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1 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States: Current Challenges in California Abstract - General Fund revenue growth in California has been quite strong in recent years, led by major increases in personal income taxes (PITS). This paper reviews the performance of the state s major taxes in the recent expansion, then turns to the main issue facing revenue estimators in California today namely, the impact of shifting income distributions on PIT liabilities in the state. It then briefly discusses issues relating to forecasting California s other major revenue sources. INTRODUCTION After a severe slowdown in the early 1990s, General Fund revenues in California have rebounded in the second half of the decade. The recent growth has significantly outpaced projections and has contributed to a substantial improvement in California s fiscal picture. The increases have enabled the Governor and the Legislature to enact both tax relief and spending increases in education and other state programs. This paper looks at the performance of California s major revenue sources in the 1990s and discusses key challenges facing the state s revenue estimators today. After providing background information on California s tax structure and the approaches used by state revenue estimators to forecast revenues, it turns to the single largest issue facing revenue estimators in California today namely, the impact of shifting income distributions on personal income tax (PIT) liabilities in the state. It then briefly discusses issues in California relating to the state s other major tax sources. BACKGROUND Brad Williams, Robert Ingenito, & Jon David Vasché Legislative Analyst s Office, Sacramento, CA National Tax Journal Vol. LII, No. 3 California s Tax Structure California state government collects revenues from over 100 different sources, including taxes, licenses, fees, and interest on investments. However, the great majority of the state s General Fund revenues come from three major taxes the personal income, sales and use, and bank and corporation taxes. As indicated in Figure 1, these taxes are expected to account for over 94 percent of total revenues in The figure shows that the PIT is by far the state s largest General Fund revenue source. It now accounts for slightly 361
2 NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL Figure 1. General Fund Revenues by Source more than one-half of total revenue collections, up from roughly one-third of total collections two decades ago. In general, the California PIT is patterned after federal income tax law with respect to the definition and treatment of most types of income, deductions, exclusions, and credits. One notable exception is that California did not conform to recent federal law changes providing for reduced tax rates on long-term capital gains realizations. Taxable income is subject to marginal rates ranging from 1 to 9.3 percent. The second largest General Fund revenue source is the sales and use tax. This tax accounts for about one-third of total receipts. It is imposed primarily on the retail sales of tangible goods purchased in California. Combined state and local sales tax rates can range up to 8.75 percent in California, of which 5 percent is attributable to the General Fund. The bank and corporation tax is California s third largest General Fund revenue source, accounting for about ten percent of total receipts. The tax is patterned after federal corporation tax law, although there are differences in areas such as depreciation allowances. A corporate tax rate of 8.84 percent is levied on earnings that are attributable to California. In addition, banks and other financial corporations pay an additional two percent bank tax, which is in lieu of certain other state and local tax levies. All other revenues account for the remaining five percent of General Fund receipts. These include receipts from insurance, cigarette and alcoholic beverage taxes, estate taxes, interest earnings on pooled money investments, and a variety of other sources. Revenue Forecasting Approaches in California In California, both the Governor s Department of Finance (DOF) and the Legislative Analyst s Office (LAO) project state General Fund revenues using a top down approach, where economic variables from national and state 362
3 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States econometric forecasts are used to project various tax bases and ultimately tax receipts from the major revenue sources. 1 In most cases, the tax-related variables are estimated using either structural or reduced-form equations. For example, taxable sales are forecast as part of the LAO s California econometric model using a variety of independent variables such as personal income, unemployment rates, residential and nonresidential building permits, and consumer confidence levels. Likewise California taxable profits are estimated using national profits and various apportionment factors comprised of California and U.S. payroll, property, and sales levels. A key exception to our general practice of using aggregate structural or reduced form equations is the approach we use to forecast collections from the PIT. For this tax, we have developed a microsimulation approach, which attempts to estimate the tax liabilities of individual taxpayers (or groups of taxpayers) with varying income and other tax-related characteristics, such as amounts of deductions. Such an approach is based on a sample of actual taxpayers from a base year (currently, 1997) which is stratified by income classes. For each such income class, the sample includes information on the number of returns, incomes, and deductions by component, credits, and other characteristics. 2 The taxpayers income and deduction components are aged into the future using empirically derived relationships between economic and tax variables. The tax rate schedules are then applied to the resulting distribution of taxable income. After various adjustments for credits and other factors are made, individual tax liabilities are summed to arrive at the state s estimated aggregate tax liabilities. A key element of a microsimulation approach is that revenue estimators can explicitly incorporate assumptions about tax rates, tax credits, deductions, and other law changes into their estimates. Just as importantly, a microsimulation approach enables revenue estimators to make explicit assumptions about how aggregate changes in adjusted gross income (AGI) are distributed among taxpayers with different income levels. This is important, because, as discussed below, changes in California s income distribution have had substantial impacts on state revenues. Recent Performance of General Fund Revenues Total Revenues Figure 2 compares growth in General Fund revenues (adjusted to eliminate the effects of law changes) to growth in statewide personal income during the 1990s. It shows that revenues fell sharply during the recession in the early part of the decade, reflecting major declines in taxable sales, personal income, and corporate profits in the state. More recently, however, the improvement in the economy has translated into large gains in revenues. In fact, revenue growth between and has been significantly greater than statewide personal income growth. 1 For a description of the general methodologies used, as well as the potential sources of forecast error, see: Jon David Vasché and Brad Williams. 2 Three agencies in California use PIT simulation models for estimation purposes. The LAO and the Governor s DOF use PIT models primarily for forecasting purposes. In contrast, the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) uses microsimulation modeling primarily for analyzing the effects of proposed and current-law tax provisions. The data used by all three of these entities are those developed by the FTB from stratified random samples of annual PIT tax returns. The FTB s model uses record-by-record microdata, whereas the DOF and LAO rely on databases reflecting microdata aggregated within income classes (due to data-confidentiality issues). Altogether, 59 income classes within each tax filing status are used for these purposes. 363
4 NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL Figure 2. Underlying General Fund Growth a Individual Taxes The majority of revenue increases during recent years has been attributable to the PIT. As indicated in Figure 3, collections from this source increased at an average annual rate of 15.8 percent between and , or more than double the rate of personal income growth in California for the same period. In contrast, the sales tax increased at about the same pace as personal income, while the bank and corporation tax and other revenues experienced only modest growth during the period. ISSUES RELATED TO THE PERSONAL INCOME TAX Given the significance of the PIT to overall revenues both in terms of its overall size and its volatility we first address major factors that have influenced revenue growth from this source during recent years. We then discuss their implications for the future. 364 Recent Growth in PIT Liabilities Has Been Extraordinary The rapid growth in PIT revenues is consistent with major increases in annual liabilities reported on California income tax returns. Figure 4 provides data from the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) on California income tax liabilities. It shows that these liabilities increased at an average annual rate of 14 percent during 1995 through This was more than double the growth rate of California personal income for the comparable period. Many factors can affect the elasticity of income tax growth over time (that is, the ratio of percent change in PIT liabilities to percent change in income). These factors include changes in deductions, exemptions, and the indexing adjustment factor applied to the tax brackets, standard deductions, and exemption credits to compensate for inflation. However, the single largest factor especially in recent years has been a substantial outward shift in the distribution of income reported on tax returns.
5 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States Figure 3. Annual Average Percent Change in General Fund Revenue Sources a Figure 4. Recent PIT Growth Has Been Spectacular 365
6 NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL Shifts in the income distribution are important because California, like the federal government and a number of other states, has a progressive marginal tax rate structure, where higher levels of income are subject to increasingly higher marginal tax rates. A progressive tax rate structure implies that PIT revenues will depend not only on total statewide income subject to tax, but also on how such income is distributed by income level (or income class). Shifts in California s Income Distribution A number of studies have documented shifts in the distribution of household incomes, both in California and at the national level. Using such sources as the U.S. current population survey, these studies have reported increased concentrations of income in higher-income ranges and reduced concentrations in lower-income ranges. 3 The distributional shifts in household incomes are clearly evident in tax return data for California. In a previous study, we reviewed the distribution of total California AGI as reported on California tax returns over the period 1975 through Over that period, the distribution of AGI reported on tax returns had shifted substantially, with high-income taxpayers accounting for a steadily increasing share of total AGI reported in the state. In this paper, we update the previous study to include information for 1996 and These two years are significant, because they correspond to major increases in California tax liabilities. Figure 5 provides a measure of how much AGI reported on California tax returns has shifted outward during the past 22 years. It specifically shows Lorenz curves for 1975, 1985, 1995, and Figure 6 provides data on the quintile and high-income distribution of total AGI for various years in the same timeframe. The figures show the following. Over the long term, the share of total AGI attributable to the top 20 percent of taxpayers has consistently increased, going from 41.7 percent of the total in 1975 to 53 percent of the total by During this same period, the share of income at the very top end of the distribution that for taxpayers with incomes exceeding 99 percent of the population doubled from 7 to 15 percent. Over the past two years, the outward shift in the distribution not only continued but accelerated, with the share of income attributable to the top 20 percent of returns increasing from 53 percent in 1995 to nearly 56 percent in During this twoyear period, the share of income reported by the top 1 percent of taxpayers increased from 15 to over 18 percent. Causes of Distribution Shifts Recent studies have attributed the longterm shift in California s income distribution to a variety of economic and societal factors, including a change in the state s industry makeup and structure, shifts in the distribution of labor force education and skill levels, as well as changing economic returns to education and skill levels. 5 During the current business cycle, a number of cyclical factors have also contributed to the shifts in the state s distribution. For example, investment and business earnings fell sharply in the early- 1990s recession, but have increased dramatically in the state s more recent eco- 3 For example, see Deborah Reed, Melissa G. Haber, and Laura Mameesh. 4 Brad Williams, Kristin Szakaly, and Jon David Vasché. 5 Deborah Reed. 366
7 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States Figure 5. Lorenz Curves and Gini Coefficient (GC) for Distribution of Total California AGI Figure 6. Quintile and High-Income Shares of Total California AGI a nomic expansion. These categories have distributions that are highly skewed toward high-income taxpayers. Thus, their declines caused the overall distribution to temporarily shift inward in the early 1990s, while their subsequent strong upturn contributed to the outward shift in 367 the overall distribution between 1995 and Of particular significance to recent changes in the overall amount and distribution of AGI in California has been the performance of capital gains. As shown in Figure 7, after lagging in the early 1990s,
8 NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL Figure 7. Strong Capital Gains Growth in Recent Years: California capital gains realizations nearly doubled between 1995 and 1997, due in large part to the major increase in stock market equity values. Changes in the level of capital gains reported on tax returns are particularly significant, because over 90 percent of total realizations typically accrue to taxpayers in the top quintile of income. Revenue Effects of California s Distribution Shift The outward income distribution shift has had major implications for PIT liabilities. This is because, under California s progressive tax rate structure, the average tax rate applicable to taxpayers in the top quintile is roughly double the weightedaverage rate for those in the bottom four quintiles combined. We estimate that over one-third of the increase in tax liabilities that occurred between 1994 and 1997 can be attributed to the outward shift of the income distribution that occurred between those years. 368 Key Forecast Challenges Revenue estimators face challenges in identifying and forecasting both the shortand longer-term factors affecting the amount and distribution of PIT liabilities over time. In the near term, a key challenge relates to predicting future changes in stock market values and how such changes will affect capital gains. In this regard, one important question is how much a major retrenchment in the stock market would affect capital gains realizations. A market decline would undoubtably reduce the net level of gains associated with private accounts and mutual funds that are actively traded. However, the impact on gains realized by investors that have long-term stock holdings is less clear. Its net effect would depend on (1) the decrease in the average amount of capital gains embedded in long-term holdings that resulted from a stock market decline and (2) the potentially offsetting increase in the volume of sales that could be prompted by a shift in perceptions about stock market conditions. The latter factor could occur if, for example, a market decline induced investors to reallocate their investment portfolios away from stocks, thereby causing a
9 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States substantial increase in stock-related sales activity. A closely related question concerns the impact of current and future stock market changes on wages reported on California tax returns. A significant portion of employee compensation in recent years has been in the form of stock options, which themselves are related to stock market performance. This is especially true in such high-wage industries as computers, electronics, and software development, which have accounted for a significant share of overall economic growth in California during recent years. A downturn in the market would be likely to reduce earnings related to stock options, but the exact linkage would depend on the amount and characteristics of options that are currently outstanding. Over the longer term, a key question is whether the forces that have been at work during the past two decades will continue to operate in the future. For example, will the returns to rising education or skill levels continue to increase in the future, producing greater wage differentials between skilled and unskilled workers, or will the differential returns stabilize at some point? In the former case, revenue estimators should assume continued outward shifts in taxpayer distributions, while in the latter case, it would be appropriate to assume a more stable distribution in the future. PERFORMANCE OF OTHER TAXES In marked contrast to the PIT, revenues from California s second and third largest revenue sources have expanded at a relatively moderate pace during the current economic expansion. Bank and Corporation Tax The relatively slow pace of growth in this tax reflects sluggish growth in California taxable profits in 1996 through Part of the profit weakness can be attributed to restructuring in the utilities, telecommunications, and certain manufacturing industries, which has depressed profits in each of the past three years. More recently, Asia s economic problems have also had an adverse impact on California s high technology manufacturing corporations. 6 We would expect corporate profit growth to recover once these factors have had a chance to run their course. Sales Tax Figure 8 provides a historical perspective on California taxable sales, by comparing annual percentage changes in taxable sales to the annual percentage changes in California personal income. It shows that taxable sales were quite volatile during the 1980s and early 1990s, booming during the early stages of the 1980s expansion, but falling sharply during the early 1990s recession period. In the current expansion, however, the growth rate has been relatively subdued. Over the full 16-year period from 1982 through 1998, taxable sales growth has lagged personal income growth in the state. As a result, the ratio of taxable sales to personal income today is about 39 percent, which is down nearly 10 percentage points from the mid-1980s. The declining ratio is consistent with longer-term national trends, in which a decreasing proportion of total consumer spending is being devoted to tangible goods (which are taxable) and a larger share to services (which are not taxable). The relatively slow growth in the current expansion can also be attributed to a sluggish recovery in home building (which has produced smaller gains from building materials and related sales than in past recoveries) and depressed commodity prices. 6 See, for example, Mary Daly. 369
10 NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL Figure 8. Taxable Sales Restrained Due to Structural Change State Forecasting Challenges The corporation and sales taxes pose significant challenges to revenue estimators, in terms of both their near-term and long-term outlook. In the near term, most of the uncertainties relate to the strength of different California economic variables, such as corporate profits, residential construction activity (which results in taxable sales of building materials, appliances, and home furnishings), and business and retail spending by consumers. Over the longer term, a key issue affecting the sales tax involves the extent to which the trend in consumer expenditures toward services and away from tangible commodities continues over time. Also of potentially great significance is the increasing share of transactions being conducted over the Internet, which currently are protected from taxation both nationally and in California by a three-year moratorium. While both the sales and use and bank and corporation taxes present serious revenue estimation challenges, the magnitude of potential forecast errors is considerably less than that for the PIT. 370 CONCLUSIONS California s positive revenue performance in recent years is due primarily to extraordinary increases in PIT receipts. In contrast, the increases in the state s other major tax sources have been relatively subdued. The PIT increases reflect both the growth and the outward shift in the distribution of AGI reported on the returns of PIT payers in the state. Looking ahead, revenue estimators and policymakers face several challenges with respect to both the state s short-term and long-term revenue outlook. In the near term, the increased importance of the PIT and the increased significance of high-income returns implies that revenues are becoming more and more highly dependent on volatile elements in the state s economy, such as the performance of the stock market, bonuses, and stock options. Over the longer term, key revenue estimating challenges relate to predicting ongoing shifts in the distribution of income and future patterns in consumption shifts between goods and services.
11 Forecasting Revenue Receipts in the States REFERENCES Daly, Mary. East Asia s Impact on Regional Growth In California. Economic Letter No San Francisco: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, January 15, Reed, Deborah. California s Rising Income Inequality: Causes and Concerns. Public Policy Institute of California, Reed, Deborah, Melissa G. Haber, and Laura Mameesh. The Distribution of Income in California. Public Policy Institute of California, Vasché, Jon David and Brad Williams. The Significance of Statistical Error Margins in California State Revenue Estimating. Western Tax Association 5 No. 2 (Fall, 1994). Williams, Brad, Kristin Szakaly, and Jon David Vasché. Forecasting State Personal Income Tax Revenues in the Midst of Shifting Income Distributions The Case of California. In Proceedings of the 90th Annual Conference on Taxation, Washington, D.C.: National Tax Association,
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To enrich the social, cultural, and economic growth of our region by bringing people together through affordable access to live performance, cinema, arts education, and community events.
From The Citizen: NYC 'comic to watch in 2016' coming to Auburn Public Theater
From The Citizen: Reaching for recovery: Former NBA player tells story of drug addiction to rapt Auburn audience
From The Citizen: Photographer's Journal: Auburn harpist debunks stereotype that it's an instrument for females only
An accessible and affordable studio space offering ongoing educational programs in dance, theater, rock and voice performance.Learn More
Get help financing a community-oriented project or event through our grants programs, or get a full or partial scholarship for education.
Host an event or exhibit. Conduct a meeting or presentation. Stage a show, screen a film, or throw a party!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sample page
I was diagnosed 18 months ago as suffering from Barrett's oesophagus having visited my GP with problems related to heartburn/acid type stomach symptoms. I underwent a gastroscopy and as a result of that a biopsy was taken and the diagnosis was made. The Losec (omeprazole) I've been prescribed does take away my symptoms. However, having read about cancer of the oesophagus I am extremely concerned where it concludes that the cure/recovery rate for this, with surgery, is merely 20 per cent. How often should I have a check-up? How quickly can this cancer grow? What is involved, and how successful is the surgery?
Thank you for your question and I fully understand your concerns. Barrett's oesophagus is a common condition and is often related to heartburn/acid reflux type symptoms. Acid is normal in the stomach but can be an irritant to the oesophagus (gullet.) When there is long term irritation to the lower oesophagus this can lead to changes in the type of cells that line it which is what is called Barrett's oesophagus (after the doctor who first described it.) In of itself Barrett's is not harmful and does NOT cause symptoms. It is good that it has been found as it can now be monitored regularly. You are correct in saying there is a risk of cancer. However, this is very low- perhaps 1 in 200-300 cases per year. The idea behind regular monitoring is to assess the area of Barrett's every two years and take biopsies to ensure that no cancerous or pre-cancerous changes have developed. Quite often there is a slow (over years) pre-cancerous phase prior to developing cancer of the oesophagus and this can be managed without ever needing surgery. Therefore, I would like to focus on what you can do to avoid cancer developing rather on cancer itself or its treatment since that is an uncommon scenario and unlikely to affect you. Though Barrett's is generally irreversible there are some things you can do to help reduce cancer risk and these include 1. Taking the Losec tablets regularly to neutralise acid in the lower oesophagus 2. Lifestyle changes including weight loss, exercise, stop smoking, avoid excess alcohol (all general health advise that will reduce all cancer risk in general) 3. Tilt the head of the bed upwards to reduce acid exposure at night 4. Avoid large meals and excess caffeine, particularly at night time 5. Attend the regular two-yearly endoscopy check ups to allow for early diagnosis of any problems (the frequency may change in future depending on the results of a very large national trial that has been conducted- called the BOSS trial) 6. Avoid very hot drinks if at all possible 7. Seek medical advice from your doctor if new symptoms develops such as difficulty or pain on swallowing (you may need an urgent endoscopy) or if heartburn symptoms recur despite taking Losec (you may need a higher dose) I hope this has been reassuring. Try not to overly concern yourself with the risk of cancer as this is very low and hopefully with regular endoscopy screening will be caught very early indeed if it were to ever develop. There are a number of fairly simple steps and measures you can take to help reduce the risk further but also improve your general health and well-being. Please let me know if you have any other questions. If you want to read a little bit more I would suggest the following websites http://www.barrettscampaign.org.uk/ http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Barrett's-Oesophagus.htm
I was diagnosed with labyrinthitis by my GP just over two years ago. After having several weeks off work and takingStemetil three times a day, the symptoms returned to a level that I could cope with. However, two years later the symptoms are still present and vary from very slight to quite severe. The only advice I have received from my GP is to take time off work and to keep taking the medication. This is not at all practical and I was wondering whether the symptoms usually last this long? If so, is there anything more constructive I could be doing?
Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear) often occurs after a cold. It can be quite severe for several days, and sometimes even for a week or two. After this time, the brain 'compensates' for any permanent damage that may have occurred to the inner ear. It is unusual for the symptoms of dizziness to persist continuously for longer than this, although one can get periods of 'decompensation' which can occur many months afterwards. I do not recommend taking drugs like Stemetil for long periods of time - i usually tell patients only to take it when they experience an acute episode of dizziness. For dizziness that has lasted continuously for all this time, it would be worth ruling out other causes, such as Meniere's disease. This is particularly the case if you have other symptoms such as a feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing loss, or tinnitus (a noise in the ear). It is also true that, very rarely, tumours affecting the nerve of balance or the brain can also cause persisting dizziness and I would recommend you see an ENT specialist who can organise for you to have a special scan to investigate this.
Over the past few months I have gained over two stone in weight and I am either freezing cold or sweating buckets. I have also starting getting a shooting pain in the calf of my right leg. My libido is non-existent.
First of all we need to look at the reasons why you might have gained this extra weight. Although there is not often one particular cause and for many people, weight gain does occur if they become less active but at the same time continue to eat the same amount of food. However as you have described these extra troubling symptoms we need to make sure that your hormones (these are important chemicals produced by special glands in the body) are working properly. We also need to see what effect gaining the extra two stone has had. I would recommend that you talk to your doctor about having special blood tests to check if your thyroid is working properly. Your doctor can also check the hormones that affect libido at the same time. You will also need to discuss what medicines you are taking as they can sometimes cause loss of libido. Gaining extra weight can also increase change the level of sugar in your body and cause a rise in cholesterol and blood pressure - again these can be easily checked by your doctor. Once these tests have been done then there are likely to be a number of treatments that can help. I hope you feel better soon.


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|Sesame Street
|Gina's sick from her job
|Air date
|March 17, 1992
|Season 23 (1991-1992)
|This episode guide has been compiled from incomplete video material.
|Gina is too sick to come into work at Hooper's Store today, so Mr. Handford has Savion. Gina tries to assure she's fine, but Mr. Handford and Savion assure her they've got the store covered. Big Bird comes in for his usual breakfast, but is upset that Gina isn't making it (she always makes his breakfast). Savion instead prepares him his surprise breakfast. He hands Big Bird the ingredients as he adds them to the bowl. Big Bird doesn't get the surprise; he was told the ingredients ahead of time. The surprise is that Big Bird made it himself! Gina calls in again and is saddened to hear things are going well without her.
|Savion assures Gina again on the phone that everything in the store is fine. She hears the Count enter and tells Savion last time the Count appeared, he had her take everything off the shelves to count. Savion avoids the mess by blowing some bubbles for him to count.
|While Savion serves some Honkers, Prairie Dawn calls Gina to see how she's doing. She tells her she's written a play about today's experiences...and how Savion saved the day.
|Savion, the Count and Prairie all visit Gina's room. The Count has brought the bubbles to cheer her up and Prairie has a book - 1001 Careers. Savion admits how hard running the store is and tells Gina how great she is. He puts on a Fred Astaire tape for them to watch, while the Count counts bubbles.
|In song, a boy wanders into the Animal Lost and Found, looking for his pet named Homer. The shopkeeper says, "Describe Your Pet to Me."
| Pencil box K / k
(First: Episode 2876)
|Herry Monster picks out a get well card for Gina, but doesn't remember how to mail it. Savion prepares the envelope for him and Herry rushes to the mailbox. After his immediate return, he's shocked to find out it'll take a few days before Gina receives it; he wants her to see it now! Herry rushes out of the store again.
|Mr. Handford and Savion witness Herry trying to pull the mailbox from the ground, attempting to bring the whole thing to Gina. They get him to stop and suggest he go visit her instead. Herry runs off and the two return to the store, as Big Bird announces the sponsors.
|Previous episode:
|Next episode:
|Episode 2966
|Episode 2969


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Polyisoprene condoms are the newest safe sex option for individuals with latex allergies. They are stretchier than polyurethane condoms. As such, many people feel that polyisoprene condoms provide a sensation profile that is far more similar to their latex counterparts. There's a good reason for that -- polyisoprene is the synthetic form of latex.

Confused as to why a latex product is being recommended as an option for people with latex allergies? The answer is simple. Most people with latex allergies aren't actually allergic to latex. It's weird but true.

Most Latex Allergies Aren't About Latex

Natural latex is derived from trees and made into gloves, condoms, and other latex products. The latex rubber that makes up these products is therefore, not surprisingly, often contaminated with other proteins from the trees it is harvested from. It turns out that most people with latex allergies are not allergic to the latex itself. Instead, they're allergic to one or more of the plant proteins that contaminate it.

In contrast, polyisoprene is created in a clean laboratory environment. Therefore, it does not suffer from the same contamination problems as natural latex. It has, by and large, the same physical properties as latex. What it doesn't have is the natural byproducts that tend to cause a bit more biological havoc. That's why polyisoprene condoms are so similar to latex condoms. They're fundamentally a cleaner version of the same thing. Polyurethane, on the other hand, is a different type of polymer entirely. That is why those condoms tend to be baggier and less stretchy.

If you have latex allergies and are looking for products that can make your sex life safer, things are looking up. it may be worth some experimentation with one of the polyisoprene condoms on the market. They may be a better option than polyurethane for some people because of their lower price. Many men also prefer the way they fit. It may seem strange that scientists have created a latex-based, latex allergy condom, but it actually makes a lot of sense.

Sources

Alenius H, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Reunala T. "Allergen and protein content of latex gloves." Ann Allergy 1994;73:315-20.

Palosuo T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Alenius H, Reunala T, Yip E, Turjanmaa K. "Measurement of natural rubber latex allergen levels in medical gloves by allergen-specific IgE-ELISA inhibition, RAST inhibition, and skin prick test." Allergy. 1998 Jan;53(1):59-67


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2/34 Dunmore Street Croydon Park 2133 NSW
2 1 1
Quiet 2 Bedroom Ground Floor Unit
This unit feature
* 2 good size bedroom
* Combined living dinning
* As new carpet throughout
* Full bath room with separate bathtub and shower
* Balcony
* Internal Laundry
* Registered car space
* Close to Croydon Park retails strip.
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Looking for a Used Beretta in your area?
CarGurus has 11 nationwide Beretta listings and the tools to find you a great deal.
Average user score
4.3 ⁄ 5 stars
Based on 9 reviews
Really Like My Beretta. Wish I'd Had One When They First Came Out When I Was 17! :) by jamesr1018 — Love my '91 Beretta. I'm the second owner and bought it only a year ago. The first owner took pretty good care of it, but did abuse it a bit. However, the 18 year-old car handles well, has decent t... Read More
Loved Driving Her. by Marj — I loved this car and wish I had kept it. It was always very dependable, and I got excellent gas mileage. Very easy to maneuver in the snow and on ice. Husband added an after market spoiler and gave... Read More
First Car by Emanuel — It was my first car, what can I say. It's the one where I earned my wings. It was black, clean, and solid. I think that car was wit me for almost 4 years, and they were good to me. Read More
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Decision makers
- David Cameron
David Cameron: Give the Hessin family a minimum of 4 years jail sentence!
The Hessin family (3 members) left 8 puppies to starve to death, the puppies having to eat each other in order to survive!
This is disgusting, they ONLY got a 8 week, 12 week and 18 week sentence - all of which have been currently suspended!
What is this world coming too...we need to discipline these people in order to show others like them that animal cruelty is not acceptable!!
4 years - thats six months for each of the eight 6 month old puppies that died in pain!
- David Cameron
Give the Hessin family a minimum of 4 years jail sentence each!
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Short sleeve cotton jersey t-shirt striped in black and navy. Signature Medusa and Greek key pattern in pale purple throughout. Crewneck collar. Tonal stitching
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Made in Italy.
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Bain, Carlyle, THL vie for Carestream Health -sources
By Greg Roumeliotis and Soyoung Kim
NEW YORK, March 27 (Reuters) - Bain Capital LLC, Carlyle Group LP and Thomas H. Lee Partners LP are among the private equity firms competing for Carestream Health Inc, a medical imaging systems provider that its owner Onex Corp hopes to sell for as much as $3.5 billion, according to people familiar with the matter.
Hellman & Friedman LLC and KKR & Co LP are also bidding in the auction of Carestream, the people said this week on condition of anonymity because details of the sale process are confidential.
The process is now past the first round of bids and Carestream's management is having meetings with potential private equity buyers, the people added.
Carestream, Onex and Bain did not respond to requests for comment. Carlyle, Thomas H. Lee, Hellman & Friedman and KKR declined to comment.
Large private equity deals in U.S. healthcare have been few and far between as so-called reimbursement risk - the exposure of companies to government programs or public sector spending - has reduced the appeal of possible targets.
Buyout firms are also vying for Life Technologies Corp , a genetic testing company that has attracted interest from other companies in the healthcare sector, making the process very competitive for private equity.
Canada's Onex, a private equity firm that manages about $15 billion in assets, bought Carestream for $2.35 billion in 2007 at a relatively low valuation multiple of below five times earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), one of the people said.
This has fanned hopes among some private equity firms that they can now buy Carestream from Onex for as low as six times EBITDA, even though Onex is hoping to sell it for as much as eight times, the other people said. Continued...


text:
Some Uber partners have asked us what to do in the event of a serious incident on the Uber system.
If you're involved in an accident:
- Ensure that everyone involved is safe. If there are any serious injuries, call an ambulance on 767.
- Exchange details with any other drivers involved.
- Lodge an Incident Report with police.
- Let us know. If it is a minor incident, email email@example.com. If it is a serious incident, send a message to our Urgent Issue Text Line and we'll get in touch as soon as possible.
You feel unsafe during a trip:
Rest assured that Uber has the details of every rider and driver on file, and the vast majority of situations are effectively dealt with by Uber support.
However, if a serious issue arises on a trip in which you feel unsafe, we suggest you:
- Pull over where safe and let the rider know that you're not able to continue the trip.
- If the rider doesn't leave, or there is aggressive behaviour or threats to your personal safety, you're within your rights.
- Let us know. If it's a minor issue, email email@example.com. If it's a serious issue, send a message to our Urgent Issue Text Line we'll get in touch as soon as possible.


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A Kolkata-based music producer duo, StreetFood is looking forward to beginning their journey on 31st December 2016. StreetFood comprises of two artists from Kolkata, Cizzy and Joe's joint. They met each other in 2014, at a weekly Sunday Cypher conducted by The Cypher Projekt, Kolkata. They started working together and produced many instrumentals and songs together while helping each other in the journey.
In 2016, they collaborated on a project called 'Mora Gaang', which was digitally distributed worldwide to 227 countries by Believe Digital group, UK. After the huge success of that song, they decided to start working together and that's how StreetFood came along.
To watch the promo video of 'Mora Gaang' you may do so via the following links.
One-half of the duo, Cizzy a.k.a Rounok Chakraborty comes from a very musical family background. Having been trained in Hindustani Classical, Rabindrasangeet, Folk, Gonosongeet etc, he has developed a huge interest in different types of music. His productions always offer the flavour of authentic Indian sound.
The other half of the duo, Joe a.k.a Saurya Duttaray, brings a very different flavour in the kitchen. The varieties of his musical taste, makes his productions stand out from any other concurrent composers. He is inclined to world music, varying from old English classics to modern day pop, rock or plain old trap.
Both the producers have only one thing in common. Their love for Hip-hop and music. They did not want to bind their production potential to the usual grammatical definition of art. So when these two very different producers sit down together, they produce something, which is fresher than anything else.
To understand the kind of music they make together, you can listen to their latest releases:
The Christmas Song:
Bhaat kheye ja dufurbela:
They're launching their production house, StreetFood Music, on 31st December 2016. They're arranging a rooftop invite-only event, which is also gonna be broadcasted live-in internet through Facebook live. They're going to describe why their production house is called StreetFood and they're gonna announce some of their plans. Word on the street is, their plans might include a collaboration with red FM, Kolkata and The Cypher Projekt, Kolkata. So if you thought Kolkata haven't created enough buzz even after the Kolkata Cypher, you better get ready now. Cause the StreetFood has so many things up on their sleeves and they're ready to give hints about it on 31st December 2016. So you better not move your eyes from their Facebook page cause the live video might come online at any time between 12 pm to 4 pm.
Facebook page link: https://www.facebook.com/streetfoodmusic
Watch the promotional video of StreetFood, Episode 1- The Recipe:


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Overall great experience
Sail Date: April 25, 2015
Reviewed: 2 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Balcony
The cruise was amazing except for the weather. The dinning was nice but eating at Alizar and the Asian restaurant were a waste. The food was disgusting and not worth it. Good thing they were both complimentary or I would have been very disappointed. I think the time line for Turkey should be longer and less time in Split since there isn't much to do in split. We felt really rushed in Turkey. I got sick with a rash breakout and not sure if it was the food or the chemical used in the sheets. The prices for the photos are ridiculous. I think if the prices were cheaper, more people will purchase the photos. We did because I got engaged during this trip and wanted them for the memories. I will definitely cruise with NCL again. My room was alway clean, thanks to Jorge and the Chef's Dinner was amazing and at a very reasonable price. Oh, internet prices are ridiculous and a rip off!!!!! Overall, good experience and we enjoyed our trip.
Category Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Ship Quality
|Food and Dining
|Overall food was great but Alizar and the Asian restaurant was disgusting. The Cafe was always on point with variety of options to chose from
|Service and Staff
|Staff were always nice and welcoming. Kudos to everyone of them and shot out to my room service Jorge, he was amazing
|I didn't do much with entertainment but we did see one show and it was amazing
|Children's Programs
|Don't have kids
|Onboard Activities
|Spin class should be free. All workouts should be free
|Destinations and Excursions
|More time is needed for Turkey and less time in Split
Port Ratings
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Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Venice, Italy
|Dubrovnik, Croatia
|Cute little town
|Piraeus (Athens), Greece
|So much to do but so little time
|Kusadasi (Ephesus), Turkey
|Which we had more time here
|Split, Croatia
|Not much to do here but it was okay
For people that love quiet and enjoy reading, you can go up to the top deck, there is a room there that also offers drinks that is very quiet.


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History meets modernization in San Miguel Chapultepec, a seemingly sleepy labyrinth of tree-lined streets, snaking highways, stately homes, and decrepit buildings. Its contrasts are exactly what convince artists to move to San Miguel, while its convenient location near Paseo de la Reforma attracts professionals to the area. Add to its peculiar attributes its perfect location on the border of Mexico City's most majestic park and you too might find your feet on the path to San Miguel.See places to stay Save this neighborhood
On the Map
San Miguel Chapultepec is bordered by Juárez, Escandón, Roma Norte, Colonia Cuauhtémoc, and Condesa
An Eccentric Community In the Shade of Chapultepec Park
San Miguel Chapultepec is very convenient to transit, has all the conveniences you would need, is near many spots you might want to visit (Chapultepec Park, La Condesa, Roma, etc) but is very calm."
Dana & Alan
Visited in 2012
The City's Favorite Green Space: Bosque de Chapultepec
San Miguel Chapultepec is the best kept secret in the City of Mexico...if our President lives here, there must be a reason."
Galleries and a Growing Creative Scene
San Miguel Chapultepec is very close to large museums like the National Museum of Anthropology and the Museum of Modern Art...all the goodies without the hassle of busy streets."
Casual Cafes and Coffee Shops
Walking distance to cultural attractions such as El Bosque Chapultepec, Casa del Lago, Museo de Arte Moderno, Museo Nacional de Antropología, Museo Tamayo, and Kurimanzutto Gallery."
The Look of San Miguel Chapultepec's Residential Lifestyle
Airbnb works with local photographers to capture the spirit of neighborhoods all around the world. The photography on this page includes work by:
Alicia Vera
Alicia Vera is a photographer based in Mexico City. She studied at the Academy of Art University in San Francisco and eventually moved to DF to rediscover her families' roots. Her past clients include Condé Nast Traveler, 360 Magazine, Delta Sky Magazine, and The Wall Street Journal. She is an Eddie Adams XXIII alumni.
Beto Adame
Beto Adame is a photographer specializing in travel, architectural, and lifestyle photography. His images have been used to form part of advertising campaigns in numerous internationally-renowned magazines; Columbus NL and Monocle among others. Beto has dedicated himself to his own personal projects, which include constructed pictures and Interior Landscapes. He currently lives in Mexico City.
Popular Places to Stay
Big ROOM King Size Bed @Mexico City By Mario
Bright Sunny Centric n unique in DF By Rodrigo
Big Penthouse, Unmatched View. By León


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Jeff O.
Lesson Details
Jeff teaches
- Teaches students:
- Ages 5+ and special needs
- Teaching since:
- August 2008
Like many of my friends in high school not knowing what direction to take in life, I chose to take a business career path instead of one of a starving artist. I have a Bachelor's Degree from Cal State Fullerton, a Masters from UC Irvine, and have had much success working for several Fortune 500 companies. However, my love of music always surfaces. And now that I have the resources and ability to spend more time having fun and enjoying life, I choose to spend some of this time teaching and helping students find a love for music.
Music has always been an important part of my life. I've had piano lessons since 6 yrs of age and been the lead tenor in many show choir and vocal performing groups. Since 2005, I've been learning the guitar from many local Las Vegas artists ranging from lounge bands at Caesars Palace to orchestra players for the Cirque du Soleil.
*** Lesson Details ***
As a kid, I enjoyed playing piano but I felt that my piano lessons were more of a chore than a hobby, a routine of playing songs I did not particularly like. I make lessons fun by having my students choose the music/genre that they want to play. When they learn songs that they like, students are more engaged and interested. And because they are enjoying themselves, they develop their musical talents more quickly.
My lessons are fun but also challenging. I take you out of your comfort zone by recording lessons from time to time so that you'll know what you sound like. I feel that the best music comes out when you play from the heart. I teach fundamentals and theory, but I encourage creativity. Each artist is unique and my job is to bring out that individual music style and give you a foundation to grow on.
From a business perspective, I'm organized, punctual, friendly, informative and easy to learn from.
Try me!
*** Studio Equipment ***
I have contacts who can provide a full range of recording equipment and provide coaching assistance while recording in the studio. Your end product will be of higher quality for a lower price. We're professionals!
*** Travel Equipment ***
I can provide a guitar but would expect the student to have one or get one. I'll loan you one until you get one and I can provide some tips on where to shop.
*** Specialties ***
I enjoy R&B and jazz but can teach any style
I started out on take lessons as a music instructor, but I also teach a wide variety of academics. I do have an MBA so I can coach you well and help you ace those exams. Like my music lessons, practice makes perfect. So you'll need to study and "earn" those A+ grades.
MBASep 2003 - Jun 2006
Business Administration - General ManagementSep 1991 - Jun 1996
Photos & Videos
3 ReviewsWrite a Review
Great experience
Jeff was very attentive and responded quickly to me. He is an accomplished musician and an effective teacher.
Grandson is learning guitar
Jeff has been very patient with my 8 year old grandson. Jeff is competent and friendly. Thanks Jeff.


text:
TestimonialsWe are very proud of the service we provide for our customers. In fact, we see a client relationship drastically more personal than that of most agencies in our field. Our client relationships do not start at 9AM and end at 6PM—they stay with us to continually receive the quality service they deserve.
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Happiness. Freedom. Enlightenment.
"I've had nothing but success with these guys. Over the years, I've worked with multiple web designers and their team is the best I've found. I have no plans to look elsewhere and hope to continue my relationship with them. As a side note, they are so much more than just a web design company, they actually care about the success of my business and has demonstrated that time and time again. Thanks for all you do!"
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Single Dad Fit Dad


text:
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At the yearly gathering of booklovers held in Chicago's McCormick Place convention center June 22 – 27, Wordsworth the Better World Bookmobile is...
Dick Scorzafava
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"Radical Bowhunter" is a must-read for whitetail hunters who are ready to take their sport to the next level. To be a radical bowhunter requires a serious commitment to mastering the skills and tactics that will enable you to realize your full potential for bagging monster bucks. So forget about luck and throw out all the old-fashioned bowhunting lessons you've been taught; if you want to harvest a big buck, you are going to have to think differently and make use of innovative products and resources. This book shows you how to find trophy hot spots, determine when bucks are most vulnerable, and take advantage of the latest products and equipment to get the job done. Information on scouting with digital cameras tells how to track the location and behavior patterns of whitetails from thousands of miles away. Other sections include tips for hunting multiple spots at once, building a big buck factory, waiting for the optimal time to go for the kill, and stepping up the competition to a one-on-one pursuit of Mr. Big--the buck of your dreams who will test the range of your skills, put all of your knowledge to use, and drive you to ultimate victory.
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text:
Location: Children's Nutrition Research Center2011 Annual Report
1a. Objectives (from AD-416)
Objective: Evaluate leukocyte patterns, gene expression profiles, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue under influence of dietary manipulation that leads to obesity.
1b. Approach (from AD-416)
The research approach to accomplish this objective employs an established animal model of diet-induced obesity, the C57BL/6J mouse strain, fed diets rich in milk fat or corn oil, compared with low-fat control diets matched for all nutrients except the level of milk fat or corn oil. At specified times of feeding, animals will be analyzed for metabolic changes induced by the diets (e.g., insulin sensitivity, RER), systemic inflammatory changes, and local inflammatory changes in intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. The inflammatory changes analyzed include gene (qPCR and/or expression arrays) and protein (ELISA and/or flow cytometry) expression of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, and leukocyte subsets phenotypically characterized (flow cytometry); and mechanistic studies will be carried out using targeted deletions of proteins potentially key to inflammatory cascades (e.g., CD11c knockouts, gamma delta T cell knockouts, TLR4 knockouts, etc., backcrossed to the C67BL/6J strain). The experimental approach analyzing anti-inflammatory factors (e.g, candidate genes such as IL-1ra or expression array analysis) influenced by changes in diet will utilize this animal model with focus on the early times following initiation of the high fat feeding and on times following reversal of the high-fat diet to a low-fat diet, a time we have found involves rapid resolution of inflammation that precede reductions in fat mass.
3. Progress Report
Five-week-old mice were given a high fat or a low fat diet for varying periods of time. Blood, liver, and adipose (fat) tissues (AT) were collected from these animals for gene expression analysis. A protein called CD11c produced by white blood cells significantly increased in mice on the high fat diet that became obese. To see if CD11c was important to the inflammation that occurs in the AT of obese mice, we studied mice with a genetically engineered CD11c deficiency. They became obese, but failed to develop inflammation as seen in normal mice. CD11c deficiency also prevented the abnormal elevations of blood glucose and insulin resistance that occurs in obesity. We showed that the CD11c increases in diet-induced obesity are important for the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity. The earliest evidence of inflammation in AT occurs in mice at 3 days after feeding the high fat diet. We have analyzed the mesenteric AT for proteins that attract white blood cells and for increases in white blood cells in the fat tissue. We found a significant increase in a protein called CCL2, a factor known to attract white blood cells. Since white blood cells can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, we sought to determine their characteristics in the mice on high fat diet. Our results indicate a pro-inflammatory activation involving another important protein called TLR4, a factor that can recognize products released from bacteria as well as saturated fatty acids. In mice that are deficient in TLR4, the increased number and activation of white blood cells still occurs, but the activation is toward anti-inflammatory functions of the cells. To see if saturated fatty acids in the diet could influence the activation, we exposed white blood cells in tissue culture to palmitate, an abundant fatty acid in the milk fat diet fed the mice. Future studies will address if the anti-inflammatory activation seen in the TLR4-deficient mice is linked to an effect of the oleic acid in the diet. To extend our studies of a role for TLR2, another member of the family of cell surface proteins that recognize products released by bacteria as well as saturated fatty acids, we studied the connection between intestinal microorganisms and TLR2. We sought to determine the consequences of TLR2 deficiency, since there is now evidence that the organisms in the gastrointestinal tract can markedly influence inflammation. The mouse colon was analyzed for gene expression, as well as bacterial RNA, to identify the diversity of bacteria in the colonic mucosa. We show that the expression of genes involved in inflammation was modified by the absence of TLR2. Several bacterial species were significantly different in abundance between WT and TLR2-deficient animals. Thus, understanding diet-induced obesity must consider changes in gene expression in the colonic mucosa and the balance of microorganisms within the intestines. The ADODR monitors project activities by visits, review of purchases of equipment, review of ARS-funded foreign travel, and review of ARS funds provided through the SCA.
4. Accomplishments


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News About: Charlie Boy
Charlie Boy Fresh for Magic Millions Sprint
Trainer Ciaron Maher is confident that general freshness is the key to Charlie Boy returning to winning form in Saturday's Magic Millions Sprint (1200m) on the Gold Coast.
Charlie Boy has been a strong and consistent performer throughout …
Music Magnate to miss the Spring Carnival
Doomben 10,000 winner Music Magnate will miss the Spring Carnival after picking up a virus after providing trainer Bjorn Baker with his first Group 1 win.
Music Magnate at $9.50 provided a mini upset in the Group 1 $750,000 James Boag's …
Azkadellia Clear 2016 Stradbroke Handicap Favourite
Azkadellia has been backed into 2016 Stradbroke Handicap odds of $3.40 and the talented mare is set to start the Group 1 event at Eagle Farm on Saturday as a dominant favourite.
Azkadellia opened at a quote of …
Berry chasing first Stradbroke Handicap win on Charlie Boy
Globetrotting jockey Tommy Berry is giving himself a good chance of winning his first Stradbroke Handicap on the Peter and Paul Snowden trained Charlie Boy at Eagle Farm on Saturday.
Berry has just returned from a …
Azkadellia remains the favourite for Stradbroke Handicap after 1st acceptances
Doomben 10,000 runner up Azkadellia remains the favourite for the Group 1 $1.5m AAMI Stradbroke Handicap (1400m) at Eagle Farm on June 11 after first acceptances were taken today.
The Ciaron Maher trained Azkadellia is one of twenty-six …
Stradbroke Handicap Ideal for Music Magnate
Bjorn Baker is pleased with the condition of Music Magnate following his debut win at the highest level in Saturday's Group 1 Doomben 10,000, and is confident the gelding is perfectly set up for further success in the 2016 Stradbroke Handicap (1400m) at Eagle Farm on June 11th.
Music Magnate knocks off the favourites in Doomben 10,000
Sydney trainer Bjorn Baker collected his first Group 1 trophy when Music Magnate knocked off the more fancied runners to took out the $750,000 James Boag's Premium Doomben 10000 (1350m) at Doomben today.
Music Magnate …
1350m to suit Charlie Boy in Doomben 10,000
Trainer Peter Snowden is expecting a vast improvement from Charlie Boy as he steps up to the 1350m of the Group 1 $750,000 James Boag's Premium Doomben 10000 at Doomben today.
Charlie Boy has …
Dothraki is the pick of the Snowden runners in BTC Cup
Five year old Dothraki is the stable pick of their two runners in the Group 1 $500,000 BTC Cup (1200m) at Doomben today.
Team Snowden will also saddle up Charlie Boy in the first Group 1 of the …
Four extra entries boost Victory Stakes nominations
Four extra entries have boosted the nominations for the Group 2 $200,000 Victory Stakes (1200m) at Doomben on Saturday from six to ten.
The Brisbane Racing Club was forced to extend the nomination deadline until Tuesday …
News Topics
- Chris Waller
- Melbourne Cup
- Gai Waterhouse
- Cox Plate
- Caulfield Cup
- Peter Moody
- Golden Slipper
- Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival
- Flemington
- Hugh Bowman
- Stradbroke Handicap
- Doncaster Mile
- Darren Weir
- Damien Oliver
- Black Caviar
- Queen Elizabeth Stakes
- Peter Snowden
- Craig Williams
- Caulfield Guineas
- Caulfield
- James McDonald
- Blue Diamond Stakes
- Newmarket Handicap
- David Hayes


text:
Online First May 27, 2009, from the New England Journal of Medicine
Managing and Reducing Uncertainty in an Emerging Influenza Pandemic
M. Lipsitch and Others
Full Text | PDF
Geographic Dependence, Surveillance, and Origins of the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
V. Trifonov, H. Khiabanian, and R. Rabadan
Full Text | PDF
5 Responses »
Thanks for leaving the A H1N1 articles free full text. Informations are very important when we have a risc of a serius epidemic disease.
Ely Cortes
Doctor infectious diseases in Brazil
Your effort to disseminate information is really generous because it isa very useful tool for practicing physicians of the underdevelopped world too.
It could help the reccomendation to humidfy the infected rooms where warm air leaves humidity in roofs: It would decrease the shrinking and dissication of expelled droplets and avoid inspissation of receptor protective mucus reducing the time of clearance of inhaled particles. (It is simple, cheap and could help)
Dear Sir
I wish to submit a correction to my previous commentary: I meant that humidity should be restored in every closed ambitus where air conditioning or calefaction produces dry air, i.e.: halls, cinemas, schools, homes, vehicles,etc. not only in the obviously "infected" but even in those where shedding of contaminated particles by pauci or asymptomatic carriers could occur.(1,2)
1. Shaman J, Kohn M: (2009) Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3243–3248.
2. Marc Lipsitch, Cécile Viboud: (2009)Influenza seasonality: Lifting the fog Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 106 :10 3645-3646
Thanks for your helps……really you are very useful for us….(Argentina)
I agree with Dr pantin about the usefulness of the NEJM being free for Argentina. we can learn a lot of medicine.We need solid information about H1N1 flu (clinical trials) so that we can offer our patients the best. Thank you!


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Romantic Roulette(1985)
A novel by Jackie Black
Romantic Risk -- a silly TV game show. Marigold Springer balked, but an oldcontract to promote her novels obligated her to appear--and to accept the"date" who chose her. No matter that she lied, claiming she never wentanywhere without her twelve-year-old son, that only a man's bank accountsent her pulse racing. Nothing, it seemed, could dissuade Rick Mansfield,the handsome TV producer, from calling her bluff. A young widow strapped, inspite of her success, by her late husband's gambling debts, Mari consideredone disastrous marriage more than enough Was it possible she could beseduced by the easy charm of a man who swept her of on his luxurious yachtwith her son and his twelve-year-old daughter in tow? Mari despisedgambling, distrusted gamblers, but was she about to become the winner in amost unlikely game of romantic roulette?
Used availability for Jackie Black's Romantic Roulette
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
May 1985 : USA Paperback
|Title: Romantic Roulette (Candlelight Ecstasy Romance, No 339)
Author(s): Jackie Black
ISBN: 0-440-17486-4 / 978-0-440-17486-8 (USA edition)
Publisher: Dell Publishing
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
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