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Producer Profile: Azienda Agricola Pacina di Giovanna Tiezzi Borsa
Recently, we were thrilled to welcome Giovanna Tiezzi and Stefano Borsa to our shop. Giovanna and Stefano are the dedicated growers behind Pacina wine and they stopped by our Cambridge shop on a rare visit to the United States to taste out their '07 Chianti Colli Senesi and speak to folks about what distinguishes them from other viticoltori in their region.
Where is Pacina?
Located about twenty-five minutes east of Siena in the Chianti district of Colli Senesi, Pacina is an old convent, dating to circa 900AD. The land where the convent is located is rich in wine history insofar as Pāca was the Etruscan god of the grape harvest, the equivalent of the Roman god, Bacchus, or the Greek god, Dionysius. For centuries, wine has been made in this region.
Flash forward to 2011: Pacina serves as a home to Giovanna Tiezzi and Stefano Borsa, along with their children, Maria and Carlo. Giovanna took over the estate that was bought by her great-grandparents. Today, she and Stefano cultivate a wide range of produce – from cereals, to fruit, to vegetables, to extra virgin olive oil. Giovanna and Stefano are, however, probably best known for their wine. As with everything they produce, it is organic.
Where is the Chianti region?
The Chianti region in Italy encompasses a large part of Tuscany and includes the major cities of Florence and Siena – think too of the leaning tower of Pisa, of Michelangelo's David and Brunelleschi's dome. The whole Chianti region has been awarded Denominazione di origine controllata (DOCG) status and is divided into eight districts. The district known as "Chianti Classico" is considered by many to be the true heart of Chianti country. Pacina is situated just 100 meters southeast of the Chianti Classico border, within the Colli Senesi district.
What distinguishes different Chiantis*?
In addition to the varying terroir of the Chianti regions, aging is a distinguishing factor. In order to receive the "Riserva" designation, wines must be aged for a minimum of two years. Whether or not the wines are blended is also something to consider. Top Chiantis (like Pacina) are usually made with almost 100% Sangiovese, a grape with a medium to high level of acidity. Some producers, however, will blend up to 20% of the wine, using local grapes such as Cannaiolo, Malvasia Nera, Ciliegiolo, and international varietals such as Merlot, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Chiantis may be designated by the name of the district they are from or, if the grapes are a blend from different districts, simply as "Chianti." Good Chiantis age well and are considered to be ideal food wines – dry but with fruity flavor profiles. Often they benefit from being aged five to eight years but good vintages can go for more than 10 years in the cellar.
What distinguishes Pacina Chianti?
If you are familiar with our wine philosophy, you will know how important natural, traditional farming is to us. In general, we have found that those winemakers who have a closer relationship to the land translate their terroir most authentically. Giovanna and Stefano are pioneers in their growing community, not only with respect to organic farming but also their commitment to tradition in both the vineyard and wine cellar. They strive to find an ecological balance on their estate, priding themselves on the biodiversity of their land – the abundance of various fruit and vegetables as well as the native grasses and herbs that populate their vineyards. They believe that the healthier the ecosystem, the better their wine will be and the more expressive of Pacina's true terroir. They have never introduced chemicals, pesticides, or herbicides to the property and don't ever intend to do so. Their vines intuitively plunge deep into the soils, extracting the minerals and nutrients that are present.
Pacina's Chianti Colli Senesi is very much an example of how Chianti used to taste before the introduction of technology in the wine cellar. They choose to ferment using the ambient yeasts that naturally inhabit the skins of their fruit and refuse temperature control during fermentation, trusting the natural process to get the job done. Vintage to vintage variation is thus inevitable and welcomed, allowing their wine to show the true imprint of the region's climate and soil. In addition, Giovanna and Stefano conduct lengthy and patient macerations that exceed many of those conducted by other growers. As a result, their Chianti drinks much like a Brunello and can age for much longer than most wines from their peers – even beyond 25 years for a good vintage!
Pacina's wine will be available for sale in early August, 2011 and we are currently taking pre-orders from customers that would like to reserve some of the limited supply in advance.
*Please note that it is very difficult to generalize about a growing region and, in this section, we merely attempt a brief orientation that should be considered a starting point for further research. At the shop, our knowledge of a region begins through the lens of the producer, especially through visiting, and then expands through tasting and travel.
Gemma Iannoni is the wine buyer and a cheesemonger at Formaggio Kitchen Cambridge.


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Release Notes: This releases improves the self-healing of the CronJobs, which should recognize dead processes more reliably. Users shouldn't need to manually intervene anymore. "Reply All" now removes one's own address from CC fields.
Release Notes: This build fixes a nasty error in the installer, which "forgot" to create some system folders for the user. Code has also been added which tries to recreate the missing folders on login, if necessary.
Release Notes: The installer has been fully revamped, giving it a more modern, slim appeal and making it easier to understand. A few minor issues with the configuration interface, the mail list, and fetching external calendars have been fixed. Cronjob scheduling has been improved, with the process limit raised. Both steps should improve Cronjob handling.
Release Notes: Unfortunately, there were still some minor bugs in the previous build; they have been fixed in this one.
Release Notes: This build fixes various issues with typos and the autoload mechanism, and massively improves the behavior when adding a new IMAP account.
Release Notes: This build fixes a few issues with the display of mail attachments, the mobile interface, and some CSS issues, and finally brings a cure to the problem where the MySQL timezone might be different than that of the installation.
Release Notes: This is the final release of phlyMail 4.4. It contains all the fixes of the previous beta and RC releases, and of course the security fixes from build 4.3.56. Please update your installation as soon as possible.
Release Notes: A few minor issues were unearthed, and were addressed with this build.
Release Notes: This build fixes a few minor issues which were missed in the previous release. It's now considered feature-complete and stable.
Release Notes: This release fixed various XSS issues, one potential path disclosure problem, and an issue with the derefer (redirection) service. Users are urged to update phlyMail installations (regardless of current version) as soon as possible. There were also numerous bugfixes and feature enhancements.

subset: commoncrawl


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The New Yorker's blend of reporting, commentary, criticism, fiction, and cartoons has garnered 36 National Magazine Awards since its debut in 1925 - more than any other publication. Edited by Pulitzer Prize winner David Remnick, the magazine has had only five editors in its 80-year history.
Each week, Audible and the editorial staff of The New Yorker work together to select a variety of the issue's best articles from The Talk of the Town, Fiction, The Critics, and more. Each article is read in its entirety. The New Yorker is available in audio exclusively at audible.com.
Delivery: Weekly (Wednesdays)
To get the latest The New Yorker, click here. Or, you can find back issues by searching the complete archive.
(P) and © The New Yorker
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As a regular reader of The New Yorker, I was delighted to see that Audible has picked it up. The content of the magazine is always compelling. But I know plenty of people who, like myself, don't get through the paper copy and keep the magazines around for that far-off vacation, prison sentence, or whatever will allow one the time to read all the great stories within.
Naturally, the New Yorker is not complete without the visual content, but this digest really hits the high points. The reader is dispassionate, allowing you to infer the voice of authors and the people they describe. My only complaint is a rather obvious one: David Sedaris's story was not read by Sedaris! Again, the narrator was bland enough to allow me to imagine well the intonations of Sedaris's voice. Like the Times digest, it is just that--a digest.
The Audible version got me to listen to sections that I probably would have flipped through otherwise--fiction, music, movies. And I enjoyed them tremendously.
Overall, I'd say this is easily one of the best subscription programs available. For anyone who loves the New Yorker, try it. For anyone who's never heard of the New Yorker, definitely try it! It's some of the best writing out there, and this is a great way to get acquainted.
"A must-hear!"
If you're like me, there's so much great writing out there that demands to be read, but you just don't have time to read it. That's what makes our audio version of "The New Yorker" so rewarding. Each week, I can listen to at least a half-dozen stories from the most literate magazine on Earth. So far I've heard David Sedaris, Jonathan Franzen, and John Updike, plus other entertaining and informative stuff from the magazine's staff writers. If you're going to spend your commuting time wisely, or you're looking for a more intellectual way of multi-tasking, this is the subscription for you!
"I'm Not An Intellectual, But..."
I always thought this magazine was only for intellectuals or snooty high culture types. I was wrong! The articles, for the most part are quite compelling; even when at first glance the subject matter may not appeal to me. The hook is that most of these stories have a uniquely human twist. I've subscribed for two months now and even when I miss a week I make sure to catch up on back issues!
"It cannot get any better than this!"
Solid Narrators.
Perfect article picks....
and, Hey, it's the New Yorker... There is great content!
"Wonderful Addition to Audible's catalogue"
Before downloading Audible's New Yorker sampler, I hadn't actively read the magazine in decades. Oh what I've been missing! The literature, the commentary, the reviews... all so splendidly intelligent and insightful. And all so downright entertaining!
In the editions I've downloaded, I've found the selections to be excellent. I feel as though they're the perfect blend of varied content and tone. The narration is equally laudable. Our reader's voice is pleasant, friendly and clear, with just the right amount of inflection and emphasis to bring the writing to life without intruding upon it.
I've been devouring Fresh Air interviews for almost two years, aside from my audio book downloads and the ever-entertaining "Says You" from NPR. The New Yorker is a great addition to my Audible listening!
"The forum of our time!"
The New Yorker provides a unique perspective on the world. It is my favorite periodical.
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Cowley taxi Online booking
Need a taxi to or from Cowley? Enter your journey details here and get instant quotes. We work together with many minicab operators in the Cowley area to guarantee you the best taxi price.
Quickly compare airport taxi prices. It's free, dependable and with no obligation.
Low cab fares for Cowley
Taxis from or to Cowley? Taxi to Heathrow? Taxi to Gatwick? Flying into London or the UK? Want to make sure you get the best price? Hate getting ripped off?
Whenever you're on a business trip or a personal one, whether you're going out, on your way to the airport or on your way back, use Cabmania.com to get your best offers for your ride.
How does this work
Enter your Cowley ride details and your request will be sent instantly to all the relevant taxi drivers. They bid your ride - they recieve your request and bid the lowest price possible for them to take the ride. This way you are sure to get the best possible fare. You can then choose from a multitude of options and decide which taxi can offer you the best fare and best suits you.
As a customer you have absolutely no obligation and no booking fee. You pay the driver and the most we will ask is for you to rate the driver so we can keep the marketplace always with the best taxi driver and taxi companies being rewarded for excellent service and dependability.
London taxi coverage
Our london taxi and London minicab network covers the following London boroughs:
City of London, City of Westminster, Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham, Wandsworth, Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Islington, Camden, Brent, Ealing, Hounslow, Richmond upon Thames, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Sutton, Croydon, Bromley, Lewisham, Greenwich, Bexley, Havering, Barking and Dagenham, Redbridge, Newham, Waltham Forest, Haringey, Enfield, Barnet & Harrow.
London airport taxi coverage
In addition to our coverage around the Greater London area, we cover the following airports around London:
London Heathrow airport (LHR)
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Stansted airport (STN)
London city airport (LCY)
We work together with many London taxi drivers and minicab operators and offer service to/from any airport and London as well as all the counties around London.
London taxi and minicab guide
London offers 2 types of taxi services, the black London taxis, also known as the London taxi and minicabs which are also called private hire vehicles.
The main differences between the two is that black london taxis are using a meter to price the ride while minicabs aren't; Black london taxis can be hailed in the street or at designated taxi ranks while Private hire vehicles and minicabs must be booked in advance either online, at an office, by telephone or email.
Minicab companies are licensed and usually offer a cheaper alternative to the black cab as they do not operate a meter. While minicabs fares are generally reasonable, they are not on a meter, instead you should be quoted in advance while making the booking.
Any person who operates private hire vehicles in the London area must be licensed by Transport for London (TfL). By using a licensed operator passengers can have confidence that the driver and vehicle are also licensed by TfL.
Please use this for information only, for an up to date info check with Transport For London.


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Welles Park
2333 W. Sunnyside Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60625
(312) 742-7511
Fee: Free
Age Range: Any
Little Miss Ann [kids]sponsored by Old Town School of Folk Music
This family-friendly concert in ideal for families with young children.
As part of the Night Out in the Park initative Welles Park will once again host Tuesdays @ the Gazebo. The concert series runs June 18 - August 27, 2013. All concerts begin at 6:30pm. Rain [join us in the gym] or shine the show goes on. Bring your family and friends and enjoy an evening of music at the park. Grab a chair/blanket and pack a picnic basket!


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Rapha Merino Socks
Rapha merino socks are the finest cycling socks on the market. Made from soft, luxurious merino wool, the natural fibre wicks sweat better than any synthetic, keeping you cool and dry in the summer and warm in cold weather. It is also naturally anti-bacterial so, unlike polyester, the socks won't smell after repeated use. The socks have hand locked seams at the toes to prevent rubbing and are reinforced at the heel.
"We've found no finer socks than the Rapha merinos. 10/10"
- Cycling Weekly


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Discuss Sony's PlayStation Vita consoles and games here.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
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Oversized Geometric Sunglasses
Color: please select a color
Size: please select a size
Style # MJSUN40024
Need Assistance? Contact Us Now
Faceted plastic sunglasses exude geometric elegance, and transparent temples add a contemporary finish. Case, pouch, and cleaning cloth included.
Made in Italy.
Width: 6in / 15cm
Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm
Lens width: 56mm
Made in Italy.
Width: 6in / 15cm
Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm
Lens width: 56mm
Shipping & Returns
Free Shipping Worldwide: No matter where you are sending your order, we offer free express shipping across the globe. Shipping Details
Easy Returns: Because we understand that not every purchase is exactly right, we've made returns easy. With the return form and return shipping label included with every order, customer service calls aren't necessary. And if you're in the USA, returns are free. Return Details
Shipping Available: Shipping Within USA Only: For Amazon Prime members, free two-day shipping is available for all Shopbop & East Dane products.
About the Designer
Renowned for his exceptional accomplishments in fashion, American designer Marc Jacobs brings retro glamour to eyewear with the Marc Jacobs Sunglasses collection. Educated at the Parsons School of Design and the recipient of 7 CFDA awards, Jacobs designed the first collection for his eponymous fashion line in 1987 and has been a force on the fashion scene ever since. Today, Marc Jacobs Sunglasses highlight the label's ability to reinvent vintage fashion, gilding each pair with a little extra magic.
These are just perfect. I love these so much. I love the darker at the top and slowly lightens...very flattering frame, too. I have a smaller face and these were great. My husband even likes!!!!!
Sizing: True to Size / As Expected
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Altgeld Park
515 S. Washtenaw Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60612
(312) 746-5001
Fee: Free
Age Range: At least 8 but less than 18
Please register with the partnership group here, look for the Chicago date: http://www.thegridironclassic.com/GRIDIRON CLASSIC FOOTBALL CLINICThis is a free 1-day sports clinic that is open to any and all youth football players ages 8-17 yrs. The day consists of a mandatory health fair, H.S. Stud combine, football camp and celebrity flag football game.Now in its fourth year, the Gridiron Classic (GIC) is a community initiative that continues to grow rapidly and has established a strong reputation for using the power and influence of sports to positively impact the lives of youth ages 8-17. The goal of the GIC is to capture the attention of and engage young people in order to foster a spirit of determination by motivating and empowering youth through enriching experiences. Help us in championing issues focused on the betterment of youth.


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Verna Marie "Bitz" Riese, Orfordville, WI (1918-2014)
August 13, 1918 - February 14, 2014
Verna Marie "Bitz" Riese, age 95, passed away on Friday, Feb. 14, 2014, at Collinwood Elderly Care, Orfordville. She was born in Plymouth Township, Rock County, on Aug. 13, 1918, the daughter of Fred and Elsie (Hatton) Diehls. She attended Ellis School, and graduated from Janesville High School in 1936. "Bitz" lived on a farm in the Orfordville area, for many years and worked in food service at Parkview School District, Orfordville, and after moving to Florida, in the Charlotte County School District. She married Donald Paul Riese on July 27, 1973, in Punta Gorda, FL. They spent many happy years in Florida, enjoyed traveling around the country and coming back to northern Wisconsin, during the summer. He passed away Oct. 15, 2003. "Bitz" returned to Orfordville in 2012. She was an outstanding cook, who enjoyed being with her family and friends, and playing cards, dominoes, and doing crafts.
"Bitz" is survived by her sisters-in-law, Genevieve Abrahamson and Mary Diehls; nieces and nephews: Jerry, David, John and Christine Abrahamson, Andrew, Pete, Charles, and Steven Diehls, David, Fred, Dale, Larry Diehls, Susan Hasse and Mary Lyn Warhus, Ronald, Richard and William Easton; great-niece, Darcy Worple; goddaughter, Kathy Demrow; and many other family and friends. She was preceded in death by her parents; her husband; step-mother, Fannie Diehls; brothers, George (Maxine) and Evan Diehls; sister, Hattie (Ray) Easton; niece, Fay Vogel; and nephew, Timothy Diehls.
Funeral services will be held at NEWCOMER-SILVERTHORN CHAPEL ON THE HILL, Hwy 11 and South Coon Island Road, Orfordville, at 11 a.m. Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2014, with Pastor Jeanette Thorp officiating. A visitation will be held on Tuesday from 10 a.m. until the time of service at the FUNERAL HOME. Burial will be in Grove Cemetery, Town of Center.
The family would like to thank the wonderful staff at Collinwood for the care and compassion they gave "Bitz",
and to Agrace HospiceCare.


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Accused bus driver answers claims against her
JANESVILLE--The Janesville bus driver accused of telling a teenager to go the back of her bus and then ejecting him because he is black has denied the charges against her in U.S. District Court in Madison.
The boy's mother, Shytivia Turner-Muhammad, 843 E. Milwaukee St., is named as bringing the suit. A pretrial conference is scheduled March 3.
The lawsuit identifies the boy as D.T. and as being African-American.
The mother's attorney, Amy Scarr, was initially negotiating with city of Janesville officials, demanding $500,000 in compensation.
But Scarr filed the suit in federal court in January, naming only bus driver Mary Lesko as the defendant. The suit claims Lesko deprived the youth of his 14th Amendment rights based either on race or sex.
Lesko said in her answer to the complaint that she told D.T. to go to the back of the bus because he was sitting in a disabled area when someone who needed a seat boarded the bus. She said she ejected the boy shortly after because he said, "F--- you."
"If plaintiff sustained any of the injuries or damages alleged in the complaint, such injuries and damages were caused in whole or in part, or were contributed to, by plaintiff's own culpable conduct and intentional acts," according to Lesko's statement filed in court.
The defense also claims Lesko is protected under laws that give government workers immunity for any actions while doing their jobs.
This is the first time Lesko has commented on the claims against her.
A video of the Nov. 7 incident was released by city administration in December. By that time, Lesko was using paid time off until her retirement date of Jan. 1, 2014.
The video shows Lesko asking two young riders to give up their seats when a person she says she knew to be elderly and/or disabled got on the bus. The video also shows three other riders remaining in their seats in the priority area.
The young female gets up and moves while D.T. does not immediately get up. Lesko then orders D.T. to leave the priority seating area and go to the back of the bus.
Lesko, 1334 Sharon St., Janesville, said in the suit that this is when D.T. swore at her, and she ejected him from the bus.
According to bus policy, a driver can ask an individual to move if an elderly or handicapped person needs a seat in the priority area.
Lesko said she knew three of the five passengers in the priority seating area were elderly or disabled. Lesko denies she acted with discriminatory intent but rather ejected the teen because he used the vulgarity. She also denied the ejection violated bus policy.
Lesko said her actions were based on legitimate and nondiscriminatory reasons and not because of race.
Lesko is asking that the complaint be dismissed and that she be awarded her attorneys' fees.
The teen's family is asking for compensatory and punitive damages and attorney fees to be determined at trial.


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This oversized men's Fossil Nate watch has a black ion-plated stainless-steel case and is fitted with a quality chronograph quartz movement. It is fitted with a grey metal bracelet and has an attractive black dial with a date indicator.
JB Watches accept all Credit cards during checkout and guarantee safety to all of their customers. In case of an issue, please contact the customer services team.
How long will it take to receive my order?
We always aim to process every order within 24 hours of it being placed
UK delivery – From next business day up to one week.
International – Varies depending on destination.
Click here for more information
Who will deliver my order?
To allow us to offer you the most competitive prices, we use a range of established couriers including Royal Mail, Interlink/DPD, MyHermes, and Parcel Force.
If you are not happy with your item you can always return it to us within 30 days of purchase


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Saleto-200 (ibuprofen) Disease Interactions
There are 13 disease interactions with Saleto-200 (ibuprofen):
- Asthma
- Fluid Retention
- Gi Toxicity
- Rash
- Renal Toxicities
- Thrombosis
- Pku
- Anemia
- Heart Failure
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypertension
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibition
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Asthma
Severe Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Asthma
Approximately 10% of patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma, characterized by nasal polyposis, pansinusitis, eosinophilia, and precipitation of asthma and rhinitis attacks after ingestion of aspirin. The use of aspirin in these patients has been associated with severe bronchospasm and fatal anaphylactoid reactions. Since cross-sensitivity has been noted between aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), therapy with any NSAID should be avoided in asthmatic patients with a history of aspirin or other NSAID sensitivity, and administered cautiously in all patients with preexisting asthma. Prior to initiating therapy with NSAIDs, patients should be questioned about previous allergic-type reactions to these agents. Salicylate salts, salsalate, salicylamide, and acetaminophen may be appropriate alternatives in patients with a history of NSAID-induced bronchospasm, since cross-sensitivity to these agents appears to be low. However, cross-sensitivity has been demonstrated occasionally with high dosages of these agents (e.g., acetaminophen >= 1000 mg), thus it may be appropriate to initiate therapy with low dosages and increase gradually. There is some evidence suggesting that COX-2 inhibitors may be safely used in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma, although the labeling for these products contraindicate such use. If necessary, aspirin desensitization may also be attempted in some patients under medical surveillance.
- "Product Information. Naprosyn (naproxen)." Syntex Laboratories Inc, Palo Alto, CA.
- Stevenson DD, Hougham AJ, Schrank PJ, Goldlust MB, Wilson RR "Salsalate cross-sensitivity in aspirin-sensitive patients with asthma." J Allergy Clin Immunol 86 (1990): 749-58
- "Product Information. Voltaren (diclofenac)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Fluid Retention
Severe Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Fluid Retention, Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension
Fluid retention and edema have been reported in association with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting fluid retention, hypertension, or a history of heart failure. Blood pressure and cardiovascular status should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.
- Heerdink ER, Leufkens HG, Herings RM, Ottervanger JP, Stricker BH, Bakker A "NSAIDs associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure in elderly patients taking diuretics." Arch Intern Med 158 (1998): 1108-12
- Lewis RV, Toner JM, Jackson PR, Ramsay LE "Effects of indomethacin and sulindac on blood pressure of hypertensive patients." Br Med J 292 (1986): 934-5
- "Product Information. Orudis (ketoprofen)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Gi Toxicity
Severe Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Peptic Ulcer, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal Perforation, Duodenitis/Gastritis, History - Peptic Ulcer, Alcoholism, Colitis/Enteritis (Noninfectious), Colonic Ulceration, Smoking
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause gastrointestinal mucosal damage, the risk of which appears to be related to both dosage and duration of therapy. Serious GI toxicity such as bleeding, ulceration and perforation can develop at any time, with or without warning symptoms, and occurs in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3 to 6 months and 2% to 4% of patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, although short-term therapy is not without risk. While agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (i.e., COX-2 inhibitors) are generally thought to be associated with a reduced risk of GI toxicity compared to conventional NSAIDs, they have not been proven risk-free. In addition, there is evidence that COX-2 inhibitors may delay healing of gastric ulcers, and likely to the same extent as traditional NSAIDs. Thus, therapy with all NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors, should be prescribed cautiously in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with such a history who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients with neither of these risk factors. Caution is also advised if NSAIDs are prescribed to patients with other risk factors such as oral corticosteroid or anticoagulant use, alcohol use, smoking, older age, and poor general health status. Particular vigilance is necessary when treating elderly (i.e., age 60 years or more) and/or debilitated patients, since they are often more susceptible to the GI toxicity of these drugs and seem to tolerate ulceration and bleeding less well than younger, healthier individuals. Whenever possible, especially if prolonged use is anticipated, treatment with non-ulcerogenic agents should be attempted first. If NSAIDS are used, patients should be treated with the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration possible, and prophylactic therapy with a cytoprotective agent (e.g., misoprostol), histamine H2-receptor antagonist, or a proton pump inhibitor should be administered as necessary. Patients should be counseled to avoid or minimize consumption of alcohol during NSAID therapy. Three or more alcoholic drinks per day during NSAID use may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Patients should also be advised to promptly seek medical attention if they experience symptoms that could indicate serious GI tract ulceration or bleeding such as epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis.
- Levy M, Miller DR, Kaufman DW, Siskind V, Schwingl P, Rosenberg L, Strom B, Shapiro S "Major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Relation to the use of aspirin and other nonnarcotic analgesics." Arch Intern Med 148 (1988): 281-5
- Scott B "Bleeding massive gastric ulcer on diflunisal (Dolobid) ." Br Med J 1 (1979): 489
- "Product Information. Mobic (meloxicam)" Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Rash
Severe Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Dermatitis - Drug-Induced
Severe, potentially fatal dermatologic reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and other exfoliative dermatitis have been associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These events may occur without warning. Patients should be advised to discontinue the NSAID and seek medical attention promptly at the first sign of rash, blisters, fever, itching, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
- "Product Information. Indocin (indomethacin)." Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
- "Product Information. Tolectin (tolmetin)." McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ.
- "Product Information. Relafen (nabumetone)." SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Renal Toxicities
Severe Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Renal Dysfunction, Dehydration, Congestive Heart Failure, Hyponatremia, Liver Disease
Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with renal toxicities, including elevations in serum creatinine and BUN, tubular necrosis, glomerulitis, renal papillary necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure. In patients with pre-renal conditions whose renal perfusion may be dependent on the function of prostaglandins, NSAIDs may precipitate overt renal decompensation via a dose-related inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Patients at greatest risk for this reaction include geriatric patients and those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, or substantial volume and/or sodium depletion (e.g., due to diuretics). Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in such patients, and hypovolemia and hyponatremia should be corrected prior to initiating treatment. Clinical monitoring of renal function is recommended during therapy, particularly in the presence of manifestations associated with mild azotemia (e.g., malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite). If renal function declines or renal failure occurs, prompt discontinuation of NSAID therapy will usually lead to recovery to the pretreatment state. NSAIDs are generally not recommended for patients with advanced renal disease due to the lack of information from controlled clinical studies regarding their use in such patients.
- Cefali EA, Poyner WJ, Sica D, Cox S "Pharmacokinetic comparison of flurbiprofen in end-stage renal disease subjects and subjects with normal renal function." J Clin Pharmacol 31 (1991): 808-14
- Beun GD, Leunissen KM, Van Breda Vriesman PJ, Van Hooff JP, Grave W "Isolated minimal change nephropathy associated with diclofenac." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295 (1987): 182-3
- Eriksson L-O, Sturfelt G, Thysell H, Wollheim FA "Effects of sulindac and naproxen on prostaglandin excretion in patients with impaired renal function and rheumatoid arthritis." Am J Med 89 (1990): 313-21
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Thrombosis
Severe Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Cerebrovascular Insufficiency, History - Cerebrovascular Disease, History - Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease
The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. The risk may increase with duration of use. Clinical trials of several cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have supported this association. Although not all NSAIDs have been studied, investigators believe it may be a class effect, and that the risk may be similar for all NSAIDs, both COX-2 selective and nonselective. Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Patients should be treated with the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration necessary. Appropriate antiplatelet therapy should be administered to patients requiring cardioprotection. However, there is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events associated with NSAID use, while the risk of serious GI events is increased. Patients should be advised to promptly seek medical attention if they experience symptoms that could indicate a cardiovascular thrombotic event such as chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and slurring of speech.
NSAIDs are contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Two large clinical trials of a COX-2 inhibitor for the treatment of pain in the first 10 to 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke.
- "Product Information. Vioxx (rofecoxib)." Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
- Fitzgerald GA, Patrono C "The coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxsygenase-2." N Engl J Med 345 (2001): 433-42
- Marcus AJ, Broekman MJ, Pinsky DJ "COX inhibitors and thromboregulation." N Engl J Med 347 (2002): 1025-6
Ibuprofen (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Pku
Moderate Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Phenylketonuria
Chewable products frequently may contain aspartame, which is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract to phenylalanine. Motrin (brand of ibuprofen) chewable 50 mg and 100 mg tablets provide the equivalent of 3 mg and 6 mg of phenylalanine each, respectively. The aspartame/phenylalanine content should be considered when these and similar products are used in patients who must restrict their intake of phenylalanine (i.e. phenylketonurics).
- "Product Information. Motrin (ibuprofen)." Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Anemia
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Anemia, Bleeding
Dose-dependent decreases in serum hemoglobin and hematocrit have been observed in patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Anemia has been reported occasionally. The mechanism may involve NSAID-induced fluid retention or gastrointestinal blood loss, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. The decreases in hemoglobin concentration tend to be slight with average doses but may exceed 1 g/dL when large doses are given, such as those used to treat osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Although these effects are generally not clinically important in otherwise healthy individuals, they may be relevant in patients with preexisting anemia or substantial blood loss. Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with or predisposed to anemia. Clinical monitoring of hematopoietic function may be appropriate, particularly during chronic therapy.
- "Product Information. Relafen (nabumetone)." SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
- Salom IL, Jacob G, Jallad N, Perdomo CA, Mullane JF, Weidler D "Gastrointestinal microbleeding associated with the use of etodolac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen in normal males." J Clin Pharmacol 24 (1984): 240-6
- Squires JE, Mintz PD, Clark S "Tolmetin-induced hemolysis." Transfusion 25 (1985): 410-3
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Heart Failure
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Congestive Heart Failure
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in patients treated with NSAIDs, including some topical formulations. These drugs should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart failure.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Hepatotoxicity
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Liver Disease
Borderline elevations of serum transaminases, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase have been reported in up to 15% of patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These abnormalities may progress, remain unchanged, or regress with continuing therapy. Notable liver enzyme elevations exceeding 3 times the upper limit of normal have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatotoxicity, including liver necrosis, hepatic failure, jaundice and fatal fulminant hepatitis, have been reported. Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with preexisting liver disease. Periodic monitoring of liver function is recommended during prolonged therapy. NSAIDs are also highly protein-bound and some are extensively metabolized by the liver. Metabolic activity and/or plasma protein binding may be altered in patients with hepatic impairment. A dosage reduction may be required in some cases.
- "Product Information. Orudis (ketoprofen)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
- Dhand AK, LaBrecque DR, Metzger J "Sulindac (clinoril) hepatitis." Gastroenterology 80 (1981): 585-6
- Selley ML, Madsen BW, Thomas J "Protein binding of tolmetin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 24 (1978): 694-705
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Hyperkalemia
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Hyperkalemia, Renal Dysfunction
Increase in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, have been reported with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to a hyporeninemic- hypoaldosteronism state.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Hypertension
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Hypertension
NSAIDs including topicals can lead to the onset of new hypertension or worsening of preexisting hypertension, either of which can contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Blood pressure should be monitored closely during NSAID therapy and throughout the course of therapy.
Nsaids (Includes Saleto-200) ↔ Platelet Aggregation Inhibition
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Thrombocytopathy, Coagulation Defect, Thrombocytopenia, Bleeding, Vitamin K Deficiency
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reversibly inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation and may prolong bleeding time in some patients. With the exception of aspirin, the platelet effects seen with most NSAIDs at usual recommended dosages are generally slight and of relatively short duration but may be more pronounced in patients with underlying hemostatic abnormalities. Thrombocytopenia has also been reported rarely during NSAID use. Therapy with NSAIDs should be administered cautiously in patients with significant active bleeding or a hemorrhagic diathesis, including hemostatic and/or coagulation defects associated with hemophilia, vitamin K deficiency, hypoprothrombinemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, or severe hepatic impairment. NSAIDs that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (i.e., COX-2 inhibitors) do not appear to affect platelet function or bleeding time at indicated dosages and may be preferable if risk of bleeding is a concern.
- "Product Information. Relafen (nabumetone)." SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA.
- Leese PT, Hubbard RC, Karim A, Isakson PC, Yu SS, Geis GS "Effects of celecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on platelet function in healthy adults: A randomized, controlled trial." J Clin Pharmacol 40 (2000): 124-32
- Hyson CP, Kazakoff MA "A severe multisystem reaction to sulindac." Arch Intern Med 151 (1991): 387-8
Saleto-200 (ibuprofen) drug Interactions
There are 439 drug interactions with Saleto-200 (ibuprofen)
Saleto-200 (ibuprofen) alcohol/food Interactions
There are 3 alcohol/food interactions with Saleto-200 (ibuprofen)
Drug Interaction Classification
|Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
|Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
|Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
|No information available.
Do not stop taking any medications without consulting your healthcare provider.
Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Multum is accurate, up-to-date and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This material does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. Multum's information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or combination thereof in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient. Multum Information Services, Inc. does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. Copyright 2000-2017 Multum Information Services, Inc. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.


text:
This medication is a combination of the following drugs:
Please see the separate articles on each one to find out about potential drug interactions. The interactions for each may be different, so read both articles carefully to find out the whole story.
Last reviewed August 2010 by
Copyright © 2010 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.


text:
Chunk of Change
Economists declared in September that the recession had been over for 15 months, but inside companies, the effects of the economic crisis continue. Although corporate legal departments may face a reprieve from the ruthless cost-cutting of the past few years, they're not simply reverting back to the old way of doing things.
"I talk to companies that are a little healthier and maybe don't have to hit 20 percent cuts this year," says Susan Hackett, general counsel of the Association of Corporate Counsel. "But once you go into that kind of budget-cutting mode, it's not like management's going to come back and say, 'Well, you can have your 20 percent back, and here's another 7 percent.'"
Luckily, the budget cuts have equipped in-house counsel with a new set of tools to control spend, including experimenting with new billing structures, developing more collaborative law firm relationships, bringing more work in-house, using legal process outsourcing, and finding better, more efficient ways to track budgets and projects. Hackett shares a conversation she had with the number two in a Fortune 500 law department who was excited his department was now billing 60 percent of its matters on a fixed fee basis.
"How long have you been doing that?" Hackett asked.
"Oh, about a year."
That's remarkable speed, she says, for a profession that usually moves "at a glacial pace. This is a tsunami of change."
And companies that have embarked on new budget-cutting measures and found success have no plans to stop just because the economy is recovering. If 2009 was a year of trying to figure out what was going on and how to handle it, 2010 became the year when law departments took a deliberate look at their spending and goals and developed strategies to align the two. The outcomes weren't always perfect, Hackett says, but that just may mean that 2011 will bring a better understanding of what strategies work best.
"I'm interested to see what 2011 holds," she says. "So many clients are finding what they're doing is really valuable, or that certain law department practices are really transforming the way in-house counsel will manage departments. If 2010 was the year of making deliberate decisions, 2011 might be the year things start shaking out and people start applying theory in terms of in-house departments. What's next? It will be a very interesting year."
Health Care Overhaul
Creating what arguably is the most sweeping change in domestic policy since Social Security, a bitterly divided Congress passed health care reform legislation in March. In doing so, it set off a firestorm from critics who claimed it would cost too much and provide too little, create more government intrusion into private lives and jeopardize the financial stability of small and mid-size employers.
On the other side, proponents pointed out that the existing system desperately needs an overhaul. With 50 million uninsured Americans relying on expensive emergency room care, and with health insurance premiums skyrocketing, they argued that Americans are spending more and getting less from their health care system than people in most developed countries. The controversy played a key role in many off-year election races, making it hard to sort out the truth amidst political hysteria.
In fact, companies won't feel the true impact of the bill–for better or worse–until 2014, when it requires all Americans to have health care coverage. But most companies with health benefit plans must immediately offer coverage for employees' adult children up to age 26, accept children under age 19 with pre-existing conditions, provide rest breaks and private spaces for breast-feeding mothers to express milk, and offer plans with no lifetime limits on benefits. In 2012, they face new W-2 reporting requirements. By 2014, companies with more than 50 full-time employees will have to decide whether to provide as-yet undefined comprehensive coverage, or pay a fine.
Many of the details are still to be defined. So far, government agencies have issued about 1,000 pages of regulations, a number that is expected to multiply tenfold. Meanwhile, whether the new law will meet the expectations of proponents, or realize the fears of opponents, or be fundamentally changed by the new Congress, remains to be seen.
"Most of those involved in health care from a legal perspective are tremendously interested in the system being reformed for the better," William Bernstein, a partner at Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, told InsideCounsel in November. "We all hope [the new law] will be a step forward, but the truth is we won't know for a long time."
Regulatory Restructuring
As its name implies, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, signed into law July 21, is aimed directly at protecting consumers from deceptive or overly risky practices in the financial services industry. Critics blamed a lack of government scrutiny of such practices for devastating millions of investment and retirement accounts and instigating the mortgage foreclosure crisis. Congress responded by restructuring the industry's regulatory institutions, eliminating some existing agencies and adding others, including the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, which will oversee every entity offering consumer financial products.
While most of the provisions of Dodd-Frank are limited to financial services, some are more far-reaching. The law provides new shareholder rights, including a requirement that public companies hold a nonbinding vote of the shareholders on their executive compensation scheme every three years. Companies also must disclose the median compensation of all employees excluding the CEO, and the ratio of that figure to the CEO's total compensation.
Of greater concern to many in-house counsel is the act's whistleblower provision. An employee who gives the SEC original information about any violation of the SEC Act or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that leads to successful prosecution can receive up to 30 percent of any penalty greater than $1 million. Employment attorneys voiced concern that the financial incentive would spur employees to report suspected violations to federal investigators, bypassing internal compliance systems. With such a big potential payoff, it's not surprising that soon after the law took effect, plaintiffs lawyers posted Internet ads seeking whistleblowers.
"I'm not a 'sky is falling' type, but I'm holding on to the edge of my seat," Covington & Burling Partner David Martin told InsideCounsel in October. "The act provides great potential for plaintiffs lawyers to drum up business."
Labor's Leader
When union attorney Craig Becker took his seat on the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) in April, many management side labor attorneys warned that the board would try to implement the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) through regulation.
EFCA, the top legislative priority of organized labor, would make it much easier for unions to organize workers, but it stalled in the Senate. Republicans, joined by two Democrats, had also succeeded in blocking the appointment of Becker, who had served as counsel for the AFL-CIO and the Service Employees International Union. But President Obama used his power of recess appointment to name Becker and Mark Pearce, a labor lawyer in private practice, to the five-member board, which had been operating with two members for more than a year.
The appointments spurred concern that the NLRB would do what Congress wouldn't: ease the way for union organizing. Pro-union rule changes could include shortening the election time frame, giving unions more access to potential members in the workplace and allowing off-site voting.
"The business community should be on red alert for radical changes that could significantly impair the ability of America's job creators to compete," U.S. Chamber of Commerce Vice President Randel Johnson said in a statement denouncing the recess appointments.
But Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., defended the President's move to fill vacancies during the Congressional Easter recess.
Senate Republicans "have dedicated themselves to a failed strategy to cripple President Obama's economic initiatives by stalling key administration nominees at every turn," Reid said in a statement.
As for Becker's ability to influence the implementation of EFCA-like regulations, he has until the end of 2011, when his recess term expires.
DOL Directives
Labor Secretary Hilda Solis spent 2010 cracking down on employers, with a focus on worker safety, independent contractors and unpaid interns. For example, in the spring 15,000 workplaces with rates of injury and illness higher than the national average received letters from the Department of Labor (DOL). The DOL's message: Workplace safety is a top priority.
"You've got to give them credit, they are not trying to hide anything," Fisher & Phillips Partner Edwin Foulke, who headed OSHA during the second Bush administration, told InsideCounsel in February. "They are very frank about saying they are focusing on enforcement and rulemaking. They are putting their money where their mouth is."
A new enforcement initiative known as "Plan-Protect-Prevent" requires employers to involve employees in crafting compliance plans and gives employees the right to use the plan to trigger DOL investigations into violations of OSHA and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).
A key FLSA enforcement initiative involves the misclassification of workers as independent contractors. In the recession, many companies turned to independent contractors to take the place of workers lost to layoffs, thereby avoiding employment taxes and wage and hour law requirements. As tempting as this may be, employers should be wary; the DOL's Wage and Hour Division added 90 investigators to address misclassification of employees as independent contractors, and is working with the Internal Revenue Service, which is trying to capture income taxes lost when workers are misclassified.
Unpaid interns can be another convenient way to cut labor costs in the current economic climate, but in April the DOL outlined the requirements for internships to qualify for exemption from federal wage and hour laws. Most do not. In order to pass the test, the intern must benefit more from the experience than does the employer.
Privacy Limits
In the widely followed workplace-privacy case City of Ontario v. Quon, the Supreme Court ruled June 17 that an employer could review employees' electronic activities if it has a reasonable purpose for the search and limits the search to that purpose.
In 2001, the Ontario, Calif., police department issued alphanumeric pagers to its SWAT team to improve internal communications. The plan allowed a limited number of messages each month. Sgt. Jeff Quon's superior told him that if he exceeded the limit, he could reimburse the city for overage charges and his account would not be audited.
After Quon continuously exceeded the limit, the department chief contacted the service provider to determine if the overages were work-related; if so, the department would consider increasing the plan's limit. Transcripts of Quon's messages revealed the officer had been using his pager for sexually explicit personal messages while on duty.
Quon sued the city and argued that the audit violated his Fourth Amendment rights. He also claimed he had a reasonable expectation of privacy because of his superior's statements. Ultimately, the Supreme Court ruled that the department's search was reasonable because it had a clear goal of determining whether to increase the pagers' messaging capacity. The court did not, however, address whether Quon's expectation of privacy was reasonable.
As companies revise their tech-related policies for 2011, Quon makes one thing clear: They must define rules and adhere to them to prevent blurred expectations.
"That policy has to be clear, communicated on a regular basis, and [companies] need to be careful that senior employees who may have authority to act on behalf of the company are not giving the policy a wink and a nod," says Matthew Ingber, partner at Mayer Brown and a columnist for InsideCounsel.com.
Benjamin Shatz, partner at Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, agrees. "Scrupulously following policy is essential: Don't say one thing and do another," he wrote in his Aug. 5 column on InsideCounsel.com. Shatz also adds that "the best approach ensures that policies explicitly enumerate all technologies and include catchall provisions."
Corruption Crackdown
It had all the elements of a Hollywood blockbuster, starting with a global cloak-and-dagger sting. FBI undercover agents posed as emissaries of an African government official seeking bribes in return for gun contracts. The unwitting targets attended a Las Vegas convention where federal officials swooped down on 21 executives and employees of military and police weapons supply companies. On Jan. 19, the Department of Justice described the operation as the largest single investigation of individuals in the history of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The Las Vegas arrests–and one later in Florida–demonstrated that small as well as large companies need to scrutinize their foreign business practices.
The stakes are high. In February, British defense contractor BAE Systems pleaded guilty to fraud and conspiracy charges, including lying about its FCPA compliance program. The company agreed to pay the U.S. government $400 million and settled with U.K. regulators for $45 million.
The splashy gun industry arrest, followed by the huge BAE Systems settlement, set the tone for a record year of FCPA enforcement activity. Miller & Chevalier reported that by the end of September, both the DOJ and the Securities and Exchange Commission had exceeded their 2009 totals of FCPA case dispositions. Investigators had another
140 cases underway.
Many of those pending cases involve Big Pharma. The 2010 targets included Merck, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Baxter International, Bristol-Myers Squibb and SciClone Pharmaceuticals, though the government hasn't yet filed any charges.
"This is likely to be a lengthy, industrywide investigation," Glen Donath, a partner at Katten Muchin Rosenman, told InsideCounsel in October. "It has the potential to dramatically reconfigure the way pharmaceutical and device companies run clinical trials and market drugs abroad."
Underprivileged Attorneys
In-house counsel have no "legal professional privilege," in their communications with their corporate clients, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled in its September decision in Akzo Nobel Chemicals v. European Commission. Specifically, the court ruled that communications are not privileged in European Union competition law cases and investigations.
In Akzo, investigators who raided the company's U.K. office examined e-mails between an in-house attorney and an Akzo executive. The company argued that the communications should have been protected under attorney-client privilege, but the ECJ disagreed.
The ruling reinforced the court's 1982 decision in AM & S Europe v. European Commission, which determined that in-house counsel are dependent on the companies they represent as employees and, therefore, cannot exercise the same impartiality that outside counsel provide.
Critics of the ECJ's decision, including the Association of Corporate Counsel, argue that the ruling is unfair because in-house counsel are bound by the same professional ethics as law firm attorneys and should therefore be afforded the same privilege with their clients.
Ben Heineman, former GC of GE, spoke out against the decision on the Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation blog. "The ECJ is oblivious to the importance of talented inside lawyers being part of the corporate culture," he wrote, "and thus more effective than outside lawyers in embedding compliance systems and processes in business operations to advance the fundamental corporate goals of high performance with
high integrity."
The decision serves as a warning to all in-house counsel practicing within the European Commission's jurisdiction to be aware of applicable European Union privilege law.
Bilski Business
Perhaps the biggest news in the intellectual property world this year came in June when the Supreme Court passed down its long-awaited decision in Bilski v. Kappos. The divided court ruled 5-4 that business methods can, in fact, be patented. Although the decision ultimately reaffirmed the traditional limits on patentability, the court ruled that the business method in Bilski was not patentable, thereby calling many existing business method patents into question.
"A lot of the patent community felt a little let down that the court didn't provide much guidance on what business methods could be patented and what would or would not constitute an abstract idea," says Banner and Witcoff Shareholder Brad Wright, who sat in on oral arguments for Bilski. "It was very clear to me and everyone else in the courtroom that Bilski wasn't going to get his patent, it was just a matter of what rationale [the Court was] going to use."
Bilski also struck down the Federal Circuit's bright-line standard machine-or-transformation test, which required a process to be "tied to a particular machine or apparatus" or transform "a particular article into a different state or thing" in order to be patentable. The justices said that while the test is a useful tool in evaluating patentability, it is not the sole test.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has given weight to the test though. The day Bilski was announced, it instructed examiners to apply the machine-or-transformation test to all processes, explaining in a guidance that processes that pass the test are "likely patent-eligible."
"Businesses applying for business method patents should include in those applications as much hardware and machinery as possible," Wright says. "If you can fit into the machine-or-transformation test, [the USPTO] is much more likely to issue a patent, and the courts are more likely to uphold it."
Girl Power
For the first time in history, women represent one-third of the Supreme Court.
Fifty-year-old Elena Kagan, successor to liberal Justice John Paul Stevens, in August joined Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor as the third active female justice and the fourth woman to ever serve on the court.
"Having a Supreme Court that more closely reflects the gender makeup of the population is a very encouraging signal to women at all levels in the [legal] profession," says Linda Coberly, a partner at Winston & Strawn.
Kagan was a policy adviser and associate counsel to President Bill Clinton, the first female dean of Harvard Law School and the first woman to serve as Solicitor General. However, critics were quick to point out that she is the first justice since former Chief Justice William Rehnquist, appointed in 1972, to join the court without prior judicial experience.
During his May 17 speech announcing her nomination, President Obama lauded Kagan's "understanding of law, not as an intellectual exercise or words on a page, but as it affects the lives of ordinary people." He also praised her defense of campaign finance reform in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the first case she argued as Solicitor General.
Although her blurry political leanings may give business cause for concern, it is yet to be seen how Kagan's judicial philosophy will affect future rulings; she has recused herself from many of the initial cases this term because of her prior involvement in them as Solicitor General.
"In most cases, businesses–like all litigants–are looking for judges who are very smart, analytically careful and fair," says Coberly. "There is every reason to believe that Justice Kagan has those qualities."
False Marks
The Federal Circuit's December 2009 decision in Forest Group, Inc. v. Bon Tool, Co., which changed both the interpretation of the false marking statute and the fines that can be imposed for violating it, opened the floodgates for a wave of false patent marking suits. The language of the statute calls for fines of "not more than $500 for every such offense" and, for years, courts had interpreted an "offense" to be one continuous violation. The Forest Group decision, however, reinterpreted "offense" to refer to each falsely marked article, meaning those hit with false marking suits were at risk of fines in the billions.
Plaintiffs took advantage of the new interpretation and in 2010 filed more than 450 false patent marking suits. However, in Pequignot v. Solo Cup Co., the Federal Circuit made false marking cases easier to defend against.
The decision elaborated on the standard for proving intent to deceive, says Banner & Witcoff Shareholder Binal Patel. The language of the false patent marking statute allows a lawsuit to be brought against anyone who falsely marks a patent "for the purpose of deceiving the public." The Federal Circuit's opinion in Solo Cup made it clear that negligence or recklessness alone were not enough to prove liability in false patent marking cases. Plaintiffs must prove intent to deceive–a much tougher standard.
Though courts have imposed limitations on false marking claims, Patel says Congress may step in to redefine the current statute.
"One bill that I've heard could move through Congress early next year would mean several changes," he says. "One is that the accused infringer must actually suffer some kind of competitive injury and the damages that the person can obtain would be limited to the injury that they actually suffered. The statute still has a $500 limit, but only the government could seek that amount. One final aspect is that it would be retroactive to all pending litigation."
Defense Decision
Part of the federal mail and wire fraud law, the "honest services" statute encompasses schemes or artifices "to deprive another of the intangible right of honest services." It has been used broadly by federal prosecutors in combating not just misconduct by public officials but also breaches of fiduciary duty by executives at public companies.
But in June, in U.S. v. Skilling, the Supreme Court sharply curtailed the use of the honest services statute as a catchall for prosecuting fraud, ruling that it only applies to cases of bribery and kickbacks and that any broader use makes the law "unconstitutionally vague."
The case before the court concerned Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron. The court vacated one count against him, as well as honest services fraud convictions of Conrad Black, former CEO of Hollinger International Inc., and former Alaska state legislator Bruce Weyhrauch. Also called into question by the ruling was the use of the statute in cases against former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich, former Alabama Gov. Don Siegelman and former HealthSouth CEO Richard Scrushy.
In September, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., introduced the Honest Services Restoration Act, which would re-expand the honest services statute to cover undisclosed self-dealing by public officials and corporate officers and directors.
Creative Billing
Innovative law departments looking for cost savings, predictability and risk-sharing backed away from the billable hour in favor of alternative fee arrangements (AFAs) in 2010. A majority–51 percent–of in-house counsel respondents to Fulbright & Jaworski's 2010 Litigation Trends survey said they used alternative fee arrangements, up from 45 percent last year.
The survey results reflected how customizable such arrangements can be, with no single billing model emerging as a norm for in-house counsel. Instead they relied on a mix of fixed fees, contingency fees, blended rates, fee caps and other performance- and reward-based fees.
In March, in-house lawyers and law firms shared their billing policies and AFA best practices with InsideCounsel, and reported that moving away from the billable hour led to better budget predictability and stronger, more aligned law firm relationships.
"We have a belief that in most cases hourly rates are destructive and inefficient, and they don't really equate to value," Andrew Schaeffer, managing counsel at DuPont, told InsideCounsel. "Just because something takes longer to do doesn't mean it brings more value to a client. The idea was to come up with alternatives to the straight hourly rate that would align with client's interest and also promote efficiencies so you would get it done faster."
Clause and Effect
The Supreme Court took on arbitration clauses in two 2010 cases exploring the scope of the Federal
Arbitration Act, with both business-friendly rulings relying on "the foundational FAA principle that arbitration is a matter of consent," as the majority put it in Stolt-Nielsen S.A. v. AnimalFeeds International Corp.
In the April 5-3 opinion in Stolt-Nielsen, the majority said that where an arbitration clause is silent on the issue of class arbitration, parties in a class action cannot be compelled to submit to arbitration. And in June, in Rent-A-Center, West, Inc. v. Jackson, the 5-4 majority said challenges to entire arbitration agreements can usually be arbitrated, although challenges to a specific agreement to arbitrate the validity of the agreement should be heard by a court.
"They're taking a pro-arbitration line and enforcing arbitration agreements as they're written, treating arbitration clauses as a typical contract that requires courts to enforce it as written," James P. Duffy, a DLA Piper partner, told InsideCounsel in August.
On the anti-arbitration front, the proposed Arbitration Fairness Act of 2009 attempted to invalidate agreements that compel arbitration, on the grounds that "a large and rapidly growing number of corporations are requiring millions of consumers and employees to give up their right to have disputes resolved by a judge or jury." In June, the Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law discharged it back to the full House Judiciary Committee, where it remained at press time.
In Too Deep
When news broke the night of April 20 about an explosion involving the Deepwater Horizon semi-submersible Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit in the Gulf of Mexico, no one suspected the situation would unfold as it did. But the Deepwater Horizon oil spill–also referred to as the BP oil spill–turned into the largest environmental disaster in U.S. history, resulting in deaths, billions of dollars in losses and myriad lawsuits.
The unit was owned and operated by offshore drilling contractor Transocean and leased by oil and gas company BP. The initial blast killed 11 workers and injured 17 others and began the flow of massive amounts of crude oil–estimated at about 62,000 barrels a day in the beginning–into the Gulf of Mexico. Over the next three months, the oil continued to spill into the waters off the coast of New Orleans. By the time engineers plugged the leak on July 15, an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil had spilled into the Gulf, devastating the fishing and tourism industries and leaving as yet undetermined damage to the ocean and coastal environments.
Not surprisingly, lawsuits immediately started popping up against both BP and Transocean. By June, more than 200 suits had been filed, including a number of class actions. Most of the suits seek damages for lost income for out-of-work fishermen and owners of resorts and restaurants that lost tourism business. Transocean hired Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom to handle its litigation, while BP employed Kirkland & Ellis.
BP's management team didn't go unscathed as a result of the spill. Although the company initially denied rumors its then-CEO Tony Hayward would resign, BP announced in late July that Hayward would be replaced by Bob Dudley, effective Oct. 1. Dudley, the first American to stand at the helm of the British company and a 30-year BP veteran, previously was a managing director and had been managing the spill response efforts.
As of early November, BP estimated the total cost of the spill would be upwards of $40 billion. At press time, BP had only paid $11.6 billion in total costs since the incident. The company still faces ongoing cleanup expenses, compensation claims and possibly a multibillion-dollar fine from the U.S. government.
C-Suite Scandal
Hewlett-Packard Co. has suffered through a tough decade. First, there was the controversial 2002 merger with Compaq, which Dell Inc. founder Michael Dell referred to as "the dumbest deal of the decade." Not long after it was clear the merger actually was proving to be successful, the company found itself in the news again–this time over the board's forced resignation of CEO Carly Fiorini in 2005. The following year, the company was confronted with an infamous spying scandal, in which HP's GC and chairwoman hired a team of independent investigators to spy on board members and journalists to uncover the source of an information leak.
It seemed putting the 2000s behind it and starting fresh in the new decade was in the cards for the information technology giant this year. But there was one more scandal lurking for HP, this one in the form of Mark Hurd, who had replaced Fiorini as CEO in 2005.
On Aug. 6, Hurd, who is married, resigned amid allegations that he sexually harassed Jodie Fisher, a marketing consultant for the company as well as a former actress and reality-television personality. Although HP determined that Hurd did not violate its sexual harassment policy, it did discover that the CEO had falsified expense reports to the tune of $20,000 in an effort to cover up his personal relationship with Fisher. The company also found evidence that Fisher was paid for work she never actually did. Upon his departure, Hurd received $12.2 million in severance and almost $35 million in vested stock.
Few tears were shed by Hurd, however. Exactly one month later, he was named co-president and board member of Oracle Corp. The same day Oracle made the announcement, HP filed suit against Hurd seeking to prevent the move, claiming the former CEO would inevitably reveal trade secrets to Oracle.
But the suit was short-lived. Only a couple of weeks later, HP settled with Hurd, who agreed to give up millions of dollars in stock options but got to keep his position with Oracle. HP issued a statement saying it believed Hurd "will adhere to his obligations to protect HP's confidential information."
Game Changer
The Supreme Court's Jan. 21 ruling in Citizens United v. FEC landed with fanfare and controversy, and the country continued to feel its impact through the midterm elections in November. The 5-4 majority in Citizens United overruled two precedents to strike down provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002, or McCain-Feingold. The ruling said that prohibiting corporations from paying for certain "electioneering communications" in advance of an election infringes on their First Amendment rights.
The majority opinion hinged on corporate personhood, or the concept that corporations are entitled to the same rights as natural persons. The public outcry was immediate: a Washington Post/ABC News poll found that 80 percent of Americans opposed the decision. President Obama expressed his disagreement with the majority, and politicians began crafting legislative fixes. Critics said the decision would open the floodgates of corporate spending in elections.
The midterm elections provided an early barometer. On Oct. 18, as the country was embroiled in congressional campaigning, the non-profit Campaign Finance Institute released a study showing that independent campaign spending by organizations other than political parties was up 73 percent compared to the same period in 2008. The Campaign Media Analysis Group estimated spending on political television ads would hit $3 billion, surpassing the $2.4 billion spent in the 2006 midterms.
Toyota Troubles
Five months passed between the infamous Lexus ES 350 crash (pictured)–which involved the car accelerating uncontrollably and killing all four passengers–and the massive recall of millions of Toyota's popular vehicles.
The recall was announced Jan. 21. It was the auto giant's attempt to fix a problem that could cause accelerator pedals to stick even without the presence of floor mats, which Toyota had determined in November 2009 to be the problem. Less than a week later, Toyota widened the recall to include even more of its vehicles, and only a few days after that, on Jan. 29, the company announced a recall of its cars throughout Europe. But in those five months, news reports of accidents and deaths caused by the mysterious acceleration problem had been mounting.
Soon after Toyota announced the recalls, the lawsuits started rolling in, including the first class action suit ever filed against the Japanese automaker. On Jan. 31, two firms–Parker Waichman Alonso and the Becnel Law Firm–joined forces against Toyota. The suit alleges that, as a result of the recalls, Toyota owners lost the use of their vehicles and sustained economic losses and emotional distress. The complaint charged Toyota with breach of implied warranty and negligence, seeking compensatory, punitive and exemplary damages for the plaintiffs.
The following month, Congress subpoenaed former Toyota senior in-house counsel Dimitrios Biller. The company had forced Biller to resign in 2007 after he complained Toyota was covering up known design defects in its cars. Biller had filed suit against Toyota in July 2009 for wrongful termination, but a California court prevented him from going public with the information he had.
"The information … I have regarding Toyota's deceptive and illegal discovery practices will one day become publicly available," Biller said in an ABC Nightly News interview in February. "Our judicial system, government and the American people need to know how Toyota operates with total disregard of our laws."
By May, Toyota paid $16.4 million to U.S. regulators to settle allegations that it was too slow in recognizing and correcting the accelerator problem. Despite an apology by Toyota President Akio Toyoda's, the PR damage was done.
"People want to see a company take full responsibility, be empathic to the victims and their families and be in control by outlining the problem and how they intend to solve it. They also expect the CEO to be doing all this," crisis management specialist Ong Hock Chuan told Reuters after Toyoda's apology. "Toyota seems to have failed on all counts."
Toyota went on to announce two more recalls in 2010. In May, it recalled its Lexus LS sedans due to a steering system problem, and in October it recalled several Toyota and Lexus models over a potential brake fluid leak.
Despite all the negative press, Toyota announced in early November its third-quarter net income quadrupled over the same period in 2009. Toyota attributed its success to strong sales and cost-cutting measures.
Dangerous Disclosures
In-house counsel continued to take the lead in fighting ongoing attempts by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to expand disclosure requirements for loss contingencies. Proposed Financial Accounting Standard 5 (FAS 5) is a slightly diluted revision of a 2008 proposal that also generated a corporate outcry. Even with the changes, public companies still fear the requirement that they disclose the amount of money they've set aside for litigation, regulatory matters and settlements. More than 150 corporate legal officers from companies including AT&T, Google and Intel have signed on to a comments letter to FASB circulated by the Association of Corporate Counsel (ACC).
The letter outlines some of the ACC's major concerns with the proposed rule, including the assertion that disclosing specific accrual amounts for a litigation would expose companies to increased liability and litigation, create a tension concerning waiver of attorney-client privilege and work-product protection, and create a "settlement floor" for plaintiffs. In addition, the letter says, such disclosures "would provide a window into management's evolving view of the matter and provide plaintiffs' attorneys with a road map of the company's litigation strategy."
On Oct. 28, FASB announced it was backing away from a Dec. 15 effective date and would resume work on FAS 5 in June 2011.
Proper Practices
This year, two cases changed the class action landscape for employers. Although different, the decisions handed down just a few weeks apart in Dukes v. Wal-Mart and Velez v. Novartis Pharma Corp. got the attention of employers and may have prompted legal departments to re-examine their employment practices.
The Dukes case against Wal-Mart centered on class certification. In its decision, the 9th Circuit upheld class action certification for the largest class ever–1.5 million current and former female Wal-Mart employees who claimed the company discriminated against them in pay and promotion opportunities. The decision made it easier for plaintiffs to certify a class and harder for a company to defend itself. It also opened the door for massive class actions against other large employers, though the Supreme Court may weigh in. In August, Wal-Mart petitioned for Supreme Court review, and in October, the plaintiffs filed in opposition. The high court's decision on granting cert was pending at press time.
In Velez, a federal court handed down the largest ever class action discrimination award. The class of 5,600 current and former female employees of Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp. claimed the company discriminated against them in pay, promotion and pregnancy-related matters. In May, a jury awarded them $3.36 million in compensatory damages and $250 million in punitive damages. Rather than appeal, the company settled the case in July, agreeing to pay up to $152.5 million to class members and to spend an additional $22.5 million to improve complaint processes, personnel oversight and performance assessments.
The cases serve as a reminder to employers to make sure their policies and practices are in line with their equal employment opportunity goals.
"Do what you can to make yourself an uninviting target so people are less inclined to sue you," Fisher & Phillips Partner Ann Margaret Pointer told InsideCounsel in August. "Once in the target range, you need to use every resource to look at the facts and know what shape you're in."


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Our Price: £3.95 incl VAT
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The latest single origin, 47% cocoa, milk chocolate bar from Michel Cluizel. Using Trinitario cocoa from the Maralumi plantation in Papua New Guinea.
Michel Cluizel of France
Often referred to as 'The Goldsmith of Chocolate', Michel Cluizel is one of the finest chocolate makers in the world today. Creating superior quality chocolates since 1947 and as a true 'cacaofevier' (bean to bar maker). Producing single origin chocolate bars & gifts made with only high quality, pure ingredients, without vegetable fats and using only 100% cocoa butter and Bourbon vanilla pod in replace of flavouring.
Read more about Michel Cluizel >
May contain traces of nuts & gluten
Nutrition Facts:
Serv size: 0.57 pieces (about 40g), servings per container: 1.75
Calories 239
Fat cal. 162
Total fat 18g (26%DV)
Sat fat 11g (56%DV)
Trans fat 1g
Sodium 20mg (1%DV)
Total Carb 13g (5%DV)
Fiber 2g (7%DV)
Sugars 13g
Protein 4g (9%DV)
Vitamin A (6%DV)
Vitamin C (2%DV)
Calcium (1%DV)
Iron (13%DV)
Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Not a significant source of Cholesterol.
Energy (per 100g) 2499.3KJ / 597.9 kCal
Fat 45g
Sat fat 27.g
Carbohydrates 33.4g of which sugars 33.4g
Protein 10.5g
Salt 0.12g
Posted Fri 10 Jun 2011 4.25pm by cheryl
Yes the berry notes do come through in this milk chocolate bar as the write-up suggests. Very nice chocolate indeed and one to really ponder I found. Usually a milk chocolate is sort of one dimensional which I suppose because it contains mostly sugar but this did have an extra edge. Glad I ordered it bought a mix of different milk chocolate bars online and had chocolate tasting night with friends once delivered (very quick). They are all converted to the decent stuff now.
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Janesville, low on road salt, will mix it with sand
JANESVILLE--The city of Janesville, blazing through its stockpile of salt to combat this season's seemingly endless cycle of snow and ice, has begun mixing salt with sand to conserve supplies.
Crews already have used about 6,500 tons of salt this season. That's already more than the typical 4,000 to 5,000 tons the city uses in an entire season, said John Whitcomb, director of operations.
Janesville isn't the only city experiencing severe winter weather, and a national demand is heightening the shortage, Whitcomb said.
"The deliveries just aren't coming in," Whitcomb said. "The salt business is a funny business. When it's snowing, everybody wants salt at the same time."
"The northeast has been pounded, along with we in the Midwest and now down south."
It is not known when, or even if, the city will get another load delivered, Whitcomb said.
"So we wanted to be a little prudent and cautious here," Whitcomb said.
At the beginning of the season, the city's two storage sheds were filled with 4,400 tons of salt. It later purchased another 4,000 tons and now has asked to exercise a contract option to buy another 1,600 tons.
Whitcomb put in the order for the remaining 1,600 tons but received only 500 tons. The city doesn't know when the vendor will be able to bring more salt, and that is part of the issue, Whitcomb said.
The city has about 2,400 tons on hand.
Salt costs $56.92 per ton, a cost that has doubled over Whitcomb's 14 seasons on the job, he noted. The city gets its sand from Janesville Sand and Gravel, and it is not expensive.
The mix of salt and sand means snow may not clear from streets as quickly as it would with pure salt because sand has no melting capacity. Packed snow might remain longer on some main streets.
Still, the grit will provide traction for vehicles.
"If the rest of the winter plays out like the first half, it will be a good move," Whitcomb said of mixing the sand and salt.
"If it's a typical rest of the season, at some point we'll be able to stop using the mix and get back to the normal procedures."
"We just want to be prudent," he said. "You never know what's going to get thrown at you, weatherwise.
"This has been anything but a typical season," Whitcomb said. "We're over 36 inches of snow, which is about our average, with three freezing rain events, two of which were very substantial. We used a lot of salt," he said.
Whitcomb said he doesn't specifically budget for freezing events, but that might change.
"It seems that may be becoming the new normal," Whitcomb said.
"For the first half of my tenure in this position, they were pretty few and far between. It seems to be becoming more common. We may need to review our policies … maybe put some (salt in the budget) specifically for freezing rain events," he said.
"I hope it's not the new normal."
For now, "We'll plan for the worst but hope for the best—that these deliveries will trickle in or spring will show up," Whitcomb said.
The winter's fallout will continue in spring when sweepers will need to remove the sand residue from streets.
That could mean an extra week added to the street sweeping cycle.


text:
Final push puts Bonds in starting lineup
Slugger moved by fans' drive to get him to 14th All-Star Game
By Chris Haft / MLB.com
The 2003 season marked the introduction of the Player Ballot to the All-Star selection process. Each league's players, managers and coaches elect eight position players and eight pitchers from their league. Catchers and infielders who finish in the top two at their position on the Player Ballot, and outfielders among the top six, are assured of making the All-Star Team. In instances where the winners of the Player Ballot are also fan-elected starters, the player with the next highest amount of votes on the Player Ballot makes the All-Star Team. Eight pitchers - five starters and three relievers - become All-Stars through the Player Ballot. The manager of each World Series team from the prior season - in this year's case, Detroit's Jim Leyland and St. Louis' Tony La Russa - then fills the remaining slots on their respective teams, ensuring that one player from all 30 clubs is named to the All-Star Game.
Chris Haft is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text:
Kolste bill targets student debt
MADISON—Rep. Debra Kolste, D-Janesville, on Wednesday unveiled a bill designed to reduce what she called "the crippling burden of student debt in Wisconsin.''
Kolste is a lead author of the bill along with Rep. Cory Mason, D-Racine, and Sen. Dave Hansen, D-Green Bay.
"Under current law, student debt can't be refinanced,'' Kolste said. "That makes it different from credit card debt, auto loans or any other kind of consumer debt. Why are students singled out for special, unfair treatment?''
The Higher Ed, Lower Debt Bill would allow student debt to be refinanced and directs the Higher Education Aids Board to develop a program to help refinance student loans.
The bill also:
-- Creates a state tax deduction for payments on student loans and expands the income tax deduction for higher education tuition expenses.
-- Creates at truth-in-student-loan transparency program ensuring that students and parents have easy-to-understand loan information and loan counseling.
-- Provides for better tracking of student loan debt information by standardizing data collected from all Wisconsin institutions of higher learning.
"Nationally, student debt exceeds every other category except mortgage debt,'' Kolste noted. "Students owe a staggering $1.2 trillion. University of Wisconsin System tuition has risen far faster than wages.''


text:
Fun in the Sun!
Student Events Board and Greek Life hosted an afternoon of fun in the sun on campus by the sand volleyball court. Student spent the afternoon sunbathing, tie-dying t-shirts, playing corn hole and volleyball, and enjoying a cookout. What a fun way to kick off the first weekend on campus!


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You've probably heard conflicting reports about cancer prevention. Sometimes the specific Cancer Prevention tip recommended in one study or news report is advised against in another.
In many cases, what is known about cancer prevention is still evolving. However, it's well accepted that your chances of developing Cancer are affected by the lifestyle choices you make.
So if you're concerned about cancer prevention, take comfort in the fact that some simple lifestyle changes can make a big difference. Consider these seven cancer prevention tips.
1. Don't use tobacco
Using any type of tobacco puts you on a collision course with cancer. Smoking has been linked to various types of cancer — including cancer of the Lung, Bladder, Cervix and Kidney. And chewing tobacco has been linked to cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas. Even if you don't use tobacco, exposure to secondhand smoke might increase your risk of Lung Cancer.
Avoiding tobacco — or deciding to stop using it — is one of the most important health decisions you can make. It's also an important part of cancer prevention. If you need help quitting tobacco, ask your doctor about stop-smoking products and other strategies for quitting.
2. Eat a healthy diet
Although making healthy selections at the grocery store and at mealtime can't guarantee cancer prevention, it might help reduce your risk. Consider these guidelines:
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Base your diet on fruits, vegetables and other foods from plant sources — such as whole grains and beans.
Limit fat. Eat lighter and leaner by choosing fewer high-fat foods, particularly those from animal sources. High-fat diets tend to be higher in calories and might increase the risk of overweight or obesity — which can, in turn, increase cancer risk.
If you choose to drink alcohol, do so only in moderation. The risk of various types of cancer — including cancer of the breast, colon, lung, kidney and liver — increases with the amount of alcohol you drink and the length of time you've been drinking regularly.
3. Maintain a healthy weight and be physically active
Maintaining a healthy weight might lower the risk of various types of cancer, including cancer of the Breast, prostate, lung, Colonand kidney.
Physical activity counts, too. In addition to helping you control your weight, physical activity on its own might lower the risk ofBreast Cancer and colon cancer.
Adults who participate in any amount of physical activity gain some health benefits. But for substantial health benefits, strive to get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes a week of vigorous aerobic physical activity. You can also do a combination of moderate and vigorous activity. As a general goal, include at least 30 minutes of physical activity in your daily routine — and if you can do more, even better.