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Talk:Scope (computer science)
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Misleading lead text.[edit]
In my experience, the concept of "scope" pertains exclusively to identifiers and declarations; and indeed, most of the article is only about scope insofar as it pertains to identifiers and declarations. (Though, maybe that's not saying much: most of the article is only about variable-names, and obviously lots of other things can also have scope.) The lead text, however, seems to downplay that aspect of scope; the word "identifier" hardly appears, and instead we get text about "values and expressions", and about how scopes can "contain statements and/or expressions which define an executable algorithm or part thereof" and can "nest or be nested" (which I think are really supposed to be statements about blocks, in block-structured languages, rather than about scopes per se).
So, I think the lead text should be completely rewritten.
Before I proceed — does anyone disagree?
—RuakhTALK 04:36, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
"variables in C can be accessed outside their scope"[edit]
Diego Moya (talk · contribs) removed the statement that
> Outside of its scope, a declaration or identifier effectively does not exist.
describing it as a "false claim" because "variables in C can be accessed outside their scope".
I think (s)he's mistaken, but edit-summaries aren't the place to carry out this argument, so: Diego Moya, can you explain what you mean? For example, can you give an example of valid C code where a variable-name is accessed outside of its scope?
—RuakhTALK 16:12, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- As I further edited, some compilers in some languages allow the programmer to access the variable outside their official scope and the result will be compiler-dependent and not portable. For example, a loop variable has only a language-defined value inside the loop, but in some compilers and languages (I don't remember if this was Turbo C++ or Turbo Pascal) you can still access its value outside the loop block after it terminated. Given that the behaviour is undefined, the result is outside the language official semantics, but some programs will still be coded in this way and have its running behavior dependent of this "undocumented feature". Diego (talk) 17:55, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- No, the scope of the variable is defined by the language semantics, not the compiler implementation (this is why we say the behaviour is "undefined", not "defined by the compiler"). In this compiler the variable is used outside the scope.
- In C in particular, you can also access the memory space of a local variable through a pointer after the scope has finished. This is another instance of the variable "existing outside its scope".
- Your version of the lead is better than the previous existing one; but I wanted to first 1) clarify this point, and 2) avoid that the scope definition mainly depends on the definition of "bound", which it was before. Explaining what happens to the variable when it's outside its scope is a good way to understand what happens when it's inside it. Diego (talk) 18:15, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- Re: first paragraph: I think you're talking out of both sides of your mouth. Either what's relevant is the de jure language semantics, in which case the variable-name does not exist outside of its scope (because it doesn't exist outside its official scope), or what's relevant is the de facto language semantics implemented by the compiler, in which case the variable-name does not exist outside of its scope (because its scope is wider than its official scope). It's perfectly valid to discuss, and contrast, both of these, but we shouldn't try to blur them by making statements that refer partly to each and are true of neither. (And by the way, if you have any evidence that referring to a variable outside of its scope is "undefined behavior" in any language other than C and C++, I'd be glad to see it.)
- Re: second paragraph: That's completely irrelevant to this discussion, which is about whether a declaration or identifier exists outside of its scope. The statement "the variable exists outside of its scope, and can be accessed via a pointer" is true for one sense of "variable", but the statement "the variable-name exists outside of its scope, and can be accessed via a pointer" would be false. The latter is what's relevant to a discussion of identifiers. (Don't get me wrong, I think the former is absolutely worth mentioning; but it doesn't justify removing a correct statement about identifiers.)
- Re: third paragraph: I'm not the one who introduced the word "bound". I tried to avoid it initially when I rewrote the lead text, but when you restored it, I had to admit that your version was less awkward than "the context within which a[n …] identifier identifies what it identifies", so I left it be.
- —RuakhTALK 18:38, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- I've reviewed my edits, and with your comments now I see where you're coming from. A variable is actually comprised of two parts, a name and a data storage location. My sentences make sense if you think of the "storage" part, which still exists outside the scope of the "name" part.
- I was confused by your use of "variable-*dash*-name", which is a non-standard way to write it and not used in the target article Variable (computer science); thus it isn't clear what its meaning is in the lead. I did not understand that you were referring only to the name in the rest of the paragraph; my sentences were referring to the variable as a whole, and the data storage location in particular. Note that when talking only about the variable name you're describing a particular form of identifier, so it's redundant with the other assertions about identifiers.
- Now can we edit the lead so that distinction between the scope of the variable name and the access to the variable storage is clear? Diego (talk) 22:11, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
- Re: your first paragraph: I still don't think your sentences made sense, because although the term "variable" is genuinely ambiguous between {name} and {name + storage}, the term "identifier" does not share that ambiguity. A variable's storage can indeed exist while its name is out of scope, but you used that fact to justify removing a sentence that didn't even mention variables! But if we're on the same page now, then I don't suppose it matters.
- Re: first part of your second paragraph: I'm surprised that you find "variable-name" confusing, but by all means, we can change it to "variable name".
- Re: "when talking only about the variable name you're describing a particular form of identifier": yes, exactly; re: "so it's redundant with the other assertions about identifiers": not at all. I was perfectly aware that variable-names are one kind of identifier, and therefore avoided such redundancy. Sometimes I made a statement about identifiers in general; sometimes I made a statement only about variable-names (when it didn't seem worth elaborating on how it applied to other identifiers); and sometimes I made a statement about variable-names, followed by a mention of "other identifiers".
- Re: your last paragraph: yes, certainly, if you wish. I've never objected to that.
- —RuakhTALK 01:43, 24 February 2012 (UTC)
Understanding Lexical/Dynamic Scoping[edit]
So I came here following some link trying to find out what exactly the difference between Lexical/Dynamic Scoping is. I read through the page for a few minutes and actually still hadn't much of a clue. Then I went to this page: http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DynamicScoping
It's very easy to understand from these two paragraphs:
"In lexical scoping (and if you're the interpreter), you search in the local function (the function which is running now), then you search in the function (or scope) in which that function was defined, then you search in the function (scope) in which that function was defined, and so forth. "Lexical" here refers to text, in that you can find out what variable is being referred to by looking at the nesting of scopes in the program text.
In dynamic scoping, by contrast, you search in the local function first, then you search in the function that called the local function, then you search in the function that called that function, and so on, up the call stack. "Dynamic" refers to change, in that the call stack can be different every time a given function is called, and so the function might hit different variables depending on where it is called from."
In contrast to this the text here goes:
"In lexical scoping (or lexical scope; also called static scoping or static scope), if a variable name's scope is a certain function, then its scope is the program text of the function definition: within that text, the variable name exists, and is bound to its variable, but outside that text, the variable name does not exist. By contrast, in dynamic scoping (or dynamic scope), if a variable name's scope is a certain function, then its scope is the time-period during which the function is executing: while the function is running, the variable name exists, and is bound to its variable, but after the function returns, the variable name does not exist. "
I don't know, but this doesn't make much sense to me. I'm trying to understand what it tries to express but it isn't easy, even though I know from the above explanation what the whole thing tries to express.
--Birgitschrange (talk) 10:55, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
- Your information is very helpful to me. I've developed the habit, when consulting WP, of going right to the talk pages, due to the (in my amateur opinion) unclear expositions I often find in articles (I nevertheless have benefitted greatly from WP and am grateful to all those who have worked on it). Actually, I have the same problem on the internet in general - it's hard to find good explanations. The explanation you have here seems to draw a very clear distinction. ---lifeform (talk) 00:43, 6 December 2014 (UTC)
Omission of Basic programming language[edit]
I was hoping to find references to the history of variable scoping in the Basic programming language. Was Microsoft Visual Basic the first to implement this feature/concept? Linhartr22 (talk) 16:51, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
Wrong reference to code[edit]
File scope ends with a reference to C code that does not exist in the text. However, perhaps the author was referring to the Python code above (because of the function name)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Polariseke (talk • contribs) 04:24, 1 December 2014 (UTC)
Visual Editor 'invented' additional changes[edit]
In this diff https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scope_%28computer_science%29&type=revision&diff=762080509&oldid=753892005 I am only responsible for the change in the perl code example. The Visual Editor invented all the other changes. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 14:56, 26 January 2017 (UTC)


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subset: commoncrawl


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There were probably twice as many such observers as there were practicing players, in fact. Which is a show of how much larger the spring event has become, to attract this much interest; as well as the investment Mississippi State makes. Coach Dan Mullen spoke to the assembled coaches in the Seal Complex dining hall even as practice was underway outside.
Visitors will get more Friday, including addresses by special guests. Mullen's former mentor Urban Meyer, coach of the two-time national champions at Florida with Mullen on staff as well as this year's Ohio State champs, is featured speaker. Also featured is former Penn State coach Bob O'Brien, another Mullen friend.
There will be no post-practice media meeting Friday, but that isn't a big deal. Because the real action for Bulldog fans comes Saturday. Mullen puts the Bulldogs back on Scott Field around 11:30am for the second and most important scrimmage of spring camp. The scrimmage is open to public view.
*The newest member of the rehab team is WR Joe Morrow. The first-team wideout went to the sideline during Tuesday's drills with what looked like a left arm problem after being taken down. He joined WR Gabe Myles in the pit full-time Thursday. Myles hurt his right ankle during last Saturday's scrimmage and now is getting around on crutches.
Usual suspects CB Taveze Calhoun, S Kendrick Market, LB Dez Harris remain on the rehab team. But you knew that already.
*Not many seasons ago having a couple of front-rank receivers sidelined would have hobbled drills. Not now. Years of recruiting have stocked the wideout roster beyond recognition.
As noted Tuesday, WR De'Runnya Wilson stepped out of rehab and right back onto the first receiver rotation. He works on the slot-receiver side paired there with WR Fred Ross; on the side where TE Gus Walley is in that slot it is now—with Morrow sidelined—usually WR Donald Gray. Usually, because redshirt WR Jesse Jackson has been getting lots of #1 snaps at split end, too.
Otherwise Jackson was the second wideout on the tight end side while WR Fred Brown backs up Wilson. With Myles down now, true frosh WR Malik Dear is taking advantage. Fast. He was running #2 to Ross all day, and literally running at times too. The high school back doesn't just run routes, he runs the ball out of end-arounds and sweeps and such.
It doesn't hurt overall depth either that not only is Shelby Christy able to practice again, he's doing it as a tight end now. But with the routes run, he certainly looks like a regular slot receiver matched with Dear or Ross from the other side.
Getting WR Deddrick Thomas back after a brief absence helps with depth too. He came up with a tough catch today when the throw from QB Damian Williams was low and Thomas dove, got hands between ball and grass, and rolled to keep control.
*There haven't been any real changes on the first team lines of scrimmage, either side, during spring ball. Until Thursday, that is.
DT Nick James was running #1 at right tackle during full-team periods. That's the spot held up to now by DT Nelson Adams, and purely on appearances Adams will still be first in fall. He did go with the 2s today most periods, but most figure this was a rotation sort of move to get junior James used to working alongside #1 LDT Chris Jones. They are the three veterans of the unit, after all.
So for Thursday the first defensive line was RE A.J. Jefferson, James, Jones, LE Ryan Brown; backed by RE Torrey Dale, Adams, RT Cory Thomas, RE Will Coleman. The third group was RE Jonathan Calvin, RT Braxton Hoyette, LT Lawrence Brown, LE Grant Harris.
On the offensive side the first-five hasn't changed in a month. Things are a little more interesting on the second squad this week. For a second day redshirt Elgton Jenkins was #2 at left tackle, ahead of Cole Carter. The rest of the second line is LG Kent Flowers, C Jocquell Johnson, RG Deion Calhoun, RT Martinas Rankin. The latter runs with the 2s when senior OT Damien Robinson can't participate.
The third unit was LT Carter, LG Michael Story, C Nick Proby, RG Jake Thomas, RT Ronald Cochran.
*Defensive coordinator Manny Diaz made his displeasure over the first scrimmage results very clear. His squad seems to have gotten the message. Because they have showed up stronger this week, and even a little chippier at times.
It began early with the first 20-minute period of 11-on-11, when DE Coleman got both hands up and on QB Nick Fitzgerald's pass. If not for point-blank range and lots of wrapping on the hands Coleman could have caught the ball like a tight end or something. A couple of series later in 1s vs 1s, MLB Richie Brown saw what was coming and came rolling across to intercept QB Dak Prescott and keep running around the right end for a 25-yard touchdown return.
When RB Brandon Holloway tried to take a pitch-left, all he found at the corner was, well, no corner at all. S Deontay Evans came up hard to seal the slot and tackle Holloway for a loss. That made Diaz happy. So did the 2s vs 2s series when new CB Jamoral Graham either read right or guessed right.
Because before wideout Jackson had begun to make a stop and turn Fitzgerald fired for the designed spot. Graham got there first for a sideline pick. Then again, maybe the former wideout recognized a play he used to practice?
Even the third teamers got into the action. When a walk-on wideout ran a middle route not only was the pass a bit off; two defenders in short order pinballed the poor guy who stayed on the turf for a few moments. Also in 3s on 3s, WR DeShun Dixon paid for a catch made when LB Quadry Antoine slammed him down.
In the second full-team competition period, CB Chris Rayford picked off Fitzgerald in 2s on 2s. With the first teams going at it, Prescott got annoyed by both a protection breakdown and a little extra contact at the whistle. He tossed the ball right into a defensive lineman's facemask, in fact. Later on DT Jones roared up the middle untouched for a sack of Prescott. No, not a true tackle sack, the passer stayed upright, but Jones got the message across.
Diaz still found things worth his wrath Thursday. Such as when #2 MLB Gerri Green let himself get screened away so Malik Dear could cut inside the left alley and take off for a TD. Diaz lit the redshirt 'backer up on the field then and there.
A series later the #2 defense tried a run blitz, and RB Dontavian Lee made them pay by finding a crack behind RT Martinas Rankin's sealing block and breaking one big. When that set of snaps was done, Diaz called the whole second unit over to the side behind a crowd of coaches and held a fast session of up-downs.
*For the position drills period the running back pecking order is Ashton Shumpert, Brandon Holloway, Aeris Williams, and Lee. For 11-on-11? Lee sure was getting a lot of turns with the first and second offense again, for running plays that is. If the period emphasizes passing, classmate Williams seems to get the nod. Not that Williams doesn't haul the ball capably, of course.
It's just that Lee fills the bill for a power runner with speed. Like, when he turned a simple counter into a quick break outside and long gain down the sideline. S Brandon Bryant wasn't happy and gave his classmate a shot at the end to show it.
*Dan Mullen likes to be a hands-on coach. He certainly took a hand in one practice period. That was when a running back and receiver pair were going against a trio of defenders on outside plays to test contain and control. The threesome were the 'sam' outside linebacker, the cornerback on that side of the field, and a supporting safety.
With the quarterbacks busy in passing drills on the other field, Mullen was the one either making the option pitch…or in a couple of plays throwing a pass to the back, just to keep the defenders on their cleat-toes. Of course the 'back' was usually a walk-on or kicker, and defenders didn't mind taking advantage to give a bit of extra pop on the stop. The quarterback-coach? Oh yeah, he was safe…though on a pass for #1 slot man Fred Ross, OLB Zach Jackson came over to tip the sideline throw away at the last instant.
Also as part of that drill, often two of the three were first-team defenders joined by a #2. That way everyone gets to work with everyone, instead of a straight rotation of 1s, 2s, etc.
*Speaking of quarterbacks… His work load is necessarily limited on 11-on-11 days since QB Elijah Staley can't ramble and scramble as the right knee heals. But there is another use for his strong arm.
During punt coverage practices, sometimes one of the kickers actually, well, kicked the ball. But most times, Staley cocked and fired a high, long pass that served just like a punt. Better even in some cases since not only could he aim it to the return man; but Staley can get a heckuva hang time, too.
We noted this week that Graham and Gray look like the leading candidates to play missiles on punt coverage. Add two more to that practice list, in Rayford and S Jahmere Irvin-Sills.


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In the circumstances a draw was probably for the best. Both sides could retreat from the field with honour intact and a realistic chance of progress to the quarter-final and, hopefully, both sets of fans could go home without any sense of grievance to reignite the violence that had flared before kick-off. A win over the Czech Republic in their final game will take Poland through, while Russia must simply avoid defeat against Greece.
In the stadium, the atmosphere was superb, raucous but unthreatening and, particularly when Jakub Blaszczykowski lashed in a magnificent equaliser, deafening. Outside, though, the mood had been tense as 5000 Russians, marking their country's national day, marched through Warsaw to the stadium. As the Russians clashed with Polish hooligans, police intervened. Their spokesman Marius Sokolowski confirmed water-cannon, tear-gas and auditory grenades had been used to restore order, while 56 arrests were made with more planned.
This was never going to be just a game. Police kept rival fans apart on the bridge over the Vistula river beforehand and the Russian anthem was whistled enthusiastically as their fans unfurled an enormous banner bearing the legend "This is Russia". It depicted the warrior prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who led the Russian resistance to Polish rule 400 years ago. Russia were neat in possession, but never quite achieved the same rhythm they had in their opening 4-1 victory over the Czech Republic. "I thought Russia were the better team," said their coach Dick Advocaat, who singled out the holding midfielder Igor Denisov for praise. "We played really well to get a good result. They had support of 40,000 people so they had a big advantage."
Click here to see the player ratings from Poland v Russia
It was Russia, though, who took a 37th-minute lead, an unmarked Alan Dzagoev glancing in Andrei Arshavin's free-kick to register his third goal in the tournament. The 21-year-old from Beslan has been hailed as the coming force of Russian football since scoring on his debut against Germany three years ago; he's arrived now. His technical ability, allied to a wiry physique that makes him deceptively good in the air, was never in doubt, but he is diffident by temperament and the fear was he lacked the hardness really to impose himself at the highest level.
"He has a lot of talent," said Advocaat. "He scored another goal. He did very well."
Poland had actually begun the better, Vyacheslav Malafeev making a number of fine saves before, as in their first match, they faded. "From 1-0 we controlled the game," said Advocaat. "It took a beautiful goal to equalise. Russia had more possession and created a little bit more."
That's a slightly generous reading. Poland rallied in the second half and were by far the more threatening, demonstrating just why the centre of defence, where the slow Aleksei Berezutsky partners the slower Sergei Ignashevich, is considered Russia's weakness. Malofeev had made two blocks from Robert Lewandowski when, on 57 minutes, Lukasz Piszczek played a pass inside Yuri Zhirkov. Blaszczykowski's first touch took him past Ignashevich and his second thrashed the ball into the top corner.
It was probably the goal of the tournament so far and, more importantly for Poland, it kept alive their hopes of reaching the last eight. "Today's match proved that we are able to win against the Czech Republic," said coach Franciszek Smuda. "Our team sees this chance of progressing and we'll try to take it."
Man of the match Blaszczykowski.
Match rating 7/10.
Referee W Stark (Ger).
Attendance 53,617.Reuse content


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I did a search for OB % of all MLB with at least 150 PA's and then clicked on the last page to see where Taveras fell. Came accross more names than just Taveras.
292 - Laynce Nix - .289
295 - Adam Rosales - .287
300 - Jay Bruce - .283
306 - Willy Taveras -.273
320 - A Gonzo - .239 (2nd to last)
5 of the lowest 28 OBP's in the entire major leagues are on the Cincinnati Reds.
This is entirely on the GM. How can a major league baseball team allow this to happen. How can the coaching staff still be employed? I've never seen an offense so bad. Never. They can't hit, or take a walk. Heads need to start Rolen (pun intended).


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Belle's Good Cide
|Belle's Good Cide
|Belle of Killarney
|Seattle Slew
|Little Current
|United States
|John Smicklas
|Saratoga Thoroughbreds
|26: 2-1-6
|Belle's Good Cide is a thoroughbred racehorse out of Belle of Killarney by Slewacide. She was born around 1993 in the United States, and was bred by John Smicklas.
|Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
Belle's Good Cide (born 1993 - died March 8, 2003) was an Oklahoma-bred Thoroughbred racing mare. Bred by John Smicklas, she was the chestnut dam of the chestnut stakes winner Funny Cide (by Distorted Humor). Belle's dam was Belle of Killarney (who also produced the stakes winning Belle of Cozzene), and her sire was Slewacide (a son of Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, Seattle Slew).
Belle raced for three years, starting 26 times, winning twice, and earning $26,696.
First sold for $2,800 at the 1994 Heritage Place Fall sale, she then went to the Boniface family's Bonita Farm agent who purchased her, barren at the time, for $3,500 at December 2001 Fasig-Tipton's Midlantic mixed sale. She finished her life at McMahon of Saratoga Thoroughbreds in Saratoga Springs, New York where Funny Cide was born.
Belle's Good Cide was euthanized due to complications from colic in 2003 just after giving birth to her fourth foal, a chestnut colt by Mojave Moon and bred by Bonita Farm of Maryland. This happened shortly before Funny Cide's Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes victories. The foal was called Homicide and began racing in the year 2006. In 2008 he proved to be a successful point to point horse in Maryland [1].
Of her four foals, among which were Coincide (a grey colt by Cozzene) and Rockside (a bay filly by Personal Flag, a full brother to Hall of Famer, Personal Ensign), all were runners, one is an Eclipse Award winning champion, and two were and are winners.
While Distorted Humor's stud fee skyrocketed as his and Belle's son, Funny Cide, became a champion, there was no opportunity for new horses to be bred with the gelded Funny Cide's maternal ancestry after he had achieved fame.
|The above article was imported from Wikipedia.org on 08/24/2010 and may be a modified version of the Original Wikipedia article. See this article's history page for a list of revisions which may have occurred after import. This article is displayed here courtesy of the Wikimedia Foundation, Wikipedia, and its authors/contributors in compliance with the Wikimedia Terms of Use Agreement. This article was imported and is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 (CC-BY-SA). Clicking on photos, videos, or drawings in this article will display copyright and license information for that non-text media where available.


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Dr. Friedman has published over 275 articles and chapters. He is holder of 11 patents in the area of stereotactic surgery and radiosurgery. He is a nationally recognized expert in brain tumor surgery, radiosurgery, and trigeminal neuralgia.
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Witty and beautiful, Nell was born into poverty but is drawn into the enthralling world of the theater, where her saucy humor and sensuous charm earn her a place in the King's Company. As one of the first actresses in the newly-opened playhouses, she catapults to fame, winning the affection of legions of fans-and the heart of the most powerful man in all of England, the King himself. Surrendering herself to Charles, Nell will be forced to maneuver the ruthless and shifting allegiances of the royal court-and discover a world of decadence and passion she never imagined possible.
About the Author
Gillian Bagwell began her professional life in theater and united her lifelong love of books, British history, and the stage by writing The Darling Strumpet. Her second novel, The September Queen (U.K. title, The King's Mistress) recounts the perilous and romantic odyssey of Jane Lane, who risked her life to help the young Charles II escape after the disastrous Battle of Worcester in 1651. Venus in Winter is a sweeping and romantic novel of Bess of Hardwick, the formidable four-times widowed Tudor dynast who is the forebear of numerous noble lines including the current royal family of Britain.


text: Instituto para el desarrollo empresarial (INDEM) http://hdl.handle.net/10016/6577 2017-06-27T10:29:32Z 2017-06-27T10:29:32Z Pricing the quality of an innovative idea Alvarez Iturri, Silvana Valeria http://hdl.handle.net/10016/24183 2017-04-18T15:12:46Z 2017-02-09T00:00:00Z Pricing the quality of an innovative idea Alvarez Iturri, Silvana Valeria Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial This paper aims to analyze whether the quality of an innovative idea can spur the patent's price. From an economic perspective, we address the question of how the quality of an innovative idea increases the patent's price. We examine the problem for the case of a single innovation rather than patent´s families. Therefore, we follow the assumption that innovative ideas have patents. Nevertheless, the analysis is divided into two stages; first we estimated the quality of the innovation by quantifying information of the patent documents from the patent portfolios of firms of the ICT sector over the period 1996 to 2015. By providing new empirical evidence, we showed that the patent´s quality can be estimate with multiple observed patents' characteristics which are significant related to the utility of the patent in the market and its impact on the follow-on innovation. The analyses also estimate the patent's price in the market for technologies based on the quality index. In the same way, we used information of the patent´s transaction in the ICT sector over the period of 2012- 2015 and review the main costs of the American, European and the international patent system. Our finale results indicate the possibility to reduce the asymmetric information of the quality in the patent´s transactions by using public information. 2017-02-09T00:00:00Z Differential equations connecting VaR and CVaR Balbás, Alejandro Balbás, Beatriz Balbás, Raquel http://hdl.handle.net/10016/24017 2017-04-18T15:12:46Z 2017-01-09T00:00:00Z Differential equations connecting VaR and CVaR Balbás, Alejandro; Balbás, Beatriz; Balbás, Raquel Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial The Value at Risk (VaR) is a very important risk measure for practitioners, supervisors and researchers. Many practitioners draw on VaR as a critical instrument in Risk Management and other Actuarial/Financial problems, while super- visors and regulators must deal with VaR due to the Basel Accords and Solvency II, among other reasons. From a theoretical point of view VaR presents some drawbacks overcome by other risk measures such as the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). VaR is neither differentiable nor sub-additive because it is neither continuous nor convex. On the contrary, CVaR satis es all of these properties, and this simpli es many ana- lytical studies if VaR is replaced by CVaR. In this paper several differential equations connecting both VaR and CVaR will be presented. They will allow us to address several important issues involving VaR with the help of the CVaR properties. This new methodology seems to be very efficient. In particular, a new VaR Representation Theorem may be found, and optimization problems involving VaR or probabilistic constraints always have an equivalent differentiable optimization problem. Applications in VaR, marginal VaR, CVaR and marginal CVaR estimates will be addressed as well. An illustrative actuarial numerical example will be given. 2017-01-09T00:00:00Z The newsvendor problem with convex risk Charron, Jean Philippe Balbás, Alejandro http://hdl.handle.net/10016/23950 2017-04-18T15:12:45Z 2016-12-12T00:00:00Z The newsvendor problem with convex risk Charron, Jean Philippe; Balbás, Alejandro Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial The newsvendor problem is a classical topic in Management Science and Operations Research. It deals with purchases and price strategies when a least one deadline is involved. In this paper we will assume that the decision is driven by an optimization problem involving both expected pro ts and risks. As a main novelty, risks will be given by a convex risk measure, including the usual utility functions. This approach will allow us to nd necessary and su¢ cient optimality conditions under very general frameworks, since we will not need any speci c assumption about the demand distribution. 2016-12-12T00:00:00Z Must an optimal buy and hold strategy contain any derivative? Balbás, Alejandro Balbás, Beatriz Balbás, Raquel http://hdl.handle.net/10016/23912 2017-04-18T15:12:44Z 2016-11-21T00:00:00Z Must an optimal buy and hold strategy contain any derivative? Balbás, Alejandro; Balbás, Beatriz; Balbás, Raquel Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial Consider a portfolio choice problem maximizing the expected return and simultaneously minimizing a general (and frequently coherent) risk measure. This paper shows that every stock (or stock index) is often outperformed by a buy and hold strategy containing some of its derivatives and the underlying stock itself. As a consequence, every investment only containing international benchmarks will not be efficient, and the investors must properly add some derivatives. Though there is still a controversy, this finding had been pointed out in dynamic frameworks, but the novelty is that one does not need to rebalance the portfolio of derivatives before their expiration date. This is very important in practice because transaction costs are sometimes significant when trading derivatives. 2016-11-21T00:00:00Z


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Grady. Thank you sir.
This is a discussion on What to do in another Virginia Tech incident? within the Carry & Defensive Scenarios forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Originally Posted by JudoJake Believe me any comment from me was not meant to be insulting. I believe you based on the tone of your ...
I really don't care much about myself and the idea of trying to live as long as possible, other than how it impacts my family. I have had so many great opportunities in life that if I were to pass away now, I would have no right to complain about the life I've been given. But without trying to sound conceited, my family does need me. They would survive if I wasn't around, but it wouldn't be easy, and it wouldn't be comfortable.
But you are correct on where we differ: I place concerns for my immediate family above concerns for humanity as a whole.
And here is my quote that I am trying to live by now: "If a man won't provide for his own family, he is worse than an infidel."
I would tell everyone to stay calm and silent, and let them know that I am armed and am going to take a defensive position, draw my gun, and line the sights up with middle of the door. If anyone else is armed, they can do the same if they wish. If that door opens, I will have to make sure it is not an innocent bystander trying to seek cover, or LEO responding to frantic 911 calls. If it is a guy wanting to shoot everyone in sight, I will run all 16 of my 124 gr. 9mm HSTs into his chest and head if I can, reload, and see if he's still standing. Once that is done, holster my gun, check for victims in the room, and wait for LEOs to arrive.
USMC rule # 23 of gunfighting: Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everyone you meet.
I am the God fearing, gun toting, flag waving conservative you were warned about!
My name is Frogman46 and I'm tougher than you.
Sig P220R/Sig P239 (9mm)/ S&W 640/ Ruger Single Six Hunter (.22LR/Mag)/ CZ 452 Varmint .22LR/ Lee Enfield No4 MK2 sporterized dated 1959/ Mosin Nagant M90-30 dated 1942/
Clearly you are not capable of understanding any other side to the argument. Good day.
My name is Frogman46 and I'm tougher than you.
I would let that (liberal sheep) have a chance to go out into the hall and try to talk sense to the maniac with the gun. I bet he wouldn't get two words out before the maniac started shooting.


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Jakob Silfverberg - SEL Champion and Playoffs MVP
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Is there another article where he talked about those standards he set, or other goals of his? Would be interested in checking it out.
Haha no, and I wasn't serious about those "standards".
I said it when he made the decision to not come over despite the Sens admittedly trying to convince him to....I think Silfverberg's issue was that he's very smart. Either he's got a good grip on himself or he's getting some really good guidance from somewhere.
This kid wants to play in the league, his favourite teams going into the draft were listed at Ottawa and Detroit....he's certainly enthused about playing in the NHL and playing in Ottawa. But after all this, he decided to take it slow.
He accomplished all those things and now he's ready...you don't see many kids turn down the NHL when it comes calling, unless they don't want to be there. This kid wants to be there, and he wanted to be truly ready. It's a process that many kids have been rushed through....but not one where prospects choose to be "anti-rushed".
For this reason, how he enters the league and transitions to the league will be interesting for anyone that has a take on how player development and paths to the NHL should be handled. This kids legitimately about as mature as you can be before coming to the NHL, while still being a young player that has room to grow.
Like I said before, he's either very mature, or he's at least mature enough to listen to someone giving him some really sound guidance.
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Favorite Album:Queen II
Queen fan since:when their first lp was released.
I became a Queen fan because:i've always liked bands with harmonies. liked brians early guitar playing and sound. i liked the heaviness of the band. every album i bought i was in hope of more guitar than the previous lp, but i was always disappointed.of course the big thing that impressed me the most with the first album was that there were no moustaches.
My favorite Queen item I own:


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Sunday, April 08, 2007
God's Feet
Here's the homily I preached at the Great Vigil three years ago, which may be my favorite I've written (and to which the congregation responded with intense emotion). This isn't a piece I'd have delivered on Easter Sunday itself, when the people in the pews expect more conventional observances, but it was perfect for the small Saturday night service.
I've posted the Gospel passage, Matthew 28:1-10, in full below, because you can't make sense of the homily without knowing what it says. Keep in mind that the congregation always hears the homily immediately after the Gospel. Obviously, the line that snagged my attention in this passage was, "And they came to him, took hold of his feet, and worshipped him." The homily, using the ancient Jewish technique of midrash, followed quite easily.
When I preached, I wore red -- Mary Magdalene's traditional color -- and ended the homily with a bit of performance theater by taking off the sandals I was wearing.
As for the picture with this post: yes, I know Jesus didn't wear Birkenstocks (although he probably would have if Birks had been available in the first century). But it turns out to be surprisingly difficult to find photographs of men's feet in sandals on the Internet -- at least, on sites that don't cater to extremely esoteric tastes.
Last night's homily went very well too; all of the comments I got were very positive, and my friend Katharine cried.
The Gospel
After the sabbath, as the first day of the week was dawning, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb. 2And suddenly there was a great earthquake; for an angel of the Lord, descending from heaven, came and rolled back the stone and sat on it. 3His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow. 4For fear of him the guards shook and became like dead men. 5But the angel said to the women, 'Do not be afraid; I know that you are looking for Jesus who was crucified. 6He is not here; for he has been raised, as he said. Come, see the place where he* lay. 7Then go quickly and tell his disciples, "He has been raised from the dead,* and indeed he is going ahead of you to Galilee; there you will see him." This is my message for you.' 8So they left the tomb quickly with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. 9Suddenly Jesus met them and said, 'Greetings!' And they came to him, took hold of his feet, and worshipped him. 10Then Jesus said to them, 'Do not be afraid; go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me.'
The Homily
Dear Mary,
I've been thinking a lot about that morning. I don't think either of us could think very well at the time; we were too scared, and so was everybody else. We probably weren't as scared as the guards were, because we'd spent enough time around Jesus to see some pretty amazing things. But even we had never seen anything like that: the earthquakes, and the messenger who shone like the sun and crackled like lightning, the one who would have blinded us if we'd looked straight at him. When he told us in a voice like thunder that Jesus had risen from the dead, that the grave was empty now, I thought I must be crazy again, that the demons Jesus had cast out of me had come back. Even when that shining messenger showed us the empty tomb -- the inside of it all lit up, because the messenger was standing there, shedding light like a lantern -- I thought it was a trick. I thought someone had stolen the body. That's why the guards were there in the first place, after all, so no one would steal it, his poor broken body. Maybe someone had bribed them? Peter, maybe. That seemed like something Peter would do.
But Peter had nothing to do with it, and I wasn't crazy, was I? Because when the messenger told us to go tell the men, when we started running down the road to deliver that impossible, heart-wrenching message, there he was, standing in front of us: the person we loved the most in the world. We'd watched him die. We'd helped lay him in the tomb.
I don't know. Maybe it was easier for you to understand than it was for me. You'd seen a shining messenger before, the one who came to tell you that you were going to bear a child, and that must have been as terrifying for you as the morning of the empty tomb was for me. It was joyful, too, but the joy was still mixed with terror: terror that it couldn't be true, that nothing so impossible could really have happened. It was what I'd wanted more than anything, for him not really to be dead. And when something like that comes true, you have to be scared, because even though it's wonderful, it breaks all the rules that kept you safe before. If whatever held Jesus in the tomb was broken, were other things broken, too? Would whatever held our feet on the earth suddenly let go, and send everyone flying into the sky? That's the kind of thing I saw when I had demons. I didn't want that back again.
And so what comforted me the most was his feet. You remember: we both fell on our faces in joy and terror and awe; we fell down to worship him, and you grabbed one foot and I grabbed the other. His feet were real: we could feel them. They were flesh and blood. The pulse in his ankle beat quietly under my fingers. In all that chaos of earthquakes and blazing messengers and fainting guards, his feet were the only thing I could understand. He was there; he was walking around in the world again, getting his feet dirty. He was alive again, impossibly, but he wasn't flying off into the sky, and neither were we. Some rules still worked.
His feet were small enough for me to hold onto, small enough for me to believe. The rest of it was too much, Mary: too much for me to grasp.
And the feet were his. As much as I loved him, I'd barely been able to look at his face. Fear and shock sent me sprawling on the ground. But I knew those feet, that foot. I had the left foot. You had the right. His left foot had terrible holes in it from the nails, but it also had tan lines from his sandals. I knew the pattern of those straps. I knew the callus where one strap crossed between his big toe and the next one. I'd washed his feet, cleaned them after the dust and grime of his journeys, the same way he'd cleaned our feet the night before the soldiers came to arrest him. I knew his feet.
And then I thought, "No one will believe me. Why did the shining messenger send me to tell anyone? They won't listen. They'll say, 'Oh, that's Magdalene. She used to have demons. She's crazy. You can't believe anything she says.'" I prayed, as I lay there holding his left foot, my fingers curled around the ankle. "Lord God: please don't let me be crazy. Lord God: please let it be true. Lord God: please open the ears of the others when I tell them."
And then he spoke, and my fears and my prayers flew right out of my head, leaving only joy. I knew that voice. I knew his voice even better than I knew his feet.
"Don't be afraid," he said, and I shivered a little, because that was the first thing the shining messengers had said, too: the one you'd seen before he was born, and the one we'd both seen that morning. God's messengers always say that, first thing. By that as much as anything, I knew that he really had come back from God to be with us. And then he said, "Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me." The messenger had said that, too, but now it made my heart clench. Now it meant that we were being sent away -- away from him.
I didn't want to be sent away. I wanted to lie there in the dirt, with my fingers around his left ankle, for the rest of my life. But I couldn't. I felt you moving next to me, felt you touch my shoulder and tug at my robe. And then he knelt down and kissed the top of my head and started gently prying my fingers loose.
"Mary," you said, "we have to go. We have to tell the others. It's all right. Come on."
I don't remember standing up, don't remember turning away from him. But then you and I were walking down the road, and you had your arms around my shoulders, because I was shaking. "They'll say we're crazy," I told you. "They'll say it must have been someone else."
"It can't have been anyone else," you said. "I recognized the scar on his foot, from when he was a baby. Some cooking grease spattered on his right foot, just a little bit, and burned him." I could feel you trembling, but you smiled at me and said, "I'm his mother. Who else even knows about that? They'll believe us."
I'm not sure if they believed us or not, but once they'd seen him with their own eyes -- once he'd broken bread and cooked fish -- then they believed. And then he left again, and the Spirit came, and signs and wonders and dancing flames were everywhere.
So we all believe now, but I still don't understand. It's still too big for me, all these years later. Thinking about how much love and power it took to empty that tomb can still make my bones quake, as if the earth is still shaking and the shining messenger is still thundering at me.
So I think about his feet, which I could hold in my hands. I find myself looking and listening for his footsteps everywhere, even though he's gone again. And I see them sometimes, Mary, I do. I swear I saw his footprints in the dust last week, when I took some food to Dorcas' sick friend; she had that terrible fever, the one everyone's afraid to get, and I was afraid too, but I looked down and saw his footprints and followed them right into her house, because I knew he'd gone ahead of me. And sometimes I hear his footsteps when I'm lost or lonely, and I know then that he's with me, even if I can't see him the way I did that morning. I still don't understand what happened; I'll never understand it. But I know to watch and to listen, and to follow where he leads.
And every year on this day, I take off my sandals. I take off my sandals and get my feet dirty, because this is the day he walked on the earth again: the day the whole world became holy ground.
Posted by Susan Palwick at 9:00 AM
Labels: celebration, preaching
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The period I'd choose for Tony Blair falls between 1-7 July, 2005, which saw him at his most resilient, singular, triumphant and stretched. The speed of events and the interconnectedness of the world make for many individually dreadful weeks in modern politics but few periods so capture the awesome and exhilarating solitude of high office.
Friday 1 July started promisingly. That morning's front pages carried pictures of him on the MTV couch with the Live8 campaigner Bob Geldof. Probably because he has teenage children Blair manages to appear only ruefully in command on these occasions. He had fielded the questions from the young studio audience well, and there was an amusing moment when his microphone malfunctioned and a technician had to fumble with his trousers.
'It's not as strange as it looks,' said Blair to the audience. 'Best thing that's happened all day, actually.' He gets Little Britain vulgarity.
In one photograph Bob Geldof rested his head on his shoulder - a miraculous endorsement for a man whose support for the American war in Iraq is universally unpopular with young people. Geldof was quoted as saying how thoroughly embarrassed he was to agree with so much of the Prime Minister's G8 agenda on Africa and climate change. The head of press at Number 10 must have stuck his leg with needles to make sure he wasn't dreaming, although he knows full well that Blair is damned good at this stuff. The Prime Minister had absorbed Make Poverty History and made it his agenda long before demonstrators bought their white costumes for what was a faintly daft procession North of the border.
Over the next few days there was a sense that the spotlight was on Britain, and the Prime Minister in particular. Not only was he chairman of the G8, he had just assumed the rotating presidency of the EU. Then there was London's Olympic bid. A decision was to be made on Wednesday.
Before the Live8 concert was properly underway, Blair took off with Cherie Booth for Singapore to lobby the 110 members of the IOC. It is a 13-hour flight which involves jumping forward eight hours and losing a night's sleep.
Meanwhile in Kaliningrad, President Putin was hosting Gerhard Schroeder and Jacques Chirac at a pre-summit session which appeared to delineate a kind of axis against the US and Britain. Chirac and Blair had been at each other's throats since Chirac lost the referendum on the European constitution. Chirac was overheard making remarks about mad cow disease being the only British contribution to European agriculture. 'You can't trust people who cook as badly as that,' he added.
But Blair was already in his hotel room in Singapore wearing the British bid tie and angling for votes in the first and second rounds. London appeared to be ahead of Paris by 8 votes, and Chirac was in a different time zone. That was a bad mistake and when The President did arrive, he found his mad cow joke had got there ahead of him. Asked to comment, Blair didn't put a foot wrong. 'Particularly at this moment,' he said. 'I don't want to get tempted down that path.'
So far, so good. The Live8 concert had passed and spread a brief giddy warmth across the planet. Blair, Tessa Jowell, Lord Coe, Princess Anne and David Beckham had all done as much as they could in Singapore, so he boarded his plane leaving Jacques eating canapes at a reception.
Flying back into British time, Blair regained the hours he'd lost, but his two days in Singapore had been punishing and now he had to concentrate on the G8 agenda. Being chairman makes for a vastly increased workload, because you must maintain a focus through long and arduous preparations, and then you have to get agreements in a very short space of time, which requires renewed energy and determination. As anyone who had read Margaret MacMillan's study of the Paris peace conference, Peacemakers, will know, the outcome of negotiations at this level entirely relies on personalities, and finding that extra bit of wind when others are flagging.
Blair arrived in Gleneagles on the Wednesday morning looking remarkably chipper. George Bush was already there and had fallen off his bicycle while trying to avoid a British policeman. Three hours later the news came through that London had won the 2012 bid. Blair hadn't been able to bring himself to watch the TV and was told by the Downing Street switchboard. Chirac heard while in midair.
The French leader cannot have been pleased but he was magnanimous about it, and over the next two days turned out to be the most supportive of Blair's agenda among the seven. But that would not be clear until Friday when the leaders finally sat down without supporting ministers - Chirac and Bush on Blair's right; Putin and Schroeder on his left.
On Wednesday afternoon Blair welcomed the world's leaders before the 31st G8 summit was formally opened by the Queen with a banquet. That night the Prime Minister must have hit the pillow exhausted but also jubilant at the IOC decision and the prospects for the summit: 6 July was undoubtedly one of the high moments of his eight years in office.
7 July was one of the lowest. While breakfasting with George Bush, the news about the London bombings came through. Within 50 seconds of each other, there had been explosions on tube trains 204 and 216 on the Circle line and 331 on the Piccadilly line, all packed with commuters. About an hour later, a No 30 double decker bus blew up in Tavistock Square. The number of casualties was bound to be high.
The trauma London experienced that day was palpable on every face. I remember watching Blair in front of the world's leaders denouncing terrorism and thinking that such shocks always funnel upwards to the person in charge. Blair looked grave but resolute. Shortly afterwards he left the summit and travelled to London for a security briefing, which removed him for that whole first day of the summit.
But the climate change meeting went well and all the key provisions were passed. The following day, by which time he had returned, Blair had similar success on debt relief and increasing aid to Africa to £25 billion per annum for the next five years. Not a bad result; in fact one of the big achievements of his premiership.
At a human level one has to admire the qualities which took the Prime Minister through that tumultuous and extraordinarily pressurised week. Although I am more used to attacking him for his position on Iraq and his onslaught on civil liberties, it's worth saluting his stamina and poise during that week and noting that such a character may not be as easily shoved aside as the Daily Telegraph likes to predict.


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Ryan gets Irish role
ANDY RYAN has been named Head of Operations for Cage Warriors in Ireland.
The appointment ties in with the recent announcement of a first ever Cage Warriors show in Dublin, which will take place on May 5, 2012.
"It's a growing team," said Cage Warriors director Graham Boylan. "Cage Warriors has a huge international schedule in 2012. It's an international promotion, we move around and a promotion of this size needs reliable, knowledgeable people in the cities we visit.
"Adding Andy Ryan to the Cage Warriors team to head up Ireland just adds even more depth to Cage Warriors and shows that we're not messing about. Congratulations to Andy."
Ryan has an extensive MMA background as both a fighter and a coach. The Dublin native said: "I'm delighted to be getting involved with Cage Warriors.
"MMA is growing massively in Ireland. I speak to some of the best fighters in the country on a regular basis and they all tell me how much they want to fight on a show like Cage Warriors.
"Many of them already have but I want to help even more of them to get a chance to fight on a show of that stature. Cage Warriors is at the forefront of the MMA scene in the UK and there's a massive appetite for it in Ireland too."
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