text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 12, 1999
|Filing date
|Dec 9, 1996
|Priority date
|Dec 9, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Gene F. Young, Roy M. Stevens, Larry C. James
|Original Assignee
|Intel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (8), Classifications (7), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to multiprocessor computer systems having multiple cache memories and a shared memory and, more particularly, to multiprocessor computer systems employing directory-based protocols for maintaining cache coherency.
The past several years have seen near exponential increases in the performance, speed, integration density, and capacity of computer systems. These improvements coupled with the decrease in costs for computer systems, have resulted in more expansive utilization of computer systems the development of more sophisticated and resource intensive computer applications. According to recent historical trends, application memory requirements double yearly. Although the costs for computer systems and components has steadily declined in recent years, high speed RAM memory utilized in system main memory and cache memories remains one of the highest cost components within most computer systems.
System and cache memories, used primarily for the temporary storage of data, application software and operating system software, are also being utilized within more sophisticated multiprocessor systems for the storage of parity bits, cache coherency state information, and error detection and/or correction syndrome bits. These additional memory requirements of multiprocessor systems, and the higher memory demands of advanced operating systems and applications, result in an increased demand, and cost, for high speed RAM.
More efficient methods for utilizing high speed system and cache memory, and for reducing system and cache memory requirements, are desired.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and useful directory-based cache coherency memory system for a multiprocessor computer system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a system method which reduces memory overhead requirement for the storage of memory state information.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a new and useful directory-based cache coherency memory system for a multiprocessor computer system including a shared system memory and multiple cache memories, wherein two state bits are associated with each line of memory within system memory for maintaining memory coherency.
There is provided, in accordance with the present invention, an improved directory-based cache coherency memory system for a multiprocessor computer system. The memory system includes a dual ported system memory shared by the multiple processors within the computer system; a plurality of data cache memories, at least one data cache memory associated with each processor; and first and second memory busses, the first memory bus connecting a first subset of processors and associated data cache memories to a first port (PORT A) of the system memory, and the second memory bus connecting a second subset of processors and associated data cache memories to a second port (PORT B) of the system memory.
Cache coherency is maintained through the use of memory line state information saved with each line of memory within the system memory and data cache memories. The system memory contains a system memory line state for each line of memory saved within the system memory, the system memory line state being any one of the group: SHARED PORT A, SHARED BOTH, OWNED PORT A and OWNED PORT B. Each one of these states is represented by a different two bit code saved with each line of memory in system memory. Additionally, each data cache memory contains a data cache memory line state for each line of memory saved within the data cache memory, the data cache memory line state being any one of the group: MODIFIED, EXCLUSIVE, SHARED, or INVALID.
During memory operations, the system memory line state for a line of memory is read to determine the location of the most current copy of said line of memory within said system memory and data cache memories during any memory I/O operation requiring the most current copy of said line of memory. The system memory line state for the line of memory and the data cache memory line state for each copy of the line of memory contained in the data cache memories is changed to identify the location of the most current copy of the line of memory within the system memory and data cache memories following any memory I/O operation which updates the line of memory.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a simple block diagram representation of an eight-processor super high volume (SHV) symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) computer system employing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram representation of system memory 105A of FIG. 1 showing a first memory area for the storage of memory blocks and a second memory area for the storage of state information in accordance with conventional techniques for the storage of memory state information.
FIGS. 3A and 3B together provide a coherency state table for a two bit directory based memory in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
NCR Corporation has developed an advanced multiprocessor architecture utilizing system techniques pioneered by NCR while also advantageously making use of standard high volume (SHV) components, such as Intel Pentium Pro processors, PCI I/O chipsets, Pentium Pro chipsets, Pentium Pro bus topology (P6), and standard memory modules (SIMMs and DIMMs). Through careful integration of NCR system techniques with standard SHV components, NCR is able to deliver world class scalability and feature content while still capitalizing on SHV and without the disadvantages associated with full custom development. One implementation of this architecture with addition of an improved directory-based cache coherency memory system according to the teachings of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is seen an eight-processor SMP system formed of two four-processor building blocks or complexes, identified by reference numerals A and B. Each complex is seen to include identical structure and components, which are identified by reference numerals ending in either an A or a B, for complex "A" and "B", respectively.
The portion of the system contained in complex A is seen to include up to four processors 101A connected to a high-bandwidth split-transaction processor bus 103A. Associated with each processor 101B is a cache memory 121A. A system memory 105A is connected to bus 103A through an advanced dual-ported memory controller 107A. The processor bus 103A is connected to the first port of memory controller 107A. The second memory controller port connects to a high bandwidth I/O bus 115, also referred to herein as an expansion bus, which provides connection for multiple PCI I/O interfaces 109A. All of these components, with the exception of advanced memory controller 107A, are currently available commodity components. For example, processors 101A may be Intel Pentium Pro processors and busses 103A and 115 may be Pentium Pro (P6) bus topology.
The advanced memory controller (AMC) 107A manages control and data flow in all directions between processor bus 103A and I/O bus 115. The I/O bus may contain P6 to PCI I/O Bridges and another AMC ASIC for connectivity to another processor bus, as will be discussed below. The AMC 107A also controls access to a coherent DRAM memory array. The AMC as presently implemented consists of a control and data slice ASIC pair.
As stated earlier, complex B has a construction identical to complex A. The two complexes are interconnected by expansion bus 115, allowing for communication between the processors 101A and 101B, system memories 105A and 105B, as well as shared I/O devices, cache memories, and other components.
Within each complex, the processors use a bus snooping protocol on the processor bus. Bus snooping is a method of keeping track of data movements between processors and memory. There are performance advantages to this system with a small number of tightly-coupled processors. If a processor needs data that is available in the data cache of another processor on the same bus, the data can be shared by both processors. Otherwise, the data must be retrieved from main memory 105A or 105B, a more time consuming operation which requires system bus traffic. This method enhances system performance by reducing system bus contention.
The characteristics of the NCR architecture shown in FIG. 1 include:
Capitalizes on industry SHV architecture and supporting commodity chips (IOB. etc.)
Dual ported memory controllers 107A and 107B permit connection and utilization of dual buses, each operating at 66 MHz with a bandwidth of 64 bits and capable of sustained data transfer rates of 533 MB/s.
Dual bus approach provides greater scalability through a reduction of bus loadings and provision of a private processor to memory path that can operate independent of IOB to IOB traffic.
Additional processors and I/O devices can be connected to the expansion bus 115.
The system as described is able to fill High Availability Transaction Processing (HATP) and Scaleable Data Warehouse (SDW) server needs, while capitalizing on the computer industry's SHV motion.
In any system employing a cache memory, and particularly a system employing multiple cache memories and multiple levels of cache memories, data from a given memory location can reside simultaneously in main memory and in one or more cache memories. However, the data in main memory and in cache memory may not always be the same. This may occur when a microprocessor updates the data contained in its associated cache memory without updating the main memory and other cache memories, or when another bus master changes data in main memory without updating its copy in the microprocessor cache memories.
To track the data moving between the processors, system memory modules 105A and 105B, and the various cache memories, the system utilizes a hybrid of memory and cache based coherency. Coherency between system memory and caching agents, i.e., system bus processors with first and possibly second level caches, is maintained via a combination centralized/distributed directory-based cache coherency.
A directory-based cache coherency scheme is a method of keeping track of data movements between the processors and memory. With this approach to data coherency, a memory status table identifies which processors have which lines of memory in their associated cache memories. When a processor requests data, the status table identifies the location within main memory or processor cache where the most current copy of the data resides. The advantage of this method is that no additional work must be performed until a processor needs data that resides in a cache that cannot be accessed through snooping. Directory-based cache coherency is most effective with a large number of tightly-coupled processors on a system bus.
The centralized/distributed directory-based cache coherency scheme employed in the system shown in FIG. 1 consists of two directory elements. The central element within the directory scheme resides in system memory and is called the Memory Line Status Table (MLST). In certain embodiments, each memory line within system memory includes a corresponding three bit entry in the MLST. This corresponding entry contains information indicating whether or not a line is cached, and if so, whether it is exclusively owned by one bus, or shared across buses. As discussed below, the present invention provides two bit MLST entries in system memory.
FIG. 2 illustrates a one gigabyte (230 bytes) system memory, having 225 blocks or lines with a block or line size of 32 bytes. In certain embodiments, each line also includes three additional bits for the storage of state information. The section of memory dedicated to the storage of state information forms the MLST. As discussed below, the two bit MLST entries of the present invention reduce the memory overhead required for the storage of memory state information.
Distributed directory elements reside locally within each processor's cache directory. The element associated with a particular processor is referred to as its Processor Line Status Table (PLST). Each cache line has a corresponding entry in the PLST. From the local processor's perspective, this entry contains information indicating whether or not a line contains a valid copy of a main memory line, and if so, whether or not modifications to that line must be broadcast to the rest of the system. From the system's perspective, each processor's PLST is a slave to special system bus cycles known as Memory Intervention Commands (MICs). These cycles query the PLST as to the local state of a particular line, and/or tell the PLST to change that local state. The structure of each cache memory and its associated PLST is similar to the system memory structure shown in FIG. 2.
The Modified-Exclusive-Shared-Invalid (MESI) cache coherency protocol is a hardware-implemented protocol for maintaining data consistency between main memory and cache memories. A typical implementation of the MESI hardware cache coherency protocol requires the utilization of cache controllers having the ability to:
1. use the same line size for all caches on the memory bus;
2. observe all activity on the memory bus;
3. maintain state information for every line of cache memory; and
4. take appropriate action to maintain data consistency within the cache memories and main memory.
MESI represents four states which define whether a line is valid, if it is available in other caches, and if it has been modified. Each line of memory in a cache includes an associated field which indicates whether the line of memory is MODIFIED, EXCLUSIVE, SHARED, or INVALID. Within the Processor Line Status Table each cache line is marked in one of the four possible MESI states:
MODIFIED (PM)--This state indicates a line of memory which is exclusively available in only this cache, and is modified. Modified data has been acted upon by a processor. A Modified line can be updated locally in the cache without acquiring the shared memory bus. If some other device in the system requires this line, the owning cache must supply the data.
EXCLUSIVE (PE)--This state indicates a line of memory which is exclusively available in only this cache, that this line is not Modified (main memory also has a valid copy), and that the local processor has the freedom to modify this line without informing the system. Exclusive data can not be used by any other processor until it is acted upon in some manner. Writing to an Exclusive line causes it to change to the Modified state and can be done without informing other caches, so no memory bus activity is generated. Note that lines in the (PE) state will be marked (MO) in the MLST, as will be described below.
SHARED (PS)--This state indicates a line of memory which is potentially shared with other caches (the same line may exist in one or more caches). Shared data may be shared among multiple processors and stored in multiple caches. A Shared line can be read by the local processor without a main memory access. When a processor writes to a line locally marked shared, it must broadcast the write to the system as well.
INVALID (PI)--This state indicates a line of memory is not available in the cache. Invalid data in a particular cache is not to be used for future processing, except diagnostic or similar uses. A read to this line will be a "miss" (not available). A write to this line will cause a write-through cycle to the memory bus. All cache lines are reset to the (PI) state upon system initialization.
In accordance with the MESI protocol, when a processor owns a line of memory, whether modified or exclusive, any writes to the owned line of memory within main memory will result in an immediate update of the same data contained within the processor's cache memory.
The Memory Line Status Table marks a memory line in one of three possible states: NOT CACHED (MNC), SHARED (MS), and OWNED (MO). The letter M distinguishes these states from PLST states, which are identified by use of the letter P. Additionally there are bus state bits indicating sharing or ownership by either or both memory buses.
NOT CACHED (MNC): Indicates that no cache has a copy of that line. All memory lines must be reset to the (MNC) state upon system initialization.
SHARED STATE (MS): Indicates that one or more caches potentially have a copy of that line.
OWNED STATE (MO): Indicates that one and only one cache potentially has a copy of that line, and that the data in memory potentially does not match it (Memory data is referred to as stale).
Note the word "potentially" used in the definition of the shared and owned states. There are several situations in which the MLST does not have the most up-to-date information about a particular memory line. For example, the MLST may mark a line as shared by two particular processors since it saw them both read it. However, both processors may have long since discarded that line to make room for new data without informing the MLST (referred to as "silent replacement"). The MLST will naturally "catch up" to the latest state of a particular line whenever an access to that line by some master forces a MIC. In this example, a write by a third processor to this line will initiate a (now superfluous) MIC to invalidate other cached copies, and will bring the MLST up-to-date. Note however that the MLST always holds a conservative view of the state of cache lines. That is, a line that is owned or shared by a processor will always be marked correctly in the MLST. "Stale" information in the MLST takes the form of lines marked owned or shared that are no longer present in any processor's cache.
There are three distinct MIC operations employed within the system described above in order to maintain coherency between system memory and the data cache memories:
INVALIDATE (MBI) This cycle is initiated to cause all data caches with an addressed line to go to the invalid state (PI). It normally occurs in response to certain memory operations that access a line marked shared (MS) in the MLST. Unlike the other MIC operations, an MBI does not require feedback from any PLST as to the current state of the addressed line in a local cache. Rather, the MBI simply requests invalidation of a line if it is present in the cache. Although an MBI requires no logical feedback, it does require a positive acknowledgment from the targeted processor(s) to complete the cycle. This simply indicates that the processor has accepted the invalidate address and is ready for another.
CASTOUT INVALIDATE (MBCOI) This cycle is initiated to cause a cache with a potentially modified copy of an addressed line to cast it out to system memory and to go to the invalid state (PI). It occurs in response to certain memory operations that access a memory line marked owned (MO) in the MLST. If the owning cache has the line in the modified (PM) state, it supplies the data and goes invalid. If the owning cache has the line in the exclusive (PE) state, it acknowledges the MBCOI and goes invalid, but does not supply the data. If the owning cache no longer has the line it simply acknowledges the MBCOI to complete the cycle.
CASTOUT SHARED (MBCOS) This cycle is to cause a cache with a potentially modified copy of an addressed line to cast it out to system memory and to go to the shared state (PS). It occurs in response to certain memory operations that access a memory line marked owned (MO) in the MLST. If the owning cache has the line in the modified (PM) state, it supplies the data and goes to shared. If the owning cache has the line in the exclusive (PE) state, it acknowledges the MBCOS and goes to shared, but does not supply the data. If the owning cache no longer has the line it acknowledges the MBCOS to complete the cycle. Note that in the last case the MLST goes to shared (MS) even though the line is not cached. This is because the MLST cannot distinguish a line that is exclusive (PE) in the owner's cache from a line that is invalid (PI).
As stated above for certain embodiments the MLST includes three memory state bits per line to indicate the current state of the line. One bit indicates shared or owned and the other two depict which bus (A or B) or buses (A and B) have the line shared or owned. Bus ownership indicates that one of the processors on that bus owns the line. Note that a line can be owned by only one processor and therefore by only one bus. A shared line can be shared by one or more processors on each bus.
TABLE 1______________________________________Memory State Bits for Bit-per-Bus ProtocolOBA STATE BIT DEFINITIONS DESCRIPTION______________________________________000 MNC - Not Cached; Not owned or shared001 MS - Shared; Shared on Bus A010 MS - Shared; Shared on Bus B011 MS - Shared; Shared on Buses A and B100 x - (not a valid state)101 MO - Owned; Owned by Bus A110 MO - Owned; Owned by Bus B111 x - (not a valid state)______________________________________
It is apparent from the discussion above that a directory-based coherency system, such as the centralized/distributed directory-based cache coherency scheme described, requires a significant amount of additional memory for the storage of state information; this state storage overhead being a fixed percentage of the total amount of memory available. For example, in a system having one gigabyte of system memory with a block or line size of 32 bytes, each line including three bits state information, a MLST of twelve megabytes will be required for the storage of state information.
This present invention provides a method for using two bits per line of system memory to maintain coherency on a dual ported memory system, such as the system described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Each system bus includes its own system memory port and the system memory is responsible for insuring the coherent use of the memory lines that it stores. The two bits is used to filter the number of cycles required to maintain the coherency.
In the simplest dual ported memory all read and write cycles coming from one system bus cause a castout shared or castout invalidate respectively to the other system memory port. Maintaining coherency information allows the memory to reduce the number of coherency cycles that must be issued. The more accurate the information the more unnecessary cycles can be eliminated. The most accurate coherency representation would require six states or 3 bits of status per memory block, as shown in Table 2 provided above. These states are "Shared Port A", "Shared Port B", "Shared Both", "Owned Port A", Owned Port B", and "Uncached". Two states need to be eliminated to allow coherency representation by two bits of status. The uncached, or home, state can be removed by assuming the default state of an uncached line is one of the four possible states. It is probably reasonable to assume that after a warm-up period most lines of cache are in a shared state, therefore the default line state could be "Shared--Port A", "Shared Port B", or "Shared Both". If the "Shared Both" state were the default state, then ownership operations (writes) would require invalidation operations to both ports. Therefore the default should be either of the shared only states. Any of the shared states could be removed, but the "Shared Both" state should be kept along with one of the shared only states. Note that if the "Shared Port B" state is removed the "Shared Both" would be used for the "Shared Port B" case as well as the "Shared Both" case. This would cause an additional coherency operation if a write occurs to an entry marked "Shared Both" when it was actually only shared by Port B.
FIGS. 3A and 3B together provide a state table with a default state of "Shared Port A". The states of the bits are "Shared Port A", "Shared Both", "Owned Port A", and "Owned Port B". The table of FIGS. 3A and 3B shows the coherency and state transitions for various read, write and DMA memory operations.
It can thus be seen that there has been provided by the present invention a new and useful directory-based cache coherency memory system for a multiprocessor computer system including a shared system memory and multiple cache memories such as the one shown on FIG. 1, wherein two state bits are associated with each line of memory within system memory for maintaining memory coherency, thereby reducing memory overhead requirements for the storage of memory state information.
Although the presently preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, it will be understood that various changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
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Owner name: NCR CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YOUNG, GENE F.;STEVENS, ROY M.;JAMES, LARRY C.;REEL/FRAME:008466/0812
Effective date: 19970127
|May 8, 2000
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NCR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010795/0685
Effective date: 19980227
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|Jul 30, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 1, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Sep 1, 2010
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Last name origin & meaning:
Japanese: meaning 'source', 'origin'. With the Fujiwara and
Taira, this is one of the three most prominent clans in
Japanese history. It is listed in the Shinsen shōjiroku. The name
itself is not common today, as most of the descendant families have
taken other surnames, usually from their places of residence. In 814,
the Emperor Saga created the surname for those of his children who
were to become commoners. Later emperors did likewise, so the various
branches of the clan were distinguished by the names of their
parent-emperors. The Minamoto are also commonly called Genji,
from the Sino-Japanese pronunciation of minamoto plus the word
for clan.
First name content excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to 30,000 Baby Names © 2005 by
Marcia Layton Turner.
this book online or call 1-800-253-6476.
Last name content copyright © 2006 Patrick Hanks.
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Jon Turner Wins CPPT Venetian Deepstack Main Event III for $536,858!
Artem Metadili completed the small blind, Jon Turner raised to 255,000 out of the big blind, and Metadili announced he was all-in for 1,380,000 total. Turner asked the dealer for a count, but as soon ...
Department of Justice Won't Confirm Agreement with Groupe Bernard Tapie
Also Wouldn't Say How a Possible Reimbursement Process Would Work
The Justice Department still has nothing to say four days after the Wall Street Journal and CNN Money reported that a lawyer for a French investor said the group inked an agreement with authorities to purchase Full Tilt Poker.
"We have no comment and are not confirming or denying an agreement with Groupe Bernard Tapie," a spokeswoman with the DOJ told Card Player on Monday.
Groupe Bernard Tapie would reportedly pay $80 million for the beleaguered online poker site as long as it settles its civil case.
In September, Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara accused Full Tilt Poker and its principals of operating a Ponzi scheme.
If the deal were to finalize, U.S. players owed an estimated $150 million would have to seek compensation from the DOJ. Groupe Bernard Tapie reportedly would restart the company's non-U.S. operations and allow the payout of its foreign player base.
The DOJ would not say how a possible compensation process would work under a deal with Groupe Bernard Tapie. In late September, the office, without mentioning a takeover of the company, said that "the return of forfeited funds to victims of the alleged fraud may be possible."
Jeff Ifrah, attorney for Full Tilt Poker CEO Ray Bitar, told ESPN that the deal with the DOJ would allow the poker operator to re-enter the U.S. market should Internet gaming be legalized.
It is unclear if the company, which previously had ties with the Poker Players Alliance and Nevada-based Fertitta Interactive, could be found suitable to offer games to Americans in the future.
Bernard Tapie, former chairman of the investment group, spent time in prison in 1997 after being convicted of bribing soccer players to throw a match and was also convicted for tax fraud in a non-related case.
Follow Brian Pempus on Twitter — @brianpempus
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Coverage of the 2016 International AIDS Conference
- Details
- Category: HIV Treatment
- Published on Thursday, 28 July 2016 00:00
HIVandHepatitis.com coverage of the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2014), July 18-22, in Durban, South Africa.
Conference highlights include PrEP and other biomedical HIV prevention, HIV cure research, experimental antiretroviral therapy, and access to treatment and prevention for key affected populations.
AIDS 2016: Once-Daily Raltegravir Works as Well as Twice-Daily For Initial HIV Treatment
- Details
- Category: HIV Treatment
- Published on Monday, 25 July 2016 00:00
A new formulation of the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (Isentress) taken once daily suppressed HIV viral load as well as the older formulation taken twice a day in people being treated for the first time, according to findings from the ONCEMRK study presented in a late-breaker session at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) last week in Durban.
AIDS 2016: Large Test-and-Treat Study Fails to Show Impact on New HIV Infections
- Details
- Category: Treatment as Prevention
- Published on Monday, 25 July 2016 00:00
The first major research study of "test and treat" as a public health intervention to report its final results -- ANRS 12249 -- has found that the strategy failed to reduce new HIV infections in the African communities where it was provided, according to a report at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) last week in Durban.
AIDS 2016: Bone Loss Recovers After Stopping PrEP, Biannual Kidney Monitoring Enough for Most
Young adults taking Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) experienced a modest decrease in bone mineral density early on, but this stabilized after a year and those who stopped taking it began to see a reversal of the decline, researchers reported last week at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) in Durban. Another study found that clinically relevant declines in kidney function among Truvada PrEP users are rare and monitoring every 6 months is adequate for most people.
AIDS 2016: Progress Towards 90-90-90 Targets in Southern Africa -- Find the Men!
Studies of treatment cascade performance in South Africa and Namibia show large variations between districts and highlight the need for up-to-date information on performance to guide programming, advocacy, and funding, according to presentations at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) last week in Durban. In particular, the studies emphasized the low rates of HIV diagnosis among men in the region, and low rates of viral suppression, especially among men.
AIDS 2016: Study Looks at Comprehensive HIV Treatment and Prevention Services for Sex Workers
A randomized trial of female sex workers in Zimbabwe, offering enhanced access to HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), has failed to show that the extra services helped reduce the proportion with detectable viral load, Frances Cowan reported at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) last week in Durban. However, it appears that the comprehensive set of sex worker-friendly services offered in the control arm may have already been enough to substantially improve the health of participants.
AIDS 2016: Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Works Well as First-Line HIV Treatment
- Details
- Category: HIV Treatment
- Published on Sunday, 24 July 2016 00:00
A 2-drug regimen of dolutegravir and the well-tolerated NRTI lamivudine led to sustained viral suppression for most people starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the first time in a small pilot study, according to a late-breaker presentation at the 21st International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2016) last week in Durban.
More Articles...
- AIDS 2016: More Confidence on Zero Risk -- Still No Linked HIV Infections in PARTNER Study
- AIDS 2016: New HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial Set to Start this Year
- AIDS 2016: SEARCH Study Exceeds 90-90-90 Targets After 2 Years of HIV Test-and-Treat
- AIDS 2016: South Africa Has Driven Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Down to 4%
- AIDS 2016: HIV Treatment Programs Need to Prepare for a "Youth Bulge"
- HIV Treatment
- HIV Prevention
- HIV Testing & Diagnosis
- HIV Disease Progression
- HIV-Related Conditions
- Side Effects - HIV
- HIV Basic Science
- HIV/AIDS Epidemiology & Mortality
- HIV Populations
- HIV Policy & Advocacy


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
2 BR 1.5 BA Sleeps 4$63 avg/night14-21 night min stay
2 BR 1 BA Sleeps 5$133 avg/night2 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$135 avg/night3-5 night min stay
2 BR 1 BA Sleeps 6$97 avg/night2-4 night min stay
2 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$135 avg/night2-5 night min stay
4 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$160 avg/night2-4 night min stay
3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 7$450 avg/night7 night min stay
Two Bedroom Bungalow#8622602 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$167 avg/night3 night min stay
3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 10$175 avg/night2-3 night min stay
Sandpoint Luxury Lake Cottage#3579767ha3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 8$593 avg/night5-7 night min stay
Bayview Cozy Floathome#473341 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$166 avg/night3-4 night min stay
5 BR 3.5 BA Sleeps 10$655 avg/night5 night min stay
Custom Waterfront Timber Frame Home on Lake Pend Oreille - Private Dock, Mooring Ball, Kitchen and Dining Room with Amazing Views. 10 Minute Boat Ride to Downtown Sandpoint.#8604043 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$485 avg/night5 night min stay
Very Nice Waterfront Condo in Sandpoint. Enjoy the Outdoor Deck Just Steps Away from the Lake and Swimming Pool. 1 Bedroom 1 Bath Condo, Remodeled, W/ Stocked Kitchen and Additional Foldout Bed in the Living Room. Flat Screen TV and Amazing Views#8892561 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$175 avg/night4 night min stay
Lakefront Vacation Home in Sandpoint with Private Dock, 5 Bedrooms, 2 Full Kitchens, and Amazing Waterfront. Sleeps 10 in Beds. Great Swimming!#8604075 BR 3.5 BA Sleeps 10$429 avg/night1-5 night min stay
Gorgeous Lake Pend Oreille Lake House#246003ha3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$485 avg/night5 night min stay
Waterfront Vacation Rental Condo in Sandpoint to Sleep up to 6. Boat Slip Included in Rental Fee. Great Location in Town with Water Views and Protected Moorage.#8604082 BR 1 BA Sleeps 6$155 avg/night1-4 night min stay
Beautiful Log Cabin Vacation Home Overlooking Lake Pend Oreille with Gardens and Huge Deck. Sleeps up to 8.#8825294 BR 2 BA Sleeps 7$269 avg/night2-3 night min stay
5 BR 3 BA Sleeps 14$288 avg/night3 night min stay
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Amazing Private Waterfront Vacation Rental on Murphy Bay, Lake Pend Oreille. Main Home + Studio Home. Sleeps up to 10 in Beds and Has a Great Dock and Waterfront.#8927372 BR 3 BA Sleeps 10$256 avg/night1-4 night min stay
3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 7$399 avg/night5 night min stay
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Very Nice 5 Bedroom Private Home with Private Dock in Protected Inlet. Boat to Lake Pend Oreille, 3 Minutes to Sandpoint.#7258295 BR 2 BA Sleeps 12$425 avg/night5 night min stay
Beautiful Remodeled Condo W Free Boat Slip and Extra Loft Bedroom. Sleeps 6 in Beds. Waterfront with Pool.#7395412 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$190 avg/night1-7 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 15$250 avg/night2 night min stay
1 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$143 avg/night3 night min stay
1 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$129 avg/night2 night min stay
3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 10$265 avg/night1 night min stay
1 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$213 avg/night1 night min stay
2 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4View listing for price3 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 10$821 avg/night3 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8View listing for price7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$189 avg/night3-7 night min stay
1 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$104 avg/night2-5 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$209 avg/night2-5 night min stay
Cocolalla Lake Retreat#4142594 BR 2 BA Sleeps 12$300 avg/night2-7 night min stay
3 BR 1 BA Sleeps 8$107 avg/night4 night min stay
Cocolalla Lakefront Cabin#3049112 BR 1 BA Sleeps 6$114 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$264 avg/night1-4 night min stay
New Vacation Rental Home in Dover Bay! Great Location with Easy Access to Lake Pend Oreille, Biking Trails, and Steps from a Waterfront Restaurant. Home Sleeps 6.#8604031 BR 1 BA Sleeps 6$167 avg/night1-3 night min stay
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Lakeside Luxury at its Finest#6066992 BR 2 BA Sleeps 9$182 avg/night3-7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 7$250 avg/night5 night min stay
Recent Lake Pend Oreille reviews
"We enjoyed our stay greatly. Very clean and well maintained. Nothing is lacking, and the kitchen is better equipped than most. Downtown, City Beach, and many restaurants are short drives (or short bike rides)."Guest: Darrell J. Date of Stay: July 2016 Review Submitted: July 19, 2016View listing
"Comfortable, clean, attractive home, great place for a family gathering. This home slept our large group comfortably, room arrangement is such that each family can have a separate area. Room for visiting and multiple activities at the same time. It is a short walk to the beach. Our kids enjoyed the supplied bicycles. Kitchen is well supplied for cooking or baking. We recommend this home and will keep it in mind for a future stay!"Guest: Becky G. Date of Stay: May 2016 Review Submitted: June 13, 2016View listing
"We enjoyed our Thanksgiving family gathering in this sunny woodsy setting. The two living areas offered space for the adults and kids to have activities that didn't conflict with one another, yet not too separated. The provided games, videos, and outdoor area were plentiful and fully used. The house sets just across the road from Farragut State Park boundary with man-gates available to access. We found a walkable trail along the fence line as well as a hill to use sleds. The electric wall heat and wood burning stove kept the house cozy and warm while the outdoor temperature was in the teens. All 11 of us enjoyed having our own comfortable beds to sleep in. Having the bathrooms the downstairs could be a problem for some since there is only one bedroom and futon on the main floor. The kitchen was well equipped with plenty of table service, plates, glasses, small appliances and cookware. The family is already talking about a return trip in the summer. The owner was very good with communication and helpful instruction. He put in many hours making the property ready for us since there were trees down from a storm and the electricity had been out for several days just before we arrived. Thank you Kimm!"Guest: Mike M. Date of Stay: November 2015 Review Submitted: December 5, 2015View listing
"We rented this property as a place to invite our family over the 4th of July week. It is located close to Sandpoint but it is still very private. Even though you can see the long bridge from the property, the sound of vehicles was very quiet and really not even noticed. The property has a lot of space for family to spread out and a good balance of shade and sun. The beach is perfect. The kids had a great time on the diving board and the shore is gentle enough for a toddler.The weather was partly rainy during our week there, but the main house was quite roomy and we never felt cramped for space. Our family ranged in age from 2-87 and all enjoyed! We stayed there the night of the 4th and you can see the Fireworks from town quite well. Another Plus! We would definitely recommend this for your family vacation!"Guest: Vicki J. Date of Stay: July 2016 Review Submitted: July 11, 2016View listing
Featured Destinations: Estes Park Cabins, Fort Myers Beach Rentals, Wailea Beach Villas, Wisconsin Dells Cabins


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Internet Explorer
by F. Scott Fitzgerald
|July 1, 2016
Kobo ebook
Available for download
Not available in stores
THE GREAT GATSBY , F. Scott Fitzgerald's third book, stands as the supreme achievement of his career. This exemplary novel of the Jazz Age has been acclaimed by generations of readers. The story of the fabulously wealthy Jay Gatsby and his love for the beautiful…
by Armin Fischer
|July 19, 2016
Kobo ebook | German
* Einer der besten Romane der amerikanischen Literatur *Wir befinden uns an der Ostküste der USA, im Jahr 1922. Es ist die aufregende Zeit der ›Roaring Twenties‹ (die man in Europa die ›Goldenen Zwanziger‹ nannte), als in New York Wolkenkratzer aus dem Boden…
|July 20, 2016
This Side of Paradise is the debut novel of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Published in 1920, and taking its title from a line of the Rupert Brooke poem Tiare Tahiti, the book examines the lives and morality of post-World War I youth. Its protagonist, Amory Blaine, is an…
Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) is a collection of eleven short stories by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Divided into three separate parts, according to subject matter, it includes one of his better-known short stories, "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button". All of the…
The Beautiful and Damned tells the story of Anthony Patch, a 1910s socialite and presumptive heir to a tycoon's fortune, his relationship with his wife, Gloria, his service in the army, and his alcoholism. Fitzgerald presents Gloria as a woman whose vocation is…
"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" is a short story first published in 1922 in Collier's Magazine. It breaks from Fitzgerald's traditional style in that it is a story of fantasy: a man is born old and ages backwards in the course of his life.
|July 6, 2016
The Last Tycoon is an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. In 1941, it was published posthumously under this title, as prepared by his friend Edmund Wilson, a critic and writer. It was adapted as a TV play in 1957 and a film in 1976 of the same name, with a…
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where is the mass air flow sensor located on the engine
where is the mass air flow sensor located in the engine compartment on 2001 Ford E-150
Get Your Car Fixed at a RepairPal Certified Shop.
We certify shops based on expertise, quality work, and verified customer reviews
2 answers
right on the air cleaner tube near the front, its square with a wire connection on it.
and the part is costly - but easy to change


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2 vehicles matched;
Now showing page 1 of 1. 10 results per page.
Listed by Lonestar Classic Motors
1979 Porsche 911 SC Targa. All numbers matching on the 3.0 6Cyl air cooled motor. Completely redone interior
Listed by Streetside Classics - Nashville
Icons don't come much more recognizable than this 1979 Porsche 911 SC. However, even as arguably the world's most popular


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My Linux Story
My Introduction Computers
I got my first computer around 1992, after the personal computering hobby had been around quite a while. I know I felt so far behind. I remember feeling so lost and thinking I'd never know what I was doing. But it didn't really matter because I never dreamed of doing anything actually computer related. The truth was, I just wanted a nice word processor from which I could print nice papers. I was in college and type written papers were required and typing for me meant spending more time correcting errors that actual research and writing. A computer seemed like the perfect answer.
I bought a second hand Tandy 2000, by Radio Shack. It had everything and only cost $500. It had some version of DOS on it and the computer guy put on a few programs for me. Well, I used it without ever thinking of checking for a modem until I quit college in my Junior year of nursing school. That's another story, but two words will suffice - sponge bath! Well, and two more - dying patients. I would never be happy nursing.
But I returned to college in Fall 1998 and realized my old Tandy was a dinosaur. The papers the other students turned in weren't in Dot Matrix. They had fancy fonts and pictures! I had to get a new computer.
I purchased my second computer at the local army base PX for $500, a Pionex I believe. It wasn't top of line, but about second. It came with Windows 98, and excellent tech support. It wasn't long before their friendly support staff was walking me through modem replacement, driver installation, and ultimately reformats/reinstalls.
I wasn't into a year using it before I became disenchanted and paranoid. Very paranoid. I feel so silly now, but I was so worried that some "hacker" would break into my machine in the few minutes I spent on the dial-up connection that I had bogged the machine down with a firewall, antivirus, and spyware hunter. grc.com mean anything to anyone? I had hacked this file and that file trying to keep my private information private and cover tracks and reformating about every 3 months. That's what it was averaging. About every 3 months. Then someone mentioned Linux.
Enter Linux
I spent much of 2000 trying to convert to Linux. I tried SUSE, Red Hat, and Mandrake among a few others. I always tucked tail and went back to Windows. ...until Mandrake 7.2 hit Wal-Mart shelves in the Fall of 2000.
All of a sudden I could get a decent screen resolution and KDE 1.99 (a 2.0 beta that it shipped with) was actually usable. ...or understandable. There was a list of applications in the menu instead of a bunch of directories (anyone remember the old 1.x menus?) Well, I was inspired enough to try and get my modem and sound working. See, everything else was working just fine either out-of-the-box or using the Mandrake Control Center. I never went back to Windows again.
Well, it took a week of booting to Windows to look something up on the internet and booting back to Mandrake to try something before my modem finally dialed, but I've never felt so excited and proud in all my life.
My ISA sound card took another week, but it was much easier now. I could search from Mandrake and by then someone had said the fateful word "Google" to me. It took a bit more voodoo to get ISA cards to work, but within another week I was listening to system sounds and music files.
Well, with the release of the 2.4 kernel that same fall I was able to use NVIDIA proprietary drivers and I was well on my path of discovery. I spent a few years learning Linux and helping others on the Mandrake mailing lists and Usenet users group.
Broadband had hit during 2001 and I had my firewall making me invisible, but mainly I felt this big sigh of relief. My paranoia was gone as was the weight of the world. I loved Linux and the commandline made sense. I never was able to form any patterns or retain all those mouse clicking routines used in Windows, but I could understand what was going on in that terminal. I was home.
I switched to Gentoo in 2003 and started this website in 2005. The rest is probably history.
It's All in the Timing
I was lucky to have switched to Linux when I did. I tried lots of other distros just for fun. I began experimenting with Howtos I'd run into. Back then howtos weren't "apt-get this, tick this box, and click OK." Back then they were 'get the source here, and the patch here and this one here, and open this file and replace this function with that one, then do this and that to this config file and then recompile this other program using this patch and edit its config file, then patch the kernel...' No mention of dependencies usually, you discovered them when you started to compile. Me and Texstar used to write back forth - "Hey hey! I got this to work! Here's a screenshot." Those were the days. It's all too easy now.
But that was considerably easier than it had been in the '90s. This is why I have such respect for the really old guys that have been using Linux since "real men write their own drivers" and why Linus is my hero. This is why I shake my head at those who ask, "Is Linux ready for Prime Time?"
Hell yeah, it's ready - and has been for quite a while.
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What's your story?
Join Don, Lisa, and me and share your Linux story? When, why, and how did you switch to Linux? Have you switch recently, have you been around since the 90's, or somewhere in-between? Share your story.
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Don't be shy!
Year 2000
That's when I got exposed to it too... and to better options, better choice.
A very good story!
I too did something with my PC when i got pissed of windows... I got to work with Ubuntu 8.04. the rest is little similar to your story... i got so excited by working with Ubuntu because u know what actually is happening with a greater transparency than in windows. U can see my love story with my pc after installing Linux here
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today's howtos
The fall of Open Source
Once upon a time FOSS was about Freedom. It was about exposing equality within source code. It allowed everyone equal rights and equal access to the technology they were using. An idea that if you were capable, you could fix code or pay someone to fix code. An ideology that there was something greater than yourself and that there was an inherent right built into what it is to be human with software.
Linux in the Mainstream. What Will it Take?
If you Google "Why Linux is Better Than Windows," you'll be able to go 20 pages deep and still find articles from tech blogs and news sites alike proclaiming reasons for Linux's superiority. While most of these articles are just rehashing the same points, they are valid points nevertheless. And with all this ruckus over Linux, it begs the question: if Linux is so much better, why is it not competing for users at the same level that Windows is?
Linux Mint 18 Xfce Enters Beta, Gets X-Apps, Mint-Y, Many Ubuntu 16.04 Goodies
It all took approximately one month, but the Xfce community edition of the Linux Mint 18 "Sarah" operating system is now available for download, as a public Beta release for 64-bit and 32-bit computers.


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Recent crimes and emergencies
- NEPA's Most Wanted 7/24/2016
- Luzerne County man falls from Rocky Glen dam
- Careless smoking sparks fire at city home
- Scranton man accused of attempting to run down city officer
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Man charged with theft from Sears
DICKSON CITY - A Scranton man with a history of theft charges was arrested Wednesday after he stole $10.58 from Sears.
On Wednesday about 1:51 p.m., Christopher Preg, 25, 1225 Mulberry St., picked up a pillow and blanket set and returned it with an old receipt, police said. When a loss prevention officer tried to stop him, Mr. Preg fled toward Business Route 6 with the money he received from the cashier. After being stopped by Dickson City police, he discarded a marijuana cigarette in the backseat of a police car.
Because Mr. Preg has four prior convictions on retail theft charges, he is facing a felony count of retail theft, as well as charges of possession of a small amount of marijuana and theft by deception, police said.


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Is the printing of photos of a pregnant Kate Middleton that big a deal?
Relevant offers
An Italian magazine has defended publishing pictures of a pregnant bikini-clad Kate Middleton, saying she was on a public beach and in full view.
The gossip magazine Chi, owned by former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, has caused a storm by being the first to publish the photos, reportedly taken by another tourist, of Middleton and Prince William on a beach in the Caribbean.
St James's Palace has expressed its disappointment, saying the photos breach the royal couple's right to privacy.
Several other magazines around the world have also been paying handsomely for the rights to the images, with France's Paris Match, America's Star and Australia's Woman's Day magazines paying what's believed to be a combined NZ$1m for the rights to publish.
British media outlets have restrained themselves, honouring a "gentleman's agreement" with the royal family not to invade their privacy.
However, Chi editor Alfonso Signorini said ''it is not possible to talk about a breach of privacy when public personalities are photographed in a public, open place such as (a) beach, attended by bathers''.
The magazine's six-page insert headlined ''Kate & William - Honeymoon for three'' is not the first time Chi has earned the ire of the British royals. In September it published topless pictures of the Duchess of Cambridge.
The latest images show the duchess walking on a beach on the island of Mustique with a visible ''baby bump''.
''The reportage portrays a couple in love in a happy moment as they walk on the seashore...Where is the scandal?,'' Signorini said.
In one picture Kate is seen pulling up her hair as she walks on a Mustique beach, an island favoured by the British royals for its secluded, palm-fringed shores and a favourite of the Queen Elizabeth's late sister Princess Margaret.
''A rounded belly can now be seen and the princess has a softer silhouette compared to how she was during their honeymoon in the Seychelles in 2011,'' one of the captions read.
Another shot showed Kate walking with her arm on William's shoulder, second in line to the British throne. He is wearing thigh-length shorts in matching blue.
''After initial problems, the pregnancy is now proceeding serenely,'' the magazine writes.
Signorini did not provide details about the source of the pictures but said they were bought from an international agency.
Britain's Daily Mail cited media reports that the pictures might have been taken by a holiday maker on a public beach or from a boat using a long-lens camera.
- Reuters
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Search Checkatrade for suitable tradespeople and add them to your list for them to call you back.
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Watch Featured Movies
Cremaster 3: Barney plays the Entered Apprentice and his opponents include the Order of the Rainbow for Girls (who look a lot like the Rockettes), Agnostic Front and Murphy's Law (two New York Hardcore bands), Aimee Mullins, and Richard Serra. Molten Vaseline, dental surgery, a demolition derby by vintage Chrysler Imperial New Yorker cars and a gorgeous creature who is half-cheetah/half woman all figure in this latest edition of Matthew Barney's fever dream. Much of the action takes place in two New York landmarks, the Chrysler Building and the Guggenheim Museum, as well as at the Saratoga Racetrack (upstate NY), the Giant's Causeway (Ireland) and Fingal's cave (the Scottish Isle of Staffa).
|IMDB: 7.1/10 Metascore: 67% RT: 65%
|May 15, 2002
|182 mins
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The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss: The Cat's Adventures
Only 5 copies left
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DVD Features:
- Video: Color
- Released: September 3, 2013
- Label: Henson
- Encoding: Region 1 (USA & Canada)
- Audio:
- Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo - English
Performers, Cast and Crew:
|Created by
|Dr. Seuss
Product Description:
Dr. Seuss's timeless universe of wonderful characters with a knack for teaching lessons comes to life once again in this episode of the live action television series, The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss. This volume includes three episodes featuring that frivolous feline, The Cat in the Hat: "The Cat In The Hat's First First Day," "The Cat In The Hat's Flower Power," and "Oh, The People You'll Meet."
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Phoebe Cates - Monday 19th July 2010 at Village East Cinema New York City, USA (6 Pictures)
Photo credit: Andres Otero
Nanette Lepore
Photo credit: Andres Otero
Yaya Dacosta
Photo credit: Andres Otero
Fashion Designer Elie Tahari
Photo credit: Andres Otero
Actor Kevin Kline and Kevin Kline
Photo credit: Andres Otero
Photo credit: Andres Otero
View All: Phoebe Cates - Monday 19th July 2010...
Next Kim Stolz Slideshow: the premiere of 'The Extra Man' at Village East Cinema - New York City, USA - Monday 19th July 2010
The 1969 session, including the only known recording of 'Sunshine Woman' by the band, will be included on a re-issue of 'The Complete BBC Sessions'...
The 55 year old actor joined Chris Martin and co. on stage in New Jersey to perform 'Earth Angel' and 'Johnny B. Goode'.
Bjork Digital comes to London's Somerset House in September, along with a single live show at the Royal Albert Hall.
Kim Kardashian released an audio excerpt from a phone call between Kanye and Taylor Swift over the lyrics of 'Famous' - but if it was recorded...
There's very much a strength of conviction in remaining what you were, but arguably more so in becoming what you want to be.
The BBC drama starring Aidan Turner returns to BBC One on September 4th.
Guns N' Roses were detained at the Canadian border last week for gun possession but they're adamant the weapon didn't belong to them.


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Dow AgroSciences News
News on Dow AgroSciences (Ticker: DOW) continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
Breastfeeding in public?
Then and Now: 39 Rock Gods Who Used to Be Smoking Hot
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Linux Means Business: Security and Authentication with Digital Signatures
This scheme reduces the security requirements in the labs, but increases the precautions that need to be taken in the Field Staff's offices. Their PCs will have the secret keys on them, and plans should be made for when a computer is "compromised". A possible fix is to give each education center a separate key set and put all possible public keys on the servers. If a system/key/passphrase is stolen, that particular key set is revoked and not used any more.
Robb Shecter is a longtime Unix user and has been a Linux fan since v. 0.98. He's interested in object-oriented design, Java, IP routing and bass guitar. He's currently a network and Unix specialist at the University of Maryland European Division, and can be reached at email@example.com.
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Practical Task Scheduling Deployment
July 20, 2016 12:00 pm CDT
One of the best things about the UNIX environment (aside from being stable and efficient) is the vast array of software tools available to help you do your job. Traditionally, a UNIX tool does only one thing, but does that one thing very well. For example, grep is very easy to use and can search vast amounts of data quickly. The find tool can find a particular file or files based on all kinds of criteria. It's pretty easy to string these tools together to build even more powerful tools, such as a tool that finds all of the .log files in the /home directory and searches each one for a particular entry. This erector-set mentality allows UNIX system administrators to seem to always have the right tool for the job.
Cron traditionally has been considered another such a tool for job scheduling, but is it enough? This webinar considers that very question. The first part builds on a previous Geek Guide, Beyond Cron, and briefly describes how to know when it might be time to consider upgrading your job scheduling infrastructure. The second part presents an actual planning and implementation framework.
Join Linux Journal's Mike Diehl and Pat Cameron of Help Systems.
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text:
Filoment micro-rib down jacket and vest
The lightweight micro-rib down jacket and vest is ideal for fast and light activity where you want added warmth but don't want to constrict arm movements. It looks good and feels good. Think of it as a zippable sweater with a light DWR coating. Our go-to piece of equipment as it stuffs into a 1l or 2l dry bag but weighs from just 280g with over 100g of down.
We have been making down clothing and sleeping bags since 2005. Our customers have taken our down jackets all over the world; from the Alps, to the Himalaya to Antartica. Some people go around the world, some never stop. Their adventures are our legacy. Find out more about down clothing on our site.
Adventure Pedlars - A company born out of a 20,000km bike ride:
Bikepacking what to pack
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scented down jacket hit the market
Hard graft & blunt picks
Scottish winter climbing
Womens climbing symposiuym 2015
The Dog Race
Taking in a North American dog race
The Mother of Adventure - Pt 1
travels around Turkey with mum
The draw of Wanaka
Outdoor delights of Wananka, NZ
World Cup 2015 part 2
more rounds of the 2015 ice climbing world cup
Scottish Winter and a bit of tooling!
taking time off from competitions
World Cup 2015 part 1
ice climbing competitions 2015
Bigger than you think!
Very well made and I can fit my sleeping mat, bivvy bag and down sleeping bag in no problem (your mileage may vary of course). Fits under my handle bars a treat too (flat bars) -- a very satisfied customer.
Excellent quality merino, well-made, great fit
I bought this as part of the baselayer bundle (1 short, 1 long sleeve for £55) so it was even better value. Very impressed by the quality of the fabric, the stitching and the style. The aubergine colour is exactly that - aubergine - and the weight is light but not see-through. The sleeves on the short sleeve version are just above the elbow, which I like, and the neckline is perfect, not too low to be work as a top layer. I wore this on a warm and windy walk up Pen-y-ghent, under a windproof jacket which can get a bit sweaty. The baselayer was incredibly comfortable, not one itch from any part of it, and I finished the walk in as non-smelly condition as I started it. I'd be happy to take this on a 4 day trip as my only baselayer.
Looks great
The bag is simple but looks suitably tough with nice attention to detail. Good stitching and great zips and straps. I'm ordering another one.
Awesome lite low cost option, recommend
Was doing a 1000k Bikepacking Event in New Zealand, had a bigger seat bag but wanted to go smaller, lighter = faster. Know this isnt really promoted to have heavy use by itself but used it for the event and worked awesomely! Did leak a little but that was after 10hrs riding in the wet and by the end of the event did have a small tear on the daisy chain loop where sat between the seat rails but considering the use i'm happy. Will get it repaired and think will just run an extra webbing loop around the bag and seat rails but not the daisy chain just to give it a bit of extra support for next years 1100k mission. Oh yeah, i used it for training missions beforehand.
Flatiron Knife, fork and spoon set
This kit is as the caption above suggests the bees knees! Light as a feather compared to the similar steel set it slips neatly away into a side pocket ready for next time and the carabiner keeps the whole set tickety boo! Everyone who sees me using the set is amazed particularly by the weight! Some have an issue with the "mouthfeel" of the titanium which is why I would rate it as a 4 star for general but it has never been an issue for me
Great bit of kit
Just got back from a weekend camping on Dartmoor. My kids have inherited my ME and Multimat sleeping mats and I decided to give the Numo a go. It's a great bit of kit..very comfortable and packs down very small.. I didn't have to allocate space for it (as I have with my previous sleep mats) as I knew I'd be able to find space for it somewhere. Plenty long enough (I'm 6 ft) and whilst it looks narrow I found I didn't roll off it as much as I do with my other mats.
In summary, it packs down great, insulates you from the ground well and is comfortable.
Bear on his travels
We came across a lonely AlpBear in Ruddy Gill on Scafell Pike on Saturday night just gone (23rd July 2016) so we took him with us to the summit and then he accompanied 4 lovely ladies to Snowdon for their last mountain on their National 3 peaks challenge. He went on his own way after that after some cuddles and peanut butter!
Real kit at realistic prices
Firstly I have never left a review for a product.....ever.....but these mats really justify one.
Tossed and turned for ages over which mats to get to replace my old self inflating ones.
Finally settled on these as the specs are better that anything similar on the market and the price is too.
Super comfortable nights sleep even with my 3 year old on his own Dumo next to me - we both slept through to 7 - better than we get at home !
In built pump is a dream takes about two and a half mins to inflate at a leisurely pace and seconds to deflate, goes back easily into bag and I have found that you can use the deflate valve to deflate a little to get extra comfy.
Delivery was quick even to my remote location and people on the phone were really friendly and helpful too.
Great experience overall - a real pleasure !
ps the colour is a nicer blue in reality I think.
Awesome windproof jacket
I needed something lightweight for those longer fell runs to keep the chill out and this is perfect, it even fits in my hand! And the price? Alpkit does it again delivering a top quality product for a fraction of the price of other brands.
Inflatable Repair Kit
Supper fast free delivery!
Good clean up of the puncture zone before applying patch.
Very easy to fit, self-adhesive patches.
Water tight with-in seconds!
Highly recommended.


text:
If anyone else thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to righteousness under the law, blameless.
Granting a Moral Status?
Published by: Sam Crabtree
July 13, 2011
Recently Bethlehem's leadership team read together (orally) major portions of a document "Leadership and Church Size Dynamics," by Tim Keller, in which he says, "Every church has a culture that goes with its size and which must be accepted. Most people tend to prefer a certain size culture, and unfortunately, many give their favorite size culture a moral status and treat other size categories as spiritually and morally inferior."


text: Hitler's Car Is Probably Not In New JerseyTravis Okulski7/10/12 1:30pmFiled to: Star CarsMercedesNazi CarsHitlerMercedes 32050EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink When New Jersey mechanic Zenop Tuncer took delivery of a $180,000 Mercedes 320 that he purchased for a client, he thought he had been ripped off. What was described as a two door convertible arrived as a four door with no roof.Still, Tuncer called Mercedes to order parts. And when he gave them the VIN number, a flurry of activity started. Tuncer told The New York Times that Mercedes said the car previously belonged to Hitler. Yes, that Hitler. Advertisement But how could that be? How could a car that belonged to one of the worst people in the world be in New Jersey? And more importantly, did the car actually belong to Hitler? Hitler was frequently seen in a Mercedes 770, which was the top-of-the-line car made by Mercedes during Hitler's time. However, the Nazis did purchase eight of these 320 four door convertibles for high ranking generals. So it turns out that Mercedes was quite wrong. Sponsored The man who Tuncer bought the car for, Fred Daibes, is not of the belief that this car belonged to Hitler himself. Daibes said that this car was smuggled to America by a Naval Officer and then kept in his basement. And while Hitler didn't own it, it doesn't mean that he didn't go for a ride in it at some point. What we do know is that the car is almost definitely not the one that was involved in the assassination attempt on Nazi General Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich. Period photo from the Deutsches Bundesarchiv. Advertisement Reply50 repliesLeave a reply


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Meaning of "string theory" in the English Dictionary
(Definition of "string theory" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "string theory" from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
Word of the Day
the soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals


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Today's Devotional
Begging the Question?Do you ever feel pressure to share your faith in ways that seem awkward to you?
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1 BEDROOM Apartment in Chelsea (Midtown, NYC)
- $
- 2,800
- 296556
sent successfully
- Bedroom(s):
- 1
- Bathroom(s):
- 1
- Kitchen:
- Separate
- Square Fotage:
- Not provided
- Building Type:
- Mid Rise
- Market Status:
- Rented 03/16/2010
- Listed:
- 10/18/2010 By Owner
- Updated:
- 10/18/2010
- Available:
- 09/15/2007
- Terms:
- Minimum 12 Month(s)
- Concession:
- Not offered
- Unfurnished
- Washer/Dryer
- Elevator
- Doorman
- Roof Deck
Property use:
Current Price:
Property type:
Dining room
Outdoor space:
Square footage:
Not Provided
Ceiling Height:
Not Provided
Washer & Dryer:
Washer & Dryer Provided
Type:Mid Rise
Style:Post War
Service level:Attended Lobby
Ownership type:Condominium
Features:Laundry Room Roof Deck
- Building
- Handsome doorman building in fashionable Chelsea with many off Broadway theaters, new art galleries and fine restaurants. Close to Fashion Institute of Technology. State-of-the-art sports and entertainment complex Chelsea piers is within walking distance. Convenient to subways A,C,E,. Cross town buses are easily accessible right at doorstep. Building features doorman, elevator, roof garden and laundry facility.
- Apartment
- 1 bedroom in the heart of Chelsea. Apartment features very large living room with room for dining area and a wall of windows leading to the balcony, separate kitchen with dishwasher, spacious bedroom with tons of sunlight and closet space, tiled bath. Washer/dryer in apartment, wood floors, high ceilings and great closet space. Amazing views, gorgeous sunlight from southern and western exposures.
- 40 times the monthly rent Income required
|Credit check:
|Landlord's own
|Applicant PW:
Picture ID
2 pays stub(s)
Employment Letter
2 bank statement(s)
|Self employed PW:
Picture ID
2 pays stub(s)
Tax Return Form
2 bank statement(s)
|Guarantor PW:
Picture ID
Tax Return
- Notes
- The listing provider has not submitted paperwork details. The information provided above reflects standard New York City requirements. For details please check with the listing provider
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All the information provided herein was gathered from property owners and/or agents deemed reliable. No guarantee or warranty can be given as to the accuracy of the information. This information is also subject to errors, omissions or changes without notice. All dimensions and measurements are approximate.
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Andrew Gordon: "I'm a terrible athlete!"
Young Ducks forward Andrew Gordon is the latest subject in our feature "Duck Takes," where he answers a series of questions about current events, pop cultural and whatever else we could think of.
So this particular question was, "Outside of hockey, what's your greatest athletic feat?"
"I'm a terrible athlete!" Gordon responded. "I was asked if I wanted to try out for Team Nova Scotia soccer team when I was 16, but I've pretty much been a one-trick pony my whole life. Oh – I was named Athlete of the Year at O'Connell Drive Elementary School in grade 6...does that count!? That was definitely the end of my multi-sport career."
To read the rest of Gordon's takes, click here.
To follow Register column Jeff Miller on Twitter, click here.
Other recent posts on Ducks Blog:
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