text:
Taxi fares from airport may increase by $2 per trip
It may soon cost a little more to grab a taxi from Richmond International Airport, but airport officials believe the extra fee will be worth it.
The Capital Region Airport Commission is asking Henrico and three other localities in the region to approve an additional $2 fee for taxi service that originates at the airport. Henrico's Board of Supervisors will hold a public hearing Oct. 23 to consider a change to its county code that would permit the fee.
Earlier this year, CRAC officials created new, stricter standards for walk-up taxi service at the airport and invited bids from taxi companies willing to meet them. Officials selected the proposals of three companies – Airport Taxi, Galaxy Cab and Richmond Flyer Taxi, which as of July 1 are the only three permitted to transport walk-up passengers. (Other taxi companies can pick up passengers on a pre-arranged basis only.)
The new standards required that each of the three companies:
• use only vehicles that are new as of this year;
• provide uniformed drivers who speak English as a second language, at a minimum, and who have completed a mandatory training program
• accept credit cards.
Each of the three companies is required to pay a $2-per-trip fee to CRAC for the right to provide pick-up service. Companies that provide pre-arranged service pay a $2.60 fee per trip to CRAC.
Because each of the three walk-up service companies invested heavily in order to meet the new standards, allowing them to recoup that $2 fee from passengers would help defray their costs, airport President and CEO Jon Mathiasen told the Henrico Board of Supervisors Sept. 25.
"We're trying to improve the overall appearance of ground transportation at Richmond International Airport," he said. "It is the front door and the last door that many visitors see [of Greater Richmond]."
The new standards make the airport one of few in the nation to offer an entire fleet of brand new vehicles (41 in total, including 5 that are fitted for disabled passengers), Mathiasen said. Each vehicle makes an average of 15 trips per day, Mathiasen said.
Taxi fares from the airport last increased five years ago this month.
Three Chopt District Supervisor Dave Kaechele said he had noticed a difference since the new standards took effect.
"The improvement is dramatic out there," he said. "It's very professional. I think it's got to make a big impression on visitors."
The airport is investing several hundred thousand dollars on a new queuing system that will help taxis conserve gas while they wait for passengers, Mathiasen said. It should be active within about two months.
Glen Allen student to perform at Carnegie Hall
Thanks to a first-place win in The American Protege International Vocal Competition 2014, Glen Allen High School student Matija Tomas will travel to New York City to perform at Carnegie Hall in December.
At the first-place winners recital in Weill Hall, Matija will perform Giacomo Puccini's opera aria, "Chi il bel sogna di doretta." She will perform with other vocalists from around the world and have the opportunity to win other awards and scholarships.
Locally, Thomas has performed with Richmond's renowned Glorious Christmas Nights, Christian Youth Theatre, and WEAG's Urban Gospel Youth Choir. > Read more.
Gayton Baptist Church dedicates new outreach center
The John Rolfe YMCA and Gayton Baptist Church have partnered in an effort to bring greater health and wellness opportunities to the community.
Through this partnership, the John Rolfe Y will run Youth Winter Sports programs, including basketball and indoor soccer, in Gayton's newly renovated $5.5 million outreach center that features a new gymnasium, youth and teen space, social space with café, meeting space and full service commercial kitchen. > Read more.
Henricus Historical Park to host Publick Day Sept. 20
Citizen Staff Reports 09/15/2014
Henricus Historical Park will commemorate its anniversary during Publick Day, a signature annual event that celebrates the establishment of the second successful English settlement in the New World. In September 1611, Sir Thomas Dale, along with soldiers, tradesmen and farmers, ventured from Jamestown to create the Citie of Henricus. Leaders of Henricus developed the first English hospital, chartered the first college in North America, established tobacco as the first cash crop in Virginia, and created a place where Pocahontas lived and met John Rolfe.
Publick Day will take place Saturday, Sept. 20, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission is free and parking is $5 per vehicle. > Read more.
Page 1 of 117 pages 1 2 3 > Last ›
Extras sought for AMC's 'TURN'
Paid extras are being sought to appear in the AMC television series TURN: Washington's Spies, which will begin filming its second season in the Richmond area at the end of September and continue through February.
No experience is required, but producers say that extras must have flexible availability, reliable transportation and a positive attitude.
Arvold Casting is holding an open call on Sunday, Sept. 21 and is seeking men, women and children who are Caucasian, African American and Native American, with thin to average builds and who can realistically portray people living in Revolutionary War times. Long hair is a plus but not a must. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
TGIF! Celebrate the weekend at Oak Hall Baptist Church's Community Block Party on Saturday. Learn more about ballroom dancing, art and Colonial times. Or take the kids to Generation Z Games for water play or Southern Season to cook up a Disney-theme meal. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
Check out these three B's in Henrico this weekend: books, bluegrass and "Born Yesterday." Other activities to participate in – and feel good about – are the 15th annual James River Regional Cleanup and the 5th annual Richmond Out of the Darkness Community Walk. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Glen Allen Day scheduled for Saturday
Business in brief
NBC News' Sara James to speak at Tucker HS convocation
Highland Springs HS wins Keep Virginia Beautiful grant
Henrico Police investigating suspicious death
- More News
Print Edition
Sep. 18, 2014Click here to read the print edition.
Extras sought for AMC's 'TURN'
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
When the cliche stands tall
Weekend Top 10
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Susie Ann Walker
Obituary – Philip "Al" Cebulski
Obituary – Cecelia Davis Stevens
- More Obituaries
Glen Allen student to perform at Carnegie Hall
Gayton Baptist Church dedicates new outreach center
Henricus Historical Park to host Publick Day Sept. 20
- More Community
The Citizen at 13
Peeling off the labels
A messy food fight
- More Opinions
Hermitage to host Monday night football events
Down to the wire
Babe Ruth 13U World Series arrives in Glen Allen
- More Sports
Reader Survey | Advertising | Email updates
ClassifiedsGET FREE OF CREDIT CARD DEBT NOW! Cut payments by up to half. Stop creditors from calling. 877-467-4560
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Place an Ad | More Classifieds
CalendarTake a one-hour power walk and make new friends, both furry and human, at Deep Run Park at 9 a.m. on Tuesdays through Oct. 21 and at Dorey Park at… Full text


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A pet goldfish is off-the-hook and alive after a micro-surgery removes a tumor from his brain.
and prescription drug abuse is destroying lives in Michigan at an alarming
rate. Officials say it's an epidemic they need help to beat.
County labor unions and Crimestoppers are joining forces to fight against drug
use. There will soon be billboards displayed around the county as part of the
three unions donated $10,000 for the billboards, which are meant to raise
awareness of drug abuse.
smart, talented and hardworking people are having their lives cut short," said
John Broad, president and CEO of Crimestoppers of Michigan. "This epidemic is
changing the entire face of neighborhoods."
may have a problem here with heroin and prescription drug abuse, but it's a
problem we're willing to take on. We're going to give it all we have," added
Chief Assistant Prosecutor Joseph Costello.
in the fight are the Baraths, who lost their 25-year-old son Ryan in September
of 2012 after a five-year battle with heroin addiction.
spent five years with our son, so we were there," said George Barath. "I saw
tears in his eyes when he told me, 'Dad, I can't beat it.'"
hard to talk about it," added Sharon Barath. "But if it can save someone else,
if I can give a sign of anything to show people what this drug can do, I'm
right there."
heroin is cheap and easily accessible, the epidemic in Monroe is growing. Those
fighting against it believe anonymous tips to Crimestoppers at 1-800-SPEAK UP
(1-800-773-2587) are the first step in solving the problem.
more than ever, people need to be the eyes and ears of their communities,"
Broad said.
remember that saying, 'it takes a village to raise a child,'" said recovering
addict Michael Gessner. "It takes the same thing to overcome this addiction."
Mobile users, click on the
"Video" button in the app to watch this story. Download our app here.
Copyright 2014 Toledo News Now. All rights reserved.


text:
The Smithsonian Presents Mission: Preservation
Primary tabs
Wednesday, February 20, 2013 - 3 p.m.
In this Smithsonian Institution sponsored program, children will learn from primary resources about preserving family oral histories and objects. The history of segregation will be introduced through the story of Ruth and the Green Book by Calvin Ramsey.
While wearing white cotton gloves, students will explore authentic historical artifacts, record observations and determine a preservation plan. Participants will keep their gloves and activity book and be encouraged to go home and preserve their own family history!
For ages 8-11.


text:
North Dakota Legacy Fund
|United States – North Dakota
|US$ 1.7 Billion
|Established: 2011
Transparency Rating: 6
View Sovereign Fund Transaction Data
View Asset Allocation
Related Articles
|Origin: Oil & Gas
Firm Investment Style: N/A
Entity Structure: Fund
Pop Est.: 699,628 – 2013 ND
Wealth Per Capita Est.: $2,430
The North Dakota Legacy Fund is funded by oil tax revenue.
The principal and earnings of the legacy fund may not be expended until after June 30, 2017, and an expenditure of principal after that date requires a vote of at least two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the legislative assembly. Not more than fifteen percent of the principal of the legacy fund may be expended during a biennium.
|Strategy & Objectives
Main Office
Governance[ Content protected for Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute Standard subscribers only. Please subscribe to view content. ]


text:
The Office of Student Academic Success & Retention supports the mission of the University of South Alabama by offering, supporting, and assessing programs and services designed to improve student academic success, including but not limited to retention and graduation. Programs designed to improve student outcomes include first year experience courses, living learning communities, supplemental instruction, JagAlert early alert program, and the JagPAL program. This office also collaborates with other programs designed to improve student academic success.
Check out USA's JagSuccess workshops, view your JagAlerts, get homework assistance. Click here to get information relevant to your success in your college tenure.
Take a look at some suggestions for helping your student succeed at South. Read the collective wisdom of professionals in Academic Affairs and Student Affairs.


text:
, ;- ". .. •• •
The Forester,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir:
December 27, 1909.
Enclosed are copies of corresponaence between the
Supervisor of t ile Cache National Forest and the City off iClalS
of Logan City, concerning the regul ations l ooking to
the safeguarding of the Logan River against pollution on
a ccountO of grazing and the issuance of special-llse permits
on the watershed of Logan Stream .
This question has b een r ai s ed by other Supervisors
in this district, under similar condi t ions, it happening that
many of the most important towns in this r egion a r e adjacent
to !fa tional Forests, and derive their water supply :from s treams ,
the watersheds of which are within the national Forests. On
t his account t he municipal authorities of such towns naturally
desire the cooperation of the Forest Service in the enforcement
of t heir sanit H.ry re gulations, and to this end it appears that
some general policy should be announced. F ro~ consultation
wi th Supervi sors having to deal with this s itua tion, it is
evident that tne ]'orest Service could not well prescribe de:f i nite
The Forester.
rules or regulations that must be cOMplied with, as stated in
the enclosed copy of a letter froM the Logan City Board of
Health. It is thought that perhaps the best thing "lould be to
Make a regulation providing that special-use permits in certain
areas affecting uhe sanitation of cities or towns should con-tain
a requirement to the effect that the permittee agrees to
comply with the rUles and regulations of the Health Board or
Health Co~nissi c ner having jurisdiction in the area concerned.
Or perhaps better still, provide that city and other Health
Commissioners 'nd Boards of Health might furnish the District
Forester with the rules and regulations with which they desire
compliance in certain areas, and that upon the approval of these
rules by the District Forester, perMits for special uses within
the area would only be issued subject to them. This would give
the Dis trict Forester an opportuni ty to vii thhold approval from
needless rules or regulations, the observance of which I~ie:ht
be detrimental to Forest interests or hamper administration.
The enclosed correspondence presents the situation
very well, and is enclosed not merely on account of the discus-sion
with reference to the Cache National Forest and to Logan
City, but because it is typical of many other cases within
this district. The question being somewhat new, it is desired
to have your consideration of this matter, and any inGtructions
or suggestions you may have before finallj answering the inqui-
The Forester.
ries of Supervisors who have written concerning it.
Very truly yours,
5 Enclosures. Acting District Forester.
.. _____ La ... Of -
OGII u • r
Decelciber 17, 1909.
nhe ~istri c t Forester,
Ogden, utah.
Dear Sir:
By letter "0, Cache, Se ttlement " of Dece:llber 14,
I rcc o.Jlnended that aut'-,ori t y be g r an ted from the Se cretary
of Agriculture to wit~d raw from the operati on of the Forest
Homestead Act, lands t ributary to the Logan Rive r for the
pUr) ose of prot ec t i l'" t he city water supply. ':(h i s action
was 5ubsta;-,t i ated by the Ci to' :Soard of He alth Vlho also made
so~e very Good sue:"est ions in regard to the s,mi t at i on of
Loc-an Cany on in whic'1 details of sanitation we re r iven very
fully , anc' a copy of which i s enclosed.
Since my ass i cnment to t'lis office on October 1,
I have felt that one of the ve ry first and most imp ortant
d<'lt ies is to secure propel' s<:.nitati on ofL oga.'1 River to the
e'1d t:lat ty;?hoid feve r and other dise a s es which a r e traceable
to i mpurz vr.te r and are now quite prevalent here may be nin-imized
so fiJ.r as the water supply f r om t h i s F orest is concerJl-ed.
I enclose bluepri nt \"Ihich should be consulted. T'lis
shows t:1e location of t,'e intake of t1,e city water supply,
uses and settle:'I1ent cases w'1ich are now in ope r atio!".. It
also s11 o'!s proposed Logan Park.
This proposed Logan Park was initiated as a proj -
ect for a city park l'y the present city council vr11.o h<.ve
gone to the extent of havin" the area surveyed 00' local sur-veyor,
and have also had s Q'Cle correspondence with Yr. Pin-cn,
o t I' n ~vh e ma~v...v er, W' .l0, I am told, has assured the city of-ficials
that it would be entirely poss ible for them to have
t"is area SGt aside by Cone;ressional action :=-or a mi n icipal
park. Owing to t:le stress of ot1ler mU"icipal "latters this
matte is at pr.3scnt lyinl" dorraant, but I an assured by the
~'ay or t:~ at this project i s a matter of keen inte rest to t2'e
City Council. T'is beinG the case, I believe that we should
keep this area free from special use occupancy of any charac-ter
which would lead the pe:'mi ttees to believe t hat they had
a pel'manent per:ni t. For instance, the huildi"- of expensive
summer residences, etc. Innnediately above the proposed Logan
Park is shown the area of the proposed City Rese rvoir, for
w'lich s ite they have made application to the Departmel1t of
the Interior, under the Act of February 1, 1905. The date of
this application is 11/16/08. This matter i s now pending
a corrected survey. In thi s instance also, it s eems that we
should keep this area free from speci al uses which would be
considered by permittees to be permanent, to the end that no
vaJua111e ir1provements are erected thereon w'lich would be a
- 2 -
source of a danage suit, possi bly, i n case the reservoir
v;as constructed . In any e vent , t he project for a better
water supply for LOGan City s ould receive first consideration
The i "'dividual uses alo'1~ the Eiver vli ll now be
d i scussed, and whe ~" e definite action i s required , spe ci al
letters emb odying the pr opo sed nction vli ll be prepared -.Ster
your approval of tl:e policy outl i ned in t'1is letter.
T~ ese recO! X1endations have tVlO bas.,s : one , r e comr:lendations
prepared by t he Ci t y Boo: r d of Health under date of De ce:llbe r
14; and the other , special adr.J.inistrative features which
will have to be taken into cons i derati on.
In view of the dane;e r of p ollution a!'ld the fact
t'1at the Telluride Pastur e i s used by the c a r e taker at the
Tel l uride Dam, I suggest that this permit be revoked, s o far
as it effects l ands on the south s ide of the road, but that
they be all owed to mainta in fence on t he north side of the
The Fedemark spec i a l use area i s also applied for
under the Act of June 11, and no doubt he has squatter's
ri e-hts , havin;' settled on this area prior to January, 1906.
These ri e;hts, however, have been j eopardized by the sale of
a portion of these lands t o Au!"ust Li nd w':ose case wi ll be
dealt with later. T" is c laim has been surveyed , but i n lookin."
ove r the papers I find t hat the f ield notes have been lost,
althourh we ;'av '! a complete nap of the tract and its area 17.49
- 3 -
acres. It is reco'!lT,1e"!ded
Act of June 11 be de~'ed.
t:lat t'-,is applic5.t i on u der the
':he bas i s of th i s re c om:~e'1da t i on
is tile close proxi;.1ity of t1e house to Lo, n River and the
difficulty in maL1taining s,1)1i tary conditions on an area of
land aft~r it has been permanently aliFmated. In this con"
ection, hovrev;r, l~r. ':edel'\ark i'/ould be abla to exercise 'lis
squatter's rirhts provided the survey was accepted durin"
'1is lifetil1e. I understand, hm7ever , that I~r. Hedemark has
mde final division of his worldly goods and is more or less
indifferent to the sb~tus of this claim.
Aubust Lind i s a trespasser (see report dated April
14, 1908) and also an applicant under the Forest Homestead
Act of June 11. Y/hpn the area of Logan River is withdra\'m
from tI'e application of this Act, I recommend that '1is settlement
application b·' denied. In view of the fact that a
por t i on of Yr. Lind's land lies on the proposed City Park, I
recommend that no permit for agricultur al or residence uses
be granted him for this tract as hi s use of this l and in the
past has been chiefly connected wit. i llegal fi sh catching,
and general boisterous and d is orderly conduct.
The DeWitt pastures were g r anted under special use
to l~. DeWitt after trespass proceedings had been begun. F or merly
he held a l a rge tract of land under illegal fencins, and
"Jaintained a pretense of a home during the grazing season.
Since then, t~is tract ras been g r anted him under special use .
and he },as b-·en all owed to maintain one mile of fEnce, which,
- 4 -
hoy/ever has always been in a poor state of repair, and has
snaGGed and cut cattle and been a source of General annoyance.
Cattle congregate in the water al onr DeWitt 1 s pastures
ny tt e roC'.d in the open areas alonp' Logan River , and
the v/ater is considerably befouled from this source. Hr.
DeVlitt receives a.'1nually a per',it for 200 heaC'_ of cattle
which of course craze r~ainly outside of t}1is area. I, theref
ore, sU~Gest in view of the recommendat ion of the City Board
of Health in the matter and the need of this pasture for camping
sites t lat this p erni t be revoked at t!le expirati on of the
present pai d period which is June 1, 1909.
Moses Thatc'ler residence site use flas expired by
the death of t1-e perui ttee. In case the heirs wish to apply
for c n':.inuance o~' this perrlit, I would modify it f)Y excluding
all of the area on the south side of the road from the
pern it.
The Geo. Q,. Rich settlement is of SUfficient dist';.
nce from the intake of the city water supply, and l1is acknowledged
ri c'hts in the matter are such tl1- t 1 believe this
land should be reeo ;mended for l isting before t he Vi i thdrawal
of this Locan Riv"r Watershed is proposed to the Secretary of
I have 8,lso an infor!:lal o","plicati on from "essrs.
Lafourt, Howell, et. 5.1., dated Aucust 24. Their proposed
use is t~le erec~ion of tv/O cottages on the site of the proposed
LOGan Park, and also tJoe construction of a plant vr:lich
- 5 -
wOHld ellal'le t' eY~ t o r aise at. least 25,000 fis! f or the
I!".arket a'1nual1;)' . :C'"cse fis'1 culture works Viould be ','lilt
a lone the Sprrin~ Creek, shol:U on the "',ap , v,:lJ ich is a tri bu -
tc.r~' of LogDJ1 Rive r and is about t wo and one-half r:' i les from
the intake of t"" city water supply . I am i nf orI:led ty the
applic.ants that al-out two pounds at l east of cl:opped l:iv er
or oatr'eal ,,'01,ld be fe the fis]- each d;;.y i n the \"/<1ter. This
would 1'8 conpressed i n p"ns and put into t}le water all owing
t"e fis t o feed. It appears, h owever , t hat a considerahle
amoU!1t of this material v'oul " escape int o the River and place
an undesirable amount of organic matter ir. t l::e stream. I
have discussed this :"latter VIi t}1 t ",e City Board of Feulth W'10
co ncur wit}: ne t._at t his use f,;,ould n ot be g ranted. In v iew
of U'e pro!)osed e:>.-pendi tures of the applica'1t s in thi s matt er --
t hey 'roHld er'ect substantial blmGaloVis OE the best location
overlookinr the Ri ver- -I believe the use s ~ould be denied .
As a [eEe r al policy for Logan Rive r I b elieve tl'lat
we should keep an open Gpace for f i sl: i ng between the road and
t he Rive r all the way 'l'L' the Canyon. Logan River is visited
'by sev e r a l t:lOusand peoIlle annually, ar fencing up t h" River
ur.der special use perr:li b, is certainly a descrimi nation agai nst
the public in general. Penni ts should be i ssued l ayinp- spe cial
emphaf,is on t he prese rvation of sanitary condi tions alon,"" the
stream. The De\7itt pasture s sho ld be left op n as general
cOJll:9ing grounds and puhlic conveni ences suggested in the letter
of the City ::? oard of Health under date of December _, and
- 6 -
s1''lulr' b~ rected ~o t\e end t'1at s"nit,,:""y conditions are
maintained. ='l<l provision::; of t'lis lette:' s~10uld be e:---
boc' ie d in all .;pecial use pe'"~li t, Y:"ic11 are nOli in f orce
1.1 t: e callyon. Speci. al use per.eli ts for ;"es ide n ce s shoulc l e
i::;sued only where sanitary conditions may r e maintained at
the spec if ied dist,nce from ";;he Rive r, and then only in such
a 11anner that they do not i nte rfere Wit}l the p1.('l i c use of
the Ri'-,-er for fishinC, picnicin, and transient carJp in f' .
1 ~lso el'cl os e copy o. special ordinance 474 cer-t
i f ied to 'by the ",.,yor of T,o gan City, which shows the effort
the city ;'afJ been making to preserve the best c ondi t ions
p ossihle for their water supply. This ord i nanc e has been cer-t
i f ied to as bein r correct and in full force and effect at the
present time by the Hayor, and 1 f eel t a t Vie should supple-ment
the ir efforts in every prac t ical VIa::!.
Very truly yours,
3 Enc l osure s. :?orest Supervisor .
- 7 -
REVISED ORDINANCES OF LOG.AJi CITY, U'l'AR, PAGE 157,
"479. Befoulinp water . It shall be unlawful for s.ny
person to construct or maintain any corral, sheep pen , pig
pen, chicken coop, stahl e or other offensive yard or outhouse
along any stream of water used by the inhabitants
of Logan Ci ty, anYl~he re wi thin ten mile s above the paint
where Eaid stream is taken or used by said city or the
inhabitants thereof, where the waste or drainae;e therc-from
will n"turally find its way into said stream of water;
or to deposit, pile, unload or leave an:' manure , or other
offensive rubbish, or the carcass of any dead animal along
any str·aJn of waterc .. sed by the inhabitants of Logan City,
anyv;here wi thin ten mile~ above t"e point w1'er,' sa.id strea:""
is taken , when t'~e vra:.;te or drainage therefrom will naturally
find its way into the said stream of water ; or to drive,
or to perr:lit , or cause al"Y other persons to drive any loose
cattle , ]oorses , in or over a..ny cani~l or water course from
\lhich vrater is taken for the usc of the inhabitants of
Logan City, or to permit any cattle, horse s , she ep or hogs,
to remain in, or near, or to pullut e any str ~~ of water
used by the inhabitants of Logan City, anyw'1er') wi thin ten
mil"s above a point where said water is first taken by said.
ci ty."
The above ordinance remains in force, and is a
true copy of same .
~'ayor of Logan City.
J~oe;an, U';a.ll.
Cache, Settlement. December 14, 1909.
~he District ~orester,
Ogden, Utah.
Dear Sir:
Please refe"r to my lett"r of November In. I rec01mnend
that authority be o1:>tained from the Secretary of Agricul ture to
wi thdraw from tlle ope "cation of t~lt'l Fo rest Homestead Act of June
11, 1906, so much of the following desc ri "bed lands as are tri 1)utary
t('\ Logan Rher Watershed: T 16 S, R 41 IIDri 42 E, n.M.,
T 12 N, R 2 E., 'r 12, 13, 14, 15, Nj R ;; E. T 14 and 15 N, R 4 E.
S. L. IL., for the !J'u!J0se of effe0tually ,rotectin~ the city
water supply of Loga.n City. This proposed action is endorseftby
the City Board of Health of Logan, Ut~. and their letter r60-
ommending th.is action in tlle first paragrapll is he reto attaohert.
This proposed action does not with1ra'f{ any a.griculturallands
of value for perman'lIlt home !JuilfUnr,. At present no one is
living in tllis area except electricians in charge of power plants
and this action would not effect the rights of squatters prior
to January, 1906. The other matters mentioned in the letter by
the City Board of 'lealth were underta1<en at my suge;estion and
will be tl,e subject of a separate letter on a future date.
'l"lry truly yours.
Fores t S1lperviso r.
"r . Clinton Q. !1r:ti th,
l'oroat flervice ,
L o ~l)J'l , Uta.h .
r .. r ~'ir :
L oe~ , utah , ~e c. 8, 1909.
I n reply to yeur letter' of rovJ!lber Iii to 'J;;for
dw rdu ,;.nd Tio I'd (If Toal. th of !.oG::..n Ci ty in regC'.r d t o
t'ie 0 nit t i on of 0 'M C;oo.nyon, we wi ash to offor thu 1'01-
1 iJ:r;.::; "uceesti on::s , nnt' a.l. 0 offe r our MIl i 3tancE i n
c· .r' j'ying ou t theil' pr .. o ~ ic fl.l 'ilplic ti on :
,fe !lugg ,st tha.t the opc!"'a.t 1on of J~ or cflt Homo-
5te~d tal of Jell bu 8uBpcnded ~o far aa i t £ fectD
<:) t. e I ds tr i btt t .r J to 1.0(; n Rivor . ...... c--.
'0 lluC/:;eBt th t t Ie :l.re~ below the f ories of' ......
r,o ~ Ri vr.r be ol olle(1 to the cr az ing under po. t 0 zhe ep,
c.tt lo,nc! hor ::;os ; a that the r:meo 1\b ov ~ th1e p oint
on 1,0(;. n Ri v er b er zed i n . conocrv .t1 !!\!Ulna I' only ,
Alllo tl..t Ilpe cia l ueo par/:l1te for p atures b 10\1 the forks
o revoked , unloas tho uec of thene ,Va:1turo3 .i ll in no
.. 1 ae endanl1'er the public ho.;.1 tho
U< on evcciru. UD.S ... 0,' rC:3i{,OnC~B be pl t..ccd )'1 r:;1d
I'o.lltl'i c t i ons . D oIl i ng ~houl. not be nel1.rer th .u 6 rode
t o l'l <.r 'in of str c :::1 or t r i1l.lt .ry . Out hOH :5 n ot 1 003 th,-"
v ro IS from etre ~ should hnvc v ' ult not 10SD th$n 4 t eet
• • 1 ...
deep , IUld ouch dioinfe ctant s u chloride of l ine, 201ution
of bi-chloridc of mercury . cal'bolie acid, or unsll1cked
line JhOHld be usod. All de'1111n33 shaL, be provided w1th
out J ouoes , nd oubjeet to in3poetion hy eity officers or
ombers (If ~'ore6t Rervicc. Kitchen g rbago and other
rdf'us. nh0111d be dis.,ooed 0;: hy a npecinlly p r e!la.rod
v,.ult or hole II.I1d should not be 1eoB th:.n 4 feet dc'lP , and
rl.iflinfoctlUltl5 uoed frequently enoueh to avoid a.'1y infection,
.nd ~l\lch p1 .COS ohould be clclU ed and thorouGhly d1rinfnctcd
at the end of e oh C' '1lp1n6 SCI1(;Ol1, or buricd not leoe than
2 feet belo ( tl e Burface ,Such placos shall not be ne~re r
to otre th 1 thll 1ioits prollcribccl for cut houBOa . Tents
used in OOl1.'l60tion 'N ith this c1 '0 of llornitll are to be at
lC l:'.~t 4 rodo i'ro:n r,og' n :rt1v.-r . All bul1dinGu .. nd Croundo
a.rc lJubjc ct 0 incpoction at any ti!"e , Uld if r .£ulationa
a.rc not conp11ed i th ,,,111 btl flUbje c t to revooation. I n
C .• 31') ·"._tcr 'to l'k , ",r~ in"te.1) c.., Vlv l'a s',vulc! bo cc"apoolll
> rovi:e(l o~ l,U'ficient c .. iHilc i tJ nd dist,illCc:. fron Outb1 ild-
1n"3 to ,lr otoot in ev ry 'ay the tel" in Lor,un River from
contc • .nin tien. ')Hch ceonpoo1 h 11 be ... t leant (j rodo
freM 1'.i vo r.
';'e'.I! crary c· • r,roundu
':"n t:.. flhall be pitc lad nt lc~.ct 4. rodo fro!1 the
ban,: 0 the TIl v:r Ot' - .j' of it s tribut",J"ie3. PI cea used
11 tcilctll oh 11 1)<; at 1 ... ot v rou3 fl'or! Hi r banka, and
~ 2 -
shall bo disposed of by metms of hol es , not les s t han 3 f e et
deep , nnd c ov ' red rfith :; ome d i Dinfe c tfi.nt duri ng ,the t ime
tr'ese groundD a r c u sed f or such PUr" ooes , md shoulci be l eft
nt the tin'c the g r ounds arc vll.cl.ted i n e. snnit a ry c ondi ti on,
r..nd should be evered by at lea!lt one foo t of earth . Cookinf,
shall not be pe rf orluod les8 t han () rods fr om t he rive r and
al l 'up.st e r!k1.t er i als , rubb i sh and (';ll. r"b !'.go of any dosc r i ption
shon} r1 be bur i ed one foot lmde r the Ground nnd at a dist anc c
of not loss thu.n e r ods fr om str8am whcn c .mp i s v!lc c.tcd . All
CMlPS shnl 1 b r. l ef t i n '" suni t a ry condi ti on f r om ev ery stnnd-p0i
nt , !.,nd are su1J j e ct t o !.nspe ct ion by proper off ice r s .
For ae::l urJed in conn ec t i on wi th t he 00 us es s hAll be
limited to H'ooe ab"oIHtel;)' n ec e s;:lllry, anel it if! expc ct ed tha.t
Un s t r~ JlI '.Ii l1 be p rote l!ted as far as "ossi bl o .
'r r nnl:l i .:ln t CcL:lpe r a ehould be YI"o vJ.ded f or a t c e r t r.in
CO!1v'.'1icnt poL1te de sign ated by }'or iost offi ce r s . Out hOUElo S .' '"
"ui lt in llrcucr l bed mr..nne r should l,c prov i ded . ['Yi~tl~ ring .\
llll.ces ,. or stock &.nd s ink ::J f or the re c ep t i on of car bage sho uld
(: e:!'fc c Livc.1J \..ilt3 ll 0:' o .nper::; . No c ;;np!1 or cook inr; should
he all owed at theoe poi nts near er t h 2,n 8 rods to Ri ve r Bank o.
Prope r pro te c t i on of the r iver fr oe h or ses l1i 1l be expect ed.
We wCluld SUCGCflt that all p'".t i ent s suffc~' in G froe
Ty--.>i1iod Jj\Jver or Tuil'1 rcul ooi o or any othe r i nfe c t i oltll d ice a seo
be re otl'ictcd f rom camp i ng in 1,0(,;1".11 Canyon . Aloo cUI pnr t ica
\vhe 1.r e :!!l;i'fering fr om any 00 nt agi ou [l di scaseEl vh ( nr e Iilubj ect
t o the c:[uar r.ntine reculat i ons of tho Ci ty or r. ounty , be al :Jo
- 3 -
rc::;tdct ed frQ'!! crunping alonr; Iogan Ri ver, ,r1th the exc ept i on
o f' ~'hoop j, nlJ Cough , and the se pnt i ents s1101 1 d fiet permj,or!ion
f:"om the CHy Jloo.rd of Health "ho Vlill specify t 1e C!\Mp Gnunds
t'lll.''; t hey shon (~ CCCHPY, nnd any person or per nono h aving any
3U plc i r.'U8 sYMptom::; of' th,n 1'.1J ove mentioned di se"see should re-port
,.t once to th', City :i'.o~rd of Hea.lth .
Ag",J.n vie wi sr: to 1).[j 'lure you of our intcl"fJzt in the
plfJD.red to Gsist you i n nny pr -,ct1o; ':ray .
Res::e c<;fully ':;Ub!1i tted,
- 4 -
Hon. William Edw~rds,
Mayor of Lo~un City,
J,o e; an , Utah.
Dear Sir:
Novemoer 16, 1909.
The de>lirabili ty of improving tlv~ wat.erS!1en concli 1:iona
of the Cache N:lticna1 "orest with particnlar reference to t'Je
municipp.l water supply of J,ogan City has been "<Jroll[;ht to my at-tent
ion by .fre'!uent 1;rips 1t)'l the canyon (illrir.[,; the pa,;t fe'v dli.Ys
ana also tl1e ir. fli'ltence wi th ".hich this o.ffi(~e is ure;ed to re-
::ollilllend for eliminatirll1 under the Act oJ: .Tune 11, lands whioh 'l.re
in close proximity to the int"lke of the city water supply. I
would be pleased to have a statement. from the City Board of ITealth
with res pect to the ':iesiraoility of p.ceserving f.wm 'X'ntamination
the city water sllppl,),. My proposed acticn in this matter i s to
water supply be withdrawn from settler',ent 1mder thp. Fore s t Hore.e-
otead Act nf .Tune 11, 19013, to the end that the oest concl.itinns
may be maintair. )d for protectinG the ci.tizens of Loe;lln from disease
that might be occ ,~sioned from im)'lure nr contamin'l.ted waters. Con-sistent.
with this aQtion , it is proros(~d to place proper restrtctions
upon speci'l.lllse permittees o.t' all kindB who midlt have any effect - upon the contamin:.tiol1 o:f the watershe<i of J,o~an within the Cache
National Forest.
I re1lue 8t an e>.l.xl.y reply in this matter as a matter nee<i-ing
immediate attention.
Very t.TUly yours ,
Forest Supervisor.
Rules to be Observed by
)rmulated and to be Enforced.
nptl l't au t aet iotl to I))'ok('! \rilt'lI i IJ ~ tlJl by ,'eg-nlal' ,'isits (If ,:!:li t h ,.~-t[lh
Logan s dl'i llk i ll~ wiltt'J' It;l~ \,('_ 1"}1I' ~alli1'Il'.\· Uffiet'l' to seCure the SlflUOIlt1r/ III 1 "o\f tc(f,[r >n~-l~ip- -,11,,1 1,;0,,1.,
C'l'n t} "e(~ 11 takpll h,\' th e ('o -n IH' I'- c,h:-i I'!'\'HIl CC of OW l'C!, !nla tioll S a nd ('1'(':' 1' " If• . 1\i01,',1"',1:111' ~h"a " .;, j,..; '_l:iU~(-·,') ----
,\tiril. _. th t:' City 130:l1'.J of llt~ I-I 1tIJ ,: , J't 's l- offe lld el's a gai ust th em. -- oU ~
Hllti t'he POl'pst ~l·rY ice • • \ :-wries Tll is II H'pti ll!! W;'I.. ; followed by a l __ ... ,,:...ljJ .......... ~t ... ·'t-----.. -t 1- t S I • • \!,.!.!..l.I.,,:.:n.<:> iII WS ue a ' cas roc S
uf I t'gulat:olls has bec lI ag'l'~' l'd I Jl\ t"c till~ uf HIP - L og.~- an Health f ron l the dy er bank,,) amI must
upon to gon' rll the <1oll lt,)o; til' ,1)'- 1 l'l'a ~n lt' at t hc COlli mercia l CIIIJ cOllsist of holes Hol less than :"
rall)!l'lllents of tho)o;e ,:aIl1Il illg HoulIl s Oil Satul'da)' to wh ich 1h f cCt (ll'ebp) e coycred wi' th somc
along t lw rin'r · to 11I" t' \'e llt th~' Ft.ll't~s t Supc r vlsor. Pres id ent 0 diS'1 l1feda.u t dur ing the time the
po lutio ll of: the W<lt er and thl' ;,he C. OIllHl e l'{'i a.t Clu'b. and JIl om gl'Ol ll H IS are liSelI f or s ue I1 PU!'
Clllls{"'t lllC llt dallier to lISt' !'S or til\' .' I'S of th t" Btl.itl'~ of Health a~ld poses) anu be left at the t ime the
city wat.t'!' in 10wl1 : :l ll d pro\'i .... iOIl COli ll ty Cnmml s'.loners were lll JI ,rI'Oll ll ~ I .i are \'acate(I ' ' III a sanltal'Y
tHIS bN'1I Iwide for tlh' n~j!\I lal' ~:i ft~rl ,.nd <l. g-•.: :ncral nndel'st.a ~'ld-· ~oJlditiuJl. alld be to\,ered by i:~t
Jliltrol of the l'in'l' lip ' to ti ll' l!1g wns arrlve~ at for carrymg least OIlC foot of earth. Cookin U"
POlks b.\' th(, Sall ilal'," Offl,'('j' lind (\llt the I'cgul a11011s. R,esolutio1l8\ IIIfty Jlot be performed less tha~
: the FOI'l'st Rangers to ~('e that. the w '~ n' .. 11 ";0 lIdopt('d ,Hiking the CitY 'I' 6 Iuds hom the l'i"cr and all
i I'l·gnla.tion~ an' ohsen 'cd, I"wal'd of Upalth and the ... .county wasil' Ln; ,j p ri>lh" •. n h l--. ; :,h ~_1 =--
I \\I:l;~~, 1~11~~~e.:;;~::t l;~'el:,I';::'~~:ll I~:~~ ;'IO;~:;:::Si~;l~I~:1S;"n~:~O~~~fi~~\lS~:'\ ~~I~~e(~f l~n~c~~;c~I;:iO:;o~t~SI~d~~
I f II I II F~ 't'" I oll _t lil' lwst ('<l IllP sites along the r\,o,""('l '''''(\ at a distance of n ut
, a w ll'U . It' 01'1::':-; .; t']'\·ICl' as \ - ~ g u
: ed ti l(' Bonnl of n~al lh \If 111<1 \;;(' rh'el' f OI' till' URI::' of tl'an~ i ellt caml les.: 111<1 11 8 rOlls from the stream i ,,"~:.:estiollS as (0 Sll[,.,~lllll'dillg pelS. t he l !calth Leagnc pledgill~1 \l'ht'll ca\llp is ,'atated.
'I' t lll~ 1< " er. The matll::'L' )\" <lS ta k,'n the nl~Hll'.'" f,or two of t hem. :Hld'a,i\ All call1p~ must be left in a san i-
up a.nd pnshed by tilt' Logan c.:O II 1 11.11 tt f'{' fnHIl the Leag ue was tary co ndition from e\'el'Y stand,
Ih>alth LCHg-ne of the COllIlIll'l'cia.i ap po:ll h·d til p l w'eut the l'eso1n-'1 poin t . and are subje-ct to iuspec-
, , .' t ions to the !wo Boards L ,
'\ Hoosi er,.., L1ub till ough Its pllb"- ' . ~; t,on by pruper officers.
cHtioll. ': Bettel' Ileal.th." and the I Tlw l<'o l't~sl ~('r\"icp will post th t J\1l patieu ts suffering from
t Ioeal pHp€'l":": ha\'(> adde .. l th f' il' as- ! not iees. at all ~a lllping s pots an \ 'ryphoid F ever or Tuber-culosis
I sista nc.:e. The FOl't"st Sen' ice h a~ ' a ssis! III see UI' IU g' t heir en fOrCel \' 01' ill l\' ut lll"I' infectious diseases
11 1't'qni rf'd tl~e )!l'<lzillg' pcn.n it tpcs 1~l el lt. I t Illa.f" be no~? that the, a ~(" 1:{"'Htl'i~ t ed frmu ---"l.".'U1-
to f r nN' oft 111(' ('clll Ytl ll Hhuyc the State laws ~n1Ut to c ltle~~ control J...,O"HIl Canyon. Also all p el sons
" ' 0
i Forks h . PI'CH'llt slwl'p Hlld ~at- n\'t' l' t he :oit.H11'Ce~ of -thf>i l' watcl' \ who arc suffering from a:ny con-j
~fl'~ rOllllll)! dt)wll (I ll t he :oi1l]1pl.'" .Hld thHt :--l,et it.1 ll -1-79 of the \ tagit.1 u;:; di:·:t'asel!i who are ~ubje('t 'I
\ .-1 tbe s llspt'nsioll I ~o!!a ll ol'LlillliUCf' llIak ing it unlaw to the qmlt'ant ine r egulatlOlls of \
c tllUO befonl 01' en~lJ1~f'1' 40.1..
the ,~~','" UdJ"l\ ilw.wl:rJ{I{~tfH~:tmr--fn
'<lW!l 0 41 J(\ 180W
.}Jt.11'S alll JO lsolli 1'8 s,}luS g n ! ~ULU - pU ;)_JJ ;)JU
I~H n oS j : '3:L'\.O aq 01 s ~ pm' lJJ 'R a.\uq, 01 .\'8.\\
:[1 " 1lHtl _\\ou'1 saJ01s a l{1 puu-JadsoJd Il!A\
up .\'.I,),\,} SP U,}!.lJ _\\ au ~:a ~uUl l UIH 8.101s y
.• , -. ,. ~., " .... ·n_ ... ... .. -. _. ~ . .. . J ,... ' ••• "_
....,. ,!
) 1 t stnll 110 sr;)rlRd aa.an 'w,nil til
,· ... {! "'.~ IJ.I ! tI.) .\ II L :~ .. J~ lml · '; v. t ~l.· • ..Lv J
l .\ .) 10m X!S S~! lll S! P 1.11 ·)tll JO s ,lt}l
J! aq.:j. JO SlJU aq1 JO sa .101lH (as .1OJ ~t) l O.\ ~ u ! 'ut)s daap '1
IT! <lJ TIS11ald asoq,\\ ,.pJ!.q n.r if u F~q S! au.\\o.lfj 'd ~4SU(JZ !1 !:)
'suaz!l!J JUO JO aUi os . 111 · ll.)l~,I <r}l an l"\tlf" o ·H~ al{ a [ ~ ll
o(FMlmbs plllq 001 papua : s p oda.I 11 su aJ!lsnf ~!41 SPttH{
:\Fm~ 'B .\ ,:prqA\amOS q,gnolUJS lfJ IlS 1ua.\ a.lfI OJ '°1 "
s, J'8pJ n rFS ul i.tl"e.lodm HW S;').IIlSlEHU a)u.l ad ",,Jp ·S!.lee[ " ! <I
, ___ J II! lHtO s.\\OII-S "l SHI .,'p,p I ~oo l H .m.:
.I ;tH1.\\OIlOl a liT. • ! t St/1I1 .1111.1
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text: Myles, I do follow IPOARM, and have had great results. I use the online tool in that post to estimate my body fat. Not particularly accurate, but I don't have a way to get it done any other way. A caliper would be better. For tracking my loss, I use measurements, in addition to the scale. You're on your own with saag paneer; as a general rule, I don't eat green things I'll check my recipe books, though; I'm sure I can find a good one. Or ask my SIL, who makes a very good one.


text:
We accept Visa & MasterCard or direct into our Bank Account in Barbados or U.K.
RETIREES or long term lets of 28 days or more SPECIAL 20th Feb to 30th November stay 4 weeks and pay for 3 weeks.
This is equivalent to 25% discount. For Longer stays the same discount is given pro rata.
|Jet Ski and water sports
|10 mins walk
|7 mins.bus ride
|Catamaran 5 hour trip Turtles/Shipwreck
|Collect 9 a.m.
|several courses
|Harrisons Cave
|Taxi 20 mins
|Island Tours
|Taxi per hour
|Reg.bus serv.round Island 1or 21stops
|BDS$2 each
|Swimming Pool in Garden
|Boat trip 2 hrs Swim with Turtles
|Paradise Suite with Balcony
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|Studio Apartment with Kitchenette
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|Blue Room
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|Yellow Room
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|Green Room
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|Pink Room
|per room per night - 2 sharing
|One Bedroom Apartment
|per room per night - 2 -sharing
|Additional person
|per room per night
The Humming Bird Apartment at The Chi Centre
Hastings, Barbados Bed & Breakfasts
Welcome to the CHI Centre! Here we cater for individuals. Our aim is to please! Your aim is to enjoy! Together we can make it happen! Our Vegetarian/Vegan/Raw food and Macrobiotic Centre caters for Singles, families and small groups....
Starting at $200 Per Night
Simply Stunning Stay in Barbados: The Gentle Inn
Oistins, Barbados Bed & Breakfasts
A stunning and delightful guest house in Barbados a mere mile from the beach and entertainment on the southern end. Clean, comfortable, and beautiful and run by knowledgeable returning Bajan nationals. A true home in the caribbean!...
$60 Per Night
Barbados on a budget
Saint Lawrence, Barbados Bed & Breakfasts
Rio Guesthouse is a friendly 9-roomed guesthouse in the heart of St Lawrence Gap, within walking distance of clubs, bars and restaurants and 2 minutes walk from the beautiful Dover beach. Short-term and longer stays welcome. Contact us for more info....
$23 Per Night/Pers
Spacious vacation rental close to St. Lawrence Gap
Maxwell Coast, Barbados Vacation Rentals
BK Villas Unit#6 boasts three plush bedrooms, including a newly remodeled master suite with a King sized bed and private Travertine bathroom. Just a 5 min walk to Maxwell beach & only half a mile from the Gap. Fall asleep to the sounds of crickets...
Starting at $200 Per Night
Amazing Barbados rentals
Bridgetown, Barbados Vacation Rentals
We offer numerous properties all over the Caribbean. Just let us know what you are looking for and we can offer you the best, according to your preferences of location, amenities and budget , of course. Phone number is always very helpful...
Starting at $150 Per Night
Picturesque Beach Front Barbados 2 - Bdrm Condo
Bridgetown, Barbados Vacation Rentals
Scenic 2-bedroom condo overlooking the Caribbean sea on the exotic island of Barbados (South Coast Hastings, Christ Church). Enjoy amazing sunsets and cool Caribbean breezes from the view of this 2-balcony condo. Maid service included...
Great Deals & Specials Now! $200 Per Night
Romantic 3 bedroom self-catering vacation villa
East, Barbados Vacation Rentals
Located in the beautiful country-side of St. Philip, offering an unforgetable vacatation at the affordable rate of $80.00 US for a 3 bedroom villa with spectacular ocean view from roof deck...
Starting at $80 Per Night
Relaxing Caribbean getaway in sunny Barbados
Oistins, Barbados Vacation Rentals
Come enjoy your vacation in sunny Barbados, a highly rated and safe tourist destination, guaranteed to provide you with the "dream vacation" at a budget package....
Rates from $60 Per Night
Sea-U Guest House
Bridgetown, Barbados Hotels & Resorts
Charming guest house with stunning ocean views in Bathsheba at the untamed east coast...
Starting at $148 Per Night
West coast Barbados condo with swimming pool
Holetown, Barbados Vacation Rentals
This third floor apartment at Golden View is clean, well furnished and well equipped. It's a one bedroom apartment with a full bathroom, a kitchen, and an L-shaped living room/dining room with seating for four in the living room and seating for four...
Swim with turtles in Barbados
Holetown, Barbados Scuba & Snorkeling
Enjoy your time on the Island by taking a glass bottom boat cruise Swim with turtles in Barbados via a glass bottom boat, snorkel at a wreck with hundreds of fish of many types and colours, and spend time spend some time relaxing on a West coast beac...
$45 Per Trip
Barbados Cooking in Paradise Culinary Vacation
East, Barbados Cooking Schools
Caribbean Culinary Cooking Vacation & Tours to Barbados,Antigua Jamaica, Dominica and, St Lucia. Enjoy 7 days 6 nights or book one of our week-end getaway of Culinary Culture and Fun, while learning the Art of authentic Caribbean style cooking....
Starting at $1,999 Per Week
The Pebble
.Barbados, Barbados Youth Hostels
Welcome To The Pebble Guest house InSt Lawrence Gap, South Coast Barbados ...
$40 Per Night
Guesthouse Dover
.Barbados, Barbados Youth Hostels
Welcome to House Dover St. Lawrence Gap, Barbados! We are located on the south-coast! Our accommodation is built from coral stone and elegant furnish...
$21 Per Night
Worthing, Barbados Youth Hostels
This wooden/stone house on the south coast is only metres from the beach and has many amenities......
$30 Per Night
Desert Rose
.Barbados, Barbados Youth Hostels
The house has 4 bedrooms, 3 shower/toilets, living room, dining room and kitchen. There is a patio in the front of the house and a yard in the back of the house fully...
$20 Per Night
Dover Woods Guest House
.Barbados, Barbados Youth Hostels
We have a large kitchen which is communally used with each room having designated cupboard and fridge spa...
$25 Per Night
Rio Guesthouse
St Lawrence Gap, Barbados Youth Hostels
Rio Guesthouse is a relaxed and friendly place to stay and is ideal for the independent traveller..........
$28 Per Night
House Annaliesa Dover
St Lawrence Gap, Barbados Youth Hostels
This house is located very nicely in a quiet side of St. Lawrence Gap and has many facilities......
$18 Per Night
Apartments Cleverdale
.Barbados, Barbados Youth Hostels
The reasonable budget studio apartments are affordable lodgings and they attached to the main Barbados be...
$30 Per Night
|Link Code


text:
Just Arrived
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Moisturizing Tint SPF 30+A lightweight, oil free formula that provides moisture to combat dehydration and dryness, broad spectrum UVA/UVB protection to guard against the sun's damaging rays and a sheer hint of color to softly even tone and enhance skin's radiance.
Cat Eye LookEver since its introduction in the 60's, the Cat Eye has...
Starting at: $12.50
Royal Lip CrayonA crayon-inspired, chunky pencil that shades the lips with a...
Precise Micro LiplinerCreated especially for the sensitive lip area, this long-lasting,...
Gentle Eye Makeup RemoverGently and effectively removes all traces of eye makeup. This non-oily formula has been both allergy and clinically tested to be non-irritating for the delicate eye area. Anti-inflammatory and hydrating actives leave the skin soothed and hydrated.$19.00


text: I know you're nervous because they generally look like a cross between flat coke and chocolate milk, but a good Stout can be a thing of beauty. Perfect for cloudy or chilly days, Stouts are probably more palatable for novice beer nerds than an intense hoppy Pilsner or IPA. Usually pretty mellow but still full of flavor... Guinness is the most famous, but here's some others you might stumble upon at your local liquor store or on tab at your favorite craft brew pub. Cheers!


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Big fan of the seasonal brew. Something rugged, rich, and interesting with Oktoberfest written all over it. Typically I'm head over heels every fall for one pumpkin brew or another, but this year I went for a sampler pack from New Belgium and found a new love - Giddy Up!
The label had me confused at first. Lemon and coffee? Yes, I love both, but not together... until now. Both flavors are very present, but not colliding with each other. The citrus hits you on the front end and the espresso lingers on the back, resulting in a deep & very fulfilling fall favorite.
Plus, the title reminds me of a certain Seinfeld charater.


text: Suja,I spent 10 days in Belize once. I HATE the photos because they were taken around the time I was around my absolute heaviest. Plus I took them all on slide film and had them processed as color prints because I was trying to be all artsy. But my photos of an eagle ray turned out to be super cool!


text: KHQ.COM - A person who was getting off the bus in the area of Cleveland & Division was hit by a bicyclist. The person who was hit was taken to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries. It happened on Monday morning. It's not clear if the bicyclist will be cited.


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Dave, do something!
The punks are running wild. Blood is running in the streets and not a peep out of you, your minions in city hall or your police chief.
Detroit had more murders than any other city but one in America in the month of January regardless of population, location or any other yardstick – every city except for Chicago.
Because of a very bad last week to the month, Chicago clocked in with 40 homicides.
Detroit was right behind with 38.
Of course Chicago has 2.7 million residents. Detroit has slightly more than 700,000 people.
At that rate:
Get the point, Dave?
Detroit is a war zone and you haven't acknowledged it or made it a priority since you took office. Philly is up in arms. Chicago put more cops on the streets and you threaten cuts to an already beleaguered police force.
You can blame it on lack of money. You can blame it on a population that has a lack of work. A lack of education. A lack of hope. A lack respect for life. And you'd be right. Not much you can do there. It'll take decades to right those social ills.
But there is a lack of respect for the law. And you do have control over that. A breaking and entering that ends with two men stabbed to death. A 12-year-old shot in a dispute over a cell phone. The corpse of a Grosse Pointe Park woman dumped in your back alley.
Yes, you own that one too. Why was she dumped in Detroit like an old couch? Because in Detroit you can get away with it.
You need a strategy, Dave. Something more than virtual precincts. Something more than secretaries in patrol cars. Something more than a knee-jerk reaction when the murder rate spikes and your chief of police floods the zone with cops until a half-million dollars in overtime is burned up in two weeks.
The chief admitted that homicide and shooting victims were way up last year but said all other violent crime is down. Not even Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy believes that one.
You accused the governor of giving "lip service" when it comes to bailing out Detroit. You can fight over who should control Detroit's budget. But the streets of Detroit are out of control.
I heard Gov. Snyder say that Detroit needs a holistic approach to curing its murder problem. That includes cops and courts and jails and prosecutors and parole officers and a functioning 911 system.
Maybe you could invite him to dinner. People's lives are depending on it.
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The USDA's latest report confirms what many in the trade had been saying all along. Even though production may be on the rise, demand is strong enough especially on the export market, and that is keeping prices up. A prime example is dairy where cow numbers, production per cow and total milk production is up, however....demand both domestically, but especially internationally, has prices holding firm. And even though the USDA does feel that milk production will continue to grow, the Outlook Board is still forecasting prices to rise. Now saying the Class 3 price will average $20.65 per hundredweight, and the All Milk price should come in around $22.80.
The story is similar for corn and soybeans. Even though everyone feels soybean acreage will be up and production out of South America is good, analysts are not forecasting a big increase in ending stocks because demand remains strong...especially coming out of China. Demand is also the key for corn projections. Exports, although off record levels, are still good and the rebound in feed usage and ethanol demand are high enough to have the USDA revise downward their ending stocks number.As a result the USDA has the mid-point price for Soybeans at $13.00 a bushel and the midpoint price for Corn at $4.40 a bushel.
For the livestock markets its supply that continues to be the driver. The PED virus continues to negatively impact the baby pig population and the USDA is now calling for an average hog price of over $70.00 a hundredweight. While the build-up of the beef market is still slow to develop and so the USDA is projecting the price for steers to average over $147.00 per hundredweight. Even broiler prices have been rising and are now projected to increase by 2 1/2% over last year.
Obviously these higher producer prices have resulted in some sticker shock at the grocery store. Still we haven't seen a lot of price resistance from consumers, although more are weighing their protein options. It will be interesting what we see in purchases during the upcoming barbecue season .


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eGov Services • 1300 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 • (504) 658-4000
Home » Office of Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness
The New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness (NOHSEP) is responsible for disaster planning, response and recovery for the City of New Orleans. It coordinates the activities needed to protect the lives and property of its citizens, from natural to man-made disasters, through "All Hazards" emergency planning to increase New Orleans' capacity to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from major emergencies.
One of the office's main responsibilities is to advise the Mayor, City Council, and public safety agencies on emergency management activities and operations. NOHSEP also coordinates the state and federal agencies that respond to city-wide disasters and emergencies. This office makes all requests for federal disaster assistance and federal funding subsequent to disaster declarations.
Southeast Louisiana is one of the most vulnerable regions of the United States, and NOHSEP maintains 24/7 hour watch during all emergencies. If an incident escalates involving city-wide coordination, the Mayor, with the Deputy Mayor for Public Safety, activates the city's state-of-the-art Emergency Operations Center (EOC). At the EOC, city departments and organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Army Corps of Engineers and the United States Coast Guard coordinate response and recovery.
We follow the orderly and proven approach to Emergency Management started by the federal government called the Incident Command System (ICS). While the exact leadership structure depends upon the size of the incident, the Deputy Mayor for Public Safety interacts with the Superintendent of Police, Superintendent of Fire and Director of EMS to form a unified command. This helps information flow and street-level operations. The EOC remains activated until the unified command decides it is not needed.
NOHSEP works to actively engage and empower the community through outreach programs, presentations and other projects such as:
You can help your neighbors during a disaster and take a more active role in emergency preparedness projects. Your help can lead to a more resilient City. To find out how, please contact the NOHSEP Planning Section's Community Outreach Coordinator by completing this request form.
The National Response Framework (NRF) is the federally-mandated structure of emergency management created after the attacks of September 11, 2001.
We use the National Incident Management System (NIMS) to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to and recover from any emergency. We have close relations with federal, state and local partners to ensure thorough strategies throughout the four phases of emergency management: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.
Mitigation is the cornerstone of emergency management. It's the continuing effort to lessen the impact disasters have on people and property. Mitigation is defined as "sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects." Through effective mitigation practices NOHSEP can ensure that fewer people and communities become victims of natural disasters. For more information, see the Hazard Mitigation Office.
Preparedness takes the form of plans or procedures designed to save lives and to minimize damage when an emergency occurs. Planning, training, and drills are the essential elements of preparedness. These activities ensure that when a disaster strikes, emergency managers will be able to provide the best response possible. Disasters can be caused by tropical storms, gale force winds, floods, releases of deadly chemicals, fire, tornados, earthquakes and other natural and man-made hazards including bioterrorism and pandemic influenza. When disaster strikes, the best protection is to know what to do and to have a personal plan.
Response is defined as the actions taken to save lives and prevent further damage once a disaster or emergency situation has occurred. Response is putting preparedness plans into action. Response activities may include damage assessment, search and rescue, fire fighting, and sheltering victims.
Immediate recovery is defined as the actions taken to return the community to stabilized state following a disaster. This includes returning critical services and providing disaster supplies to affected citizens. Long-term recovery is the process of rebuilding and repopulating.
On Monday, June 3, the City of New Orleans, Evacuteer.org, and the Arts Council of New Orleans will unveil the installation of Evacuspots public art. The new 14-foot stainless steel sculptures will clearly identify City-Assisted Evacuation pick-up points where citizens without their own transportation would report to in the event the City calls for a mandatory evacuation.
NOLA Ready is the City of New Orleans' Emergency Alert System. It provides accurate, immediate emergency notifications straight from the City of New Orleans to your cell, work or home phone, via text message or email, and more. Receive notifications about emergencies that may affect your home, your parents' home, your workplace, and your child's school, as long as those locations are within the boundaries of Orleans Parish.
Every year citizens can purchase supplies for hurricane season tax free on the last weekend of May. This year, Hurricane Preparedness Sales Tax Holiday falls May 24-25. During this time tax-free purchases are authorized on the first $1,500 of the sales price of each of the following items:
After severe tornados hit Oklahoma, the state has compiled a list of ways to help and types of assistance needed.
Evacuteer.org trains and manages volunteers who assist citizens leaving town if the Mayor calls a mandatory evacuation. It only takes one training to become an evacuteer, and trainings are open now.
Last updated: 6/9/2014 10:33:01 AM


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Study Estimates Overall HPV Prevalence in U.S. Women
Overall prevalence included both low-risk and high-risk HPV types. Low-risk types of HPV can cause genital warts or other nonmalignant conditions. High-risk types of HPV can cause cervical cancer, and up to 70 percent of cervical cancers worldwide are caused by two high-risk strains alone - HPV types 16 and 18. Read more
Proposed Tobacco Legislation Underscores Need for Research
The remarkable decline in smoking rates over the past several decades is a testament to the excellent work of many in the cancer and public health communities. But that does not mean our work on this front is complete.
According to the most recent data, about 21 percent of U.S. adults were current smokers in 2005, but smoking rates were much higher among certain populations, including people with less education and those living in poverty. Tobacco companies, meanwhile, continue to introduce new products, some of which claim to be "reduced harm," and some of the nation's largest cigarette manufacturers are now even getting into the smokeless tobacco market. Read more
Study Estimates Overall HPV Prevalence in U.S. Women
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) published in the February 28 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) have provided the first national estimate of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in the United States aged 14 to 59. Investigators found that a total of 26.8 percent of women overall tested positive for one or more strains of HPV.
Overall prevalence included both low-risk and high-risk HPV types. Low-risk types of HPV can cause genital warts or other nonmalignant conditions. High-risk types of HPV can cause cervical cancer, and up to 70 percent of cervical cancers worldwide are caused by two high-risk strains alone - HPV types 16 and 18.
"We think it's important to let women know how common [HPV] is," says Dr. Eileen Dunne from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lead author of the study.
All women aged 14 to 59 selected to participate in the 2003-2004 NHANES, designed to collect health and nutrition measurements from a representative sample of the U.S. population, were eligible to participate in the HPV study. Most eligible women submitted self-collected cervicovaginal swab samples, 1,921 of which could be used for DNA extraction and HPV detection and typing.
Overall, 26.8 percent of women tested positive for one or more strains of HPV. Prevalence of HPV was highest in women ages 20-24. Among all participating women, the prevalence of high-risk types of HPV was 15.2 percent. The prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 - the types targeted by the HPV vaccine Gardasil - was 3.4 percent overall, translating to an estimated 3.1 million exposed women in the studied age groups.
An important limitation of this study, explains Dr. Philip Castle, an investigator in NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, is that "this prevalence study is only a snapshot of HPV in the country, but doesn't tell us anything about total lifetime exposure to HPV or the risk of precancer and cancer. Risk is not testing positive at one time point - it's the persistence of carcinogenic types of HPV."
Persistence of HPV infection - how long the virus remains active in a woman's body - is key to whether exposure to a high-risk type of HPV leads to cervical cancer. "If an infection from specific oncogenic HPV types does not clear within a period of time (about 6 months), it puts that woman at greater risk for cervical precursor lesions," explains Dr. Dunne.
"There's a lot of misunderstanding about HPV's complex natural history," Dr. Dunne continues. "It's not that if you get the infection, you get the disease. It's a common infection, and a lot of them clear [on their own]. The important thing is that women have routine cervical cancer screening with Pap tests, and appropriate groups of women receive the preventative vaccine that's now available."
The baseline data provided by this study may help researchers determine the public-health impact of HPV vaccination, explain the authors. However, "This is one piece of the big puzzle," says Dr. Dunne. "Looking at diseases such as genital warts, cervical cancer precursors, and cervical cancer will also be necessary to monitor vaccine impact."
"What we need…is a surveillance program that's linked to HPV vaccination uptake over a long period of time, so we can see the impact, and also any potential adverse effects, of an HPV vaccine," agrees Dr. Castle. "By monitoring benefits and risks of HPV vaccination, we can optimize the use of HPV vaccines to achieve the greatest good for women."
By Sharon Reynolds
Proposed Tobacco Legislation Underscores Need for Research
The remarkable decline in smoking rates over the past several decades is a testament to the excellent work of many in the cancer and public health communities. But that does not mean our work on this front is complete.
According to the most recent data, about 21 percent of U.S. adults were current smokers in 2005, but smoking rates were much higher among certain populations, including people with less education and those living in poverty. Tobacco companies, meanwhile, continue to introduce new products, some of which claim to be "reduced harm," and some of the nation's largest cigarette manufacturers are now even getting into the smokeless tobacco market.
It's with that backdrop that the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions committee last week held a hearing on legislation recently introduced by Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA) - and cosponsored by senators from both parties - that would grant the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate tobacco products.
In its current form, the legislation would grant FDA the authority to:
Important, complex, and unanswered research questions would be raised by additional regulatory authority requirements. Epidemiology and surveillance research would be required to monitor the impact of any modified-risk products introduced into the marketplace, and research would be needed to determine the biological impact of products with lower levels of nicotine and other toxic constituents both on individual and population levels.
NCI's Tobacco Control Research Branch (TCRB) is funding ongoing research on many of the issues raised by tobacco control advocates, including the effects of advertising and promotion on populations most at risk for smoking. Also, NCI is funding two important efforts that address tobacco products claiming to be reduced harm, one focused on testing such products and the other focused on assessing tobacco use behavior and exposure to toxins among users of such products.
Smoking remains the leading cause of premature, preventable death in the United States, accounting for one-third of all cancer deaths. Whatever the outcome of this legislative process, NCI is committed to its ongoing efforts to tackle the scourge of tobacco by funding cutting-edge tobacco control and prevention research.
Dr. John E. Niederhuber
UPDATE (November 4, 2010)
NCI has since released results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) mentioned in the article below. The trial compared the effects of two lung cancer screening procedures—low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) and standard chest X-ray—on lung cancer mortality and found 20 percent fewer lung cancer deaths among trial participants screened with low-dose helical CT. Read more >>
Study Finds Lung Cancer Screening May Not Reduce Deaths
New research suggests that the use of computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer screening may not reduce deaths from the disease and may expose some individuals to invasive and unnecessary treatments.
CT technology has generated considerable interest as a screening tool because it can detect very small growths in the lungs of current and former smokers. Two large, ongoing randomized studies - the NCI-sponsored National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and the NELSON trial in the Netherlands - are evaluating whether CT scans can save lives by detecting cancers before they become incurable.
A study in today's Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) addresses this question using data from CT screening studies at the Mayo Clinic, the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, and the Instituto Tumori in Italy. The analysis included more than 3,200 asymptomatic individuals who had smoked for an average of 39 years.
Because the studies lack control groups, Dr. Peter Bach of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and his colleagues used statistical modeling to create artificial control groups. They then compared the results from screening with what might have been expected in the absence of screening.
Screening led to a 3-fold increase in the number of lung cancers diagnosed and a 10-fold increase in lung cancer surgeries compared with what was expected without screening. Screening did not save lives and led to additional testing and treatments for growths that may never have caused harm, the researchers found.
"CT screening is an experimental procedure with numerous potential downsides," says Dr. Bach. These include exposure to radiation, anxiety from false-positive results, and harms caused by detecting and treating an indolent disease.
Participants in the study received an initial CT scan and at least three subsequent exams; they were followed for 5 years.
"The study found no decrease in the number of advanced cases of lung cancers or lung cancer deaths, and that's what is really alarming about the findings," notes Dr. William Black of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, who co-authored an editorial in JAMA.
The results will be compared with findings last October showing that CT screening resulted in a 10-year survival rate of 88 percent for patients with stage I disease. Reporting their findings in the New England Journal of Medicine, the investigators suggested that CT screening in high-risk individuals could prevent 80 percent of lung cancer deaths.
The huge contrast between the two studies reinforces the idea that randomized clinical trials are needed to understand what is going on, says Dr. Black. The most likely reason for the discrepancy was that the first study used survival as the primary measure of outcome while the second used mortality, he says.
"The new study is well done and critically important," says Dr. Christine Berg of NCI's Division of Cancer Prevention, who is co-leader of NLST. "The findings underscore the importance of a prospective trial to address this question with mortality as an endpoint."
The editorial suggests that while rigorous cancer-screening trials are expensive and time-consuming, they are cost-effective compared with the broad adoption of expensive screening interventions that cause more harm than good.
Dr. Bach is awaiting the NLST results, but he went into the study hoping and expecting that CT was going to work. "We were all very disappointed because, like everyone else, we want to have a solution to this terrible disease," he says.
By Edward R. Winstead
Children Often Develop Fragile Bones from Cancer and its Treatment
Research suggests that children treated for cancer are at greater risk years later for bone problems such as osteoporosis and fractures. An article in the April 1 issue of Cancer marshals evidence from a variety of studies and sources, leading its authors to conclude that "loss of bone mineral is clearly a common consequence of the treatment of cancer in children and adolescents."
A number of factors appear to contribute, argue Drs. Alessandra Sala and Ronald D. Barr of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. A major factor is multiagent chemotherapy with drugs such as methotrexate and ifosfamide that "have been labeled as especially toxic to bone," yet are commonly used to treat soft tissue and bone tumors. Cranial radiation therapy for children with brain tumors and some of the leukemias and lymphomas can sometimes trigger growth hormone disorders that compromise bone formation. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common childhood cancers, where the disease itself may compromise bone density, and where cumulative doses of glucocorticosteroid treatments most definitely do.
In all of these situations, the heightened physical activity that usually occurs in childhood is hindered, impeding patients' ability to accumulate the bone mineral density necessary to avoid osteoporosis in adulthood.
The authors conclude that reduced bone density in "children with cancer is of multifactorial origin, requiring comprehensive strategies for amelioration and prevention." Possible agents that warrant further study are the bisphosphonates and imatinib. Other strategies include more physical exercise, limiting the total cranial radiation dose, and overcoming calcium and vitamin D dietary deficiencies.
Strenuous Long-Term Physical Activity Lowers Risk of Breast Cancer
California researchers have found that strenuous long-term physical activity decreases a woman's risk of invasive and in situ breast cancer, according to study results published in the February 26 Archives of Internal Medicine.
Dr. Leslie Bernstein of the University of Southern California and colleagues evaluated 107,034 participants from the NCI-funded California Teachers Study, a prospective study of current and retired female California public school teachers and administrators established in 1995-1996. Researchers collected information on the participants' level of physical activity - moderate or strenuous - between high school and their current age (or age 54, if the participant was 55 or older), as well as activity in the past 3 years.
Women who annually participated in more than 5 hours per week of strenuous activity had a lower risk of invasive breast cancer compared with the least active women. Long-term moderate activity and strenuous and moderate activity in the past 3 years were not associated with invasive breast cancer. Researchers also found that women who participated in long-term strenuous or moderate physical activity had a decreased risk of ER-negative invasive breast cancer, but not of ER-positive invasive breast cancer.
Participants had also reported information on relevant breast cancer risk factors, including race/ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, reproductive history, menopausal status, use of hormone therapy and oral contraceptives, height, weight, diet, smoking history, alcohol consumption, mammography screening history, and breast biopsy history. However, these factors did not account for the relationship between exercise and breast cancer.
The authors noted, "In summary, these results provide additional evidence supporting a protective role for long-term strenuous recreational physical activity on risk of invasive and in situ breast cancer, whereas the beneficial effects of moderate activity are less clear."
Radiation and Chemo Before Esophageal Cancer Surgery Improves Survival
A significant survival benefit was evident for the preoperative (neoadjuvant) use of combination chemoradiotherapy and, to a lesser extent, for chemotherapy alone in patients with localized esophageal cancer in a meta-analysis of data from numerous clinical trials that was published online February 15 in Lancet Oncology.
Traditional management of patients with localized esophageal cancer has been by surgical resection alone; however, "survival is poor…and many patients develop metastatic disease or locoregional recurrence soon after surgery," noted the researchers, led by Dr. Val Gebski of the National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre at the University of Sydney in Australia. Because of the high rate of surgical complications, "focus has turned to neoadjuvant treatment" as a way to improve survival, they added.
The meta-analysis included 10 randomized comparisons of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus surgery alone (1,209 patients) and 8 studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery in 1,724 patients.
Results for chemoradiotherapy studies showed a 13-percent absolute improvement in survival at 2 years, with similar results for different tumor types: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma. Analysis of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies indicated a 2-year absolute survival benefit of 7 percent. Chemotherapy had no significant effect on all-cause mortality for patients with SCC, although there was a significant benefit for those with adenocarcinoma.
Most of the studies included in the meta-analysis were started before 1994. "[C]urrent trials have used higher doses of radiation (typically 50 Gy) that are likely to result in better downstaging of overt tumours as well as death of micrometastases," the researchers added.
Aromatase Inhibitors Come of Age
Two approaches dominate the development of hormone-based treatments for breast cancer. One approach focuses on preventing estrogen from binding to its receptor and activating cell-signaling pathways that accelerate tumor growth. This strategy led to the development of the drug tamoxifen, which belongs to a class of drug called selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs).
Since its approval by the FDA for the treatment of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in 1977, tamoxifen has become a mainstay of therapy. However, many women develop resistance to the drug over time, leading to cancer recurrence. In addition, because tamoxifen binds directly to the estrogen receptor, it can sometimes activate the signaling pathways it was designed to block.
"We knew that tamoxifen was a partial agonist - a weak estrogen," explains Dr. Angela Brodie, professor of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics at the University of Maryland, who has worked on the development of AIs for more than 35 years. "So we thought it might not be optimally effective on tumors…and that it could cause side effects. In fact, it does increase the risk of stroke and endometrial cancer."
A Different Mechanism
Two different types of AIs are in use in the clinic today. Steroidal AIs, such as exemestane (Aromasin), bind permanently to aromatase. Nonsteroidal AIs, such as anastrozole (Arimidex) and letrozole (Femara), bind reversibly to aromatase and compete with the precursors of estrogen for the enzyme.
Both steroidal and nonsteroidal AIs have been shown in large-scale clinical trials to be superior to tamoxifen in extending survival in women with metastatic disease, and in preventing recurrence when used as primary adjuvant therapy. In addition, treatment with an AI after a full course of tamoxifen continues to improve recurrence-free survival, compared with cessation of hormone therapy.
The challenge remains to determine the best schedule for up-front AI treatment. Studies have shown that 5 years of an AI alone are more effective at preventing recurrence than 5 years of tamoxifen alone, and that switching women already taking tamoxifen to an AI after 2 or 3 years prevents more recurrences than continuing tamoxifen for a full 5 years. However, it is not clear yet if sequencing tamoxifen and an AI in women who have not yet been treated with hormone therapy confers a benefit over 5 years of an AI alone.
Results from trials where women have switched from tamoxifen to an AI cannot be applied to women who have not yet received any hormone therapy. "It's important to understand that while the treatment is the same, the patients are not the same," says Dr. Beat Thürlimann, president of the International Breast Cancer Study Group. "If you have already taken 2 or 3 years of tamoxifen and survived disease-free, you belong to a favorable prognostic group."
"When you make a decision about treatment after surgery, you don't know if you belong to this favorable category or not," Dr. Thürlimann continues. "With sequencing trials, you're looking at a broader patient population." The Breast International Group trial BIG 1-98 is comparing sequencing of tamoxifen and letrozole to either tamoxifen or letrozole alone after surgery for early-stage breast cancer. The preliminary results from this part of the trial, expected in 2008, will provide valuable information on sequencing hormone therapies in women who have not yet received hormone therapy.
New Questions
In addition, the role of AIs in premenopausal patients remains to be defined. While AIs alone may not have an effect in premenopausal women, because the ovaries can override the inhibition by producing a large amount of aromatase, clinical trials are now testing AIs in premenopausal women in combination with drugs such as goserelin, which suppress ovarian function.
Because AIs have also reduced the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer in several studies, researchers are now testing the compounds as chemopreventive agents. Two large scale trials have begun testing exemestane and anastrozole in women at high risk for developing breast cancer. Although tamoxifen was approved in 1998 for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women, fewer women than expected have chosen to take it.
"One reason [healthy] women don't want to take tamoxifen is fear of side effects," explains Dr. Jennifer Eng-Wong, a clinical oncologist in NCI's Center for Cancer Research. If AIs prove to have both efficacy in preventing breast cancer occurrence and acceptable side effects, they and the new generation of SERMs such as raloxifene will provide women at high risk with additional options to help prevent the disease.
By Sharon Reynolds
Measuring Biological Response to Curcumin
Name of the Trial
Principal Investigators
Why This Trial Is Important
Microscopic lesions in the lining of the colon called aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are thought to be precursors of colon polyps and, ultimately, malignant tumors. ACF lesions typically display biomarkers that may indicate precancerous development. In this trial, researchers are exploring the ability of a substance called curcumin to affect these biomarkers and possibly stop the progression to cancer. Curcumin is a component of turmeric, a spice commonly used in curry powder.
Doctors are interested in determining whether curcumin supplements taken for 30 days can help reduce the levels of precancerous biomarkers in the ACF of smokers who have eight or more lesions. Smoking is a known risk factor for colon cancer, and studies suggest that as many as 80 percent of smokers have ACF lesions.
"Though it has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, we're very early in the clinical development of curcumin as a chemopreventive agent," Dr. Meyskens said. "This trial is a proof-of-principle study to see if curcumin really can affect the relevant biomarkers in humans. If it does, we can then design a larger cancer prevention trial based on demonstrated biological response rather than on results from epidemiological studies."
Who Can Join This Trial
Study Sites and Contact Information
An archive of "Featured Clinical Trial" columns is available at http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ft-all-featured-trials.
NCI recently posted a redesigned Clinical Trials portal area at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials. Based on feedback gathered during user testing, the main Clinical Trials menu page and other key pages have been simplified. It is now easier to locate summaries of clinical trial results organized by type of cancer or topic. Improvements to NCI's basic and advanced clinical trials search forms give users better orientation and search help. The portal area also features educational materials about clinical trials, information about major NCI-supported clinical trials, and information for researchers about conducting clinical trials.
New Communications Guide for Breast Cancer Screening Available
If Memory Serves...
In their 1938 deliberations over NCI's expenditures, the National Advisory Cancer Council considered purchasing 15 to 20 grams of radium for research on treating cancer with radiation. However, they decided against such a large amount of radium, expecting that a supervoltage x-ray machine would soon be available for the same purpose. (Read more)
For more information about the birth of NCI, go to http://www. cancer.gov/aboutnci/ncia.
Free copies of the guide can be ordered at https://pubs.cancer.gov/ncipl. A downloadable version is also available online at http://www.appliedresearch.cancer.gov/
Women's Health Week Web Site Launched
During the week, families, communities, businesses, government, health organizations, and other groups will work together to celebrate progress in women's health; bring attention to and create understanding of women's health issues; encourage women to get regular check-ups; provide free or reduced cost screenings for women nationwide; and educate women about steps they can take to improve their physical and mental health and prevent disease.
Following are newly released NCI research funding opportunities:
Announcement Number: RFA-CA-07-045
Letter of Intent Receipt Date: March 13, 2007
Application Receipt Date: April 13, 2007
This is a renewal of RFA-CA-06-011 and will use the U54 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3687. Inquiries: Dr. H. Nelson Aguila - firstname.lastname@example.com, Dr. Peter Ogunbiyi - firstname.lastname@example.com, Belinda Locke - email@example.com
Feasibility Studies for Collaborative Interaction for Minority Institution/Cancer Center Partnership
This funding opportunity will use the P20 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3685. Inquiries: Dr. H. Nelson Aguila - email@example.com, Dr. Peter Ogunbiyi - firstname.lastname@example.com, Belinda Locke - firstname.lastname@example.com
Continued Development and Maintenance of Software
This is a renewal of PAR-05-057 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3686. Inquiries: Dr. Jennifer A. Couch - email@example.com
Global Research Initiative Program, Basic/Biomedical Sciences
This is a renewal of PAR-06-394 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3689. Inquiries: Dr. Susan A. McCarthy - email@example.com