text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 1, 1986
|Filing date
|Nov 22, 1982
|Priority date
|Nov 22, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter R. Petrus, Raymond F. St. Louis
|Original Assignee
|Pico Products, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (41), Classifications (22), Legal Events (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to communications in general and, more particularly, to a subscriber control system for communicating with subscriber terminals at remote locations via cable.
In the cable T.V. area, a customer buys separate services separately. For example, in one particular cable system there is available a basic cable service, a movie channel, an entertainment channel, and a sports channel. The subscriber pays for each separately. It is thus necessary that the cable service be able to control which of the services the customer receives. In the past, it has been the common practice to accomplish this in one of two ways. One way of doing this is to place at the subscriber multitap i.e., at a location outside the home from which a number of homes are fed, negative traps. These negative traps are filters which are put in place and which trap or filter out the channels to which the subscriber is not subscribing. This requires, each time a subscriber changes his subscription, that a serviceman be sent out to remove or insert the negative trap. The other manner of insuring that only those who subscribe receive a channel is through the use of scrambling. The channels for which one must pay extra are scrambled and the subscriber is provided with a descrambler. This, of course, increases the overall cost and requires additional equipment which must be maintained. Furthermore, in either of these instances, it is difficult to selectively supply to subscribers an individual event for which they pay separately (per view), for example a major prize fight or other sporting event, concert or the like.
Thus, there is a need for an improved system which permits addressing subscribers in a cable system to, in effect, enable and disable tiers of service which are paid for separately.
The present invention provides such a system. A key element of the system is a tuned trap in combination with switching means for switching the tuned trap in and out of the circuit. The tuned trap, which utilizes a varactor diode for tuning, contains two sections which provide a two pole filter. One of the poles is fixed and the other pole is tuned back and forth through the first pole at a predetermined rate. What this results in is a scramble which is not recoverable since in the system of the present invention it is not intended to be decoded. Rather, with the addressable system of the present invention, when the subsciber subscribes, that trap is simply bypassed or disconnected. Thus, unlike present scramble systems which can be avoided since, as a practical matter, a scramble which is too difficult cannot be used, a subscriber with the system of the present invention cannot, other than by getting into the equipment and modifying it, this equipment being outside of his house on a pole, defeat the scramble.
In the system of the present invention, in addition to transmitting T.V. signals over the cable, subscribers are addressed by means of an F.S.K. [Frequency Shift Key] modulated 103.8 MHz Carrier. The system can address 10,000 subscribers per minute for per view service. Feedback is provided to indicate the status of the addressed subscribers.
This system also can provide alarm services and is capable of addressing alarm customers at a rate of 2200 subscribers per minute for continuously readdressing subscriber terminals with tier latch commands and interrogating the subscriber terminal as to the status of its tier latches. The tier latches are the switches which switch in and out the tuned traps and can also be switches relating to an alarm system. The data is returned to the central computer location on 24.3 MHz FSK carrier. The two-way system is, of course, not absolutely necessary. The system will work simply by sending out the addresses and command information. The replies, however, help to pinpoint failures in the system so that prompt service calls can be made.
The present system is designed such that each subscriber terminal must receive its correct address in the same command twice in succession before it will execute the command. This double-valid data requirement has the effect of reducing the error rate.
The subscriber terminal, one of which is provided for each one to four subscribers, is housed in a high security housing about the size of a line extender amplifier. Co-ax wiring is provided between the outputs of this multi-tap and the subscriber drops. In accordance with the present invention, the terminal is powered through subscriber drop by means of a calculator-type low voltage power supply on the subscriber's premises. Thus, normally each subscriber will be supplying power to the common terminal, although the design is such that the terminal will operate properly with at least two power supplies connected out of the four possible. Included within the subscriber terminal is a housing or common printed circuit board and subscriber printed circuit boards, one for each subscriber. The common board contains an RF demodulator, 9 bit address decoder and a scramble generator. Each of the subscriber boards contains a 5 bit address, 4 bit data decoder, an 8 bit addressable latch, tuned traps pin diode switch drivers, a 9 bit data encoder and 8 pin diode switches. Each housing is assigned an address prior to installation using a computer which blows address fuses on the housing PC board and prints the housing serial number which is the same as the address. The subscriber printed circuit board is unaddressed and received its address on being plugged into the housing. The system is such that the installers need have no knowledge of binary or trinary addressing and incorrect and duplicate addresses are avoided. Furthermore, the subscriber boards are interchangeable.
As noted above, the tuned traps of the present invention provide a type of scramble which cannot be decoded. The scramble generator includes means for generating a scramble square-wave voltage which is fed to a varactor which tunes the one pole of the trap. It varies in tuned frequency at the scramble frequency rate. When the pole is tuned to the same frequency as the other pole of the trap, the trap will be tuned to its maximum depth of about 60 dB. When the varactor tuned pole is out of tune with the other poles, the trap will be at its minimum attenuation of about 30 dB. This scheme has the effect of attenuating the visual carrier by 30 dB plus adding a 97% AM scramble modulation to the visual carrier. In addition to destroying the sync modulation, it also destroys the video modulation resulting in a hard scramble regardless of fine tuning adjustment to the T.V. set. In addition to the video scramble, an audio scramble occurs due to the phase modulation which the trap induces on the visual carrier. This phase modulation of the visual carrier appears on the 4.5 MHz audio intercarrier and has the same effect as FM modulation of the audio carrier. The amount of FM deviation equivalent caused by the phase modulation is somewhat dependant on the T.V. receiver.
The frequency of the scramble is obtained from the data pulse stream in order to establish a stable and uniform scramble frequency throughout the C.A.T.V. [cable T.V.] system since the frequency for the "best scramble" is critical. To prevent the loss of scramble signal in the event that the data stream is interrupted, a free-running scramble oscillator is included in the subscriber terminal. This oscillator is normally locked to the data frequency, but should the data stream be interrupted, the oscillator will continue to run close to the ideal scramble frequency.
At the central location, the equipment for controlling the subscriber terminals includes five basic parts:
1. A self-contained subscriber controller which is capable of operating independently and contains memory and battery backup. This unit continually addresses the subscriber terminals with data which has been stored in its memory;
2. A mini-computer;
3. A hard disk drive with cassette copy control;
4. Intelligent terminals, e.g., micro-computers; and
5. At least one printer.
Other than the subscriber controller, the rest of the equipment is standard off the shelf hardware. For example, the mini-computer could be a DEC mini-computer or possibly an IBM Personal Computer. The intelligent terminals can also be IBM Personal Computers. The mini-computer and the intelligent terminals are used to, first of all, provide the data to the memory in the subscriber-controller and to change and monitor data. This memory indicates the services to which each subscriber has subscribed. This controller is optically isolated from the system and designed for a higher MTBF than the rest of the system for continuous service. Through the use of battery backup, along with a real time clock, the subscriber controller, which can store up to 4 days of per view turn on information will continue to operate, even if disconnected from the rest of the equipment, thereby preventing disaster in the case of a computer failure or power failure just before a per view program turn-on time, e.g., just before a big prize fight. In the event of a failure of the controller, subscriber terminals will maintain their memory indefinitely as long as they are powered.
The purpose of the mini-computer and the hard disk are to store subscriber statistics and contain numerous programs such as customer statistics, per view program guide, billing, mailing labels, printer control, controller control, trouble reporting, self-monitoring, maintenance programs, etc. The intelligent terminals interact with the mini-computer and the subscriber controller to update information, i.e., customer tier commands, per view turn-on, billing date start, etc. The terminals, since they are preferably computers can also be used in a local mode as word-processors for doing accounts payable, general ledger payroll income tax, etc. It is also possible to provide programs on these computers that use the subscriber data-base but which cannot change it.
The system of the present invention also allows the provision of a subscriber alarm system. The subscriber alarm terminal is located on the subscriber premises and connected to the subscriber drop. Alarm subscribers are interrogated five times more often than non-alarm subscribers resulting in a rate of 10,000 per minute. In a system with 333 alarm customers, each alarm terminal would be polled every two seconds. The alarm system can send eight different alarm codes on a priority bases. In addition, its data encoder has six spare bits for future data [36=729,000] different codes, the system being a trinary system.
The system has the capacity for serving from 5,000 to 100,000 subscribers, dependant only on the number of memory integrated circuits added and the size of the hard disk memory used. The subscriber terminals are addressed with a combination of binary and trinary bits that allows for a maximum of 629,856 subscribers per system.
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a block diagram of the subscriber terminal according to the present invention.
FIG. 2B is a block diagram of the equipment located at the business office.
FIG. 2C a block diagram of equipment located at the CATV head end.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the varactor tuned trap according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates the lay-out of the trap of FIG. 3.
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D are spectrum analysis diagrams showing the effect of the trap of FIG. 3.
FIG. 1 is a very basic block diagram of the system of the present invention. The basic elements include the office equipment, indicated generally as 11, in which the main piece of equipment is the controller. Also included, however, is the mini-computer, disk drive and intelligent terminals. Information from the office 11 is sent to the head end 13 where it is added to the incoming T.V. signal which is transmitted over the line 17 to a plurality of terminals 19 each of which have up to four customer drops 21. Each customer drop 21 may then be connected to customer equipment 23 including a converter and television set. The controller in the office addresses each of the terminals enabling the various tiers of service, depending on the customer's desires.
FIG. 2A is a more detailed block diagram of the equipment at an individual terminal. The incoming signal on line 17 is fed over a line 31 to couple video and audio to the output 33 at which point a cable can be connected providing the customer drop 21. The line 31 is coupled into a first pair of switches 35a and 35b which are closed to provide basic service. If these switches are open, then the customer receives nothing. A plurality of additional pairs of switches, such as switches 37a, 37b, 39a, 39b, 41a and 41b are used to provide the various tiers of service. It is contemplated that tiers A through E may be provided, one of these being a per view tier, i.e., a tier which is selected only for viewing a particular event. As used here, a tier may be a single channel or a group of channels. More conventionally it is used to refer to a group of channels. Thus, in more general terms, the pairs of switches control the reception of a portion of the T.V. frequency spectrum which may include one or more channels. The incoming signal on line 31 is coupled in serial through all of these pairs of switches to the output 33. There is a capacitor 43 in the output for isolation of a DC voltage which is fed back from the subscriber over the cable through input 33, through a filter comprising a choke 45 and capacitor 47, to the power supply unit 49 which includes a zener diode 51 to clamp the voltage to 12 volts, a capacitor 53 and a resistor 55 for current limiting purposes. Coupled to the resistor 55 are four diodes 57 to isolate the power supplies of the different subscribers from each other. The power supply with its 12 volt output on line 59 provides all of the power for the unit of FIG. 2A. The switches are used to coupled in tuned traps to trap one of the tiers of service. Thus with all traps in place the trapped tiers are scrambled. Those frequencies not trapped pass through unaffected. This is shown by spectrum and layer traces of FIGS. 5A and 5B.
FIG. 5A shows reference lines for two channels of a coaxial switch. The center line is 225 MHz, frequency divisions 5 MHz/div. As shown by FIG. 5A from the point of zero frequency, at which high attenuation is indicated by a dip 501 through 450 MHz covering all of the cable spectrum the two traces 503 and 505 are identical and show essentially no attenuation.
FIG. 5B shows the effect of placing a trap to tuned to Ch.2 at 55.25 MHz in one channel of the switch. The reference channel trace 503 is as before. Now, however, the trace 505 of the channel with the trap exhibits a sharp dip (high attenuation) at the Ch.2 frequency. All other frequencies pass essentially unattenuated. This corresponds, for example, to a case where switches 37A and 37B of FIG. 2A are connected to trap 61 (a Ch.2 trap) and all other switches are bypassing their respective traps.
The switches 37a and b, 39a and b, and 41a and b will be in a position shunting a tuned trap 61, as shown in connection with switches 37a and 37b or coupling through tuned trap 63 or 65 as shown in connection with switches 39a and b, and 41a and b. Each of the tuned traps will be tuned to a particular channel, for example, the mid-band channels A-I. When the trap is in place it will filter out that particular channel. If one assumes, for example that the tiers correspond to channels and are in the position shown, channel A would pass through without being filtered out by a trap 61. However, since the switches 39a and b, and 41a and b are in the position connecting in the trap, channels B and E would be filtered out and could not be received by that particular customer.
The remainder of the circuitry comprises circuits for controlling the setting of these switches and for feeding back information concerning the state of the various switches. As indicated previously, the information is transmitted on a 103.8 MHz carrier. This signal is provided on a line 71 through a capacitor 73 to a 103.8 MHz band pass filter 75, the output of the filter being an input to a mixer 77 receiving an input from a 97.3 MHz voltage-controlled oscillator. The output of the mixer at 6.5 MHz is coupled through a 6.5 MHz band pass filter 81 into a FM receiver 83 which receives the information and provides output data on line 85. The data enters a decoder 87 where the terminal address is decoded. The decoder 87 may be a motorola MC 145028 which receives a nine bit serial word and decodes it and compares it with the address set in by address fuses 89. If the received address corresponds to that set in on the fuses a valid transmission outtput is generated on line 88. Address fuses 89 also supply address inputs to decoders 91 in the individual subscriber boards. A valid address signal from decoder 87 triggers a monostable multivibrator 93 which enables an AND gate 95 to couple additional data which defines the selected tiers over line 97 to the decoders 91 (only one of four of which is shown). These decoders may be MC 15027 which interpret the first five bits as address and the last four bits as data. The decoder 91 when a proper address is recognized, provides an output on lines 92 which has three address bits and one status bit, providing a command. This data is coupled into an eight bit addressable latch 101, upon generation of the valid address signal from decoder 91, which, in turn, operates a driver 103. The driver outputs control the various pairs of switches, the flrst output, for example, controlling switches 35a and 35b. In succession, the decoder 91 provides information for setting each of the eight latches in addressable latch 101. This permits controlling seven tiers of service, the eighth address being a signal to start transmission for feedback. Feedback is accomplished through the use of a nine bit encoder 105. This may be an MC 145026. Encoder 105 responds to a transmit start signal, which is the eighth output of the latch 101, through driver 103. The data encoded onto line 12 is the state, as provided on lines 104, of the outputs of driver 103. It also provides an output on line 107 indicating that transmit is on. This mutes the FM receiver 83. It also closes a switch 109 coupling a signal through a capacitor 111 to a 24.33 MHz band pass filter 113 and then through a choke 115 onto line 71 from which it will be provided to line 17 and back to the head end. Necessary frequencies both for receiveing and transmitting are generated using a crystal 121 which oscillates at 3.579545 MHz. This is a very conventional crystal since it is used in essentially all color television sets. This crystal is used along with a phase locked loop frequency synthesizer 123 to provide a control voltage output on line 125. The control voltage is coupled through a filter formed by resistors 127 and 129 with a capacitor at 131 to ground at their junction, into the voltage controlled oscillator 79. Output from the voltage controlled oscillator is coupled back a divide by four stage 133 and divide by sixteen 135 to a divide by 434 input of the synthesizer 123. This loop maintains the frequency during receiving, 97.3 MHz. It also maintains a center frequency of 97.3 MHz while being frequency shift keyed by data coupled on line 141 from the nine bit encoder through resistor 143 to provide a frequency shift keyed 24.33 MHz return signal. Because the filter comprising capacitor 131 and resistors 127 and 129 has a long time constant, the control voltage supplied by capacitor 131 stays at that providing the center frequency while the actual frequency is modulated about this center frequency by the voltage through resistor 143. If only a one way system is required mixer 77 can be supplied simply from a 97.3 MHz crystal controlled oscillator. The remainder of the circuits of FIG. 2A are for generating the square wave signal which is utilized to tune the varactors in the traps 61, 63, and 65. This circuit includes an astable multivibrator 151 which is syncronized to a clock signal on line 153, the clock signal being obtained from the decoder 87 and at the data frequency. One output of the multivibrator is coupled through a resistor divider comprising resistors 162 and 163 to ground the junction of these two which is the line coupled to traps 61, 63 and 65 to modulate them. This has on it a square wave varying between 15 volts and ground. The other output of the multivibrator is coupled into a binary ripple counter 155 which has a divide by 32, a divide by 64 and a divide by 4096 output. These outputs are combined in Nand gates 157 and 159 and inverter 169 to provide a further modulator signal output on line 161. This is used to further modulate the final output. The outputs from gates 157 and 159 are coupled through resistors 158 and 160 to the junction of resistors 162 and 163. These gates when on pull the signal toward ground. The resulting mdoulation causes in the aforementioned video and audio scrambling.
FIG. 2B shows the head end portion of the system. The output of the head end is coupled through a plurality of bi-directional line amplifiers 171 in the line 17. Included in the head end unit are head end processors 173 generating video information. This video information is coupled through a filter 175 to the output line 17. Also received within this unit is the address and control information. This information comes in on line 17 on a carrier of 18 MHz which is frequency shift keyed with the information. In the head end, the 18 MHz information, after passing through filter 175, which includes a high pass section and a low pass section, is converted in a converter 177 to 103.8 MHz which is then amplified in an amplifier 179 and coupled back to the output through filter 175. The information now at 103.8 MHz is transmitted to the various terminals. Returning information at 24 MHz is received and converted in converter 181 to 104 MHz. The 104 MHz signal is amplified in amplifier 183 and transmitted back to the business office at this frequency.
FIG. 2C shows the equipment at the business office. Visible is another line amplifier 171 in the line 17. The equipment includes a mini-computer 201 which is coupled to a hard disk 203 for memory purposes along with a printer 205. Also provided are one or more intelligent terminals 207. The key part of the system is the controller 209 which includes its own battery backup power supply 211. Within the controller is contained a communications controller 213 which handles communications with external devices such as the intelligent terminals 207, the mini-computer 201, the printer 205, etc. Communications controller also receives an input from a time clock 215 which establishes the system frequencies. Communication controller and time clock 215 couple into a CPU 217 which is provided with a static memory 219 and a program memory 221. The static memory 219 stores all of the switch or latch status changes for all consumers for a period of four days. This information is then, under control of the communications controller and CPU provided as an output through a data encoder 222 which converts it to trinary data and a frequency shift keying transmitter 223 which provides the output at 18 MHz on line 225 which is then coupled through filter 227. This is the information, then, which is provided to the head end.
The received information from the head end at 104 MHz is coupled through filter 227 to a 104 to 10.7 MHz converter 229 and FSK receiver 231 and thence to a data decoder 233 whereupon the data is fed back into the CPU. This information can then be coupled through the communications control 213 to the mini-computer 201 where it is available for interrogation from the intelligent terminal 207 and can also be used to generate alarms, etc. or provide outputs on printer 205 to indicate malfunctions in the system.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one of the varactor tuned traps such as the trap 61. The trap includes an upper section 301 and a lower section 303. The upper section 301 includes an input terminal 304 and an output terminal 305. In one parallel branch are coils L5A and L5B. In another parallel branch is a variable coil or inductor L3 in series with a capicitor C2. The lower portion 303 of the filter, which is the voltage tuned portion, includes three branches. The middle branch has a capacitor C1 to ground, the left hand branch, in parallel with capacitor C1, contains a capacitor C3 and varactor diode CR1 in series and, the third branch, also in parallel with C1 a variable inductor L2. The control input for the varactor diode CR1 is at an input terminal 307 which is coupled through a resistor R1 to the junction between diode CR1 and C3. A capacitor C5, is coupled between input terminal 304 and output terminal 305 to improve operation. The circuit of FIG. 3 has two poles. One pole is tuned to the frequency of the channel to be filtered out. The other pole is caused, by means of a square wave modulation input on terminal 307, to shift back and forth across the first pole. The result of this is shown by the waveforms of FIGS. 5A and 5B which represent outputs obtained from the screen of a spectrum analyzer. FIG. 5C shows both sections tuned to the same frequency and FIG. 5D, the one pole detuned. In effect, when both sections are tuned to the same exact frequency phase cancellation, i.e. theoretically infinite dB of attenuation result. Only by tuning through this point is phase cancellation insured.
The physical arrangement of the parts of FIG. 3 are illustrated in FIG. 4. All of the components are mounted on an elongate printed circuit board 309. The copper pattern 311 on the other side of the board is shown in dotted lines. As illustrated, coils L2 and L3 which are variable are contained within cans 313 and 315 and include a screwdriver adjustable core 319.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 14, 1983
Owner name: PICO PRODUCTS, INC., 1001 VINE ST., LIVERPOOL, NY.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:PETRUS, PETER R.;ST. LOUIS, RAYMOND F.;REEL/FRAME:004140/0227
Effective date: 19830302
Owner name: PICO PRODUCTS, INC., 1001 VINE ST., LIVERPOOL, N.Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:PETRUS, PETER R.;ST. LOUIS, RAYMOND F.;REEL/FRAME:004146/0868
Effective date: 19830601
|Jul 26, 1984
Owner name: ITT INDUSTRIAL CREDIT COMPANY, 1400 NORTH CENTRAL
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARCADIAN CORPORATION, A CORP OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004289/0307
Effective date: 19840604
Owner name: ITT INDUSTRIAL CREDIT COMPANY,MINNESOTA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARCADIAN CORPORATION, A CORP OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004289/0307
Effective date: 19840604
|Oct 31, 1984
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CREDIT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF N.
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARCADIAN CORPORATION A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004322/0339
Effective date: 19840604
|Feb 4, 1985
Owner name: ARCADIAN CORPORATION, COLUMBIA ROAD AND PARK AVE.,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. MUNC PRO TUNC JUNE 1, 1984;ASSIGNOR:ALLIED CORPORATION, CORP. OF NEW YORK;REEL/FRAME:004363/0182
Effective date: 19841010
|Oct 28, 1986
|Certificate of correction
|Jul 12, 1988
Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION), THE
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARCADIAN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004914/0157
Effective date: 19880708
|Jul 20, 1988
Owner name: ARCADIAN CORPORATION, ONE GATEHALL DR., PARSIPPANY
Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004998/0132
Effective date: 19880711
|Apr 17, 1989
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF N
Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:ARCADIAN CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY;REEL/FRAME:005094/0735
Effective date: 19890302
|Apr 21, 1989
Owner name: ARCADIAN CORPORATION, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:ITT COMMERCIAL FINANCE CORP., A NEVADA CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005178/0460
Effective date: 19890119
|Oct 31, 1989
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 26, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 26, 1990
|Surcharge for late payment
|Nov 2, 1993
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 3, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 14, 1994
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19900403


text:
Industrial Commissary Kitchen
Downtown Eastside - Vancouver, BC
Events, Meetings, Production
We are a commissary kitchen and private event venue located in the heart of Railtown and at the edge of Gastown. Perfect for events, social dinner parties, group meetings, photo shoots, and films.
Featuring wood accents, industrial-style decor and large windows allowing for an abundance of natural light. We also offer in house catering for any of your event needs.
Amenities & Features
Daily: $500/day
Weekly: not available
Monthly: not available
Minimum Booking: 2 hours
Protected by $2,000,000 Host Insurance
Every booking on thisopenspace includes liability coverage, at no additional cost.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This listing has been removed.
Search Hardeeville, SC
Sitter in Hardeeville
My name is Marissa. I'm a 27 year old young professional. I am a GM for a multi location QSR concept in Savannah. My husband and I are expecting our first child in June and I am looking to make some extra income on the side to put away specifically for the baby. I put myself through college working as a nanny and I have a great deal of experience ranging from newborns to preteen. I am reliable and on time. I love being outside, doing active things, camping, going to the beach and doing anything that involves a challenge or using my imagination. I have a 5 year old nephew and a 10 month old niece who I love spending time with and taking care of when I travel to visit them or they come to visit me. I'm available evenings and weekends. I'm not looking for set schedule, but more so available for date nights or other commitments parents may have, working 1 to 4 hours. My availability is flexible however, so if you ever need mornings, I can also make that work. $8 per hour for one child and $2 more for each child after that. Also if you only need an hour or so, I have a $15 minimum. Feel free to call or email. I'm available in the Savannah, Bluffton and Hardeeville Area. I have my own reliable transportation. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sitter Details
|Email Address
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|609-367-... Confirmed
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- 1 (mathematics) an arrangement of numbers, symbols, etc. in rows and columns, treated as a single quantity See related entries: Mathematical terminology
- 2(formal) the formal social, political, etc. situation from which a society or person grows and develops the European cultural matrix
- 3(formal or literary) a system of lines, roads, etc. that cross each other, forming a series of squares or shapes in between synonym network a matrix of paths
- 4(specialist) a mould in which something is shaped
- 5 (computing) a group of electronic circuit elements arranged in rows and columns like a grid see also dot matrix printer
- 6 (geology) a mass of rock in which minerals, precious stones, etc. are found in the ground Word Originlate Middle English (in the sense 'womb'): from Latin, 'breeding female', later 'womb', from mater, matr- 'mother'.
BrE BrE//ˈmeɪtrɪks//; NAmE NAmE//ˈmeɪtrɪks//(pl. matrices
BrE BrE//ˈmeɪtrɪsiːz//; NAmE NAmE//ˈmeɪtrɪsiːz//) Mathematical terminology
Check pronunciation: matrix


text:
- Autor: LITTLETON, CYNTHIA
de: R$ 94,75por:
R$ 68,29preço +culturaem até 2x de R$ 34,15 sem juros no cartão, ver mais opções
Produto disponível até 15min após
a confirmação do pagamento!
a confirmação do pagamento!
Você pode ler este livro digital em vários dispositivos:
On November 9, 2007, the Avenue of the Stars, a six-lane concourse that runs through the most affluent business district in Los Angeles, was swelling with striking writers and their supporters. It was day five of the Writers Guild of America strike against film and television production entities, notably those controlled by Hollywood's heavyweights: Walt Disney Co., News Corp., Time Warner, NBC Universal, Viacom, Sony Corp., and CBS Corp. Nearly two years of rhetoric and posturing by leaders of the guild and the major entertainment conglomerates had devolved into a bare-knuckle street fight. It was the first industry-wide walkout to hobble Hollywood in nearly twenty years. In TV on Strike Littleton narrates the inside story of the hundred-day writers' strike that crippled Hollywood, exploring the television industry's uneasy transition to the digital age that was the driving force behind the most significant labor dispute of the twenty-first century. The strike put the spotlight on how the advent of new media distribution platforms is reshaping the traditional business models that have governed the entertainment business for decades. The more than 4,000 writers that crowded the streets of Los Angeles and New York with picket signs laid bare the depth of the divide, after years of industry consolidation, between the handful of media barons who rule Hollywood and the writers whose works support the industry. With both sides afraid of losing millions in future profits, a critical communication breakdown spurred a brief but fierce fight with repercussions that continue today. The saga of the Writers Guild of America strike is told through the eyes of key players on both sides of the negotiating table and by the foot soldiers who shocked even themselves with the strength of their resolve to fight for their rights in the face of an ambiguous future.
Detalhes do Produto
- Formato: ePub
- Subtítulo: WHY HOLLYWOOD WENT TO WAR OVER THE INTERNET
- Origem: IMPORTADO
- Editora: SYRACUSE UNIV PRESS
- Coleção: Television and Popular Culture
- Assunto: Comunicação - Rádio e TV
- Idioma: INGLÊS
- Ano de Edição: 2013
- Ano: 2016
- País de Produção: United States
- Código de Barras: 2001052393865


text:
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Philips non-dimmable A-19 8 watt 5000K bright white LED bulb generates as much light as many 60 watt incandescent bulbs.
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text:
Team Overview
The Stockton Ports are gradually recovering from their disastrous 16-game losing streak that saw them plummet from first half California League title contention while wasting a 7-3 beginning to the 2012 campaign. However, since the skid was snapped, Stockton has shown that they intend on challenging for the second half crown, with gritty performances throughout the latter portions of May and the remainder of the pre All-Star schedule in June. Now, without their standout slugger, Miles Head, Stockton must tackle another speedbump in replacing the heart of their offense. But, as they squad has proven in recent weeks, they possess the ability to score runs with their remaining eight members of their nightly lineup.
Stockton would close out the first half on a stellar run that to some degree paralleled their 7-3 start by winning six of their final 10 contests that included series victories over Visalia and San Jose, a series split versus Bakersfield that prevented the Blaze from clinching the first half title on Stockton's turf, and a dominating 11-3 romp over the Rawhide to close the curtain on Stockton's initial 70 games.
Things haven't been quite as positive in Stockton to commence the second half, as the Ports were recently swept by the Modesto Nuts in a four game series to stamp a 0-4 mark on Stockton to begin the second half push. The Ports were struck out 48 times in the series and were shutout out offensively in the second game for the first time since April 27th.
Through Sunday, the Ports were sixth out of 10 teams in the league in OPS with a 744 mark. The Ports have hit the fourth-most homeruns (71), but they have scored the third-least runs (343). Stockton's pitching staff has been solid. The team is ranked third in ERA with a 4.16 mark and they have a 629:193 K:BB ratio. Their 193 walks are the second-fewest in the league. The team defense has let the Ports down all season, however, as the Ports' staff has been tagged with 73 unearned runs.
Comings And Goings
There has been a considerable amount of player movement for the Ports during the last several weeks. Most notably, top prospects A.J. Cole and Rashun Dixon were sent back down to Low-A Burlington and were replaced by right-hander Sean Murphy and outfielder Dusty Robinson. Cole has excelled in Iowa. The lanky prospect allowed two homers in his Midwest League debut, but through Sunday, Cole hadn't surrendered another long ball in 22 2/3 IP and he had a 31:6 K:BB ratio. Dixon has experienced a resurgence as well, hitting .214/.368/.443 with 31 total bases for the Bees thus far. For Stockton, Robinson has fared relatively well for the Ports, having hit seven homers. A recent slump has dropped his OPS to 702, however, and his strikeout percentage tops 33%. Murphy has highlighted a Ports rotation and has a 0.94 WHIP and a 39:9 K:BB in six 2012 Stockton starts.
Myrio Richard was placed on the DL, and Mitch LeVier took Richard's spot following his service of a 50-game suspension for a second violation of baseball's drug policies. LeVier has succeeded with the Ports since his return, hitting .293/.370/.415 in 41 at-bats through Sunday.
Stockton has restocked their pitching arsenal by adding Pedro Vidal from extending spring training, A.J. Huttenlocker following a demotion from Midland and Blake Hassebrock following two-month stint on the disabled list. Hassebrock started a contest against Visalia on June 15th and struggled, permitting five hits, four runs, and a homer in two frames. Vidal, a native of the Dominican Republic, has contributed in Stockton's bullpen by recording 6.1 scoreless frames, allowing four hits, and striking out seven. Huttenlocker, a fixture for Stockton in 2011, has received a warm welcome with the Ports, possessing a 6:2 K:BB in 4.1 IP.
During the All-Star break, the Ports lost their top player when Miles Head was promoted to Double-A Midland. The Cal League All-Star left the team with the league's best OPS and BA. Replacing Head is another promising offensive prospect, B.A. Vollmuth, third round 2011 selection. In his Ports debut, he went 2-7 with a BB in an 18 inning thriller.
Who's Hot
The most pivotal offensive piece for Stockton this season has been Head, who was hitting .382/.433/.715 with 18 HR, six triples, 23 doubles, and had 191 total bases with the Ports before departing to Texas following the All-Star break. Without Head, Stockton must search for other outlets of offensive production to fuel the ballclub to a possible second half title. One possibility is A.J. Kirby-Jones, who hit .297/.414/.543 in the first 70 games of the season and notched the second-highest OBP in the league behind Head. Kirby-Jones also was second on the squad in homers with 13, and had two triples and 12 doubles en route to 123 total bases.
Kirby-Jones' collegiate teammate at Tennessee Tech, Chad Oberacker, has solidified the leadoff position for Stockton with his consistent ability to get on base. He's transitioned well from Low-A Burlington, hitting .282/.355/.436 with five homers and 11 doubles in the Cal League. He also hit for the cycle earlier this year. Most recently, Oberacker is hitting .308/.460/.487 in his previous 10 contests and also has stolen the most bases in the league without being caught (15). Even during team-wide offensive droughts, Oberacker has remained as a consistently reliable force for the Ports.
Catcher Beau Taylor has shined since transferring to Stockton from extended spring training. Taylor, a fifth-round selection in 2011, may not have wowed with his power, recording two HR in 139 at-bats, but he has been a model of consistency with a .309 average, .401 OBP, 819 OPS and a 13.0 BB%. Taylor has a miniscule 13.6 K% and the highest BB/K on the club.
Highlighting the Ports pitching core is their resident ace, Blake Treinen. Treinen, while having surrendered numerous hits, has been otherwise outstanding for Stockton, compiling a 7.90 K/9, 1.70 BB/9, and 4.63 K/BB. The 97 hits he's allowed in 84.1 IP may be linked to his slightly inflated .337 BABIP and his less than stellar 0.85 HR/9. But still, Treinen has claimed a 3.35 FIP and has a 28:4 K:BB in his previous five starts (28.1 IP). The righty from Ossage City, Kansas, strung together a phenomenal performance on June 12th, where he finished the first complete game for a Stockton Port since May of 2010 in a shortened 7-inning contest versus Bakersfield. He struck out 10 and walked one.
At the end of Stockton's bullpen, Zach Thornton has settled into the closer role for the Ports. The righty has six saves, a 12.24 K/9, and a 2.25 BB/9 while bucking the California League flyball trend in 2012, allowing a single homer in 28 IP. Most recently, Thornton has a 17:4 K:BB in his previous 10 appearances.


text:
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
SESSION TITLE: COPD Diagnosis & Evaluation Posters
SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Poster
PRESENTED ON: Wednesday, October 30, 2013 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM
PURPOSE: Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment for patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of COPD. Diseases with eosinophilic inflammation often demonstrate a robust response to corticosteroids. We hypothesize that patients hospitalized with AECOPD who had peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) on presentation respond earlier to corticosteroid therapy
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients admitted to the UTMB hospitals from January 2009 to September 2012. Inclusion criteria were a discharge diagnosis of AECOPD and having received at least one dose of corticosteroids during the hospital stay. Groups were separated by the presence or absence of PBE, defined as ≥ 2% eosinophils on peripheral blood count at admission. Demographic data, hospital medication use, and outcome measures were recorded. Primary outcome was hospital length of stay. T-test and chi-sq test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: 416 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 131 patients (31.4%) demonstrated PBE. Patients with PBE were more likely to be male, African American, and have a history of illicit drug use. Length of stay (mean +/- STD) was significantly shorter for patients with PBE, 2.61 +/- 1.88 vs non PBE 4.23 +/- 6.34, p < 0.0001. Total corticosteroid dose in the first 48 hours was not significantly different between groups.. 30 day readmission rates for COPD exacerbation were significantly higher in the PBE group (14.5% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.047). There was no difference in all cause 30-day readmission rates (22.1% vs. 21%, p = 0.903).
CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood eosinophilia may help identify patients with AECOPD who respond more rapidly to corticosteroids but is associated with higher 30-day readmission rates for COPD exacerbation.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinical Implications: 1. Patients with AECOPD and PBE may require prolonged therapy with corticosteroid therapy to prevent recurrence. 2. The possibility of an allergic component and more frequent recurrence should trigger review for possible environmental triggers. 3. The use of corticosteroids in patients without PBE may need to be reconsidered.
DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Victor Cardenas, Li Zeng, Gulshan Sharma
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Bed and Breakfast(2013)
A Novella by Gail Anderson-Dargatz
This high-interest, low-vocabulary novella is intended for adult basic education (ABE) and English as a Second Language (ESL) readers. Annie runs a bed and breakfast. She has lived alone since her husband died five years ago. Now, she wishes for someone to love. One morning Brent, a guest, walks into her life. Her heart skips a beat. Handsome, charming, well dressed - will Brent turn out to be the man of her dreams?
Used availability for Gail Anderson-Dargatz's Bed and Breakfast
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Paperback Editions
September 2013 : Canada Perfect Paperback
|Title: Bed and Breakfast
Author(s): Gail Anderson-Dargatz
ISBN: 1-77153-000-6 / 978-1-77153-000-2 (Canada edition)
Publisher: Grass Roots Press
Availability: Amazon CA
Kindle Editions
September 2013 : USA, Canada, UK Kindle edition
|Title: Bed and Breakfast (Good Reads)
Author(s): Gail Anderson-Dargatz
Publisher: Grass Roots Press
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
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text: Hi, It was suggested to me that perhaps splitting out auditctl's functionality logically into separate tools, might be something to consider. For instance, adding and removing rules could be done by the 'aurule' command, leaving 'auditctl' to handle things like backlog, rate limits, enabling and disabling of the audit subsystem, etc. I have to admit, I quite like the idea. I'm not a big fan of all-in-wonder tools and that if we could, we should split auditctl up before it turns into a menagerie of ideas that are linked simply by the fact they interact or utilize the audit subsystem in some way, shape, or form. -tim


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Bangalore, Feb 13: Yuvraj Singh was the costliest player of IPL 7 Auction and the left-hander will be seen in Royal Challengers Bangalore colours this season.
The squads: MI; CSK; KKR; DD; KXIP; SRH; RR
Here is the full squad of RCB after the auction. They bought 18 players and had retained three. RCB, however, do not have a single local player (Karnataka/Bangalore) in the squad.
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) Squad for IPL 7
Squad strength: 21. Amount spent: Rs 60 crores (all funds used up). Funds for three retentions: Rs 29.5 cr
Costliest player: Yuvraj Singh (Rs 14 cr)
Overseas players: 8
Batsmen: 6; Bowlers: 11; All-rounders: 3; Wicketkeeper: 1
1. Virat Kohli (India, captain, batsman) Retained
2. Chris Gayle (West Indies, batsman) Retained
3. AB de Villiers (South Africa, batsman) Retained
4. Yuvraj Singh (India, all-rounder) Rs 14 crores
5. Mitchell Starc (Australia, left-arm paceman) Rs 5 cr
6. Albie Morkel (South Africa, all-rounder) Rs 2.4 cr
7. Varun Aaron (India, fast bowler) Rs 2 cr
8. Ashok Dinda (India, fast bowler) Rs 1.5 cr
9. Parthiv Patel (India, wicketkeeper/batsman) Rs 1.4 cr
10. Muttaiah Muralitharan (Sri Lanka, spinner) Rs 1 cr
11. Ravi Rampaul (West Indies, fast bowler) Rs 90 lakhs
12. Nic Maddinson (Australia, batsman) Rs 50 lakhs
13. Harshal Patel (India, fast bowler) Rs 40 lakhs - Right to match
14. Vijay Zol (India, batsman) Rs 30 lakhs
15. Abu Nechim Ahmed (India, fast bowler) Rs 30 lakhs
16. Shadab Jakati (India, left-arm spinner) Rs 20 lakhs
17. Sachin Rana (India, fast bowler) Rs 20 lakhs
18. Sandeep Warrier (India, fast bowler) Rs 10 lakhs
19. Yuzvendra Chahal (India, legspinner) Rs 10 lakhs
20. Tanmay Mishra (Kenya, batsman) Rs 10 lakhs
21. Yogesh Takawale (India, wicketkeeper/batsman) Rs 10 lakhs


text:
This Privacy Policy ("Privacy Policy") explains to you how Singsys Pte. Ltd. (UEN No. 200901690H), a company duly incorporated in Singapore and having its registered address at 1 North Bridge Road #17-10, High Street Centre, Singapore (179094) ("we", "us" or "Singsys") manages your personal data. Please read through this Privacy Policy carefully so that you know and understand the purposes for which we collect, use and disclose your personal data.
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text:
WHEN WHO HOW STATE OF THE CULTURE 47% of Americans
claim to go to church
on a regular basis when you actually look at church attendance across America the real number is more like 15% EVANGELISM STRATEGY 2,439,650 PEOPLE IN DENVER DO NOT ATTEND CHURCH! Baby Boomers
74 million Americans
50% of them attend church (37 million)
83 million Americans
7.5% of them attend church (6 million) Although this group of people is largely un-reached they are more likely to do the following only about 8% of people in Denver actually attend a church on any given Sunday (this is according to 9 news) INVEST & INVITE WHAT GRACE GROWTH GROUPS GIFTS GIVING ALL Christians have the responsibility to carry out the Great Commission in their spheres of influence! This strategy is RELATIONAL EVANGELISM.
Rather than only doing events, services, knocking on doors or passing out tracts, we will encourage our members to INVEST in the people around them and INVITE them to church. VISION STATEMENT
"We believe a great commitment to The Great Commandment and The Great Commission will build a great church."
"To connect people to God and to each other, teaching, discipling and equipping them to serve." EVERY PERSON
IS IMPORTANT TO GOD! HAS A GIFT HAS A CALL HAS A MISSION FIELD Acts 1:8(NIV)
8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." We are living in an increasingly
post-Christian country! •Join Small Groups •Attend contemporary style
worship / video services •Roam between churches •Bring their peers to church •Volunteer more of
their time to service
projects than their
boomer counter parts START WITH THE
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Trial record 18 of 549 for: contraception AND (woman OR women OR female) NOT (male OR men)
Descriptive, Prospective, Non-interventional Study (NIS) to Describe Mirena and Amenorrhea Related Acceptability in Contraception Indication in Medical Practice (MARILIA)
This study has been completed.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: March 13, 2013
Last updated: September 10, 2015
Last verified: September 2015
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
MARILIA is a prospective, non-interventional, multicenter study. The purpose of this study is to describe the acceptability of Amenorrhea in contraception indication of Mirena users during one year follow up in medical practice. 500 patients in 20 centers will be enrolled in the study. Bleeding profile, removal or non-removal of the IUS (IntraUterine System) will be evaluated.
|Female Contraception
|Drug: Levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena, BAY86-5028)
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|Mirena and Amenorrhea Related acceptabILity in Contraception indIcAtion
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Birth Control
Drug Information available for: LevonorgestrelU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Bayer:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Proportion of Mirena users who have at least one period of Amenorrhea of at least three months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Cumulative incidence rate of Amenorrhea over the duration of follow up period in Mirena users [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Proportion of Mirena users who have menstrual disorders [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Proportion of Mirena users with menorrhagia [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Cumulative rate of satisfaction in Mirena users [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
|Study Start Date:
|February 2013
|Study Completion Date:
|May 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Group 1
Drug: Levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena, BAY86-5028)
Women who have been prescribed Mirena in contraception; followed up for 12 months
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 40 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
Women who have been prescribed Mirena for contraception.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 19-40 years at the time of Mirena IUD insertion
- Using Mirena only for contraception indication
- Never having used the product before
- No heavy menstrual bleeding diagnosed
- Have signed informed consent to participate in this study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Nulliparous
- Pregnancy
- Mirena's contre-indication
- Mirena for HMB
- Abnormal bleeding pattern
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01833793
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01833793
|Many Locations, Algeria
Sponsors and Collaborators
|Study Director:
|Bayer Study Director
More Information
Additional Information:
Keywords provided by Bayer:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 23, 2017
Additional Information:
Click here and search for information on any recalls, market or product safety alerts by the FDA which might have occurred with this product.
|Responsible Party:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01833793 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
MA1211DZ ( Other Identifier: Company internal )
|Study First Received:
|March 13, 2013
|Last Updated:
|September 10, 2015
Keywords provided by Bayer:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Menstruation Disturbances
Pathologic Processes
Contraceptive Agents, Female
Contraceptive Agents
Reproductive Control Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
Contraceptives, Oral
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 23, 2017


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The Armenian Catholic Patriarchate is participating in the Christian Media Exhibition, organized by the Internation Catholic Press Union of Lebanon (UCIPLIBAN), and under the patronage of
Maronite Patriarch His Beatutude Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir. The exhibition is titled as " Media and Religious Dialogue" and was inaugurated on the 27th of November 2008 at 6:00 pm in Mar Elias church in Antelias. The exhibition will conclude on the 7th of December 2008 and is open to visitors from 10:00 am till 9:00 pm.


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the way of writing the sound /iːuː/ that people make when they think that something is disgusting or unpleasant Eww! There's a fly in my lemonade! More Like This Exclamations aargh, ah, aha, ahchoo, ahem, aw, bah, boo, coo, d'oh, eek, eh, er, eww, gee, ha, hey, ho ho, ho-hum, hooray, huh, mm, oh, oho, oi, ooh, oops, ouch, ow, oy, pah, phew, psst, sh, tsk tsk, tut, ugh, uh, uh-uh, uh-oh, um, whoopee, whoops, woo hoo, wow, yay, yippee, yuck, yumSee worksheet.(also ew) exclamationjump to other results
BrE BrE//ˈiːuː//; NAmE NAmE//ˈiːuː//
Check pronunciation: eww


text:
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13 terms
Chapter 2 - Economic Resources and Systems
Glencoe - Intro to Business - Chapter 2 - Economic Resources and Systems
The shortage of economic resources
factors of production
The economic resources used to produce goods and services
natural resources
Raw materials found in nature used to produce goods
human resources
The knowledge, efforts, and skills people bring to their work, also called labor
capital resources
Things such as buildings, materials, and equipment used to produce goods and services
entrepreneurial resources
The initiative to improve goods and services or create new ones
The study of how society chooses to use resources to produce and distribute goods and services for people's consumption
market economy
A system in which economic decisions are made in the marketplace according to the laws of supply and demand
The amount of goods and services that consumers are willing to buy at various prices
The amount of goods and services that producers will provide at various prices
equilibrium price
The price at which the amount of goods producers supplyh meets the amount of goods consumers demand
command economy
A system in which a central authority such as the state makes the key economic decisions
mixed economy
A combination of a command and a market economy
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text:
Rick Perry's presidential campaign moves today from theory to fact.
So does Perry's impact on the GOP race.
The Texas governor, who formally declares his intentions during a 1 p.m. speech in Charleston, S.C., is an instant contender because of his record, his appeal to conservatives, and his ability to raise money, in the view of some Republicans.
"He is a powerful politician on the stump, and he's fearless," said GOP strategist Rich Galen.
Other Republicans are taking a wait-and-see approach.
Whit Ayres, a pollster for Republican candidate Jon Huntsman, said Perry will "certainly make a big splash" when he announces today.
"Whether he sinks or swims will be determined," he added.
In a conference call Saturday with South Carolina voters, Perry said: "I full well believe I'm going to win."
During the call with supporters, Perry criticized Obama on foreign policy and said he would do a better creating jobs, the Associated Press reported. Perry said he would go to Washington to do his duty and not make friends.
It looks like Perry is already taking a swipe at Republican rivals. The Texan's entry comes the same day his GOP opponents are in Iowa, seeking votes in a straw poll.
South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley, a Republican whose endorsement will be important in the Palmetto State primary, welcomed Perry's announcement in her state. "It lets us know it's 'game-on' time for all the candidates," she said.
Perry is appearing before RedState Gathering, a conservative group that will no doubt be receptive to his anti-Washington message.Various anti-tax and religious groups set up booths in the crowded halls of the genteel, eight-decade old Francis Marion Hotel in downtown Charleston.
Haley, who used Tea Party energy to ride from the state Legislature to the governor's mansion, told the crowd in smallish, rectangular ballroom, "you've got a superstar coming in here today."
Later, speaking with reporters, Haley clarified: "I think we have a lot of superstars in the field."
In addition to South Carolina, Perry makes appearances this weekend in New Hampshire and Iowa, which hold the first two contests in the Republican race.
Galen predicted that Perry -- who has never lost a political race in a Texas career spanning a quarter-century -- could well emerge as the prime challenger to perceived Republican frontrunner Mitt Romney.
Among the reasons: Perry can talking about Texas being a national leader in job creation. He is already known among many conservatives, thanks to his criticism of the Obama administration. The Texas governor is the only southern office-holder in the race, and the South has become reliably Republican in recent decades.
Perry also figures to be able to raise a lot of money, thanks to his roots in Texas.
The Lone Star state could also be something of a problem for Perry. Some voters might compare Perry to his predecessor as governor, George W. Bush, who left the White House an unpopular figure, even among Republicans who criticized his spending record.
(It may be worth nothing that Perry and Bush partisans have clashed in Texas over the years).
Religion could be an issue in some states. A week ago, Perry hosted a prayer service at Houston's pro football stadium, and he is an outspoken Christian.
That won't be much of a problem in Iowa or South Carolina -- states with early contests -- but Galen said, "I'm not sure how well it plays in New Hampshire or Florida."
Then there's lack of experience at the national level, including what Galen called "the full glare of the national press."
How well will Perry perform on the presidential stage? It's much different than running for governor or senator.
Ayers said that one of his former clients, 1996 Republican candidate Lamar Alexander, said that going from state to presidential politics is like going from 8th grade basketball to the NBA Finals.
Perry "has never played at this level before," Ayers said. "It is a huge jump and a completely different level of scrutiny and pressure."
We start learning today how well Perry plays.
Catalina Camia leads the OnPolitics online community and has been at USA TODAY since 2005. She has been a reporter or editor covering politics and Congress for two decades, including stints at The Dallas Morning News and Congressional Quarterly. Follow her at @USATOnPolitics.
USA TODAY's Jackie Kucinich (@jfkucinich) and Fredreka Schouten (@fschouten) also contribute to the OnPolitics blog.


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Curt Kirkwood
One Eyed Jacks
January 30, 2006
"Clap, you bastards." This is roughly what Luke Allen told a group of too-cool-for-school youngsters at Curt Kirkwood's solo acoustic show at One Eyed Jacks Monday night. Tuesday night I caught up with Allen, who was bartending at The Circle Bar while The Zydepunks played. He said it took balls for Kirkwood to get up there by himself. He said he knew what it felt like to play in that room when it was less than half-full.
I'm gonna divert attention to The Zydepunks, for a second, 'cause I wanna say a few things about their performance last night. At 1 a.m., the living room was full of grey and black-striped Bywater kids(circus punks). They showed no sign of slowing down or realizing it was getting later. They were dancing up a storm to The Zydepunks mix of zydeco, punk, Irish, two-step, and polka. The drummer was on fire. His machine gun attack during the more vicious jigs was visceral and a sure call-to-arms. It was just as nice, though, when the band slowed down for more lesiurely, romantic numbers. Allen made the observation that the bar was mixed with punks, yuppies, and rednecks. I was actually sitting right next to the rednecks when they started talking some nonsense about how the southern states are better than the nothern ones. Some micro-jingoistic blah-blah-blah. One of the punk girls started talking to the rednecks, and it felt like I was about to have to witness the wolves eating the sheep. Luckily, Allen picked up on this, as well, and said something to the girl. As far as the differences between the punks and the rednecks go, it's better to be smelly than be a shithead.
Back to Kirkwood's show. It was a revelation. I wasn't expecting much of anything, mostly because I'm not familiar with the Meat Puppets material. I just know what every other kid that grew up on alternative rock knows--they wrote "Backwater," "Oh, Me," "Plateau," and "Lake of Fire." Kirkwood, the lead guitarist for the Meat Puppets, the highly influential country-punk band, played prideful and enjoyable versions of these songs, along with other Puppets tunes. The Puppets tunes were the ones with the zany, nihilistic, psychedelic, and earthy lyrics. As Allen pointed out, Kirkwood came up with all these great non-sequitors. Like a Dail painting explained to children.
Kirkwood played for ninety minutes with barely anyone within twenty feet of him. Most everyone hung back and sat down since most of Kirkwood's material was folky. Some of the songs incorporated a twang and a punk pace, but the most out-of place yet enjoyable tunes were the country and bluegrass-tinged songs. Close to the end of the set, Kirkwood was more fired up, and it seemed like he was trying to see just how fast he could play. I'm sure what I'm about to desribe has happened a million times before, but I can't resist the opportunity to tie Kirkwood to Nirvana. On Nirvana's "D7," the band plays the first half at medium pace, only to speed up to a punk tempo for the repeated second half. Kirkwood did this Monday night, as well.
The more reserved, slower-paced, sentimental material came from Kirkwood's new debut solo album, "Snow." The most memorable ones were "Lightbulb," "Circles," and "Beautiful Weapon." On "Circles," Kirkwood's coincidental? circular picking was hypnotic. Like when you get spun around too many times and come out of it laughing, refreshed, and dizzy. "Beautiful Weapon" was the most vulnerable song. It had the kind of earnest lyrics that make you wonder, "Is this sweet or just cheesy?"
The odds were stacked up against Kirkwood from the beginning of the show, because it's normal to wonder if a solo acoustic performer should be playing the open mic across the street instead of getting paid. Kirkwood barreled through the songs, not giving anyone enough time to question what he was doing. He didn't say more than "hello," but he didn't have to. His songs, playing, and lyrics provided me with such a filling, complete experience(performance), I didn't need another word. Kirkwood gambled by performing alone, but in the end, he won the prize because the songs were so pure that way. Pure and clean is nice every now and then.


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text: Due di due Painting, Landscape, Mixed technique, 80x100cm Canvas Mixed technique Certain images you come inside ... Added 5 years ago 3 I Like I don't like 2 Comments 12 Visits Share Facebook Twitter Google + Has been liked by 3 Nicci Artist, Designer, Painter - Vienna, Austria PHI - Andrea Bevilacqua Architect, Photographer - Roma, Italy Souad Nasr Makhoul Artist - Haifa, Israel Comments 2 5 years ago Concetta Resta Artist Thank you!! 5 years ago Souad Nasr Makhoul Artist Fantastic!beautiful lines and colors! Say something You must login or Sign Up to write a comment Join


text:
|3,000 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 5 nights
This magnificent property on a hillside faces the slopes of famous Mont-Tremblant. It is located within a private complex of luxury houses, 300 yards from the lake and its marina and at walking distance from the Resort.
The carefully decorated seven bedrooms and four bathrooms are perfect to accommodate a large family ready to enjoy a great winter or summer vacation. We have 6 double bedrooms, one single bedroom, plus a den with sofa as part of the Master suite.To sleep seven couples, there is a futon for two in the lower entertainment room.
Cathedral ceiling, fireplace, large balcony, garage and spa complete the numerous amenities of this truly unique hideaway for golfers, skiers or mere relaxation lovers.
Keywords: Chalet, Villa, House, Cottage
I am Fay from Brazil, and with my husband Emmanuel, born in Paris and a former architect and interior designer, we are now happily retired Canadians. We travel quite a bit or stay in the house and loft next to the rental property
Fay or Emmanuel Georges purchased this chalet in 1998
We moved to Tremblant in 1998 to enjoy the unique beauty and the many pleasures offered by this extraordinary year round vacation center. The pristine nature, the friendly wildlife, the ever changing scenery, all next to a world class ski and golf destination make living in Tremblant a permanent enjoyment.
Minutes from the the heart of the resort, the property is a heaven of tranquility you will share with deers and a multitude of birds. The very particular layout of the construction with its totally separate suites and bathrooms provides perfect privacy for each of the guests sharing their vacation.
Nous avons été accueillis chaleureusement par Emmanuel qui nous a présenté son hâvre de paix absolument impeccable et qui est à la hauteur et même plus de la description qui en est faite sur le site.
Nous avons passé un merveilleux séjour de 2 semaines dans une maison où nous nous sommes senti chez-nous dès l'arrivée.
Les propriétaires Fay et Emmanuel sont absolument charmants et réactifs à toute demande.
Les 6 enfants de 3 à 8 ans se sont énormément amusés, ainsi que les 8 adultes d'ailleurs, à observer chevreuils et dindons sauvages chaque jour.
Le terrain est un véritable terrain de jeu pour glisser.
Le spa est agréable à utiliser car très près de la maison.
Les pièces de vie offrent une magnifique vue sur les pistes de ski et la maison est très éclairée et très bien équipée.
Les chambres réparties sur 3 niveaux permettent beaucoup d'intimité.
Nous remercions nos hôtes de tout coeur pour nous avoir permis de vivre de si beaux moments.
We were all very happy when we arrived at this beautiful location. There is easy access to all sorts of activities and nature is literally at your front door with several visits from the local wildlife. Our hosts were wonderful, kind and very helpful. The home has lots of space, very clean and loaded with personality. I would love to go back for another visit.
Sister and her friend ran ironman this year. Great location as we were 15-20 minute walk to start/finish line, 10-15 minute walk to bike loop, and 2 minute walk to run course. We were able to see/cheer my sister in all 3 stages of the race. House was clean, spacious, comfortable, with great views of Tremblant. We were party of 11 with 5 kids, and had plenty of space. Finally, owners were fantastic and very accommodating. I forgot to pack a closet full of stuff when we checked out. Fay and Emmanuel packed everything in a box and sent it to us in the mail! Great vacation was had by all.
Fantastic chalet. Clean, bright, space for all, fantastic view, close to everything. Accomodating hosts, helpful and everything as expected! We enjoyed the dear regularly walking past the hot tub. Just a great comfortable week! Thanks, we will be back.
J and N
Three families with 10 kids (from 4 to 12) for a week ! This house was perfect, super clean, super well equipped, and really close to the ski area.
We were able to have most of the kids in a separated floor, which was very convenient for the parents.
Our hosts, Fay and Emmanuel, are really super nice and helpful for everything we were needing.
We will obviously consider to come back next year !
10 of us (7 racing) stayed at this lovely home for IMMT 2015.
It was the perfect location, only 1/4 mi off of the run course for pre-race training and easy access to all.
Very easy to walk to practice swims as well. The house is well-stocked and we cooked every evening. All the beds were extremely comfortable and the home owners are beyond acommodating! We would not hesitate to stay here again and recommend it to anyone looking for lodging for upcoming races. 5 min out of town, yet far enough away from the hustle-and-bustle for a proper mental preparation and good night's sleep.
Ice Skating, Kite Surfing and Skiing, Dog Sledding. Except for sea water swimming, Mont-Tremblant four season area offers any imaginable sports and outdoor activity .
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Jun 1 2017 - Sep 18 2017
5 night minimum stay
Fall - Colors
Sep 28 2017 - Oct 23 2017
3 night minimum stay
Year End Holidays
Dec 18 2017 - Jan 7 2018
5 night minimum stay
Ski Season
Jan 8 2018 - Apr 15 2018
3 night minimum stay
|One Time Cleaning Fee
You may rent the property for the whole Winter season (Dec 15th to Apr 15th) for 6,500 per month.
Ask us for any long term stay.
50% at booking - Balance on arrival


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AA Driving School voucher terms and conditions
How to redeem a voucher
Vouchers are redeemable upon presentation to an authorised AA Driving School instructor, or through the AA Driving School online booking system.
Terms and conditions
- Vouchers cannot be exchanged in part nor in full for cash.
- Vouchers are valid for one year from the date of purchase and lapse if not redeemed during the period of validity.
- A damaged, copied or defaced Voucher will not be accepted.
- If a voucher lapses or is lost, stolen or otherwise destroyed, then it cannot be reissued or redeemed.
- Any unauthorised alteration or change to a voucher renders it invalid.
- If you fail to arrive, or are more than ten (10) minutes late for your agreed booking, you will forfeit the appointment and the voucher will be void. You will be required to re-book and pay for another booking.


text:
Join The BHS
Welfare and Care
BHS approved livery yard and riding stables. We offer tuition in flat, jumping and stable management for both adults and children. We are a Pony Club centre and do RDA. Friendly, approachable stables, with vast hacking and a variety of activities run throughout the year.
Riding and Jumping
Tel: 01420 588439


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"Biomedicine has enormous promise for human betterment thanks to advances in molecular biology and genomics," write genomics pioneer Eric Lander and philanthropist Louis Gerstner Jr. in The Wall Street Journal. "Whether we will fulfill these promises in time to benefit our children will depend on having both a flourishing NIH with increasing budgets and an unprecedented burst of passionate – and, yes, opinionated – philanthropy."
By way of illustration, they note how funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) made the Human Genome Project possible, but private funding is necessary to translate this treasure-trove of information into understanding of brain disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and autism.
Read their full op-ed, "Private Money Pays Off for Medicine" (subscription access). Also see "Autism Speaks Harnesses and the Google Cloud for Genomic Breakthroughs" for the latest on Autism Speaks Ten Thousand Genomes project (AUT10K).


text:
Relationship Details
Celebrity Biographies
France Gall dated Julien Clerc in the past, but they broke up in 1974. France Gall dated Julien Clerc for 4 years. France Gall is currently available.
Music - Singer
Why Famous: had a successful singing career with, French singer-songwriter Michel Berger
Age: 69 (b. 10/9/1947)
Music - Singer
Why Famous: is a French singer
Age: 69 (b. 10/4/1947)
Check out our New "Top 10 Newest Celebrity Moms"
Relationship Timeline
|Start Date
|4 years
|Broke Up
|4 years
Children of this Relationship
No known children for this relationship. Add a child for this couple.
No known Affairs for this Relationship. Add an Affair
Check out our New "Top 10 Worst Celebrity Cheaters"
Relationship Information, Quotes, and Trivia
Where and/or how did France Gall and Julien Clerc meet?
Why did France Gall and Julien Clerc break up?
Other Relationship Information about France Gall and Julien Clerc:
Add other Relationship Information
Classic Quotes by France Gall and Julien Clerc about their relationship:
Go To France Gall's Profile Go To Julien Clerc's Profile


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In last week's article, 'New bank investors snub Sir Peter Burt' (10 January 2010) we incorrectly stated that Sir Peter had 'been forced to sever his ties with the new banking venture being launched by Sandy Chen'. In fact, Sir Peter decided several months ago not to participate in the venture despite being twice invited to do so. We apologise to Sir Peter for this error and, at his request, have made a donation to the Haiti disater appeal.
- More about:
- Banking
- Haiti
- Hispaniola
- Investment


text:
Dog Walkers in Job, KY
Book a dog walker to give your dog a 30-minute walk around your neighborhood.
Experience exceptional service and a personalized match
From start to finish, we'll handle all the details for you.Learn About Premier
Rover also offers dog walking in:
|Beauty, KY
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We've been there: rushing home during every lunch break to take the dog for a quick walk around the block. Good news: You can easily find and book Job dog walking services on Rover. Whether you need a one-time dog walker or someone to take your dog for a stroll every day, we've got you covered. Exercise for your dog and peace of mind for you are just a few clicks away. Every walk is covered by premium pet insurance, at no extra cost to you. You can even ask your dog walker to send you a photo update. Whether you already have a favorite pet sitter on Rover or you're new to the site, we'd love to connect you with a dog walker in Job the next time you're unavailable. We're confident you and your dog will love it.
Wondering what you should be paying for a walk? Check out our standard dog walking rates for a comparison.


text: Anyone who has owned a BlackBerry will know multimedia has never been a big selling point. Functional, rather than spectacular. RIM hopes to change that with the BlackBerry 6 operating system.Ahead of launch, the company has been showing off a few new tricks, everything from music to video uploads. Music is a good place to start, with album art added in for music, as well as the ability to 'swipe' through your audio library to search for tunes.Photos will also get an overhaul, rather than just a mass of shots, you can group by event or date, with the option of a slideshow, 'pinch to zoom', on-board editing and easy sharing. Talking of sharing, that's a selling point for video too, with a new YouTube video uploader. Or if you just want to watch your clips, you can do that in original size or full screen or you can use the new universal search feature in BlackBerry 6, allowing you to search internet video sites such as YouTube.RIM has also added a podcasts app, allowing you to download new podcasts on the go (no PC required), but does say it will be 'preloaded with BlackBerry 6 in North America'. The UK? We'll just have to wait and see. Finally, RIM is planning to make it easy to find multimedia apps - just select 'Explore Music Apps', 'Explore Video Apps' or 'Explore Picture Apps' from the main menu screen within the media player, and you will get a direct link to quickly discover popular media apps from each of those categories from the BlackBerry App World storefront.It all sounds interesting, but once more, RIM leaves a big question unanswered. Just when exactly is it being launched? Looks like we'll have to wait even longer for that - a few more 'insights' look likely before we get anywhere near.


text: Posted November 27, 2007 The ice making weather looks to be very good this week. I just might have to hit up owasso on sunday. I think this could be my favorite metro winter lake. It's only 5 minutes from my house in the hustle and bustle of st. paul and you can get a mixed bag of crappies, perch, walleyes, and maybe even a pike. All I'm asking for is 5 inches of ice...definitely keeping my fingers crossed! Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Universal rom manager. List, audit and repair all your roms.
Use this security logo:
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee.
Tutorial not found. Let know us about any useful video tutorial.
datafiles, cps2, emulation, mame, n64, emulators, games, cps1, snes, arcade, genesis, gameboy
- Fix memory error while renaming big 7zip roms
- Add sha-1 processor to handle duplicated crc
- Add sha-1 plugin
- Improve 7zip and zip renaming engine
- Update cps1, cps2, cps3 and neogeo dat
- New dat: sega model 1, model 2, model 3, system 16, system 32, naomi, stv, taito f2, f3, zn
Romcenter is freeware and can be freely distributed over the internet


text: BBC1 will broadcast a tribute to the late comedy producer, writer and performer Geoffrey Perkins on Friday night after the launch of one of his final series, Harry and Paul. The corporation is putting together a montage of clips of Perkins' on-screen comedy appearances, which have included playing the head of Interpol in Operation Good Guys and various cameos in KYTV. Not one to hide away behind a desk - he started out as an actor and won best newcomer at the Edinburgh Fringe, although he became better known as a producer and writer. Perkins was never far away from the camera in the shows he made and was last seen on screen in 2005 in The Catherine Tate Show.


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India's first Defence Industrial Park in Ottappalam (Kerala)
India's first defence industrial park will be set up at Ottappalam in Palakkad district of Kerala.
The proposed park, which will be established as part of the Make in India, Make in Kerala project, will have modern common infrastructure facilities aimed at attracting component manufacturers in the defence industry. The Union government has agreed to bring it under the Modified Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme (MIIUS).
It is estimated that the defence components manufacturing sector has demand estimated at $700 million a year from India and other countries having friendly relationship with it. In India, there is a 15 per cent gap between demand and supply. The defence park can bridge the gap apart from providing the country an opportunity in defence-related export of products from small- and medium-sized enterprises. Defence-related production in the private sector still remains a novel idea in the country. We hope the park can attract a number of investors, being an early bird in the sector.
Ottappalam was selected for the defence park keeping in view its strategic location as far as connectivity was concerned. Apart from common facilities such as dedicated power and water supply, the park will have a research and development centre.


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This bracelet was made popular in the 70's is brought back to life here! Made with chain, lobster clasp and small chunky turquoise beads. Bracelet is lightweight.
Bracelet is total of 6.5 inches long for 7.5 inch wrist and can be adjusted in length with notes to seller at checkout. This is a one of a kind. Please leave a note with desired length or this will ship as is.
As with all of my jewelry this is lead and nickel free. All of my jewelry is made by me and handmade and with care and love. I want each purchase to be a pleasant experience and for you to be a happy customer. Lets visit some more on Facebook, Id love to be your friend! https://www.facebook.com/pages/McKee-Jewelry-Designs/247578775324008


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Grate side burner 650 grill
Side burner grid cast iron (each) was sp165-3. this part is no longer available and we have none in stock. there are no substitutions or sources available.
Fiesta: FG50069 FG50069-U401 FG50069-U409 FG50069-U411 FG50069-U420 FGF50069 FGQ65079-U403 FGQ65079-U411
This part may fit other models. Please contact us if you require additional assistance.


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At first I bought -iStrings- in cydia, I test it and it works not fine. Always I get an error when I was changing a textfild.
In the statusbar is a leftover of this: 85% STATUS_BAR_NOT_CHARGING. Now I want to remove the Text and I bought an other App in cydia -MyStrings- but it also didn't work.
My question now: How can I remove the text between % and the battery symbol ? - Thanks.