text:
Our goal is to make our server safe and comfortable for all ages, from our youngest players (age 8) to our oldest players (40+). To do this, we enforce strict but fair rules on the community. We ask that you take the time to familiarize yourself with them as they are an important part of gameplay and will save you a lot of trouble in the long run.
The Rules
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- X-ray and flying are immediate PERMANENT bans.
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Should you find yourself wrongfully warned or muted or would like to talk about your recent offense, you can contact us on our contact page.


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THE FACTS: Tony Parker and Gary Neal each scored 22 points to lead the San Antonio Spurs to a 110-99 victory over the Milwaukee Bucks on Wednesday night at AT&T Center.
It was the seventh win in the last eight games for the Spurs (15-4), who also got 17 points and 10 rebounds from Tim Duncan and a 12-rebound performance off the bench from Matt Bonner.
The Bucks got 21 points from Monta Ellis and 17 points off the bench from Ersan Ilyasova. Milwaukee (8-9) dropped below .500 for the first time this season. The Bucks have lost seven of their last nine.
QUOTABLE: "We were playing really slow the first three quarters of the game, and the second group in the [fourth quarter] pushed the ball up and down, drove, kicked it and got good shots. We've said it all along -- we think everybody on the roster can step up any night and contribute and help us win ball games, and that's what we're doing right now. We have to grind it out, play a 48-minute game, insert cliché here, and that's how we do it.."
-- Matt Bonner
THE STAT: The Spurs starting backcourt of Parker and Neal outscored the Bucks' starters of Ellis and Brandon Jennings, 44-35. But the more telling mark came in shooting the ball. The Parker-Neal combo went 13-for-27 (48 percent) compared to Ellis-Jennings at 10-for-34 (29 percent).
The Spurs also outrebounded Milwaukee 53-36.
TURNING POINT: It was a tie game heading into the fourth quarter, and Spurs coach Gregg Popovich sent out a lineup of Neal along with reserves Bonner, James Anderson, Nando De Colo and Tiago Splitter against a Bucks lineup that included Ellis, Jennings and Ilyasova. The Spurs went on a 17-3 run with those five players and led 93-79 with seven minutes to go.
QUOTABLE II: "They brought in their second unit and De Colo really got them going with his passing. They just went on a run and we couldn't get back in the game."
-- Bucks coach Scott Skiles
HOT: Splitter finished the night 7-for-9 from the floor. He was 5-for-5 in the fourth when the Spurs outscored Milwaukee 34-23. Splitter is 23-for-37 (63 percent) during the past five games.
NOT: Ellis had his first double-double of the season (11 assists along with the 21 points), although he shot 5-for-19 from the floor; he was 10-for-11 from the foul line. Ellis hasn't shot 50 percent from the floor in five games, and is 24-for-73 (33 percent) during that stretch.
FANTASY SPOTLIGHT: Parker turned the ball over seven times, but he had 10 assists to go along with his 22 points. He matched Ellis with a 10-for-11 night from the foul line.
GOOD MOVE: The Spurs reserves have been hot lately, almost winning a game at Miami and sparking a comeback Saturday against Memphis. So, the Spurs rolled with them. In fact, De Colo and Splitter played the entire fourth quarter while Duncan sat the entire time.
BAD MOVE: Skiles was able to pair Ilyasova and Samuel Dalembert effectively in the first half, and the pair went a combined 10-for-13. Ilyasova was especially productive, going 7-for-10 for 17 points in 15 ½ minutes. But that got away from the Bucks after halftime. Ilyasova didn't even play three minutes in the third quarter, and the pair went 1-for-5 in the second half.
ROOKIE WATCH: De Colo played 17 minutes and went 3-for-4 with a 3-pointer, had two assists with no turnovers and seven points.
NOTABLE: Bonner's 12-rebound night was his best since a career-high 17 in December 2007. ... The Spurs started the game by missing their first 11 shots, but had a lead 5:49 into the first quarter. ... The Spurs picked up two more injuries this week with starting swingman Danny Green (left hamstring tightness) and Patty Mills (right ankle sprain). The Spurs already were without starting small forward Kawhi Leonard (left quadriceps tendonitis) and Stephen Jackson (right little finger fracture). ... Mike Dunleavy went back on the Bucks injured list with a left knee bruise, missing tonight's game. He had missed a game last week with the injury yet played 20 minutes in the last game at New Orleans before the soreness returned.
UP NEXT: For the Bucks, Friday vs. Charlotte, Sunday @ Brooklyn, Wednesday vs. Sacramento. For the Spurs, Friday vs. Houston, Saturday @ Charlotte, Monday @ Houston.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Quick Details
- Place of Origin: Guangdong, China (Mainland)
- Brand Name: Showall
- Model Number: HL001
- Material: ABS plastic
- Size: 2.8" 92.5mm*41.5mm*14mm
- Technology: E-paper and dot-matrix display
- Visual angle: 175°
- Working temperature: 0~40℃
- Language: English, Chinese
- Battery: Button battery
- Battery Life: 5-7 years
- Description: Display supermarket color digital esls electronic shelf tag labels
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details:
|General export packing
|Delivery Detail:
Display supermarket color digital esls electronic shelf tag labels
Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) is an electronic display unit that can be used to replace the traditional paper price label. The ESL system includes an active RFID system and any existing POS system. We can provide the active tags (the label), base station (tag reader and antenna) and the middleware.
Description and advantages:
1. Two-way high speed RF transmission to ensure transmission efficiency and accuracy.
2. Automatic price and content changing system by real time synchronizing with POS database.
3. Reduce artificial mistakes and improve information management to better increase company reputation.
4. 5 years long life energy and cost saving.
5. Environmental protection, without too much material waste.
6. High-end design, increase customer's purchase desire
Operational Schema
It includes 3 parts: A: Electronic shelf label B: RF Base Station C: software
Using the software to control the Base Station. The base station will send signal to the Electronic shelf label.
A: Electronic shelf label
A: Electronic shelf label Specification
Complete label: 92.5* 41.5*14mm
Active display: 66* 25.5mm
Diagonal: 70.5mm resp. 2.8''
Display mode: reflecting, no back lights, paper like reading performance, and good vision
Low power: Zero-power consumption to keep the display information
Display format: Dot Matrix display
Multi-languages enabled and can show complex information and barcode
Gray levels: 4
Color: Solo
Outdoor performance: readable under direct light
High contrast
Horizontal/vertical usage
Update: approx. 1000 changes per 10 minutes per E- Station. 10.000-20.000 updates with more E-Station
Background update: any E-Tag can be updated at any time
Operating conditions
Temperature range 0℃ to 50℃
RS245*2, 5 years battery life
Reflect contrast
(Minolta CM2300D)
Whiteness Reflect
(Minolta CM2300D)
Visual angle
B: RF Base Station
B: RF Base Station Specification
1.Two ways communication date encryption base station
2.E-station is an important information hub for connecting servers and E-Tag terminal,reflesh command issued by the base station recieves the the server through the network cable and display date wirelessly transmit information to the E-Tag terminal , to achieve the E-Tag display controll.
3. Accroding to the definition of the internetional telecommunication union radio communications agency.
4. Communication protocol based on the Internetional radio frequency scheme,can cover the world's major countries and regions.
5. Communication solutions,fast response,stable,reliable,low power consumption ,strong anti-interference,covering a wide range,fit for multi-terminal nodes and complex business environment scene
C: software
C: software Specification
Including software, manual, introduction, controls in the USB flash drive
Samples are available
Display supermarket color digital esls electronic shelf tag labels
Case picture:
For more information about the sample, price, packing and shipment. Please contact me:
ATTN:Alex Zhang Mobile:+86-13600365990 Skype:alex.zhangchangli
Thank you!


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On July 29 Moody's Investors Service raised Vietnam's sovereign rating citing the country's emerging track record of macroeconomic stability. The rating service company cited an improving balance of payments and rising foreign-exchange reserves. The rating firm said it raised the senior unsecured and issuer bond ratings of Vietnam by one notch, to B1 from B2, with a stable outlook. The new rating is four notches below Investment grade. Moody's also raised the Southeast Asian nation's long-term foreign currency bond ceiling to Ba2 from B1, and its long-term foreign currency deposit ceiling to B2 from B3.The firm also raised Vietnam's local currency country risk ceiling to Ba1 from Ba2.
Vietnam's economic growth is heavily dependent on loans, and Moody's in early July cautioned that increasing bad debts could significantly undermine the resilience of Vietnam's banking sector. The country is aiming for gross domestic product growth of 5.8% this year compared with last year's growth of 5.42%. The country continues to be one of the leaders in agricultural exports though, and is ranked second in rice, second in coffee, and first in cashew exports worldwide.
This rating upgrade has sparked a renewed search for Southeast Asia's lowest valuations and improved economic growth outlook.
On August 9, Bloomberg reported that frontier-market equity funds are placing significant amount of capital in the country at a rapid pace. It was reported that overseas money managers bought a net US$277.1 million of the country's shares, which is 5.3% more than the whole of 2013. The result has been a 20% increase in the benchmark VN Index. What is interesting and attractive is that even after the gains, the VN Index is valued at only 13.7 times projected 12 month earnings, the least among the six major Southeast Asian markets. After the anti-China Protests in May the government devalued the local currency, the Dong, to spur shipments. Many fund managers continue to add to holdings, believe that exports will increase and the balance of trade will improve.
In terms of opportunities to trade in the markets there are limited US dollar securities or ADRs. In fact, the country will only have its first domestic ETF sometime next month. There is a Euro denominated DBX tracker and there is an attractive iShares MSCI Frontier-market fund (NYSEARCA:FM) that has Vietnamese holdings. I do think that fund is attractive and has good upside but it is not a "pure" play on Vietnam and has many other frontier countries amongst its holdings including Kuwait, Nigeria and Argentina to name a few. The only US listed fund is the Market Vectors Vietnam Fund (NYSEARCA:VNM).
According to Yahoo Finance the investment seeks to relocate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the Market Vectors Vietnam Index. The fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in securities of Vietnamese companies. A company is generally considered to be a Vietnamese company if it is incorporated in Vietnam or is incorporated outside of Vietnam but generates at least 50% of its revenues (or, in certain circumstances, has at least 50% of its assets) in Vietnam. The fund is non-diversified.
I would prefer a pure play with all local Vietnamese companies and in US dollars, but VanEck Global, the fund's introducer has done a good job of selecting companies. Under the "Market Vectors" brand name, the fund tracks the index. According to VanEck, the index is a rules-based, modified market-capitalization weighted, float-adjusted index comprised of publicly traded companies that are domiciled and primarily listed in Vietnam or that generate the majority of their revenue in Vietnam. The index is rebalanced quarterly, with the fund distributing annually.
The ETF has local Vietnamese companies such as Vingroup JSC, Masan Group Corp., Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam JSC, and PetroVietnam Technical Services Corp. amongst others. With $587.6M total net assets, it has achieved an approximately 11.40% return year to date and one year of 15.22% with a yield of approximately 2.82%. The fund, as an ETF, has a low Net Expense Ratio of .72%. It is trading just slightly below its NAV at this time. The fund was trading at $21.88 +.20 on August 15. Its year high is $23.15 which it hit on February 26. Based upon the flow of funds into Vietnam and the continuing of exports, we look for a six month target of $25.00 for a total return including an approximate dividend of $.59 of approximately 17.0%. We also look for continued growth into the later part of 2015 and recommend the ETF as a strong buy in a very attractive frontier market.
Disclosure: The author has no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. The author wrote this article themselves, and it expresses their own opinions. The author is not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). The author has no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


text:
*From the Departments of Thoracic Medicine (Drs. Halabi and Convery) and Radiology (Dr. Curtis), University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK.
Correspondence to: Sahar Halabi, MD, Aintree Chest Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Rd, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
A 49-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of progressive breathlessness on exertion and occasional hemoptysis. She had complained of intermittent pleuritic pain, which had deteriorated prior to hospital admission. She received lamotrigine and sodium valproate for epilepsy. On examination, she had a raised erythematous facial rash. She was afebrile, normotensive, and had a normal peripheral pulse. Examination of her chest revealed no abnormality.
ECG findings were normal. Arterial blood gas indexes on room air were as follows: pH, 7.39; Pco2, 34 mm Hg; Po2, 90 mm Hg; HCO3−, 25.6 mmol/L; hemoglobin, 9.0 g/dL, WBC count, 13.7 × 109 g/dL; and platelets, 1,158 × 109/L. Urea and electrolyte levels were normal.
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Ramnagar is a town that is referred to as the gateway to the Corbett National Park. It serves as a municipal board of the Nainital District and was established by H. Ramsay between 1856 and 1884. Earlier, this place was known as Ahichhatra and was the capital of Northern Panchala during the time of Mahabharata.
This town is also an entrance point for Chamoli and western Kumaon. It is famous for old tea gardens, which were developed by the British. Besides, the litchi farming of Ramnagar has gained immense popularity worldwide. There are many lodges and hotels available at this place, for tourists to stay.
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text:
Sorry you had problems. My P40 has been very reliable with everything except Hornady XTP 155's. Good luck.
I recently bought a PM40 and frankly folks I am so upset about it I have started a blog.
The amount of money I have spent on this gun in buying and then in trying to find reliable hollowpoints is shamefull. The gun has been back to them once and shoots ball ammo now but I can't carry that.
I really WANT to carry this gun but I do not think Kahr could give a rats ass. They have already come out with a PM45. Now what makes these fools think that a 45 in those dimensions with that chew toy quality polymer is gonna work. Fact is nothing, they know it wont work and they don't care.
Sorry you had problems. My P40 has been very reliable with everything except Hornady XTP 155's. Good luck.
Interesting. With the exception of having to replace the magazine catch, my Kahr has run great for well over 6000 rounds. I don't have a polymer one, I have the Stainless pistol.
I don't mean to be rude here, but have you considered that it may not be the gun? What kind of hollowpoints are you using? Are you using hotter ammo with the hollow points vs the ball ammo?
Generally speaking, hollow point ammo, or defense ammo is loaded a little hotter. Is there more recoil with the hollow points that may be changing the dynamics of how you shoot it?
I've shot hydrashocks and speer gold dots thru mine with no hickups.
It may very well be that the polymer frame may require you to get a better grip (not harder, better) on the pistol with hotter ammo.
What grain bullets are you using? The Kahrs are way over springed, so you might need a heavier bullet to cycle the weapon reliably.
What kind of jams are you having? Short stroke? Stovepipe? Extraction problems? Need more info please.
Just trying to trouble shoot for you considering your investment.
Last edited by zhurdan; 10-03-2008 at 02:34 PM.
After reading your web page, I think your temperament may be better suited to revolvers.
In your email you're basically threatening to boycott Kahr products if they don't tell you which HP to use... niiice.
Sounds like you need to get something else.
Bigger pistols generaly work more reliably than extra small ones and can be carried concealed.
How many rounds do you have through the gun? Did you break the gun in appropriately before attempting to use hollow points? As mentioned above, what kind of jams are you having? What exactly are the problems?
I live in the world of computers and software where the overwhelming benefits and emotional excitement allows vendors to stick it to the customer hard and they take it. I think this has had a triclkle down into other items. People tolerate junk more. Think back a few years and ask your self, if Khar had started business say in the 40's how long do you think it would take for them to be out of business? Not long in my opinion. Things are different these days but when it comes to a gun to protect myself with I am unforgiving. The situation does not allow compromise.
All that speaks to your questions on grip and such, I have been through all of that and tried everything. My beef with Khar is that they sold me a gun that requires all kinds of back flips and shit to make it work. I bought a self protection gun and what I got was a "project gun for a hobbyist". This company needs to man up and tell me what hollow point this gun will reliably shoot (and I know they know). Everybody knows they sell a spotty product, they need to own that.
Currently my main carry, once my ccw permit comes in, will be a Springfield XD40 sub compact backed up by a LCP in the pocket. I have found both to be 100% reliable.
Just a thought...
Try not lubricating it, or lubricating it very, very sparingly.
I know it sounds strange, but some guns work better on very little lube, and some gun owners tend to over-lubricate.
Try it and see if it helps.
Let me know.
I can't wait to see Kahr's response to this!
Ill try that.
Too bad Kahr could not respond to my email at all. I guess they are using the gun community as crowdsourcing by stonewalling
I sent them an email with some suggestions you can read it here. But as before I don't anticipate a response. I don't thing they care.
Pretty stern email there,
What's the feed ramp like on this thing? Can it be polished? Have you tried watching to see exact;y where it hangs? is thee a ridge the HP catches on?
It sounds to me like it just hung up and you said well hell and moved to different ammo that is pretty much the same shape and still looked confused. If you can't get someone to help you...then get to looking at it yourself. If it's a hanging round it has to be hanging pretty much the same place. If you can see where then you may be able to solve your own problem.
Out of just about any company a dog might slip out. I really don't know much about that brand of gun and have no idea what the warantee is on those things. If they have one rather keep sending it back or if you're tired of that you may just have to take the hit and move on. It happens sometimes.
Hmmm...Feed ramp...didn't think of that...
DevilsJohnson (love that name) suggests polishing the feed ramp. Good idea. Do it right, though.
Do not take a Dremel tool to it!
Take the barrel out of the gun, stuff a wad of paper into the chamber area to keep the barrel clean, wrap some medium-grit emery paper or cloth around a pencil or a dowel, and rub the ramp only in the direction in which the bullet goes. That is, only polish up and in toward the chamber, and then down and back out again, keeping the pencil or dowel flat against the feed ramp. Do not roll the dowel or rub from side to side. Only go up and down.
When the sanding marks are visible, switch to the next finer (higher number) grit, and do it again until finer marks are visible. Switch to the next finer grit and do it some more, and keep switching grits until you're up into rouge-cloth country. The ramp should now be mirror bright.
Remove the paper barrel plug and use a good cleaner spray to make sure all possible grit is flushed away. Run a brush, and then several patches, through the barrel.
Now see if it feeds better.
Oh, and by the way, round-nose bullets are almost as good for self-defense as HPs are. It's where you've hit, and how often you've hit, that does the most toward deciding the issue, not with what you've hit.
Uhyup..that'll do it
lol..Got the name from a band I played in some years back before I got old and uncool
I Got Rid Of My Pm9 Today Because It Did Not Chamber A Round Smoothly When Re Loading. Only 1 Out Of 6 Magazines Worked Smoothly. I Went Through The Break In Period And Tried Various Ammo. Bought A Glock 26, Much Smoother Gun. I Own S&w And Now Glock, Much Better Guns. I Was Afraid That My Kahr Would Get Me Killed If I Ever Encountered A Bad Guy. Just My .02 Worth.
My wifes PM9 has been 100% reliable. We are both really happy with how it performs.


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What happens to marriage and families when the law recognises Same-Sex Marriage?
- Hope May
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 What happens to marriage and families when the law recognises Same-Sex Marriage? Experience of legalising marriage for same-sex couples in Europe and North America Executive Summary The claim that same-sex marriage * dilutes or even abolishes the institution of marriage is often countered by the claim that opening up marriage to same-sex couples will actually strengthen the institution. It is claimed that same-sex marriage will thus serve the common good as well as promoting equality. This paper examines the evidence for these claims. Patricia Morgan is a leading researcher on family policy and author of numerous books and scholarly papers on marriage and the state. She has researched the effect on marriage when same-sex marriage legislation is introduced. She has produced the following paper for SPUC based on research and data from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Canada the US, and concludes that: As marriage is redefined to accommodate same-sex couples, this reinforces the idea that marriage is irrelevant to parenthood. Same sex marriage leads to the casualisation of heterosexual unions and separation of marriage and parenthood. Spain saw a pronounced acceleration in the decline of marriage following the introduction of same-sex marriage (same-sex marriage was introduced at the same time as the express divorce bill ). Across all countries analysed no causal link has been established to support the idea that same-sex marriage prevents marital decline. In the move to same-sex marriage, opposite-sex relationships have to conform to gay norms rather than vice-versa. A publicly professed, legal, partnership does not prevent homosexual couples from breaking up more frequently than married heterosexual couples.
2 Experience with same-sex partnerships/marriage legislation tends to suggest that availability is all, and participation more or less irrelevant to sexual minorities. Same-sex marriage may be the end-game of long-running anti-marriage, anti-family policy typified by Sweden. Same-sex marriage may begin the process of severing marriage from family in otherwise family-friendly societies such as Spain and the Netherlands. Same-sex marriage triggers dismemberment of family structures in familyfriendly societies. *Note: We introduce the term same-sex marriage with quotation marks because it is not really marriage but in the text we ask the reader to take the distinction as read.
3 What happens to marriage and families when the law recognises Same- Sex Marriage? The case for (and against) the rejuvenation argument. 1. Part of the argument for equal marriage especially from conservatives - is how homosexuals are eager to get married and, as they do so, this will increase and strengthen heterosexual marriage. At a time when many heterosexuals are spurning the idea of marriage, here is a section of society positively lobbying for the right to respect and continue the institution. Perhaps gay marriage will encourage more straight people back on to the marital path. (Douglas Murray, D Gay rites. The Spectator ) Homosexuals will be missionaries to the wider society and make it stronger (Home Secretary Teresa May reported: Daily Telegraph ). As homosexuals increase the marriage rate, we are told, this will have a profound effect on social problems, saving us all much tribulation, tears and treasure. the most significant driver of social instability and poverty [is] family breakdown... Backing marriage... would encourage strong and stable families, and tackle the social breakdown that fuels poverty. (Skelton, D and Flint, R ed Gibbs, B What s In A Name? 2012 Policy Exchange Quoting the Centre for Social Justice, p.22) Homosexuals will, we are told, bring back foundational marital virtues in danger of being lost. Same sex marriage promises to be a force for revival which will: strengthen rather than undermine the institution of marriage and valuable notions of commitment, fidelity and responsibility (Skelton, D and Flint, R ed Gibbs, B What s In A Name? 2012 Policy Exchange. p.60) Any claim that giving marital rights to gay couples will: undermine heterosexual marriage is based on the consistent misuse and misinterpretation of data. (Lee Badgett, M. V Will Providing Marriage Rights to Same- Sex Couples Undermine Heterosexual Marriage? Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2004 Vol. 1 ( 3) pgs. 1-10) 2. Following on this optimism, suggestions are that marriage rates have remained stable or even grown in countries that have enacted (either or both) partnerships and marriage. Constant rates are not, of course, the same as rising rates. What is available? 3. In the Nordic countries civil unions or registered partnerships have been available for the longest time - Denmark from 1989; Norway from 1993 and Sweden from The UK introduced civil partnerships in 2005.
4 Norway moved to gender-neutral marriage in Sweden followed in 2009 and imposed its law virtually overnight without consultation. Since marriage, particularly in Sweden, has long had little or no recognition or status, partnership morphed seamlessly into marriage and the two have been treated de facto and, for all intents and purposes, as virtually identical both before and after the transition. Initially, the exceptions for partnerships were that these did not bestow a right to marry in a state church, adopt children or access reproductive technologies. Afterwards, while there were faith groups no longer willing and able to continue to act as a state agent in the form of religious ceremonies of confirmation the Church of Sweden grumbled but complied in this highly conformist society and created a gender neutral liturgy as they lost independent solemnizing powers. The state is supreme and once the applicable legal framework has been established, this framework is alone decisive. 1 The country's parliament voted through the new law on same-sex marriage by a large majority, making it mandatory for all churches to conduct gay marriages. Similarly, Churches in Denmark were obliged to carry out same sex weddings in If individual priests refuse to carry out the ceremony, the local bishop must arrange a replacement for their church. 4. The Netherlands first introduced same sex marriage in 2001, followed by Belgium in both countries created civil partnerships a few years earlier. The Netherlands was unsure that paternity could be ascribed to a non-generative parent, and made it necessary for the partner of a mother to adopt any child they both regarded as their own. Same-sex marriage in Spain and Canada followed in 2005; dispensing with civil unions as a prelude to marriage. France introduced PACS or civil contracts in 1999 which gave limited rights to cohabiting couples, regardless of gender. In 2004, a mayor conducted a same sex marriage ceremony and a court nullified the union, but there is movement towards same sex marriage going on at present. 5. Since 1997, when Hawaii became the first state in the US to allow reciprocal-beneficiary registration for same-sex couples, 19 states and the District of Columbia have granted some form of legal recognition to same sex relationships. The variants include marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and reciprocal-beneficiary relationships. Most prominently, there have been civil unions in Vermont (2000), domestic partnerships in California (1999) and marriage in Massachusetts (2004). 6. In the move to same sex marriage, opposite sex relationships have to conform to gay norms, rather than vice versa, since matters pertaining to complementary sexes cannot apply to those of the same sex. For example: Spanish birth certificates record progenitor A
5 and progenitor B rather than mother and father. In Canada, the concept of natural parent has been erased from law - for every child and every couple - with court rulings that children could have three parents. Sweden has also moved to eliminate the words boy and girl in return for one neutral word. Have gays rushed to make partnerships or marry? 7. Since same-sex marriage has only recently been legalized in a handful of countries, data on how the laws have affected marriage rates for heterosexuals or homosexuals - is limited. In discussions of same sex marriage, one of the questions rarely asked is How interested are gay couples in actually getting married? 8. In the Netherlands, which has had same-sex marriage as a legal option for the longest period (since 2001), 2% - 6% of homosexuals entered marriages in the first five years; much the same as Belgium. 2 One in three Dutch homosexual couples living together had their relationships officially registered by with nearly 11,000 married and more than 6,000 in registered partnerships. Survey data suggest that 2.8% and 1.4% of Dutch men and women are gay or lesbian. The population of the Netherlands is just over sixteen and a half million; indicating that the homosexual population is approximately two thirds of a million a high estimate. There are claims that same sex marriage in the Netherlands is actually declining in popularity: 2,500 gay couples married in the year it was legalized - dropping to 1,800 in 2002, 1,384 in 2010 and 1,355 in 2011 with a 52 fold difference with the heterosexual marriage total of 70,217. By 2009, less than 2 per cent of marriages were between same-sex couples. The number registering partnerships varies between 400 and 600 per year. 9. Researchers remark how, their first observation is that the incidence of same-sex marriage in Norway and Sweden is not particularly impressive. 3 For the 1,293 partnerships contracted in Norway in , 196,000 heterosexual marriages were entered; indicating a ratio of around 7 new same-sex unions to every 1,000 marriages. In almost 20% of Norwegian registered partnership over the 1990s, one partner had been previously married and in least 16% of the cases, one was also a parent, although not very likely to be living with their children. 4 In Sweden, there were 1,526 partnerships entered during compared to 280,000 heterosexual marriages - a ratio of 5 to 1,000. It is suggested that one to
6 five per cent of the homosexual population contract a civil partnership or marry, with trend data indicating that - as elsewhere - numbers tend to decrease after an initial burst (reflecting pent up demand). In the years a cumulative total of 2168 partnerships were registered in Denmark, encompassing 1.7% of the homosexual population In the UK, approximately 53,417 civil partnerships have been formed since December Numbers fell from 16,106 in 2006 to 8728 in 2007 to 6281 in 2009, with a rise to 6795 in when less than one person per 1,000 unmarried adults aged 16 and over entered into a civil partnership in England and Wales. No. of civil partnerships in UK by quarter of occurrence Source: Office for National Statistics 11. The most recent U.S. Census data reveal that, in the last 15 years, 150,000 same-sex couples have taken advantage of official unions - equivalent to around one in five of the self-identified same-sex couples in the United States. This number is not just low because only a few states have allowed full marriage. In the first four years when same sex marriage has been an option in Massachusetts, there was an average of only about 3,000 per year - including many who came from out of state. Overall, same sex households have increased in the US - from 358,000 same-sex (married or unmarried) partner households in 2000 to 646,000 plus in the 2010 census (roughly 131,729 married couple and 514,735
7 same-sex unmarried partner households). They accounted for 0.6 per cent or less than one per cent of all households in the US The period in which same-sex marriage has been available in Canada varies from province to province all maintain their own statistics with national legislation taking effect in July Depending on the province, it seems that between 0.15% and 14% of Canadian homosexuals have entered marriages. As elsewhere, the rate trails off over time. 13. Experience with same sex partnerships/marriage tends to bear out claims that availability or the right is all and participation more or less irrelevant to sexual minorities. There is little or no difference in take-up between marriage and registered partnerships. In places that have one or both and significant numbers of homosexuals, there has been no groundswell. From the beginning, the debate over marriage has not necessarily hinged on its popularity among the eligible, with advocates of same sex unions insisting that equality was not a numerical proposition. It is the mere existence of a right to marry which is important, irrespective of whether anyone partakes of it or not. This has tended to be ignored by naïve heterosexual supporters, who believe they are speaking for reticent homosexuals desperate to share in a heterosexual privilege. Splitting Up. 14. When same sex couples do get married, they are more likely than their heterosexual equivalents to change their minds later. A publicly professed, legal partnership does not prevent homosexual couples from breaking up more frequently than married heterosexual couples. 7 We might have predicted low separation rates with the advent of same sex unions, as only the most eager and committed would be the first to move in together but this is not so Longitudinal Swedish and Norwegian data on 2,819 homosexual and 222,000 opposite-sex marriages included information on characteristics such as age, geographic background, as well as experience of previous opposite-sex marriage, parenthood and education. Breakdown rates in Norway revealed that same-sex male couples were 1.5 times more likely ( and same sex female couples were 2.67 more likely) to break up compared to heterosexual unions: within five years 20% of male and 30% of female same sex unions were terminated, compared to 13% for heterosexuals. Similarly in Sweden, male unions are 50% more likely to end in divorce than heterosexual marriages and the risk for female partnerships is nearly double
8 that for men. Comparison with childless unions leaves this unchanged as do controls for various demographic and socioeconomic differences. 9 The instability of same sex unions has been labelled dynamism to indicate superiority to the inertia of marital stability - a dynamism attributed to the lack of clear power structures which supposedly oppress opposite sex relationships. 16.In the Netherlands, there have been 1,078 same sex divorces up to two thirds were by females and a similar pattern is present elsewhere, as in Massachusetts and Sweden. 10 This follows the heterosexual pattern, where more females than males instigate divorce. Previously, a study compared same-sex cohabiters, different sex cohabiters and different sex married couples in the Netherlands between 1989 and 1999 (after which same sex partners could move into same sex marriages). The dissolution rate for same-sex cohabitation was 12 times higher than the rate for different-sex marriage and three times higher than the rate for opposite sex cohabitation. 11 The breakdown rates here were higher for male unions. Dissolutions appear to be increasing for UK civil partnerships, with a 28.7% rise between 2010 and Again, female dissolutions are double those of male. No. of civil partnership dissolutions in the UK, by quarter of occurrence, Source: Office for National Statistics
9 17. A Vermont study compared same sex partners in civil unions, those outside unions and heterosexually married siblings. It was hypothesized that lesbian and gay male couples in civil unions would be more similar in monogamy to married heterosexual couples than to same-sex couples not in civil unions. 12 Non-monogamy was reported by over one-half of homosexual men in both types of couples (compared with 15.2% of married heterosexual men). A half of the homosexual men in civil unions and one-third of those not in civil unions had an agreement that sex outside their relationship was permissible, compared with 5% or fewer lesbian and heterosexual couples. This did not prevent homosexual men having extra-relational sex regardless. With or without such an agreement there is no sign that considerable conflict has been avoided by such arrangements. 18. There are a couple of features of Scandinavian unions that warrant mention: i. High death rates - seen in the early years of same sex unions in Denmark, 13 plus the way that partners have also been, on average, considerably older than corresponding opposite-sex spouses in Norwegian and Swedish data. 14 This suggests that matters of inheritance as much or more than home building may be uppermost. ii. High rates of non-national partners, suggesting that many same sex unions serve immigration purposes - particularly for male partnerships. Sweden is considered one of the most globalised countries. In the last few decades, the potential marriage market has increased dramatically, with increasing numbers of migrants living in Sweden, along with Swedes who travel, work or study abroad, and the rise of internet usage In Norway, 43% of male partnerships included a non-norwegian citizen and 45% in Sweden. It is part of a wider process, where about three out of 10 Norwegian marriages involve one or two persons with immigrant backgrounds. A total of 13.5% of Norwegian marriages in mid-decade were between a man without and a woman with an immigrant background, and 7% between a woman without and a man with an immigrant background. 16 The probability of marrying spouses from outside the European Union has doubled for native Swedish women and quadrupled for men in less than 20 years and many will not have met in Sweden. Even these figures fall far short of figures for same sex unions and it is significant that those with one foreign partner are particularly likely to dissolve - with nearly a half rapidly folding up. This suggests unions of convenience made (or bought and sold?) for resident rights and citizenship.
10 This does not appear to be considered in the UK, but it is a possibility - particularly given the low number of homosexuals at all interested in unions for themselves. What has happened to heterosexual marriage rates where gays marry? Some background considerations: 20. Declining marriage rates, paralleled by increasing rates of unmarried cohabitation and births are generally seen as parts of a second demographic transition in the Western world, where marriage and family have been weakened as the primary child rearing environment. 21. The Nordic countries are leaders here. Moral and cultural controls have largely disappeared and religious influence has faded. Not far behind are France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Germany, along with the U.S and Canada. With tighter family patterns and lower rates of cohabitation, family dissolution, and out-of-wedlock births are the southern European countries of Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. There is a general drift towards the Nordic pattern, promoted not only by secularisation, increasing sexualisation and easy marital dissolution but also, significantly, by welfare states. Privileges once reserved for marriage are given to individuals regardless of relationships or family arrangements. Male provision for families is frowned upon and mothers are expected to be employed and selfsufficient, with wage subsidies and children in day care. Spousal benefits or exemptions do not exist, income tax is individual and state support is targeted to lone parents with the stand alone mother the locus of family diversity. 22. The disintegrative process is somewhat held in check by tendencies for parents to marry after a couple of births; pointing to the persistence of residual norms and family pressures connecting child rearing to spousal commitment. As out-of-wedlock childbearing pushes beyond 50% a stalling process is evident as it enters the toughest area of cultural resistance. Once that marker disappears and the tendency to marry at the second birth dissipates, the path opens to the terminus of marriage which, if it survives at all, rests only upon residual sentiment. While mass cohabitation is not initially a long-term form of living together, but rather a prelude to marriage or separation, it then becomes extended and a substitute for marriage. People conform to suggestion and example and, as married parenthood becomes a minority phenomenon, it loses the critical mass needed to be a socially normative force. 23. When same sex partnerships - readily absorbed to marriage - made their appearance in Scandinavian countries, marriage had been more or less dismantled in all but name.
11 Sweden s anti-marriage policy has been implemented earlier than those in Norway and Denmark as well as being more explicit and coordinated than in the UK, where there has been considerable prevarication and subterfuge. 17 Sweden s politicians and planners ideology of neutrality (sic) amounted to about the most concerted attempt in history to engineer a liberated sexuality free from moral and social norms, freedom of women from child care responsibilities and the demise of interdependence through economic manipulation, social pressures and massive public re-education. With radical feminist and socialist ideology dominant from an early period, powerful social scientists have seen marriage as a barrier to full equality between the sexes. Re-defined as a form of voluntary cohabitation between independent persons 18 anything which might benefit it over cohabitation was stripped away as couples living together acquired much the same rights as married people. Divorce was made available on request without giving reason(s). There could not be a right to choose, since people were deemed culturally conditioned into an impoverishing mould. The withdrawal of support for two parent families, imposition of penalties on non-working partners and very high taxation made it impossible to live on one wage. The word custodian has designated the person closest to a child, who serves the state as the supervisor and agency on whose behalf parents act. Norway and Denmark experienced similar moves away from the largely self-financing two parent family towards employed mothers and public child care supported by social security. 24. Removing any incentives to get and stay married have had direct and unsurprising effects on marriage. Sweden s rates were falling dramatically by the end of the 1960s (it registered the lowest rate in recorded history in 1997), accompanied by rising cohabitation, unwed births and high levels of single person households. 19 By the 1980s, boast was that Sweden was moving faster than most other advanced industrialised counties toward a society of cohabiting individuals, temporary families, and single individuals with and without children. 20 Unwed births were at 48.2% in 1991 and hit the 55% mark in the next decade. With marriage neither legally nor normatively a precondition for a family this has become simply a matter of the fact of parenthood. 25. If Sweden and Norway are the kind of places where we are expected to find that same sex unions have rescued marriage after heterosexuals have trashed it, then marriage has hardly been welcome in recent Scandinavian history or not by governments. Hardly promising, is it?
12 Notwithstanding, oscillations in Scandinavian marriage rates post 1990 have led to claims that same sex partnership/marriage has helped to revitalise the institution. And, the argument goes, if societies with such low marriage rates can see a boost from same sex marriage, why not elsewhere? 26. For example: this has been forcefully put mainly in reference to Norway - by US gay advocates William N. Eskridge and Darren R. Spedale. 21 They accept the data showing a close correlation between legal and economic changes and lower marriage rates, high divorce rates and unwed births. Throughout the 1980s, Norwegian marital households with children plummeted; falling 18% from 1989 to1993 as cohabiting with children rose 70%. So, would we not expect same sex partnerships and marriage to cause an acceleration - whether temporarily or long term - in changes that have been going on since the 1970s? But they argue that we do not see a further plunge. Instead, while there is still a continuous rise in cohabitation with children and a decline in marriage both absolutely and comparatively in the 1990s, same sex unions were no stake through the heart of marriage. Instead, they were responsible for how the trend slowed down a little bit after Norwegian tabloids and media suggest that marriage was made fashionable among young people due to royal rather than gay weddings. 27. Both perspectives are described by demographers as misguided. 23 Marriage statistics in societies with very low rates present problems for analysis. Marriage rates are fairly volatile anyway; affected by economic conditions and predictions as well as one off events. Small rises in the number of Norwegian marriages over recent years appear to result from increasing numbers of people of marriageable age (including immigrants), along with catching-up by people who marry later in life (often with children born out of wedlock), and increasing numbers of divorcees available for remarriage (not a rise in their frequency of marriage). People marry late and divorce frequently, and they increasingly cohabit for long periods instead of marrying. Among those in their 20s, marriage rates have has not changed much in fact, these are still falling heavily up to the mid-30s. Even after that age, recent years have seen a further tip downwards for older age groups.
13 At the same time, divorce has generally remained high. While the period 1995 to 1999 saw divorce rates stabilise in Norway, by the projections were back at levels. Slightly more marriages and lulls in rising divorce levels in countries with generally low marriage rates do not mean that two parent married families have undergone a revival. All has more to with the institution's overall decline than any renaissance. Why not look at Sweden s divorce rates? There has been no pause there - so not saved by same sex unions.
14 28. Between 1990 and 2000, Norway's out-of-wedlock birthrate rose from 39% to 50% as, tail gunning Swedish rates, the tendency to marry with the second child weakened in both. Denmark saw a levelling off during the 1990s at around 45% - which seems to relate to a slight increase in fertility among older couples, who marry after multiple births as, at the same time, there was a 25% increase in cohabitation and unmarried parenthood among mainly younger couples. About 60% of first born children in Denmark now have unmarried parents. 29. Family dissolution rates differ from divorce rates when so many people rear children outside of marriage. We need to know the rate at which parents (married or not) split up and suggestions are that throughout Scandinavia and Europe cohabiting couples with children break up at three times the rate of married parents. Rising rates of cohabitation and out-of-wedlock births are true proxies for rising rates of family dissolution. 30.Finally: a case has also been made for Belgium having a slightly upward marriage trend. Like Scandinavian experience, this is difficult to reconcile with the marriage rate per thousand population dropping from 6.5 in 1990 to 4.4 in 2000 and 4.0 in Again, the waters are muddied somewhat by immigration, where entrants from the Muslim world will have a higher marriage rate than the resident population. Belgium s divorce rate is amongst the highest in the European Union. The crude divorce rate per 1,000 inhabitants stood at 47.0 in 2010, the same as Denmark s. Higher levels are recorded for Sweden at 54.1 and Norway at (Otherwise, there is Bulgaria at 54.1: Estonia at 59.1 and Slovenia at 55). Belgium s unwed birth rate rivals the UK s at 45.7% in This is a swifter rise than in the UK or from 4.1% in 1980 and 11.6% in 1990, compared with the UK s 11.5% in 1980, 27.9% in 1990 and 46.3% in Children
15 living with two parents at 14 are 65% in Belgium compared with the UK at 68.9% - a Western world low (apart from Latvia). 31. In Sum: from what we know about demographic trends, it is preposterous to argue that people suddenly somehow embrace marriage and slow or reverse its decline because homosexuals can have it. Exponents cherry pick their statistics. They also fail to suggest how this could possibly be so and how it is supposed to operate. Why grasp same sex marriage as the reason for the slowing of disintegrative trends, if that is what is even going on in the first place, rather than a plethora of other explanations? As already mentioned; explanations in societies with low formal union rates are bound to be more complex than simplistic mono-causal hunches. It has also been mentioned how the third phase of marital decline tends to stall around the 50% unwed birthrate level due to residual attachment to traditional forms in sections of society more resistant to the deinstitutionalisation of cohabitation and procreation. 32. As we move to more traditionally family centred societies the picture is bleak. In the Netherlands, marriage even had a bit of a mini-renaissance in the late 80 s and early 90 s then, between and 2009, the trend is downhill. A slight upward move in 2002 may be partly accounted for by same sex unions partnerships and marriages. Otherwise, marriage is declining among heterosexuals, with higher rates of divorce and out of wedlock childbearing. Dropping quite steeply from 88,000 plus in 2000, marriage is at its lowest since WWII (with 70,000 plus in 2010). There is an increase in registered partnerships which offer a lighter relationship for heterosexuals. Nearly one in three women who enter into a registered partnership are over 40 years old, compared to more than one in five women who get married. If this suggests a remaining connection between marriage and family building, so might the way in which nine in ten couples plan to live together before marrying and two-thirds of cohabiting couples aspire to marry some time. 26
16 Marriages and registered partnerships: Netherlands
17 33. From 2001, the formal divorce rate in the Netherlands dropped. However, from 2001 the same year as same sex marriage - couples could convert their marriages to registered partnerships, which could be annulled without a court order. Using this process of flash divorce, some 30,000 couples separated in this way up to 2009; almost completely compensating for the decrease in formal divorces. At the same time, rights of married couples and registered partners were extended to unregistered cohabiters. Four in ten babies are now born to unwed mothers although if the mother has a subsequent child she is likely to marry. The rise has been particularly rapid, from 24.9% in 2000 to 43.3 % in 2009, compared with 11.4 in 1990 and only 4.1 in (UK comparisons: 46.3% in 2009, up from 27.9% in 1990 and 11.5% in 1980.) In the decade ending in 2009, the share of unmarried parents among people in their thirties went from eight to 28%. However, provinces (containing cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam) with the highest proportion of babies born to single mothers contain large immigrant groups among whom casual partnerships are more common. The level of single lone mothers seen for the UK and US is still not matched in the Netherlands. Proportion of live-born babies by marital status of the mother, This is happening in what has been a generally family centred country which otherwise more resembles Italy s than Scandinavian or Anglophone nations- and whether we look at low proportions of children aged three and under attending day care or nursery school, youngsters eating meals with their family, the influence of local citizens on education and
18 tax relief for families. Making registered partnerships available to heterosexuals and distributing the privileges of marriage to uncommitted relationships appears to be associated with the casualization and trivialization of unions. 35. Spain saw a pronounced downwards acceleration in its marriage decline following the introduction of same-sex marriage. This started to abate a little by 2009 perhaps due to more same sex unions being formalized in the event of a centre right government terminating the arrangement (it has not). The annual number of marriages fell by over 14,600 over the first three years ( ) in which same sex couples were able to marry. For the next three years ( ), the annual fall was 34,000. The descent is quite precipitous, since Spanish marriage rates (per thousand population) have been reasonably steady compared to some other countries at 5.9 in 1980: 5.7 in 1990 and 5.4 in 2000 before the plunge to 3.8 in This includes the more than 18,000 same-sex couples who got married in Spain between 2005 and the end of 2010 (when 2.1 per cent of marriages were between people of the same sex, with 2,216 female). The State Federation of Lesbians, Gays, Transsexuals and bisexuals (ELGBT) believes that the actual number is 23,000, since not all have been recorded.
19 36. At the same time as Spain s socialist government introduced same sex marriage it also brought in legislation known as the express divorce bill, to make the process easier and faster. Again, we have the association between the drive for same sex marriage in the context of a general libertarianism which trivialises and is fundamentally hostile to marriage. The legal change eliminated the need for couples to be physically separated for a period before legal proceedings could begin. In the following year (2006), 126,952 divorces were registered in 2006, a 74.3% increase on the previous year. The sharpest rise was seen in divorces between those who had been married for less than a year: up 330.6%. 37. Verdict: Optimistic accounts of a re-vitalisation of marriage or even no damage done are, at very least, premature. This is not saying that same sex marriage is the reason for marital decline anywhere - simply how it does nothing to prevent it.
20 We can be certain that same sex marriage will do no such thing as encourage stable marriage whether for heterosexuals and/or homosexuals. Marriage in Scandinavia, Spain, Netherlands and elsewhere is in deep decline. What does same sex marriage do to marriage? 38. Same sex marriage is both an effect and a cause of the evisceration of marriage - especially the separation between this and parenthood. As rising out-of-wedlock births and cohabitation rates - as well as legal changes - disassociate marriage from parenthood, same sex marriage becomes conceivable. If marriage is only about couple relationships, and is not intrinsically connected to parenthood, why not give the leavings to homosexuals? As marriage is redefined to accommodate same-sex couples, this reinforces the irrelevance of marriage to parenthood. Elsewhere, same sex marriage is an instigator for the casualisation of heterosexual unions and separation of marriage and parenthood. 39. In the feedback loop, either: Gay marriage is the end game of long running anti-marriage and family policy - typified by Sweden. Cohabitation and out-of-wedlock birth rates were rising and marriage rates were falling in Scandinavia long before the enactment of homosexual partnership/marriage laws. These trends are explicable in terms of the removal or reduction of incentives to marry by forces hostile to traditional conjugality. Same sex partnership/marriage then locks in and reinforces existing trends toward the separation of marriage and parenthood. Or: Gay marriage initiates the severance and dismemberment of marriage and family in more family friendly societies, such as Spain and the Netherlands. There is free-fall towards the Scandinavian model driving home the message that marriage itself is outdated, and that virtually any family form, is acceptable. 27 Either which way, same sex marriage is more a terminus for marriage or ultimate act of dissolution, rather than a force for revival.
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If you can't always beat them, hire their experts.
Alpine Canada announced Monday it has hired Martin Rufener for the newly-created position of alpine director. Rufener, 54, helped the Swiss ski team win multiple World Cup, world championship and Olympic medals and will now oversee the Canadian men's and women's programs leading up to the 2014 Sochi Winter Games and beyond.
Rufener had worked with Alpine Canada once before as a coach with the men's program.
"I'm looking forward to coming back to Canada and helping the men's and women's teams get to the highest level – to the very top," Rufener said in a statement. "We will be focusing in the short term on Sochi 2014 but at the same time we want to look at the next generation – the athletes who will compete in 2018 – and make sure we have success in the next Olympic cycle."
Rufener transformed the Swiss men's program into a powerhouse starting in 2004. Didier Defago, Didier Cuche and Carlo Janka won dozens of races and earned gold medals at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics. Janka also became Switzerland's first World Cup overall champion since 1992.
"He's had huge success with the Swiss team in the past. He was the brains behind that team," said Erik Guay, one of the Canadian alpine racers who will be working with Rufener. "It will be good to have his connections."
Paul Kristofic, former head coach of the Canadian men's alpine ski team, will continue to oversee Alpine Canada's alpine, para-alpine and ski cross teams as vice-president of sport, with a special responsibility for national ski racing.Report Typo/Error
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SOLO Tuscan Cafe Duo Shield® cups are the ultimate solution designed to keep the heat and lose the sleeve.
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Welcome to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur
In the second year of inception of this University, Dept of Economics came into existence in the year 1958. Economics department comes under faculty of commerce. Many eminent scholars and academicians laid the foundation of this department and the imprints of the work culture established by them still manifests in several forms. In the beginning, Dr. Vinod Dubey, after serving in the department went to NCAER and thereafter to World Bank as economist. Staying in the department for a short span of time, Prof T.S. Papola became professor in Bombay University and later on he became director of Giri Institute of Development Studies, Lucknow. Finally, he became advisor in Planning Commission. Dr. H.P. Shahi also served the department and he was also first Chief Proctor of this University. In due course of time he was elected as Member of Legislative Council.
Prof. R.P. Bahadur was the first Head of the department and first ProVice Chancellor of this University. He was very popular due to his multidimensional and magnetic personality. After him legacy of headship of the department passed on to Prof. B.K. Singh, Prof. S.S. Misra, Prof. S.R. Gupta, Prof. A.K. Srivastava, Prof. S. Yadav and Prof. P.C. Shukla in order. At Present Prof Sandeep Kumar is Head of the department.
Dept of Economics offers B.A., M.A.(Semester System) and Ph.d courses. There are 120 seats in MA and around 400 in B.A. for economics. The syllabi of BA and MA economics is well designed to include all the core and important braches/ areas of subject economics. The contents of syllabi are very useful and supportive for students preparing for academics/research/UGC(Net) and competitive exams. Research Work in the department is related to almost all the areas/ specializations of subject economics e.g. monetary economics,agricultural economics,environmental economics, international trade, demography and development economics etc. Teaching faculty of the department is well updated with recent changes of the subject and they are capable of handling new/emerging areas and quantitative aspects of economics. Many students of the department have succeeded in getting success in PCS, Civil Services, IES, RBI and other examinations, services of university and degree collages and also in private sector. Regular classes, discipline, sincerity and academic atmosphere are our strengths since the beginning. Besides teaching, we develop overall personality of our students through the co-curricular activities conducted by Economic Association of the department.
Department has already prepared credit Based Semester System Syllabi for M.A. Economics for future. Department has future plan to start MA in Business Economics and M. Phil courses along with a placement cell to provide more job oriented course and job opportunities.


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Kohinnor Lodge
Call us 1800-300-2400-1 (Toll Free) and Get additional Discount upto 50% for this Hotel.
199, Mumbai Pune Road, Chinchwad East, Pune, Chinchwad East, Pune, Chinchwad East, PUNE, MAHARASHTRA, India, Pin-411019
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About Kohinnor Lodge
Located near Saras Baug (19 km), Kohinnor Lodge is accessible from Pune Railway Station (9 km). This hotel in Pune offers a round-the-clock front desk facility to its visitors. The rooms in this accommodation have an ensuite bathroom with hot and cold water supply, wake-up calls, bottled/drinking water, television with satellite connection and a wardrobe.
Checkin Time: 1200 pm
Checkout Time: 1200 pm
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Rising international trademark and European patent filings are being mooted as indicators of economic recovery by the heads of IP organisations.
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The 3M Crystalline is a non-metallized automotive film that provides excellent clarity and heat rejection. It is available in five VLTs:
This film is NOT available for retail sale. You can request this film from a professional installer or choose any of our recommended DIY products to the right. They have been selected to be very similar to this product but available for sale to the public.
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1st of many!
Sail Date: December 20, 2014
Reviewed: 2 years ago
Traveled As: Family (young children)
Room Type: Oceanview
Why!? Why did we wait so long to experience our first cruise? To be away from the daily grind. To be cut off and to have NOWHERE to be. It was a very relaxing experience. Our teenagers didn't enjoy it like we did, but they are use to being on their games. They did both say they liked being out on deck at night, just relaxing and listening to the water. Our five year old really enjoyed the kids club and looked forward to going and playing everyday and the staff were really nice and welcoming. The food was good. We had the 8:15 dining time and loved the service. The only downside for us was picking the late dinner, it conflicted with evening activities. We weren't a big fan of Freeport, but totally enjoyed Nassau. My husband and I can't wait to book many more of this relaxing getaways!
Category Ratings
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Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Onboard Activities
|Destinations and Excursions
|Children's Programs
|Ship Quality
|The ship had been redone, but you could still tell its age out on deck.
|Food and Dining
|Great service and staff!
|Service and Staff
|Cabin / Stateroom
|Very surprised on how comfy our room was. We slept very well!
Port Ratings
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Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Jacksonville, Florida
|Freeport, Grand Bahama Island
|Won't get off the boat next time. Too industrial looking.
|Nassau, Bahamas
|Loved the water!!
This ship was the right size for being our first trip. Not too big, easy to get around.