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Since 1995, Kevin Killeen has worked as a reporter for KMOX. He began his career with St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU.
In his current role, he produces the station's morning feature "A Whole 'nother Story" and has written KMOX's original holiday show for about the last 15 years. Now, he's written a book, "Never Hug A Nun," a semi-autobiographical novel about his experiences growing up and going to a Catholic school in Webster Groves during the 1960s.
St. Louis Public Radio is a service of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.


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This regular column is for Dungeon Masters who like to build worlds and campaigns as much as I do. Here I share my experiences as a DM through the lens of Iomandra, my Dungeons & Dragons campaign world. Even though the campaign uses the 4th Edition rules, the topics covered here often transcend editions. Hopefully this series of articles will give you inspiration, ideas, and awesome new ways to menace your players in your home campaigns.
If you're interested in learning more about the world of Iomandra, check out the wiki.
MONDAY NIGHT. Two party members landed in prison for meddling in the affairs of the Vost Miraj, the counterintelligence agency of the Dragovar Empire. The Vost Miraj prefers to incarcerate enemies of the state rather than kill them not only because it's good politics but also because it makes more sense in a world where people can be raised from the dead. The imperial prison-island of Zardkarath, ruled by an adamantine dragon named Mheletros, makes Alcatraz look like a youth hostel.
Conventional DM wisdom suggests that the logical course of action is to plan an adventure around a jailbreak. Not a bad idea, but the party members who aren't behind bars have bigger problems to deal with. I decided to have a good-aligned group of NPCs called the Knights of Ardyn storm the prison to free one of their own members. In the course of doing so, they freed the imprisoned PCs as well. It all happened quite fast, with the prisoners being taken to safety through a portal, and there were a couple good roleplaying moments, as one might expect. But in the end, it was a group of NPCs who brought the PCs back together. You might call that "stealing the party's thunder," but my players weren't complaining. Their characters had more important things to do.
campaign needs to earn the players' respect if it has any chance of survival. Too many potentially awesome campaigns get ripped to shreds by disaffected and disenfranchised players, and for good reason.
In a few weeks, I'll be traveling to Boston for PAX East, and I guarantee there will be DMs in attendance whose campaigns have been turned into chew-toys by players driven to obnoxious behavior. Are your players doing their utmost to sabotage your campaign and make your life behind the DM screen a living hell? Are you players so apathetic to the events of your campaign that they'd rather kill time in a tavern — or set it on fire — than chase a quest? If the answer is yes, I have a good guess as to why: Your NPCs aren't doing their jobs very well.
Last year, I was listening to the DVD commentary that accompanied an episode of Mad Men, the award-winning TV series about commercial advertising in the 1960s. Matthew Weiner, the show's creator and lead writer, hit the nail on the head when he said (and I'm paraphrasing here) that audiences will forgive a character's many faults as long as that character is really good at his or her job. In other words, no one wants to hang around people who are unpleasantly incompetent. I hold that a D&D campaign is no different: If the PCs think they're the only ones capable of doing their jobs well, they see the campaign world as a nightmare and begin to attack it directly. If your players think your NPCs are a bunch of ass-hats and nincompoops, they're doing themselves and you a big favor by setting fire to the world.
If you want your campaign to resonate with players, you need to create a world worth saving. The easiest way to do that is to make the majority of the non-hostile NPCs in your world good at what they do and well disposed toward the adventurers. If the village priest is sympathetic without being sanctimonious, the PCs will care what happens to him and his flock. If the local bartender charges fair prices, tells a good joke, and throws the heroes the occasional free ale, the players will feel less inclined to burn his establishment to the ground. If the king is smart, politically savvy, and fond of adventurers, the players will be more likely to put their characters on the line when the kingdom is threatened than if he's a condescending jerk with no regard for his most worthy subjects. It sounds so simple, but many campaigns are left in shambles by player characters who couldn't, for one reason or another, abide the people they were supposed to protect.
Almost every creature that appears in a typical D&D adventure is dead-set on killing the PCs or making their lives miserable, and most players expect that. (You can't have a campaign without conflict, after all.) However, when the PCs return to town after slaying the dragon, they don't expect the sheriff to treat them like 1st-level chumps or the innkeeper to charge them 1 cp for a good night's sleep. They don't expect the mayor to immediately shove another quest down their throats because the village has proven itself completely unable to defend itself from anything more than a rat infestation.
You want to create a world worth saving? Here are three keys to help you succeed:
Have an NPC show some initiative. Here's a good example: While the characters are investigating a series of murders in a large city, a gang of assassins jumps them in a darkened alley. During the fight, one of the assassins is wounded and flees. Instead of making the PCs chase down the miscreant, have a city guard or helpful passerby tackle the assassin and thwart the escape. Or, have a couple irksome street urchins on a rooftop hurl rocks at the assassin to harry him. Suddenly, it feels like the world is on the party's side for a change!
Have an NPC throw the party a bone. Imagine the party is paying an NPC wizard to craft a magic item or an NPC priest to raise a dead character. In addition to doing what he or she is paid to do, the NPC might throw in a free "upgrade" to the magic item or a free batch of healing potions the party can use at some later date. Of course, you don't need to bribe players with magic items to make them like your world. Even the simplest gesture, such as a farmer tipping his hat to the PCs or offering them fresh apples as they wander by, does the trick.
Have an NPC solve a problem. Hapless NPCs are constantly looking toward the adventurers to solve their problems for them, but players are more inclined to respect an NPC who isn't useless. If a mystery has the party befuddled, an NPC might volunteer a helpful bit of advice that steers the party in the right direction. If the characters visit a town threatened by orcs, an NPC woodsman or scout might single-handedly capture an orc that the heroes can interrogate to find out where its fellow orcs are hiding. The PCs shouldn't have to solve all of the world's problems alone.
Until the next encounter!
—Dungeon Master for Life, Chris Perkins

subset: commoncrawl


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Chris Cooper
Woodward News
Woodward, Okla. —
A bevy of local talent will be featured at the Woodward Artisans League's Holiday Express event as individuals from around the Woodward area put their crafts on display and for sale.
The show is set from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Saturday at the Woodward County Fairgrounds.
Sherry Liston, secretary of the Woodward Artisans League, said "The Artisans League has been around since the mid 70s. It was originally founded to promote the arts in youth throughout Northwest Oklahoma.
"All the money we make goes towards art departments of local schools, we give to the Woodward High School, Woodward Middle School, Mooreland's art department, as well as the Christian Academy's art department."
The Holiday Express is the group's annual winter crafts show and in addition to raising money to support the local arts, also works to showcase the talent of local artists.
"All items featured in a booth are hand crafted by the exhibitor," Liston said. "All the crafts on display are local, and we'll have painted items, sewn items, knitted items, ceramics, woodworking items, even jewelry. The Holiday Express is a great place to go Christmas shopping for some one of a kind items."
Liston herself will be representing the Fiber Fanatics.
"We're a fiber guild and we'll be spinning wool into yarn as well as showing items we've crafted from that wool," she said.
A number of other interesting items will also be displayed.
"We always try to have a nice big assortment of crafts at the event. We do have items geared towards Christmas, but we also have many things people could use year round, and we have some of the best baked goods. We will have cakes, pies, bags of cookies, you can buy some cookies and eat them while you browse the crafts," Liston said.
"There are so many things to see," she added. "We really hope everyone will make an effort to come out and shop local. Its a fun day, people can come out, see some unique items made by local talent, shop for Christmas, and try our delicious baked goods."
Booths are still available, so any locals looking to showcase their talent are encouraged to contact the Artisans League at 256-6380.


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- O Hydrolix™ fabric headband prevents sweat from getting in your eyes
- Anti–UV treatment blocks out the sun's harmful rays
- Curve brim with black undervisor reduces glare
- Adjustable back closure allows for a custom fit
Golf Hat
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Made to keep sun and sweat at bay through 18 holes, the Golf Hat is an essential course accessory in a curved–brim profile. The hat features an O Hydrolix™ sweatband that helps prevent distractions from moisture and a snap closure in back so you can customize the fit. A black undervisor reduces glare, while a raised embroidered logo offers premium athletic style.
Your satisfaction is guaranteed. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, please call Customer Care for a Return Authorization (RA) number within 90 days of receipt of product (15 days for wearable electronics). Customized product or product that has been abused may not be returned under any circumstances. For all other products, if the item is returned in the original packaging, we will exchange it or provide you a refund based on your original method of payment. The product must be returned to us within 30 calendar days of the issuance of the Return Authorization Number. All products must be packed in the original, unmarked packaging including any accessories, manuals, documentation and registration that was included with the product. Returns that do not meet these conditions may be subject to a restocking fee.
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You must request a Return Authorization number for electronic products within 15 days of the date of original purchase. Securely package items as we are not responsible for any items lost or damaged in transit.
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Unless prohibited by law, a 10% restocking fee will be charged for all wearable electronics when the factory seal has been broken.
Additional fees will be charged for any product missing the original box, packaging material, contents, accessories, and/or manuals (i.e. any product not in "sellable" condition).
Note: Items purchased from an Authorized Oakley retailer must be returned to the place of purchase.


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Glamour Shaggy Rug in 3 size options.
Please note: orders placed before 12pm will be delivered on the next working day unless otherwise stated. Orders placed after 12pm may take 2 working days.
Give your floors a touch of glamour with this luxurious, ultra silky shaggy rug that was meant to be walked all over!
Specially hand made to bring out a deep, soft pile, the fabric has a reflective quality that shimmers when the light hits it.
Available in several fashionable colours, it's easy to find a Glamour Shaggy Rug that will sit neatly within your existing decor.
Useful info:
- Glamour shaggy rug
- Rich, silk-like pile
- Subtly reflects light
- 3 sizes available
- More rugs available separately
- Glamour shaggy rug
A laminate floor whose appearance matches its touch: completely natural. Kaindl Natural Touch is based on synchronisation technology which matches the surface structure with the relevant decor image. Even an expert would thus have trouble discerning the difference to a wooden surface. This relaxed and traditional laminate is slip and stain resistant, and is micro beveled for a more authentic look. Fits together with a locking joint system. 1.28 sqm per pack. Each plank 1380mm x 116mm x 10mm. 8 pieces per pack. Comes with manufacturers 30 year domestic warranty. Once cut to size, this item is non-returnable. For help and advice regarding this product, call 0871 250 8090.Colours: Rustic Oak, Walnut, Zebrano.
Bring a taste of the Mediterranean to your home with our Stoneline range of laminate flooring. Create the stunning effect of a beautifully laid stone floor without the painstaking task of laying individual tiles. 2.51 sqm per pack. Each plank 1276 x 327 x 8mm. 6 pieces per pack. Fits together with a locking joint system. For help and advice regarding this product, please call 0871 250 8090. Comes with manufactures 15 year domestic warranty. Please note that once cut to size, this item is non-returnable.Colours: Anthracite, Stone.
7mm Kronofix Plank Laminate Flooring - the look of hardwood at a far more affordable price
Get the appearance of real wood at a far more manageable price with this Kronofix plank laminate flooring.
Durable and easy to care for, laminate not only has the realistic look of hardwood but also the feel thanks to the specially grained surface texture.
A twin-clic locking joint system makes it fast and simple to install, while resistance to heavy use ensures it's an ideal way to deck the floors of busy homes.
Kronofix 7mm plank laminate flooring is suitable for underfloor heating systems and comes with a 10-year manufacturers warranty.
2.47 metres square per pack. Each plank 1285 x 192 x 7mm. 10-pieces per pack.
Useful info:
- Wood-effect finishes: Classic Oak, Traditional Oak, Walnut
- Kronofix plank laminate flooring
- 7mm thick
- Easy twin-clic installation
- Resistant to heavy use
- 2.47 metres square per pack (10-pieces per pack)
- Dimensions per plank: 1285 x 192 x 7mm
- More laminate flooring available separately
For help and advice regarding this product, please call 0871 250 8090. FREE Swatch Service - simply click on the Request a Free Swatch link or call the phone number at the top of this page and quote: SD386.
Please note: that once cut to size, this item is non-returnable.Colours: Light Oak Effect, Walnut Effect.
- Wood-effect finishes: Classic Oak, Traditional Oak, Walnut
Thomas & Friends Express Rug – 84 x 67cm
You can give your little Thomas fan's branch line a make over with this cool Thomas the Tank Engine rug.
The machine washable pile is soft yet durable enough to take whatever your little one throws at it – which is good as they'll be racing round their room to put things right on Sodor! The train shaped rug is designed to look just like Thomas in his signature colours and it will look great on the floor next to their bed.
Useful info:
- Thomas & Friends Express Rug
- Durable pile
- Dimensions 84 x 67cm
- Machine washable
Hudson Supreme Shaggy Rug in 6 size options
Please note: orders placed before 12pm will be delivered on the next working day unless otherwise stated. Orders placed after 12pm may take 2 working days.
Give your floor a makeover with the colourful, comfortable Hudson Supreme shaggy rug.
The thick, deep pile is soft under foot, and it comes in a rich palette of colours - from sassy red to luxurious latte - so you'll have no trouble finding one to suit your taste and decor.
The Hudson Supreme shaggy rug is also available in 6 size options, ensuring there's one to fit any room in your home (make your choice by clicking the 'select size' drop-down box when ordering).
A great value way to dress up carpets, laminate flooring and tiles.
You can also buy a circular version of this rug (item number LK487), as well as a runner (item number SG515), which are available separately.
Please note: This rug is not shed free but regular vacuuming and shaking will help maintain appearance.
Useful info:
- Hudson Supreme shaggy rug
- Deep, thick pile
- Wide colour and size range
- Circular rug and runner available separately
Colours: Black, Chocolate, Cream, Hot Pink, Latte, Olive, Purple, Red, Teal, Orange, Grey. Polyester. Professional clean only.
Greek Key Flatweave Runner
- Price
- £27.00
- In Stock
28 reviews
- Delivery
Greek Key Flatweave Runner - 67 x 200 cm
Tough, durable flatweave rug with a classic Greek key design - ideal for hallways and other narrow spaces.
It comes in a smart colour selection or warm tones that really shows off the Greek key pattern.
A standard rug in three size options is also available in the same design (see item number YH6U3).
Useful info:
- Blocks flatweave runner
- 67 x 200 cm
- Hard-wearing polypropylene flatweave
- Eye-catching Greek key pattern
- Standard rug available separately
Camper Van Door Mat
- Price
- £12.00
- In Stock
28 reviews
- Delivery
Hardwearing natural coir doormat with printed design with PVC backing. Suitable for indoor and covered outdoor use.
Size: 40 x 70 cm.
Naples Shaggy Wave Rug in 4 size options
Give your room a luxurious, contemporary finishing touch with the Naples rug, which offers plush fabric, luscious colours and a stylish pattern.
In a choice of plum, chocolate or grey, the rug flaunts a contemporary wave design in a co-ordinating shade. The sumptuously soft shaggy pile, meanwhile, feels deliciously warm underfoot.
The rug is available in the following sizes:
- 60 x 110 cm
- 80 x 150 cm
- 120 x 170 cm
- 160 x 230 cm
Useful info:
- Naples Shaggy Wave Rug
- Soft shaggy pile
- Wave design
- 3 colour choices available
- 4 size options available
- Surface shampoo only
Plain Wool Rug – 100 x 150 cm
A great value way to inject some luxury into your home, this hand tufted wool rug is so deliciously soft underfoot you'll be casting aside your slippers.
It comes in a varied colour palette with something for everyone, whether your space is neutral chic or bold and dramatic. It features a subtle carved effect border to give it an extra dimension of style too.
Size: 100 x 150 cm.
Useful info:
- Plain Wool Rug
- Dimensions: Lgth 150, W 100 cm
- Hand tufted wool
- Carved effect border
- 5 colour options available
- Dry clean only
Spiderman City Rug
Your little one's Spidey senses will be tingling when he sees this fun rug featuring his favourite superhero.
The circular rug features Spiderman's iconic red mask against a vivid blue backdrop. It's perfect for adding a splash of colour to your little superhero's lair.
To give your child's room a full Spidey makeover, a matching duvet cover set, fleece blanket and cushion are available separately.
Useful info:
- Spiderman City rug
- Feature's Spiderman's mask against a vivid blue background
- Circular shape
- Co-ordinating items available separately
Genuine Sheepskin Wool Rug in 2 size options.
Lay a little luxury across your floor with this genuine wool sheepskin rug.
The colour palette is just as classy (choose black, mink, plum or teal), and there's one to suit any style of home, from traditional to contemporary.
We also have a version of this rug available in natural colour - see item number SF781.
Useful info:
- Sheepskin rug
- Size: 60 x 170 cm
- Genuine wool at a great price
- Smartly shaped; elegant colour options


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About the Author
Mike Wilkening
Senior editor
Recent posts by Mike Wilkening
Related Stories
For the Ravens' special teams, it's been an up-and-down season. First, the good news: The Ravens were second in the NFL in kickoff-return average (26.2). Also, Baltimore finished in the top 10 in opponent punt- and kickoff-return average. Now, the bad news: Field goals for the Ravens have too often been an adventure. Steve Hauschka struggled and was released in November, and replacement Billy Cundiff hit just 12-of-17 field-goal attempts in the regular season. Both of Cundiff's misses in the season finale at Oakland, however, came after inaccurate snaps from LS Matt Katula that P Sam Koch, the holder, did well to place down. Katula, who has battled tendinitis in his right elbow, figures to get every chance to be the long-snapper going forward, the way we hear it, and Cundiff has also done well in the Ravens' estimation, we're told. But like last season, the Ravens have had more problems than expected converting field goals.
PFW has launched its brand-new NFL Draft Newsletter series, with the second issue now ready for mailing. Produced by PFW's player personnel department under the direction of Nolan Nawrocki, the series consists of four information-packed issues. For more info or to subscribe — click here for PDF e-pub or here for print format.


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Journal Article
Predicting suitable environments and potential occurrences for coelacanths (Latimeria spp.). Biodiversity and Conservation. 21(2):577-587. Abstract. 2012.
To log in to the site, you will need your Biodiversity Institute domain username and password. If you do not know this username and password, contact the help desk at 785.864.4684 or email@example.com


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Friday night's 28th annual Imagen Awards will honor Latinos in all forms of media, and competing for the coveted trophy are some of Hollywood's best! In the Best Actor in Television category are Benjamin Bratt, Guillermo Diaz, Jon Huertas and Danny Pino. The Latinas in the Best Supporting Actress in Television category are Jordana Brewster, Julie Gonzalo, Constance Marie, Gina Torres, Aubrey Plaza and Wanda De Jesus. Other Imagen nominees include Selena Gomez, Bella Thorne and George Lopez. Jenni Rivera will get the post-mortem special on her legacy, and her show I Love Jenni is up for Best Primetime Program, Special or Movie of the Week.
Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!


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Latest News
Haiti to launch cholera vaccination with PAHO/WHO support
Haiti is set to vaccinate 200,000 people in three departments against cholera starting in August, with support from the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO).
PAHO/WHO receives U.N. emergency funds to restore water and sanitation in flooded areas of Paraguay
The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) will channel $715,000 from the United Nations' Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for a project to restore clean water and sanitation services in two departments of Paraguay that were affected by flooding in recent months.
More News
Dominican Republic is first country in the Americas to publish guidelines for clinical management of chikungunya
Countries of the Americas hold national consultations to make universal health coverage a regional priority
WHO: People most at risk of HIV are not getting the health services they need
PAHO/WHO urges countries to reduce salt intake to prevent hypertension and heart disease
Caribbean countries discuss establishment of a centralized generic medicines registry process to improve access to essential drugs


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You are here
International Day of Peace
The United Nations INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PEACE
September 21 is the United Nations "International Day of Peace." 3HO® Foundation International invites you celebrate this day in honor and support of the Peace work of the United Nations, with 3HO's commitment to peace in our hearts and peace throughout our planet.
3HO offers the Meditation for Peace with Matamandir Singh, and the 3HO International Kundalini Yoga Teachers Association (IKYTA) offers a CEU Curriculum that Teachers can share with their students (brought to you by Guru Singh Khalsa and the IKYTA team).
May this be a Day of Peace for All.
Meditation for Peace
Class Curriculum for the International Day of Peace


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MOORE — The game had been over for close to an hour, and coach Mike Stoops was still perplexed. The Sooners' defensive coordinator couldn't explain why safety Gabe Lynn was called for targeting in the first half of Oklahoma's 51-21 win over Tulsa.
"I thought he hit him clean with his shoulder," Stoops said. "I don't understand why that's a foul. That's what he's taught to do. It's an overreaction to all this. And that's what you're afraid of as coaches, players. They are scared. That's what we teach them, to go low. Maybe he targeted too high."
Late in the first quarter, the Golden Hurricane had driven down the field deep into Oklahoma territory. On third, Lynn smashed Tulsa running back Trey Watts in the end zone to prevent a touchdown.
However, Lynn was flagged for targeting and by rule was thrown out of the games and assessed a 15-yard penalty. Also by rule, the play was reviewed and it was deemed Lynn didn't hit Franks with his helmet but with his shoulder pads.
The ejection was overturned, but the 15-yard penalty stayed in place and Tulsa had first and goal at the Sooners' 6-yard line. Two plays later Watts scored to close Oklahoma's lead to 10-7.
"That was very disappointing," Oklahoma's Charles Tapper said. "Especially for the defensive line. We didn't get enough push. Right there that was basically on us. I felt like the referee made a good call at first. He just didn't notice that he made the play with his shoulder, not his helmet."
The touchdown ended up being meaningless in the fact the Sooners still won by 31 points. However, the play itself in which Lynn was called for targeting, could have further reaching effects on the team.


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TRAVERSE CITY — Philip W. Morley, 71, of Traverse City, passed away at home on Feb. 18, 2013, with his loving wife, Melissa, by his side, and is now at home with his Lord, Jesus.
Philip was born in Detroit on Dec. 2, 1941, grew up in Pleasant Ridge and graduated from Ferndale High School in 1960, where he married Melissa, his high school sweetheart, that same year.
Philip was the owner of Robinwood Press in Traverse City for 28 years and retired in 2003.
He loved golf, classic cars and spending time with his grandchildren. He also was a fan of all sports, but his pride and joy was his family. Known as "Papa" to his grandchildren, Philip always had time to play. He had a deep affection for the family pets over the years and loved all animals.
He really enjoyed the Traverse City Kiwanis Club, and anyone who spent time with Phil would quickly learn of his sense of humor. Eager to introduce himself, he was always friendly and fun to be with; his open and honest personality will be remembered by all.
He will be dearly missed by family and friends; he was a truly wonderful husband and father. Phillip is survived by his wife, Melissa, who was his caregiver for 10 years; his sons, Michael (Lori) and Mark; his grandsons, Christopher and Jack; his sister, Pam Rumley; his brother, Bob (Sharen); and his four-legged buddy, Toby.
Visitation will be today, Feb. 20, from 5 until 8 p.m., at Reynolds Jonkhoff Funeral Home. Funeral services will be held Friday, Feb. 22, 2013, at 11:30 a.m., at Roseland Cemetery in Berkley, with visitation from 11 a.m. until the time of the service.
In lieu of flowers, the family would appreciate that contributions be made to the Alzheimer's Association, 921 W. 11th St., Ste. 1W, Traverse City, MI 49686; or the Cherryland Humane Society, 1750 Ahlberg Road, Traverse City, MI 49686.
Please share thoughts with the family at www.reynolds-jonkhoff.com.
The family is being served by the Reynolds-Jonkhoff Funeral Home.


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Thursday, July 20, 2006
© Copyright 2014 Gwinnett Daily Post
ATLANTA - Ralph Reed complained for weeks leading up to his defeat Tuesday in the Republican primary for lieutenant governor that the news media weren't paying attention to the issues.He had trotted out dozens of pages of position papers on a wide range of subjects, from the need for a cap on state spending to his plan to reduce state income taxes. But all the newspapers and his opponent, state Sen. Casey Cagle, wanted to talk and write about was Reed's business ties with disgraced Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff. "He became the issue in the campaign,'' said Merle Black, a political science professor at Emory University. "It was all about Ralph Reed.'' In the end, it was work Reed's Duluth-based consulting firm did on behalf of Abramoff's clients that halted the longtime political strategist's first run at elective office. Cagle, R-Gainesville, defeated Reed by a surprisingly large margin, carrying nine of the 10 counties with the most Republican votes. On Wednesday, with results tabulated in 97 percent of the state's precincts, Cagle had amassed 56.1 percent of the vote, to 43.9 percent for Reed. In November, Cagle will meet the winner of an Aug. 8 runoff for the Democratic nomination between former state Rep. Jim Martin and former state Sen. Greg Hecht. For Cagle, a 12-year veteran of the Senate, Tuesday's win was a reward for perseverance. The rest of a handful of Republicans who were considering making a bid for lieutenant governor had second thoughts after Reed entered the race two years ago. Reed had gained a reputation as an invincible political operative and prodigious fundraiser, first as national chairman of the Christian Coalition and later as Georgia's Republican chairman and a leading campaign strategist for both President Bush and his father before him. Cagle was virtually unknown outside his Hall County-based Senate district. "Casey has always been underestimated,'' said Sen. David Shafer, R-Duluth, who recruited Cagle to run for the General Assembly when Shafer was serving as the state GOP's executive director. "Very few people gave Casey a chance in 1994. ... But he won a tremendous upset victory that year.'' Cagle lined up Shafer and about 20 other Republican senators to form the backbone of his campaign for lieutenant governor, a position whose only duty under Georgia's Constitution is to preside over the Senate. A host of other state and local Republican elected officials also lent their support. Reed, on the other hand, determined to rely on an ability to muster grass-roots support that had always paid off for him in the past. But supporters say it didn't work this time because of a constant barrage of negative publicity stemming from his work for Abramoff, who was convicted early this year for bribing public officials. After a two-year investigation, a U.S. Senate committee released a report last month alleging that Reed's company received $5.3 million from two Indian tribes to build opposition to proposed casinos that would have competed with those tribes' gambling operations. Reed said Abramoff assured him that none of that money was derived from the tribes' gambling income. Sen. Cecil Staton, R-Macon, said the controversy apparently prompted many religious conservatives who would have supported Reed to stay home. Indeed, the Cagle-Reed race drew more than 200,000 fewer voters than cast ballots two years ago in the U.S. Senate Republican primary contest between then-U.S. Rep. Johnny Isakson - the eventual winner - and two opponents. "I think (Cagle) was able to take advantage of what was being reported to leave in the minds of many values voters enough doubts to keep them at bay, and they didn't show up,'' Staton said.
More like this story
- Reed wages battle for political future ( January 8, 2006 )
- Reed loses supporters to Cagle ( January 22, 2006 )
- Perdue's arrow up; Reed's down ( January 15, 2006 )
- Cagle poll gives him lead over Reed ( May 23, 2006 )
- Baggage aside, Reed's resume is compelling ( April 9, 2006 )


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Posted at 2:56PM on February 9th 2013 by gloria
happy birthday to you ellen
Posted at 1:09PM on January 31st 2013 by Hajara Sulaiman
Am so obsessed with your programme dat even my 1year old notices when the show is started. Your are hilarious,generous and entertaining.lots to learn from you, happy birthday to you
Posted at 10:34AM on January 31st 2013 by Donna Poehlmann
Ellen. Where does a person need to go to find tickets for our show I have googled it and come up. With all sorts of addresses I would do anything to get a. Backseat at one of your shows I just want to come see you and your crew . Sorry for this text as I just got this phone so I cold Get up with timeS. But. This dam. Typing board is so smAll for my big fingers. as I been at this all And hope. You can help. Me. Donna. I want to Facebook. And this tweeter. Thing. But have not figured how
Posted at 8:47PM on January 30th 2013 by Marvin & Ellie Robbins
Hi Ellen I am sorta put out over the fact that I know my gift to you ( a PAINTED WINE GLASS ) with your image and clothes which I create for many people was received according to USPS at the address specified for mailing of gifts and was never shown or acknowleged. I realize your show is not obligated to contact anyone or show gift , I would have liked to had a comment on my gift which I spent the greater part of the day to make and is usable as a wine glass. We watch your show every day and love both you and the show. If you read this , thanks for your time. Marv & Ellie
Posted at 7:34PM on January 30th 2013 by Tamlyn Teow
Hi Ellen's staff, Sorry for bugging you again, but this is the address i sent the painting to: The Ellen DeGeneres Show PO Box 7788 Burbank, CA 91522 ATTN: Fan Mail Was that right? Or did I have to send it to the one for Ellen's bust? Would you be able to send me an email if you did receive it?
Posted at 7:29PM on January 30th 2013 by Tamlyn Teow
Hi Ellen, just wanted to say happy birthday again! I sent in a satchel with a painting of the gentle barn via registered post. There is no tracking and I am not sure if you received it? I am from Perth Western Australia and hope you did receive that along with a note for both you and Portia! Take care!
Posted at 8:45PM on January 28th 2013 by Tamara Hansen
Hey Ellen, hope you had an awesome b-day. It looks like you got many wonderful busts. So many artists!!! I sent you one, but didn't see it anywhere. I hope it made it in one piece!!!! Love your show!!!!
Posted at 5:24PM on January 28th 2013 by Belinda Mercy
It's Belinda again...I meant 16!! I liked 16 the best!
Posted at 12:00PM on January 28th 2013 by MICHELE GMITROWSKI
Posted at 4:30AM on January 28th 2013 by Ghada
Happy birthday ellen :'( I love you <3
Posted at 3:30AM on January 28th 2013 by Ellen Pilot
Happy Birthday Ellen, Many happy days ahead.
Posted at 10:29PM on January 27th 2013 by kathy smith
When you need a smile, a different perspective, when you need to get back in touch with laughter the way you can remember;watch "The Ellen Show", She has what it takes! Happy Birthday from your Texas fans!
Posted at 3:57PM on January 26th 2013 by Betty
Happy Birthday To You Ellen. Continue to make us laugh and dance. All the best in this coming year and made you have many more.
Posted at 3:24PM on January 26th 2013 by Anna Goudreau
Hello Ellen, My name is Anna Goudreau. I watch your show every day with my sister. I saw how kind you are and I want to tell you about an anti-bullying organization called Sweethearts and Heroes. It's like a team to stop bullying. I have been bullied for 6 years and I never want anyone to feel that pain ever again. Actually one thing I lost was self confidence. I wear a sweatshirt everyday because I've been called fat a lot. I don't like to talk much to new people because I've had been called obnoxious. Scars are left but I'm happy because of my friends and family and another person, he's important to me, his name, I call him Coach Spector because he's a coach at my school, Oliver W. Winch Middle school. You know what he said to me? "I know you're a quiet and soft-spoken person but in your emails, they feel powerful. I sense a leader inside of you." I hope to talk to you again soon! Anna Goudreau
Posted at 10:41AM on January 26th 2013 by Rhoda
happy birthday to you and have many more
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5 bedrooms3 baths/1 partials 3563 Sq Feet | 331 Sq M
When you enter the gate of this magnificent property, "Still Pines" you realize you are home. The beautifully landscaped grounds, the Carriage Ho... Read More


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"St. Paul Flatbread--more than a bread.
It's an experience in fine eating!"
Phone 651-291-8700
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Check out some of our favorite holiday recipes you can use with St Paul Flatbread, garlic and other Mid-Eastern ingredients. Click here to see our favorite recipes.
You can now buy St Paul Flatbread in five delicious flavors. Beside the traditional white bread, you can now get St. Paul Flatbread in four popular flavors:
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St. Paul Flatbread offers you four different ways to order this unique dining experience.
Click the type of order you would like to make from the Order Menu on the right side of the page and you will be taken to the appropriate ordering page.
To learn more about the traditions of St. Paul Flatbread, click on the Flatbread Traditions Tab on the page.
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Enjoy your visit on our website. For more details about our St. Paul location, click here St. Paul Flatbread


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Need batteries? Ice? Food? A place to charge your laptop and see your neighbors?
We still haven't found ice here, but Con Edison announces they will began distribution of dry ice at Yonkers Raceway on Wednesday with other Westchester locations to come.
Add your needs in the comments. If you are a business that has supplies, let us know here or email email@example.com and we'll let people know you are open.
For example, DeCicco Market in Harrison has been offering residents a place to store frozen foods and recharge their cell phones and laptops.
Share other places here, or post them on our Facebook page.


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The Buffalo developer won past accolades for turning ratty downtown buildings into apartments and retail space.
But when a worker fell to his death last week at a Pearl Street site that Rocco R. Termini is renovating, the tragedy triggered breaking news almost daily.
Today, we've published a story indicating some police officers claim they saw several construction workers putting up a safety railing moments after Jonathan Fundalinski fell to his death.
Previously, a city inspector claimed First Deputy Mayor Steven M. Casey intervened on Termini's behalf, overruling the inspectors' push a month before the death to halt work on the Webb Building project.
On the same day Mayor Byron W. Brown denied that Casey stopped inspectors, the FBI launched a probe. And city officials disclosed Tuesday that federal investigators want to see records pertaining to all Termini projects since Brown became mayor in 2006.
Coincidentally, Termini was scheduled for sentencing in Buffalo Housing Court Tuesday after being found guilty last year in a case involving a property on Oak Street. The court said he failed to get an occupancy certificate before he let tenants move into the apartment complex.
The judge fined Termini and his company $3,000.
The controversy swirling around Termini and City Hall doesn't seem to be fading any time soon.
- Brian Meyer


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'Sup y'all?! SolidSexyCool BahaGirl trynna get trim. Hit me up sometime. I need some encouragement.
Update: 3rd June, 2009 - Lost and gained about 20lbs a year ago.
I have now decided to use the Nutrition and Fitness Tracker. So far in the last month I have lost about 11lbs. The spark trackers and members have been a great help thus far. Thank you!
Update: 15th June, 2009 - Finally started exercising two weeks ago. Feelin da burn and losing some ...
'Sup y'all?! SolidSexyCool BahaGirl trynna get trim. Hit me up sometime. I need some encouragement.
Update: 3rd June, 2009 - Lost and gained about 20lbs a year ago.
I have now decided to use the Nutrition and Fitness Tracker. So far in the last month I have lost about 11lbs. The spark trackers and members have been a great help thus far. Thank you!
Update: 15th June, 2009 - Finally started exercising two weeks ago. Feelin da burn and losing some inches!
Update: 22nd June, 2009 - I'm beginning my 4th week on SI6, now on Phase 2 - Ramp It Up! SI6 combined with eating healthier and watching my portion sizes brought me really close to my first goal! :) This from da girl dat can't stand exercisin.
Update: 3rd July, 2009 - End of 5th week on SI6. lost 14lbs and about 13 inches. Working on reaching my 2nd goal. Purchased 3 sexy shoes today. Can't wait to wear them!
Update: 17th July, 2009 - End of 7th week on SI6. Lost 4 more lbs. Down 31lbs all together! Up to 1hr. workouts! Lost about 5 more inches all over. Looking forward to end of July to see if I can zip up my new size 18 capris. I can't believe that I was able to pull them up over my thighs and butt.
Update: 1st December, 2009 - Good News/Bad News. Bad news - I have not tracked my nutrition or fitness consistently since school opened for my son in September.
Worse news - I have not tracked AT ALL for the past 2 months.
Worst news - I have been eating things I know I shouldn't AND in the last few months, there have been 1 to 2 weeks at a time when I have not exercised AT ALL! I also found a breast lump. :(
GOOD NEWS - Despite my inactivity, I did have weeks and days when I did exercise and I kept semi-active on the weekends. I also kept most of my NEW good eating habits and I am now at my third goal of 45lbs lost. I must get my reward of silver earrings this weekend! I also found out that the lump was not a lump but an enlarged, inflamed lymph node (which has since gone down with meds).
Update: 15th December, 2009 - Sparkers! I actually rocked my size 18 capris (never mind that i couldnt button it) this past weekend. I felt so splexy. lol On top of that I am having some of my clothes and my uniform taken in. Also I have began putting my uniform shirt in my pants, something I have never done in seven (7) years of working for this company!! Cool right? Now I have to find a cute belt. I also set a end of year goal to lose 55lbs. I am currently 8lbs and 2 weeks away.
Update: 8th January, 2010 - WhooHoo I have now lost 55lbs and only one week behind schedule! Currently doing 100 pushup challenge, at the end of week 2. Doin the modified pushups. Bout to go buy my reward of a 2 toned, mother of pearl face watch. I haven't worn a watch in about a decade.
Something else I am stoked about. I was looking for something to wear to a job interview. I decided to try on a skirt suit that is about 12 years old and it fit!!!!! The jacket is too tight when I button it, but I dont know the last time I got that buttoned. Anyway gatta go. I will now work on my next mini goal to lose another 10lbs by the end of January.
Update: 16th March, 2010 - Wow! Its been a while. I've hit a slight plateau. Still not at 65lbs lost yet. Keep going between 60 and 62 lbs lost. When I read this back I am amazed at myself that in December I was excited about fitting in a size 18 pants and I am now wearing a size 14 dress!! WhoHoo! I'm almost at the end of Jillian Michael's 30 Day Shred and will start Shaun T's Rockin Body. I will bust thru this plateau!
STARTING AFRESH! - January 4th 2011
Bad News: I have had endured a plateau throughout most of 2010. I have actually gained 5lbs from November to now.
Good News: I am not freaking out. I am still confident that I will meet my goals. Why? SparkPeople has given me the secrets to weightloss success!! So I will lace up my tennis, log my weight and inches anew, endeavour to stick to the 80/20 rule and encourage myself to start tracking my nutrition again!
OK, SO.....Here I am 'getting back up' again! MAY 2013
I have no idea where 2 years have gone. I just know I am in the fight, full force again. I am currently mid way through C25K and I am loving it! Who knew that running could be addictive. I am back to once again do what it takes to lose these inches and look splexy in my clothes.
I know what works -
1. A Healthy, well balanced diet. (within a calorie range based on fitness activity)
2. Tracking what you eat and drink.
3. Exercise - Cardio and Strength Training and staying active at other times.
4. Reduce Sugar and Salt intake.
5. Stay motivated to do all the above.
Now I wish someone could help me with number 5.
Update: 17th June, 2013
With the above points and training to run a 5k as well as eating more meatless meals I have lost 5lbs and some inches. I have a new goals of inches to lose below:-
GOAL - To fit in Classique Jacket size Large
4 inches in upper arm right
4 " left (lost 1 - 17/2/14)
6 inches in waist (lost 3.6 - 17/2/14)
10 inches in Muffin top (lost 3.6 - 17/2/14)
7 inches in chest (lost 2.5 - 17/2/14)
10 inches in thigh right (lost 1.5 - 17/2/14)
10 " left (lost 1.75 - 17/2/14)
15 inches in hip (lost 2.6 - 17/2/14)
4 inches in calf right
4 " left
3 inches in neck (lost 0.55 - 17/2/14)
77 inches total
How will I accomplish this?
Start up S L I M I N 6 again.
Continue training to run a 5k. Work on my speed.
Eat more vegetables. Maybe a salad a day.
Keep salt and sugar intake to a minimum.
Limit the amount of meat I consume.
UPDATE - November 25, 2013 - currently still trying to fire on all cylinders. Haven't started SI6 yet but I am joining my team challenges, tracking my meals, limiting my sugar intake, walking/jogging 3 miles, 3 times a week (woohoo)!! Weightloss has started up again. Back to 40lbs lost.
Since my last update I have lost about 15lbs. So I am now down 55lbs in total. This has been a rough year so far when it comes to weight loss. I keep fluctuating and I am working so HARD! Here is what I have been doing:-
1. Walking/Jogging twice a week, 3 to 4 miles minimum each time. I have also added bursts of Sprinting to that because I read that it helps to burn fat. I might add that this includes 2 bridges. I trudge/speed walk over one at the beginning of my workout and the other at the end.
2. Cycling 3 times a week, either 4, 6 or 8 miles at a time.
3. Playing (or should I say fumbling to play) Tennis twice a week (in the middle of two of my cycle days), anywhere from 20 minutes to 2 hours at a time with my son.
Please note that I rest on Wednesdays and Sundays.
4. On the eating front I have gone from having 3 balanced meals with two healthy snacks a day eating less meat to now a Moderate Protein / Low Carb way of eating with NO Snacks during the week. I might add that when I say Low Carb I mean no Starchy Carbs. No bread, flour, potatoes, rice, pasta. I am still within in my carb range according to my tracker. I get most of my carbs from fruits and nuts. I am still off sugar and desserts. I eat fruits for desserts.
5. I have a fledgling start in strength training and as I write this I realize that this may be my secret to consistent weightloss. I now have 5lb weights and a medium resistance band. I have yet to work those into my schedule on a regular basis.
6. I have as a goal to run as many Fun Runs and Charity Races that come my way this year. I have already done the Susan G. Komen 5K Race For The Cure (which I was training for all last year) and I also did a Fun Run with the Bahamas heart Association (my first time with the runners).
7. I have joined a few Team challenges here on SP and I have even begun to tackle the emotional side of my eating with the book "100 Days To Weightloss" by Linda Spangle and doing a book discussion with my Emotional Eaters Team.
8. I am also about to join a New Year New You Fitness challenge at work next week. It will be for 10 Weeks and it's in conjunction with a local gym. They will work us out so I am looking forward to that. Zumba, Spinning and Class Aerobics!
My Goal this year is to get to Onderland. I. Will. Do. It. Even if I have to scrape my way through and come out the other end with bloody nails. I will do it. I am not giving up because I do not want to lose ground and have to start over.
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My Goals:
Lose 150lbs by end of 2014
Cut out fast/fried foods
Cut out sodas - DONE
Lose 100 inches all over.
25lbs - Manicure **MET 3 July 09**
35lbs - $20 Avon Spree - lose by 7 Aug 09 **MET 14 Aug 09**
45lbs - Silver Earring **MET 11 Nov 09**ReMET 2 Jan 14**
55lbs - Mother of Pearl Watch **MET 8th Jan, 2010** ReMET 22nd Feb, 2014**
65lbs - Silver Ring **MET 10th Apr, 2014**
75lbs - Perfume Set
85lbs - Pearl Bracelet
95lbs - Pearl Necklace
105lbs - Gold/Diamond Earring
115lbs - KillerSexyStrappyShoes
125lbs - go to Six Flags! ~ by July 2010 ~ better start saving now.
135lbs - Tanzanite & Diamond Ring
145lbs - New Wardrobe
155lbs - Trip to Exotic Locale (see Eqypt) ~ by October 2010 ~
29 Inches in Waist
45 Inches in Hips
36 Inches in Chest
25 Inches in Thighs
9 Inches Upper Arms
Reward - New Wardrobe, Glamour Photo Shoot & CUTE Workout Cl
My Program:
Tracking my Nutrition.
Slim in 6 (exercise program only)
Core Rhythms
Jillian Michaels Banish Fat Boost Metabolism
Spark People Workout Videos
Hip Hop Abs
30 Day Shred
Shaun T's Rockin Body
Beachbody's Insanity!!
Couch 2 5K (2013)
100 Days of Weight-Loss Challenge (Book by Linda Spangle) 2014
Cycling & Spinning
Aerobics Classes
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I'm a Bahama Mama. Love the Sun, Sand and Sea of the beautiful Bahamas!
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they are the charming gardeners who make our souls
blossom. ― Marcel Proust
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Thanks for your encouragement on my thread
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thanks for the encouragement! This back/neck/nerves problem is not anything one can see, but it is so daily when it acts up. Will stick with my plan and do the best I can each day. We can do this!
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Sometimes the road of life takes us to a place we had planned....
Sometimes it shows us a surprise around the bend we could never have anticipated. We make decisions based on the information we have...We accept our ups and downs as they come...We live "one day at a time."
But often we find it is only when we look back that we can see that what we had thought was a "wrong turn" has brought us to exactly the right place and every step was a right one after all!!
Thank you for letting me share this with you!! (Actually Barb-BARBIE52, shared it with me and I just wanted to share it with you.) Trust that you are exactly where you are supposed to be today...
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Thanks for the add!!!!!!
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The music of ancient Rome was a part of Roman culture from earliest times.[1] Music was customary at funerals, and the tibia (Greek aulos), a woodwind instrument, was played at sacrifices to ward off ill influences.[2] Song (carmen) was an integral part of almost every social occasion.[3] The Secular Ode of Horace, for instance, was commissioned by Augustus and performed by a mixed children's choir at the Secular Games in 17 BC. Under the influence of ancient Greek theory, music was thought to reflect the orderliness of the cosmos, and was associated particularly with mathematics and knowledge.[4]
Etruscan music had an early influence on that of the Romans. During the Imperial period, Romans carried their music to the provinces, while traditions of Asia Minor, North Africa and Gaul became a part of Roman culture.[5]
Music accompanied spectacles and events in the arena, and was part of the performing arts form called pantomimus, an early form of story ballet that combined expressive dancing, instrumental music and a sung libretto.[6]
Musical notation[edit]
The Romans may have borrowed the Greek method[7][page needed] of 'enchiriadic notation' to record their music, if they used any notation at all. Four letters (in English notation 'A', 'G', 'F' and 'C') indicated a series of four succeeding tones. Rhythm signs, written above the letters, indicated the duration of each note.
The Romans may have tuned their instruments to Greek modes.[8]
Roman art depicts various woodwinds, "brass", percussion and stringed instruments.[9] Roman-style instruments are found in parts of the Empire where they did not originate, and indicate that music was among the aspects of Roman culture that spread throughout the provinces.
Wind instruments[edit]
- The Roman tuba was a long, straight bronze trumpet with a detachable, conical mouthpiece like that of the modern French horn. Extant examples are about 1.3 metres long, and have a cylindrical bore from the mouthpiece to the point where the bell flares abruptly,[10] similar to the modern straight trumpet seen in presentations of 'period music'. Since there were no valves, the tuba was capable only of a single overtone series that would probably sound familiar to the modern ear, given the limitations of musical acoustics for instruments of this construction.[11] In the military, it was used for "bugle calls". The tuba is also depicted in art such as mosaics accompanying games (ludi) and spectacle events.
- The cornu (Latin "horn") was a long tubular metal wind instrument that curved around the musician's body, shaped rather like an uppercase G. It had a conical bore (again like a French horn) and a conical mouthpiece. It may be hard to distinguish from the buccina. The cornu was used for military signals and on parade.[12] The cornicen was a military signal officer who translated orders into calls. Like the tuba, the cornu also appears as accompaniment for public events and spectacle entertainments.
- The tibia (Greek aulos - αὐλός), usually double, had two double-reed (as in a modern oboe) pipes, not joined but generally played with a mouth-band capistrum (Greek phorbeiá - φορβεία) to hold both pipes steadily between the player's lips.[13] Modern changes indicate that they produced a low, clarinet-like sound. There is some confusion about the exact nature of the instrument; alternate descriptions indicate each pipe having a single reed (like a modern clarinet) instead of a double reed.
- The askaules — a bagpipe.
- Versions of the modern flute and panpipes.
Cornu at the Limesmuseum in Aalen, Germany
Cornicines on Trajan's Column (2nd century)
Horn player on the Ludovisi sarcophagus (3rd century)
Tibia player accompanying a sacrifice led by Marcus Aurelius
Panpipes played by Pan and aulos by a maenad (Mildenhall Treasure, 4th century)
String instruments[edit]
- The lyre, borrowed from the Greeks, was essentially an early harp, with a frame of wood or tortoise shell and various numbers of strings stretched from a cross bar to the sounding body. The lyre was held or cradled in one arm and hand and plucked with the other hand. The Romans gradually abandoned this instrument in favour of the more sophisticated cithara, a larger instrument with a box-type frame with strings stretched from the cross-bar at the top to the sounding box at the bottom; it was held upright and played with a plectrum. The strings were tunable by adjusting wooden wedges along the cross-bar.[14]
- The lute, the true forerunner of the guitar (cithara), is considered a medieval instrument but was played by the ancient Romans. The Roman lute had three strings and was not as popular as the lyre or the cithara, but was easier to play.
- The cithara was the premier musical instrument of ancient Rome and was played both in popular music and in serious forms of music. Larger and heavier than a lyre, the cithara was a loud, sweet and piercing instrument with precision tuning ability. It was said some players could make it cry. From cithara comes our word guitar and though the guitar more directly evolved from the lute, the same mystique surrounds the guitar idols of today as it did for the virtuoso cithara players, the citharista, and popular singers of ancient Rome. Like other instruments, it came originally from Greece and Greek images portray the most elaborately constructed citharas.
It was considered that the gods of music, the Muses and Apollo, gave cithara players their gift to mesmerise listeners.
Mosaics depict instruments that look like a cross between the bagpipe and the organ. The pipes were sized so as to produce many of the modes (scales) known from the Greeks. It is unclear whether they were blown by the lungs or by some mechanical bellows.
The hydraulic pipe organ (hydraulis), which worked by water pressure, was "one of the most significant technical and musical achievements of antiquity".[15] Essentially, the air to the pipes that produce the sound comes from a mechanism of a wind-chest connected by a pipe to a dome; air is pumped in to compress water, and the water rises in the dome, compressing the air and causing a steady supply to reach the pipes[16][page needed] (also see Pipe organ#History). The instrument goes back to the ancient Greeks and a well-preserved model in pottery was found at Carthage in 1885.[17][not in citation given]
The hydraulis accompanied gladiator contests and events in the arena, as well as stage performances. It might also be found in homes, and was among the instruments that the emperor Nero played.[18]
- Variations of a hinged wooden or metal device (called a scabellum) — a 'clapper' — used to beat time. Also, there were various rattles, bells and tambourines.
- Drum and percussion instruments like timpani and castanets, the Egyptian sistrum, and brazen pans, served various musical and other purposes in ancient Rome, including backgrounds for rhythmic dance, celebratory rites like those of the Bacchantes, military uses, hunting (to drive out prey) and even for the control of bees in apiaries.[citation needed] Some Roman music was distinguished for its having a steady beat, no doubt through the use of drums and the percussive effects of clapping and stamping.[citation needed] Egyptian musicians often kept time by snapping the fingers.
- The sistrum was a rattle consisting of rings strung across the cross-bars of a metal frame, which was often used for ritual purposes.
- Cymbala (Lat. plural of cymbalum, from the Greek kymbalon) were small cymbals: metal discs with concave centres and turned rims, used in pairs which were clashed together.[19]
Music in society[edit]
In spite of the purported lack of musical originality on the part of the Romans, they did enjoy music greatly and used it for many activities. Music was also used in religious ceremonies. The Romans cultivated music as a sign of education.[20] Music contests were quite common and attracted a wide range of competition, including Nero himself, who performed widely as an amateur and once traveled to Greece to compete.[21]
- Synaulia, Music of Ancient Rome, Vol. I – Wind Instruments - Amiata Records ARNR 1396, Florence, 1996.
- Synaulia, Music of Ancient Rome, Vol. II – String Instruments - Amiata Records, ARNR 0302, Rome, 2002.
- Thaleia, Carmina Canere Music of Ancient Rome, Vol. I –Tarragona - Spain 2012.
- Ludi Scaenici, E Tempore Emergo - Rome, Italy - 2001
- Ludi Scaenici, Festina Lente - Rome, Italy - 2011
- ^ Naerebout, p. 146.
- ^ Ginsberg-Klar, pp. 313, 316.
- ^ Habinek, passim.
- ^ Habinek, pp. 90ff.[page needed]
- ^ Scott, p. 404.
- ^ Frankin, p. 95; Starks, pp. 14ff.[page needed]
- ^ Ulrich and Pisk,[page needed].
- ^ Pierce, p. 45.
- ^ Ginsberg-Klar, p. 313.
- ^ Ulrich and Pisk, p. 25.
- ^ Bonanni, plate 2.
- ^ Ginsberg-Klar, p. 314.
- ^ Bonanni, plate 3.
- ^ Bonanni, plate 48.
- ^ Ginsberg-Klar, p. 316.
- ^ Williams,[page needed].
- ^ Cook.
- ^ Scott, p. 413.
- ^ Walter, p. 23.
- ^ Suetonius, cited in Scott, p. 418.
- ^ Marcuse, pp. 137, 304.
- ^ Scott,[page needed].
- Bonanni, Filippo. 1964. Antique Musical Instruments and their Players, Dover Publications reprint of the 1723 work, Gabinetto armonico',' with supplementary explanatory material. New York: Dover Publications.
- Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus. De institutione musica. (English edition as Fundamentals of Music, translated, with introduction and notes by Calvin M. Bower; edited by Claude V. Palisca. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.)
- Cook, James H. 1999. "Organ History: Origin and Development through 800 AD". James H. Cook's Faculty Personal Website, at Birmingham-Southern College (Accessed 19 December 2012).
- Franklin, James L., Jr. 1987. "Pantomimists at Pompeii: Actius Anicetus and His Troupe". American Journal of Philology 108, no. 1[page needed]
- Ginsberg-Klar, Maria E. 1981. "The Archaeology of Musical Instruments in Germany during the Roman Period". World Archaeology 12, no. 3:[page needed]
- Habinek, Thomas. 2005. The World of Roman Song. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Marcuse, Sibyl. 1975. Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary, corrected edition. The Norton Library. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-00758-8.
- Naerebout, Frederick G. 2009. "Dance in the Roman Empire and Its Discontents". In Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Heidelberg, July 5–7, 2007)[full citation needed]: Brill.
- Pierce, John R. 1983. The Science of Musical Sound, New York: Scientific American Books.
- Scott, J. E. 1957. 'Roman Music' in The New Oxford History of Music, vol.1: 'Ancient and Oriental Music,' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Smith, William. 1874. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. New York: Harper.
- Starks, John H., Jr., 2008. "Pantomime Actresses in Latin Inscriptions". In New Directions in Ancient Pantomime[full citation needed] Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
- Suetonius. Nero, xli, liv.
- Ulrich, Homer, and Paul Pisk. 1963. A History of Music and Musical Style. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanoich.
- Walter, Don C. 1969. Men and Music in Western Culture. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. ISBN 0-390-91600-5.
- Williams, C. F. Abdy. 1903. The Story of the Organ. London: Walter Scott Publishing Co.; New York: Charles Scribner & Sons.
Further reading[edit]
- Benzing, G. M. 2009. "'Se vuoi far soldi, studia la cetra': musica e luxus nell'antica Roma". In Luxus: Il piacere della vita nella Roma imperiale: [Torino, Museo di antichita, 26 settembre 2009 - 31 gennaio 2010], edited by Elena Fontanella,[page needed] Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. ISBN 9788824011631.
- Comotti, Giovanni. 1989. Music in Greek and Roman Culture, translated by Rosaria V. Munson. Ancient Society and History. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801833647 (cloth); ISBN 080184231X (pbk).
- Hagel, Stefan, and Christine Harrauer (eds.) (2005). Ancient Greek Music in Performance: Symposion Wien 29. Sept.–1. Okt. 2003. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 3-7001-3475-4.
- Landels, J. G. 1999. Music in Ancient Greece & Rome. London and New York: Routledge.
- West, M[artin] L[itchfield]. 1992. Ancient Greek Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814897-6 (cloth) ISBN 0-19-814975-1 (pbk).
- Wille, Günther. 1967. Musica Romana: Die Bedeutung der Musik im Leben der Römer. Amsterdam: P. Schippers.
External links[edit]
- Ensemble Kérylos, a music group led by scholar Annie Bélis and dedicated to the recreation of ancient Greek and Roman music.
- Musica Romana, musicarchaeology, scientific review of ancient Roman music as well as performances, bibliography and descriptions for instruments and notations online (English and German).
- The Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum (TML), an evolving database of the entire corpus of Latin music theory written during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
- Synaulia, dedicated to the reconstruction of historical musical instruments, sound theatre, dance on the basis of ethnology.
- Greek origins of Roman music
- [22] Juvenal
- Ludi Scaenici Performance and research on the music and dance in the ancient Rome
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia. A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia.


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Eli Ginsburg, MD
Internal Medicine
Eli Ginsburg, MD, is a board-certified internist. He practices internal medicine and endocrinology with the Cedars-Sinai Medical Group and Cedars-Sinai Health Associates.
Prior to joining the Cedars-Sinai Medical Group, Dr. Ginsburg was a well-established private practice physician in Beverly Hills.
Doctor Ginsburg attended Columbia College of Columbia University and the University of California, Los Angeles for his undergraduate studies. He received his medical degree from the University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine. His internship, residency and fellowship programs were all completed at the University of Southern California/Los Angeles County Hospital.
Dr. Ginsburg has continued to serve on the voluntary staff of Los Angeles County Hospital since the completion of his post graduate studies. He is currently a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California.
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H-Hour: World's Elite Cheats for Playstation 4Home / Playstation 4 /
This page contains Cheats for H-Hour: World's Elite organized by sections for Playstation 4. H-Hour: World's Elite is a Action Shooter Third-Person game, made by SOF Studios and published by SOF Studios. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
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Where to go: Nearly all the leaves are down, and mornings are becoming frosty. Snow buntings can be seen flitting along the roadside as they head to their wintering grounds. Now's a great time to hit the hiking trails free of bugs and before the snow falls. This is the final fall colors report.Last updated: October 28, 2013
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I Like Dogs
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 28,982 People
All Dogs Go to Heaven!I've often wondered , Why God did such a awesome job on Dogs and such a mediocre job on humans. They are far superior creatures by all measures of goodness that count. ...
Mountainman923518 56-60, M 29 Responses 15 May 14, 2007
They Are So Cute!They are so cute, i have one, a husky and he's a beaut we do everything together! Dance, eat watch T.v he even sleeps at the end of my bed :') needless to say one of my bestfriends :) :)
lilAriana 18-21, F 6 Responses 7 May 26, 2012
Dogs are the only animalswho will love you more than they love themselves...
irishp 22-25, F 9 Mar 16
"Like" dogs? No I LOVE dogs!I am such a dog person I have three! I love kids as well but just do not think I want any so they are my fur babies. Instead of a crazy cat lady I will end up being the crazy dog lady :)
Chicgeekgal 22-25, F 2 Responses 8 a week ago
Gotta love dogs. I have a miniature dachshundnamed Lucy, she's the best... Cry's a lot, but still the best. Lol
TeethTheSizeOfPianoKeys 18-21, M 0 May 29
Poodles and chihuahuas,Alaskan malamutes and German shepherds, I like them all. :)
Jennylb 22-25, F 5 Responses 6 Feb 5
I love my dogs! This is what happenswhen I leave my laundry basket out... He's a weird one but an adorable one too!
LivviyLove 16-17, F 2 Responses 5 Jun 21
Dogs are so cute betterthan cats because cats say meow and dogs say woof!
Jocelyn3 13-15, F 4 Responses 1 Jun 19
Four years ago I went through a pretty baddivorce. If anyone has ever been through one then you can imagine how much of a pain it is. Having to divide up the property was one thing, but dividing up the property with a woman who was the whole reason for the divorce was a totally different ball game.Among our possessions...
UndyingChivalry 31-35, M 4 Responses 7 Jan 23
True FriendsI do have friends,and I mean good"give you the shirt off their back"friends! I think my best friends though,have always been my dogs!They are loyal,and faithful,and loving! Yes,they might get mad at you sometimes,but are quick to get over it...they do not hold a grudge...
getoutatown 46-50 7 Responses 8 Jan 21, 2010
I have a chihuahua but he'sso aggressive OMG. Lmao.
AriannaMariee 16-17, F 9 Responses 4 May 29
Lil RubyYour cute little face and big brown eyes. Your curled little tail which never lies. You follow me so loyal and true. A mask on your face that only grew. On me. By me. You never leave my side. Hop in the car! Its time for a ride. A pushed in nose doesn't help your breathing...
sing4evr 41-45, F 6 Jul 14, 2013
wolfy14 16-17, F 1 Response 6 May 26
dancewithme2014 22-25, F 2 Responses 11 Feb 5
neverundermineanemu 16-17, M 3 Responses 3 Jun 12
My First PetIn my school day i was bullied very badly... those incidences made me not to mingle with my so called friends... Result was i left alone.. In the same time my dad brought me a small puppy and we named it as TIGER... That was so cute.and i was to spend much of time with him.. i...
vachya 22-25, F 2 Responses 7 Oct 6, 2012
deleted 26-30 4 Responses 7 Feb 4
I am suspicious of peoplewho don't like dogs, but I trust a dog when it doesn't like a person.
cat2003 31-35, M 3 Responses 8 Feb 7
14 years ago I brought home a trembling littleblack puppy. She was a little block head runt of the litter that belonged to an unsavory vendor I dealt with in a previous job. I wasn't in need of a dog or the responsibility of taking care of one. We had just moved into a new house and this scared little girl would cause...
Lovefetishes 46-50, M 2 Responses 9 Apr 2
In the bathroom I fartedfor ten seconds I counted new high score
christianbuchanan 13-15, M 1 Jun 19
I just love dogs and their puppies they'resoooooo cute
freegalisme 18-21, F 2 Responses 2 Jun 30
plumberdave1 66-70, M 0 Jul 15
tonight, i held my sweet boy in my arms,and felt his heartbeat as i listened to him breathe. these are the small comforts that remain, as old age has taken all else. he laid his head against my chest, and i started to cry. i've tried for the past year to prepare myself for this, but nothing can really prepare you...
wildf1ower 22-25 4 Responses 4 Jul 9
The Executioner's Song. In My Back Yard.Littlle P, my 10-pound Dachshund smoothie, can somehow hear their itty bitty feet scampering around in the dewy grass at first sunlight. That's what I imagine. He's suddenly alert, leaps with intent from my bed where his brown, velvety body spent the last several hours peeled to...
HootieBootieInLuv 26-30, F 18 Responses 18 Aug 14, 2012
I like all kinds of dogs!But if I'd ever get one, it would have to be a bigggg dog~ U^ェ^U
LiyaR 18-21, F 3 Responses 7 Apr 10
I dogsit for free because I like having lots ofdogs around.
Craftshop 36-40, F 8 Responses 6 Dec 15, 2013
Cute DogsSadly I can't have a dogs cause I'm allergic
mother1983 26-30, F 15 Responses 6 Mar 23, 2011
i like those cute walking pack of happiness......waving their tail and welcoming you as soon as you enter the house ......they seem to be the most happiest one to see you return home ... :)
imconfusedasalways 16-17, F 3 Responses 2 Jun 10
I sofacated my dog because she was peeping allover. I was so scared when she was still. I patted to God to make her come back alive. Then she did! God is for real! Thank you Jesus!
Polobear17 16-17, F 4 Responses 1 a week ago
3 DogsI have 3 dogs from 2 to 9 years old. I love them to death. They are all mixed breeds and fairly big dogs (40-80 lbs). I love mutts from the pound. They always love you even more for being their savior. Dogs are just so loyal, protective, and...
ReformedAutomaton 36-40, M 34 Responses 6 Jun 5, 2007
My first dog I got when I was around 6 I thinks.She was a light brown Carmel Chihuahua with a white striped in between her forehead. I was every excited for my first pet. I remember she was the tinniest out of the other puppies . I named her chula , it's means cute/adorable in Spanish. I would literally take everywhere I...
2luvjocy 16-17, F 1 Response 6 Feb 12
Of Wieners And PearlsJust wrapped a splendid l-o-n-g weekend featuring a Saturday at the annual Dachshund Races in Savannah. Ya like wiener dogs? Imagine 200+ yapping Dachsies doing their best to ignore the hand that feeds them and to show off to their brothers and sisters. Long ride from the deep...
HootieBootieInLuv 26-30, F 13 Responses 12 Oct 10, 2012
rememberthattime 22-25, M 7 Responses 10 Feb 11
a dog saved my life. his name was murphyand he was a newfoundland, he was my grans dog and i grew up with him as she got him when i was a baby. he was the best dog ever. he saved me when i was around 4 years old. my gran wasn't watching me properly and i slipped and went to fall into the fireplace in the living room...
flono 18-21, F 3 Responses 9 Jan 23
They're the best companions!Every dog is different!They're always there for you, don't judge you and love you for you!Being a dog groomer given me an experience to work with all sorts of dogs big/small, fat/thin, furry/ not so furry etcThey all got different personalities and I love getting to know a dog...
MilweePetite 18-21, F 0 Jun 29
Unbelievable( Gogo)My husband and i love animals. I was pregnant with my first son who is now 45. My hubby went to the shelter to look at the dogs, they were putting down a female with brand new pups. My husband brought me this 1 day old hairless, helpless pup to care for, the attendent said that...
mother 61-65, F 2 Responses 6 Oct 9, 2007
No Dogs AllowedA man and his dog were walking along a road. The man was enjoying the scenery, when it suddenly occurred to him that he was dead. He remembered dying, and that the dog walking beside him had been dead for a number of years. He wondered where the road was leading them. After a...
Mimimanxcat 31-35, F 5 Responses 10 Dec 6, 2011
I LOVE doggies! I have a Chihuahua mixed withJack Russell. I hope to soon be able to purchase a German Shepherd or a Husky.
Smileeboo 16-17, F 5 Responses 2 Jun 30
farahparkin 13-15, F 1 Response 3 Jul 5
My dogs are my family!I have three of them and they are the best
MillieLuv 22-25, F 2 Responses 7 Jul 5
I love dogs I never thought I would do it.I never thought I would give away my beautiful dog. I got my dog when he was 7 weeks old. What a sweet puppy he was. I named him Pooh after Winnie the Pooh. He was tall with long legs for a chihuahua. He loved to steal my socks while I was trying to get dressed for work. I'd...
deleted 26-30 5 Responses 6 Jan 18
If there is an animal I would like to haveas a pet, it would be a dog. So far, I haven't been able to as my past and current living situations haven't been ideal for me to have one. I currently rent and I can't afford to buy my own house. Sometimes though I feel it's easier to buy and keep a dog (or another animal) than...
annebelle88 22-25, F 2 Responses 4 Jun 17
So...my brothers girlfriend has been staying atour house for the past few days & she brought her dogs to stay too who I absolutely adore. It is my first time meeting them & I have grown a soft spot for them, especially the Staffordshire bull terrier! She is the sweetest ever :) every time she sees me she gets so excited :D...
TheHeartOfALovingSoul 22-25, M 1 Response 4 Jul 4
Love them(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)(:)
Rifkyroshan 26-30, M 1 Response 5 Jun 5
This is hen, she is my uncles dogand comes to work with is everyday, I adore this pooch, she snores, she's greedy, but she loves cuddles and she has a very intelligent way about her, we get on well haha
quietguy94 18-21, M 1 Response 1 Jun 24
I was out walking with my nine year old niecewho happens to be terrified of dogs. There was a medium sized cattle dog who had broken free of his owner and charged us. I stepped aside just as he snapped at me, and caught his collar. Everytime he tried to bite me I'd push my knee into the back of his shoulder blade to make...
raylynn24 22-25, F 1 Response 2 Jun 23
Today I hugged my dogand she was being a natz
christianbuchanan 13-15, M 0 Jun 19
I looove dogs! They're the most loyaland loving pets in the world! I have a german shepherd named Shadow and he's practically my best friend. I would do anything for him :)
Emilyxoxoxo 13-15, F 8 Responses 11 Mar 26
Trixie licking my nose 😂 haha 😂 taking herand Laina at the vet tomorrow for some unfinished vaccines 💚 🐶💚🐶💚
Heissler 13-15, F 3 Responses 5 Jun 11
I have a beautiful little dog - full of energy.Well, my roommate and I do. He is just like a family member.
judyjudy1 31-35, F 1 Response 3 Jun 21
Worthless Me :(This happened during my school exam holidays. I was alone in the house during day and our house was in a big compound surrounded by wall. I never locked the gate and one day my dog friend gave me a surprise visit. I felt something special about him at the very first sight, though...
anathema09 22-25, M 10 Responses 9 Dec 12, 2012
I enjoy the company of having animals around,especially dogs. They bring joy to my family. I got my first dog when I was around 3. He was a Dalmatian mix. He was a wild and playful dog. His name was max. Shortly we had to give him up due to the fact that he was "too playful". He was a large dog and he use to jump all over...
animallover729 22-25, F 3 Jun 24
They are so cute Two of them ganged up on meand were attacking me That was only because I had treats for my dog in my pocket So I forgive them :)
Thedarkvaporeon 13-15, F 2 Jul 2
They May Be My Favorite PetI also enjoy cats and as of this moment, I have a turtle that my niece purchased and then grew tired of. The poor thing was abandoned in a filthy aquarium. I salvaged him. Brought him home. Then immediately dove into Google to discover how to care for him. Four months later he...
justjessy 51-55, F 2 Responses 6 Dec 19, 2012