook's caliber. Slowly improving just consists of finding ways to be play together through the bad times. Their biggest fault right now is team chemistry. It will take a little time to work in their togetherness, but I love what I saw from this team tonight. It says a lot about their will to win and their growth as a unit.
Brian Anderson is an NBA writer for RantSports.com. Follow him on Twitter @MrAnderson035 "Like" him on Facebook or add him to your network on Google.
Oklahoma City Thunder: Kevin Durant Can't Do It All Without Russell Westbrook


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the Accommodation
Rooms, services The guests of Appartementhaus PERKTOLD Nesselwängle may stay in two nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Nesselwängle. In case you'd bring your laptop along, you may go online via wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Appartementhaus PERKTOLD Nesselwängle (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The personnel can speak English and German languages.
Appartementhaus PERKTOLD Nesselwängle rooms Rooms
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Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
- Steam room
- Finnish sauna
Pet friendly, Garden
Hairdryer, Fridge, Microwave oven, Tea/coffee-maker


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
65 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the Accommodation
Rooms, services Rieckmanns Heidehotel Bispingen is offering 19 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Bispingen. If you feel like having a meal not included in your chosen type of catering, you can always taste local dishes in the restaurant of the hotel. If necessary, parking is available nearby. Nearby table tennis, bike rental, bowling, minigolf and ballontrip opportunities may provide an excellent option for those who love to spend their leisure time actively. Should you want to do sports while you are on travel, you may also take the services offered by the gym. Your valuables can be the safely secured in the safe. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Rieckmanns Heidehotel Bispingen (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment In order to finalize the reservation you may be required to provide credit card guarantee or advance payment by credit card, depending on the chosen room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 14:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 10:00. The personnel can communicate with you in the following languages: English and German.
Rieckmanns Heidehotel Bispingen rooms Rooms
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Accommodation services
Parking (8 €/night)
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Fitness, Table-tennis, Minigolf, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Hot air balloon nearby
Garden, Safe deposit box, Room service
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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Fri.-Sat. May 24-25 -- Azar Lawrence keeps blowing his gale-force Trane whistle on weekends with his time-tested crew -- Alphonse Mouzon on drums, Henry Franklin on bass, Theo Saunders on piano and, for a special Saturday-only treat, summery trombonist Phil Ranelin, who celebrates his birthday that night. At the RG Club, 2536 Lincoln Blvd., Venice 90291; 9 & 11pm; $15; (310) 822-1715; rgclubvenice.com.
Fri.-Sat. May 24 -- The ever-changing face of Swedish prog-metal, Opeth, continues to switch masks in a quieter and more melodic direction on record, but recent reviews indicate the group still spends substantial time on the heavy growl side live. Veteran countrymen Katatonia, also veering toward the more populist rock side in recent years, support. Friday at the Roxy, 9009 Sunset Blvd., West Hollywood; 7pm; SOLD OUT; (310) 278-9457; www.ticketmaster.com. Saturday at the Canyon is SOLD OUT too.
Fri.-Sun. May 24-26 -- Young trumpeter Christian Scott plays subtly electronified jazz the whole family can dig, and he ain't stupid about it. At the Blue Whale on the third level of Weller Court Plaza, south of East First Street between South Los Angeles Street and South San Pedro Street, Little Tokyo 90012; 9pm-midnight; $20 presale, $25 door (he sold out last time, so get tix early); parking $5 underneath off Second Street at the sign of the P in a circle; (213) 620-0908; www.bluewhalemusic.com.
Sat. May 25 -- Seasons Guitar Quartet knocks out some Monk plus compositions by all the pluckers, who include Anthony Wilson, Larry Koonse, Julian Lage and Chico Pinheiro. Quiet & cool. A presentation of the Jazz Bakery's Movable Feast at the Musicians Institute, 1655 N. McCadden Place, Hollywood 90028; 8pm; $30; www.jazzbakery.org.
Sat. May 25 -- Why yes, Tool drummer Danny Carey and Volto are still doing a monthly jamtastic blowout here, thank you for asking. Featuring guitarist John Ziegler, bassist Lance Morrison and keyboardist Matt Rohde. At the Baked Potato, 3787 Cahuenga Blvd. West, Studio City 91604; 9:30 & 11:30pm; $25; (818) 980-1615; www.thebakedpotato.com.
Sun. May 26 -- Let's see how the John Daversa Contemporary Big Band squeezes its semitraditionalist energy into this little watering hole. At the Baked Potato, 3787 Cahuenga Blvd. West, Studio City 91604; 9:30 & 11:30pm; $20; (818) 980-1615; www.thebakedpotato.com.
Sun. May 26 -- L.A. thrash don't come no more committed than Warbringer or more nervously furious than Witchaven. With Exterminate, Velosity, Vengeance, Hell Spawn, maybe Vector. At the Whisky, 8901 Sunset Blvd., West Hollywood 90069; doors 6pm; $15; www.ticketweb.com; (310) 652-4202.
Sun. May 26 -- You bet, Saccharine Trust/Mecolodiacs guitarist Joe Baiza is an improviser, and he's doing a rare solo spinout this afternoon on a bill featuring microcosmic songwriters Garretson & Gorodetsky and poet Dennis Cruz. At Pilates & Arts, 1844 Echo Park Ave., Echo Park 90026; 4pm; FREE.
Mon. May 27 -- Katatonia fans who didn't get tix before the weekend's shows with Opeth sold out can still catch the tunefully heavy Swedes tonight with Sirion and Diminished 7. At the Roxy, 9009 Sunset Blvd., West Hollywood; 7:30pm; $16.50; (310) 278-9457; www.ticketmaster.com.
Tues. May 28 -- Guitarist Chris Poland isn't on Megadeth's new album (the way he was on the first couple), but it's still wild to hear him in his fusion trio Ohm, with Robert Pagliari and David Eagle. At the Baked Potato, 3787 Cahuenga Blvd. West, Studio City 91604; 9:30 & 11:30pm; $20; (818) 980-1615; www.thebakedpotato.com.
No Ray Manzarek, no Doors. He started the band, recognizing the by no means obvious (in 1965) singing and writing potential of fellow UCLA film student Jim Morrison. He calmly held it together on the many occasions when various members were fleeing or stumbling out the portal. He subbed pretty well on vocals when Morrison was too drunk to stand. Listen to the Doors' live recordings, and notice how little you miss the presence of the non-member bassists who played on the band's studio sessions, because Manzarek laid such a solid & steady left hand on the recently invented keyboard bass -- no one else in rock was doing that. Though Manzarek held no lofty opinion of himself as an organist or pianist, try to imagine the Doors without his raga-like lines, imitated by legions. And I liked his pinstripe suits. Peace to him hereafter.
* * *
Read Don Heckman's jazz picks here and MoshKing's metal listings here. Read John Payne's plutonic Bluefat.com here.


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I've been back from my first SXSW for a week now, and I have to say that overall I had a really great time!
I've heard a lot of complaining about how SXSW Interactive isn't what it used to be, it's too big, you can't run into your friends, you can't get into parties, etc. Since this was my first time, I have nothing to compare it to, but I can say that I was still able to meet a lot of the people I wanted to and make some really great connections with smart, talented people in the web design industry. My situation is a little bit different than most people who attend SXSW, however; I'm an author and speaker in addition to being a working web designer, so I think I do stand to get work in the writing and speaking areas of my career as a result of networking at SXSW. If I wasn't an author and speaker, though, I don't think SXSW would have been as beneficial in building my professional network. I do see how it's both too insular and big for being as effective at that as other conferences or events could be.
The first couple days, I had a hard time getting into any sessions—or at least any I really cared about. I wasn't terribly impressed with the quality of the presentations I did see and didn't feel like I was learning much. But after the first couple days, I finally got into some really excellent sessions that gave me new ideas for things to try in my projects and career. I've felt like I'm in a bit of rut lately, since I haven't had much client work to do, and have felt discouraged about my career. But after seeing some of these great sessions, I feel re-energized about what I do, the value it has, and where I can take it. That's probably the most valuable takeaway from SXSW for me, so if you're trying to decide whether to go to SXSW next year, that may be a good reason to decide yes. (more…)


text: This is an odd question, but I'm just trying to find out the name of a restaurant near Union Square but don't have much to go on. My friend lived in an NYU dorm one summer in college (around 2002) and remembers a restaurant across the street from the dorm (doesn't remember the dorm name or the street! Near Union Square but not right on the square) that was well-known, she thinks it's Italian and had been around for a long time. She once saw Drew Barrymore going in. And now she wants to go there for her birthday. Any help is appreciated!


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Warne was making a brief visit to this country on Monday to lend his voice to the announcement that his Indian Premier League team, Rajasthan Royals, have founded the world's first global sporting franchise.
But perhaps the surroundings of Lord's fired old rivalries as Warne could not resist the urge to send a verbal barb in England's direction.
First he was dismissive of the suggestion that resting Strauss from Bangladesh would benefit England in an Ashes year. Then it was the turn of Alastair Cook, Strauss's stand-in as captain, to have his role in the team questioned.
"That just doesn't sit right with me," Warne said. "I think the England captain shouldn't be resting from a Test series. I hope it doesn't backfire on them. [You wouldn't say to] Allan Border, 'Sorry mate, we're just going to rest you from a Test match so you can be right in nine months' time'. He'd rip your head off. So there's something I don't like.
"I think he's [Cook] been under pressure for his place in the side. He got a hundred [at Durban]. I don't know when he got one before that. A year? 15 Tests? [It was actually seven]. That's a long time for an opener not to get a hundred. Now he's made a hundred, he's captain."
Warne also predicted problems if his former Hampshire team-mate, Michael Carberry, who will open in Strauss's absence, has a good start to his career when the Tests against Bangladesh begin on March 12.
"The one good thing is Michael Carberry gets an opportunity," Warne said.
"He's probably the most in-form opener on the county circuit. What happens if Michael Carberry makes three hundreds and Alastair Cook makes a couple of runs. That creates selection issues.
"It just flirts with danger when the English captain decides, 'I need a rest'. I just hope they're not taking Bangladesh too lightly."
Strauss's decision was also criticised by England fast bowler Stephen Harmison. "Even if he got there two days before the series, the captain should be there," he said.
Meanwhile, Pakistan bowler Mohammad Asif has been left out of the squad to face England in two Twenty20 internationals in Dubai later this month.
Asif, who was deported from Dubai in 2008 for possessing opium, was not considered after UAE authorities refused to revoke travelling restrictions imposed on him.


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Has been appointed vice president and dean of faculty at Armstrong Atlantic State University.
Background: Whitford had been professor and interim provost and vice president for academic affairs at Central Connecticut State University since November 2004. She has been with the 12,315-enrollment public university since 2000, when she joined the faculty as professor and dean of the School of Education and Professional Studies.
Education: Whitford holds a doctorate degree in education from Rutgers. She earned a master's degree in education from Arcadia University, majoring in reading, and completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Delaware as an English major.


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Credit Advice
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I talked to a girl who said that the best thing I can do is make a settlement. I don't have money to make a settlement. I'm living off of paycheck by paycheck right now. So she said to make payments until it's low enough for me to make a settlement. Should I send a Pay to Delete letter when that happens? I really need help.
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Usually "pay for delete agreeements" can only be obtained by offering to pay the account in full and right away for the deletion of it on your credit reports. I assume that you will probably not get one if you are not in the position to pay it all off at once. You can always try to negotiate a deletion though. Yes, you could just stop paying, BUT will they then take you to court for the debt? I am not sure what to advise here, all I can do is suggest that you continue to read as much as you can on the subject, do some reading on the FDCPA (fair debt collection practices act), consult with an attorney or professional credit counseler to make sure that the debt collector is treating you fairly. Debt collection companies are not to be trusted and often employ illegal tactics to get money out of people.
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Using a map as lead artwork, especially on the front page, can be a bit of a gamble. Unlike a photo of a cute puppy, a devastating fire or a scantily clad woman, there isn't much about a map that captures the reader's immediate attention.
That's where are little bit of creativity can go a long way in turning a lackluster map into the crowning jewel of a page design.
When putting together a map there are a number of things to consider:
The use of colour
Getting the colours right is crucial. In most cases the purpose of a map is to focus the reader's attention on a specific geographic area. Bold, primary colours are a great way to highlight areas of importance and increase the impact of the map on the page. However, be careful not to use too many vibrant colours or things will get ugly, fast. Two, maybe three bold colours (tops), is about all the eye can handle.
Basic features of the map (like land, roads, water, etc.) should be filled with a more subdued colour.
If your map is more complex, use various shades of the same colour to identify the separation of regions.
The typography used for labels is just as important as the map itself. Without clear, precise, attention-grabbing labels the map has little context and is virtually meaningless. That's why it's crucial to think about how the typographical elements of the map will add to its legibility and enhance the overall look.
Throughout the process of putting a map together you need to constantly evaluate how it will be interpreted by the reader. Using identifying markers makes it much easier for someone to extract relevant information.
A legend (or key) is a must for any map that highlights areas with multiple colours or patterns. For most people there is a strong association between legends and maps. That's why you will find that most readers will focus their attention on the legend first while trying to interpret a map.
The use of photography
When the silhouette of the map isn't immediately recognizable, it's often beneficial to pair the map with a relevant photograph so the reader has something to connect it with.
When you pair a map with a photo, it's best to use subtle colours. Utimately, you don't want the map and the photograph fighting for attention. They need to work together in a way where one flows into the next.
Connecting to the headline
Maps, by their very nature, are a conceptual, abstract form of imagery. When a reader looks at a map, they need to be able to pull out the key information within a few seconds or their attention will wander elsewhere. By pairing a map with an overtly related headline it helps the reader to bridge the gap between the image and the concept that is being presented.
I'll leave you with a collection of map designs for your inspiration.


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Patna: Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, following the conclusion of his weekly 'janata durbar', albeit a new and improved one with a fresh name called 'Lok Samvad', took full credit for successfully organizing Prakash Utsav, the 350th birth anniversary celebration of Guru Govind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru, saying he had no help from the Center so he decided to take the matter in his own hand.
"I had been planning to hold this event for a long time and for this I even wrote to the then UPA government seeking its help. When the NDA came into power, I made a similar request but both times my appeal was ignored so I decided to go solo and organize this very holy event all on my own," the Chief Minister said.
Kumar further said that the recently-concluded Prakash Utsav also helped develop Patna City area as most changes and improvement made for the Sikh celebration week were permanent including the construction of the bridge between the Bypass and the Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb Gurudwara, widening of the roads, change in power cable, and overall clean-up job in an otherwise filthy area.
"I personally oversaw these works and made sure the visitors left Bihar with a positive feeling in their mind. With all the accolades we are getting from people all over the world, it is evident that the weeklong event was highly successful," he said.
The Chief Minister went on explaining how he made Prakash Utsav so successful adding he brought in a number of prominent Sikhs to help him plan out the whole event.
"Considering the religious sensitivity of the program, I summoned retired Chief Secretary G. S. Kangh, former IPS Baljit Singh, and others. Moreover, the Secretary of Bihar Tourism department Harjot Kaur is also a native of Punjab. All these people helped turn Prakash Utsav into a huge success that people will be talking about for many years to come," he said adding he was thankful to the people of Bihar and the Gurudwara Management Committee for making the event memorable.
Kumar then turned his attention towards the media and some of his opponents saying they were trying to malign the image of Bihar by raising a non-issue like Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) chief Lalu Prasad Yadav being made to sit on the floor at Patna's Gandhi Maidan during the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
"These people are trying to create a controversy where there is none. I don't understand what these people get when trying to make Bihar look bad. What they don't understand is that the seating arrangement at any Prime Minister's event is made by the Center and not the state," the Chief Minister said.BLOG COMMENTS POWERED BY DISQUS