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A variety of other surveys and data systems collect data on substance use and mental illness. It is useful to consider the results of these other studies when discussing the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data. In doing this, it is important to understand the methodological differences between the different surveys and the impact that these differences could have on estimates of the presence of substance use and mental illness. This appendix briefly describes several of these other data systems and where possible presents comparisons between NSDUH results and results from the other surveys for 2002, 2003, and 2004 or other recent time periods. For some comparisons, NSDUH estimates were generated to be consistent with the data collection periods or groups surveyed in other studies. In addition, this appendix describes surveys of populations not covered by NSDUH.
In-depth comparisons of the methodologies of the three major federally sponsored national surveys of youth substance use have been done. In 1997, a comparison between the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse1 (NHSDA) and Monitoring the Future (MTF) was published (Gfroerer, Wright, & Kopstein, 1997). In 2000, a series of papers comparing different aspects of the NHSDA, MTF, and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Under contract with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Westat, Inc., identified and funded several experts in survey methods to prepare these papers. The papers were published in the Journal of Drug Issues (Hennessy & Ginsberg, 2001). The major findings of these studies were as follows:
These findings suggest that differences in survey methodology may affect comparisons of prevalence estimates among youths from various surveys. This appendix investigates the similarities and differences among rates from NSDUH and other related surveys. Descriptions of the other surveys are provided when they are first discussed in the appendix.
The Monitoring the Future (MTF) study is a national survey that tracks drug use trends and related attitudes among America's adolescents. This survey is conducted annually by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan through a grant awarded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The MTF and NSDUH are the Federal Government's largest and primary tools for tracking youth substance use. The MTF is composed of three substudies: (a) an annual survey of high school seniors initiated in 1975; (b) ongoing panel studies of representative samples from each graduating class that have been conducted by mail since 1976; and (c) annual surveys of 8th and 10th graders initiated in 1991. In 2002, for all three grades combined, 394 public and private schools and about 43,700 students were in the sample. In 2003, for all three grades combined, 48,500 students in 392 public and private schools were in the sample, and in 2004, nearly 49,500 students in 406 secondary schools were surveyed. The students complete a self-administered, machine-readable questionnaire during a regular class period (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 2003a; Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2004c; Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005).
Comparisons between the MTF estimates and estimates based on students sampled in NSDUH generally have shown NSDUH substance use prevalence levels to be lower than MTF estimates, with differences tending to be more pronounced for 8th graders. The lower prevalences in NSDUH may be due to more underreporting in the household setting as compared with the MTF school setting. However, MTF does not survey dropouts, a group that NSDUH has shown to have higher rates of illicit drug use (Gfroerer et al., 1997). In 2003 and 2004, for most comparisons of estimates of lifetime, past year, and past month prevalence of use of marijuana, cocaine, and inhalants among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders between NSDUH and MTF, NSDUH estimates were lower (see Table E.1 at the end of this appendix). However, both surveys showed that use of these three illicit drugs was stable for most measures between 2003 and 2004. Exceptions were a decrease in past year inhalants use among 8th graders in NSDUH and a decrease in past month marijuana use and an increase in lifetime inhalants use among 8th graders in MTF.
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), which measures the prevalence of six priority health risk behavior categories: (a) behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; (b) tobacco use; (c) alcohol and other drug use; (d) sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); (e) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and (f) physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes national, State, territorial, and local school-based surveys of high school students conducted every 2 years. The latest YRBS was conducted in 2003 (CDC, 2005b). The 2003 national school-based survey used a three-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12. The 2003 State and local surveys used a two-stage cluster sample design to produce representative samples of students in grades 9 through 12 in their jurisdictions. The 2003 national YRBS sample included 15,214 students in grades 9 through 12 in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. The national survey and all of the State and local surveys were conducted during the spring of 2003, with the exception of Hawaii. The Hawaii surveys were conducted in the fall of 2003. The students completed a self-administered, machine-readable questionnaire during a regular class period.
In general, this school-based survey has found higher rates of alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, cocaine, and inhalant use for youths than those found in NSDUH (Table E.2) (Grunbaum et al., 2004). To examine estimates that are comparable to YRBS, NSDUH estimates are based on data collected in the first 6 months of the survey year. The prevalence of illicit drug use was generally much higher in the YRBS than in NSDUH. For example, past month marijuana use was 22.4 percent in the 2003 national YRBS compared with 13.2 percent for persons in grades 9 through 12 in January-June of the 2003 NSDUH and 12.1 percent in January-June of the 2004 NSDUH. This is likely due to the differences in study design (school-based vs. home-based).
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was conducted to measure the effects of family, peer group, school, neighborhood, religious institution, and community influences on health risks, such as tobacco, drug, and alcohol use. Initiated in 1994 under a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) with cofunding from 17 other Federal agencies, Add Health is the largest, most comprehensive survey of adolescents ever undertaken. Data at the individual, family, school, and community levels were collected in two waves between 1994 and 1996. In Wave 1 (conducted in 1994-95), roughly 90,000 students from grades 7 through 12 at 144 schools around the United States answered brief, machine-readable questionnaires during a regular class period. Interviews also were conducted with about 20,000 students and their parents in the students' homes using a combined computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) design. In Wave 2, students were interviewed a second time in their homes. In 2001 and 2002, the original Add Health respondents, now aged 18 to 26, were re-interviewed in a third wave to investigate the influence that adolescence has on young adulthood. Identifying information was obtained from participants in order to track them over time.
Survey results from the first two waves indicated that nearly one fourth of teenagers had ever smoked marijuana. Nearly 7 percent of 7th and 8th graders used marijuana at least once in the past month as did 15.7 percent of 9th through 12th graders (Resnick et al., 1997). In the 2003 NSDUH, 19.6 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 had ever used marijuana, and 7.9 percent were past month users; in 2004, these percentages were 19.0 and 7.6 percent, respectively.
The Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS) is an ongoing national research study that tracks drug use and drug-related attitudes among children, teenagers, and their parents. It is sponsored by the Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA). In the 2002 PATS, 7,084 teenagers in grades 7 through 12 completed self-administered, machine-readable questionnaires during a regular class period with their teacher remaining in the room (PDFA, 2005a). For the first time in 2002, PATS included questions on prescription drug abuse. The 2002 PATS found that 20 percent of youths in grades 7 to 12 had ever used prescription pain killers without a doctor's prescription, 19 percent of adolescents reported lifetime use of inhalants, and 40 percent reported lifetime use of marijuana. In 2003, 7,270 youths completed the survey, and prevalence rates remained very similar to rates in 2002 (PDFA, 2005a). The 2003 PATS found that 21 percent of youths in grades 7 to 12 had ever used prescription drugs, 18 percent had used inhalants, and 39 percent reported using marijuana in their lifetime (PDFA, 2003). The 2004 PATS was conducted with 7,314 youths in grades 7 through 12 and found that 19 percent had used inhalants and 37 percent had used marijuana at least once in their lifetime (PDFA, 2005b). NSDUH reported notably lower prevalence rates than PATS. For youths aged 12 to 17, NSDUH estimated the rate of lifetime prescription pain reliever use to be 11.2 percent in both 2002 and 2003 and 11.4 percent in 2004; lifetime inhalant use was 10.5 percent in the 2002, 10.7 percent in 2003, and 11.0 percent in 2004; and lifetime marijuana use was 20.6 percent in 2002, 19.6 percent in 2003, and 19.0 percent in 2004. The major difference in these prevalence estimates is likely to be due to the different study designs. The youth portion of PATS is a school-based survey, which may elicit more reporting of sensitive behaviors than the home-based NSDUH. In addition, the PATS survey is conducted with a sample of students in the 7th through 12th grades, which is a slightly older sample than that of the NSDUH 12- to 17-year-old sample.
The National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY) is sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to evaluate the Office of National Drug Control Policy's (ONDCP's) National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign. The survey is specifically designed to evaluate Phase III of the campaign, covering the period between September 1999 and June 2003. Data collection provides estimates of trends in drug use between 2000 and the first half of 2003, as well as changes between 2002 and 2003.
In Phase I (Waves 1 through 3 of data collection), a sample of youths aged 9 to 18 and their parents were recruited to participate in the in-home audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) survey. In Phase II (Waves 4 through 7 of data collection), the respondents from Phase I participated in two additional interviews at intervals of 6 to 24 months. In December 2003, ONDCP released the sixth semiannual report of findings that contained data from all three phases (Hornik et al., 2003).
Wave 5's data were collected between January and June 2002 and included 4,040 youths and 2,882 parents. Wave 6's data were collected between July and December 2002 and included 2,267 youths and 1,640 parents. An average of the estimates from Waves 5 and 6 showed that the past year rate of marijuana use among 12 to 18 year olds was 16.4 percent. The corresponding 2002 NSDUH estimate for past year marijuana use among youths aged 12 to 18 was 18.4 percent.
Wave 7's data were collected between January and June 2003 and included 3,587 youths and 2,621 parents. The two surveys produced similar estimates for youths (see Table E.3). For example, the latest wave of NSPY data indicated that 16.7 percent of youths aged 12 to 18 had used marijuana in the past year, and the 2003 NSDUH yielded an estimate of 18.1 percent among this age group for this time period. One explanation for the similarity in estimates is that both surveys used ACASI.
In past waves of NSPY data collection, parents also have been asked about their drug use behaviors; however, parental use was not asked in the Wave 5 or Wave 7 data collections. Lifetime use of marijuana among parents was 53.7 percent in 2001, and past month use was 3.4 percent. According to the full-year data of NSDUH, lifetime use of marijuana among adults aged 18 or older was 42.7 percent in 2002, 43.1 percent in 2003, and 42.7 percent in 2004; past month use was 6.0 percent in 2002 and 2003 and 5.9 percent in 2004.
The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES) was conducted in 1991 and 1992 by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Face-to-face interviewer-administered interviews were conducted with 42,862 respondents aged 18 or older in the contiguous United States. Despite the survey name, the design was cross-sectional. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) was conducted in 2001 and 2002, also by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for NIAAA, using a computerized interviewer-administered interview. The NESARC sample was designed to make inferences for persons aged 18 or older in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, and including persons living in noninstitutional group quarters. NESARC is designed to be a longitudinal survey. The first wave was conducted in 2001 and 2002, with a final sample size of 43,093 respondents aged 18 or older. The second wave (2004 and 2005) is currently under way (Grant, Kaplan, Shepard, & Moore, 2003).
Over the decade from 1992 to 2002, the prevalence of past year marijuana use among adults remained about the same in the two surveys, at about 4.0 percent (Compton, Grant, Colliver, Glantz, & Stinson, 2004). The rate of past year marijuana use among adults was 10.1 percent in both the 2003 and 2004 NSDUHs. The discrepancy between the estimates is likely due to the differences in administration; NSDUH is self-administered, and the NLAES and NESARC are interviewer-administered.
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuing nationwide sample survey that collects data using personal household interviews through an interviewer-administered computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) system. The survey is sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and provides national estimates of selected health measures. The data presented are from January through September of 2003 and 2004. In the NHIS, current smokers are defined as those who smoke daily, smoked on 1 or more days in the past month, or quit smoking fewer than 30 days ago (for those who smoked 100 or more cigarettes in their lifetime). The survey estimated in 2003 that 21.6 percent of the population were reporting current cigarette smoking (23.7 percent among males and 19.4 percent among females) (NCHS, 2005). The rates were slightly lower in 2004, with 20.7 percent of the population reporting current cigarette smoking (23.3 percent among males and 18.3 percent among females).
In NSDUH, current cigarette smoking is defined as any use in the past month. The full-year NSDUH rate was 27.0 percent in 2003 and 26.4 percent in 2004 for those aged 18 or older. Although the two surveys employ different methodologies, NSDUH still produces higher estimates when using the NHIS definition. For example, when using a definition similar to the NHIS definition and data from January through September, NSDUH estimates 25.1 percent of adults aged 18 or older were current smokers in 2003 and 24.7 percent of adults were current smokers in 2004. See Table E.4 for a comparison of smoking rates between these two surveys by age and gender.
The NHIS defines excessive alcohol drinkers as those who consumed an amount greater than or equal to five drinks in 1 day at least once during the past 12 months. The NHIS rate for excessive alcohol consumption among those aged 18 or older was 18.7 percent in 2004, down slightly from 19.4 percent in 2003 (NCHS, 2005). NSDUH defines heavy alcohol use as having five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 5 different days in the past 30 days. The full-year NSDUH rates for heavy drinking among those aged 18 or older were 7.3 percent in 2003 and 7.4 percent in 2004.
Compared with NSDUH estimates, MTF estimates of cigarette use are higher among 8th graders, about the same among 10th graders, and somewhat lower among 12th graders. However, both surveys showed slight, but not necessarily significant, decreases in smoking in most grade levels between 2003 and 2004. For example, among 10th graders, there was a significant decrease in lifetime smoking estimates from 43.0 percent in 2003 to 40.7 percent in 2004 according to the MTF. The NSDUH lifetime smoking rates for 10th graders decreased significantly from 43.2 percent in 2003 to 38.3 percent in 2004. See Table E.1 for a comparison of the MTF and NSDUH cigarette use estimates by grade level.
Rates of alcohol consumption are higher overall in the MTF sample compared with NSDUH. In addition, the trends of alcohol consumption differed for the two surveys. Although the NSDUH showed both increases and decreases between 2003 and 2004, only the decrease in lifetime alcohol use among 10th graders was statistically significant; lifetime, past year, and past month alcohol use was more stable among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the MTF sample. Both surveys indicate a varying pattern of alcohol consumption by grade level. Table E.1 shows how the MTF estimates of alcohol use compare with NSDUH estimates.
As seen with illicit drug use, the YRBS estimates of cigarette and alcohol consumption were higher than the NSDUH estimates. According to YRBS data, in 2003, 58.4 percent of high school students had tried cigarettes and 21.9 percent of students had smoked cigarettes during the past 30 days (CDC, 2005b). Using only data from January through June, the 2003 NSDUH rates were 46.0 percent for lifetime cigarette use and 20.2 percent for past month cigarette use among students in the 9th through 12th grade, and in 2004 the NSDUH rates were 43.7 percent for lifetime cigarette use and 19.8 percent for past month cigarette use.
Past month alcohol use among 9th to 12th graders in the YRBS was 47.1 percent in the 2001 survey and 44.9 percent in 2003. In contrast, January-June data from NSDUH showed a past month alcohol use rate of 29.1 percent in both 2003 and 2004 among 9th to 12th graders. Lifetime alcohol use rates among students were 63.1 percent using January-June NSDUH data in 2003 and 60.8 percent in 2004, while they were 74.9 percent in the YRBS in 2003.
Data from PATS show that the prevalence of past month cigarette for adolescents in grades 7 through 12 was 28 percent in 2002, 26 percent in 2003, and 23 percent in 2004 (PDFA, 2003, 2005a, 2005b). The NSDUH prevalence of past month cigarette smoking among youths aged 12 to 17 was 13.0 percent in 2002, 12.2 percent in 2003, and 11.9 percent in 2004. Again, the lower prevalence estimates in NSDUH are likely due to its home-based study design and slightly younger age group.
Even though the PATS estimates were higher than the NSDUH estimates, both surveys showed relatively steady rates of drinking among youths from 2002 to 2004. PATS found that 53 percent of teenagers reported past year alcohol use in 2002, 51 percent reported past year use in 2003, and 50 percent reported past year use in 2004. This compares with NSDUH estimates of 34.6 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 reporting past year use in 2002, 34.3 percent in 2003, and 33.9 percent in 2004. The 2002 PATS also found that 36 percent of teenagers reported past month alcohol use and 30 percent reported binge drinking in 2002. In 2003, an estimated 34 percent of youths used alcohol in the past month, while 29 percent reported binge drinking. In 2004, about 33 percent of youths used alcohol in the past month and 28 percent reported binge drinking. In comparison, the 2002 NSDUH rates for past month alcohol use and binge drinking for 12 to 17 year olds were 17.6 and 10.7 percent, respectively. For the 2003 NSDUH, 17.7 percent of youths reported past month alcohol use, and 10.6 reported binge drinking. In 2004, the NSDUH rates for past month alcohol use and binge drinking were 17.6 and 11.1 percent, respectively.
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an annual, State-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population aged 18 or older and is sponsored by the CDC. In 2002, 2003, and 2004, BRFSS collected data from all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) design. BRFSS collects information on access to health care, health status indicators, health risk behaviors (including cigarette and alcohol use), and the use of clinical preventive services by State, and national data are calculated using a median score across States. Although both surveys looked at the percentage of adults who reported having five or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion in the past month, the median binge alcohol use rates among adults in the BRFSS sample (16.1 percent in 2002, 16.4 percent in 2003, and 14.9 percent in 2004) (CDC, 2005a) were lower than among adults aged 18 or older in the NSDUH sample (24.0 percent in 2003 and 24.1 percent in 2004). The median percentages of adults who had five or more drinks on an occasion at least five times in the past month, or heavy drinking, were similar among the BRFSS sample, 7.0 percent in 2001 and 7.3 percent in 2002 (CDC, 2002, 2005a), and the NSDUH sample, 7.3 percent in the 2003 NSDUH and 7.4 percent in 2004. Comparisons of estimates of adult binge drinking from BRFSS and NSDUH showed that BRFSS estimates were considerably lower than NSDUH estimates for the total United States and most States, even among demographic subgroups; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The use of ACASI in NSDUH, which is considered to be more anonymous and yields higher reporting of sensitive behaviors, was offered as an explanation for the lower rates in BRFSS (Miller et al., 2004).
Results from the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health indicated that nearly 3.2 percent of 7th and 8th graders smoked six or more cigarettes a day, as did 12.8 percent of 9th through 12th graders (Resnick et al., 1997). In addition, the Add Health study found that 7.3 percent of 7th and 8th graders used alcohol on 2 or more days in the past month, as did 23.1 percent of 9th through 12th graders.
Past waves of the NSPY collected information on cigarette and alcohol use, but Wave 5 in 2002 did not. In 2001, this survey estimated that 34.9 percent of youths aged 12 to 18 had used cigarettes at some point in their lifetime, and past month cigarette use was 11.7 percent. The 2002 NSDUH rates of lifetime and past month cigarette use for youths aged 12 to 18 were 38.8 and 16.7 percent, respectively; these rates were 36.2 and 15.8 percent, respectively, in 2003 and 35.1 and 15.6 percent in 2004.
In 2001, the NSPY estimated that 45.9 percent of youths aged 12 to 18 had used alcohol at some point in their lifetime, and the estimate for past month use was 36.5 percent for the same age group. The 2002 NSDUH rates for lifetime and past month alcohol use were 49.1 and 22.2 percent, respectively; the 2003 rates were 49.0 and 22.2 percent; and the 2004 rates were 47.7 and 22.4 percent.
These NSDUH estimates for cigarette and alcohol use in 2002, 2003, and 2004 are based on data collected from January through June to reflect the same data collection period as the NSPY.
The Harvard School of Public Health's College Alcohol Study (CAS) is an ongoing survey of students at 4-year colleges and universities in 40 States. The study surveyed a random sample of students at the same colleges in 1993, 1997, 1999, and 2001. The schools and students were selected to provide nationally representative samples of schools and students. In 1993, a national sample of 195 colleges was selected from the American Council on Education's list of accredited 4-year colleges by using probability proportionate to size of enrollment; of the 195 colleges, 140 agreed to participate, for a school-level response rate of 72 percent (Wechsler, Dowdall, Davenport, & Castillo, 1995). Of these 140 colleges, 130 participated in 1997, 128 in 1999, and 120 in 2001. Student-level response rates to the two-stage mail survey were 70 percent in 1993, 59 percent in 1997 and 1999, and 52 percent in 2001. The researchers provided a short survey to nonrespondents in order to better weight the data (Wechsler et al., 2002).
The 2001 survey found that the overall rate of binge drinking was 44.4 percent. The CAS defined binge drinking as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks in a row for women. The study found that 22.8 percent of the students binge drank frequently and that 19.3 percent did not drink at all. The 2003 NSDUH binge drinking rate among full-time undergraduates aged 18 to 22 was 43.5 percent, and the 2004 estimate was 43.4 percent. It is useful to note that NSDUH defines binge drinking as five or more drinks in a row on at least one occasion in the past month for both men and women. Despite using different definitions of binge drinking, the CAS estimate and the NSDUH estimate are similar, but it is important to note that the two studies were conducted in different time periods.
The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the W.T. Grant Foundation. It was designed to measure the prevalence of the illnesses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1987) in the general population. The first wave of the NCS was a household survey collecting data from 8,098 respondents aged 15 to 54. These responses were weighted to produce nationally representative estimates. A random sample of 4,414 respondents also were administered an additional module that captured information on nicotine dependence. The interviews took place between 1990 and 1992. The NCS used a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI) to generate DSM-III-R diagnoses.
There have been several recent extensions to the original NCS, including a 10-year follow-up of the baseline sample (NCS-II), a replication study conducted in 2001 and 2002 with a newly recruited nationally representative sample of 9,282 respondents aged 18 or older (NCS-R), and an adolescent sample with a targeted recruitment of more than 10,000 adolescents (NCS-A) along with their parents and teachers. The NCS-R used an updated version of the CIDI that was designed to capture diagnoses using current DSM-IV criteria (APA, 1994). It should be noted that in several recent NCS-R studies (Kessler et al., 2005a; Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005b), the diagnosis for abuse also includes those who meet the diagnosis for dependence. In contrast, NSDUH follows DSM-IV guidelines and measures abuse and dependence separately. To make the NCS definition of abuse comparable with that of NSDUH, the rate for dependence must be subtracted from the rate for abuse.
Estimates from the NCS-R indicated that 3.1 percent of persons were alcohol abusers and 1.3 percent were dependent on alcohol in the past year (Kessler et al., 2005b). Excluding those who met the criteria for dependence from those who met the criteria for abuse according to the NCS-R, the resulting rate indicated that 1.8 percent had abused alcohol in the past year. According to the 2002 NSDUH, 4.3 percent of persons aged 18 or older were alcohol abusers in the past year, and 3.7 percent were dependent on alcohol; 7.9 percent were dependent on or abused alcohol. Comparable rates for alcohol abuse, dependence, and abuse or dependence from the 2003 NSDUH were 4.4 percent, 3.3 percent, and 7.7 percent, respectively; in 2004, these rates were 4.3 percent, 3.6 percent, and 8.0 percent, respectively. Therefore, the past year estimate for those with either alcohol abuse and/or dependence from the NCS-R (3.1 percent) is lower than the estimate from the 2002 NSDUH (7.9 percent).
Based on the NCS-R, an estimated 1.4 percent of persons aged 18 or older met the criteria for abuse of illicit drugs, and 0.4 percent met the criteria for dependence on illicit drugs in the past year. In the 2002 NSDUH, 0.9 percent abused illicit drugs, and 1.8 percent were dependent on illicit drugs; 2.7 percent were dependent on or abused illicit drugs. Comparable rates for illicit drug abuse, dependence, and abuse or dependence from the 2003 NSDUH were 0.9 percent, 1.7 percent, and 2.6 percent, respectively; in 2004, these rates were 0.9 percent, 1.9 percent, and 2.8 percent, respectively. This latter rate is higher than the corresponding estimate in the NCS-R (1.4 percent) for substance abuse, which also includes those with dependence. Similarly, NCS-R indicated that 3.8 percent were dependent on or abused alcohol or illicit drugs in the past year compared with 9.4 percent based on the 2002 NSDUH; this rate was 9.1 percent in the 2003 NSDUH and 9.4 percent in the 2004 NSDUH.
The NLAES and NESARC included an extensive set of questions designed to assess the presence of symptoms of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence in persons' lifetimes and during the prior 12 months, based on the criteria from the DSM-IV (APA, 1994). The 1991-92 NLAES found that 7.4 percent of adults were abusing or dependent on alcohol (Grant, 1995). In the 2001-02 NESARC, the rate of alcohol abuse among adults was 4.7 percent, and the rate of alcohol dependence was 3.8 percent. Between 1992 and 2002, the prevalence of alcohol abuse increased and the prevalence of dependence declined (Grant et al., 2004). In 2002, NSDUH found that 7.9 percent of adults were abusing or dependent on alcohol; in 2003, this rate was 7.7 percent, and in 2004 the rate was 8.0 percent. The NLAES and NESARC also found that the prevalence of marijuana dependence or abuse among adults increased from 1.2 percent in 1992 to 1.5 percent in 2002 (Compton et al., 2004). In comparison, the 2002 NSDUH found that 2.7 percent of adults were dependent on or abusing some illicit drug; the rates were 2.6 percent in 2003 and 2.8 percent in 2004. The 2002 and 2003 NSDUHs both estimated that 3.2 million adults (1.5 percent) were dependent on or abusing marijuana; this estimate was 3.5 million (1.6 percent) in 2004. Although the estimates from these two surveys are relatively close, one should note that they were conducted using different methodologies.
The Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study (1981-83) was the first survey to administer a structured psychiatric interview and provided population-based estimates of psychiatric disorders. The prevalence rates were estimated by collecting data from households and group quarters (e.g., prisons, nursing homes, mental hospitals) in five local catchment areas (Baltimore, Los Angeles, New Haven, North Carolina, and St. Louis) that had been previously designated as Community Mental Health Center catchment areas. There were three waves of data collection with 20,861 respondents; the first and third waves were interviewer-assisted personal interviews, and the second wave was a telephone interview conducted with household participants only (Eaton et al., 1984). The ECA utilized the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), a structured clinical instrument that can be used by nonclinically trained interviewers to generate DSM-III (APA, 1980) diagnoses of psychiatric and substance use disorders. A supplemental sample of institutional settings, such as nursing homes, psychiatric hospitals, and prisons, also was included to capture those respondents with a high probability of having a mental disorder.
The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was conducted in response to the limitations of the ECA and a broader need to produce nationally representative data on psychiatric conditions. The first wave of the survey revealed that 48.7 percent of the population had at least one axis I or II disorder in their lifetime. This percentage can be broken down into the following: 21 percent with one disorder, 13 percent with two disorders, and 14 percent with three or more disorders (Kessler, 1994). In 2004, NSDUH estimated that 9.9 percent of persons aged 18 or older were classified as having serious psychological distress (SPD) in the past year (see Section B.4.4 in Appendix B for SPD's comparability with SMI).
Preliminary findings from the NCS-R study in 2001-02 indicate that the lifetime and past year prevalence of major depressive disorder was 16.2 and 6.6 percent, respectively. A large percentage of those with lifetime (71.1 percent) and 12-month (78.5 percent) psychiatric disorders also had at least one additional DSM-defined psychiatric disorder, suggesting that the burden of mental disorders is pervasive in the general population (Kessler et al., 2003a, 2003b). In 2004, NSDUH estimated that 14.8 percent of adults experienced a major depressive episode in their lifetime, and 8.0 percent experienced one in the past year.
NESARC was sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and designed to be a longitudinal study with the first wave of data (43,093) collected between 2001 and 2002. An additional wave (2004 and 2005) is currently under way. The study contains comprehensive assessments of drug use, abuse, and dependence, as well as associated mental disorders. Extensive data on the utilization of treatment programs and medical care also are being collected. NESARC is a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population aged 18 or older residing in the contiguous United States, the District of Columbia, or Hawaii. The design also oversampled young adults aged 18 to 24 and minorities to increase precision, ensure adequate cell sizes for variables with low event rates, and ensure representation of major racial/ethnic categories. DSM-IV diagnoses of major mental disorders were generated using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-version 4 (AUDADIS-IV), which is a structured diagnostic interview that captures major DSM-IV axis I and axis II disorders. The 12-month prevalence estimates show that 9.2 percent of respondents experienced an independent (i.e., not attributable to illness or substance use) mood disorder in the past year, whereas 11.0 percent experienced an independent anxiety disorder (Grant et al., 2004).
The NSPY, described above, is distinct in that it measures drug use and attitudes among youths as young as 9 years. The earlier NSPY results showed that youths aged 9 to 11 were strongly opposed to marijuana use. Wave 3 of the survey estimated that only 0.3 percent of youths aged 9 to 11 had used marijuana in the past year. The corresponding rates for Waves 1 and 2 were 0.8 and 0.0 percent, respectively (ONDCP, 2005).
The Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS) was designed (a) to estimate the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of drug abuse among all types of people residing in one metropolitan area of the country during one period of time with a special focus on populations who were underrepresented or unrepresented in household surveys and (b) to develop a methodological model for similar types of research in other metropolitan areas of the country. Sponsored by NIDA and conducted from 1989 to 1995 by RTI International and Westat, Inc., the project included 11 separate but coordinated studies that focused on different population subgroups (e.g., homeless people, institutionalized individuals, adult and juvenile offenders, new mothers, drug use treatment clients) or different aspects of the drug abuse problem (e.g., adverse consequences of drug abuse). DC*MADS provided a replicable methodological approach for developing representative estimates of the prevalence of drug abuse among all population subgroups, regardless of their residential setting, in a metropolitan area. The key population domains in DC*MADS were homeless people, institutionalized persons, and the household population.
A major finding of DC*MADS was that, when data are aggregated for populations from each of the three domains, the overall prevalence estimates for the use of drugs differ only marginally from those that would be obtained from the household population alone (i.e., from NSDUH), largely because the other populations are very small compared with the household population. However, a somewhat different picture emerged when the numbers of drug users were examined. Adding in the nonhousehold populations resulted in an increase of approximately 14,000 illicit drugs users compared with the corresponding estimates for the household population. About 25 percent of past year crack users, 20 percent of past year heroin users, and one third of past year needle users were found in the nonhousehold population (Bray & Marsden, 1999).
The 2002 DoD Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel was the 8th in a series of studies conducted since 1980. The sample consisted of 12,756 active-duty Armed Forces personnel worldwide who anonymously completed self-administered questionnaires that assessed substance use and other health behaviors. For the total DoD, during 30 days prior to the survey, heavy alcohol use declined from 20.8 percent in 1980 to 15.4 percent in 1998 and increased significantly to 18.1 percent in 2002; past month cigarette smoking decreased from 51.0 percent in 1980 to 29.9 percent in 1998 and increased significantly to 33.8 percent in 2002; and past month use of any illicit drugs declined from 27.6 percent in 1980 to 2.7 percent in 1998 and also showed a nonsignificant change in 2002 to 3.4 percent (Bray et al., 1999, 2003). In 2002, military personnel had significantly higher rates of heavy alcohol use than their civilian counterparts (16.9 vs. 11.2 percent) when demographic differences between the military and civilian populations were taken into account (civilian data were drawn from the 2001 NSDUH and adjusted to reflect demographic characteristics of the military). Differences in military and civilian heavy alcohol use rates were largest for men aged 18 to 25. Among this age group, the military rate was nearly twice as high as the adjusted civilian rate (32.2 vs. 17.8 percent). Military personnel showed similar rates of cigarette use (31.6 vs. 31.1 percent) compared with civilians. Rates of illicit drug use in the military were significantly lower than those observed for the comparable civilian population when demographic differences between the military and civilian populations were taken into account (3.3 vs. 12.1 percent).
The 1997 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities sampled inmates from a universe of 1,409 State prisons and 127 Federal Prisons for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). Systematic random sampling was used to select the inmates for the computer-assisted personal interviews. The final numbers interviewed were 14,285 State prisoners and 4,041 Federal prisoners. Among other items, these surveys collected information on the use of drugs in the month before the offense for convicted inmates. Women in State prisons (62.4 percent) were more likely than men (56.1 percent) to have used drugs in the month before the offense (BJS, 1999, 2000). Women also were more likely to have committed their offense while under the influence of drugs (40.4 vs. 32.1 percent of male prisoners). Among Federal prisoners, men (45.4 percent) were more likely than women (36.7 percent) to have used drugs in the past month. Male and female Federal prisoners were equally likely to report the influence of drugs during their offense (22.7 percent of male and 19.3 percent of female prisoners). The survey results indicate substantially higher rates of drug use among State and Federal prisoners as compared with the household population.
|Drug/Current Grade Level
|NSDUH (January-June)
|Past Year
|Past Month
|Past Year
|Past Month
|8th grade
|10th grade
|12th grade
|8th grade
|10th grade
|12th grade
|8th grade
|10th grade
|12th grade
|8th grade
|10th grade
|12th grade
|8th grade
|10th grade
|12th grade
|-- Not available.
a Difference between 2003 estimate and 2004 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.
b Difference between 2003 estimate and 2004 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.
MTF = Monitoring the Future.
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2003 and 2004.
The Monitoring the Future Study, University of Michigan, 2003 and 2004.
|NSDUH (JanuaryJune)
|Lifetime Use
|Past Month Use
|Lifetime Use
|Past Month Use
|Lifetime Use
|Past Month Use
|Lifetime Use
|Past Month Use
|Lifetime Use
|Past Month Use
|-- Not available. The YRBS is only conducted every 2 years.
YRBS = Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, January-June for 2003 and 2004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003.
|Use Measure
|Age Group
|Percent Reporting Use
(Full Year)
(Full Year)
(Full Year)
|Past Year
|12 to 13
|14 to 16
|12 to 18
|Past Month
|12 to 13
|14 to 16
|12 to 18
|-- Not available.
1NSPY estimates for 2002 are averages of data from Wave 5 (collected between January and June 2002) and Wave 6 (collected between July and December 2002).
NSPY = National Survey of Parents and Youth.
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Survey of Parents and Youth, 2002, JanuaryJune 2003.
|NHIS (January September)
|NSDUH (January September)
|18 to 44
|45 to 64
|65 or Older
|18 to 44
|45 to 64
|65 or Older
|18 to 44
|45 to 64
|65 or Older
|Note: For the NHIS, past month cigarette use is defined as currently smoking daily or smoking on 1 or more days in the past month or quitting smoking fewer than 30 days ago (for those who smoked 100+ cigarettes in the lifetime). The analysis excluded those with unknown use status (about 1 percent each year). For NSDUH, past month cigarette use is defined as having smoked in the past month. For comparison purposes, the NSDUH definition was adjusted to include those who had smoked in the past month and smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
NHIS = National Health Interview Survey.
Sources: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2003 and 2004.
National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2003 and 2004.
1 Beginning with the 2002 survey year, the survey name was changed from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
This page was last updated on June 16, 2008.


text:
LemonFree has found some important recall information regarding 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee (7/2/2013)
Campaign Number: 13V289000
Component Name: EXTERIOR LIGHTING
Manufacturer: Chrysler Group LLC
Description: Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2014, non-SRT trimmed, Grand Cherokee vehicles manufactured January 14, 2013, through March 20, 2013 equipped with premium headlamps. In the affected vehicles, when switching between daytime running lights and parking lights, electrical spikes may cause the parking lamps to turn off. Without properly functioning parking lamps these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."
Defect: Without parking lamps, the vehicle may not be as visible to other vehicles, increasing the risk of a crash.
Corrective Action: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the Central Body Controller software, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin in August 2013. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N42.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two Northern Virginia lawmakers have posted an online video of themselves easily buying a handgun and a high-capacity ammunition clip at a recent gun show. They are trying to talk their fellow legislators into making gun transactions somewhat more restrictive.
Their fight will be an uphill one. The Virginia legislature is quite gun-friendly. Even visitors can bring handguns into the statehouse, if they have a concealed-weapons permit. And in Virginia, those permits are easy to get.
The legislative session is now in full swing here with committees considering hundreds of bills. Delegate Patrick Hope and Sen. Adam Ebbin have companion bills they call "gun safety legislation." Both men recently attended a huge gun show in Chantilly, and with a hidden camera, they showed how easy it is for anyone to purchase a handgun and a high-capacity ammunition clip.
"We wanted to see for ourselves just how easy it is to purchase a gun without a criminal background check," explained Del. Patrick Hope (D-Arlington). "I was stunned it was easier than I even thought. In fact, you go around and ask people, 'Where can I buy a gun without a criminal background check?' And people point out the different dealers that you could do that. It was easier than I imagined and I was shocked."
In the video, the private seller jokes about the lack of a background check: "You're not a felon. You're not a felon this week. (laughter) Next week, we donut count." The delegate lays out $175 in cash and purchases a .22 caliber pistol.
Senator Adam Ebbing (D-Arlington/Alexandria) spent $20 and purchased high-capacity ammunition magazine.
"I bought a 30-round ammunition magazine that can be used lethally," said Ebbing in an interview. "And this is the same sort of device that [was] be used in Newtown, Conn. to take 20 innocent childrens' lives and six brave adults' lives."
The two legislators are trying to talk the general assembly into requiring background checks for every weapons transaction. They also want to make it a crime for anyone to sell (or give) a weapon to someone who is mentally ill, and they want to ban high-capacity magazines. Yet another bill would keep weapons out of the Virginia Statehouse.
Those who favor gun rights are expected gather here in great numbers on Monday. Their message to legislators will be: do not restrict sales; society is safer when people can choose to protect themselves with firearms.


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While the drought is devastating farmers across the Midwest, some have gotten lucky. In fact, the apple crop in Minnesota is running two weeks ahead of schedule.
So if there's an upside to the unusual weather of 2012, you'll be able to get those delicious Minnesota apples about two weeks sooner.
"This is one of the earliest harvests that I've seen in 30 plus years here, and that goes back to that early spring we had," said University of Minnesota apple breeder David Bedford.
But you could be paying more for those tasty apples. Bedford says the biggest challenge for apple orchards was a warm spring followed by a late frost.
"We had 21 degrees here for two nights during bloom," Bedford said. "And that should have been the end of apples as we know then here."
But while some apple growers dodged a bullet, others were not so lucky. Statewide, the apple crop will be down about 50 percent, which could mean higher prices. Meanwhile the extreme drought across the Midwest has driven corn prices up 60 percent.
"Some of those areas are down 30 inches in annual moisture.," said FOX 9 chief meteorologist Ian Leonard.
What some are calling a "flash drought" is the worst since 1988, but still a far cry from the dust bowl days of the 1930s .
"So, it's a severe deficit but might be a situation that's not long-term," said Dave Nicolai with the University of Minnesota extension services.
Nicolai says what's not a total loss will translate to a more than 10 percent drop in corn and soybean yields nationwide. But more than half of Minnesota farmers could cash in on the value of their crop with better than an average year.
"What saved the majority of corn in Minnesota this year was one of the wettest springs we've ever had," Leonard said. "April and May quite literally saved the saved the corn crop this year. Not for everybody, but for most Minnesota farmers.
And while the unusual weather of 2012 certainly hurt many farmers, as a researcher Bedford says he'll be closely watching the effect it'll have.
"We've been breeding apples for over 100 years here," he said. "And in that period we've seen some cold years some wet years. So this is one of those years we'll remember and make some good notes from for sure."
WTTG FOX 5 & myfoxdc
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Need new tires before winter? Here's a chance to win 4 new tires. http://rewards.keloland.com/app2/Contest/BMKCKB
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All of us who have lost babies have received idiotic comments. So I thought I'd post this thread for us to be able to vent!
What kind of stupid comments have you received?
I'll start.
The most recent comment I had was this: "At least she won't get the chance to grow up, make bad decisions, and end up losing her salvation. At least now you know she made it to heaven." What the heck?????
I also hate when people say "hearing your story made me so grateful for my own children. As soon as I read about your loss I went home and snuggled my healthy babies." That's great, and you should feel that way, but thanks for reminding me what I don't have!
I'm sure I'll think of more to add.
Anyone else????
I must be going through the angry phase of my grief because I have needed to vent a LOT today!


text:
Predictably enough, David Ortiz was in excellent spirits after hitting his first homer of the season, a two-run shot in the bottom of the fifth inning against Toronto left-hander Brett Cecil. Ortiz said that a weight had been lifted, and suggested that his ability to carry that into aggressive swings in his two subsequent at-bats (a strikeout and single) suggested that he was on the track to reversing a brutal season-long slump, and a homer-less drought that had reached a career-long 149 at-bats.
"I feel like I got all my confidence back," Ortiz said. "I look like a real hitter out there, not like the Punch and Judy (hitter) I have been for the first 40 games."
For the full transcript of Ortiz' post-game remarks, visit the Full Count blog.
Tom joined the show after the close win over Oakland.
WEEI.com's Mike Petraglia and Chris Price break down the Patriots' 16-9 win over the Raiders and debate how big the Patriots' issues are.
Tom E. calls the boys to give his take on the week 3 home opener in which it should end in a Patriots victory.
Jackie Mac joins the guys to discuss her thoughts on a possible mid-season tournament in the NBA, LeBron's return to Cleveland, trade rumors with the Celtics and Red Sox, and Darrelle Revis' contract situation.
Jackie MacMullan of ESPN Boston to talk about the Lebron James Saga, the possibility of Rajon Rondo being traded, and the future of Marcus Smart.
Former coach of Celtics 1st-round pick Marcus Smart, Travis Ford joins MFB to talk about what Celtics fans should expect from the strong point guard. Among other things, Coach Ford says Smart will be a hard worker, and will improve his shooting ability.
Joe and Dave talk with David Ortiz after he hits two home runs to propel the Red Sox to an extra-innings win over the Baltimore Orioles.
Ben Cherington discussed the debut of Castillo and his thoughts on Jeter.
As the season winds down, We check in Sox skipper John Farrell as we await the Boston debut of Rusney Castillo.
Rob Bradford is joined by WEEI.com Bruins beat writer DJ Bean, as well as Boston sports fan/blogger Turtleboy to talk all things Bruins free agency. With the B's recent moves, the conversation turns to where the Bruins might next turn and what kind of dent losing Jarome Iginla and Shawn Thornton might make.
DJ discusses Shawn Thornton's new deal, and the on going negotiations with Jerome Iginla
DJ Bean joins the program to dismiss the recent rumors that the Bruins are in discussions to trade Brad Marchand to the Sharks for Patrick Marleau
Tom joined the show after the close win over Oakland.
Tim Hasselbeck joined the show to discuss week 3 in the NFL.
The top stories of the day as recounted by Kirk Minihane.
Jerod Mayo gives Christian karaoke advice and previews the Patriots home opener.
Christian chooses his song for Karaoke tonight.
Adam Schefter joins MFB to talk about the latest with Roger Goodell and how he is going to handle his upcoming press conference.
We check in with the great 88, the playmaker Michael Irvin joins Dale and Holley.
Michael, Dale and Tom E. Curran break down, react and take your calls about NFL commissioner Roger Goodell's first public press conference this regular season.
For our final segment we take a look back at the infamous Snow Bowl and the Tuck Rule play, this time via Raiders radio and more.
Co-founder and chairman of the Boston Beer Company, Jim Koch, talks about his Sam Adams beer and the history of his brewery.
Danny picard is filling in for Mikey and talks with CSNNE's Mike Giardi about Clay Buchholz heading up the Red Sox pitching rotation, and how the Patriots have looked through training camp so far.
Mut and Villani are talking about whether the Red Sox will give Jon Lester the type of contract he is looking for, or whether they might be shopping him with rumors of the Red Sox scouting Cole Hamels.
Jerry Thornton joins Dino and Kirk for the second edition of Breaking Balls. They dive into a variety of topics including their feelings about polarizing Boston sports media members.
Your beloved hosts are joined by WEEI.com Bruins reporter DJ Bean as well as producer of the Dennis & Callahan Show, Craig "Sausage" Sawisch. Support America: Support Your Local Post Office
Dennis, Callahan and Minihane make their podcast debut. This week's topics include Adrian Peterson, Greg Hardy, Jenny Dell and some discussion on people we've encountered with the worst breath.
Rodney Harrison addressed his non comments earlier in the week with MFB.More from this show
Michael, Dale and Tom E. Curran break down, react and take your calls about NFL commissioner Roger Goodell's first public press conference this regular season.More from this show
We check in with the great 88, the playmaker Michael Irvin joins Dale and Holley.More from this show
The guys opened the show responding to MFB's MFK.More from this show
Cuck Wilson Founder/Exec. Dir. of Even Field™, International award-winning interviewer and commentator and RI RHOF member joins John Rooke in studio. Scott Cordischi calls in from Georgetown, and they take your calls on this weeks issues. David Ortiz sets another Red Sox record, is he heading to the HOF? Roger Goodell is on the hot seat and he joins us for "3 Things"More from this show


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This program starts at the place of your residence with transfer to our starting point in Konavle.
* April to November
Price of the program includes:
* Insurance
* Transfer to starting point and back (1 to 7 persons)
* English speaking guide / instructor
* Safety helmets
* Water, fruit juices, wine, snacks, sandwiches
We recommend you to bring along:
* Sport and comfortable footwear and clothing
* Sunglasses
* Camera
* Passport or valid identification document is required (a release of liability must be signed prior the activity)
* Minimum age of a driver:16 years
* Previous ATV driving experience is not required
* All participants drive on their own responsibility
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This holiday is outfitted and guided sea kayaking tour. On this tour you will explore the small islands and hidden bays from the kayak, as also explore Dubrovnik and some beautiful islands around Dubrovnik, island Sipan, Lopud, Kolocep and Lokrum.....
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Sea Kayaking Dubrovnik Pile
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Guided Tours City Wall& Island Lokrum ( Half day Tour ) Kayak Rental Service All equipment+Snack included...
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Kayaking Dubrovnik archipelago - shore excursions
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If you are visiting Dubrovnik on a cruise our half day sea kayaking tours are a great way to explore hidden beauties of the southern Croatia. Seize the day and paddle the clear blue Adriatic around the green Elaphite Islands with our friendly guides...
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Paddling the clear blue Mediterranean around the Pearl of Adriatic, Dubrovnik - Croatia by our seakayaks with friendly guides is a holiday you will love. We invite you to join us on our paddling tours around green Elaphite Islands....
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Rafting, canoeing, sea kayaking, bicycling, sailing and walking one- and multi-day trips in Croatia. Huck Finn is the leading adventure travel operator and outfitter in Croatia. We operate in Dubrovnik, Split, Zadar, Istra and Zagreb areas....
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Cruises in Croatia & on Dalmatian Coast
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Cruising holidays around the Dalmatian Islands of Croatia's Adriatic in luxury wooden sailing gulets or motor cruises, plus crewed & bareboat yacht charters....
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Dubrovnik, Croatia Kayaking & Canoeing
This trip will show you Croatia's highlights over an 8-day period while keeping you active through various daily excursions....
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paddle and snorkel in crystal Adriatic Sea on our half day sea kayaking tour...The magnificent walls rising from the sea, beautiful hidden beaches and caves, mystical Island of Lokrum and the view at the old city haven will create moments to remember...
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Dubrovnik Countryside Wine Tasting & Bike Ride
Dubrovnik, Croatia Bike Tours
From Dubrovnik or its surroundings you will be transfered by van to Konavle region, one of the most spectacular and renowned areas of the region where your ride will begin. You'll bike on quite and one of the most scenic paved roads in Croatia...
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Studio Apartment Old Town Simovic
Dubrovnik, Croatia Vacation Rentals
Our apartment is inside the city walls, in the old part of Dubrovnik, just a couple of stairs from the main street Stradun, near Museum Rupe. The apartment consists of 1 bedroom with 2 beds, living room with 1 sofa-bed, kitchen and toilet with showe...
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Villa Moretic Apartments offers you four apartments for memorable vacation and your complete rest.Each apartment have a beautifull view on crystal sea and lovely bay of Zaton and are tastefully decorated and fully ecquipped....
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Apartments Old Town Dubrovnik
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The house is located in the historical part of the town; inside the OLD City Walls. It is situated near the monuments museums restorants beach . We offer: - house Katarina with apart. Danijela and studio Petra , - apart AKA 6 pe...
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Funtana, Croatia Personal Growth
A unique opportunity to relax, to express yourself freely, to develop creative potentials, revitalizing the inner strengtht and getting back to balance with nature within the inspiring Istrian landscapes through art, dance, movement, creativity......
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National Park Plitvice Trip
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Spend the day in the beautiful surroundings of Plitvice National Park Walk by the side of terraced lakes and waterfalls Look out for shy wildlife, such as wolves and deer...
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Adventure week on most beautiful island in Croatia
Hvar, Croatia Sight-Seeing Tours
Sailing, sea kayaking, hiking, free climbing. See and feel the nature, inspire yourselfs and take back unforgetable memories and sceneries.sail & kayak in crystal blue sea, visit unique bays and places, learn about traditional life on island....
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Sightseeing Tour Zadar, Croatia
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Guided tours in Zadar/Zadar County, National parks, islands, wine tours, remains of roman towns, etc. by licenced tour guid ! ...
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Experience the magic of the Island Hvar
Hvar, Croatia Hotels & Resorts
Apartments Irena are located in the city of Hvar, in a quiet environment, on a natural hill, where every guest can enjoy in a wonderful view of the crystal clear sea, of the island Palmižana and beautiful beaches, which are situated only few minutes...
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Bike tour in the heart of Dalmatia
Sinj, Croatia Bike Tours
This is a unique bike tour that takes you trough amazing landscapes of Dalmatian inland including vist to nacional park Krka. It is a 7 day tour at affordable price that includes all except flights....
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Hvar Accommodation-Guesthouse Zakaria
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A vacation rental ( Bed-and-breakfast... optionally) in Hvar, Croatia... very centrally located Holiday accommodation in rustic ambiance...
|Link Code


text:
18 U.S. Code § 1831 - Economic espionage
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(a) In General.— Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent, knowingly—
(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains a trade secret;
(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret;
(3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization;
(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3), and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy,
shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined not more than $5,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
(b) Organizations.— Any organization that commits any offense described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than the greater of $10,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided.
Source(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a),Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3488; amended Pub. L. 112–269, § 2,Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2442.)
2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–269, § 2(a), substituted "not more than $5,000,000" for "not more than $500,000" in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–269, § 2(b), substituted "not more than the greater of $10,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided" for "not more than $10,000,000".
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
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|Description of Change
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|Statutes at Large
|§ 1831
|112-269 [Sec.] 2
|126 Stat. 2442
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Popular Stories in Nightlife
Jack Radcliffe @ Woof/Eagle :: September 19, 2008
The relaunch of Bear Magazine brought icon Jack Radcliffe out to party in NYC last Friday night. EDGE caught the fun on film - here are the shots!
Circuit Night Club :: January 25, 2014
Circuit Nightclub was kept caliente on a cold night with a Latin theme.
Ivy Queen @ Circuit Nightclub :: February 6, 2014
Ivy Queen brought a wild night to Circuit nightclub. Check out the photos.


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Dire financial times have parents in Inkster worried about their kids' education.
Leaders with Inkster Public Schools have until 5 p.m. Monday to come up with a lot of cash or the district could be dissolved. State leaders feel it is just not viable anymore.
"Some things aren't fixable, and my team said even a manager with the powers that they would have couldn't come in and fix this," said state Treasurer Andy Dillon. "But we're willing to take another look and let Inkster show us that we're wrong."
Dillon said the district is currently working with Comerica Bank to get enough funding to carry them through the upcoming school year.
However, if that does not happen, a new law signed by the governor in July gives the state the authority to basically disband it or any other struggling school district whether parents like it or not.
"I think it's crazy. I think that they shouldn't close the schools down because there's nowhere for the kids to go. There's too many kids out here, and what are they going to do about their education," said Kenita Gee.
The effected students would likely go to bordering districts instead such as Romulus, Taylor, Wayne-Westland or Westwood.
It is a business decision based on a nearly $15 million budget deficit, but for parents there is more at stake.
"I came out, my brothers came out, my whole entire family came out, so I really would like for at least one of my kids to come out of that school," said Craig Ellis. "We're just going to keep the prayers going, and we might get lucky."
KDFW FOX 4400 N. Griffin StreetDallas, Texas 75202
Main Station Directory:(214) 720-4444News Fax:(214) 720-3263 or (214) 720-3333


text:
South Dakota State Library: Digital Collections
State of South Dakota
Office of the Governor
Executive Order 2013-17
WHEREAS, The people of South Dakota are faced with extremely low inventories and outages of propane; and,
WHEREAS, The return of normal supply flows to fuel terminals in South Dakota is unknown; and,
WHEREAS, Drivers of propane transport vehicles are required to deliver propane necessary to maintain the supply of this product in order to enable the people of South Dakota to continue normal agricultural functions; and,
WHEREAS, It is the responsibility of the State to assist the people of South Dakota in meeting problems of mutual concern, and transportation of this product is in demand for agriculture production needs; and,
WHEREAS, In the interest of public safety, SDCL 49-28A-3, and 49 CFR Part 395 of the U.S . Department of Transportation Motor Carrier Safety Regulations regulate the hours of service requirements for drivers of propane transport vehicles and may unnecessarily delay the transportation of this fuel; and,
WHEREAS, Propane transport companies, while under this order, shall not require or allow fatigued drivers to operate a motor vehicle. A driver who informs a carrier he/she needs immediate rest shall be given adequate rest before the driver is required to return to service; and,
WHEREAS, Nothing contained in this declaration shall be construed as an exemption from the controlled substances, alcohol use, and testing requirements (49 CFR Part 382), the commercial driver's license requirements (49 CFR Part 383), the financial responsibility requirements (49 CFR Part 387), applicable size and weight requirements, or any other portion of the regulations not specifically identified; and,
IT IS, THEREFORE, BY EXECUTIVE ORDER, Directed, notwithstanding SDCL 49-28A-3 and 49 CFR Part 395 of the U.S. Department ofTransportation Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, that a state of emergency exists in South Dakota, and that such transportation and delivery of propane into or within South Dakota shall be exempt from 49 CFR Part 395, otherwise known as the federal hours of service regulations; and
BE IT FURTHER ORDERED, This executive order shall expire upon conclusion ofthe emergency, but no later than midnight, November 30,2013.
Dated in Pierre, South Dakota, this Twenty-third day of October, 2013.
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


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Gleaners Community Food Bank provides more than one-hundred thousand meals a day by distributing food to more than 500 soup kitchens, shelters and pantries. But now, during the government shutdown, the non-profit is bracing itself for possibly even more residents who may be needing help. The greater need for food would come from people who, during the shutdown, can no longer depend on government programs for food."What happens when people can't use food stamps at the store? Well the stores are making a lot less money. The stores make less money, they're going to lay people off, and that creates a cascading impact," Gerry Brisson from Gleaners says."If this lasts a week it's not going to be as big a deal for them, but if this lasts three weeks, a month, a month and a half - which we hope it doesn't - it could be a big issue," Alan Whitman says. Whitman is a managing partner at Baker Tilly, an agency that works with many local non-profits including Gleaners.
Brisson continues: "We're concerned for sure. We're watching all this very carefully and we're going out to the public pretty strongly now to say - let's be prepared for whatever happens."For more information on Gleaners, visit http://www.Gcfb.Org.
KSAZ-TV & KUTP511 W. Adams St.Phoenix, AZ 85003Phone: (602) 257-1234Fax: (602) 262-0177


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I admit it. I fished you in with a phony headline.
However, this fight scene between voice actors Tim Daly "Superman: The Animated Series" and Kevin Conroy "Batman: The Animated Series" is a geek's delight.
Let's hope Henry Cavill and Ben Affleck offer more than a few cheap laughs.
Greg Belfrage is an avid Star Trek fan, serious Batman toy collector and hopeless geek. He hosts the morning show on KELO Newstalk 1320 AM / 107.9 FM.


text: Wild Women of Song featuring songstress Pamela Rose is part of the World Theater Performing Arts Series October 17th. Go to the KWAV Facebook Page for win tickets. Pamela Rose presents Wild Women of Song is a captivating showpiece celebrating the lives, times and music of the Women songwriters of the Tin Pan Alley era. With dramatic projected images, and superb storytelling, Rose artfully delivers a cultural retrospective while treating the audience to a wonderful live jazz and blues concert. "It's more than a jazz concert. It's a swinging honors course in womankind!" Bruce Kelley, San Francisco Magazine Pamela Rose presents Wild Women of Song has performed to capacity audiences at Performing Arts Centers, Jazz Clubs and Festivals, Non-Profit Fundraisers and Educational Centers from Los Angeles to London. In 2011, the show was featured at the Monterey Jazz Festival, the SF Jazz Festival and Stanford Jazz Workshop. "Her multimedia show is equal parts concert and history lesson. Rose and her talented band routinely draw rave reviews from fans and critcs...notably, her set at Monterey Jazz Festival had people buzzing!" Jim Harrington, San Jose Mercury News


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Great travel photos from around the world
New York is a city built on water. Four of its five boroughs - Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island - are located on islands, and the city's ...
Winslow Homers in the shadow of a defunct Beech-Nut baby food plant. A Rembrandt, Picasso, Rubens and Renoir up the hill from a paper mill. The founder...
If summer in Rhode Island has a taste, it's lemon — or, rather, Del's Frozen Lemonade.
Rooftop lounges and pool-deck plazas at urban hotels are so hot, they are sizzling.
Life is about the journey, not the destination - unless you're on a bicycle trip to New York City.
NEW YORK, N.Y. - You can just barely see them through the window of the No. 7 subway as it rattles into the elevated station in Corona, Queens: a gigantic...
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text:
As schoolteacher Miss Shields in Broadway's A Christmas Story, Caroline O'Connor knows all the right answers—including how to decorate a dressing room for the holidays. Take a peek backstage and see for yourself!
The Tony-winning musical The Lion King celebrated 15 years on Broadway with a triumphant performance and lavish celebration. Hear from the award-winning creators and current cast about why The Lion King is unlike any other show on Broadway.November 19, 2012
It was a special night at The Phantom of the Opera when Andrew Lloyd Webber and more were on hand to see Norm Lewis become the first African-American actor to play the title role on Broadway.May 14, 2014
Before he began performances in The Book of Mormon, Matt Doyle took the stage at Rockwood Music Hall for a one-night-only concert featuring songs from his soulful new album—and we caught all the music from the rock star performance!November 27, 2012
The Broadway cast performs the title song of "Mamma Mia!"January 26, 2010
See why playing the title role in Broadway's Violet might be Sutton Foster's most vulnerable role to date.June 4, 2014
Melody Yang, one of the stars of off-Broadway's Gazillion Bubble Show, explains how the show transports audiences and the fun ways kids interact with the bubbles.August 13, 2013
Broadway good guy Kyle Dean Massey talks about his four popular turns on Broadway, his mice-infested early days of summer stock and dirty Google searches.July 11, 2014
Did panelists Bennie, Jill and Kean fall for the new musical?March 18, 2012
In this week's episode Sierra Boggess takes us into the exclusive Club Christine. In part one of two, Sierra gabs with nine of the Phantom's past and present Christines. Come back for part two next week!July 22, 2014
Cabaret stars Alan Cumming, Michelle Williams, Danny Burstein, Linda Emond and more on telling an important story, singing iconic songs and fondling the beautiful ensemble in this musical revival.April 25, 2014
"Rock of Ages" star Constantine Maroulis sings "I Wanna Rock"January 21, 2010


text:
Hi all,
I have a challenge for you
Create as many pages as you want with my last Daily Download
if you didn't download it, you can still purchase it in the link below, it it's not that expensive :)
Here is the challenge: you can duplicate all items as you want, use the papers as you want, cut them into shapes, frames, letters, etc, etc, but you can't use anything else in your pages, except for fonts and/or alphas, for wordart, journaling title, etc.
Piut all your creativity into work and show me the best inside of you :)
The prize for the 2 pages I choose is to be my guest for 2 months.
What do you think?
The challenge will end on the 15th June. and I'm looking forward to see what you come up with.
HAVE FUN and GOOD LUCK!!!


text:
Conflict Zone
GameFAQs Answers
With GameFAQs Answers, you can both ask and answer specific questions about this game. If you have a GameFAQs account, then you can use GameFAQs Answers to get and give help.
Search answered questions
Answer questions
|Featured Open and Unanswered Questions
|how do I beat the liberation level?


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Wedding Photographers near waukomis,ok
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Kriea Arie Photography57 Reviews
Edmond, OK | 405-812-2766
Photography for your memories.(more)
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Deisy Photography12 Reviews
Oklahoma City , OK | 405-371-8094
I love to be different! So if you are someone who loves to go against the grain of traditional photography then you are looking in the right...(more)
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Dear Bride Your wedding photographs are destined to become heirlooms, to be passed down for generations to come. It's a once-in-a-lifetime event...(more)
Jessica Elle Photography21 Reviews
Photography that is Modern, Fashionable & Editorial
Oklahoma City, OK | 970-708-0481
After your cake gets eaten and your champagne gets drank, your guests go home and your gifts get opened, but your wedding photos will last forever....(more)
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To assure brides and grooms that they are going to be getting the best shots possible, I offer to do a free engagement photo shoot. I will do two hours of shooting, at a place of your choosing, and then after wards I'll give you the digital prints to keep whether or not you choose to book me for your wedding.
Sheradee Hurst Photography29 Reviews
Edmond, OK | 405-990-7507
Sheradee Hurst is an award winning international wedding photographer available for worldwide travel. Named as a Couples Choice Award 2014 and...(more)
Elite Studios9 Reviews
Tulsa. Oklahoma City (&Texas), OK | 918-999-5003
We have created an Innovative Style of Photography fused with Fashion, Photojournalism, Elegance and Class. We want to preserve your moments and...(more)
From Britt's Eye View Photography
Edmond, OK | 405-742-7444
OKLAHOMA WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHER(more)
Leia Smethurst photography2 Reviews
Oklahoma City, OK | 405-585-1848
I've learned that if you want your vision to be taken seriously, you MUST hire a serious professional. I've been a photographer since 2007, and...(more)
Browns Photography22 Reviews
"You will be thrilled with your wedding photos! We guarantee it!"
Stillwater, OK | 405-612-7379
Warren & Jackie are both full-time professional photographers covering weddings all over Oklahoma and Nation-wide. We are flexible with our...(more)
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Haylie Smith Photography2 Reviews
Yukon, OK | 405-596-8033
I love my job because I get to see and capture the most beautiful moments like a tears from a dad as he gives his daughter away or a kiss...(more)
Yellow Hair Photography7 Reviews
Chickasha, OK | 405-488-7047
Hello to all you Brides (and Grooms), Thank you for stopping by to take a look at my page! I am a natural light photographer, specializing in...(more)
Laske Images36 Reviews
Edmond, OK | 405-340-3339
OUR TEAM Our team of professional photographers are wedding experts, true masters of inspirational portraiture and creative artistry. With decades...(more)
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Edmond, OK | 580-478-5047
Hi! I am LeTyna Moss and I am a natural light, on location photographer. I serve the Edmond & Oklahoma City areas including the suburb areas. I...(more)
Bolt Photography13 Reviews
You Are Beautiful
Norman, OK | 405-414-6929
Our job is to capture your event in a way that lets you remember every detail of your big day as if it just happened. These are memories that you...(more)
Anna Lee Media25 Reviews
Oklahoma City, OK
OKLAHOMA CITY // LOS ANGELES // AUSTIN *Named "OKC's Photographer of the Year" by RAWArtists* Hey there! I'm Anna. Let me make your...(more)
Shan Cunningham Photography5 Reviews
Edmond, OK | 415-261-8320
Hi! I'm Shan! I am a wife, mama and photographer! I love my husband more than I can tell you. He is my better half and pushes me to be a...(more)
George Street Photo & Video813 Reviews
Your Moments. Forever.
George Street offers unparalleled photojournalistic photographic talent and creativity, personalized customer service, and prices for any wedding...(more)
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Oklahoma City, OK | 405-824-4419
A little about me: I have been a wedding photography artist for the last 20 years. It started for me own my wedding day, when the first glimpse of...(more)


text:
You might not be familiar with the term 'Z-Movie,' but if you grew up in the 90's, chances are you've seen one. They're the beyond-low-budget monstrosities that teased you from the walls of the mom-and-pop video store. Usually, the films themselves could never live up to the pictures on the videotape boxes (because this was way before your fancy 'Digital Video Discs' and 'Blu-Rays') but occasionally you'd find something truly unique. 'WEIRDO FLICKS' will clue you into some movies which 'unique' doesn't even begin to describe...
'Slaughterhouse' - 1987, Directed by Rick Roessler
In the 80's, pretty much EVERYBODY was making teen slasher flicks. No matter what kind of garbage you came up with, it went without saying that you could sell it to some video distributor and see your work in video stores across the country in a matter of weeks. While nowadays there are huge cults surrounding films like 'Sleepaway Camp' and 'Nightmare on Elm Street,' other flicks like Rick Roessler's 'Slaughterhouse' simply got lost in the shuffle. It's a shame, too, because this is just as great as stuff like 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre.'
Looking over Mr. Roessler's IMDB page, it appears as though he did this little film and nothing else. Maybe the movie industry didn't pay off as well as he was hoping? Who knows. Luckily, if you're internet-savvy enough, you can still see his magnum opus about a mentally handicapped fat guy named Buddy who goes on a killing rampage to save his dad's slaughterhouse from being bought out.
Of course, with a plot like that, how could you go wrong? Lester Bacon's family-run slaughterhouse is about to get bought out by some corporate fatcats, and while he's too old to do much about it, his son is a deranged maniac with a brand new meat cleaver he got for his birthday(!). And, while Lester doesn't necessarily ENCOURAGE Buddy's actions, he certainly doesn't try to stop him throughout the films duration. Even when Buddy gets bored of hacking up the old business guys responsible for the slaughterhouse's demise and starts tormenting teenagers at a local dance.
He even kills a cop, then steals the cops clothes, which are about 20 sizes too small for him. This results in plenty of hilarity. There are also the obligatory drunk teenagers who stumble onto the Bacon family's property and get hacked to pieces.
The production values on this film are relatively high considering the garbage I usually review here, and it has that perfectly hazy, neon-lighting look that makes 80's by-the-book slashers so much better than the ones today. The canned dialog and soundtrack of 'hard rock' amp up the unintentional humor factor as well.
To be fair, though, there is a fair amount of INTENTIONAL humor in this slimy flick. The over-the-top 'redneck' characters are great, and the stupidity of the teens allows you to root for Buddy every time he hacks one of them to bits. Also of note, the actor who plays Buddy had a bit role in 'Blood Diner,' another terrific piece of 80's horror garbage I've been meaning to review here.
So, if you're like me and want to take a trip back to the days before CGI and horror flicks that push all the easy buttons, get some buddies together, put 'Slaughterhouse' on, and have a good time.
VHS photo by Toby Hudson.


text: I have to admit--I can be a holiday curmudgeon. But this past weekend as my family was out and about we discovered an open house, Halloween event. As we were poking around and shopping, the kiddos went over and got their faces painted. Then they showed off their Frankenstein and Kitty Cat faces! They also asked what Daddy was dressing up as? Er uh-- hmmm... lemme think about that. Do you dress up for Halloween? I applaud parents who join in with their kiddos and dress up. WTG! (BTW, that face paint was a bear to wash off--we were explaining cat whiskers and blackened eye brows the next day--OK OK... enough, holiday curmudgeon-- i'll stop--- AND HOLY COW, how much are these costumes? YIKES! I hope they play with them the rest of the year... What's that-- oh yeah, oops... really, I'm done)


text:
Law professor named adviser for American Law Institute election project
The University of Kansas School of Law prepares students to be outstanding members of the legal profession with a commitment to professional achievement and public service.
Media contacts: Mindie Paget, email@example.com, 785-864-9205; or Emily Sharp, email@example.com, 785-864-2388
Why KU
- One-third of full-time faculty have written casebooks used at U.S. law schools
- 2 KU law faculty were U.S. Supreme Court clerks
- KU's Project for Innocence: 28 conviction reversals since 2009
- 7,300+ alumni live in all 50 states and 18 foreign countries
- Routinely ranked a "best value" law school
- 12 interdisciplinary joint degrees
- 26th nationwide for lowest debt at graduation. — U.S. News & World Report
- 23rd nationally among public law schools. "When Lawyers Do the Grading,"
—U.S. News & World Report
- 70 percent of upper-level law classes have 25 or fewer students
- 37th: for number of law graduates who are partners at nation's largest law firms
| News
- October 02, 2014
- Project looks at Mark Twain's world tour that reshaped his attitudes about race, colonialism and empire


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Review Headline & Number of Stars:
How many stars would you give this event?
Pros - What was good about the event?
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Who is this event best for?
Comments / Summary:
Who Are You?
GreatSeats.com is the perfect place to sell your unwanted or extra Tickets.


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News from WTOP
News from the AP
Mike Causey
Shows & Panels
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- The 2014 Big Picture on Cyber Security
- AFCEA Answers
- Ask the CIO
- Building the Hybrid Cloud
- CDWG/NetApp
- Connected Government: How to Build and Procure Network Services for the Future
- Continuing Diagnostics and Mitigation: Discussion of Progress and Next Steps
- Federal Executive Forum
- Federal Tech Talk
- The Future of Government Data Centers
- The Future of IT: How CIOs Can Enable the Service-Oriented Enterprise
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- The Intersection: Where Technology Meets Transformation
- Maximizing ROI Through Data Center Consolidation
- Mitigating Insider Threats in Virtual & Cloud Environments
- Modern Mission Critical Series
- Moving to the Cloud. What's the best approach for me
- Navigating Tough Choices in Government Cloud Computing
- The New Generation of Database
- Reimagining the Next Generation of Government
- Satellite Communications: Acquiring SATCOM in Tight Times
- Targeting Advanced Threats: Proven Methods from Detection through Remediation
- Transformative Technology: Desktop Virtualization in Government
- The Truth About IT Opex and Software Defined Networking
- Value of Health IT
- Air Traffic Management Transformation Report
- Cloud First Report
- General Dynamics IT Enterprise Center
- Gov Cloud Minute
- Government in Technology Series
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- National Cybersecurity Awareness Month
- Technology Insights
- The Cyber Security Report
- The Next Generation Cyber Security Experts
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Search Tags: Viet Luong
Commander: Afghan-Pakistan border impossible to seal
A senior U.S. commander said the focus is now fighting Taliban militants in Afghanistan.
Tags: DoD Report , Associated Press , Afghanistan , Pakistan , Taliban , military , Federal Drive
Wednesday - 12/29/2010, 09:35am EST


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Free Mass Effect 3: Rebellion Pack coming May 29
BioWare and Electronic Arts is continuing to expand the multiplayer mode of Mass Effect 3. Coming May 29th is a brand new DLC pack called "Rebellion," which adds more gear, more weapons, more maps, and more kits to the game's online offering. Best of all, it will be free for everyone that redeemed their Online Pass.
New Maps
- Firebase Jade
- Firebase Goddess
New Weapons
- Reegar Carbine Shotgun
- Krysae Sniper Rifle
- Cerberus Harrier Assault Rifle
New Characters
- Vorcha Soldier
- Vorcha Sentinel
- Male Quarian Engineer
- Male Quarian Infiltrator
- Ex-Cerberus Vanguard
- Ex-Cerberus Adept
This isn't the first free DLC BioWare has offered for the game. April's "Resurgence Pack" was also free for Online Pass users. Single player adventurers can look forward to the upcoming "Extended Cut" DLC, which BioWare plans on making free as well.
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text:
(RNN) - Climbing the economic ladder in this country is more of a dream than reality for some, and a new study revealed that depends a lot on where poor people live.
Cities like Memphis and Atlanta and other major metropolitan areas in the same geographic region are the least likely places for poor children to ascend to the top income brackets in adulthood.
Economics professors from Harvard University and the University of California-Berkeley recently released findings from the study. It explored the effects of tax expenditures such as the Earned Income Tax Credit and other social factors such as family structure, school systems and neighborhood demographics.
Memphis is the U.S. city with the worst economic mobility for poor children, according to the research. In this particular case, the effect worked both ways - only 31 percent of children born into the top 20 percent of income were expected to remain there into adulthood.
The New York Times used the data to compile its own map, which found west Georgia and west Mississippi were the two largest areas affected by this problem.
Despite being one of the most affluent cities in the country, Atlanta has one of the most severe disparities in economic opportunity. Only 4 percent of poor children were expected to reach the top 20 percent of earners by adulthood.
Close to half of families in Greenville, MS, are headed by single mothers, and the test scores of elementary and middle students there are among the worst in the country.
Although Auburn, AL, has one of the nation's lowest high school dropout rates, children born into poverty have only a 3.6 percent chance of moving into a higher economic percentile. Nearly one-third of family units have single mothers.
Though geography plays an obvious role in people's economic opportunities, one of the study's authors said it is difficult to explain how the country got to this point and how to fix it.
"There are no blanket answers as to what the right policies for mobility are at this point," said Nathaniel Hendren, an economics professor at Harvard. "We want to learn why some areas are so much better than some other areas. We know from other studies that teachers in schools have a dramatic impact on kids earning. Improving public schools is important, but that's not the end all, be all."
Salt Lake City (11.5 percent), San Francisco (11.2 percent), Boston (9.8 percent), New York (9.7 percent) and Los Angeles (9.6 percent) have the highest rates of upward mobility among major metropolitan cities.
The research team found most areas with low economic mobility had certain things in common.
For instance, many of the worst cities are likely to have a smaller middle class and low-income areas residentially separated from middle-income areas.
Poor quality K-12 school systems - determined by low test scores and high dropout rates - also have an effect.
Ultimately, the study found the strongest similarities between low-income, low-opportunity areas tend to be single-parent homes and a decreased emphasis on religion.
Other cities that are among the worst for upward mobility are Montgomery, AL; Columbus, GA; Spartanburg, SC; and Albany, GA.
Cities in the upper Midwest like Indianapolis, Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit are also on the lower tier of this trend. The same is true of western Alaska.
The research was conducted across a 30-year period that included millions of anonymous earnings records spanning two generations.
Copyright 2013 Raycom News Network. All rights reserved.
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text:
Verismo™ Milk Pods
A sealed, fresh-packed milk pod to make 2% caffè lattes. Used exclusively with the Verismo® System.
Tasting Notes
Enjoy this with:
Pair this with your favorite flavor espresso pod to make a creamy latte.
- Verismo™ Milk Pods
- Ingredients
We take fresh natural milk from the dairy, then extract the water using an innovative, gentle process to produce a very fine milk powder—the same delicious milk in dried form. Sealed in its Verismo™ pod, the milk remains fresh-packed until it is placed in the Verismo® machine. Combined with water under high pressure, the powder becomes liquid once again-perfect for your Starbucks® Caffè Latte—at home.
Pods are for single use only. Never reuse. Use milk pod only with milk brew cycle. Misuse of pods can damage machine.
Dry whole milk (30% milkfat).
- Product Details
Verismo™ Milk Pods
Enjoy with your favorite Starbucks® espresso pod to create a Starbucks® Caffè Latte for yourself, simply. A Starbucks recipe, now available at home.
Includes 12 - (10g) milk pods for use with the Verismo® System.


text:
Ludmila's Q & A
Who's your favorite sports team, and why?
SF 49's I love to support the city of San Francisco,
What's your favorite movie quote?
"Say hello to my little friend" LOL idk
What's your favorite video game, and could you kick our butts at it?
Any fighting game, like mortal combat, street fighter =)
Piercings/Tattoos (How many? Where?)
No tattoos, only my belly button is pierced.
What's the most embarrassing song on your iPod?
hmmm? I love them all but i have spice girls songs and the barbie song lol
What's your best party trick?
What's the most memorable pick-up line you've ever heard?
If I were a stop light, I'd turn red everytime you passed by, just so I could stare at you a bit longer.
What's the worst job you've ever had?
I worked at fast food when i was in high school I didnt like doing drive thru. lol
What's the most dangerous thing you've ever done?
surfing in another country I almost drowned.
It's 4AM after a crazy night out – what are we eating?
Mcdonalds apple pie and fries. lol
What's the strangest thing in your fridge right now?
pupusas yummy!!!!
What's the naughtiest thing you've ever done in public?
sex =)
What do you feel sexiest wearing?
just underwear.
Tell us a joke.
What do you call a cow with no legs? Ground beef =)