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Advanced Ruby
- Bundler (3)
- Convoluted Constructions (3)
- Ruby Version Manager (12)
- Serialization (2)
- Test-Driven Development (13)
Tainted Data
In large programs, especially when heavy abstraction is involved, it's sometimes impossible to tell where your data is coming from. Consider the following situation: a server application takes user input from a client and does some processing. It then offloads some of this processing (for example, resizing an image file) to an external program using the backtick operator. The command passed t…
Making Deep Copies in Ruby
It's often necessary to make a copy of a value in Ruby. While this may seem simple, and it is for simple objects, as soon as you have to make a copy of a data structure with multiple array or hashes on the same object, you will quickly find there are many pitfalls.
Optional Method Parameters with Hashes
Using hashes to simulate optional named parameters in methods.
Refinements: Monkeypatching Made Safe
Monkeypatching base classes in Ruby is a typical Rubyism. It's too expressive and flexible to ignore. But there's always a downside, and in this case you're redefining how base classes (such as String and Fixnum) work, and this can have unintended consequences. This is where refinements, a new feature in Ruby 2.0, comes in.
Long Form and Short Form Command-line Options
There are two forms of command-line options: long form and short form. Both long and short form options take arguments, each a little differently.
OptionParser--Parsing Command-line Options the Ruby Way
Ruby comes equipped with a powerful and flexible tool to parse command-line options, OptionParser. The class is an alternative to GetoptLong for analyzing command line options.
Using OptionParser to Parse Commands in Ruby
Using OptionParser to parse command line options is a preferable alternative to GetoptLong or looking through ARGV manually. But how do you use it?
Writing Domain Specific Languages
A short guide on writing Domain Specific Languages in Ruby.
Ruby Best Practices--Making Quick Exceptions
Knowing how to make quick exceptions to catch and tell the difference between several conditions is a Ruby best practice you can't afford not to know.
Ruby's Bignum Library
Computers are quite good at math or, more precisely, at arithmetic. In fact, technically, that's all a computer can do. However, the numbers computers typically work with are quite limited. On a typical computer, an integer number is represented by a 32-bit binary number. A 32-bit integer can only represent the numbers from about negative 2 billion to positive 2 billion.
Challenges to test your Ruby programming skills.
Debugging Ruby
Debugging Ruby programs using the Ruby debugger.
Running the Ruby Profiler
Running the Ruby profiler to determine which methods are most expensive and which need to be optimized.
Ruby @ PLEAC
Ruby recipes at PLEAC (Programming Language Examples Alike Cookbook), the example programs from the Perl Cookbook re-written in Ruby.
An Introduction to Distributed Ruby
Distributed Ruby, or DRb, is a library that allows you to communicate with remote Ruby objects and programs, using TCP/IP network protocols.
The 'exec' Method
There are several ways to run other programs in Ruby. There is the system> method, backticks, etc. However, they all spawn new processes. If there is nothing left for your Ruby program to do, it has to sit there wasting memory until the launched program finishes. The exec> method fixes this.
Eval: Running Code on the Fly
Most non-compiled languages have some kind of eval function, which will take a string and execute it as code.
21 Ruby Tricks
A few tips and tricks to make things a little easier.
You can use eval to run code from a string, but things are not as simple as they seem. The eval method executes code, but where in the program is that code executed?
How to Display Your Ruby Version in Your Bash Prompt
With RVM installed on your system, it's easy to have many versions of Ruby installed. And, especially if you switch between them often, it's easy to forget which Bash command prompt is using which Ruby version. You can solve this by putting your Ruby version in your Bash prompt.
Creating and Distributing Gems with Bundler
Creating Ruby gems has always been a bit of a pain. When you get right down to it, it's not a hard thing to do, but it's easy to forget how if you don't do it often enough. There are quite a few gems to help you write other gems, but if you're using Rails 3, there's already a gem on your system that does this: Bundler.
Ruby Core
Information on installing, running and contributing to the development of the latest release of Ruby.
Refinements: The End of Monkey Patching
Ruby is an extremely flexible language. It's a truly object oriented language, meaning everything is an object that responds to messages. It's also an open language, meaning you can not only add new methods to any class, but replace any method in any class. This has led to something that's at once great, and terrible: monkey patching.
Installing Gems from Git
How to install gems from git repositories.
Using the Enumerable Module
By using the Enumerable module, you can make any of your classes act like Ruby standard collections. All you need to do is implement the 'each' method.
Garbage Collection
The Ruby garbage collector is a mysterious thing, but it's not very complicated.
Calculating Abbreviations
Ruby provides an easy way to make unique abbreviations of a set of words.
Base64 in Ruby
Base64 is a way to represent any data as an ASCII string. It's used to encode files to send in email or other ASCII-only protocols. Ruby provides a few easy methods to encode and decode Base64 data.
Password Security Primer
When web developers fail to implement strong password security it's the users that suffer. This primer will teach you what you need to know in order to safely store passwords in a database.
Cryptographic Hashes in Ruby
Generating cryptographic hashes, such as MD5 or SHA1 hashes, in Ruby is very easy. Ruby provides two libraries for doing this: a builtin Digest library and access to the OpenSSL library.
References to Methods in Ruby
Taking a reference to a method doesn't sound like it should be possible. A method cannot exist on its own, right? Right, but Ruby does allow you to easily pair a reference to a method and the object it belongs to.
Weak References
Weak references store a reference to an object without incrementing the reference counter. This allows you to reference an object and still allow it to be collected by the garbage collector.
Why Does 'map' Return an Array?
Why does 'map' always return an Array? It doesn't matter what type of object you call it on, as long as it has a 'map' method, it will return an array. Why?
Convoluted Constructions: a = 1, b = 2
Given the expression a = 1, b = 2, what will a and b be equal to? What will their types be? Why?
Ruby Tricks: Expressive Case Statements
Exploiting the Garbage Collector
Ruby gives you access to every single object in memory via the ObjectSpace module. While this is not very useful in most situations, there are a few times when you might want to use this module.
Fibers are a lightweight concurrency model available in Ruby that avoids the comparatively heavy OS level threads.
Signals are an OS-level form of primitive interprocess communication, often used to kill programs. You can, however, handle them in Ruby.
More That Static Regular Expressions
Regular expressions can do more than you think.
Threads are the primary method of concurrency and parallelism in Ruby.
Thread Pools
Thread pools are a common pattern in many programs: the need to run M tasks, but only wish to run N of them in parallel at a time.
Mutexes are a way to prevent more than one thread from accessing the same resource (variable, file, socket, etc) at the same time.


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We came across a picture of a dirt road in Woodbridge, circa early 20th century. The road, which was long and uphill, had a rigged crossing over a creek. There were tons of trees, no curbing, and what looked like old Model Ts parked in front of a house with a porch.
We challenged Patch readers to guess where this street in Woodbridge Proper was. Answers on both the article and Facebook were good: Amboy Avenue near the creek by South Park Drive, Woodbridge Avenue in Sewaren, Ridgedale Avenue, even Rahway Avenue.
The first correct guess went to a Patch reader who goes by the initials AO. He correctly guessed that this old photograph was of Barron Avenue. Second and third place go to Angela Sambataro and Jay W. Frangione, who also correctly named the street in the picture.
The "Close But No Cigar" prize goes to Varkutio, who named Harrell Avenue, the twin street that runs parallel to Barron from Freeman Street to Prospect Avenue.
We're told the view of Barron Avenue in this photo is from Freeman Street to Prospect Avenue, and that is the picture highlighted here. But another view in the opposite direction shows a house with a porch and white columns on the left. That could also be the right vantage point, except that the dirt road looks "hillier" toward Prospect Avenue in the old photograph. That would mean the original house on the left is no longer there.
If you are interested, the picture is around 650 Barron Avenue. Just look for the bridge, although you might miss it. Back in the day, a good rainstorm caused a huge flooding problem. This is one of the places in Woodbridge where flooding issues seem to be solved.
The provenance of this picture has a history as well. It's a copy of a photograph owned by the late Bob McEwen, a fervent collector of postcards and Woodbridge memorabilia, and the go-to man if you wanted to know anything about the history of Woodbridge. McEwen was a co-author of a book on the history of Woodbridge.
Do you have old postcards or unusual pictures of Woodbridge? Let us know, and your picture could be in the next History spotlight!

subset: commoncrawl


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Delta 75060-PB Toilet Tank Lever - Polished Brass
Toilet Tank LeverVictorian Bath Accessory CollectionFront mount onlyWill not fit side mount toiletsRequires 5/8" by 5/8" square openingWill not fit all toiletsPlease measure for proper fitmentPolished Brass FinishLimited "Lifetime" Warranty on Finish.
Product OEM:Delta
E-mail a friend about this item.
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Ann Veeck, Professor of Marketing (Marketing), (MBA Program)
PhD: Louisiana State University
MBA: University of Georgia
Office: 3148 Schneider Hall
Phone: (269) 387-6140
Email Ann Veeck
Dr. Ann Veeck's teaching and research interests include marketing research, food consumption patterns, and international marketing.
Funded by a National Security Education Program (NSEP) graduate fellowship, Veeck's dissertation, "Changing Tastes: Purchase Choice in Urban China," involved a year's period of fieldwork in Nanjing, China, during the 1995-96 academic year.
She has worked as a marketing research analyst for Kraft Inc. in Chicago and Frank Small Associates in Taipei, Taiwan.
Veeck has spent over three years since 1985 in various cities in Asia, including Yangzhou, Harbin, Beijing, Nanjing, Taipei, and Seoul. Veeck's ongoing research in East Asia examines the changing consumption and retail patterns of the region, with an emphasis on the restructuring of food systems. Veeck's publications include articles in World Development, the Journal of Segmentation in Marketing, the Asian Journal of Marketing and the Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, as well as numerous conference proceedings. She is a member of the Association of Consumer Research, the American Marketing Association, and the Association of Asian Studies.


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|Home > Crafting Books, CD & DVDs > CD & DVD > All 3 Teresa's Card Classes DVDs (5109015)
Click a star to rate.
Card Classes in your home! From our very own Teresa Welch come three DVDs filled with tons of ideas for fabulous cards. All three Card Classes DVDs are just like taking your very own personal card making classes, with hundreds of card ideas. And the instructions are broken into chapters so it's easy for you to find just what you're looking for. All together, you'll get 383 card ideas, along with hours of video demos and more than 90 patterns to download. Best of all, you'll save money with this huge collection!
Money-saving collection includes:
These DVDs are for computer use only. They're compatible with Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Macintosh OS X (10.5 and up Intel only). You'll need to install Adobe Reader to view the DVD content. We've included that program on each disk for your convenience. When you insert the disk it will guide you through the easy installation.
Part number: 5109015
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On Tuesday's episode of Glee Kurt finally confronted the bully who has been harassing him since the beginning of the series — and found out he was a closeted homosexual. In an interview with the New York Times , Glee creator Ryan Murphy said it's the beginning of a long story arc in which many of the New Directions kids finally confront their tormentors.
"As we get deeper into the episodes, it will be about how all the other kids are tortured and bullied," Murphy told the Times. "The kid in the wheelchair. The Jewish girl. Because they stick up for Kurt, they will all get increasingly tormented. So it's not just about gay bullying — it's about all different kinds that happen in schools."
Glee Playback: Rocky Horror Glee Show Best Episode Yet
Murphy says he's planned on addressing high school bullying from the beginning of the series, but the recent rash of teenage suicides and the It Gets Better campaign have made it even more important. "It really did ignite the cast and the crew to do their best and push themselves with the story," Murphy said.
Murphy also commented on the controversy surrounding the racy GQ photo spread. "That photo shoot was not about the show," he said. "It was about the individuals in the show. They were actors, off the set, being personalities."
Read our story "Glee Gone Wild: The Dark Side of TV's Most Popular Show"
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David Coursey, Contributor
I write about technology and people, trying to get along.
Page 2 of 2
Dropbox is remarkably convenient, though I could use the excellent Evernote for most of the same purposes. (I should probably do a post explaining why Evernote is an application and Dropbox only a feature.)
What makes Dropbox so compelling is also what makes it hard to defend. Dropbox is an excellent online file sharing and storage tool, it works well and offers excellent convenience.
However, unless Dropbox has some really strong patent protection, they are merely an excellent prototype for what a competitor needs to build. Apple's iCloud is a good attempt, but Dropbox competitors must really push platform neutrality.
That Apple and Microsoft may not be able to attract each others' customers may be the strongest argument for Dropbox remaining independent.
There is also the question of how Dropbox is different from an online backup service available on a file-by-file basis across multiple machines. That is how I use Dropbox, only occasionally sharing files in Dropbox with friends and coworkers.
To continue enjoying independent living, Dropbox needs to rapidly add additional features that make it more useful and harder to build into to something else. It needs more than one compelling idea, though what that might be I won't speculate.
Nothing I have written is intended to be critical of Dropbox — if you don't use it, you probably should. Take this as a cautionary tale of how high flyers almost always fall back to earth, sometimes with a dramatic "thud."
This article shows an astounding lack of understanding of typical consumer behavior.
"To continue enjoying independent living, Dropbox needs to rapidly add additional features that make it more useful."
Really? Seems to be that what makes it so great is precisely that it works so well behind the scenes. After all, the best technology is that that you never really have to interact with at all.
And the whole "feature vs product" argument is ridiculous. One could argue Google search is a feature. Or Facebook. Or any business that is built purely on software. Why are you so quick to assume that just because competitors attempt to invade this space that customers will flee en masse, when evidence has shown time and time again that that logic is usually faulty unless there are no barriers to entry, which I argue is certainly not the case for storage solutions.
That is what Dropbox gets for sharing there clients data with investigators without a warrant.
The author seems confused. iCloud does not "also work on Windows". It is basically Apple-only.
Dropbox is platform-agnostic (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, etc), which is a huge deal. It means that Apple and Microsoft are less likely to replace it with a free bundled feature, because they like to bundle features which make their own platform more unique and attractive. These features by definition will not be platform-agnostic.
But the key thing is that iCloud on Windows does not do what Dropbox for Windows does. There IS no Pages/Keynote/Numbers for Windows, so you can't sync your documents, or any other files in fact. Only contacts/calendars. It's lame, but that's fine because it is really an Apple-only product, designed to bolster the total user experience for Apple-centric users.
So Dropbox likely WON'T be killed by a platform-bundled competitor. Its competitors are pureplay, platform-neutral services like SugarSync, Syncplicity etc — except it already killed them.
It's true, iCloud works for Windows.
But FTP has been platform agnostic since, I don't know, maybe even before there were platforms.
As a software dev I don't get the appeal. The Dropbox interface is clunky. People are forgetting the late 90s. Or maybe they remember the late 90s too well, like some people remember the 60s, but that glory isn't coming back and the ending will likely be just as boring.
Yes, but Dropbox runs on freaking everything. Android. Blackberry. There are clients for Linux, Windows Phone, Windows Mobile.
Unless you write your own OSs in your spare time, any OS you stumble across is going to have a Dropbox client. And even if you build utterly exotic devices, if you can get a web browser running on them, Dropbox will still work.
So your files aren't on a couple of platforms that Apple or Microsoft deem strategic, they're on any device you could use. The difference between "available on most devices" and "available effectively everywhere" is huge. Don't have a PC with you and your smartphone falls in the toilet and dies and so that all you have is a 2007-era WinMo phone? You can still get to your files.
I agree that Dropbox isn't exactly a product, but its rapidly becoming a platform that mobile apps are integrating with directly, which means it really is more than just a feature. I'm not sure how big the opportunity is for a file-sharing platform, but everyone has files they need to manage, and Dropbox is useful and users really like it, so I think it's silly to write them off like this.
It's true, iCloud works for Windows. But FTP has been platform agnostic since, I don't know, before there were even platforms. Neither method works without an internet connection, so the cloud backup argument is null. Also, a physical drive doesn't have the security implications.
As a software dev/designer I don't get the appeal. The Dropbox interface is clunky and I feel like the business strategy is a bait and switch tactic. People want to share files with me, but my account is full, so I have to pay to upgrade and access the files? Oh, I see the link to get extra space for free, by pushing my friends to participate in this pyramid scheme. No thanks.
People are forgetting the late 90s. Or maybe they remember the late 90s too well, like some people remember the 60s. But that glory isn't coming back and the years that follow will probably be just as embarrassing.
Wrong! You can access iCloud & all of its functions at iCloud.com. Think before you speak, or at least Google before you speak!
Sorry David, but I cannot agree. iCloud not working as well on Windows does not mean that it is platform neutral. Few users would accept such an ignoble posture, so Apple saying that iCloud works on Windows is a moot point. In fact, it suggests more emphatically that iCloud is tailored for Apple environments. I think you tend to agree given your next comment. What concerns me more is that you fail to provide a cause of death. To assume death at this stage, simply because you beelieve that their strategy doesn't have a moat, seems mismatched to the bold, unequivocal headline.
But it doesn't work on android or linux, and there are plenty of people in the world who want something that does run on somethign other than a Mac or iPhone, especially in emerging markets like China and India. This isn't just about Dropbox either, there are many great products out there for people who live in a diverse computing ecosystem (Mac/Windows/Andriod/Linux). Neither Apple nor Microsoft will never be able to provide a "feature" for those people, so products like Dropbox (and Evernote, Xmarks, etc) exist.
Let me correct that: "On both Linux, Mac and Windows, Dropbox is pretty much the same." ;)
Seriously platform agnostic is a bigger deal than most single platform users think. I use all three platforms and it very valuable to drop a file in Mac and pick it up on a Linux computer.
There is another service up and coming that for $10 a year, is supposedly going to act as an encrypted "cloud" hard drive, where your computer's hard drive will act more as a local cache, and your data will permanently live in a cloud. Not sure if I'm completely sold on it either (and heck if I can remember the name, as it was so long since I signed up for the beta and never heard anything back), but the idea is interesting if they can make it work. Just the bandwidth consumption alone alarms me a bit…offloading 4TB of data is not exactly ISP-friendly!
While Dropbox may end up on the also-ran pile, their not selling to Apple was appropriately gutsy. If a big company — IBM, say — had offered to buy Apple from Jobs & Wozniak a few years after founding their little one-product company, the right move most definitely would have been to decline.
(And I say that as someone who would love for Dropbox to be built into OS X Lion.)
The author is right: Dropbox won't die quickly cos it is cross platform. You aren't going to see Microsoft making a Mac file synch tool.
Dropbox is a feature, not an application. For a look at where it will probably head in future, see syncdocs.com, which has many more features, but is Windows only, so will die for other reasons.
Nicely written, and probably true.
I like and use Dropbox regularly, but as you say I'm not convinced it'll be around in the long run. It still appeals mostly to the techie crowd, as easy as it is to understand and use (would your mother or friends organize their media to put the things they might want to access into a particular folder?). It violates most company rules for not allowing corporate files outside the company network/computers. They have lied about their security a number of times, and have stumbled more than once, enough that users who are paying attention may want to think twice about using the service for anything private (no corporate docs, no personal info, no stolen MP3 files, no … oh wait, what's left?).
Like you say the cloud is going to be incorporated into everything. Sure iCloud is limited right now. But soon enough there will be API support and more apps support and so forth. And it will "just work". And Android and Windows Phone and Amazon will respond. And everything will evolve.
And when we look back in 5 years, this will all seem a little quaint.
I'm not convinced the author has really understood why DropBox is so useful compared to iCloud and other offerings.
I have three development machines and regularly switch between working on them. All my development code is stored on DropBox, which synchronises each of the machines almost instantaneously, either over the Internet or over the LAN connection. That means I can just pickup exactly where I left off a few moment ago on any one of my machines. The later version is even better, because with limited storage space on my MB Air, I can selectively choose which folders to sync to that machine. iCloud doesn't store files, it stores documents and settings (a big difference), the old MobileMe iDisk wouldn't work with development files and I'm yet to find anything that works even remotely as well as DropBox.
All my important files are stored on DropBox. I recently bought a new machine and instead of having to backup everything from another machine and copy it over, I simply installed DropBox and it did it all for me.
I also have several shared folders, which are used to distribute files amongst friends and family, photos etc – we don't have to email them around, they just appear on their computer for them.
What DropBox have is a unique (for the moment at least) product and as long as they can keep up with the game and keep their name in the spotlight I don't see them failing any time soon, at least I do hope not because I'd be lost without it.
My only problem with DropBox is that I can only get a 100Gb account. Ideally I'd like 1Tb so my entire photo library could go on there too!
I do think they should reduce the initial offering of 2Gb though, because for many people that is more than enough, a 500Mb starter account to get them hooked, and a very cheap 2 or 5Gb option would probably encourage more people to convert to a paying account.
"How Dropbox Will Die"
A bit overly dramatic are we not?
OK, it got me to click over out of curiosity for the dramatic title but then once I saw the Apple gushing adoration the title made sense.
Storage will be the big thing of the future so anyone who say's that a company like Dropbox or any number of other storage companies or companies that you can purchase storage from (Amazon, Google) have no future then it smacks of naive thinking or as I said… fanboy blind adoration. The author seems to think that just becuase this expensive plastic iphone phenom is taking place that PC users will use other Apple products. Not as likely. Not out of the question but not something that has people dumping noteboooks for ibooks…
There is plenty of room in the storage industry and I'm sure Dropbox will be around and doing well for the long haul.
For investment implications of Dropbox, please see
David, .
I agree that Dropbox is going to have a tough time in the future as I consider the lock-in very low (moving files from one folder to another is easy and I do get the same features from SugarSync with almost 3x the space for free) and the network effects almost 0 with an estimated more than 90% of paying users not even knowing how to use those. But you have to give it to the guys for building a strong brand and maybe that's going to save them after all.
However, I am a bit confused about your definition of a feature vs. a product. From your definition PayPal and MySQL must also be features because they cannot create the most value when not integrated somewhere else
Would you mind elaborating on that relatively short paragraph of yours?
Thanks, HSS
To rurikbradbury above/or below uniqueness is absolute, cannot be more nor less :)
Agnostic must be way forward . . .
always been a long time Apple but, for 1st time this summer on replacing iPhone(3G) with similar, it resulted in a need to replace 5yr old PowerBook G4 all because the pre-Intel Mac was no longer supported for an iTunes version that allowed me to configure the new old iPhone. Great, got a new MacBook Pro. Subsequently, invested in an iPad as our technology flows through it and thought it would be sweet in demo room. Now all this Apple tin seems a little creepy, still prefer it to competition but, it's still what you do with it that counts. How do you break that geek cliche, 'if you're serious about software get into hardware'? We remain focussed on the tin and whilst we do that the competing ecosystems of Google/M$FT/AMZN/Apple. Agree that DropBox has limited lifespan since all it is only opening up network for storage not for application. Go with the flow, drop into database Liquid . . .
I'm writing this on my ipad, when i'm out in a moment i'll have my android phone, tomorrow I will be using my xp desktop at work. How does icloud sync between these, it doesn't, and it never will.
Apple couldn't care less about any product the doesn't start with an "i". They will never ever support android, and icloud will remain an apple syncing system that media types love, and everyone else just ignores.
Your analysis is right on spot. Also sometimes a product dies when the novelty begins to wear off or alternative products/substitutes come into play. For example, I really dont need that kind of dynamic sync on multiple devices. Also, I dont trust the cloud. So, I selectively backup/sync my data with external drives [that come with such software] and then use Binfer [http://www.binfer.com] to keep selective backup at my dads computer to have a remote copy. I guess cloud based backup is useful for folks who are constantly on the move and need to access from multiple device.
Nice piece, David. Dropbox is well done, and I use it daily as well. But I agree it does feel a lot more like a platform feature than a product. Not selling would be a mistake, though not selling early is not necessarily a mistake.
(I do have one pet peeve with Dropbox. Dragging a file to every other external device on the Mac results in a file copy, whereas it results in a move for Dropbox. That continually trips me up.)
Although the article is logically structured, it follows a somewhat uni-dimensional logic. Granted, Dropbox may cease to exist as a standalone product in a few years but then again, similar predictions were made about Google when it ventured into Yahoo territory 13 years ago. Was Google back then a product or a feature? According to the article's definition, Google is definitely a bundle of both products AND features today. Not many people associate Apple today with the company that was on the verge of bankruptcy 15 years ago and which was unattractive to be even taken over by another giant. When Microsoft launched it's Windows CE mobile OS, many experts predicted the end of the cell phone as we knew it and Microsoft's domination of what is known as the 'smartphone' market. Until 2 years ago, even RIM's own management could not imagine any other device taking the place of their Blackberry smartphone, just as Nokia turned 2 blind eyes from the ever growing smartphone market. Well, guess who changed and now dominates that same market today? How did Apple manage that? It simply focused on the consumer more than the product. The point I'm making is that even the best-founded predictions can go wrong and that the growth and survival of Dropbox will pretty much depend on how quickly it keeps up with and adapts to changes in the consumer 'experience'. I've had my free Dropbox account for nearly a year now and I can tell you that it's been of the most valuable "preature" (product-feature) I've used in years. It too, just works! And not only on Apple devices.
I wouldn't be surprised if Google or Yahoo or somebody either bought them or started an equally useful service that offered more for free (storage is ever getting cheaper) that made Dropbox redundant. Except for the client, the rest of the features can be bought off the shelf in a quality NAS for less than $500.
I don't understand the different between feature and product.
dropbox is cross-platform and that's it's strength – and it fulfill a need to storage what make it different from diskonkey for example.
about patent i'm not sure that today patents are as useful – consider the iPhone case today some of the android are equal or even better (Samsung galaxy 2).
David, i think you are writing without going beyond. For example, you compare Evernote with Dropbox, they are not the same thing. Evernote helps you "organize" and Dropbox help us to store important files in a cloud so we can use them on our PC, tablet or phone or even on any internet access available item. What i think about Dropbox is that maybe one day we could use it as a file hard drive. For example on Dropbox i have my reports, my presentations, etc. They are not on my laptop hardisk, why? Because i need them everywhere and that's where we all heading, well need our information available everywhere anytime. So think about it, maybe is not a solution for what people is asking know but it would be a solution in the future. That reminds me an article i read last week on forbes about apple's differences with competitors, one was just what i wrote: They are not copying competitors products or features, they are giving there clients the tools they need to be just fine.
It seems that these days even a single product may not be enough to survive. Companies should have multiple billion dollar products, and even better than that, they should have a "platform", as per Steve Yegge's recent rant. Is Dropbox a platform?
I use CONNECT over DropBox it works right from my PC so I don't have to upload my files to the cloud. Unlimited space and converts all my files on the fly. Found it at www.singleclickconnect.com
I wager Google will trojan GDrive on its chrome browser. Plus bake it into Android and throw in an Iphone App.
At that point, either Microsoft buys Dropbox (which is what the investors are betting) or the game is over.
Great article and you can find more like this at http://www.RETIREREPORT.com Retirement information updated daily.
I HOPE your wrong as I use dropbox (and Evernote) all the time! It true I also have a free account but because I've signed so many people up I have 4 times the space. iCloud I have but it only on my Mac. Apple double standards on software, They trash people for sloppy programing yet that what they do on the Windows side. I use DropBox on my iPad, Windows 7, and 3 mac's. It a software I don't want to live without!
David – as an admittedly light user of Dropbox I think you are doing your readers a disservice by not fully exploring a service like Dropbox. I, and very many people I know, use Dropbox heavily for collaboration on projects, sharing information, and ensuring access to my content on any device I am using. It has a deep ecosystem (and getting deeper) and is becoming more and more a platform for third-party extensions. If you spent much of your day collaborating on projects with others, especially in a smaller or mid-tier company, no doubt your viewpoint would be far different.
Steve Jobs was not always right, and in this case I have to say that Dropbox has more than enough value to stand alone as a product rather than as a feature of some other offering.
I haven't researched every product out there. Just an ordinary user who likes the idea of moving files quickly between my ipads, droid phone and dual boot desktop(windows/ubuntu). So dropbox does the job. Don't plan on mass storage in dropbox just moving files quickly before a trip.
The perspective that Dropbox is a "feature" is wrong. Dropbox is a "service" that offers features. Rather than list all of its "features," one can review all of them here: http://www.dropbox.com/features. As a user of Dropbox, it is more than a place for me to drop files. I use it to share larger files that I am not able to share with others due to attachment size restrictions imposed my one of the more dominant email clients used by businesses today. I also use Dropbox to hold social media images embedded into my email signature, as well as my vcf file. Sure, there are plenty of alternatives, but Dropbox has managed to develop a service that has made it easy for me to save, store and access imporant information on-the-fly from each an every device I use both on a personal and professional level alike.
I'm not really convinced it's a product or feature. I consider it more of a service. There's nothing new or special about places to store files online for sharing with multiple users across multiple platforms. What will sort out those who can sustain a profit for it from those who can't will be quality of customer service and ease of use. Security of those files will be a big issue. From my perspective, it would be foolhardy to make any of those services like dropbox or iCloud your primary means of file storage, but if the premium service is appropriately priced and files kept sufficiently secure from unauthorized users, it could be an alternative off-site backup for files. That's going to depend on individual user volume and whether it's more cost effective to pay for a service like dropbox, or maintain a server in another server farm.
Great thoughts. You're right that Dropbox will die, or at least cease to grow, overtaken by superior competitors.
But, should we really care?
What matters is our data. Whether security issues or features lacking hinders the growth of Dropbox, any competitor must address migration of current userbase. You can't simply build a better mousetrap, you have to map out the transition for those who've invested in the old mousetrap infrastructure.
Examples include Gmail's overtake of Ymail and Mac's moderate surge against the Windows-dominated PC market as a legitimate business tool with the "Switch" and "Get a Mac" campaigns, as well as Windows-running software like Parallels.
It will not necessarily be sourcecode: Dropbox happily, securely, economically fileserving our future data access needs, but something will be there. Whatever it is, Job 1 will have been to find a way to lure users from the market's 800lb gorilla, whoever it was.
I would like to get to know your thoughts about Evernote as a product.
I liked your article. Good point.
DOS was a feature, Windows was a feature, Google was a feature, Facebook was a feature, the microchip was a feature, the database was a feature, etc etc etc. The argument in this article doesn't ring true because it's based on a false premise. I've heard the product vs. feature comment dozens of times, and in almost every case it was made by someone attempting to reduce the valuation of the company for either acquisition or investment purposes.
This article is RIGHT ON. Dropbox is a file storage and sync device. Why is this not exactly as Steve Jobs said – a feature and not a product?
Can ANYONE explain this to me?
VC's are greedy and will hype anything to make a buck. The rest of us have been given brains by the Good Lord and we would do well to use them. This is the same type of nonsensical hype-ing that went on before the dot bomb crash. Back then it was pet food.com (or whatever) and now it is this company and its variants – box.net and others.
I think you are simply wrong. Platform neutrality can become the platform in itself. Think twitter vs BBM.
BTW, Dropbox features can't be replaced in small group collaboration.


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On the Wire: Week 13 Pickups, Vince Young, Fred Jackson, and Playoff Depth
by Jacob • December 2, 2009 • Waiver Wire • 0 Comments
Let's not play games. I know you're most likely looking for just one or two players to complete your fantasy football playoff dynasty before Week 13 or ignoring most of the free agents for a chance to ride out the season while looking nonchalant. Chicks dig nonchalant. While it's always admirable to fight to...Read more →


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Please note: this instructable is written for beginners, and contains lots of very basic information. If you have lots of experience soldering, please use the comments to share your knowledge. Clarifications and corrections are especially welcome.
This Instructable was the lead-off for "How to Solder" month, where we rewarded soldering tutorials with Instructables patches. See the original call for project here at submitting a How to Solder Instructable or just check out all the other soldering Instructables here at the How to Solder group.
Step 1: Tools and materials
Soldering is the process of using a filler material (solder) to join pieces of metal together. Soldering occurs at relatively low temperatures (around 400 degrees Fahrenheit) as compared to brazing and welding, which actually melt and fuse the materials themselves at higher temperatures. In soldering the filler material becomes liquid, coats the pieces it is brought into contact with, and is then allowed to cool. As the solder cools it hardens, and the two materials are joined. Soldering is a quick way to join many types of materials, from copper pipe to stained glass. It creates an electrically conductive strong bond between components that can be re-heated (desoldered) if you should ever want to disconnect two items joined together. It's great for joining electrical components and wires and is used in just about everything electronic. In this Instructable I explain how to solder the basics you see in most Instructables: electrical components and wires.
For further information and some more technical specs on soldering check out the wikipedia article.
As with many skills, having the right tools for the job effects the quality of the work being done. When it comes to soldering you can end up using a lot of fancy tools, or just a few simple items you can pick up at the hardware store for a couple of bucks. I am going to use a couple of different soldering tools in this Instructable; there are many ways to solder, and you should use what works for you.
At the very minimum you will need the solder and a heat source to melt it - preferably something small which can get to 600-800 degrees Fahrenheit. If you've got that, your ready to make a connection. That being said, there are a wide range of soldering tools and accessories that can be really helpful if you're going to be soldering frequently. Ladyada has compiled a nice list of equipment and sources to buy the tools on her site. I got together a solid supply of soldering tools by raiding the Squid Labs soldering station. Here is the complete list of what I used...
1. Soldering iron
Most people opt for using a soldering iron to solder. It's a great heat source that heats up and cools down quickly and can maintain a pretty constant temperature. Soldering irons can be purchased from a variety of places. I have picked up some at Radioshack - evil yes, but convenient, some from the hardware store, some from garage sales and a bunch more from retailers online. Low wattage (15-40 watt) soldering irons work best for soldering components on circuit boards while more powerful (60-140 watt) soldering irons work well joining thicker materials like braided speaker wire. If you use too powerful of a soldering iron on a circuit board you might damage the components you are trying to join. I like to keep a low-wattage iron around for detail work, and a high-wattage iron that I can use when I am not too concerned about exposing the material I am working with to high temperatures. It's a real pain to solder thick wires without a powerful soldering iron.
The soldering iron in most of the pictures is made by Weller, and has a variable temperature control. This is the best of both worlds since you can set the heat exactly where you want it, but it's significantly more expensive than fixed-temperature irons. If you're just going to do some occasional soldering it isn't a must have by any means. Anyone interested in modding a soldering iron should check out DIY Hot Air Soldering Iron by charper.
2. Solder
There are lots of kinds of solder available. They come in different thicknesses from around .02" to some really thick stuff you would only use on copper pipe with a butane torch. You use thin solder for detailed work like putting resistors onto circuit boards and thicker solder for joining larger materials like speaker wire. I use solder around .025" for most jobs. Most solder is made from a combination of tin and lead - it's about a 60% tin, 40% lead mix depending on what solder your using. Recent international health codes from Japan and the EU (California and New York have adopted similar policies as well) mandate that lead solder be phased out of certain commercial products and substituted with a lead-free alternative. The manufacturing deadline was this past July so we should be seeing the changes now. Even if you don't live in California or New York its still worth staying away from lead solder since lead has been known to cause all kinds of a nasty health effects from birth defects to severe developmental and neurological damage. Plus it's pretty easy to find the lead-free stuff.
Some solder will contain a small amount of silver. This pushes the melting temperature up a bit, but the silver helps the solder to flow and makes a stronger joint. If you are worried about burning whatever your working with, try to stay away from solder with silver in it, but it works very well if you're just joining wires or something that won't be easily damaged. The last thing to know about solder is that you want to use a solder that has a rosin core. The rosin acts as a flux when soldering and helps the connection - it's also the kind that's most readily available at the hardware store and from electronics suppliers.
3. Soldering iron tips
Soldering irons come with a tip, so you don't have to go out and get a special one, but it's important to know the differences between them and make sure you're using the right tip for the kind of soldering you're doing. Some small-wattage irons come with conical pointed tips for detail work, while most high-wattage irons come with a flatter screwdriver-style tip that works well on wires. You want your tip to be a little smaller than whatever you are soldering so you have good control of what you heat up and what you leave alone.
4. Soldering iron holder and cleaning sponge
It's nice to have a safe place to put the soldering iron down in between soldering. A soldering stand safely holds the iron and gives you a place to clean the tip. Some soldering irons come with their own holders. If yours doesn't have one, you can buy one or make one. jaime9999 has a Homemade nearly-free Soldering Iron Stand that is pretty much identical to what you can buy. The stand isn't a necessity for learning how to solder, but it does help.
5. Tools to work with wires
I have a go-to stock of tools that I round up when working with wires or electrical components. They consist of wire cutters, a wire stripper, needle nose pliers, and an automatic wire stripper (courtesy of the Squid Labs soldering station.) The automatic wire stripper is really convenient if you're going to be stripping lots and lots of wire, but by no means necessary. I have stripped lots and lots of speaker wire using my teeth (not the best idea, I know I know.)
6. Clips to hold your work
Often called "third hands" or "helping hands," these little guys help a whole lot when soldering. You have to hold the soldering iron with one hand and the solder wire in the other, so it really helps to have something else to hold the components you're actually trying to join. You can use alligator clips, clamps, or even some tape to hold things in place if you need to. The third hand is generally a good investment if your going to be soldering regularly, and there are plenty of Instructables with with ideas to modify them if you do happen to pick one up. Check out: Make a 3 degree of freedom 'hand' to help with soldering / gluing work and make your 'helping hands' 100x more useful for soldering / gluing small parts by leevonk to start.
If you would like to make a set of helping hands of your own there are already a number of good Instructables on that too. Quick helper for surface-mount soldering by http://www.instructables.com/member/bikeNomad/bikeNomad, QuickMods - Soldering Arms by Aeshir and Build a Pair of Helping Hands by john otto should get things started.
7. Exhaust fan
I do most of my soldering at a soldering station that is equipped with an exhaust fan. It's really not such a good idea to breathe in solder fumes, and soldering does produce fumes. Any kind of ventilation/fan you can rig up will help. Vent the fumes outside or use an indoor fan with a filter if you can't vent them outdoors. Here is a Window-mounted solder fume extractor (not just for RVs!) posted by bikeNomad. Also check out Dr. Solomon's low tech, but functional Solder Fume Extractor if you're looking to build something that you can place right on your table. If you're just doing a quick soldering job, the fumes wont kill you by any means. I have certainly done my fair share of soldering without a vent, but anyone doing repetitive soldering should definitely pick one up or make one.
8. Safety goggles
I hadn't ever used goggles before while soldering, but while doing research for this post I saw it mentioned elsewhere and agree that its a good idea. Little molten bits of solder tend to fly out of the soldering joint when you're feeding in the solder, and if it landed in your eye it wouldn't feel too good.
9. The materials that you want to join together
I was just messing around, and mostly soldering for the purpose of this Instructable so my materials didn't necessarily make anything. You can solder wire, electrical components like resistors and capacitors, circuits, breadboards, electrodes, small pieces of metal and whatever else you can think of. Don't know if it can be soldered? Give it a try - you won't blow anything up.
Once I have got my tools and materials rounded up, I like to pretend that I am a pilot and begin my pre-flight/solder checklist.
using a candle to burn and melt is much easier
There's a few possible problems, the obvious one is you're iron isn't hot enough. I prefer a 40W iron over a 30W any day. It seems 30W are the most common, but they just don't cut it for me.
Try a cheapo model form ebay etc for $5 or so and see how it works for you.
Another fix is to heat the iron up a bit with a torch. I rarely need to do this to boost heat, but I will use a torch as the heat source for the iron if I'm too far from an outlet..
The other problem could be thinking the flux inside the solder is enough. It is not.... At least it has never been for me. You need to flux the surfaces and be sure the surface can be soldered in the first place.
The surface could be coated or plated with something that either the solder or the flux doesn't like. It might also be corrosion, a lubricant, protectant, or who knows what. In those cases I clean it with a chemical such as electric contact cleaner aka brake cleaner, or even carb cleaner, but most people use alcohol. If that doesn't work then it's probably some kind of coating you'll need to remove with force, like sandpaper or a Dremel tool to break thru to the good metal. Once you've ground the bad part off, clean it, coat it with flux and try again.
If it's still being difficult you can try using sandpaper on it while it's coated in flux. I like 320-400 wet/dry paper, maybe 180-220 if it's really bad. Cut a small piece for sacrifice because you don't want to use it again now that it has flux on it. After you have either roughed it up nicely, or ground thru the problem coating whatever it was, clean it, flux it, and try again.
I prefer to coat the problem item in solder first, that way I know it'll work when it's time to attach something. Assuming the iron is hot, clean, and will hold solder (plain old rosin core 60/40 works best for me), put a little on the tip, then apply it to the surface and hold until it flows and coats your surface. If it's a large item and you can't get it hot enough you will need to preheat the item with a torch or whatever, I've used anything from little butane torches to my oven, as long as everything can handle the heat that is. (fyi; preheating also works for welding when the machine can't generate enough heat). Once it's hot enough the solder will flow nicely into the area worked on, and your problem is solved.
If you never could get the solder to stick then you might be working with the wrong metal, like aluminum, so use the appropriate method for that metal, or simply try using a screw or bolt as a contact. If you can figure out what the base metal is, then search the net for a bolt material that will not react with it. Example; drill a hole and use an appropriate bolt/nut and torque it down good, then apply solder to the bolt's head which should be a snap. Common steel bolts are usually coated with something which probably needs to be ground off. Grind off just enough area for what you need, and preferably solder it in a way you can still use the tool to remove it if needed. Now flux your spot and apply a little drop of solder like described above. Being a bolt it's probably heavier and may need a little boost with a torch.
I flux/solder each piece first so I know they're both good to go, then I put them together and add a drop of solder with the iron until it flows.
I hope this helps some people with their soldering problems...
I would probably avoid using brake cleaner then applying heat, because depending on the formulation you can emit phosgene gas:
Thanks, something to think about. I don't think you can buy that kind of brake cleaner anymore, plus it evaporates almost instantly when cleaning stuff like that. I do remember spraying the older stuff on something red hot and the smell was horrible. Not sure if it was that particular gas, but omg it was bad!
Speaking of solder, I lost my old solder and flux in a move so I bought this new solder and flux, some "safer" crap or some bs but it was all I could find. I haven't been able to solder anything but clean copper wire and that barely sticks together and often fails. It's horrible stuff. Maybe that was the original posters problem? I guess I'll have to buy some from china on ebay or something.
Lead free solder melts at 218 deg C where leaded melts at 183 deg C. You may need to get a higher wattage iron to work with it. That thanks to the EU which started this lead free mess.
I've always preferred a higher heat than what most people use, for example I won't use a 30w, only 40w at min. I don't know the exact temp but to get the same effect from the adjustable solder station at work I need 800F/426C. Others at work used 700-750F and they struggled. This was back when we used real lead and flux btw. So I don't think 218C would work at all, but whatever the case I'm well above it. I've even tried boosting the temp by heating my iron with a propane torch, but it doesn't help. My latest project needed tabs soldered to rechargeable AA batteries to renew a cordless tool batt pack. I've done this in the past with lead 60/40 and acid flux no problem, but the new stuff refuses to stick to the batts. It's like trying to solder to glass... Very frustrating. My flux might be part of the problem so I will look for a different type. I may have to spot weld the tabs like the factory does, but it doesn't help me with other stuff.
my molten solder sticks to the soldering iron
If you have a old/not very good soldering iron and are having trouble getting the solder to melt by touching it to the component, you can touch the solder directly to the iron and make a "cold solder joint", but after it's on the wire, keep your iron there until you see the solder fill the cracks. This can work because when you touch your sodlering iron directly to your component, hea tis being conducted through a verysmall area, but if solder is completely covering your componenet and you heat up the solder, the componenet will heat up much faster.
Hi, what solder and soldering iron do you recommend if I just want to do some occasional wire fastening?
You may consider Atten AT-SS-50 iron, a 50w portable variable temperature control hot iron. it is a soldering pencil which is very light to handle. you can also control soldering temperature for various applications. best of all, it is very cheap in comparison to advanced soldering stations.
Thanks for the tip, I'll probably go with that.
Amazing information about soldering. This guide is really helpful to the people those who are in the basic level of soldering the electronics.
i am great at dt
I love chicken
Another tip, which is especially crucial when working on salvaged board/components, is to never 'reheat' solder in an attempt to reuse it. Once the solder cools and dries the first time, its "done". Don't reheat it in an attempt to 'reshape' it, or add more to it, just remove it and start again. Old solder loses many of its core attributes if reheated (and often goes from a shiny finish, on first application, to a more matte finish once reheated - stick with shiny).,
Some people use bottled water, but because with that, since most bottled water is "spring" or "mineral" water, which typically has a higher calcium PPM than tap water. When it doubt, read the label, but you *can* find distilled water sold as drinking water, and (other than the over inflated price of it in drinking bottle form), would work just fine.
You could always distill your own water with a simple steam condenser. There are no doubt many such tutorials on instructables regarding this - but the idea is to boil water, and then "catch" the rising steam and divert it into another vessel (by means of a tin foil cover over the boiling water, that has been 'channelled' to control the flow of the condensation).
I don't like the idea of using an abbrasive pad or sandpaper to clean the tip, unless you plan on replating it somehow... In Canada, we have a product called CLR that works great on that kind of stuff, and won't eat the tips plating at all (nor is it abrasive). It's ingredients include: Its ingredients include water, lactic acid, gluconic acid, lauramine oxide, and Propylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether; and is claimed to remove calcium, lime, and rust (thus the name, CLR). I make sure I rinse my tips after using CLR on them thoroughly, but other then that, they work (and look) like new!
Also, if you're using a spounge that wasn't made for soldering (or one that came with a kit), I'd *really* recommend against using any 'no soap' kitchen spounge (the ones that come with cleaning products 'built in', rather than you adding them yourself) - not only is that likely toxic, but who know's what's in them (reactive, flamible when exposed to extreme heat, and etc) - so play safe!
My favourite DIY spounge is small, possible old, and usually made from poly rather than natural. When dry, they should be almost a solid with very little yield - when wet, you should be able to contort them to your hearts content... Their super cheap too, and easy to cut to size or replace if needed. You can buy them by the dozen at most supermarkets for a buck or two, and (at least in Canada, the US, and Australia) typically come in blue, yellow, or pink.
btw im making a soldering nest, so to speak and after reading this i will invest in safety specs and incorperate a few 5v fans to suck to smoke away :D cheers guys and girlies
When I do it, the solder either balls up on the end of the solder wire, or bunches up into a little blob around the lead, which is only a good enough joint to last for a week or so before I start losing the connection again. (I had the exact same problem while I was soldering the pickups in my guitar as well, although that was soldering a wire to a plate so it was quite different.)
So can somebody please tell me....WHAT am I doing wrong??
Hope this helps
I cannot see what you are doing but it sounds to me like your iron tip is not tinned properly, or it was, and it is dirty now. Something like that. Take a paper towel fold it into a little square and soak it with clean water, then wipe your hot iron tip on it with a rolling motion a few times see if you can make it shiny bright.
You should be able to get a droplet of solder to stick right to your iron tip. If you can't do that you can't solder. Well, not you can't solder, just you can't solder with that iron tip.
When you solder to a metal plate it is helpful if you sand the smooth metal with emery or sand paper to put some scratches in it that the solder can grip to. Solder won't stick to all metals either. Like you can't solder aluminum. Well you can solder aluminum, just not with regular solder.
Confused yet? Good! I think that is how they want us to be.
Insist on genuine lead solder!
Tin/Lead = around 200C
Lead Free from 217-250C


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Email your pictures to Doug Darr.
We are still looking to certify lake record largemouth bass (8-pound minimum), smallmouth bass (5-pound minimum), spotted bass (4-pound minimum), and redeye bass (12-ounce minimum). We also have an angler recognition program for other sport fish.
Jon Hornsby caught this white bass on March 14, 2012.
Jon Hornsby caught this yellow perch on March 14, 2012.
An angler holds a very large striped bass caught below the Yates Dam April 6, 2008.
John Hornsby caught this spotted bass on April 11, 2009
This longear sunfish was caught on April 11, 2009 by John Hornsby
In 2006, Ernest Pattillo caught these striped bass near Yates Dam, 17-pounds, 12-ounces.
This white bass was caught by John Hornsby on April 11, 2009.
A 4-pound, 12-ounce Alabama spotted bass was caught by Ernest Pattillo from Lake Thurlow on February 26, 2009, using a jigging spoon.
SSG Sidney Johnson relaxed in Thurlow to catch these spotted bass. He is stationed in Iraq. Thanks for your service SSG Johnson!
January 3, 2007, Zeke holding a yellow perch caught in Graveyard Creek, Thurlow Reservoir.
Thurlow yellow perch
Smallmouth bass were stocked in Thurlow Lake, but they are no longer caught.
Ernest Pattillo knows the key to success in Thurlow Reservoir is light line. Yates Dam is in the background.
Daniel Finkle, Auburn University student, with a spotted bass from Thurlow Lake during January of 2007.
Zeke pulls in a spotted bass from Thurlow Lake on the Tallapoosa River.
On June 12, 2006, Billy Curlee caught this one-pound, ten-ounce shellcracker on Thurlow Reservoir.
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OAKMONT, PA - OCTOBER 17: Marc Serrao, 50, and his son Tony, 25, make election cookies of U.S. President Barack Obama and Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney for customers at the Oakmont Bakery on October 17, 2012 in Oakmont, Pennsylvania. The images of the candidates are printed on icing paper with food coloring. Currently, Romney is ahead in the tally over Obama, 350 cookies purchased to 331. The bakery began the race three weeks ago and plans to maintain the cookie poll until Election Day. (Photo by Jeff Swensen/Getty Images)
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Join us for a Scandinavian celebration of holiday joy and light! Lucia wears her crown of candles, bringing light into the darkest month of the year. Enjoy some of the most beloved holiday music of Sweden this season! Tickets will be sold at the door for Adults, $10 and for Students, Seniors $8. Children under 12 years of age are free, with a maximum price of $30 per family.
Copyright ©2014 Planck LLC d/b/a Patch Media. All rights reserved | Patch Network


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For 2011, financial goals made up three of the top five spots, including "improve financial situation" at No. 1. In 2012 it fell one spot to No. 2, behind only "become more physically fit."
But, as with "getting organized," most money resolutions fail because they are so vague. While it's easy to vow to "save more" or "spend less" on New Year's Eve, such a fuzzy goal is hard to measure by the end of the January -- let alone the end of the year.
Start with baby steps like setting up an automatic savings plan, even for as little as $5 a week. Or decide to cut out a specific luxury, such as that daily Starbucks run.
Small, easily attainable goals will make bigger changes more likely. Plus, don't be afraid to reward yourself -- within reason, of course -- for each small victory. You've earned it.
No. 2: Weight loss/exercise
If you've struggled with health-related resolutions in the past, you're not alone -- not by a long shot.
According to an American Psychological Association poll conducted in March 2010, fewer than one in five adults reported being very successful with health-related resolutions such as losing weight, exercising regularly or eating a healthier diet.
One of the reasons so many fail is because of the all-or-none approach we all tend to take with resolutions. We feel great when we stick to a diet or exercising daily, but one slip has us considering our resolution "broken."
However, there's no reason a minor lapse should turn into a full-blown collapse. Instead, get right back on track. If you slip up, don't wait until next Jan. 1 to start again, but start right back up again the next day.
That same line of thinking is valuable in breaking any habit, but especially applies to our last broken resolution …
No. 1: Stop smoking
If you're a smoker looking to kick the habit in the new year, the numbers can be daunting.
It's said that the average smoker quits eight to 10 times before succeeding and -- as if that's not enough -- the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the majority of quitters relapse within the first three months of quitting.
So, yeah, the deck is stacked, but don't light up just yet.
You're likely to fall off the wagon a few times along the way, so if you sneak a smoke after two weeks of abstaining, don't beat yourself up for your failure. Instead, celebrate those two weeks of progress and see if you can beat your new record.
As with any resolution you may make this year, just remember that if you fail, you're in good company as you get back on track.
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Try "Boutique" Hand Poured Plastic Baits
Do yourself a favor. Find a small-operation hand poured plastic bait company and spend some of your money on their products. Though I have spent my fair share on big name brand baits and lures over the years, this year has really taught me...Continue reading »


text: Rainbow Paper Balloons Lanterns - Current Catalog Shopping Cart: 0 items Sign up for exclusive email promotions Checks Address Labels Greeting Cards Holidays and Events Gift Ideas Personalized Gifts For Your Home Stationery Personalized Stationery Calendars Home Office Wrapping Paper Photo Gift Center Dollar Deals Sale Home > Celebre Catalog << Previous Next >> Rainbow Paper Balloons Lanterns Sale! Save 60%! Add festive lanterns to your next party! Hang as is for daytime parties or over a light string (not included) at night. They're so versatile! You can use them to outline the area over the dance floor. Set them in a row down the center of a long table with a battery-operated candle inside each one. Attach a few to long pieces of doweling and set them in a vase to look like gigantic lollipops. Or hang them in your trees as if they were big, multicolored pieces of fruit! Each is 12" across and includes a wire hanger. Set of 6 Product Code Product Description Qty Price 3473 Rainbow Paper Balloons Lanterns Was: $11.99Now: $4.79You saved: $7.20 NOTE: To avoid errors, please do not refresh this page or hit the back button while we process your order. Cantina Plaque $36.99 Sombrero Piñata $24.99 Table Cover Roll $34.99 My Little Pony Pull-String Piñatas $29.99 Home|Featured Merchants|Tips|Contact Us|Privacy & Security|Site Map|1-800-848-2848|Request Free Catalog © 1998, 2014 Current USA, Inc.


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Hepatitis News
News on Hepatitis continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
3 hrs ago | Click Orlando
Hospital prepared to treat Ebola patients
Ebola is brutal. Those afflicted often bleed uncontrollably, vomit profusely, lose function of their kidneys and other organs, and -- in over half the cases recently in West Africa -- die.
Popular Stories
5 hrs ago | WJZW-FM Washington
Guitarist Slick Aguilar to Rejoin Jefferson Starship for Two Shows This Weekend
Jefferson Starship will be reunited with one of its longtime members this weekend, as guitarist Mark "Slick" Aguilar will perform with the band for the first time since 2012, when he was forced to leave the group because of a serious liver ailment.
9 hrs ago | The Daily Republic
County offers free Hepatitis C testing
Testing is available on a drop-in basis from 5 to 7 p.m. on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month at 365 Tuolumne St. The test is confidential and free.
13 hrs ago | The Hill
Treating hepatitis C: Too costly not to act
Hepatitis C affects 3.2 million Americans, resulting in more than 16,000 deaths annually.
17 hrs ago | TheStreet.com
Biotech Stock Mailbag: Arrowhead, Catalyst Pharma
Your browser is not supported. Please upgrade to one of the following browsers: Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari Microsoft Internet Explorer 8+ You may proceed to the site by clicking here , however some pages might not work correctly.
21 hrs ago | International Business Times
Why Washing Your Hands Can Save Your Life
The number of deaths and new cases from the Ebola outbreak since it was first documented in March continues to rise.
Yesterday | ABC 33/40
WWI aviation still alive at aerodrome in New York
Women model outfits from the World War 1 era during an air show at the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome on Sunday, July 6, 2014, in Rhinebeck, N.Y. .
Tropical Storm Bertha forms in the Atlantic
A white hearse pulled up to the entrance of a downtown Honolulu cathedral Thursday, carrying the remains of a saint known for caring for exiled leprosy patients in the 1880s.
Cutting-edge transplant overcomes hepatitis C for U of U patient
Andres Galvan, 61, gives thanks for his improved health four days after a kidney transplant operation at the University of Utah Hospital in Salt Lake City on Thursday, July 31, 2014.
Oregon Medicaid targets expensive hepatitis drug
By SAMANTHA HENRY Associated Press She once called Donald Trump "a maggot, a cockroach and a crumb."
Get tested on World Hepatitis Day
Public health is encouraging the public to "know their status" and get tested for viral hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver that can lead to life-threatening complications such as liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Breakthrough Hepatitis C treatment worth its hefty price tag
There's a new breakthrough hepatitis C drug treatment that cures - yes, cures - almost everyone who takes it.
Visitors of tattoo saloons more prone to hepatitis risks - doctor
Visitors of tattoo saloons more prone to hepatitis risks - doctor 17:17 * 29.07.14 Individuals often visiting beauty salons for nail polishing or tattoo are in a high risk group for hepatitis B or C, says Hasmik Ghazinyan, President of the Armenian Hepathologists' Association.
Baby Boomers: Maybe a Hepatitis C test?
My regular readers know I am not enthused with exhaustive testing--who would have time for anything else? Baby Boomers are more likely than other age groups to have the viral infection called Hepatitis C. This attacks the liver, can be fatal, and is easily acquired--even by sharing a razor at the gym.
Two patients seek to launch class-action suit against Montreal hospital
Two women are trying to launch a class-action lawsuit against a Montreal-area hospital which is testing patients who underwent bariatric surgery and might have contracted HIV or hepatitis from an improperly sterilized surgical tool.
Illinois Medicaid restricts use of hepatitis drug
After spending an estimated $16 million this fiscal year on Sovaldi, which holds promise for a cure for the liver-damaging disease, the state agency headed by Julie Hamos approved the restrictions July 10. The rules limit the drug to sicker patients and bar it for anyone with a recent history of drug or alcohol abuse.
The American Journal of Managed Care
$1,000 Sovaldi Now Hepatitis Treatment of Choice
The price is sky-high, but so is demand. A new $1,000-per-pill drug has become the treatment of choice for Americans with hepatitis C, a liver-wasting disease that affects more than 3 million.
Pilot aims to tackle hepatitis C
Those behind it said Cornwall was chosen because population movement was minimal which would make assessing the success of the scheme much easier.
'Intensify Education On Hepatitis B'
Richard Kofi Boahen THINK HEALTH, a non-governmental organisation, has called for a more coordinated and integrated approach in Ghana in the fight against Hepatitis B in view of the devastating effects of the disease on the socio-economic fortunes of the country.
Number of hepatitis C cases rising in province
Jana Hartson and Lindsay Collins put up a tent during an event to recognize World Hepatitis C Day at the Majestic Lawn in Corner Brook from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Tuesday.
Updated: Fri Aug 01, 2014 10:51 pm
Copyright © 2014 Topix LLC


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Although it borrows its primary title from the controversial 1975 experimental noise album by Lou Reed, the full title of this documentary – Metal Machine Music: Nine Inch Nails and the Industrial Uprising – reveals the filmmakers' main intent, which is to position Trent Reznor as the most influential agent in ushering the so-called Industrial music movement into the mainstream. Although Reznor does not participate in or endorse the content, it does bring a fair amount of historical background to support this idea, making Metal Machine Music one of the more detailed documents of the cultural and artistic elements that paved the way for the Nine Inch Nails phenomenon.
I've mentioned many times on these pages how the industrial genre began life as something very different than the loops, samples and drum machines that most associate with it today, and this history effectively forms the first quarter of this documentary. With archival footage and interviews, the filmmakers explain in detail how the movement began with bands like the UK's Throbbing Gristle, who arguably coined the term "Industrial music" with the creation of their own label Industrial Records, and Germany's Einsturzende Neubaten, who used heavy machinery, factory scrap metal and power tools to create alien rhythms. Even the sampling technology that quickly found its way into the driving rhythmic styles of the '80s and '90s owes a debt to the pre-digital "musique concrete" techniques that often used triggered tape loops to transform non-musical sounds into new rhythms and melodies.
The main thread tying this doc's early chapters together is the emphasis on the DIY aesthetic employed by those early innovators, who threw out the rock 'n' roll rulebook even more completely than their punk-rock contemporaries, and cobbled together strange new instruments out of junk, trying to coax new, disturbing and provocative sounds out of them in an attempt to capture the attention of open-minded listeners. Interviews with Throbbing Gristle co-founder Genesis P-Orridge (the only musician outside the NIN circle to speak on this DVD) reveal a lot about the chaotic, anything-goes attitude that drove that band's outlandish performances. Many of the revolutionary acts of this period embraced new synthesizer technology that became increasingly more affordable, opening up new avenues of experimentation that paved the way for bands like Cabaret Voltaire, Skinny Puppy and Ministry.
It was during this electronic transition that the young Trent Reznor – a talented, classically-trained musician in Cleveland who had played in a handful of '80s synth-pop bands – found his calling. Borrowing the hook-laden dark pop melodies of innovators like Depeche Mode and fusing them to the anger-fueled aggression of Al Jourgensen's Ministry (which had itself begun life as a dark synth-based dance band before incorporating heavy metal guitar riffs and heavily distorted vocals), Reznor created a hard-edged sound filled with rage and nihilism… and you could dance to it. It's no accident that his debut album was entitled Pretty Hate Machine, because those three words sum up his music perfectly.
From that first album's original lukewarm reception to the subsequent explosion of underground popularity – thanks to the violent ecstasy of live shows on the band's first promotional tours – the documentary draws on interviews from early Reznor collaborators like Chris Vrenna and Richard Patrick to recount the band's rugged but rapid rise to international fame. It emphasizes key "crossover" moments such as their televised appearance at the 1994 Woodstock revival, during which the mud-encrusted band blasted out songs like Terrible Lie and Reptile to a surging audience of over 70,000 and instantly made them a household name.
Vrenna and Patrick are joined by other musicians including Chemlab's Jared Louche, and music journalists like Classic Rock's Tommy Udo and Revolver's Jon Weiderhorn, to recount many well-known anecdotes that admittedly most serious NIN fans probably know fairly well, particularly surrounding the release of Broken – such as Reznor's antipathy toward his first label TVT (a conflict which many believe inspired the fury-filled tracks from that EP) and his banned video for Happiness in Slavery which featured that notorious torture machine (and still makes me put a protective hand over my junk).
But it also adds some interesting new perspectives and anecdotes, including the story of a DJ putting the EP's first single (and future Grammy-winner) Wish on the air without listening to it first, thus exposing the local airwaves to the words Fist Fuck. Unfortunately there is no mention of the infamous promotional movie for Broken, which was co-directed by Reznor and Throbbing Gristle's Peter Christopherson and designed to look like a serial killer's gory home movies – predating the so-called "torture porn" horror craze by over a decade.
A great deal of the archival Nails footage used here was originally compiled for the official NIN video chronicle Closure, which saw a limited VHS release but has never seen the light of day in DVD format (unless you count the version that Trent allegedly let out via BitTorrent a while back). Most of this footage is of poor quality, but does manage to capture the chaotic energy of the band's first crazed tours, showing Trent and company leaping on each other, swinging from stage rafters and smashing nearly all of their instruments (a tradition they continue today). Sadly, the filmmakers couldn't secure the rights to the hilarious Closure bonus clip of the band lip-synching to Down In It for Dance Party USA (I laughed so hard at that one I did a coffee-noser that might have caused brain damage). There's also excerpts from several early NIN videos, (with the exception of the aforementioned snuff stuff), and concert footage through their With Teeth tour.
The latter section of the doc wisely focuses on Trent's influence on the recording industry and his embracing of new marketing and selling strategies in the wake of his departure from Interscope records following the release of Year Zero. The groundbreaking campaigns for self-released titles Ghosts I-IV and The Slip (both of which yours truly reviewed for these pages) are discussed in detail as examples of the changing landscape of music distribution and Reznor's active role in re-shaping that terrain.
There's not much in the way of extra features, but one very welcome supplement is The Genesis of Industrial, made up of a large section from the Genesis P- Orridge interview in which the artist tells some interesting stories about Throbbing Gristle's early years, and the conversation in which GP-O's catchphrase "Industrial music for industrial people" worked its way into the genre's lexicon. It's a lively and affectionate interview, and Genesis is always fascinating to watch (partly due to his/her "pansexual" gender ambiguity). The only other significant supplements are text bios of various participants. Given the unauthorized nature of the documentary, it's not surprising that there's no additional Nine Inch Nails archival footage, but it's still an unfortunate omission.
Despite the unfortunate lack of participation from Reznor – who no doubt is very protective of his legacy – this is still a fairly informative, wide-reaching project (lengthy too, clocking in at 135 minutes) that should fill in any gaps in knowledge for anyone with more than a passing interest in this transformative artist, and the genre he helped bring to the masses with most of its transgressive attitude and DIY techniques still intact. The story told on this DVD may conclude with the release of The Slip, but hopefully Trent's creative journey will continue, even if the band he made world-famous may soon be put to rest for the foreseeable future.


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Donate to WWF and let your friend or family choose their own thank you gift with
a Gift Adoption card!*
They get to pick from 100 different species!
When you give to WWF on behalf of a friend or family member, you can choose to have us send your
friend a Gift Adoption Card for one $50 level symbolic animal adoption. Your friend can use the
card to choose their own thank you gift from 100 species available. They'll receive these items
with their symbolic adoption:
Your donation supports WWF's conservation efforts worldwide. You'll be helping fund
scientific investigations, habitat preservation, and other programs to preserve
many of the most endangered animals on Earth. And you'll be introducing your friend
or family member to this important work. It's easy and fun to use! Your friend will
get to browse through their mini catalog of animals before going online to choose.
*Gift Adoption Cards are available for $50 donations only and the thank you gift
chosen by the recipient must be an animal adoption at the at the $50 level from
our Adoption Center. Actual animal plush availability may vary. The Gift Adoption
Card entitles your friend to select a thank you gift, while supplies last, for a
completed $50 donation in your friend's honor. It is not a gift card or a debit
card and does not have any stored or cash value.
© 2013 World Wildlife Fund


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The Family Stone, while not a traditional Christmas movie, is a Christmas movie. And as ridiculous as it is, I love it.
The Family Stone, while not a traditional Christmas movie, is a Christmas movie. And as ridiculous as it is, I love it.
Keeper of Nathalie Pechelat's bitchface.
Another not Christmas movie that is great at Christmas. Anyone who has ever been part of a church Christmas pageant will appreciate the clip here. Yay for Simon Birch.
Last edited by mmscfdcsu; 12-12-2010 at 10:16 PM.
Another vote for Come to the Stable; it doesn't get shown nearly often enough.
Best Christmas Pageant Ever is one of my faves.
It's a Wonderful Life - for sure.
And - I always have a craving this time of year to watch Anne of Green Gables.
In fact - I may just do that tonight!
I like most of the movies mentioned here! I'll also add The Family Stone
I for one, actually like The Preacher's Wife. Whitney was starting to show some improvement as an actress and I lurve Denzel and Courtney Vance in it as well. Maybe 'cause I couldn't stand Loretta Young, the remake doesn't bother me so much.
And my personal holiday fave is The Family Stone. One of SJPs best movies ever. Love Diane Keaton in it. It's sad but uplifting at the same time. And wickedly funny.
Count me in for Muppet Christmas Carol, Love Actually, and A Christmas Story as perennial favourites. I've only seen The Family Stone once but I might watch it again this year. Also Elf.
I recently saw a new one from a couple of years go, The Christmas Cottage. I comes across more like a made-for-TV movie even though it wasn't. I'm a certified Christmas sap so I enjoyed it somewhat just for its sentiment, but if I'd watched it at any other time of year I'm not sure I would have been so tolerant. (Mostly I wanted to see it because a. Peter O'Toole and b. it was filmed locally and I know a couple of people who were involved in the production, AND my uncle's house was in it!)
Slightly OT but ... a local theatre company (Arts Club) is doing stage versions of White Christmas and It's a Wonderful Life again this year. I've seen them both before, but they're part of my season's ticket so I'll be seeing them again. The only downside is that then I'm not in the mood to see the movies that year!


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Product Recall: Voluntary recall of 260 cases of Velveeta Original Pasteurized Recipe Cheese Products. Click Here.
18 SKUs of Knudsen Cottage Cheese, 9 SKUs of Breakstone's Cottage Cheese, 5 SKUs of Simply Kraft Cottage Cheese and 2 SKUs of Daily Chef Cottage Cheese. Click Here.
COOK pasta as directed on package, omitting salt.
MEANWHILE, cook onions, garlic and dressing in large skillet on medium-high heat 2 min. or until onions are tender, stirring occasionally. Stir in tomatoes; cook 2 min.
DRAIN pasta. Add vegetable mixture and remaining ingredients; mix lightly.


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By Camille Bielby
CNHI News Service
ANDERSONVILLE, Ga. — Guards jeer from watch towers. Prisoners huddle around flickering fires and gnash hard tack. Sailors complain about thirst and long for home.
Eye-stinging smoke hangs low over a rebuilt corner of Confederate Camp Sumter, as guests shuffle through a living history created by volunteers portraying imprisoned Union soldiers. Visitors from the modern day try not to trip over tent lines and shelters as they make their way through the early evening darkness.
The visitors - nearly 100 of them - see up-close what it must have been like to endure thirst, hunger, cold and overcrowding in Camp Sumter, which became a symbol of the atrocities of the Civil War.
More than 45,000 Union soldiers were imprisoned here during the camp's 14-month existence from February 1864 until the end of the war in April 1865. Nearly 13,000 of those prisoners died, mostly from illness, exposure and starvation.
The volunteers, dressed in period attire, assume characters of actual prisoners who suffered through one of the darkest periods of the nation's history. Many have come from outside the area for the event.
William Summe, originally from Pittsburgh, traveled from his home in Griffin, Ga., to portray a German immigrant. One of his ancestors was a Camp Sumter survivor.
Samuel Leonard, a 9-year-old visitor, asks Summe how many Confederates he fought before he was captured.
Summe keeps a convincing accent in character and replies: "A goodly chunk."
Ryan Freeman, of Columbus, Ga., regales youngsters with tales of how hard it is to stay warm through the cold winter months - even in South Georgia. When not imprisoned in Camp Sumter, Freeman is a high school history teacher working on his master's degree.
The night museum program is designed to give modern-day visitors a unique view of what it means to be a prisoner of war, said Eric Leonard, education and interpretation ranger for Andersonville National Historic Site. Additional programs are scheduled in January and November of next year.
In addition to the living history outside, Civil War historian and author Michael J. Bennett lectured inside a warm museum theater about Confederate prisons in Richmond, Va.
He described the violence of war and how soldiers are affected by learning to kill and destroy. He explained in graphic detail how captured soldiers are "processed" - or robbed and humiliated - setting a cruel precedent for prison guards who were rewarded with paid furloughs for killing prisoners.
The miserable conditions are palpable around the small campfires outside. At one, a group of sailors huddled to cook salt pork and ground corn on a melted-down canteen.
The guards give them little food, the sailors complain, and nothing to cook it with. One pledges to drink the entire pond when he returns to his farm after the war.
"We were captured down around Savannah," a sailor explains. "A cavalry of Confederates came riding up in the middle of the night and took us."
Camille Bielby writes for the Americus, Ga., Times-Recorder.
Fort Gibson
Program recreates life inside infamous Confederate prison
By Camille Bielby
- Fort Gibson
- Cooling for a career: Youth hopes to start air conditioning business
- Spiritual pioneers don't have to be ancient
- Luncheon site will change this week
- Over a cup 07/29/14
- Things to do
- Community calendar
- Under construction: Work ongoing for new stadium entrance
- People must grasp the importance of faith in God
- Super events coming up on the calendar
- Summer reading starts to wind down at library
- More Fort Gibson Headlines


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Swords into Plowshares is the blog of the Peacemaking Program and the Presbyterian Ministry at the United Nations of the Presbyterian Mission Agency of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).
Seeking peace. Striving for justice. Together.
From the World Council of Churches
The World Council of Churches (WCC) is calling its member churches to observe the International Day of Prayer for Peace on Sept. 21.
This year congregations and individuals are invited to pray using the theme of the WCC Assembly, "God of life, lead us to justice and peace." The assembly takes place in Busan, Republic of Korea Oct. 30-Nov. 8.
The International Day of Prayer for Peace is commemorated by the WCC in conjunction with the United Nations-sponsored International Day of Peace on Sept. 21.
"There's fresh news each day of injustice, violence ...
The United Nations has set September 21 as the International Day of Peace. This day provides an opportunity for individuals, organizations and nations to create practical acts of peace on a shared date. It was established by a United Nations resolution in 1981 to coincide with the opening of the General Assembly. The focus for 2013 is Education for Peace.
Here are some ways to celebrate the International Day of Peace on September 21 or Sunday, September 22 or at some other time:
Promote the Peacemaking Offering
Observe a Minute of Silence at Noon in your time zone
Ring your ...
by Marissa Costello
"My purpose is to serve humanity."
Malala Yousafzai
The International Day of Peace was established by the United Nations on September 21 and is observed with celebrations and different events that work toward of peace. This day reminds me that despite all the world's conflicts, people can still contribute to peace through small actions.
Initiatives can be as simple as lighting a candle to pray for peace, to as big as standing up to the Taliban to fight for education like Malala Yousafzai. Malala Yousafzai is an amazing young woman who has fought to bring peace ...
September 21 marks the International Day of Peace this year's theme is Education for Peace.
"It is not enough to teach children how to read, write and count. Education has to cultivate mutual respect for others and the world in which we live, and help people forge more just, inclusive and peaceful societies."
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
100-day countdown message to the International Day of Peace
Each year the International Day of Peace is observed around the world on 21 September. The General Assembly has declared this as a day devoted to strengthening the ideals of peace, both within ...
Grace Bickers, volunteer intern with the Presbyterian Ministry at the United Nations, wrote this reflection.
September 21 was the International Day of Peace, and this year's theme was "Sustainable Peace for a Sustainable Future." The theme was planned to go along with the Rio+20 Conference of Sustainable Development that took place this summer.
The theme urges us to think about the role that the environment and natural resources play in conflict. Questions of ownership and management of these resources, including precious metals and stones, oil, and water, can directly contribute to conflict. Managing these resources in a sustainable ...


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Major: Politics and Philosophy
My fellowship experience
"It is interesting to see the amount of time that needs to be committed to a case before you can consider going to trial. There is an immense amount of time spent on discovery and deposition preparation."
Read more from Matthew's Blog
Matthew Shimanovsky '10
Fellowship Overview
Fellowship Name
Riesen Fellow in Public Affairs
Institute for Justice
Minneapolis, MN
Aims of the Fellowship
The project on which I worked is based upon William Mellor's The Dirty Dozen. My goal was to find and summarize the "dirty dozen" for the state of Minnesota. My job was to do the initial research for the project by reading through cases and trying to find the worst cases decided by the Minnesota Supreme Court.
Faculty Sponsor
Rob Sutherland, Politics