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Stress plays an important role in psychiatric disorders, and preclinical evidence indicates that the central endocannabinoid system modulates endocrine and neuronal responses to stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute stress on circulating concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in healthy humans. A total of 71 adults participated in two sessions in which they were exposed to either a standardized psychosocial stress procedure (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control task. Blood samples for eCB and cortisol assays and cardiovascular and subjective measures were obtained before and at regular intervals after the tasks. Serum concentrations of the eCBs, N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as of the N-acylethanolamides (NAEs), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and of the O-acylglycerol, 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG), were determined. Compared with the control condition, stress increased serum concentrations of AEA and the other NAEs immediately after the stress period. Increases in PEA were positively correlated with increases in serum cortisol after stress. Furthermore, anxiety ratings at baseline were negatively correlated with baseline concentrations of AEA. The sex and menstrual cycle status of the subject affected the NAE responses to stress. Interestingly, subjects of Asian and African-American races exhibited different patterns of stress responses compared with the Caucasian subjects. These results indicate that stress increases circulating NAEs in healthy human volunteers. This finding supports a protective role for eCBs in anxiety. Further research is needed to elucidate the function of these lipid mediators, and to determine the mechanisms that regulate their appearance in the circulation.
Stress contributes to somatic and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (Esler et al, 2008; Krishnan and Nestler, 2008; Parker et al, 2003; Sinha, 2008). Acute stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to release of glucocorticoids such as cortisol (Lopez et al, 1999; Chrousos et al, 2009), and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAM), leading to secretion of catecholamines (Lopez et al, 1999; Chrousos et al, 2009). Recent preclinical evidence indicates that stress also mobilizes the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in both the brain and the periphery, and that the eCB system can modulate behavioral and endocrine responses to both acute and chronic stress (Hill et al, 2010; Patel and Hillard, 2008). In the current study, we examined the effects of acute stress on serum concentrations of eCBs and their structural analogs in healthy human volunteers.
The eCB system consists of two functionally identified endogenous ligands, N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (Di Marzo et al, 2005). AEA as well as the structurally analogous lipids N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) belong to the family of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) (Ueda et al, 2010), whereas 2-AG and its structural analog 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG) belong to the family of O-acylglycerols (Sugiura et al, 2006). PEA, OEA, and 2-OG do not target the CB1 or CB2 receptors, although they share some metabolic processes with their eCB family members (Di Marzo et al, 2005; Ho and Hillard, 2005).
In the central nervous system (CNS), eCBs are thought to be synthesized 'on demand' in response to increased neuronal excitation (Kano et al, 2009). After being released into the synapse, eCBs act in a retrograde manner to activate presynaptic CB1 receptors to inhibit neurotransmitter release (Patel and Hillard, 2009). Both of the eCBs and their congeners are also present in the serum and plasma (Wood et al, 2008). Immune cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and visceral organs have the ability to synthesize and release eCBs to the blood and have been proposed to serve as sources of circulating eCBs (Cote et al, 2007; Di Marzo et al, 1999; McCarron et al, 2006); it is also possible that the eCBs in the circulation reflect overflow from the brain (Hillard et al, 2012). The function of circulating eCBs is not fully understood. Correlational studies suggest that circulating eCBs exert hemodynamic (Randall et al, 2007; Wagner et al, 1997), immunomodulatory (O'Sullivan and Kendall, 2010), metabolic (Di Marzo et al, 2009), and reproductive (Taylor et al, 2010) effects in humans. Recent studies in women with depression showed that circulating concentrations of AEA correlate with emotional variables (Hill et al, 2008), suggesting that circulating eCBs reflect and could contribute to emotional responses. Peripheral eCB concentrations are increased during labor (Habayeb et al, 2004), and circulating peripheral eCBs are increased immediately after parabolic flights in subjects without motion sickness, but not in subjects with motion sickness (Chouker et al, 2010).
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Task (TSST); Kirschbaum et al, 1993a) on serum concentrations of eCBs and structural analogs in healthy volunteers compared with a control condition. The study used a within-subject design with both stress and no stress conditions to lessen interindividual differences. We hypothesized that serum concentrations of eCBs and their structural analogs would increase after stress and would be correlated with other indicators of stress, including serum cortisol, cardiovascular measures, and feelings of anxiety.
In addition, we examined the effects of sex and menstrual cycle phase in stress-induced serum concentrations of eCBs and their structural analogs. These analyses were based upon earlier findings that these factors contribute to individual differences in responses to stress. For example, Kirschbaum et al (1999) reported that, during the TSST, men exhibited significantly higher ACTH responses than women in either cycle phase, and men showed significantly higher salivary free cortisol concentrations than women in the follicular phase. Men also exhibit larger blood pressure responses after psychosocial stress than women (Lepore et al, 1993; Matthews et al, 2001). In line with these findings, our group previously reported that men exhibited greater increases in serum cortisol after undergoing the TSST than women (Childs et al, 2010). In addition, luteal-phase women showed greater stress-induced increases in heart rate and anxiety than follicular-phase women (Childs et al, 2010).
Our sample was heterogeneous with respect to race, and published work led us to carry out a secondary analysis of race as a factor in response to the TSST. Chong et al (2008) showed that HPA axis activation (ie, cortisol concentrations) during the TSST was greater in Caucasians than in people of African descent. Social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety, and panic disorder are more common in Caucasians than African Americans (Asnaani et al, 2010). Thus, in this study we conducted exploratory analyses with sex, menstrual cycle, and race as possible factors in eCB response to acute stress.
Healthy volunteers (N=71; 48 women, 23 men), aged 18–32 years, were recruited via posters and advertisements. They underwent a semistructured psychiatric screening interview, completed a psychiatric symptom checklist (SCL-90) (Derogatis, 1983), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Selzer, 1971), a health questionnaire with a detailed section on current and lifetime drug use, and they received a physical examination including an electrocardiogram. Volunteers were excluded if they consumed more than three cups of coffee per day, had a body mass index (BMI) outside the range of 18–26kg/m2, took any regular medication (including hormonal contraceptives or exogenous hormones), and had any serious medical condition (defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) such as cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, gastroenterological diseases including liver or kidney dysfunction, or any neurological conditions. Subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of an Axis I disorder including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, psychotic symptoms, or lifetime substance dependence or current abuse (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) were excluded from the study. However, specific phobias, lifetime alcohol abuse, dysthymia, or personality disorders were not exclusionary. Subjects were excluded if they were not fluent in English; had less than a high school education; or worked the night shift. Women with irregular cycle lengths or severe premenstrual affective symptoms within 3 months preceding the study were excluded. Cigarette smokers were excluded as smoking is known to alter response to the TSST (Childs and de Wit, 2010; Kirschbaum et al, 1993b).
The study used a randomized, two-session crossover design with a stress session (TSST) and a no stress session (control). Each subject participated in both experimental sessions, which occurred at least 48h apart. This study was approved by the institutional review board of The University of Chicago for the use of human subjects and by the institutional review board of the Medical College of Wisconsin for the serum lipid analyses. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975.
Participants attended an orientation in which they provided consent and practiced answering the questionnaires. Subjects were specifically instructed not to take any drugs including alcohol and nicotine and not to use any medication, including over-the-counter medications, for 24h before each session. Women were randomly assigned to participate during either the follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Follicular sessions were scheduled between days 3 and 10 of the menstrual cycle, using the first day of menstruation as day 1. Luteal sessions were scheduled 2 to 10 days after a positive urine ovulation test. The stress and no stress sessions were scheduled within 7 days so that women could participate in both experimental sessions within a single cycle phase.
Subjects were tested individually in a comfortable patient room at the University of Chicago Hospital's General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). To standardize sleeping and eating, subjects were admitted to the GCRC at 2100h the night before each session. Subjects were awakened at 0730h and had a standard breakfast at 0800h including their usual amount of caffeine. After breakfast, they provided breath and urine samples to exclude recent use of drugs including alcohol and nicotine. At 0830h, an intravenous catheter with a clave connector was placed in the nondominant arm of the participants for collection of blood samples. Heparin flushes were used to keep the catheter open. Heart rate was monitored continuously beginning at 0900h, using a chest band (Mini-Logger). At 0940h, baseline blood samples were obtained to determine concentrations of eCBs, eCB-like compounds, and serum cortisol. At the same time, blood pressure and mood measures were obtained.
At 0950h, the experimenter read the standardized TSST instructions (Kirschbaum et al, 1993a) or the control instructions to the participant. After the 10min preparation period, participants were escorted to an adjacent room for the tasks at 1000h. During the TSST, participants gave their 5min mock job interview and 5min oral arithmetic in front of two unsmiling 'examiners,' with a clear view of their own image on a television monitor. During the control task, subjects spoke with a friendly research assistant about neutral topics including interests and hobbies. After the procedures (10min), subjects were escorted back to the patient room. Blood samples were obtained and blood pressure was measured immediately (0.5min) and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min after the tasks. Participants also completed mood questionnaires immediately and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min after completing the tasks. At the end of the second session, participants were debriefed about the study and received payment.
The primary outcome measures in this study were serum concentrations of two eCBs (AEA and 2-AG) and three structural analogs (PEA, OEA, and 2-OG). These compounds will be referred to in aggregate as 'lipids.' Lipids were obtained before and immediately after the tasks (baseline, 0.5min). Unfortunately, because of technical problems, we were not able to accurately measure and therefore not able to include lipid concentrations at later time points (5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min). Secondary measures were serum cortisol concentrations, and cardiovascular and subjective measures obtained before and at repeated times after the tasks (baseline, 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min). The direct effects of the TSST on these secondary measures have been reported previously (Childs et al, 2010). We also examined serum cortisol, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and feelings of anxiety in relation to concentration of the lipids, as these secondary measures are known to interact with the eCB system (Hill et al, 2009a; Kunos et al, 2000; Gorzalka et al, 2008).
Following collection, blood samples were immediately refrigerated and then centrifuged. Serum was stored at −80°C until analyses. Lipid extraction from serum was performed by solid-phase extraction as previously described (Hill et al, 2008). Briefly, serum (0.5ml) was loaded onto conditioned solid-phase extraction columns (Bond Elut C18; Varian) and washed with 5ml of deionized water. Columns were eluted with 1ml ethyl acetate, dried under N2 gas, and lipids were resuspended in 20μl methanol. Lipids of interest were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ES-MS; Agilent LC-MSD 1100 series) and quantified by isotope dilution as described previously (Patel et al, 2005b). Samples (5μl) were separated on a reverse-phase C18 column (Kromasil, 250 × 2mm, 5μm diameter; Phenomenex) using stationary phase A (deionized water with 0.005% acetic acid, 1mM ammonium acetate) and mobile phase B (methanol with 0.005% acetic acid, 1mM ammonium acetate). Samples were eluted at 300μl/min flow rate by linear gradient (Solvent B increasing from 85 to 90% over 15min, then 90–100% over 5min, then held at 100% for 10min). Selective ion monitoring was used to detect positive ions [2H8] AEA (m/z 356; retention time=12.4min), AEA (m/z 348; retention time=12.6min), PEA (m/z 300; retention time=16.1min), OEA (m/z 326; retention time=17.0min), 2-OG and 1,3-OG (m/z 357; retention time=18.4 and 19.4min, respectively), [2H8] 2-AG and [2H8] 1,3-AG (m/z 387; retention times=13.1 and 14.1min, respectively), and 2-AG and 1,3-AG (m/z 379; retention times=13.3 and 14.3min, respectively). Because 2-AG isomerizes to 1,3-AG during storage and extraction (Stella et al, 1997), the area of both peaks was combined to yield total 2-AG. There was a contaminant peak that intervened between the 1,3-AG and 2-AG peaks in the serum samples. Therefore, the peaks for the two arachidonoyl glycerol esters were always identified using the migration times obtained from chromatographs of standards and in comparison with migration times for deuterated 2-AG within the same sample.
Blood samples for cortisol analyses were immediately refrigerated, and then centrifuged and stored at −80°C. The GCRC Core Laboratory at the University of Chicago determined the levels of cortisol using a chemiluminescent technology (Immulite 1000 Cortisol; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL, USA; sensitivity=0.20μg/dl). The immune cortisol assay kits were processed by an automatic clinical platform. The test units contained an assay-specific coated bead for specific binding and used chemiluminescent quantifications for precise hormone measurements. Sample and reagent were pipetted into a test unit. Following incubation, test units were spun at high speed to expel fluid into the integral sump chamber. Then, chemiluminescent substrate was added to the test unit after many washes, removing unbound material from the bead and inner tube. Finally, light emission was read with a high-sensitivity photon counter to perform precise measurement.
Heart rate was recorded continuously using polar chest band monitors (Mini-Logger, Mini Mitter/Respironics, Bend, OR, USA). Blood pressure was measured at repeated intervals using a Critikon Dinamap Plus Vital Signs Monitor (GE Healthcare Technologies, Waukesha, WI, USA). In this investigation we focused on continuous heart rate and systolic blood pressure, given that both are valid measures of the effects of acute stress on the cardiovascular system and, in particular, on the circulation. Peripheral endocannabinoids are known to modulate cardiovascular processes such as blood pressure and vasoconstriction (Kunos et al, 2000).
To assess subjective effects of stress, subjects completed the standardized questionnaire Profile of Mood States (POMS) (Johanson and Uhlenhuth, 1980) at regular intervals. The POMS measures momentary mood states on eight primary scales (eg, Anger, Anxiety, and Confusion). Because the eCB system is implicated in anxiety (Hill et al, 2009a; Gorzalka et al, 2008), we utilized the POMS Anxiety scale as our main measure of subjective responses to stress.
First, baseline differences between stress and no stress conditions were evaluated for all outcome measures using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were no significant differences between the two sessions on any measure. The influences of demographic measures such as gender and cycle phase, race, age, BMI, cannabis use frequency, and session order on the outcome measures at baseline were assessed using ANOVA or Pearson's bivariate correlation analyses.
Second, the main effects of stress on primary and secondary outcome measures were investigated using one-way repeated measures ANOVAs (stress vs no stress). Analogous to the analyses of the lipids, we used the values of heart rate, blood pressure, serum cortisol, and Anxiety obtained at baseline and immediately after (0.5min) the tasks. For continuous heart rate data, mean heart rates during 10-min periods at baseline and during the tasks were used. Comparing concentrations at baseline and immediately after the tasks provided a good index of the peak stress effect for the secondary outcome measures (Figure 1). Change from baseline values (see graphs) were calculated by subtracting values obtained immediately after the tasks from respective values at baseline. Possible confounding variables on the main effects of stress (age, BMI, cannabis use frequency, and session order) were assessed by performing separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) and considered in further statistical analyses. Influences of race, gender, and cycle phase were separately considered in further analyses, and subanalyses were carried out in subgroups of Caucasian, African-American, and Asian subjects, as well as in male participants and follicular and luteal female participants.
Third, we used Pearson's bivariate correlations and partial correlations to assess relationships between concentrations of lipids and levels of cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, and Anxiety. First, to estimate stable individual differences in these measures in the absence of stress, we used baseline concentrations from the second session to minimize variability related to the novelty of the first session. To examine correlations between the measures in response to stress, we performed bivariate correlations between stress-induced changes in lipid concentrations and stress-induced changes of cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, and Anxiety. In this analysis, a single value of stress response was calculated for each variable as follows: first, the change from baseline to 0.5min values (Cfbl) was determined for both the stress and no stress conditions; second, the effect of stress was calculated as the difference between these values for each individual (Cfbl Stress−Cfbl No Stress).
Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed with Greenhouse–Geisser correction when violations of sphericity were detected. We did not correct our primary measures for multiple comparisons because serum concentrations of the lipids are highly correlated among each other, and hence do not represent independent multiple tests. Subjective, cardiovascular, and hormonal responses to stress are expected to reflect separate and independent underlying processes. Thus, α was set at p<0.05 (two tailed) for the analyses of main stress effects on the outcome measures.
Subanalyses were corrected for multiple testing with Bonferroni–Holm corrections using the α threshold p=0.0166 for statistical significance. Correlational analyses were corrected for multiple testing using Bonferroni–Holm corrections according to the number of outcome measures examined using a p-value of 0.0125 for statistical significance.
Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the overall sample (N=71). Participants were 18–32 years old (mean: 21.51, SEM±0.43), 62% were of European American descent. Most of the subjects were college students (66.2%). None of the subjects were daily cigarette smokers, although 11.3% smoked at less frequent intervals. The subjects were light social drinkers (mean drinks per week: 2.56±0.38) and they consumed on average 5 cups of coffee per week (mean cups per week: 5.38±0.668). Approximately one-quarter (25.4%) of the subjects consumed marijuana recreationally (mean cigarettes per month for users only: 2.32±0.47), and none of the subjects were daily marijuana users. Approximately half of the subjects (56.3%) had tried marijuana at least once in their lifetime. These levels of use are typical for this age group (http://monitoringthefuture.org/). There were no significant correlations between cannabis use frequency and lipid concentrations at baseline (bivariate Pearson's correlation) or after stress (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2). There were no significant associations between age, BMI or session order and lipid concentrations at baseline or lipid concentrations after stress (one-way ANOVA, bivariate Pearson's correlation). There were no baseline differences between stress and no stress sessions (one-way ANOVA) for any of the outcome measures and no effects of session order.
As described previously (Childs et al, 2010), the TSST significantly increased serum cortisol concentrations (one-way ANOVA; p=0.003, F(1,69)=9.326), systolic blood pressure (one-way ANOVA; p=0.00005, F(1,70)=18.36), heart rate (one-way ANOVA; p=0.00003, F(1,45)=21.35), and self-reports of Anxiety (one-way ANOVA; F(1,70)=49.93; p=10−9). Figure 1 shows the time course of the secondary outcome measures for the first 30min after the stress and no stress task as changes from baseline. Supplementary Table S3 shows baseline levels of the outcome measures for stress and no stress sessions for all subjects and different race groups. Supplementary Figure S1 shows the raw cortisol data for the first 30min after the stress and no stress tasks.
To assess the main effect of stress on circulating lipids, repeated measures ANOVAs were performed comparing changes from baseline to 0.5min between the no stress and stress sessions (Figure 2). Stress significantly increased serum concentrations of AEA (one-way ANOVA; p=0.003, F(1,67)=9.27), PEA (one-way ANOVA; p=0.0004, F(1,68)=13.63), and OEA (one-way ANOVA; p=0.003, F(1,68)=9.8). Serum concentrations of 2-AG and 2-OG were increased over baseline during both sessions; however, neither change reached statistical significance. There was no difference in the change from baseline values for 2-AG and 2-OG between the stress and no stress session. Overall, the concentrations of 2-AG (Supplementary Figure S2) and 2-OG were highly variable among individuals.
As our sample was racially mixed, we performed exploratory subanalyses of the effects of stress on lipids in Caucasian (N=44; male: N=14, female: N=30), African-American (N=15; male: N=4, female: N=11), and Asian participants (N=12; male: N=5, female: N=7). Interestingly, the findings of the overall sample could be accounted for by responses among Caucasians only (Figure 3). Caucasians showed significant differences between the no stress and stress session in changes from baseline of AEA (two-way ANOVA; p=0.002, F(1,41)=10.42), PEA (two-way ANOVA; p=0.0003, F(1,42)=15.58), and OEA (two-way ANOVA; p=0.0003, F(1,42)=15.53). There was no significant increase over baseline in any of the lipids in either the no stress or stress condition in African-American or Asian subjects.
Stress significantly increased Anxiety in Caucasians (one-way ANCOVA; p=0.002, F(1,42)=11.52) and African Americans (one-way ANCOVA; p=0.00009, F(1,15)=13.00) but not in Asians. Stress significantly increased systolic blood pressure in Caucasians (one-way ANOVA; p=0.013; F(1,43)=6.66) and African Americans (one-way ANOVA; p=0.005; F(1,14)=10.86), heart rate in Caucasians only (one-way ANOVA; p=0.013; F(1,30)=17.92), and serum cortisol in Caucasians (one-way ANOVA; p=0.008; F(1,42)=7.68) and Asians (one-way ANOVA; p=0.038; F(1,11)=5.53) (Supplementary Figure S3). Although Caucasians displayed the most robust responses to stress among the groups, stress significantly affected African Americans and Asians on some of the secondary outcome measures. Except for the increase of serum cortisol in Asians, all findings remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing.
Baseline raw data of lipids and secondary outcome measures for different race groups are shown in Supplementary Table S3. There were modest differences in baseline self-reported anxiety in the no stress session between race groups (Asians>Caucasians>African Americans, one-way ANOVA: p=0.002, F(2,70)=6.30). Thus, anxiety levels at baseline were included as covariates in relevant analyses. The three different racial groups did not differ significantly at baseline on other outcome measures or on demographic measures except age (African Americans mean age 23.67 years (SEM±1.06), Caucasians 21.30 years (SEM±0.55), and Asians 19.58 years (SEM±0.43 Age did not influence the lipid response to stress in the sample.
Sex and menstrual cycle phase are known to influence responses to stress (Childs et al, 2010). Therefore, we performed subanalyses comparing men (N=23), and women in the luteal phase (N=26) and in the follicular phase (N=22). These subanalyses indicated that stress increased PEA in follicular women (one-way ANOVA; p=0.05, F(1,21)=4.32) and luteal women (one-way ANOVA; p=0.047, F(1,24)=4.37) and in men (one-way ANOVA: p=0.028, F(1,21)=5.54), and increased AEA concentrations in men (one-way ANOVA; p=0.047, F(1,21)=4.44; Figure 4). However, none of these findings remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing.
As reported previously (Childs et al, 2010), stress significantly increased Anxiety in all subgroups of subjects (follicular: one-way ANOVA; p=0.0002, F(1,21)=19.56; luteal: one-way ANOVA; p=0.0002, F(1,25)=19.82; male: one-way ANOVA; p=0.002, F(1,22)=12.52). In men, stress increased serum cortisol (one-way ANOVA; p=0.010, F(1,22)=7.96) and stress increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure in luteal women and in men (heart rate: luteal: one-way ANOVA; p=0.002, F(1,17)=13.15; men: one-way ANOVA; p=0.006, F(1,12)=10.70; systolic blood pressure: luteal: one-way ANOVA; p=0.045, F(1,25)=4.46; men: one-way ANOVA; p=0.001, F(1,22)=14.30; Supplementary Figure S4). Except for the stress-mediated increase in systolic blood pressure among luteal women, the findings remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. The subgroups of men, follicular women, and luteal women did not differ at baseline or on any of the investigated demographic measures.
We performed correlation analyses using pretask data from the second session to investigate the relationship between pretask baseline concentrations of PEA, AEA, 2-AG, and 2-OG, and baseline cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, and Anxiety. The baseline concentrations of AEA were negatively correlated with feelings of Anxiety (r=−0.294, p=0.014), which remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing (Figure 5). There were no other significant correlations between baseline concentrations of the lipids and other outcome measures.
Correlation analyses were performed using bivariate Pearson's correlation to assess associations of stress-induced changes in circulating concentrations of the lipids with stress-induced changes in cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, and Anxiety. The increase in circulating PEA following the stress session was positively correlated with serum cortisol concentrations after the stress task (r=0.37, p=0.002; Figure 6). This correlation remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. The 2-OG, but not 2-AG, concentrations were positively correlated with feelings of Anxiety after stress (r=0.28, p=0.027; Supplementary Figure S5), which was not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. Blood pressure and heart rate after stress were not correlated with any of the investigated lipids (Supplementary Figure S6).
To further investigate a possible impact of low vs high AEA basal concentrations on stress response, we conducted a median split in the baseline AEA concentration to divide the sample into high and low prestress groups. There was a trend for subjects with lower AEA concentrations at baseline to show higher cortisol release after stress compared with subjects with higher AEA concentrations at baseline (two-way ANOVA, group × condition interaction, p=0.051, F(1,66)=3.94). The high and low baseline AEA groups did not significantly differ on any other measures of stress response.
The major finding of the study is that acute psychosocial stress significantly increased serum concentrations of all three NAEs examined. This finding is consistent with other preclinical evidence that the eCB system is involved in the response to acute stress (Gorzalka et al, 2008). There was a significant, positive correlation between stress-induced increase in PEA concentration and the amount of circulating cortisol at 30s following the end of stress. Preclinical studies indicate that peripheral glucocorticoid concentrations after stress are correlated with reduced AEA concentrations in stress-responsive regions of the brain (Patel et al, 2004, 2005a; Rademacher et al, 2008; Hill et al, 2009b). eCBs and their structural analogs are able to cross the blood brain barrier (Willoughby et al, 1997; Glaser et al, 2006). Although it is possible that Circulating NAEs represent overflow of the lipids from the brain following stress, these preclinical studies indicate that stress causes a reduction in brain NAEs. The source of circulating NAEs, particularly during stress, is an important question that remains to be answered.
There was a trend for subjects with lower AEA concentrations at baseline to show greater increases in cortisol after stress, compared with participants with higher AEA concentrations at baseline. These data are interesting and suggest that baseline eCB tone regulates HPA axis reactivity to stress. A similar relationship was observed in two earlier studies: in the first, baseline circulating concentrations of AEA were inversely correlated with motion sickness in response to parabolic flights (Chouker et al, 2010) and, in the second, baseline concentrations of AEA affected reflex responses to orthostatic stress (Schroeder et al, 2009). Thus, these studies indicate that, in addition to being stress reactive, circulating eCBs also contribute to the magnitude of the stress response.
Circulating concentrations of AEA were negatively associated with Anxiety at baseline. Although these data are correlational and do not demonstrate causality, the finding is robust and suggests the hypothesis that high concentrations of AEA in the circulation are protective against anxiety. This is in agreement with a clinical study (Hill et al, 2008) as well as with findings in nonhuman models, in which inhibition of AEA metabolism has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects (Bambico et al, 2007; Naidu et al, 2007). Furthermore, the anxiolytic agent, diazepam, increases AEA in the amygdala, and bromazepam and buspirone have diminished anxiolytic effects in CB1-knockout mice (Micale et al, 2009; Uriguen et al, 2004). In humans, the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone significantly reduces nightmares and flashbacks in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (Fraser, 2009). Thus, the serum content of AEA might be a potential biomarker for both anxiety and depression. These data provide further support for the notion that inhibition of AEA catabolism could be a potential target for treating anxiety and anxiety-related psychiatric disorders.
The relative concentrations of AEA, PEA, and OEA in the circulation (PEA>OEA>AEA) parallel the relative concentrations of these lipids in the brain (Patel et al, 2005b) and likely reflect the proportion of palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids in the N-acyl position of the precursor of the NAEs, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE; Ueda et al, 2010). AEA, PEA, and OEA have overlapping but not identical biosynthetic and catabolic mechanisms (Ueda et al, 2010; Tsuboi et al, 2007). All three NAEs are substrates of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), with AEA being the best substrate of the three (Ueda et al, 1995). A second NAE hydrolysis enzyme, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), has been identified that is found in lysosomes and has an acidic pH and preferentially acts on PEA as a substrate (Tsuboi et al, 2007). The current study does not provide insights into the enzymatic processes responsible for the changes in circulating NAEs in response to stress. However, FAAH-knockout mice as well as mice treated with a FAAH inhibitor accumulate AEA but not 2-AG in response to stress (Gaetani et al, 2009). Thus, decreased FAAH activity might be responsible for mediating the observed parallel increase of all three NAEs but not of O-acylglycerols in response to stress.
Although the increase in AEA concentration coincided with the peak increase in heart rate and blood pressure, AEA concentration was not correlated with measures of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. However, it is possible that the relationship between SNS activity and AEA in the circulation is very dynamic or outside the sensitivity of our measurements. Our measurement of SNS activity and AEA concentrations were made 30s after the stress session, and hence it is possible that this is too late to determine the relationships between these responses. There was also no significant correlation between AEA and cortisol concentrations.
Unexpectedly, stress did not increase circulating concentrations of 2-AG. This is in contrast to the findings of Hill et al (2009a), who found that circulating 2-AG was higher immediately following social stress exposure than before exposure in 15 women. However, the study of Hill et al (2009a) did not include a no stress control condition, but instead reported an increase compared with prestress baseline. In our study, circulating concentrations of 2-AG and 2-OG tended to increase immediately after both the control and stress task, although they did not reach significance in either case. For unknown reasons, there was a high individual variability in 2-AG and 2-OG concentrations in the present study, which could have masked a significant stress effect on these compounds. Alternatively, peripheral 2-AG and 2-OG might not be specifically involved in response to stressful or threatening situations, but instead could be responsive to interactions or external change without regard to the salience of the situation.
We observed some individual differences in biochemical measures before and after the stress. Men exhibited greater changes from baseline in each of the NAEs compared with women, and women in the luteal phase tended to respond more strongly than women in the follicular phase. Interestingly, the increase in AEA after stress only reached statistical significance in men in subanalyses. The lack of a significant change in women is in accord with the study of Hill et al (2009a); they observed that all three NAEs increased slightly, but did not reach statistical significance following exposure of women to stress. We found interesting differences among the three racial groups represented in our sample; specifically, stress increased the NAEs but not the secondary outcome measures in Caucasians only. The finding of a possible racial difference in response to stress is consistent with several other reports of race differences (Ahwal et al, 1997; Chong et al, 2008; Sherwood et al, 1995).
There are several important limitations of this study. First, we did not obtain information about current stress levels, temperament or trait anxiety, or about the participants' exposure to early life stress, trauma, or early-life adversity. It is known that early-life mistreatment can affect responses to stress later in life, and thus early-life stress may have been an important source of individual variability in the present study (Dannlowski et al, 2012). In particular, early-life trauma could interact with either race or sex, and thus contribute to some of the individual differences reported here. It will be of interest to determine in future studies whether exposure to early childhood stressors influences the eCB responses to acute stress in adulthood. Second, our 2-AG spectra were contaminated by a peak that migrated between 2-AG and 1,3-AG. We did not include this peak in the integrations; however, its presence could have contributed to the variability in 2-AG measurements. Third, our analysis of lipids in sera obtained at various time points during the stress recovery period were confounded by the time between blood draws. We suspect that the use of heparin to flush the catheters between draws was the problem. Studies are on-going to establish this mechanism.
In conclusion, our data provide evidence that the eCB system is involved in response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy humans. Our findings are consistent with other findings suggesting that eCBs and related lipids may be useful as diagnostic agents of stress-related psychiatric disorders (Hill et al, 2009c). Future studies are needed to characterize the nature of the lipid response, including its time course and reactivity to other forms of stress. It will also be important to use other outcome measures like functional imaging or genetic analyses to understand the physiological role of the lipids, and develop their potential in psychiatric treatment.
This research was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA022439, DA02812, and MO1RR00055). We thank Patricia Kriegel and Ana Asiama for technical assistance and Drs Royce Lee and Karran Phillips for medical support. We offer many thanks to the participants.
The authors declare no conflict of interest. Dr de Wit has received support from Unilever for an unrelated research project.
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Neuropsychopharmacology website (http://www.nature.com/npp)
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text:
View More: http://lydia.pass.us/oldworlditaly
Nüd Ink Zardozi collection, coming soon!
Bound Earth - Contemporary Jewelry Design by Andrea Williams
lovely grey couture gown
Selenite (Gypsum) from Naica Mine, Chihuahua, Mexico
✪ Gorgeous India Influence in Chanel's Paris-Bombay Pre-Fall 2012 2013 collection
Don't forget about hair pieces and the conversation that goes with it | Designer unknown
by deserttalismans
crystal crown
♥ Europe at Night
A phenomenal portrait of an the Greek goddess Gaia marks the beginning of the final chapter in Kirsty Mitchell's Wonderland
Set of THREE Stackable rings. Hammered sterling by Eklektisch, $45.00
DIY Inspiration: Crystal Headband. By officialaudreykitching. I...
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Pamela Love Quartz Tribal Necklace
Spectacular. THE EMPRESS OF URUGUAY.....over 3 metres tall, amethyst geode, radiating high energy chi...this one is said to be the worlds largest and is in the crystal caves, Australia
crescent moon quartz galactic necklace by OurFolkLife on Etsy,
River Wood & Hemimorphite Crystal Ring by GlassTower on Etsy, $65.00
SUKKAR Silver Necklace Moroccan Sugar Collection by gemagenta, €138.00 *magic*
Raven Lily - Eden: Fusion Silver Bullet Bracelet, $76.00 (https://www.ravenandlily.com/eden-fusion-silver-bullet-bracelet/)
Raven Lily - Dany: Hoop (Fade-Out) Earrings, $28.00 (https://www.ravenandlily.com/dany-hoop-fade-out-earrings/)
Labradorite and sterling silver women's by ARTdesignsbyannart, $42.00
Silver Sapphire Stacking Rings Shaded Black Blue by FiveOfMine, $95.00
An Indian bride will never wear this but this would be cool for Bridesmaids as morning wear |||| #indianweddings #bridallehenga #indianmarriages

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sign up for Email Newsletter(Not more often than weekly)
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Contact NewtonSTEMEmail: firstname.lastname@example.com Phone: 1-781-462-1786
Useful Links
- Boston FIRST Robotics
- BU School of Medicine City Lab & Summer Lab
- Girls Who Code – Newton
- Governor's STEM Advisory Council
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- Inquiry First (MassSciFair blog)
- iRobot SPARK Program
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Website stuff
Author Archives: newtonstem
- Library Seeks Volunteer Instructor for 'Girls Who Code' [Opportunities]
- Women in Innovation — Story Slam: AHA Moments, Sept. 27 [Events]
- Call for Presenters, Demos, Workshops for Girl Scouts "Geek is Glam" Event at WPI, Oct. 15 [Events, Opportunities]
- STEAMy Saturday at Newton Free Library [Events]
- Newton Free Library: Upcoming STEM Events in July [Events]
- Summer STEM Fun: Khan Academy + Pixar [Resources]
- Newton Free Library: STEAM Expo, July 16 [Events]
- Mass. Bay iCREATE Summer High-School Robotics Program Presents Results, July 21 [Opportunities]
- Mass. Audubon Offers "Virtual Internship" Simulation for Land-Science Education [Resources]
- Science Club for Girls is Hiring for the Fall [Opportunities]
Library Seeks Volunteer Instructor for 'Girls Who Code'
The Newton Free Library will again offer its hugely popular Girls Who Code after-school program for girls in Grades 6-12 on Friday afternoons 4-6PM during the 2016-17 school year. Can you volunteer 2 hours per week as an instructor using the Girls Who Code computer-science curriculum? … Continue reading
Women in Innovation — Story Slam: AHA Moments, Sept. 27
Men and women in the innovation economy, young professionals, and students are invited to a free story slam focusing on Women in Innovation: AHA Moments, September 27, 4:30-6:30PM at Microsoft NERD Center (1 Memorial Drive in Cambridge). Female leaders in … Continue reading
Call for Presenters, Demos, Workshops for Girl Scouts "Geek is Glam" Event at WPI, Oct. 15
Can you — or your company or your organization — contribute to the success of the Girl Scouts' STEM Geek is Glam event at Worcester Polytechnic Institute on Saturday, October 15? Registration for girls in Grades 4-8 opens August 19, and … Continue reading
STEAMy Saturday at Newton Free Library
Yesterday there was a great turnout for the Newton Free Library's second annual STEAM Expo, with 20 interactive exhibits. Thanks to all who organized, exhibited, and participated!
Newton Free Library: Upcoming STEM Events in July
Upcoming STEM-oriented events in the Newton Free Library's calendar: Einstein's Gift to Us: Gravitational Wave Astronomy (July 18, 7-9PM): Talk by MIT Physics Professor Emeritus Dr. Rainer Weiss. Finch Robots (July 20 & 27 7-8:30PM): Second and third of a three-part series … Continue reading
Summer STEM Fun: Khan Academy + Pixar
Khan Academy and Pixar Studios have teamed up to create Pixar in a Box, a series of free online tutorials that demonstrate how STEM and the arts are used in film animation. Each tutorial focuses on the use of a concept … Continue reading
Newton Free Library: STEAM Expo, July 16
The Newton Free Library will host its third annual STEAM Expo on Saturday, July 16, 1-4PM. It's an interactive gathering of tech enthusiasts, traditional crafters, artists, musicians, educators, tinkerers, hobbyists, engineers, and students. There will be 20 exhibitors in the … Continue reading
Mass. Bay iCREATE Summer High-School Robotics Program Presents Results, July 21
The Massachusetts Bay Community College offers its iCREATE summer program for high-school students — a month-long exploration of engineering design, electronics, and coding. This summer's participants will showcase their work on July 21, noon to 1PM, on the MassBay Wellesley Hills campus (50 … Continue reading
Mass. Audubon Offers "Virtual Internship" Simulation for Land-Science Education
The Massachusetts Audubon Society invites both formal and informal educators to apply to join the Land Science Educator Network LSEN and gain free access to Land Science, its online simulation of an urban planning firm during the coming school year. … Continue reading
Science Club for Girls is Hiring for the Fall
Science Club for Girls is hiring for positions in the Fall: Cambridge: Materials Logistics Coordinator, Manager of Volunteer Programs, Accountant Lawrence: Program Manager and Program Coordinator Boston: Program Coordinator. The Cambridge headquarters is also seeking an Events and Special Projects Intern (unpaid): Write to email@example.com with subject line: … Continue reading


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Pinterest Account Of The Day: Barneys
For some of us, stepping inside a Barneys means coming face to face with enough eye candy to lure you into bankruptcy.
Well, leave it to Barneys' stylish team to help us extend that same wonderment to their Pinterest boards, with enough covetable product for entertain you for days on end. They've got all the relevant trends covered with enough pins to fuel our lust for fashion without getting us too close to a cash register. Dear Barneys, our bank accounts thank you
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This just-sweet-enough punch is perfect for summer sipping
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Pop Culture
Demi Lovato Might Have Just Revealed A Secret Justin Bieber Snapchat
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You NEED These Topshop Picks
One of the main upsides to shopping at stores like Zara, H&M, and Topshop is that when we're in a pinch (say, we've just spilled ketchup all over our white trousers or we scored an invite to a last-minute event), we're saved by the on-trend duds for (mostly) affordable prices. But when we're not in fight-or-flight mode ...
Rachel Besser
Jul 29, 2016


text: On Sat, 2006-11-18 at 03:02 -0500, Mark Doliner wrote: > I like everything except... I think we should standardize on "username" > instead of "screen name." Aside from "screen name" being kinda dumb, I t= hink > "username" is more widely recognizable, and has a meaning that is easier = to grasp. I don't disagree, and would personally prefer username, but I thought we had previously decided that we were sticking with screen name. Richard


text:
It's time once again to check in with the latest PRO Rugby standings, attendance, and scoring leaders as well as name our Player of the Week.
Player of the Week: Volney Rouse
San Francisco may not have won over the weekend falling to Denver but they put in arguably what was their best performance of the season. They got a lot of good performances in the match from the likes of Orene Ai'i but we were incredibly impressed with the effort of Volney Rouse. It was always thought that some players would use PRO Rugby to their advantage by getting better over the course of the season and Rouse is one of those players. Early on he was one of the better players for the Rush and now that they have improved results he's even more at the heart of the action.
Denver officially took back the top spot in the standing with their win over San Francisco last weekend. They have 46 points to Ohio's 42 setting up this weekend's big match. Denver can take him the title either with a win or by earning two bonus points. Elsewhere in the standings San Diego is looked into third place while San Francisco and Sacramento will battle to avoid the wooden spoon. San Francisco have a three point edge meaning Sacramento needs to win or finish level on points as they have the tie-breaker, which is the head to head results.
Take the jump to read more.


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Ratings based on 20 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.5 Room cleanliness
3.6 Service & staff
3.5 Room comfort
2.7 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveler from MO - Missouri
Room is a SuperfundsitePosted Jul 22, 2016
Checked in to a screaming band of kids and our night of hell began. Filthy, stinking room gave us a sleepless night. Pillows the size of tampons. Filthy bathroom. Staff at hotel could have cared less. My girlfriend became ill.
by A verified traveler from h
Lots to do at the Dodge House. What a chandelier!Posted Jun 24, 2016
Place needs some tlc and it wouldn't hurt to clean up a lot of the clutter, but I found it to have a ton of charm and very exemplerary of the Western motif.
by A verified traveler
Posted May 22, 2016
No water in pool, jacuzzi out of order and the old time saloon didn't have a liquor license
by A verified traveler
Right place right pricePosted May 11, 2016
Hotel comfortable. Pity the bar was closed and you couldn't get a beer in the restaurant during our stay. Luckily there was a great Mexican Grill and bar down the roadypu can walk to.
by A verified traveler from Wichita
Late check in.Posted Apr 19, 2016
Tired from driving. Pleasantly surprised when I got to my room. Nicely furnished & all the amenities we expect when traveling. Blow dryer, iron, love-seat setting area. Very clean.
by Douglas from N. Van
Why advertise free breakie and bar onsite?Posted Mar 18, 2016 on Hotels
All was excellent and good value but the free breakfast that was advertized was "not happening anymore" as advised at check in....not so cool. dated property but highly recommended....
by A verified traveler from Kansas
close to the arenaPosted Mar 16, 2016 on Orbitz
Pros: close to the arena
Cons: a few more plug ins. What they had, they were using.
Location: Not to much. Hey it is Dodge City. There is a great museum.
It was fine. The staff is great. No breakfast about a dollar off the buffet at the restaurant.
by A verified traveler from Ft Worth
Don't get a room facing the atriumPosted Mar 15, 2016 on Orbitz
First, breakfast was NOT included. Our room opened on to the atrium. Kids played basketball up until 10pm, and ball kept hitting right outside our door. Could hear people climbing up and down the spiral staircases. Bed was old and towels were thin. Extremely disappointed. In major need of remodel
by Chris
Posted Mar 14, 2016 on Hotels
by A verified traveler from wichita, ka
Hotel has great potentialPosted Mar 6, 2016
The hotel in general is not a bad place to stay. However, maintenance needs done and the staff needs to be coached in cleanliness throughout motel . My floor had a huge stain that resembled a milk spill . The stain was dried si wondered if maybe it was an acid spill that might have bleached the carpet? I took a wet cloth and a bit of soap and the stain could have easily been removed


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Great shops and attractions. We ate at Bar Truman and it was outstanding!! A lot of city culture there and a large variety of food options. Young to old will love this place. A... read more
Your coupon (that we'll email you) gets you 20% off when you spend at least $250 on tours, activities and more that you can book on TripAdvisor or Viator. The more you spend, the more you save!
To learn more about this Book on TripAdvisor Bonus, Viator, and the full list of official rules, click here.


text:
12:19AM | Updated Date: Jul 30 2016 1:25AM Photo: Mubashir Khan/GK Three teenage boys were injured when Army opened fire on a protest rally in... ...http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/224258.html
Hyderabad: Ms. Jyotsana Devi, Telugu Devi of Safdaria High School retired from service on attaining superannuation. A grand function was organized... ...http://www.siasat.com/news/ms-jyotsna-devi-felicitated-safdaria-school-993059/
The lady will be working with Sana Shahnawaz Manjulika of Kavach , actress Sara Khan is all set to be the first Indian actress to do a Pakistani... ...http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/sara-khan-all-set-to-become-the-first-indian-tv-actress-to-do-a-show-in-pakistan/
IMAGE: Ravichandran Ashwin celebrates a wicket. Photograph: Brendon Thorne/Getty Images India off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin surged to the top of... ...http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/india-ravichandran-ashwin-world-no-1-bowler-all-rounder-in-tests-west-indies/20160726.htm
Hyderabad: Mr. Nawab Shah Aalam Khan hosted a reception on the arrival of Academician Mr. Ahmed Rasheed Sherwani at Hyderabad. Several literary and... ...http://www.siasat.com/news/intellectuals-lament-dying-urdu-education-among-muslims-990360/


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Today's "what the f*!?" moment comes out of Gastonia, where a woman was arrested after she threatened to blow up the police department.
Cops arrested Amanda Barnes, 37, on Sunday and charged her with "felony attempting malicious damage to government building by explosives," according to the Observer.
Her arrest warrant states that she "unlawfully, willfully and feloniously did attempt to maliciously damage the building owned and occupied by the Gaston County Police Department by the use of an explosive and incendiary device and material," said Sgt. Robert Mitchem with the Gaston County Sheriff's Office.
Read the full story here.
Delette Nycum was my great-grandmother.
Goddamn this town is a drag.
His voice just creeps me out. That is all.


text:
- Official Release
As fresh on the scene as his name may seem, Freddie Gibbs is not a newcomer by any means. After a less than fruitful stint with Interscope, Gibbs' name still rings bells with industry cats, but the listening public isn't wasn't aware (emphasis on the past tense). The past few months have seen the Gary-raised rapper regrouping & taking control of the direction of his career, making it his task to make sure that people knew his name & skills. At this point and after the Miseducation…tape, I think it's safe to say he has the listening ear of many and the potential to gain even more fans. Backed by DJ Skee, midwestgangstaboxframecadillacmuzik is another notable feather in his fitted. With no further adieu, download, listen & enjoy.
- 64,811
- 55,919


text:
Recent Posts
- Tokyo Twilight Ghost Hunters Daybreak: Special Gigs arriving Sept. 20
- Team Psycho Soldier gets to singing, kicking in King of Fighters XIV
- Doom trailer showcases free Update 2, Unto the Evil DLC dated
- First screenshots released from revamped Pathologic
- Dead Rising 4 gameplay footage released from Comic-Con
Fancy A Date?
Daily Archives: April 23, 2012
Batman: Arkham City GOTY Edition, new mission DLC announced
Gamers who missed out on last year's Batman: Arkham City are now going to get the chance to catch up all in one go with Batman: Arkham City Game of the Year Edition. Set to launch on May 29 for the 360 and PS3, the GOTY Edition will include the base game, the Harley Quinn's Revenge two-hour epilogue chapter, all five DLC packs, and a Batman Year One movie download. Owners of Arkham City will be able to play Harley Quinn's Revenge as well when it launches on Live and PSN on May 29.
Max Payne 3 PC requirements, screens released
Rockstar has announced the system requirements for the PC version of their upcoming shooter Max Payne 3. To spruce up an otherwise drab update, the studio released some new screenshots as well. To ensure that gamers' systems are up to snuff, in addition to the requirements, Rockstar has put up a compatibility page to detail specific hardware pieces. The PC version was developed alongside the console versions and will support DirectX11, and while it will support many advanced options, it is also being optimized "to run across a wide range of PC setups."


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Blood Root Valley
10th Annual Family Holiday Craft Workshop
Saturday, December 14, 2013
1:00 p.m.–3:00 p.m.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
Join resident artist Kathy Trimarco as she leads a family craft workshop in which participants create pieces inspired from natural objects. Program suitable for ages 8 and up. Registration and pre-payment required.
Fee per craft participant $10 Greenbelt Conservancy members; $12 non-members.
Event Organizer
Staten Island Greenbelt Conservancy
Contact Number
(718) 351-3450
Contact Email
Related Links
Arts & Crafts, Nature, Best for Kids, Winter Holidays
Additional Media
Directions to Blood Root Valley
Blood Root Valley Weather
- Arts, Culture, and Fun: Jazz Concert
- Forest Stewards
- Sing Along with Patrick
- Summer Sports Experience at Greenbelt
- Arts, Culture & Fun Presents: Screening of The Girls in the Band


text:
jobs near Brooklyn, NY
Refine your searchClear Filters
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Complete Neurological Care - New York, NY
Required license or certification:. Looking for a full time or part time neurologist who will provide outstanding health care to patients who are experiencing...
Coffee and Vending Machine Mechanic
The Answer Group - New York, NY
Required license or certification:. Must have a clean license and bring the last MVR. Repair and rebuild vending machines both in house and in the field -...
Dedicated CDL Truck Driver - Better Pay, Home Time, and Miles!
C.R. England - New York State
As a truck driver, you have already earned our respect. Truck Drivers not only START here- They FINISH here....
YBN Sales Director, NYC
Yodle - New York, NY
To create an environment where you can own your ideas and run with them, no matter where you happen to fall on the org chart....
Nuclear Cardiologist
Gramercy Cardiac Diagnostic Services - New York, NY
Gramercy Cardiac Diagnostic Services is seeking a BC, fellowship trained, nuclear cardiologist to join our dynamic and growing practice....
Bus Mechanic - Field Service (s)
Mechanics Hub - New York, NY
Spend some time on the open road in both New York State and Pennsylvania with a brand new Resident Field Mechanic position working primarily on buses for one of...
Quality Control Manager (Chinese & English) Night Shift
TMI Trading Corp - Brooklyn, NY
Required license or certification:. Effectively interact with Production and Development teams to maintain quality of incoming goods and manufactured finished...
Pelham Physical Medicine - Bronx, NY
No weekends/night calls. The ideal candidate is an independent self-started with excellent verbal and writing skills, knowledge of Medicare guidelines,...
DEDICATED LANE - CDL Truck Driver Needed in New York!
C.R. England - New York State
Dedicated, Intermodal, Regional, National, Solo, Team Driving, Driver trainer, Instructors. Experienced CDL-A drivers with a safe and clean record are offered...
iCIMS Virtual Career Fair - Marketing Office Hours
iCIMS - New York, NY
Marketing Office HoursChat one-on-one with a recruiter to learn more about what iCIMS has to offer your careers. Join us online on July 26, 2016 from 12:00


text:
Hard Breakers (2011)
Hard Breakers Photos
Movie Info
as Alexis Bell
as Lindsay Greene
as Hertz Waters
as Harold Bell
as Shari Sutter
as Travis
as Tyler
as Jared
as Shay
as Jodie
as Carey
as Bobby
as Jesse
as Lavonne
as Ms. Independence
as Igor
as Surfer Babe
as Steve
as Marcus
as Mischa
as Brad
as Chet
as Lacy
as Evan
as Zack
as Bartender
as Casting Director
as Max
as Bouncer 2
as Henry
as Koby
as Soccer Mom
as Party Girl 1
as Party Girl 2
as Stripper Susie
as Jerome
as Average Joe 1
as Jello Enthusiast
as Average Joe 2
as Bouncer One
as James
as Eddie
as Kendra
as DJ
as Donnie
as The Ringers Vocalist
as The Ringers Bassist
as Neanderthal
as The Ringers Drummer
as Server
as Skaterboy One
as Tough Guy
as Party Girl 1
as The Ringers - Bassist
as The Ringers Guitarist
as Jack
as Dave
Critic Reviews for Hard Breakers
All Critics (7) | Fresh (1) | Rotten (6)
No excerpt available.
Woefully inept and stupendously unfunny -- a movie that slots into that special sub-category of terrible, the one that calls out for alcohol and friends with an appreciation for barbed derision.
A battle-of-the-sexes farce where vindictive females force their unsuspecting prey to be friends with benefits, whether they want some or not!
Remember those teen sex comedies like Losin' It that started the careers of people like Tom Cruise? This isn't one of them.
The film might be the closest approximation to the gender inverse of an Apatow flick.
Giving the genre a refreshing gender curl, the picture still falls short in the laugh department, with a distinctly stale sitcom air penetrating the relatively vulgar mood.
Audience Reviews for Hard Breakers
There are no audience reviews yet. Hurry, submit your review so you can be first!
Discussion Forum
Discuss Hard Breakers on our Movie forum!


text:
SilverStone Strider Plus ST1000-P 1000W Modular Power Supply
Inside the Box
Opening the box reveals the user manual and a tightly packed and well padded box that will ensure the ST1000-P doesn't arrive damaged. The white box in the bottom left corner contains the power cable.
Removing the foam from the top reveals the power supply and a massive bundle of cables.
Other than the user manual and power cable, SilverStone also supplies you with thumb screws for mounting and several zip ties along with reusable velcro ties for cable management.
Here we finally get our first good look at the ST1000-P. While most manufacturers choose to ship modular power supplies with the modular cables separate from the power supply, SilverStone chooses to ship the ST1000-P with all of the cables pre-attached.
The top is void of information and features a stamped SilverStone logo in the power supply.
SilverStone keeps air restriction to an absolute minimum on the back of the ST1000-P. The only reason that there couldn't be any less restriction is because of the need for the mounting holes and connector for the power cable.
On one side of the ST1000-P is the output specification label, quality control labels, serial number, and an 80 Plus Silver sticker, while the other side is blank.
On the front we can see all of the modular connections. Even the 24 pin and ATX 4+4/EPS12V connectors are modular. SilverStone also offers a short cable kit for the ST1000-P for those that don't need the longer cables supplied in the box.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
- Page 1 [Introduction, Specifications, Availability and Pricing]
- Page 2 [The Packaging]
- Page 3 [Inside the Box]
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- Seagate unveils the industry's broadest 10TB portfolio
- G.SKILL announces a major software update for the RIPJAWS KM780 RGB mechanical gaming keyboard


text:
Popular Stories
Latest Stories
For over a century, the southern Italian communities of Brooklyn have gathered to raise a huge tower in honor of a legendary tale. The eleven-day festival — near the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Williamsburg — celebrates the story of San Paolino di Nola and brings New York's Italian population together for the Giglio Feast with food, games, and more. On Sunday, July 10, Giglio Sunday took place, with a large group of men hoisting up the 82-foot tall Giglio tower — which weighs in at four tons.
Photos by C.S. Muncy for the Village Voice
Bars keep popping up on Nostrand Avenue in Crown Heights, trying to keep up with the neighborhood's gentrification as it moves east from Franklin. In 2013, Nostrand Avenue Pub opened up and was joined in 2015 by the sleek Two Saints and Miami-influenced King Tai. Now, another bar is vying...
If you've made an early trip to the Wonder Wheel this year, you've probably noticed the giant white wing of the new Coney Island Amphitheater rising just west of the Brooklyn Cyclones stadium. Opening this Saturday with a Ziggy Marley concert, the modern bandshell is a dramatic addition to the...
Merpeople took over Coney Island on a sunny Saturday afternoon for the 34th annual Mermaid Parade. Shells, fins, and pearls galore were on display as the mermaids marched down Surf Avenue and along the boardwalk, showing off some of the most intricate costumes this side of Halloween. From a Beetlejuice-inspired group to plenty of David Bowie-themed merfolk, there was no shortage of pop culture-influenced costumes at the parade.
It's a balmy Saturday morning in mid-June, and at Spring Creek Education Campus in East New York a group of high schoolers are gathering for a first-of-its kind sporting match in the neighborhood. The home team players, from the Academy for Young Writers High School, mill around and talk strategy,...
Tame Impala played to a sold-out crowd on a beautiful night at Prospect Park as part of the BRIC Celebrate Brooklyn! Festival on June 15. The psychedelic rockers brought more than just their summer-ready jams — they also, fittingly, rocked behind a trippy, colorful light show. The band will play another (very sold-out) show along with Dungen at the Prospect Park Bandshell on June 16.
Photos by Alex Pines for the Village Voice


text:
Carroll, nicknamed Superman in his playing days, is one of the greatest goalies in the history of the Western Professional Hockey League/Central Hockey League. He will coach the goalies.
Carroll joined the Mudbugs in 2000 and was named Rookie of the Year and Goaltender of the Year. During his nine seasons, he set several CHL records and won a WHPL championship. He lives in McKinney, Texas, with his wife, Janae, and children Hudson and Harper. He also is the general manager of the Dr. Pepper Star Center in Richardson, Texas.
During his playing days in Shreveport-Bossier City, Carroll served as an inspiration to George Cloutier, the former youth hockey goaltender whose name graces the rink at Hirsch Coliseum.
Campbell, nicknamed Soupy, will serve as Director of Operations and assistant coach. He is currently the Youth Hockey Program Director for the Ark-La-Tex Amateur Hockey Association. Campbell and Shanda, his wife of 13 years, have three children — Maddie, Cade and Ali. They reside in Bossier City.
An active member of the community, Campbell coaches both boys and girls soccer for Bossier Parks and Recreation. He also coaches lacrosse.
The Shreveport Mudbugs, a member of the NAHL, open their season on Sept. 29 against Lone Star at Hirsch Coliseum.
— Staff Reports]]>
41st Annual Red River Revel Headliners Announced
The Polyphonic Spree, God Is On the Move Tour, Judah & the Lion, The Revivalists, The Mother Truckers, Lance Lopez Band, The Kentucky Headhunters, and A Thousand Horses to headline festival in downtown Shreveport, Oct. 1-8
SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER, LA – The Primary Sponsors of the 2016 Red River Revel Arts Festival – the Junior League of Shreveport-Bossier, CHASE, City of Shreveport, Pepsi Beverages Company and The Alta & John Franks Foundation – invite you to celebrate the 41st annual Red River Revel, October 1-8. Attracting more than 120,000 visitors to Festival Plaza in downtown Shreveport, the largest outdoor arts festival in North Louisiana kicks off with the annual Revel Run at 8 a.m. Saturday, October 1 (to register, visit www.SportSpectrumUSA.com).
Enjoy national headliners, local and regional bands, and artistic performers on four stages along with 108 visual artist booths, 23 food booths, and entire areas dedicated to fun at Revel 41! Admission is $5 on weekends and after 5:30 p.m. on weekdays, free on Monday, and free any day with a valid military ID. Eight-day passes, which include admission to the entire festival, may be purchased for $10. For more information, visit www.RedRiverRevel.com.
Headliners for the 41st annual Red River Revel include: The Polyphonic Spree in conjunction with Louisiana Music Prize (10/1); God is on the Move Tour ft. 7eventh Time Down and Audio Adrenaline (10/2); Judah & the Lion (10/5), The Revivalists / Lance Lopez (10/6); The Mother Truckers / The Kentucky Headhunters (10/7); and A Thousand Horses (10/8). Revel favorites Trout Fishing in America and Dana Louise and the Glorious Birds will return to delight their loyal fans (10/7 & 10/8). Newcomers Be the Groove and Sally & George will entertain festival attendees and provide arts education components throughout the festival.
The Red River Revel Arts Festival is ranked one of the Top 10 Events in Louisiana by Top Events USA, a Top 100 Fine Arts Festivals in the United States by Sunshine Artist Magazine, an official AAA Southern Traveler "Travel Treasure," and a Top 20 Event in the Southeast by the Southeast Tourism Society. For more details and headliner bios, visit www.RedRiverRevel.com. For more information on things to see and do in Shreveport-Bossier, visit www.Shreveport-Bossier.org.
Photo Courtesy of: Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau
Festival Plaza during the Red River Revel Arts Festival in 2011.]]>
Barbara Arnold Armitage
BOSSIER CITY, LA – Funeral services for Mrs. Barbara Arnold Armitage, 74, will be held at Hill Crest Memorial Funeral Home on Friday, July 29, 2016, at 3:00 p.m. Conducting the service will be Rev. David Dietzel and Rev. Uriah Oxford. Interment will follow in Hill Crest Memorial Park. Visitation will begin at 2:00 p.m. prior to the service. Barbara was born on December 31, 1941, in Shreveport, LA., and passed away on the evening of July 26, 2016, with her loving family surrounding her.
Barbara, along with her husband Jerry, raised three sons and three daughters. This August would have marked 58 years of marriage with the man she has loved since she was 16 years old. Her whole life was devoted to her family who meant everything to her. She was a wonderful cook and enjoyed nothing more than dinners with her family.
Barbara is preceded in death by her son, Michael Armitage; parents, James and Zemmeriah Arnold; brother, Ben Arnold; and nephews, Billy Hawkins and Jeff Arnold. She is survived by her husband, Jerry Armitage; her children, Pam Hardiman and husband Dennis, Steve Armitage and wife Dondra, Nancy Holcomb and husband Mike, Kirk Armitage and wife Cheri, and Deanna Zimmerman and husband Brad; sister, Jane Hawkins and husband Doug; grandchildren, Lindsey Robbins, Jessica Duos, Holley Chapman, Justin Markiel, Madyson Armitage, and Matthew Holcomb; great-grandchildren, Rylie, Nathan, Braelyn, Memphis, Kingston, and Weston; numerous nieces and nephews; and several relatives in Kentucky.
Pallbearers are Brandon Chapman, Braden Arnold, Robbie Duos, Chris Robbins, Alan Cason, and Glenn Whittington.
Memorials can be made to the CRD No Limits Foundation, which was started by her great-granddaughter, Rylie, to help children with special needs. Send donations to CRD No Limits Foundation, 184 Cycle Plant Rd. Benton, LA 71006, or the memorial of choice.
You may offer condolences to the family by visiting www.hillcrestmemorialfh. com.
Hill Crest Memorial Funeral Home
Haughton, LA
HAUGHTON, LA – Services for Mary "Nana" Vanderpool will be 2 p.m. Friday, July 29, 2016 at Rose-Neath's Bossier Chapel. Of ficiating will be Rev. Harrell Shelton of Airline Baptist Church. A committal service will be at 4 p.m. at DeBerry Cemetery, De Berry, TX. Visitation will be 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. on Thursday, July 28, 2016 at Rose-Neath Funeral Home, Bossier City, LA.
Mary was born July 6, 1940 in Malvern, AR and died July 26, 2016 in Haughton, LA. She was a member of Airline Baptist Church. Mary was a retired LPN. She enjoyed singing, traveling with her grandchildren and Broadway musicals.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Lawrence Franklin Vanderpool; parents, Clarence and Betty Phillips and mother and father-in-law, Clifford and Edith Adkins.
Mary is survived by her daughters, Donna Thorn and husband, James, Debbie Vanderpool, Diane Vanderpool and Michael Jeter, Sonya Wildcat, Gail Scott; sisters, Phillis Washeleski and husband, Joseph, Sharon Snodgrass and husband, Ted; brother, Steve Phillips and wife, Patricia; grandchildren, Hannah Thorn, Hayden Thorn, Dallas Vanderpool, MichaelAnne Vanderpool, Michael "JJ" Jeter, Jr., Victoria Scott, David McGlumphy and Connie Maikai; special nieces, Jodi Craig and Jackie Darner; best friends, Mary McClain, Dr. Clint and Gracie McAlister, the doctors and staff at Orthopedic Specialists and a host of other family and friends.
Honoring Mary as pallbearers will be, Hayden Thorn, Clay Craig, Brad Darner, Joseph Washeleski, Steve Phillips and Michael Jeter. Honorary pallbearers will be, David McGlumphy, Caleb Gullion, Zack Darner and Statler Craig.
Rose-Neath Funeral Home
Bossier Chapel
Edna I. Andrews Holcomb "Mama Jean"
Bossier City, LA – A memorial service will be held at First Baptist Church Haughton Saturday July 30th at 11:00 AM. Officiating the service will be Brother Scotty Gibson. There will be a private burial following the service.
Mrs. Holcomb entered into rest on July, 20 2016 at the age of 84. She was a loving mother to her children and to many others who knew her as "Mama Jean". She was an excellent cook and enjoyed preparing meals for her family and friends, being with her grandchildren, and working crossword puzzles on her patio with a good cup of coffee. She loved birds, especially parakeets and cardinals. She was loving, kind, generous and always witty. She was loved by everyone who knew her.
She was preceded in death by her husband Thomas M. Holcomb, parents Mr. and Mrs. James Andrews, her son Thomas Dale Holcomb, grandsons Aaron and Austin Trowbridge, sisters Mary Ann Weaver, Sandra Bradley and brother Eugene Andrews.
She is survived by her sons Michael Holcomb and wife Nancie, Rick Holcomb and wife Amanda, her daughters Marian Rainer and husband Mike, Debbie Donald and husband Scott, Donna Trowbridge and husband Jeff, Teresa Green, Tammie Dawson and husband Ted. Her grandchildren Beth LeBlanc and husband Auguste, Holley Chapman and husband Brandon, Ashley and Tyler Trowbridge, Garrett and Allyson Green, Matthew Holcomb, Lance Holcomb, David and wife Darby, Jordan, Dylan and Brooke Dawson, Lyndsey Bardwell and husband Sean, Casey Rainer and wife Sarah. Great grandchildren Braelyn Chapman, Arya Dawson, Asa, Amity and Alexis Curtis and Ava Bardwell.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the ALS Association.
"A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another." John 13:34
Barbara Anne Ward
BOSSIER CITY, LA – Graveside services for Barbara Anne Ward will be 10 a.m. Saturday, July 30, 2016 at Hill Crest Memorial Park Cemetery. Officiating will be Rev. Pike Thomas. A Memorial Mass will be held at a later date. Barbara was born August 6, 1931 in Fall River, MA to Edward and Alice Croke and died July 21, 2016 in Shreveport, LA.
Mom was a supportive air force wife and through Dad's travels enjoyed opportunities that provided her children worldly experiences. Barbara was a volunteer for the Red Cross; specifically for Viet Nam War Casualties at Clark AFB, Philippines and a gallon blood donor until her health declined. She was an avid golfer, a member of Palmetto, Barksdale and Shreveport Women's Golf Associations and a member of the Webster Bass Master organization. She was a member of St. Jude Catholic Church.
Her husband, Henry T. Ward and her parents preceded her in death.
Barbara is survived by four children, Judy Madden and husband, Gary, Thomas Ward, Danny Ward and wife, Tammy and Tegwin Hughes, all of Bossier City, LA; grandchildren, Amanda Madden, Brandon Madden, Mitchell Ward, Kelli Ward, Danielle Ward, Cody Haynes, Abie Filler and husband, Adam; six great grandchildren and one due in October and lifelong friend, Yvonne Osbourn Micinski.
The family would like to thank Dr. John Chandler and staff for their compassionate care of our loved one.
The family suggests memorials to St. Jude Childrens Hospital, 501 St. Jude Place, Memphis, TN 38105-1942 or to St. Jude Catholic Church, 4700 Palmetto Rd., Benton, LA 71006.
Rose-Neath Funeral Home
Bossier Chapel
"Please let me first thank Chancellor (Larry) Clark, Mr. (LSUS AD Lucas) Morgan and the members of the search committee for giving me this opportunity," Loyd said. "I also want to thank my family — Holly, K-anna, Mia, Hunter, Ethel Loyd, my extended family, friends, former coaches and colleagues for their love and support. We are all excited to join the Pilot Family.
"Mr. Morgan has a great vision and high expectations for the women's basketball Program and for myself to continue to thrive in a positive direction. This program will have a team first attitude and maintain on the foundation of Integrity, Persistence, Passion and Competing. I want to cultivate this program with quality recruits who will be positive representatives to LSU Shreveport and Shreveport community."
"We are excited for Curtis to join the Pilot family as our new women's basketball coach," Morgan said. "He brings a wealth of experience from the highest level and we know he can take our program to places it hasn't been before."
Coach Loyd will take over a team left by the departed coach Valerie Huizar who led the squad to the National Tournament in both seasons as the head coach. He brings a wealth of coaching knowledge to the floor with 19 years of experience as an assistant coach at the NCAA Division I level.
Loyd comes to Shreveport from the Indiana University where he has served as the assistant coach under head coach Teri Morgan the past two seasons. Last season he helped the Hoosiers to an overall record of 21-12 which was the school's best record since the 2008-2009 season.
Over the years Loyd has developed a reputation of being an outstanding recruiter and an extremely hard worker. He says that his team will be aggressive and play with passion and will be competitive but all that will come after successful trips on the recruiting trail.
"It is my goal to recruit good people and that will make good things not only happen on the court but in the classroom as well," Loyd said. "I don't just want a great team but a great program."
Prior to his stop in Bloomington, Loyd was the associate head coach in his two previous stops: Minnesota (2010-2014) and Akron (2009-2010). He was an assistant coach at his first three stops in his career: Virginia (2004-2009), Arizona (1999-2004) and Colorado State (1996-1999).
His playing career consisted of two seasons at Northeastern Junior College (1989-1991) and Southern Utah University (1991-1993) in addition to playing professionally in Switzerland from 1994-1996. In 1993-1994 Loyd was the graduate assistant and team manager at his alma mater Southern Utah as he worked for both the basketball and track teams and later organized the first Slam and Jam 3-on-3 Tournament in addition to working with the teams marketing program assisting with promotions and advertisements.
— LSUS Sports Information]]>
The Bossier Office of Homeland Security is conducting an exercise in conjunction with Town of Haughton and other first responders Thursday evening at First Baptist Church, located at 105 E. Washington in Haughton. Residents and people in the area may see a large number of emergency response vehicles on or near the church facility Thursday afternoon. It's only a drill!]]>
The idea for a treat bag distribution was started by Haley Thomas, a senior at Haughton High School. She wanted to do something special for law enforcement, so she organized an effort to unify the community through love and support for law enforcement.
"I was coming home one day," Thomas explained, "and I saw a group of police officers. I was able to grab some candy [to give them], and I was able to speak with the officers and pray with them. Mom took it to Facebook. People just grabbed ahold of it, and it's just grown so much."
Simply titled "Prayers And Support For Local Law Officers," the program is a way to let officers and deputies know the community has their backs. Each bag is filled with pre-packaged snacks, bottled water, a sports drink, gum, candy and a laminated Bible scripture of protection and safety. There are also hand written notes of encouragement and thanks in each one.
Last week, the treat bags were distributed at the Bossier Sheriff's Office Viking Drive substation. Helping Thomas distribute the bags were students from Princeton Elementary School: Malachi Hickey, Abbie Hooper, Kevin Baker, Katelyn Baker, Shelby Haley, Chloe Stanfield, Sara Garcia, Brooklyn Morris, Taylor Bourn, Cameron Nevels, Jesseca Patton, Meredith Darby, Jordyn Stuessy, and Sophia Frisk.
Bossier Sheriff's Patrol Capt. Corky Bridges said, "We're fortunate here in Bossier to have a community that supports us. Gestures of appreciation like this really hit home with us."
Having gathered bags initially for the Haughton Police Department and now the Bossier Sheriff's Department, Thomas hopes this this effort will grow so they might also serve the Bossier City Police, Benton Police, Caddo Parish Sheriff's Department, Shreveport Police and outlying communities.
"This was something placed on my heart and I thank the Lord that it happened," Thomas said. "My heart is completely overjoyed. They do so much for us and we want people to support our officers."
Bossier Sheriff Julian Whittington said, "It really touches our hearts to see such an outpouring of appreciation from the residents of our parish, especially in times like this, when relations in some areas have become strained, sometimes to the breaking point. We'll show our gratitude by continuing to work as hard as we can to keep Bossier safe."
Haughton hung with a powerful Shreveport All-Stars team before falling 5-2 in the championship round Tuesday. Haughton would have had to defeat Shreveport twice to win the title.
Shreveport, which will represent Louisiana in the 12 O-Zone World Series in Laurel, Miss., had won every game by at least 10 runs before facing Haughton.
Members of the state runner-up team are Ryan Rimmer, Chase Keith, Jake Pieri, Logan Carmack, Jackson Voigt, Hunter Tolbert. Braden Franks, Landon Ruybal, Sergio Delgado, Jacob Hernandez, Connor Blank and Dakota Delahoussaye.
Haughton's Ryan Rimmer hit a home run. Chase Keith started on the mound and pitched well. Jacob Hernandez came on in relief.
The score was tied at 2 in the bottom of the fourth with Sergio Delgado getting an RBI for Haughton. Shreveport's Donald Bickham broke the deadlock with a two-run home run in the bottom of the fourth. Shreveport starter Caden Akana pitched three innings and was relieved by Kirk Martinson.
The District 4 champion Bossier All-Stars also had a good tournament, going 2-2.
Team members are Noble Means, Hayden Smith, Kynner Miller, Nathan Fielder, Triston Hargrave, Caleb Hemmings, Steven Gilbreath, Carson Carey, Coleman Beeson, Harrison Waxley, Keegan Lehr and Dylan Procell.
Coaches are Eddie Fitzpatrick, Trey Smith and Chris Fielder.
— Russell Hedges, firstname.lastname@example.com]]>


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Bharat Book Bureau: Global Enterprise Search Market 2014-2018
(M2 PressWIRE Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) Enterprise search involves finding and retrieving information from various sources such as content management systems, email archives, enterprise databases, and file servers for enterprise use. Enterprise search software provides a user interface for users to gain instant access to information owned by the enterprise as well as external public information. In order to facilitate easy access, and since not all users have the same access rights, metadata files are created across different repositories of information. In order to overcome financial losses related to poor search and to increase employee productivity, enterprises are adopting enterprise search software and solutions.
TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global Enterprise Search market will grow at a CAGR of 19.35 percent over the period 2013-2018.
Covered in this Report This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Enterprise Search market for the period 2014-2018. To calculate the market size, the report considers revenue generated from the sales and installations of enterprise search solutions. The report also presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the top four vendors in the market. In addition, the report discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the Global Enterprise Search market. It also outlines the challenges faced by the vendors and the market at large, as well as the key trends that are emerging in the market.
The Global Enterprise Search Market 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers the Global Enterprise Search market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
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Creative Labs ZiiSound D5 Bluetooth SoundBar
Technical Overview
Speaking technically, let's start by looking at some specifications.
Bluetooth Version: Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
Power Output: 15watts RMS (each channel)
Frequency Response: 45-20KHz
Supported Bluetooth profiles:
* A2DP (Wireless Stereo Bluetooth)*
* AVRCP (Bluetooth Remote Control)**
Frequency: 2.4 GHz
Operating Range: Up to 10 meters (measured in open space. Walls and structures may affect range of device)
Dimensions (L x W x H): 42.5cm x 11cm x 9cm (16.7" x 4.3" x 3.5")
Weight: 3.8Kg / 8.4lbs
The ZiiSound uses a very high quality digital amp and digital processing stage to maintain total signal integrity. The efficiency of this amp is given at 80% which is really quite good. This amp also uses a MOSFET output stage which is real hi-fi spec.
The D5 uses a single monocoque exo-skeleton for maximum rigidity. This shell also features strengthening pillars inside to aid in this process. The use of a special baffle design has been implemented in order to further project the sound in the way a horn loaded speaker would, but without the coloration.
The drivers are custom specified dispersion controlled units. Basically, a lot of time and engineering has gone into ensuring that these drivers disperse the sound very well indeed.
Inside the ZiiSound D5 lies some very exciting technology, arguably the most important of which is Apt-X. Below are some technical figures for its performance for Bluetooth applications. Basically it's a proprietary audio codec that allows for high fidelity audio to be sent wherever needed and is used right the way through to professional performances.
- Apt-X (for) Bluetooth Specs
Compression Ratio: 4:1
Audio Format: 16-bit, 44.1kHz (CD-Quality)
Data Rates: 352Kbps
Frequency Response: 10Hz to 22kHz
Algorithmic Delay: 92bB, THD+N -68.8dB
Furthermore, Apt-X say that when incorporated into A2DP Bluetooth products Apt-X (Bluetooth) can deliver full wired audio quality without the wires. Whether your music is stored uncompressed or in a compressed format such as MP3, AAC, FLAC etc. the result should still sound the same as a wired system, according to their company spiel.
Interesting enough, the claim of having 2Mbit's of headroom with this codec is, well, quite a big one. Also Interesting to us was how this version of Apt-X samples the whole spectrum of sound from 10-22KHz which basically takes the Bluetooth rule book and shreds it. This certainly sounds like an exciting revival for Bluetooth, but there is still more of interest away from this codec.
This system is quite heavy and feels like it's a solid piece of material out of which space for everything has been carved and has two heavy duty gun metal end caps to finish it all off nicely. There are two 2.75" speaker drivers of a very high quality inside. There is also a small bass port on the rear of the unit to provide a little bit of a thump to everything.
There is a very neat little touch control volume slider that eliminates the need for having any dials or knobs on the system. There is, however, a single switch located in the most awkward place possible; right at the rear of the system, down the bottom.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
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