text:
When it comes to bragging rights, most parents would still prefer to announce, "My child the lawyer," rather than, "My child the teacher."
Would such attitudes change if the U.S. teaching corps became more selective?
The American Federation of Teachers is endorsing an entrance exam for new teachers similar to the bar exam that novice lawyers must pass and the medical boards that newly minted doctors must pass.
"It's time to do away with a common rite of passage into the teaching profession — whereby newly minted teachers are tossed the keys to their classrooms, expected to figure things out, and left to see if they and their students sink or swim. This is unfair to both students and their teachers, who care so much but who want and need to feel competent and confident to teach from their first day on the job," said Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers.
The education debate in Georgia has skirted the question of improving teacher quality, focusing instead on offering escape routes from local public schools. When the topic even arises in the Legislature, the conversation is usually how to run off bad teachers rather than how to attract good ones.
Lawmakers pay little attention to the fact that the world's highest-achieving education systems, including Finland and Singapore, improved their schools through concerted campaigns to entice the brightest high school graduates to teaching. And they invested in their training.
"The United States has for many years prized cheap teachers over good teachers," wrote Marc Tucker, CEO of the National Center on Education and the Economy, in his Education Week blog. "Whenever there is a shortage of teachers, we respond by lowering our already intolerably low standards. We are constantly assigning teachers trained in one subject to classes in a subject about which they know little or nothing. We not only invest very little in teacher training, but we have for a very long time expected our schools of education to produce budget surpluses for use in other parts of the university that we evidently care more about."
In its new report, "Raising the Bar: Aligning and Elevating Teacher Preparation and the Teaching Profession," the AFT calls for a "universal and rigorous bar that gauges mastery of subject-matter knowledge."
"Teaching has always had a low bar and a wide gate," said University of Pennsylvania researcher Richard Ingersoll, who studies teacher turnover, teacher shortages and the status of teaching as a profession.
"So, making this a less-easy line of work is all for the good. But it's really only half the story," he said in a telephone interview. "You also have to raise the reward."
Ingersoll sees value in enhancing the stature of teaching because, he said, "The perception remains that anyone can teach, even dummies, which doesn't make it an attractive choice for bright undergraduates."
A sheen of selectivity will appeal to top college students, he said. "But those bright students are going to want to know that the rewards are there."
Historically, raising the bar to enter teaching reduces the supply of teachers, especially males, said Ingersoll. "Everyone can do the calculus. If you make it harder, students are going to say, 'I can go to law school and get a much higher salary than I can in teaching."'
When Finland sought to improve the under-performance of its schools in the 1970s and 1980s, it not only upgraded standards and admissions for teacher candidates, it also raised salaries. It's now more difficult to get into a teaching program than law or medicine.
After gaining its independence, Singapore resolved to produce the best-educated students in the world and began by elevating teaching into a highly paid, highly prestigious profession. Only top academic achievers are eligible for teacher education programs, and they earn salaries as they train, said Ingersoll.
Raising the salary scale in education posed less of a challenge in Finland and Singapore, where education is centralized, than it would in the United States, where nearly 15,000 school districts operate as independent fiefdoms and where local property taxes are a common — albeit inequitable — funding mechanism.
"Singapore could just decide that the whole nation was going to do it. Here, it is hard to have such systemic reform," said Ingersoll. "You would have to go through one district at a time to raise the reward"
"Given the reward we offer now," he said, "we actually get a higher quality teacher than we deserve."
–From Maureen Downey, for the AJC Get Schooled blog
December 22nd, 2012
6:50 am
Economics 101. On average,you get what you pay for. It would have to be up to the individual states to enact this type of reform because of the vast number of local districts nationally. But that would require a political focus and will to actually do it. I would expect northeastern & far western states to be in the forefront were it to catch on because they, as a whole, have demonstrated over the decades that they place high value in education along with a willingness to pay for it. There is a problem in that for the southeast however. There is a mindset here that resists northern state influence in political decision-making, be it transportation or education to name but two. New York City moves ten times the number of commuters as Atlanta metro every day, TEN TIMES. Do they have traffic problems? Yes, but no more so that what we have with a tenth of the population. But do we learn from how they have implemented their resources? No. That same can be said for education. Rightly or wrongly, SAT scores are compared every year and the northeast kicks the collective butts of the southeast. Do we look to see how we could improve based on how education is approached there? No, we instead pride ourselves on "efficient" per-pupil costs in comparison. Education is not manufacturing, students are not widgets and we cannot return "defective" parts to the source. But I digress. If individual states need be responsible for educational reform, don't look for Georgia to be in the forefront. All indications are that we will lag behind the leaders because of a fear to embrace something not "southern."
December 22nd, 2012
7:17 am
Yes I imagine saying "my child the teacher" is kind of hard to say with pride considering the new DSM-IV diagnosis of "singularly insane, with no hope of redemption" consists of a single criteria, that being a "college age youth expressing a desire to become a public school teacher."
The education debate in Georgia has skirted the question of improving teacher quality, focusing instead on offering escape routes from local public schools. When the topic even arises in the Legislature, the conversation is usually how to run off bad teachers rather than how to attract good ones.
December 22nd, 2012
7:23 am
We already have a test that is supposed to certify that teachers are properly trained. Teachers on this blog claim it is very easy and yet future and current teachers still pay someone else to take the test, which, of course, is illegal.
Teachers make good salaries and have good benefits and the best life/work balance of any profession in the world.
Raising salaries for current teachers would only reward many bad teachers currently in the system.
What we need are FOUR things:
VERY STRICT STANDARDS for earning a teaching degree from a college and an accompanying test that is very difficult to pass that certifies the teacher is qualified.
OUTSTANDING TEACHER EVALUATION TOOLS which include feedback from parents and test scores from children. This needs to be accompanied by a process that is easy to use to fire teachers for poor performance.
THIRD PARTY STUDENT TESTING: Bring back a nation-wide student skills test and administer it through a disinterested, honest, third party entity with all school employees out of the building and out of the way during test preparation and test taking so there is no cheating.
REWARDS for great teachers. AFTER a teacher passes the test and has proven he or she can teach and satisfy stakeholders, then pile on the bonuses. For a real, honest to goodness outstanding teacher — give him or her an extra 20K a year.
COLORBLIND admission policies with NO affirmative action. Open the floodgates to ALL races and genders. Allow the best and the brightest to flourish and teach. If that means that the best and the brightest are all Asian men who bubble to the top of the candidates, so be it. I don't give a rats' tinker's darn what race and what gender my childrens' teachers are — I just want the man or woman standing in front of my child to be educated, can speak and model correct behavior and knows how to teach kids in several ways so that ALL can learn.
TEST to ENSURE THE BEST ARE BEST.
December 22nd, 2012
7:24 am
The education debate in Georgia has skirted the question of improving teacher quality, focusing instead on offering escape routes from local public schools. When the topic even arises in the Legislature, the conversation is usually how to run off bad teachers rather than how to attract good ones.
Notice the various Republican legislatures who post here from time to time all have one thing in common? That the party of "law and order" and "personal responsibility" has been absolutely spineless when it comes to supporting classroom teachers in matters of discipline.
Can they explain why they haven't come up with a single discipline initiative that has had a direct, tangible effect on giving teachers the authority to hold students accountable for either behavior or academics?
Can they explain why, if based on their lack of support for discipline in the schools, they would be (in their own supporters words) the epitome of a "do gooder, bed wetting liberal"?
December 22nd, 2012
7:31 am
Yes, a real change is long overdue, but we can't expect anything worthwhile to happen until our political leaders see the need and dedicate money and effort to make students and teachers a budget priority. And if such a dramatic change came to Georgia, it would take time and pain to make it work. In the long run, of course, this would lift students and teachers to an unprecedented level of achievement, and Georgia could compete with the world easily in every category. This idea would work, but not with the leaders we now have or the attitude of a skeptical public which now pervades our state. Meanwhile, the years roll on, everyone wrings their hands about the state of public education, and teachers are made the scapegoats. It's sad.
December 22nd, 2012
7:44 am
Crankee-Yankee nailed it: "All indications are that we will lag behind the leaders because of a fear to embrace something not "southern."
As long as a team from the SEC wins the National Championship in football, all will be well in Georgia citizens' minds regarding education. (I coached high school football, basketball and baseball BTW.) "Book learning" is an alien concept, not to be trusted.
Georgia has a plantation mentality concerning its labor in general, especially true about teachers. I can't imagine Georgia school districts doing anything remotely important enough to attract many first rate brains. Money is important but, for smart people, respect is even more important. Can't see Georgia doing much. "Go Dawgs!"
December 22nd, 2012
7:54 am
considering the state of the profession, I would do everything possible to steer my kids away from making the same mistake I did. public service is a black hole with less respect from society than ladies of the evening.
December 22nd, 2012
8:08 am
I agree with just about everything in this article. Trouble is, it's extremely short on practicality.
December 22nd, 2012
8:10 am
@ crankee
while I see your point, I still disagree. in my years in the higher ed system we have adopted every new trend coming from the north and the west, and it still gets us nowhere.
reason? none of these trends actually focus on effective teaching.
I am one of those who strongly believes southern education requires a southern solution. the culture here is very different than north or west, and frankly we are gonna fight like hell against anything we percieve as being shoved down our throats – especially from the north.
we have a different racial dynamic here
we are much poorer than other parts of the nation
we are the one group of US society its still considered OK to ridicule
we strongly distrust central authority
agree or disagree, it is what it is. telling us how it was done in Cleveland isn't gonna get anything done. frankly, Cleveland ain't all that great itself. despite what many think, we're not dumb, we're southern. talking at us gets a bless your heart (ie, a polite go suck a frog) and we go about our business.
if our yankee cousins ever tried talking TO us…..but IMO the Mayans have a better chance of being right before that will happen.
December 22nd, 2012
8:49 am
"Making "my child the teacher" as impressive as "my child the doctor""
So, you want a teacher to go through four years of college in an extremely difficult curriculum, such as microbiology, get accepted into a highly selective program which has a rejection rate of 90%+, go through an additional four years in a doctoral degree program, 3-7 years in a residency program, and passage of an exam board.
And then, they will go out and teach kids 1+1=2?
ROFLMAO. Maureen, you're too much….
Don't know how teachers are thought of in metro areas, but in rural Ga, teaching is one of the few professional level jobs that pay a decent wage.
Consider this:
XYZ Corporation announced they were going to expand into Podunk County, GA. They were going to bring about $250,000,000 in capital expenditures and employ about 1300 people with an annual payroll of over $42,000,000. Of those 1300 positions, approximately 475 were going to be professional level positions with an average annual salary in excess of $50,000 per year.
That announcement would
December 22nd, 2012
8:52 am
Hit submit too soon….
Anyway, that announcement would bring the governor and a host of other politicians out of the woodwork in celebration. Hell, we'd probably have a parade for XYZ Corp.
But that's what the local school system means for most rural counties. They are typically the largest employer in the county and have the most high paying jobs.
Most parents in rural GA would love to have their children become a teacher.
December 22nd, 2012
9:02 am
bootney farnsworth
December 22nd, 2012
8:10 am
we have a different racial dynamic here – not really that much different from Patterson or Newark, NJ, Detroit, Chicago, Cleveland, Baltimore, Philly…
we are much poorer than other parts of the nation – so how do you suppose to fix that? Maybe investing in education?
we are the one group of US society its still considered OK to ridicule – as are Jews, Polaks, the Irish, Democrats, Republicans, Liberals, Conservatives, etc. someone is always ridiculing someone else, southerners delight in ridiculing northerners.
we strongly distrust central authority – who doesn't? What would you call the GA Legislature?
The war between the states ended almost 150 years ago, it is time to move on.
"we have adopted every new trend coming from the north and the west, and it still gets us nowhere…
I am one of those who strongly believes southern education requires a southern solution."
Therein lies the problem, IMHO, a working system is modified before implementation to reflect a "southern solution" and then is discarded because the modified construct does not reap similar results.
A case in point would be Carl Glickman's Program for School Improvement out of UGA back in the '90's. Initially embraced by many systems in GA & producing tangible, positive results, it fell out of favor when a cadre of administrators in a leading county disagreed with his personal teaching methodology and so bad-mouthed a de-centralized way of implementing change. We are the poorer for that.
December 22nd, 2012
9:10 am
I can hear all the arguments now:
"If you make it more difficult to enter the profession, you will exclude lots of well-intentioned people who would make otherwise great teachers."
"More testing doesn't prove more knowledge (ironic isn't that)"
"All that fancy education and testing isn't necessary just to be a teacher"
"The problem is the students/parents/administrators, not the teachers. That's who you need to fix not us"
How do I know? Because I'm a nurse and we can't even establish a minimum point of entry to the profession because other nurses fight it tooth and nail. We hate education and standards, especially here in the South. So we will continue to get lousy teachers and we will continue to get lousy nurses because we don't WANT the best and brightest in these profession; we LIKE our second-class citizen status. Without it, we can't continue to complain about being victims.
December 22nd, 2012
9:16 am
Bootney, you are one bitter Betty. You are always angry and resentful. It scares the heck out of me that someone as angry and resentful as you owns and uses a gun.
You are the one we are afraid of.
December 22nd, 2012
9:18 am
The replies to this stimulating post are going to be all over the place. I think I will start calling Lee, "Lee Likes Podunk." Lee thinks the whole world is Podunk, Georgia. Lee's vision of education is producing rats to run on a wheel as site workers for corporation XYZ that comes to town. I can if they can push a button on a machine, keep their fingers out of conveyor belt, and load trucks, than we're "golden" so to speak. Maybe LLP (Lee Likes Podunk) and codify a required three word vocabulary for the students of Podunk, "Push (button), Stop, Push (pallet truck)." Oh wait, that's a two word vocabulary with one variance. Well, that's more vocabulary than the current New World Order approach requires.
other news:
1. to change gate is wide to gate is narrow, test would be? GRE type test? vocabulary, math, and logic?
2. the real crime going on is the pablum taught in education training programs and lack of specialization in subject area. Go get trained in teaching college how to teach HS biology or physics, you will not be studying any of this, but lot of trendy squishy "methods" and then there is the bucket-load of disembodied statistics study used as filler.
3. Even if you had a high-grade teacher corp, educated people do not like being harassed in the workplace. This "Broad Academy churn & burn" and Arne Duncan "Run As Fast As You Can to My Mandate" as outside management propaganda is a disincentive to professionalism.
Therefore, it is a three part system?
1. quality of teacher corp
2. integrity of teacher training schools (which are also requirement and gatekeeper)
3. quality of government management.
At the moment, this overall topic stimulates my interest in "What is good public service management?" Why can you run teachers cuckoo with made-up initiatives, but not do the same to people who run the water department or build the highways? Why are teachers, schools, and principals targets for brainwashing and some outside super-jerk dictating contrived themes on these professional level workers? That's my message to the propagandists and meddlers who use authority to intrude on the professional workplace – get out of my work place now! Stop the "round up" meeting so you can spray everybody with poison. Why is it in the USA that the minute anything is organised, it is immediately strategized and exploited by outside "big power" who want to extract wealth and make mandates?
December 22nd, 2012
9:22 am
Great idea, but "grandfathering in" the existing teachers would be counter productive, they will demand the big pay hikes the new, more qualified teachers are granted. A much better idea is to make the existing teachers compete for their jobs with the new grads, but retain separate pay scales for the "grandfathered" group and the new higher quality teachers.
December 22nd, 2012
9:26 am
There is hope down here in the south! Several of my friends who have very bright children (think top 25% in their graduating class) have children thinking about education as a major in college. I've noticed that these students are all girls, but bright girls who really want to teach for a living. Their parents support the decision to teach, but insist that these students attend public colleges because of the return on investment.
I have to agree with several of the above comments about teaching in the northeast vs teaching in the south. Teachers in New England, NY and NJ make significantly more money than teachers in the south.
December 22nd, 2012
9:28 am
If we just do away with the requirement that teachers have a degree in education in order to be certified as a teacher, changing the requirement to at least a BA in any subject, we will greatly improve teacher quality. Why? Because job opportunities for highly educated people are shrinking, as proof I offer this: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-21/american-dream-fades-for-generation-y-professionals.html
December 22nd, 2012
9:31 am
During residency, doctors must sink or swim. In fact, it is significantly more rigorous than anything a teacher would ever need to do. Similar for young attorneys – I worked for a large corporate law firm and saw first hand the unbelieveable hours associates were expected to keep. Many of them slept at work for days; working 18 hours on a regular basis. Both professions certainly expect newbies to pay dues and make it on their own strengths. If they can't make it, then they aren't cut out for the profession.
Teaching, while important (who is teaching those doctors and lawyers?) and noble, is nowhere near as "life or death" as medicine or even law. I don't see this profession ever being on par with either, and it really shouldn't be – it just isn't as rigorous or as stressful a job.
As far as mentoring new teachers – perhaps it wasn't such a bad thing for new teachers to be thrown in and expected to swim. I learned how to be self sufficient, budget my time, and damn well had to figure out a way to reach my students. And I did, without a lot of help. It made me a stronger teacher in the long run.
Teacher education programs need to be more selective, yes, and there needs to be ways for those who wish to stay in the classroom to take on leadership positions and extra responsibilites to make additional money.
December 22nd, 2012
9:35 am
PS I'd have a differing sentiment if I hadn't just spoken to a local professional who told me their 3rd grader kid's math book is changed and it is utterly confusing and the teacher is candidly complaining to about being force-directed to use a math teaching technique that is not effective. Arne and company are skeezers-to-the-max when it comes to curriculum. And that's the problem.
December 22nd, 2012
9:44 am
English Teacher your post amuses. What makes you think this sadistic work requirement for young US doctors / lawyers is effective? The result is then that they create an environment where they they think they are a super-caste. In my experience, outside of the US, doctors are a lot more accessible, relaxed, and a lot closer to regular people in both heart and soul, and providing services. And what about the part of the USA has 20x as many doctors as anywhere else? The state of Georgia probably has more lawyers in it than the country of Japan. Expecting professionals to be overworked masochists sleeping at work does not equal a wholesome overall outcome. And many you work in decent circumstances, plenty of teachers are keeping long hours and getting run ragged, and do not have salaries where they can pay someone else to clean their home, fix their car, fix their house, and take care of their yard. One teacher friend I have owns a house, the place is slowing turning derelict as he does not have the time or resources to keep it up.
December 22nd, 2012
9:45 am
typo correction: And what about the part that the USA has 20x as many lawyers as anywhere else?
December 22nd, 2012
9:54 am
You'd need to set the standards for becoming a teacher much higher than they are now. An IQ of at least one standard deviation above normal, which is only about 116, should be the minimum requirement for teaching. f course, only about 16% of the population has an IQ of 116 or higher and it is still lower than the average doctor,engineer or lawyer, but, if the teaching profession wants to be respected as rigorous and demanding, then it needs to weed out those people who went to college looking for an easy major.
December 22nd, 2012
10:03 am
Long ago it has been said to do away with "education" degrees as meeting requirement for a BA/ BS 4-year degree. I could see an exception with "elementary education" degree. Point is, I think looking at what the teaching colleges are doing is fertile territory. In the US, there are like some teaching colleges that are excellent, and many are an expensive exercise in attending info-mercials. That's what I think of my MAT (Masters Arts in Teaching) degree. I'm almost embarrassed of it. And there's plenty of "players" in these teaching colleges, politically placed deans, ex-teachers pushing trendy materials, well, much of it is vacant garbage is what it is. Oh and those gawd-awful corporate single textbooks they build a class around. Seen "scholarship" is those textbooks, unattributed, anonymous corporate authorship, embedded branding in the articles.
December 22nd, 2012
10:06 am
"The Unites States has for many years prized cheap teachers over good teachers"
And, you may be sure, those in power will fight as hard as possible to continue hiring the cheap teachers.
Why, you ask?
Because money talks and BS walks.
December 22nd, 2012
10:09 am
That's the problem with the "concerned public" commenting on quality of teachers. The "concerned public" does not know what is going on in the teacher training programs.
December 22nd, 2012
10:11 am
USA: twice as many lawyers and half as many doctors.
December 22nd, 2012
10:14 am
Pride and Joy, why would you include parent comments in evaluation? If you include student performance data, and the data is good, why do we care how the parents felt about it? If the student performance data is bad, again, why do we care how the parents felt about it?
One of the mistakes that most of the reformers are making is assuming that parents know best or are able to act consistently in the present in ways compatible with the long term best interest of the kids or society. The problem is that other measures indicate that they don't or can't. On one extreme we've got the parents behind the worsening child obesity epidemic who apparently can't follow through consistently in attending to vital health interest of their kids and at the other we've got the over-involved, co-dependent helicopter parents who seem unable to allow their children to experience the kinds of low-grade short term failures or disappointment necessary to become resilient and independent workers.
While I firmly believe that parents have the right to raise their kids anyway they want to short of abuse, I don't think that society should have to subsidize their bad decisions by giving them input in teacher evaluation. Decide what we want from teachers, figure out how to measure it, and do it the same way for everyone. Don't set up a system that requires teachers to pander to a particular set of students or parents for the sake of their evaluation.
December 22nd, 2012
10:15 am
Gosh, I'm glad my doctor doesn't work only the educational calendar. I think he'd love 2 months off in the summer! He could do his personal and professional on-going training then, too.
December 22nd, 2012
10:17 am
"Teachers make good salaries and have good benefits and the best life/work balance of any profession in the world."
And that's why so many are leaving? Because of the quality of the work/life balance?
And where is the talk of improving administrators when according to at least one study they have the lowest scores on the GRE?
Oh I forgot, it's a lot easier to "fix the teacher" than it is solve the problems
December 22nd, 2012
10:21 am
Here is a pleasant video about a land that has universal healthcare and basically charges no tuition for university. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE_IUPInEuc
USA is a colony of debt-slavery. Debt-base education system, debt based distribution of medical. the debt-based higher-education can't hold up. Already a trillion dollars of higher-ed debt existent from the prior 10-20 years? Already it's at something like $30k per US citizen. I don't think we get a perspective on this from the US media.
December 22nd, 2012
10:22 am
Education majors have the lowest SAT scores of ANY college major. Why should we reward mediocrity?
December 22nd, 2012
10:29 am
Hey Inman, if you want to jump it a rank lower, look at marketing majors, the folks who graduate and then invent multiple pricing systems for retail stores, required "store cards" to buy at the advertised price, and then go sell your personal information, name and address for purposes of solicitation. Marketing majors – hail to thee.
December 22nd, 2012
10:32 am
It would be helpful if we had a "document bank" or "data bank" for evidence to support the various assertions in commentary. I'll add this as item #101 on my 100 things to do list.
December 22nd, 2012
10:36 am
@Inman we don't need so much to reward them, as empower. Keep the salaries the same, shift the balance of power from the chronically disruptive students to the teacher, abolish the education monolith that begot us the likes of Arne Duncan, Beverly "the Atlanta Miracle" Hall, Rod "the Houston Miracle" Paige, Crawford "RICO" Lewis and a whole host of other incompetents, and I think you'll find the majority of educators are competent enough to do what admittedly, isn't rocket science.
Improve the teaching conditions and you might actually attract a better class of teachers, which we should strive to do anyway. But what sane and informed soul right now would ever consider a career where you are held accountable for "managing success" but given zero authority to do so?
December 22nd, 2012
10:41 am
yes Beverly the current system is a cuckoo clock of cognitive dissonance. highly stressful for everyone involved.
December 22nd, 2012
10:45 am
From Private Citizen:
3. Even if you had a high-grade teacher corp, educated people do not like being harassed in the workplace. This "Broad Academy churn & burn" and Arne Duncan "Run As Fast As You Can to My Mandate" as outside management propaganda is a disincentive to professionalism.
Exactly Do you think any college student with any measure of critical thinking skills, once they become educated on the likes of Duncan and Broad, is going to want to make a career of teaching?
December 22nd, 2012
10:56 am
"After gaining its independence, Singapore resolved to produce the best-educated students in the world and began by elevating teaching into a highly paid, highly prestigious profession. Only top academic achievers are eligible for teacher education programs, and they earn salaries as they train, said Ingersoll."
You know Maureen, something tells me…a student in Singapore is not allowed to skip an assignment, tell the teacher "F-ck you, b-tch!" when the teacher inquires why the assignment wasn't done, physically shove the teacher as they storm out of the class, only to have an administrator walk the student back five minutes later with zero consequences, but instead a pointed rejoinder to the teacher in regard to "classroom management" as wells as instructions to the teacher that the child should get 50% credit with a chance for make up the rest.
I highly doubt that happens in Singapore. I know Maureen used to believe (or tout the party line) that dynamic didn't occur here, especially under the illustrious Beverly Hall, but now she knows better due to "Getting Schooled" by the readers.
Sometimes, oftentimes it really isn't the teacher. As James Carville might say, "It's the discipline, Stupid!"
One gets the feeling, along with improving their teaching staff, that Singapore is completely aware of the importance of discipline, unlike Broad and Duncan.
December 22nd, 2012
11:10 am
When I decided to become a teacher, it wasn't because of the money. I did it because I wanted to help people. And I certainly wasn't wealthy, either. (I'm definitely still not.) Also, I've never regretted going into teaching; I have enjoyed impacting the lives of my high-schoolers in a positive way. In summary, to stay in teaching and to make it a career, I think you must love the kids and love helping them. It also helps tremendously if you can explain it on "their level." The money helps a lot, but it won't keep you in the classroom if you hate it.
December 22nd, 2012
11:19 am
In summary, to stay in teaching and to make it a career, I think you must work in an environment that does not harass workers.
December 22nd, 2012
11:20 am
I graduated with a 3.7 in English Literature at Georgia State. I was there on a merit scholarship that I received from my impressive high school career. I received a M.A.T from Mercer with a 4.0. It was a struggle to pass my internship (student teaching hours). I created and taught a three week unit plan for that was 60 pages long. It was a success, and I had the percentage rates of improvement to prove it. I had the rigors of teaching the subject down…it was in classroom management that I was weak. That is where teachers sink or swim. A person can be the brightest graduating student in the class, but if they can't handle the discipline problems two or three students will throw at them, then they will not make it. And frankly, there is not enough "prestige" in the world that will make it worthwhile to be a teacher for any but altruistic motives. Can you imagine a surgeon trying to complete an operation while the nurses complained, "I know which artery to clamp, you don't need to disrespect me. Why do I have to hold the muscles open when she gets to monitor the heartrate. Oh, so she gets an easier job. I should get extra pay. Why do I have to count the sponges again, I already counted them once. What, you think I'm an idiot, I don't know how to count. I'm not f- stupid."
December 22nd, 2012
11:26 am
I didn't know anyone was proud to say their child was a lawyer. I would much rather say, "my child the teacher". Here's a riddle for you: What's the difference between a dead lawyer in the middle of the road and a dead possum in the middle of the road? There are skid marks in front of the possum.
As far as doctors go, they save lives. You can't compete with that. But most people are proud of their child the teacher. My sister-in-law is a teacher and her family is very proud of her. Only the most shallow, materialistic people would only be proud of their child if they make a lot of money. My daughter is an artist and is usually unemployed but I often say, "my daughter the artist".
December 22nd, 2012
11:31 am
"A person can be the brightest graduating student in the class, but if they can't handle the discipline problems two or three students will throw at them, then they will not make it"
And why should they have to? Why should they have to "handle" students that administrators often can't handle one on one much less with a full class to attend to?
As I've asked Maureen before (she refused to answer) if her job depended on getting 20 interns up to snuff to work at a newspaper and three continually disrespected the process and she had a choice of:
A) unlimited training in "classroom management" or
B) the removal of those students whose actions warrant it
what would she choose? I think we all know the answer and I suspect it's why Maureen wouldn't answer it, because it doesn't go with the "fix the teacher" narrative (although I must admit she has become more receptive to a balanced point of view as she has learned from posters on this blog)
Again, we would never expect a doctor to put up with a nurse that does such. If a police officer is subjected to such, we fully support the officer in handcuffing the suspect and remaining them to custody. Yet why does that same 18 year old get to openly disrespect the teacher with relative impunity?
December 22nd, 2012
11:32 am
I'm a teacher, and I'm fairly certain that my parents are proud to say so. My mom was a teacher, she retired after 30 years. I graduated from Georgia Tech. I'm hardly the ignorant boob that people seem to imply many teachers are. I will be getting out of the profession as soon as I can. Crap pay, no responsibility from the parents or students. And now some nuts want me to arm myself to protect their children?
No thanks.
And I love the folks who talk about what a cushy job it is. Really? Why the heck aren't you in education then if it's such a cakewalk?
December 22nd, 2012
11:41 am
"If we just do away with the requirement that teachers have a degree in education in order to be certified as a teacher,"
Uhh, what? That isn't a requirement. I work as a teacher and I don't have a degree in education. Many teachers don't have degrees in education. I have a degree in the subject I teach.
December 22nd, 2012
11:45 am
Can you say APS…..lots of advanced degrees but all are administrators and the advanced degrees are largely worthless except to get a higher salary for make-work activities and attending conferences at the school's expense. The issues identified in APS remain the same for most of the inner city systems….passing, looking good, feeling good and maximizing the self-esteem of all students are the priorities…..reading writing, arithmetic, spelling, grammar, etc just don't make the cut.
Just to show you that educating can be done in the inner city…algebra, no less, check out John Kitna, ex-pro football player. He is teaching algebra to kids who would normally be lost and out of school. Coaches football and teaches algebra but his pupils "toe the line" and the discover that they are learning something they would never have encountered in their lives.
December 22nd, 2012
11:49 am
Not that I'm advocating such, but I wonder what would have a more telling effect on the chronically rude, disrespectful and disruptive students who hijack the learning process in a school; a dozen "highly qualified" Singapore instructors or a dozen Singapore canes?
December 22nd, 2012
11:49 am
In my grandfathers hiarchy of family values, number one was the choosing of a proper mate. Number two was choosing a career or profession that suits you. . Number three was choosing a good farm.
Forsyth County has a pre-teacher program so that the aspiring teacher can get his/her feet wet with actual teaching in a lower grade. Some take this approach to see if teaching is really their thing. Then our teachers are supported by their Principals, Superintendant and School Board. Guess what? We have one of the best school systems in the Country and proud of it.
December 22nd, 2012
12:01 pm
Hey Lee, I find it notable that you do not expect rural areas to produce their own dentists, doctors, and civil engineers. So everyone sits on their backside expecting Jesus to show up in the form of an outside corporation XYZ setting up shop or some yankee doctor to treat grandma for her heart arythmia? Sounds like rural Georgia is filled with a bunch of vacant lazy slobs. Add to that "player" school administration and there you have it. And some arrogant racist teachers who have little vision for their charges. And then add Arne with his righteous cognitive dissonance forced confusion and a couple nitwits at the top of the state to sign it all into law. But that's okay because the one or two doctors in town enjoy feeling like Gods looking down their collective nose at the literally dumb peasants. I have a friend whose (deceased) father was one of these rural royalty Georgia doctors. To this day, he still thinks they're royalty or something. Somebody called Georgia a bunch of be-knighted ^$%$% and they're right.
December 22nd, 2012
12:07 pm
eddy, Where Jon Kitna lives (Tacoma, Washington) the state just legalised marijuana. That means the police will be re-purposed and there is going to be a bunch of money from taxing / regulation and less people put in incarceration. Good move, Washington, and Kitna will see it in his building, materials, and compensation.


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The girl screamed, terror showing in those beautiful baby blues. He smiled. He loved the way her emotions ran so raw, so undefined by society. Fear was the original emotion. It kicked in that survival instinct that dated back to the original humans. However, as things evolved, humans got more creative in their ways of killing. And he was good at killing, Master of Life and Death. He reveled in the fact that he had total control of her life.
Blood ran down her face from a gash in her forehead, into her mouth. He leaned in and licked the side of her face. She may have tried to turn her head, but he knew she loved every second of his attention. God, she was stunning in this light. It didn't matter how much blood there was, that made her all the sweeter.
Women were, in his own masterful eyes, more elegant than men. Pain for them was already part of who they naturally were as the child-bearers. While men were strong with testosterone, women were naturally tougher.... And testosterone would not help in the situations he created. He was experienced with what sort of people would do what - that played one of the largest duties in selecting someone. No, he wasn't crazy; he simply knew what he wanted.
She mumbled something; he couldn't quite hear it. It didn't matter. Most people tried to plead with him for their lives, and that put him in a bad temper. There were so many other interesting conversations they could be having instead of trying to barter for their life. He never let anyone go. He couldn't trust any of them not to tell, no matter how much he sometimes wanted to. He knew they were interesting people and that was why he had chosen them. But they would never understand, so he had to kill them. It was the only way, really.
"You know, I chose you because I saw instinctively that you were brave. And you have been very brave up until now. All I ask for now is that you stay with me just a little while longer, Princess."
The girl whimpered.
"Very good, my dear. I have a lot more in store for you than this. Now, scream for me!"
Her eyes grew wider and she screamed again as he reached for his knife....
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text: 20 years into the ministry...Teresa MacBain spent more than two decades as a Baptist and Methodist minister under the tutelage of her father. She worked as a worship minister, an associate pastor and a senior pastor of her own church.March of this year she finally stepped out of the religious closet and entered the world of reason. She outed herself in the national spotlight at the American Atheist convention and let the world know that you didn't need to believe in a god to be a good … [Read more...]


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Dee DeQuattro
750 students from Roger Williams Middle School are more prepared for disasters as we head into hurricane season.
Volunteers from Fidelity teamed up with students to talk about natural disasters today and participate in an array of field day events
"We feel it is an important thing… The weather recently in this area has been very turbulent and there is a lot going on… We want to make sure that families and the children know what to do," said John Muggervige, the Vice President of Public Affairs for Fidelity.
At the end of the day every student was sent home with a disaster plan and kit to bring home to their family.


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EUGENE, Ore. -- Canada's Dylan Armstrong captured bronze in the shot put at the Prefontaine Classic, continuing his march to the London Olympics with his second straight Diamond League medal.
The 31-year-old from Kamloops, B.C., threw a season's best 21.50 metres. American Reese Hoffa threw 21.81 to win the event, while 2008 Olympic gold medallist Tomasz Majewski of Poland was second with 21.61.
Armstrong, who won silver at the Diamond League stop in Shanghai last month, is rounding into form after suffering an arm injury during the indoor season.
Justin Rodhe of Kamloops, B.C., was seventh with a throw of 20.13.
Elsewhere, China's Liu Xiang won the men's 110-metre hurdles in a time of 12.87 seconds then bounded around the track with an unbridled exuberance.
That time would've tied the world record, but it was wind-aided by a slight margin. So the world mark belonging to Cuba's Dayron Robles remains safe -- for now.
Robles was actually scheduled to be in the field, but had trouble securing his visa and pulled out of the competition at the last hour.
There were still plenty of other rivals to push Liu, who held off Aries Merritt and Jason Richardson in what was billed as one of the marquee events at Pre. This race certainly lived up to the billing, with Liu getting off to a good start in the impressive victory.
"I just treated it as a regular race," Liu said through a translator.
His reaction to the win proved it was anything but just another race, especially this close to the London Olympics.
And had the wind not been gusting, this very well could've been a performance to remember.
These days, nothing Liu accomplishes on the track comes as a shock to Richardson.
"He's just amazing," Richardson said. "It almost goes without saying."
Allyson Felix was hard to miss in her aerodynamic black bodysuit with neon yellow patches on each leg. She impossible to catch, too.
In a 200-metre race that was supposed to tight, possibly even down to the wire, Felix breezed away from the field, easily beating training partner Jeneba Tarmoh and crushing her main rival Carmelita Jeter.
Sure, Felix's time of 22.23 seconds was hardly spectacular, but her performance was, especially with the Summer Games right around the corner. She showed that she's definitely rounding into form.
"I feel like I'm in a good place right now," Felix said. "I tried to focus and power in. But they told me it didn't look like I pushed very hard at the end."
Actually, she didn't appear to have to work very hard at all.
Felix risked a quick glance back after rounding the bend, just a tiny peek to size up who was about to make a move.
No one was even close.
"I expected it maybe to be a little tighter at the end," Felix said, smiling.
While Felix won with a big burst out of the starting blocks, the other big race of the day -- the men's 400 -- ended with a bang.
As in, a second bang to stop the race for a false start.
Teenager Kirani James of Grenada left the blocks a split second too early and was disqualified. But he protested and was allowed to run while the matter was sorted out.
The 19-year-old James got off to a solid start and had a slight lead on the homestretch. But reigning Olympic champion LaShawn Merritt used a strong kick to pass James with a few meters remaining.
That was the opposite of what transpired at the world championships last summer in South Korea. In that race, Merritt couldn't hold off the hard-charging James.
"I wanted to focus on staying relaxed and running strong," Merritt said. "I feel like I'm in great shape, the training has been going well. It was just a matter of me not beating myself."
As for the false start, James said he thought the runners may have been held in the blocks a little too long.
"It happens," James said. "I'd rather it happen here than at the big one."
For Oscar Pistorius, his mission is to simply qualify for the Summer Games, and he's quickly running out of time. The double-amputee sprinter known as the "Blade Runner" finished the 400 in a disappointing time of 46.86 seconds.
Pistorius needs to run in 45.30 or better to give the South African his second Olympic time in the qualifying window. He has another chance next weekend in New York at the Adidas Grand Prix.
"I have to refocus after this and get some fuel in the tank for the next race," he said.
As for what happens if he doesn't meet the requirements, Pistorius just shrugged.
"I guess then I won't go," he said. "They haven't given us that side of the coin."
In other notable races on Saturday:
-- Mo Farah of Britain beat a talented field in the 5,000, including training partner Galen Rupp, who wound up third.
-- Sanya Richards-Ross edged world champion Amantle Montsho in the 400.
-- Wallace Spearmon captured the 200 in convincing fashion.
-- Justin Gatlin held off Jamaican Nickel Ashmeade in the 100.
"Everything is on the right track," Gatlin said. "Right now, it's all about putting together a great, sound race."
With files from The Canadian Press.


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- Daniel Sheehan
- Oak Park, IL
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Where do we stand on on WikiLeaks?
To what extent should we support or oppose WikiLeaks?
Are there limits to what should be exposed to the public by investigators? And who should decide these limits?
When corruption is exposed through leaks how far up or down the ladder should we assign responsibility?
How should bias in reporting leaks be balanced?
If these leaks are produced for corrupt purposes how do we deal with it?
How can we present and prosecute exposed corruption in the public theater without it turning into a witch-hunt?
Closing Statement from Daniel Sheehan
A great deal of this conversation has been on whether our governments have a right to keep secrets from us. Many have pointed out corruptions that the secrets have protected, others site our loss of privacy at the hands of our governments.
Also many insist that transparency is protection from the abuses of authority by the people that we place our most sensitive information with, but few agree that "total transparency" can be achieved or as an over all goal is appropriate.
But it is clear that we believe that whistle blowers should be protected from retaliation.
I believe that we have an increasing problem with the "Free Press" which has become more of a commercialized or biased press that is more concerned with profits or has fallen to the hands of specialized interests, and is enthralled by the depthless mirrored image of spectacle. What had once been an instrument of information now serves mainly to incite and titillate the masses.
It's my opinion that WikiLeaks, and sites like it that supply an outlet for whistle blowers, should have our support as members of the Fourth Estate.
A grateful thank you to everyone that has participated in this discussion.
Showing single comment thread. View the full conversation.
Oct 22 2012: No problem. You questioned if animals had a right to keep secrets in the opening of your reply.
Whether we recognize it as their right or not, they have secrets.
I wouldn't argue their right to privacy in any relationship to either government or corporate right to privacy.
A separate passionate argument of mine is about the ability of animals to form what we believe to be higher level cognative funtions. But that I'm hoping be debate this in another Conversation.
Oct 22 2012: do you swear you remember the discussion you are participating in? rick said because governments exist, they have a right to keep secrets, just as humans. i said that this logic applies to animals, so they also have? it is not about secrets, but whether they have right to defend them. and more to that, we are talking about an argument, namely that governments has that right just because humans have. you derailed the conversation to secrets of animals, and now complain about the conversation being derailed? i'm the one on topic here. i'm still discussing a wrong argument about why governments should be able to keep secrets. i have no idea what you are discussing.
Oct 22 2012: If I were to tie it into this discussion it would be that we all have reason to have secrets. To exist we have to be able to use subterfuge to avoid predators or stalk prey.
To a great extent we still use these skills that we learned and have been successful for us in the animal stage in all our dealing in the world.
Government and corporations are human constructs that must operate in our natural world under the influence of humans. To operate they will have secrets. This is not an argument saying that they are destructive or immoral secrets, but to function they will have secrets.
Oct 22 2012: can you prove that nothing in the "natural world" can operate without secrets? because i'm not aware of such a general law. in the animal kingdom and in human behavior, each information hiding is to be shown useful or beneficial (in some way) individually. we never refer to a general law, keeping a secret is good because keeping secret is generally good. it needs further explanation. exactly what information should be kept from who, why and how.
Oct 23 2012: Can you prove that a government can operate without secrets?
Also, in an earlier reply to me, you stated, "whatever rights the government has, it is fully practical and never moral. only moral to the degree that it must serve the people." And you also said, "hence, your argument is invalid. people having right to privacy, and governments having rights to privacy are not even similar, and can not be judged by the same standards, the same mindset."
Sadly, you are wrong. Please read up on the Freedom of Information Act, who it applies to, and the restrictions within it that are LAW. Laws are what govern rights to privacy and the keeping of secrets. By the way, the FOIA applies to BOTH individual people and government rights concerning secrets. Similar? Yup.
And if you honestly believe a government is only responsible to what the people want and should disregard all morals altogether, I'm never going to vote for you. I spent 25+ years in the military defending this country and EVERYBODY in it, and I'll be d*mned if I will ever vote for somebody who insists the personal safety of ANYBODY defending my country be jeopardized by releasing classified information to "the People" just because "the People" think they deserve to have it.
Further, the main fallacy of any "totally transparant" idea as a solution to the things people think it will solve is...GUARANTEE me it WILL solve the problems you think it will.
1. How will you make sure any information given to you is "factual" to begin with? If the entire government is ALREADY full of "corrupt people" (which seems to be your premise), what in the world makes you think they won't still be corrupt AFTER you "order" them to "give you all the information"?
2. PROVE to me that a "totally transparant" system will actually STOP corruption from taking place. Heck, you can't even guarantee that the information you get wouldn't be "doctored".
Oct 23 2012: There are ignorant solutions to perceived problems. Those are the solutions you implement and watch them fail because you didn't know any better before you implemented them.
And there are non-critical thinking (some might say "stupid") solutions to problems. Those are solutions you know won't solve the problem, but implement them anyhow, then go "Duh!" when the problem isn't solved or actually gets worse because of the implemented solution.
Oct 23 2012: I'll separate the "natural world" from "our natural world". By this I mean the totality of our environment is different from the scope of human intervention.
And I never meant to implied that "keeping a secret is good because keeping secret is generally good", just that we will always have secrets in the course of human endeavors.
Do you play poker? It would be a very different game if we were required to play it with all cards face up.
You bluff, you under bid, over bid, conduct table chatter, your pattern of play, even how you sit is utilized by you to seek advantage over your opponent(s).
Is lying and secrets good or bad at the poker table? They are part of the game and no one is penalized for it. You don't get to see my cards until the round is over. You might not like having lost the hand but you can't demand your money back because I fooled you.
But there are rules to the game and if you're caught cheating you get tossed out and everything you have on the table is forfeit.
The point is that secrets are part of the game/process, we all have them and use them in full cooperation with everyone that participates. Secrets are not inherently corruption.
There are rules that we set up in our interactions and if we corrupt them we should be exposed and face the consequences of our actions.
Oct 23 2012: daniel, if we continue in this manner, the debate will be very, very long. you can make the case that open handed poker is not a good game. and it has no bearing in any way to any other situation. we need to analyze each and every situation individually to decide whether keeping secrets is good or not. you try to make it easier with sloppy analogies. in poker, secret is good, therefore governments need secrets. animals have secrets, therefore the government needs secrets. secrets are natural, therefore it is okay for government to have secrets. these are non-arguments. you would immediately reject such an argument in other cases. like: feathers serve birds well, therefore governments need feathers. lions kill, therefore governments have to kill. this is not good enough.
Oct 23 2012: I put a month on this debate because I do expect it to be long.
Nana taught me to play poker open faced when she babysat, I enjoyed that game.
The poker I play now is very different, I enjoy that too.
Poker is a good analogy for business, not a sloppy one. There is a reason that business, and some aspects of governance, is called High Stakes Poker. The examples I list above are utilized in the agreed upon rules in both.
I haven't claimed that secrets are good or bad, but that they are allowed within the rules.
I have said that corruption of the rules shouldn't be tolerated and when those rules are breached the consequences of those actions should be enforced.
Showing single comment thread. View the full conversation.


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What kinds of ministers does such a culture produce? Ministers who are not at home with what is significant; ministers whose attention span is less than that of a four- year-old in the 1940's, who race around like the rest of us, constantly distracted by sounds and images of inconsequential trivialities, and out of touch with what is weighty. It is not surprising that their sermons, and the alleged worship that surrounds them, are often trifling, thoughtless, uninspiring, and mundane. It is not surprising that their sermons tend to be moralistic, or slavishly drafted into the so-called culture wars. The great seriousness of the reality of being human, the dreadful seriousness of the coming judgment of God, the sheer insignificance of the present in light of eternity — realities that once were the subtext of virtually every sermon — have now disappeared, and have been replaced by one triviality after another. From "Why Johnny Can't Preach" by T. David Gordon.
A weight worth gaining.


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Nightforce 2.5-10x42mm NXS Riflescope w/ Illuminated Reticle
The NightForce 2.5-10x42 NXS Compact Rifle Scope is even better than its predecessor - enhanced ... to infinity. The NightForce 2.5-10x42mm NXS Compact Rifle Scope is available with multiple reticle ... for use with Night Vision devices. The NightForce NXS Compact 2.5-10x42 Rifle Scope features a Power Throw ... Nightforce features, the PTL is included on the NightForce Compact 2.5-10x42 Scope at no extra cost. ... NightForce C502: 2.5-10x42mm NXS Non Illuminated Compact Riflescope w/ IHR Reticle NightForce C459: ... 2.5-10x42mm NXS Illuminated Compact Riflescope w/ MOAR Reticle NightForce C460: 2.5-10x42mm NXS ... Illuminated Compact Riflescope w/ IHR Reticle NightForce C480: 2.5-10x42mm NXS Illuminated Compact...
Starts at $1,615.00
Nikon Monarch 3 Riflescope -2.5-10x42, BDC Reticle
The Nikon 2.5-10x42mm monarch 3 Riflescope w/ Bullet Drop Compensation Reticle is a mid-sized ... including magnum length actions. Nikon 6762: MONARCH 3 Riflescope - 2.5-10x42 BDC, Matte Black Nikon 6764: ... MONARCH 3 Riflescope - 2.5-10x42 BDC S, Matte Silver Finish Nikon 6763: MONARCH 3 Riflescope - ... 2.5-10X42 MILDOT, Matte Black Finish Nikon 6761: MONARCH 3 Riflescope - 2.5-10x42 NP, Matte Black Finish ... Specifications for Nikon Monarch III BDC Reticle Riflescope - 2.5-10x42: Magnification: 2.5-10x ... of Nikon Monarch 3 Riflescope - BDC, 2.5-10x42: Patented BDC Reticle Spring Loaded Instant ... conditions Smooth Zoom Control Package Contents: Nikon 2.5-10x42mm monarch 3 Riflescope w/ Bullet Drop...
Starts at $329.95
Zeiss Conquest HD5 2-10X42mm Rifle Scope
This Zeiss Conquest HD5 2-10X42mm Rifle Scope boasts an extremely wide field-of-view in 2-power ... conditions in more open terrain. The Zeiss Conquest HD5 2-10X42mm RZ600 Reticle Rifle Scope is parallax free ... HD5 2-10X42mm Compact Riflescope with its SuperZoom sets a new standard for features and performance ... in its price range. Zeiss 522611-9920-000: Conquest HD5 2-10X42 Rifle Scope w/ Plex Reticle, ... Matte Black Zeiss 522611-9981-000: Conquest HD5 2-10X42 Rifle Scope w/ RZ600 Reticle, Matte Black ... Specifications for Zeiss Conquest HD5 2-10X42 Compact Rifle Scope: Product Color: Matte Black ... Features of Zeiss Conquest HD5 2-10X42mm Riflescope: High resolution 2x zoom for ultimate versatility...
Starts at $879.99
Burris 3.5-10X-42mm MTAC G2B Mil-Dot Reticle Rifle Scope
The Burris MTAC 3.5-10x42mm Hunting G2B Mil-Dot Reticle Riflescope 200454 has been designed ... images. 200454: Burris MTAC Riflescope - 3.5-10x42mm, G2B Mil-Dot Reticle Specifications ... for Burris MTAC Riflescope - 3.5x - 10x 42mm, G2B Mil-Dot Reticle: Magnification: 3.5-10x Objective ... Burris MTAC 3.5-10x42mm Hunting G2B Mil-Dot Reticle Riflescope 200454 ... with finger-adjustable, resettable dials for windage and elevation. The lenses on the Burris 3.5-10x ... to be the perfect scope for the tactical shooter or hunting enthusiast. The adjustable parallax settings ... on this Rifle Scope by the experts at Burris, are great for long range tactical shooting. The Burris...
BSA Optics Majestic DX 10x42mm Binocular & LG 3.5-10x50 Rifle Scope Combo
A great hunting duo, the BSA Optics Majestic DX 10x42mm Binocular & LG 3.5-10x50 Scope Combo ... duo of the BSA Optics Majestic DX 10x42mm Binoculars & Laser Genetics 3.5-10x50 Riflescope Combo! ... BSA Optics MBLG: Majestic DX 10x42mm Binocular & LG 3.5-10x50 Scope Combo Specifications ... Waterproof Shockproof Fogproof Package Contents: BSA Optics Majestic DX 10x42mm Binoculars & Laser Genetics 3.5-10x50 Riflescope Combo ... clearly. The BSA Optics 10x42mm Majestic DX BAK-4 Roof Prism Outdoor Binocular feature fully multi-coated ... Genetics 3.5-10x50mm Rifle Scope offers high magnification with ultra-clear sighting to zero in at wild ... for BSA Optics Outdoor Binocular Majestic DX 10x42mm ONLY: Magnification: 10x Objective Lens...
Steiner 2.5-10x42mm Predator Xtreme Hunting Riflescope w/ Plex S-1 Reticle - Factory DEMO
The Steiner Predator Xtreme 2.5-10x42mm Rifle Scope - Factory DEMO is a fine deer hunting scope ... The Steiner Predator Xtreme 2.5-10x42 Riflescope offers light weight, tough construction, and precision MOA ... - 2.5-10x42mm, S-1 Reticle Specifications for Steiner Xtreme Predator 2.5x-10x42mm Zoom Rifle ... Predator 2.5-10x42 Xtreme Hunting Rifle Scope: Waterproof, fog proof 30mm scope tube .25 MOA ... Package Contents: Steiner Predator Xtreme Riflescope 5001 2.5x-10x-42mm with Ballistic Plex S1 Reticle ... mule deer and eastern whitetail in mind, the Steiner 2.5-10x Predator Extreme Scope offers ... These Steiner Rifle Scopes feature CAT (Color Adjusted Transmission) technology, designed to enhance...
Burris Veracity 2-10x42mm Riflescope w/ Ballistic E1 FFP Reticle
The Burris Veracity 2-10x42mm Riflescope w/ Ballistic E1 Front Focal Plane Reticle 200620 has been ... - 2-10x42mm: Tube: 30mm Magnification: 2-10x Objective: 42mm Reticle: Ballistic E1 FFP ... Fog-Proof Nitrogen Filled Package Contents: Burris Veracity 2-10x42mm Riflescope w/ Ballistic E1 Front Focal Plane Reticle 200620 ... 200620: 2-10-42mm Riflescope, Matte, Ballistic E1 FFP Specifications for Burris Veracity Riflescope ... and repeatable 1/4 MOA adjustments on the Burris 2-10x Veracity Riflescope allow for fine-tuning, ... Finish: Matte Field of View (ft @ 100 yds): 52 Low - 10.5 High Exit Pupil: 21mm Low - 4.2 mm High ... capture prairie predators, elusive elk, and even dangerous game. This Riflescope from Burris is made...
Carson 3D 10x42 Waterproof Birding Binoculars w/ ED Glass
Carson 3D 10x42 Waterproof Birding Binoculars w/ ED Glass combine a high-tech HD optical coating ... The Carson 10x42mm Hunting 3D/ED Binoculars feature a rubberized armor coating that makes them rugged ... perfect for eyeglass wearers. The Carson TD-042ED 10x42mm Waterproof 3D Binoculars also features ... set of trains for the Carson 3D Series Binoculars. Carson TD-042ED 10x42mm Birding 3D Binoculars ... Carson TD-042ED: 3D 10x42mm Fullsize Waterproof Binoculars w/ ED Glass Specifications for Carson ... Optical TD-042ED 3D 10x42mm Waterproof ED Binoculars: Magnification: 10x Lens Size: 42mm Prism ... 10x42mm Bird Watching 3D Binoculars: ED Glass with HD optical coatings Rubber-armored exterior...
Burris XTR II Riflescope - 2-10x42mm
for Burris XTR II Xtreme Tactical Riflescope - 2-10x42mm: Magnification: 2-10x Objective Lens: 42 ... 34mm Tubes Package Contents: Burris XTR II Tactical Riflescope w/ G2B Mil-Dot FFP Reticle and Adjustable Parallax - 2-10x42mm 201020 ... 2-10x42mm 201020 has been designed to make sure that you are entering into tactical situations ... Riflescope. Burris 201020: 2-10-42mm Riflescope, Matte, G2B Mil-Dot Front Focal Specifications ... 2-10x42mm XTR II Weapon Sight: Fives Times Zoom System Zero Click Stop Adjustment Knobs Front Focal ... XTR II 42mm Riflescope, you will greatly appreciate the accuracy of the hand-fitted internal ... .5 High Exit Pupil: 12mm Low - 4.2mm High Click Value: 1/10 MIL Elevation Adjustment: 90 MOA...
Vortex Razor HD 10x42 Binoculars
Vortex Razor HD 10x42 Binoculars RZB-2102 is a premium pair of binoculars that combines ... profile and offers superior ergonomics. Though they are powerful, the Vortex Optics RazorHD 10x42 ... the Vortex Razor HD 10x42 Phase Corrected Binocular. A rainguard will keep the roof prism binoculars dry ... for Vortex Razor HD 10x42 Dielectric Coated Binocular: Magnification: 10x Objective Lens Diameter: ... padded carrying case Package Contents: Vortex Razor HD 10x42 Binoculars RZB-2102 Rain guard ... anti-reflective lens coating. The roof prisms of the Vortex Razor-HD 10x42mm HD Lens Binoculars ... Focus System: Center Focus Features of Vortex Razor HD 10x42mm Center Focus Binoculars:...
Tasco 2.5-10x42 Target / Varmint Riflescope Rifle scope
Tasco 2.5-10x42 Target / Varmint Rifle Scope In Stock Now! Tasco 2.5-10x42 Target / Varmint ... Riflescope Model: VAR251042M Power/Obj. Lens (mm): 2.5-10x42mm Field of View (ft.@100yds./m@100m): ... 2.5-10x42mm Target / Varmint Riflescope, make sure to check other Tasco Riflescopes and other Tasco products offered in our store. ... lens. Features a True Mil-Dot reticle. Specifications for Tasco 2.5-10x42 Target / Varmint ... 35'-9'/11.7-3 Exit Pupil (mm): 16.8mm @2.5x/ 4.2mm @10x Lens Coating: SC/ML Focus Type: Eyebell ... Riflescope is an outstanding performer at intermediate and long ranges with an extra-large 44mm objective ... Parallax Setting (yds./m): 10/9.1 to infinity Eye Relief (in./mm): 3"/76 Reticle Type: True...
Hawke Sport Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42mm Side Focus Rifle Scope
Hawke Sport Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42 Rifle Scope HK4034 is an efficient, mid to long range ... Contents: Hawke Sport Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42 Rifle Scope HK4034 Hard travel case 2" side wheel 4" sun shade Screw-in lens covers ... reticle with five different brightness settings. The Hawke Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42 Side Focus ... 10x Waterproof Riflescope. Hawke HK4034: Sidewinder Tactical 10x42mm Side Focus Rifle Scope ... Specifications for Hawke Sport Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42mm Dual Illuminated Scope: Adjustment ... shade, screw-in lens covers Features of Hawke Optics Sidewinder Tactical 10x42 Target Turret Rifle ... for the rifle scope, which features fully multi-coated optics and a dual illuminated 10x 1/2 Mil-Dot...
Steiner GS3 2-10x42mm Riflescope w/ S-1 Reticle
The Steiner GS3 Game Sensing Riflescope - 2-10x42mm 5004 has been created to be the ultimate ... the Steiner 2-10x42mm GS3 Riflescope. Steiner Heritage Warranty Steiner 5004: 2-10X42mm S-1 Reticle 30mm ... Riflescope, BLK Specifications for Steiner 2-10x42mm Riflescope - GS3: Magnification: 2x-10x ... construction you can trust to stand up to any cold or wet condition. Package Contents: Steiner GS3 Game Sensing Riflescope - 2-10x42mm 5004 ... has a 5x zoom range that lets hunters from eastern whitetail country to western big game ranges ... 52 / 10.5 Eye Relief (mm): 3.5 - 4.25 Exit Pupil (mm): 16.8 - 4.2 Length: 13.5 Weight (oz.): ... Transmission Coatings Warranty: Heritage Warranty Features of Steiner GS3 Riflescope: 5x Zoom Range...
Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x42mm Monocular
a Legend in the palm of your hand: the Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x42 RainGuard HD Monocular. ... Bushnell 191142: Legend Ultra HD 10x42mm Spotting Scope, Black, No Reticle Bushnell 191144: Legend Ultra HD ... 10x42mm Spotting Scope, Tactical Edition w/ Tan Finish & Mil-Hash Reticle Specifications ... as a handheld monocular or a tripod-mounted spotting scope Package Contents: Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x42mm Monocular ... Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x42mm Monocular packs all the features of the popular Legend Ultra HD ... The Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x Spotting Scope is 100% waterproof and fog proof, allowing you to take ... for Bushnell Legend Ultra HD 10x42mm Fully Multi-Coated Monocular: Magnification: 10x Lens Coating:...
Weaver 2-10 x 42 mm Super Slam Scope
Weaver 2-10 x 42mm Super Slam Scope on sale and available from our online store. OpticsPlanet, Inc ... and shooter. Specifications for Weaver Super Slam 2-10 x 42 Scope: Description: 2-10 x 42 Exit Pupil ... 100 yds/m @ 100m: 240 Weight (oz./g): 23.0/650 Package Contents: Weaver Super Slam 2-10 x 42 ... is an Authorized US Distributor for Weaver Riflescopes. A New Look at Premium Performance Welcome ... the strict standards of the legendary Weaver name, the new Super Slam scopes are loaded with all the latest ... be impressed with this new line of premier riflescopes designed for the serious big game hunter ... (mm): 10.53/3.82 Field of View ft @ 100 yds/m @ 100m: 49.45/9.9 Eye Relief (in./mm): 4.09/3.94...
Starts at $426.49
Alpen Wings ED Glass 10x42 Waterproof Binoculars
Alpen Wings ED 10x42 Binocular 595 feature pristine optics in an easy to hold design. The Wings ED ... 10x42 Binoculars from Alpen have superior visual quality thanks to BAK4 glass, fully multi-coated ... Binoculars offer unmatched performance, with ED glass optics of the Wings ED 10x42 binoculars series. ... Wings 10 x 42 E D Binoculars: BAK4 glass for clear, bright and crisp images. Fully multi-coated ... handling. Alpen 10 x 42 Wings ED Binoculars available models: Model 595: Alpen Wings 10x42ED Binoculars ... in color fidelity and contrast in all light conditions. Specifications for Alpen Wings 10x42mm ED ... Binoculars 595: Item Number: 595 Description: 10x42ED Magnification: 10X Objective Lens Diameter:...
Tasco Target/Varmint 2.5-10x42mm Riflescope Black Matte Illuminated Mil Dot Reticle, TG21042I
Tasco Target/Varmint 2.5-10x42mm Riflescope with Illuminated Mil Dot Reticle is an outstanding ... than your zeroed distance. Specifications for Tasco TargetVarmint 2.5-10x 42mm Black Matte Scope ... Target-Varmint 2.5-10 x42 mm Riflescope Black Matte Illuminated Mil Dot Reticle, TG21042I ... Pupil: 16.8mm at 2.5x / 42.mm at 10x Lens Coating: SuperCon/multi-layered, fully coated Focus ... with Illuminated MilDot Reticle: Magnification: 2.5-10x Field-of-View: 35-9ft. at 100 yards Exit ... performer at intermediate and long ranges with an extra large 42mm objective lens. This Tasco ... riflescope features a Illuminated Mil-Dot reticle. Tasco 's top-of-the-line riflescope delivers superior...
Barska 2.5-10x42 IR Designator Riflescope w/ Built-in Red Laser
The Barska 2.5-10x42 Designator IR Riflescope offers outstanding performance, impressive features ... and shockproof. The Barska 2.5-10x42 Designator IR Riflescope w/ Built-in 5mW Red Laser includes ... Scope Caps and a One Year Warranty. Specifications for Barska 2.5-10x42mm IR Designator Riflescope: ... Magnification: 2.5-10x Objective Lens: 42mm Reticle: IR Designator Finish: Black Matte ... Contents: Barska 2.5-10x42 IR Designator Riflescope w/ Built-in Laser AC11418 Scope caps ... and rugged construction making them an unbeatable value. The Barska 2.5-10x42mm Designator IR ... Included Accessories: Scope Caps Warranty: Manufacturer 1 Year Limited Features of Barska 2.5-10x...
Sightron SII 6-24x42mm Big Sky Riflescope with ZACT-7 Revcoat Multi-Coating
Sightron SII 6-24x42mm Big Sky Riflescope with ZACT-7 Revcoat Multi-Coating SIIB62442D on sale ... Specifications for Sightron SII 6-24x42mm Big Sky Riflescope with ZACT-7 Revcoat Multi-Coating ... SIIB62442D: MAGNIFICATION: 6-24X OBJECTIVE DIAMETER (MM): 42 F.O.V. FT. @100 YARDS: ... Riflescopes store section. In addition to Sightron SII 6-24x42 Big Sky Riflescope with ZACT-7 ... Type (Resetable) ADJUSTABLE OBJECTIVE: Yes (10 yards to Infinity) CLICK VALUE (M.O ... FULLY MULTI-COATED: Yes (Zact-7TM 7-Layer) LENS COVER INCLUDED: Yes Scope Dimensions ... * all measurements in inches (IN) A: 15.04 B: 6.14 C: 2.76 D: 1.97 E: 3.43...


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26 U.S. Code § 128 - Repealed.
Section, added and amended Pub. L. 97–34, title III, §§ 301(a), 302 (a), (d)(1),Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 267, 270, 274; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §§ 103(a)(1), (5), (b), 109,Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2374, 2375, 2391; Pub. L. 98–21, title I, §§ 121(f)(2), (g), 122 (c)(3), (d),Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 84, 87; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 16(a),July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 505, related to interest on certain savings certificates.
Savings Provision
For provisions that nothing in repeal by Pub. L. 101–508be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) ofPub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
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Kids from across eastern North Carolina spent Saturday competing against each other with robotic Legos.
South Central High School hosted its inaugural First Lego League Tournament.
More than 150 kids in 6th – 9th grade enjoyed the all day event. Teams spent the morning tweaking and test running their Lego robots through the practice fields. Then in the afternoon the teams took to the stage to go head –to-head against each other.
Pitt Pirates First Robotic Competition Coach, Bill McClung, says this tournament allows students to apply their skills in a fun environment.
"This is a great way to get them involved. They are building things, they are solving problems, doing all the things that scientists do," said McClung.
The event was sponsored by Sharp Pursuits which is an operational partner run through North Carolina A&T University's College of Engineering. Tournament Director Shakera Mikell travels the state conducting these tournaments.
"I have plenty of buttons from kids who tell me about their group and organization; so, they are very excited. You see kids really excited about math, science, robots, Legos, and it's all incorporated into one. It's like sports for kids who love math. "
Eleven teams from as far as Wake County competed in the tournament on Saturday.
Event organizers hope to make this an annual event.
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Acute sinusitis in adults. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed.ebscohost.com/about/about-us. Updated June 10, 2013. Accessed August 26, 2013.
De Sutter A, Lemiengre M, et al. Predicting prognosis and effect of antibiotic treatment in rhinosinusitis.
Ann Fam Med.
Gosepath J, Mann WJ. Current concepts in therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec.
Pichichero ME, Brixner DI. A review of recommended antibiotic therapies with impact on outcomes in acute otitis media and acute bacterial sinusitis.
Am J Manag Care.
Sinusitis. American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology website. Available at:
http://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/sinusitis.aspx. Accessed August 26, 2013.
Sinusitis. American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery website. Available at:
http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/Sinusitis.cfm. Accessed August 26, 2013.
Slavin RG, Spector SL, et al. The diagnosis and management of sinusitis: a practice parameter update.
J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Vining EM. Evolution of medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Ann Otol Rhinol Largngol Suppl.
1/10/2008 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance https://dynamed.ebscohost.com/about/about-us: Williamson IG, Rumsby K, et al. Antibiotics and topical nasal steroid for treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Robert Nelson on BookTalks debates Christian Felber on Economics as Religion
Recorded: Wednesday, July 30, 2014
Economist Tomás Sedláček hosts a BookTalks debate with Institute Senior Fellow and economist Robert Nelson and guests from fields of theology, philosophy and economics.
Nelson is author of The New Holy Wars: Economic Religion vs. Environmental Religion in Contemporary America.
Experts: Robert H. NelsonType: TelevisionIssues: Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics, Religion
Waco, Twenty Years LaterWhat Statism Is All About
Recorded: Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Twenty years ago, Americans witnessed the greatest law enforcement atrocity in modern U.S history. On February 28th, 1993, the ATF raided the Branch Davidian home in Waco, Texas. The stand-off finally ended 51 days later, on April 19th, after the building went up in flames, killing 70 civilians including more than 20 children. Reflections by Independent Institute Research Fellow Anthony Gregory.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Law Enforcement, Religion
John C. Goodman on FOX & Friends
Recorded: Friday, June 22, 2012
Research Fellow John C. Goodman, author of Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis, joins FOX & Friends to speak on competitve healthcare and the pending U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Affordable Care Act.
Experts: John C. GoodmanType: TelevisionIssues: Free Market Economics, Health Care, Litigation
Benjamin Powell on New Financial Regulations
Recorded: Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Benjamin Powell, Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute, speaks on Fox Business Network's Freedom Watch on regulations in the financial marketplace.
Experts: Benjamin W. PowellType: TelevisionIssues: Banking and Finance, Religion
Economic Religion vs. Environmental Religion in America
Recorded: Thursday, October 7, 2010
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Experts: Steven F. Hayward, Robert H. Nelson, Max L. Stackhouse, Alexander T. TabarrokType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Environment, Regulation and Deregulation, Religion
Stephen P. Halbrook in Sotomayor Confirmation Hearing
Recorded: Thursday, July 16, 2009
Stephen P. Halbrook testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee against the confirmation of Judge Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control, Litigation
Dominick T. Armentano on Antitrust and Monopoly
Recorded: Wednesday, July 13, 1983
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Dominick T. Armentano speaks with congressman Ron Paul and host Roger Ream in this vintage 1983 video clip about antitrust and monopoly in America.
Experts: Dominick T. ArmentanoType: Other EventIssues: Antitrust, Competition, and Monopoly, Business, Religion


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Shower-Safe Radiant Heating. WarmWire floor heat cable makes it easy to incorporate radiant heat into a kitchen or bath: You simply tape cable straps to each side of the subfloor, weave the cable between the straps, and cover with a cement-based or gypsum-based mortar. The cable can be installed in spaces as small as a powder room and is approved for use in showers; a stainless steel jacket and clear urethane outer layer protect against punctures and moisture intrusion. It costs about $8 per square foot. Watts SunTouch, 888/432-8932, suntouch.com
Radiant Heating
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Thicker headers and side rails, foam-filled channels, and dual perimeter seals improve...
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Well it was a back and forth matchup all season long but it's finally come to a close. With Cleveland's 7-6 victory yesterday, the Tigers and Indians put an end to a very eventful 18 matchups this season, Cleveland coming out ahead with victories in 10 out of the 18.
And this last one was just as eventful as any.
The Tigers struck first, getting two early runs off Ubaldo Jimenez, but Cleveland came back, building a 5-3 lead after 6. The Tigers lost Jim Leyland early in the fifth, one of his customary arguments with the umpire crew, and then an inning later, Alex Avila and Prince Fielder collided going for a foul ball (Avila's been scratched from today's matchup with a jaw injury from the incident). Then there was a brief reversal of fortune for Detroit in the seventh, when the Tigers took a 6-5 lead behind a 3-run slam by Miguel Cabrera, his 38th of the year. The lead would last until the ninth, when Jose Valverde just completely blew up, only recording one out, while walking two, and giving up three hits, including Lonnie Chisenhall's game-ending RBI-single.
The Indians started their season series against the Tigers strong, winning the first five matchups and seven of the first nine. But then Detroit struck back with a sweep in early August. Cleveland regained the momentum by winning two out of three in Detroit a couple weeks ago, then Detroit took hold of this past weekend's series winning the first two games, but weren't able to capture the sweep to tie the season series at 9 a piece.
With Chicago's win yesterday, the Tigers now sit two games back in the AL Central and today, the two teams will go head-to-head for the last time this season, playing a makeup game in Chicago this afternoon, Doug Fister facing Jose Quintana. After this series, the Tigers have three games against the Athletics, then close their season with 13 games against Kansas City and Minnesota. I'd say that things couldn't look much more positive for Detroit schedule-wise, but they have a long history of failing to beat both of these teams when they really need to. The White Sox have things a bit harder with series against the Angels and Rays around the corner.
Indians Beat Tigers 7-6 With Late Rally
Indians Rally in 9th to Bury Tigers
9/17/12 in MLB | Andrew_Ericksen | 230 respect


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Posted by: John Shryock - bio | emailMONTGOMERY, AL (WSFA) - This is a story of Amanda Wise and 8-year old Drew Dansavage. The simple act of guiding a special needs child brings the kind of joy Wise never thought was possible.
"I'm lucky that I have a job that I love," said Wise.
A love borne out of two devastating blows. The sudden loss of her dad, the athletic director at Highland Home school and not long after, the abrupt lay-off from her job of two years in Montgomery.
"It was a big blow," she said.
Moments of clarity during her darkest hour.
"My past disappointments don't compare to how happy I am right now, although I miss my dad very much,' said Wise.
Calling it a blessing in disguise, Wise says the lay-off pushed her into what she's always wanted to do, work with children with special needs, turning profound disappointments and sadness into positives, lessons in character passed down from home.
"My dad always motivated me and I never heard him complain about his job. He got up everyday and looked forward to going to work," said Wise.
At Prattville Elementary School, Wise is an assistant, assisting not only the teachers but the very people who need it the most. Wise works with about 5 special needs children everyday.
"Something they can't do like turn pages, not able to get their snacks out of their lunchbox," Wise said.
Amanda Wise is quick to say this is not all about her making a difference with special needs children at Prattville Elementary. She is more than willing to spread the wealth.
"I'm not the only one that does that here. Without all of us it would be kind of hard for very everyone," Wise said.
While working the children Wise is also wrapping up college. She's a year away from graduating and becoming a special education teacher herself.
Amanda Wise, making a difference with children like Drew in the halls of learning.
©2009 WSFA. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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