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Genetic Variation and Human Evolution Lynn B. Jorde, Ph.D. Department of Human Genetics University of Utah School of Medicine.
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1 Genetic Variation and Human Evolution Lynn B. Jorde, Ph.D. Department of Human Genetics University of Utah School of Medicine. The past two decades have witnessed an explosion of human genetic data. Innumerable DNA sequences and genotypes have been generated, and they have led to significant biomedical advances. In addition, these data have greatly increased our understanding of patterns of genetic diversity among individuals and populations. The purpose of this brief review is to show how our knowledge of genetic variation can contribute to an understanding of our similarities and differences, our origins, and our evolutionary history. Patterns of genetic diversity inform us about population history because each major demographic event leaves an imprint on a population's collective genomic diversity. A reduction in population size reduces genetic diversity, and an increase in population size eventually increases diversity. The exchange of migrants between populations inevitably results in greater genetic similarity, while isolation preserves genetic uniqueness. These demographic signatures are passed from generation to generation, such that the genomes of modern individuals reflect their demographic history. Thus, it is reasonable to say that our history is written in our DNA. As we accumulate more and more data on DNA variation, and as we develop better tools to analyze these data, our history will become increasingly clear. How diverse are we? Perhaps the most widely cited statistic about human genetic diversity is that any two humans differ, on average, at about 1 in 1,000 DNA base pairs (0.1%). Human genetic diversity is substantially lower than that of many other species, including our nearest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee. Genetic diversity is a function of a population's "age" (i.e., the amount of time during which mutations accumulate to generate diversity) and its size. Our genetic homogeneity implies that anatomically modern humans arose relatively recently (perhaps 200,000 years ago) and that our population size was quite small at one time (perhaps 10,000 breeding individuals). To put the 0.1% genetic diversity estimate into perspective, it is useful to remember that humans have approximately 3 billion base pairs in a haploid cell. Thus, any pair of humans differs by approximately 3 million base pairs. These differences contain much useful information about the evolutionary history of our species. In addition, the small proportion of differences that occur within genes can lead to critical inferences about the effects of natural selection. How is genetic diversity distributed within and between populations? Human populations can be defined along geographic, political, linguistic, religious, or ethnic boundaries. Using a common definition that groups populations into major continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America), many studies have shown that approximately 90% of genetic variation can be found within these populations, and only about 10% of genetic variation separates the populations. Thus, the great majority of genetic differences can be found between individuals from any one of the major continents, and, on average, only a small proportion of additional differences will be found between individuals from two different continents. Furthermore, because human history is a history of population movement, and because humans are extraordinarily adept at sharing their DNA, the genetic boundaries between populations are typically indistinct. For any given DNA sequence or gene, two individuals from different populations are sometimes more similar to one another than are two individuals
2 from the same population. The fact that humans are relatively homogeneous at the DNA level, combined with the fact that between-population variation is modest, has significant social implications. Importantly, these patterns imply that the DNA differences between individuals, and between populations, are relatively scant and do not provide a biological basis for any form of discrimination. What can patterns of genetic diversity tell us about our evolutionary history? Studies of our evolutionary history have benefited enormously from analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtdna) and the non-recombining portion of the human Y chromosome. Because these regions are not shuffled by recombination, they are transmitted intact from one generation to the next, revealing the paternal and maternal lineages of a population. Populations share mtdna or Y chromosome lineages as a result of common origins or gene flow. Comparisons of Y and mtdna variation in a number of populations have indicated greater levels of mtdna lineage sharing among populations, suggesting that females may have experienced more mobility during much of our history than have males. This hypothesis needs further testing to determine how general the pattern may be. One must also exercise caution in interpreting analyses of Y chromosome and mtdna variation. Because each system is essentially one highly variable "locus," statistical estimates of parameters (e.g., the age of the most recent common ancestor of a group of individuals) are highly inexact. More reliable estimates of such parameters can be obtained by analyzing multiple, independent autosomal loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms or short tandem repeat polymorphisms, for example). In addition, genetic data must be combined with archaeological, linguistic, and historical data to achieve an accurate interpretation of human evolutionary history. The African origin of modern humans Perhaps the most basic question about human history concerns the origin of anatomically modern humans. For some time, discussion of this question has been framed by two competing hypotheses. The first, usually termed the Multiregional Hypothesis, states that modern humans evolved from more archaic forms, such as Neandertals, in several different parts of the Old World (e.g., Africa, Asia, and Europe). The genetic similarities seen in contemporary populations are the result of gene flow between these populations, as well as natural selection for similar adaptive traits. In contrast, the Out of Africa hypothesis states that modern humans originated first in Africa and then migrated to Europe and Asia, less than 100,000 years ago, to replace existing archaic human populations. Most genetic evidence supports the Out of Africa hypothesis, or a close variant of it. Nearly all genetic studies indicate greater diversity in African populations (Figure 1), which is consistent with an African origin of modern humans. (Because diversity is a function of both time and population size, however, this pattern could merely be the result of a
3 larger historical population size in Africa.) The fact that most genetic variation in non- African populations is a subset of the variation found in African populations lends further support to the African origin hypothesis and is difficult to reconcile with the Multiregional Hypothesis. Non-African populations also tend to be more similar to one another than they are to African populations, a finding that lends additional support to the hypothesis that a subset of the African population left the continent to colonize the rest of the world. Genetic evidence also indicates that the early human population was quite small for some time (approximately 10,000 or so breeding individuals). That is inconsistent with the Multiregional Hypothesis, because continuous gene flow among human populations scattered broadly over the Old World would require a much larger population. Although genetic data offer broad support to the hypothesis that modern humans first evolved in Africa, it is more difficult to establish that archaic populations from other parts of the world made no genetic contribution to today's population (i.e., that there was no mixing between anatomically modern humans from Africa and archaic populations from Europe or Asia). Ancient nuclear sequences are sometimes observed in non-african populations (e.g., beta-globin sequences in modern Asian populations that derive from a common ancestor who lived 800,000 years ago). These sequences may have descended from archaic humans living in Asia long before the emergence of modern humans. However, it is also possible that such sequences did originate in Africa and were carried to Asia or Europe by modern humans themselves. This picture should become clearer as more and more autosomal sequences are analyzed and compared in multiple human populations. Origins and affinities of specific human populations In addition to addressing broad questions about the origins of our species, genetic data have been used extensively to study the origins and affinities of specific population groups. For example, analyses of genetic variation in Ashkenazi Jewish populations show that these populations are most similar to one another and to other populations from the Mideast and are distinct from non-jewish European populations (although they have received some genetic contributions from these populations). Intriguingly, approximately two-thirds of Jewish males with the last name Cohen, the name associated with the Jewish priesthood, have essentially the same Y chromosome. This finding is consistent with the strict tradition of father-son inheritance of both this surname and the priesthood. Analyses of Y chromosome, mtdna, and autosomal DNA support the relatively recent derivation of Native American populations from populations that lived in Northeast Asia. These data also indicate that there may have been substantial bottlenecks as the founding populations entered the Americas some 20,000 years ago. Another, even more recent, event is the human settlement of the Polynesian South Pacific islands, estimated to have taken place just 3,000 years ago. Most evidence supports a Southeast Asian origin of Polynesian populations, with mixture between these individuals and Melanesian populations as they spread through the South Pacific. An analysis of mtdna, Y chromosome, and autosomal variation in South Indian caste populations indicated less differentiation among castes for mtdna than for Y chromosome DNA. This reflects greater levels of female (mtdna) gene flow among castes than male (Y chromosome) gene flow, which in turn is consistent with ethnographic and historical evidence that females can occasionally join the caste of their husband, while males seldom change caste affiliation. Incidentally, comparisons of genetic variation in populations from India with Roma ("Gypsy") populations support an Indian derivation of many of these populations, which is consistent with the Roma's own accounts of their origins.
4 Summary This brief review has outlined the ways in which studies of genetic variation can inform us about our origins and history. Humans are relatively homogenous genetically, reflecting a recent, common origin. Anatomically modern humans probably originated in Africa, undergoing population bottlenecks as some left to colonize the rest of the world. Because these events are fairly recent, and because of extensive gene flow within major human populations, most genetic variation can be found within major human populations. Genetic data also provide useful information about the origins and histories of individual human populations. As our capacity to collect and analyze data on human genetic variation increases, our understanding of human evolutionary history will continue to grow. References Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, Rao BB, Naidu JM, Prasad BVR, Reddy PG, Rasanayagam A, Papiha SS, Villems R, Batzer MA, Jorde LB (2001) Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations. Genome Res. 11: Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A (1994) The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton University Press, Princeton Crawford MH (1998) The Origins of Native Americans: Evidence from Anthropological Genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Goldstein DB, Chikhi L (2002) Human Migrations and Population Structure: What We Know and Why it Matters. Ann Rev Genomics Hum Genet 3: Gresham D, Morar B, Underhill PA, Passarino G, Lin AA, Wise C, Angelicheva D, Calafell F, Oefner PJ, Shen P, Tournev I, de Pablo R, Kucinskas V, Perez-Lezaun A, Marushiakova E, Popov V, Kalaydjieva L (2001) Origins and divergence of the Roma (gypsies). Am J Hum Genet 69: Lum JK, Jorde LB, Schiefenhovel W (2002) Affinities among Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians: a neutral, biparental genetic perspective. Hum. Biol. 74:14-30 Ostrer H (2001) A genetic profile of contemporary Jewish populations. Nat Rev Genet 2: Relethford JH (2001) Genetics and the Search for Modern Human Origins. Wiley, New York Thomas MG, Skorecki K, Ben-Ami H, Parfitt T, Bradman N, Goldstein DB (1998) Origins of Old Testament priests. Nature 394: Glossary Autosomal. Referring to chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes. In Homo sapiens, the autosomes are pairs Bottleneck. A short-term reduction in the size of a population, followed by expansion in size. A bottleneck can reduce the amount of genetic variation in a population. Gene flow. The exchange of genes between populations of the same species. One result of gene flow is that different populations can become genetically more similar to one another.
5 Haploid cell. A cell that has a single set of chromosomes. In Homo sapiens, haploid cells sperm and ova have 23 chromosomes. Haploid cells unite during fertilization, resulting in the formation of a diploid cell. In Homo sapiens, diploid cells have 46 chromosomes 23 pairs. Locus. The position that a gene occupies on a chromosome. Variation at a given locus often is the subject of investigation. Because most of the Y chromosomes and the mtdna are transmitted intact, along with any mutations they have accumulated, each constitutes a single, highly variable locus. Mitochondrial DNA (mtdna). DNA that is contained in cellular structures called mitochondria. This DNA is not part of the DNA that is found in the nucleus. mtdna is passed from one generation to the next only by females, and mtdna does not undergo recombination (q.v.). These facts make detection of mutations easier in mtdna than in nuclear DNA, aiding the tracing of maternal lineages through time. Natural selection. A central mechanism of evolution. Natural selection results in increased survival of individuals who posses traits that provide adaptive advantages. Selection for the same traits in different populations can produce genetic similarities between those populations. Recombination. The exchange of genetic materials between chromosomes during the formation of sperm and ova. One result of recombination is that offspring have combinations of genes that their parents do not. This shuffling of gene combinations tends to complicate the tracing of autosomal lineages through time. Short tandem repeat polymorphisms. Variable segments of DNA that are 3, 4, or 5 bases long, repeated over and over. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced, "snip"). A variation in one base pair at a particular location in the genome. SNPs are useful in comparing genetic variations between individuals and in populations. Y chromosome. In Homo sapiens, one of the sex chromosomes. Human females have two X chromosomes (XX); human males have one X and one Y (XY). Most of the Y chromosome does not undergo recombination (q.v.), a fact that aides in the detection of paternal lineages. 16 October 2003
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Great relaxing and well worth it!
Sail Date: September 24, 2011
Reviewed: 5 years ago
Traveled As: Singles/Friends
Room Type: Balcony
Pros: everything was relaxing and the dining food was exceptional
Cons: Additional costs for drinks
Recommends Carnival Liberty? Yes!
Category Ratings
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Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Ship Quality
|The pool deck was large and had space for all sun-bathers. The crew kept the deck and eating areas clean at all times. The only thing that could have been improved was a larger pool to accomodate swimming. It was mostly for quick dipping -not enough room to really swim.
|More family friendly actvities and entertainment would have been welcomed.
|Food and Dining
|The dining times worked out great, The waitress, Margareta and the assitant waiters, Kutu and Warso, did a fabulous job. They remembered our names, were prompt and courteous. They were very hospitable and excellent in their service. It never felt crowded or hurried. Very elegant dining atmosphere. The only thing that would have been nicer is to have Lobster on the menu more than once.
|Cabin / Stateroom
|The room was very nice and clean. The housekeeper, I Putu, did a great job cleaning and being prompt. The room in the morning and evening was always ready for us when we returned.
|Service and Staff
|The staff in housekeeping and in the dining were very friendly and going above and beyond. There was one crew member in the shore excursions desk, that was very irritated with helping and unfriendly. He was put out with his job and needs to work somewhere else than in tourism because he left a sour impression. Also
Port Ratings
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|George Town, Grand Cayman
the Stingray at the Sandbar was such a great experience and very memorable. The crew; Dayton, Jason, and Jimmy took the time to explain and show us how to get the most out of the excursion. They interacted great with the group and were very patient. I would recommend it to anybody!!!
Don't Miss: sting ray sandbar
|Ocho Rios, Jamaica
|Enjoyed the Tranopy!! The zipline, bobsled and ski-lift was amazing in the rainforest..the guides, Dale and John were funny and very personable. It was safe fun and memorable!
|Cozumel, Mexico

subset: commoncrawl


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I have the retro 1 hi "unc" DS in size 8. Bought in store city gear. Going to trade with @blackmondays for his 10.5.
Edited by ogretro4me - 10/13/15 at 10:41am
Edited by ogretro4me - 10/13/15 at 10:41am
Update: I will be trading these for with @blackmondays for his size 10.5 from ftl.com. He will add pics and ship first I will update pictures then I will ship out the 8. We will both update with pics and thread will not be closed until both parties receive their kicks.


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CAS graduate students enjoy both the opportunity to work with a highly accomplished and internationally recognized team of researchers, as well as gain hands-on research experience and mentoring for their research pursuits. One of the innovative ways we make that possible at CAS is through our Summer Research Excellence Fellowships (SREF).
Both graduate and Ph.D. students can apply for the Research Excellence Fellowships with doctoral awards of up to $6,000 and master's level awards of up to $3,500. Thirty-four graduate and Ph.D. students are benefiting this year from these fellowships with $110,000 awarded for their summer research projects.
Modeling best practices in seeking research grants, the SREF application process emphasizes criteria -- innovation, study design and long-term strategy -- that aspiring researchers need to consider as they pursue larger-scale, more competitive research funding in the future.
Innovation: To encourage innovation, the students must explain how their research will contribute something new or innovative to the field, how it will address a compelling question or issue, and how it will advance theory and knowledge.
Study Design: To emphasize the importance of a well-designed study, this category takes into consideration whether the proposal clearly communicates the goals of the project, the appropriateness of the timeline, whether the subjects and selection procedures have been clearly identified, and if the data collection and analysis strategies are explained and appropriate for the study.
Long-Term Strategy: To ensure that the students are focusing on developing their long-term research interest, proposals must clearly explain how the study purpose is consistent with the individual researcher's progress to date, if it will help the student move toward his or her long-term goals, how the results will be disseminated, and why the student merits recognition through the fellowship.
These are all critical questions that successful researchers must become adept at communicating clearly and persuasively if they are going to thrive in the highly competitive world of academic research.
Over the summer months, the CAS News will feature our Summer Research Excellence Fellows and their projects in more depth, but I would like to share with you a sampling of some of the innovative work our fellows have underway.
Elizabeth Wieland is pursuing her Ph.D. in Communicative Sciences and Disorders. She is researching "neural correlates of rhythm processing in stuttering speakers." Research on how brain areas interact to support rhythm processing have emerged as helpful in determining connections between areas of the brain that support movement timing, which may be deficient in people who stutter.
Ashley Hanna is working toward her Ph.D. in Communication. This summer she is researching the "dimensions and goals of social support seeking messages." Depending on how the support seeker expresses need for support, directly or indirectly, may impact whether or not support is received and the quality of that support.
Syed Ali Hussain is a Health and Risk Communication master's student. He is studying the use of mobile phone-based videos to educate parents on child health issues that a typical family confronts during a natural disaster, such as floods and earthquakes.
Kanni Huang is pursuing a Ph.D. in Media and Information Studies in the School of Journalism. Her research is examining climate change reporting in the Great Lakes region, comparing connections made by journalists to news sources and how that might account for how news media create a different discourse than the science discourse.
Jennifer Cornacchione is working toward her Ph.D. in Communication. Her summer research fellowship focuses on factors that influence why people choose whether or not to engage in persuasive communication, specifically when it involves engaging a family member in a healthy behavior such as exercising.
As you can see, the range of research under way just in this sampling exemplifies the meaningful work of our graduate students.Share via these networks:


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Optional Items
The Laguna Dining Side Chair, built with traditional methods of mortise and tenon joinery for durability and strength, offers lasting comfort with its contoured backrest and seat. It can be complemented by its sister chair, the Laguna Dining Chair, to create dining sets in the loggia or in the garden. Exuding a sense of permanence, the Laguna Side Chair will endure the test of time and the outdoors.
Optional cushions made with Quick Dry Foam® core and 100% solution dyed Sunbrella fabrics. Crafted with SVLK Certified Grade A Teak harvested from sustainable plantations in Indonesia, every piece is precision manufactured to standard specifications for commercial and residential use. Optional Teak Finishes available.
To view other Laguna Teak Dining Chair Sets, please click below:
View other Westminster Chairs here:
Teak Armchairs | Teak Dining Chairs |
LIFETIME WARRANTY and Optional Finishes Available
|Overall size
|17.5"W x 23"D x 35"H
Seat Height - 17"
Seat Depth - 18"
Seat Width - 19"
|22 lbs
|100% Grade A Plantation Teak
|Some Assembly
|In Stock: Ships in 24 hrs*
|Lifetime warranty
Full Warranty Information
|Ships In
|Usually leaves our Warehouse in 1-3 business day
As you browse through our pages and speak with our knowledgeable customer representatives, you will find there are quite a few reasons why many have returned and recommended others to shop with us over the past 18 years. Here are some that we often hear why many of our customers think we stand out:30-day Money Back Guarantee
White Glove Services include unpackaging, assembly and placement of furniture as well as removal and disposal of all packaging material. It does not include any custom work that may need to be done to assure a fit to the desired location.
In stock cushions and umbrella fabrics will be included with White Glove Services. Made to order cushions and umbrella fabrics are shipped separately via UPS and are not applicable to White Glove Services.
Please note in comments or to Customer Service Representative that you are a Veteran to receive the Additional 20% Off current sale prices. For phoned in orders, 20% OFF will show immediately on your emailed order receipt. For submitted Online orders, 20% will be taken off after the order is submitted and before your credit card is charged.
Shipping within 24 hrs applies only for Standard Delivery within the Continental USA. It does not include any other special Deliveries including White Glove.


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For more information, please call
(888) 738-3776
For more information, please call
(888) 738-3776
At Peterson, we know your business is unique and has service needs that are specific to you. Because of this individuality, we offer flexible Customer Support Agreements.
A CSA is a tailored contract that helps you lower your cost per unit of production. Agreements are customized to fit your business needs and can range from simple Preventive Maintenance Kits to sophisticated Total Cost Performance Guarantees. No matter which option you choose, you can be assured that Peterson will provide you with careful planning and ongoing attention that will help you succeed.
When you have a CSA with Peterson, you have more time to do what you do best – run your business. Highly trained technicians assist you by maintaining your equipment and driving down operating costs. In the end, everyone's goal is the same: helping you gets more work done at a lower cost.
Perhaps the most important feature of any CSA is flexibility. There are no pre-set requirements or specific products and services that you must agree to buy. In every case and with every piece of equipment, a CSA is an individualized plan. Depending on your needs, your costs can be a flat rate, monthly fee or some other arrangement based on actual production hours. Your agreement may include as few or as many pieces of equipment as you wish. You can cover individual systems, single pieces of equipment, or entire fleets. We will work with you to determine the best strategies to maximize productivity and minimize costs for both your CAT and non-CAT equipment.
Customer Support Agreements are not just for large pieces of equipment, and they are not just for new equipment either. The need to get more work done at a lower cost is the same, regardless of age or application.


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K9 ERP is a great fit for many businesses. Find out if it's the right choice for you! Are you looking for a K9 ERP demo, technical support, product or pricing information or to simply to compare K9 ERP with competitive options? Quickly get answers and the information you need.
K9 ERP offers its own integrated Warehouse Management System (WMS), eliminating the need for additional third-party software. The K9 ERP WMS module is designed to help automate and manage routine warehouse tasks, such as inventory counts, returns, warehouse transfers, and other processes required to run an effective warehouse.
"Warehouse Management" is part of the K9 ERP line of products, developed by K9 ERP Software.
K9 ERP is a horizontal product. It offers functionality designed for usage across a wide variety of industries and business types.


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Sibel wants freedom, not least sexual freedom. But how? Her father would kill her. Or disown her, and cut her off from her mum. So she concocts a marriage of convenience with Cahit, a drunken bum who, like her, is from a Turkish family living in Hamburg. It's a careering, passionate, tragic, comic, anarchic love story, but also surprisingly compassionate, tender and wise. Little seen in cinemas, but now on DVD from Soda Pictures, you won't forget it quickly.
Director Akin's generous and culturally aware documentary, Crossing the Bridge, also on Soda DVD, celebrates both the universality of music and the complexity of Istanbul's contemporary music scene, bridging both East and West. Kurdish musician Aynur, now permitted to sing in her native language, is proud, mournful, and rousing. Absorbing film, and some great music.Malcolm Lewis
This column was published in the January 2006 issue of New Internationalist. To read more, buy this issue or subscribe.


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Kids swearing
Hearing your child swearing is usually a shocking – and utterly embarrassing – moment for any parent. Invariably the moment your child chooses to debut his new language skills will be when you're in public, and it's often when he's angry or frustrated.
Before you can stop or put limits on your child's swearing, both you and your partner need to be quite clear about what you think is acceptable language for your child to use. If you both have different ideas, you will need to develop a consensus and both be prepared to enforce it, before you can talk to your child. Generally, consistency is the key to success when tackling swearing – you will need to abide by the same rules as those you lay down for your child.
In many families, one parent is more relaxed about swearing than the other. You will send mixed messages to your child if he hears one parent swearing – which is accepted behaviour – while the other is attempting to enforce acceptable limits on swearing. Many families also have different ideas about what words do and don't constitute swearing – sexual-type words may be off-limits, while swearing relating to religion may be acceptable.
Common Sense Advice. Share your experiences, tips and advice on the Kidspot Forum.
This article was written by Ella Walsh for Kidspot. Sources include SA Government's Parenting and Child Health
Related Topics
- 1. How much sleep does my toddler need?
- 2. Going to bed problems
- 3. Reading with toddlers
- 4. Learning songs
- 5. Cooking with a toddler
- 6. Best books for toddlers
- 7. Play stages for toddlers
- 8. Feeding toddlers
- 9. Encouraging your toddler to eat
- 10. Toddlers and fussy eating
- 11. Toilet training basics
- 12. Discipline tips for 1 - 3 year olds
- 13. Toddler fears
- 14. Why does my toddler lie?
- 15. Best toddler tips
- 16. 10 tips to deal with tantrums


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Archaeologist Walter and his wife Laura are working at a dig on a small island off the coast of Sweden. One day Laura catches Walter having a go at it with his sexy assistant, Anna. Laura calls in her old friend–and former lesbian lover–Hanni to help get her revenge on Walter by having she and Hanni seduce Anna.
What do you get when you mix madcap Jewish humor with the Superstars of Seventies porn? A tribute to a boyhood spent at raucous Lower East Side comedies (and an adulthood spent writing and directing adult films). Poor Melvin! His meddling mother is making him nutz. His only relief is the covert afternoons he spends at New York's notorious Times Square porn theaters. One day, Melvin discovers a genie in a bottle. What does he wish? To become his favorite porno Superstars and indulge in wild sexual adventures with the sexiest women in sex films.


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Curriculum Lead for Maths, Birmingham
Job details
|Ark Boulton Academy
|Ark MPS (£23,026 - £33,988)/UPS (£36,458 - £39,204), plus TLR 2b (£4,398) depending on experience
|Contract type
|Full Time
|Contract term
|Closing date
|Applications are closed
|Job starts
|As soon as available
Ark Boulton Academy joined the Ark network in September 2015 and is a 6 form entry secondary school (11-16) in Sparkhill, Birmingham. Chosen by the students, the school is named after Matthew Boulton, a prominent Birmingham manufacturer, reflecting the industrial and entrepreneurial spirit of the city. Ark Boulton joins Ark's thriving hub of primary and secondary schools in Birmingham.
We are now looking to recruit a talented and enthusiastic Curriculum Lead for Maths. You'll provide challenging leadership of Maths, in part by demonstrating high quality teaching that ensures all students achieve results in line with, or better than, Key Stage and other value-added predictions.
We offer a recruitment incentive of £5000 and a relocation package of up to £3000, available to those relocating from outside the Birmingham area.*
The ideal candidate will:
- be a well-qualified Maths teacher with the ability to deliver outstanding teaching
- experience of raising attainment in a challenging classroom environment
- evidence of continually improving the teaching and learning of their subject through schemes of work and extra-curricular activities etc.
- have a resilient character and a strong personal drive
- understand the difference that a great education can make to pupils - especially to those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
To apply for this post, please go to https://www.hays.co.uk/jobs/ark-boulton-academy/how-to-apply/index.htm
Applications will be reviewed as received, so you may hear from us before the closing date which is 11am on Friday 2nd December.
To find out more about Ark Boulton, please visit www.arkboulton.org. We encourage all applicants to visit the school before applying. Please contact Gurvinder Kaur on 0121 773 8156 or firstname.lastname@example.com to arrange a visit.
If you would like any further information or wish to discuss this role, please contact the Recruitment Team on 020 3116 6345, or firstname.lastname@example.com
Ark value diversity and are committed to safeguarding and promoting child welfare. The successful candidate will be subject to DBS and any other relevant employment checks.
*Subject to terms and conditions; these are taxable benefits.
About the employer
Ark Boulton Academy is a six-form entry secondary school in Sparkbrook, Birmingham. The school joined the Ark network in September 2015, after its predecessor school was placed in special measures by Ofsted. It is now under a strong and effective lea...
|Org type
|Mainstream School
|Funding status
|State - Academy
|Age range
|11 - 16 years


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When we recently talked with Starke County Clerk, Evelyn Skronski, about the Primary Election campaign signs placed outside the Knox city limits, where the only Primary Election in Starke County will be held next Tuesday, she shared her insight as to the candidate's reasoning.
"Name recognition is one of the important aspects of voting," she explained. "The candidates are putting their signs wherever the property owner has given them permission to do so. A friend may tell a friend about a sign in their yard, and then they may tell somebody who lives in those precincts and so those people can vote. But, it's mainly name recognition."
And, the 2,800 or so Knox voters who are eligible to cast ballots do regularly travel many roads outside the city limits and when they can see the signs, it gives the candidates additional name recognition.


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106 W Paseo De Cristobal, San Clemente, California
$1,329,0005 Beds3 BathsActive
$1,329,0005 Beds3 BathsActive
106 W Paseo De Cristobal, San Clemente, California 92672 - Charming modern day beach home!!! This newly remodeled 5 bedroom, 3 bathroom home is located on one of the best streets in Southwest San Clemente with walking distance to the beach, restaurants and shops. Features all new windows, upgraded engineered wood flooring throughout, new roof, paint inside and out, gourmet kitchen, bathrooms, doors, hardware, garage door and electrical panel. Extra long driveway easily fits 5-6 cars. Master bedroom and 2 other bedrooms on the first level and two more bedrooms and an office upstairs. Open floor plan with high end stainless steel appliances, quartz countertops and upgraded backsplash. Ocean views from front private patio, office and upstairs bedroom. Separate laundry/mudroom with direct access to the side yard and an outdoor shower. Spacious landscaped yard is perfect for entertaining guests or relaxing in paradise! Don't miss this one!!
View Virtual Tour
Listing Courtesy of Katrina Crane~Luxre Realty, Inc.


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|484 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|6 nights
Our well-maintained and cozy flat features a bedroom with double bed; a small separate kitchen with a hob, oven, refrigerator, toaster and everything else you need to prepare a good meal; a living room with a pull-out sofa that sleeps another two People and a comfortable dining area; a bathroom with shower, sink, toilet and hair dryer as well as a separate hallway/cloakroom.
If you want to surf the web or watch TV, you can do this comfortably from the sofa via wireless Internet and Sat TV. From here or the balcony/terrace you can also enjoy an amazing view of beckoning Alps.
Parking in front of the house. Ski and bicycle storage. Use of garden, terrace and balcony.
Towels and linen are provided.
We welcome our guests with a fresh fruit bowl - a great way to get the energy levels up again after a long journey.
If you want to find out more about the culture or history of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Christiane Schupp, one of the daughters of the house, is a tour guide and will be more than happy to answer any questions you may have. She can also organize your own tailor-made tour through the village.
If you are a mountain afficionado, who is interested in the high mountains of the Himalaya, have a chat to the other daughter of the house. In 2009, she became the third German woman to reach the top of Mount Everest and has since reached the summit of three other 8,000m peaks. She surely has a few interesting stories to tell.
The hostesses with the 'mostesses'. Irene Bierling and Christiane Küchler are looking forward to welcoming you in their house. The sisters have lived in Garmisch-Partenkirchen all their lives and have certainly seen the village change over the years. The daughter of the house, Christiane Schupp, is also a tour guide and she is more than happy to tell you a few interesting tales about Garmisch-Partenkirchen and its history.
We have been coming to Garmisch for sixteen years now, and in that time it has become a second home to us. Our daughters learned to ski here and they practically grew up in Garmisch as well as our home in Belgrade.
A great part of our affection towards Garmisch is coming to Landhaus Kuchler in Parkstrasse 14. Frau Irene and Frau Christiane are one of the kindest and forthcoming landladies one can hope for. The apartment itself is always impeccably tidy and clean when we arrive. In fact, though I am somewhat obsessed with hygiene and always disinfect everything whenever I stay anywhere that is not my own home, I never feel the need to do so in Garmisch. The flat is very comfortable and conveniently near the centre of the town, and it is equipped with everything you could need.
We mostly come here in the skiing season, though we have been here in summer as well. It is difficult to say when the stay has been more pleasant.
We would wholeheartedly recommend to stay in Landhaus Kuchler to anyone. Truly, a five-star rating is not doing it justice.
Landhaus Kuchler was our home for a week in October 2015. The cozy apartment was everything we hoped for. The sister hosts went out of their way to make us feel welcome. The location was perfect, close to everything of importance in Garmisch.
When not cooking dinner in our unit, we dined in four local restaurants, all just a short walk. We did dinner at the old brewery building— Bräustüberl—where rain pelted the windows. Somewhat crowded it was, and our waitress handled about 15 tables with some help from owner Robert Gebhart. They served man-sized portions.
Another night we went to Alpenhof in the pedestrian zone. Wife had lamb chops with a mountain of green beans and potatoes. I enjoyed pork loin with red cabbage and dumplings. Desserts were delicious vanilla ice cream smothered in raspberry sauce for wife; apfel strudel with ice cream for me. Great meal!
At Bei Marcus, we were greeted warmly by Doris, wife of Marcus, and daughter Anne. We were delighted from the start. Bei Marcus offers a warm atmosphere and a simple menu that changes every two days.
Our favorite dining pleasure came with a visit to Husar. It was a great atmosphere in an ancient building, a beautiful piece of Garmisch-Partenkirchen history. The building, with its striking frescoes, has been here since the middle ages. Husar is expensive but it was true value in such an outstanding atmosphere.
We talked much with the Landhaus Kuchler sisters. I asked Christiane about the oil painting in our unit, an old Garmisch street scene. She said it was Furstensstrase, the same street where we were going for dinner at Husar's. She also said the painting was not for sale.
Sitting on our veranda with a view of Zugspitz, Germany's highest mountain, I was loving this place.
Being older, we took the taxi from the bahnhof to Landhaus Kuchler. We used the buses often, made trips to Historic Ludwigstrasse and the site of the 1936 Winter Olympics. In a month abroad, this was our favorite rental, a true bargain.
My husband and I recently returned from a visit to Germany and Austria. One of the highlights of our trip was a one week stay at Landhaus Kuchler. After a warm, hospitable welcome from our hostesses, which included flowers, fresh fruit and cake, we were delighted to settle into a most comfortable, well equipped apartment which was perfect for relaxing after a day spent exploring. The apartment is well located for walking into the town center with its numerous shops, cafes and attractions. Having the convenience of a car allowed us to take drives to nearby towns, castles, etc. and enjoy the spectacular scenery surrounding us.
Our only regret is that we didn't plan for a longer stay and sincerely hope to visit again.
Not only were we provided with everything the listing promised, but Irene and Christiane went several steps further by leaving flowers on the table and beverages in the fridge, not to mention cake part way into our stay. - Such a welcome after a long journey! - Everything was clean and orderly, with plenty of fresh towels at our disposal in both the bathroom and kitchen. The whole apartment was cozy and very comfortable; it definitely felt like home at the end of the day. Our hostesses were very helpful to point us in the right direction, and the town center was so close! We especially enjoyed the little park right around the corner from the house. It was an absolutely lovely time and we would be the first to recommend this property to anyone wanting a relaxing stay in Garmisch.
We stayed in a wonderful apartment in Landhaus Kuchler with its incredible mountain views for 10 days! Irene and Christiane were in the garden to greet us, and were available for questions, since they both live in apartments in the home. And when we arrived in the apartment, there was a much-appreciated vase filled with yellow roses, a bowl of fruit and chocolates on the nightstands! The home is in a residential area with a free parking spot that is unusual in this busy town. The extremely clean, well-maintained apartment is around 900 sq. ft, with a sofabed and two comfortable armchairs along with a dining table, four chairs, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and lots of storage space. You'll also find a variety of tourist information in a living room chest of drawers. Since Irene and Christiane are retired booksellers, there are bookcases filled with many German-and-some-English language books on the stair landings!
It was a lovely oasis at the end of a day of touring in the area. We stayed in the second-floor apartment that has three sets of windows and two doorwalls with a balcony that wraps around two sides of the house. We had a spectacular view of the mountains from every window and doorwall! We think that the ground-floor apartment (which is the same size and directly under the upstairs apartment with the same views) would be nice and cool in the warm months.
It was convenient to have a kitchen to store food and be able to eat breakfast and some meals in the apartment. It's about five minutes from two grocery stores. It continually rained on our last day, so we stayed in our cozy apartment and were able to eat and relax before our hectic flights to return to the US!
We highly recommend these apartments to anyone visiting the area. It's a 10-minute walk to the train station, and very convenient to see the nearby sights in a car. The Tourist Information office, numerous restaurants and lots of shops are within minutes of walking to them! A river runs behind the home, and its trail leads to the outskirts of the busy downtown area. These apartments are top-notch comfort with a view for a very affordable price!
I just returned from an amazing trip to Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The flat is clean, large and more beautiful than the pictures depict. The owners are wonderful to work with and are willing to be helpful but also give you your privacy. The location is a short walk (5 minutes) to everything. The price is extremely reasonable for all that's included. I really appreciated the fresh flowers and the bowl of fruit as well as the chocolates next to my bedside. I would highly recommend this place for your visit.
This cozy holiday flat in our Alpine-style house is situated in the heart of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, right next to the park and about 5-minutes-walk away from the town centre, where you can find everything from supermarkets, clothes shops, pharmacies, souvenir shops and whatever your heart desires. The bus stop, congress centre and tourist information are only a stone throw away and can be reached in less then 5 minutes by foot.
Right behind the house, you can embark on a beautiful walk along the Partnach River, which takes you from Garmisch to Partenkirchen. If you want to start your day with a run, you can jog across the beautiful Alpine fields right next to our house. The numerous hiking trails, cable cars, ski slopes, cross country tracks and other outdoor opportunities are all in the vicinity and easy to reach.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is also a great starting point to explore its surroundings. You can either take a bus, train or car down south towards Austria and Italy, where the landscape is getting even more mountainous; or you can hop on a train and go on one of the most beautiful train-rides in Germany and visit the capital of Bavaria, Munich and enjoy the many museums, exhibitions and other cultural possibilities there.
Bavaria is also well known for its beautiful castles built by Kind Ludwig II. The castles are all accessible from Garmisch-Partenkirchen and can either be visited on a day-trip or even, in case of Linderhof Castle, in a few hours. Christiane Schupp, who lives in our house, is a tour guide and is more than happy to organise a private guided tour through the town and its surroundings for you.
As the two friendly landladies are also committed hobby chefs, they might even bake you a special cake for your Sunday coffee break! With their profound knowledge about the town, its history and surroundings - no matter whether it is a cultural or a geographic question - they are always happy to help and make recommendations.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Feb 3 2017 - Jun 30 2017
6 night minimum stay
Jul 1 2017 - Sep 30 2017
6 night minimum stay
Oct 1 2017 - Oct 31 2017
6 night minimum stay
Nov 1 2017 - Dec 15 2017
6 night minimum stay
Dec 16 2017 - Jan 7 2018
6 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
6 night minimum stay
|Pet Fee
|Stay tax
|$2.72 per night, per person. This amount will be due to the owner upon arrival. Does not apply to children under 7 years.
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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- 1 chargrill pan
- 1 frying pan
- 4 chops (lamb)
- 1/4 cup soy sauce
- 1/4 cup Worcestershire sauce
- 3 tbs honey
- 1 cm ginger roughly chopped skin off
- 2 cloves garlic roughly chopped
- 2 tsp wholegrain mustard
- 1/2 tsp paprika
- STEP 1 Combine the sauces, honey, ginger, garlic, mustard and paprika. Run the honey bottle under the hot tap for a second then use the back of a spoon to stir it in properly.
- STEP 2 Marinate the chops in the fridge for six hours, turning after 3 hours.
- STEP 3 Grill chops.
- STEP 4 Heat remaining marinade in a frying pan stirring.
- STEP 5 Add a little flour to thicken into a sauce.
- STEP 6 Pour sauce over chops.
- STEP 7 Serve with steamed vegetables and mash, chips or macaroni cheese.
Chilli flakes or fresh chilli would make it pretty darn good too. You can experiment with quantities, I don't measure when I make this so I've guesstimated the above. Try adding or taking out just about anything. You could use it for most other meat too.
From around the web...
12 Review and Comment
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REVIEWER: Lizzy69
I made this earlier today marinating lamb chops for a BBQ. We really enjoyed the flavour. I think next time I will add more paprika & mustard, but was enjoyed by all. Thx for sharing.
REVIEWER: obmik1
My husband bought some chops & I decided to try this marinade. Even though they were only marinating for 3 hours, they were delicious. The only change I made was using dijon mustard as I don't like wholegrain. We made the remaining marinade into a sauce as suggested & served this over the chops. Definitely worth a try & I think I'll try it on some ribs next time. Thanks for sharing.
REVIEWER: Leesa79
This marinade was delicious! It seems like it would be a very versatile marinade, so I'm looking forward to making this again with some chicken next time.
REVIEWER: SquidgyBill
This couldn't be simpler. I guess the hardest part was waiting for it to marinate. I'll be cooking this again in the future!
REVIEWER: starfish101
We love this marinade and use it all the time. Only thing I do differently is I don't put ginger in it because my partner isn't keen on it. Such a yummy, lick-your-fingers marinade!
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Once the home of J.B. King's Windsor Plaster Mills, a United States Gypsum Corp. plant, Atlantic Salt, Inc. made Staten Island its home in 1976 and opened their Richmond Terrace facility. The family-owned Eastern Salt Co., headquartered in Lowell, MA, has its Atlantic Salt branch on 10 acres, which have, which have, some of the […]
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Hey everyone, MMNC just created new games for everyone to play, so visit our games tab on MMNC's website and play any of the games you like. Leave us a like and or comment which game you like the most. We are open to suggestions, so don't be shy. Thank You everyone for the constant […]
MMNC's Daily Word Search Puzzle
Hey everyone, do you think you can find all the words in this word search? But more specifically on the different types of famous ships and boats associated with maritime part 22. Leave a comment on how long it took you to find it and what you words you want to see next. To play […]
Matching Game Weekly update! (Version #2)
Check out this week's update on the matching game! Think you know your ways around this set of maritime equipment? Click the link and see! https://en.educaplay.com/en/learningresources/2782001/museum_matching_game__d_.htm Missed last week's game? You can still try it out using the link below: https://en.educaplay.com/en/learningresources/2766407/museum_matching_game.htm
Morse Code Translator Game
In this game, test your knowledge of Morse code by translating given words into Morse code. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate dashes (-) or dots (.) That would correspond to the English words shown. Here's the link to the game: https://en.educaplay.com/en/learningresources/2774556/html5/mmncny_morse_code_game.htm
2017 Staten Island maritime views
With a new year upon us, we will continue to feature more new shots of Staten Island's various maritime waterfront activity.
We have decided to make a game that tests your maritime skills!
Test yourself and see how much you know about the Museum of Maritime Navigation and Communication by playing our matching game: https://en.educaplay.com/en/learningresources/2766407/museum_matching_game.htm Content will be updated on a weekly basis, so dive in before you miss this week's worth of content!
Staten Island Maritime-themed photo gallery
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Thank You For Your Donation
The Museum of Maritime Navigation and Communication would just like to say thank you to Murray Gottlieb for the Astrolabe. Every piece of Equipment you all donate or any type of support we get from you all is always appreciated. So thank you again Murray for this fine piece of Equipment. #MMNCNY
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- Internships /
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- Internal Accounting Intern
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Internal Accounting InternBookmark This
MRA Associates
3200 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 300
Phoenix, AZ
Posted: October 05 2016
Always be on the alert for potentially fraudulent job postings online - never send money to a potential employer.
DescriptionCompany Summary:
MRA Associates, a dynamic, comprehensive investment and wealth management firm, is seeking students committed to servicing the unique needs of high net worth individuals and their families. We are one of Phoenix Business Journal's top ranked independent investment advisers and one of CareerBuilder's Top Companies to Work For in Arizona. Our team approach focuses on providing excellent client service in a well reputed, fast paced environment. Our small but quickly growing firm boasts a fantastic workplace culture, encourages innovation, and wants motivated students to come join our team!
To apply: Interested candidates should submit a resume and thoughtful cover letter to Brenda Bernardi, Director of Business Operations, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Internship Summary:
Paid internship with small company (40 employees). Hands-on learning starts day one in this fast paced environment. Obtaining course credit may also be possible, depending on the student's program approval. Hours will be flexible (16-40 hrs/wk) based on school schedule. Term of internship is variable, averaging around 10 weeks with the potential for extensions. Apply today, we are hiring YEAR ROUND!
ResponsibilitiesDuties and Responsibilities:
Internship will provide exposure to the inner-workings of a wealth management firm. Responsibilities include a variety of internal accounting duties.
*Assisting with general accounting month-end closing procedures
*Employee reimbursement processing
*Assisting with financial analysis projects
*Managing accounts payable and receivables
*Completing special projects as needed
*Potential for other company projects that may not be accounting related.
*All School of Business Undergraduate Majors
*Sophomore, Junior or Senior in college
*Interest in Internal Accounting
*Ability to create and complete projects with little guidance
*High-level Proficiency in Excel
*Excellent verbal communication and written skills
*Must be organized, detail-oriented and able to multitask with proven ability to plan and achieve results
*Demonstrate highest personal ethics and integrity
*Ability to maintain absolute confidentiality of client information
*Acceptable result on background and drug test
*Team player, collaborative, able to work with and through others
*Desire and ability to work in a small company environment
SkillsRequired - Excel, Planning, Multi Tasking, Organized, Detail Oriented, Written Skills, Verbal Communication
Preferred - Accounting for Small Businesses


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Priyamanaval 11-03-2015 Sun TV Serial Priyamanaval 11/03/2015 Episode 44 of Priyamanaval Tamil Drama watch online Priyamanaval 11.03.15 Tamil Serial on Sun TV – Indian Tamil Channel from Tamil Nadu Priyamanaval March 11th 2015 Episode @ TamiltwistTV.com.
Source 2 – Click on the image below to watch. (Use Google Chrome or Firefox)


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People at Savannah: Adam Ballai Profile
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Taft Photos Photographer
Jane PlainModel Female Atlanta, Georgia, US
Mayhem # 2001367
About MeI am looking for fun creative photographers. I love new unique idea's.I am very openminded, and looking to explore new concepts outside of the mainstream. I DO NOT MODEL NUDE OR IMPLIED Don't bother asking. I do have my own hair and Make up artist for my shoots. Currently I am very interested in concept photographers
Yes, Yes I know I do have a very soft youthful look, do not let this fool your thoughts into viewing me as young and inmature. I am 22 years of age.
If I add you as a photographer it means I have looked at your photo's and would like to work with you in the future.
At THIS TIME I am still exploring the world of modeling and building a portfolio. So TFP/TFCD only.
Have you worked with Jane Plain? Add Credits for Jane Plain! >>
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Winter Knits
There's nothing better in Winter than sitting around in your favourite comfy, warm jumper. Christmas is obviously a big time for patterned knit jumpers, some subtle and some not so subtle, and over the last few years we have really seen this trend grow. Now, we aren't saying reindeer and snowmen are for everyone so we've got a load of subtle (and tasteful) Winter knits to try and tempt you.
This pair of jumpers, the Grey Marl Saskatoon Crew Knit and the Navy Saga Jacquard Crew Neck Knit, are by Bellfield and have distinct skiing themes going on. As a brand, Bellfield like to take the traditional and then add some fun and style to it to create individual pieces. Whether you're into skiing or not we don't think it matters because with one of these you'll be able to create a layered look hot enough to melt the slopes (…sorry).
The Gant Lambswool Crew Knit is, as you may have guessed, made of superb quality lambswool which is sure to keep you cosy, after all it does okay for the sheep out on the hills during Winter doesn't it? Also, a subtle pattern means it can be worn with virtually anything else and it will still look good.
Hilfiger Denim have created this cool Earnest Knit which features a stripe pattern in purple and blue which is a key trend in current men's knitwear. This would be an impressive one to add to your collection!
Whatever your style of knit with our big range of patterned or plain, wool or cotton, bright or dark, you will find the perfect one for this Winter season at Stand-Out. See the full collection here.
Tags: hilfiger denim, bellfield, gant, mens fashion, menswear, winter knits, knitwear, jumpers, christmas, pattern, skiing


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Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless)
A dinner staple from the leanest part of the bird: Half a breast has just 2.5 grams of fat and more than 22 grams of protein.
Try this: Shred cooked chicken and toss with olive oil, raisins, curry powder, and fresh lime juice. Or try Stuffed Chicken Breasts With Tomato Salad.
The payoff from this leafy green: loads of vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and antioxidants. Kale is also a good source of lutein, an eye-friendly nutrient that may slow macular degeneration by more than 40 percent.
Try this: Make kale chips by tearing the leaves into pieces and tossing with olive oil, salt, and pepper. Spread on a baking sheet and bake at 300° F until crisp, 20 to 30 minutes. Or try Quinoa With Mushrooms, Kale, and Sweet Potatoes.


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