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The world is producing and consuming about 8 billion tons of coal every year, generating more than 150 quintillion Btus (British thermal units) (Source: International Energy Administration, IEA). According to the green-energy narrative, the use of coal for generating electricity is destroying the land, polluting the natural world, raising world temperatures to dangerous levels, and spilling toxic fly ash into the environment. (Photo: Coal power plant. Credit: Wayne Silver, CC BY 2.0.)
The story goes that we must wean ourselves off of coal power generation and replace it with sustainable green and clean sources like hydro, solar, and wind power — before we destroy the world.
But how do we know for sure that coal is so bad? How do we know that building and operating wind and solar farms won't do just as much damage as fossil-fuel business-as-usual?
The brilliant minds here at ThomasNet Green & Clean have decided to undertake a series of articles trying to answer these questions. Each week, we're studying the environmental impacts of a different energy source, whether green or conventional. We're going to attempt an apples-to-apples comparison to try to understand whether "green" is really any greener.
In this third article of the series, I will be examining the environmental effects of coal power. To learn about economic concepts and environmental measures we will be using for this series, please see my first two articles:
"The Damage Done, Part 1 — Is Green Energy Really Better for the Environment?" and
"The Damage Done, Part 2 — How Do You Measure the Environmental Effects of Energy?"
Does Coal Really Make Us Sick and Kill Us?
One of the most important areas for measuring environmental impacts of energy production is its effects on human health and mortality.
Researchers have developed methods for measuring damages to people's health and reduction in their lifespans, expressing those damages in dollar values. One important measure is called the value of a statistical life (VSL); this is sometimes calculated by determining how much money people would want to get paid to avoid a certain bad effect, such as exposure to a greater risk of cancer; sometimes it is calculated by studying how much people will pay for increased safety; sometimes VSL takes into account a person's potential lifetime earnings.
I know, placing a monetary value on human life at first seems crass. But it allows policy-makers to quantify the potential benefits and costs of policy decisions. And as a practical matter, governments and businesses need some way to decide how far they will go to preserve a human life. Is a million dollars too much to spend? Probably not. But would it be feasible to spend a billion dollars to prevent a death? Somebody has to consider the question, and the VSL metric is one aid to making those kinds of tough decisions.
Studies of the value of a statistical life seem to have placed the monetary value of a human life at anywhere from $1 million to $10 million. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a VSL of $9.1 million. (This article in the Cato Institute's Regulation magazine outlines some of the methods of calculating VSL and some of the issues and controversies around this practice.)
In studying the environmental effects of coal energy, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report "Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use" calculates the damages caused by four air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulates (PM2.5), and coarse particulates (PM10). NAS uses a value of a statistical life of $6 million in its study.
NAS studied 406 coal power plants in the U.S. and found that damage from emissions of the four pollutants studied averaged $156 million per plant, ranging from $8.7 million to $575 million for the various plants studied. The most damaging 10 percent of plants caused 43 percent of aggregate damages. The following chart outlines some key figures about the damage done by the four pollutants considered in the study:
|Mean Damages per Ton of Emissions (2007 $US)
|Mean Damages per Kilowatt Hour (2007 $US)
$.038 (3.8 cents)
$.0034 (.34 cents)
$.0030 (.30 cents)
$.00017 (.017 cents)
All told, the NAS report estimates aggregate damages from the four pollutants across all the coal plants at $62 billion (2007 $US), or 3.2 cents per kWh. The damages per kWh among the various plants varied from .5 cent to 13 cents.
Paul R. Epstein and colleagues, in an article for the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ("Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal," 2011), writes that in 2005 coal generated 7.334 trillion kWh of electric power. If we use the NAS figure of 3.2 cents per kilowatt hour to monetize the human damages from coal of the four pollutants studied, the worldwide impact on human health and mortality (and some other minor impacts mentioned in the report) comes to about $245 billion in environmental impacts for one year.
Electrical generation from coal also results in emissions of heavy metals, whether into the atmosphere or by means of coal ash (or coal combustion wastes). According to the NAS study, these heavy metals include antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), thallium (Tl), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)
According to a report by Environment America ("America's Biggest Mercury Polluters," November 2011), coal plants in the U.S. emitted in 2010 over 66,000 pounds of mercury pollution into the air. Proposed new EPA standards would prevent annually 17,000 premature deaths, 11,000 heart attacks, 12,000 emergency department visits and hospital admissions, 120,000 cases of asthma symptoms in children, and 850,000 workdays missed due to illness.
Coal as an Engine of Climate Change
All technologies used to produce and distribute energy involve at least some level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission during their lifecycles. In the case of coal, the source has to be extracted, transported, and burned to produce energy. All of these activities emit GHGs at some level. (Illustration: Lifecycle CO2 emissions for electricity generation. Source: Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament License v1.0.)
Carbon dioxide (CO2, a.k.a., "carbon") is not the only GHG. Water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are also considered GHGs. But for measuring GHG emissions, the standard method is to wrap all emissions into a single "carbon footprint," expressed as grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt hour of power generation, abbreviated by the lovely designation "gCO2eq/kWh." (Sometimes the "eq" is shortened to "e.") For an explanation of carbon-footprint calculations, see the U.K. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology's report, "Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation."
A study published in Energy Policy by Benjamin K. Sovacool of the Vermont Law School, previously at the National University of Singapore, found that the estimated lifecycle carbon footprint for coal is 960 CO2 equivalents with scrubbing, and 1050 equivalents without scrubbing. (A scrubber is a device that absorbs CO2 from exhaust gases.)
Is coal's 960-1050 CO2 equivalents a lot? Well, yes, when compared with other energy sources. Here's how some of the key sources stack up, according to Sovacool's research:
|Lifecycle CO2 Equivalents (gCO2eq/kWh)
|Natural gas
|Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
As you can see from the "World energy-related carbon dioxide" chart shown below, out of the chief fuel types, coal accounts for the greatest proportion of CO2 emissions. The other "Coal share of world energy consumption" chart shows that the world relies heavily on coal for electricity production and will likely continue to do so for decades. (Credit: U.S. Energy Information Administration)
The National Academy of Sciences "Hidden Costs" report says that the U.S. relies on coal for nearly half of its electricity production and about one-third of its total energy needs.
Other Effects of Coal Power
Coal power creates externalities in other areas that are certainly of concern but that are harder to quantify.
A study by Charles J. Cicchetti for a group of non-profit organizations ("Expensive Neighbors: The Hidden Cost of Harmful Pollution to Downwind Employers and Businesses"), argues that a coal plant in one location can have negative effects on businesses and the economy in areas downwind. Cicchetti claims that every dollar invested in pollution controls for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) "avoids $50-100 dollars in downwind costs annually" — costs such as lost work days, increased labor expense, and higher health insurance costs.
Many observers have called attention to potential problems with coal ash, or the by-products of coal consumption. The American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) says that U.S. coal plants produce per year about 125 million tons of coal ash, about 45 percent of which gets reused for such purposes as concrete manufacturing and structural fill. While the association claims that these by-products present little environmental risk, others disagree. For some insight into this question, see Tracey Schelmetic's article, "House of Representatives Puts Fly Ash into EPA's Ointment." Be sure to read the comments posted with the article, as some of them come from a representative of the ACAA.
The mining and burning of coal has effects on plant and animal life, on habitats and ecosystems. It might be possible to make some estimates of the services ecosystems provide to humanity and the economic effects of ecosystem destruction. But an economist would be hard put to quantify the true value of the earth's living systems and the damage that human activity can cause.
Coal's Externalities: Who's Gonna Pick Up the $1.3 Trillion Check?
Epstein, in his article for the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ("Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal," 2011), concludes that the best estimate for all of the externalities of coal should be 17.84 U.S. cents per kWh. This includes monetization for emissions, carcinogens, fatalities, health problems, and GHG climate damage, among other things.
Using the 7.334 trillion kWh per year figure for electricity generated by coal worldwide, as I used previously, the total cost burden for coal's externalities would come to $1.3 trillion per year. And according to the U.S. Energy Information Agency, electricity produced by coal is expected to rise to 12.9 trillion kWh by 2035. So the bill is only going to go up, along with the environmental damage.
See this space next week for our discussion of the environmental effects of natural gas electrical generation. And, as always, feel free to use the comment space below to express your wisdom, ponderings, musings, or crazed tirade.
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December 20, 2011
Natural gas should replace coal ASAP. Issues about fracking should be solved with appropriate regulations. Of course burning natural gas is much better than burning coal. I suspect the coal lobby is just trying to deter the inevitable switch to natural gas. Because of shale gas long-term contracts for natural gas are available.
There is another reality about renewables, primarily solar and wind, they cannot replace coal and natural gas generated electricity by any great amount. They are simply expensive supplements.
I'm following this guy in Austin, TX – Andrew West who has some technology to burn natural gas even cleaner (no NOX and 80% less CO2). It's an old technology called oxy-fuel where the natural gas is blended with pure oxygen. In the past it wasn't adopted because the oxygen was too expensive. He claims to make it affordable enough to produce electricity that's less than coal-generated electricity.
If I understand his math correctly, we can retrofit all coal and natural gas power plants (and many industrial boilers) economically, meaning the utilities could pay for it without an increase in the cost of electricity. The result would be the elimination of NOX and SOX and an 80% reduction of CO2. Solar and wind advocates can't make those claims. Despite spending $1 trillion in the last 10 years, solar and wind installations didn't even keep up with new demand. That means we made NO progress on reducing CO2 emissions.
Too much of the energy conversation seems to be "fossil fuels versus renewables" and we're missing the chance to make significant progress by simply cleaning up the burning of natural gas with oxygen. There's more, he also provides affordable nitrogen to the power plants for cooling so they no longer need to damage rivers, lakes and streams.
He has some other solutions, too. Agriculture and education included.
It's worth a look: http://www.solutioneur.com
December 21, 2011
Al, great write-up and Alex, great comments. It's true, most of the conversation is centered around "fossil vs. renewables". I've certainly fanned that flame with some of the articles I've posted here. At the end of the day, it all comes down to economics. Cooler heads will prevail. Retrofitting fossil factories for natural gas will become the new way forward. Solar, wind, algae will continue to be deployed where it makes sense.


text: Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Entrevista a Greg Lindsay amazon.com … Not so long ago, airports were built near cities, and roads connected the one to the other. This pattern—the city in the center, the airport on the periphery— shaped life in the twentieth century, from the central city to exurban sprawl. Today, the ubiquity of jet travel, round-the-clock workdays, overnight shipping, and global business networks has turned the pattern inside out. Soon the airport will be at the center and the city will be built around it, the better to keep workers, suppliers, executives, and goods in touch with the global market. This is the aerotropolis: a combination of giant airport, planned city, shipping facility, and business hub. The aerotropolis approach to urban living is now reshaping life in Seoul and Amsterdam, in China and India, in Dallas and Washington, D.C. The aerotropolis is the frontier of the next phase of globalization, whether we like it or not … Amazon Exclusive: A Q&A with Author Greg Lindsay Q: In a few sentences, what's the central message of your book? A: Successful cities have always been founded because of trade—from Ur to New York, these are places where people exchange goods, money and ideas. Meanwhile, the shape of cities has always been defined by transportation. Boston was built around its docks;,Chicago around the railroads, and Los Angeles around the car. And the world is poised to build literally hundreds of new cities as 3 billion urbanize over the next forty years. So where would you put a new city today? And how would a city in western China—historically the middle of nowhere—connect to the world? The answer is the airport. In a global economy, where trillions of dollars in goods and billions of people follow digital bits around the world, sooner or later we would end up building cities defined by their airports, because the only geography that matters vis economic geography. It sounds like science fiction, but it's always been this way. … Q: What differentiates the aerotropolis from other commercially-centered visions of urban planning, like the suburban strip mall or Leavittown? A: Those are examples of what you get when private developers are driving the agenda, which has been the case in American since post-WWII suburbia, at least. The places that are consciously looking to develop (or redevelop) the areas around their airports, like Detroit, or Amsterdam, or Beijing, have done a much better job about thinking regionally, about bringing public and private interests together, and trying to build something that makes sense from both an economic and urban planning standpoint, rather than just make a quick buck. A great example is Amsterdam, which built an entirely new business district called the Zuidas on its southern border with towers expressly designed for the Netherlands' largest banks and other companies, along with housing, all centered on a train station that is six minutes from the airport. It's a lot better than the alternative—exurbs lying forty miles from Phoenix, Arizona. Aeropuertos Transporte Urbanismo Geografía Infraestructuras Movilidad nomada ha publicado esto

subset: commoncrawl


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I was sent a link via Facebook and an email from two separate mothers this week warning me to turn off the GPS function on my phone's camera.
The concern is that there is software that can examine the meta data in posted pictures of your kids and find out exactly where the photos were taken and where your family hangs out.
I think this is a very legitimate warning to parents, although the news cast makes it seem more scary than it needs to be. There's a simple 10-second solution for most phones, which the news cast explains at the very end after scaring you for the first 3.5 minutes.
So watch the video, check your phone and decide if you want the GPS meta data imbedded in your images. (I think it's actually an advantage if you are using Mac's iPhoto. I think it will match photos up by location through that meta data. Let me know if I am wrong on this function.)
My phone actually advises to keep the GPS off because it uses so much battery power.
And while I think the warning is worthwhile, I am equally fascinated by the way the mom warnings travel. The mom who sent the video via Facebook lives in Maryland and the other mom was a grandmother in Arizona. The news cast though looks like it was from Nov. 2010 so it took a while to circulate.
Have you gotten this warning this week? Did it come via Facebook? Will you disable the GPS on your phone camera?
– Theresa Walsh Giarrusso, Momania on ajc.com
August 26th, 2011
5:54 am
life must suck when you spend it cowering in your house from the big bad world.
August 26th, 2011
6:48 am
Of course, the "bad guys" will know where you are just by seeing you there.
I seriously doubt the average predator is tech savvy enough to be trolling FB for public profiles, searching through their pics for kids and then finding the imbedded GPS coordinates. Then, lying in wait at those locations, hoping you return with your child, look away for a few minutes so they can snatch them.
Why go to all that trouble when they can just hang out at a park or volunteer for a child centered organization?
Honestly, there are enough TRUE worries out there…why create more?
August 26th, 2011
7:08 am
No worries here! I'd seen the warning over a year ago…IMO, it's much ado about nothing!
August 26th, 2011
7:08 am
Takes about two seconds. I disabled the "Location" in my iPhone months ago. Why would you leave it on?
To those saying TWG is paraniod,you must be technically challenged. It takes less than a minute to use a picture on Facebook to identify where it was taken.
August 26th, 2011
7:17 am
@Pollyanna….er TallMom
Don't want to help out the perves, so this is a link to a very harlmess "Geo Tagging" map.
This one is of the whole globe, but there are maps that will break down the Geo Tag into longitude and lattitude.
If you think saving a picture from Facebook to a computer then uploading it onto one of these apps is being to "technically savvy" for your average predator then you are very naive. Longitude and Lattitude coordinates can be entered into any TomTom or Garmin to get directions.
Turning off the Geo Tagging on your phone only takes a few seconds. Why wouldn't you do it?
August 26th, 2011
7:37 am
This will never be a problem for me.
I use the phone for making, and listening to, sounds made by actual vocal cords of human beings. I use a…..hold on to your seats folks…c a m e r a for taking pictures, when I want to…ssssshhhhhh…it's coming,,,hold on….take p i c t u r e s.
Yes, go ahead and call me old fashioned for actually separating these life events. I actually have a crappy camera on my phone…imagine that…for when the 'branes bump into each other (string theory), which doesn't happen. I hear Anthony Weiner is a proficient phone photographic artist. I'll leave that phone+picture stuff to …well, the rest of you.
Plus, I am going to now give jarvis chills: I have a bada$$ Cannon, circa 1990's, which uses da-ta-da-da-da…film. You couldn't buy it from me, and I'll shoot with it until you pry it from my cold, dead, hands. The depth and overall quality has yet to be matched, by any digital pretender that I have ran against to this day. 20 megapixel?…bring it on baby. It's about touch and "eye".
See, I don't have a problem with this.
August 26th, 2011
7:39 am
I had a post…evaporate into your blog nexus. Find it if you want, but I sure ain't gonna re-write it. It wasn't profane, although I wanted it to be.
August 26th, 2011
7:46 am
How about don't post your kids photos online. Simple. One of the many reasons you won't find me on Facebook. Instead post them to Picasa or something with a private URL and send that to your friends and family.
August 26th, 2011
7:51 am
Most phones come with geo tagging already turned off. And, if it is not, you receive a message asking if you want to turn it off. While I agree it is important to turn it off especially if you are going to be posting pictures online. However, I think the news clip is another example of the media making too big of a deal about something. Especially when the majority of phones are bought with the geo tagging off.
August 26th, 2011
7:51 am
ok, don't want to scare anybody, but apparently at the end of some driveways are numbers that gives the bad guys your street address, quick go down there now and paint over them. I'll keep reading facebook for more parenting help because i'm freakin clueless. hey, did ya'll know that at the back of your SUV are model numbers and manufacturer logos and bad guys can tell what kind of SUV ya'll drive and stuff. Oh, and guys, listen, don't shop at Krogers. they have a sign over there door that says Krogers, the bad guys will know that you shop there when they see you walk in there. y'all is that helicopter thang following me? no, don't answer.
August 26th, 2011
8:05 am
HAHAHA and LOL and some of these comments.
It's really VERY simple. TURN. IT. OFF.
And, it's the media's JOB to scare people. It's what they do best. That's why I don't watch the news. In my house we call the news The 5:00 Body Count.
August 26th, 2011
8:06 am
TWG, luv ya, and understand what you're saying. But don't be one of those moms that this path leads to. It makes it impossible to have a personal relationship with anyone.
Serial killers and child abducters seemed to find kids all throughout history, even before facebook, cell phones, neighborhood watch zones, etc.
August 26th, 2011
8:10 am
My phone had the tagging on when I bought it. I remember thinking it was pretty cool, in case I forgot where or when a pic had been taken.
I agree that the media is making too big a deal about this, but you really can't be too careful when it comes to sexual predators. And you have to admit, it's just creepy. I don't even like typing my address into Google Earth and seeing my house pop up. I will turn the function off on my camera.
August 26th, 2011
8:17 am
Molestation and kidnappings are usually by someone the family KNOWS…a relative, neighbor, family friend, teacher, etc.
As for turning off that function on my phone? I probably would…if I had a cell phone. WHAT?!?!?! That's right…I do not have a cellphone!! OH EM GEEEE!!
Living just fine without one!
August 26th, 2011
8:17 am
If someone were so inclined I think they would frequent places where they could take their pick of the kids (as repulsive as that may sound) rather than see a picture and then try to find out where it was taken, how often is the kid there, and spend hours/days waiting for the kid to come back.
I would imagine pervs to be like burglers – on the lookout for an easy target… any target as long as it's easy.
August 26th, 2011
8:40 am
Good lord -I just refuse to worry about this! There are pervs everywhere who have been abducting children forever without technology. I believe I've said this before, but my father and I honestly feel like my mother "worried" herself into her brain tumor. She worried about EVERYTHING -including stuff like this that is barely above pure paranoia. Don't do that to yourself! Anxiety and worry truly are horrible for your health!
Intetestingly enough, this feature of locating kids using phone GPS and the photo GPS for missing kids and runaways has been touted as a huge SAFETY benefit by many companies and child safety experts (you know -the ones who get paid to be helicopters).
August 26th, 2011
8:40 am
Sorry about the typos, bad grammar and incomplete sentences in my previous post. I wasn't fully awake and did not have my coffee yet. However, it looks like you guys got the point I was trying to make.
August 26th, 2011
8:40 am
"Molestation and kidnappings are usually by someone the family KNOWS…a relative, neighbor, family friend, teacher, etc."
This reminds me of the episode of South Park where the parents hear this and they are so paranoid about their kids getting hurt (by them) they turn them out to fend for themselves. It was so funny.
Anyway, this is true but there are cases of child trafficking where kids are singled out because of how they look. I really do agree that it's overkill. But it's easy to turn off the function so I will.
August 26th, 2011
8:47 am
"Mom scare:"
Seriously, WTF? Can we do without the angst & drama, please?
August 26th, 2011
8:52 am
Um, Theresa, I think you might want to review these posts and delete the ones at the top. Kinda vulgar!
August 26th, 2011
8:55 am
But she doesn't think twice about posting her kids vacation, first day of school pics, etc on her blog!!!! naw, no pervs on ajc.com, nope.
August 26th, 2011
8:55 am
@JATL: My daughter had a roommate during summer school last yearl, whose parents were apparently prototypical helicopter parents. The girl was provided with a GPS-enabled phone, and told that, even though she was a college student living two hours away, she was expected to be in her room by midnight each night — and told that they would check her phone's GPS at "random" times to make sure she was there, because they had the lat/long coordinates of the dorm.
Funny, the GPS coordinates of the dorm didn't tell the parents that their curfew-inflicted daughter was smoking pot and spending most nights three floors down with her boyfriend.:-) And if she wanted to go out after midnight, the phone stayed safely in the dorm, while she partied happily elsewhere. :-)
Some parents are so clueless.
August 26th, 2011
8:57 am
She's busy throwing away her kids monogrammed clothes, cant have the bad guys knowing her kids initials.
August 26th, 2011
9:14 am
I guess I would worry about this if my kids were the kids of the President or something. Otherwise, I am not going to spend my time looking around like I think everyone is out to get me (sound of the helicopters landing kicks in).
August 26th, 2011
9:21 am
Shaggy….I could kiss you. Brilliant post.
August 26th, 2011
9:23 am
What about people who put those "family" stickers on the back window of their car? You can see how many kids they have, what animals they have, and sometimes, even their last name is on top of all that……that to me is major advertising about your family.
Or the soccer ball/cheerleading/football sticker with the kids' name on it and what school they go to.
Predators can just follow you home….LOL. They have your name, how many kids you have, and what types of animals are in your home……
August 26th, 2011
9:35 am
@DB – I went to high school and college with a girl who had a curfew in college…and our parents were EIGHT hours away. This was pre-everyone-had-a-cell-phone days (early 90s) but I'm sure if she had one her parents would have tracked her by GPS/lat-lon coordinates down to the square inch. They called her randomly after 12:30 to make sure she was in her room. One day her father even had MY father call and confirm that she spent the night with me because she was locked out of her dorm. I gave my father some probably impolite words about getting me involved in such foolishness and not to call me again with BS! LOL!
On topic – I think everyone has his or her own level of paranoia when it comes to children and no one is right or wrong. We have seen some pervs get more tech savvy in stalking and coming in contact with children. There are still the garden variety steal-them-from-the-park and your-mama's-nasty-boyfriend and your-dirty-old-uncle pervs. These days there is no telling where the threat is coming from and how you handle it is personal.
My brother's soon-to-be ex wouldn't let the kids ride their bikes even in the cul du sac – they had to ride in the driveway. (Really? How stupid! Only 3 cars can fit in driveway. I think it's because she didn't want to watch them when they were younger and she just got in the habit of saying no by the time they got older but that's just me…I don't really like her so I don't give her the benefit of the doubt.) My grandmother was a nervous wreck about everything – God forbid you were 20 minutes late getting to her house – so we always had to have someone older with us when we walked to church on Sundays or we couldn't go to the park alone (just my younger brother and I); to be fair, you never knew WHO (like the TEENAGERS…oooohhhh) was going to be in the park and what they were going to be doing (like SMOKING…oooohhhhh) and as a parent she had to kind of curb our exposure to things when we were smaller.
Now, I also had the dirty-old-uncle who, I found out later on in life, molested my mother and her sister. He was the one that everyone "knew about" so no one would let their children go inside over there. I never KNEW why my grandmother would never let me go inside without her. This was her sister's house! And if we were inside, I had to stand or sit next to her at all times. She even walked me to the bathroom and stood by the door. No camera phones in the 80s, just regular pervs.
August 26th, 2011
9:36 am
@DB -both classic and priceless! Geez -no wonder little darling was puffing ganja and exploring her sexual freedoms -with parents like that she needed some hard-core escapism ;-)
August 26th, 2011
9:39 am
@Shaggy, I love old things. I'm not a photog type of guy, but I have no problem with your preference.
I can't think of anything I'd want more than a 1970's era classic car. Cup holders are for chumps. Give me a block 350, bench seats, and head room in the back (clearly I mean horizontal head room) any day over the digital dashboards, cupholders and traction control any day of the week and twice on Sunday.
I get feeling nostalgic for the things we loved in our youth.
Feeling that way doesn't me crazy at all. It's when people on here say untrue things about the way people raise kids now or how kids today are so much worse than they were 20 years ago. There have always been good and bad people, good and bad parents, and good and bad policies. Folks just like to look at the old days through rose tinted glasses. That's just not me.
August 26th, 2011
9:45 am
Man….I butchered that.
August 26th, 2011
9:46 am
I, too, am one of the few people left on the face of the earth who uses my cell phone for one reason and one reason only – to make phone calls.
August 26th, 2011
9:46 am
@TWG, That's what she said.
August 26th, 2011
9:48 am
I'm not going to worry about it. I keep my GPS on my phone turned off unless I need to use the map to navigate somewhere, and even then it hardly works cause it can't find a GPS signal.
@jarvis – I'd love to have a 1978 Bandit Edition Trans-Am. I'll have one someday, even if I'm 85 by the time it happens! Ha!
August 26th, 2011
9:54 am
@Lady Strange, I love the Bandit's car, but have you ever seen it in white and blue rather than the brown and gold. It's a personal fav.
August 26th, 2011
9:55 am
I don't worry about this stuff either..I'm like shaggy..Phone for talking, camera for pictures..
Funny that people are talking about kids at college.I have a coworker that has a 21 year old daughter in college 4 hrs. away..When she comes home for breaks, she has to call her Mother every third exit..If she doesn't, the Mom is calling her to find out where she is..If she stops anywhere, she has to call and tell her Mom exactly where she is..It's not even 10:00 and they are talking on the phone for the 4th time since 8:00.. Her Mom called her this morning to ask her what she was gonna wear to school today..Really??
Then the really sad part about it, is when she hangs up with the daughter, she'll call home to tell her Mother everything that she just talked about with the child at school..She calls her Mom 4-5 times per day and "talks" to the dog and cat..
@JJ..I wondered about that also..I heard a local lawyer talk about that on the radio once, he said that is a big NO NO..
August 26th, 2011
10:04 am
My daughter has to check in with me when she is travelling. I don't mean when she goes over to a friends house or the mall, but when she is driving down to Eastman to see friends and spend the night. Just call when you reach your desination so I know you aren't in a ditch.
@Jarvis – I had an 84 Trans Am, fully loaded, t-tops, etc. I LOVED that car (my ex wrecked and totalled it out, broke my heart). My two dream cars are a 67 Camero SS & a 65 'Stang…….If I ever come into money, one or both of those will be in my driveway. Fully restored of course….!!
August 26th, 2011
10:12 am
I do not have this app my cell phone….anyone surprised? I do need a cell phone and could not live without it as I depend on it while I am out and about for work.
I took some pictures of a waterfall in NC last week and sent them to my husband and sister.
My daughter and husband were certain that my sister took them, as they knew I would never be able to take the pictures and actually send them too. I did it! Wow…I am making baby steps into technology. I still cannot work the remote here and so I do not watch TV when I am home alone. Just give me a good book and I will be fine. I could give up our TV and have no problem with it.
I could not give up my computer.
@ shaggy and jarvis…my two CRINGE when I say INSTAMATIC CAMERA and roll their eyes.
Anyone else remember?
TWG…thanks I will look for the recipes.
Denise and Becky….I emailed you about getting together in a few weeks…let me know!
August 26th, 2011
10:16 am
I ask my daughter to text me when she arrives at UGA, just to make sure she arrives safely. She will usually call me for a quick chat or send a quick text every day or two…no big deal. As far as my son….DB…is in charge of making sure he is alive and that is about it…if we hear from him once a week…it is a big deal!
August 26th, 2011
10:40 am
@JJ, I'd have divorced her too.
I love the 67′ SS.
August 26th, 2011
10:43 am
@Jarvis – I'm a woman…..I divorced HIM….LOL
August 26th, 2011
11:01 am
@TWG…I'm relieved to see that "this on [sic] isn't one that bothers" you….It shouldn't because you've already posted pics of your kids and where you live…you don't have to worry about people surreptitiously getting the info described in the warning…you're handing it over freely.
August 26th, 2011
11:03 am
Haha….I know you're a woman….man the sexism is just spewing from my subconcious.
August 26th, 2011
11:06 am
TWG – my post was eaten.
August 26th, 2011
11:08 am
@JJ, have you looked at the 2011 SS. Also a gorgeous car.
August 26th, 2011
11:21 am
@Jarvis – Yes it is beautiful, but I want the older original….
August 26th, 2011
11:30 am
My grandfather has a 65 Mustang bought brand new in 65. I think it must be pretty rare to have a one owner 65 mustang.
August 26th, 2011
11:47 am
@jarvis – I have, the white/blue is beautiful. But the black/gold is my personal favorite Trans-Am. I wouldn't mind one of both! a '73 white/blue and a '78 black/gold, only in my dreams.
August 26th, 2011
12:53 pm
Great! While I was away, the discussion swayed to a much more important topic, "American muscle cars".
The king of them all is the 1967 Shelby Cobra, 427…I was once disciplined (in a distant universe and read whupped for disciplined) for looking under the hood of a cherry red one. My little maniac buddies and I were warned, but we just HAD to pull the pins and see the majesty that was making our ears vibrate every time coach pulled up in it. He caught us red-handed, soon we were red-butted. It was worth it.


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Posts tagged Good
Posts tagged Good
Tender Crisp Chicken #lookatthoseBuns 😋
•Michael's Footlong Hotdog with chili, mustard and fries
•Steak hoagie all the way with light mayo, fries and a lemonade for dinner while we watched Survivor!
I ordered the Chicken-N-Dumplins platter with Mac & Cheese, fried apples and buttermilk biscuits! And trust me, my grandma seriously snuck in and whipped them up! Haha
I think I just time traveled back to 3rd grade!
There's nothing like a good ole' Hardee's biscuit!
Branson's Sausage & cheese biscuit and my biscuit & gravy plate with scrambled eggs, hash browns and bacon!
This past week we celebrated Branson's Birthday! I'm a sucker for birthdays…and of course cooking birthday cakes!
I found a really simple recipe for the cake and buttercream icing: http://www.food.com/recipe/magnolia-bakerys-vanilla-birthday-cake-and-frosting-139518
It turned out so soft and moist :)
Tonight I cooked Chicken Bog and boy was it good!
**If you have no clue what Chicken Bog is I highly suggest you read this article: http://members.tripod.com/~andrews_sc/chickenbog.htm
Where I'm from it's a classic! Of course I had to have Texas Pete hot sauce on mine ;) Yummmmy!!
Preparing the Halloween treats!
Starting my day off with a nice warm cup of chai tea! I found an amazing recipe and tried it out….the aroma coming from my cup is unbelievable!


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"my son chose this design for his fifth birthday. its perfect! bright, fun and a bit mysterious like space should be. the back of the card has a place for a photo and a personal message for his friends to read. the invitations came so speedy, no stress waiting for them. we were excited to send them out because they are so cool."
"I ordered these invitations for my son's construction themed 2nd birthday party. They were perfect for the occassion. Nothing fancy or over the top, but the quality of paper and printing for spot-on...what I've come to expect from Tiny Prints. I opened the package and my son immediately wanted one to hold. He's been walking about the house with it since. Despite begin under that amount of torture, the card still looks great."
"These invitations are adorable. They are perfect for my car and truck loving two year old. The paper is very nice quality and best of all...they shipped FAST! I received them in three days!"
"We loved these matching gifts tags. They included everything that we needed, they incorporated theme, name and age and they were adhesive! That was so key for us as we special ordered boxed cookies as favors so these allowed us to add a sticker to each box and we were done - they looked wonderful! The adhesive saved me the trouble of having to wrap already packaged boxes in clear bags and using ribbon to add the tag - they were perfect. Excellent complement to the invitation!"
"I ordered these with the square corners and regular mailing size envelopes for my son's 3rd birthday party. They came looking exactly like the picture on the screen. I put a photo of my son on the back. It was pretty easy to do. I've already received compliments on them. The down side is no matching thank you notes."


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Mike NelsonMichael J. Nelson is the former host and writer of the Emmy-nominated, Peabody Award-winning Mystery Science Theater 3000. Since that time, he has appeared on numerous radio and TV shows, penned a regular column for TV Guide, and authored best-selling books for both HarperCollins and Abrams.In 2006 Nelson partnered with Legend Films to found... Read more »
Kevin MurphyKevin Murphy has cultivated the act of talking back to the movies into an art form and a career. For ten years Kevin co-wrote and directed the Peabody Award-winning series Mystery Science Theater 3000, and starred as the plucky red robot Tom Servo. Classic episodes of MST3K, as its legion of fans call it, continue to be huge sellers on Shout!... Read more »
Bill CorbettBill Corbett is a former writer for MYSTERY SCIENCE THEATER 3000 and also a performer on the show, providing the voice of the robot Crow (v.2.0) and playing various other strange characters -- including the all-powerful but clueless alien The Observer (a.k.a. "Brain Guy").Corbett is also a screenwriter and playwright. Corbett's screenplay STARSHIP... Read more »
Audio Syncer
DisembAudioDisembAudio is the world famous synthesized voice behind RiffTrax's Patented "Perfect Synch Technology." He has long been a player in the world of synthesized voices, and has worked in all areas of the industry. Originally thrust into the world of RiffTrax due to fluke circumstances, (mainly due to the fact that DisembAudio's voice was... Read more »
Guest Riffers
Joel McHaleHailing from Seattle, Washington, and blessed with Irish and Nordic ancestral roots, Joel McHale is one of the whitest and fairest stars around. Armed with sunscreen, his Mariners jersey and plenty of Wellbutrin, Joel became a cast member on Comedy Central's "Almost Live!" Joel managed to complete the Actor's... Read more »
"Weird Al" Yankovic"Weird Al" Yankovic, the undisputed king of pop culture parody, has sold more comedy recordings than any other artist in history. In a career spanning nearly three decades, he has amassed 28 Gold and Platinum albums, 7 Gold and Platinum-certified home videos and 3 Grammy Awards (with 9 nominations). An accomplished director, Al has... Read more »
Fred WillardBorn and raised in Shaker Heights, OH, Willard began his career by spending a year at Chicago's famed Second City. Willard's improvisational performance as "Buck Laughlin" in the film "Best in Show" earned him the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor, the American Comedy Award for Funniest... Read more »
Neil Patrick HarrisNeil Patrick Harris continues to demonstrate his creative versatility as Barney in the hit CBS comedy series HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER. He just wrapped a reprised self portraying role in the feature film comedy HAROLD AND KUMAR 2. In the theater world, Neil recently starred in Arthur Miller's "All My Sons" at the Geffen Playhouse. His Broadway works... Read more »
Paul F. TompkinsPaul F. Tompkins is from Philadelphia, PA, where he started performing stand-up comedy in 1986. In 1994, he moved to Hollywood, CA, which led Paul to a stint as a writer and performer on HBO's MR. SHOW WITH BOB AND DAVID where he was nominated for an Emmy award for writing. Paul also wrote and starred in his own one-man show, DRIVEN TO DRINK... Read more »
Richard CheeseAmerica's loudest lounge singer Richard Cheese performs swingin' Vegas versions of rock, rap, and Top40 hits, "swankifying" contemporary songs into traditional pop vocal standards. Cheese has sold more than 135,000 CDs; his albums include Lounge Against The Machine, Tuxicity, I'd Like A Virgin, Aperitif For Destruction, The Sunny... Read more »
Jonathan CoultonAn independent musician with the heart of a geek, Jonathan Coulton left his day-job as a computer programmer to stay home and write songs. Between 2005 and 2006 he wrote, recorded, and published a new song every week as a free podcast project called "Thing a Week." This year-long experiment produced 52 consistently well-written and... Read more »
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posted on behalf of Dr. Jeremy Bell, DO
Preeclampsia is a condition that can develop after 20 weeks of pregnancy. You may be diagnosed with preeclampsia if you have high blood pressure, generalized swelling and excess protein in your urine. Physicians use a cutoff blood pressure reading of 140/90 for mild preeclampsia and 160/110 for severe preeclampsia.
If preeclampsia becomes severe you may experience symptoms such as:
- Headaches
- Visual changes – including double vision, blurriness, seeing spots or flashing lights, light sensitivity or temporary loss of vision
- Upper right abdominal pain
- Seizures caused by eclampsia
Severe preeclampsia can affect the placenta and cause placental abruption, which causes vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. It can also cause decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus leading to fetal growth restriction.
If you have high blood pressure it can be treated with medications, but delivery is really the only cure. Your doctor may decide to move toward delivery if you are beyond 34 weeks with severe preeclampsia and beyond 37 weeks with mild preeclampsia. Talk with your health care provider to learn more about preeclampsia and what you should do if you are diagnosed with it.
Pregnant women photo by mahalie stackpole from seattle, USA (pregnant profile III) [CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons


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Figure Skating Viewing Schedule
*NBC Olympic coverage not included. Olympic coverage will be updated at a later time*
In addition to the coverage shown above on NBC, icenetwork will also air these events live, as well as many other events live and on demand. Click here for a schedule and here to subscribe!


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(WASHINGTON) — With an agreement to allow Afghan forces to take the lead on controversial raids now signed, sealed and delivered, Washington and Kabul moved forward Tuesday on the more complicated matter of hammering out a strategic partnership document that would go into effect after the scheduled 2014 withdrawal of coalition forces.
The agreement, when it happens, will likely follow the blueprint of one crafted by the U.S. and Iraq to guarantee Afghan sovereignty once troops have exited the country.
However, given the intricacies of the 10-year-long conflict, discussions will have to proceed at a lightning fast pace since President Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai want it ready when they meet next month at a NATO summit on Afghanistan in Chicago.
Marc Grossman, the U.S. special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, admitted as much to reporters, telling them, "The sooner we can sign the [strategic partnership document] with Afghanistan, people then will have to realize that there is going to be an American presence in Afghanistan for some time to come."
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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Talk of the Tents
New York Fashion Week photos, live blogging, runway highlights and celebrities.
BloggersAnne Bratskeir Joseph V. Amodio Nina Ruggiero Barbara Schuler Greg Emerson
Anne Bratskeir
Anne Bratskeir covers shopping, fashion, beauty and lifestyle trends for Newsday, and is a reality television show addict who reports on everything from Housewives to American Idol.
Kerry Washington celebrates her new 'Scandal' collection for The Limited
"Scandal" star Kerry Washington, beaming in a sexy floral dress, shared the spotlight with some very good clothes at the launch party for her new "Scandal" collection for The Limited on Monday night at the downtown IAC building. These, displayed on a loooong line of models standing on a raised platform, definitively conjured Olivia Pope. And it's Pope, the ABC-TV hit show's popular character, whose...Read more »
Calvin Klein spring 2015: Seasonless, sleek and smart
Inspiration: At his downtown show on Thursday afternoon, Calvin Klein creative director Francisco Costa delivered a slick, seasonless collection that was both powerful and feminine which, he said in notes, was inspired by menswear.
The vibe: Cool, composed, ladylike but confident, Costa was intent on, "Making the body a little more exposed in a way, you know, giving the woman more...Read more »
Ralph Lauren spring 2015: A romantic safari
Inspiration: Presented downtown on Thursday morning, Ralph Lauren explained his collection as, "an exotic kind of luxury, the spirit of a romantic safari emboldened by luminous colors played against the heritage of pure khakis in sleek and modern shapes."
The vibe: To set the scene, mosquito netting swathed the runway's giant chandeliers and an enormous floral arrangement of exotic flowers...Read more »
Michael Kors Spring 2015: The perennial optimist
Inspiration: "Optimistic chic" said program notes, and as Michael Kors explained to The Associated Press, "It's a crazy world right now; you know, we look at the headlines, and it's pretty tough out there. And I think that spring time ... it's a time that people do feel more optimistic and I think that if you put something on that kind of has some charm to it, I think it changes your spirits."
The...Read more »
Rachel Zoe Spring 2015: Penthouse pleaser
Leave it to Rachel Zoe to break up the runway race with a lovely respite in the penthouse loft of the Soho Grand hotel. Here, a handful of models circulated through the room and out on the terrace modeling Zoe's particular brand of wearable glam. Fashion types pawed through rolling racks displaying the entire collection while noshing on blini and smoked salmon and drinking champagne.
Zoe...Read more »
Oscar de la Renta spring 2015 collection: The designer sends flowers
Inspiration: A lush, flower-trimmed runway opening was as fragrant as spring and it seemed clear that de la Renta went to the garden for inspiration at his spring 2015 show which was presented Tuesday in his midtown showroom.
The vibe: As fresh as a daisy -- in fact one dress was embroidered with daisies -- but it wasn't only about florals. Lush petal pink and Wedgewood blue oversized...Read more »
Serena Williams shows collection at New York Fashion Week after winning U.S. Open
It's been quite a week for tennis superstar Serena Williams. First a historic 18th Grand Slam win at the U.S. Open, then a glam fashion show Tuesday afternoon. Williams drew a huge crowd to a West Side studio, where she relaunched her collection for HSN. The throng included tennis-loving Vogue editor Anna Wintour, who posed between the champ and her opponent, Caroline Wozniacki, who said she came...Read more »
Naomi Campbell celebrates with Badgley Mischka
Design team Mark Badgley and James Mischka marked their silver anniversary in business with a grand finale at their runway show at Lincoln Center on Tuesday with about 1,000 silver balloons that dropped from the ceiling and a runway bow with none other than Naomi Campbell, who wore their gold-and-silver strapless sequin mini dress ... and wore it well.
Campbell came, Mischka said...Read more »
Diane von Furstenberg goes French Riviera -- ooh la la
Inspiration: Sunshine and the blue waters of the French Riviera 1950s style (think Brigitte Bardot) inspired von Furstenberg's collection that included bold checks, vibrant colors and graphic patterns ...sometimes all in one look.
The vibe: Flirty, upbeat, exuberant … with Barry White crooning in the background, the celebrity-packed house was in for a delightful ride on a runway that...Read more »
Donna Karan Spring 2015 collection: Wearable art
Inspiration: True that New York is always at the core of every collection Donna Karan designs, but for her Spring 2015 lineup, which was dubbed "The Art of the Street," she traveled afar for inspiration — India, Bali, Africa and Haiti — and then returned home.
The vibe: Sexy and cool with just a dab of '50s sweet, Karan mixed up a provocative cocktail of looks that had equally strong shots...Read more »


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Fantastic! Lots of fun and very usable stuff!
In this course Frank offers advice on posing models and their hands, shooting with soft boxes, hard light vs. soft light, and much more. In later lessons, Frank introduces a wind machine to his shoot, along with fire cloth, water spray, and sheets of plastic. Follow along and get some fresh ideas on how to get creative with your studio lighting.
Get instant access to this course & more
Frank shares some tips on directing your models for better lines and curves in their poses which will translate to better images
This lesson has tricks for optimizing the use of your Elinchrom Octa soft box
Frank shows different ways to configure a deep Octa soft box and how to account for the hot spot
Frank places his model between two strip lights and uses flags to block excess light
Frank places his model in front of a black background with hard light and uses a second strobe to open up the shadows
The ability to be creative with your lighting will allow you to shoot wherever you want
Use a white wall behind the subject to create interesting shadows in the images
Add some action to your photos with a wind machine and a fire cloth
Frank demonstrates the right and wrong ways to include the hands in your shot
These two lighting setups are very popular and provide a good base for getting started
Adjusting shutter speed to capture hot lights
Making small changes to your model gives your shots a unique look
Mark the floor of your studio so that your models know where to stand
Placing two lights behind plastic creates a very unique look for this shot
Fantastic! Lots of fun and very usable stuff!
Very excellent. Great teaching tool and great teacher!
This was brilliant! A superb culmination to the series. Validated some things I knew, corrected things I thought I knew and delivered insight that only years of real world experience brings. Frank is a star!
Frank and Corbell, the very best of KT. more please
I simply love this guy, he's fun and he teaches you easily. One question I have though, I wish I had more info regarding that amazing large Elinchrom soft box, any chance I can get a link for that as I want to buy it please? Please post more classes for Frank!
Frank is a very outstanding teacher. He has great pace but takes the care to explain everything he is doing and why he is doing it. In addition, he doesn't hesitate to provide small tips along the way.
Interesting course, it inspired me!
Love Frank and his style. Lots of stuff to go back to and refresh yourself with. Yes, post my feedback


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HOME NFL Detroit Lions Gear Detroit Lions Sweatshirts & Fleece Cold Weather Gear (207 items) Product ID: 694666
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Barry Sanders put himself on the map as an NFL all-star with a reputation for being one of the most prolific and elusive running backs of all time. He was ranked within the top 20 of the NFL Network's The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players and helped lead the Detroit Lions to five playoff games in the 1990s before being inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2004. Give a nod to the greats of Pro Football when you commemorate Sanders' memorable playing career with the Detroit Lions in this Hall of Fame hoodie. It features Sanders' name over a Hall of Fame banner graphic and the year he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame with his retired player number at the top.
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Adjustment of the WACC with Subsidized Debt in the Presence of Corporate Taxes: the N-Period Case
AbstractIn the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) applied to the free cash flow (FCF), we assume that the cost of debt is the market, unsubsidized rate. With debt at the market rate and perfect capital markets, debt only creates value in the presence of taxes through the tax shield. In some cases, the firm may be able to obtain a loan at a rate that is below the market rate. With subsidized debt and taxes, there would be a benefit to debt financing, and the unleveraged and leveraged values of the cash flows would be unequal. The benefit of lower tax savings are offset by the benefit of the subsidy. These two benefits have to be introduced explicitly. In this paper we present the adjustments to the WACC with subsidized debt and taxes and the cost of leveraged equity for multiple periods. We demonstrate the analysis for both the WACC applied to the FCF and the WACC applied to the capital cash flow (CCF). We use the calculation of the Adjusted Present Value, APV, to consider both, the tax savings and the subsidy. We show how all the methods match.
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by EconWPA in its series Finance with number 0504006.
Length: 13 pages
Date of creation: 06 Apr 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpfi:0504006
Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 13
Contact details of provider:
Web page: http://18.104.22.168
Related researchKeywords: Adjusted Present Value; APV; weighted average cost of capital; discounted cash flow; DCF equity value; cost of equity; WACC; subsidized debt with taxes; valuation of cash flows; project evaluation; project appraisal; firm valuation; cost of capital; cash flows; free cash flow; capital cash flow;
Other versions of this item:
- Ignacio Vélez-Pareja & Joseph Tham & Viviana Fernández, 2005. "Adjustment of the WACC with Subsidized Debt in the Presence of Corporate Taxes: The N-Period Case," Economic Analysis Working Papers (2002-2010). Atlantic Review of Economics (2011-2013), Colexio de Economistas de A Coruña, Spain and Fundación Una Galicia Moderna, vol. 4, pages 1-19, October.
- Ignacio Vélez-Pareja & Joseph Tham & Viviana Fernández, 2005. "Adjustment of the WACC with Subsidized Debt in the Presence of Corporate Taxes: the N-Period Case," PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS Y VALORACION 001945, MASTER CONSULTORES.
- D61 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
- G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
- G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
- G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
- H43 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ACC-2005-04-16 (Accounting & Auditing)
- NEP-ALL-2005-04-16 (All new papers)
- NEP-PBE-2005-04-16 (Public Economics)
ReferencesReferences listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Ignacio Vélez-Pareja, 2004. "Modeling the Financial Impact of Regulatory Policy: Practical Recommendations and Suggestions. The Case of World Bank," PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS Y VALORACION 003228, MASTER CONSULTORES.
- Ignacio Vélez-Pareja, 2007.
"Cash Flow Valuation in an Inflactionary World. The Case of World Bank for Regulated Firms,"
Economic Analysis Working Papers (2002-2010). Atlantic Review of Economics (2011-2013),
Colexio de Economistas de A Coruña, Spain and Fundación Una Galicia Moderna, vol. 6, pages 1-19, November.
- Ignacio Velez-Pareja, 2005. "Cash Flow Valuation in an Inflationary World. The Case of World Bank for Regulated Firms," PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS Y VALORACION 002109, MASTER CONSULTORES.
- Joseph Tham & Ignacio Velez-Pareja Velez-Pareja, 2005. "With Subsidized Debt How do we Adjust the WACC?," PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS Y VALORACION 003783, MASTER CONSULTORES.
- Ignacio Velez-Pareja & Joseph Tham, 2005. "Proper Solution of Circularity in the Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions: A Reply to the Financing Present Value A," PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS Y VALORACION 003395, MASTER CONSULTORES.
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Owned by Sifu Jerry Gardner and Jean LaSarre Gardner, Red Lotus offers traditional-style training in the classical martial arts of T'ai Chi Chu'an (adults) and Wing Chun Kung-Fu for adults and youth (ages 7-12).
Iaido and Kendo classes are also housed at Red Lotus School by an independent instructor. Please call or email for more information.
T'ai Chi: Our T'ai Chi classes will guide you in developing strength through softness, stillness through movement, change through consistency. Slow down and replenish yourself — do T'ai Chi.
Fundamentals of Wing Chun Kung-Fu: This invigorating class will take you step-by-step through the basics of Wing Chun as you develop strength and confidence of body and mind. It doesn't matter what your current fitness level is — we'll help you bring it all together!
Wing Chun Kung-Fu: Study the style Bruce Lee practiced. Wing Chun is a comlete system of self-defence based on mobility, speed, economy of movement and accuracy rather than on brute strength. Internal meditation techniques are also an integral part of class (adults & youth).
Wudang Qigong & Meditation Practice: Chinese Taoist yogic postures, movements and meditational techniques from the Wudang tradition that enhance flexibility in the body and cultivate the intrinsic energies of the body and mind. Offered occassionally as a workshop, call if interested.
Our 15-week Autumn Session will begin the week of September 8th.
Annual LOTUS FESTIVAL
Friday, October 3rd, 5:00-9:00p.m.
Free demonstration classes September 5th and 6th (see below)
Register at one of the free demonstration classes or at your first class or mail in a registration form with tuition. Stay tuned to our Facebook page for updates and details.
Or send us your email address to be put on our email list: Click Here
Registration form
Tuition for 15-week session: $170 for one class per week or $270 for two classes per week. $10 family discount available.