text:
Royal Dutch Shell
|Public limited company
|Traded as
Euronext: RDSA, RDSB
|Oil and gas
|The Hague, Netherlands
Shell Centre,
London, United Kingdom
(Registered office)
|Area served
|Key people
|Ben van Beurden
Jorma Ollila
|Petroleum, natural gas, and other petrochemicals
|US$ 451.235 billion (2013)[1]
|Operating income
|US$ 26.870 billion (2013)[1]
|US$ 16.371 billion (2013)[1]
|Total assets
|US$ 357.512 billion (2013)[1]
|Total equity
|US$ 180.047 billion (2013)[1]
|92,000 (2014)[1]
Royal Dutch Shell plc (LSE: RDSA, RDSB), commonly known as Shell, is an Anglo–Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom.[2] Created by the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and UK-based Shell Transport & Trading, it is the second largest company in the world, in terms of revenue,[1] and one of the six oil and gas "supermajors".
Shell is also one of the world's most valuable companies.[3] As of January, 2013 the largest shareholder is Capital Research Global Investors with 9.85% ahead of BlackRock in second with 6.89%.[4] Shell topped the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies.[5] Royal Dutch Shell revenue was equal to 84% of the Netherlands's $555.8 billion GDP at the time.[6]
Shell is vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels[7] and wind.[8] It has operations in over 90 countries, produces around 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has 44,000 service stations worldwide.[9] Shell Oil Company, its subsidiary in the United States, is one of its largest businesses.[10]
Shell has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 6 July 2012, it was the largest company on the FTSE, with a market capitalisation of £140.9 billion.[11] It has secondary listings on Euronext Amsterdam and the New York Stock Exchange.
- 1 History
- 2 Corporate affairs
- 3 Operations
- 4 Current projects
- 5 Controversies
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Bibliography
- 9 External links
The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in February 1907 through the amalgamation of two rival companies - Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil.[12] The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British.[13]
Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 by Christina Kohlmann along with Ian Fortney, when a Royal charter was granted by King William III of the Netherlands to a small oil exploration and production company known as "Royal Dutch Company for the Working of Petroleum Wells in the Dutch East Indies".[14]
The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company (the quotation marks were part of the legal name) was a British company, founded in 1897 by Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted and his brother Samuel Samuel.[15] Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London,[16] which expanded in 1833 to import and sell sea-shells, after which the company "Shell" took its name.[17][18]
National patriotic sensibilities would not permit a full-scale merger or takeover of either of the two companies.[13] The Dutch company, Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij, was in charge at The Hague of production and manufacture.[19] A British company was formed, called the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company, based in London, to direct the transport and storage of the products.[19]
20th century[edit]
During the First World War, Shell was the main supplier of fuel to the British Expeditionary Force.[20] It was also the sole supplier of aviation fuel and supplied 80 percent of the British Army's TNT.[20] It also volunteered all of its shipping to the British Admiralty.[20]
The German invasion of Romania in 1916 saw 17 percent of the group's worldwide production destroyed.[20]
In 1919, Shell took control of the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company and in 1921 formed Shell-Mex Limited which marketed products under the "Shell" and "Eagle" brands in the United Kingdom. In 1929, Shell Chemicals was founded.[20] By the end of the 1920s, Shell was the world's leading oil company, producing 11 percent of the world's crude oil supply and owning 10 percent of its tanker tonnage.[20]
Shell Mex House was completed in 1931, and was the head office for Shell's marketing activity worldwide.[20] In 1932, partly in response to the difficult economic conditions of the times, Shell-Mex merged its UK marketing operations with those of British Petroleum to create Shell-Mex and BP,[21] a company that traded until the brands separated in 1975. Royal Dutch Company ranked 79th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.[22]
The 1930s saw Shell's Mexican assets seized by the local government.[20] After the invasion of the Netherlands by Germany in 1939, the head office of the Dutch companies was moved to Curacao.[20]
Around 1952, Shell was the first company to purchase and use a computer in the Netherlands.[23] The computer, a Ferranti Mark 1*, was assembled and used at the Shell laboratory in Amsterdam. In 1970 Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in 1994 and now forms part of BHP Billiton.[24]
21st century[edit]
In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, a secondary listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, its headquarters and tax residency in The Hague, Netherlands and its registered office in London. The unification was completed on 20 July 2005 and the original owners delisted their companies from the respective exchanges. On 20 July 2005, the Shell Transport & Trading Company plc was delisted from the LSE,[25] where as, Royal Dutch Petroleum Company from NYSE on 18 November 2005.[26] The shares of the company were issued at a 60/40 advantage for the shareholders of Royal Dutch in line with the original ownership of the Shell Group.[27]
During the 2009 Iraqi oil services contracts tender, a consortium led by Shell (45%) and which included Petronas (30%) was awarded a production contract for the "Majnoon field" in the south of Iraq, which contains an estimated 12.6 billion barrels (2.00×109 m3) of oil.[28][29] The "West Qurna 1 field" production contract was awarded to a consortium led by ExxonMobil (60%) and included Shell (15%).[30]
In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses.[31] In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale.[32] In June 2010, Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields.[33]
Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and cancelled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana. A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in January 2014, prior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was 38 per cent lower than 2012—the value of Shell's shares fell by 3 per cent as a result.[34] Following the sale of the majority of its Australian assets in February 2014, the corporation plans to sell a further US$15 billion worth of assets in the period leading up to 2015, with deals announced in Australia, Brazil and Italy.[35]
Corporate affairs[edit]
On 4 August 2005, the board of directors announced the appointment of Jorma Ollila, chairman and CEO of Nokia at the time, to succeed Aad Jacobs as the company's non-executive chairman on 1 June 2006. Ollila is the first Shell chairman to be neither Dutch nor British. Other non-executive directors include Maarten van den Bergh, Wim Kok, Nina Henderson, Lord Kerr, Adelbert van Roxe, and Christine Morin-Postel.
As of 1 July 2009, Peter Voser became CEO of Shell.[36] Voser, who is Swiss, was the first non-Dutch, non-British CEO of the company. On 10 July 2013, Shell announced the appointment of van Beurden, the previous director of its refining and marketing operations, as the corporation's new CEO, a transition that became effective on 3 January 2014.[34]
Following a career at the corporation, in locations such as Australia and Africa, Ann Pickard was appointed as the executive vice president of the Arctic at Royal Dutch Shell, a role that was publicized in an interview with McKinsey & Company in June 2014.[37]
Name and logo[edit]
The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company.[38] In 1833, the founder's father, also Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region and commissioned the world's first purpose-built oil tanker, the Murex (Latin for a type of snail shell), to enter this market; by 1907 the company had a fleet. Although for several decades the company had a refinery at Shell Haven on the Thames, there is no evidence of this having provided the name.
The Shell logo is one of the most familiar commercial symbols in the world. This logo is known as the "pecten" after the sea shell Pecten maximus (the giant scallop), on which its design is based. The yellow and red colours used are thought[39] to relate to the colours of the flag of Spain, as Shell built early service stations in California, previously a Spanish colony. The current revision of the logo was designed by Raymond Loewy in 1971.[40]
The slash was removed from the name "Royal Dutch/Shell" in 2005, concurrent with moves to merge the two legally separate companies (Royal Dutch and Shell) to the single legal entity which exists today.[41]
Logo evolution[edit]
Shell Formula One sponsorship[edit]
Shell has been involved with Formula One for many years, particularly with Scuderia Ferrari who the company have worked with for over fifty years. Shell was also the title sponsor for the Belgian Grand Prix in the 2013 season.
Business groupings[edit]
Shell is currently organised into four major business groupings:
- Upstream International – manages the Upstream business outside the Americas. It searches for and recovers crude oil and natural gas, liquefies and transports gas, and operates the upstream and midstream infrastructure necessary to deliver oil and gas to the market. Its activities are organised primarily within geographic units, although there are some activities that are managed across the business or provided through support units.
- Upstream Americas – manages the Upstream business in North and South America. It searches for and recovers crude oil and natural gas, transports gas and operates the upstream and midstream infrastructure necessary to deliver oil and gas to market. Upstream Americas also extracts bitumen from oil sands that is converted into synthetic crude oil. It comprises operations organised into business-wide managed activities and supporting activities.
- Downstream – manages Shell's manufacturing, distribution and marketing activities for oil products and chemicals. Manufacturing and supply includes refinery, supply and shipping of crude oil.
- Projects & technology – manages the delivery of Shell's major projects and drives the research and innovation to create technology solutions. It provides technical services and technology capability covering both Upstream and Downstream activities. It is also responsible for providing functional leadership across Shell in the areas of health, safety and environment, and contracting and procurement.
Oil and gas activities[edit]
Shell's primary business is the management of a vertically integrated oil company. The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketing established the core competencies on which the company was founded. Similar competencies were required for natural gas, which has become one of the most important businesses in which Shell is involved, and which contributes a significant proportion of the company's profits. While the vertically integrated business model provided significant economies of scale and barriers to entry, each business now seeks to be a self-supporting unit without subsidies from other parts of the company.
Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central offices in The Hague. Nevertheless, there were very large "exploration and production" companies in a few major oil and gas production centres such as the United Kingdom (Shell Expro, a Joint Venture with Exxon), Nigeria, Brunei, and Oman.
Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen. The practice in Shell was that these businesses were essentially local and that they were best managed by local "operating companies" – often with middle and senior management reinforced by expatriates. In the 1990s, this paradigm began to change, and the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced. Today, virtually all of Shell's operations in various businesses are much more directly managed from London and The Hague. The autonomy of "operating companies" has been largely removed, as more "global businesses" have been created.
Shell began drilling for oil in Africa during the 1950s. Shell began production in Nigeria in 1958.[42] Shell operates in the upstream oil sector in Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Gabon where is the giant Rabi-Kounga oil field, Ghana, Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa and Tunisia; and in the downstream sector in 16 other countries.[43]
In Nigeria, Shell told US diplomats that it had placed staff in all the main ministries of the government.[44]
In April 2010, Shell announced its intention to divest from downstream business of all African countries except South Africa and Egypt to Vitol and "Helios".[45] In several countries such as Tunisia, protests and strikes broke out. Shell denied rumours of the sellout.[46] Shell continues however upstream activities/extracting crude oil in the oil-rich Niger Delta as well as downstream/commercial activities in South Africa.
Shell first entered Malaysia, Miri in 1910[47] in an oil well drilling project.
Malaysia's first oil well was discovered by Shell on Canada Hill in Miri, Sarawak in 1910. Shell's Miri No. 1 was spudded on 10 August that year, and began producing 83 barrels per day in December. Today, the oil well, fondly known as the Grand Old Lady, is a state monument.
After the discovery of oil in Miri, Shell built Malaysia's first oil refinery in 1914. In the same year, Shell laid a submarine pipeline in Miri, a breakthrough in the technology of transporting crude to tankers at that time.
In Malaysia, 2012, Shell refining capacity is 109,000 b/d. In the Port Dickson refinery, Shell invested MYR 800 million to upgrade the diesel processing plant.
In 2012, Shell have 900 retail outlets and planning to open 30 more in the future.
Republic of the Philippines[edit]
Royal Dutch Shell operates in the Philippines under its subsidiary, Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation. Its headquarters is in Makati City and it has facilities in the Pandacan oil depot and other key locations.[48]
On January 2010, the Bureau of Customs claimed 7.34 billion pesos worth of unpaid excise taxes against Pilipinas Shell for importing Catalytic cracked gasoline (CCG) and light catalytic cracked gasoline (LCCG) stating that those imports are bound for tariff charges.[49]
Pilipinas Shell denied the claim stating that those imports are raw materials for making their products. The company later emphasised that they are considering closing their local oil refinery if the case continues. Pilipinas Shell informed the public that they will exhaust all necessary steps to meet the demand for fuel.
In 2014, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas release commemorative 100 peso bill.
Shell has a strong presence in Singapore, indeed Singapore is the main centre for Shell's petrochemical operations in Asia Pacific region. Shell Eastern Petroleum limited (SEPL) have their refinery located in Singapore's Pulau Bukom island. They also operate as Shell Chemicals Seraya in Jurong Island.
Shell first started trading in Ireland in 1902.[50] Shell E&P Ireland (SEPIL) (previously Enterprise Energy Ireland) is an Irish exploration and production subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell. Its headquarters are on Leeson Street in Dublin. It was acquired in May 2002.[51] Its main project is the Corrib gas project, a large gas field off the northwest coast, for which Shell has encountered controversy and protests in relation to the onshore pipeline and licence terms.
In 2005 Shell disposed of its entire retail and commercial fuels business in Ireland to Topaz Energy Group. This included depots, company-owned petrol stations and supply agreements stations throughout the island of Ireland.[52] The retail outlets were re-branded as Topaz in 2008/9.[53]
Nordic Countries[edit]
On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country.[54] On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations.[55][56] On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy.[57] Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence.
North America[edit]
Through most of Shell's history, its business in the United States, Shell Oil Company was substantially independent with its stock ("Shell Oil") being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business. Such practice also changed in the 1990s when Shell first bought out the shares in Shell Oil that it did not own and then took a more hands-on approach. In Canada, also previously very independent, Shell has completed its purchase of the shares in Shell Canada that it did not own, to apply the new global business model.
In Australia, retailer Coles Group (now part of Wesfarmers) purchased the rights to the retail business from the existing Shell Australia multi-site franchisees in 2003 for an amount less than A$100 million. The purchase was made in response to a popular discount fuel offer by rival Woolworths Limited launched some years earlier.
Coles Express' only affiliation with Shell is that Shell is the exclusive supplier of fuel and lubricant products, leases the service station property to Coles, and maintains the presence of the "pecten" and other Shell branding on the price board and other signage. Coles Express sets fuel and shop prices and runs the business, provides convenience and grocery merchandise through its supply chain and distribution network, and directly employs the service station staff.
Shell has also moved to the outback with a huge complex in Coober Pedy, South Australia. The Opal Capital of The World.
Royal Dutch Shell is currently developing the first floating liquefied natural gas facility, which will be situated 200 km off the coast of Western Australia and is due for completion in around 2017.[58] When it is finished, it will measure around 488m long and 74m wide, and when fully ballasted will weigh 600,000 tonnes.[59]
Following the decision by the Royal Dutch Shell fuel corporation to close its Geelong, Australia refinery in April 2013, a third consecutive annual loss was recorded for Shell's Australian refining and fuel marketing assets. Revealed in June 2013, the writedown is worth A$203 million, and was preceded by a A$638m writedown in 2012 and a A$407m writedown in 2011 after the closure of the Clyde refinery in Sydney, Australia.[60]
In February 2014, Shell sold its Australian refinery and petrol stations for US$2.6 billion (A$2.9 billion) to Vitol, a Geneva-based company.[61] Vitol's stated that the Geelong refinery will remain open, as the company plans to expand further into the Australian market. Royal Dutch Shell will continue to invest in the Australian market, with projects that involve Chevron Corp., Woodside Petroleum and Prelude.[35]
New Zealand[edit]
Shell has had a long-time presence in New Zealand, and partly owns the Maui and Kapuni natural gas fields. In 2011 it completed the sale of its petrol retail division to Infratil and the New Zealand Superannuation Fund, which rebranded the stations as Z Energy. Shell still operates in New Zealand via gas and condensate exploration and infrastructure.
Other activities[edit]
Over the years Shell has occasionally sought to diversify away from its core oil, gas and chemicals businesses. These diversifications have included nuclear power (a short-lived and costly joint venture with Gulf Oil in the USA); coal (Shell Coal was for a time a significant player in mining and marketing); metals (Shell acquired the Dutch metals-mining company Billiton in 1970) and electricity generation (a joint venture with Bechtel called Intergen). None of these ventures was seen as successful and all have now been divested.[citation needed]
In the early 2000s Shell moved into alternative energy and there is now an embryonic "Renewables" business that has made investments in solar power, wind power, hydrogen, and forestry. The forestry business went the way of nuclear, coal, metals and electricity generation, and was disposed of in 2003. In 2006 Shell paid SolarWorld to take over its entire solar business[62] and in 2008, the company withdrew from the London Array which is expected to become the world's largest offshore wind farm.[63]
Shell also is involved in large-scale hydrogen projects. HydrogenForecast.com describes Shell's approach thus far as consisting of "baby steps", but with an underlying message of "extreme optimism".[64]
Shell holds 50% of Raízen, a joint venture with Brazilian sugarcane producer Cosan which is the third-largest Brazil-based energy company by revenues and a major producer of ethanol.[65]
Current projects[edit]
Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the "Kulluk" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship.[66][67] At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea.[68] However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits.[69][70][71] The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is "too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations".[71][72]
Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid-2012 and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the "Kulluk" incident at the end of the year. Royal Dutch Shell had invested nearly US$5 billion by this stage of the project.[68][71]
As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on December 27, 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that ""A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."[68]
It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid-2013, following the "Kulluk" incident and, in February 2013, the corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast in 2013, and will instead prepare for future exploration.[73] In January 2014, the corporation announced the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic, with chief executive van Beurden explaining that the project is "under review" due to both market and internal issues.[74]
A June 2014 interview with Pickard indicated that, following a forensic analysis of the problems encountered in 2012, Royal Dutch Shell will continue with the project and Pickard stated that she perceives the future of the corporation activity in the Arctic region as a long-term "marathon".[37] Pickard stated that the forensic "look back" revealed "there was an on/off switch" and further explained:
In other words, don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the legal environment to go forward. Don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the permit. No, I can't tell you that I'm going to have that permit until June, but we need to plan like we're going to have that permit in June. And so probably the biggest lesson is to make sure we could smooth out the on/off switches wherever we could and take control of our own destiny.[37]
Based upon the interview with Pickard, Shell is approaching the project as an investment that will reap energy resources with a lifespan of around 30 years.[37]
Shell has been criticised for its businesses in Africa, notably in relation to protests of the Ogoni in 1995.[75]
In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform would have been environmentally better.[76] Shell subsequently published an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development, supported by executive speeches reinforcing this commitment.[77]
2004 overstatement of oil reserves[edit]
In 2004 Shell overstated its oil reserves, resulting in loss of confidence in the group, a £17 million fine by the Financial Services Authority and the departure of the chairman Philip Watts. A lawsuit resulted in the payment of $450 million to non-American shareholders in 2007.[78][79][80]
Corporate communications[edit]
Shell's advertising regarding its renewable energy business has been described as a greenwash by some environmental lobbies,[81] though its renewable energy activities have been praised by other commentators.[82]
In August 2008, the British Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) ruled that Shell had misled the public in an advertisement when it claimed that a $10 billion oil sands project in Alberta, Canada was a "sustainable energy source".[83]
Environmental pollution[edit]
The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. This has resulted in many oil spills in this area that have degraded the environment, killing off vegetation and fish. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes.[84] This has led to mass protests from the Niger-Delta inhabitants and Amnesty International against Shell and Friends of the Earth Netherlands. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups.[85]
In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.[86]
On 15 January 1999, off the Argentinian town of Magdalena, Buenos Aires, the Shell tanker Estrella Pampeana collided with a German freighter, emptying its contents into the lake, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals. Over a decade after the spill, a referendum held in Magdalena determined the acceptance of a US$9.5 million compensatory payout from Shell.[87] Shell denied responsibility for the spill, but an Argentine court ruled in 2002 that the corporation was responsible.[88]
Health and safety[edit]
A number of incidents over the years led to criticism of Shell's health and safety record, including repeated warnings by the UK Health and Safety Executive about the poor state of the company's North Sea platforms.[89]
Human rights[edit]
In the beginning of 1996, several human rights groups brought cases to hold Shell accountable for alleged human rights violations in Nigeria, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment and arbitrary arrest and detention. In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other leaders of the Ogoni tribe of southern Nigeria, who were hanged in 1995 by Nigeria's then military rulers.[90] The lawsuits were brought against Royal Dutch Shell and Brian Anderson, the head of its Nigerian operation.[91] In 2009, Shell agreed to pay $15.5m in a legal settlement.[90] Shell has not accepted any liability over the allegations against it.[92]
In 2009, Shell was the subject of an Amnesty International report into the deterioration of human rights as a consequence of Shell's activities in the Niger Delta. In particular, Amnesty criticised the continuation of gas flaring and Shell's slow response to oil spills.[93]
In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration.[44] Documents released in 2009 (but not used in the court case) reveal that Shell regularly made payments to the Nigerian military in order to prevent protests.[94]
Arctic project[edit]
In 2010 Greenpeace activists painted "No Arctic Drilling" with spilled BP oil on the side of a ship in the Gulf that was en route to explore for Arctic oil for Shell. At the protest, Phil Radford of Greenpeace called for "President Obama [to] ban all offshore oil drilling and call for an end to the use of oil in our cars by 2030."[72]
On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska.[95] Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the North Slope Borough, who expressed that he was conflicted about Shell's plans in the Arctic, as he was very concerned that an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture, but his borough also received major tax revenue from oil and gas production; additionally, further revenue from energy activity was considered crucial to the future of the living standard in Itta's community. In terms of safety, Itta identified the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), a precious area for a large number of environmentalists, as a preferred option, explaining: "You can clean up oil so much easier onshore ... The risks are not even comparable."[68]
In July 2012, Greenpeace activists shut down 53 Shell petrol stations in Edinburgh and London in a protest against the company's plans to drill for oil in the Arctic. Greenpeace's "Save the Arctic" campaign aims to prevent oil drilling and industrial fishing in the Arctic by declaring the uninhabited area around the North Pole a global sanctuary.[96]
Concerns increased after the Kulluk oil rig ran aground near Kodiak Island in December 2012.[97][dead link] An anonymous energy analyst, who worked for a money manager with strong ties to Shell, stated after the accident:
I didn't expect to see so many things go wrong in their first year, but it shows you how hard it is to do what they want to do. In this business, the name of the game is "time to first cash flow," and if you can't get first cash flow for at least 10 years, then it's going to be awfully hard to earn a decent return on the project.[68]
In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling American's rights."[98] According to Greenpeace, Shell lodged a request with Google to ban video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the Shell-sponsored Formula One (F1) Belgian Grand Prix on August 25, 2013, in which "SaveTheArctic.org" banners appear at the winners' podium ceremony. In the video, the banners rise up automatically—activists controlled their appearance with the use of four radio car antennas—revealing the website URL, alongside an image that consists of half of a polar bear's head and half of the Shell logo. As of April 5, 2014, the video is available on the "greenpeaceupdate" YouTube channel and has received just over 300,000 views.[99][100]
The company notes that "no one has yet fully determined how to clean up an oil spill in pack ice or broken ice".[101] Royal Dutch Shell then announced a "pause" in the timeline of the project in early 2013[73] and, in January 2014, the corporation announced the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic. A June 2014 interview with the corporation's new executive vice president of the Arctic indicated that Royal Dutch Shell will continue with its activity in the region.[37][74]
See also[edit]
- Algae fuel
- Chaco War
- Lensbury
- royaldutchshellplc.com
- Shell Guides, a series of guidebooks
- Shell V-Power
- List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Securities
- List of companies based in London
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- ^ "Global 500. Royal Dutch Shell". CNN. 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ Shell, Glencore, and Other Multinationals Dominate Their Home Economies April 04, 2013 BusinessWeek
- ^ Webb, Tim (17 March 2009). "Shell dumps wind, solar and hydro power in favour of biofuels". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ http://www.shell.com/global/future-energy/wind.html
- ^ "Shell at a glance". Royal Dutch Shell plc. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "Exploration & Production in the United States". Royal Dutch Shell plc. Retrieved 30 August 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "FTSE All-Share Index Ranking". stockchallenge.co.uk. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Fred Aftalion (2001). A History of the International Chemical Industry. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-941901-29-1.
- ^ a b F. C. Gerretson (1953). History of the Royal Dutch. Brill Archive. p. 346. GGKEY:NNJNHTLUZKG.
- ^ "History of Shell in Indonesia". PT Shell Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Royal Dutch Shell: History[dead link]
- ^ Mark Forsyth (2011). The Etymologicon: A Circular Stroll through the Hidden Connections of the English Language. Icon Books. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-84831-319-4.
- ^ The beginnings: Shell Global
- ^ Falola, Toyin; Genova, Ann (2005). The Politics of the Global Oil Industry: An Introduction. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 30.
- ^ a b F. C. Gerretson (1953). History of the Royal Dutch. Brill Archive. p. 346. GGKEY:NNJNHTLUZKG.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The early 20th century - Shell Global
- ^ Reference and contact details: GB 1566 SMBP Title:Shell-Mex and BP Archive Dates of Creation: 1900–1975 Held at: BP Archive GB 1566 SMBP
- ^ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) Harvard Business School p.619
- ^ The Ferranti Mark 1* that went to Shell labs in Amsterdam, Netherlands (Dutch only)
- ^ "Analysis: Cash bounty lures miners into risky empire-building". Reuters. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ The Shell Transport & Trading Company plc delisted from LSE
- ^ N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij (English translation, Royal Dutch Petroleum Company) to Withdraw its Ordinary Shares, par value 0.56 Euro, from NYSE]
- ^ Shell shareholders agree merger BBC News, 2005
- ^ "Iraq holds oil auction, Shell wins giant field". Reuters. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ Pagnamenta, Robin (12 December 2009). "Shell secures vital toehold in 'the new Iraq' where oil is ready to flow". The Times (London). Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ 2009 Iraqi oil services contracts tender
- ^ "Shell bets on ethanol in $21 billion deal with Brazil's Cosan". Reuters. 1 February 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ "Shell to fund capital spending by selling LPG assets". 1 March 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
- ^ "Shell Acquires East Resources' Tight Gas Fields". Infogrok.com. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ a b Tom Bawden (17 January 2014). "Royal Dutch Shell issues shock profit warning". The Independent (London). Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ a b James Paton (21 February 2014). "Vitol to Pay Shell A$2.9 Billion for Australian Assets". Bloomberg. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Shell press release[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e Rik Kirkland (June 2014). "Leading in the 21st century: An interview with Shell's Ann Pickard". McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
- ^ "About Shell – The history of the Shell logo". About Shell. Shell International B.V. 15 June 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2010.[dead link]
- ^ Business Superbrands, Editor: Marcel Knobil, Author James Curtis (2000), Superbrands Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9528153-4-1, p. 93.
- ^ Raymond Loewy Logos
- ^ "1980s to the new millennium — Shell Global". Shell Global. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- ^ "Post-war expansion". Shell. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
- ^ "Where we operate". Shell. Retrieved 9 December 2010.[dead link]
- ^ a b Smith, David (8 December 2010). "WikiLeaks cables: Shell's grip on Nigerian state revealed". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 9 December 2010.
- ^ "Shell Group To Divest Assets In 21 African Countries". Peace FM Online. 8 April 2010.[dead link]
- ^ Shell Denies Rumours of Planned Market Exit
- ^ The history of Shell in Malaysia - Malaysia
- ^ "Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation". Shell.com.ph. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Nasdaq.com". Nasdaq.com. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ Book "Down Many a Road", the story of Shell in Ireland from 1902 to 200 – Bob Montgomery Dreolín Publications 2002 ISBN 1-902773-11-X
- ^ Shell in Ireland[dead link]
- ^ Making a big deal: the movers and shakers in Irish business[dead link]
- ^ Hennessy, Niamh (20 February 2008). "Topaz spending €50m re-branding Shell and Statoil stations nationwide". Archives.tcm.ie. Retrieved 17 May 2012.[dead link]
- ^ "7-Eleven and Shell join forces at 269 petrol stations" (Press release). Shell International B.V. 27 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.[dead link]
- ^ "Shell reviewing portfolio of LPG businesses" (Press release). Shell International B.V. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Shell Etsii mahdollista ostajaa Suomen toiminnoilleen" (Press release). Shell Finland. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Keele buys Shell's Finnish and Swedish businesses" (Press release). Helsinki Times. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Smith, Peter (20 May 2011). "ft.com". Financial Times. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "gastoday.com.au". gastoday.com.au. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ Matt Chambers (4 June 2013). "Geelong refinery writedown hits Shell for $203m". The Australian. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ "Vitol pays $2.6 billion for Shell's Australian refinery, petrol stations". Reuters. 21 Feb 2014. Retrieved 21 Feb 2014.
- ^ "SolarWorld Acquires Shell's Solar Business". RenewableEnergyWorld.com. 2 February 2006. Retrieved 18 August 2008.
- ^ Shell pulls out of key wind power project, Financial Times, 1 May 2008
- ^ Stanley, Dean. "Shell Takes Flexible Approach to Fueling the Future". Executive View. Corland Publishing. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ Shell and Cosan join forces for $ 12 billion ethanol venture[dead link]
- ^ "Shell initiates Beaufort Sea oil exploration". Offshore Magazine (Pennwell Corporation). 2006-03-17. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
- ^ Bailey, Alan (2007-02-04). "Shell proposes 18 wells". Petroleum News 12 (5). Retrieved 2013-01-12.
- ^ a b c d e Jon Birger (3 January 2013). "What I learned aboard Shell's grounded Alaskan oil rig". Fortune Magazine. Time, Inc. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
- ^ Eaton, Joe (2012-07-27). "Shell Scales Back 2012 Arctic Drilling Goals". National Geographic. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
- ^ Demer, Lisa (2012-06-27). "Shell drill rigs depart Seattle for Arctic waters in Alaska". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
- ^ a b c Jerry Beilinson (1 January 2013). "What Shell's Kulluk Oil Rig Accident Means for Arctic Drilling". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Communication, Inc. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
- ^ a b Phil Radford (24 May 2010). "[BP]resident Obama: Where Does BP Begin and Obama End?". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
- ^ a b Mat Smith (2013-02-27). "Shell halts Arctic drill plans for 2013". CNN. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- ^ a b Terry Macalister (30 January 2014). "Shell shelves plan to drill in Alaskan Arctic this summer". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ "The My Hero Project – Ken Saro Wiwa". Myhero.com. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ Brent Spar's long saga BBC News, 1998
- ^ Ek Kia, Tan (19 April 2005). "Sustainable Development in Shell" (PDF). Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ G. Thomas Sims (12 April 2007). "Shell Settles With Europe on Overstated Oil Reserves". New York Times.
- ^ Jill Treanor (31 May 2009). "Royal Dutch Shell to compensate shareholders for reserves scandal". The Guardian (London).
- ^ Tim Fawcett (18 March 2004). "Shell's slippery slope". BBC News.
- ^ Bruno, Kenny (24 January 2002). "Greenwash Award to Shell for Clouding the Issue". Campaigns. CorpWatch. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ Gelbspan, Ross. "A modest proposal to stop global warming". Energy Features. Sierra Club. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ John Vidal (13 August 2008). "Shell rapped by ASA for 'greenwash' advert". The Guardian (London).
- ^ Shell International Petroleum Company, Developments in Nigeria (London: March 1995)
- ^ "Shell in Nigeria: What are the issues?". Boycott Shell campaign (Essential Action). Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ^ Shell Nigeria case: Court acquits firm on most charges, United Kingdom: BBC News, 30 January 2013
- ^ "Argentinian town agrees to damages for oil spill". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Radio Netherlands Wordlwide. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ "Court rules Shell must spend US$35mn on Magdalena clean-up". BNamericas. BNamericas. 22 November 2002. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ MacAlister, Terry (5 March 2007). "Shell safety record in North Sea takes a hammering". The Guardian (London).
- ^ a b Ed Pilkington in New York (8 June 2009). "Shell pays out $15.5m over Saro-Wiwa killing". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ The case against Shell
- ^ "Shell settles Nigeria deaths case". BBC News. 9 June 2009.
- ^ "Amnesty.org" (PDF). Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ Vidal, John (3 October 2011). "Shell oil paid Nigerian military to put down protests, court documents show". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 5 October 2011. "Confidential memos, faxes, witness statements and other documents, released in 2009, show the company regularly paid the military to stop the peaceful protest movement against the pollution [...] In 2009, in a New York federal court, that evidence never saw light during the trial."
- ^ Activists protest at Shell's Finnish icebreaker rental. YLE, 16 March 2012. Retrieved on 2012-10-24.
- ^ Greenpeace activists shut down 53 Shell petrol stations 16 July 2012 The Guardian
- ^ Dan Joling (2013-01-08). "Salazar announces Arctic offshore drilling review; Coast Guard investigates Shell grounding". The Morning Call. The Associated Press. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
- ^ Phil Radford and Benjamin Jealous (2013-06-17). "How Shell is trying to send a chill through activist groups across the country". Grist.org. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
- ^ greenpeaceupdate (25 August 2013). "Shell's priceless Grand Prix moment" (Video upload). greenpeaceupdate on YouTube. Google Inc. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ "Greenpeace protest at Shell Belgian F1 Grand Prix event – video" (Video upload). The Guardian. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ "The "Classic" Kulluk". Arctic Ready. Shell. 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- "A Century in Oil" by Stephen Howarth [1997] ISBN 0-297-82247-0. A History of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company.
- "A History of Royal Dutch Shell" by Stephen Howarth and others [2007]. ISBN 978-0-19-929877-8
- "Seven Sisters" by Anthony Sampson (1981) ISBN 978-0-553-23469-5
- "Shell Shock: The secrets and spin of an Oil Giant" by Ian Cummins and John Beasant [2005]. ISBN 1-84018-941-X
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Royal Dutch Shell.
- Official website
- Business data for Royal Dutch Shell plc:
- Hoover's
- Reuters
- SEC filings
- Royal Dutch Shell companies grouped at OpenCorporates
- Royal Dutch Shell
- Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
- Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
- Chemical companies of the Netherlands
- Chemical companies of the United Kingdom
- Oil companies of the Netherlands
- Oil and gas companies of the United Kingdom
- Automotive fuel brands
- Companies established in 1907
- Companies based in London
- Organisations based in The Hague
- Multinational companies headquartered in the Netherlands
- Multinational oil companies
- 1907 establishments in the Netherlands
- 1907 establishments in the United Kingdom


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---- — FORT COVINGTON — A Constable woman was injured in a one-car accident Jan. 4.
Lisa J. Lane, 50, was traveling southeast on Route 37 near Woolen Mill Road in the Town of Fort Covington shortly before 3:37 p.m. when she lost control of her vehicle on icy roads due to excessive speed and veered to the northeast, exiting the roadway, Malone-based State Police said.
No ticket or injury information was available.
— By Staff Writer Felicia Krieg


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In this article, Crystal touches on the common behavioral issue of digging and gives some quick insight into common causes and corrections for this dirty habit. Spring is here! (Or trying to be here) And with all of that …
Tips from the Trainer
Tips from the Trainer: Barrier Frustation
In this article, Crystal explains a common motivator for aggressive behavior that shows why the grass isn't always greener on the other side… even in the spring.
Tips from the Trainer: Open the Lines of Communication
OPEN THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION There are three basic things that a dog requires (other than good medical care) to live a happy and well balanced life. The previous two articles each focused on
Mental Stimulation: Dogs Get Bored Too!
Mental stimulation is a big piece of the puzzle when it comes to your dog living a well-balanced, happy life. In this article, Crystal suggests an easy and effective way to provide more mental stimulation for your best friend.


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There is always lots going on around Exmoor, however one thing Exmoor is very famous for is for its large population of Deer. The Red Deer are the UKs largest native land mammals. They can weigh anything up to 190kg and The Red Deer are one of only two of our native species.
In October the deer rutting season starts in the UK. The Rut is when the stag rounds up a group of females for mating, of course every other male wants to do the same so this results in the stag having to drive away the rivals to maintain control over the group of females. The stag does this by constantly bellowing out an echoing roar and if another male approaches the females it can break out into a fight between the males.
The deer rutting is truly spectacular and Exmoor is one of the best places to see it. The Exmoor Safari runs daily from The Exmoor White Horse and can give you one of the best seats in the house to experience this fantastic sight.
Keep and eye on the Exmoor Safari website for news on our Deer Rutting Safari.
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A federal lawsuit filed by local activist Antonio Buehler by NLG Texoma RVP Daphne Silverman against the Austin Police Department has cleared a hurdle as a U.S. magistrate judge this week upheld his constitutional right to photograph and film police officers.
The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) expresses its outrage about Israel's ongoing indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks against Palestinian civilians and civilian objects in the Gaza Strip. Following a barrage of recent airstrikes, the Israeli military on July 17 began a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip.


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Aaron Tveit, Samantha Barks, Stephanie J. Block and More Will Be Featured at Recording Academy Honors
By Carey Purcell
The 2013 Recording Academy Honors will feature stage and screen stars Aaron Tveit, Samantha Barks and Stephanie J. Block, as well as Michael Bolton, Kristian Bush and David Caddick, Joan Osborne, "American Idol" music director Ray Chew, singer-songwriters Peter Cincotti and Frankie Moreno, Island Def Jam music group president Steve Bartels, IMG founder Charles Hamlen and entertainment and media entrepreneur Kevin Liles.
As previously reported by Playbill, the gala will celebrate honorees Ashford & Simpson, Grammy-winning violinist Joshua Bell, Grammy-winning artist Melissa Etheridge, Grammy-winning creators of Les Misérables — Alain Boublil, Herbert Kretzmer and Claude-Michel Schönberg — and R&B singer/songwriter Trey Songz.
The recipients will be honored at a gala event June 25 at 6 PM in Manhattan. Tribute presentations with celebrity presenters and performers will be part of the evening. The event will support the Chapter's ongoing advocacy, education and professional development programs.
The Recording Academy Honors were established to celebrate outstanding individuals whose work embodies excellence and integrity and who have improved the environment for the creative community.
Tickets to the event can be purchased by calling (212) 245-5440, and more information about the Academy can be found at grammys.com.
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Horse-Drawn Sleigh Rides
Romance for gourmets
How about a romantic horse-drawn sleigh ride?
Relaxing fun for the entire family or a highlight for a company outing. Perhaps the perfect fairytale start for a wedding or an idyllic romantic ride for couples in love.
Enjoy the peace and the romance on a horse-drawn sleigh ride through the deeply snow-shrouded winter landscape.
Obertauern, Gnadenalm
4 km before Obertauern
8 km before Obertauern
www.hotel-schuetz.at - further Information
www.postgut.at - further Information


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Aeternum works with partners such as private equity funds,
technology providers, operators, and infrastructure funds to
originate investments, add value and deliver investment
Aeternum are developing a range of infrastructure projects
across the UK including integrated Renewable Energy and Recycling
Villages, Advanced Water Treatment Plants, Biofuels and Advanced
Lubricant Manufacture and Oil Storage facilities.
Aeternum manage and partner proven and sustainable technology
operators to create recyclable products and power.
Aeternum operate a range of biofuel processing technologies, as
well as partner proven technology operators.
The regulated UK waste water industry provides the ideal market
for private facilities operating merchant treatment plants for
hazardous water treatment plants.
Aeternum is committed to the highest environmental standards and
aims to meet or exceed industry sustainability guidelines.
© 2011 Aeternum Capital. All Rights Reserved.


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Samantha Pompeo studied in Argentina last summer on a scholarship from the AFS-USA program.
Samantha, who graduated this year from Apex High School, studied Spanish in high school and was president of the school's Spanish Club and Spanish National Honor Society. She has organized English as a Second Language tutoring at a local elementary school and previously studied abroad in Russia.
With AFS (formerly the American Field Service), she studied language and culture and lived with a host family.


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607-254-4833 firstname.lastname@example.com
321 Biotechnology Bldg
Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Plant Molecular Biology
Publications | Research | Faculty
Maureen R. Hanson is Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor in the Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics. She received a B.S. degree from Duke University and a Ph.D. in Biology from Harvard University. After completing an NIH NRSA postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard, she joined the faculty of the Biology Department at University of Virginia. In 1985 she moved to Cornell as Associate Professor in the Section of Genetics and Development. She is presently a member of the graduate Fields of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Genetics and Development, and Plant Biology, and a joint member of the Department of Plant Biology.
Research Focus:
RNA editing in organelles
Functional genomics of RNA binding proteins
Dynamic organization of the plant cell
Expression of therapeutic proteins and industrial enzymes in plants
The biological basis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Hanson Lab Website
Current Research Projects
Supplementary information to journal articles
Additional images and time-laspse movies can be seen at More information for journal articles
Kohler, R.H. and M.R. Hanson. 2000. Plastid tubules of higher plants are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated J. Cell Science 113: 81-89. Köhler, R.H. 1998.
FP for in vivo imaging of subcellular structures in plant cells. Trends in Plant Science 3 :317-320. Hanson, M.R. and R.H. Köhler, 2001.
GFP imaging: methodology and application to investigate cellular compartmentation in plants. J. Exp. Botany 52: 529-539.
Kwok, E.Y. and M.R. Hanson. 2004. Stromules and the dynamic nature of plastid morphology. J. Microscopy, 214:124-137.
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Click here to view Dr. Hanson's PubMed listings.


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Clarkstown Supervisor Alex Gromack began his 2013 State of the Town address focusing on the safety of town residents, especially its young ones in the wake of the Newtown, CT shootings. Gromack spoke Thursday night about a grant application for enhanced safety at the schools that was started two years ago. It included requests for funding for keyless entry, security cameras connected to the police department, remote lockdown capabilities and expanded police training in the area of autism, sensitivity and terrorism. He pledged to renew the effort to get state monies for safety improvements.
In a similar vein, he reminded residents to register for the Clarkstown Ready Program, which will provide immediate notification in the event of emergencies, closures and other situations to people by landline phone, cell phone, pager and other mobile devices. According to police officials about 3,500 people have signed up since the program was launched in late November and their goal is for 30,000 by year's end.
Gromack reviewed developments over the past eight years including flood mitigation projects pointing out that 125 of 150 identified projects have been completed. Another 10 are scheduled for 2013. He spoke about the town's infrastructure and hamlet revitalizations finished in Congers, Nanuet and Valley Cottage. He also mentioned the ones in progress in New City and Central Nyack and how they are helping to transform areas that had struggling businesses, crumbling sidewalks and limited parking to destinations for residents. The supervisor spoke about the participation of community groups and residents and the grants received to help fund the projects.
Gromack touted the town's AAA bond rating, stating it was better than Rockland County and the federal government's ratings. He explained the rating means Clarkstown can borrow money for capital projects at very low rates but did not say how much the town currently has bonded. The town maintains a $15 million surplus.
Gromack said the under construction Shops At Nanuet are creating 1,600 construction jobs and according to the Rockland IDA will create 1,100 permanent positions.
He pledged the government will look at consolidation where it makes financial sense and leads to savings and improving operations as well as working more closely with the other towns and county "to explore inter-municipal opportunities for consolidation."
Gromack expressed optimism that changes would come in the future to avoid the tax hike experienced by taxpayers and placed the blame for the increase on the county.
"The loss of revenue from County sales tax and County mortgage tax and the County's unprecedented and unexpected move to transfer over $3 million dollars in charge backs to our Town, put us in a position where we, like many other municipalities, were unable to stay below the state's tax cap," he said. "I firmly believe that with new leadership on the County level, eliminating these unfair chargebacks to towns, along with more consolidation and inter-municipal cooperation, the pressure on our Town budget and our property tax payers will be reduced."
Gromack ended by saying everyone must continue to work together to improve Clarkstown for the present and for the future.
More than 100 people attended the annual Reorganization Meeting, including State Senator David Carlucci, Legislators Ed Day, Christopher Carey and Aney Paul, Judge Scott Ugell, Judge William Kelly, County Republican Committee Chair Vincent Reda, County Democratic Committee Chair and Democratic Elections Commissioner Kristen Stavisky plus representatives of Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Assemblyman Kenneth Zebrowski.
Clarkstown Police Chaplain David Lothrop led the program, which began, with Presentation of the Colors by the Clarkstown Police Honor Guard, a salute to the flag by two pre-school students and the National Anthem and "Somewhere" sung by the Nanuet High School Concert Choir. Pastor William Cosgrove of St. Augustine Church delivered the invocation. Family Court Judge William Warren swore in Rolf Thorsen for his second term as Clarkstown Town Justice and Rabbi Paul Kurland of the Nanuet Hebrew Center gave the blessing.


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Filed under: Heart & Vascular
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, primarily affecting your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle). The left ventricle becomes enlarged (dilated) and can't pump blood to your body with as much force as a healthy heart can.
Dilated cardiomyopathy doesn't necessarily cause symptoms, but for some people the disease is life-threatening. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure, the inability of the heart to supply the body's tissue and organs with enough blood. Dilated cardiomyopathy may also cause irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia), blood clots or sudden death.
Dilated cardiomyopathy may affect people of all ages, including infants and children. Treatments may be available for the underlying cause of dilated cardiomyopathy, or to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.
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Non-EU visiting applicant
Module directory
The list of Modules non-EU visiting undergraduate students can take.
Entrance requirements
Applications are welcome from all non-EU students to attend Trinity College as a visiting student for a semester or a full academic year. Students must be currently registered at a university and have completed a minimum of two years study. For US students, a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.3 is generally required.
English language proficiency entry requirements
A high level of competence in the English language is required – see English language proficiency entry requirements.
Semester Start-up Programme: 26 August - 13 September 2013
The unique Semester Start-up Programme offers international students an interdisciplinary module (Understanding Ireland) in history, archaeology, art, architecture and literature which is an excellent introduction to Ireland and to Irish culture. The academic staff of the School of Histories and Humanities facilitate the programme, which runs for three weeks in September.
The three principal strands are as follows:
- Irish History: 1000-2000
- Archaeology, Art and Architecture
- Irish Writers through the Ages
The programme includes lectures, tutorials and field trips around Dublin and to other parts of Ireland such as the Boyne Valley and Kilkenny, as well as a range of social evenings to cultural venues such as theatres and typical Dublin pubs.
The Semester Start-up Programme is a most enjoyable and informative introduction to Ireland and will greatly benefit international students. 5 ECTS credits are awarded on successful completion of the programme.
Semester in Northern Ireland for Visiting Undergraduates
Trinity College's Semester in Northern Ireland for Visiting Undergraduates offers international students the opportunity to take specialist modules in the fields of conflict, peace and reconciliation at the Irish School of Ecumenics in Belfast. The semester combines academic study and experiential learning through residence in Belfast. Students take classes in:
- Conflict and Conflict Resolution
- Lessons from the Peace Process in Northern Ireland
- Social and Political Reconciliation
Successful completion of the Modulework assessment carries 30 ECTS credit for the semester. Further information can be found at http://www.tcd.ie/ise/semesterabroad/
Application should be made through the International Admissions desk on the "Application Form for Non-EU Visiting Students" - http://www.tcd.ie/international/apply/non-eu-visiting/. Students must be currently registered at a university and have completed a minimum of two years study. For US students a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.3 is generally required.
How to apply
In order to apply students must complete a Trinity College application form and submit it to the International Admissions desk. Students applying directly to Trinity College can download the application form at Non-EU Visiting Application Form (PDF 342KB)
The closing date for receipt of applications for admission in September is 1 March. Applications for spring entry should reach us by 30 September.
Students should include with their application an official university transcript, a letter of recommendation, an academic statement and a passport sized photograph. . Further information can be found in the Study Abroad brochure and on the application form. Please note we no longer require an application fee
US students can also apply through one of the following organisations which are familiar with Trinity College's procedures and academic expectations. Please note Trinity College will only consider one application; if more than one is received, no action will be taken until the applicant indicates their preferred programme.
- Academic Programs International
301 Camp Craft Road, Suite 100
West Lake Hills
E-mail: email@example.com
Tel: 512-600-8900 / toll free: 800-844-4124 / fax: 512-600-8999
Website: www.apistudyabroad.com
Also: www.facebook.com/APIstudyabroad / twitter.com/apistudyabroad
- Arcadia University, The College of Global Studies
- Foundation for International Education
- GlobaLinks Learning Abroad
- IES Abroad
- Institute for Study Abroad, Butler University
- International Studies Abroad
2294 Massachusetts Avenue
E-mail: email@example.com
Tel: 512-480-8522 / toll free: 800-663-1999 / fax: 512-480-8866
Website: studiesabroad.com/programs/country/ireland/city/Dublin
450 South Easton Road
E-mail: email@example.com or email@example.com
Tel: 215-572-2901 / toll free: 866-927-2234 / fax: 215-572-2174
Website: www.arcadia.edu/abroad/Trinity/
Dublin Business School
13-14 Aungier Street
Dublin 2
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
Tel: +353 (0) 1 417 8785 or +353 (0) 85 848 9555
Website: www.fie.org.uk/
12050 N. Pecos Street, Suite 320
E-mail: email@example.com
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The closing date for receipt of applications for admission in September is 1 March. Applications for spring entry should reach us by 30 September.


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CENTERVILLE — Donald Bates, 63, of Centerville, died June 28, 2013 at Mercy Medical Center in Centerville.
Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Wednesday at Lange Funeral Home and Crematory, Centerville; Pastor Eric Hoover officiating. Burial will be in the Pleasant Hill Cemetery, Cincinnati, Iowa, with military rites.
Visitation will be from 9-11 a.m. Wednesday before the funeral service at the funeral home.
A memorial has been established to "Help for the Homeless" Vets, VA Medical Center and may be left or mailed to the Lange Funeral Home & Crematory, 1900 South 18th St., Centerville, Iowa 52544. Condolences may be left at www.langefh.com


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I think its something that is acceptable in Islam, its not Sunnah or Fard its an option. Not for eeryone but its there for those who can afford to and who have a big enough heart. And i dont like to share anything especially a man who i have waited for my whoooollle life. No way will i share. lol
Brother if you are going to argue that polygamous marriages can become "fard" at any moment then be aware of the current opinions of scholars that are saying it is impermissible right now in specific cases where they will cause harm. A direct quote from Sh. Faraz Rabbani:The general ruling for 2-nd marriage in our times--as so many leading ulama of our times and of recent times have stated--is that it is discouraged or even generally impermissible (though valid, in the general case).These scholars aren't saying that polygamy is "un-Islamic" or legally invalid, per se. Rather, that the *general case* is that most such marriages result in far greater harm than good. Therefore, the *general* ruling would be of impermissibility.A general ruling doesn't necessarily apply to all particular situations, but those individuals would have to consider carefully and consult honestly before any such step.The "general case" refers to what is more common. It is more common for it to be impermissible for a man to take on a second wife than for it to be permitted.Right now, people struggle to even make ONE marriage work.Abu Hanifa had only one wife. When asked why, he replied: One is mercy; two is torment.


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Happy Birthday! Hope you have a good day!
Happy Birthday Henchman!!!!!!!!!!!!
Got some pics up of the newest additions to the truck bro... feel free to check 'em out and let me know what you think
Hey I look forward to it. I don't think I'm going to be doing anything else to my truck until after the winter. The snow days suck around here. I'm trying to find me a little beater truck for this winter and park my truck in the garage. All that chrome and all the road salt don't mix!
I have something up my sleeve as well... i think i should have it on the truck by the end of next week... will keep you updated
Hey there nothing wrong with that. Kind of original. I just never noticed all that other stuff being red. I'm looking for something else for my truck to make it stand out. I know I've added a lot upgrades, but anyone can add that stuff. I want something that no one else is going to think of. I've got a few ideas in mind.
The three main colors on my truck are black, chrome, and red... between the tail lights, the writing and buttons on the weatherguard tool box, and my fire dept. lic. plate... I just wanted (originally) something that else that was red... i just changed them to "chrome" though...
Hey man, you've got a great lookin' truck! do you have anymore pictures of it? I see the wheels are different... is there anything else you've done to it?
Hey thanks for the info! I will be checking it out. And may be I'll start pestering them.
I found them at a site called www.carID.com They sell for around 425$ tho. Can't remember how many sills that got you.
I have been pestering a site called www.gorecon.com to make them for months. They sell dodge and ford versions but no chevy. Check it out!
Master Mechanic
Jr. Engineer
Sr. Apprentice
Jr. Mechanic
Sr. Engineer
Jr. Apprentice


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Home > News & Events > Special Alerts
Special Alerts
Farmers State Bank, Booneville, Kentucky, has contacted the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to report that counterfeit cashier's checks bearing the institution's name are in circulation.
The counterfeit items display the proper routing number of 042107738 for Farmers State Bank. The counterfeit items and the authentic checks are similar. However, authentic cashier's checks have an "X" watermark design on the back that is only visible when held directly in front of light. The counterfeit items do not have this security feature. A copy of a counterfeit item and a copy of an authentic cashier's check (VOID) are attached for your review.
Any information you have concerning this matter should be brought to the attention of:
Information about these instruments may be forwarded to the FDIC's Special Activities Section, 550 17th Street, N.W., Room F-4040, Washington, D.C. 20429, or transmitted electronically to firstname.lastname@example.com. Information related to federal deposit insurance or consumer issues should be submitted to the FDIC using an online form that can be accessed at http://www2.fdic.gov/starsmail/index.asp.Wanda Trosper or Kim Callahan
For your reference, FDIC Special Alerts may be accessed from the FDIC's Web site at www.fdic.gov/news/news/SpecialAlert/2004/index.html. To learn how to automatically receive FDIC Special Alerts through e-mail, please visit www.fdic.gov/about/subscriptions/index.html.
NOTE: As a security precaution, the FDIC does not post to its Web site online copies of fraudulent instruments or copies of the genuine instruments that have been counterfeited. This is to avoid attempts by others to use the electronic versions of these instruments to facilitate additional fraud. Printed copies of fraudulent instruments are mailed with the Special Alert letter to the financial institutions on the letter's distribution list (generally, FDIC-supervised banks - commercial and savings). Printed copies of the Special Alert and its attachment(s) may also be obtained from the FDIC's Public Information Center, 801 17th Street, NW, Room 100, Washington, DC 20434 (telephone: 1-877-275-3342 or (703) 562-2200; fax: (703) 562-2296; or e-mail: email@example.com).
Distribution: FDIC-Supervised Banks (Commercial and Savings)
|Last Updated 09/30/2004


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Well, no wondering which Devils will go.........yet.
Here's Canada so far:
F: Getzlaf, Perry, Tavares, Eberle, Kane,
D: Phaneuf (barf), Subban, Bouwmeester, Methot
Awaiting decision: Stamkos who is looking likely, but not 100% JUST yet
Probably will be there: Benn, R. O'Reilly, Ladd, Skinner, Eric Staal
HC: Lindy Ruff
Not a bad looking initial group of guys who accepted. Wish Phaneuf wasn't there. He can soil the Leaf I don't cheer for all he wants, but when he soils the Leaf I do care about, that's when I get pissed.


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The student government at Boise State voted on the Idaho Senate bill that would allow concealed weapons on campus.
In a resolution against SB 1254, student government leaders said students prefer dealing with university administrators on campus weapons policies and praised the school for providing a safe, student environment.
The bill, by Sen. Curt McKenzie, R-Nampa, would allow retired law enforcement and people with enhanced concealed-weapons permits to carry guns on college campuses. The State Board of Eduction has unanimously opposed the bill, saying it raises questions of student safety.


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enterovirus en·ter·o·vi·rus (ěn'tə-rō-vī'rəs)
A virus of the genus Enterovirus. Also called enteric virus.
Enterovirus n.
A genus of picornaviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses, that infect the gastrointestinal tract and often spread to other areas of the body, especially the nervous system.
|enterovirus (ěn'tə-rō-vī'rəs) Pronunciation Key
Any of various viruses of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. Enteroviruses affect the intestinal tract and also cause respiratory, neurologic and other infections.


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Anthony Wing Kosner, Contributor
Quantum of Content and innovations in user experience
Yesterday, Apple CEO Tim Cook admitted that the company had taken a wrong turn by releasing its new Maps app before it was ready for prime time. "We strive to make world-class products that deliver the best experience possible to our customers," Cook wrote in an open letter. "With the launch of our new Maps last week, we fell short on this commitment."
Cook went on to recommend some alternatives to the built-in app, "While we're improving Maps, you can try alternatives by downloading map apps from the App Store like Bing, MapQuest and Waze, or use Google or Nokia maps by going to their websites and creating an icon on your home screen to their web app."
As unprecedented as it is for Apple to recommend alternatives to its built-in apps, the company could have gone one better. If Apple is really serious about "make[ing] world-class products that deliver the best experience possible to our customers," they should add a field to the Maps preferences settings that would allow users to select an alternate default mapping app.
Of course, this is the last thing that Apple wants to do, because once users begin to question the primacy of the built-in apps, the spell is broken on the invincibility of the iOS platform. Like marks on the surface of a beautiful painting, once you are aware of the imperfections, it is hard to re-enter the illusion of the image.
But since this is about the user's experience (supposedly) not the company's market share, it's worth considering that on iOS, not all apps are created equal. The default apps have a "home-field advantage" that goes beyond an icon on the home screen. As Cook helpfully pointed out, you can put a different map app (or in the case of Google or Nokia, a shortcut to their web apps) on your home screen.
But, what happens when you get an email with an address in the body of the text? Or find an address in Safari? Or look up a contact in your Address Book? Through the wonder of micro-formats, iOS recognizes these (for the most part) as addresses and creates a hyperlink to the location—in the built-in Maps app! So, you can put as many alternative choices as you want on your home screen, but you will still find yourself in the default Maps app as a normal part of your iOS experience.
Providing users with the ability to specify alternatives to the default built-in apps would go a considerable way towards making iOS a more open platform. If Apple ever got in trouble about monopolistic practices, that's the kind of fix that regulators might suggest. Apple would probably argue that one of the things that makes its mobile platform superior to Android is the uniformity and consistency of its built-in apps. But if the company fails to live up to those standards—as Cook has admitted they have in this case—what then?
The truth is that Apple could have it both ways—if it's willing to give up a little control (I know, this is a big "if"!) Just as Apple has an approval process for inclusion in the App Store, they could have a more stringent approval process for "approved alternative default apps" for its core offerings. The short-term risk to the company would actually be quite low, because research shows that users in all kinds of situations overwhelmingly choose default options. The early adopter types that would be likely to specify their own defaults are also the kind most a risk for leaving the platform in search of more control of their experience, anyway.
This is an idea that, frankly, didn't occur to me before this whole map flap, but I think it could make a lot of sense, not only for users, but for Apple, too. Giving users control of their defaults would both show them respect and create a more "convivial" app ecosystem between Apple and its developers. Apple would be in a position of having to continually maintain its position of having the best app for a given function, and ambitious developers would have an incentive to rethink core aspects of the iOS user experience. And if someone (other than Google) comes up with a better core app, Apple could always, you know, buy it.
So, although I think Tim Cook's recommendation of Bing, MapQuest, Waze, Google or Nokia as temporary work-arounds is admirable, I don't think it really goes far enough to really solve users' problems with the built-in app. This could, in fact, be an opportunity for the company to adopt a more open approach to its app ecosystem (similar to what Adobe is attempting with their new HLML 5 tools) that will continue to engage both power-users and the masses. How about it, Tim?
To keep up with Quantum of Content, please subscribe to my updates on Facebook or follow me on Twitter.
Apple needs to think about what exactly they sell to their customers and what their business should be. Apple designs and sells the iPhone as what should be the best overall smartphone experience. Why is Apple considering any app or service as being a part of its business as opposed to enhancing the user experience for the iPhone?
So yes, Apple absolutely should allow for default app settings for maps, browser, email, and others. Currently it's the biggest flaw in iOS. Mapplegate would've never have happened if Google Maps was still an option, and able to be set as the default. Apple Maps would've only been seen as a nice looking optional beta under development.
And even if Apple Maps gets further developed to the point of being by far the best map app on any platform, people will still have their individual preferences which should be respected.
Or maybe Apple should try making Adobe and Microsoft products not fully work with OS X in order to promote their own software and see what happens to Mac sales.
This article is right on the money. Tim Cook's suggestion of using other map apps or Google Maps through a web browser is hollow when those maps are not integrated in the IOS 6 platform. Most of my map usage is through other apps such as on Yelp or the browser so having an alternate maps app that is not the default or using Google Maps on the browser is pretty useless.
Generally, Apple should allow users to dictate the defaults on ALL app functions, not just Maps. The native Apple browser Safari is very weak compared to other browser apps available, particularly Chrome. On Safari, you can't even make embedded videos go full-screen, which is ridiculous. There are problems with cookies on Safari, and on many sites with login Safari is just a nightmare experience. For example, you can try to login to Yahoo, but it's impossible. Every time you put your login and password and enter, it will direct you back to the login page. Posting responses on Yahoo News stories is utterly impossible as Safari won't even allow you to login.
None of these bugs exist on Chrome which has the smoothest browsing experience possible on IOS 6. It also remembers the sites you visit most, enriching the browsing experience, and has a stealth mode, which is great for visiting bomb making sites when you don't want to let people know.
Apple should also allow users to delete the stock IOS 6 apps they don't need. I have no use for and never use the Game Center, Newsstand and Photo Booth apps and yet here they are, taking up valuable screen space.
It seems unbelievable and in the Dark Ages that here on a device I've paid hundreds of dollars for that I'm not able to customize it as I like, set defaults for what I want to use, and remove unnecessary applications that take up valuable storage and screen space.
If Microsoft isn't allowed to build Internet Explorer into their platforms without the ability to uninstall it or remove it as the default browsing software, I'm not sure how Apple can get away with doing exactly that with Safari on IOS 6 along with their other stock native apps.
Sadly, Apple has become more and more like Microsoft in recent years, particularly after Steve Jobs passed away. Now that it's been surpassed as the technology innovation leader by Google, it seems Apple has become more and more desperate. Where once Apple competed through innovation, nowadays it competes through patent trolling lawsuits and hampering technological progress and competition.
If only Apple would return to the Apple of old, where customer satisfaction was the number one priority. Now with how they purposefully offered their customers an inferior product with Apple Maps, prioritizing corporate greed and self-interest over customer satisfaction, its apparent that Apple is no longer the same company that Steve Jobs built.
You mean to tell me you cant select what is your default maps app on iOS.
Android rules.
It would be prudent for Apple to allow alternative default application
to avoid frustration by apple users in some critical situation, where
come time and life saving situation.
When I got my first iPhone the person at the store (I did not buy it at an apple store) asked me whether I wanted to be able to "customize" my phone or just use it. when I said just use it, she recommended the iphone. I am not an apple junkie and in fact find some of their " if we did not think of it it can't be a good idea" to be laughable–like whats with no right click on the trackpad (yes I know you can do it by programming it in, but come on). This maps thing is just another example of their arrogance, and faith that the junkies will buy anything they make and not complain. you can't criticize apple! why is that some people who would balk at living in a dictatorship put up with apple controlling what they do with their phones?
Apple doesn't want users to have many options. I know this sounds wrong at first, but think about it.
The reason why most Android users like Android is because of the multitude of options. I find that most iPhone users have some sort of affinity to Apple and/or prefer the "it just works" concept of the iPhone/iPad. If they start adding options and choices, the user will get less of that "it just works" appeal of iOS, and before you know it you'll have an Android wannabe phone that isn't as good as Android.
Apple MUST limit options and choices because it is what makes the iPhone/iPad what it is and what it's known for.
They just can't simply advertise as "Simple, and by simple, we mean less" for obviously reasons. Ever wonder why Apple spends all their time trying to convince you it has more everything? (they have been very successful at convincing people of this) Because it simply doesn't have more.
Think about it. You kinda have to agree don't ya?
Check out the CLIPCLOCK mobile app. The new social hub to discover and share the best video moments with your favorites!!! Here's the link: www.clipclock.com/download/571


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Our innovative and forward thinking approaches, coupled with our scale and strength, enable us to make a significant impact on the delivery of high-quality care while remaining well-positioned for success in the new healthcare environment.
For more detailed information about Tenet, we invite you to review our most recent Forms 10-K and 10-Q.
© 2001-2014 TH Medical. All Rights Reserved.
On this Web site, the terms "Tenet," "the company," "we," "us" or "our" refer to
Tenet Healthcare Corporation and/or its subsidiaries or affiliates.
The hospitals and hospital programs described on this Web site are owned and/or
operated by subsidiaries or affiliates of Tenet Healthcare Corporation.


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100% of customers would recommend this product to a friend (10 out of 10)
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: - it has eight adapters to virtually combine any laptop on the market - it has an usb port - it has an 12v port - it's portable - it's light - it's robust and the body is of metal, not plastic - it's very easy to put and change the plugs to find what is the appropriate to your laptop
Cons: the cables could be longer thant they are (about 80 cm long)
Other: It's worth for the price, the number of adapters, the usb port and the 12v port.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Definitely worth the price, made of high quality material, with different adapters tips that will fit nicely for most major brand of laptops. Very easy to use, especially with that voltage toggle switch and light indicator, and of course built-in voltage controller so rest assured this product is extremely safe to use. Something you must have at home or in the office. Extra features, 5V built in USB charger on the adapter is very useful to charge other devices concurrently. You can actually use it for other electronic devices too, as long voltage is compatible and the ultimate 100W power. It is light weight and easy to carry around unlike other adapters in the market.
Cons: Practically none to mention, extremely pleased with the product.
Other: Might be a bit pricey, but still highly recommended.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Can use from 230V and from car too! It's working on 12,15,16,18,19,20,22 and 24V DC. + 5V USB! Cheap, really light weight, small, all cables included can be used for 8 different kind of laptops! Easy to use, easy to carry.
Cons: 2m lenght. The out voltage isn't exactly what it's written on it. It's always a bit more, like 12,6V 15,3V etc. Be careful with it! Didn't found anything else yet.
Other: I prefer this one for everyone who travels a lot because of the weight and size and because of the usage from 230v or car adapter. A lot of pros ;o)
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Works as advertised. Well packaged. Metal casing. Not overheating even under load. They provide stable current. Various plugs are included. Other reviews comment on the rather short length of cables, but I don't find them a problem. In fact I'll have to shorten them to tidy up the wiring, but it might be just my case since they are permanently mounted and installed.
Cons: None I can think of.
Other: I'm happy with them. Considering to order some more.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Good build quality. Good price. The adapter has a metal casing, which is good heat dissipation during charging. Wide range of operating voltage at the output. It is possible to charge from a 220 V and 12 V, the kit includes a car adapter. Adapter have a connector usb with +5 V for charging mobile devices. Includes 8 adapters for different laptops. Successfully charging my HP Mini 110-3700er. Laptops HP Compaq 6730b & HP Compaq 6710b charging no problem with 7.4 x 5.0 adapter.
Cons: 7.4 x 5.0mm round male Power adapter not include, it is necessary to charge some models of HP, bit not a problem for me and I ordered adapter - SKU 82026 (5.5 x 2.1mm Female to 7.4 x 5.0mm Round Male Power Adapter for HP Laptop).
Other: An indispensable thing for travel. I recommend for purchase.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Works with majority of laptops Can be used to power other devices (LCDs, etc.) 12V car adaptor
Cons: The USB power output failed on one of mine Very, very, VERY short cables! Output voltage switch is easy to switch by accident
Other: Get it, buy a longer AC wire and you'll be happy.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Works better than the original for an HP, as it charges quicker than the original.
Cons: There was no adapter for my HP, but it was easy to weld the original one parallel. It gets hot in some about 20mins of usage, I will have to test it further to know if it will melt anything inside.
Other: I recommend it, it is not too big, and gives you plenty of possibilities to charge your laptop and many other devices via USB.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: Buen adaptador a muy buen precio, teniendo en cuenta que podemos seleccionar el voltage que necesitemos y con unos niveles de amperaje decentes (segun fabricante). Yo personalmente lo he cojido para poder tener el portatil en el coche cuando lo necesite sin quedarme sin bateria y ademas tener un adaptador de repuesto para casa en caso de que el original se rompa.
Un buen producto y sobre todo a un precio razonable.
Cons: De momento niguna.
Other: Bueadaptador y a un precio correcto.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: - Charging head fits most (if not all) brands of laptop except ThinkPad. - Lightweight, not that heavy or bulky. - Comes with cigarette lighter, which is very handy if you have to use your laptop in the car. - Handy USB port which allows you to power and charge your devices along with the laptop.
Cons: - Cable isn't that long, but still, comparable with your original cable. If not, use your original cable and plug it into the adapter. They work the same.
Other: Buy it if you need a universal-ac adapter.
Involvement Level: Expert (understands the inner workings)
Pros: An excellent choice for a small price. All friends envy me and ordered a similar power supply from this site.
Cons: Few adapters. Unfortunately, I could not find a thin adapter to connect a notebook model HP. In fact, the adapter was, but the plug was thicker than the hole in the laptop.
A little hot when running on 3 hours.
Other: It is convenient that you can connect almost any laptop does not matter what power supply will be him. There is also a +5 USB powered, for example if you want to feed an external HDD or connect the USB charger bypassing the computer.
Car cigarette power socket adapter included, is very helpful to work with a laptop in the car.
Great deal!
I recommend to buy up Russia was sending about 3 weeks.
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