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electrical problem
we shorted out the battery cables in my 1968 nova because one touched the exhaust. We changed those, got a new battery, had the strter and the cilonoid tested, and changed the fusilage connectors, but nothing works still. I was wondering if anyone has any idea what else might be wrong?
test with a volt meter that you do have 12V on the "S" terminal on the solonoid when the key is in the start position
no volts?
key off, secure one end of a jumper wire to the "S" terminal,
touch the other end to batt plus,
solonoid engages and starter cranks (you bypassed all the car wiring and proved the solo and starter are happy).....
probably a burned/bad "S" wire to the ign switch and or bad ign switch
Doc here,
Is the whole car dead (no lights, no horn, no accessories), or is just the starter not functioning?
If you have lost power to the whole car, look for an added fusible link to the wire (10 gauge) coming from the big post on the starter solenoid to the car's wiring harness. Vehicles of that vintage did not have them factory stock, but it may have had it added.
If you have no fuse Link, and the 10 gauge wire did not burn open, or the rest of the car has power..
Locate the neutral safety switch. Unplug that switch, and jump across it .. Try the "Start" function..If it works, you have burned the neutral safety switch out..Replace as needed.
If the system has integrity all the way back to the start switch, Check your engine grounds, If your battery cable DOES not ground at or near the starter, you may have opened one of the wimpy ground straps the factory puts in on the engine mounts. BE sure you have good frame and engine grounds!!
Does the car crank when you jumper the "S" terminal to the Big bolt on the solenoid? Have you tried jumping the big bolt to the big terminal below it that goes into the starter motor? Does the motor wind up? If so power to that point is good.
If you have that you have an open wire between the starter solenoid main power or "s" terminal to the Ignition switch.
tested solonoid
Tested power to the starter by bypassing and it has power there. Someone told me to replace the ignition switch, but I can't seem to be able to remove the switch.
Doc here,
37FOrd4dr makes very good sense..before throwing parts at it troubleshoot the system first and narrow the field down..
First you did not answer the question: "is the rest of the electrical system working? lights Ect.." Very important in determining if your main feed to the power buss has opened up or not.
Next , Put a DVOM set for V X 50 or autorange on the "s" terminal, and have someone turn the key to start..If You see 12 volts in start that declines in "Run".. then the ignition integrity is good.If NOT...
Just jumpering the big battery terminal to the "S" terminal proves nothing except the battery is good and the starter and solenoid works..It will not tel you if in fact the ignition switch is open or not..
The most common cause is neutral safety switch or an open on either the wire feeding the switch, or the "S" wire itself..
PVC wire insulation melts at only 170*,
easy for a batt short to melt the "S" wire and make a short in the harness, fair to good chance your switch is still good
do you have a volt meter?,
a inexpensive Sears or Radio Shack meter is fine for this...Harbor Freight is $20? buy a pack of alligator clips to make jumpers also
test the ign switch, (and the neutral safety switch and the wires) before you pull parts
disconnect the battery first!
turn the meter to a 2k or so ohms scale (should read 1.000, touch the 2 leads, should read 0000)
at the switch, unplug the "S" wire, with one meter lead hooked to a good ground, the other hooked to the "S" plug on the switch, turn the key to start position
meter reads 0000, switch is fine,
meter reads 1.000, double check your connections to the meter, still 1.000=bad switch
BE SURE! THE TIRES ARE BLOCKED! SO THE CAR CAN'T ROLL! to test the neutral safety switch, this time put a lead in each of the unplugged 2 wires to the switch, meter on ohms, car in park or neutral should read 0000, in drive/reverse/low/etc should read 1.000(starter can't crank when driving)
test the wires, disconnect and/or unplug both ends of a given single wire, one lead clipped to one end, other lead touched to the other end (with a jumper to reach if required) on ohms scale, 0000=good wire, 1.000=bad wire
meter doesn't go to full 0000 on a switch or wire= corrosion usually, or about worn out
using a volt meter ain't rocket science when testing for is it good or bad
you didn't answer the question, are the headlights working or is everything dead...interior lights, radio. etc
Last edited by red65mustang; 05-03-2006 at 04:39 PM.
nothing works
nothing elctrical in the car works, lights, horn, or anything. where does the "s" wire hook into the elctrical chassey? Does it go directly to the ignition switch?
We did a voltage check with the "S" terminal with the key in start, and there was no power.
Doc here,
Your meter will make a loud pop..and emit a large amount of smelly smoke..you will destroy the Ohms scale of the meter..Or (if fused) blow the meter input protection device.
You can not measure between the "S" terminal Ignition switch and ground , on an Ohms scale..IN Circuit (hooked to the Ignition Switch)
The Ignition is feed from the battery, "HOT AT ALL TIMES" and distributes power to the selected Contacts.."RUN", ACC", And "START"..Ground is NEVER switched through the Ignition Switch.
The only way to measure a Wire or Component In an Ohms Environment , In the presents of power, Is to isolate the wire or component from that circuit..(disconnect it at both ends, and measure end to end)..
The scale you want is Volts, V X 50 or auto range..
Anyway, The "S" wire goes from the :
However, If the car is totally Dead..
The "S" wire IS NOT your problem.
You either have a BLOWN Fusible link or Maxi Fuse that somebody installed aftermarket, (Pre 70 GM did not have Links)
OR the 10 Gauge wire coming from the BIG BOLT on the Solenoid Terminal where the battery cable ties in, is open to the Vehicle Fuse Buss..(meaning the IGNITION switch IS NOT getting "HOT AT ALL TIMES" feed from the starter solenoid battery connection.) This is also where a Fuse link should be installed , at or near the starter solenoid..
That being said, The next logical deduction is the power that is missing from the "HOT AT ALL TIMES" at the Ignition switch, Is not going to the "HOT IN START " function of the same switch..
You need to abandoned the search for missing power on the "S" wire and start tracking down the lost power from the solenoid battery terminal (10 gauge wire) back to the car ignition switch, or fuse link along the way. A Fuse link may be located at either the starter solenoid Battery cable, Or at the horn relay, Or at the BATT terminal of the voltage regulator. (if externally regulated).
Find and repair that wire, and the Car will operate Fine electrically.
doc's right,
I forgot to tell you to disconnect the battery before you ohms test the ignition awitch
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|University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
*** Our lab is hiring 3 new Postdoctoral Researchers: click here to see our Naturejobs posting with application instructions ***
Welcome to the Smith Lab! We are an interdisciplinary team of scientists and engineers working to visualize the microscopic mechanisms of biology, health, and disease. We do so by engineering tiny, protein-sized crystals to serve as beacons in living cells and tissues. These nanocrystals show us how molecules behave in healthy tissue, how they malfunction when cells become cancerous, and how therapeutic drugs restore order.
|Dr. Smith and Haden enjoy giving a demo during the BioNanotechnology Summer Institute!
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– By ECGA Board Chair, Robert Spiegelman
As an avid cyclist with the opportunity to travel with my bike, I have found my favorite place: The Netherlands.
While in the United States most people on bikes are hobbyists, children, or people without another means of transportation, virtually everyone in The Netherlands — young and old, rich and poor, urban and rural — rides a bike. They ride for transportation, and they are able to ride because the culture and the infrastructure make it possible.
In the 180 days I have spent in The Netherlands, I have yet to see a crash, fender bender, or a person fall, even though I saw hundreds, if not a few thousand, of people on bikes every day.
The infrastructure has been designed with strong consideration for bicyclists. Most importantly, people in cars drive slowly and bicyclists have priority on the roads. Most roads have a bike lane or a designated bike path next to the road and a path for pedestrians. Busier roads have paths on both sides of the streets. Many secondary roads are narrow, allowing for only one car and two bicycles to pass at a time.
At most intersections, bicyclists have the right of way and rotaries have separate lanes for bicycles. There are separate traffic signals for bikes and cars, including a height-appropriate button for cyclists to push for a green light, and separate left turn arrows for bicyclists at busy intersections.
There is also no waving or signaling to people to go. Bicyclists look at the situation and ride through the traffic in a cooperative, yet silent manner, even at busy intersections in the city. Watching this is one of my favorite things to do. There is no audible communication among people on bikes (other than riding and chatting with someone) as no one says "car back" or "passing on the left" and it is rare to hear someone ring their bike bell.
People have unusual rigs and carry many different things with them on their bikes. Parents carry children on a rear seat, a front seat, or both.
During rush hour, people look like commuters from anywhere, focused on where they are going. They are dressed for work, carry bags, and look straight ahead. However, they are on bikes, not in cars. Nobody wears high visibility cycling clothes; people wear what they are wearing. I rode in jeans and a black jacket for three weeks, something I never do at home. The exceptions are people on road bikes who tend to wear matching spandex suits and some "high fashion" women dressed for work whose saddle bags match their clothes.
Nobody wears helmets except some of the hobbyists, tourists, and some small children. This is surprising to me since the Dutch are so practical and sensible. However, some would say that riding upright at slow speeds with ideal infrastructure in a place where cyclists get priority does not carry the same risks as we have at home.
If you haven't experienced The Netherlands, this might sound like fiction. I doubt we will ever duplicate their culture and infrastructure in the US, but seeing and living this is inspirational to our efforts to build the East Coast Greenway and to improve biking throughout the United States.
Read more next month – Bob shares his reflections on the Netherlands' long-distance bicycle routes similar to the ECG!
This blog post appeared in our June 2016 E-Newsletter – click this link to read the newsletter in full.


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Discussion in 'Windows XP Help and Support' started by kemical, Jul 9, 2008.
See here for the info on this: Windows XP SP3 automatic updates kick off tomorrow - The INQUIRER
I've been running it for months on my old PC. I have the stand alone..I'll go ahead and install it on the Wife's PC, so not to have to download it again Thanks for the heads up
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Here are the over/under totals for all 32 teams:
-- Sean Leahy
Nate Davis is a reporter, blogger and editor who's been at USA TODAY since 2000. He has covered the NFL since 2005. No, he did not play quarterback for Ball State. Davis' succession of our esteemed colleague Sean Leahy at The Huddle is considered a Brady-for-Bledsoe swap by most "insiders."More about Nate


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 28, 1987
|Filing date
|Jan 31, 1986
|Priority date
|Jan 31, 1986
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Christopher H. Strolle, Glenn A. Reitmeier
|Original Assignee
|Rca Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (79), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to television systems and particularly to systems of the type in which a high definition video signal is encoded into sum and difference components for transmission to a receiver which recombines the sum and difference components to reconstitute the video signal for display.
The line structure of a raster scanned television display becomes more visible as the size and brightness of the display increase. This undesirable effect may be avoided by doubling the number of scanning lines in each field and displaying the lines in progressive scan (non-interlaced) form. An example of a progressive scan receiver, wherein the added lines are replicas (repeats) of the original scan lines, is described by R. A. Dischert in U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,931 entitled TELEVISION DISPLAY WITH DOUBLED HORIZONTAL LINES. In another form of progressive scan receiver, the "extra" lines for display are obtained by interpolation of adjacent vertical lines of the incoming video signal. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,400,719 of K. H. Powers entitled TELEVISION DISPLAY WITH REDUCED LINE SCAN ARTIFACTS.
The receivers of Powers and Dischert do not require any change in existing television broadcast standards. It has been recognized, however, that such receiver systems are subject to certain motion dependent artifacts characteristic of the interlaced scanning format employed in the cameras of conventional broadcast systems. Examples include effects such as serration of the edges of horizontally moving objects, double images, aliasing, and so on. Various arrangements have been proposed which avoid interlace motion artifacts by using progressive scanning (or spot wobble scanning) in both the camera and in the receiver display. The difficultly is to encode the progressive scan camera signal in such a manner as to be compatible with existing television transmission channels and standard (interlace scan) receivers as illustrated by the following examples.
As a first example, Oakley et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,327 entitled COMPATIBLE TELEVISION SYSTEM WITH INCREASED VERTICAL RESOLUTION describe a compatible NTSC system in which a spot wobbling technique is used in a camera to generate two lines of video for each line scanned. The lines are added to produce a compatible luminance signal and subtracted to provide a difference signal representing vertical resolution. Provision is made for transmitting the difference signal along with the sum signal by frequency interleaving the difference signal with the chroma signal in locations representing high frequency vertical information. Alternatively, Oakley et al. suggest transmitting the difference signal via a separate transmission channel. The sum and difference signals are recombined in a receiver for display on a kinescope employing spot wobble synchronized with that of the camera.
As a second example, K. H. Powers in U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,951 entitled SYSTEM FOR GENERATING AND DISPLAYING A COMPATIBLE HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION SIGNAL BY PROGRESSIVE SCANNING, describes a spot wobble system in which a high definition (spot wobble) camera signal is low pass filtered to provide a limited bandwidth signal compatible with standard broadcast receivers. A difference signal is produced by subtracting the high definition and limited definition signals. In a receiver, the limited definition and difference signals are added to recreate the high definition signal for display. The difference signal and its addresses are transmitted to the receiver during the vertical blanking interval of the limited definition signal. In order to reduce the data rate of the difference signal, its generation is inhibited in regions of the picture which exhibit frame-to-frame motion.
As a further example, Adelsen et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,220 entitled COMPATIBLE HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION SYSTEM UTILIZING HADAMARD BASIS FUNCTIONS describe a system in which a video signal provided by a high definition camera is converted into one sum signal and three difference signals. The sum signal represents the average of four contiguous pixels of the high definition signal and is compatible with standard television receivers. The three difference signal represent vertical, diagonal and horizontal resolution and one obtained by subtracting various combinations of the four pixel group that provides the compatible sum signal. Adelsen et al. suggest that the difference signals may be transmitted in the vertical or horizontal blanking intervals of the sum signal for subsequent reconstitution of the signal high definition signal in a receiver.
In the described systems the difference signal, which is used to enhance the detail of the displayed image, is a direct function of the "busyness" of the picture. Where, for example, the image to be transmitted has little vertical detail, the amplitude and bandwidth requirements for transmission of the difference signal are modest. As the vertical detail content increases, however, more information must be transmitted in the "enhancement channel" to convey the difference signal. For very detailed images the problem of channel overload may occur.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, it is herein recognized that a progressive scan camera has the capability of providing additional information (as compared to an interlaced camera) sufficient to eliminate motion aliasing in a progressive scan display while allowing objects in motion to maintain the full vertical resolution they have when they are still. Moreover, by processing the progressive scan signal as herein described, it is possible to substantially reduce the problem of channel overload for "busy" images.
A progressive scan encoder embodying the invention comprises a signal source means for providing a first luminance signal of progressive scan form having a line rate double that of a given broadcast standard. A temporal filter means, coupled to the source, adds corresponding lines of adjacent fields of the luminance signal to provide a sum signal and subtracts corresponding lines of adjacent fields to provide a difference signal. A sub-sampling time-expanding converter means, coupled to the temporal filter means, selects every other line of each of the sum and difference signals and time expands the selected lines of each of the sum and difference signals by a factor of two to provide processed sum and difference output signals for transmission.
A progressive scan receiver embodying the invention includes means for separating the processed sum signal into high and low frequency portions. A first speed-up means doubles the line rate of the high frequency portion by time compressing and interleaving lines of currently received and previous fields. A second speed-up unit generates a double line rate of the enhancement signal by matrixing and time compressing the low frequency portion of the sum signal with the difference signal. The double line-rate signals of the two speed-up means are combined and applied to a display means.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein like elements are denoted by like designators and in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a progressive scan television system embodying the invention;
FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D are spatio-temporal diagrams illustrating operation of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of the encoding portion of the system of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are detailed block diagrams of sub-sampling (decimating) interlace converters for use in the encoding system of FIG. 3;
FIGS. 4C and 4D are block diagrams illustrating conversion frequency generation in the system of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 5-8 are detailed block diagrams of portions of the decoder portion of the system of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating modifications of the system of FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, compatible progressive scan encoder 10 produces an enhanced NTSC standard video output signal S1 that is coupled via a single channel transmission path 12 to a progressive scan receiver 14 and to a standard interlaced (NTSC) receiver 16. Encoder 10 includes a progressive scan camera 20 that provides non-interlaced (progressively scanned) video output signals (Y1, I1 and Q1) of 525 lines per field and 60 fields per second (more accurately, the field rate is 59.94 FPS). Camera 20 may be implemented as shown in the detailed encoder diagram of FIG. 3 by supplying standard NTSC field rate (FV) and double line rate (2 FH) sweep signals to a conventional RGB camera 22 from a timing unit 24 and converting the progressive scan RGB signals to YIQ form in a conventional matrix 26. The scanning pattern of camera 20 is shown in FIG. 2A. During each field (A, B and C) 525 lines are scanned progressively in one-sixtieth of a second. As seen, this is double the normal NTSC scan rate and the lines are not interlaced.
The remaining elements of encoder 10 perform the task of converting the progressive scan pattern of FIG. 2A to a compatible interlaced form which may be displayed without creating artifacts on the standard NTSC receiver 16 and yet is of such a form that all the lines of FIG. 2A may be reconstituted in the display 16 of progressive scan receiver 14.
A first step in this process comprises temporally filtering the Y1, I1, Q1 signals in filter 30. This filter provides the functions of adding corresponding lines of adjacent fields of the Y1, I1 and Q1 signals to provide three sum output signals Y2, I2 and Q2. Filter 30 also subtracts corresponding lines of adjacent fields of luma signal Y1 to provide a difference signal M1 representative of image motion. Referring to FIG. 2A, signal Y2 equals the sum A1+B1, A2+B2, A3+B3 . . . etc throughout a field and signal M1 equals the differences A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3 . . . etc. FIG. 3 provides a specific implementation of filter 30. Signals Y1, I1 and Q1 are delayed by respective field delay elements 31-33 (525 lines or 1/60 sec) with the field delayed and non-delayed signals added in respective adders 34-36 to form the sum signals Y2, I2 and Q2. The difference signal (motion signal M1) is produced by a subtractor 37 coupled to the input and output of delay element 31.
The next step in the encoding process comprises sub-sampling and time expanding each of the sum and difference signals provided by filter 30 to generate the scanning patterns for the sum and difference signals illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 2C, respectively. This function is provided by converter 40 which selects every other line of each of the sum and difference signals and time expands the selected lines by a factor of two to provide the processed sum output signals Y3, I3, Q3 and the processed difference output signal M2.
Converter 40 comprises four separate (identical) converters 41-44 (FIG. 3) each of which may be implemented as shown in FIGS. 4A or 4B. In FIG. 4A the input signal (Y2, I2, Q2 or M1) at input 402 is applied to the wiper of a four position switch 404 which is advanced at the line rate of camera 20 which is twice (2 FH) the NTSC line rate. The signals at the first and third poles of switch 404 are stored in respective one line (1-H) memories 406 and 408 at a write clock frequency, illustratively, of 8 times the system color subcarrier (8 Fsc) provided by R/W clock 410. Since two poles of switch 404 are not connected, only every other line of the sum (or difference) signals is stored. The stored lines are alternately recovered by a line rate (FH) switch 412. Each stored line is time expanded by a factor of two during readout by selecting a read clock frequency, illustratively, of 4 Fsc (one-half the write clock frequency). The line skipping provided by switch 404 thus interlaces the signals (FIGS. 2B, 2C) and the read/write clock frequency change thus time expands the selected lines (from 31.75 microseconds of camera 20 to the NTSC standard of 63.5 microseconds). The arrangement of FIG. 4B is functionally identical to FIG. 4A but employs a two-position line-rate switch 404A and 2-H memory storage. The memories store two lines at a time at the 8 Fsc write clock rate but only one stored line is recovered because the read clock frequency is half that of the write clock. Thus, every other line is discarded and the lines recovered are time expanded by two.
After processing in converter 40, the signals Y3, I3 and Q3 are of interlaced form and conform to NTSC standard line and field rates and so are fully compatible with receiver 16. It may be advantageous to temporally filter signal Y3 in the 1-3 MHz region to minimize interference with the enhancement signal E that is later translated to this region. There signals are applied to an NTSC processor 50 which generates a composite NTSC signal that is combined with an enhancement signal E in adder 55 and applied to a conventional transmitter 56 for transmission via path 12 to receivers 14 and 16. Unit 50 may be implemented as shown in FIG. 3 by a conventional chroma modulator 51 and adder 52. A 525 line (one frame) delay element 53 delays the composite NTSC signal to compensate for enhancement signal processing delays.
Enhancement signal E is provided by an encoder 60 which translates the interlaced inter-field motion signal M2 to a midband region (1-3 MHz) of the luminance frequency band in such a manner as to avoid interference with the composite video signal. Details of encoder 60 are shown in FIG. 3. The encoder includes a low pass filter 61 which limits the bandwidth of motion signal M2 to 1 MHz. The filtered signal M3 is then frame comb filtered by means of a frame delay element (525 lines) 62, an adder 63 and a subtractor 64. The adder and subtractor output signals M4 and M5 are multiplied in multipliers 65 and 66 by respective conversion frequencies F2 and F1 and the resultant product signals (M6 and M7) are combined in adder 67 to generate the enhancement signal E.
It will be noted from FIGS. 2B and 2C that one cannot simply add signals Y3 and M3 because half the terms would obviously cancel. Encoder 60 translates signal M2 to the 1-3 MHz portion of the luma band by means of quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM) employing specially selected conversion frequencies F1 and F2. Quadrature modulation is chosen in order to transmit the 1 MHz wide M4 signal and the 1 MHz wide M5 signal simultaneously in the 1-3 MHz region. Since signals M4 and M5 are zero when there is no motion, and since the QAM signal is a suppressed carrier modulation, there is no possibility of interference for still images. The purpose of low pass filtering signal M2 to 1-MHz prior to quadrature modulation is to ensure that the modulated bandwidth does not extend below 1-MHz or above 3-MHz, thus avoiding any possibility of interference with low frequency luma components and minimal interference with chroma. Midband luma and chroma interference are minimized, as will be explained, by selection of the conversion frequencies.
The low pass filtered motion signal M3 is not of a form that can be quadrature modulated directly. It is required that signal M2 be broken into two components. This function is provided by the frame comb filter comprising elements 62-64 which separate the low pass filtered motion signal into spectrally interleaved low-pass (M4) and high-pass (M5) components. With two components of signal M3 thus obtained, elements 65-67 quadrature modulate and combine the components to provide the enhancement signal E. To avoid interference of the modulated spectra, the phase of the conversion frequency F2 is alternated at the frame rate (FV/2).
In more detail, the conversion frequencies F1 and F2 may be either odd or even multiples of one-half the line rate but must include a frame rate offset. FIGS. 4C and 4D show specific examples of the conversion frequency generation for odd and even multiples of one-half the horizontal line rate. In FIG. 4C a phase lock loop PLL 450 (elements 451-455) multiplies the color subcarrier Fsc by 3/5 thus providing a conversion frequency F1' of an odd multiple of one-half the line rate (273 FH/2). Since the I chroma component has spectra extending into the 2-3 MHz region at odd multiples of FH/2, a phase inverter 456 operating at FH/2 is used to reverse the phase of F1 every other line thereby avoiding possible interference with wideband "I" chroma component. Conversion signal F2 is generated by delaying signal F1 by 90 degrees in delay unit 457. The FV/2 offset necessary to prevent interference of the F2 spectra is provided by a phase inverter 458 which reverses the phase of signal F2 at the frame rate (FV/2). In the example of FIG. 4D the conversion signals are even multiples of FH/2 (i.e., 260 FH/2). Phase lock loop 460 (elements 461-465) multiply the color carrier Fsc by 4/7 to produce conversion signal F1. Since this is not an odd multiple of FH/2 there is no need for phase inverter 456 to avoid chroma (I) interference. Signal F2 is generated as in FIG. 4C by phase shifting and inverting the phase of signal F1 at the frame rate (FV/2).
Progressive scan receiver 14 (FIG. 1) includes circuitry for separating the enhancement signal E from the compatible input signal S1 and reconstituting the original image in progressive scan form for display on display 18. Tuner 70 converts the RF signal S1 to baseband form S2. Filter 80 separates the NTSC and enhancement (E) components. Decoder 90 decodes the E signal to recover the motion signal M2. The NTSC component is applied to a luma/chroma separator 100 which supplies the chroma component C to a demodulator 110 and the luma component (Y3) to a pair of 1-MHz low and high pass filters 130 and 140. The chroma signal components I3 and Q3 provided by demodulator 110 are applied to a speed-up unit 140 which doubles their line rate by repeating each line to provide double line-rate chroma signals I4 and Q4 to a matrix unit 150. (Interpolation may be used rather than repeating). The high pass filtered luma signal (Y4) is applied to a speed-up unit 160 which generates a double line-rate luma signal Y6 by time compressing and interleaving lines of the current and previously received fields of signal Y4. The low pass filtered luma signal Y5 (A+B) is applied along with the decoded motion signal M2 (A-B) to a matrix and speed-up unit 170 which generates a double line rate enhancement signal Y7 by matrixing and time compressing the low frequency portion of luma signal Y3 with the recovered motion (difference) signal M2. An adder 180 combines the luma signals Y6 and Y7 and applies the sum Y8 to matrix 150 which, in turn, supplies progressive scan RGB signals to display 18.
FIG. 2D illustrates the operation of matrix and speed-up unit 170 for the condition where field "B" of the camera signal is reconstituted. Line B1 is generated by time compressing and matrixing the low frequency portion of the luma signal Y5 with the motion signal M2. Specifically, for field B line 1, signal Y7 equals A1+B1 of the previous field minus A1-B1 of the previous field. All odd lines are so recovered (e.g., B3=(A3+B3)-(A3-B3) etc). Even lines are recovered by addition of lines of the current field (B2=(B2+C2)+(B2-C2) etc). Thus all lines of the original field "B" are recovered.
FIG. 5 shows the details of filter 80 and decoder 90. The enhanced signal at terminal 502 is applied to a 1-3 MHz bandpass filter 504. The filter output is subtracted from its input by subtractor to create a 1-3 MHz notch in the subtractor output as shown. A frame comb filter (508-510) separates Y3 and E from the filtered signal. Frame comb filtered signal Y3 is added by adder 511 to the subtractor 506 output to reconstitute the luma sum signal. The subtractive output (510) of the frame comb filter (508-510) is demodulated to provide motion signal M2 in decoder 90. The decoder 90 comprises an oscillator 92 which generates conversion signals F1 and F2 as previously described. Signal E is multiplied in multiplier 94 and 96 and the resultant product signals are added in adder 98 to recover the motion signal M2.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 provide details of speed-up units 140, 160 and 170. In FIG. 6 the I3 and Q3 signals are stored in respective memories (602-605) at a write clock rate of, illustratively, 4 Fsc and recovered twice at a read clock rate of 8 Fsc by means of switches 606-609. Accordingly, each I and Q signal is doubled in line rate by repeating each line. In FIG. 7 the line rate of the high frequency luma signal Y4 is doubled by delaying Y4 by one field in unit 702. A switch 710 stores the delayed and non-delayed signal Y4 in memories 703 and 704 while switch 712 reads the previously stored delayed and non-delayed lines in memories 704 and 706 sequentially at twice the write clock rate. Accordingly each line of signal Y4 is time compressed and interleaved with lines of the previous field. In FIG. 8 adder 802 and subtractor 804 add and subtract the luma signal Y5 and the motion signal 2. The difference signal is field delayed by unit 806. The field delayed difference signal and the non-delayed sum signal are time compressed and interleaved by means of switch 808 which stores these signals in parallel in memories 810-813 while switch 820 recovers the stored signals sequentially at twice the write clock rate.
The system of FIG. 1 may be modified as shown in FIG. 9 to convey the enhancement signal E and auxiliary data via a separate transmission path 12' to receiver 14. In the modified system encoder 60, adder 55, filter 80 and decoder 90 have been deleted. The compatible NTSC signal S1 is applied directly to transmitter 56 for transmission via the channel-one path 12 to tuner 70 which recovers the baseband compatible (sum) signal for application directly to Y/C separator 100. The enhancement signal E comprises the motion signal M2 combined in combiner 902 with auxiliary data provided by an auxiliary data source 904 and transmitted via a second transmitter 56' and transmission path 12' (channel two) to receiver 14. The auxiliary data may comprise digital audio signals, wide screen edge enhancement video signals or other suitable data. In receiver 14 a second tuner 70' is provided for converting the transmitted enhanced signal to baseband form and an auxiliary data separator 930 separates the motion component M2 and auxiliary data signals.
In this example of the invention the use of separate channels avoids the need for encoding motion signal M2 as in the example of FIG. 1. Two channels are required but the second channel provides capacity for audio as well as video (e.g., wide screen) enhancements. The channel one signal, as in FIG. 1, is fully compatible with existing receivers.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 31, 1986
Owner name: RCA CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:STROLLE, CHRISTOPHER H.;REITMEIER, GLENN A.;REEL/FRAME:004512/0448
Effective date: 19860131
|Aug 23, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 19, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 17, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 25, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 22, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990428


text:
Lectrosonics ZS-LRLT (L-Series Kit)
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- New
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Due to manufacturer's restrictions this item cannot be shipped outside of the United States.
What's in the Box
- (1) x LR-XX receiver (Frequency band A1, B1 or C1)
- (1) x LT-XX transmitter (Frequency band A1, B1 or C1)
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This title is available in the online library collections. More details
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The Dark Side
Critical Cases on the Downside of Business
The discredit of a certain brand of capitalism – and the managers that practice it – continues apace. The increasing lack of tolerance for short-term thinking and a systematic neglect of the social, regulatory, and economic conditions in which business ought to operate means we are entering a time of trouble and questions – an era of economic, social, and environmental turbulence.
There is a critical need for business educators and trainers to expose students and managers to these issues to examine, explore, and understand the different multifaceted, complex phenomena of our late capitalist era. There is also a need to foster a climate for future and current business managers to reflect, feel, and think differently both ethically and cognitively. The 16 innovative case studies in The Dark Side: Critical Cases on the Downside of Business are designed for this very purpose: to provoke reflection and debate; to challenge and change perceptions; and to create responsible managers.
The cases are innovative in two ways. First, in terms of content they acknowledge the diversity of actors and interests in and around organizations. They contain different levels of analysis, and propose different points of view and logics. They recognize that decisions that seem sound when they are made may actually contain the seeds of their later failure. Second, these cases are innovative in terms of format. Whereas most cases are formatted around decision-making situations, these are more diverse and open-ended. This stimulates the use of "judgment" – the capacity to synthesize, integrate, and balance short- and long-term effects, appreciate effects on different groups, and learn to listen and evaluate. Whereas decision-making is the key skill when confronting complicated issues and situations, "judgment-making" relies on experience and is a far better tool in the complex, murky, gray areas typical of business ethics.
The cases included here are all finalists or award-winners from the first seven years of the Dark Side of Business Case Competition, a joint event of the Academy of Management's Critical Management Studies Section and Management Education Section. In many areas of management, case studies are almost exclusively devoted to "best practice" cases or difficult decisions faced by basically well-managed firms. When educators look for resources to illustrate to students the more typical cases, let alone the really scandalous practices of the worst firms, the cupboard is almost entirely bare. From the beginning, the Dark Side competition aimed at encouraging case studies that integrate socio-political issues with organizational dynamics, thus contextualizing organizational and management problems within the broader system of capitalism.
These cases comprise a diverse and rich collection from a range of countries, continents, and issues and focus on interactions in business organizations as well as between business organizations and groups and societies. The Dark Side: Critical Cases on the Downside of Business is divided into four sections. The first sheds light on gray areas in the behavior of businesses. The second concerns the interactions between business and local communities in diverse countries. The third concerns crises, and specifically how firms may create or manage them. Finally, the fourth section concerns gray areas in business behavior in the global context.
The Dark Side: Critical Cases on the Downside of Business will be an essential purchase for educators and is expected to be a widely used resource at all levels of management education.
Online Teaching Notes to accompany each chapter are available on request with the purchase of the book.
I often get asked, "What if we don't consider sustainability/do environmental management/implement a safety program?" by company managers and owners. This book is a sober warning of what could happen if businesses cut corners on social, environmental, ethical and regulatory standards. The book is split into four parts:- Part one covers "gray areas in the behaviour of businesses"; Part two looks at "business and local communities"; Part three explores "creating (or managing) crises"; and Part four looks at "gray areas in the global context". The editors have chosen an eclectic selection of case studies ranging from entrepreneurship and sexism to the responsibilities of (South African) mining companies and informal settlements, sub-standard underground mine safety, and lead-tainted toys. All of the case studies pose questions which do not always have clearly defined solutions, but illustrate the importance of dialogue with stakeholders (whoever they may be). The book also demonstrates the value of developing case studies as a means of identifying key management and communication strategies. So often, corporates will focus on a one way communication strategy which does not listen to responses and reactions. This often results in vital intelligence and status information being lost or not collected. A fascinating case study included in the book relates to Google's decision making on whether or not to enter the China market and locate a Chinese language version of the Google search engine on Chinese servers. The ethical questions raised here make absorbing reading. The Westray mine explosion case study was also a powerful tale of corporate deceit and irresponsibility. This book has many useful and thought provoking messages for Sustainability Mangers and directors dealing with corporate social responsibility and ethics issues. It will not provide all the answers but it will indicate what and how things can go wrong and provides a powerful motivation to understand the dynamics in your organisation and ensure that stakeholder communication channels are open and two way.
Challenged with complex business problems from the very first page, readers are confronted with the 'ugly' reality of the modern capitalism through an analytical lens throughout the book. As suggested by the title, the book represents a unique viewpoint on business ethics which is often missing or neglected in similar text books. Raufflet and Mills share a strong sense of responsibility to encourage an alternative approach in management education – one that respects and values ethical rules and prepares managers with judgmental skills in the ever-complicated business environment. The book comprises 16 case studies selected from the finalists and award-winners in the past seven years of the Dark Side of Business Case Competition at the Academy of Management Conference. The editors separate the book into four parts: grey areas in the behaviour of the businesses, business and local communities, creating (or managing) crises and grey areas in the global context. Each case includes a brief introduction from the editors, followed by a set of discussion questions. Along with the core text extra material for the teaching staff are offered online. The cases are set in a diverse collection of scenarios, ranging from internal organizational issues to external relationships. Crossing from various sectors, sizes, types and managerial involvement levels, the book succeeds in its goal of challenging the readers to employ analytical thinking when facing complex problems regarding corporate responsibilities and business ethics. The complexity of the situations examined is such that it forces the readers to be exposed and confronted with the limitations of the methods used to solve simpler problems. The book appears as a refreshing alternative to books of successful management stories that fill the shelves. It is one of the few books in the market that deal with problematic cases and managerial failures. Readers are offered the chance to understand how specific managerial decisions can lead to failure and have undesirable effects. Moreover, the book is easy to read and follow by providing the clear objectives outlined in each chapter. Although the book is designed to be used as a textbook in management education, it is structured in a way that makes it approachable as self-study material. Although throughout the book the cases are well written and thorough, the book may have been more cohesive with a modified organization of the chapters. A separate section for human resource management or internal organization issues, opposing to other external activities may provide more focus and impact. It is a pity that most of the authors and the cases are western-centric which somewhat limits the scope of the book. Despite the parts focusing on business in the global context, the culture perspective is therefore overlooked. Notwithstanding the above, the book succeeds in achieving all its goals and aims as set in the introduction. It is not only an essential read for all management educators and scholars, but also inspiring for all readers interested in CSR and the darker aspects of today's business ethics. The book is a valuable addition of booklists in all MBA programmes.
CSR dominates the landscape of thinking about business and society, and in this landscape there are only sunlit uplands. This book focuses on things that haven't gone well for companies, and in doing so provides a vital reality check. Built around 16 varied case studies useful for teaching purposes, complete with questions for students to consider, it touches on areas such as staff exploitation, health and safety failures and poor community relations – covering small companies to large multinationals. It describes in detail the story of an individual struggling to cope with the impossible work demands of the German company Lidl, and outlines how a Canadian water company ended up killing seven people and causing thousands to become sick. There is a description of Google's relationship with censorship in China and an account of how good intentions led a company to dominate the local politics of a small French town. Some are gripping and harrowing tales and most are well-written with a detailed business context. While editing of the material is sometimes uneven, and some case studies have been left deliberately unfinished, therefore leaving the reader unclear about final outcomes, this book begins to fill a large gap in the market. It is especially important for universities or businesses that wish to ensure those working in CSR understand that good ethical performance is not just about winning prizes.
1. Gray areas in the behavior of businesses
1.1. Leading the team out of the hazing blues yonder: the case of the Windsor Spitfire hockey team
Francine K. Schlosser
1.2. John Hamilton's work and eldercare dilemma. Break the silence? Sustain the silence?
Rosemary A. McGowan
1.3. Hugh Connerty and Hooters: what is successful entrepreneurship?
Mary Godwyn
1.4. Antiquorum Auctioneers: building brands on ignorance?
Benoit Leleux
1.5. The Lidl international career opportunity: from dream to nightmare in eight weeks
Matt Bladowski and Rosemary A. McGowan
2. Business and local communities
2.1. Food Lion vs. the UFCW: time for a change?
Paul Michael Swiercz
2.2. Manipulation, placation, partnership or delegated power: can community and business really work together when surface mining comes to town?
Sherry Finney
2.3. The smell of power: Yves Rocher in La Gacilly, France
Emmanuel Raufflet and Monique Le Chêne
2.4. Who takes responsibility for the informal settlements? Mining companies in South Africa and the challenge of local collaboration
Ralph Hamann
3. Creating (or managing) crises
3.1. The Westray mine explosion
Caroline J. O'Connell and Albert J. Mills
3.2. The story behind the water in Walkerton, Ontario
Elizabeth A. McLeod and Jean Helms Mills
3.3. Dark territory: the Graniteville chlorine spill
Jill A. Brown and Ann K. Buchholtz
4. Gray areas in the global context
4.1 The dark side of water: a struggle for access and control
Latha Poonamallee and Anita Howard
4.2. Mattel, Inc.: Lead-tainted toys
Adenekan (Nick) Dedeke and Martin Calkins
4.3 Google, Inc.: Figuring out how to deal with China
Anne T. Lawrence
4.4. Genocide in Rwanda: Leadership, ethics and organizational 'failure' in a post-colonial context
Brad S. Long, Jim Grant, Albert J. Mills, Ellen Rudderham-Gaudet, and Amy Warren
ALBERT J MILLS is Professor of Management and Director of the Sobey PhD Management Programme at Saint Mary's University. EMMANUEL RAUFFLET is Associate Professor of Management at HEC Montréal.
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Discounts are available for bulk orders. More detailsRecommend this title to my librarian


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best cruise ever
Sail Date: August 01, 2014
Reviewed: 2 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Inside
Pros: food and fun
Cons: atrium elevator not in service
Recommends Carnival Elation? Yes!
Category Ratings
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|Ship Quality
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|Service and Staff


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Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Chicago, IL
PURPOSE: Hypercapnia occurs in a significant number of patients with COPD and ARDS, in part as a consequence of the "permissive hypercapnia" ventilation strategy. We observed that hypercapnia impairs alveolar fluid clearance by decreasing Na,K-ATPase function in alveolar epithelial cells, however the mechanism by which elevated levels of CO2 lead to decreased fluid clearance and inhibition of Na,K-ATPase function has not been elucidated.
METHODS: Alveolar fluid clearance was assessed in an isolated rat lung model. Na,K-ATPase activity and protein abundance in alveolar type II cell cultures were evaluated. Activity of protein kinases was assessed by immuno-blotting with specific phospho-antibodies and in vitro kinase assay.
RESULTS: Elevated levels of CO2 (60 to 120 mmHg) led to sequential activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) within minutes of exposure in rat alveolar type II cells, while alveolar fluid clearance, Na,K-ATPase activity and membrane protein abundance were significantly decreased. These effects were prevented by pharmacological inhibition or overexpression of dominant negative AMPK, PKC-ζ or JNK.
CONCLUSION: We provide the first evidence that hypercapnia impairs alveolar fluid clearance via activation of a protein kinase signaling cascade in the alveolar epithelium, thus leading to the downregulation of the Na,K-ATPase.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Hypercapnia has deleterious effects on the alveolar epithelium, which may have significant implications in COPD and ARDS patients.
DISCLOSURE: Istvan Vadasz, None.
Monday, October 23, 2006
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Plymouth UK Pragmatic, conscientious, potential mtb
- +
- It's very light and airy, length is good, arm length is very good. Its easy to clean on a cold wash in the machine then dry on the washing line, which doesn't take long. Certainly consider a tshirt version this time of year.
I have crashed in it and it survived without a hitch as nothing to snag it on.
- −
- It's not made of Ripstop so catches and snags easy. The large seemed a tad small across the chest and the shoulders. Was tempted to go extra large but concerned the arms would be epic & overly long. If your skinny or average it should fit you sweet, if you've a bit of a belly it will show, at least until your on the bike where the fit is perfect except across the shoulders, where its a teeny tiny bit tight on me.
Published on: 08 June 2016


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Design a Magazine Cover - Photoshop Guide
Hot Off the Presses!
Well, most likely a figurative term unless your going to actually use your magazine cover in real life of course! Not-so-long ago magazines, logos, and everything we see for letterheads and mailers and everything paper related was produced and designed by hand by a graphic designer sitting in a room with a box containing various tools. Nowadays, you can simply create the same end results using a photo editor program like Photoshop and get the same cutting edge appeal as someone who would have to work 10 times as hard to produce the same cover. Now just so my old teachers aren't cursing at me from where ever they currently are, Photoshop isn't the correct program to make a Magazine cover in - Indesign is. Of course, Photoshop can accomplish the same exact goal for the less savvy users or those who do not have access to anything other then PS. Anyway, regardless if your making a fake magazine cover for laughs or really making your own magazine or e-magazine and need a cover then this is a step by step guide to this relatively simple process of branding your magazine.
What Kind of Magazine Cover is it?
There are many different styles and layouts one can do. Is it to mimic an actual magazine out there? Is it your own original styling? Do you want to make it a spoof of a real magazine like Time? All of these will be determining factors of some elements of the cover and all will be important when it comes to creating the core of your cover. If its to copy an existing magazine you will need to find the fonts, do the same boarders, place the barcodes and everything else your magazine might have where its suppose to be! It will also determine how big you need to make the cover, PlayStation Magazine is alot bigger then Windows Magazine in dimensions. So knowing what your going with is vital to creating your cover.
Step by Step Magazine Directions
1. Create a New Document with the measurements of your magazine cover, I will be using 7"x10". If it is intended to ever be printed by a print shop or on your own printer make sure there is a bleed of 1/8th an inch on all sides of the document so if clipping occurs it will not interfere with the main part of the Magazine. This means the measurements with the bleed will be 7-1/4" wide and 10-1/4" tall. Since it is being printed the resolution of the document has to be 300 dpi - industry standard.
2. Create a New Layer and use the Rectangular Marquee Tool to select the Area inside of the bleed. Once selected go to "Select ->Inverse" or press Shift+Ctrl+I to select the actually bleed area. Using the paint bucket fill the bleed with red. Lower the opacity of this layer to 30% and lock the layer.
3. Create a New Layer and paste in your Render or Picture you wish to use for the cover. Name this layer "Main Image" and make sure the important parts of the image are within the bleed.
4. Add your Headlines and Subheads where you want them in the font you want them to be in. Use a site such as dafont.com to find special fonts that are free to use, or you can purchase your font if your selling your magazine commercially at may font sites.
5. Create as many layers as you need to make sure your magazine cover is a believable copy by including everything that the magazine normally has such as bar codes, miniature pictures, and side shapes for text. (PlayStation Magazine Reference)
Make Your Own a Magazine Cover
Congratz on your New #Magazine Cover!
You Can see the Completed cover to the right, click on it to enlarge the image and see it in full size! There are many ways to create a great cover for what your doing and it does take some real time and effort to create but the results will surprise you. Just keep trying and im sure you will have exactly what you want in the end! Remember simple themed covers are much more appealing then too busy pages most of the time. Less is more and it stands true for magizines as well. Its really simple to create nice things and there are tons of tutorials out there that will help you with image specific edits for your renders or backgrounds. Thanks for reading, please share this if you liked it - it really helps me out!


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This wood watch has a very complex pattern and uneven texture. Some pieces might have a lot of burl and darkness while others might not have a single burl but strong wood pattern. So, it excites us to make this Mapa watches happen as it's very unique from one another. The making processes are also complicated as we need to select every piece to make every watch as beauty as the wood want to be.
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A Man Betrayed [Blu-ray] [1941]
- Release Date: 03/26/2013
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Bucolic lawyer John Wayne takes on big-city corruption in A Man Betrayed. He sets out to prove that an above-suspicion politician (Edward Ellis) is actually a crook. The price of integrity is sweet in this instance, since Wayne happens to be in love with the politician's daughter (Frances Dee). Man Betrayed can be viewed from the vantage point of the 1990s as an attempt by Republic Pictures to broaden the range of its biggest star, John Wayne. That it doesn't quite work is forgotten as the audience luxuriates in the sheer professionalism of the whole endeavor--and besides, the Duke does get to put up his dukes on more than one occasion. Man Betrayed has been released under two alternate titles: Wheel of Fortune for American television, and Citadel of Crime (coincidentally the title of a like-vintage Republic "B" picture) for British audiences. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
Cast & Crew
- John Wayne - Lynn Hollister
- Frances Dee - Sabra Cameron
- Edward Ellis - Tom Cameron
- Ward Bond - Floyd
- Wallace Ford - Casey