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By Anatoly Liberman
Nobody wants to be called a bigot, but accusations of bigotry are hurled at political opponents with great regularity, because (obviously) everyone who disagrees with us is a bigot, and it is to the popularity of this ignominious word that I ascribe the frequency with which I am asked about its origin. Rather long ago I wrote about bigot in the "gleanings," but answers in the "gleanings" tend to be lost, while a separate essay will pop up in the Internet every time someone will ask: "Where did bigot come from?" Wherever it came from, the word has changed its meaning since the old days. It used to mean "hypocrite; someone who professes his religious views with excessive zeal." Today a bigot is a fanatic, a dyed in the wool adherent of some political doctrine (which, as pointed out, does not coincide with ours).
The questions asked in connection with bigot are four: 1) Does bigot have anything to do with the word god? 2) Is bigot (from an etymological point of view) the same word as Spanish bigote "moustache"? 3) Is Romance big- "goat" the root of bigot? and 4) Did bigot, if it was coined as a term of abuse, target some religious group? Before I answer those questions, I should warn our readers against the information one can occasionally find in the Internet and in printed sources. For example, in October 1997, the Catholic Digest published on pp. 117-120 an article titled "Asphalt, Bigot, and Comma." It informed the subscribers that asphalt goes back to Leopold von Asphalt (1802-1880), that bigot derives from Nathaniel Bigot (1575-1660), an English Puritan preacher, and that comma traces back to Domenico da Comma (1264-1316), an Italian Dominican scholar whose signature punctuation mark led to a charge of heresy by the Inquisition (commas, apparently, were not found in the earliest manuscripts of the Bible and were therefore considered an insult to God). Many other gentlemen, including Mr. Botch, Mr. Doldrum, and Mr. Fiasco, enlivened the pages of that publication. I wrote a politely indignant letter to the editor but received no answer. Beware of amateur etymologists.
According to an oft-repeated story, preserved in an old chronicle, Rollo of Normandy, on receiving the dukedom from Charles the Simple, refused to kiss the king's foot and said (in English!): "Nese bi god," that is, "No, by god." Allegedly, this is how bigod, later bigot, became an opprobrious moniker of the duke and then of the Normans. That Rollo should have offended the king and said something in English to him is beyond belief, but it is not improbable that some such taunting name of the Normans (who had the reputation for bad manners and swearing) existed. Yet the constant association in the past between the word bigot and religious hypocrisy (that is, obstinate devotion to a creed) does not augur well for the bigod theory. Also, the story has too strong a taste of a folk etymological guess invented in retrospect to explain an obscure word. To this day French bigot means "excessively pious; superstitious." A convincing etymology of bigot should probably be sought in a religious sphere, where it had a concrete addressee; the slur as we know it must have been secondary. For comparison, I may cite bugger, ultimately from Medieval Latin Bulgarus "heretic," because the Bulgarians belonged to the Greek Church. From Latin it made its way into French (where it already meant "sodomite"), from French into Middle Dutch, and finally, in the sixteenth century, into English.
One of the twentieth-century hypotheses on the origin of bigot connects it with Yiddish begotisch "pious, God-loving." Only in Yiddish do we find a positive sense of a bigot- word. But there its structure is transparent: "(being) by God," while whether bigot is bi-got or big-ot, or something else constitutes the main problem. Otto von Best, the author of the Yiddish hypothesis, attempted to connect bigot not only with God but also with moustache, for Spanish hombre de bigotes, literally "a man with a moustache," means "a steadfast man, a man of strong character." Von Best reconstructed a situation in which anti-Semites heaped abuse on the Jews clinging to their religion and refusing to shave off beards. By contrast, the Jews reviled the beard shaving apostates. Thus did in his opinion, begotisch lose the positive connotations (preserved in Yiddish) and acquire its present day meaning. The entire situation strikes me as rather improbable, and it remains unclear why and where the Romance languages borrowed the word bigot from Yiddish, but the point that in dealing with bigot we sometimes encounter positive or at least neutral senses is well taken, not so much on account of Yiddish as in light of Italian sbigottire "to dismay" (compare sbigottirsi "to be dismayed or amazed, dumbfounded"); amazement is not synonymous with fanaticism. (The Italian examples are from von Best's article.)
It is not my purpose to go over the rather numerous etymologies of bigot, for, if, as I think, the word originated as a religious slur, moustache and goats (though goats have beards) should probably be left out of the picture, which means that Spanish bigote has an etymology of its own. (Even if mustachioed foreigners were mocked somewhere in Europe, the taunt could not have produced the sense "an over-devout person.") By a coincidence (?), bigot, like bugger, also surfaced in English texts in the sixteenth century, though it was known in southern France four hundred years earlier; it was applied to some people living there. The ingenious derivation of bigot from Visigothi, that is, Visigoths, who were converted to Christianity in the fourth century and embraced Arianism (and were, consequently, looked upon as heretics), shatters at the difference between the initial consonants and the fact that a memory of the Goths and their beliefs would hardly have lingered for so many centuries.
Several religious orders had names sounding like bigot: Beghardi (from which we possibly have beggar), Beguines (like Beghardi, derived from the founder's name), and especially Beguttæ. All of them, as Wedgwood wrote, "professed a religious life, and wore a distinctive dress, without shutting themselves or binding themselves by permanent vows. We don't gather from the quotations that there was originally anything offensive in the names themselves…. But the pretension to superior strictness of life easily falls under the suspicion of insincerity, and thus these names soon began to imply a charge of exaggeration and even hypocrisy." Note the accent on the deterioration of meaning in the course of time. Wedgwood traced bigot to Begutta (of which Beguttæ is the plural), but bigot was known earlier that Begutta, whatever the origin of that word is.
Of all the conjectures on the etymology of bigot I find the one by the French linguist Maurice Grammont (1866-1946) the best. He was so prominent as an instrumental phonetician and a general linguist, and his suggestions on early bilingual education made him so famous among specialists that his ideas outside those two areas have been overlooked. The curse of etymological work, to the extent that it goes beyond recycling the OED and Skeat, is that even the most dedicated researchers cannot keep track of hundreds of notes in fugitive journals, short reviews, and chance footnotes. They miss important ideas and tend to reinvent the same creaky wheel. Grammont commented on bigot in a review of Bloch's French etymological dictionary (I discovered it after my bibliography of English etymology was published, so that the reference is not there). As follows from the subsequent editions of Bloch's dictionary, it made no impression on its author or on anybody else. Grammont proposed that bigot is a shortening of Albigot. Albegensian heresy flourished at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century in southern France, that is, exactly where and when the word bigot seems to have turned up for the first time. We still have to understand the semantic history of the Italian words, cited above (were the Italian Catholics bewildered and frightened, rather than disgusted, by such views?), but it may be that we do have the answer to the riddle that has seemed insoluble for such a long time. If Romance etymologists read this blog do, perhaps they will respond.
Anatoly Liberman is the author of Word Origins…And How We Know Them as well as An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction. His column on word origins, The Oxford Etymologist, appears here, each Wednesday. Send your etymology question to him care of firstname.lastname@example.com; he'll do his best to avoid responding with "origin unknown."
10 Responses to "Nobody wants to be called a bigot"
Thank you for an informative article.
Re. the etymology of 'bugger', I had always understood – from my time studying the Albigensians/Cathars as an undergraduate at Oxford – that not only does 'bugger' derive from 'Bulgarian', but also that it refers not to the Greek Orthodox Church, which was not heretical from the perspective of Rome, just schismatic, but rather to a group of heretic Bulgarians, the Bogomils, whose beliefs were similar to the later Cathars (or Albigensians). The Roman Church assimilated the two, assuming that the heresy had begun in Bulgaria.
Accusing alleged heretics of any kind of 'sodomy' was standard practice in the High Middle Ages – it was deemed to be part of their diabolical rituals conducted in secret, along with spitting on the cross and other such insults to the true religion. King Philip IV of France and his advisers levelled the same accusation of sodomy at the Knights Templar prior to their dissolution in the early fourteenth century, as well as against Pope Boniface VIII during the course of the king's quarrel with the papacy.
Interesting read.
I'm no expert, but I'm Italian, so out of curiosity I consulted an Italian dictionary ( http://garzantilinguistica.sapere.it/it/dizionario/ ) which suggests a different origin for the verb "sbigottirsi":
"Forse dal provenz. esbair o dal fr. ant. esbahir 'sbalordire'"
(possibly from Provençal esbair or from ancient French esbahir meaning amaze)
This link seems also to basically confirm the above hypothesis http://www.etimo.it/?term=sbigottire&find=Cerca
For the word "bigotto" though, the first dictionary suggest:
Dal fr. bigot, orig. epiteto spregiativo dato ai normanni per il loro intercalare bî God, nell'ant. alto ted. 'per Dio'
whilst the second mentions some of the interpretations you gave.
Even in contemporary Spanish, one would be clearly understood by making a reference to 'los bigotes' — the equivalent of 'the graybeards' or 'the suits'. It clearly indicates a source of arbitrary or irrational authority. While a tad on the literary side, it really lends itself to talking about inquisition-style religious judges.
The Yiddish explanation, which you are right to reject, is actually backwards: bagotish is a back-formation based on a folk etymology. The form bigotish exists as well and is the more standard one. And despite the folk misanalysis of bagotish as godly, the word is just as negative in Yiddish as in other languages.
"The ingenious derivation of bigot from Visigothi…shatters at the difference between the initial consonants"
I don't know anything about the etymology of the word, nor do I have an opinion one way or the other, but I do know that v and b are linguistically pretty close. The two sounds get mixed up all the time. For example, in some Spanish accents "vaca" is often pronounced like "baca." Similarly, compare the Italian word for horse, cavallo, to the Spanish word, caballo. Similarly, the non-English versions of the name (and month) April include Avril and Abril. Even within a single language, you see related words make v/b switches, eg. IR in Spanish (vas, va, van in the present and ibas, iba, iban in the imperfect). Point being, v/b switches are very common.
To be fair, you say "the initial consonants" (plural), so maybe it's the S in Visigothi, not the V that you're referring to. It's not hard linguistically to get from Visigothi to Bisigot…but the dropping of the second syllable with the S is the harder part. Maybe that's what you meant, but it's surely not the v/b distinction.
That's not to say I think you wrongfully dismissed that idea. It may very well be wrong for other reasons, but surely not simply because a v turned into a b.
"B" and "V" are quite commonly interchanged in Indo-European languages as they develop. One might note Basil/Vasili, the pronunciation in Modern Greek of words beginning with "beta" as "v-" (a trend which was underway in Hellenistic times) etc. So I am afraid that your main linguistic reason for rejecting the alleged bigot/Visigoth connection is rather questionable. The problem with the etymology is the lost sibilant and the historical implausibility of the connection.
Two points regarding "albigot", which is, surely, the most likely derivation. The Albigensians/Cathars were notorious for strong, even extremist, views on religious/social topics, whether one took those views to be heretical or not. Secondly, it's possible that over time al- came to be regarded (wrongly) as if it were the Arabic "al" ("the") and was dropped, leaving "bigot" as a newly constituted word in its own right. (Here one might cite alkarawya – caraway, alkimia – alchemy – chemie (chemistry)). If one assumed that the word filtered through the Spanish Jewish community, many of whom would have been familiar with Arabic, and who might well have dropped the al-, this would perhaps explain how begotisch came into the picture, as a fairly simple combination of begot/bigot plus suffix -isch. Given the proximity of Spain to Provence, the cultural/linguistic overlap in the 13th century, and the likelihood of the then notorious Cathars being noticed for their extreme piety,this would seem like the most logical connection. Incidentally, one notes that "got/Gott" are both used as a Yiddish element meaning "god", which would make it much easier for original (al)bigot-isch "fanatical/cultist/extreme devotee" to slip into a positive meaning of "godly/pious".
Albegensian heresy. This rings a bell. I remember reading about this many, many years ago in Norman Cohn's "The Pursuit of the Millennium." I'll have another sniff around and see if he draws an actual connection or reference to this word, if I can locate my copy. It's been decades.
[...] Bigot. So far (Friday afternoon) I have read seven observations. If more appear, I'll discuss them next week. I wrote the post on bigot because I wanted to advertise Grammont's etymology. It seemed reasonable to our readers, but etymologies are not established by plebiscites, so that, as I said at the end of the previous post, I hope that Romance scholars will either prove Grammont wrong or congratulate themselves on having a hard riddle solved. More than a hundred years ago the great French linguist Antoine Meillet said that all the good etymologies had already been offered and those being proposed were bad. I sincerely hope he was mistaken. [...]
[...] and indulge in a goodly amount of hedging. My most successful inroad on this area was probably an essay on bigot, but only because I discovered a review of which no one seems to be [...]
[...] will wait until the end of this miniseries, because some time ago (26 October 2011) I published a special post on this word and now have only a short remark to add to it. But beggars and buggers cry out for recognition and [...]


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When you order a kids' meal at any restaurant, chances are you're not going to get a quinoa salad or grilled chicken with kale, hold the oil. Instead, you can bet on a basket of fried chicken fingers and fries or a bowl of macaroni and cheese.
If anyone is surprised by this, please speak now.
A recent study by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) found that most restaurant kids' meals are still brimming with calories.


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ZF-5766: Evaluate inclusion of Recursive XSD Types in WSDL Complex Type Generation
The generation of WSDL complex types that recurse is a topic that has to be thought of for the Zend_Soap_Wsdl stuff.
linked the wrong issue :(
Though my issue http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-8948 was tagged as a duplicate, the patch I've supplied is working for me quite well.
Is there anyone here capable of verifying the patch?


text: Hey all a friend borrowed me his ipod to put music on it for him but, I would like to transfer the music he has on his ipod to my iTunes as he has quite a few selections that I wouldn't mind having. I plug it in, itunes recognizes it as his ipod and asks me whether I want to Sync it or not. Help me out someone please, I would hate to delete the tunes he already has on his.


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Monday is Labor Day, a federal holiday honoring the working people of the United States and the labor movement that helped ensure workers' rights and safety.
All federal, state and local governmental offices are closed Monday. Emergency services are fully operational, however.
All banks and the financial markets are closed Monday. The ATMs usually are stocked and working.
There is no regular mail delivery, but Express Mail will still be delivered.
All public and private schools are closed.
Many retail stores are open, especially grocery stores, movie theaters and shopping malls. Some of these merchants will operate on reduced hours, however.
The first Monday in September was made a federal holiday in 1894, following the deaths of numerous workers at the hands of the U.S. military and U.S. Marshals during the Pullman Strike. President Grover Cleveland signed the bill into law. The labor movement continued well into the 20th Century and beyond.
The forecast for the Labor Day holiday is cloudy with high temperatures in the 70s. There is a chance of rain in the evening, probably after the barbecues, meteorologists predict.


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August 1, 2014
Thursday, December 13, 2012--5:40p.m.
DANE COUNTY--We've all heard stories of people with long histories of drunk driving--and people always wonder how such a thing happens.
We decided to talk with a member of a local sheriff's department traffic enforcement team about this issue. He filled-us in on Wisconsin's laws for drunk driving. He says the laws reflect the people who live here--and that the people who live here have a drinking culture.
He says it's not a criminal offense for first timers--instead they receive what's basically a ticket. He says the fine for a first offense is expensive--it's in the thousand dollar range, but he says in other states there's the potential for jail time. He says Wisconsin has lighter laws than some places, but adds that they were recently strengthened. "Any first offense person that was arrested with a blood alcohol concentration of .15 or greater is required to have ignition interlock device installed in their car for the period of two years," said Deputy Steven Mueller, of the Dane County Sheriff's Office.
Again, it takes a blood alcohol concentration that's nearly double the legal limit to prompt a mandatory ignition interlock device after a first offense.
That's a topic that the National Transportation Safety Board is talking about this week; they're recommending all states make them mandatory for any person who has an alcohol-impaired offense.


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The Cedar Grove Pack 2 Cub Scouts will present a free movie night at 7 p.m. on Saturday September 29 at Morgan Farm.
The scouts will be showing "Jumanji" starring Robin Williams while also presenting information on how scouts can help boys and their families.
"Scouting provides boys the opportunity to learn about themselves, their community and the environment while helping build strong character," they said in a written statement. "The boys strive to do their best to do what is right. Life lessons are learned with scouting."
The scouts will be meeting 7 p.m. at the gazebo at Morgan Farm, located at 903 Pompton Avenue in Cedar Grove.


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The Paddock Lectures 2013
The Paddock Lectures 2013
Media, Meaning and Ministry in the Digital Reformation:
The Paddock Lectures by Dr. Elizabeth Drescher
Dr. Elizabeth Drescher will deliver this year's prestigious Paddock Lectures on Wednesday, November 6 at 6:30 p.m. and Thursday, November 7 at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Dr. Drescher is a truly dynamic speaker, scholar and researcher on issues critical to ministry: the spiritual lives of the religiously unaffiliated, spiritual and pastoral implications of the increasing integration of digital social media in everyday life, and how communities of faith can minister in a world of dramatically expanded religious, spiritual, and epistemological boundaries.
The lecture series, "Media, Meaning, and Ministry in the Digital Reformation," will examine the roots of digital reformation, introduce Dr. Drescher's research on the spiritual lives of religious "nones," and explore the digitally integrated, postmodern, and expanding universe of belief, spirituality, and institutional religion across geographies and generations.
The public is welcome to attend any or all of the lectures. For more information click here, and to register, go to paddock2013.eventbrite.com or click here.
The Lectures have become a highly anticipated feature of GTS' annual Alumni Gathering. If you are a member of the alumni community and wish registration information for the full gathering, which includes the Paddock Lectures, please click here.
Search Calendar
Upcoming Events from the GTS Master Calendar
To view the full GTS Master Calendar, please go to Master Calendar
To view all GTS Eventbrite Events, please go to All GTS Eventbrite Events


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TAHLEQUAH — Tahlequah city councilors have given the approval to test controlled, open consumption of low-point beer during a two-day music festival in October in Norris Park.
Councilors voted 3-1 in favor of the resolution proposed by Police Chief Nate King, with Ward 3 Councilor Maurice Turney being the lone vote against it.
"The people who I represent within my ward, the majority of them would want me to vote no for this," Turney told King during Tuesday night's council meeting.
King asked councilors to allow attendees of the North End Music Festival, Oct. 4-5, to carry 3.2 beer from The Branch, The Grill, and Ned's into the music festival in Norris Park. King said Main Street Association Director Drew Haley has applied for permission to sell low-point beer at Norris Park during the event. The low-point beer would be required to be in plastic cups, and must be purchased at the Norris Park beer garden, Ned's, The Branch, or The Grill.
"Plans for the event are to block off north Muskogee Avenue from the intersection of Morgan Street to Goingsnake, to close off Norris Park," said King. "The streets surrounding Norris Park will be contained. Fifty feet from (nearby businesses), people will be consuming low-point beer, so my suggestion tonight is to pass a resolution allowing patrons from those businesses, and including Ned's, to be able to carry low-point alcohol from those businesses in a plastic cup to and from Norris Park so that they can both frequent the businesses and the music festival at the same time."
King promised added police presence in the park. The main street association will also be hiring off-duty police as security, and King said some of the downtown establishments have considered doing the same.
"This resolution would in no way negate Oklahoma state statutes or Tahlequah city ordinances involving public intoxication, disturbing the peace and things of that nature," said King.
King told Turney he understands his concerns.
"I knew that this would be a touchy subject as far as, there are some risks with it," King said. "I figure an event like this would be a prime opportunity for a test run, a real-live experiment, so that we can analyze the data as to the pros and cons of open consumption of alcohol in the heart of Tahlequah. I am prepared to support this and put the manpower there that will ensure the safety of the attendees of the music festival and attendees of The Branch, The Grill, Ned's, and all other businesses in the North End District."
Turney asked King how police officers will deal with those who become intoxicated at the music festival.
"When some of the people who are there get intoxicated that night — and they'll get intoxicated, even though you may not think so — will they be arrested for public intoxication?" he asked King.
King said people arrested for public intoxication typically have caused some sort of disturbance.
"I feel like there will be persons that probably drink one too many at the event," King said. "I don't think it will be hundreds of people; I think it will be single-digit numbers of people, because we'll have added presence there that will be visible, and I think it will keep the event quiet and peaceful. We will deal with situations as needed if we have any unruly or loud attendees."
Turney also asked whether police will check IDs.
"One of the concerns I have: We don't let teenagers go to bars, but now we are bringing the bars out in Norris Park; we're bringing the drinks out there," said Turney. "There are going to be minors there."
King said officers will check anyone who could be underage, but said the Main Street Association and the nearby establishments that sell the low-point beer will also assist in that process.
Haley told the council that the beer garden in Norris Park, if approved, will be on the concrete slab and enclosed with a fence. Those who purchase beer at the park will be ID'd and given a wristband to wear.
King said he would meet with representatives from Ned's, The Branch, and The Grill to see whether they might purchase the same type of plastic cups in which to serve the low-point beer, and that would help officers identify anyone who breaks the consumption rules. Haley said he could also look into giving those establishments the same wristbands for customers who buy alcohol.
"I don't know that I'm for or against the open consumption of alcohol, but I felt that it was a good, controlled environment — or as controlled an environment that we can get — to test this, and to see if there are negative effects," King said. "I don't foresee any major problems. I feel like probably our biggest problem is going to be litter in this event."
City employees now may receive "educational incentive" pay for completion of an associate's degree, bachelor's degree, or master's degree from an accredited college or university.
Full-time employees who work at least 40 hours per week, and who have been employed with the city for one year, can earn the incentive.
Those who qualify will receive $15 per pay period for an associate's degree; $25 per pay period for a bachelor's; or $50 if they have a master's.
Payments will be made in a lump sum on the anniversary of the employee's hire date, Smith said. All pay increases are subject to budget availability.
Elected officials cannot receive the educational pay.
"We're trying to do everything we can to try to 'incentive-ize' employees to seek further training," Mayor Jason Nichols said.
Smith said the program will be retroactive to last July.
Josh Newton writes for the Tahlequah Daily Press.
Local News
Tahlequah OKs beer at Oct. festival
TAHLEQUAH — Tahlequah city councilors have given the approval to test controlled, open consumption of low-point beer during a two-day music festival in October in Norris Park.
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- Abandoned boat found on river
- Funeral fund set up for slain man's family
- Registration for runoff election ends today
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New full length 'Dr. Who' trailer premieres
The first full-length trailer for the new series of the show has appeared, featuring a good look at the new doctor, as portrayed by Peter Capaldi.
How the next 'Doctor Who' breaks all the rules
This year's "Doctor Who" Christmas special promises to be shocking.
Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of 'Doctor Who' in public
The TV show "Doctor Who" turns 50 today. Here's a list of places to view tonight's very special anniversary special.
'Doctor Who' 50th anniversary trailer finally revealed
After months of anticipation, the "Doctor Who" 50th anniversary trailer was published online at last.
Disc jockey: The beautifully sweary 'The Thick of It' comes to America
The government comedy "The Thick of It," by "Veep" creator Armando Iannucci and starring future "Doctor Who" star Peter Capaldi, finally hits America.
The Word: 'Doctor Who' showrunner's second thoughts on Peter Capaldi
Everyone seems thrilled at the casting of Peter Capaldi as the new star of "Doctor Who." But showrunner Steven Moffat initially didn't want him.
Peter Capaldi named new Doctor Who
Peter Capaldi has been named as the twelfth actor to play Doctor Who, the main character of the long-running science-fiction […]
Who's the new Doctor Who? It's Peter Capaldi, aka Malcolm Tucker
Peter Capaldi, famous for playing hyper-profane Malcolm Tucker on "The Thick of It" and in "In the Loop," was cast as the twelfth incarnation of Doctor Who.


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Guns N' Roses' follow-up to their 2008 release Chinese Democracy might already be in the planning stages. At least that's what guitarist DJ Ashba, a member of the band since 2009, told the wire service Artisan News Service at a recent red-carpet event in California.
"We're talking about that right now," he said when asked about the possibility of a follow-up. "We've been throwing around a bunch of ideas, and it should be good."
David Fricke on Chinese Democracy
The path to "throwing around ideas" to release date for Chinese Democracy took a while to walk down — 13 years, in fact. But Ashba is confident that the band will be able to put together a new album much quicker.
"It won't take as long, I promise," he said. "I'm excited to get this one rolling. ... You know, Axl [Rose] has a lot of good shit up his sleeve, so I'm excited about it."
Photos: Guns N' Roses' Early Days:
The band is keeping busy over the coming months: A tour will take them to Australia and the Middle East, and Ashba said they'd return to the U.S. for a tour in February. No dates have been officially announced yet.
New album from Guns N' Roses coming soon? [Rock It Out Blog]
To read the new issue of Rolling Stone online, plus the entire RS archive: Click Here
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Summary | Excerpt | Reviews | Beyond the book | Readalikes | Genres & Themes | Author Bio
For as long as she can remember, Wren Gray's goal has been to please her parents. But as high school graduation nears, so does an uncomfortable realization: Pleasing her parents once overlapped with pleasing herself, but now ... not so much. Wren needs to honor her own desires, but how can she if she doesn't even know what they are?
Charlie Parker, on the other hand, is painfully aware of his heart's desire. A gentle boy with a troubled past, Charlie has loved Wren since the day he first saw her. But a girl like Wren would never fall for a guy like Charlie - at least not the sort of guy Charlie believes himself to be.
And yet certain things are written in the stars. And in the summer after high school, Wren and Charlie's souls will collide. But souls are complicated, as are the bodies that house them...
Sexy, romantic, and oh-so-true to life, this is an unforgettable look at first love from one of young adult fiction's greatest writers.
Chapter Two: When Wren Meets Charlie
Wren Gray was the most beautiful girl Charlie Parker had ever seen, and the most brilliant. She didn't seem to realize she was either, which was crazy. But Charlie had eyes. Charlie knew the truth.
When she smiled, Charlie wanted in on the joke. When she pushed her dark hair behind her ears, Charlie thought, Yes, that is how you do it. When she walked down the halls in her collared shirts and knee-length skirts, he saw with absolute clarity how much classier she was than the other girls in their tight jeans and peekaboo thongs. Charlie had had some experience with girls in tight jeans and peekaboo thongs, or with one particular girl in tight jeans and a thong. She hadn't left a great impression.
But Wren wasn't like that girl, or any girl, even though she was clearly and definitely a girl. Once, on the senior patio during lunch, she'd lifted her arm to call over her friend Tessa, and her blouse hugged her curves. He drank her...
This story sets a high standard and level of expectation as to how a first love and first sexual experience might go. Aside from considering moral or religious implications, for teens trying to gain a better understanding as to how it all works, this book sets a wonderful blueprint.
(Reviewed by Sarah Tomp).
Full Review (1045 words).
One of the early scenes in The Infinite Moment of Us, has Wren visiting a shooting range with her best friend Tessa, and P.G., Tessa's new boyfriend. Although Wren doesn't like guns; she "hated their ugliness, and she hated what they did," she has a good time and finds the experience surprisingly thrilling and exciting. This unexpected reaction is part of her developing independence and self-awareness. The understanding of guns and their potential adds to the intensity of the climactic action scene.
P.G. is experienced with firearms and takes care to ensure the girls' safety, but he doesn't insist they take a recommended basic safety class prior to shooting. Seeing the allure and intrigue wrapped up in this experiment, teens—or...
If you liked The Infinite Moment of Us, try these:
Told in alternating voices and filled with music, friendship, and romance, A Little Wanting Song is about the kind of longing that begins as a heavy ache but ultimately makes us feel hopeful and wonderfully alive.
In this truly original portrayal of a girl struggling to break free of society's definitions, Printz Honor author A.S. King asks readers to question everything - and offers hope to those who will never stop seeking real love.
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The ABC of the Arms Trade Treaty: Why it's important – How will it work?
The Arms Trade Treaty is a potential ground-breaking humanitarian treaty that would regulate the international trade in conventional weapons. The Treaty will be negotiated at a United Nations conference in New York between July 2 - 27.
There is currently no effective international legislation on the global arms trade. While there are treaties on nuclear, chemical and biological weapons there is nothing on the weapons that kill people every day. Patchy, diverse and often completely absent, national regulations are inadequate with the increasingly globalized nature of the arms trade. Arms companies, operating from an increasing number of locations, now source components from across the world. Their products are often assembled in countries with lax controls on where they end up, hence the need for truly global rules which reflect the nature of the trade.
Related links
Take action: Support a bullet-proof Arms Trade Treaty
Follow the negotiations: Arms Trade Treaty monitor
Tracking States' positions on key issues concerning the Arms Trade Treaty: armstreaty.org
Other Arms Trade Treaty reports
Armed Robbery: How the poorly regulated arms trade is paralyzing development
Stop a Bullet, Stop a War: Why ammunition must be included in the Arms Trade Treaty
The Devil is in the Detail: The importance of comprehensive and legally binding criteria for arms transfers


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Results 1 to 10 of 11
4-Way Electric 4x4 Selector has no indication and doesn't engage into other modes
Hello fellow Bowtie members!
I'm new to this forum and am seeking some insight about an issue i've just experienced on my 2006 Silverado 1500 EXT z71. I'll do my best to include as much detail about this issue and paint as best a visual picture to go along.
So, I recently had my truck lifted (not sure that it plays a factor) but I just noticed that on the 4-way 4x4 Electric Selector on the left side of the dash next to the Odometer/Speedo, that I have no indication as to which drive my truck is in (Auto 4x4, 2wd, 4HI, or 4LO). I have searched Hi and Low under over and in the engine bay for any possible disconnected wire/plug, cracked case or leaking seals/bolts (and yes i know bolts them selves don't leak!!!). I have found None. I have verified that all Fuses are in good condition incase that might have been the problem (no luck).
I've also tried testing numerous configurations of trying to see if its just the switch its self went bad but can't accurately tell. This test consisted of having the truck placed into Neutral gear while parked and pressing each drive selection button to hear/feel if it engages into another drive (auto, 2wd, 4hi, 4lo) and no luck.
So, I not only have ZERO indication of what drive i'm currently in, but also there is no communication or command and response from the selector to the (and forgive my lack of proper terminology, but i'm assuming its called the transfer case?) to actually engage in the 4 possible options of drive.
i hope someone here can provide some insight as to what might be the issue and hopefully it isn't an expensive fix as i know how touchy in price GM is and especially when it comes to 4x4 parts/repairs!
Thanks again and look forward to the replies!
check the fuses. on my 2000 the fuse is the ATC , auto transfer case . on some years this fuse is called something else. like TREC.
if these fuses continue to blow it is the wiring or the encoder motor with short circuit.
if the switch doesn't seem to light up or work at all I would start with the switch then go to the encoder motor.David
2004 Silverado 2500 Crew Cab 4x4, AMSOIL EA air filter, Granatelli MAF sensor, Throttle body spacer, Magnaflow exhaust (true dual to 2 in 1 out muffler), 6" ProComp lift (add a leaf and 5" superlift rear block), Bilstein shocks, 35's (Cooper Disoverer ST) and 4.10 gears, Rhino Liner, EGRUSA fender Flares and widow visors, extended stainless steel brake lines, firestone airbags w/onboard air compressor, Pioneer Avic X940BT navigation, Accel backup camera.
1960 Land Rover Series II 88
2001 Pontiac Sunfire
2013 Toyota Avalon Limited (Wife's Car)
NRA Life Member
i would check the plug at the encoder motor. They may have not reconnected it after installing the lift kit. I had the same issue with my 2003 and it turned out to be a loose connection.
1995 Silverado 4x4
6" BDS Suspension Lift-3" Body Lift-Add A Leaf in rear -Trailmaster SSV Shocks-Duel Steering Stabilizer Kit -AirAid Cold air intake-
4.56 Gears with Detroit Auburn Locker-Pro-Comp Traction Bars with duel shocks-Aluminum Skid Plate Kit-38.5" x 16.5" Mickey Thompson Baja Claws-Constant Dropping fuel gauge
2005 Yukon XL Jet Power Programmer, Bilstein Shocks, Bilstein rear springs, Helwig Anti-sway bars, EGR Window Visors, EGR Hood Shield, Denali Headlights, Headlight harness upgrade, GE NightHawk Bulbs, White Night Rear lighting system, Russell Braided SS brake lines, PowerStop Brake pads, PowerStop cross drilled and Slotted Rotors, http://www.gmtruckclub.com/forum/sho...5-GMC-Yukon-XL
2002 Silverado ext cab 2wd (Sold)
2003 Yukon XL (Totaled)
the 4wd switch light is not working [lighting up] this is supplied by the 4wd controller module which produces the 8 VOLT DC supply voltage . the fuses I mentioned apply power to this module as well as the encoder motor. the small gauge wires at the encoder carry this 8 volts. this is part of the feed back signal that tells the computer what position the encoder motor in the transfer case is in.
it is very possible that these very fragile wires were damaged when they worked your vehicle. these wires are like the diameter of a hair.
the control mode is behind the select switch . check for 12 volts and the 8 volts there , at switch see if you have the 8 volts.
Last edited by j cat; 07-13-2013 at 08:22 AM.
So, funny story... the day I ran into this issue naturally my 1st instinct was check the wires for loose and proper connection (check all secure), then follow up with making sure power is making its rounds via Fuses etc... (check didn't find any blown fuses)... well last night I got frustrated and pulled EVERY single fuses in both the Cab and Engine Bay, as luck would have it some how I managed to miss 2 fuses, I replaced those fuses and Voila all is well in the world of 4x4 indication and drive selection! Sorry for all the brain busting and inquiring.
Thank you also for those whom provided insight and feverishly advised checking fuses!
just so that others may gain from your confusion tell us what fuses were blown.
also fuses blow for a reason ................
In the Engine Bay Fuse box it was the 30A Fuse labeled TREC and the Fuse Box under the dash (not sure this was related to it) but labeled TRC2 i think! I'd have to go back out and verify!
the TREC is for sure related to the 4WD Actuator (some call it an encoder motor), but my assumption is that when my lift kit was being installed that the installers probably had unplugged the sensor from the actuator in order to gain access with out snagging or damaging the harness and replugged it back in without having taken power away via disconnecting the battery and might have gotten an over surge and popped the fuse.
The other possibility is that when i was having a new Head unit installed that the audio store also may have done the same thing (excluding messing with the harness) but somehow caused an over load of power and popped the fuse.
again this is all speculation, but things to look for if someone else runs into this dilemma.
that sounds reasonable to assume with what work was done ,that the fuse may have blown.
time will tell. good luck and thanks for the feedback with your issues and corrected fix.
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During the Labor Day weekend, the will increase traffic enforcement within Delaware County due to the increased traffic on the roadways.
The increased patrols will run from Friday, Aug. 31 through Monday, Sept. 3.
Police will seek out and cite careless and aggressive drivers and arrest any alcohol or drug-impaired motorists.
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation will also be involved with police on the Labor Day DUI enforcement campaign.
PennDOT, along with police, will participate in the national "Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over" campaign through Sept. 3. During the Labor Day holiday enforcement, Pennsylvania's effort will highlight the increasing issue of drug-impaired drivers and conduct roving patrols and DUI checkpoints, according to a PennDOT press release.
The Pennsylvania DUI Association's DUI Victims' Moving Memorial will also be on display to honor and remember those who lost their lives because of impaired drivers.
In 2011, there were 11,778 alcohol-related crashes in Pennsylvania with 425 fatalities in those crashes, and 3,073 drug-related crashes statewide resulting in 116 fatalities, according to a PennDOT press release.
Over the Labor Day weekend in 2011, there were 111 alcohol-related crashes with three fatalities and 22 drug-related crashes statewide, according to a PennDOT press release.
State Police remind everyone to wear a seat belt and drive safely and remind motorists that a vehicle's headlights must be on when the windshield wipers are on.
Motorists are also reminded that they are required to slow down and use caution when they see law enforcement or an emergency vehicle stopped alongside the road with its lights flashing. Drivers must move over to the other lane if possible and reduce their speed as they pass.


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MemoryMappedFile.Dispose Method (Boolean)
.NET Framework 4.5
Releases the unmanaged resources used by the MemoryMappedFile and optionally releases the managed resources.
Namespace: System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 7, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core Role not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core Role supported with SP1 or later; Itanium not supported)
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.


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Cabela's Incorporated has announced it will pledge $1 million toward the construction of a new kindergarten-through-fourth-grade elementary school in the City of Sidney, Nebraska.
In a special election Sept. 10, registered voters in Cheyenne County School District No. 1 will vote on the issuance of a $15.85 million bond to finance the project. Cabela's donation will be used to offset costs of the project if the bond passes.
Initial plans indicate the school would be located at Fort Sidney Road and Toledo Street as part of a major expansion of East Sidney. It would replace the current North, South and Central elementary locations, all of which are more than 50 years old.


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Overwork is not good for productivity. If you're doing physical labor, you get tired. If you're doing customer service, you get cranky. If you're sitting at a desk doing so-called knowledge work, you get stale and unimaginative. Moreover, these deficits are cumulative; the longer you work crazy hours, the more of a strain this puts on your productivity.
So why, over the past few decades, have knowledge workers come to work such long hours? A recent column by James Surowiecki explores the issue, and he hits a lot of good points. But I want to highlight one possibility that he doesn't mention: As work has gotten more specialized, the penalty for handing off work to multiple people has risen.
When people complain about work-family balance, they frequently complain that two people who each work 30 hours a week are paid much less than half as much as one person working 60 hours a week. Surowiecki notes that it's more expensive to hire two people (benefits, desks, etc.). But that's not the only cost. In specialized jobs, two people who are each working 30 hours a week may actually be much less productive than one working 60 — even if working 60 hours makes each of those hours much less productive than they could be.
The problem is that when work is specialized, each worker has individual knowledge about the job that has to be passed off to anyone else working on that job. If you split the job, you increase the amount of time that is spent telling the other person what you know . . . and increase the risk that something will be missed because one person knew one thing and the other knew something else, and those two pieces of information never met in the same head.
More workers also means more time managing those workers. Ever been at a firm or department that went from five people to 35? How much more of your time got sucked up in meetings? As work teams grow, you start to need elaborate hierarchies of communication and control that absorb lots of time and require extra people whose jobs are just managing all the others.
And as the pace of communications has accelerated, it has paradoxically gotten more difficult to do without people. If you're an American working with folks in Europe, you quickly learn to write off the summer, because it's impossible to get anything done when everyone takes multiweek vacations. By the time one person gets back, the other person is off. This is maddening if you're working on anything time-sensitive.
This is not to say that the overcrowding of the American schedule is the right approach. I have the American tendency to fill every waking hour with work, as much as someone is willing to give me. After seven years of blogging professionally, I've come to realize that I have to force myself to take vacations — real ones, where the phone is off and I don't promise to work on just a couple of little tidbits, such as maybe a reported feature. Every time I come back from vacation, I dive back into work with new ideas and a lot more energy, and I think, "Why don't I do this more often?" And still, every year, I lose most of my vacation days.
Maybe U.S. employers should be more like the Economist, which, when I worked there, required you to take all your vacation — not "use it or lose it," just "use it." But you can see why they aren't, when most of the economic and cultural pressures run the other way.
Community News Network
Why 'live to work' mindset wins out in US
Overwork is not good for productivity. If you're doing physical labor, you get tired. If you're doing customer service, you get cranky. If you're sitting at a desk doing so-called knowledge work, you get stale and unimaginative. Moreover, these deficits are cumulative; the longer you work crazy hours, the more of a strain this puts on your productivity.
- Community News Network
How spy agencies keep their 'toys' from law enforcement
A little over a decade ago, federal prosecutors used keystroke logging software to steal the encryption password of an alleged New Jersey mobster, Nicodemo Scarfo Jr., so they could get evidence from his computer to be used at his trial.
Russia's war on McDonald's takes aim at the Filet-o-Fish
Russia said earlier this week that it had no intention of answering Western sanctions by making it harder for Western companies to conduct business in Russia.
But all bets are off, apparently, when you threaten the Russian waistline.
Don't judge mothers with messy homes
I was building shelves in my garage when a neighbor girl, one of my 4-year-old daughter's friends, approached me and said, "I just saw in your house. It's pretty dirty. Norah's mommy needs to clean more."
Arizona's prolonged lethal injection is fourth in U.S. this year
Arizona's execution of double-murderer Joseph Wood marked the fourth time this year that a state failed to dispatch a convict efficiently, according to the Constitution Project, a bipartisan legal group.3
Technology plays key part in battling police brutality (VIDEO)
Allegations of police brutality are nothing new -- as long as there has been law enforcement, citizens have registered claims that some officers cross the line. But in the last few years, the claims of excessive force are being corroborated with new technology from cell phone cameras, police dash-cams and surveillance videos.
Facebook continues moneymaking trend
Facebook seems to have figured out - for now at least - the holy grail for all media right now: how to make money selling mobile ads.
- Has the ipad lost its swag?
Almost half of America's obese youth don't know they're obese
The good news is that after decades of furious growth, obesity rates finally seem to be leveling off in the U.S.. The bad news is that America's youth still appear to be dangerously unaware of the problem.
Darth Vader is polling higher than all potential 2016 presidential candidates
On the other hand, with a net favorability of -8, Jar Jar is considerably more popular than the U.S. Congress, which currently enjoys a net favorability rating of -65.
Llama on the loose corralled in Missouri town
A llama on the lam cruised Main Street Tuesday before it mistook a resident's fenced backyard for a place to grab a meal and freshen up.
- More Community News Network Headlines
- How spy agencies keep their 'toys' from law enforcement


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Arash Salemi, M.D.
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Gulkarov I, Bustillos L, Wong SC, Salemi A. A Hybrid Approach in the Treatment of Post-myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect. Cardiology (in press).
Salemi A, Lee B, Ivascu N, Webber G, Paul S. An Unusual Case of Cardiac Tamponade: Ruptured Subaortic Diverticulum. J Card Surg 2010;25:349-350.
Worley MJ, Aelion A, Caputo TA, Kent KC, Salemi A, Krieger KH, Goldstein MJ, Kuo DY, Slomowitz BM. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension : a single-institution experience. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2009; 201: 574.e1-5.
Salemi A, Shirazi A. Specific Gastrointestinal Complications after Mitral Valve Surgery and Prognosis. Iranian American Medical Association 4th Mtg. Los Angeles, CA. January 17, 2010.
Ugras SK, Finley DJ, Salemi A. Ascaris Lumbricoides Infection Causing Respiratory Distress After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Surgical Infections; 10 (4) October, 2009.
Trocciola S, Girardi LN, Krieger KH, Isom OW, Salemi A. Gender Differences in the Management of Isolated Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease. Society for Heart Valve Disease. Berlin, Germany. June 29, 2009.
Bacchetta, MD, Salemi A, Milla F. et al. Low-Dose Spironolactone: Effects on Artery-to-Artery Vein Grafts and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Sites American Journal of Therapeutics; 16(3):204-214, May/June 2009.
Catanzaro D, Borer JS, Yu F, Ene, Hochreiter CA, Herrold E, Supino PG, Carter JN, Salemi A, Girardi LN, Isom OW. Disease-Specific and Sex-inependent Clustering of Myocardial Gene Expression Patterns in Human Aortic Valvular Disease. American College of Cardiology. March 10, 2009.
Gillinov, Blackstone, Alaulaqi, Sabik, Mihaljevic, Svensson, Houghtaling, Salemi, Johnston, Lytle. Outcomes After Repair of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet for Degenerative Disease. Ann Thor Surg 2008; 86: 708-17.
Trocciola SM, Girardi LN, Shirazi A, Rossettie J, Krieger KH, Isom OW, Salemi A. Predictors of Tracheostomy after Mitral Valve Surgery. American College of Chest Physicians. Philadelphia, PA. October, 2008.
S Trocciola, C Yokoyama, L Bedrosian, L Girardi, K Krieger, OW Isom, A Salemi. Analysis of risk factors associated with gastrointestinal complications after mitral valve surgery. American College of Surgeons. San Francisco, CA, October, 2008.


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The Associated Press
MONTGOMERY, Ala. —
Animal welfare officials say they have rescued an additional 16 pit bulls that were surrendered during an investigation into a dogfighting ring that spanned several Southeastern states.
Authorities said Wednesday that Demontt Allen of Houston and Sandy Brown of Brownsville surrendered the dogs, who have been taken to a temporary shelter in an undisclosed location.
Investigators seized more than 370 pit bulls and pit bull mixes in late August as part of an investigation into a dogfighting ring which includes defendants from Texas, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia.
Officials say 13 people have been charged for their involvement in the ring.
For more on this story and other local news, subscribe to The Valdosta Daily Times e-Edition, or our print edition.


text:
From Staff Reports
Corsicana Daily Sun
Corsicana — A listing of meetings and events of interest from throughout Navarro County.
Sept. 21
Corsicana Vendor's Day will have a Corsicana-Navarro County Chamber of Commerce ribbon cutting/grand opening at its inaugural show from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. at 801 N. 13th Street (original KMart building) Pegasus Ballroom.
Mustang and Mildred VFDs will hold a fundrasier at Lake Halbert from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. There will be a car/bike show sponsored by Cars of Navarro County, a Ranch 106.9 Ice Cream "cookoff," food, bands, water slides and other kid's activities, as well as an auction with guns, deer stands, deer feeders and more.
Immaculate Conception Catholic Church is holding a Chili Pepper Festival Sept. 21 and 22 at the church at 3000 West State Highway 22. The family friendly event will feature two days of activities, including a chili pepper expo and salsa making contest. Activities for adults and children are planned. For more information, call the church at (903) 874-4473.
When Are We Going Home Ministry will hold its first Fall Riding High Horsemanship program at the Break N Free Camp from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. The events are free to all medically challenged, special needs, disabled children and their immediate siblings up to the age 21. A handicapped ramp is available, as well as side/front walkers. Lunch will be provided. The Break N Free Camp is located in Rice at 4719 NE CR 1040. Please call for directions and to RSVP at (903) 422-6120.
The Corsicana High School Cheerleaders will hold a Cheer Clinic at the Corsicana High School gym from 1 to 3 p.m. Cost is $25 per girl, includes a free T-shirt and pass to the Friday night Pink Out game. For more information contact Brandi Mrazek at (903) 641-5585.
Martin Luther king Community Center Board members will sponsor its annual Fundraiser Breakfast and Membership drive from 8 to 11 a.m. at 1114 E. Sixth Ave. The cost of breakfast is $5 per plate. Please come out and help support the Martin Luther King Center. The Center has been in the community for 77 years. If you have questions or need tickets, call Darlene Jackson at (903) 872-3585 or (903) 654-1331.
Sept. 22
The Warehouse Living Arts Center will hold auditions for "Annie Get Your Gun," by Irving Berlin, Herbert & Dorothy Fields as revised by Peter Stone. The auditions will be held in the WLAC Theatre at 2:30 p.m. Callbacks will be on Monday, Sept. 23 at 6:30 p.m. Known as one of America's best loved musicals, "Annie Get Your Gun" has principal and featured roles for seven adult men (18 & up), three adult women (ages 18 and up), two girls and one boy (ages 12 & up), several smaller speaking parts plus a large chorus of all ages. Production dates for the show are Nov. 21-22-23 and 24, 2013 and will be presented at the Palace Theatre. For more information, please call Sandra Mahood at (903) 872-5421.
Sept. 23
Emhouse Community Center will hold a meeting at 7 p.m. Please attend this first meeting after the summer break.
Sept. 24
The Navarro County Republican Women will meet at the Republican Headquarters, 111-B West Third Avenue. Social time and lunch begin at 11:30 a.m. The meeting and program will begin promptly at noon. Mel Birdwell, wife of Senator Brian Birdwell, will share her perspective on the accomplishments and frustrations of the most recent legislative session. Make your lunch reservations by Saturday, Sept. 21, with Margarita Patterson, email@example.com or (903) 874-8785. Lunch is $7 at the door. Everyone who is interested is invited to attend and learn more about the Republican women's organization.
Sept. 26
The Corsicana Newcomers' Club will meet at the Kinsloe House at 11 a.m. Come listen to the beautiful sounds of the Bella Voce`Trio while feasting on a great lunch with all your new best friends. If you are new in town or ready to find some new friends call Marge Oslick at 903-872-3508 for more information or confirmed reservations.
Sept. 28
Brinson Ford will sponsor DRIVE 4UR SCHOOL at Mildred Baseball Complex from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Brinson Ford will donate to our Mildred ISD $20 for each test drive and no sales people. PLUS there will be a fun-filled day of activities such as bounce houses, food, crafts and more. Individual vendors may also set up. Vendors please contact Julie Waller at email@example.com for details. Have some fun, test drive the new models and all of Mildred ISD benefits.
Oct. 1
Oak Valley Crime Watch invites all Oak Valley neighbors and friends to attend Oak Valley Crime Watch held at the Oak Valley Community Center at 6:30 p.m. Everyone is welcome. We encourage you to bring your favorite dish. Come see what's happening in your neighborhood and meet new neighbors and make new friends. We hope to see you there.
The Sunbeam Club will meet at 11:30 a.m. at the Ennis IHOP. It will be a time of welcoming in fall and sharing a meal and fellowship together. Mark your calendar and plan to be a part of this great time of railroad fellowship.
Oct. 3
The American Legion Auxiliary, Unit 22, 632 N. Beaton St., will hold its monthly meeting at 7 p.m. at the post. All members and prospective members are invited to attend. For further information call (903) 874-39368 after 2 p.m. or Like us on Facebook (American Legion Post 22 Johnson-Wiggins). And Check out our Web Site at www.americanlegionpost22johnson-wiggins.com.
The Blooming Grove Crime Watch will meet at 7 p.m. at the Blooming Grove Historical Society Building, across from city hall. County Commissioner James Olsen will be the guest speaker. Everyone is welcome.
Oct. 3-5
Smith with Brackens Youth Foundation invites PRCA Rodeo back to Fairfield at the Moody Fairgrounds Arena. For sponsorship/vendor opportunities contact firstname.lastname@example.com or (254) 485-1821.
Oct. 4-5
Third Annual Habitat for Humanity Eat & Skeet will be held at Upland Bird Country. Friday night steak dinner with beer, wine and live music at 6:30 p.m., tickets $40/person. Saturday shooting, registration at 7 a.m., breakfast and lunch served. $200/two man team with great prizes for winners. If you are not a shooter, please help by sponsoring a peace officer team for $200. Information at Habitat office (903) 872-6690 or Liz Kingman (903) 874-5136.
Oct. 5
The American Legion, Post 22, 632 N. Beaton St., will hold its monthly meeting at 1:30 p.m. at the post. All members and prospective members are invited to attend. For further information call (903) 874-39368 after 2 p.m. or Like us on Facebook (American Legion Post 22 Johnson-Wiggins). And Check out our Web Site at www.americanlegionpost22johnson-wiggins.com.
Oct. 9
The Corsicana Emergency Corps., located at 416 South 12th Street in Corsicana, will hold its regularly scheduled monthly meeting at 7 p.m. The general public is invited to attend. Monthly meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month at 7 p.m. For further information, please call (903) 872-5072.
Oct. 10
The Republican Party of Navarro County announces their Republican "Keep Navarro Red" dinner to be held at I.O.O.F. Event Center at 6 p.m. George P. Bush, candidate for Texas Land Commissioner, will be the special guest speaker. Nick Adams, author of the book 'America: The Greatest Good.' will provide the introduction. Special music will be sung by Bella Voce. Live and Silent Auctions will be held, featuring items such as spa gift certificates, stadium tours, helicopter hunt, and dinners with our local elected officials. Advanced reservations are required at $50 each, and checks should be made payable to Republican Party Of Navarro County. All proceeds will go toward supporting the local Republican Party candidates and will stay in Navarro County. For reservations, please contact Burt Ferguson at (903) 641-0357 or email at firstname.lastname@example.com. For more information, reference the website www.navgop.com.
Oct. 11
Senior Olympics will be held at the IOOF park in Corsicana from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Events include fishing tournament, dominoes, horseshoes, live band and picnic. Facilities participating are Twilight Home, Sterling House, Heritage Oaks West and Retirement Village, Country Meadows and Trisun. Sponsors for the event include many local organizations and businesses.
Oct. 12
The Third Annual Richland Craft and Vendor Fair will be held from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the Civic Center at 103 West Main in Richland. All interested vendors should contact Leigh Tidwell at 972-979-9731, or by email at email@example.com
When Are We Going Home Ministry will hold its 10th Annual Cheryl Dunn Concert, an award ceremony and trail ride fundraiser from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The trail ride will include short trails, a scavenger hunt, flag course and lunch for a donation to help build the Break N Free Camp. The events are free to all medically challenged, special needs, disabled children and their immediate siblings up to age 21. A handicapped ramp is available, as well as side/front walkers. A RSVP is required to reserve a trophy for each child with special needs and for a lunch pass. The event will be held at the Break N Free Camp at 4719 NE CR 1040, Rice. Please call for directions and to RSVP to (903) 422-6120.
Oct. 19
Cotton Row Run will take place in conjunction with the Kerens Cotton Harvest Festival beginning with registration at 7 a.m., and shotgun start at 8 a.m. The race will begin and end near the rear entrance of the Kerens Alumni Center. Proceeds from this 5K Fun Run/Walk will go to the Kerens Ex-Students Association. Participants and sponsors are needed. There are several levels of sponsorship. This race is open to all ages, both genders. Awards will be given at 9:15 a.m. on Main Street near the Alumni Center. For more information or to register, call (903) 654-8138, visit them on Facebook at Kerens Cotton Row Run, or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Blooming Grove Ex-Students Association will hold a visitation at 9:30 a.m. Oct. 19 in the Doc Garrison City Park in conjuction with homecoming festivities. Catch up with old friends and reminisce about the old days. The City Council will provide coffee and cookies at The Lions Den (downtown Blooming Grove). The Blooming Grove Historical Society will be open that day from 9:30 to 11:30 a.m. There will be a barbeque sandwich lunch at the Blooming Grove High School cafeteria at 11:30 a.m. Registration will begin at 11:30 a.m. in the high school auditorium. The program for the Blooming Grove Ex-Student Association will begin at 1:30 p.m. in the high school auditorium. Classes honored in the program will be 1953, 1963, 1973 and 1988. For more information contact Jane Armstrong at (903) 695-2226.
Oct. 26
The American Legion Post 22, 632 N. Beaton St., will host Karaoke Night with Country Sue from 8 p.m. to midnight. Come on out, sing and have a wonderful time with your friends and family. For further information call (903) 874-3936 after 2 p.m. or Like us on Facebook (American Legion Post 22 Johnson-Wiggins). And Check out our Web Site at www.americanlegionpost22johnson-wiggins.com.


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Do you know an extraordinary neighbor or civic activist who has crusaded to make Montgomery County a better, more just community? Is there a civil servant or elected official who has fought the good fight?
If so, nominate him or her for the Montgomery County Human Rights Hall of Fame, a who's-who of civic trailblazers that includes dozens of the county's most influential elected officials, civil servants and community activists.
Here are the selection criteria, according to the Montgomery County Office of Human Rights website: "Exemplary leadership, lifetime or current high impact achievements and lasting impact on Montgomery County's human rights movement."
Nominations are due Sept. 10. To nominate, write a 250- to 300-word narrative describing how the person has been a champion for human and civil rights. Applications must be postmarked by Sept. 10 and sent to:
The Montgomery County Office of Human Rights
21 Maryland Avenue, Suite 330
Rockville, MD 20850
OHR has received a handful of nominations so far. Once approved by a panel of judges, this year's class will be the seventh inducted to the Hall of Fame. The ceremony is set for Oct. 28 in the lobby of the County Executive Building in Rockville.
The Hall of Fame started in 2001 with a class of 20 honorees that included Roscoe Nix, Charles Gilchrist and Isiah Leggett. The most recent class of inductees, in 2010, added six names to the Hall of Fame:
Esther Ridpath Delaplaine
- helped lead the fight against Glen Echo Amusement Park's white-only admission policy and was a driving force behind the county's 1962 Public Accommodations Law that ended segregation at places that serve the public.
Warren Fleming
- formed the Damascus Connection Committee, which helps the disenfranchised, elderly, disabled and home-bound.
Dr. Suresh K. Gupta
- Has served patients with or without insurance for more than 25 years, oftentimes at homeless shelters, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities.
Henry Hailstock
- is a former head of the Montgomery County branch of the NAACP and an advocate for minority business and employment, workplace diversity, health care and housing.
Monsignor Ralph Kuehner
- helped established the Fair Housing Council of Greater Washington, which battles housing discrimination. He also helped develop Victory Housing Inc., which provides affordable assisted-living for senior citizens, as well as the "Metro Pointe" housing project at the Wheaton metro station for young people with paralytic spinal injuries.
Betty Valdes
- Has pushed to help underserved ethnic groups, the homebound, elderly and the incarcerated. She is producer and host of Que Pasa, a bilingual radio and cable TV show that has aired for two decades. She has twice been named among Maryland's Top 100 Women.


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The best value of social media is that it is truly social. Social media allows you the opportunity to engage and interact with potential customers and new customers by adding a sense of comfort and familiarity to your grand image.
When engaging in social media, personally welcome and acknowledge your new connections. Few people do this and just click "add" and it only takes a few seconds to personally welcome your new friends. This will help develop relationships and make you stand apart from others who are just collecting connections.
See the Top 20 Most Engaging Facebook Pages posted on February 6, 2012 according to Facebook and under the Business Category see below for the Top 8 Business Pages. Here are just two of the eight listed below and we could all learn from reviewing their pages and seeing how they engage their followers.
You, too, can build a popular Facebook or other social media channel page by building relationships so that when you have some content to promote, you will have an audience of readers who will be ready to listen.
Now that you are truly engaged with your audience of followers, how do you monitor your existing content assets and examine your referring traffic?
I personally use an excel spreadsheet for every blog I have written and every article publishing site the blogs have been posted over the past several years. This is a quick way to keep up with all your blog writing and published articled.
What about using Google Analytics to measure how much traffic is being referred to your website through your various social channels? Google Analytics gives you great cross channels of information. Under the traffic sources tab, you can click on Referring Sites and type in your social network of choice and see how much traffic is being referred to you. Set up goals based on the actions you want your visitors to complete. It also has a built in Twitter link shortener.
For every piece of content you create, monitor unique page views, total pages viewed and the time on page for each visitor. If you see your unique page views go up, this is an indication that your reach is growing. Increased time on a page shows that your content is interesting to the visitor and increased total page views means your visitors want to learn more by clicking on other pages around your site.
You can easily track those three mentions with Google Analytics by clicking on the Content tab and choosing Overview. This gives you a snapshot of your popular pieces of content along with detailed metrics. This will determine if your content is resonating with your target audience.
To determine your total number of conversations, you can use this free tool Social Mention for calculating your share of Voice = Your Mentions / Total Mentions for Competitive Companies/Brands.
Sprout Social is a great social CRM tool to aggregate your activity into one easy-to-view dashboard to quickly see whether your content strategy is moving in the right direction. This tool offers a good view of your basic metrics, including engagement and total size and goes a step further with recommendations for influencers to focus on.
Measuring your sentiment analysis should be done manually. Go through your mentions and tag them as positive, neutral or negative and add up the totals and measure them over time. Are the good mentions growing and the negative mentions decreasing?
Then build a simple dashboard manually or use one of the social CRM tools that make it easy to track and update your metrics on a weekly or monthly basis. You can monitor trends and set your goals for growth based on what is working and what is not.
If your metrics are not moving in the right directions or seem to be stalled, try mixing up your content and messages and experiment with different posting times and frequency.
According to Facebook today, Airborne has 127,000 followers 90 of whom are talking about it. Innumerable sites have 5-8% of their followers talking about them. How could Airborne possibly be one of the most engaging sites?
BTW, your link doesn't go to the list of business pages on Facebook.
Also I was interested in your recommendation of SPROUT Social. I thought SCORE did not endorse specific businesses.
Right now it has changed to the Olympics. When you have a Business to Consumer Facebook page, it is much easier to engage users and things change by the day and by the week. This was the information written in June for July blogs. Airborne had been running a campaign to get users involved and like their page. Now they have moved down past 100 top pages.


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Underdog Pet Rescue is an all-breed companion animal rescue based out of Dane County, Wisconsin.
Our mission is to find permanent homes for animals in need, and to enrich lives by strengthening the connection between animals and people through community outreach. We are a 501c3 nonprofit organization.
Please contact us if you are interested in being a foster home or event volunteer! The more foster homes we have, the more pets we can rescue.
Additionally, you can make a tax deductible donation of any dollar amount via the Paypal button below.
Thanks for your support!
|Tweets by @UnderdogPets


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Geeky Valentine's Day Roundup
ROSE Blog: Rikki's Open Source Exchange
I have nothing against Valentine's Day, but I also don't go crazy for the holiday, either. Tonight, my husband and I will go bowling, just like we do every Monday night. I even splurged and sent him a gift as unique and fun as our relationship (I'm sure he'll love his new Madagascar hissing cockroach at the Bronx Zoo, named "Jud"). So, in honor of Valentine's Day, I give you a geeky romantic roundup:
- Open Source is for Lovers
- Map Your Valentine
- Geekiest Marriage Proposals of All Time
- How do we love Linux? Counting the many ways
- US Patent Illustration Cards for your geek sweet on Valentine's Day
- 10 Valentine's Day Gifts for the Special Geek in Your Life
- Geeky ways to celebrate Valentine's Day
- 10 Last Minute Valentine Gift Ideas For The Geek You Love
- Darwinian Valentine's
- Declare Your Love for Free Software!
Issue 166/2014
Tag Cloud
Heartbleed Bleeds On
According to a report, many potential victims of the Heartbleed attack have patched their systems, but few have cleaned up the crime scene to protect themselves from the effects of a previous intrusion.
Drone Brain Goes Open Source
DARPA and NICTA release the code for the ultra-secure microkernel system used in aerial drones.
Password Management Services Vulnerable to Attack
Should you trust an online service to store your online passwords?
New Raspberry Pi Adds Two USB Ports
New B+ board lets you build cool things without the complication of a powered USB hub.
Microsoft Grabs No-IP.com Domains
Redmond rushes in to root out alleged malware haven.
Firefox Steps into 3D
New initiative will bring futuristic virtual reality effects to the web surfing experience.
New Trojan Targets Online Banking
Dyreza malware launches a man-in-the-middle attack that compromises SSL.
HP Rolls Out Massive Cloud Network
New cloud combines worldwide access with local attention to data security.
New Attack Targets Wireless Logins
A first cousin of the recent Heartbleed attack affects EAP-based wireless and peer-to-peer authentication.
Geeks Petition for Free Lenovo BIOS
FOSS community acts to protect freedom of choice for laptop devices.


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Cellar/Tasting Notes "A distinctive rosé Champagne that smells like potpourri or Christmas punch with its cinnamon and clove accents. There's depth and intensity to the berry and whole-grain bread notes, matched to a raw silk texture and vibrant structure. Excellent length."
Cellar/Tasting Notes ""Rich and toasty, with a hint of berry and cherry flavors, this superb rose is silky in texture and bursting with energy. Harmonious, offering some depth and maturity in the blend, all the while in a fairly dry style, with excellent length."
Cellar/Tasting Notes "Billecart-Salmon is one of my favorite Champagne houses, and their non-vintage Rose is a consistent winner. A delicate pink color is accompanied by gorgeous sweet cherry, strawberry, and mineral-like scents, assertive medium-bodied flavors, a delicate, crisp personality, and surprising depth as..
Cellar/Tasting Notes "Still very young, with the crispest of red currant fruits. There are almond and quince flavors to go with the raspberry juice acidity. At this stage, the dosage is not full integrated, showing an awkward final sweetness"


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Richard Gustav Forsberg, the Rancho Santa Margarita man who bludgeoned his wife as she lay in bed with her back turned to him, then dismembered and burned her body, was sentenced Friday to 15 years to life in prison.
It may be as good as a death sentence for Forsberg, 64, who covered up the killing of 60-year-old Marcia Ann Forsberg by telling friends and family that his wife of 39 years was with an out-of-state friend during the couple's dissolving marriage.
Marcia Ann Forsberg was killed, Feb. 9, 2010, in the bedroom of their Cascada Drive townhome. "Rick" Forsberg , of second-degree murder. The jury was hung on whether it was first degree murder, which the state was going for, but needed less than a half hour to convict after the more serious charge was taken off the table by the Orange County district attorney.
Forsberg's attorney, Calviin Schneider, had been arguing for manslaughter. A first-degree murder conviction would have carried a 25 years-to-life sentence.
The prosecutor in the case, senior deputy district attorney Ebrahim Baytieh, called Forsberg a coward and read a statement from Marcia's brother, Tony Litoff.
"Your actions to deceive us and eliminate all traces of your wife of 40 years are truly unforgivable in any society," Baytieh read. "You now have every minute for the rest of your life to realize the pain you inflicted on Marcia is equal to the pain her mother, her brother, and her friends will feel every day of their lives as well."
The Forsbergs were married 39 years, but had a troubled marriage. Marcia was in ill health, having battled breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Testimony, much of it in the form of Forsberg's oral and video confessions, as well as an interview with investigators who were still trying to determine what happened to his wife, uncovered that the couple had not had sexual relations for about 10 years, and that Forsberg had spent the previous three years in the company of massage parlor prostitutes.
Although Forsberg said he could never remember what the argument was about after he returned from an HOA meeting on Feb. 8, 2010, that preceded the killing, Baytieh revealed during his closing argument a business card from one of those massage parlor women indicating Forsberg had been with her earlier that day.
The following day, Feb. 9, was to have been the 42nd anniversary of the couple's first date which they annually celebrated. Yet between 12 a.m. and 1 a.m. on that anniversary, Marcia Ann Forsberg lay dead in her bed.
Her husband said Marcia had said something dismissive to him at the end of a lengthy argument, which triggered a rage; he grabbed a small statue from the nightstand weighing no more than 24 ounces and, in a darkened room, proceeded to hit her with it up to five times. When the lights came on, he discovered what he had done.
What transpired after that was gruesome, but Forsberg said: "Everything else was incidental."
A former Coast Community College District administrator, Forsberg then set about destroying all the evidence. He dismembered Marcia's body and stored it in a freezer in the garage; the following weekend, he rented an RV and took it to Lake Piru in Ventura County and burned much of the body.
He returned home, cut the torso in quarters and went back to Lake Piru the next weekend to finish what he called a cremation.
The only traces of Marcia that investigators could find fit on a cotton swab that was run between the seams of the freezer in which she was stored.
"My mother held in her heart the never-ending hope that the relationship with her daughter would strengthen and improve with the passing of time—as only time itself could allow for," Baytieh read in Superior Court Judge William Froeberg's courtroom on behalf of Litoff. "Instead, those daily dreams and hopes are replaced with sleeplessness and nightmares of images that her only daughter will never rest in peace. Because of your callousness, her thoughts are filled with the constant reminder that Marcia will never receive a decent and proper burial.
"I speak on behalf of my 86-year-old grieving and emotionally sheltered mother, I speak for my bewildered distant family members, and also on behalf of my sister's wonderful and loyal lifelong friends, all of whom struggle to make sense of your senseless act of murder. You have stolen something very precious from each and every one of us."
It was Marcia's friends who triggered the dominoes that brought Forsberg to justice. She was active in a book club at the Rancho Santa Margarita Library and was active socially—at least online. But when the birthday cards from her stopped arriving and emails weren't responded to, friends knew something was wrong despite Forsberg's message that his wife had "gone ostrich" by burying her head in the sand to figure things out.
They filed a missing persons report, and when investigators interviewed Forsberg in August, 2010, his ruse became unraveled. Seeing the writing on the wall, and overcome that the jig was up, he set out for Palm Springs where he attempted to kill himself with an overdose of various pills.
Having failed in that endeavor, he reached out to investigators to confess while in the hospital.
Five of Marcia's friends also made statements to the court.
"Although a monstrously cruel and calculated effort was made to eradicate Marcia's entire existence, there is one thing that could not be obliterated—our memory of her," said Nancy Eckert, who was part of their "Bard Buddies" Shakespeare club at the library.
They were reading the entire works of Shakespeare in order.
The judge also referred to the victim's love of reading before handing down the defendant's punishment.
"The longer I am in this business, the less I understand," Froeberg said. "The facts of this case are just beyond comprehension ... It almost sounds like an Edgar Allan Poe story."
Although Forsberg did not speak, his attorney did. Schneider said his client has tried to help follow inmates while in custody.
"It's hard to imagine," Schneider said, "how a man like Mr. Forsberg got to this position in life."
—City News Service contributed to this story


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These videos of Montgomery County homes for sale were recently uploaded to YouTube.
Each listing links to the YouTube video (also attached to this article). Each home is also shown on the map attached to this article:
Homes for sale this week:
15105 Joshua Tree Rd North Potomac
21500 Goshen Hunt Ln Gaithersburg
5511 Whitley Park Ter, Bethesda
Check back next week for more virtual tours.


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To see the invitation, please click here.
For more information, please click here.
Click here to view.
DPADM is seeking two Consultants who will be responsible for the Best Practices Sessions of the 9th Annual Meeting of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to be held on 2-5 September 2014, Instanbul, Turkey.
For more information, please click here.
To see the Terms of Reference, please click here.
To download P11 form, please click here


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Being healthy and staying fit is not easy during the busy holiday season, with the darker mornings and especially if people around you are doing the exact opposite. You and your family need to work as a team. Be aware of each other's strengths and weaknesses and encourage each other toward a healthier lifestyle!
Hi, I'm Angela Salveo and I'm excited to start writing this new "FIT Patch" blog twice a month for Patch.com. I'm originally from Iowa and lived 8 years in California, but have called New Jersey my home for the past couple years with my husband, Gino and family. You can see below that health and fitness is my passion…and has been since I was very young. My ultimate goal is to share my love for fitness and wellness with the Middletown community, motivate you to lead a healthier lifestyle and show you how to have fun doing it.
As a mother of 2-year old twins, I know exactly how challenging it is to stick to your guns and lead a healthy lifestyle…ahh, here comes the temptation of convenience. Thankfully, my husband is on the same page regarding our mission to lead a healthy lifestyle with the kids. Unfortunately, not everyone has that same support team available. So, to be successful in YOUR mission try these tips to start achieving your healthy holiday goals today.
Promote healthy habits for you and your family by limiting the amount of packaged food you buy at the grocery store. By choosing unprocessed foods (don't think of this as a diet, rather, a lifestyle change), you begin to emphasize whole, natural foods that are close to their original state. "Eating clean" can help to increase your energy levels, support restful sleep and of course, encourage weight loss!
Give it a try… challenge yourself for three days to omit anything that comes in a box, carton or wrapped in plastic. The American Heart Association reported in the Journal "Circulation" in August 2009 that Americans eat 22.2 teaspoons of added sugar daily; amounting to a non-nutritious 355 extra calories (this number has only grown). Eating unprocessed foods helps you trim some of these calories, leading to a healthier, happier YOU.
Motivate each other by inviting the family to be active together. Limit TV and computer time (I think we're all a little guilty of spending too much time in front of a screen, aren't we?). Bundle up and go for a family walk...when was the last time you skipped? On the next snowfall, get outside and shovel together, build a fort… and, why not have a snowball fight! One of my favorite sneaky ways to fit exercise in with the kids is to crank up the music and dance.
Remember, even if you just make one small change in the way you eat or choose to dance one more song with your kids, you'll start to reconnect to yourself (your body, your mind, your spirit) which only makes you a better you.


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Daily Star
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The Mohawk Valley Regional Economic Development Council will meet and have a workshop in Oneonta next week.
The council will meet in Hunt Union at the State University College at Oneonta from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. June 14, and a workshop on the state's Consolidated Funding Applications, referred to as CFAs, will be held from 3 to 5:30 p.m.
The Mohawk Valley region, which includes Otsego and Schoharie counties, last year was awarded $60.2 million for 59 projects.
The Mohawk Valley council is accepting CFAs for the next round of funding. Applications will be accepted until 4 p.m. July 16 and may be submitted at http://nyworks.ny.gov, the council website said.
For more information, contact Carolyn Lewis, Otsego County economic developer, at 432-8871 or email@example.com or Sarah Blood in Schoharie County at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Area campground completes improvements
Meadow-Vale Campsites in Mount Vision has completed a project to upgrade electrical service, among other improvements, the owners announced in a recent media release.
Wayne and Cecelia Schleder, owners of the 110-site campground and recreational-vehicle park, said electric service for 36 sites has been upgraded to 30/50-amp service, for a total of 53 sites. There are also 24 sites with 30-amp service.
Cecelia Schleder said improvements were made possible by working with local partners, including Community Bank of Oneonta, which provided financing, Otsego Electric Cooperative Inc., which provided implementation assistance, and Rozella and Son Electrical Contractors, which installed the electric service.
Other improvements, which were completed by Memorial Day weekend, included the addition of 400 feet of drainage pipe, removal of trees and repositioning of the electric service on the site, the release said.
Meadow-Vale Campsites is open daily through Columbus Day. For more information, or to make reservations, visit www.meadow-vale.com or call 293-8802.
Group offers program on energy options
A program for businesses interested in using solar and geothermal energy is planned for this month.
"Powering your Business Naturally -- Using Sun and Geothermal Energy" will be presented by Hometown Energy Group at the Oneonta Country Club from 8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. June 19.
The session will present an overview of solar energy, federal programs, state programs and financing options for investing in renewable energy options, organizers said, and will help business owners determine costs and if solar energy delivers the greatest return on investment.
"Attendees will learn exactly what the upfront costs are, the payback period that allows businesses to make smart decisions and also the financing and leasing options available to fund your investment," Anna Marie Lusins-McLachlan of Hometown Energy Group said.
Representatives from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and private industry will be among presenters, organizers said.
The program is the second on renewable energy presented by Hometown Energy Group, a consulting firm in Oneonta.
Hometown Energy is a consulting company formed to facilitate development of local energy resources. The company hosts informational forums and develops energy initiatives toward workforce and economic development.
The cost to attend the session is $25, which covers breakfast, lunch and materials, and registrations may be made by calling Lusins-McLachlan at 287-4982 or visiting www.hometowneg.com.
To suggest a business story, announce a new business or changes to an existing one, email details to firstname.lastname@example.com or call Denise Richardson at 432-1000 or (800) 721-1000, ext. 213.


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Cheap hotels in S. Donato-Vittoria, Turin
Neighborhood DescriptionThe Via San Donato and Vittoria are residential neighborhoods located northwest of central Turin. The recently remodeled Stazione Porta Susa train station is within a 15-minute walk from the Via San Donato and both residential areas are well-covered by public transportation. The Royal Garden is several trams stops from both locales.
1Hotel Campidogliostar
Address Via Corio, 11 (S. Donato-Vittoria)
The two-star Campidoglio is situated within a few blocks of Turin's Mario Carrara Park and is located just a short walk from the main sights in central Turin.
2Hotel Presidentstar
Address Via Antonio Cecchi 67 (S. Donato-Vittoria)
The three-star President Hotel is located in central Turin and is within walking distance of the Piazza Castello and Via Roma.
3Hotel Diplomaticstar
Address Via Cernaia 42 (S. Donato-Vittoria)
The four-star Diplomatic Hotel is located close to the Porta Susa railway station in central Turin. Area attractions include the Egyptian Museum and the Teatro Regio.
Address Via Brione 6 (S. Donato-Vittoria)
The Residence Rivoli offers twenty studio, one- and two-bedroom apartments in central Turin and is located just steps from a subway station.
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