text:
You know you're "addicted" to tea when ....
Probably already said but, when people ask what you do for a hobby or for fun. Tea is the only thing you can think of.
When I tell people I like tea, this is usually how the conversation goes.
Me: I love tea!
Them: Oh me too!
Me: Really? What kinds of tea do you like?
Them: Oh, all kinds!
Me: …Like?
Them: Um………..I like Celestial Seasonings I guess.
And then I feel silly for getting excited.
…Or they just say, looking at your fervor as if you are odd, "ahh…mint." And you get that deflated feeling. No offense to mint lovers, I happen to absolutely adore mint: tisanes, in blends, whatever…it's just when the conversation ends limply like that…
Or they tell you they drink tea all day, and it turns out that they meant diet Snapple Peach Iced Tea. sad.
yup, I have one friend who has lipton brisk as his go-to tea (also loves the better stuff though) another who drinks bigalow green tea almost exclusively, though she cycles though stash fruity greens too.
What about having a husband who just the other day brought home a jug each of sweet and unsweetened black tea along with raspberry lemonade, orange juice and a snapple mango drink. I glared at him and he responded "What? I was thirsty!" I told him he could text me anytime from work and I will make him a pitcher of iced tea, he has his own tins! "Well", he said, "I never think of it".
And the next morning, the toddler opens the fridge, sees the jugs and says "I want ice tea". "How about I brew you some tea?". "No I want iced tea", "I can make you iced tea", "No I want this", "Not even raspberry?", "No". So I cut it with water. Sigh.
Let's not get into how ancient the bags of tea are in my mom's cupboard, most were herbal but that Darjeeling in the back was probably picked up by my dad, in the Navy, 40 years ago. And she tried to tell me about the benefits of green tea when I was brewing for her. That's okay, she got Verdant greens and a Zojirushi for Christmas and her birthday yesterday!
When the inside of your cupboard is a full inventory of what different tea's you've got in storage and what the container they're in look like.
When your desk at work contains more tea caddys than work related items.
When the two best moments of your day is the first – and the last cup of tea.
When you've got two different types of cups for coffee… and everything else is meant for tea.
When you're on a students budget and quite happily spend most of your budget on tea.
When you leave for a week long vacation, your suitcase contains 3 sets of clothes, 1 travel kettle, two cups and 10 different kinds of tea.
When you return from said vacation with at least double the amount of tea you started out with.
When leaving the house on your way to an appointment you grab the latest Upton catalog in case you might have to wait.
I came up with a few more overnight ;)
- When your dentist suggest that drinking less tea might save you money on getting them cleaned.
- When you mother in law gives your a beautiful old teapot that has been in the family for generations because 'You'll give it more love'.
- When people ask you to make tea when you visit them
- When all you get for christmas is tea cups, without haven asked for them! (and boy was I happy)
- When your mother knows nothing will make you happier than getting a tea tin as a surprise present
- When the mind numbing day at work is the best of the week, cause it allows you to drink tea for 8 hours straight.
When the tea ladies at your local tea house tell other customers to ask you which tea to recommend, because you've tried nearly all of them.
When you are offended that with the 100 or so varieties of tea you have in your home, your sitter refuses to drink it & has the never to ask you if you have some simple Red Rose, Twinnings etc. Or as he put it "normal tea". I even offered to buy him some loose leaf brekfast tea or earl grey (they aren't kinds I drink), he still refuses & wants bagged tea :( I give up
or they'll call it "plain tea…just plain tea…" I'm sorry, I don't carry that brand.
Inexplicable! Or…when you painstakingly brew the perfect cup of loose leaf tea, secretly, for a relative… that is in the same family of the bagged tea that your relative drinks…and he just drinks it, completely not appreciating that there is even a difference…He doesn't smack his lips and say, "now hey there, THIS is what real tea should taste like!" Lol to each his own, more for me!
Finding this site after Googling storing tea in mason jars. If I can save money on tea storage then I can spend more money on tea and other needed teaware.
Realizing that most of my compost pile is tea leaves. Way more that a 2:1 ratio I believe, but most of the veggie scraps go to the chickens.
Telling your husband that "We have to talk…" and the conversation is about him interfering with your tea consumption habit by being so demanding of your time that you can't properly brew enough pots of tea every day. (Just 3-4 pots of tea caused me to have withdrawals) To which he responds with, "Well isn't there something that you can put your tea and water in and push a button and it does all the work for you like my coffee pot?" Yes, yes there is.
Calculating how much you spent on tea that you actually drank during the time he was underfoot and telling him how much it cost you per day to drink tea, knowing that it was much less than he spends on his daily 3-7 pot per day coffee habit. To which his response was "I will never say another word about your tea habit again, I didn't realize you spent so little"
Feeling giddy and excited when he said those words to me. Spending New Years Eve at home with him while looking at Japanese tea websites. Realizing that I was ordering tea at midnight, thinking that is a lucky omen that it will be a good year.
Reading this thread, while drinking 4 pots of tea, coming across things that were new to me, researching them, and not feeling so alone in my obsession.
Since I am still somewhat new to my tea addiction and have caught myself trying to figure out how to take real tea out to eat with me, calling FedEx when it looked like my package was going to be delayed and I was afraid of running out of jasmine green, (won't let that happen again) wondering how to assemble a travel tea set and matching food to my tea menu.
What really has me concerned about my new addiction to tea is when the thought crossed my mind about possibly downsizing my wine collection to make room for more tea stuff. See I can drink tons of tea and drive down the road, can't legally do that with wine.
You plan a girls' day at the mall with the intention of tricking your friends into going to the tea shop and becoming as hooked as you so you can all go buy tea at the same time to get a larger bulk discount so you can afford your 5-pots-a-day chai habit. True story. Didn't work. Anyone wanna go tea shopping with me?
yah, tea planning with friends fails for me too, even the ones who also drink tea.
Ok, just for fun I looked to see what state you live in. I'm in MN too – up in Blaine – lol.
That's not SO bad, I have family in Blaine! There's got to be a place with volume tea discounts somewhere between there and Plymouth :D
When the local university's tea club tries to recruit you (and you're not even a student but you sign up anyway), and you tell them all about Steepster..
When you spend more time on Steepster than you do on Facebook, twitter, pinterest and tumblr combined…
that's hitting the nail on the head! hah i spend more time on here than all of those other sites combined easy.
When your family starts saying you need to stop buying tea because you have too many. And then they say you have a problem when you don't.
When purchasing tea becomes exhilarating. There's no such thing as "buyer's remorse"!
When you have difficulty on deciding which tea you are in the mood to drink on a daily basis, especially after a long day during which you haven't been able to drink tea.
& Yes
Although I probably do have a problem :/
A day during which you can't make a constant flow of tea?! Tragic!!! I think I might actually die if I couldn't have at LEAST two refills of my 1.8L kettle worth of tea in a day!
Usually I'm too occupied to notice, but when I do, I think about which tea I could be drinking. And the cringe because I can't have it. >.<
I forgot to add this: last week I smuggled tea into my house for the first time and hid it. Never thought I'd cross that line.
Hiding tea. Shame shame haha
Just now, I told my father that I had recently began writing tea reviews here, and he replied that I'm "beginning to be obsessive about tea." I never felt so proud of my love for tea!


text:
Local Army reservist, dentist calls Afghanistan deployment "humbling"
Donald Gundlach thought he was prepared for the challenges and dangers of working as a military dentist in a war zone.
The local dentist and Army reservist handled many root canals, broken teeth, extractions and abscesses and responded to mass casualties flowing into the large military base at Kandahar in southern Afghanistan. Sometimes language was a barrier for Afghan patients and coalition forces from other countries.
And then there were the patients who only barked.
"I didn't really expect to work on dogs," said Gundlach, who arrived home from Afghanistan late last week in time to observe Veterans Day on Monday. He is regional clinic director for Dental Associates, overseeing clinics in Franklin, Sturtevant and Kenosha.
During his 100-day deployment to Afghanistan, Gundlach's patients included six military guard and bomb-sniffing dogs; he performed a total of 10 canine root canals and four tooth extractions.
Gundlach, 51, had never worked on dogs, but once he got the hang of it, it actually was easier because a dog's mouth is bigger. And a root canal or extraction was pretty much the same regardless of whether it was teeth or fangs.
"The handlers were like expectant fathers. They were pacing the hallways. They were nervous, so concerned about their dogs," said Gundlach, a lieutenant colonel. "That was actually very rewarding. As soon as I got really good at working on dogs, I left."
Though the U.S. military offers programs that pay for dental school in return for several years of commitment, Gundlach didn't join the Army Reserves until 2000, 12 years after he graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Dentistry.
He volunteered to go to Afghanistan in August, his first deployment to a combat zone. Gundlach, who lives in Lake Geneva, was in charge of dental teams from Britain and the United States, handling dental emergencies at the Kandahar base.
Coalition forces from several countries, including Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania, Jordan and Afghanistan, visited the clinic for routine dental care because it was much better than what they received back home. And U.S. military dentists used anesthesia during dental procedures, a rarity in those countries.
Common injuries Gundlach saw among U.S. forces were broken teeth, probably from grinding due to combat stress, as well as clogged saliva glands, which produced tiny stones of mineral deposits under tongues or embedded in cheeks. Gundlach suspects it was from dehydration when soldiers didn't drink enough fluids.
Medical emergencies
He and the dental teams also responded to mass casualties. Usually dentists handle triage, separating patients according to severity of injury, but in most cases that was already done by the time victims began arriving by helicopter and ambulance. So Gundlach and the dental teams helped where they could.
It was an eye-opening experience. Gundlach held up intestines while doctors searched for bullet and shrapnel injuries, he helped people whose limbs had been blown off, and he cleaned up the bloody mess left behind on stretchers.
One injured soldier suffered numerous shrapnel wounds to his neck and a leg injury. A day after being treated in the ER, he went to the dental clinic because his mouth hurt.
"I don't know how it happened, but he had a number of broken teeth. … To be able to work on that guy, to help him out was truly a highlight and an honor," said Gundlach, a Chicago native.
Gundlach is not the only veteran working for Dental Associates, Wisconsin's largest family-owned dental group practice. Seven of the firm's 10 clinics are led by current or former military dentists. The company has 22 dentists and directors who are veterans, as well as many other employees, including hygienists and dental assistants, who have served in the military.
"I would say it's unusual to have the number (of veterans and military members) we have," said John Cuddy, director of the Appleton clinic on College Ave.
Cuddy, 71, joined the Army in 1969 during the Vietnam War after attending Marquette University's dental school. He spent three decades in the Army, stationed in Iran, Germany and Italy, and rose through the ranks until becoming deputy surgeon general and chief of the Army Dental Corps before retiring as a major general.
"When I came in there were around 2,000 dentists in the Army. Today we probably have somewhere around 900. As the forces were reduced, of course the support to those forces reduces," Cuddy said.
A reason to smile
Terrence Murphy, director of Dental Associates' Greenville practice and a retired Army colonel, was the Forces Command dental surgeon before retiring in 2006. He was the senior dental adviser for more than 700,000 active, Guard and Reserve soldiers and oversaw dental issues for all deploying soldiers.
While the patient population naturally skews much younger in the military compared to a much wider age range in the civilian world, Murphy said, fixing teeth, relieving pain and giving people a reason to smile are the same.
"Clinically there's no real difference. When you get down to a patient in the chair, it's a patient in the chair. The biggest difference in the military is deployability," said Murphy, who joined the Army in 1981. "Commanders don't want to worry about dental issues six months into a deployment."
As Gundlach returns to work later this week, he has a newfound respect for his fellow soldiers. Though the technical skills he has honed in decades of dentistry haven't changed—except for now being able to handle dogs with toothaches—Gundlach said his deployment to Afghanistan was humbling.
"You could see some soldiers that were exhausted and dirty and I would say 'Well, why don't you spend the night and come back and see me in the morning.' These guys were just beat, and they needed a break," said Gundlach. "I know I'm treating a patient. I'm not just treating teeth."
Last updated: 8:53 am Saturday, November 16, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A server and a user walk into a bar.
The server orders a martini. The user says, "Aren't you supposed to be the server?"
The server says, "Oops, there was an error."
Sorry you couldn't do what you were trying to. Our system has been notified, and we'll fix it as soon as possible.


text:
The Fiber Disease
Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine. Anything human!
Moderator: BioTeam
i have heard conflicting reports on just what exactly the fibers are comprised of... cellulose or silicon?... organic or non-organic?... can anyone elaborate?...
one of the blogs on mw says the fibers are non-organic and have high thermal properties (fire/heat resistant)... and so their argument is that they could not possibly have been produced from within the human body...
http://morgellonswatch.wordpress.com/20 ... primetime/
but look at one method used to wound and dose wheat embryos with agrobacterium... what could this imply?...
or, are the fibers comprised of cellulose and more along the lines of fungal hyphae?... look at how this species of agrobacterium causes hairy root syndrome and creates a perfect home for certain species of heterodera...
agrobacterium can mediate fungi as well as plants and crops...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
and, some species of fungi are natural nematode killers... evidentally, the nematodes are actually attracted to the fungi...
and, meloidogyne and heterodera juveniles are also used to vector agrobacterium...
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/ ... 043.x/abs/
there is a connection here somewhere people... we need to focus on it and find it...
I agree. The agrobacterium looks like the pods type things we get and. the fiber is in there also.
Now, if the fibers were our protein leaving the body, then how did it get that way? Why would it be forced to leave our nerves or muscles as protein, unless the agrobacterium has a gene altering transferon in it. If we can find the original patent on the agrobacterium, the Promoter gene, the transferon, and operon that causes the quorum sensing to take place, then maybe we can find exactly what the fiber is.
The other scenario would be that the fiber is a catalyst and is used as a transfer to us by way of non organic fiber, and the only way that could be done would be by chemtrail spraying or by being included in the shotgun DNA transfer to the plants we eat. Then it would be in our gut, from there it would move around the body, either looking for proteins to destroy, or for DNA mutation into the human being by way of gut biofilm. Now, this is done by way of replacing the protein. So, if it replaces and destroys a protein's life force, then does the protein as it dies, leave our bodies?
The other thing is the protein shotgunned into the plants could be attracting other insects and worms to live inside the plant itself. If you look at potatoes, and radishes, you can see how they have changed. The plants with stalks, broccoli, corn,
cauliflower, etc. The celery has changed, it has lost it's groove.
Does that make sense?
If not please come on back at me.
Skytroll and Maf- whoa ho ho> Good Job and thank you!
Sky, yeah let's go to the conference! Lord, I would go postal on them! haha That first one started today Sky in La Jolla!
OKAY don't miss this: It's some stuff I put together on the fibers!
Check it out:
Here is some more info I have on fibers! A must see.
http://www.verrillon.com/HARSH%20COATIN ... burn%3F%22
and oh my, check this one out:
This is similar to the one above, but it explains it better.
Next, it's textile fibers and their conversion
Dont miss this one! NASA device gives a new dimension to cell science it's the health bioreactor!! YIPPY....
or this other format:
Then this one is on silicone for water logged wood and rope
and OMG, look! it's states the "Ebola Virus and also talks about an intestinal parasite from imported fruit."Bioreactor: Ground-based research results"
okay, now this is a photo and brief synopsis of the "Tools" they play with......NOTE* make sure you scroll down to the last paragraph titled
the "commercial Sector" and click on the the hyperlink in the middle of that paragraph>man, this explains it even farther.
and what in the hell is this????????? rollercell? Hmmmmm.....
Now here you go, it's the full spectrum too><>>>>> It's the Genetic Codes!
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Ut ... ode=c#SG11
and for what it's worth, here is something else that is kind of interesting.
http://www.biocompare.com/contents/0/Bi ... icles.html
and lastly, from the above, I got this:
The Proteomics Workhorse: Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers
Skytroll, 4 you:
http://www.bdal.com/modux3/modux3.php?p ... eight=1024
and this too:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Br ... e=1&unlock
National Institutes of Health
In 1994, NASA and the National Institutes of Health signed an interagency agreement to provide NASA bioreactor technology to NIH and to establish a joint Center for Three Dimensional Tissue Culture at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Since the original agreement, the bioreactor has been incorporated into more than a dozen laboratories within NIH.
The bioreactor is an excellent example of how the skills and resources of two distinctly different agencies can complement each other for the public good. Where NASA is chartered to explore and exploit space, NIH is chartered to develop tools to defeat disease.
This new center is conducting 16 bioreactor research projects. Foremost among these is the first in vitro tissue system permitting the study of the HIV pathway through the human lymphatic tissue. The other 15 projects address a range of human health issues. NASA bioreactor technology is used within several NIH institutes and other agencies covering virtually all of human health: allergies, dentistry, the human genome, digestive and kidney disease, neurology, and heart, lung, and circulatory health.
At the NASA/NIH Center for Three Dimensional Tissue Culture, scientists use tonsil tissue to grow live Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) ( how nice of them!? )and thus observe more closely the transmission of the virus. The cultures have demonstrated the same progressive loss of CD4 T-cells as seen in AIDS patients. The NASA/NIH Center also is studying an intestinal parasite found on some imported fruit.
I hope I'm helping now, what do you think Randy? See, it's not all London, London, London, it's more like Greedy Biotech and
a hateful, sneaky, lying gov't that allows this.
Last edited by London on Wed Oct 04, 2006 1:49 am, edited 1 time in total.
some useless disinformation to add to an illness on some planet in orbit around some human EGO?
Regulation of Fungal Invasive Growth
Abstract: This research project investigates the regulation of invasive growth in fungal organisms. In mammals, the ability to invade normal tissue barriers is an important attribute of metastatic cancer cells and of cells in the developing embryo. In contrast, in the adult regulatory interactions with the substratum control cell proliferation and apoptosis. This regulation by substratum is commonly lost upon malignant transformation. The goal of this research is to understand regulatory interactions with substratum. The fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae will be used as model systems because fungal cells also interact with substratum. In the opportunistic pathogen, C. albicans, interactions with the substratum may be important in promoting invasive growth of the organism within the tissues of a host. Thus, studies of C. albicans invasive growth will also contribute to the understanding of a process that plays an important role in disease. C. albicans responds to the presence of substratum by producing invasive filamentous hyphae, which penetrate into the matrix. Culture of C. albicans cells within surrounding matrix promotes rapid production of hyphae. Genetic analysis of this process has led to the identification of two gene products that are needed for normal hyphal production in response to surrounding matrix. S. cerevisiae also responds to the presence of substratum by undergoing invasive growth, although, in this organism, invasion is not associated with a dramatic change in morphology. S. cerevisiae homologues of the C. albicans genes described above are needed for normal invasive growth. Therefore, studies in S. cerevisiae will be performed in order to develop detailed molecular hypotheses for the function of the genes. Studies in C. albicans will test the generality of the hypotheses developed in S. cerevisiae. Experiments are proposed to identify interactors that bind to the gene products of interest and to elucidate the pathways in which these gene products participate.
Title: Silk Protein Polymer Designs for Improved Expression and Processing
Abstract: Silk fibers formed by insects and spiders are noted for their remarkable mechanical properties as well as their durability and biocompatibility. The exceptional solubility in vivo (20-30% w/v) of these proteins is dictated by both the need to produce solid fibers with a high packing fraction and the high mesogen concentration required for lyotropic liquid crystalline spinning, while also achieving high end mechanical properties for survival (orb webs, cocoons). A further design requirement for silk proteins is the predominance of hydrophobic amino acid residues to provide for hydrophobic interactions, water exclusion, and beta-crystallite formation to produce these strong insoluble threads. Thus the domain structure of silk proteins to accommodate high solubility of hydrophobic proteins in aqueous solution but also to permit the formation of water-insoluble final products (fibers) is critical. Additionally, silk proteins need to avoid premature precipitation as β-sheets during storage and processing. Combining knowledge of the solution state behavior, protein folding requirements and silk genetic/protein designs employing complex block-copolymer attributes, offers new experimental directions in the construction, expression and assembly of silk proteins that can help overcome longstanding limitations with silk production in heterologous systems. These studies also offer unique opportunities to marry processing environment (water) with gene designs (mimickitig silk block designs) to optimize outcomes during intracellular and extracellular processing of these complex proteins. The result of this new insight has the potential to lead to substantively improved synthesis, recovery and processing of recombinant silk proteins into Useful fibers and other silk-based materials. Our objective in the present proposal is to determine the relationships between genetic/protein block designs gleaned from our recent domain mapping studies of all silk proteins, coupled with the limitations imposed by an all aqueous processing environment based on our recent models of how silk proteins are assembled in solution toward gel states and then spinning. These issues are addressed in concert with codon optimization, expression in thermophilic hosts that can accommodate GC-rich genes and glycine/alanine overproducing mutants.
The rational design of silk encoding genes, borrowing from the more generic designs identified in Nature, in combination with the processing constraints for these proteins in Nature, highlight the novel and important design limitations and benefits offered by these intriguing protein spinning systems. The general rules of construction for silk proteins based on these observations should provide a useful guide to how Nature has solved the problem of processing hydrophobic proteins in water, and how this process can be copied industrially. The significance of the proposed studies is that by employing these design rules there should be improved expression, recovery of soluble protein and control of processing into high solids solutions and gels leading to spinnable dopes for fibers, films or other material outcomes. The insights to be gained from the proposed studies have implications in fundamental structural biology as well as direct utility toward improved options in silk-based polymer synthesis, processing and materials fabrication.
http://www.tufts.edu/central/research/R ... r05g-l.htm
Tufts University: Research News _at_ Tufts
Thanks. I had that one before but lost it, thanks a lot. Hey, check this lil puppy out......very short too:
http://www.geneservice.co.uk/products/a ... /index.jsp
http://www.geneservice.co.uk/services/s ... ervice.jsp
OKAY, I'm ticked now! Thanks for the verification.
So the next step beyong the blasted transcription is to preserve the modification. Isn't that great!
I still know how abbreviations work. ha ha...
Used to be only names for companies, now the whole DNA coding is all abbreviations, and all the little 3 letter codes of the codes.
"With ETD, scientists are enabled for specific information-rich PTM (post-translational modifications) analysis on the unsurpassed HCTultra PTM Discovery System™. ETD allows peptide and protein fragmentation while preserving modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. This gives the researcher easy access to protein sequencing and simultaneous identification of type and location of various PTMs."
from your link..........
So, the phosphorylation and glycosylation, those would be the processes.
Now, just what do those two words mean?
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein or a small molecule or "the introduction of a phosphate group into an organic molecule." Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of January 2006, the Medline database returns over 120,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).
In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation is probably the most important regulatory event. Many enzymes and receptors are switched "on" or "off" by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by various specific protein kinases, whereas phosphatases dephosphorylate...
.....Adding a phosphoryl (PO3) to a polar R group of an amino acid might not seem like it would do much to a protein, but it can actually turn a nonpolar hydrophobic protein into a polar and extremely hydrophilic molecule.
An example of the important role that phosphorylation plays is the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which—when active—stimulates transcription of genes that suppress the cell cycle, even to the extent that it undergoes apoptosis. However, this activity should be limited to situations where the cell is damaged or physiology is disturbed. To this end, the p53 protein is extensively regulated. In fact, p53 contains more than 18 different phosphorylation sites.
Upon the deactivating signal, the protein becomes dephosphorylated again and stops working. This is the mechanism in many forms of signal transduction, for example the way in which incoming light is processed in the light-sensitive cells of the retina.
Signaling networks
The network underlying phosphorylation can be very complex. In some cellular signalling pathways, a protein A phosphorylates B, and B phosphorylates C, but A also phosphorylates C directly, and B can phosphorylate D, which may in turn phosphorylate A.
Protein phosphorylation sites
There are thousands of distinct phosphorylation sites in a given cell since: 1) There are thousands of different kinds of proteins in any particular cell (such as a lymphocyte). 2) It is estimated that 1/10th to 1/2 of proteins are phosphorylated (in some cellular state). 3) Phosphorylation often occurs on multiple distinct sites on a given protein.
Since phosphorylation of any site on a given protein can change the function or localization of that protein, understanding the "state" of a cell requires knowing the phosphorylation state of its proteins. For example, if amino acid Serine-473 ("S473") in the protein AKT is phosphorylated AKT is generally functionally active as a kinase. If not, it is an inactive kinase. Antibodies can be used as powerful tools to detect whether a protein is phosphorylated at any particular site. Such antibodies are called phospho-specific antibodies; 100s of such antibodies are now available. They are becoming critical reagents both for basic research and for clinical diagnosis.
Types of phosphorylation
See also protein kinase for more details on the different types of phosphorylation
Within a protein, phosphorylation can occur on several amino acids. Phosphorylation on serine is the most common, followed by threonine. Tyrosine phosphorylation is relatively rare. However, since tyrosine phosphorylated proteins are relatively easy to purify using antibodies, tyrosine phosphorylation sites are relatively well understood. Histidine and aspartate phosphorylation occurs in prokaryotes as part of two-component signalling..
Other kinds
ATP, the "high-energy" exchange medium in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is also synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis. ATP is synthesized at the expense of solar energy by photophosphorylation in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Phosphorylation of sugars is often the first stage of their catabolism. It allows cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter.
External links
The Epigenome Network of Excellence (NoE)
Mammalian Phosphorylation Resource, which integrates information on available phospho-specific antibodies
Protein primary structure and posttranslational modifications
General: Protein biosynthesis | Peptide bond | Proteolysis | Racemization | N-O acyl shift
N-terminus: Acetylation | Formylation | Myristoylation | Pyroglutamate
C-terminus: Amidation | Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)
Lysine: Methylation | Acetylation | Hydroxylation | Ubiquitination | SUMOylation | Desmosine
Cysteine: Disulfide bond | Prenylation | Palmitoylation
Serine/Threonine: Phosphorylation | Glycosylation
Tyrosine: Phosphorylation | Sulfation
Asparagine: Deamidation | Glycosylation
Aspartate: Succinimide formation
Glutamate: Carboxylation
Arginine: Citrullination | Methylation
Proline: Hydroxylation
←Amino acids Secondary structure
This is about altering proteins......biosynthesis.....like biosynthesis of drugs that mimic nature. Not true natural products.
Same with our protein. I am onto this blasted protein thing, because the fiber is a protein, I bethcha.
Now along with epigenetics we have epigenomics, another word for Eugenics. Newer word, more civil, more deceitful, more cunning, more hidden they think.
I am glad the Monarchs are back in the UK.
I bet they are modified like we are. But, we love them anyway.
Now the N-terminus and the C-terminus are the target points, I think? where the modification takes place. The junctions where the evil act occurs.
Will read other.
There must be something wrong with real silk now, could it just be those cotton fiber worms are still chomping away? Or is it too dangerous now living in the the silk, because of all the BT and Wolbachia in the worms? Houston, we have a problem, so lets go synthetic and have high yield, high risks to humans. Excellent!
"The general rules of construction for silk proteins based on these observations should provide a useful guide to how Nature has solved the problem of processing hydrophobic proteins in water, and how this process can be copied industrially. The significance of the proposed studies is that by employing these design rules there should be improved expression, recovery of soluble protein and control of processing into high solids solutions and gels leading to spinnable dopes for fibers, films or other material outcomes."
Thanks for the posts, earlier, digesting them, YUCK, huh?
Will read your others.
You may have posted this before, but here it is again:
connect to rickets. Is a phophatase wasting disease.
hey befoursystemic whatch london pull a skytrol out of a disinformed hat not behind barz.....
could the wasp package morph to protamines like russian doll???not a single mode of life left gets out of the gene shuffle.................................this psycho bitches theory is leaning to
form a kingdom shift that is encoded in the wasp package per genetic combinatory stealth protocal ... like to morph from virus on an insect egg the viral plasmodia is triggered to its next form only when its host is of plant kingdom (for certain production needs) and after the gene mod complete its respired by plantkingdom to aerosol (by fungal spore) where it gains oxygen and nitrogen in clouds and morphs by condensation into its next stage into the rain, where it combines again into a complex algea with multi kingdom intellect to finish its birth and begin its life in the human at the expence of the human for the desire of the devil.
metals on sulfur with extra salt...................
A Lithium-Sensitive andSodium-Tolerant3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-Phosphatase Encoded by halA from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis Is Closely Related to Its Counterparts from Yeasts and Plants.
"3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase (PAPase) is required for the removal of toxic3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) produced during sulfur assimilation in various eukaryotic organisms. This enzyme is a well-known target of lithium and sodium toxicity and has been used for the production of salt-resistant transgenic plants. In addition, PAPase has also been proposed as a target in the treatment of manic-depressive patients. One gene, halA, which could encode a protein closely related to the PAPases of yeasts and plants, was identified from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. Phylogenic analysis indicated that proteins related to PAPases from several cyanobacteria were found in different clades, suggesting multiple origins of PAPases in cyanobacteria.
The HalA polypeptide from A. platensis was overproduced in Escherichia coli and used for the characterization of its biochemical properties. HalA was dependent on Mg(2+) for its activity and could use PAP or 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate as a substrate. HalA is sensitive to Li(+) (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 3.6 mM) but only slightly sensitive to Na(+) (IC(50) = 600 mM). The salt sensitivity of HalA was thus different from that of most of its eukaryotic counterparts, which are much more sensitive to both Li(+) and Na(+), but was comparable to the PAPase AtAHL (Hal2p-like protein) from Arabidopsis thaliana. The properties of HalA could help us to understand the structure-function relationship underlying the salt sensitivity of PAPases. The expression of halA improved the Li(+) tolerance of E. coli, suggesting that the sulfur-assimilating pathway is a likely target of salt toxicity in bacteria as well."
http://www.knockoutscience.com/showabst ... d=16391050
"Protamines and male infertility"
"Protamines are the major nuclear sperm proteins. The human sperm nucleus contains two types of protamine: pro-tamine 1 (P1) encoded by a single-copy gene and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins (P2, P3 and P4), all also encoded by a single gene that is transcribed and translated into a precursor protein. The protamines were discovered more than a century ago, but their function is not yet fully understood. In fact, different hypotheses have been proposed: condensation of the sperm nucleus into a compact hydrodynamic shape, protection of the genetic message delivered by the spermatozoa, involvement in the processes maintaining the integrity and repair of DNA during or after the nucleohistone-nucleoprotamine transition and involvement in the epigenetic imprinting of the spermatozoa. Protamines are also one of the most variable proteins found in nature, with data supporting a positive Darwinian selection. Changes in the expression of P1 and P2 protamines have been found to be associated with infertility in man. Mutations in the protamine genes have also been found in some infertile patients. Transgenic mice defective in the expression of protamines also present several structural defects in the sperm nucleus and have variable degrees of infertility. There is also evidence that altered levels of protamines may result in an increased susceptibility to injury in the spermatozoan DNA causing infertility or poor outcomes in assisted reproduction. The present work reviews the articles published to date on the relationship between protamines and infertility."
sticky human pig t-shirt sale........ buy 1 get 115 free
TbGPI16 is an essential component of GPI transamidase in Trypanosoma brucei.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is widely used by eukaryotic cell surface proteins for membrane attachment. De novo synthesized GPI precursors are attached to proteins post-translationally by the enzyme complex, GPI transamidase. TbGPI16, a component of the trypanosome transamidase, shares similarity with human PIG-T. Here, we show that TbGPI16 is the orthologue of PIG-T and an essential component of GPI transamidase by creating a TbGPI16 knockout. TbGPI16 forms a disulfide-linked complex with TbGPI8. A cysteine to serine mutant of TbGPI16 was unable to fully restore the surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins upon transfection into the knockout cells, indicating that its disulfide linkage with TbGPI8 is important for the full transamidase activity.
Transgenic sterility in Populus:
expression properties of the poplar PTLF, Agrobacterium NOS and two minimal 35S promoters in vegetative tissues.Transgenic sterility is a desirable trait for containment of many kinds of transgenes and exotic species. Genetically engineered floral sterility can be imparted by expression of a cytotoxin under the control of a predominantly floral-tissue-specific promoter. However, many otherwise desirable floral promoters impart substantial non-floral expression, which can impair plant health or make it impossible to regenerate transgenic plants. We are therefore developing a floral sterility system that is capable of attenuating undesired background vegetative expression. As a first step towards this goal, we compared the vegetative expression properties of the promoter of the poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) homolog of the floral homeotic gene LEAFY (PTLF), which could be used to impart male and female flower sterility, to that of three candidate attenuator-gene promoters: the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S basal promoter, the CaMV 35S basal promoter fused to the TMV omega element and the nopaline synthase (NOS) promoter. The promoters were evaluated via promoter::GUS gene fusions in a transgenic poplar hybrid (Populus tremula L. x P. alba L.) by both histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays. In leaves, the NOS promoter conveyed the highest activity and had a mean expression level 5-fold higher than PTLF, whereas the CaMV 35S basal promoter fused to the omega element and the CaMV 35S basal promoter alone directed mean expression levels that were 0.5x and 0.35x that of PTLF, respectively. Differential expression in shoots, leaves, stems and roots was observed only for the NOS and PTLF promoters. Strongest expression was observed in roots for the NOS promoter, whereas the PTLF promoter directed highest expression in shoots. The NOS promoter appears best suited to counteract vegetative expression of a cytotoxin driven by the PTLF promoter where 1:1 toxin:attenuator expression is required."
hella too much...... here s the index..
http://www.knockoutscience.com/articlei ... ?year=2006
the FUSA!! contaminating the bulk narcotics in every american syndicate one size fits all
Fusarium Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis.
SP McCormick, NJ Alexander, RH Proctor
Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sporotrichioides produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, respectively. In both species, disruption of the P450 monooxygenase-encoding gene, Tri4, blocks production of the mycotoxins and leads to the accumulation of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. To further characterize its function, the F. graminearum Tri4 (FgTri4) was heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species Fusarium verticillioides. Transgenic F. verticillioides carrying the FgTri4 converted exogenous trichodiene to the trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates isotrichodermin and trichothecene. Conversion of trichodiene to isotrichodermin requires seven biochemical steps. The fifth and sixth steps can occur nonenzymatically. Precursor feeding studies done in the current study indicate that wild-type F. verticillioides has the enzymatic activity necessary to carry out the seventh step, the C-3 acetylation of isotrichodermol to form isotrichodermin. Together, the results of this study indicate that the Tri4 protein catalyzes the remaining four steps and is therefore a multifunctional monooxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis.
You are for Ecological Restoration are you not? Also, aren't you in Vrginia? I honestly do not know but think you are. If so, could you share with us Hwy 58?
Something to do with combustion....????
To all: They say their will not be enough oxygen with in the next 25 years if the problem it "their" solutions for "our" problems are not dealt with now. Basically, it says air will be in short supply so they have to knock a few off now.
Also, TamTam, I have found nothing on the Doxy RX causing weight gane. But i did find this......
Basicaaly it says Microbes in the gut causes FAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dammit, I only get more seething by the minute. Hey, has Doc found the fibers content yet?
I'll go try to find the microbe/fat link for youl
She wears a plastic hat, flowered with ornaments, because her head explodes twice or three times every forty-five minutes. The marketing climate for frozen foods is snowy, she'd say while scratching her scratchiest spots. If her nails were too long her shirts and underwear sopped with what her nails uncovered beneath the skin. And if her nails were far too short, she'd plan robberies, espionage and other crafty hand driven crimes that disliked fingerprints, were ever angry at fingerprints. On Sunday nights she'd swim into the dumpsters of bookstores or behind newsstands and fill hatboxes with coupon inserts. Then, while walking home with eight or ten ribboned together boxes, she'd estimate her week's wealth in skin and bone and muscle and nerves and fifty cents off one item coupons. Please remember, she was never much of a swimmer, not fast or very floaty. Once through her front door, she'd stumble through head explosions cutting out the most prized deals first. Those were the paper bits she used for the hourly and hemorrhaging skull breaks. Free trial offers, the buy and get after buying, were the most effective healing grafters. The closer the purchase price moved to zero the quicker they fixed what's detonated under her plastic hat. After price the most convincing quality of any coupon are the dyes. She wasn't concerned with the placement of colors, the appearance of foods, or the bluish happy flame of mango waterfalls forcing a room into freshness, bludgeoning away those fertile gangs of smells that rob our houses of the happy happiness we so very much want. No, she just wanted the valuable coupons under her plastic hat, inside her plastic gloves, beneath her plastic clothes. Then, on Monday morning, after stocking her clothes with enough coupons to replace a days worth of skin and explosions, she'd start walking. Her first destination was usually a warehouse style grocery store. She'd walk awkwardly through checkout lines, finding ways to wave her hands over the scanners. What began as two hundred dollars reduced to half then half once more. She found that her coupons, after becoming skin and nerve and membrane, always left their barcode behind. And that with each explosion under her hat, the life she led swam a bit deeper to the purchase price of zero.
Microbes transfered to us from the insects and into the food itself. It is the microbes causing the damage, delivered to us by the trangenic insects.
Fight back!
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Parishes/churches within 5 miles of Norwich - TG230080
View the church locations plotted on a Google map. The icons in the list below indicate items of information that we do not yet have. Please click them to provide it.
351 found
The GENUKI church database is not a complete list of all churches, and for many areas it just contains most parish churches at the start of the 19th century. It is planned that over time many more churches will be added but until then we hope that those it does find are useful.
The distances shown above are in most cases only approximate.This is because the church locations themselves are given as the corner of nearest Km square on the Ordnance Survey map in most cases. Some have been updated to the actual 1/10 Km location, but the majority have not. So use the distances as a guide, not a precise figure.
Help requiredThe information provided has been obtained from a number of sources and although every effort is made to avoid errors, just a few may be present. So if there are any please let us know. [Select the church in the list above, and use the link at the bottom of that page to tell us].
In particular different sources describe churches in different ways and sometimes use different place names. So if there do appear to be duplicates, again let us know. If there are any churches missing then please tell us. The basic information that we need is:
- The Ordnance Survey grid reference of the church.
- The name of the place where it is located.
- The name of the street where it is located especially if there is no dedication.
- The denomination.
- Any dedication.
For a more detailed description about providing information please look at the techniques for finding church information.
Other useful information is the founding and closing dates of the church, a picture, if the church has its own website, the name of the road on which it is/was sited, the records that exist and which repository holds them etc. Icons against the churches in the list above are provided to easily see which piece of information is required. Click the individual icons in the list above to report it. The icons are:
|Basic details:
|Is it dedicated to a saint, or does it have a name?
|Exact location (OS gridref obtained by point and click on a map). Click this icon to show the location marked on a Google map. Drag the icon to the correct location, and a link will appear which lets you report that location. A description of how to use Streetmaps to pass on exact locations is also available.
|The name of the street where the church is sited.
|When was the church founded?
|Is the church still open or has it closed?
|We know the church has closed, but do not yet know when that happened.
|Has the church ever had a graveyard?
|A URL for the church's own website.
|A picture of the church. We have some tips about taking church pictures and the best format to use. If you are planning a trip to take church pictures, select the check box at the left hand side of the search bar at the top of this page, and click the New Search button. This list will then exclude those churches for which we have a picture, and will also show the OS grid reference.
|For churches for which we have a record of the basic details:
|A few details about the history of the church.
|Who holds the church records.
Building up a complete picture requires local knowledge and if you have any such information that you can share, then it will really help other users.


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Welles Park
2333 W. Sunnyside Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60625
(312) 742-7511
Fee: Free
Age Range: Any
Band: Lawrence Peters Outfit [Country]
As part of the Night Out in the Park initative Welles Park will once again host Tuesdays @ the Gazebo. The concert series runs June 18 - August 27, 2013. All concerts begin at 6:30pm. Rain [join us in the gym] or shine the show goes on. Bring your family and friends and enjoy an evening of music at the park. Grab a chair/blanket and pack a picnic basket!


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The greater part of the country is mountainous. Its principal ranges are the Tien Shan, the Kunlun chain, and the Trans-Himalaya. In the southwest is Tibet, which China annexed in 1950. The Gobi Desert lies to the north. China proper consists of three great river systems: the Yellow River (Huang He), 2,109 mi (5,464 km) long; the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), the third-longest river in the world at 2,432 mi (6,300 km); and the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang), 848 mi (2,197 km) long.
The earliest recorded human settlements in what is today called China were discovered in the Huang He basin and date from about 5000 B.C. During the Shang dynasty (1500–1000 B.C. ), the precursor of modern China's ideographic writing system developed, allowing the emerging feudal states of the era to achieve an advanced stage of civilization, rivaling in sophistication any society found at the time in Europe, the Middle East, or the Americas. It was following this initial flourishing of civilization, in a period known as the Chou dynasty (1122–249 B.C. ), that Lao-tse, Confucius, Mo Ti, and Mencius laid the foundation of Chinese philosophical thought.
The feudal states, often at war with one another, were first united under Emperor Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, during whose reign (246–210 B.C. ) work was begun on the Great Wall of China, a monumental bulwark against invasion from the West. Although the Great Wall symbolized China's desire to protect itself from the outside world, under the Han dynasty (206 B.C.–A.D. 220), the civilization conducted extensive commercial trading with the West.
In the T'ang dynasty (618–907)—often called the golden age of Chinese history—painting, sculpture, and poetry flourished, and woodblock printing, which enabled the mass production of books, made its earliest known appearance. The Mings, last of the native rulers (1368–1644), overthrew the Mongol, or Yuan, dynasty (1271–1368) established by Kublai Khan. The Mings in turn were overthrown in 1644 by invaders from the north, the Manchus.
Packages in China:
7 Days Tour to Beijing & Shanghai


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D-Link Network DAP-2695 AirPremier AC1750 Dual Band PoE Access Point Retail
- $289.61
- $13.27
6 In StockNew1 Year
- Description
This product has been recently added to our store, the description has not been entered yet but will be done soon. You may still purchase this item by clicking on the "Add To Cart" button to add it to your shopping cart. For the moment you can refer to the manufacturer's website for the description and features list.
- Warehouse
Thank your for your request. We will get back to you as soon as possible.


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Your Views: Job-seekers be aware of social media pitfalls
Being college students, one of the most frightening situations we face after graduation is applying for jobs in our desired field. After years of schooling, preparing for the interview, and answering all the questions right, it seems unethical that recent graduates should be denied employment due to the influence of our social media sites.
Currently in Wisconsin, employers can ask you to bring up your social media sites, like Facebook, during the interviewing process. This creates multiple conflicts of interests. On one hand, individuals may not be hired purely on the basis of their posts on Facebook, which does not necessarily affect their work habits and skills. On the other hand, this causes potential problems for businesses because they could face lawsuits against discriminating during the hiring process based on information found in your "About Me" section on Facebook. This section provides information like age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and religious or political beliefs.
The California Labor Code prohibits employers from requesting or requiring applicants or employees to disclose social media log-in credentials, bars them from requesting access to personal social media in the employer's presence, or divulging any personal social media. Ten other states have similar laws.
This is something to be aware of because Wisconsin does not currently have these laws in place, so when you're applying for jobs, it may be best to deactivate your social media sites, and in the meantime create more awareness throughout our communities to take this issue to our legislators.
EDITOR'S NOTE: The Wisconsin Legislature has passed and Gov. Scott Walker is expected to sign a bill that bars employers, schools, and landlords from requiring their employees, students or tenants to produce their social media passwords. However, the bill allows employers, schools, and landlords to view individuals' social media postings that are available to the public.


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For example, if you wanted to find out "What times do students get up in the morning?" you would need to clarify:
Participant characteristics
Next you need to specify the scope of your sample. For example, are you looking at a particular age group or year level or location? In these cases. your question might be "How many minutes before school starts do Year 7 students get up compared with Year 11 students?" or "How many minutes before school starts do students in Queensland get up compared with students in South Australia?".
Sample size
Estimates are made about the total population and subgroups based on the information from the sample. Generally, larger samples will give a more accurate representation of the population. However, it can be difficult to obtain accurate information on smaller groups within the population if the sample size is small.
In addition, the level of accuracy can usually be measured. There are formulae to determine the size of the sample that should be taken depending on the level of confidence required. One of the simplest is:
Sample size = √n
(where n is the size of the population)
To allow predictions to be confidently made about the total population, samples need to be randomly selected as well as of sufficient size. For data to be selected randomly, each data item must have the same chance of being selected as any other. Pulling data items from a hat or using the random number generator on a calculator are common ways of ensuring that data are selected randomly. Data not selected randomly may be biased towards a particular outcome.
Types of Sampling
There are a number of ways that a sample can be randomly drawn from a population. For example, you may want to ensure that each subgroup of a population is represented in the same proportion as in the general population.
For more information on types of sampling see our Glossary page.
In an interview, a participant can ask questions if they haven't understood something.
Written response
Written responses can be completed by many participants at the same time and are quicker than interviews.
A variable is any measurable characteristic or attribute that can have different values for different subjects – for example, eye colour, distance from school etc.
Characteristic is another way of saying variable. For example, height, age or country of birth are all characteristics or variables of people.
Frequency tables
A useful way to record raw data is a tally table or frequency table.
A frequency table counts the number of times – or frequency – a value occurs in the data. For example, twenty people are asked "How many TVs do you have in your household?" If 2 households have 1 TV, the frequency of households with 1 TV is 2.
Frequency tables with class intervals
When a variable has a large spread, the values can be grouped together to make the data easier to manage and present.
For example, if you asked students how much time it takes them to get to school each day, their responses may vary considerably. In this case, you can group the responses together in 5 minute intervals. These intervals are called class intervals. All class intervals should have an equal range. Class intervals are usually in groups of 5, 10, 20, 50 etc.
A graph should:
Bar graphs – Figure 3
A bar graph is used to represent categorical or discrete numerical data. A bar graph has a gap between each bar or set of bars and the widths of the gaps and bars are consistent. The length of the bars in a bar graph is also important: the greater the length, the greater the value. A bar graph can be either horizontal or vertical – vertical bar graphs are also known as column graphs.
Horizontal bar graphs – Figure 4
The advantage of using a horizontal bar graph over a column graph is that the category labels in a horizontal bar graph can be fully displayed making the graph easier to read.
Side by side bar or column graphs – Figure 5
Side by side bar graphs are useful to compare two or more groups for the same data.
Stacked bar or column graphs – Figure 6
Stacked or segmented bar graphs are sometimes used to display a breakdown of data for a particular group – for example, the breakdown of types of internet use by sex. They are most useful when the data is shown as a percentage value and the number of categories is very small. If there are too many categories, the frequency of the datasets can be difficult to read and compare.
Histograms – Figure 7
A histogram is similar to a column graph, however, there are no gaps between columns. Histograms are used for numerical data only. Data can be either discrete or continuous and grouped or ungrouped. A histogram should have equal width columns when possible.
Line Graphs
Line graphs are used for numerical data. They show how one variable changes in relation to another. The independent variable is always displayed on the horizontal axis. It is important to use a consistent scale on each axis so you can get an accurate sense of the data.
Time Series – Figure 8
Time series graphs are line graphs that display a trend or a pattern in data over time. The slope can be upward or negative. Patterns can be seasonal (over a short period), or cyclic (over a longer period). Alternately, a time series can show a random variation.
To use a times series to make predictions, you can smooth fluctuations by using a suitable smoothing process such as deseasonalising the data.
Pie Charts – Figure 9
Pie charts, often called pie graphs, sector graphs or sector charts, show how much each sector contributes to the total. Pie charts are useful when there are only a few categories as more than five categories can make them difficult to read.
It is very important to label each sector with its value to make comparison easier.
Dot Charts – Figure 10
A dot chart can convey a lot of information in a simple, uncluttered way. Each dot can represent one or many.
Box and Whisker Plots – Figure 11
Box and whisker plots display 5 figure summary statistics: minimum, quartile 1, median, quartile 3 and maximum for a set of numerical data.
Box and whisker plots are useful for looking at the shape of a data set. In particular, parallel box and whisker plots are used to compare two data sets and are drawn on the same number line. To help identify possible outliers, 'fences' can be drawn at 1.5 x, the IQR above Q3 and below Q1. For more information, see summarising Data, Measures of Spread.
Stem and Leaf Plots – Figure 12
Stem and leaf plots are an efficient way of recording numerical data because numbers in the stem apply to all values in the leaves. They are also very useful to show the shape of a distribution and, since they order data, can be used to identify median and quartiles.
Back to back stem and leaf plots are used to compare the distribution of two data sets.
Age Pyramids – Figure 13
Age pyramids are used to represent a population age structure. Age pyramids are a very effective way of showing change in a country's age structure over time or for comparing different countries. Estimates and projections of Australia's population from 1971 to 2050 are available on the ABS Animated Age Pyramid page.
Figure 4: A horizontal bar graph
Figure 5: A side by side column graph
Figure 6: A stacked bar graph
Figure 7: A histogram showing data with grouped intervals
Figure 8: A time series graph
Figure 9: A pie chart
Figure 10: A dot plot with many to one correspondence
Figure 11: Parallel box and whisker plots
Figure 12: A back to back stem and leaf plot of arm span
Figure 13: An age pyramid (Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Education Services)
a) Measures of centre
The centre of a set of data is important. Often you want to know which value occurs most commonly or the average of a set of values.
Numerical data
Mean: The arithmetic mean is calculated by finding the sum of all values in the data set and then dividing it by the number of values in the set. The mean is often called the average.
Median: The median is the middle value of a dataset when all the values are arranged from smallest to largest number. If a dataset contains an even number of values, the median is taken as the mean of the middle two. The median is the preferred measure of centre when the data is not symmetric or contains outliers.
Numerical and categorical data – Figure 14
Mode: The mode is the value that occurs most often in a data set.
b) Measures of Spread
The spread of a data set, when combined with its centre, will give a more complete picture.
The range is the distance from the minimum value to the maximum value in the data set.
Range = maximum – minimum
Interquartile range – Figure 15
Quartiles: As the name suggests, quartiles divide data into four equal sets.
When observations are placed in ascending order according to their value, the first or lower quartile is the value of the observation at or below which one-quarter (25%) of observations lie. The second quartile is the median at or below which half (50%) of observations lie. The third or upper quartile is the value of the observation at or below which three-quarters (75%) of the observations lie.
Another way to think about this is: the median divides the data into two equal sets: the lower quartile is the value of the middle of the lower half, and the upper quartile is the value of the middle of the upper half. The difference between upper and lower quartiles (Q3 - Q1) also indicates the spread of a data set. This is called the interquartile range (IQR).
Interquartile Range = Upper quartile - Lower quartile
The interquartile range spans 50% of a data set, and eliminates the influence of outliers because, in effect, the highest and lowest quartiles are removed.
Calculating the IQR will help you to identify potential outliers in the data. Any data above Q3 +1.5 x IQR (upper fence) and below Q1 – 1.5 x IQR (lower fence) should be investigated to decide whether or not these observations need to be excluded from the data before it is analysed further.
A potential outlier might be a mistake or an extreme value so you need to check the original data to determine if it is to be discarded or retained. However, cleaning data by discarding extreme values might give you a false view of variations that can be found in datasets. In turn, this could result in inaccurate modelling based on the data and false conclusions.
The standard deviation – Figure 16
The standard deviation measures the average distance each value in a data set is from the mean. A data set with a higher standard deviation will be more spread out than one with a lower standard deviation. Compare the following two data sets:
c) Shape
The standard distribution – Figure 17
Data which has a standard distribution is characterised by a symmetric, single curve. Also known as the normal or bell shaped distribution.
You would expect data such as the height of Year 9 students or the length of cane toads to show a standard distribution. A standard distribution results from most of the data clustering around the mean and less data occurring further away from the mean.
Bi modal – Figure 18
Bi modal data usually comes from two distinct populations. The bar chart of Year 5 girls' and Year 10 boys' heights shows two distinct modal groups.
Skew – Figure 19
Some non-symmetric data distributions can be described as skewed.
Data which is positively skewed typically has a cluster of lower end values and a taper of higher end values. Data which is negatively skewed typically has a cluster of higher end values and a taper of lower end values.
You could expect data such as the amount of total weekly income to show a negative skew. The number of people on a higher weekly income is fewer than those on low or medium incomes. Data you could expect to show a positive skew might be the amount of hours spent on Facebook by age. It's likely that the amount of time spent on Facebook will peak in the late teens to twenties and then taper off as a person's age increases.
Figure 19: Bi modal graph of distribution of height
Figure 20: Positive skew, distribution of age of Indigenous males
Accuracy of Data
All your calculations need to be accurate, verifiable from the data and clearly communicated using simple language.
To effectively communicate your results, you will need to be aware of avoiding any misinterpretation of the data such as using the mean when the median is more appropriate or not taking seasonal variation into account.
Stating your conclusions
With statistics, there is always a risk that the results you have do not tell the whole story. You can use the following checklist to help judge the reliability of your statistical information.


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Title: Education That Is Multicultural and Student Achievement #03-00-05
Credits: 3
Contact: Woody Grant Chief, Equity Assurance & Compliance Branch
410-767-425 firstname.lastname@example.com
School System: Anne Arundel County Public Schools
Title of Course: Generating Expectation for Student Achievement
Contact: Andrea Zamora
Phone: 410-721-8304
Credits 2
Voluntary X Mandatory _
Teachers X Administrators X Other _
Additional Information:
Offered at schools - over 300 educators have participated
School System: Baltimore City
Title of Course: Education That is Multicultural
Contact: Judith Smith
Phone: 410-396-8546 FAX 410-396-8473
Credits 3
· Online delivery (Casenex)
· Online BCPSS specifically
School System: Baltimore County
Title of Course: Education That Is Multicultural
Contact: Natasha White
Phone: 410-887-2444 FAX 410-887-4224
Our courses are offered on-line and on site. The on-site courses are offered when there is an ETM liaison interested in facilitating a course. Our online course is offered five times per year in 8 week sessions.
School System: Calvert County
Title of Course: Culture and Diversity
Contact: Cheryl Johnson firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 410-535-7277 Fax 410-479-0108
Credits 3 MSDE or Graduate
Teachers X Administrators X Other X
School System: Carroll County
Title of Course: Framework for Understanding Poverty
Contact: Pat Levroney (Robert Morton Elementary School
Phone: 410-751-3048 Fax 410-751-3159
Credits 0
Currently not offering a for credit ETM course
School System: Cecil County
Title of Course: Multicultural Education
Contact: Aggie Langan
Phone: 410-996-5661 Fax 410-996-5643
School System: Charles County
Title of Course: Enhancing Minority Achievement
Contact: Minnie Reynolds
Phone: 301-934-7244
Credits 1
Voluntary _ Mandatory X
Teachers X Administrators X Other _
School System: Frederick County
Title of Course: Education That Is Multicultural: Culturally Responsive Teaching
Contact: Ted Luck
Phone: 301-696-6891 Fax 301-696-6954
Credits 3 (MSDE)
Teachers X Administrators X Other X
School System: Harford County
Title of Course: Education That Is Multicultural in the Classroom of the 21st Century
Contact: Michael Seymour
Phone: 410-273-5678
Voluntary _ Mandatory X
Teachers X Administrators X Other X Support Staff
School System: Howard County
Title of Course: Cultural Proficiency & Student Achievement
Contact: Debbie Misaig; Min Kim
Phone: 410-313-6654
On-Line with 4 face to face meetings built in
School System: Prince George's County
Title of Course: Cultural Competency for Student Achievement
Contact: Pamelattarris Antoin
Phone: 301-749-4743
Credits 3 required for re-certification
On-Line journals
School System: Montgomery County
Contact: Donna Graves, Coordinator
Phone: 301-801-2900
Voluntary Mandatory X
Teachers X Administrators X Other X varies per semester (Instructional assistants
support staff)
School System: Queen Anne's County
Title of Course: Generating Expectations for Student Achievement
Contact: Cynthia Chirumbole
Phone: 410-758-2403 Ext. 12
Teachers X Administrators_ Other _
School System: Talbot County
Title of Course: Diversity and Blended Cultures – Untapping the Potential of
Diverse Learners (From Charles Chinty)
Contact: Regina Gates
Phone: 410-822-0330 Fax 410-820-4260
Teachers X Administrators X Other X (all staff)
School System: Washington County
Title of Course: Education That Is Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
Contact: Gloria Maria Grimsley, ELL Supervisor
Phone: 410-766-2977
Credits 3 MSDE
Enrollment: 15
School System: Wicomico County
Title of Course: ETMA
Contact: Judylynn Mitchell
Phone: 410-677-4401 firstname.lastname@example.com
An additional voluntary course "Cultural Sensitivity and Awareness in the Classroom" is
also offered for one credit
School System: Worcester County
Title of Course: Education That is Multicultural, Part I, II, and III
Contact: Wynnette Morris
Phone: 410-632-5091 Fax 410-632-6364
Voluntary X Mandatory _


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Volcom Fiji Pro Round 2
FIJI is beautiful and like all beautiful things it looks great from every angle - even if the devil wind is blowing. And blow it did, that SE which Cloudbreak loves until unrideable chunks fly up the face. Restaurants was also suffering but exits were just possible and high drama ensued at the Volcom Fiji Pro.
Highlight of the day was seeing Mr John John Florence return, the tow-headed barrel freak surfed three times, stuttering in Round 1 before dominating in Round 2 and 3. There's positive correlation between the top guys making tricky conditions look easy and he optimises that truism. Also it is just great to see him back in the water
"That's the best the waves have been since I've been here," Florence said. "The waves just turned on for my heat. Restaurants is just a perfect wave. It's such a machine and with these winds every wave's just perfect. You can really just sit in the barrel the whole way."
Chris Cote described it as "dancing with Edward Scissor Hands" whipping down the line at Mach 5, skimming a reef of live fire coral whilst trying to stay attached to your board negotiating foot high ribs in a fast down-the-line barel. The surfers who won described it as the best barrel in the world.
We wanted Cloudbreak, we wanted the tour to redeem the status they lost last year. But here's a lesson: do not place your desire in anything which flies in the face of a trade wind, you will be remorselessly beaten down.
MSW Forecaster, Francisco, breaks down why this wind has been blowing so fiercely: "Normally this time of the year we'd expect to see a high pressure system located over Australia and an extensive low pressure system just a bit north of the Equator (above Fiji). That high pressure system, which was located over Australia, is moving towards New Zealand; a shift which directly impacts the wind conditions in Fiji. From this we are seeing an intensification of the trade winds, a situation expected to prevail for a few more days, and we should only expect a decrease in wind speed towards the end of the contest waiting period."
Check out the forecast for the Volcom Fiji Pro.
And don't forget Volcom's Heats on Demand
Heat 11: Jeremy Flores (FRA) 17.80, Nat Young (USA) 12.93, Kolohe Andino (USA) 9.10
Heat 12: Brett Simpson (USA) 13.20, John John Florence (HAW) 12.40, Adrian Buchan (AUS) 11.00
Heat 1: Kelly Slater (USA) 16.27 def. Aca Lalabalavu (FJI) 10.90
Heat 2: Mick Fanning (AUS) 14.67 def. Alex Grey (USA) 6.27
Heat 3: Yadin Nicol (AUS) 12.77 def. Adriano de Souza (BRA) 12.60
Heat 4: Joel Parkinson (AUS) 18.47 def. Dusty Payne (HAW) 15.53
Heat 5: Taj Burrow (AUS) 7.87 def. Adam Melling (AUS) 7.76
Heat 6: Jordy Smith (ZAF) 13.50 def. Glenn Hall (IRL) 8.43
Heat 7: Kolohe Andino (USA) 11.50 def. Gabriel Medina (BRA) 9.67
Heat 8: Julian Wilson (AUS) 13.93 def. Alejo Muniz (BRA) 9.04
Heat 9: Matt Wilkinson (AUS) 15.57 def. Michel Bourez (PYF) 10.33
Heat 10: Sebastian Zietz (HAW) 17.10 def. Adrian Buchan (AUS) 17.06
Heat 11: John John Florence (HAW) 19.80 def. Bede Durbidge (AUS) 12.83
Heat 12: Nat Young (USA) 18.23 def. Filipe Toledo (BRA) 7.60
Heat 1: Taj Burrow (AUS) 18.10 def. Fred Patacchia (HAW) 12.33
Heat 2: John John Florence (HAW) 16.10 def. Damien Hobgood (USA) 16.06
Heat 3: Jordy Smith (ZAF) 18.30 def. Kieren Perrow (AUS) 14.70
Heat 4: Jeremy Flores (FRA) vs.Miguel Pupo (BRA)
Heat 5: Kai Otton (HAW) vs. Sebastian Zietz (HAW)
Heat 6: Kelly Slater (USA) vs. Mitchel Coleborn (AUS)
Heat 7: Mick Fanning (AUS) vs. Heitor Alves (BRA)
Heat 8: C.J. Hobgood (USA) vs. Travis Logie (ZAF)
Heat 9: Josh Kerr (AUS) vs. Brett Simpson (USA)
Heat 10: Julian Wilson (AUS) vs. Kolohe Andino (USA)
Heat 11: Nat Young (USA) vs. Matt Wilkinson (AUS)
Heat 12: Joel Parkinson (AUS) vs. Yadin Nicol (AUS)


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Energy Future Holdings Corp., the Texas power company Henry Kravis and David Bonderman took private in 2007 in the biggest-ever leveraged buyout, filed for bankruptcy after reaching a deal to cut billions in debt.
The filing today in Wilmington, Delaware, is the result of months of wrangling among creditors, owners and management, and comes after a wave of deregulation opened Texas's wholesale energy market to competition.
Energy Future, formerly known as TXU Corp., had bet wrongly that the price of natural gas, used to make electricity, would rise enough to justify the company's $48 billion price.
"Energy Future Holdings is just another example of road kill on the electric deregulation highway," said Paul Patterson, a New York-based analyst for Glenrock Associates LLC.
In the past three years, independent power producers Dynegy Inc. and Edison Mission Energy, a unit of Edison International, have sought bankruptcy protection amid a collapse in electricity prices.
Today's filing has already drawn objections from one group of creditors, who accused Dallas-based Energy Future's executives of mismanagement.
The trustee for some junior noteholders of the Energy Future unit Texas Competitive Electric Holdings attacked the bankruptcy deal, accusing managers of "disabling conflicts of interest."
In court filings, they asked U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Christopher Sontchi for permission to obtain documents from the company and question managers under oath. They also want the case moved to a bankruptcy court in Texas.
Wilmington Savings Fund Society FSB is the successor trustee for the $1.6 billion in second-lien notes due 2021, which come after $24 billion in first-lien debt and before $6 billion in lower priority debt.
Senior debtholders, who typically have more influence over a bankruptcy case than lower-ranked creditors because they have higher priority to be paid, back the debt-cutting plan.
"We are pleased to have the support of our key financial stakeholders for a consensual restructuring," Chief Executive Officer John Young said in a statement. "We fully expect to continue normal business operations during the reorganization."
Energy Future said it seeks to exit bankruptcy in 11 months. The company also said it has commitments for financing totaling more than $11 billion, including $7.3 billion for Energy Future Intermediate Holding.
As part of the financing, some bondholders are planning a $1.9 billion capital infusion with a 5 percent fee that will function both as a debtor-in-possession loan and a rights offering, according to a person familiar with the matter.
Under the proposal announced today, the company's deregulated Texas Competitive Electric Holdings unit would separate from Energy Future without triggering "any material tax liability," according to the company. The plan would hand ownership of Texas Competitive to creditors in exchange for eliminating $23 billion in debt.
One dispute in pre-bankruptcy talks was over whether to break up the company. Splitting the regulated and deregulated portions of Energy Future might trigger a tax bill of more than $7 billion, people with knowledge of the matter had said.
About $3.1 billion in debt would be canceled at the holding companies that own the regulated utility Oncor.
The company has about 9,100 employees, most of whom work in three main businesses: electricity generation, retail electricity sales, where they face competition, and the rate-regulated transmission and distribution business, according to a filing.
About $31 billion of its funded debt was issued by the generation business and its affiliates and $7.7 billion by the entity that owns Oncor.
Today's petition listed assets of $36.4 billion and debt of of $49.7 billion. The bankruptcy ranks with Enron Corp.'s $48.9 billion collapse in 2001. Billionaire Warren Buffett called his $2 billion investment in Energy Future bonds "a big mistake."
Texas's largest electricity provider traces its roots to a business that first powered electric lights in Dallas in 1882. The 2007 going-private deal, coming at the peak of a three-year boom in leveraged buyouts, turned into a big loss for Kravis's KKR & Co., as well as Bonderman's TPG Capital and Lloyd Blankfein's Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, which loaded the company with debt.
The buyout, larger even than KKR's 1989 takeover of RJR Nabisco Inc., left Energy Future struggling to reduce debt. The trouble began when the financial crisis, coupled with booming shale production, sent gas prices down starting in 2008.
KKR and TPG later wrote down most of their $5 billion equity investment to 5 cents on the dollar. The deal included a total of $8.3 billion in equity, including checks from co- investing clients. KKR's and TPG's losses were partly offset by more than $500 million in fees generated by the buyout through October 2012, Energy Future said in regulatory filings.
Energy Future bondholders saw their investments dive as gas prices plunged to less than $2 from a July 2008 high of more than $13 per million British thermal units. The company made $5 million in the third quarter of 2013, its first net income since the fourth quarter of 2010.
In an annual report on March 1, Buffett said his Omaha, Nebraska-based Berkshire Hathaway Inc. had a pretax loss of $873 million on its $2 billion Energy Future debt investment after selling it for $259 million last year and receiving $837 million in interest.
Funds such as Leon Black's Apollo Global Management LLC, Howard Marks's Oaktree Capital Group LLC and Centerbridge Capital Partners LP amassed Energy Future debt after the buyout, giving them a seat at the negotiating table when the company sought to reach a restructuring deal with creditors.
This week's filing followed collapsed talks in October that aimed to avoid a $270 million interest payment that was ultimately made to otherwise out-of-the-money creditors. In the final week of October, months of negotiations blew up after a failure to reach consensus with every investor group.
A pre-arranged agreement "avoids the pandemonium of an unorganized bankruptcy," Erik Gordon, a professor at the University of Michigan's business and law schools, said before the filing. "It would have taken years for a bankruptcy court to understand the ramifications of the competing plans that would have been filed."
The $1.9 billion capital infusion will be funded by five holders of the company's "payment-in-kind" notes due 2018, a person familiar with the matter said. They are Avenue Capital Group, York Capital Management, GSO Capital Partners, Third Avenue Management and Peter Schoenfeld Asset Management, said the person, who requested anonymity because the matter isn't public.
The financing, which becomes a $2 billion loan including a 5 percent fee, will function as a rights offering, the person said, open to outside parties including other PIK noteholders and Fidelity Management & Research Co. Fidelity manages $1.9 trillion of assets and owns debt in at least seven parts of the company.
The infusion will be part of $7.3 billion in operating funds in total for the Energy Future Intermediate Holding unit, according to the person. Texas Competitive Electric Holdings has about $4.48 billion in proposed financing, according to the company statement.
Energy Future Intermediate's 11.25 percent bonds due December 2018 traded at 91 cents on the dollar and are still bid there, according to a person familiar with the matter. Those securities were quoted at 83.8 cents on the dollar yesterday, according to prices compiled by Bloomberg.
Kirkland & Ellis LLP is the company's main bankruptcy counsel, and its advisers include Evercore Partners Inc. and Alvarez & Marsal North America LLC, according to the petition.
The case is Energy Future Holdings Corp., 14-10979, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Delaware (Wilmington).
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News


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I'm super glad I snapped this photo before we went inside because I didn't end up really taking much more.
We were planning to attend the family fireworks at Navy Pier that would be going on right about now. But as we were leaving the aquarium, my elderly 4-year-old complained of arthritis in his knee (or he bumped it or something) and the older boys wanted to go home and Ivy promptly fell asleep as soon as we strapped her in the car seat.
SO, instead of dishing out another $20 for parking and then bearing the cold cold COLD, we pointed our car homeward.
And here we are.
I've got to make this quick- ice cream sundaes with ALL the fixins are up next, and then Pop Rocks for everyone before bed, to ring in the New Year together as a family.
I longingly said goodbye to the city as we headed home. The lights, the snow falling ever so gently, it was all picture perfect.
Another time, another me would have ran to it with open arms. But this time, this me, her arms are already full.
Happy happy happy New Year, friends.
Subscribe to my blog here
Twitter me- I'm babysteph


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The Chicago Park District will host a Minority and Women Owned Vendor Fair at South Shore Cultural Center, 7059 S. South Shore Dr., Tuesday, Sept. 17 from 9 a.m. – 1 p.m. This event will offer vendors an opportunity to learn about the District's procurement process in addition to connecting with representatives from the Chicago Park District and other organizations.
"The Chicago Park District is not only focused on recreation," said Chicago Park District General Superintendent and CEO Michael Kelly. "We are also committed to the development and utilization of Chicago's minority and women-owned businesses and the value they bring to the communities and families we serve."
The fair brings together a number of buying organizations including the City of Chicago, sister agencies and city museums committed to identifying qualified MBE/WBE firms. It is also an excellent networking opportunity for businesses. Representatives from companies that do business with the Chicago Park District will be on hand to discuss their experience. In addition, staff from MBE/WBE assist agencies and certification agencies will be present.
During the workshops, Chicago Park District department personnel will discuss desired contractor qualifications and experience as well as performance measures for their respective contracts. The Department of Purchasing will discuss the District's procurement process and how businesses can participate.
The firms encouraged to attend are distributors, construction contractors (all trades), manufacturers, professional services, landscape services, janitorial services, financial services, legal services and printing and graphic design.
As of 2012, the District awarded 29% of total contract dollars to MBE firms and 9% of total contract dollars to WBE firms. To register for this event, visit http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/doing-business/mbewbe-vendor-fair/. Registration is online and new users should create an account.
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Rock County Humane Society tabs Hokinson as community relations director
Gazette staff
Thursday, January 2, 2014
The Rock County Humane Society has hired Allison Hokinson as its part-time community relations director.
Formerly, Hokinson served as the executive director of YWCA Rock County. She holds a bachelor's degree in English and journalism from University of Iowa and has more than 20 years of experience in marketing, communications and community relations.


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It's been a busy year in the IP world, with billion-dollar patent verdicts, notable legislation and upcoming Supreme Court arguments. In our February cover story, InsideCounsel examines the seven most pressing IP issues and provides expert insight on how they may impact corporate counsel.
1. How will the war between Apple and Samsung end?
Experts disagree on whether this long-running, global patent battle will conclude with a settlement or a trip to the Supreme Court, but many agree that its outcome will have a lasting impact on the IP and mobile device world. If the two companies settle, for instance, it could result in a cross-licensing agreement such as that in a recent settlement between Apple and HTC.
No matter the outcome, the dispute also has underscored the increasing importance of design rights, which many high-tech companies are protecting with patents.
2. How will companies—and the patent office—deal with the implementation of the America Invents Act?
The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) became law in September 2011, but companies are still bracing for its central provisions, which go into effect next month. Among the biggest changes enshrined in the law is the transition from a first-to-invent to a first-inventor-to-file system, and a broader definition of prior art that includes international public use or sale.
The AIA also increases the standard for filing multidefendant patent suits—which patent trolls often use to widely assert their patents—and allows parties to contest patents more quickly with its post-grant and inter partes review proceedings.
3. Are human genes patentable?
This question is one that the Supreme Court is poised to take up in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics. The Federal Circuit has twice upheld Myriad's patents on two human genes, once in light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus. In that case, the high court ruled that Prometheus' method for determining the effectiveness of a drug was not patentable because it involved a "law of nature."
"A lot of people in the industry are concerned that [the Supreme Court will] limit eligibility by striking down these claims," says Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider Partner Jonathan Harris. "It's hard to know, but they took the Myriad case for a reason. There's obviously something the Federal Circuit did that they did not like."
4. Who will fill Kappos' shoes?
Among the flurry of government officials to resign following President Obama's November re-election was David Kappos, director of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), who left to join Cravath, Swaine & Moore as a partner. During Kappos' three and a half year tenure, the agency began to implement the America Invents Act (AIA) and reduced its patent application backlog by almost 150,000.
Experts also credit Kappos, a former IBM Corp. attorney, with fostering a spirit of cooperation between the agency and patent applicants. Former Crowell & Moring Partner and PTO deputy director Teresa Stanek Rea is now serving as the agency's acting director, and has been identified as a potential permanent successor to Kappos.
5. How will companies manage the new gTLDs?
With the introduction of generic top-level domains (gTLDs), companies are no longer confined to standard domain names such as .com, .net and .org; now they have their pick of gTLDs including .toys, .film and even .porn. The new system could be a boon for companies looking to strengthen their brands, but it could also cause problems if cybersquatters try to buy up domains associated with other companies.
Anticipating these concerns, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has created a Trademark Clearinghouse, where brand owners can object to gTLDs or file to protect their trademarks. But Erik Pelton, a former PTO examiner, says that there are still questions about the structure and effectiveness of that system.
6. How will IP issues play out on mobile platforms?
The rise of mobile technology has brought with it a whole host of privacy, data security and intellectual property issues. On the IP front, brand owners now face the possibility that app developers will infringe on their intellectual property in apps that are then downloaded by millions of users. The task of monitoring these ever-shifting apps is often significantly more difficult than sending a takedown notice for a static webpage.
"The policing has become infinitely more complicated, and it's always a moving target whether somehow your brand has been co-opted inside an app, the app itself infringes or the title infringes," says Randi Singer, a partner at Weil, Gotshal & Manges.
7. What are the copyright rules when TV and the Internet collide?
The combination of traditional TV watching with newer technologies has raised new questions about IP protection. Notably, the 2nd Circuit ruled in 2008 that a Cablevision DVR service that stores video in the cloud and streams it to users does not infringe on the rights of copyright owners, because it is similar to VCR recordings. But more legal challenges to similar services have continued to arise.
"Can we create this centralized VCR? Is this technology more like the Internet version of the DVR, or more like Internet-delivered video-on-demand?" Todd Larson, a lawyer at Weil, Gotshal & Manges, says companies and courts are asking. "How you answer that simple question has very different legal implications, and very quickly, you get into the finer points of arcane copyright law definitions."


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Quandoo makes it easy to find the London, Battersea Steakhouse restaurants that are right for you. Narrow down your search by using an array of filters like price range, district and cuisine, and book tables at local restaurants with ease. Leave a review and let your opinion be known, and collect Loyalty Points along the way. The best Steakhouse restaurants in London, Battersea are awaiting you!
Saving a table at the best Steakhouse restaurants in London, Battersea is fast and easy with Quandoo. There are as many as 1 bookable Steakhouse restaurants in London, Battersea for you to choose from, with options for every price range. Use the map to find the restaurants closest to you, check out menus and read reviews, and book London, Battersea restaurants with ease.


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For millions of fans from coast to coast and around the world, there is nothing quite like race day. When British Grand Prix comes around on the schedule, some of the world's best drivers convene to race around the track at blazing speeds, leaving fans in awe. Unlike watching on television, being at the track is an experience unlike any other. The sights, sounds and smells of being the British Grand Prix, will leave you wanting to come back again and again.
We always want to make sure you have a positive experience when you are buying British Grand Prix tickets from our site and we have the security, selection and customer service to do just that for you! After you complete your ticket purchase, rest assured that the British Grand Prix tickets you bought will be in your hands in time for you to enjoy every moment of being at the race track. So whether you want more racing tickets or tickets to any other event in sports, music or theatre, TicketNetwork has what you are looking for.