text:
If New York mayor Michael Bloomberg has his way, this 20-ounce bottle of Coke would not be allowed anywhere in the five boroughs of the city.
In a City Hall briefing yesterday, Bloomberg proposed a ban on sales of all sugary drinks — from sodas, to coffee beverages to juice cocktails with less than 70% real fruit juice — in any size larger than 16 ounces. This would apply to both cups and bottles.
In New York City, more than half of adults are obese or overweight. About a third of New Yorkers drink one or more sugary drinks a day.
You can read more about the proposed ban — and the strong likelihood of its passage — here.
The Coca-Cola Company released this statement in response:
"The people of New York City are much smarter than the New York City Health Department believes. We are transparent with our consumers. They can see exactly how many calories are in every beverage we serve. We have prominently placed calorie counts on the front of our bottles and cans and in New York City, restaurants already post the calorie content of all their offerings and portion sizes — including soft drinks.
New Yorkers expect and deserve better than this. They can make their own choices about the beverages they purchase. We hope New Yorkers loudly voice their disapproval about this arbitrary mandate."
In our household, we've tried to raise our kids without a lot of sugary drinks around. In fact, we've pretty much gone off soda completely, though my wife can't resist the occasional 12-pack of Diet Coke.
We spend a small fortune on bottles of sparkling water and keep pitchers of roasted barley tea (mugicha) in the fridge during the summer. Our youngest loves orange juice, but we encourage her to mix it with sparkling water.
But a ban? Wow…
May 31st, 2012
11:54 am
Stupid! Land of the free, huh?
May 31st, 2012
12:02 pm
Secondly, how is a 16oz. soft drink stopping obesity? These fat tub of lards in New York will just buy twice as many 16 oz. drinks to compensate for NY taking away their 20 and 32 oz's. This is stupidity on two fronts….one, I agree that while soft drinks are about as unhealthy as they come, they are not the SOLE reason for the obesity epidemic in this country. A combination of poor overall diet and lack of exercise are the reasons. Someone could not drink a single soft drink and weigh 400 lbs. from eating cheetos and fried chicken, and not exercising. I have no idea why they are attacking solely sugary drinks here, but whatever. Secondly, this is once again a classic example of government severely overstepping their bounds and taking away freedom of choice from the consumer, no matter the health issues. Isnt freedom what this country was founded on? Nevermind, that cigarettes and alcohol are still legal in New York last time I checked. Are you going to ban Dorito's next NY?
May 31st, 2012
12:03 pm
Politicians are dangerous when they think the populous is too stupid to decide for themselves.
It's too bad some people enjoy being ruled.
May 31st, 2012
12:07 pm
why dont they just ban fat people
May 31st, 2012
12:10 pm
There is no way this can be legal, the government had no business telling us what we can eat or drink and how big or much we want to consume. Cigarettes do much more harm, why not ban them? Money and lobbiest that's why. Bloomberg is a nut case who wants to tell everyone else how to live. BTW, I don't drink coke, but if I want to it's my damn business!
May 31st, 2012
12:13 pm
Coke will sue the pants off the City of New York, it could be borderline unconstitutional!!!
May 31st, 2012
12:17 pm
Why not just ban HFCS?
May 31st, 2012
12:31 pm
Bloomberg ain't so skinny his own self.
May 31st, 2012
12:57 pm
Ze 17 ounce zoft drink es verboten!
Ze ausorities hav been alerted and zey vill be here zhortly to ensure compliance wis ze rules.
Zu vill not get a zecond varning.
Bloomberg demands obedience now!
May 31st, 2012
12:59 pm
Stupid? Yes. Unconstitutional? Would someone please point to the section of the Constitution that prohibits states and municipalities from legislating for the general health and welfare of its citizens?
May 31st, 2012
1:02 pm
Those know better than the rest of the world New Yorkers, but they need Mr. Mom Bloomberg to tell them what they can and cannot eat or drink……
May 31st, 2012
2:26 pm
John – In response to your comment on "spending a small fortune on bottles of sparkling water" – have you considered a Sodastream? I too am a sparkling water junkie – its the best purchase I made all year – not sure how I ever lived without it.
May 31st, 2012
3:08 pm
Wait, let me get this straight.
Coca-Cola = Prominently displays the calories on the front and back of each can. Possibly banned for sizes under 16oz.
Beer = Not required by law to display nutrition facts. Sold in athletic stadiums where you are sedentary for up to 5 hours. Not banned, and sold in up to 40 ounces bottles designed to be drunk by one person.
May 31st, 2012
3:58 pm
kcc, really? i drink sparkling water with juice and without. ive found an inexpensive brand, but how does the sodastream truly compare cost-wise?
May 31st, 2012
4:56 pm
Hey man..I robbed a bank, what are you in for?
Me? I got busted buying a big gulp…..
May 31st, 2012
5:20 pm
I would just LOVE to see Bloomberg try that manuver here in the South. You thought the War Between the States was bloody!
May 31st, 2012
5:23 pm
now people will just have to buy multiple drinks to get the same amount?
I like the lets ban fat people idea though, seems way more sound.
May 31st, 2012
5:38 pm
No, the fatties usually order the Double Whopper, Supersize fries, and Diet Coke.
May 31st, 2012
5:41 pm
And I thought Donald Trump was the only billionaire moron in the Big Apple. Must be something in the water… err, soda.
May 31st, 2012
5:42 pm
Those fascist better keep their hands off my Chick-fil-a sweet tea!
This is clearly an example of the Nanny State gone wild, but what is a hard to believe is so many people support this type of "Hope and Change".
May 31st, 2012
11:50 pm
Can anyone say UNCONSTITUTIONAL?????
June 1st, 2012
6:53 am
Aj…..I can say unconstitutional. I don't believe it is unconstitutional, just totally wrong. We better wake up as Americans. Our freedoms of choice are being attacked from all sides.
June 1st, 2012
9:11 am
Sawb……It is not only NY that supports this crap. Don't forget Calif, Wisc. & Mass. to name a few.
June 1st, 2012
12:06 pm
This is absolutely stupid. On the other hand, why don't places actually offer SMALL sodas any more? how many restaurants do you go to where you get 75843752645 gallon glasses full of drinks? I know some people want the larger ones, but some of us just don't drink that much. It's just another way for places to charge $2.50+ for drinks and if you don't drink it all, too bad! And then there are those places that want you to pay that much – but they offer free refills. I just want a SMALL Coke, thank you. And my buddy here, wants a 32 oz. Coke. Just give us what we want!!
June 1st, 2012
12:33 pm
"Stupid? Yes. Unconstitutional? Would someone please point to the section of the Constitution that prohibits states and municipalities from legislating for the general health and welfare of its citizens?"
why not Cigarettes and Alcohol omg
June 1st, 2012
1:15 pm
I don't see the point of the regulation in NYC, however I commend the effort (if a bit shortsighted) to get people to make better choices for their health. Our society is quickly becoming that of the residents inside the spaceship in "WALL-E".
June 1st, 2012
6:13 pm
Edward…….no elected oficial should dictate what their citizens should do, legally. Now if the AMA says the same thing, which I believe they have, it is time to listen. Bloomberg needs to make sure there are plenty of cops, the trash is picked up and the pot-holes are filled in. It work great for Richard J. Daley in Chicago. To much ego for Bloomberg to be just a good mayor, he needs to be in the spotlight. He is a very dangerous man.
June 1st, 2012
8:35 pm
Dangerous? Really? Trump's hair is more dangerous.
June 2nd, 2012
7:33 am
Edward………..That comment from you sounds about right. Last time I looked, Trump was not an elected official. "Bloomberb Yankees" are in fact dangerous.
June 2nd, 2012
3:33 pm
Starbucks probably is a bigger contributer to obesity than the drinks. That is not to say that Coke has problems with its drinks being a noncontributor to the obesity issue. People in this country don't exercise enough to justify their daily caloric intake.
June 3rd, 2012
11:18 am
Yes, absolutely unconstitutional. Is Coke illegal? Is any substance in Coke banned by the FDA? Does Coke contain an addictive (harmful) substance? No sugar has not been found by the FDA as an addictive (harmful) substance and is absurdly widespread throughout most processed foods. You can not prohibit a licensed retail seller from selling a 1,000 piece pack of Juicy Fruit. Same if I wanted to sell a 900 oz. Coke. But why in the hell would you buy it? It's your choice as an individual if you wanna have little to zero willpower and consume every piece of fat and sugar you can get your hands on. In most cases it's nothing more than excuses and weakness. I feel sorry for those who can't work out and eat right most of the time with some reward meals now and then. But hey, that's their own big, round, wobbly choice and it's not my place or the governments right or place to tell them what legal, approved food or drink they consume. How about Triple Cheeseburgers with bacon? Way worse than a 20oz. Coke. Dude give me a break, get this clown out of office please. Like someone above mentioned, try that nonsense in Texas and you'll lose your support immediately and office as fast as the next vote.
June 3rd, 2012
12:05 pm
Good god, please stop tossing out the "unconstitutional" crap. If NYC wants to ban large drinks, it may be silly and ineffectual, but it is NOT unconstitutional. I'm sick to death of seeing every freakin' issue being labeled inappropriately with that tag. It is now like the "racism" claim, it has become so erroneously overused it now has no validity anymore. Like "crying wolf".
Obviously, the people of NYC like Bloomberg, they reelect him. You don't like that? Don't go to NYC. Otherwise, your opinion is pointless.
June 4th, 2012
12:47 am
IT is ALL about the MONEY. NOT OBESITY!!
If a 16 oz drink cost $1.00 and a 32 oz drink cost less than $2.00
THEN buying 2 16oz drinks WILL RESULT in Higher Sales Taxes being Collected
by NYC. The grand total will be extra Millions of Dollars being paid by the Suckers of NYC.
June 4th, 2012
7:53 am
Edward…….now you are right! If you don't like what happens in NYC, don't go! those folks like Bloomberg. They get what they vote for. I don't see this spreading outside of Manhatten!
June 5th, 2012
8:51 am
Why do us skinny people have to be punished because fat people don't know how to stop?
June 5th, 2012
8:58 am
Easy answer about being unconstitutional. The consitution is mean to protect our rights from OTHERS, NOT OURSELVES. The ONLY way this law can be enforced is by FORCE. Using FORCE to prevent people buying 20 oz instead of 16 IS unconsitutional. The Governmnet does not have the authority to create a law that uses FORCE against its citizens for doing something they FEEL is GOOD FOR THEM. The Constitution is NOT a set of rules that state the Government can do ANYTHING it wishes unless FORBIDDEN by the consitution. IF the Constitution doesn't specifically GIVE the authority to Government, then the Governmnet has no business doing it.And NOTHING in the Consitution GIVES them the AUTHROTY to impose this law by the use of force.
June 5th, 2012
11:55 am
[...] a ban on all sugary drinks over 16 ounces. This ban includes pop and coffee! Read about it here. There are several things that make this proposed law absurd and I will try to address them point [...]


text:
Every time the McEachern boys basketball team tried to make a game of it Friday night, fourth-ranked North Cobb had an answer.
None was more decisive than a 16-0 run in the second quarter that turned a 16-11 deficit into a 27-16 lead and sparked the Warriors to a 65-61 victory to remain in first place in Region 4-AAAAAA.
Lee Moore scored 13 of North Cobb's 16 second-quarter points, including six straight in the first 2:15 of the quarter that gave the Warriors the lead for good at 17-16. Moore finished with a game-high 23 points.
The only thing that prevented McEachern from being shut out in the quarter was Logan McIntosh's 3-pointer as the horn sounded for halftime, cutting the lead to 27-19.
"We pride ourselves on our defense," North Cobb coach Terry Gorsuch said. "It would've been nice to get that [second-quarter shutout]. But that's one way to win ballgames is to play good defense. We did that pretty well in the second quarter."
North Cobb (12-3, 7-1) also had two scoring runs in the second half to hold McEachern at bay.
The Indians closed the gap to 32-30 on an inside shot by Freddy Brown with 3:56 to play in the third quarter, but North Cobb outscored McEachern 7-0 in less than a minute to stretch the lead back to 39-30.
The Warriors still led 47-39 entering the fourth quarter, but two shots from close range by Jalil Braxton brought McEachern (8-8, 4-5) back again at 47-43 with 5:58 left. That's when North Cobb took control for good, outscoring the Indians 9-2 over the next three minutes to push the lead back to 56-45. North Cobb led by 10 in the final minute before McIntosh made two of his five 3-pointers to make the final score close.
"We're glad to get a region win," Gorsuch said. "McEachern had a big win Tuesday night, so we knew they were going to come ready to play. It's good to beat McEachern here on the road."
North Cobb's Jordan Neff, a 6-foot-7 senior center, was back in the lineup for the first time since suffering a leg injury during a holiday tournament in late December. He finished with 12 points, four rebounds and three blocked shots.
"That's what our plan was, to kinda work him back in, play him just a couple of minutes here and there to see how he does," Gorsuch said. "Obviously with McEachern's big man, we needed him in there, at crunch time for sure. He was able to play some good minutes for us, so hopefully his progress will continue."
North Cobb also got 12 points from Saxon Steele. Braxton had 19 points, Brown had 16 and McIntosh scored 15 to lead McEachern.
North Cobb (65): Young-Coleman 8, Moore 23, J. Beausejour 8, Neff 12, Steele 12, Woodard 2, Williams, Everage, Cotton, Jordan, D. Beausejour, Afolabi.
McEachern (61): Adeboye 4, Brown 16, McIntosh 15, Braxton 19, Patterson 3, Castor 4, Clemons, Lewis, Williams, Jones.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Grid is 1 inch square
RepairClinic Item #1938614
Water inlet valve kit. *Per manufacturer Customer- connect portion of water valve now sold separately. See Related Item.
Whirlpool (OEM) Part #W10408179
Order now and this item will ship out tomorrow
Water Inlet Valve - Whirlpool Refrigerator
Water Inlet Valve Testing
Refrigerator Maintenance Tips


text:
earthquake vs. heavy walking
Living in such a seismic time paranoia starts to develop for every little shake you feel. With that said, I work on the 2nd floor of a 2-story building. One of the people who sits by me has such a heavy foot. I mean my desk literally shakes each time she walks. How can someone walk THAT heavily? Geeesssss! I don't mean to be mean, but I'm getting PARANOID!


text:
Morgantown Care and Rehab
206 S. Warren Street
Morgantown, KY 42261
Main Contact: Shirley Allen
Phone: (270) 526-3368
Website: www.signaturehealthcarellc.com
Service Area: Morgantown, KY
Hours: 24 hours a day/7 days a week
Cost: N/A
Service Description: This 169-bed skilled nursing facility offers a variety of comprehensive programs and services such as in-patient and out-patient therapy, Rehab to Home Program, Quality of Life activities program, Chaplain Program, and a secure unit for dementia care. The facility has a tremendous volunteer base that offers extensive socialization opportunities for the residents. Morgantown's friendly staff is dedicated in helping each resident reach their goals and achieve the highest level of functioning.
If your nonprofit agency or organization would like to update your information, please contact the ALIVE Center at 270-782-0082 or email us at email@example.com.
If your nonprofit agency or organization would like include your information in our directory, please complete the human service directory blank form, and return it to the ALIVE Center or email it to email@example.com.
We ask that any nonprofit, civic organization or WKU department using our meeting space, complete the form before reserving a room.


text:
Louisville Slugger® Natural Ash Wood Bat - 34"
by Louisville Slugger | Item #: 255686 |
Louisville Slugger is offering Major League quality wood to non-professional players.
For the first time ever, Louisville Slugger® is offering Major League quality wood to non-professional players. It's your chance to get the exact MLB quality wood, finish and turning model as Ken Griffey, Jr., Prince Fielder, Derek Jeter, and Ivan Rodriguez.
- Natural Wood: Northern White Ash
- 15/16" handle
- Cupped end
- 34" length
Assembled Country
Component Country
Ask & Answer
Warranty InformationEvery item is guaranteed to be free of defects in workmanship or materials for one year from the original date of delivery when installed and maintained properly. We agree to repair or replace without charge, at our choice, any product judged defective for either of these reasons and to return the item (or its replacement) freight prepaid. Products that do not have a special guarantee carry up to a one-year guarantee which is honored only when the product is inspected and found to have experienced normal use. For additional warranty information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
There is no additional information available for this item.


text:
They sailed from Vermont on a barge named for the Roman goddess of grain: a boat-building farmer, his intern first mate, and a captain whose initial impression of the vessel threatened to sink the entire voyage.
"[I thought:] Oh, my god," Captain Steve Schwartz said. "I can't possibly have made this mistake."
They sailed from lake to canal to river, aiming all the while for the ocean, not to chart those waterways or to plunder their ports, but instead to use open sails of canvas to close sales of pickled carrots, artisanal French nougat and more than 100 other products grown or made on small Northeastern farms.
"With all the waterside ruin that followed Sandy," project director Erik Andrus said, "people are really ready in this region to look to the water in a whole new light."
Andrus dreamed up this voyage -- sailing 15 tons of non-perishables 330 miles from Lake Champlain to Brooklyn -- both to help farmers reach new markets and to promote an ancient means of travel not reliant on fossil fuels.
"There's something about the arrival of a sail boat," Andrus said, "especially a large, working sail boat with masts and timbers and ropes, that's exciting."
"I still think he's a crazed lunatic," Schwartz said jokingly of Andrus, "and he somehow sucked me into this."
Navigating from hamlet to hamlet along the Hudson has so far proved a pleasure cruise for the Ceres and her crew. But the currents and tugs, freighters and ferries of New York Harbor provide more upcoming challenges than any homemade barge should have to face.
"The funky old boat from Vermont," Schwartz said, "you know, a bunch of Vermont farmers sailing a barge of vegetables in the middle of New York Harbor is kind of intriguing."
The American theologian William Shedd wrote: "A ship is safe in harbor, but that's not what ships are for." Indeed, if you asked the crew of the Ceres, they would tell you: A ship is for transporting eight different kinds of syrup to the good people of New York with minimal impact on the environment.


text:
Home / Location / Taormina Public Gardens
Taormina Public Gardens: The stunning Taormina botanical gardens at a few blocks from Hotel Villa Carlotta, an oasis of peace.
The city gardens, named after the Duke of Cesarò who was a representative of Taormina's constituency when they were made, were donated by the Cacciola-Trevelyan family during the 192o's. Inside, there is a thick vegetation and a typically Mediterranean array of hedges and flower-beds with cobbled paths which lengthwise connect the almost three hectares of park. An avenue lined with olive-trees in memory of the fallen during various wars runs among precious trees of various species, some of which are rare and extraordinarily beautiful. In the centre and on the north-east end of the gardens, there are some characteristic pagoda-style towers with arabesque designs, made of bricks and edged with lavic pumice-stone.Florence Trevelyan, an English nobelwoman, had these towers built so as to study the birds since the was a keen ornithologist. Relics from the two World Wars are on show in a few clearings and a war monument to the fallen can be seen near the natural "Teatro di Verzura" (Greenery Theatre).


text:
Ben Flajnik is heading for heartbreak if he proposes to Courtney Robertson over Lindzi Cox during the March 12 season finale of The Bachelor. Former Bachelorette winner Jesse Csincsak believes that Ben and Courtney will definitely break up -- and that even if the couple gets back together for a few weeks, they will never make it down the aisle.
""I'd assume they'd break up in weeks after filming ending,"" Jesse tells Hollywood.com. ""I see this as what you saw with Courtney giving her apology out [at the Women Tell All]. They will never be together. They will go outside, she will get in her limo, he's going to get in a separate limo and drive away. This was a TV fling.""
Courtney wasn't interested in finding love when she signed on to do the show. ""She was on the show to get famous and build her career,"" explains Jesse.
But Courtney played the part so well that Ben fell madly in love with her. Sadly, Courtney didn't -- and still doesn't -- return Ben's affection. ""She didn't fall in love with him,"" says Jesse. ""She's trying to be an actress.""
Plus, the couple's nuptials would be more about money than love if they actually did tie the knot. ""They want you to get married,"" Jesse reveals. ""The relationship becomes a job. It's not about love anymore. If you don't have time to be alone and be in love, it's not going to work.""
So if Ben does in fact choose Courtney, Jesse predicts that their relationship will end in ""six months"" or less. There ""isn't a chance"" that they will ever get married.
Remember to follow @Hollywood_com on Twitter all night. We'll be live-tweeting the finale and After the Rose show!
(Photo credit: INF)


text:
Rush may be getting enshrined in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April, but the Canadian rockers by no means are resting on their laurels. The power trio has just scheduled a new set of North American tour dates in support of its 2012 concept album, Clockwork Angels .
The initial series of shows kicks off in Austin, Texas, on April 23 -- just five days after the Rock Hall induction ceremony -- and is scheduled through a May 11 concert in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Then, after Rush returns from its previously announced late-spring European trek, the band will mount a second 2013 North American leg that will run from June into August. While specific dates for this part of the outing have yet to be revealed, among the cities the rockers will visit will be Hershey, Pennsylvania; Wantagh and Saratoga, New York; Chicago; Cincinnati; Milwaukee; Boston; Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City; Denver; Kansas City, Missouri; Grand Rapids, Michigan; and Calgary, Vancouver and Halifax, Canada.
Tickets for select shows will go on sale to the general public this Monday via at Ticketmaster.com and LiveNation.com. Citi credit card members will be able to purchase pre-sale tickets to some concerts starting on Wednesday. Visit CitiPrivatePass.com for more details.
Here are all of Rush's confirmed North American tour dates:
4/23 -- Austin, TX, Frank Erwin Center
4/26 -- Ft. Lauderdale, FL, BB&T Center
4/28 -- Orlando, FL, Amway Center
5/1 -- Nashville, TN, Bridgestone Arena
5/3 -- Raleigh, NC, PNC Arena
5/5 -- Virginia Beach, VA, Farm Bureau Live at Virginia Beach
5/7 -- Baltimore, MD, 1st Mariner Arena
5/9 -- Uncasville, CT, Mohegan Sun
5/11 -- Atlantic City, NJ, Etess Arena
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


text:
WAUSAU, Wis. (WSAU) – Wausau emergency services will be going through a controlled burn this morning on the east side of town.
That training will start this morning at 7am the 800 block of Chicago Avenue. The property is a blighted house that already has previous fire damage, according to battalion chief Paul Czarapata. "It's since been vacant and it's blighted and not something people want to live next to." The owner of the house has recently agreed to let the city demolish it, and they'll be doing so through the fire.
A number of different city departments will be taking part in the bun today, primarily the police and fire departments. Czarapata says other departments help out as well. "We work with community development when they work with blight clean up and acquiring the properties." The department of public works will also be on hand to help ensure water safety and to do final demolition once the building has been burnt down.
Traffic on 9th Street from Bridge Street to Chicago Avenue and on Chicago Avenue from 8th Street to 9th Street will be closed will be closed until 2 pm today while the city completes the burn.


text:
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text:
Congratulations to Florent Bodart aka speakerine on his Mixed Media design challenge win! Since it was Mixed Media, Kyle and Jeff took a non-traditional route and wrote the questions in…. condiments! This included soy sauce (who writes in soy sauce?), mustard, strawberry jam, ketchup, and honey! We hope you guys enjoy our tasty interview!
Hi! I'm a half French half Dutch graphic electro carpenter designer. I love beautiful things (and cats).
I was with my girlfriend when I learned of the win. We did a dance of joy! I couldn't believe it. I still can't believe any time I receive a "You won!" mail. I have to read it twice.
The hardest part about doing my Mixed Media design was choosing elements that fit together. Arranging the tapes and records was hard too. I think I must have restarted 10 or 15 times before I was satisfied with the composition.
I began by selecting objects that went with the idea of "data" at home (old tapes, records, floppy disks…) and took photos of them. I collected pictures of data storages and browsed commons medias websites to add in my collection. I retouched them in Photoshop (and faked the trademarks), and printed them in half size of their real scale.
I cut each piece separately, then arranged them on a A2 white sheet (see picture attached). When I was happy with the composition, I glued them, and then took a photo. I took the picture into Photoshop to erase the borders of the paper cuts and correct last details. Then, I added this weird blue on small places. That was really fun to do!
Long live data storage and Threadless!
Thanks Florent! You can pick up Data, as well as other new swag in this week's catalog!


text:
Ramsar site management plans -- Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China
Management Plan of
Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China
Wetlands International-China Program
Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau
Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve
Supported through the
Small Grants Fund of the Ramsar Convention Bureau
Chief of Editorial Board: Chen Kelin
Vice-Chief of Editorial Board: Wu Huasheng
Editors: Chen Kelin, Chen Guizhu, Huang Zhongqi, John Howes, Li Zuowei, Mo Yanni, Wu Huasheng, Wu Tingjie, Yan Chenggao, Yun Daxing, Zheng Xinren
Chapter 1. General Information
1.1 Biogeographical Province of Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
1.2 Climatic and Geographic Conditions
1.3 Biological resources
1.4 Conservation status
1.5 Institutional framework
1.6 Scientific research
1.7 Economic status of local communities
1.8 Public education and tourism
1.9 International cooperation and exchange
Chapter 2. Evaluation and Goals
2.1 Evaluation indicators
2.2 Management goals
2.3 Factors influencing the achievement of long term management goals
2.4 Short term operational goals
Chapter 3. Management Scenarios
To maintain and enhance mangrove ecosystems and natural resources
To maintain and enhance conservation of biodiversity and important species
To promote awareness building and public education
To maintain and enhance protection and wise use of the mudflat resources
To maintain water resources and control pollutants
4.1 Budget
4.2 Funding sources
4.3 Project benefits and risk assessment
4.4 Sustainable development of nature reserve
Chapter 5. Review and Modification
Appendix 1. Timetable for implementation of the Dongzhaigang management plan
Appendix 2. The list of mangrove species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 3. The list of Bird species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 4. The list of Fish species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 5. The list of Benthos species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 6. The list of Butterfly species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 7. The list of mammal species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Appendix 8. The list of Amphibians and Reptiles species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
Mangroves are a unique woody plant community of inter-tidal coasts in the tropical and sub-tropical zones. Due to their unique physiology and ecology, mangroves provide optimal breeding areas for many kinds of fish and shrimps, as well as feeding habitats for resident and migrant water birds. Furthermore, mangroves protect fresh water resources against salt water intrusion, they protect the land from eroding waves and winds and stabilize the coastal land. The mangroves can be considered as a natural barrier protecting the lives and property of coastal communities from the frequent typhoons occurring in southern China.
General speaking, mangroves are distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical zones between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn with the Malaysian and Indonesian region supporting the most diverse mangrove communities in the world. Mangroves also naturally occur in China where they reach almost their northern-most limits in the southern provinces of Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan. Dongzhaigang in north-east Hainan province is one of China's main concentrations of mangroves with a wide variety of naturally occurring and introduced species in relatively well preserved forests. The mangroves at Dongzhaigang are therefore of high value in terms of conservation, research and tourism.
In order to protect the mangrove resources of Dongzhaigang, the Peoples Government officially established Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve on January 3rd 1980. Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve was the first mangrove nature reserve in China and has since been promoted to a national level (National Nature Reserve status) by State Council in July 1986. China ratified the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (The Ramsar Convention) in 1992 and recognizing the international importance of the mangrove and inter-tidal ecosystem at Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve nominated the area as one of its first six Ramsar sites. Since its establishment nearly 20 years ago the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve has undertaken a lot of management and research work in the fields of water bird protection and mangrove ecosystem management. The area has therefore played an important role in fulfilling China's obligations to conserve and manage its wetlands under the Ramsar Convention.
With the aim to enhance the protection and management of mangrove resources at Dongzhaigang, the experts of Wetlands International in collaboration with counterparts from the Hainan Forestry Bureau conducted a field visit to Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in 1997. As a result of this visit, a project proposal entitled "Preparation of a Management Plan for Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan Province" was formulated and submitted to the State Forestry Administration, SFA (formerly the Ministry of Forestry, MOF). SFA submitted this proposal to the Small Grants Fund of the Ramsar Bureau and was approved by the Standing Committee of Ramsar Convention in late 1997. Following mangrove management workshops and field visits during 1998 and 1999, the following management plan has been developed.
The Management Plan of Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan is based on the management planning guidelines developed by the Ramsar Bureau and consists of four basic components:-
a) Baseline data and an outline of the present situation within the reserve;
b) Conservation assessment and prioritization of current resources leading to a long-term development objective and immediate management objectives;
c) Management scenarios and action plan for implementation;
d) Financial support and planning.
The Management Plan of Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan will provide the Hainan Forestry Bureau and other stakeholders with working guidelines for day-to-day management of the Reserve. It will also provide management and development direction for the longer term. It is not only hoped that the Management Plan will play an active role in development of the reserve but that it will stimulate international organizations such as Wetlands International and the Ramsar Bureau to facilitate further financial and technical assistance to the reserve for implementing the Plan.
Lastly we would like to acknowledge the significant assistance of Mr. Song Chaoshu, Mr. Lin Peng and Mr. Zheng Dezhang during the preparation of the Management Plan.
Chen Kelin (Chief Editor)
Director of Wetlands International-China Programme
Executive Summary
Purpose of the Management Plan
The Management Plan provides both guidelines for management of the reserve and a blue print for directing management, sustainable use and development of resources within the reserve. The main objectives of the Management Plan are to:-
Establish clear targets for management and the operational measures necessary to achieve those targets;
Provide a guide for protection and research in the fields of management and conservation of coastal wetlands/mangroves to ensure that the Reserve is managed effectively and sustainably on a scientific basis;
Promote participation of communities in conservation and wise use of wetlands resources in and around the Reserve;
Strengthen the capacity of managerial staff of the Reserve in terms of organization, management and decision making;
Create the necessary awareness amongst Government decision-makers and donor groups (both domestic and international) to understand the values of Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve and to facilitate necessary funding to realize the objectives of the Reserve.
The overall objective of the Management Plan is to conserve wetland ecosystems and their biodiversity within the National Nature Reserve. This will be achieved through innovative scientific approaches to mangrove and protected area management, integrated development planning, staff capacity development, information exchange and local participation in management of the protected area. The emphasis of the Plan is targeted on increased development of human skills and resources, improvement of field protection, strengthening the management and monitoring systems.
Scope of the Management Plan
The Management Plan describes in detail the boundaries, area, organizational structure, management, research, monitoring, natural resources and socio-economic situation of the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve and provides an analysis of the resources and needs. It also clearly specifies the overall and immediate objectives of management within the Reserve and based on the overall objective and the threats /constraints faced by the reserve, management measures have been identified. A five year action plan (2000-2004) based on necessary management measures and priorities is presented.
Overall Objective of Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve
The overall objective of Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is the long-term conservation and sustainable management of mangrove and inter-tidal ecosystems and resources.
Main Threats and Constraints Faced by the Reserve
The main threats and constraints faced by the reserve are:
Human resource/socio-economic factors:
Insufficient staffing and financial resources;
Inefficient protection system;
Poor working and living conditions within the Nature Reserve discourage staff to live in the reserve long term;
Lack of interpretation and communication facilities;
Protected area management capacity:
Daily intrusions into all zones of the protected area by surrounding communities and inhabitants for fishing and oyster collection resulting in high levels of disturbances to ecosystems and biodiversity (especially water birds);
Lack of an enforced buffer zone leading to direct encroachment into the protected area and destruction of mangroves and other resources for aquaculture pond construction;
Lack of involvement by local communities and other stakeholders into the management of the protected area due to low levels of awareness on the mangrove values of maintaining the reserve and its resources;
Gaps and irregularities in existing data of resources for the Reserve;
Insufficient funds for building infrastructure, undertaking research, creating tourist facilities and conducting public education.
Baseline Description
The Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is located in the north-east sector of Hainan island. The Reserve comprises largely of an estuary with inter-tidal sand- and mudflats and a fringing mangrove forest zone. The focus of Reserve management to date has been on the conservation and regeneration of mangrove, with some research focussed on migratory and wintering bird populations using the inter-tidal sand- and mudflats.
26 "true" mangrove species and 40 "mangrove associate" and "Semi-mangrove" species, accounting for 90% of the total number of the mangrove species recorded in China have been found within the Reserve. Of the 81 species of migratory water bird specified under the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA) 35 species have been recorded within the Reserve. In addition, 75 species of migratory bird specified under the China-Japan Migratory Bird Agreement (CJMBA) have been recorded. Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is therefore one of the most important stop-over sites for migrating water birds and a key link in the conservation of migratory birds of different biological zones.
The Management Plan of the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve identifies five short term operational objectives for management and establishes 15 management targets within these objectives. To meet these targets a total of 30 management activities are identified:
Operational Objective 1: To maintain and enhance mangrove ecosystems and natural resources
Management Target 1.1: To strengthen protection for the mangrove ecosystem:
Activity 1: Identifying and demarcating functional zones of the Nature Reserve and identifying main functions of each zone
Activity 2: Demarcating the reserves boundary and setting up stakes and information signs
Activity 3: Strengthening organization and capacity of management staff
Activity 4: Strengthening Reserve infrastructure
Activity 5: Reinforcement of Reserve management regulations
Activity 6: Establishment of Joint Leading Group to oversee Reserve management
Management Target 1.2: To restore mangrove forest in appropriate areas:
Activity 7: Restoration of mangrove ecosystem
Management Target 1.3: To expand area of mangroves through planting:
Activity 8: Increase area of rare mangrove species
Management Target 1.4: To increase economic benefits within the reserve:
Activity 9: Development of sustainable ecotourism based on mangrove forest resource
Activity 10: Promotion of community development in and around protected area
Management Target 1.5: To strengthen research on mangrove ecosystems:
Activity 11: Undertake applied and targeted research on mangrove ecosystems to benefit Reserve management
Operational Objective 2: To maintain and enhance conservation of biodiversity and important species
Management Target 2.1: To conserve and increase rare or endangered species populations:
Activity 12: Strengthening protection of rare bird species
Activity 13: Increased protection of rare and endangered mangrove species
Activity 14: Protection of endangered mammals
Management Target 2.2: To survey and monitor natural resources:
Activity 15: Baseline survey of resources in the reserve
Activity 16: Establishment of an ecological monitoring programme
Activity 17: Developing a Dongzhaigang Biodiversity Database
Management Target 2.3: To ensure wise use of biological resources in the Reserve:
Activity 18: Wise use of marine and inter-tidal resources
Activity 19: Development of medicinal plant resources
Management Target 2.4: To strengthen applied research into endangered species:
Activity 20: Develop and implement an applied research programme for endangered species conservation
Operational Objective 3: To promote awareness building and public education
Management Target 3.1: To raise public awareness on the values of mangrove and biodiversity:
Activity 21: Increase public education and outreach to local communities
Activity 22: Increase environmental education to local schools and children
Management Target 3.2: To promote environmental awareness through mangrove-based ecotourism:
Activity 23: Promotion of awareness through ecotourism
Management Target 3.3: To strengthen management capacity of Reserve staff:
Activity 24: Strengthening of staff training
Operational Objective 4: To maintain and enhance protection and wise use of the mudflat resources
Activity 25: Scientific planning and management of inter-tidal mudflat resources
Operational Objective 5: To maintain water resources and control pollutants
Activity 26: Controlling point-source of land based pollutants in the Reserve catchment
Activity 27: Controlling potential polluting impacts of tourism
Chapter 1 General Information
1.1 Biogeographical Province of Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve
The Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is located in Dongzhaigang Bay bordering the administrative regions of Qiongshan City and Wenchang City, in north eastern Hainan Province. The area trans-bounds the tropical and sub-tropical zones of southern China and has a correspondingly diverse transitional fauna and flora with the southern sub-tropical species dominant. The transitional climatic and hydrological conditions, specific topographic features (estuarine ecosystems) and its rich biodiversity ensure its global significance as a wetland of international importance. Its relatively large area of mangrove forest and wide inter-tidal sand- and mudflats provide migratory water birds and fish with rich feeding grounds and breeding habitats.
1.2 Climatic and Geographic Conditions
1.2.1 Climate
The Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve has a tropical monsoon marine climate with an average annual rainfall of 1676.4 mm and a mean annual temperature of 23.3-23.8oC. The mean temperature in July is 28.4oC and in January 17.1oC. The rainy season starts in early May and ends in late October. The region is usually affected by typhoons during the summer months.
1.2.2 Hydrology
Four rivers enter into the Dongzhaigang Bay, these are Yanzhou River, Sanjiang River, Yanfeng River and Xi River, with a total water discharge of 700 million cubic meters. During the rainy season, the four rivers carry large amount of silts which are largely deposited within the bay to create the extensive inter-tidal mudflats. It is the mudflats that provide a suitable environment for mangrove growth in this area.
The seawater temperature is high due to the low latitude and warm winter currents that affect the area. Within the Dongzhaigang estuary, the annual mean temperature of the sea water is 25.4 oC, while the highest mean water temperature from the May to July is 31.5 oC and the lowest in January is 17.7 oC.
Salinity within the estuary ranges from 9.31 to 34.4 in different parts of the estuary and at different states of the tide. The salinities in the dry season are higher than those in the rainy season. Mangroves are known to tolerate a wide range of water salinities and can grow in coastal areas and along rivers with salinities between 2.17-34.5.
The Dongzhaigang Estuary has irregular semi-diurnal tides with an average high tide elevation of 2.09 meters and low tide elevation of 1.19 meters. The maximum tidal range is 1.8 meters while the average tidal range is 0.89 meters.
1.2.3 Geology
The bed rock of the Dongzhaigang Estuary has formed over a long geological period and is therefore quite rigid. The estuary has a dense network of tidal canals and a deep soil layer.
1.2.4 Topography
The Dongzhaigang Estuary has an irregular rectangle shape with a south-north orientation. It is the largest bay in Hainan Province with a total area of nearly 100 square kilometers. The estuary is thought to have formed due to subsidence of the coastal zone in northeast Hainan during the Qiongzhou Earthquake of 1605. The estuary forms a nearly closed lagoon having only two narrow channels connected it to the South China Sea in the north. Beigang Island, situated at the mouth between the two channels, is large enough to block the effects of strong storms from the South China Sea. The eastern side of the estuary consists of an alluvial plain and the western side is bordered by low hills.
1.2.5 Soils
The base rocks in this area are mainly basalt and olive basalt and these are the origin of overlying soils. Typical acid red soils have been developed under the sub-tropical and tropical climate. The soil layer is generally between 1 and 1.5 meter thick and the acidity is pH 5-6.The soils under the mangroves are mainly saline marsh soils.
1.3 Biological resources
1.3.1 Flora
The major vegetation community in this area is mangrove and its associated salt-tolerant species termed mangrove associates. Historically Dongzhaigang Estuary was more forested than it is today, in the early 1950s 3,414 ha of mangrove forest was recorded, this was reduced to 1,773 ha by the 1960s and 1970s due to intensive agricultural reclamation and mangrove forestry operations. Through annual replanting programmes and the cessation of logging operations the area of mangrove forest today stands at 2,006 ha.
Dongzhaigang mangrove forest has 26 "true" mangrove species belonging to 12 families, and 40 semi-mangrove and mangrove-associated species belonging to 22 families. The rarer species include Nipa fruticans, Lumnitzera littorea, Sonneratia hainanensis, S. ovata, S. paracaseolaris, Xylocarpus granatum, Rhizophora apiculata and Acrostichum speciosum, of which S. hainanensis is believed to be an endemic species restricted to Hainan Island. In addition, N. fruticans, L. littorea, S. hainanensis, S. paracaseolaris and X. granatum have been listed in the China Plant Red Book (For a comprehensive plant list refer to Appendix 2).
The major mangrove communities are outlined below:
(1) Bruquiera gymnorrhiza community
It appears dark green with a regular crown canopy. The trees are 4-8 meter tall with a diameter at breast height (dbh) of 8-15cm. Mainly distributed in the upper reaches of Sanjiangxi and lower reaches of Yanfengdonghe.
(2) Bruquiera sexangula community
It appears emerald green with a regular crown canopy. The trees are 8-15 meter tall with a dbh of 20-32cm. Mainly distributed in front of Yanfenghe Harbor Village, Longwei Village and Qukouyunlu Village.
(3) Ceriops tagal community
It appears yellow green with a lot of branches. Forms almost a pure single-species forest. The trees are 1-3 meter tall with base diameters of 8-15cm. Large areas of this community are situated to the south of the core area at Tashi and at the river mouth of Yanfengdonghe.
(4) Avicennia marina community
The community appears silver-grey green with trees of between 2-4 meter tall. The base diameter is 10-15cm. A. marina is the main pioneer species found predominantly along the accreting front edge of the mangrove and beside tidal channels. It is a highly adaptable species and the crown can be partly or totally submerged during high tides.
(5) Kandelia candel community
K. candel is a pioneer species which grows along the front edge of the forest in the accretion zone. The community appears yellow green and the trees are 3-4 meter tall with a dbh of 5-10 cm.
(6) Rhizophora stylosa community
R. stylosa is a pioneer species and usually grows along the accreting front edge of the mangroves at the interface with the mudflats. The community appears dark green forming a dense and regular forest. The trees are 2-5 meter tall. It is distributed in the mudflats from the core area Tashi to Dalin.
(7) Nipa fruticans community
It normally grows in the high tidal zones near the mainland. This community is easily identified as it consists of dwarf green palm forest. The palms are 3-4 meter high. It is naturally distributed in the experimental zone near Lonshuyuan Village and Shangyuan Village.
(8) Acrostichum aureum community
A. aureum is a fern that normally grows in the drier landward margins of the mangrove forest. The community appears brown green and is 0.4-1 meter high. It is found at Hegang, Sanjianghe and in the upper reaches of Yanfengdonghe.
(9) Aegiceras corniculatum community
A. corniculatum is another pioneer mangrove species. It sprouts easily and usually grows along the banks of the estuary and on the seaward edge of the mangrove forest, especially in previously cleared mangrove areas. The community appears yellow-green. The shrubs are around 1 meter tall with a regular crown and usually grow in dense clusters.
(10) Lumnitzera racemosa community
This grows only in areas reached by the spring tides. The community appears pale green and the plants are 1-3 meter high with a base diameter of 5-12 centimeters.
(11) Rhizophora stylosa+Ceriops tagal community
This community grows in the mid- to high tidal mudflat. R. stylosa trees are 1.5-3 meter tall with C. tagal forming dense stands of 1-2.5 meter tall.
(12) Ceriops tagal+Aegiceras corniculatum community
This community is restricted to the solid sand clay areas and appears yellow green. The average height of the plants is 1 meter. C. tagal grows densely with a lot of seedlings whilst A. corniculatum is relatively dispersed. This community is distributed in Shatushi and Gongxi.
(13) Sonneratia caseolaris+Kandelia candel community
S. caseolaris has been planted at Dongzhaigang in the low tidal flat areas. After three years the trees are 8-10 meter high with a dbh of 8-20cm. It has dense breathing roots enabling the seeds of K. candel to establish naturally.
The mangrove-associated communities include:
(1) Pandanus tectorius community
This distinctive palm-like plant grows in relatively high areas reached only by the Spring tides. The plants are 3-6 meter high with a dbh of 10-15 cm.
(2) Pogamia pinnata community
P. pinnata forms a deciduous broadleaf forest and grows along the inside edge of the mangrove forest neighboring the mainland. The trees are 2-6 meter high with a base diameter of 10-25 cm.
1.3.2 Fauna
(1) Mammals (for a provisional list of mammals refer to appendix 7)
8 species of mammal have been recorded. Of these, the common otter Lutra lutra hainana is listed as a Grade 2 Nationally Protected Animal in China.
(2) Birds (for a complete list of birds refer to appendix 3)
A total of 159 bird species have been recorded at Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve. These include the following Grade 2 Nationally Protected Animals for China, Chinese egret Egretta eulophotes, black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor, spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, Saunders' gull Larus saundersi and little bitten Ixobrychus minutus. It is possible that the white-eared night heron Gorsachius magnificus might occur.
Of the 227 species listed in the China-Japan Migratory Bird Agreement (CJMBA), Dongzhaigang supports 75 species and of the 81 species in the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA), 35 species have been found in the Reserve. Many of these are wintering water birds which form large concentrations in Dongzhaigang Bay, especially around Wugoukou in the core area and Zhamen mudflats in the experimental zone.
(3) Amphibians and Reptiles (for a provisional list of amphibians and reptiles refer to appendix 8)
The major amphibians are frogs and major reptiles are snakes.
(4) Insects (for a provisional list of insects refer to appendix 6)
27 species of butterflies belonging to 6 families have been recorded throughout the Reserve.
(5) Fish (for a provisional list of fish refer to appendix 4)
A total of 57 fish species have been recorded in the Reserve. Most of these are estuarine species and some are of high economic value.
(6) Benthic invertebrates (for a provisional list of fish refer to appendix 5)
Dongzhaigang is rich in benthic invertebrates, with different species adapted to life in the inter-tidal sand- and mudflats, within the mangroves themselves and even in the freshwater influences parts of the estuary. Many benthos species have high economic value and fishing pressure for these species is intensively high throughout the Reserve. A total of 92 benthic invertebrates have been recorded at the Reserve.
1.4 Conservation status
1.4.1 Geographic location
Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is situated in the northeastern part of Hainan Province, at coordinates of 110° 32¢ -110° 37¢ E and 19° 51¢ -20° 01¢ N. The estuary is adjacent to Luodou State Farm of Wenchang Municipality, Sanjiang State Farm of Qiongshan, Sanjiang Town, Yanfeng Town and Yanhai Town. The coastline of the reserve extends for 84 km and the estuary has a total area of 5,400 ha.
The areas surrounding Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve are mostly farmlands, salt pans, aquaculture ponds and forestry plantations. Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve has good transportation infrastructure and communication facilities. The location of the reserve administration office is only 30 km from the provincial capital city of Haikou and 10 km from the Haikou Meilan International Airport currently under construction.
1.4.2 Land tenure
Official documents show that the Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve has a total area of 3337.6 ha under the administration of the Qiongshan County Government. The Reserve land is state owned and as such the Reserve administration (Hainan Forestry Bureau) has clear land tenure and rights to manage and utilize the land.
1.4.3 Land use status
Land use within the reserve area is very intensive. In most parts of the protected area the inter-tidal sand- and mudflats are intensively used by local communities for the collection of shellfish, fish and other marine and estuary resources. In many places the communities have demarcated large areas for oyster production (using wooden stakes driven into the sediment as settling substrates for the oyster spat) and these areas have clear community or family "ownership" or rights that exclude others. In other parts of the estuary, permanent fishing traps and nets are intensively laid out. Throughout areas which are not fished in this way or used for oyster culture, large numbers of local people gather on the falling tides to exploit the sand- and mudflats as they emerge above the receding waters.
Exploitation of the mangroves trees themselves (i.e., wood cutting, fodder gathering) is strictly forbidden and is largely adhered to by the local communities. There is very little illegal cutting or gathering.
The mangrove channels are however fished and crabs and some shellfish widely collected throughout the mangrove forest.
In peripheral areas there has been historical encroachment into mangrove areas to create salt pans (many of which have been recently converted to fish and shrimp ponds). Small-scale encroachment may still occur in some areas around the estuary.
1.4.4 Conservation management
Mangrove conservation throughout the area was significantly enhanced when the Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve was established in 1980. In subsequent years (1980, 1983, 1984 and 1996) the Qiongshan County Government issued notices underlining the need for conservation and sound management within the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve. This was followed by the enactment of the "Hainan Mangrove Conservation Regulation, 1998" by the Provincial Peoples Council in September 1998. With subsequent support from government agencies of different levels, the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve conducted the following activities:-
a) The municipal government established a Joint Conservation and Management Committee including representatives from relevant towns and villages to enhance the management of nature reserve.
b) Two management stations-Sanjiang and Tashi, were established with full time wardens.
c) A police station were established to investigate and deal with illegal activities.
d) Permanent display boards have been erected to raise local public awareness.
1.5 Institutional framework
a) Jurisdiction and funding sources
The Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is under the direct jurisdiction of Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau. The Hainan Wildlife Conservation Station provides technical supervision to the reserve. The former Ministry of Forestry provided a lump-sum fund of RMB 750,000 at the beginning of the establishment of the nature reserve. The running costs and other investments are provided by Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau and the Financial Bureau of Qiongshan City. A total of RMB 4.25 million has been invested to the reserve since its establishment.
b) Institutional structure
Several divisions have been set up within the Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve Administration, including a general office, scientific research group, tourism service, resource protection group, Tashi management station, Sanjiang management station and a police station. The reserve has a total of 32 staff.
c) Infrastructure
The reserve administration has one research and office building with a total area of 464 m2, one dining-room of 353 m2 and staff living apartments of 2010 m2. The reserve also own one tourism jetty, one patrol boat, one car and three motorcycles.
1.6 Scientific research
Under the previously formulated management guidelines of "Conservation, restoration and development", a number of scientific research projects have been implemented in Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve. These include baseline biodiversity and resource surveys, determination of benthic biomass and inter-tidal productivity, mangrove fruiting and flowering phenology, mangrove afforestation trials, calculation of energy flows and pathways within mangrove ecosystems. The results of these studies have been published in several journals and internal documents. A summary outline of scientific research is given below:-
a) mangrove resources survey
Wide-scale surveys on mangrove resources at Dongzhaigang have been conducted on two occasions, in July-August 1980 and from July 1982 to June 1983. These surveys showed that the Reserve supported a total of 18 natural mangrove species belonging to 12 families and covered an area of 1773 ha. An island-wide mangrove survey for the whole of Hainan from July 1982 to June 1983 showed that Hainan supports a total of 27 mangrove species belonging to 16 families with a total area of 4836 ha. At that time the Dongzhaigang estuary supported nearly 40% of the mangroves in Hainan.
b) Introduction of exotic species: Sonneratia caseolaris
A four year research project entitled "The maintenance, reproduction and classification of Sonneratia caseolaris trees in China" was implemented in 1986 in cooperation with the South China Institute of Botany. As a part of this research, two recently described Sonneratia species from southern Hainan, S. hainanensis and S. paracaseolaris were also planted and bred at Dongzhaigang.
c) Biomass and productivity of Bruquiera gymnorrhiza forest
This project was carried out from January 1985 to 1990 in cooperation with the Department of Biology, Xiamen University.
d) Afforestation trials for important mangrove species
As part of the Eighth Five Year Plan a major research initiative entitled "Afforestation trials for important mangrove species" was conducted in cooperation with South China Institute of Botany between 1990-1995. A follow-up project entitled "Comparative trials of mangrove seed germination" was included in the Ninth Five Year Plan and was initiated in 1996.
e) mangrove afforestation trials in different inter-tidal zones
Afforestation trials have been carried out each year since 1981. During these trials a total of 285 ha of naturally-occurring mangrove species have been planted and 251 ha of them have been preserved. Appropriate techniques for mangrove afforestation have been developed and the most appropriate species for artificial plantation have been identified.
f) Establishment of a mangrove tree arboretum
A mangrove tree arboretum has been established within the Reserve. The arboretum contains mangrove species found locally, species that have been introduced from other parts of Hainan (from Wenchang, Lingshui and Sanya) and exotic species introduced from Bangladesh.
1.7 Economic status of local communities
The Nature Reserve is adjacent to 12 villages belonging to Yanfeng Township, Yanhai Township, Sanjiang Township and the Sanjiang State Farm. The total population size of these municipalities is 21,774 from 4,122 households. Local communities are supported both through agricultural and fisheries activities and the average annual income is about RMB 2,240 per capita. Each village has good transportation and electrical power supply.
1.8 Public education and tourism
Public education activities have focused on improving local awareness of conservation issues with a particular emphasis on mangroves and water bird conservation. In addition, limited activities to increase public awareness amongst tourists and local students have been undertaken.
The mangroves at Dongzhaigang have become a popular tourist spot and the Reserve management authority and local entrepreneurs have established tourism facilities to cater for their needs. A small area of 136 ha near Changning Village was set aside for promotion of ecotourism as part of the Reserve management. Other facilities include a number of hotels and seafood restaurants, a boat tour service and a short mangrove trail with look out posts and picnic areas. As a result tourist numbers have increased dramatically and in 1997 there were 60,000 registered visitors.
1.9 International cooperation and exchange
The Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve has drawn national and international attention since its establishment. Over 300 specialists and experts from Australia, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, The Netherlands, UK and USA, and have visited the Reserve since 1980.


text:
Definition of chervil in English:
chervilSyllabification: cher·vil
Pronunciation: /ˈCHərvəl /
A plant of the parsley family, with small white flowers and delicate fernlike leaves that are used as a culinary herb.
- Anthriscus cerefolium, family Umbelliferae
More example sentences
- Choose five of the following fresh herbs: flat-leaf parsley, chives, mint, chervil, basil, dill, tarragon.
- Flat-leaf parsley, chervil or tarragon all work nicely in there, too.
- If desired, garnish each tartlet with a leaf of chervil or a small sprig of dill.
Old English, from Latin chaerephylla, from Greek khairephullon.
Definition of chervil in:
- The British & World English dictionary
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Word of the day animalcule
Pronunciation: ˌanəˈmalˌkyo͞ol
a microscopic animal


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Disaster relief available to members affected by fires
Whenever you need us, CSEA is here. The raging fires in Northern California have already impacted some of our members, their homes and the communities they serve. In response to these devastating fires, Association President Michael Bilbrey has made emergency assistance funds available to affected members.
Not Just Teachers: Supporting Students' Success
Association President Michael Bilbrey for the U.S. Dept of Education Blog:
As summer ends and the school year begins, we often think about teachers and students heading back to school. While teachers prepare lessons and students learn new concepts we can't forget the service employees who provide support that enable the schools to run efficiently.
Classified employees are the backbone of education
In the modern age, school districts could not function without classified school employees. These essential staff members perform a wide range of vital services for students, parents, teachers and administrators. This extraordinary workforce keeps our campuses safe, clean and organized. Most importantly, they strive to improve the lives of our students every day.
CSEA Member Trainers' Bureau
CSEA is proud to announce that it is now accepting applications for the Member Trainers' Bureau. The Member Trainers' Bureau (MTB) is an appointed volunteer leadership position. As a member of the MTB, you will be certified to deliver trainings to members in your region, area, and in some cases other parts of the state.
CSEA Annual Conference in Sacramento
CSEA's Annual Conference was held in Sacramento Aug. 4-7. Member delegates spent four days at the 88th Annual Conference adopting resolutions, analyzing the Association budget, listening to important speakers and honoring outstanding classified employees.
Gov. Jerry Brown fires up delegates at CSEA conference
At CSEA's 88th Annual Conference, Gov. Jerry Brown praised CSEA members for helping to turn things around in California. Other top lawmakers addressed also addressed CSEA members, including State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson amd Senate President Pro Tempore Kevin DeLeon.
CSEA goes to Washington D.C.
A delegation of CSEA leaders traveled to Washington D.C. in May to meet with Congressional representatives and federal education officials. Chief among the delegation's priorities were securing full funding for federal education programs and obtaining support for a national recognition of classified school employees.
Governor signs 2014-15 budget
Governor Brown signed the 2014-15 state budget on June 20. The balanced, on-time state budget plan pays down debt, directs additional funding for local schools and health care, shores up the teachers' retirement system and builds a solid Rainy Day Fund.
LCFF & LCAP Toolkit
Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) is the new school funding calculation in California. As part of the LCFF, LEAs must develop a Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) to set goals in eight priority areas specified by the state. CSEA has created a toolkit to help you understand the LCFF and the LCAP and to help CSEA chapters get involved in the process.
Rob Feckner re-elected to CalPERS Board
CalPERS Board President Rob Feckner was unopposed in his bid to win re-election to the CalPERS Board this year. He will serve another four-year term on the board.
Administrator Ranking Survey
Have you ever wondered what CSEA members in another school district think of an administrator who might be applying for a job at your district? A survey, conducted for the first time in 2013, invited CSEA chapter leaders to offer their opinion on top administrators in their district. See how they rated.
Know your rights
Classified employees are afforded many basic rights by law or through collective bargaining. Learn about your rights on the job and what you can do to protect yourself if your rights are violated.
What Obamacare means for you
The federal Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires everyone to obtain some form of health insurance next year. This is the individual mandate in the Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly known as "Obamacare."
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Education funding, Election results, Employees of the Year, Member of the Year Marisa Hernandez, CSEA goes to Washington D.C., San Diego paras win settlement, Conference preview.
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Market disruptions are causing leaders to step back and look at all aspects of their businesses. Top of mind: transforming the IT organization to meet the growing needs of the business and its stakeholders, including customers, employees, partners and suppliers.
IT organizations need to evolve from a centralized authority into an orchestrator of business services. IT will empower, not control. The CIO should serve as a catalyst for digital conversations, as IT empowers stakeholders with technology to drive business value. IT will also create a tightly integrated and secure environment that enables anyone to plug in to the enterprise anytime, across any device.
Reinventing Information Technology in the Digital Enterprise: Introducing PwC's New IT PlatformRead more
Businesses need a new IT platform in todays digital worldWatch the video
PwC's Emerging Technology BlogRead our views and share yours
PwC's New IT Platform links people, process and technology and encompasses transformation across the organization. There are five key components under the new model: IT Mandate, Process, Architecture, Organization and Governance.
From strategy through execution, we help create an integrated and secure environment where any stakeholder can easily plug-in. We combine deep business domain, industry and technology experience with regulatory, governance, tax and risk capabilities. Access to a global network of resources allows us to assist our clients with thorough IT transformation.
IT needs to evolve from a controlling authority into an orchestrator of services. This shift empowers employees with technology, enables operational efficiencies, and drives business growth and innovation. Assessing technology spend within and outside of IT is an important starting point. IT can reassess its IT operating and sourcing models and optimize technology costs.
Moving from time-intensive custom development to a fluid assemble-to-order approach can help organizations fuel innovation and enhance customer satisfaction. This approach drives innovation and collaboration. Moving toward an agile/DevOps process with a longer-term "no-code" goal in mind are important considerations. Organizations can also establish the technology building blocks to support this approach.
IT organizations need to integrate "any data, from any source, in any format, at any time" in the digital era. Stakeholders should be able to easily and securely plug-in to the enterprise with reduced dependence on IT. A holistic view of integration as well as a thorough integration strategy and roadmap are good starting points. IT can also enhance and integrate the application portfolio both on-premise and in the cloud, integrate and automate business processes, and deliver an integrated user experience.
The lines between technology and business are blurring, and experienced problem solvers and enablers of the business are now required skills. Employees with multi-disciplinary technology and security expertise, deep business domain knowledge, and an ability to evaluate the impact of decisions across the enterprise will be most critical. To acquire the right skills, the technology organization can assess their talent and organizational design, develop a technology talent strategy, and determine the approach to shared services and outsourcing.
With the redistribution of responsibilities, an organization's governance model will need to change. The technology organization needs to retain and enhance certain decision rights, like architectural and data standards, while relinquishing others. Rather than constraining, this move is liberating, providing guidance and empowering others to act. Organizations can assess the state of shadow IT, assess IT controls, refine the technology governance model, determine Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and metrics, and assess cloud needs and risks.


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This is such an important lesson in so many ways. Damon is a staunch advocate for public schools...with his words. His actions say something very different. There are two levels of hypocrisy here. First he sings the praises of public schools but they're not good enough for his kids. And the second level of hypocrisy is, when public schools aren't good enough for his kids, he exercises the school choice he would otherwise rail against. Otherwise being when anybody but him wants to exercise that right.
And Damon suggests that L.A. schools aren't liberal enough for his tastes? About the only way to move L.A. public schools to the left would be to make Michael Moore superintendent. What a fraud.


text: Make-a-Wish sending Salisbury girl, her family to New York By Hugh email@example.com Saturday, December 15th, 2012 Text size: A A A Tweet Back To Story Emily Hain gets a makeover from beauty consultants at Macy's in Northlake Mall, Charlotte. Make-a-Wish is sending the Hain family on a trip to New York City, where the 18-year-old will get to see landmarks and a Broadway show. Photo by Hugh Fisher.


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22 U.S. Code § 913 - Repealed.
Section, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, § 518,60 Stat. 1008; Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 576, § 7,69 Stat. 537, related to admission to class of career ambassador or career minister.
Reinstatement of Chiefs of Missions
Act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 959, title XI, § 1101,60 Stat. 1033, which related to reinstatement of chiefs of missions, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2205(1),Oct. 17, 1979, 94 Stat. 2159.
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 ofPub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
|Description of Change
|Session Year
|Public Law
|Statutes at Large
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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NYC: The Vegan Shop-Up is coming to Manhattan! »
That's right! The Shop-Up is making its Soho debut on March 24!:
Please join us in big bad Manhattan for this mini version of Vegan Shop-Up! Exciting! You'll find us behind the beautiful tea shop In Pursuit of Tea, so stock up on artisan treats and enjoy a nice hot cup on your way out. As always we've got a long list of drool-worthy goods to bring you so get ready for the best selection of chocolate coated cake truffles, raw sweets, gluten-free baked treats, kale chips, sauerkrauts and chutneys, sandwiches, fresh juices, teas, and more!
We're still holding our regular Shop-Ups at& Pine Box Rock Shop in Brooklyn, so don't worry.
See www.veganshopup.com for the full list of vendors. And join our facebook and twitter for even more updates!
Saturday, March 24, noon to 5 p.m.
In Pursuit of Tea (back room)
33 Crosby St. (btw Broome + Grand)
How do you like that action? This is a lot more convenient for me! So come out, drop cash money, and be the best vegan you can be.
∞ posted at 04:51 by youtalkfunny


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bash - Launches the Bourne-Again SHell, an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
Syntax bash [options] Options -c string Commands are read from string. If there are arguments after the string, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $0. -D A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $ is printed to standard output. These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not C or POSIX. This implies the -n option; no commands will be executed. -PO- = output in the GNU gettext (portable object) file format. -i Interactive shell. -l Make bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell. -r RESTRICTED SHELL -s If the -s option is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. -v Verbose output. -- A -- signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the -- are treated as file- names and arguments. An argument of - is equivalent to --.
bash is the default in OS X Panther 10.3, Tiger 10.4 and Leopard 10.5
To Exit bash type exit
Default shell
Your default shell can be accessed from System Preferences > Accounts, Right click (or control-click) on an account and choose Advanced Options.
You can also set a default shell for the terminal:
Open the Terminal app (Applications > Utilities > Terminal) then open Terminal Preferences
Whatever the default, you can always switch shells on the fly by just typing the name of new shell - bash, csh, tcsh or zsh.
"What distinguishes the majority of men from the few is their inability to act according to their beliefs" ~ Henry Miller


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Bug Bites: Your Complete Treatment Guide
Bug Season Blues
As cool spring days give way to summer warmth, we trade in sweaters and long pants for t-shirts, shorts, and bathing suits. With all of that exposed skin, our children are left more vulnerable to bites and stings from the many creepy critters that slither, crawl, and fly when the weather gets warm.
Most bug bites and stings are nothing more than a minor annoyance. They may cause mild itching or swelling, but these symptoms usually go away within a day or two. But in rare cases, children can develop a severe allergic reaction to the insect venom and require immediate medical attention.
The good news is that you can easily prevent—and treat—insect bites and stings.
Here is an insect-by-insect guide:
- <
- 1
- of
- 6
- >


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LAS VEGAS (AP) - After weeks of speculation, Caesars Entertainment is confirming that it's trying to lure Britney Spears to Las Vegas for a recurring gig at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino.
Spokeswoman Emily Wofford said Friday the company is in negotiations to install the pop princess on the Las Vegas Strip.
The 31-year-old "Scream & Shout" singer stoked residency rumors last week by responding with a "Viva Las Vegas" hashtag to a post from her dog's Twitter account asking if puppies can gamble in Sin City.
Spears left her position on the television singing contest "The X Factor" in January, telling fans she wanted to refocus on her music.
Caesars Entertainment currently is promoting residencies by singers Cee Lo Green at Planet Hollywood and Shania Twain at Caesars Palace.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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New Orleans, LA 70125
General Number: (504) 486-6161
News Tips: (504) 483-1503
News Room Fax: (504) 483-1543


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Installed it with no problems. Haven't used it yet.
Kolpin® Heated Throttle Master
Item # DODX-579085
- Google+
- Details & Specs
Kolpin® Heated Throttle Master eliminates sore thumbs, provides precise throttle control!
If riding your ATV all day means sore, tired hands from working the throttle, you'll understand what a lifesaver this Throttle Master is. This handy throttle extender gives you more leverage when working the throttle for more precise control. Plus, it saves your hands from tightly gripping the throttle all day long. And even better, this Throttle Master is heated for warm hands and a more comfortable ride.Let's ride:
- Easy universal bolt-on design
- Form-fitted extension adjusts to fit you
- High, low, off temperature settings
- .3 amps max draw.
!!! Limited Quantities !!!
- Reviews
Customer Reviews
- Articles & Tips
Don't Forget
Guide Gear® ATV CoverBuyer's Club $17.99 Non-Members $19.99
Guide Gear® ATV CabinBuyer's Club $107.99 Non-Members $119.99
Guide Gear® 2" Receiver HitchBuyer's Club $16.19 Non-Members $17.99
You May Also Like
Kolpin® ATV Throttle Buddy ATV Thumb AssistBuyer's Club $17.99 Non-Members $19.99
Cycle Country by Kolpin® Polaris® UTV Bed Lift KitBuyer's Club $296.99 Non-Members $329.99
Kolpin® Impact Bow BootBuyer's Club $89.99 Non-Members $89.99


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For More Information
For more details regarding the competition and work submission, visit www.film360365.com/school or contact Dr. Brian Bailey, assistant professor of education, at (585) 389-2764 or email@example.com or Linda Moroney, managing director of 360 | 365, at (585) 279-8312 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
For more information about 360 | 365, visit www.film360365.com.
Nazareth College and 360 | 365 are proud to sponsor the 2010 Rochester Teen Film Festival, a collaborative, juried media competition for youth in the Rochester region. The festival is set for Wednesday, August 4, 2010, when the winning films will be shown on the main screen at the Little Theatre in downtown Rochester, and a later showing at the 360 | 365 Film Festival in 2011.
Now is the time for interested teens to submit their creative film work. There is an open call for film and videos in all genres from regional high school students, and the deadline for submissions is June 11, 2010. For more details regarding the competition and work submission, visit www.film360365.com/school or contact Dr. Brian Bailey, assistant professor of education, at (585) 389-2764 or email@example.com or Linda Moroney, managing director of 360 | 365, at (585) 279-8312 or email email@example.com.
Last year, the Teen Film Festival featured 13 titles from 10 different urban, suburban and rural schools around the Rochester area. "Nazareth College is excited to participate with 360 | 365 in this important community event that showcases the stories and talents of Rochester area youth through the moving image," says Brian Bailey, assistant professor of education at Nazareth College and co-founder of the Rochester Urban Youth Film Festival.
"An integral part of 360 | 365's mission is education of Upstate New York youth and emerging filmmakers. The Rochester Teen Film Festival and our collaboration with Nazareth College is an excellent step in this direction," says Linda Moroney, managing director of 360 | 365. In addition to the screening at the Little Theatre and the 360 | 365 George Eastman House Film Festival, finalists will be given free passes to selected films, events and parties.
360 | 365 grew out of the very successful Rochester High Falls International Film Festival. The 360 | 365 George Eastman House Film Festival (May 5 – 10, 2010) captures both the birthplace of the art form and its cutting edge evolution. In recognition of its history, the 360 | 365 Film Festival focuses a portion of its programming on the achievements of women in filmmaking. However, the new Festival expands its programming with a wide range of films appealing to all audiences, age ranges, and personal tastes. In addition, 360 | 365 is a year-round conversation that includes short- and feature-length emerging filmmakers in its Shorts Contest and New Director Series. 360 | 365 interactively engages filmmakers and our audiences in education, discovery, and celebration through the medium of film in all aspects and directions, 365 days a year. For more information about 360 | 365, visit www.film360365.com.
Founded in 1924, Nazareth College is located on a close-knit, suburban campus in the dynamic, metropolitan region of Rochester, N.Y. The College offers challenging academic programs in the liberal arts and sciences and professional programs in health and human services, education, and management. Nazareth's strong cultures of service and community prepare students to be successful professionals and engaged citizens. The College enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate students and 1,000 graduate students.
View more: Performances, Rochester


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We got what we were hoping for my wife enjoys the back rest and seat. I have enough space for the hunting equipment i carry. The mirror is great too. Thanks Again
Kolpin® Universal Adjustable / Removable ATV Mirror
Item # WX2-177277
- Google+
- Details & Specs
Kolpin® Universal Adjustable / Removable ATV Mirror, PRICED LESS!
Put safety out front by getting the rear view! Many states require a mirror for road travel, and it's a smart idea, regardless.Take a look:
- Fully adjustable, with a ball and socket swivel design
- 4" diameter
- Quick-attach / detach mounting base, fits 5/8" to 1" diameter tubing for positioning on handlebar or rack
- Mounting hardware included
- It's 11 1/2"l. overall. Weighs approx. 15 ozs.
Hindsight that pays off... order ONLINE now!
- Reviews
Customer Reviews
fits fine on my artic cat
Was a good fit fot the A-cat. No vibration, does the job. In todays world the quality is not there as it was many years ago. All companys build nothing to last.
This mirror works perfect. I mounted it on my front rack rather than handle bars, and I thought it might be a little shaky, but it's sturdy at 55 mph. I take it off when going through a lot of brush, and it's just a matter of taking off a clip. If your looking for a mirror for your ATV, I would suggest this one.
Good product
Don't Forget
Guide Gear® ATV CabinBuyer's Club $107.99 Non-Members $119.99
Guide Gear® 2" Receiver HitchBuyer's Club $16.19 Non-Members $17.99
You May Also Like
Kolpin® Rear / Side MirrorBuyer's Club $35.99 Non-Members $39.99
Kolpin® Handguards with MirrorBuyer's Club $40.49 Non-Members $44.99
Blazer® ATV SpotlightBuyer's Club $19.79 Non-Members $21.99


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Yes, both plans are fine.
Yes, both plans are fine.
Is it okay to skip me? Probably.
"A corporation is not a person unless I can punch it in the face for being a jackass."
~Nick Harkaway
Spoiler: Interested in Nexus FFRP? Newcomers welcome![CENTER]FFRP Faqs |Nexus Faqs | Nexus IRC Chat
We're friendly! Join the fun!
Ext. Sig.


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The Mediterranean island of Malta is a wonderful destination for holidaymakers and there are many delightful towns and villages to stay at. One such place is the coastal resort of Mellieha, which is located in the north of the island. Here visitors will find numerous different places to stay including self catering accommodation, villas and apartments.
Mellieha Bay is one of the most popular sandy beaches in Malta and is suitable for sunbathing and swimming, while being safe for children to play as well. Holidaymakers can also have fun on the banana boats and pedaloes at this resort. Various other watersports can be tried in Malta including sailing, water skiing, paragliding, wake boarding, jet biking and kayaking. This pretty resort has some fantastic places to explore making it a great place for hiking, horseback riding and cycling. There is plenty on offer in Malta for sports enthusiasts including an 18-hole golf course at the Royal Malta Golf Club in Marsa. This same club also offers miniature golf, swimming, tennis and squash. Visitors will find a few places to dine in and around the resort including restaurants, bars and cafes. There are a few shops in the area for self catering holidaymakers to purchase food and drink from as well as souvenirs. A bigger variety of shopping can be found in the capital Valletta.
Nature lovers may like to pay a visit to Ghadira Nature Reserve, which has a variety of small mammals, lizards and migratory birds. Mellieha has a lot of interesting buildings including Mellieha Parish Church and old farmhouses. Other places well worth seeing here are the Mellieha Windmill and the Mellieha World War II Shelters.
The warmest time of the year to visit Malta is generally July and August when the average high is approximately 32 degrees centigrade. January and February are the coolest months with an average high of 16 degrees centigrade and average lows of 10C. There is very little rainfall in Malta especially in summer. The wettest months are generally November and December with an average of 111mm per month.
Malta International Airport (MLA) is the only airport in Malta and receives flights all year round from many cities. Air Malta fly to and from Amsterdam, Athens, Berlin, Birmingham, Brussels, Catania, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hamburg, Istanbul, London, Manchester, Milan, Moscow, Munich, Paris, Reggio Calabria, Rome, Sofia, Stuttgart, Tripoli, Vienna and Zürich. Mellieha is approximately a 40 minute drive from the airport and there are car rental services and taxis available on the island.
A trip to the Maltese capital city Valetta is well worthwhile as there are many historic buildings, palaces, churches, museums and galleries here. Visitors may also like to take a trip to the fishing village St Julian's Bay on the main island, where there is lots of nightlife and entertainment. Victoria is the main town on the island of Gozo and offers many interesting places to visit as well as good shops and restaurants.


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Thank You Letter Tip Sheet
Not all writers are equal! If you are a skilled writer, please do not be offended by the following guidelines. Unfortunately, our office has received letters from students with misspelled words and poor grammar. Please take your time. You will be pleasantly surprised by how important you are to the donor of your scholarship. The donors and representatives comment many times about how much they have enjoyed reading the thank you letters they receive.
Tips for writing your Thank You Letter….
- Donors want to know about YOU, personally.
- Are you the first to go to college in your family or are you from a long line of college educated family members?
- Why did you choose WKU?
- What are your career plans, extracurricular activities, major?
- Mention the name of your scholarship and say thank you!
- It is NOT important to date your letter. Some donors give scholarships to many students
and we send thank you letters to them at one time.
- Please use the donor contact's name in the salutation of your letter. This letter
is to the donor contact, even though you will send it to the Development office.
- Please DO NOT thank the donor contact for selecting you for the scholarship. Scholarship recipients are selected by the University Scholarship committee and the Financial Aid office, not by the scholarship donor contact.
- Type or hand write your letter.
- Your letter should be at least two paragraphs in length.
- Proofread, proofread, proofread!
- If you use a computer to compose your letter, please take advantage of the spell check and grammar tools. If in doubt, ask for help. AND, before returning your letter to our office, please SIGN your letter above your typed name. (If sending electronically, signing is not necessary.)
- Ask a friend, roommate or family member to read your letter. It is always good for a second set of eyes to look over your work. They can sometimes catch errors you might miss.
- Your letter will leave a lasting impression with the donor. Be sincere.
Please return your letter to Jill Blythe, Senior Developmental Relations Officer, via email to email@example.com.
Thank you!