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Juan Ignacio
MALE murderers
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FEMALE murderers
Lisa Ann
TDCJ #667321 on a five year sentence for possession with
intent to deliver a controlled substance from Tarrant County.
TDCJ #1002130 on a two year sentence for burglary of a
habitation from Tarrant County.
On July 26, 2004 in Tarrant County, authorities were called to
Coleman's residence where they found a nine year old black
male deceased. An autopsy of victim concluded that the child
was severely malnourished and underweight. Coleman and
co-defendant were found to have restrained the child over a
period of time depriving him of food.
Woman on Texas death row loses her appeal
December 10, 2009
HOUSTON - The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
has upheld the conviction of an Arlington woman sent to death row
for the starvation death of a 9-year-old boy who weighed 35
Jurors at Lisa Ann Coleman's 2006 trial heard
testimony that Coleman beat, bound, neglected and starved Davontae
Coleman shared an apartment with the boy's mother,
Marcella Williams, who is serving life in prison.
Woman Sentenced To Death For
Starving Child
June 22, 2006
FORT WORTH, Texas -- An
Arlington, Texas, woman was sentenced to death Wednesday for the
starvation death of a 9-year-old boy who prosecutors say weighed
35 pounds when he died.
A jury took less than an hour
Monday to convict Lisa Ann Coleman, 30, of capital murder for her
role in the 2004 death of Davontae Williams, her girl lover's son.
"The fact that a female has
gotten the death penalty for killing a child, it's a step forward
for bringing child abuse out of the darkness of people's homes and
into the light of day," prosecutor Mitch Poe said in a report on
the Fort Worth Star-Telegram's Web site on Wednesday.
Prosecutors have said Coleman,
who shared an apartment with the boy's mother, beat, bound,
neglected and starved Williams.
Coleman's attorney Fred Cummings
argued that Coleman had not meant to starve Williams and had given
him nutrition drinks.
To sentence Coleman to death,
the jury had to determine that she would be a future danger to
society. The jury also sentenced Coleman to 99 years in prison on
a charge of injury to a child.
The boy's mother, 25-year-old
Marcella Williams, awaits a separate capital murder trial.
In the Court of Criminal
Appeals of Texas
Lisa Ann Coleman, Appellant,
The State of Texas
On Direct Appeal From Cause No. 1016470R
In the 297th Judiacial District Court
Tarrant County
Per Curiam.
Price and Womack, JJ., concurred.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
On July 26,
2004, Marcella Williams, Coleman's lover, found her nine-year-old
son Davontae unconscious and called 911. While en route to
Williams's apartment, firefighter and paramedic Troy Brooks stated
that the dispatcher changed the call from "breathing difficulty"
to "full arrest." When he arrived, Davontae was lying on the
bathroom floor clad in a disposable diaper.
testified that Davontae appeared "emaciated" and looked as if he
was only three to five years old. Brooks immediately realized that
Davontae was dead; his body was already in full rigor mortis,
which usually occurs several hours after death. This "shock[ed]"
Brooks because Williams had told him that Davontae had just eaten
and thrown up and that Williams and Coleman had been washing him.
Brooks also noticed that Davontae had a few "dirty bandages" on
his arms. Vanessa Sheriff, a paramedic, testified that Williams
told her that she tried to feed Davontae Pediasure. Williams also
said that Davontae was breathing when she called 911. Sheriff
believed this statement "did not match with what [she saw] on the
bathroom floor." Both Brooks and Sheriff noticed that Davontae had
traces of yellow vomit or bile around his mouth and nose. Sheriff
believed that the appearance of vomit was consistent with the
liquid Pediasure.
Dr. Daniel
Konzelmann conducted the autopsy. Dr. Konzelmann determined that
Davontae's death was a homicide and that the direct cause of death
was malnutrition coupled with slight pneumonia. Davontae weighed
less than forty pounds at the time of his death. Dr. Konzelmann
determined that Davontae was malnourished because Davontae's body
lacked subcutaneous fat cells. He also cited the lack of fat cells
surrounding Davontae's heart as very unusual. Dr. Konzelmann also
explained how the external injuries to Davontae's body contributed
to his death:
I believe
that some of these injuries were infected and that it's possible
that this did relate to the pneumonia that he had. Also some of
these were evidence to me that he had been bound and that this
would have prevented him from either seeking care on his own or
getting food on his own.
will depress the immune system. That is, there are cells in the
body that are designed to recognize invaders and deal with them,
and that takes energy. As someone becomes more malnourished, their
system is less able to protect themselves.
Konzelmann noted evidence indicating that Davontae had been
continuously bound. Davontae had numerous linear marks on his
wrists. Some of the marks were scarred, indicating wounds that had
healed, and some of the marks were "giant sores[s]," indicating
that they were not healing. This demonstrated a pattern of
restraint. Davontae's ankles had similar markings. Davontae's ear
had a significant wound that was beginning to heal. His lower lip
had an ulceration and a tear that would make it hard for Davontae
to eat and drink. It appeared that Davontae had chicken-noodle
soup before he died but, according to Dr. Konzelmann, "it was
inadequate, too late, and possibly too much."
Dr. Nancy
Kellogg, a board-certified pediatrician and specialist in child
abuse, identified at least 250 distinct injuries to Davontae,
including cigarette or cigar burn wounds and numerous ligature
marks on his arms and legs. Kellogg described the starvation of a
child as "very rare" and "unusual." However, based on the ligature
marks, she concluded that Davontae was intentionally starved to
death. Davontae had been restrained from accessing food. Based on
a review of Davontae's medical records from December 2002, Dr.
Kellogg opined that Davontae had a "normal growth velocity" for a
child his age. This indicated that he did not suffer from a
disease that would stunt his growth. In the months before his
death, however, Davontae's weight spiked downward and he stopped
growing. The physical stress caused Davontae's hair growth to be
abnormal; he had hair growing in places where hair does not
normally grow. Such growth is typically seen in people who are
Jim Ford questioned Coleman while investigating Davontae's death.
Coleman told Detective Ford that she lived with Williams about
half of the time and with her son and mother the other half. She
used to beat Davontae with a belt but stopped in February or March
of 2004 because the beatings left welts. She stated that she and
Williams tied up Davontae on several occasions. Recalling the
night that Davontae died, Coleman stated that Williams woke her up
screaming. Williams attempted to administer CPR to Davontae, and
Coleman said that she put Davontae in a warm bath to revive him.
Coleman did not know how Davontae injured his arms and legs.
sister, Destinee, who was eight at the time, testified that
Coleman would tie Davontae up with an extension cord in the
bathroom. When Davontae was tied up, he "couldn't move around
much" and did "[n]othing."
Protective Service (CPS) Investigators Jennifer Deible and Edna
Campbell testified that Davontae was removed from Williams's home
and placed in foster care in 1999 because Coleman physically
abused him. Davontae was returned to Williams's custody about a
year later. After her arrest in this case, Coleman told the two
that she bruised Davontae by beating him with a belt in 2004. She
spoke to her mother about the incident, and her mother told her to
not to touch Davontae. She admitted that she tied up Davontae on
two occasions with clothing to keep him from hurting himself or
others. According to Campbell, Coleman said that Williams did not
want to take Davontae to the doctor because she was afraid that
the bruises and marks would prompt a doctor to call CPS. Coleman
admitted to Campbell that she had hit and pushed Davontae, causing
him to split his lip. She also told Campbell that Williams did not
want Davontae to go to school because Williams was afraid that he
would report the abuse and that school officials would call CPS.
Coleman stated that Davontae had been tied up regularly since June
and that the sore on his arm was caused by him fighting to be
released. The pantry door had a lock on the top of the door frame,
and investigators discovered a dry urine stain on the floor. But
Coleman denied locking Davontae in the pantry. Coleman also said
that Davontae had been sick for about a month before his death. He
did not eat very much when fed, and he would throw up. Coleman
stated that, in an attempt to help Davontae, she and Williams gave
him a variety of over-the-counter medicines.
Dr. Lesther
Winkler, a pathologist, testified for the defense. He stated that
Davontae died from aspiration pneumonia, which "is the result of
sucking food or particles of material which don't go into the
stomach properly through the esophagus and are sucked instead into
the trachea," which leads to the lungs. Dr. Winkler noted
aspirated material in Davontae's lung and that his right lung was
twice the size of his left because of the aspirated material. Dr.
Winkler disagreed with Dr. Konzelmann's determination that the
absence of fat around Davontae's heart was significant. In his
opinion, children rarely have fat around the heart. As for the
malnutrition, Dr. Winkler agreed that Davontae was malnourished;
there was no evidence that Davontae was unable to metabolize food.
Dr. Nizam
Peerwani, the Chief Medical Examiner with Tarrant County, also
examined Davontae's body during the autopsy. The State called him
to testify to rebut Dr. Winkler's testimony. He stated that a
normal person does not aspirate and die and that there was no
reason to suggest that Davontae aspirated given his medical
history. Viewing the "entire picture," Dr. Peerwani stated, "even
if he had aspirated, the pneumonia is not a very significant
component in this child's death. Perhaps the most dramatic
component is malnourishment . . . . He died because of
In her fourth point of error, Coleman contends that the evidence
is legally and factually insufficient to support the jury's
findings that she kidnapped Davontae. Because Coleman combines
more than one legal argument in a single ground, we could reject
her claims on the ground that nothing is presented for review.
Under Jackson v. Virginia, when deciding whether evidence
is legally sufficient to support a conviction, we assess all of
the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to
determine whether "any rational trier of fact could find
the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt."
Secreting or holding another person where the person is unlikely
to be found is part of the mens rea requirement of the
Coleman argues that the evidence shows only that she tied up
Davontae for a short time with clothing and therefore nothing
established that the restraint was capable of causing death or
serious bodily injury, or that she intended to cause death or
serious bodily injury. Additionally, Coleman argues that the
evidence presented indicates only that she may have restrained
Davontae for a short time in his own home, which is where one
would expect to find a child. Finally, Coleman argues that it is
apparent that Davontae's mother acquiesced in the restraint.
First, that Williams may have acquiesced in the restraint is of no
consequence. The record shows that Williams and Coleman acted in
concert. But Coleman restrained Davontae without his consent and
did so through the use of force and intimidation.
began first grade in 2002. Williams pulled him out of school in
mid-November, before the holidays. Before that, Davontae's
teacher, Jean Ann Stokes, noticed that Davontae had a difficult
time adapting to the classroom. He did not take non-verbal cues
from Stokes or his classmates. Stokes and the cafeteria staff
noticed that Davontae was always hungry. The cafeteria staff would
usually find extra food to give him. Stokes also noticed that
Davontae had some "markings" on his body that concerned her. She
and the school's counselor reported all of this to CPS. Davontae
spoke to a man from CPS on the phone, but Stokes could not hear
what he asked Davontae. In November, Stokes developed a plan for
Davontae to take part in an alternative program so he could learn
how school works. Before the plan could be implemented, Davontae
disappeared from school and never returned.
Coleman told
CPS investigators that Williams did not want Davontae to go to
school or to a doctor because she was afraid that Davontae would
report the abuse and someone would call CPS. Coleman did not defy
Williams, and the record indicates that the two acted in concert.
Destinee testified that Davontae was tied up in the bathroom.
Also, according Coleman's own statement, Davontae had been
restrained inside the home since June 2004. Further, a reasonable
jury could have inferred that the restraint began earlier.
Malnutrition, according to the State's experts, occurs over an
extended period of time.
Coleman told CPS investigators that anyone who inquired into
Davontae's whereabouts was informed that he was "with his mother's
people," even though Davontae was at home. Coleman's statement was
supported by testimony from Williams's sister. Latravier Williams
testified that Coleman and Williams came to her house with
Williams's daughters, and when she asked where Davontae was, both
Coleman and Williams told her that he was with another family
When the
evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, a
rational trier of fact could have found that Davontae was
kidnapped. Further, the evidence is not so weak that the jury's
determination is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. Nor is the
jury's determination that Davontae was kidnapped against the great
weight and preponderance of the evidence. Because the evidence of
kidnapping is both legally and factually sufficient, we overrule
Coleman's fourth point of error.
Cause of Death
argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to
show that she intentionally caused Davontae's death. While the
State and defense presented competing expert opinions about the
cause of Davontae's death, the jury could have inferred from the
evidence that Davontae's death was caused by malnutrition rather
than aspiration pneumonia. The jury was presented with evidence of
intentional starvation. Davontae had been healthy and growing in
1999, and his starvation was not based on metabolic factors. Dr.
Kellogg testified that there was no food matter in Davontae's
system beyond his stomach. This showed that he had not eaten
regularly. Dr. Kellogg and Dr. Peerwani concluded that Davontae
was malnourished and that an ordinary person looking at him could
tell that he desperately needed medical attention. Dr. Kellogg
testified that Davontae was restrained and kept from accessing
food for months and that he was intentionally starved.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, a
rational trier of fact could have found, beyond a reasonable
doubt, that Coleman intentionally caused Davontae's death through
Double Jeopardy
This claim is not properly before us on this appeal. Because the
remedy for any double jeopardy violation in this instance is to
set aside the injury-to-a-child conviction and sentence,
Admissibility of CPS Statements
The procedural safeguards of Miranda and Article 38.22
apply to custodial interrogation by law enforcement officers or
their agents.
State employment does not, by itself, make a person a state agent
for purposes of defining custodial interrogation.
(33) Different
types of state employees serve different roles.
(34) It is law
enforcement's job to ferret out crime, investigate its commission,
arrest the perpetrator, and gather evidence for a possible
(35) CPS workers
have a different duty--to protect the welfare and safety of
children in the community.
(36) Police
officers and CPS workers generally run on separate, yet parallel
While police
are collecting information for an arrest and criminal
investigation, CPS workers are investigating to find safe housing
and protection for abused or neglected children. When a
state-agency employee is working on a path parallel to, yet
separate from, the police, Miranda warnings are not
Courts must
examine the entire record to determine if the paths of CPS and the
police are parallel or if they have converged in a particular
Deible testified that she was a CPS investigator based in Fort
Worth. Deible first spoke with Coleman on July 27, 2004, to inform
Coleman that her son Dontrell had been taken into custody and to
obtain Coleman's signature on a notice of emergency removal. CPS
was tasked with placing Dontrell in an appropriate environment,
and Deible told Coleman that she would return later to speak with
her again.
On August 3,
2004, after receiving Williams's and Coleman's statements to
police, the crime-scene report, and photographs of the crime
scene, Deible spoke with Coleman while she was being held in the
county jail. CPS investigator Edna Campbell accompanied her.
Deible testified that, although the written narrative of the visit
did not indicate it, she provided Coleman the opportunity to
decline to speak with her. According to Deible, Coleman said that
she was expecting Deible to return. Deible testified that Coleman
still wanted to speak with her, though Coleman was aware that she
was entitled to have counsel present for the interview and that
she was not required to speak with CPS investigators.
At the time
of the interview, which lasted approximately two and a half hours,
Coleman's son and Williams's other children had already been
placed in state custody. Additionally, CPS investigators had
already conducted interviews with family members. However, Deible
explained that it was necessary to gather an updated social
history from Coleman, as well as to find out "who had knowledge of
what had been going on with Davontae" and done nothing to help the
Campbell testified that, at the time of Davontae's death, she was
an investigator for CPS in the Fort Worth area. Campbell testified
that the CPS investigators had determined that while Coleman had
legal custody of her son Dontrell, he lived with Coleman's mother
and that Coleman never stayed at her mother's home. Campbell
testified that, even though the investigators gave police a copy
of their report as a courtesy, the investigators did not discuss
strategy with the police and were never asked to question Coleman.
Campbell reiterated that although police reports were available to
the CPS investigators, they had an obligation to interview Coleman
as part of their own investigation.
When ruling
against Coleman on her suppression motion, the trial judge stated:
The Court
has heard the testimony and finds that the Defense has failed to
show that Ms. Deible and Ms. Campbell were agents for law
enforcement in this situation.
The court
finds that Ms. Deible and Ms. Campbell were carrying out their
statutory duties as case workers for Child Protective Services
when they went to the Tarrant County Jail to speak with the
Defendant, Ms. Coleman. Those duties concern the custody, safety
and placement of the children who had been taken by CPS in the
best interest of the children.
The Court
finds that the aims and goals and results sought by CPS were
different from law enforcement agents. The Court finds only
minimal contact between CPS workers and the police in this case,
and that the CPS workers, Deible and Campbell, went to speak with
the Defendant, Ms. Coleman, at the Tarrant County Jail independent
of police.
While CPS
workers had a copy of the statement given to police by Ms. Coleman
and a copy of the police reports, the Court finds that they were
not under the direction of the police.
It is clear
from the evidence that the CPS workers were not acting at the
direction of the police. There was no strategy discussed. The
police did not know when the workers were to talk to the
Defendant. The police did not arrange the meeting. The police did
not provide the questions to be asked. The police did not give
instructions to get certain information from the Defendant.
There is no
calculated practice between the police and the CPS workers to
invoke an incriminating response from the Defendant, and the
police were not using the CPS interview to accomplish what the
police did not already have lawfully accomplished themselves.
The CPS
investigators' reasons for the interview were different from the
police, their aim and goal concerning the children. The police
were concerned with gathering information and evidence for a
criminal prosecution. There are different goals involved. The
agencies were not working together or in tandem. The paths of the
investigation did not converge. In fact, they went in different
deference to the trial judge's credibility determinations, we
conclude that the evidence shows that Deible and Campbell were not
agents of law enforcement who were required to comply with
Miranda and Article 38.22. Their purpose was to determine if
Coleman's son Dontrell could be placed with family members rather
than in foster care. Because family placement was being
considered, CPS needed to determine whether Coleman's relatives
knew about Coleman's abuse of Davontae. Both Deible and Campbell
denied having a law-enforcement purpose or acting at the direction
of the police. And there is nothing to indicate that the police
used Deible and Campbell to gather evidence against Coleman. As a
result, we cannot say that the trial judge abused his discretion
in admitting Coleman's statements to CPS. Point of error nine is
In her tenth
point of error, Coleman complains that her constitutional rights
under the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments were violated when
Deible and Campbell were allowed to testify concerning evidence
obtained in violation of Article 700.507 of the Texas
Administrative Code and the CPS policy handbook. Article 700.507
requires that if a suspect in a child abuse case is in police
custody, the investigating CPS worker "must obtain authorization
from the investigating police officer before conducting the
interview to ensure that the alleged perpetrator's rights under
criminal law are protected."
During a
pretrial hearing, Deible testified that she notified Sergeant Mark
Simpson on July 27, 2004, that she would be going back to
interview Coleman. According to Deible, Simpson "said that would
be fine." Campbell also testified that Simpson had been informed
and did not tell the CPS investigators not to interview Coleman.
Coleman argues that Deible and Campbell failed to safeguard
Coleman's constitutional rights. Both investigators testified that
they followed normal procedures. Coleman provides no authority to
support her contention that the procedures followed by the CPS
investigators violated her constitutional rights. Point of error
ten is overruled.
In point of error five, Coleman complains that the trial judge
erred in instructing the jury that she could be convicted as a
party to the offense although she was indicted only as a
principal. Texas law does not require that an individual be
indicted as a party; if the evidence supports a charge on the law
of parties, the trial judge may include an instruction on the law
of parties despite the lack of such an allegation in the
In her
thirteenth point of error, Coleman alleges that the trial judge
erred by authorizing the jury to find her guilty of capital murder
as a party because the party-application paragraphs did not
require jurors to find that Coleman had done anything more than
assist Williams in the underlying kidnapping. The jury charge
contains three paragraphs authorizing Coleman's conviction as a
principal. After each of these paragraphs, the jury was authorized
to convict Coleman under the law of parties:
Or, if you
find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about
the 26th day of July, 2004, in Tarrant County, Texas, Marcella
Williams did then and there intentionally cause the death of an
individual, Davontae Williams by [manner and means varied by
application paragraph] and the said Marcella Williams was then and
there in the course of committing or attempting to commit the
offense of kidnapping and the Defendant, Lisa Ann Coleman, acting
with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense
encouraged, directed, aided or attempted to aid Marcella Williams
in the commission of said offense.
Though the paragraphs could have been written more clearly, they
are not erroneous. The application paragraphs create ambiguity
only when they are read in isolation. However, we do not review
charge complaints in this manner. "When we review a charge for
alleged error, we must examine the charge as a whole instead of a
series of isolated and unrelated statements."
The abstract
portion of the charge correctly defined capital murder as follows:
"A person commits the offense of capital murder if he commits
murder as defined above and he intentionally commits the murder in
the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of
kidnapping." This definition directed jurors to render a finding
on both requisite elements of capital murder--intentional murder
and the underlying offense of kidnapping. The preceding abstract
portion of the charge also correctly defined the law of parties,
and the definition applied only to the capital murder charge:
A person is criminally responsible as a party to an offense if the
offense is committed by his own conduct, by the conduct of another
for which he is criminally responsible, or both. A person is
criminally responsible for an offense committed by the conduct of
another if, acting with intent to promote or assist the commission
of the offense, he solicits, encourages, directs, aids, or
attempts to aid the other person to commit the offense.
The word
"offense" throughout this definition refers to capital murder. So
when the law -of-parties definition is read in conjunction with
the definition of capital murder, it is clear that a finding on
both murder and kidnapping was required.
With this in
mind, we turn to the party-application paragraphs. The phrase "the
offense" referred to the phrase "said offense" appearing at the
end of the paragraphs, and the phrase "said offense" referred to
capital murder--murder plus kidnapping. A reading of the charge in
its entirety resolved any potential ambiguity in the
party-instruction application paragraphs. We presume that the jury
followed the instructions in their entirety; therefore, we
conclude that the complained-of instructions were not erroneous.
Parole Instruction
In point of
error twelve, Coleman contends the trial judge violated her
due-process rights by refusing to give the requested "complete"
instruction on parole eligibility during the punishment phase.
Coleman argues that, because the instruction given may have
erroneously led the jury to believe she could be released before
serving a minimum of forty years, the jury was not adequately
instructed and her due process-rights were violated.
At trial,
Coleman sought to instruct the jury that:
[Coleman] becomes eligible for parole, the Board of Pardons and
Paroles may not authorize her release to parole unless every board
member receives a written report from the Department of Criminal
Justice on the probability that [Coleman] would commit an offense
after being released on parole, and at least two thirds of the
membership votes to release her to parole.
Her request
was denied, and the jury was instructed according to Article
37.071, Section 2(e)(2)(B):
You are
instructed that, under the law applicable in this case, if the
defendant is sentenced to imprisonment in the Institutional
Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life, the
defendant will become eligible for release on parole, but not
until the actual time served by the defendant equals 40 years,
without consideration of any good conduct time. It cannot
accurately be predicted how the parole laws might be applied to
this defendant if the defendant is sentenced to a term of
imprisonment for life because the application of those laws will
depend on decisions made by prison authorities, but eligibility
for parole does not guarantee that parole will be granted.
Future Dangerousness
CPS records
show that Coleman was involved with the Williams family as early
as 1995. In 1999, Coleman was the subject of a CPS abuse case
involving Davontae. Davontae was removed from the home at that
time because he was being abused by Coleman and his mother failed
to protect him from the abuse. Davontae was returned to the family
home only when Williams agreed not to let Coleman live in the home
and CPS caseworkers were certain that Coleman was not living in
the home. CPS records indicated, however, that at the time of
Davontae's death, Coleman lived in the home more than fifty
percent of the time and was considered by CPS as a care giver.
admitted to CPS investigators that she had pushed and hit
Davontae, causing him to fall and split his lip, but she insisted
that she had not beaten Davontae since February 2004. Coleman's
own mother had told Coleman to leave Davontae alone, and her
sister had advised her to get help for Davontae. Coleman also
admitted to tying up Davontae with clothing at least twice, but
insisted that it was for his own protection because he wandered at
night. Davontae's sister, Destinee, told the jury that Coleman
kept Davontae tied up in the bathroom and whipped him with
extension cords. Destinee also told the jury that Coleman beat her
and her sister with belts, clothes hangers, and extension cords as
Dr. Kellogg
identified 250 distinct injuries suffered by Davontae, including
cigar or cigarette burns and ligature marks on his arms and legs,
many of which were old enough to have formed scars. Dr. Konzelmann
testified about a significant injury to Davontae's lip that would
have, before it healed, made it difficult for him to eat and
nearly impossible to drink. Davontae also had a deformity to one
of his ears that was caused by long-term traumatic injury and
ligature scarring on his penis caused by attempts to prevent
Davontae from wetting his bed.
And as shown
above, there was ample evidence of intentional starvation.
Davontae had been healthy and growing in 1999; his starvation was
not based on metabolic factors. The presence of depleted fat cells
showed that he had received adequate nutrition at some time. Dr.
Kellogg testified that there was no food matter in Davontae's
system beyond his stomach, indicating that he had not eaten
regularly. The jury heard from Dr. Kellogg that Davontae's death
occurred over a number of months.
The jury
also heard from Carol Bowdry, Coleman's own expert, that
Davontae's injuries were torturous. Bowdry agreed on
cross-examination that Coleman systematically and chronically
abused Davontae. She testified that Davontae "went through agony."
Bowdry also testified that abusers such as Coleman "may intend for
the child to go through an awful lot of pain and suffering," but
are surprised when a child dies from the abuse. Coleman's second
expert, Dr. Mary Connell, testified on cross-examination that even
someone like Coleman who suffered abuse as a child would know that
the systematic abuse of Davontae was wrong.
The State
presented evidence of Coleman's prior felony convictions for
burglary of a habitation and possession of a controlled substance.
On cross-examination, defense expert Dr. Paula Lundberg-Love
admitted that Coleman had revealed to her a conviction for
unlawfully carrying a weapon when she was seventeen in 1993, an
arrest for evading arrest in 1995, and a parole violation in 1997
that resulted in her return to prison.
A rational
jury could determine from this evidence that, beyond a reasonable
doubt, there was a probability that appellant would commit
criminal acts of violence in the future so as to constitute a
continuing threat to society. Point of error fifteen is overruled.
Mitigation Special Issue
In point of error eleven, Coleman alleges that the mitigation
special issue was unconstitutionally vague and indefinite in
violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Texas Constitution
for failing to provide a definition of "mitigating evidence." In
point of error nineteen, Coleman alleges the trial judge deprived
her of her rights to due process and the protection against cruel
and unusual punishment by rejecting her request that the jury be
instructed on the definitions of "criminal acts of violence" and
"probability." We have previously held that a trial judge need not
define the terms used in the special issues because the jury is
presumed to understand them without instruction.
(54) Points of
error eleven and nineteen are overruled.
Constitutionality of Death-Penalty Scheme
In her fourteenth point of error, Coleman complains that the Texas
death-penalty scheme is unconstitutional because the State is not
required to prove the absence of sufficient mitigating
circumstances beyond a reasonable doubt. We have addressed and
rejected this and similar arguments in the past.
In point of error seventeen, Coleman complains that she was
deprived of due process under the Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth
Amendments because the State has unfettered discretion in seeking
the death penalty. We have previously addressed and rejected this
(56) Point of
error seventeen is overruled.
In point of error eighteen, Coleman complains that she was
deprived of her rights to due process and the protection against
cruel and unusual punishment because the jury was instructed that
at least ten "no" votes were required to return a negative answer
to the mitigation special issue. Coleman also complains that
jurors were not instructed regarding the consequences of their
deliberations. We have previously addressed these issues and find
no reason to do so again. Point of error eighteen is overruled.
Execution Protocol
In point of error twenty-one, Coleman alleges that the use of
pancuronium bromide in the chemical mixture used to execute
prisoners in Texas violates the prohibition against cruel and
unusual punishment. Coleman's execution is not imminent. The
method by which the lethal injection is currently administered is
not determinative of the way it will be administered at the time
of her execution.
Based on the
foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the trial court as to Count
One. We also dismiss Coleman's claims challenging her conviction
under Count Two.
December 9, 2009
1. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
2. Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
Ann. art. 37.071 § 2(g).
3. Id. at § 2(h).
4. See Callins v. State,
726 S.W.2d 555, 558 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (holding that appeals
of non-capital convictions, even when obtained in the same trial
as a murder conviction in which the death penalty was assessed,
are properly reviewed by the intermediate court of appeals on
direct appeal).
5. See Callins, 726
S.W.2d at 558.
6. Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(e),
(emphasis in original).
8. Watson v. State,
204 S.W.3d 404, 414-15, 417 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
9. Lancon v. State,
253 S.W.3d 699, 705 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).
10. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
11. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
12. Brimage v. State,
918 S.W.2d 466, 475-76 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).
13. Id. at 476.
14. Id.
15. Id. at 475.
16. Id. at 476.
17. Id.
18. Id. at 475.
19. See Turner v. State,
600 S.W.2d 927, 929 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).
20. See Tex. Penal
Code Ann. § 20.01(1)(B)(i).
21. See Tex. Penal
Code Ann. § 20.01(1)(A).
22. Fann v. State,
696 S.W.2d 575, 576 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986); Laster v. State,
275 S.W.3d 512, 522 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009).
23. Laster, 275
S.W.3d at 521 ("Secreting or holding another where he or she is
unlikely to be found is part of the mens rea requirement
of the offense--not the actus reus.") (citing Brimage
v. State, 918 S.W.2d 466, 476 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994)).
24. See id. at
25. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
26. Russeau v. State,
171 S.W.3d 871, 885-86 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Rayford v.
State, 125 S.W.3d 521, 533 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).
27. U.S. Const. amend. V;
Tex. Const. art. I, § 14.
28. Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
Ann. art. 37.09(1).
29. Bigon v. State,
252 S.W.3d 360, 373 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).
30. See Callins,
726 S.W.2d at 558.
32. Wilkerson v. State,
173 S.W.3d 521, 527 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
33. Id. at 528.
34. Id.
35. Id.
36. Id.
37. Id. at 529.
38. Id.
39. Id. at 530.
40. Id.
41. Id. at 531.
42. Marable v. State,
85 S.W.3d 287, 287-88 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
43. Dinkins v. State,
894 S.W.2d 330, 340 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995) (citing Holley v.
State, 766 S.W.2d 254, 256-57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989);
Inman v. State, 650 S.W.2d 417, 419 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983)).
44. See Dinkins,
894 S.W.2d at 339-40 (held that the application paragraph that
failed to allege the culpable mental state for the second murder
was not erroneous because the abstract portion of the charge
defined murder, which included the culpable mental state).
45. Tex. Penal Code. Ann. §
46. Feldman v. State,
71 S.W.3d 738, 757 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); Wright v. State,
28 S.W.3d 526, 537 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000); see also Hankins v.
State, 132 S.W.3d 380, 384 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
47. Hankins, 132
S.W.3d at 385.
48. Id.
49. Id.
50. Id.
51. Wardrip v. State,
56 S.W.3d 588, 594 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); see also
Keeton v. State, 724 S.W.2d 58, 61 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987).
52. Ladd v. State,
3 S.W.3d 547, 557-58 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).
53. Green v. State,
934 S.W.2d 92, 106-07 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Colella v. State,
915 S.W.2d 834, 895 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995).
54. Blue v. State,
125 S.W.3d 491, 504-05 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); Martinez v.
State, 924 S.W.2d 693, 698 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Garcia
v. State, 887 S.W.2d 846, 859 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994);
Earhart v. State, 877 S.W.2d 759, 767 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1994).
55. Perry v. State,
158 S.W.3d 438, 446-48 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Blue, 125
S.W.3d at 500-01.
56. Perry, 158
S.W.3d at 446-47; Blue, 125 S.W.3d at 500-01.
57. Prystash v. State,
3 S.W.3d 522, 536 (1999); McFarland v. State, 928 S.W.2d
482, 519 (1996); Lawton v. State, 913 S.W.2d 542, 558-59
58. Robison v. State,
888 S.W.2d 473, 481 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); see also Rayford
v. State, 125 S.W.3d 521, 533 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003);
Kemp v. State, 846 S.W.2d 289, 308-09 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).
59. Gallo v. State,
239 S.W.3d 757, 780 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
60. Id.
Lisa Ann Coleman


text:
Share your comments
The Unidentified
Mariz, Rae
Teen Fiction MARIZ
Mariz, Rae
Teen Fiction MARIZ
Summary: In a futuristic alternative school set in a shopping mall where video game-playing students are observed and used by corporate sponsors for market research, Katey "Kid" Dade struggles to figure out where she fits in and whether she even wants to.
Question about returns, requests or other account details?
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|Submission Guidelines

subset: commoncrawl


text:
iPhone - iPod
The Sims: FreePlay Answers for iPhone - iPodHome / iPhone - iPod /
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your The Sims: FreePlay question for iPhone - iPod and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
- Developer: Electronic Arts
- Publisher: Electronic Arts
- Genre: Miscellaneous Virtual Life
- Release Date: Dec 13, 2011
- ESRB: Not Set
Question & Answers
Answer from: Doodythecat
You need to buy 4 computers to get them to play at the same time!
Answer this QuestionAll Questions Ask a Question
Unanswered Questions
Love is in the air - call a friend
From: Seagull
From: Seagull
Total 0 Answers
Posted on: 10-02-2014
Posted on: 10-02-2014
How to get the children's store?
From: Em
From: Em
Total 0 Answers
Posted on: 10-02-2014
Posted on: 10-02-2014
Barkshire Pet Park
From: Omgpaegnhiks
From: Omgpaegnhiks
Total 0 Answers
Posted on: 09-21-2014
Posted on: 09-21-2014
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text:
All About Anna
Published on Wednesday, December 19, 2012 - 4:02pm
The willful, passionate, and ultimately unwise Anna Karenina makes no apologies to anyone. Nevertheless, whether on the page or on the screen, Leo Tolstoy's tragic heroine continues to capture hearts. Luckily, there are at least as many great book covers as there are film versions of this classic tale of love and infidelity.
Want more? Visit your favorite library and check out these timeless stories of love, lust, courage, obsession, and human frailty that have been captivating readers and filmmakers for many lifetimes:
The Age of Innocence, by Edith Wharton
The Awakening, by Kate Chopin
Billy Budd, by Herman Melville
Daisy Miller, by Henry James
Dangerous Liaisons, by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
The Duke's Children, by Anthony Trollope
Emma, by Jane Austen
Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton
Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens
The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte
Lucy Gayheart, by Willla Cather
Of Human Bondage, by Somerset Maugham
Portrait of a Lady, by Henry James
Rebecca, by Daphne Du Maurier
Room with a View, by E.M. Forster
Sense and Sensibility, by Jane Austen
So Big, by Edna Ferber
A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens
Tess of the D'Urbervilles, by Thomas Hardy
Tom Jones, by Henry Fielding
Vanity Fair, by William Makepeace Thackeray
Roman Fever, by Edith Wharton
The Wings of the Dove, by Henry James
Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte


text:
Peter Michaels 2011 Chardonnay Belle-Cote stands out for its big, broad-shouldered frame. Orange blossoms, honey, wild flowers, mint and sage all take shape in the glass. A decidedly savory Chardonnay, the 2011 impresses for its complexity. Intensely aromatic notes reappear on the finish. In 2011, there is no Cuvee Indigene; all the best barrels went into the Belle-Cote. A fascinating, complex wine, the 2011 will be a lot of fun to follow over the coming years. Anticipated maturity: 2014-2021.
(4/ 2013)
Bright, green-tinged yellow. A wild, intense bouquet displays scents of candied lemon, pear, jasmine and iodine, with a strong saline component and a hint of anise. Smoky, penetrating and deeply concentrated orchard and citrus fruit flavors show impressive energy and pick up a smoky quality with air. Rich but animated chardonnay that finishes with outstanding clarity and persistence.
(6/ 2013)
Below is a listing of the wine review scores we frequently reference in our notes. While these sources remain an excellent source of information, we always recommend that you trust your own palate. Scores in these publications often represent the personal taste of an individual critic, which may not always coincide with your own. We have a huge team of excellent wine professionals that can match wines you've had in the past with new arrivals that meet your flavor profile.
The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main
2013 Kalinda Napa Valley Chardonnay
2013 Rombauer Carneros Chardonnay
2012 Butternut Chardonnay
2012 Spellbound California Chardonnay
2013 Jam Cellars "Butter" Chardonnay


text:
James A. Reed Road is near the Blue Ridge Branch. My husband and I like going to the James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area so my husband can take photographs. As we roamed around the area the other day, I started to wonder, "Who is James A. Reed?"
As it turns out, James A. Reed was born in Ohio in 1861 and moved to Kansas City in 1887 where he made a name for himself as a lawyer and local politician. After finding out more about him, I can understand why his name is on so many things around town.
Read more
© 1995-2014 Mid-Continent Public Library. All rights reserved.


text:
- Funding Received
- $95 Million in 5 Rounds from 5 Investors
- Most Recent Funding
- $3 Million Venture on May 14, 2014
- Headquarters:
- New York, NY
- Description:
- Shazam Entertainment, a media engagement company, offers an app that connects people to the music, TV shows and ads they love.
- Founders:
- Dhiraj Mukherjee, Chris Barton, Philip Inghelbrecht, Avery Wang
- Categories:
- Android, iOS, Ediscovery, iPhone, Music, Games
- Website:
- http://www.shazam.com
Company DetailsUpdate
Shazam connects more than 400 million people in over 200 countries and 30 languages, to the music, TV shows and brands they love. Every month another ten million people embrace Shazam. All this makes us the world's leading media engagement company. Shazam is an amazing app available on all major app stores and platforms. In fact it's one of the most downloaded iPhone apps of all time.
While the Shazam App will continue to be the best way to discover, explore, buy, and share music, people can also now use it with television to enhance the viewing experience on the "second screen" – the mobile device. When people use Shazam with shows and ads, they can access more information and special offers on their favorite products.
Shazam brings together people and entertainment, generating more than ten million tags every day. Plus, through leading social netenrk sites like Facebook, Google+ and Twitter, it's easy to share your Shazam discoveries with friends.
Our work with music labels, TV program producers, and broadcasters – and every major platform and carrier worldwide – has earned us industry recognition and awards. The Shazam for TV service and Shazam-enabled campaigns were honored with Social Television Award for "Best Branded Social TV", The Queen's Award for Enterprise and the Ad Age Vanguard Media Award for Broadcast-to-Digital/Best Social TV Mobile Engagement Innovation.
With global headquarters in London and New York, Shazam also has offices in Menlo Park, Los Angeles, Chicago and Seoul.
Shazam is backed from a number of prestigious firms including Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Institutional Venture Partners, DN Capital, and Acacia Capital Partners.
The Shazam name and symbol are trademarks of Shazam Entertainment Limited.
Current Team (12)Update
Rich Riley
Daniel Danker
Chief Product Officer
Andrew Fisher
Executive Chairman
Brent Hoberman
Non-Executive Board Director
Bridget Kerle
General Counsel
Keith Lovell
Chris Barton
Cofounder & CEO @ Shazam Entertainment
Beatrice Farina
Team Member @ Shazam Entertainment
Anil Hansjee
Chief Investment Officer @ MTGx
Jane Henry
Head of Marketing @ Inmarsat
Funding Rounds (5) - $95MUpdate
$3M / Venture
May 14, 2014Investors:
$20M / Undisclosed
Mar 7, 2014
$40M / Undisclosed
Jul 7, 2013Investors:
$32M / Undisclosed
Jun 22, 2011
undisclosed amount / Undisclosed
Oct 1, 2009Investors:
Board Members and Advisors (3)Update
John Sykes
Board Member
Matt Murphy
Board Member
Dennis Phelps
Board Observer
Investors (5)Update
Sony Music Entertainment
Sony Music is a United States music corporation owned and operated by Sony Corporation of...
América Móvil
wireless company
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers
Venture Capital Firm
Institutional Venture Partners (IVP)
Later-stage venture capital firm
DN Capital
DN Capital is a Pan-European early-stage venture capital firm. They typically invest €1-10...
Offices/Locations (3)Update
Shazam Entertainment Ltd
26-28 Hammersmith Grove
London, W6 7HA
Shazam - Palo Alto
165 University Avenue
Suite #6
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Shazam - New York
230 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10169
Competitors (1)Update
SoundHound Inc. is an innovator in sound recognition and search technologies.
Customers (1)Update
Ouyeaa is a web-search platform for booking leisure activities and bachelor parties.
FinSMEs | Shazam Raises $20Mfinsmes.com
Shazam Entertainment raises 0 in unknown roundbusinessinsider.com
Shazam Debuts A Mac App That Listens From Your Menu Bar | TechCrunch07/31/14 -techcrunch.com
Shazam Pulls The Plug On UK Spotify Users | TechCrunch05/19/14 -techcrunch.com
Shazam Pulls In $40M From America Movil To Take On Latin America07/07/13 -techcrunch.com


text:
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The CSU-UTC electronic newsletter shares upcoming events, research successes, outreach activities, and changes at the Center. The triannual publication is intended for industry partners, academic colleagues, professional societies, K-12 educators, and students. All readers are welcome to contact the Center with specific questions. Submission ideas - relevant to the Center's mission - are always welcome as well.
Campus Location
Stilwell Hall Room 107
1980 East 24th Street
Dr. Stephen Duffy, Director
Phone: 216.687.3874
Fax: 216.687.5395
Nigamanth Sridhar Ph.D.
Associate Director, Research
(216) 687-5341
Debbie Jackson Ed.D.
Associate Director, Education & Training
(216) 687-3753


text:
The Rage Against God: Peter Hitchen's Conversion to Christianity
Straight Thinking #73: The Rage Against God: Peter Hitchen's Conversion to Christianity more
Science and Religion: Stephen Hawking's Thoughts on God
Straight Thinking #71: Science and Religion: Stephen Hawking's Thoughts on God more
Antony Flew: Learning from the Former Atheist Philosopher
Straight Thinking #65: Antony Flew: Learning from the Former Atheist Philosopher more
More Deaths in the Name of God or No Gods?
Great evil has been done in the name of Christ. This charge, a frequent objection to historic Christianity raised especially by the new atheist authors,1 typifies discussions of such historical events … more
Sustaining the universe, why diss the mazzaroth?, Close Encounters of the Egyptian Kind, Ross vs. Hitchens?
How does God sustain the universe?, why diss the mazzaroth?, pyramids on Mars, debating Christopher Hitchens more
Response to Michael Shermer, Part 3 (of 3)
This is the third and final part of the response to Michael Shermer's "God-of-the-gaps" argument1 against Christianity, as presented at a meeting of Reasons To Believe Orange County Chapter in … more
Response to Michael Shermer, Part 2 (of 3)
This article continues my response to Michael Shermer's "God-of-the-gaps" argument against Christianity, which he presented to the Reasons To Believe Orange County Chapter in November 2008.
Shermer … more
Boom, Why evil?, Monsters, and Let's go out!
Big Bang and the 4th Creation Day; Why would God fine-tune the universe and yet allow cancer?; BVG Theorem; Dating and Helium Depletion; The flying spaghetti monster. more
Response to Michael Shermer, Part 1 (of 3)
On November 15, 2008, Michael Shermer, PhD, president of the Skeptics Society, presented arguments against Christianity at a Reasons To Believe Orange County Chapter meeting. This series of articles … more
What about the new atheists?
Episode 14 of the More Than a Theory Podcast more
Dawkins' Book Alongside Bible in Hotels?
You've retreated into the solitude of your hotel room after a tiring day of travel and business. More pensive than usual on this occasion, the weightier matters of life come to mind. Instead of … more
Life Without God
I just finished reading a book that has been on my shelf for some time. It is William Lane Craig's apologetic for the Christian faith entitled Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics … more
Evolution as Mythology, Part 5 (of 5): Conclusion
The four previous articles in this series have shown that the theory of evolution is more like a creation myth than a scientific theory. A myth may be true or false, but its principle characteristic … more
Does Faith Support or Hinder Reason?
In the April 2008 issue of Nature, an essay by Philip Ball explains how, in his view, modern science began "in the twelfth century…several hundred years earlier than we have … more
Evolution as Mythology, Part 4 (of 5): The Myth of Macroevolution
The last article discussed the mythlike characteristics of abiogenesis, a key component of the theory of evolution, that says living organisms appeared spontaneously from nonliving matter. This … more
Evolution as Mythology, Part 3 (of 5): The Myth of Abiogenesis
The last two articles have discussed how the theory of evolution has characteristics of a myth (which cannot be proven or disproven by the technology of the culture), and lacks characteristics of a … more
Evolution as Mythology, Part 2 (of 5): Evolution is not a Scientific Theory
A previous article noted how the theory of evolution evinces characteristics of a myth. This article will consider how it measures up to the definition of "science."
Differentiating a … more
Evolution as Mythology, Part 1 (of 5): The Theory of Evolution is a Myth
Editor's note: Today we present an article by guest scholars
The creation-evolution debate is usually framed as science v. religion: verifiable fact v. faith. But we contend that it takes at … more
Is Faith in God Merely Wishful Thinking?
In his book The Future of an Illusion (1927) Freud developed the theory that human beings face a frightening world full of natural calamities and, ultimately, the terrifying fear of death … more
The "New Atheism" Phenomenon, Part 3 (of 3)
The first two installments of this series addressed three reasons for the phenomenon known as the "new atheism." This fresh breed of atheism distinguishes itself from its predecessors by … more


text:
02-11-2012 10:13 PM - last edited on 02-12-2012 06:09 AM by OrnahP
I have been using Trend Micro Internet Security for almost 10 years and I have never seen a contiuous Web Threat like this before. In Trend Micro Titanium Internet Security 2012, it is blocking a continuous increasing count of Web Threats from a website. The website is showing up as:
I exported the log report and used Excel to count the number of threats in 1 minute. It varies, but I was seeing 370 to 380 entries per minute!
The details of the log include:
Rating: Dangerous Page (49)
Response: Blocked
Detected By: Web Reputation
Of course I did a scan and TM didn't find anything. I ran ComboFix and the Web Threat is still counting. It allocates so fast, it's like a ticker counter.
Has anyone ever seen this before?
Thank you.
Solved! Go to Solution.
i have the same exact problem with the same website, and cant stop this from happening
It looks like I found the trojans that were causing it. I downloaded the free version of Malwarebytes Anti-Malware and did a quick scan. It found 2 trojan agents and several other suspect folders and files:
Memory Processes Detected: 1
C:\Windows\svchost.exe (Trojan.Agent) -> 3904 -> Delete on reboot.
Files Detected:
C:\Windows\svchost.exe (Trojan.Agent) -> Delete on reboot.
The other folders and files that it detected and removed were related to PUP.PlaySushi, which I have no idea what it is.
After cleaning the files, Trend Micro is no longer continuously blocking the Web Threat.
Hopefully this will benefit others who may run into this trojan.
02-12-2012 05:24 PM - last edited on 02-12-2012 06:10 PM by OrnahP
i found 2 trojans as well when i ran the malwarebytes scan, but once i restarted the computer, I still received these constant web threats from x-web.in
Yes, after re-starting the computer and waiting for a short period, the Web Threat does resume. Hmmm. I wonder if it's an actual trojan or if Trend Micro is incorrectly reporting it as a Web Threat?
The problem still persists...
Welcome aboard!
Please follow the below instructions to resolve your issues...
Download ComboFix from the any of the locations given in this website:
I attached the Combo Fix log report. I don't know how attachments work on this forum.
02-13-2012 08:57 PM - edited 02-13-2012 08:59 PM
how is your computer running now?
Please download Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware from Here
Double Click mbam-setup.exe to install the application.
If MBAM encounters a file that is difficult to remove,you will be presented with 1 of 2 prompts,click OK to either and let MBAM proceed with the disinfection process,if asked to restart the computer,please do so immediately.
The computer has been running fine all of this time. However, Trend Micro is just continuously blocking the same Web Threat. I don't know if it's a trojan that is on my computer or if it's just an outside threat that is trying to get into my computer.
The Malwarebytes program found the same 2 files as before (svchost.exe), however, upon reboot nothing has changed. TM is still blocking the Web Threat. Anyway, here is the Malwarebytes log:
Malwarebytes Anti-Malware 184.108.40.2060
Database version: v2012.02.13.01
Windows 7 Service Pack 1 x64 NTFS (Safe Mode)
Internet Explorer 9.0.8112.16421
mbam-log-2012-02-14 (17-39-42).txt
Scan type: Quick scan
Scan options enabled: Memory | Startup | Registry | File System | Heuristics/Extra | Heuristics/Shuriken | PUP | PUM Scan options disabled: P2P
Objects scanned: 211032
Time elapsed: 7 minute(s), 29 second(s)
Memory Processes Detected: 1 C:\Windows\svchost.exe (Trojan.Agent) -> 956 -> Delete on reboot.
Memory Modules Detected: 0
(No malicious items detected)
Registry Keys Detected: 0
(No malicious items detected)
Registry Values Detected: 0
(No malicious items detected)
Registry Data Items Detected: 0
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Folders Detected: 0
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Files Detected: 1 C:\Windows\svchost.exe (Trojan.Agent) -> Delete on reboot.
Then that needs investigation...
Download aswmbr.exe ( 1.8mb ) to your desktop.
Double click the aswMBR.exe to run it Click the "Scan" button to start scan.
Click the [Scan] button to start scan
On completion of the scan click [Save log], save it to your desktop and post in your next reply.


text:
Why Coach, Limited, TJX caught Sterne Agee's eye
The brokerage firm initiated coverage on a bevy of retail stocks today, seeing strength and growth prospects as catalysts.
On Monday, brokerage firm Sterne Agee initiated coverage on a number of specialty retailers, citing strong growth prospects and longer-term fundamentals that are under-appreciated or misunderstood.
Among those retailers that Sterne Agee initiated with Buy ratings were Coach (COH), Limited Brands (LTD) and TJX Companies (TJX). Here is a peek at what analysts expect from these three stocks and how their share prices have fared.
Sterne Agee also initiated Sally Beauty (SBH) and Ulta Salon Cosmetics & Fragrance (ULTA) with Buy ratings, as well as Michael Kors (KORS) and Tiffany (TIF) with Neutral ratings.
This New York City-based designer of handbags and other accessories has a market capitalization of more than $13 billion. Its dividend yield is near 2.5%, and the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is less than the industry average. The long-term earnings per share (EPS) growth forecast is more than 13%. The return on equity is about 53% and the return on investment is more than 43%.
The number of Coach shares sold short as of the February 15 settlement date represents more than four percent of the total float, after rising about 17% from the previous period.
Of the 33 analysts who follow the stock and were polled by Thomson/First Call, 18 recommend buying the shares, while only two of them rate the stock at Underperform. The analysts feel the stock has some room to run as their price target represents more than 20% potential upside over the current share price. But note that the target is well less than the 52-week high.
Also note that the share price has declined more than 12% since the beginning of the year, and reached a 52-week low last week. Shares are trading more than 36% below where they were a year ago. The stock has underperformed the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 over the past six months.
Limited Brands
This purveyor of women's personal care products and accessories is headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, and it sports a market cap or more than $12 billion. Its long-term EPS growth forecast is about 11% and the P/E ratio is higher than the industry average. But the operating margin is greater than the industry average. The dividend yield is near 2.7%.
The short interest was more than three percent of the float at mid-February. That was the lowest number of shares sold short since November. The days to cover fell from the previous period to less than two.
Half of the 24 analysts surveyed recommend buying shares, and that has been the consensus recommendation for the past three months. Their mean price target, or where analysts expect the share price to go, is more than 11% higher than the current share price. But that would be less than the 52-week high reached in November.
The share price is down about five percent year-to-date, and it is also down marginally from a year ago. Over the past six months, the stock has underperformed competitors such as Gap (GPS), as well as the broader markets.
TJX Companies
This $33+ billion market cap company operates more than 2,200 off-price apparel and domestics stores. Its dividend yield is about one percent. The return on equity is more than 55% and the operating margin is greater than the industry average. The P/E ratio is less than the industry average, and the long-term EPS growth forecast is about 12%.
The short interest in TJX Companies has risen about 25% since mid-January, but the number of shares sold short is only about one percent of the total float.
Sixteen of the 26 analysts surveyed recommend buying shares, and none recommends selling. Their consensus price target is less than nine percent higher than the current share price. That target would be a new multi-year high.
The share price is about four percent higher year to date, but more than 20% higher than a year ago. This stock has outperformed competitors Kohl's (KSS) and Ross Stores (ROST), as well as the broader markets, over the past six months.
More from Benzinga:
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Contributors include professional investors and journalists affiliated with MSN Money.
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text: Joanna N. Lahey received her PhD in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her bachelor's degree in mathematics and economics from Pomona College in Claremont, California. Dr. Lahey has expertise in age discrimination and the relationship between age and labor market outcomes. Her academic publications include, "Age, Women, and Hiring: An Experimental Study," "Age Protection Laws and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act," and "Labor Market Effects of Public Health Insurance: Evidence from a US Department of Veterans Affairs Expansion" (with Melissa A. Boyle). She is the recipient of the 2006 W. E. Upjohn Dissertation award for best dissertation on an employment related issue and is a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Dr. Lahey's work has appeared on American Public Radio's Marketplace and in USA Today, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and other media outlets, and as policy briefs for the Boston College Center for Retirement Research and the Boston College Center for Aging and Work.


text:
Weekend Hashtag Project: #WHPhowicook
Weekend Hashtag Project is a series featuring designated themes & hashtags chosen by Instagram's Community Team. For a chance to be featured on the Instagram blog, follow @instagram and look for a photo announcing the weekend's project every Friday.
The goal this weekend is to capture a video with multiple clips showing how you make your favorite recipe. Some tips to get you started: You want your video to be both instructional and beautiful, so pay attention to how you arrange your ingredients and keep your workspace clean and neat. When recording your video, you can either take each clip with the Instagram camera as you go or record a lot of footage and import your clips at the end. It can be difficult to take video while you're in the middle of cooking or baking, so consider inviting a friend along to help you film. Remember, you have 15 seconds to show off your cooking skills, so choose a dish that you can capture easily in a few steps and have fun!
PROJECT RULES: Please only add the #WHPhowicook hashtag to videos taken over this weekend and only submit your own videos to the project. Any video taken then tagged over the weekend is eligible to be featured right here Monday morning!


text:
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text:
Lipizzanergestüt Piber - worth visiting all year round!
Visit the world famous Lipizzaner Stud in Piber, where Imperial baroque horses are bred for the Spanish horse riding school - an experience for the whole family!
We offer daily guided tours in German:
Times: 10:00, 11:00, 13:00, 14:00, 15:00 and 16:00 hrs
We also offer Audio Guides in English, Italian, French, Slovenian, Hungarian and German.
Tickets and meeting point - ticket office
The main aim of the federal stud of Piber is to breed the world famous lipizzan stallions which perform in the Spanish riding school in Vienna. On the guided tour you will get to know all about the history of these imperial baroque horses. We also offer carriage rides, tournaments or tours on the alpine pastures to admire the young stallions.
For further information concerning bookings please phone +43 (0)3144 3323 or contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
We are looking forward to a successful summer season and warmly welcome all visitors to Piber.
To download our flyer please click here!
Autumn parade & Lipizzanerkulinarium - 20th September
At the Autumn Parade on the 20th September you may experience a repertoire of the world-famous baroque horses.
Between 9:00 and 12:00 hrs you have the opportunity to join a guided tour through the stud (in German, Audio Guides available) and afterwards relax in the marquee next to the arena where we offer a three course luncheon for which you have to make a reservation.
This year we will celebrate our 4th Lipizzaner culinary in the imperial ambience of the Castle of Piber, where fine styrian cuisine and selected wines will be served by famous handpicked chefs and winegrowers.
Friends of the federal stud of Piber
Unbelievable but true, the world famous Lipizzaner count as one of the endangered species on the listing of domesticated horse breeds.
Also you can make an active contribution towards preserving Europe's oldest cultural bred horse.
With an annual fee of € 50,- you can become a member of this exclusive association and will be kept up to date with all the latest news in Piber.
For further information about a membership please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com or download our membership form.
Information and reservation
For more information and reservations please contact us under the phone number
0043 3144 3323-100 or under firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
So, the first of the year is only a few days away. You probably have BIG plans for your website and business this year. You may plan on devoting more time and money to promoting your business online this year. You probably have some high online marketing goals that you are setting now, like search engine ranking goals. If you do, what do you REALLY know about where you want to be?
You probably have a list of keywords that you want to rank "first page" for. Have you done some searches to see who is there? There are several things you will want to look for:
- Are the results relevant to your business?
- Who is currently there?
- What are your competitor stats?
You know your business. You may think you know what terms are good to rank for, you may even be right. But a good practice is to actually do the searches and see who is there. Just because you associate certain terms with your business, the general public may not. You could be surprised when you do some searches and see that some of the keywords you thought were money could potentially put you in bad company. Just be sure to check and ensure that the keywords you target are relevant to your business.
Competitor Analysis
It's VERY important to know who is there and why. There is only so much real estate on the first page of any search engine results page. Below are some important things to look for:
- How old are the domains currently on page 1?
- How many inbound links do they have?
- How many pages indexed do they have?
- How are they setting-up their pages?
- How is their domain structured?
These are the basics that you will want to analyze. This will help you determine what you may need to do in order to achieve the online results of your competitors. RhinoSEO makes it quick and easy to check these competitor analysis stats. You can take this data and set certain benchmarks that may need to be met in order to knock off a competitor and take their place on the coveted first page.
There is only so much space on the first page of the search engine results pages. It's important to know who is there and what it may take for you to get there. Research and competitor analysis is the perfect place to begin any successful online marketing campaign.


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text:
Yay for Yukari Sweeney at 100% Design
Set in the lofty heights of Earl's Court exhibition centre, 100% Design can come across as a bit clinical. But this year, while we ventured deep into the white noise of the grand hall, one particular designer called Yukari Sweeney really stood out for her warmth and characterful charm.
Just take a look at her beautiful Wish You Were Here wallpaper panels above, inspired by Japanese micro homes. Before moving to London and setting up her design business in 2007, Yukari worked in the fashion industry in Japan and it's still relevant in her work today. "Being involved with the fashion industry has left me with a real understanding of the importance detail can make to a finished piece," she says. "When I'm designing my products, I try to evoke a real sense of closeness between the individual and their home environment.' She trained with god of stripes Paul Smith and acclaimed print-duo Eley Kishimoto, which explains a thing or two about her confident and cool style…
Wild West Toile wallpaper, Yukari Sweeney at 100% Design.
Tulip tulip frost wallpaper design (above).
Furoshiki Rain 300 design (above)
This Wish You Were Here furoshiki print (above) is designed to 'evoke the fun of discovering new places on holiday, whether it be famous landmarks, pretty beaches and road or boutiques, cafes and shops'. Yukari has brought the concept of furoshiki to her company. It's a type of Japanese wrapping cloth – an alternative to the eco bags that you use to transport your shopping – clever and charming.
For beautiful furniture, accessories and daily design ideas for your home and lifestyle,
shop at ACHICA.
Emily Peck, Editor
View all posts by Emily Peck, Editor


text:
Andrew Zimmern: Alternative Protein
F&W contributing editor Andrew Zimmern chronicles his experiences with alternative proteins from armadillo to giant worms.
Armadillo Stew
"The local delicacy in Juchitan, Mexico, is armadillo stew. It's a special treat, and a bear to prepare. First, you have to get through the animal's tough shell. Next, you have to tenderize the very muscular meat. Cooks smother the armadillo in a marinade and cook it in the oven for a few hours. Delicious and worth the hassle."


text:
A person with diabetes must take many things into consideration in order to properly manage his or her condition. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Treatment of Diabetes
Glucose Monitoring
Oral Medications
Insulin Replacement Therapy
Meal Planning
Alcohol Use and People with Diabetes
Sodium and People with Diabetes
Healthy Cooking Tips for People with Diabetes
The third-party content provided in the Health Library of phoebeputney.com is for informational purposes only and is not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your physician. If you or your child has or suspect you may have a health problem, please consult your primary care physician. If you or your child may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 or other emergency health care provider immediately in the United States or the appropriate health agency of your country. For more information regarding site usage, please visit: Privacy Information, Terms of Use or Disclaimer.
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Phoebe Putney Health System is a network of hospitals, family medicine clinics, rehab facilities, auxiliary services, and medical education training facilities. Founded in 1911,
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has been to bring the finest medical talent and technology to the citizens of Southwest Georgia, and to serve all citizens of the community regardless of ability to pay.


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Dec 21, 2009 | 10:30 AM
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A cast iron pipe manufacturer has pleaded guilty in federal court to decade-old environmental violations.
McWane Inc., Birmingham, Ala., was fined $4 million and placed on probation for five years after pleading guilty in U.S. District Court for northern Alabama to nine felony counts of Clean Water Act violations, the U.S. Justice Department said.
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We recognize that it takes time to learn to make good, quality steel. And we're not underestimating the need to do that and do it right.
--Mark Bula, Big River Steel


text:
Narrow your search
A pretty great grab-and-go camera bag, the Timbuk2 Informant camera sling is a perfect fit for dSLR or mirrorless camera users who want a lot of storage in a little bag.
The Lifeband Touch, LG's crack at a smart fitness band, has moments of promise, but just doesn't add up to an experience that's useful or fun compared with the competition.
Although it's fairly pricey, the House of Marley Bag of Rhythm is a quality portable boom box that throws out a lot of sound for its size.
Smaller and lighter than a typical messenger bag but still able to hold a pro dSLR body, a flash, a couple of small lenses, and a 13-inch laptop, the Tenba Mini Photo/Laptop Messenger Bag is one of the best-designed bags we've seen.
CNET's Donald Bell looks at the value proposition of Apple's latest 16GB iPod Touch -- and doesn't like what he sees.
The Samsung Galaxy Young may be young at heart, but its specs aren't exactly bursting with youthful vigour.
Pricing not available
If you want to attach your camera to the outside of an existing bag, the Sun-Sniper Strap-Surfer is a fine option.
The Booq Cobra Courier XS is a slick, leather-and-nylon iPad bag with enough compartments to be practical, while looking good enough to take out at night if needed.
Although the ThermaPAK HeatShift Bag needs a few design improvements, we're impressed with its ability to immediately draw heat away from our laptop.
The Skooba Checkthrough laptop bag offers plenty of room for all your travel necessities, plus a butterfly design that may help speed you through security checkpoints.
Pricing not available


text:
SynthEyes Camera Tracker Forum
Log in to check your private messages
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New tutorial idea
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Talkin' Tutorials (NOT TECH SUPPORT)
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Joined: 20 Feb 2007
Posts: 44
Location: Swindon, UK
Posted: Sat Aug 16, 2008 12:10 pm
Post subject: New tutorial idea
Got an idea for a new video tutorial that i could do with and im sure many others will benefit from too.
I have problems with tracking through motion blur, more on how to effectively sort glitches in these area's. I use interlaced clips. mainly using the ' Yes ' option or the ' But ' option on clip import as opposed to using the both fields options which im sure loads of other people use too.
A new video tutorial with a visual demonstration on how to deal with these annoying blur area's affectively would help me out greatly as im sure others will appreciate too. This is very much a weak point in my syntheyes workflow.
What do you think ????
Back to top
Joined: 06 Feb 2009
Posts: 6
Posted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 9:43 pm
Post subject: Agreed
I agree, as many prosumer cameras even as of this writing are still barely making it to progressive. If you are doing film or television work you probably have the luxury of having progressive frames from progressive cameras. If you are not, the interlacing issues with many prosumer "hd" cameras today make dealing with footage a pain, not just in matchmoving.
Add to this the fact that OIS(optical image stabilization) and EIS(Electronic Image Stabilization) on most cameras today just plain SUCKS, and even the steadiest hand cranks out the most jittery footage.
A tutorial going through some "bad" interlaced footage would be great.
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Joined: 07 May 2009
Posts: 20
Location: Europe, Germany, Kassel
Posted: Wed Jun 09, 2010 6:18 pm
Post subject:
Advanced Tutorials - SynthEyes in the Depth
I hope for more advanced, longer and less superficial Video Tutorials.
Some of the Online Videos are also very old, shows only a small part of a whole complex Matchmovingprocess and often has only the basics
which don't work well, if you have to use this matchmoving results for CG integration, because the solution is not clean enough and the difficulty begins when AUTO Track -not- works....
I ask for this Lessons, because the most Online Classes make Tutorials or DVDs for PFTrack, Boujou, Matchmover or 3D Equalizer. I found nothing up-to-date and in the Depth for Syntheyes 2008. There is only
one small insignificant Syntheyes Basic Introduction on fxphd.com or two years old Overview at Cineversity for C4D.
If there is no time for you or by other reasons, perhaps you can ask other people to produce an advanced Lesson with quality results (one hour or more: "Syntheyes in the Depth" with tricky realistic
production shots) for registered users only or to buy as Download, as DVD etc.
I think many people around the world will buy quality Lessons.
The Manual only describes a Feature, but not when and how you need this. Advanced Software specific Tutorials with quality results (!!)
are essential - not for major VFX Studios, but for independent and beginner Users!
The start to finish prozess and the quality tracking results is the important focus of this Lessons and how to get this with SynthEyes.
Here is an two Hour example PFTrack Tutorial - for that kind stuff i mean:
Such detailed Training Lessons don't exits for the techniques with Syntheyes
Many Filmschools produce all kind of realistic HD Production Videos Footage for CG Integration which can used for this Lessons if needed.
So i hope any Online School or Syntheyes expert read this.
Back to top
Joined: 16 Apr 2008
Posts: 61
Posted: Thu Jun 10, 2010 10:02 am
Post subject:
Collect me some really nice plates, we can put online and I will make you some tutorials.
I think it could make sense to teach how to setup and model "sets", for shots in a repetitive environment. From Setfotos, Lidar Scans etc.
Fix a camera path that gets jittery
Maybe cause of obscure trackers or lack of trackers that define the translation.
The right treatment of motionblur
A little scripting.
Maybe "how to script a nuke 2d point exporter"
Does and donts, to not waste your time.
Things that speed up the tracking process.
Treating shots with focal changes.
Advanced object matchmoves.
Matching non rigid stuff. Like cloth or humans.
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Joined: 16 Apr 2008
Posts: 61
Posted: Thu Jun 10, 2010 10:25 am
Post subject:
Ways to find out what lens was used on set
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Joined: 07 May 2009
Posts: 20
Location: Europe, Germany, Kassel
Posted: Thu Jun 10, 2010 1:59 pm
Post subject:
damian_d3 wrote:
Collect me some really nice plates, we can put online and I will make you some tutorials.
Hmm, what is you plan?
DVD to buy, Online for free? Will ask some Filmschools, but for free its hard to get good film stuff, but what's the advantage for those?
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Joined: 16 Apr 2008
Posts: 61
Posted: Fri Jun 11, 2010 3:19 am
Post subject:
I would put them online for free somewhere.
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Joined: 20 Feb 2007
Posts: 44
Location: Swindon, UK
Posted: Fri Jun 11, 2010 9:40 am
Post subject:
Sounds wonderful.......Tell us a rough outline of what type of footage & how long you want for each of your 9 idea's.
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Joined: 16 Apr 2008
Posts: 61
Posted: Sat Jun 12, 2010 1:06 am
Post subject:
I guess the best would be a movie or a short movie shot on film or red.
And then I will find suitable shot that fit to the tutorials.
are the only ones I could find. But they feel a little too simple. Maybe there is some short movie (like IRON SKY), that I could use without getting sued.
I don't need green screen or anything.
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Joined: 20 Feb 2007
Posts: 44
Location: Swindon, UK
Posted: Sat Jun 12, 2010 8:18 am
Post subject:
Hey, I had a go at one of those myself
And there was me thinking of filming something myself & sending you the clip.....Certainly wont be a 'RED' though LOLOL
Would a HDR-FX1e do ???
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Joined: 07 May 2009
Posts: 20
Location: Europe, Germany, Kassel
Posted: Tue Jun 15, 2010 1:42 pm
Post subject:
@damian_d3: I sent PM
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text:
Day Tour to Ephesus and Adaland Sea Park
Day Tour to Ephesus and Adaland Sea Park
About 07 Hours
Spend the morning touring the magnificent ruins of the ancient Ephesus and then continue your day at the Adaland Sea Park, where you will be able to see a huge of array of sealift and different species of sharks, ray and fish. You can even swim with dolphins.
Tour Highlights
Trip type : Private Tours
Trip runs : Everyday
Pick-up Location : Kusadasi Port
Return To : Kusadasi Port
Pick-up Time : According to the Cruise Schedule
Leaving your ship in the port, you will meet your guide and make the 45 minute drive south to Ephesus. There you will be able to visit the extensive ruins of the ancient city that make it the greatest outdoor museum in Turkey. See the Odeon, the Agora, the Pyrtaneion, as well as Domitian Square, Hercules Gate and Trajan's Fountain. All of these sites are evidence of the cities long history as part of the ancient Greek and then Roman worlds. The ruins go on with the Temple of Hadrian, which is one of the best preserved ancient structures in Turkey, along with the ruins of Celsius Library and the Grand Theater, which is one of the most impressive structures at Ephesus. The number of ruins goes on and on and you are sure to find many more interesting sights from Ephesus' ancient period, as well as evidence of its importance during the early days of Christianity. Both John and Paul of the Apostles recorded visits to this once great city. After the tour of Ephesus, you will be taken to the Adaland Sea Park to spend the afternoon relaxing and seeing the sea life on display here. There are thousands of species of sharks, rays, fish and coral in the park. There is even a chance to swim with dolphins. Around 3 in the afternoon, you will finish up and head back to your ship before re-embarkation. The whole tour will last around 7 hours.
- The Terrace Houses section costs 15 USD per person
- Ancient city of Ephesus is an open air museum and includes 1.5 km. walking
What's Included:
- Pick up/return to and from Kusadasi port
- All transfers by a private air-conditioned vehicle
- English speaking guide during the tour
- Private driver during the tour
- Entrance fees to Ephesus and the sea park
- One soft drink and lunch inside the sea park
- Snorkeling equipments and all day use
- Aquarium entrance fees
- Cage-diving in the shark reef
- Entrance fees to all the mentioned sites
- All taxes and service charge
What's Excluded:
- Personal spendings.
- Tipping.
- Any extra meals or drinks.
Prices per Person
Tailoring your trip
Call a specialist on
and can be tailored by our passionate and dedicated Tour Consultants to suit your specific requirements and needs
Call a specialist on 1-800-490-0512


text:
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Pale blue dot : a vision of the human future in space
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Adult Nonfiction QB500.262.S24 1994
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Energy savings of 99% over previous methods probably sound like snake oil. But some math geeks have been able to find a way so that computers can use only 1% of the energy (and the time) necessary for some tasks.
IBM has announced a new data-processing algorithm that enables large sets of panaceahealthsolutions.com data to be processed in a fraction of the time, and with only a fraction of the electricity, as was previously needed. Supercomputer testing of the algorithm showed that the process speeded the calculations and reduced the power consumption by two orders of magnitude.
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Not only does this mean that far less electricity is needed for data-intensive operations, but also more work will be able to be scheduled onto the same number of machines. And while the demonstration was carried out on a powerful supercomputer, the intent of the research was to make intensive data-processing activities more readily available and accessible to scientists who do not have supercomputers.
via: Slashdot
image: IBM press release


text:
On Ear headphones, also known as supra-aural headphones, are designed to sit on top of the ear. Typically lighter, foldable and more portable than over ear headphones - on ear headphones serve as fantastic travel companions for those who find earphones uncomfortable.
Brands such as Sennheiser, Klipsch, Monster, Polk Audio, Pioneer and Marley, specialize in these types of on ear headphones.
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text:
Adams Papers Indexes | Adams Papers, Cumulative Index to volumes published through 2006 | N | Nicolls (Nichols), Richard
VI. An Examination of the Claim of New York, May 1774 [Papers of John Adams 2:70]
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