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A viscometer (also called viscosimeter) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used. Viscometers only measure under one flow condition.
In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag caused by relative motion of the fluid and a surface is a measure of the viscosity. The flow conditions must have a sufficiently small value of Reynolds number for there to be laminar flow.
At 20.00 degrees Celsius the viscosity of water is 1.002 mPa·s and its kinematic viscosity (ratio of viscosity to density) is 1.0038 mm2/s. These values are used for calibrating certain types of viscometer.
- 1 Standard laboratory viscometers for liquids
- 2 Falling Piston Viscometer
- 3 Oscillating Piston Viscometer
- 4 Vibrational viscometers
- 5 Rotational viscometers
- 6 Bubble viscometer
- 7 Micro-Slit Viscometers
- 8 Miscellaneous viscometer types
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Standard laboratory viscometers for liquids[edit]
U-tube viscometers[edit]
These devices are also known as glass capillary viscometers or Ostwald viscometers, named after Wilhelm Ostwald. Another version is the Ubbelohde viscometer, which consists of a U-shaped glass tube held vertically in a controlled temperature bath. In one arm of the U is a vertical section of precise narrow bore (the capillary). Above there is a bulb, with it is another bulb lower down on the other arm. In use, liquid is drawn into the upper bulb by suction, then allowed to flow down through the capillary into the lower bulb. Two marks (one above and one below the upper bulb) indicate a known volume. The time taken for the level of the liquid to pass between these marks is proportional to the kinematic viscosity. Most commercial units are provided with a conversion factor, or can be calibrated by a fluid of known properties. The time required for the test liquid to flow through a capillary of a known diameter of a certain factor between two marked points is measured. By multiplying the time taken by the factor of the viscometer, the kinematic viscosity is obtained.
Such viscometers can be classified as direct flow or reverse flow. Reverse flow viscometers have the reservoir above the markings and direct flow are those with the reservoir below the markings. Such classifications exists so that the level can be determined even when opaque or staining liquids are measured, otherwise the liquid will cover the markings and make it impossible to gauge the time the level passes the mark. This also allows the viscometer to have more than 1 set of marks to allow for an immediate timing of the time it takes to reach the 3rd mark, therefore yielding 2 timings and allowing for subsequent calculation of Determinability to ensure accurate results. The use of two timings in one viscometer in a single run is only possible if the sample being measured has Newtonian properties. Otherwise the change in driving head which in turn changes the shear rate will produce a different viscosity for the two bulbs.
Falling sphere viscometers[edit]
Stokes' law is the basis of the falling sphere viscometer, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass tube. A sphere of known size and density is allowed to descend through the liquid. If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids. Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes' law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A series of steel ball bearings of different diameter are normally used in the classic experiment to improve the accuracy of the calculation. The school experiment uses glycerine as the fluid, and the technique is used industrially to check the viscosity of fluids used in processes. It includes many different oils, and polymer liquids such as solutions.
In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression for the frictional force (also called drag force) exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers (e.g., very small particles) in a continuous viscous fluid by changing the small fluid-mass limit of the generally unsolvable Navier-Stokes equations:
- is the frictional force,
- is the radius of the spherical object,
- is the fluid viscosity, and
- is the particle's velocity.
If the particles are falling in the viscous fluid by their own weight, then a terminal velocity, also known as the settling velocity, is reached when this frictional force combined with the buoyant force exactly balance the gravitational force. The resulting settling velocity (or terminal velocity) is given by:
- Vs is the particles' settling velocity (m/s) (vertically downwards if , upwards if ),
- is the Stokes radius of the particle (m),
- g is the gravitational acceleration (m/s2),
- ρp is the density of the particles (kg/m3),
- ρf is the density of the fluid (kg/m3), and
- is the (dynamic) fluid viscosity (Pa s).
Note that Stokes flow is assumed, so the Reynolds number must be small.
A limiting factor on the validity of this result is the roughness of the sphere being used.
A modification of the straight falling sphere viscometer is a rolling ball viscometer which times a ball rolling down a slope whilst immersed in the test fluid. This can be further improved by using a patented V plate which increases the number of rotations to distance traveled, allowing smaller more portable devices. This type of device is also suitable for ship board use.
Falling Piston Viscometer[edit]
Also known as the Norcross viscometer after its inventor, Austin Norcross. The principle of viscosity measurement in this rugged and sensitive industrial device is based on a piston and cylinder assembly. The piston is periodically raised by an air lifting mechanism, drawing the material being measured down through the clearance (gap) between the piston and the wall of the cylinder into the space which is formed below the piston as it is raised. The assembly is then typically held up for a few seconds, then allowed to fall by gravity, expelling the sample out through the same path that it entered, creating a shearing effect on the measured liquid, which makes this viscometer particularly sensitive and good for measuring certain thixotropic liquids. The time of fall is a measure of viscosity, with the clearance between the piston and inside of the cylinder forming the measuring orifice. The viscosity controller measures the time of fall (time-of-fall seconds being the measure of viscosity) and displays the resulting viscosity value. The controller can calibrate the time-of-fall value to cup seconds (known as efflux cup), Saybolt universal second (SUS) or centipoise.
Industrial use is popular due to simplicity, repeatability, low maintenance and longevity. This type of measurement is not affected by flow rate or external vibrations. The principle of operation can be adapted for many different conditions, making it ideal for process control environments.
Oscillating Piston Viscometer[edit]
Sometimes referred to as electromagnetic viscometer or EMV viscometer, was invented at Cambridge Viscosity (Formally Cambridge Applied Systems) in 1986. The sensor (see figure below) comprises a measurement chamber and magnetically influenced piston. Measurements are taken whereby a sample is first introduced into the thermally controlled measurement chamber where the piston resides. Electronics drive the piston into oscillatory motion within the measurement chamber with a controlled magnetic field. A shear stress is imposed on the liquid (or gas) due to the piston travel and the viscosity is determined by measuring the travel time of the piston. The construction parameters for the annular spacing between the piston and measurement chamber, the strength of the electromagnetic field, and the travel distance of the piston are used to calculate the viscosity according to Newton's Law of Viscosity.
The oscillating piston viscometer technology has been adapted for small sample viscosity and micro-sample viscosity testing in laboratory applications. It has also been adapted to measure high pressure viscosity and high temperature viscosity measurements in both laboratory and process environments. The viscosity sensors have been scaled for a wide range of industrial applications such as small size viscometers for use in compressors and engines, flow-through viscometers for dip coating processes, in-line viscometers for use in refineries, and hundreds of other applications. Improvements in sensitivity from modern electronics, is stimulating a growth in oscillating piston viscometer popularity with academic laboratories exploring gas viscosity.
Vibrational viscometers[edit]
Vibrational viscometers date back to the 1950s Bendix instrument, which is of a class that operates by measuring the damping of an oscillating electromechanical resonator immersed in a fluid whose viscosity is to be determined. The resonator generally oscillates in torsion or transversely (as a cantilever beam or tuning fork). The higher the viscosity, the larger the damping imposed on the resonator. The resonator's damping may be measured by one of several methods:
- Measuring the power input necessary to keep the oscillator vibrating at a constant amplitude. The higher the viscosity, the more power is needed to maintain the amplitude of oscillation.
- Measuring the decay time of the oscillation once the excitation is switched off. The higher the viscosity, the faster the signal decays.
- Measuring the frequency of the resonator as a function of phase angle between excitation and response waveforms. The higher the viscosity, the larger the frequency change for a given phase change.
The vibrational instrument also suffers from a lack of a defined shear field, which makes it unsuited to measuring the viscosity of a fluid whose flow behaviour is not known before hand.
Vibrating viscometers are rugged industrial systems used to measure viscosity in the process condition. The active part of the sensor is a vibrating rod. The vibration amplitude varies according to the viscosity of the fluid in which the rod is immersed. These viscosity meters are suitable for measuring clogging fluid and high-viscosity fluids, including those with fibers (up to 1,000 Pa·s). Currently, many industries around the world consider these viscometers to be the most efficient system with which to measure the viscosities of a wide range of fluids; by contrast, rotational viscometers require more maintenance, are unable to measure clogging fluid, and require frequent calibration after intensive use. Vibrating viscometers have no moving parts, no weak parts and the sensitive part is very small. Even very basic or acidic fluids can be measured by adding a protective coating such as enamel, or by changing the material of the sensor to a material such as 316L stainless steel.
Rotational viscometers[edit]
Rotational viscometers use the idea that the torque required to turn an object in a fluid is a function of the viscosity of that fluid. They measure the torque required to rotate a disk or bob in a fluid at a known speed.
'Cup and bob' viscometers work by defining the exact volume of a sample which is to be sheared within a test cell; the torque required to achieve a certain rotational speed is measured and plotted. There are two classical geometries in "cup and bob" viscometers, known as either the "Couette" or "Searle" systems - distinguished by whether the cup or bob rotates. The rotating cup is preferred in some cases because it reduces the onset of Taylor vortices, but is more difficult to measure accurately in insument.
'Cone and Plate' viscometers use a cone of very shallow angle in bare contact with a flat plate. With this system the shear rate beneath the plate is constant to a modest degree of precision and deconvolution of a flow curve; a graph of shear stress (torque) against shear rate (angular velocity) yields the viscosity in a straightforward manner.
Electromagnetically Spinning Sphere Viscometer (EMS Viscometer)[edit]
The EMS Viscometer measures the viscosity of liquids through observation of the rotation of a sphere which is driven by electromagnetic interaction: Two magnets attached to a rotor create a rotating magnetic field. The sample (3) to be measured is in a small test tube (2). Inside the tube is an aluminium sphere (4). The tube is located in a temperature controlled chamber (1) and set such that the sphere is situated in the centre of the two magnets. The rotating magnetic field induces eddy currents in the sphere. The resulting Lorentz interaction between the magnetic field and these eddy currents generate torque that rotates the sphere. The rotational speed of the sphere depends on the rotational velocity of the magnetic field, the magnitude of the magnetic field and the viscosity of the sample around the sphere. The motion of the sphere is monitored by a video camera (5) located below the cell. The torque applied to the sphere is proportional to the difference in the angular velocity of the magnetic field ΩB and the one of the sphere ΩS. There is thus a linear relationship between (ΩB−ΩS)/ΩS and the viscosity of the liquid.
This new measuring principle was developed by Sakai et al. at the University of Tokyo. The EMS viscometer distinguishes itself from other rotational viscometers by three main characteristics:
- All parts of the viscometer which come in direct contact with the sample are disposable and inexpensive.
- The measurements are performed in a sealed sample vessel.
- The EMS Viscometer requires only very small sample quantities (0.3 mL).
Stabinger viscometer[edit]
By modifying the classic Couette type rotational viscometer, it is possible to combine the accuracy of kinematic viscosity determination with a wide measuring range.
The outer cylinder of the Stabinger Viscometer is a tube that rotates at constant speed in a temperature-controlled copper housing. The hollow internal cylinder – shaped as a conical rotor – is specifically lighter than the filled samples and therefore floats freely within them, centered by centrifugal forces. In this way all bearing friction, an inevitable factor in most rotational devices, is fully avoided. The rotating fluid's shear forces drive the rotor, while a magnet inside the rotor forms an eddy current brake with the surrounding copper housing. An equilibrium rotor speed is established between driving and retarding forces, which is an unambiguous measure of the dynamic viscosity. The speed and torque measurement is implemented without direct contact by a Hall effect sensor counting the frequency of the rotating magnetic field. This allows for a highly precise torque resolution of 50 pN·m and a wide measuring range from 0.2 to 20,000 mPa•s with a single measuring system. A built-in density measurement based on the oscillating U-tube principle allows the determination of kinematic viscosity from the measured dynamic viscosity employing the relation
- is the kinematic viscosity (mm2/s)
- is the dynamic viscosity (mPa.s)
- is the density (g/cm3)
Bubble viscometer[edit]
Bubble viscometers are used to quickly determine kinematic viscosity of known liquids such as resins and varnishes. The time required for an air bubble to rise is directly proportional to the viscosity of the liquid, so the faster the bubble rises, the lower the viscosity. The Alphabetical Comparison Method uses 4 sets of lettered reference tubes, A5 through Z10, of known viscosity to cover a viscosity range from 0.005 to 1,000 stokes. The Direct Time Method uses a single 3-line times tube for determining the "bubble seconds", which may then be converted to stokes.[1]
This method is considerably accurate, but the measurements can vary due to variances in buoyancy because of the changing in shape of the bubble in the tube [2] However, this does not cause any sort of serious miscalculation.
Micro-Slit Viscometers[edit]
Viscosity measurement using flow through a slit dates back to 1838 when Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille conducted experiments to characterize the liquid flow through a pipe. He found that a viscous flow through a circular pipe requires pressure to overcome the wall shear stress. That was the birth of Hagen-Poiseuille flow equation. The slit viscometer geometry has flows analogous to the cylindrical pipe but has the additional advantage that no entrance or exit pressure drop corrections are needed. Detailed information regarding the implementation of this principal with modern MEMS and microfluidic science is further explained in a paper by RheoSense, Inc.
Generally, the slit viscosity technology offers the following advantages:
- Measures true (absolute) viscosity for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids[3]
- Enclosed system eliminates air interface and sample evaporation effects [4]
- Measurements can be made using very small sample volumes
- Laminar flow even at high shear rates due to low Reynolds number[5]
- Slit flow simulates real application flow conditions like drug injection or inkjetting.
Miscellaneous viscometer types[edit]
Other viscometer types use balls or other objects. Viscometers that can characterize non-Newtonian fluids are usually called rheometers or plastometers.
In the I.C.I "Oscar" viscometer, a sealed can of fluid was oscillated torsionally, and by clever measurement techniques it was possible to measure both viscosity and elasticity in the sample.
The Marsh funnel viscometer measures viscosity from the time (efflux time) it takes a known volume of liquid to flow from the base of a cone through a short tube. This is similar in principle to the flow cups (efflux cups) like the Ford, Zahn and Shell cups which use different shapes to the cone and various nozzle sizes. The measurements can be done according to ISO 2431, ASTM D1200 - 10 or DIN 53411.
The Flexible blade rheometer improves the accuracy of measurements for the lower viscosity range liquids utilizing the subtle changes in the flow field due to the flexibility of the moving or stationary blade (sometimes called wing or single side clamped cantilever).
See also[edit]
- ^ ASTM Paint and Coatings Manual 0-8031-2060-5
- ^ ASTM Paint and Coatings Manual 0-8031-2060-5
- ^ Macosko, C. W. (1994). RHEOLOGY Principles, Measurement and Applications. New Jersey: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 1-56081-579-5.
- ^ Sharma, V.; Jaishankar, A., Wang, Y. C. and McKinley, G.H. (July 2011). "Rheology of Globular Proteins, Apparent Yield Stress, High Shear Rate Viscosity and Interfacial Viscoelasticity of Bovine Serum Albumin Solutions". Soft Matter (11): 5150–5160. Bibcode:2011SMat....7.5150S. doi:10.1039/C0SM01312A.
- ^ Pipe, C.J.; Majmudar, T.S. and McKinley, G.H. (2008). "High Shear Rate Viscometry". Rheologica Acta 47: 621–642. doi:10.1007/s00397-008-0268-1.
- British Standards Institute BS ISO/TR 3666:1998 Viscosity of water
- British Standards Institute BS 188:1977 Methods for Determination of the viscosity of liquids
External links[edit]
- ASTM International (ASTM D7042)
- Viscosity conversion tables
- [1] - Alpha Technologies (formerly Monsanto Instruments and Equipment) - Akron, Ohio USA
- Viscopedia | A free knowledge base for viscosity

subset: commoncrawl


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We are the World: Forging Connections Throughout the Diaspora - An Evening with Nontombi Naomi TutuSaturday, October 01, 2011 08:45AM Add to Outlook
Join WURD when we host Nontonmbi Naomi Tutu, daughter of Nobel Peace Prize winner, Archbishop Desmond Tutu
This intergenerational event will highlight Ms. Tutu's recent "Sister's Sojourn" to South Africa. During this 10-day
journey, Ms. Tutu guided a group of women through South Africa examining the struggles, barriers and triumphs African women from across the globe experience.
A powerful women's and human rights activist, Ms. Tutu will share the linkages between the quest for equality and justice for women in South Africa with her sisters in America.
Event Panelists
Sharmain Matlock-TurnerPRESIDENT & CEO, GREATER PHILADELPHIA URBAN AFFAIRS COALITION
Sharmain Matlock-Turner is President and CEO of the Greater Philadelphia Urban Affairs Coalition, an organization that unites government, business, neighborhood and individual initiatives to provide quality of life for working families. As the first woman to lead GPUAC in its 40-year history, Ms. Matlock-Turner directs the activities of the organization. In 10 years of her leadership, the Coalition has grown from a $20 million organization to one with an annual budget of $34 million and over 400 employees.
Prior to joining the Coalition, she served six years as associate vice president for legislative and community affairs for Mercy Health System and 10 years as chief of staff to the late State Senator Roxanne H. Jones.
Active in community affairs, Ms. Matlock-Turner serves on numerous boards and commissions. She chairs the Boards of Trustees for the West Oak Lane Charter School, the Ogontz Avenue Revitalization Corporation (OARC), and the People's Emergency Center. She is also a member of the Board of Directors of La Salle University, The Reinvestment Fund, and the Philadelphia Facilities Management Corporation, which governs the Philadelphia Gas Works. In addition, Ms. Matlock-Turner is on the economic advisory council of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, the Clear Channel Advisory Board, is honorary co-chair of Philly Counts, the citywide campaign to raise awareness about the 2010 federal Census, and serves on the not-for-profit client advisory board of the Trion Group, Inc.
Throughout her distinguished career, Ms. Matlock-Turner has received numerous awards and honors. In 2009 alone, she was recognized as one of the Philadelphia Tribune's "Most Influential African Americans," and received the Philadelphia Business Journal's Minority Business Leader Award and OARC's Leadership Award. In March 2010, she was awarded the "Take the Lead" award by the Girl Scouts of Eastern Pennsylvania.
Ms. Matlock-Turner holds a bachelor's degree in education from Temple University. Ms. Matlock-Turner is a resident of Philadelphia and is married to Tony Turner. She has two grown daughters, Ayanna Matlock and Naima Turner.
Steven L. SandersSTONERIDGE INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LLC, CHIEF EXECTUIVE OFFICER & CHIEF INVESTMENT STRATEGIST
Steven L. Sanders has over 25 years of experience in the financial services industry. During his career, he served as President and CEO of a $4.5 billion asset management firm where he was responsible for macro-economic analysis, equity portfolio management and new business development. Prior to joining StoneRidge Investment Partners as CEO and Chief Investment Strategist, Mr. Sanders co-founded and served as Chairman and CEO of First Genesis Financial Group. In addition, Mr. Sanders previously served as Chief Investment Strategist of Creative Financial Asset Management. In 1986, Mr. Sanders founded Sanders Financial which focused on high net worth individuals and small pension plan sponsors. Its success led to the formation of Advent Capital Management Partners which provided investment management to larger retirement plan sponsors. In 1996, the two companies merged. Mr. Sanders serves on several corporate and civic boards. Mr. Sanders holds a B.B.A. in Risk Management from Howard University.
Kenny GambleChairman, Universal Companies
Kenneth Gamble began singing at a young age, recording for various labels including Epic, Columbia, Arctic, and Atlantic Records. The most well-known is Philadelphia International Records, which he co-founded with Leon Huff in 1971; and still serves as Chairman and CEO. Mr. Gamble is recognized as a true pioneer in soul / rhythm & blues music. He has written and produced more than 3,000 songs recorded by numerous artists, including the Jackson Five, the Intruders, Teddy Pendergrass, Billy Paul, Phyllis Hyman, Jerry Butler, Nancy Wilson, Lou Rawls, the Ojays, MFSB, Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes, the Three Degrees, McFadden & Whitehead, the Delfonics, and many others. Mr. Gamble's musical output includes more than 170 gold and platinum songs and albums. In 1974 and 1989, he won the coveted Grammy Award for "Me & Mrs. Jones" and "If You Don't Know Me By Now." During his illustrious career, Mr. Gamble has received numerous awards not only for his musical genius, but for his sincere dedication to address the plight of those less fortunate. He has founded or helped to build numerous organizations, including the African American Foundation, Universal Institute Charter School, The Universal Community of Truth, and the South Philadelphia Ministries Task Force. In 1993, he founded Universal Community Homes (UCH) and now is engaged in one of the largest and most successful community revitalization efforts in Philadelphia history. Mr. Gamble calls the rebuilding of his community "The Biggest Hit Of My Life."


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Fall 2013 Writing Seminars
Welcome, Class of 2018! We will be posting descriptions of the Fall 2014 Writing Seminars in mid-July.
Writing Seminars have a common goal—for students, through practice and guidance, to master essential strategies and techniques of academic inquiry and argument. Writing Seminars also have a common structure: unlike most other courses, which are organized around readings, Writing Seminars are organized primarily around writing—specifically, a series of four assignments, totaling about 30 finished pages.
While Writing Seminars all focus on the skills necessary for effective critical reading and writing, they differ in the topics and texts assigned. Below are topic descriptions of the many different Writing Seminars being offered this term.
As described in How to Enroll, you will enroll in a Writing Seminar by ranking your top 8 choices online at any time during the enrollment period. You can sort the list of Writing Seminars below by title and time to help you find the ones that interest you most and best fit your schedule. To read a full description of the course, click on the course title. To increase your chances of being assigned to one of your top preferences, choose seminars that meet at a range of times, including morning and evening. Be sure to keep in mind your class schedule and extracurricular commitments.
Fall 2013 Enrollment Schedule
- Students Assigned to a Term for the Writing Seminar
Sent Friday, July 19
- Students May Request a Term Change Online
Friday, September 6, 9am - Wednesday, September 11, 9 am
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Monday, September 9, 5pm - Wednesday, September 11, 5pm
* This process is not first come, first served. Enroll anytime during the enrollment period, and your chance of receiving one of your top choices is as good as everyone else's.
- Students Notified by E-mail of Writing Seminar Assignments
Thursday, September 12, 5pm
- Students May Request a Writing Seminar Change Online
Thursday, September 12, 5pm - Saturday, September 14, 12 noon
* No requests to change a Writing Seminar will be accepted after the deadline without the special permission of the Writing Program Director and your Director of Studies.
- First Day of M/W Writing Seminars
Monday, September 16
- First Day of T/Th Writing Seminars
Tuesday, September 17
Karen E. H. Skinazi
WRI 157: T/TH 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 158: T/TH 11:00am-12:20pm
George Laufenberg
WRI 191: T/TH 7:30pm-8:50pm
American Revolutions
Dov Weinryb Grohsgal
WRI 184: M/W 8:30am-9:50am
Emma Ljung
WRI 146: T/TH 7:30pm-8:50pm
Richard Joseph Martin
WRI 162: M/W 6:00pm-7:20pm
Dangerous Music
Leanne Wood
WRI 131: T/TH 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 132: T/TH 11:00am-12:20pm
"Music is partisan; it is always for someone and against someone else," writes musicologist Marcello Sorce Keller. Distinguishing our "good" music from others' "bad" music might seem to be simply a matter of taste, but politicians, theologians, and philosophers have long contended that music can pose real dangers to the mind and body. The ancient Greeks believed the wrong kinds of music warped men's character and behavior; totalitarian governments often regulate music deemed subversive or degenerate; and doctors today warn that excessive earbud use can cause hearing loss. In this Writing Seminar, we examine how and why music has been reckoned morally, ideologically, and even physically dangerous to listeners. We begin by testing Plato's ethical theories of music against the ragtime debate that raged in the United States circa 1900. We then examine uses of music as a cultural or psychological weapon in the contexts of Cold War diplomacy and today's "War on Terror." For the research essay, students select a debate about dangerous music and contextualize that debate within its specific cultural moment. Potential topics include responses to new genres, censorship, and concerns about music's use or effects. Students conclude by creating listening guides for curated playlists of dangerous music.
Joshua Vandiver
WRI 144: M/W 3:00pm-4:20pm
The Ethics of Persuasion
Kristin Dombek
WRI 173: M/W 4:30pm-5:50pm
"Writers are always selling somebody out," confessed Joan Didion in the preface to her revolutionary book of journalism Slouching Towards Bethlehem. Centuries before, Aristotle argued that the most important element of persuasion is the writer's "ethos": our sense of his or her fairmindedness and character. If writing nonfiction means selling others out, is ethos always a fake? Or can writing be an ethical act—honest, generous, even redemptive? In this Writing Seminar, we reckon with the problem of ethos and the ethics of representing the self and others in journalistic and academic essays. We study great American nonfiction writers from a range of genres, including Didion, Annie Dillard, Janet Malcolm, Tim O'Brien, Richard Rodriguez, Gay Talese, and David Foster Wallace. We begin by examining essays that make political or cultural arguments and then turn to essays that depict the experience of others, testing Didion's critique of writing. In research projects, we craft ethos in academic writing, borrowing from the techniques of literary journalism and drawing on scholarly research from the humanities, social sciences, and sciences to make arguments about current political or cultural events or controversies. Our final essay is a brief creative essay from personal experience.
Andy Hakim
WRI 175: M/W 3:00pm-4:20pm
WRI 176: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
Nika Elder
WRI 140: M/W 3:00pm-4:20pm
WRI 141: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
Jan Marie Alegre
WRI 180: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
The Language of Love
Yaron Aronowicz
WRI 188: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
It's said that Van Gogh cut off his ear for love and Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal for it. From crimes of passion to selfless sacrifices, from clichéd pop songs to the foundational texts of Western civilization––little has inspired as many expressions as love. But what do we really mean when we invoke the word "love"? And why is romantic love often understood as what we must share and yet can never communicate; what is most true about us, but over which we have no control; the ground for ethics and the occasion for brutality? This Writing Seminar examines love's many languages––considering love as a feeling, structure of relation, political mode, and form of writing. We begin by reading Plato's famous dialogue on love, The Symposium, alongside 20th-century sociological, psychoanalytic, and linguistic grapples with it. We then consider the curious intertwining of desire and ambivalence in Jean-Luc Godard's classic crime thriller Breathless, together with modern meditations on love's potential for nurture and harm. In the second half of the term, students select a text or object and research the ways it reshapes our understanding of love. We end by creating a multimedia representation of our ideas about the work of love.
David Hershinow
WRI 169: M/W 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 170: M/W 11:00am-12:20pm
Danielle Meinrath
WRI 156: T/TH 8:30am-9:50am
A Nation of Immigrants
Maria Medvedeva
WRI 159: M/W 11:00am-12:20pm
WRI 160: M/W 1:30pm-2:50pm
As human beings, we yearn to belong. As nations, we claim the right to choose who can belong with us. The choice, however, is not simple. Whereas the law unambiguously distinguishes among a citizen, an immigrant, and a foreigner, society favors contentious interpretations. How do we choose who is welcomed to join our nation? How and why do these choices shape personal experiences, mobilize communities, and drive policies and politics? This seminar examines the connections between immigration, society, and identity in our global world. We begin by using the documentary Farmingville about a suburban community response to undocumented day laborers to interpret former president Kennedy's argument about the role of immigration in American national identity. We then turn to immigration-related events to assess the role of ethics in immigration policy, using scholarly texts about race, class, social space, and global economy to frame our arguments. For the research essay, students investigate any issue related to immigration in the migration cultures from around the world. Possible topics include immigrant childhoods, bilingual education, immigrant religions, labor-market competition, return migration, and border security. We conclude by creating op-ed articles inviting the public to reconsider contested issues in immigration.
Race, Gender, and Representation
Renita Miller
WRI 102: T/TH 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 103: T/TH 11:00am-12:20pm
In 1788, Alexander Hamilton wrote: "It is said to be necessary, that all classes of citizens should have some of their own numbers in the representative body, in order that their feelings and interests may be better understood and attended to." More than two centuries later, women and African-Americans have attained full citizenship and seismic demographic changes have transformed American politics, yet we still debate Hamilton's premise. How should our political institutions mirror the citizenry at large? What are the consequences of more women and minorities entering office? In this Writing Seminar, we explore the meaning and practice of political representation and how it connects Americans to government, citizenship, identity, and community. We begin with a close analysis of Hanna Pitkin's work to evaluate the contested meaning of representation.Next we view the documentary Waiting for Superman in light of the political science literature on race and gender to complicate our inherited ideas of democracy.For the research essay, students choose a current policy debate and investigate its implications for women or a minority group. Examples include the Affordable Care Act, universal preschool, The Dream Act, or abortion rights. We conclude with a speech for the Princeton student body, taking a stand on a relevant local policy issue.
Joshua Vandiver
WRI 145: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
Representing American Slavery
Justene G. Hill
WRI 111: M/W 1:30pm-2:50pm
"If you don't judge my gold chains, I'll forget the iron chains." How does this line, from the 2013 song "Accidental Racist" by Brad Paisley and LL Cool J, reflect modern opinions of American slavery? How can popular entertainment mold awareness of historical tragedies? Drawing from 20th- and 21st-century literature, film, television, music, and art, this Writing Seminar invites students to question how representations of slavery in modern popular culture shape contemporary discourses about the history of American race relations. We begin by watching the 2012 films Django Unchained and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Using Joseph Roach's "genealogies of performance," we will explore how slavery has been represented in these controversial, and popular, films. Next we will examine slave narratives and analyze the literary techniques enslaved people used to define their experiences in bondage and consider how modern artists deploy these devices in novels such as Octavia Butler's Kindred , television shows including The Chappelle Show, and the exhibitions of artist Kara Walker . In the final research paper, students will choose an artistic depiction that addresses any aspect of American slavery and analyze its historical accuracy and larger sociocultural influence.
Timothy Haupt
WRI 198: M/W 1:30pm-2:50pm
WRI 199: M/W 7:30pm-8:50pm
The Socialist Experiment and Its Legacies
Megan Foreman
WRI 147: T/TH 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 148: T/TH 11:00am-12:20pm
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in late 1989 was one among many symbols that heralded sweeping political and economic changes across Central and Eastern Europe. It marked the end of a socialist experiment of state-planned economies and party-state systems that had dominated these countries for more than 50 years. While experts at the time heralded this as a cultural revolution, they failed to anticipate how profoundly the socialist experiment had shaped how the world could be imagined and experienced across the "post-socialist" block. In this Writing Seminar, we explore the impact and legacies of this socialist experiment. We begin by using anthropological accounts of countries under socialist systems to refine Marx and Engels's economic theories. Next, we analyze Goodbye Lenin!, a spoof about the transition from socialism to democracy in Eastern Germany, using readings about memory and space as well as the relationship between identity and the state to inform our interpretations. For the research project, students consider an object produced in, or about, socialism or post-socialism. Possible topics include The Lives of Others, Solidarity, or the Beijing Olympics. We end the semester by writing editorials that explore the legacy of socialism in a present-day geopolitical conflict or event.
Richard Joseph Martin
WRI 164: M/W 1:30pm-2:50pm
Sajan Saini
WRI 171: M/W 3:00pm-4:20pm
WRI 172: M/W 6:00pm-7:20pm
WRI 186: T/TH 3:00pm-4:20pm
WRI 187: T/TH 4:30pm-5:50pm
Transformations of the Self
Neil J. Young
WRI 115: T/TH 1:30pm-2:50pm
WRI 116: T/TH 4:30pm-5:50pm
From animal abuser to animal advocate: Is star athlete Michael Vick's transformation an authentic narrative of redemption or a cynical commercial performance? When Hollywood celebrities go into rehab, how does the public reinvention of their image encourage or interfere with the private possibility of change? And what does the thriving self-help industry tell us about everyday efforts to remake ourselves in our own eyes as well as the eyes of others? In this Writing Seminar, we examine how individuals construct stories of transformation—and how society consumes them. We first consider religious conversions, reading the classic biblical tale of Saul's conversion, as well as later narratives like those of Joseph Smith and Malcolm X. We then place the movie Eat Pray Love in cultural and theoretical context, analyzing how this chronicle of one woman's search for spirituality and self-knowledge resonates with the literature of self-help and Carl Jung's theory of individuation. For the research paper, students investigate an account of political, social, or "lifestyle" transformation, such as Whittaker Chambers leaving Communism, immigrants becoming American, transsexuals changing sexes, or meat eaters turning to veganism. In the final essay, students reflect on a self-transformation of their own.
Utopias, Dystopias, and Manifestos
Brendan Wright
WRI 133: T/TH 3:00pm-4:20pm
WRI 134: T/TH 7:30pm-8:50pm
At the height of Occupy Wall Street, philosopher Slavoj Žižek staked out a bold claim: we today can more easily imagine the end of the world than the end of liberal capitalism. Since the French Revolution, utopian visions of ideal societies have given way to a dystopian imagination conjuring various dehumanizing futures. Where have all the utopias gone? What critical resources are lost along with the capacity to envision radical alternatives to the status quo? In this Writing Seminar, we focus on literary genres—utopias, dystopias, and manifestos—that explore and articulate political and social alternatives. All three genres stage the same crucial question: How could we be otherwise? We first investigate two foundational texts in the utopian genre, Thomas More's eponymous work and Plato's Republic, in light of recent theories regarding utopian desire. Next, we examine intentional communities and manifestos including, respectively, Hershey, Pennsylvania and The Communist Manifesto, analyzing how they struggle to bridge the radical and the practicable. For the research paper, students select a dystopian text or film, such as The Handmaid's Tale or Gattaca, and investigate how it intervenes in a historical debate. Students will conclude the course by producing their own vision of an alternative social world.
Benjamin Weber
WRI 104: M/W 8:30am-9:50am
WRI 105: M/W 11:00am-12:20pm


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Microsoft Office 2010: Introductory (Shelly Cashman)Author:
Shelly, Gary B., Vermaat, Misty E.
26 Customer Product Reviews
Edition: 1
Pub Date: 2010
Publisher: Course Technology
Shelly, Gary B. is the author of Microsoft Office 2010: Introductory (Shelly Cashman), published 2010 under ISBN 9781439078389 and 1439078386. Seven hundred seventy eight Microsoft Office 2010: Introductory (Shelly Cashman) textbooks are available for sale on ValoreBooks.com, three hundred one used from the cheapest price of $2.45, or buy new starting at $54.59. [read more]
- Rent $19.99
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- 5 star(17)
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This book was very easy to read and understand and was also very insightful.read more
This book explained the purpose of writing and showed you how to flow one sentence to another and a whole lot more.
It is more up to date and help you to learn more about Microsoft officeread more
About to help setting your personal finances. It was good in covering the subject
This book breaks down the computer classes you have to take step by step it has every solution to any problem you may run into. It is very clear on directions and it helped me out tremendously I hope it can help out whoever else purchases this book as much as it helped me.read more
This particular book has many brief stories that are enjoyable to ready. It also has questions to help break down the reading. Great for english majors.
The class that required me to use this book was Intro To Computers. I had it every Monday morning from 9am-11:45am. We had to use every program in the book and practice until we got it right.read more
I learned how to use all of the programs on the computer.. It can be used mostly for work such as Medical Assistant, Secretary, Etc..
I re-learned all the special features that Microsoft Office has to offer.read more
It allowed to read and get a more in depth understanding of Microsoft Office.
It needs more information on working if internet explorer stop working.read more
Because this book give you the opporunity to get skills in all of the microsoft office suites.
using the computer its very usful on using and learning about Microsoftread more
well Pretty much nothing I used it when i was goin to college and it tought me everything i know!
The functions this books contains are primarily below entry level. While it does contain some useful information, most of what is "instructed" is learned at the middle school level.read more
It truly didn't. None of the information provided within the text was new to me.
Introduction to college courses. Learning how to use the material correctly. This book shows how to properly use the material that will be utilized over the next few years in school.read more
The things that I can do with Microsoft amazed me.
I would add a vocabulary section at the end of each chapterread more
I learned more about how to use a computer and the differnt types of things u could do
It was a class that taught microsoft office 2010. It focused on the concepts taught in the boom "Microsoft Office 2010: Introductory".read more
The most interesting thing that I learned was how to use various Microsoft applications, such as word, excel, power point, ect.
To be honest, I was pleased with the book as a whole. There is a few things that I would change in order to make it more professional. The introductions need to be concise but informative. Suggest the author test the procedure and write verbatim exactly how it needs to be done.read more
I used this book for two of my computer science classes. It was very helpful in the future classes that I would take with other instructors.
Edition: 1st
Pub Date: 2010
Publisher: Course Technology
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Deals wrap: Splitting Kraft
Kraft said it would split itself into two listed companies, a global snacks business and a North American grocery business, and raised its full-year outlook on better-than-expected quarterly results.
Hitachi and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries have begun talks on what would be Japan's biggest domestic merger, three sources said, heralding a long awaited shake-up of the nation's industrial behemoths. Japan Real Time reports on the clumsy merger kabuki which followed a leak to local media.
When Goldman Sachs executed a $479 million block share sale in ICBC this week to help American Express hedge its position in the Chinese lender, it underscored the sensitivities and challenges of dealmaking in China.
Carl Icahn's $10.7 billion bid for Clorox has rekindled the debate about his investment style, responsibility and impact on other stakeholders — does he keep corporate America honest or is he in it for a quick profit?
Groupon and LivingSocial are leading a virtual land grab in the world of online coupons. The NYT's DealBook looks into the industry's business model. A Bloomberg column weighs in on a Groupon metric called "adjusted consolidated segment operating income."
For your daily distraction, check out GQ's worst-dressed men of Silicon Valley slideshow.


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The Best Book You've (Probably) Never Read and I Haven't Finished (Yet) - A Book Review
I purchased Maslow on Management a number of years ago. In fact, so long ago I don't remember when I bought it. And I began reading it right away. And I'm still reading it. And I'm not done yet. Through a strange set of circumstances, I have been reading this book a few pages at a time, a few times a year. And I have, quite by accident, not only found a fascinating book on management, but the perfect way to read it.
Abraham Maslow — the man of hierarchy fame — takes on management. This book is actually a collection of journal entries that Maslow turned into a management book (originally titled Eupsychian Management — wise choice that name change.) It is Maslow applying many of his psychological concepts to management. And, if you don't take the time to really read this book — it can be as boring as it sounds. But take the time. Read it slow. This approach has resulted in what may be the most dog-eared copy of a book within my possession. (Okay, I may own a couple of Tom Peters books that beat it — but just barely.) Let's open a couple of dog ears as an example.
"The B-leader … can be defined as the one who can get the job done best or who at least can help to organize things in such a fashion that the job gets done."
"…the B-follower [can be defined] … as one who has introjected the goals or directives or objectives in the problematical situation and who is so identified with them that he wants them done in the best possible way."
"I remember how insulted I felt when it dawned on me that so many of my graduate students never disagreed with me. The conclusion I finally drew was, what did they think of me? Was I so delicate a creature that I couldn't stand a debate? And then I went and told them so, and it helped in both directions. I felt much better about them, certainly."
Today, waiting at the dentist — told you it was a strange set of circumstances — within four pages I read the following. "The 'practical' person in this sense has less ability to delay. He needs quick success and quick wins … For him the next few hours … constitute the present, in contrast with the more theoretical person for whom the present may spread over into several years" and "What I think of here is the example of the customer going beyond the call of duty, that is actually taking some trouble to help the salesman and the enterprise." The first quote relates to a current management situation with which I am working. The second relates to a customer process analysis project we are just starting.
Even reading the quotes, you get a sense for how dry the material is. (And, as I look at them, context helps greatly.) But don't try and down this in one take. Sip at it. Mix it with solid doses of science-fiction and Japanese short fiction. But take the plunge. If you have the patience, you will catch a taste of the marvels within. Having stretched and mixed my metaphors too much, I leave you with the knowledge that it is, indeed, still available on line. Check your favorite Web site.
Posted on Jan 13, 2009 by Mike Jacka
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Greggory Macho pleaded guilty Wednesday to felony charges of aggravated assault, aggravated battery and destruction of evidence connected to the May 14 incident. He also pleaded guilty to an enhancement for the battery charge, for the use of a deadly weapon.
A felony kidnapping charge was dismissed.
Macho was accused of attacking and attempting to sexually assault a woman in a car, before running over a second woman who came to her aid. Prosecutors say he forced the first woman down in her car, kissed her, groped her and choked her.
She was screaming and fighting when another woman heard the commotion and decided to intervene, Deputy Ada County Prosecutor Jean Fisher said.
Macho ran over the second woman and then fled the scene. Mall security videotape revealed a teal pickup truck later identified as belonging to Macho driving around the parking lot before stopping near JC Penney and attacking the first woman. The woman had just come out of the store on the south end of the mall.
I dont recall a whole lot about those events, Macho told Fourth District Ada County Judge Patrick Owen, saying he drank between a pint and a fifth of whiskey and had consumed a handful of prescription painkillers before leaving his brothers house and going to the Boise Towne Square Mall.
Despite having a fuzzy memory of that night, Macho said he believes the allegations laid out by Deputy Ada County Prosecutor Jean Fisher.
I find there is a strong factual basis for your guilty pleas, Owen said.
The woman who was run over, beautician Angie Smoot of Pocatello, is still undergoing medical procedures and rehabilitation, Fisher said. She suffered a broken right femur and left pelvis.
She is not able to walk without a significant gait, Fisher said.
Owen said he met with the attorneys for both sides earlier in the week to try and resolve the case. Macho agreed to plead guilty in exchange for dismissal of the kidnapping charge.
Macho faces up to five years for assault, 15 years for battery, five years for destruction of evidence and 15 years for the enhancement for the use of a deadly weapon the pickup under the plea agreement. Prosecutors will recommend the sentences be concurrent.
Sentencing was set for Dec. 20. Owen ordered a psychological examination of Macho be completed, along with the usual presentence investigation.
Machos wife, Jessica, and brother, Richard, are also charged in the case. They are accused of destruction or concealment of evidence. Allegedly, they helped Greggory Macho alter the appearance of his pickup after the attacks and helped him avoid being arrested.
Greggory Macho was arrested June 5, after a suspect drawing and the description of his pickup were released. His wife and brother were taken into custody July 3.
Richard and Jessica Macho are scheduled to go on trial Dec. 16.
Richard Macho was also charged in an unrelated case with five counts of possession of child pornography. He is scheduled for a preliminary hearing in that case Oct. 31.
John Sowell: 377-6423, Twitter: @IDS_Sowell


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Home > News & Events > Special Alerts
Special Alerts
First Nations Bank, Chicago, Illinois, has contacted the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to report that counterfeit cashier's checks bearing the institution's name are in circulation.
The counterfeit items display the routing number 07192430, which is assigned to First Nations Bank. A security feature statement is embedded in a darkened top border and a "NOTICE TO PURCHASER" statement appears in the top-left corner. A "For or Purchaser" box appears below the notice. Two signature lines are displayed in the lower-right corner.
Authentic checks are mint green with foil guards on the left and right borders. An indemnity bond statement appears in the top-left corner and a security feature statement in an italic handwritten font appears above the words "CASHIER'S CHECK" toward the middle of the check. The bank's telephone number appears below the bank's name and location in the top-center of the check. One "AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE" line is displayed in the lower-right corner.
Copies of a counterfeit item and an authentic check (VOID) are attached for your review. Be aware that the appearance of counterfeit items can be modified and that additional variations may be presented.
Any information you have concerning this matter should be brought to the attention of:
Paula Pandocchi
Information about counterfeit items, cyber-fraud incidents and other fraudulent activity may be forwarded to the FDIC's Cyber-Fraud and Financial Crimes Section, 550 17th Street, N.W., Room F-4004, Washington, D.C. 20429, or transmitted electronically to firstname.lastname@example.com. Questions related to federal deposit insurance or consumer issues should be submitted to the FDIC using an online form that can be accessed at http://www2.fdic.gov/starsmail/index.asp.
For your reference, FDIC Special Alerts may be accessed from the FDIC's website at www.fdic.gov/news/news/SpecialAlert/2009/index.html. To learn how to automatically receive FDIC Special Alerts through e-mail, please visit www.fdic.gov/about/subscriptions/index.html.
Attachment (not available electronically)
NOTE: As a security precaution, the FDIC does not post to its Web site electronic images of fraudulent items or authentic checks that have been counterfeited. This is to avoid attempts by others to use these instruments to facilitate additional fraud. Financial institutions can view images of the fraudulent items and authentic checks (marked as VOID) using the FDIC's free, secure Web site, FDICconnect. (See more information about FDICconnect at http://www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/2006/fil06032.html.) Printed copies of each Special Alert and its attachment(s) may also be obtained from the FDIC's Public Information Center (telephone: 1-877-275-3342 or 703-562-2200; fax: 703-562-2296; or e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Distribution: FDIC-Supervised Banks (Commercial and Savings)
|Last Updated 8/31/2009


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Yu Darvish is dealing with a small blister on his right ring finger, but he's still expected to make his next scheduled start Sunday against the Angels.
Giants acquired RHP Jake Peavy and cash considerations from the Red Sox for LHP Edwin Escobar and RHP Heath Hembree.
Edwin Encarnacion (quad) suffered a minor setback in his recovery on Friday while swinging a bat in Florida.
Buster Olney of ESPN reports that the Red Sox will receive Heath Hembree and Edwin Escobar from the Giants in exchange for Jake Peavy.
Jon Heyman of CBS Sports reports that the Giants have agreed to a deal to acquire Jake Peavy from the Red Sox.
Yasiel Puig went 4-for-5 and became the first player in four years to triple three times in a game Friday as the Dodgers topped the Giants 8-0.
Josh Rutledge went 2-for-4 with four RBI and a run scored in an 8-1 win over the Pirates on Friday.
Billy Butler hit a pinch-hit go-ahead two-run homer in a 6-4 win over the Indians on Friday night.
Carlos Santana clubbed two homers and knocked in three runs in a loss to the Royals on Friday.
Lucas Duda delivered a go-ahead two-run homer in a 3-2 win over the Brewers on Friday.
Neftali Feliz notched his first save since 2011 in Friday's win over the Athletics.
Brad Hand absolutely dominated the Astros offense on Friday, hurling 7 1/3 shutout innings while allowing just three hits.


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It was a bloody nightmare!
I ended up pulling back the plastic liners in the wheel arch to get better access. then i used a pair of pliers to twist them.
Hi Mate,
Just noticed you also have a cabrio!
I was wondering how you got the led side light bulbs fitted? i changed the main and dipped fine but could not get my led side light to click in?
any help is great, thanks


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Introducing an award-winning series for families and children ages 4 and up.
This monthly series begins on Sunday, January 8, and continues through May, on the first Sunday of each month.
Season tickets are available.
Waterworks: Jan 8 • 1:30pm
Los Animalitos: Feb 5 • 1:30pm
What in the World!: Mar 4 • 1:30pm
Carnival of Animals: Apr 1 • 1:30pm
Big Bad Bruce: May 6 • 1:30pm


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Women in Networking of El Dorado Hills, CA (WIN) is a relationship and referral network of dynamic women who support each others' businesses through:
1. Developing relationships that define the know, like and trust philosophy that is critical in today's networking and referral groups.
2. Creating Centers of Influence (COI) to expand and grow our members' businesses by sharing information and creating referral networks.
3. Creating Power Partnerships that create synergies between businesses.
We invite you to find out more about the benefits of membership in WIN, to join us at one of our upcoming events, and meet our members and learn about their businesses.


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What are some of the Major Benefits of Purchasing a Walk in Bathtub?
What's the one thing you would love to do when you get home after a long and tiring day? Is it a nice warm bath? Some of us may not be able to enjoy that soothing bath due to age or a physical impairment. Luckily, bath tub manufacturers designed what is commonly known as a walk in tub. This specialized tub offers a safe bathing solution for people who couldn't have a shower without aid. Walk in tubs come with a host of advantages.
- Relieves joint and muscle pain: The body weighs much less when it is submerged in water. This reduction in body weight causes a relief of muscle, ligament and joint aches. That is why people who have conditions like arthritis and constant back pain can really benefit from this bathing solution. Unlike the traditional tub, walk in tubs and showers also have air and water jets. These jets massage all part of the body.
- Increases blood flow: When soaking in a tub, the warm water that passes near your skin opens up the capillaries enhancing blood flow. Once the capillaries dilate, the toxins can be removed adequately from your body because of the improved circulation. This leads to an improved metabolism and digestion.
- Alleviates anxiety: Walk in tubs which have hydrotherapy features can be used to relieve stress. The warm relaxing bath helps the body to produce endorphins which are considered natural pain killers. Endorphins are released when your body is in total relaxation mode and they can actually counteract the effects of stress or anxiety. Those people who usually have headaches due to tension or stress can take a warm nice bath in a walk in tub to experience some relief.
- Promotes great sleep: Other than that, soaking in a walk in tub can lead to better sleep. When the body is at ease, you are able to rest and have your beauty sleep. A warm bath is considered a very valuable remedy for those who have trouble sleeping. This is because soaking in warm soothing water increases body temperature, soothes the muscles and joints allowing the body to completely relax on its own. Bear in mind that these walk in tubs come with a complete set of hydrotherapy features like air and water jets which also massage the body to help the user relax.
- Enhances bathroom independence: Most importantly, walk in tubs allow people who don't have the mobility to enjoy a private bathing time, to do so on their own. Many people are unable to take a bath on their own because of a physical issue. With walk in tubs, it becomes easier for someone to move around the tub area- due to the strategically placed grab bars. It is also safe for the user to shower without any assistance because walk in tubs are designed with important safety features like low step-in entry, anti slip floors, slip resistant handles as well as a leak proof entry door. These features are not present in traditional bath tubs. Visit best walk in tubs by Custom Care or you can also stop by safe walk in tubs for seniors for more information.


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text: Any PNP pilots out there flying a club-seating Cherokee 6/ Lance/ Toga that can give me some ideas about optimal load plans? I haven't done any transports yet and the only experience I have is flying with my English bulldog. I pull a rear seat, throw his bed down, Mutt Muffs on, battery powered fan on and go flying. I'm hoping for some real world feedback from folks who have been able to max out space wise long before they max out weight wise.


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CNC software tools for job shops
IMTS 2012: The Sinumerik 828D Basix T (turning) and Basic M (milling) by Siemens are designed to enhance job shop performance.
The Sinumerik 828D Basic T is designed to address the needs of shopfloor turning machines. It combines CNC, PLC, operator panel and axis control for five axes/spindles, including live tooling. Milling and drilling operations on a turning machine, both for face and peripheral surfacing, are therefore possible. In tandem with the Sinamics S120 Combi drives package, the 828D Basic T represents has a high level of efficiency and virtually maintenance-free operation since the fans, hard disks, and batteries of past CNC generations are eliminated.
Likewise, the new Sinumerik 828D Basic M class features the same performance as the T class, but is used on milling machines. Even in complex moldmaking operations, mirror-smooth surfacing and reduced machining times are enabled. Again, in tandem with Sinamics S120 Combi drives package and Simotics feed and spindle motors, the 828D BASIC T will operate a milling machine at the highest level of performance possible.
All the other benefits of the Siemens CNC family, including the Sinumerik Operate graphical user interface platform as well as ShopMill and ShopTurn easy programming are offered in these new 828D CNCs.
The Sinumerik 828D is capable of full graphical, high-level language command and supports ISO programming. This control family is ideal for single-part and small-batch production. Programming time can be further reduced for small-batch production with the use of the ShopMill and ShopTurn graphical workstep programming system. High-level language programming can be used in conjunction with programGuide to significantly reduce programming times for large-scale serial production.
Siemens Industry Inc.
Siemens will exhibit at IMTS 2012 in E-5010. www.imts.org
- Edited by Chris Vavra, Control Engineering, www.controleng.com
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In a year when manufacturing continued to lead the economic rebound, it makes sense that plant manager bonuses rebounded. Plant Engineering's annual Salary Survey shows both wages and bonuses rose in 2012 after a retreat the year before.
Average salary across all job titles for plant floor management rose 3.5% to $95,446, and bonus compensation jumped to $15,162, a 4.2% increase from the 2010 level and double the 2011 total, which showed a sharp drop in bonus.


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2008-09 French Language Assistant: Solène Inceoglu
My name is Solène Inceoglu and I am the French Fulbright Teaching Assistant for the year 2008-2009. I originally come from Paris but I moved quite a lot in France so I will be able to talk to you about lots of different regions!
I have a Bachelor in English and I am very much interested in (American) English and everything which has something to do with the United States... so I hope you are ready to share your culture with me! (It applies to everyone, even if you are not American ^^). I am also found of Applied Linguistics and languages and I obtained a M.A. in Linguistics and a Matrîse in French for Foreigners.
I have been living in Germany since May 2007 and I know what it means to learn a new language! It is a really rewarding experience although sometimes it could be frustrating! But I am here to help you so don't be shy; we all need to practice to improve! And French can be fun, I swear!
I will be teaching the Lab class, hosting the French Tables (Tuesday and Friday [for advanced level] 12-12:50pm) and organizing the French Nights on Thursdays. I really hope I will see you there!


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Like the fame, the level of glory is almost unimaginable for a select few—the record-setters, the Super Bowl winners, the players who made highlight-reel tackles that wound up in the opening montage of "SportsCenter," and David Tyree. An even selecter few experience the exact opposite, which I will now dub "anti-glory." They are the players who miss a tackle that lets the other team score the winning touchdown, the kick returners who stop to celebrate on the five-yard line, get tackled, and fumble the ball away, the football equivalents of Bill Buckner. Most players never hit either that height of glory or that depth of anti-glory, and anyone who experienced both would probably spontaneously combust, leaving behind nothing but a wisp of green smoke and an empty jersey.
Once again, that applies only to the NFL players. Both the heights and depths are more moderate in any other league, roughly in proportion to how moderate the paychecks are.


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August 1, 2014
The Lauderdale County Sheriff's Department is trying to locate Johnnie J. Latham.
Latham is a 45-year-old black male who stands approximately 5' 6" in height, weighing 210 pounds.
He is wanted on a warrant out of the circuit court of Lauderdale County where he has been charged with the crime of being a felon in possession of a firearm.
If you know where he can be found please call Crimestoppers at 601-485-1860, or your local law enforcement agency.


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3 stars for 'Hercules'
REVIEW: The mightily entertaining "Hercules," starring Dwayne Johnson, manages to put a new spin on age-old mythology. Updated Jul. 25, 2014
REVIEW: Never underestimate Luc Besson, whose sci-fi tinged thriller "Lucy" achieves a new high score on the science violation index. And yet the movie, starring Scarlett Johansson, has its sideline charms.
REVIEW: In one of Philip Seymour Hoffman's final film roles, he pursues "A Most Wanted Man," who may or may not be guilty.
REVIEW: Michael Douglas' halfhearted ogre gets cozy with Diane Keaton's weepy lounge singer.
In "I Origins," Michael Pitt plays Ian, a celebrated scientist seeking proof that the mammalian eye is not evidence of divine design but a result of genetic mutation over eons.
Find breaking news, concert updates and people news in the arts and entertainment world
Laurie Hertzel is senior editor for books at the Star Tribune, where she has worked since 1996.
"A Most Wanted Man" is a good performance, but not one of Hoffman's all-time best. "Lucy" is one of the... Updated Jul. 25, 2014
REVIEW: Nothing makes much sense, or is very funny, as Cameron Diaz and Jason Segel flop around in racy rom-com land.
REVIEW: "Planes: Fire & Rescue" was overseen by Pixar's head honcho John Lasseter, and it feels like a junior varsity spinoff of "Cars."
REVIEW: "Boyhood" fills you with openhearted happiness and awe at its scope and daring. Colin Covert calls it a low-key masterpiece.
⋆⋆⋆⋆ out of four stars
REVIEW: In a lackluster summer for movies, the surefire hit "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" should have its producers swinging from the girders.
Melissa McCarthy gets her own movie, but mostly squanders the opportunity in a comedy that isn't that funny.
"Third Person" knits three couples, each with their own predicament.
The Australian bubblegum punks' first U.S. headlining tour will land in St. Paul on July 31 (2015!).
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It's not science, looking in the crystal ball and making judgments on three-minute excerpts, but here are some shows with at least the potential to warrant a look.
Updated Jul. 29, 2014


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WychCraft - Wychwood Brewery Company Ltd
Displayed for educational use only; do not reuse.
Ratings: 342 | Reviews: 219 | Display Reviews Only:
Reviews by Gambrinus1184:
4.22/5 rDev +17.2%
look: 4 | smell: 4 | taste: 4.5 | feel: 4 | overall: 4
Poured into my Erdinger weizen glass.
A: Pours a golden, amber-yellow with a reddish hue and a nice fluffy two-finger head of white foam which settles to some rocky foam and nice lacing.
S: Smells sweet and a little fruity. There are some spicy notes from the hops, but nothing too overbearing.
T: Interesting concoction of fruity, bitter hops and sweet tasting grainy malts. An interesting infused berry tone comes through in the finish, perhaps cran- or straw-, but the varying types and degrees of hops are thrice-noted.
M: Mouthfeel is is light bodied and a little creamy. Slight sting from the hops, but mellowed nicely by malts.
D: Since the ABV is honest and low enough, and since this brew really does quite good, I could see drinking this English Ale on a regular basis.
I was impressed by this English brewery's Hobgoblin brown ale, and their Wychcraft pale ale is a very nice follow up. I'd liek to try and find more styles from this great International brewery.
Serving type: bottle
11-17-2007 04:13:43 | More by Gambrinus1184
More User Reviews:
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
look: 3.5 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3.5 | feel: 3.5 | overall: 3.5
Sampling right now on 7/30/14. Comes in a neat 500ml (16.9 ounce) bottle. Bottle chilled down to 36 degrees F in my beer cooler and poured in to a handled glass stein.
Pours a hazy golden yellow in color with about 1/2+ finger of a white fizzy head that settles down to just the top of the glass and sides. Some spotty lacing is seen. Perfect carbonation for this style of brew. The aroma is of hops right up front with some citrus and spice. More going on with the taste that what the aroma suggests with some caramel malts, hint of toffee and sugar as well. Slight bitter finish that doesn't last too long though. Lighter to medium bodied, Overall, it was decent.
Serving type: bottle
07-30-2014 23:29:31 | More by BeerWithMike
New Jersey
3.25/5 rDev -9.7%
07-30-2014 22:46:36 | More by KathrynD
3/5 rDev -16.7%
07-27-2014 08:53:05 | More by mrjez
New Hampshire
3.68/5 rDev +2.2%
look: 3.75 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3.75 | feel: 3.5 | overall: 3.75
From the 500 ml. bottle. Sampled on July 3, 2014.
A beer I have had several times but somehow failed to review. The pour is a slightly hazy pale yellow color with a modest white fizzy head that fades a bit but never disappears entirely.
The aroma is incredibly sweet and malty. It has that rather unique British sweetness to it that reminds me of sweet sugar, scones (biscuit), caramel, toffee, and a vague hop note.
Light to medium body. Easy drinking.
The taste is also jolly sweet (I say) with an overwhelming caramel and toffee note. Mild to low bitterness. Smooth to the end. Bangers and mash please.
Serving type: bottle
07-04-2014 00:02:16 | More by puboflyons
Ontario (Canada)
4.75/5 rDev +31.9%
06-16-2014 00:26:31 | More by DarrenBrule
West Virginia
3.25/5 rDev -9.7%
06-02-2014 21:12:40 | More by xJMFCx
United Kingdom (England)
3.25/5 rDev -9.7%
05-31-2014 17:51:44 | More by endless1408
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
05-12-2014 22:25:39 | More by Durandal_777
3.13/5 rDev -13.1%
look: 3.5 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3 | feel: 3 | overall: 3
Bottle: the standard 500mL embossed dark brown Wychwood bottle with a decent label.
Appearance: pours a slightly cloudy light yellow colour with champagne-esque fine carbonation. A small white head pops up and fizzles to a thin ring with reasonable lacing.
Aroma: a fairly light aroma of sweet malt, white sugar and a touch of caramels and citrus.
Taste: as usual for an English ale this is too demure - a very light flavour dominated mostly by the sweet malt and white sugar in this instance, without much bitterness to back it up. If anything, a bit boring.
Aftertaste: a touch of bitterness does come through in the finish with some tartness.
Mouth feel: a fairly light body with moderate carbonation. Nothing special, but then again no complaints.
Overall: another fairly average beer from Wychwood. Not offensive, but very average for the price. It's over $100 a case of an equivalent case of 24 x 330mL, for what is effectively quite a boring beer.
Serving type: bottle
04-17-2014 12:45:02 | More by SmashPants
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
03-26-2014 05:25:49 | More by LADYBEAST
New Jersey
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
03-21-2014 16:33:51 | More by bunta
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
03-02-2014 17:18:50 | More by Inglewood
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
02-28-2014 21:48:56 | More by Jerseyislandbeer
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
02-15-2014 20:45:36 | More by EdmundBlackadder
United Kingdom (England)
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
02-08-2014 15:15:00 | More by vinicole
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
02-04-2014 21:59:49 | More by parintele
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
02-04-2014 14:46:55 | More by jaydoc
West Virginia
3.48/5 rDev -3.3%
look: 3.5 | smell: 4 | taste: 3 | feel: 4 | overall: 3.75
Overall a good beer with a bitter after taste. Amazing smell that was not entirely matched by the taste. A slightly refreshing beer that would pare well with a burger or steak. This beer is pretty much a solid 3/5 its not fanatastic but definitely not bad. Fairly recommended
Serving type: bottle
02-01-2014 03:04:24 | More by hop_honest_abe
United Kingdom (England)
3.25/5 rDev -9.7%
01-07-2014 22:39:53 | More by Mr_Pink_152
New Jersey
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
12-22-2013 19:58:02 | More by Bandi
New York
3.53/5 rDev -1.9%
look: 3.5 | smell: 3.5 | taste: 3.5 | feel: 3.75 | overall: 3.5
A: The beer is crystal clear yellow in color and has light amount of visible carbonation. It poured with a quarter finger high white head that quickly died down, leaving lacing on the surface and the sides of the glass and a collar around the edge.
S: Light to moderate aromas of fruity yeast are present in the nose along with notes of lemon citrus and hints of bready malts.
T: The taste is similar to the smell, except that there are notes of diacetyl and slightly less lemony flavors.
M: It feels light- to medium-bodied and a little chewy on the palate with a moderate amount of carbonation.
O: This beer is easy to drink and goes down easily. It is rather flavorful for the style.
Serving type: bottle
12-22-2013 19:19:04 | More by metter98
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
12-07-2013 20:22:13 | More by BillRoth
3.5/5 rDev -2.8%
11-21-2013 05:47:35 | More by Irrationalist
Ontario (Canada)
3.75/5 rDev +4.2%
11-16-2013 03:32:51 | More by DarkForest
WychCraft from Wychwood Brewery Company Ltd
82 out of 100 based on 342 ratings.


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MARGARET MARIE ATWELL, 84, of Eagle Lane, Westport, died Sunday, July 28, 2013, at her home. She was born in Westport, Nov. 29, 1928, the daughter of Francis E. and Florence E. (Scott) Merrow. Service details are incomplete and will be announced. Arrangements are in the care of the Hamilton Funeral Home, 294 Mannix Road, Peru.
Death Notices
July 30, 2013
Margaret Marie Atwell


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Success Strategies for Businesses and Employees
When Your Business Goes International
These days, it's not at all difficult to reach a massive audience. The Internet has certainly made the world smaller, and competitively-priced technologies mean small businesses located in one part of the world can reach a global customer base. However, the ups of such massive reach also come with some interesting hurdles. And if you're not careful, you could find yourself speaking to certain demographics in completely the wrong way. You may miss the mark, insult them, make them laugh (when they shouldn't be laughing), or completely ruin your brand.
How Do You…? – Advertising Questions Asked and Answered
The Advertising channel has received a lot of questions over the past few months, and as always I try and answer the ones that I see recurring. The articles I have recently produced set out to put your mind at ease, or take away those nagging doubts. From advice on the inner workings of an agency, to getting a promotion and being inspired, here are some must-read articles for those of you looking for enlightenment.
Learn From the Skunk and the Bear
What do skunks and bears have to do with advertising, marketing and design? On the surface, not very much. Bit dig a little deeper, and you'll see major relevance. We all know of the skunk, and the black bear, as separate animals. As they go, they're very different creatures, but they do inhabit the same forest area. And while they have many similarities, including fur, four legs, mammalian, and omnivorous, the tale of the tape reveals two very different creatures.
Ridiculous Deadline? Sweating Bullets?
We've all been there, because the ad business is built on crazy deadlines and long nights in the agency. It will never, ever change either, because this is a service industry based around keeping the client happy. So, knowing that the inevitable crazy deadline will soon be upon you (or is as you read this…which begs the question, why aren't you working on the brief?) what can you do to make sure the panic doesn't take over?
The Toxicity Of Gossip.
One of the biggest agency problems is gossip. Chinwagging. Chit-chat. Tittle-tattle. Call it what you will, it's really destructive. And yet it is the downfall of morale in every ad agency and in house department around the globe. You cannot eliminate it completely. That task is one even the most hardcore HR manager would have trouble doing. But you can help to reduce the impact of it greatly, if you know what to look for and how to deal with it.
What if Advertising Told The Whole Truth?
What if Ads Were 100% Honest? If we're completely honest with ourselves, we know as either clients, account managers or creatives, we'd be setting ourselves an impossible task.
Hypothetical Advertising Questions
The About.com Advertising channel gets many, many questions every month. Some we can't answer because it would take too long to respond to every one. Some we can't answer because we'd be on shaky legal ground. Some, we just won't answer and we'll leave it at that. But, when we get similar questions on similar topics, we like to respond with articles that do a good job of fulfilling your ever-growing need for knowledge. Here then are a series of articles that start with a question, and hopefully give you all the answers you are looking for.
What Are Your Reasons for Using Social Media?
Social media is everywhere, and it's prolific. Sadly, only the best advertisers, marketers and corporations are using it correctly. Almost everyone else is merely clogging the system with ill-conceived ads, pointless messages and ideas that have been blatantly crowbarred into this new format.
Advertising Events of 2013
Every year the calendar is filled with events that everyone in advertising, marketing and design should seriously consider attending. Some are bigger than others, some are broader, others quite niche. But what's most important about these events, be they close to home or further afield, is the chance to let people in your agency broaden their...
Eight New Year's Resolutions Advertiser's Should Keep in 2013
The New Year is just around the corner. That means a brand new year filled with possibilities, and consumers who just cannot wait to be separated from their hard-earned cash. It also means advertisers will continue to shove the same tired promises down consumers' throats, albeit dressed as shiny new ideas fresh for 2013. Well, enough is enough. It's high time advertisers, and by that we include ad agencies, design firms and clients, make some genuine New Year's resolutions that they actually stick to. Here's the list.
How To Improve Department Morale
The workhorses in any creative department know who does the real work. They all know who the ideas people really are. They know the good art directors from the lazy ones. They know the talented copywriters from the hacks.
How To Get Customers, And Retain Them
The first is acquisition. Everything done to bring a customer to the fold, be it a new product or service, or even a free trial, is done under the acquisition umbrella. From the little samples you hand out in grocery stores, to full-blown billboards and multi-million dollar TV campaigns, this is where you spend money get a customer. The other side of the coin is retention. This is the marketing and advertising you do to keep customers. It can be freebies, events, mailing packs, phone calls or simply letting them skip a month on their mortgage or car payment
'Tis The Season
Which holidays, you may ask? Well, let's start with Halloween and Thanksgiving. They're the ones we just endured (or enjoyed). But you'll find plenty of other good fodder in here to keep your advertising holiday cravings satisfied. Enjoy.
Advertising And Women
As a man, in advertising, I am writing this knowing that in the past I have created ads that are guilty of this objectification. As a man who consumes advertising, I can also say I have been affected by them in some way.
Seven Words Overused in Advertising
Words are as crucial to an advertising campaign as visuals, despite the recent trend for visual puns without headlines or copy. At the end of the day, people are not going to buy anything without reading something about it first. It's just common sense. But, the English language has been used and abused over the last 50 or so years, and some words have certainly felt the effects of advertising. Outrageous claims, unsubstantiated facts and overly-salesy verbiage have created cynical consumers who don't trust advertisers as far as their asthmatic poodle could throw them.
Everything Is Branding
It's amusing to see companies put out requests for branding campaigns. It's also confusing, because clearly a lot of smart, well-educated, savvy businessmen and women don't know what branding is. If they did, they wouldn't ask for a branding campaign. And the reason is simple – everything you do is branding.
Great Execution Is Not A Great Idea
It is not uncommon for lazy creative teams to seek out the cool execution first, and then back the product into that idea. And it happens all the time. In fact, if you look at Ads Of The world, it won't take long to sift out those ideas that were made to fit the execution.
It's OK to Do Nothing
If you see art directors and copywriters talking about movies, or shows, or sports, or a recipe for chili, you may think they're not working. In all instances, you are probably wrong. The fact of the matter is this; great creative ideas come from the subconscious mind. And the best way to let it work is to leave it alone.
Time is Your Most Precious Resource
If your agency is not paying attention to timelines, and things that can affect those timelines (poor briefs, bad information, improper preparation) then it will be wasting time redoing work, sometimes with rounds going into multiple digits. Time is to an agency what leather is to a shoemaker. It cannot function without an adequate supply of it, and if it wastes it, it goes out of business. Read on.
Learn To Share
From the largest advertising agencies in the world, to small shops with just a dozen or more employees, they all share one common thread – they all do work that needs to be seen. Usually, that means the work is seen by consumers or other such customers, be they b2b or b2c. But what's staggering is how often agencies skip the step of sharing the work with each other, either during its creation, it's deployment, or after the fact. And when employees of the company see the fruits of its labor after it as gone public, everyone misses out. You do not want an agency that is simply a sweatshop, pumping out work without ever sharing it and commenting.
Use Research Appropriately
When you want to find out about the product or service you are about to advertise, research is very helpful. As any good advertising creative will tell you, the more you know about what you're selling, the better your advertising will be.
Advertising Focus Group – The Definition of a Major Research Tool
A group of people, from different backgrounds, assembled to participate in a moderated discussion about a particular product, service or advertising campaign. It will either be used to gain insights before work has started, or used to judge and guide the work being done.
Give Everyone Great Opportunities
In advertising, especially in bigger agencies, there are great rewards that come with very hard work. Those rewards include travel to places all over the world, experiencing new products and services first hand, and meetings some very cool, rich, and often famous, people. However, while some agencies will try to share these opportunities as...
10 Articles To Help Your Advertising Agency Succeed
To combat the complacency, here are 10 articles to help your agency succeed. From improving feedback and presentations, to knowing some basic advertising methods, there's a lot to sink your teeth into here.
Great Advertising Needs Great Clients – Part TWO
How Do You Get Great Clients? It's not as easy as you might think. In fact, the relationship between agency and client is not unlike relationships between couples. There are clients and agencies that are a natural fit, and there are also clients and agencies that will always knock heads.
Truth In Advertising
IN advertising, a clever image is all well and good, but what's it saying? Lots of copy is fine, but how do you get people to read it? And continue reading? Sure, celebrity endorsements work, but what message will they communicate? There's only one answer to all of those questions, and it's something that is at the heart and soul of every...
Get To Know, and Use, AIDA:
AIDA is one of the founding principles of most modern-day marketing and advertising. In fact, it's often said that if your marketing or advertising is missing just one of the four AIDA steps, it will fail. While that's not strictly true (a branding or awareness campaign does not necessarily need the Action step) you need to know about AIDA, and...
The Elevator Pitch
If you have an idea to sell and you meet a potential buyer, you need to jump on that opportunity and pitch it to that person quickly, and with confidence. A good elevator pitch can do wonders for your business or ad campaign.
QR Codes - The What, Why, How and When.
You may have noticed those small, checkered boxes gracing magazines, posters, billboards and even product packaging these days. They are called QR codes (the QR stands for Quick Response) and they're a type of barcode that allows someone with a mobile device to scan it, and be directed to a website or some other form of data. But where did QR...
The Greatest Risk Is Not Taking One
How many times have you rejected work because it was too risky? How many times have you played the safe bet? The problem is, every time you play safe, you take a bigger risk than going with the "dangerous" campaign. And your business is suffering as a consequence.
How To Create a Great Super Bowl Ad
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How To Give A Good Creative Presentation
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Don't Contribute To The 89% Of Ads That Go Unnoticed
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Why Creatives Should Always Present Their Own Work
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Loss Leader – Definition Of The Term "Loss Leader"
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Avoid the Puppets, Deal with the String Pullers
A long-needed solution to the problems of bad advertising and poor processes with advertising, marketing and design agencies.
Consumers Love New, Even When It's Old
Why consumers will continue to buy new products and services, even when they are just a simple refresh of something old.
10 Advertising Books You Absolutely Must Read
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Outdoor Advertising
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Is It a Good Strategy To Call Out Your Competitors?
Small companies have nothing to fear from their larger competitors. They may not have the money, but they do have the ability to play David to their Goliath. And it's usually a successful strategy. Find out why.
10 Things You Can Do To Help Your Ad Agency Do Better Work. PART TWO
In part one of this two-part special, we looked at five ways a client can work more effectively with their agency of record. To recap, those five ways were: 1 – Remember Who The Professional Advertisers Are. 2 – Know EXACTLY What Your Objective Is Before You Meet Your Agency. 3 – Agree On a Strategy Before Pencil is put to Paper 4 – Don't Expect Miracles. Great Work Is Not Done Overnight. 5 – Information is Currency. Now, we will complete the list. And we continue with a point that will have every creative person nodding in agreement.
10 Things You Can Do To Help Your Ad Agency Do Better Work.
If you're a client that regularly deals with an advertising agency, here are 10 tips you should follow to make sure you get the best out of your chosen firm. Remember, you are both in it for the same reason…to make money. You will make more if they do effective work, and they will make more by attracting other clients who saw the effective work they did for you.
Look at 12 ways you can help your clients think a little differently about their brand, their products and services, and their ad campaigns
Get your client to stand out from the crowd. Show them the bravery, and different ideas, can lead to great success.
How To Get Ahead in Advertising
Follow this advice, and it should help you move up the chain of command more quickly, and with any luck, get you to the very top before you're too old to enjoy it.
Now, hashtags are everywhere. Here are five hashtags you should always consider using, with their current Websta rating (it changes daily).
How To Swear In Advertising.
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Memorable is Goodif They Remember Whos Advertising
Will this ad be memorable, or will this ad make your brand or product memorable? Theres a very big difference.
How To Advertise For (Almost) Free
It may cost a few bucks to create something buzzworthy, or it may cost you some time, but at the end of the day you can get noticed for pennies.