text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 1994
|Filing date
|May 25, 1993
|Priority date
|Mar 12, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Richard W. Citta
|Original Assignee
|Zenith Electronics Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (36), Classifications (20), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 7/872,211, filed Apr. 22, 1992 which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 667,836 filed Mar. 12, 1991, both as abandoned.
The present invention generally relates to a system for digitally transmitting a video signal and particularly concerns a system for adaptively improving the signal-to-noise performance of a digitally transmitted video signal.
A number of systems have recently been proposed for digitally transmitting a wideband HDTV signal over a standard 6 MHz television channel. Typically these systems initially compress a wideband video source signal and then transmit the compressed signal over a selected 6 MHz television channel at a fixed data rate. While various video compression techniques are known in the art, temporally oriented systems seem to be presently preferred. In such systems, the compressed video information may be transmitted in the form of motion vectors and difference signals, with the motion vector identifying a previous portion of the video signal that closely matches the current portion and the difference signal representing the difference between the previous and current portions. Transmission of the motion vector and difference signals may be effected, for example, by encoding the binary data representing the two signals as a series of N-level symbols, each symbol thereby representing N/2 bits of binary data. Each symbol in a four-level transmission system would therefore represent two bits of binary data.
Digital video transmission systems of the foregoing type provide for extremely accurate reproduction of the transmitted image under ideal conditions and can even tolerate a certain degree of interference without appreciable performance degradation. However, if the level of interference encountered exceeds a threshold representing the signal-to-noise performance of the system, the ability to reproduce the televised image may be entirely lost. This is in contrast to an analog transmission system in which performance is gradually degraded as a function of interference. In the HDTV digital transmission environment, one source of such interference is expected to be NTSC co-channel signals from nearby television service areas.
It is therefore a basic object of the present invention to provide an improved digital video signal transmission system.
It is a more specific object of the invention to provide a digital video signal transmission system capable of operating in a relatively noisy environment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a digital video signal transmission system which is operable at different levels of signal-to-noise performance.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a digital video signal transmission system in which first selected video information is transmitted at a first signal-to-noise ratio and other video information is transmitted at a second, smaller signal-to-noise ratio.
It is still another object of the invention to adaptively vary the amount of video information transmitted at the first and second signal-to-noise ratios.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a digital video signal constant power transmission system capable of transmitting video information at different levels of signal-to-noise performance.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon reading the following description in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a video signal encoder and transmitter constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 2A and 2B are respective graphs useful in explaining the operation of the encoder of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3A illustrates a technique for formatting video data according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3B and 3C illustrate the manner in which different segments of the video data of FIG. 3A are encoded for transmission at different levels of signal-to-noise performance according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3D and 3E illustrate the manner in which different segments of the video data of FIG. 3A are encoded for transmission at different levels of signal-to-noise performance according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a video signal receiver constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a video signal transmitter constructed in accordance with the invention. In its presently preferred embodiment, the transmitter incorporates a temporally-based video compression system and utilizes a suppressed carrier, vestigial sideband form of transmission. However, it is to be understood that the invention may be used with other types of video compression and transmission systems so that the details thereof should not be viewed as imposing any unnecessary limitations on the invention.
Referring therefore in more detail to FIG. 1, a video source 10 provides a wideband digital video signal which may have a bandwidth of up to about 37 MHz. Although not necessarily limited thereto, source 10 may provide, for example, a progressively scanned video signal in the form of successive frames of binary video data having a vertical periodicity equal to the NTSC standard (i.e. about 59.4 Hz) and a horizontal periodicity equal to three times the NTSC standard (i.e. about 47.25 KHz). The video data is applied in the form of a stream of binary pixel values from video source 10 to a transform coder 12 which may, for example, implement a discrete cosine transform. More specifically, transform coder 12 processes the binary pixel values for providing a series of blocks of spectral transform coefficients for each frame of the video source signal, each block of coefficients corresponding to a respective spatial region of the video image. In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, each block comprises an (8�8) array of coefficients, with 14,400 blocks representing an entire video frame.
The coefficient blocks developed by transform coder 12 are applied one-at-a-time to a perceptual modeling system 14 which develops an output that reflects the perceptual nature of the corresponding portion of the video image. Perceptual modeling system 14, a preferred embodiment of which is more fully described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 653,560, filed Feb. 8, 1991, for example, develops an output reflecting the degree to which the corresponding block of the video image is characterized by such perceptual characteristics as edge, texture, etc. A video compression system 16 is responsive to the output of perceptual model 14 for compressing the video signal developed at the output of source 10 in accordance with a selected compression algorithm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, video compression is effected in the temporal domain wherein, for example, successive portions of the video image are analyzed to derive a respective motion vector and difference signal. The motion vector identifies a closely matching group of video pixels from the previous frame and the difference signal represents the difference therebetween. The difference signal is preferably variably quantized in response to the output of perceptual model 14 in the form of, for example, either a 0, 3, 5 or 7 average bit-length code and multiplexed with the motion vector to provide an output compressed binary video data signal.
The compressed signal developed at the output of compressor 16 is applied to the input of a variable rate buffer 18. Buffer 18 controls the flow of video data in the transmitter by providing a feedback signal to perceptual model 14 which reflects the fullness of the buffer. In particular, perceptual model 14 is responsive to the feedback signal for controlling compressor 16 in a manner so as to vary the degree of compression effected thereby as a function of the fullness of the buffer. Thus, as the fullness of buffer 18 increases, the extent of compression may likewise be increased and as fullness decreases the extent of compression may also be decreased to provide a relatively continuous flow of video data to the transmitter. The effect of the foregoing is illustrated in FIG. 2A which plots the degree of error introduced by compressor 16 as a function of buffer fullness. As shown in the graph, since the degree of compression varies directly as a function of buffer fullness, the error level likewise varies directly with buffer fullness. That is, increased compression provides an increased error level and decreased compression provides a decreased error level. In this regard, it has been determined that error levels produced when buffer fullness exceeds a first threshold T1 are excessive and that error levels produced when buffer fullness is less than a second threshold T2 are less than a normally expected range of errors. Error levels between buffer fullness thresholds T1 and T2 are within a normally expected range.
With further reference to FIG. 1, the compressed video data is coupled by buffer 18 to a data sorter and formatter unit 20. As described previously, the video data may comprise a combination of both motion vectors and variably quantized difference signals, although other classes of data may also be provided. Unit 20 sorts the various classes of data (e.g. motion vectors and difference signals) according to their relative importance and likewise ranks the data within each respective class. Thus, for example, the data applied to or developed in unit 20 may include various global control data necessary for proper operation of the receivers in the system. This class of data is therefore assigned the highest level of importance. The motion vectors, which are considered more important than the difference signals to the accurate reproduction of the televised image, are assigned the next highest level of importance and the difference signals the lowest relative level of importance. Unit 20 next formats the data into a transmission frame, an exemplary embodiment of which is illustrated in FIG. 3A, according to the foregoing classification as well as the inter-classification ranking of the data. The exemplary transmission frame shown in FIG. 3A is substantially coextensive with an NTSC field and comprises a plurality of data segments 22 each corresponding to an NTSC horizontal line.
In accordance with the invention, the most important class of data, i.e. the control data in the foregoing example, is grouped in one or more initial data segments 24, the next most important class, i.e. the motion vectors, in a succeeding group 26 of data segments 22 and finally the difference signals in a final group 28 of data segments 22. As mentioned above, the data within each group 24, 26, 28 of data segments 22 is likewise ranked according to its relative importance. Thus, for example, the more important motion vectors and difference signals are provided in the initial data segments of their respective groups, while the motion vectors and difference signals of lesser importance are provided in the lower data segments of the groups. Also, it will be understood that the number of motion vectors and difference signals may vary from frame to frame so that the number of data segments comprising groups 26 and 28 may likewise vary.
The formatted data frames developed by unit 20 are supplied to a level encoder 30 which is operated in response to an encoder control 32. Encoder control 32 is in turn responsive to the buffer fullness signal developed by buffer 18. Level encoder 30 is operable for encoding each segment 22 of the transmission frame in the form of about 684 four or two-level symbols, each four-level symbol representing two binary data bits and each two-level symbol representing one binary data bit. The output of level encoder 30 thus comprises a successive series of data segments 22 each characterized by a fixed symbol rate of approximately 10.5 megasymbols per second and a data rate of either 21 megabits per second (for four-level symbols) or 10.5 megabits per second (for two-level symbols). The foregoing is illustrated in FIGS. 3B and 3C which respectively represent a four-level data segment 22 and a two-level data segment 22. Referring to FIG. 3B, it will be seen that the data segment comprises 684 four-level symbols representing 171 bytes of data. Each of the data symbols, which are equally spaced by about 92 nanoseconds, assumes one of the four exemplary levels 0, 1, 2 or 3 for providing a fixed symbol rate of about 10.5 megasymbols per second and a corresponding data rate of about 21 megabits per second. The data segment of FIG. 3C also comprises 684 symbols but only represents about 85 bytes of data corresponding to a data rate of about 10.5 megabits per second. According to one important aspect of the invention, the levels characterizing the symbols of the data segment of FIG. 3C are selected from among the levels used to encode the symbols of the data segment of FIG. 3B. In particular, the symbols of the data segment of FIG. 3C are encoded using the levels 0 and 2 of FIG. 3B. These levels represent a compromise between maintaining a reasonably large difference between the levels while, at the same time, minimizing interference of the transmitted signal into a nearby co-channel.
It will be appreciated that the two-level symbols of the data segment of FIG. 3C, while providing half the data rate of the data segment of FIG. 3B, provide a noise improvement in relation thereto of about 9.5 db. According to the invention, this improvement in noise performance is advantageously utilized by encoding certain of the data in segments 22 as two-level symbols in accordance with FIG. 3C and other of the data as four-level symbols in accordance with FIG. 3B. The division of encoding levels may be set on a fixed basis, may be derived on an adaptively varying basis, or may comprise a combination of both techniques.
FIGS. 3D and 3E are similar to FIGS. 3B and 3C, respectively, but illustrate the four-level symbols and the two-level symbols arranged in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is used in the recently proposed Digital Spectrum Compatible-HDTV system, jointly developed by Zenith Electronics Corporation and AT&T. In that system, the four-level symbols and two-level symbols are selected to result in equal average transmission power (assuming that the data is random and that all levels of symbols have the same probability of occurrence). The fixed average transmitted signal level (dashed lines at level "1" in FIGS. 3D and 3E) facilitates receiver lock-up and reduces overall transmitter power. The arrangement also reduces interference into co-channels and intersymbol interference.
As seen in FIGS. 3D and 3E, the four-level symbols have values of -2, 0, +2 and +4 and the two-level symbols have values of -1 and +3. The average value of each of these signals (assuming equal occurrence of all symbols) is +1. This is calculated as follows:
Four-level [(-2)+(0)+(+2)+(+4)]�4=(+4)�4=1 and
Two-level [(-1)+(+3)]�2=(+2)�2=1.
The two-level symbols -1 and +3 are intermediate the four-level symbols 0 and -2, and +2 and +4, respectively. Of course, the receiver must be capable of distinguishing between six different symbol levels, versus the four different symbol levels in the FIGS. 3B and 3C version of the invention. It will be appreciated that the numbers associated with the various levels represent "normalized" values. It is the relative relationship between the different levels that is of concern and not their actual magnitude. It will also be appreciated that having the average levels of the two and four-symbol level transmissions equal a non-zero value yields a "pilot-like" output which makes lock-up of a receiver phase locked loop much easier. The selected levels above described produce a "1" value output for the receiver PLL in both the four-level and two-level symbol transmission modes.
In the DSC-HDTV system, the four-level symbols (FIG. 3B) are selected for modulo-4 processing (to permit use of NTSC signal rejection circuitry in the HDTV receiver) and mapped to different values. In particular, the (0) level is mapped to a (-3), the (+1) level to a (-1), the (+2) level to a (+1) and the (+3) level to (+3). The average of these symbols would be (0)--assuming equal probability of symbol occurrence. To provide a positive value "pilot" for aiding lock-up of the PLL in the receiver, an offset of (+1) is introduced. Thus the (-3) is offset to (-2), the (-1) to (0), the (+1) to (+2) and the (+3) to (+4). This set of symbol levels corresponds to FIG. 3D and results in a (+1) average pilot level. To maintain that average (+1) level for two-level symbol operation, the two level symbols (-1 and +3) are selected to be intermediate levels 0 and -2 and levels +2 and +4, as shown in FIG. 3E. It will be appreciated that the levels are mapped from those in FIGS. 3B and 3C directly to those in FIGS. 3D and 3E, respectively. The above described two-steps of mapping and offsetting helps explain the reason for the levels selected in the preferred embodiment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, level encoder 30 is controlled by encoder control 32 to always encode certain data segments 22 of each transmission frame as two-level symbols, other segments 22 as two-level symbols on an adaptively varying basis, and the remaining segments 22 as four-level symbols. In particular, referring back to FIG. 3A, a pair of partitions 34 and 36 are established for defining the symbol levels to be used for encoding the various data segments. Partition 34 is a fixed partition, while partition 36 is variable between fixed partition 34 and the end of the frame. Data segments above fixed partition 34 are always encoded as two-level symbols, data segments between fixed partition 34 and variable partition 36 as two-level symbols and data segments below variable partition 36 as four-level symbols. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, fixed partition 34 is selected to define the global control data of data segment group 24 such that this class of data is always transmitted as robust two-level symbols. Variable partition 36 is controlled as a function of the fullness of buffer 18 as illustrated by the nominal curve 40 (FIG. 2B). That is, at levels of buffer fullness below fullness threshold T2, variable partition 36 is adjusted downwardly to the bottom of the frame and at levels of buffer fullness above fullness threshold T1 variable partition 36 is adjusted upwardly to fixed partition 34. For levels of buffer fullness between fullness thresholds T1 and T2, the variable partition is established by encoder control 32 between these two extremes such that the transmission frames are encoded at an average data rate reflected by the portion of curve 40 between thresholds T1 and T2.
In accordance with the foregoing, as much video data as can be accommodated by the system, in particular the most important portions thereof, is encoded in a robust manner as relatively noise-immune two-level symbols, the remaining data being encoded with reduced noise performance as four-level symbols. Moreover, increases in buffer fullness are compensated for by increasing the data rate which results from raising variable partition 36 in the transmission frame. Likewise, decreases in buffer fullness are advantageously utilized by lowering the variable partition and thereby reducing the data rate.
In order to facilitate decoding of the two and four-level symbols in a receiver, encoder control 32 inserts a count in the first segment of each transmission frame identifying the number of segments in each frame comprising two-level symbols. Since the count is above fixed partition 34 it will always be encoded as two-level symbols. This count, together with the remaining encoded symbols are coupled to a transmitter 42 for transmission over a 6 MHz television channel. Although not necessarily limited thereto, transmitter 30 preferably comprises the vestigial sideband, suppressed carrier transmitter described in copending application Ser. No. 611,236, filed Nov. 9, 1990.
Nominal curve 40 of FIG. 2B may be adjusted by the broadcaster in a tradeoff between the quality of the broadcast and the extent of geographical coverage provided thereby. For example, if the broadcaster desires to provide a higher quality broadcast, curve 40' of FIG. 2B may be employed to control level encoder 30 instead of curve 40. Curve 40' results in a tendency to raise variable partition 36 whereby an increased number of data segments are encoded as four-level symbols to increase the average transmitted data rate. While this improves the quality of the broadcast image, the extent of geographical coverage is reduced as a consequence of the reduction in the average signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signal. On the other hand, if the broadcaster desires to increase the geographical coverage of the broadcast, curve 40" of FIG. 2B may be employed to control level encoder 30. Curve 40" results in a tendency to lower variable partition 36 whereby an increased number of data segments are encoded as two-level symbols resulting in a decreased average transmitted data rate. This provides a more robust signal having increased geographical coverage but at a reduced quality level.
With reference now to FIG. 4, the transmitted signal is received by a receiver including a tuner 50. Tuner 50 converts the received signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal which is applied to a synchronous detector 52 and to a frequency and phase locked loop (FPLL) 54. FPLL 54 locks to the applied IF signal and generates a continuous wave output for application to synchronous detector 52. FPLL 54 may also generate an automatic frequency control voltage for controlling the operation of tuner 50. Synchronous detector 52, in response to the output of FPLL 54, demodulates the received signal and applies the demodulated signal to the inputs of a data decoder 56 and a clock and sync recovery circuit 58. The demodulated count signal, identifying the number of segments of each received frame encoded as two-level symbols, is coupled to a second input of data decoder 56. Circuit 58 applies a clock signal to a third input of data decoder 56 and appropriate sync signals for controlling a display 60.
Data decoder 56 is responsive to the count and clock signals for decoding the demodulated segments of two and four-level symbols coupled thereto. The decoded signal is applied through a buffer 62 as a fixed rate binary signal to a video processor 64 which decompresses the received signal to provide a wideband video output signal. It will be understood that since at least the most important portions of the received video signal were transmitted and received as relatively noise-immune, two-level symbols, highly accurate reproduction of corresponding portions of the image is achieved. Depending upon the level of noise encountered during transmission, the remaining four-level symbols may be reproduced with the same or with less accuracy. Finally, the decoded video data developed by processor 64 is applied through a D/A converter 66 to display 60 for reproducing the televised image.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects. Therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. The matter set forth in the foregoing descriptions and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 31, 1997
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- NTT Docomo's Iris Scan Phone - Wall St. Journal - "Forget passcodes or fingerprint scans. Now you can unlock a smartphone with the blink of an eye."
On the Wires:
- American Express Announces Exporting Program to Help Middle Market Companies Grow Globally - "Exporting represents a $928 billion opportunity1 for U.S. mid-sized companies2 over the next 10 years, yet only 17% of middle market firms currently trade internationally3," said Susan Sobbott, president, Global Corporate Payments, American Express. "The Grow Global program is designed to help demystify the complexities of exporting, and help companies seize the opportunities available by tapping into markets outside the U.S."
- Sally Provides Update on Payment Card Investigation - "We believe it is in the best interests of our customers to alert them that we now have sufficient evidence to confirm that an illegal intrusion into our payment card systems has indeed occurred. However, we will not speculate on the scope of the intrusion as our forensics investigation is still underway," said Chris Brickman, President and CEO.
Glenbrook's 2015 Payments Education
- Our next spring Payments Boot Camp session is scheduled for May 19-20 in Menlo Park, California followed by a one-day Insight Workshop on May 21 on the topic of The New Point of Sale.
- If you have questions about our payments education program, please contact Carol Coye Benson for more information.
- Click here to share PaymentsNews with a friend
Updates from Glenbrook:
- Join our mailing list for updates about Glenbrook events. Follow us on Twitter: @paymentsnews and @paymentsviews

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News About Fenway
2016 Sunline Stakes Betting Tips
The Sunline Stakes 2016 is the key support act on the William Reid Stakes Night program at Moonee Valley Racecourse this evening, betting tips for the fillies-and-mares' feature found below.
Originally a final field of 13 were in the ...
Fenway Leads 2016 Sunline Stakes Field & Betting Odds
Lee & Shannon Hope's smart mare Fenway has opened favourite in Sunline Stakes 2016 betting for the key support race at Moonee Valley on Thursday night despite drawing the outside barrier in the mile clash.
Felicienne Heads 2016 Sunline Stakes Nominations
Darren Weir's smart Matron Stakes winning mare Felicienne is one of the headline nominations taken for the Sunline Stakes 2016 at Moonee Valley Racecourse on William Reid Stakes Night this Thursday.
The key support act on the card, this ...
2016 Australian Cup Form Guide & Betting Preview
The richest race on the Flemington card for 'Super Saturday' this weekend is the weight-for-age Australian Cup 2016, the Races.com.au team's insider form guide and betting analysis for which is found below.
Bow Creek Heads 2016 Peter Young Stakes Field & Odds
The John O'Shea-trained Australian Cup bound Bow Creek has opened favourite to break his maiden status down under in the Peter Young Stakes 2016 at Caulfield Racecourse on the weekend.
Capacity 2016 Ladbrokes CF Orr Stakes Field Released
A full field of 18 gallopers has been released for Saturday's Ladbrokes CF Orr Stakes 2016 that kicks off Group 1 racing for the autumn at Melbourne's Caulfield Racecourse.
Heading the card running as Caulfield ...
First Seal Leads 2016 Queen Of The Turf Stakes Nominations
John Thompson's consistent Group 1 performing mare First Seal is the headline nomination taken for the Queen Of The Turf Stakes 2016 at Royal Randwick this Sydney Autumn Racing Carnival.
Nominations ...
Turn Me Loose Tops 2016 CF Orr Stakes Nominations
Murray Baker's returning Emirates Stakes winner Turn Me Loose heads the nominations taken for the season's opening Group 1 race – the CF Orr Stakes 2016 taking place at Caulfield Racecourse this Saturday.
This year's ...
2015 Myer Classic Winner Politeness Gets Group 1
Robert Smerdon's in-form mare Politeness finally broke through with her maiden Group 1 win at start number 26 and gave her trainer his first ever Victoria Derby Day winner with a strong performance in the Myer Classic 2015 at Flemington.
Myer Classic 2015 Betting Tips
Another quality line-up of female gallopers will line-up in the 2015 Myer Classic field at Flemington Racecourse on Saturday for Victoria Derby Day, betting tips for the mile feature detailed below.


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If you're a fast machine who likes to keep her motor clean, then you may just be the best damn woman we have ever seen! Show off your rocker side when you wear this awesome AC/DC shirt! Perfect for going to a concert or just for a night out, all of your rock friends are sure to appreciate this tee!
Sold Out.


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Category Archives: Home Improvement
Bathtub Ideas For A Trendy Bathroom
Modern homeowners, as well as designers, have a lot of emphasis placed on color schemes and style for bathrooms and other rooms around the house. Standalone bathtubs have become an interesting development as a solution for your bathroom, so they make for a different approach to an otherwise boring room of your home.
A colorful bathtub will not only add more life to your bathroom, but it will also help with the color scheme of the entire space as well. No matter what path you decide to take, one thing is that these bathtubs will not be of the boring kind and you will have a truly unique experience for your home. Just note that you will also need to look for a practical blend between style and materials that are easy for bathroom cleaning, so choose wisely.
There is a good reason why most painted bathtubs are reinvigorated and repainted older claw-foot style bathtubs. A simple paint job on one of these classic tubs will be a great way to make a solution that is solid, long lasting and stylish without much effort involved. Claw feet can also be painted in a different color and even a more neutral one to create an interesting solution for your needs. Tubs may come in many varieties and styles, each of which may have its own classic rim top, flat rim top and a slipper tub. In the end, the results will be classy and memorable.
Using Antique Claw Foot Bathtubs
Purchasing a real antique claw-foot style bathtub is a pretty expensive move however, so get ready to spend a pretty penny. Modern replicas are a much cheaper approach, as well as allowing you to experiment with the paint job as well. If you plan on having a more contemporary bathroom, then you should go for a softer pastel-colored approach. Gray and black bathtubs will look more modern than anything else, so keep that in mind when you work.
Sprucing Up Your Bathroom
All you need sometimes is a change of scenery or a new look to feel refreshed. The same goes for your bathroom. Maybe you've been thinking about redecorating, but you're not sure how to go about it. If you're ready for a bathroom transformation but don't want to spend the money on a full remodeling project, then this article is for you.
We've got some clever and practical ways to enhance the appearance of your bathroom that will help you bring back that spark. See seven simple and fun ways to spruce up your bathroom on a budget.
Accessories are used to jazz up an outfit, and the same goes for your bathroom. Go online or pop into one of your local home stores and find an attractive soap dispenser and toothbrush holder.
This bathroom is the perfect example of how elegant and tasteful bathroom accessories make a statement. Think about what you're currently using to store cotton balls and soap and determine if it's adding to the style of your bathroom or bringing it down. If the latter is true, then it's time to purchase some new ones.
Towels and bathmats come in all shapes, colors and sizes. Depending on your storage and display options, they're a great, stress-free way to style and brighten up the space.
It's easy to forget how adding little touches here and there can make such a big difference. Take the time to shop around and see what looks are a possibility in your bathroom, and then narrow it down from there. The nice part is you don't have to stay with one look forever. Bath towels and rugs come and go, and so do trends. Have fun picking out new pieces and mix it up when you're sick of the look.
Coloring Bathroom Walls Tips
Your bathroom is one of the areas of the house that everyone will see and use. So naturally, most homeowners want it to make a statement of their personal style and "wow" their guests. However, if you're someone with a small, outdated bathroom, you might not know where to start.
It's amazing what a coat of paint can do to a room. You can transform out-of-date to trendy in just an afternoon. Not only does it add a new look, but it can freshen up the appearance of fixtures and tile, without a complete remodel. With so many options, it's difficult to know what will work best in your bath. Transform your space from bland to beautiful with these bathroom paint ideas.
A coat of paint is one of the most cost-efficient ways to give your bathroom a new look. The costs to paint a bathroom can vary depending on your approach. A DIY paint job can cost less, but it will take time to complete and could be tricky to get behind certain features in your bathroom. The average cost of a professional paint project is between $1,804 and $2,406. This price, however, can vary depending on the size of the room, the visible wall space that needs paint and the type of paint you choose.
Before picking the paint color, consider the room's environment. Bathrooms tend to have higher moisture compared to other rooms in the house due to shower and bath use. You'll want to choose an interior paint that is mold- and mildew-proof. This will help keep your bathroom looking clean and fight any damage caused by moisture.
To achieve the perfect paint job, be sure to wash the walls with a mold and mildew cleaner. This is especially important if you discover an area of your bathroom with visible mold or mildew growth. Wear a mask and wipe rather than brush the walls with a soft cloth, to avoid breathing in any mold you may not see. One way to keep mildew out and off the walls clean is by installing a bathroom fan.
Office Set Up on a Shoestring
With so many people working from home these days, a home office has become an essential space in many homes. The guest room may be replaced by a work-at-home spot, and it's important that all the elements contribute to a productive time.
Not everyone has a big budget for outfitting a home office and few people can pay to have a professional space planner come into their home to design an efficient home office space.
There are lots of ways to create a good space for working at home without spending a fortune. We'll give you some ideas, and you can go from there. You may end up feeling a great sense of accomplishment after turning some wasted space into an efficient stay-at-home office.
- Define Your SpaceIf you're lucky enough to have a separate room for your home office, the task won't be so hard. The key to a good home office is to make use of whatever space you have, whether it's a stair landing, a small closet, a spare room, or an unused corner of the living room. For greatest efficiency, find a space that can be dedicated to a home office area. You'll be able to work more professionally if you don't have to move papers off your desk to change diapers!
- Create a PlanIt might be tempting to just move the pieces around until the space works. But if you spend some time actually measuring your space, creating a floor plan (small as it might be), measuring your furniture, and thinking it through, the final result will be much more satisfactory.
- What Can You Do Yourself?Whatever work you can do yourself will save you money! Your home office space is probably not going to be too big, so consider painting the walls yourself. Adding a fresh, lively color or a sedate, calming color will set the tone for your work space. And if you're not a pro at painting, never fear. Most of the space will be covered up with furniture anyway. If you're feeling really creative, stencil a border around the desk. Or wallpaper one wall to define the space.
- What Do You Already Have?Can you move furniture or accessories from one part of the house to your new home office? If you don't have to buy some pieces, you'll save a lot! Is there a comfortable chair in the guest room? Do you have some pictures tucked away in a closet that would be inspiring and decorative on the walls of your work space? Look around to see what you can use in your new home office.
The Most Out Of Your Half Bath
A half bath is one of those rooms in the home that you're glad to have, but one you're either not sure how to decorate or how to us the space to its full potential. Powder rooms come in all different shapes and sizes. You'll be glad to know that size doesn't matter with the tips I'm going to offer up.
While it may not be as great as your master bath, a half bath is one space that'll get seen and used by all, including guests. Let this room be your chance to set the tone for the rest of your home and make it amazing. See tips for making the most out of your half bath and how to make your dream powder room a reality.
The number one goal for your powder room is to make sure that whatever changes you apply will make it more functional. Zero in on determining the purpose of the room, including for family and guests. At a minimum, your powder room should have a toilet, sink and mirror. Installing a vessel sink will give you extra counter space, while a dresser vanity provides more storage room. Also, make use of the space outside the door with items such as a bench, bookshelf or storage closet. These are little adjustments that'll help you get the most out of the room.
Although I like to save time and money too, I also realize that there are benefits that come with investing. The kitchen and bathrooms should get the most tender, love and care in all homes. They're the most important rooms for raising resale value and they attract the most foot traffic. Your half bath is one room where it's okay to go the extra mile. Updates, upgrades and fine materials go a long way.
Refinish A Bathtub Tips
Refinishing a bathtub is the easiest and cheapest way to bring new life to your very dated (or very dirty) bathtub. Those of you who don't have the time or patience to clean your tub often or want to restore your old, unique tub you don't see nowadays will greatly benefit from a bathtub refinishing, also known as reglazing, project.
Fortunately, bathtub refinishing doesn't cost more than $142 and can be completed for less if you choose to take it on as a DIY project. Nevertheless, by comparison to a new tub, refinishing can save thousands.
As most reglazing projects are done without pros, the costs tend to stay below the $100 mark. According to our cost guide, the average minimum cost of tile or bathtub reglazing is $17 and the maximum is $142. If you are eager to take this project on by yourself, there are plenty of refinishing kits at The Home Depot.
Nevertheless, if you hire a bathroom remodeling professional, expect the price to increase.
Like any DIY project, certain tools and materials are needed. While I am going to cover multiple ways to refinish a bathtub, some or all the materials below will help you transform your old grimy tub to the masterpiece it once was.
- Bathtub Refinishing Kit
- Sandpaper
- Hand Towels
- Paper Towels
- Paintbrush
- Paint Roller
- Caulk
- Utility Knife
- Paint Stripper
- Abrasive Cleaner
- Masking Tape
- Masking Paper
- Rubber Gloves
- Plastic covering
- Epoxy
- Abrasive Pad
Re Caulk A Bathtub
You may see caulk as tiny detail, but a fresh application can truly make a difference in your bathroom. Caulk is designed to fill cracks and prevent water from leaving the tub or shower. Over time, caulk can crack, leading to structural damage, mold and mildew. Age also tends to discolor caulk, making showers look older and unclean.
For both homeowners and renters alike, re-caulking your tub is an easy fix you can do to spruce up your bathroom. Additionally, this is an easy DIY project. To complete the process, you'll need to remove the old caulk and replace it with new caulk. Here's how you can re-caulk your shower or bathtub.
Before you begin the process of replacing the caulk, you must decide what caulk you'd like to use. There are two main types of caulk to use in a bathtub or shower: silicone and latex.
Silicone caulk is completely waterproof, making it ideal for bathrooms. Though it's incredibly flexible and long-lasting, application and removal is difficult. It also can't be cleaned up with water; it has to be cleaned up with mineral spirits. Silicone caulk works best on glass and ceramic tile.
This type of caulk is intended to have an easy application, but is not as durable as silicone caulk and tends to crack over time. It tends to be the cheaper option and comes in a wide range of colors. Mistakes can be removed with water. Latex caulk can work on any tile, but specifically, will do well on uneven tile.
Many companies now make a combination caulk of both silicone and latex, maintaining the easy use of latex and the long life of silicone.
Gorgeous Bathroom Remodelling
DIY bathroom remodeling is not only a popular trend going around the U.S., but it's also one of the most valuable. In fact, on average, bathroom remodeling projects yield a 60% return on investment. As such, you may not only get to enjoy the luxury of using an updated bathroom, but the monetary return as well.
Nevertheless, bathroom remodeling is not easy. To make a difference, you need honest advice from the pros. As such, we rounded up six common DIY bathroom remodeling projects and the steps to complete each without a pro.
If you feel some these are biting off more than you can chew, be sure to contact a professional bathroom contractor near you.
Bathroom Remodeling Costs
Before we dive into each project, we must cover the average costs. According to our bathroom renovation cost estimator, the national average for a bathroom remodeling job is $7,920. This price includes hiring a professional. Therefore, expect your DIY bathroom project to be much less expensive (expect longer completion time though).
DIY Bathroom Planning
Before you start your DIY bathroom remodel project, you must ask yourself six essential questions. By asking and answering all six, you will know if this bathroom project is not only worth your investment, but time as well.
The six questions you need to ask yourself before every DIY bathroom remodeling are:
- What is in the bathroom remodel budget?
- What do I need & what do I want?
- Who will be using the bathroom & what is its function?
- How long can the family function without this bathroom?
- Do I want to install energy efficient products?
- Do I need more bathroom ventilation?
Bathroom Vanity Cabinet Ideas
Do you think you have what it takes to change the look of your bathroom in just an afternoon? Believe it or not, it's possible. It's amazing what a few coats of paint to your bathroom vanity can do to enhance the décor of the room.
A DIY painting project is the perfect way to refresh a bathroom. In this video from MyFixItUpLife, Theresa adds the finishing touches to a bathroom update by painting the vanity a dark gray, that goes with the style of the room.
If your bathroom could use a bigger update, contact a remodeling pro today and recieve up to four free quotes from contractors in your area.
Loose items, like tweezers, bobby pins and scissors, can be the start of a messy medicine cabinet. With nowhere to go, they simply end up sitting on a random shelf. For any metal items, a magnetic strip tape is the answer. Simply attach the magnetic tape to the back of your medicine cabinet mirror and your metal items will no longer have to take up real estate on your shelves, making room for more bathroom storage.
- Take the doors off the vanity to paint.
- Sand all surfaces of the vanity before painting.
- Test the paint on the inside of the doors.
- Replace all hardware once all paint is completely dry.
Creating a new look for your bathroom does not have to be costly and time consuming. In an afternoon, you can get the update you desire with a few coats of paint.
Tips to Make Small Bath Look Big
Any homeowner with a small bathroom knows it's a challenge to make it look and feel bigger. One attractive and affordable solution to this obstacle is mosaic tile. A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone or other materials. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square pieces of stone or glass of different colors known as tesserae.
Mosaic tile is more versatile than you may think. It's frequently used as decorative art or as interior decoration and the possibilities are endless. See six examples of how mosaic tile will effortlessly make your small bath look big and liven it up.
1. Create An Accent Wall
Paint isn't the only way to create an accent wall. Colorful, delicate mosaic tile delivers a unique solution for brightening up your bathroom. There's typically not much wall space to work with in a small bath, so getting a bit fancy with your accent wall won't be too hard on your wallet. A white foundation, natural light and mirrors will also help play tricks on the eyes to make the room appear larger.
2. Build A Border or Backsplash
A border or backsplash is an effective way to make a room look bigger. It also adds style and an element of surprise to your small bath. The continuous design keeps the eye busy as it travels from one element to the next. To keep the project budget-friendly, cover small areas with expensive tiles or larger areas with less expensive tile styles.
Another idea is to fill the blank space between your sink and mirror with colorful, mosaic tile. You won't believe how something so simple will magnify the aesthetic appeal of your bathroom. Once again, the eye will be drawn to the tile and travel with the flow of the design.
A backsplash is versatile in that it can take up as much or as little of the space around your sink and vanity as you'd like, without looking strange. In this example, the horizontal tiles travel up the entire wall above the vanity. The tile wall catches your eye so quickly that you have little time to analyze the size of the bath. You'll be fixated on the design behind the mirror instead of the square footage.
3. Stack Thin Rectangular Tiles Vertically
Make your ceiling appear even higher by stacking thin, rectangular tiles in a vertical manner. The layout of your tile will have a lot to do with how small or large your bathroom appears to the eye. Orienting a tile pattern vertically emphasizes the height of a space instead of the width. Easily lift the ceiling height in a compact bathroom by implementing tile that draws the eye upward.


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Bush Leads in New York Filings, But Opponents Protest His Tactics
By FRANK LYNN
Published: February 12, 1988
Vice President Bush had some good news in the Republican Presidential race yesterday when his New York supporters filed the most slates, the most candidates for delegate and the most signatures on petitions for the April 19 Presidential primary.
Mr. Bush's strong showing in the preliminaries here and his supporters' tactics have touched off a controversy with his opponents. They said the Bush campaign has threatened to remove opponents' candidates for delegate from the ballot by challenging petitions. Rivals also criticized the Vice President's camp for getting the State Legislature to shorten by a week the period for gathering signatures, an advantage for the better organized Bush forces.
Philip Pepe, the coordinator of Senator Bob Dole's campaign in New York accused the Bush forces of ''pressuring people to stay off or step off'' delegate slates for the Kansas Senator. Opponents Join Forces
Despite the blessings of the state's top Republican, Senator Alfonse M. D'Amato, the Dole forces were able to file delegate slates in only 21 of New York's 34 congressional districts. He trailed Mr. Bush, who filed full slates of three candidates in all 34 districts; Representative Jack F. Kemp of upstate New York, who filed 29 full slates; and Pat Robertson, who filed 23.
Two other Republican presidential candidates, former Gov. Pete du Pont of Delaware and former Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr., did not file any delegate slates.
The Kemp, Dole and Robertson forces agreed earlier this week not to contest each other's petitions, a process that keeps candidates in courts rather than campaigning, but Representative Guy V. Molinari of Staten Island, chairman of the Bush campaign here, declined to join in such an agreement.
''We've complied with the election law,'' said Mr. Molinari, adding that the effort of the three opponents was ''a signal of weakness.''
Mr. Pepe and Henry Hewes, a Manhattan realtor who heads the Robertson campaign here, acknowledged that some of their slates might be vulnerable to a Bush challenge of insufficient numbers or invalid registration.
Mr. Russell J. Schriever, the director of the Bush effort here, said that a cursory examination of the Kemp delegate slates late yesterday indicated that in three New York City congressional districts they were lacking the minimum number of signatures. A Tribute to Nassau
Mr. Bush filed slates with a statewide total of about 130,000 signatures, including 60,000 signatures in two Nassau County congressional districts alone, a tribute to the effectiveness of the Nassau Republican organization. Senator D'Amato, a product of that organization, did not even file delegate slates for Mr. Dole in Nassau nor did Mr. Robertson file in those districts. Only Mr. Kemp challenged the Bush slates in Nassau, and his candidates for delegate are political unknowns.
Mr. Bush's delegates or endorsers include 10 of the state's 14 Republican Congressmen and 46 or 62 county chairmen.
Republican Presidential candidates other than Mr. Bush did not have statewide signature totals available, but they acknowledged that they had considerably fewer names than the Vice President. A minimum of 1,250 signatures of enrolled Republicans is necessary for most districts, but only several hundred are needed in districts with low Republican enrollment such as black and Hispanic areas of New York City.
The city districts proved to be the most difficult for the Dole, Kemp and Robertson forces in which to qualify delegate slates. Mr. Hewes said that fundamentalist and Pentecostal churches in the overwhelmingly Democratic South Bronx had joined in the Robertson effort.


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Hello Guys,
When I load one of my external swf's into my main movie, the dynamic text I have written doesn't show up. The text is there when I preview the external swf on its own. Now, when the swf loads into the main movie the text can't be seen for some reason. Any ideas on what I am doing wrong and a way to fix it would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance. kramz
Is the text dynamic?
Yes, its dynamic. The external movie loads the text perfect when I preview it by itself. However, when l load the movie inside my main movie the text won't show. I'm using the loadVariablesNum function. Do I have to add something to my main movie?
Well… ... The only thing I can say is to check the file path. When loading a xml or .txt file into a main movie you have to treat it like you're targeting the file path from the main directory. Could that be the problem?
I don't think that's the problem… I have two movies, A & B.. I'm loading B into A.. When I preview B by itself works perfect and loads the dynamic text. I'm guessing, somehow it looses the path when B is loaded in A…and it looks like it doesn't even search for it. But again, it works perfect wen i preview the swf by itself..
Don't know what to tell you. I'm a noob when it comes to flash.
Thanks Man, Anybody?...Please!
Here's something to beware of, imagine i have two movies, movie1 and movie2. Movie1 is stored at, for example, www.site.com/movie1.swf – and movie2 and www.site.com/turnips/movie2.swf. If movie2.swf have insturctions to load a file called "turnip.txt", then it will, under testing by itself, find it happily, as turnip.txt is in it's directory. However, once loaded into movie1.swf, it's directory changes, so rather than looking at www.site.com/turnips/turnip.txt – it looks at www.site.com/turnip.txt, and fails to find it. Another possibility is that your dyanamic text box might be referencing a variable on _root. When i load movie2 into movie1, movie2's _root becomes that of movie1, so it will "miss" the variable.
Hello daperson, you are right. my movie2 is referencing variables on _root. This could be the problem! However, I tried deleting _root inside the reference box and previewed movie2. Now, dynamic text won't even load inside movie2. is there another way to fix this other than taking _root out of the box?..
You could keep the _root target but say you're attempting to target the variable called "thisVar" in the loaded movie. You can use an absolute path _root.loadedMovieContainer.thisVar.
What's probably best is if you use a relative path. By using a relative path you can completely avoid all the trouble that absolute paths can give you. If you don't know how relative paths work you could look it up in the help files. It's really quite simple.


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Kohler Command Pro 15 WON'T START. HELP!
Discussion in 'Mechanic and Repair' started by rrev75, Oct 19, 2013.


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NIB Vintage COOPERATIVA LAVOCHKIN LA-15 1/72 001
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: -
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Nov 17, 2014
- Channel: Auction House
You are bidding on a NIB Vintage COOPERATIVA LAVOCHKIN LA-15 1/72 001Please note we purchased an estate with hundreds of different planes new in box (box may not be in perfect condition but all parts are believed to be there, some still factory sealed) please keep checking for future auctions. Will combine shipping upon multiple bid wins ending same day. FREE! Sellers: Add a FREE map to your listings. FREE!


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Imagethirst Family Photography are the Official Photographers to the Portland Hospital for Women and Children in London.
'I have photographed so many newborn babies, I think I could be a midwife!' John Dawson, Imagethirst's main photographer, told us. 'Working with The Portland Hospital for over fourteen years can have that effect, and I have loved every minute of photographing every newborn... even when they are crying!'
John has been taking photographs for over forty years, starting back in 1977 when he was at secondary school in Romford, Essex.
'It was film, a basic SLR camera and access to a darkroom that sparked my interest. The thought of taking a photograph, developing the film and then making a print of the picture the very same day was magical. I still have some of these images and they are priceless to me now I am in my fifties.
If pictures of tree stumps or water coming out of my mum's '70's bathroom taps are highly nostalgic to me forty years later, imagine what images of your own children will be worth to you three decades on. This is why I love what I do. I am creating something tangible, I have stopped time and given so much pleasure to so many families.'
Going from film to digital was an exciting, but worrying time for many photographers and John certainly had his reservations.
'I love the whole "hands on" process of using film. Film made you respect and understand the art, it made you wait for the image, but rewarded you highly. I had my fears of surviving as a professional photographer. Everybody, it seemed, now had access to a camera and was a budding photographer.
What I have found, however, is that people are more appreciative of photography and realise that it is a great deal harder than pointing an auto focus lens and pressing the button. In fact it has made me busier!'
Fast forward to 2002, and The Portland Hospital invited Imagethirst to be their official photographers and John to be their baby and family photographer.
'Having done years of music and commercial photography, I was confident that I could add this to my portfolio, little knowing what a change and profound effect it would have on my life.
To say you are a "baby" photographer (that is taking pictures of, not dressing up as a baby) to your commercial and music photographer colleagues, doesn't sound cool and exciting, but years later I realised that I am photographing the most pure, honest and natural subject on this planet ! Now that IS cool!'
Although John's work has taken him all over the world to many different countries and cultures, he's found that people are basically the same, especially when they are only two weeks old!
'This is very handy; (going back to the crying baby situation) when you know your subject, it's so much easier to get on with the job of photographing them. They cry for a reason, it is their way of communicating that they are either tired, hungry, need winding or their nappy (diaper for my friends in North Carolina) changed. If you resolve these basic issues, you can get on with photographing a content baby.'
We asked John to share his top tips for achieving beautiful newborn photographs that you'll treasure forever...
'New-borns photography beautifully! My two cents is to have the first session before the baby is ten days old. And no, it's never too early. It's just magic! They will only be this little for the shortest of time and the problem with hindsight, is that it's too late. I meet so many parents who say "I wish I had…"
'The first piece of advice I give to parents having a photo shoot is to feed the baby just before we start photographing. Once the baby has finished eating, they can be photographed in the arms or on the shoulder of the parent whilst being "winded". This makes an excellent start to the session, as it is a natural and comfortable act for a parent to do, whilst capturing some superb photographs of a 'milk drunk' baby and his feelings of warmth, happiness and satisfaction.'
'New-borns and infants look just wonderful in their birthday suits, so you don't need much to prepare for it. Bundling them in pale shades and soft blankets and throws. Snug as a bug. These photos are about capturing the pure, so I normally suggest "keeping it simple".'
John still gets the same buzz that he had all those years ago when he first started taking pictures.
'I love the complexity and simplicity of photography. I love the challenge of a difficult situation, I relish seeing the final images and reaction on the parent's face when they see what I have photographed from their session. You might leave the session feeling it was utter chaos, but chaos is creative! And remember, if your photographer is happy, "you are going to be over the moon"!'
You'll find John and the rest of the wonderful Imagethirst team at www.imagethirst.com and if you would like a tête-à-tête, there is nothing they love more.
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I laugh at what they try to call affordable housing in Missoula...I bought a home in 1989 for 64,000 and the same home would sell for $300,000+ now, why? You could rent places for a fair price before they lifted the family definition ordinance. What was projected to assist renters has made our rent prices here a cash cow for landlords and unaffordable for most. If the landlord next door can get five students in a place, each paying $250.00 a month, the the neighbor would raise his rents to cash in too, it has never stopped...pure greed nothing more. The greed of the landlord, homeowners and realtors is the real problem in this town. (the more a realtor can sell the place for the bigger return he gets) You can rent places in major western cities cheaper than here. Crunching more homes in tiny spaces won't solve the problem we have with greed, I said it when I was on the "affordable housing committee" many years ago..There is no affordable housing if you base it on our average income here.
Enough of the second Amendment baloney, no one is taking away your toys..I grew up with guns in everyones homes, but don't remember people carrying them to open meetings or walking around downtown with them trying to make a statement!! Last I remember, people who had guns used them to hunt only...That was when people killed a deer for the winter meat not the trophy.
As for ultra liberals and Christian conservatives, I think your both way off base..nothing gets done as long as no one is a good neighbor..a good neighbor respect and honors others as equals. This country is not just Christian rights nor is it liberal non-believers..last I heard religion was not the basis of our government..but I guess that was before Bush decided he would make new rules. Seems things have gone way out of control. If we as a people don't put a stop to all the hysteria this country will be as vulnerable as all the countries we are currently fighting for (by the way when your in another country fighting for their freedoms, you are not fighting for your country..great PI campaign from Washington but it doesn't make sense)
I think Teen Challenge is a wonderful program, it has helped thousands in a very positive way... but Sarah Palin is not what I consider a great roll model. A very self serving, attention seeking and money hungry individual who could do more right now by stabilizing her own life with her families needs.
Goes to show how much a "mob" can do to control what we hear and do in our everyday lives. How can a media source give balanced, well informed accounts when the "mob" wants everything now without any indepth research other than the outrage of the event. How many times in the history of man has the "mob" mentality wrongly dictated the outcome of how things are protrayed or acted out. What I find interesting is the "mob" is initially a smaller group with a single agenda that has the ability to cause hysteria in others. Every part of that story is a sad reminder of how many are permanently and tragically affected by the "mob" hysteria of a minority. Clearly no winners there...


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Pet Sitter in New York City
Experienced pet sitter/walker, also I am a vet tech w/ 22 years experience. I am available during the day through evenings serving the UES. Will care for all pets, from birds to dogs, 7 days/week. Please contact me for rates and availability. I am able to medicate and administer SQ fluids. Please email at
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Dog Walking
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text: Seller: nowthenandagain1 (4,091) 100%, Location: Windsor, Ontario, Ships to: Worldwide, Item: 182340917824 This is for one Antique Cypress wood and cast iron Lavabo Stand. Well made and probably a product of Italy or France. No problems other than missing the ceramic pieces but in the hands of a skilled artisan one could be made or perhaps purchased to fill the missing pieces. This could also be repurposed in some way for the home. Steampunk artists and modern day "repurposer's" make incredible things out of forgotten and discarded items. Don't let this piece pass you by. Beautiful metal work. I couldn't find any identification on either the top or bottom. Overall measurement of 22 7/8" in length. Bottom metal holder has a measurement of 7 1/2" width at its widest and projects 3 3 3/4". The top capping measures 5" with a projection of 2 7/8". To comply with eBay's SELLING PRACTICES POLICY, Please see the CONDITION DESCRIPTION for any flaws, defects, missing pieces etc Our description refers to the overall condition considering age and material. For any specific details please refer to the numerous photos and/or ask before buying. Items are described to the best of our knowledge. Also note that we obtain our items from Estate, Yard and Auction Sales and as such will show NORMAL amounts of wear and tear. Any Flaws are Listed under eBays SELLING PRACTICES POLICY. All items are carefully examined and cleaned. Any restoration or deep cleaning is left up to the buyer. Anything that is deemed unuseable by us is unsellable to you. ALL IMPORT DUTIES and TAXES ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY of the BUYER. No exceptions AS THEY ARE VINTAGE PLEASE CONSIDER ALL PICTURES AS PART OF THE DESCRIPTIONPlease note that... We DO Ship within CANADA and INTERNATIONALLY. Canadian and International Buyers (outside of the USA) please contact us for accurate shipping rates. The price quoted for CANADIAN SHIPPING may in fact be incorrect as all rates vary from postal code to postal code. We list our items on eBay.com and therefore unable to adjust rates according to postal code.Cost to ship is dependent upon Postal Code for Canadian addresses and Destination Country for International shipments We send ALL of our parcels by the most economical means we have available to us. That usually means that deliveries will take 2 to 3 weeks to reach their destination in the USA. If however you would like your package delivered to you earlier, please let us know and we'll gladly quote you a rate for a quicker method of delivery. Items purchased and paid for are brought to the post office within 24 hours of us having received cleared payment. As a Registered Vendor in the Province of Ontario I am required by law to collect taxes. Canadian Buyers need to include GST to their Payment. If you reside in Ontario you'll need to add 13% for HST. I send out an eBay invoice to the winner within 24 hours of the end of the auction. If I do not hear from the winner, I send out a second invoice 2 - 4 days after the end of the auction. I will wait the full week in hopes of the winner still making contact with me, but after the seventh day I will submit the non-payment form to ebay to start the process to collect my commissions back, and re-list the item. Condition: Stand only., Color: Brown and Black, Maker: Unknown, Material: Wood and Cast Iron


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- 1[transitive, intransitive] tickle (somebody/something) to move your fingers on a sensitive part of someone's body in a way that makes them laugh The bigger girls used to chase me and tickle me. I tickled his feet with a feather. Stop tickling!
- 2[transitive, intransitive] tickle (something) to produce a slightly uncomfortable feeling in a sensitive part of the body; to have a feeling like this His beard was tickling her cheek. My throat tickles. a tickling cough
- 3[transitive] to amuse and interest someone tickle somebody/something to tickle someone's imagination tickle somebody to do something I was tickled to discover that we'd both done the same thing. Idioms
NAmE//ˈtɪkl//Verb Forms present simple I / you / we / they tickle
he / she / it tickles
past simple tickled
-ing form tickling
to be very pleased or amused She was tickled pink to be given flowers.
be tickled pink (informal)jump to other results
to please or amuse someone See if any of these tickle your fancy. If you see something that tickles your fancy, I'll buy it for you.
tickle somebody's fancy (informal)jump to other results
Check pronunciation: tickle


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We at Carolina Luxury Properties* are dedicated to assisting local and international buyers and sellers with luxury properties located in The Cliffs as well as the Greater Greenville, South Carolina area. The Cliffs encompasses 7 master-planned private golf communities located in the foothills of the northwest corner of South Carolina. Greater Greenville includes, but is not limited to, Travelers Rest, Landrum, Seneca, Pickens, Anderson, Spartanburg, and Greenville.
Every decision is centered on developing personal relationships based on honesty, integrity and real estate professionalism. We offer a seasoned sales and listing staff with a combined total of 30+ years experience in Upstate South Carolina. Our goal is to assist you in locating the best values in the right community, whether it's a beautiful lakefront estate or a high end elevation getaway with breathtaking mountain views.
So please, have a look around, and feel free to contact us with any questions you might have about the real estate market or our services. We look forward to assisting you!
OUR LOCATION⎪Greenville SC
Downtown Greenville is ranked No. 4 on Livability.com's
"Top 10 Best Downtowns 2016"
Greenville SC is set among the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwest corner of South Carolina. Greenville and the surrounding Upcountry have more than 500 historic sites, museums, and cultural facilities along with a backdrop of inspirational natural wonders.
With a location approximately halfway between Atlanta, Georgia, and Charlotte, North Carolina, along Interstate 85, Greenville is one of the best places for business and careers according to Forbes magazine.
Come and discover Greenville, South Carolina! Enjoy this short video highlighting Greenville's attractions from the City of Greenville, South Carolina.
*Carolina Luxury Properties is a website by Carolina Mountain Real Estate, LLC
Carolina Luxury Properties by Carolina Mountain Real Estate
Specializing in Luxury Properties of the Carolinas and The Cliffs Real Estate
Listings provided courtesy of the Greater Greenville Association of REALTORS®, Copyright 2017.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Listing information last updated on June 28th, 2017 at 8:46am CDT.


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Pimple scars on face
Hi I am tackling with my acne issues since 5yrs and finally few months back I've recovered.But these acne left my face with some dark spots and large amount of scars too.My skin type is oily and dark .So should I go for dermabrasion?Is it expensive?Is their any alternatives?What's the best method?
Answers (1)
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Hi , avoiding acne scar is always best by using timely medication prescribed by your doctor, once scarring appears there are almost permanent. .dermabrasion, chemical peels, derma roller, lasers ..all of these r common used methods to treat these scars either by single modality or combing few . Laser scar removal is a non-invasive, advanced approach to scar treatment that offers excellent results without the discomfort and downtime of surgery. It uses fractional laser technology to reduce the look of scars without harming surrounding skin. In just a few fast, easy treatment sessions, scars are much less visible. You can contact dermatologist or laser specialist before taking any decision. Good luck
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Twilley Street, Earlsfield SW18
£865,000 Asking price
- House
- Bedrooms: 3
- Reception rooms: 1
- Bathrooms: 2
Property features
Property description
A very charming freehold house with a lovely atmosphere set in an enviable position with its garden backing on to the River Wandle.
This 1209 sq ft house has been extended to offer three bedrooms plus nursery and spacious ground floor accommodation.
Additional information
- Reception room open to
- Kitchen/breakfast room
- Conservatory extension
- Three bedrooms and Nursery
- Bathroom
- En-suite shower room
- 46' Garden
- EPC Rating D
Local authority
Wandsworth Borough Council
- Earlsfield (0.6 miles)


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Enrique Duprat, MD provides surgery in Valley, AL. The most common types of surgeons are: General, Cardiovascular, Otolaryngology, Neurological, Reconstructive, Neonatal and Orthopedic.
Please call Enrique Duprat, MD at (334) 756-8800 to schedule an appointment in Valley, AL or to get more information.
Be the first AL.com user to add photos or videos of Duprat Enrique MD
Duprat Enrique MD can be found at 20th Ave 5211. The following is offered: General Practice Medicine. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Valley there are 8 other General Practice Medicine. An overview can be found here.
Enrique Duprat, MD practices as a Surgeon in Valley, AL.Enrique Duprat, MD graduated from Univ Nac De La Plata, Fac De Cien Med, La Plata, Argentina.


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By: girlfriend
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Flickr via pmillera4
Don't waste money on pricey, store-bought scented drawer liners. Make your own disposable scented sachets by filling a ziplock bag with your favorite potpourri, dried rose petals, or lavender buds. Poke a bunch of tiny holes in the bag with a sewing needle, and place the sachet in your drawers to infuse your clothes with the lovely fresh scent.
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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the site.
This step is optional but will seriously multiply your chances of getting interest from other Christian members on the site. Tell people about yourself, your interests and upload your best photograph.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to find members who meet your criteria. Or just browse through listings of Christian singles and find people that arouse your interest.
Identified someone who looks suitable? Send a note to them or just a wink and see if anything happens. With a little luck you'll be on your way to a once in a lifetime experience.
It only takes a few minutes


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Great photographers often employee great assistants. Ansel Adams hired master darkroom technicians who printed to his exact specifications, and the lush lighting in an Annie Leibovitz portrait is typically achieved by trusted assistants who understand her vision.
Adobe is working to bring photographers of all levels a valued assistant — and the voice of that assistant may sound familiar.
A video produced by Adobe Research shows a man giving voice commands to an iPad to crop a photo and prepare it to post on Facebook. The voice coming from the iPad sounds like Siri as it repeats the photographer's commands.


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From Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
CORRESPONDENCE TO: Valerie W. Rusch, MD, FCCP, Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Miner Family Chair in Intrathoracic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065; e-mail: email@example.com
FINANCIAL/NONFINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: The author has reported to CHEST that no potential conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. See online for more details.
In this issue of CHEST (see page 1299), Lee and colleagues1 examine the validity of a mapping system for lymph nodes proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). They conclude that the definitions for the anatomic location of lymph nodes in the IASLC map accurately predict disease-free survival in patients undergoing resection of non-small cell lung cancer. In a secondary analysis, they suggest that lymph ratio (ie, the number of lymph nodes with metastatic disease over the total number of lymph nodes removed) is an independent prognostic factor for survival. How are these observations relevant to our daily clinical practice, and should we be recording the number of involved lymph nodes rather than anatomic location?
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The spectacle of illegal migrants piling into the back of lorries at Calais has reopened the debate about who is responsible for the numbers seeking to come here. Is it, as the mayor of Calais says, that of the British Government, because the UK exerts such strong pull factors? Or is it, as immigration minister James Brokenshire says, the French authorities' job to deal with security within its borders? The Government is paying the French £12 million over three years to help with security measures. But that is evidently not enough. Plainly, the French authorities have to monitor French borders. The migrant camp at Calais is under its control. So too are checks on vehicles on the French side and responsibility for the conduct of striking workers whose blockade led to yesterday's crisis.
Yet there was already a crisis before the strike provoked these attempts by migrants to scramble on to vehicles. It is part of a European problem. The flow of migrants from Africa and the Middle East to Europe is at unprecedented levels. The latest estimate of the numbers displaced by conflict is 60 million. Yet there is a limit to the European capacity to absorb these numbers. We sympathise with the dreadful conditions that cause people to leave their homes at enormous risk but we cannot take them all.
The crisis must be addressed on several levels. Part is to do with reducing pull factors that induce migrants to come here. But we need greater urgency in dealing with the people traffickers, including the forcible destruction of their vessels. Mr Brokenshire has announced a task force to deal with organised migrant crime. That is a start, but 90 staff are inadequate for this crisis. Britain played a significant part in overthrowing the Gaddafi regime; Libya is now riven by war. Our priority should be to help create a stable government that could play its part in containing the migrant traffic. More importantly, as the Prime Minister has said, our foreign policy and development programmes should be directed against the poverty and repression that force people to flee their homes. But it is a long-term struggle.
A new Clean Air Act
Tessa Jowell, would-be Labour mayoral candidate, has published figures to show that 30 per cent more people die in London from pollution than in the rest of the country. Her rivals are also running with the issue: Sadiq Khan proposes to pedestrianise Oxford Street, which breaches EU nitrogen dioxide limits. It is an issue that has rapidly risen up the political agenda since April's Supreme Court ruling that ministers' plans to clean up our air are insufficient: they have been told to submit revised plans by December.
The Mayor's plans for an Ultra Low Emission Zone in the congestion charge zone from 2020 are positive but campaigners criticise them for not going far enough. And this is a matter for central government too: it is not just London that suffers from filthy air, not least because of successive governments' encouragement of diesel vehicles, which we now know to be highly polluting. We now need a modern-day equivalent of the Clean Air Act 1956, which transformed London's air after the Great Smog of 1952. Only drastic measures can now tackle London's terrible air quality.
Protect cyclists
This week's tragic death of Ying Tao, a young woman cyclist who died in collision with a lorry, highlights the danger to all London cyclists. As our feature today makes clear, women are particularly vulnerable to lorries. Whether by segregated cycle lanes or changing driver behaviour, we have to make our roads safe for cyclists.Reuse content


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Hey guys my names Liam.
I'm starting to get more into FX. Im educated in game art, but recently have gotten a taste for after effects. After watching this video I have become obsessed with emulating the death eater like smoke effects:
I am an advanced user when it comes to maya, and am rather new at After effects. If anyone has any tutorials they know of that would allow me create such an effect please share them here! I'm not scared of learning a new program if need be. THANK YOU


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Pour Moi St Tropez Full Cup Bra Black/Pink
St Tropez full cup bra by Pour Moi. Styled in semi sheer fabric in black.More Details
- St Tropez full cup bra by Pour Moi.
- Styled in semi sheer fabric in black.
- Decorated with elegant embroidered lace and ribbon bow detail in pink.
- Underwired cups, adjustable straps. Fastens with two hooks, three columns.
- 78% Polyamide, 8% Viscose, 2% Polyester, 12% Elastane
- Money Back Guarantee
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Returns and Exchanges Policy
- Returns must be made within 30 days of purchase.
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- Items marked as "non-returnable" can not be returned. This does not affect your statutory rights.
- A full refund, including delivery, can only be provided if the items are faulty or if the order has been cancelled (by telephone or written request) within 14 days.
Complete the Look
Product Reviews
Anonymous, 07-02-2017
Poor fit too small. Very easy to return & obtain refund.
Miah Powell, 15-11-2016
Good quality nice to have a big cup with a small band that is actually pretty!
Anonymous, 26-10-2016
Excellent fit good material
rosemary parara, 26-10-2016
Great fit and very pretty
Anonymous, 16-09-2016
Good for and lovely fabric.
claire, 07-07-2016
Perfect fit love the colour and style
Charlotte, 14-06-2016
Lovely fitting bra and good quality
jessica, 11-04-2016
Fits like a glove, comfortable with no visable bulges
rachel, 06-04-2016
Good quality and a great fit
Doreen, 02-03-2016
This style gives an excellent shape and support for a 32FF cup.
Have bought this one in several colours. So pretty.
Diane Crew, 27/08/2015 08:52
This set was a present for my daughter and she absolutely loved it. She said it fitted perfectly and was so pretty
Hayley, 10/11/2014 10:34
Big fan of this bra, as I have it in a few other colours. Pour Moi are great quality. I LOVE the colours on this, it's so feminine and sexy.


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Product Description
Plaid is simply a must-have for your fall wardrobe - check out this classic and versatile piece! We love the bright red, navy, and white plaid print, plus this blouse is lightweight enough that you can enjoy it during any weather that fall brings! It also has two pockets on the front, has buttons all along the front, and long sleeves that have buttons to roll up the sleeves and secure them at the elbow. And did we mention the incredibly soft fabric? It's so comfy! You can rock this blouse with our Black Ankle Leggings and our Ashley Boots in Chestnut for a classic fall look! Or, for a chic twist on a warmer day, wear it with our Madison Extreme Distressed Machine Jeans paired with our Black Layering Camisole!


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Mma package
Is there any package in mathematica to plot implicit surfaces
using contour plot method. Until now I used a ray tracing
program, But I like to do it using Mathematica.( I am just
started to write programs using Mathematica)
suthan at cs.hw.ac.uk


text: Drop it MODERN Snap iPhone Case, Black $14.99 $29.95 + Free Shipping Adorama Coupons See Deal About this Deal Protect your iPhone 4 in style with this retro camera case. Flag this deal Edit deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Comments (2) Dexterous Feb 12, 2013 OMG I thought its camera lol Reply Cancel xrjohn Feb 13, 2013 It does look like one, doesn't it? It's kind of cool. Reply Cancel Load More Comments


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This apartment complex offer all the facilities and servicies to enjoy a confortable and unforgettable holidays near the sea. The complex complete the facilities with pool, gardens, private parking, public telephone at the reception and weekly cleaning.
This pleasant complex is located on the coastal road between Sanxenxo and O Grove. Links to the public transport network can be found directly beside the hotel and it is just 400 m to the Playa de Paxari�as. The centre of Portonovo with its many shopping venues, restaurants, bars, pubs and nightclubs is just 2 km away whilst the centre of Sanxenxo is around 3 km from the hotel. The bus station is 3 km away, the train station 18 km. It is approximately 50 km to the Vigo airport.
The welcoming apartments have 1 or 2 bedrooms with a lounge, a bathroom with a shower, and some of the with terrace and sea views. All the apartments comes with a kitchenette, fridge, microwave, iron, central heating, washing machine, TV, sofa-bed and coffee maker.
Leisure options include a swimming pool around which sun loungers and parasols have been laid out ready for use.
Room Facilities: