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Bruce Upbin, Forbes Staff
I manage our technology coverage.
This is a guest post written by Reid Hoffman, Ali Rosenthal and James Slavet from Greylock Partners.
Credit and debit cards are ubiquitous, but they're mostly pretty dumb. That's about to change. Over 170 million people in the U.S. have credit cards, and the average card holder has 3.5 of them. And those totals are not even counting debit cards, which are roughly 40% of the total market and growing. That's a crap load of plastic! In spite of the promise of mobile payments, plastic cards are not going away any time soon.
We're at the early stages of a massive wave of innovation in the payment industry. It's like when Apple launched the iOS platform for mobile developers. The platform in this case is the payment network. Software developers will add new capabilities to cards by programming the payment network to link online applications to specific payment events. Consumers will be able to effectively "drag and drop" apps to their smart cards in the same way that they add apps to their smart phones today.
We're big believers at Greylock in the future of "online to offline" commerce, and we're seeing a ton of innovation in this space. One of our portfolio companies, CardSpring, announced a major partnership with First Data earlier this week. We've invested in several other "online to offline" commerce companies including Coupons.com, Groupon, Shopkick, Swipely, TrialPay and Wrapp. And there are many other companies innovating in the space, including startups like Square, and established companies like Google, American Express and Visa.
For all of the attention focused on online commerce, the market opportunity for "online to offline" commerce is way bigger. Online commerce is now a $200 billion industry, but it's still small compared to offline transactions. Up to 70% of consumer spending is influenced by Web and mobile research, but over 90% of actual transactions are still conducted in the physical world. Several major industries are motivated to see this new app developer ecosystem take flight. Retail marketers know they can advertise more efficiently if they can actually track and close the redemption loop from online browsing to offline buying. Major consumer internet and financial services companies are also highly motivated, as they see a path to greater advertising and promotion-based revenue if they can demonstrate more marketing value through closing the loop. Online budgets that are directed at social ad campaigns will further expand as consumers share experiences connected to their offline card transactions, including reviews and gifting. So what will be the impact of this emerging app platform on the card carrying public?
Expanded memory: If you're like most people, it's hard to keep track of all of your paper and plastic. With cloud-connected cards, you can clear out your desk drawer or wallet. Instead of holding on to that Red Lobster gift card, REI loyalty card and printed Groupon deal, you can add these to your card, and receive benefits automatically when you make a purchase. You can also store a digital receipt or warranty on your card rather than keeping these in a filing cabinet in the basement. You'll be kind of like Bradley Cooper in "Limitless", without the creepy smile or the terrible side effects.
New spending habits: The ads and offers that you receive today via the Web and mobile are mostly blind to how you're actually spending your money in the physical world. As these databases are more intelligently connected, the offers you receive will become significantly more relevant and compelling, based on where you spend your actual time and money. Note to payment network innovators: it's critical that these programs are introduced in a way that protects consumer privacy and retains consumer trust.
Our spending habits tend to be just that, habits. So if you drink coffee at Starbucks three times a week but never try any of their food, you'll receive an offer to try one of their fruit plates. Or if you buy gas at a Shell Station on your way to work once a week, you'll be offered a better deal at the Texaco that is right across the street. The discount you receive from a merchant may also vary based on how hard they think your existing habits are to break. Merchants will be able to dynamically manage supply and demand in their local market by testing real-time what types of discounts and offers they need to offer so as to acquire foot traffic. So Supercuts might offer "40% off" if your historical buying patterns are concentrated 5 miles away, and "10% off" if your transactions are centered 5 blocks away.
Validated check-ins and reviews: One potential downside of most consumer review sites is that published opinions are dominated by a small, vocal minority. There's value in getting a broader sampling of people to share their views. A growing percentage of reviews on sites like Yelp and check-ins on sites like Foursquare will over time be tied to actual transaction activity. When you and your friends buy, you'll be asked via email or text message if you'd like to check-in or provide a review. As a result, more customers will provide feedback and recommendations, and the information they provide will be better validated, in connection with actual transaction activity. A review or check-in will carry additional weight when it's been validated.
Quantified self: The "quantified self" is an emerging trend in the digital health space. Early adopters and fitness buffs are wearing devices like Fitbits and Nike FuelBands to track their heart rates, calories burned, quality of sleep and more, so that they can measure and improve their health and performance. The cloud-connected credit card will also deliver a stream of valuable intelligence based on your transaction behavior. Your health data stream alone could include how much of your diet is fast food, how often you actually visited your health club, and how many times you stopped for coffee (aka "your caffeinated self"). Your appified card can also deliver you informed insights on your spending activities across other life categories so that you can optimize decisions and be your best self.
If the "card as platform" paradigm takes off, the shift to phone payments is less compelling. If you give me the right UX on something I use today, why would I learn another behavior – pulling out my phone when I have no reason to call / text / email?
The real race will be in standardization, where the mobile industry has a head-start. The payments industry will need to evolve into an open, standards-based "transactions" industry – easier said than done. But at least this removes an extra variable – the need to accommodate the mobile phone industry's (at times conflicting) priorities.
An ideal solution would see the payments and mobile phone industries as complementary: the phone as a So-Lo-Mo tool, the card as an ID management + fulfillment tool. Tightly integrated UX, each incomplete without the other, but not encroaching on each others' territories.
Utopian? :-)
I was thinking exactly the same thing. This seems like a step backwards compared to what Google was doing with Google Wallets using NFC. Why add an app ecosystem to plastic when you can just leverage the existing app ecosystem on mobile platforms. Of course, security is going to be a huge issue, but it is nothing encryption and biometrics, e.g., facial recognition & iris scans, can't solve.
but also as well as Google Wallets using NFC, Don't get me wrong, I think its a neat concept and ideal given that the security factor is taken care of… then I guess the new thing to think about is what would you do if Everything say is in one device and if your phone is out of "Batteries", then you can't or unable to purchase anything unless you have the physical plastic on you. Or Even worse, if you lost your Phone or have it Stolen. your personal and sensitive information including banking info, Credit Card. Your contacts info. Is at the disposal of anyone? right?? If my post has already been covered. then I apologize before hand and would someone please redirect me. Thansk
Why Utopian??? Our application already is functioning with smart phones which are using Android also with I phones without any modifications on phones
The physical credit card with or without an RFID device linked to the clould is pretty, pretty good and pretty pretty good usually pays of handsomely.
I agree. Not everyone is ready to embrace "the credit card as a platform."
Phil Simon
and if your wallet or purse is stolen now are you not in the same situation?
My wallet is not able to be read by electronic snoopers, as long as I keep it in the aluminum case. Looking at the new scanners, used to read your card illegaly, why would I make even more info available?


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A would-be armed robber picked the wrong victim in Tacoma last week, getting a punch in the face instead of the mans valuables, court records show.
The attempted robbery took place Thursday on the soccer fields near McKinley Park in the 900 block of Upper Park Street.
A man told police he and a friend were walking across the fields when he felt a tug on the left side of the leather vest he was wearing, records show. The man said he checked for his cigarettes and found them missing. He turned around to see a third man standing there.
That man, later identified as Cameron Bradley Imholt, 19, said, "Hey," then "put a firearm against the victims chest" and demanded he and his friend give up their belongings, the records show.
"The victim paused for a few seconds in disbelief," deputy prosecutor Hugh Bergenheier wrote in a declaration for probable cause. "The victim then acted instinctively by punching the defendant in the jaw."
The man and his friend then ran away and called 911, reporting the attempted robbery and giving a description of the gunman.
A police officer later spotted Imholt walking near the park and saw he matched the gunmans description. When the officer made a U-turn in his patrol car, Imholt began walking at a faster pace, the records show.
Imholt then entered a nearby convenience store. The officer followed him inside and arrested him at gunpoint, records show. Police found a .380-caliber semiautomatic pistol in his clothes. It allegedly was stolen.
Another officer brought the man who had his cigarettes taken to where Imholt was being detained, and he identified Imholt as the gunman, records show.
Pierce County prosecutors charged Imholt on Friday with attempted first-degree robbery, first-degree theft and possessing a stolen firearm. Not guilty pleas were entered on his behalf. Superior Court Commissioner Meagan Foley ordered him jailed in lieu of $75,000 bail.
Adam Lynn: 253-597-8644

subset: commoncrawl


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Lone Beasley Publisher
Ada Evening News
Ada —
Reality is a hard taskmaster. When Pres. Obama assumed office all the talk and legislation regarding energy supply and use was focused on "cap and trade," a scheme to dramatically reduce carbon emissions.
In July 2010 the Senate killed Sen. John Kerry and Sen. Joe Lieberman's comprehensive climate change and energy bill. Though this legislation would have granted concessions to expand offshore oil and gas drilling, it also would have allowed states "to veto offshore drilling in a neighboring state and opt out of drilling that would occur in waters within 75 miles of its shores," according to a May 13, 2010 article in Time.
Last week, as pump prices inched toward the $4 per regular gallon mark even in the Midwest, Pres. Obama called for expanding drilling in Alaska and potentially exploring more drilling options off the Atlantic coast.
Prior to this announcement no amount of pleading from Alaskan government officials or oil company executives could persuade the President to relinquish the federal government's stranglehold on drilling in our forty-ninth state.
This latest turn of events is also a change from current administration policy that calls for no Atlantic Seaboard offshore drilling until 2018.
These are great steps in the right direction. At least for the short term, by which we mean the next one hundred years barring some miraculous invention, America will remain reliant on oil and gas as sources of energy.
Transitioning from fossil fuels to cleaner energy is a worthy goal, but we cannot afford to cut our collective nose off to spite our face, as the saying goes. This is one of two hard realities with which the Obama administration has apparently come to grips.
The other reality no doubt dawning on Mr. Obama is the fact he will not likely succeed himself as President if he isn't seen as doing everything he can to reduce the price of a regular gallon of gas.
— Loné Beasley


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A Bellevue dentist has been charged with rape and related crimes for allegedly sexually assaulting three young women working at his dental clinic.
King County prosecutors believe that Mercer Island resident Dr. Kam Derakshani attacked the women at his business, Bellevue Advanced Dental Clinic, and threatened their jobs if they reported him to authorities, according to SeattlePI.com.
Derakshani has been charged with third-degree rape and unlawful imprisonment, as well as indecent liberties, and prosecutors have asked that he be held on $50,000 bail, though he has not been jailed in the case.
According to the state, which suspended his dental license in August, Derakshani's employees say that he made unwelcome sexual contact, touching the private parts of his employees
The three young women went to police in March after he pinned one woman against a wall and touched her genitals, a Bellevue Police detective told the court. The news website said a subsequent investigation uncovered myriad allegations against Derakshani, 48, who is charged with sexually assaulting all three employees.
According to charging documents, one of the women told police she went to Derakshani for the first time in late 2011. Having diagnosed her with several cavities, Derakshani treated her teeth and ultimately hired her to work for him.
Derakshani, a 48-year-old Mercer Island resident, groped the woman on her first day at work, and continued doing so on a daily basis in the weeks that followed, the Bellevue detective said in court documents.


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Mireles Elementary invites all Dads to enjoy breakfast with their child at school today. Our cafeteria will open at 7:00 am on this date for breakfast.
Progress Reports Go Home...Students will be issued progress reports. Please review all academic grades, additional information, and teacher comments with your child. Return only the bottom portion of the progress report. Contact your child's teacher to request a parent-teacher conference to discuss any concerns you may have.
Join us tonight for a PTA meeting followed by a Lowe's Program. We will start at 6:30 pm. We hope to see you there.
Mireles Elementary will commemordae National and NISD School Counseling Week
Early Release...Classes for all students will end early today. Student dismissal today will be at 11:45 am. Please ensure that you have informed your child's teacher of the transportation arrangements for your child.
The Mireles Spelling Bee will be conducted throughout the day. Students participating in this year's spelling bee will gather and compete according to guidelines. Contact your child's teacher for additional information regarding the Spelling Bee. We expect the winner of today's competition to represent Mireles Elementary in the city-wide Spelling Bee competition later in the year.
This month Mireles ES will commemorate African American History Month.
Mireles Elementary will celebrate end of the nine-week grading period accomplishments with an Awards Assembly.
Northside Independent School District
5900 Evers Road
San Antonio, TX 78238
(210) 397-8500 · Contact Us
© Copyright 2011, All Rights Reserved
Communications Dept. • Acceptable Use Policy


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Last week, House Speaker Jim Black offered a public mea culpa for his role in the startup of the state lottery and his ties to a Raleigh lobbyist who also served as his campaign's political director.
But in a radio interview Monday, Black was adamant that neither he nor his former political director, Meredith Norris, did anything wrong.
"I have not done anything illegal, absolutely not," Black, a Mecklenburg County Democrat, told Greenville radio station WNCT-AM.
A federal grand jury is looking into Black's ties to Norris, the creation of the state lottery, the video poker industry and the hiring of former state Rep. Michael Decker to a state Cultural Resources job. Federal investigators have not spoken publicly about the nature of their investigation.
Black told the radio station that he is not a target of the investigation.
Norris worked for lottery vendor Scientific Games while Black and other lawmakers pushed the lottery through the legislature. She did not disclose the work, saying that she did not lobby for the company. The company later reported that it reimbursed her about $3,800 for wining and dining lawmakers.
Black told the radio station that he "took the blame" for allowing Norris to lobby for the company and other clients while serving as his unpaid political director. He has said that he told her several weeks ago that she could no longer work for his campaign.
"No, she has not done anything wrong," Black said in the Monday interview. "I take the blame for that. I should have thought more of that. If I had done anything wrong, maybe I would have."
Black said Scientific Games did not hire Norris "until the lottery was passed in the House."
That's not what a Scientific Games vice president, Alan Middleton, told The News & Observer in an interview in September. Middleton said he hired Norris in January, just as the legislative session began, and two months before the House took up the lottery.
Black's press secretary, Julie Robinson, said Black might have misspoken about Norris' hiring.
"I don't think he knows the specific details of when she was hired or what she was doing," Robinson said Tuesday.
Black also said in the radio interview that he will seek a record fifth term as House speaker if he is re-elected next year.
Seeking more input on sonar
Two congressmen who represent the North Carolina coast, Republican Walter Jones and Democrat Mike McIntyre, have asked the Navy to extend by two months the time the public can comment on a sonar training range proposed off the coast.
The Navy wants to install a 660-mile range 47 miles off the coast to test sonar. But the fishing and seafood industry is worried that the testing could hurt such fish as snapper, grouper and bass.
The two congressmen said that not only does the fishing industry need more time to comment on the issue, but also further reviews are needed of scientific findings on how the sonar might affect whales and dolphins.
The National Marine Fisheries Service and three North Carolina universities plan next year to release a report on why 37 stranded whales died within 24 hours of a Navy sonar exercise.
Myrick temporarily silenced
U.S. Rep. Sue Myrick of Charlotte is recovering from jaw surgery that will reduce her ability to give interviews and speeches during the next six weeks.
Myrick, a potential GOP candidate for governor in 2008, underwent bilateral temporomandibular joint reconstruction surgery Monday. The surgery is designed to address degenerative joint disease in her jaw, according to her spokesman Andy Polk.
Polk said it will be difficult for Myrick to give interviews or speeches for the next month to six weeks.
Before Congress adjourned last week, Myrick scored a victory when she got the House to adopt an amendment requiring illegal immigrants to be deported if they are convicted of drunken driving.
The measure came after a Gaston County teacher was killed after being hit by an illegal immigrant who was driving drunk.
"You drink," Myrick told the House. "You drive. You're illegal. You're deported. Period."
Kane can be reached at 829-4861 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Latest Posts
Ben Nelson Is Retiring
Sources are saying Sen. Ben Nelson (D-ish, Neb.) is going to announce his retirement tomorrow, perhaps so he can spend more time learning how to use an ATM. What this means for the Democrats' tenuous grasp on a Senate majority, nobody knows, but we can probably assume Nelson's departure will make it harder for them to not get absolutely nothing done.
Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images News/Getty Images
Tags: Ben Nelson, Democrats, Nebraska, Senate
Stephen Colbert on Super PAC Issue Ads
Here's an excellent rule of thumb when considering anything in your life: If Karl Rove is in favor it it, it's probably the best idea ever!
Coverage continues with Stephen's personal attorney Trevor Potter and a Colbert Super PAC issue ad featuring GOP primary nominee Buddy Roemer after the jump.
The Colbert Report airs Monday through Thursday at 11:30/10:30c.
Tags: Ben Nelson, Buddy Roemer, Colbert Super PAC, Democrats, FEC, Karl Rove, Money, Nebraska, Primaries, Republicans, Rick Perry, Stephen Colbert, The Colbert Report, Trevor Potter, Video
The 2011 Biggest Douchebag Awards – The Nominees
Every year, starting about five minutes ago, we at Indecision choose a handful of lucky nominees for a handful of categories to be in the running for the very prestigious Biggest Douchebag Awards.
This year, we are lucky to find ourselves being sponsored by Denis Leary's brand new, soon-to-drop Comedy Central special Douchebags & Donuts, which coincidentally has the word "douchebags" in its title. Synchronicity!
Here are the nominees. You choose the winners!
The Biggest Douchebag in the Republican Party
More nominees after the jump.
Denis Leary's Douchebags & Donuts premiers on Comedy Central Sunday, January 16 at 10pm / 9c.
Tags: Ben Nelson, Bill Maher, Eric Cantor, Glenn Beck, Harry Reid, Hugo Chavez, Iran, Italy, James Carville, Joe Barton, John Edwards, John McCain, Juan Williams, Karl Rove, Keith Olbermann, Kim Jong Il, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Michael Moore, Michele Bachmann, Michelle Malkin, North Korea, Pat Robertson, Rahm Emanuel, Rod Blagojevich, Rush Limbaugh, Sarah Palin, Silvio Berlusconi, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
Lady Gaga Has Some Words for the Senate Concerning DADT
As is befitting the situation, Lady Gaga has donned her most formal wig to address the U.S. Senate. I think it's only fitting that Sen. Ben Nelson do the same to listen…
Tags: Ben Nelson, DADT, Fashion, Lady Gaga, LGBT, Military, Music
Jon Stewart on the Latest Unemployment News
I don't have to tell you the unemployment situation has been bad, is still bad and appears as if it will continue to be bad until the world ends in 2012. However, there is some good news on the jobs front today. The "Free Lindsay Lohan" t-shirt industry has seen quadruple growth this week with no signs of slowing. Meanwhile, here's what Jon Stewart had to say about unemployment on last night's Daily Show.
The Daily Show airs Monday through Thursday at 11pm / 10c.
Tags: Barack Obama, Ben Nelson, Economy, Fox, Jon Stewart, Nancy Pelosi, Steve Doocy, The Daily Show, Unemployment, Video


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High Country News May 28, 2007
Problems in Paradise
The brutal murder of a Japanese tourist shines an unwelcome spotlight on the social problems plaguing Arizona's beautiful but troubled Havasupai Reservation
Editor's Note
A common problem
There's a great diversity among American Indians, but the tribes share some of the same tragic ills that plague the rest of society – particularly those caused by methamphetamine abuse
Dear Friends
Dear friends
New HCN interns Morgan Heim and Eve Rickert; visitors
Uncommon Westerners
Fightin' against the feds
Utah state Rep. Mike Noel is still fighting the federal government over Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument
The deer departed
A plan to reduce the number of exotic deer at California's Point Reyes National Seashore through birth control may end up doing little but alienating hunters
Weathering the academic storm
Dan Donato, whose controversial study on salvage logging sparked an academic firestorm, talks about his research and all it provoked
Voluntary excess
As its budget shrinks, the National Park Service relies more and more on volunteers – and critics say that is not necessarily healthy
Book Reviews
A poet's novel of the San Luis Valley
In Rise, Do Not Be Afraid, poet Aaron Abeyta explores the lives of the people who lived and loved in the long-lost town of Santa Rita in Colorado's remote San Luis Valley
Longing for a buried past
Rick Bass' new short story collection, The Lives of Rocks, proves that his fierce environmental activism has not diminished the intensity of his storytelling genius
Of feral dogs, and feral Westerners
Westerners like to romanticize our wide-open spaces and wild wolves, but in rural areas, our real mascot is the ubiquitous feral dog
Heard Around the West
Heard Around the West
Montana Republican erupts on YouTube; Dogs at Work in Oregon; "Dynamite Shoot" uses real dynamite; wildlife thrives on military bases; "Liberal elk hunting season" in Wyoming; guns beat swords in Utah; taking the cab to Arizona
The cost of driving 'til you qualify
Filet of filly--for lions and leopards
You want pommes frites with that?
Working for a serial killer?
Two Weeks in the West
Two weeks in the West
Chefs fight for salmon, and uranium gets hotter; electricity usage and generation in the West; data on park fees and visitors


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FRANKFORT — Mountaintop removal coal mining is destroying the flowering trees and plants that honey bees depend on for food in the central Appalachians.
So Kentucky lawmakers are considering legislation that would encourage coal companies to replant bee-friendly vegetation on mountains after they finish mining.
The House Committee on Natural Resources and Environment unanimously approved a measure on Thursday that one expert said could help stabilize decreasing bee populations by replanting the nectar- and pollen-producing trees and plants that were on the mountains before they were unearthed in the search for coal.
Democratic state Rep. Fitz Steele of Hazard, a pro-coal lawmaker, is sponsoring the legislation.
The legislation is House Bill 175.
Bees impacted by mountaintop removal coal mining
FRANKFORT — Mountaintop removal coal mining is destroying the flowering trees and plants that honey bees depend on for food in the central Appalachians.
- Science/Environment
- Clean-coal project pushing for help from lawmakers Backers of the proposed $2 billion Cash Creek coal-gasification project in western Kentucky asked lawmakers Thursday to pass legislation that would force utilities to purchase the higher-priced electricity it would generate.
- Coal legislators defend industry as activists call for change Coal came under attack Thursday in Frankfort from a citizen activist group but not much is likely to change according to some key lawmakers.
- Grayson airs TV ad attacking Rand Paul on coal Republican Trey Grayson paints himself as pro-coal and pegs the perceived frontrunner in the U.S. Senate race as unfriendly to the mining industry in a political ad airing in the mining region of eastern Kentucky.
- Beleaguered US to blow up its chemical stockpiles Under the gun to destroy the U.S. chemical weapons stockpile — and now all but certain to miss their deadline — Army officials have a plan to hasten the process: Blow some of them up.
- Appalachian strip mines have long-term environmental effect Reclaimed surface mines in Central Appalachia have continuing environmental impact after their reclamation bonds are released but are not commonly monitored by state and federal regulators, says a new report from the Government Accountability Office.
- UN climate chief quits, leaves talks hanging The sharp-tongued U.N. official who shepherded troubled climate talks for nearly four years announced his resignation Thursday, leaving an uncertain path to a new treaty on global warming.
- Ky. National Guard adds solar panels to facility The Kentucky National Guard is going green.
- Bees impacted by mountaintop removal coal mining Mountaintop removal coal mining is destroying the flowering trees and plants that honey bees depend on for food in the central Appalachians.
- Cold Spring man has eye on the sky Fred Calvert doesn't have to go far for a view that's out of this world.
- Still time for public to comment on Ky.'s forest Kentuckians with an interest in the state's trees and forests are being asked to comment on a draft report that outlines forest-related issues.
- More Science/Environment Headlines


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Winning Eleven 8 delivers a wealth of new moves, tricks and more in-depth gameplay. This includes new free kick and penalty kick techniques, an innovative indirect free kick move and a new dribbling system that offers more control as gamers go one-on-one against opposing players. Winning Eleven 8 will also include an on-screen referee - another first in the series. Further adding to the realism of the game, Winning Eleven 8 will feature 136 club teams, 57 national teams including the Italian, Spanish and Dutch leagues under the official license, and control of up to 4,500 of the world's greatest soccer players. Players are brought to life through photo realistic graphics and authentically modeled features, as well as individual styles of play, movement and ball control. Along with these new features will be more advanced player stats that govern every aspect of their play.
World Soccer Winning Eleven 8 International is a Sports/Soccer video game for PlayStation 2 developed and published by Konami on February 2, 2005. It's rated Everyone by the ESRB and no users have rated it yet.
Our newest cheats for World Soccer Winning Eleven 8 International were added August 9, 2006. We also have the game available on Xbox, in addition to PS2.
If you were looking for World Soccer Winning Eleven 8 International for PS2 cheats, then you might also want cheats for:


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Fashion design
|This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (April 2012)
Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, must at times anticipate changing consumer tastes.
Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions such as evening wear or party dresses.
Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear.
- 1 Structure
- 2 Designing a garment
- 3 History
- 4 Types of fashion
- 5 Income
- 6 Fashion education
- 7 Areas of Fashion Design
- 8 World fashion industry
- 9 Fashion design terms
- 10 See also
- 11 Bibliography
- 12 References
Fashion designers can work in a number of many ways. Fashion designers may work full-time for one fashion as 'in-house designers' which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men's, women's, and children's fashions for the mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Justice, or Juicy are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.
Designing a garment[edit]
Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), he or she will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computerized system. The pattern maker's job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit.
Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at royal courts. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 are considered as fashion design.
It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an economy.
Types of fashion[edit]
The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be split up into additional, more specific categories
Haute couture[edit]
Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a made-to-measure or haute couture basis (French for high-sewing), with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.[1][2] Due to the high cost of each garment, haute couture makes little direct profit for the fashion houses, but is important for prestige and publicity.[3]
Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)[edit]
Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal.
Mass market[edit]
Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear garments using trends set by the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.[4][5][6]
There is a type of design called "kutch" design originated from the German word "kitschig" meaning "ugly" or "not aesthetically pleasing." Kitsch can also refer to "wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion."[7] Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a "kitsch" fashion statement.[8]
|The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (December 2010)
Median annual wages for salaried fashion designers were $61,160 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $42,150 and $87,120.[9] The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,150, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $124,780. Median annual earnings were $52,860 (£28,340) in apparel, piece goods, and notions - the industry employing the largest numbers of fashion designers.[10]
Fashion education[edit]
There are a number of well known specialized art schools and design schools worldwide that offer degrees in fashion design and fashion design technology.[11] Some colleges also offer Masters of Fashion courses. Though it is not a requirement to have a Masters level degree, it is recommended by those already working in the industry to study at this level.
The most notable design schools in the world include:
- Argentina
- School of Architecture, Design and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
- University of Palermo, Buenos Aires
- Bangladesh
- Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTex), Dhaka
- Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology, Dhaka
- BGMEA Institute of Fashion & Technology (BUFT), Dhaka
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- AMD Academy of Fashion and Design
- Berlin University of the Arts
- HTW Berlin
- University of the Arts Bremen
- Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
- Giebichenstein Castle Academy of Arts in Halle
- Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe
- Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
- Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg
- Design Hochschule Schwerin & Leipzig[12]
- Great Britain
- England
- Scotland
- Japan
- Romania
- Academy of Art University in San Francisco, California
- Columbus College of Art and Design in Columbus, Ohio
- Columbia College Chicago in Chicago, Illinois
- El Centro College in Dallas, Texas
- Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City, New York
- Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising in Los Angeles, California
- Kent State University in Kent, Ohio
- Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, Tennessee
- O'More College of Design in Franklin, Tennessee
- Otis College of Art & Design in Los Angeles, California
- Parsons The New School for Design in New York City, New York
- Philadelphia University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Pratt Institute in New York City, New York
- Savannah College of Art and Design in Savannah, Georgia
- School of the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois
- Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia
- Woodbury University in Burbank, California
Elsewhere in the world, the National Institute of Fashion Technology in India, Shih Chien University in Taiwan, RMIT University in Melbourne, Fu Jen Catholic University in Taiwan and the Asian University chain, Raffles College of Design and Commerce, all have reputable fashion design courses.
There are many universities that offer fashion design throughout the United States, usually within the context of a general liberal arts degree. The major concentration incorporating fashion design may have alternative names like Apparel and Textiles or Apparel and Textile Design, and may be housed in departments such as Art and Art History, or Family and Consumer Studies. Some schools, such as Parsons, offer a major in Fashion Management, combining fashion education with business courses.
The only Ivy League University having a Fashion Design undergraduate program is Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, a program offered by the department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design. Cornell also offers a PhD program in apparel design.[13]
Middle Tennessee State University, located in Murfreesboro, Tennessee just 30 miles from Nashville, Tennessee offers the Bachelor of Science in Textiles, Merchandising, and Design with concentrations in Apparel Design and Fashion Merchandising. Our academic programs are offered in state-of-the art facilities and our students live and learn in an environment which is aesthetically pleasing, academically stimulating, and culturally enriching. [14]
An updated list of fashion design masters and PhD programs can be found at ITAA.org.[15] The programs are intended to address the needs of academia, industry, and research by considering apparel design as an applied science that embraces design, technology, physical sciences, the humanities, and social sciences in order to meet the human needs for clothing.
Areas of Fashion Design[edit]
|Women's Day wear
|Practical, comfortable, fashionable
|Haute couture, ready-to wear, mass market
|Women's Evening wear
|Glamorous, sophisticated, suited for the occasion
|Haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market
|Women's Lingerie
|Glamorous, comfortable, washable
|Haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market
|Men's Day wear
|Casual, practical, comfortable
|Tailoring, ready-to-wear, mass market
|Men's Evening wear
|Smart, elegant, formal, apt for the occasion
|Tailoring, ready-to-wear, mass market
|Kids' wear
|Trendy or classy, practical, washable, functional
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Girls' Wear
|Pretty, colorful, practical, washable, inexpensive
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Teenager Girl Wear
|Colorful, comfortable, glamorous, pretty
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Jeans wear
|Unisex, democratic, comfortable, practical, functional
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Trendy, stylish, practical, functional, colorful
|Haute couture, ready to-wear, mass market
|Sports wear
|Comfortable, practical, well-ventilated, washable, functional
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Right weight and color for the season
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Stylish, warm, right weight and color for the season
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
|Bridal wear
|Sumptuous, glamorous, classic
|Haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market
|Striking, fashionable
|Haute couture, ready to-wear, mass market
|Performance wear
|Sporty, dependent on the sport
|Ready-to-wear, mass market
World fashion industry[edit]
Fashion today is a global industry, and most major countries have a fashion industry. China and Bangladesh are the biggest manufacturers of fashion industry. Other notable manufacturing countries are Germany, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Philippines, South Korea, Spain, and Brazil.
Seven countries have established an international reputation in fashion: France, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and Belgium.
American fashion design[edit]
The majority of American fashion houses are based in New York City, with a high concentration centered in the Garment District neighborhood. On the west coast, there are also a significant number of fashion houses in Los Angeles, where a substantial percentage of high fashion clothing manufactured in the United States is actually made. Beverly Hills, particularly on Rodeo Drive, is globally renowned for its fashion design and prestigious shopping. Burgeoning industries in Miami, Chicago, Dallas, and especially San Francisco have developed as well. A semi-annual event held every February and September, New York Fashion Week is one of four major fashion weeks held throughout the world. Parsons The New School for Design, located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City, is considered as one of the top fashion schools in the world.
American fashion design is dominated by a clean-cut, urban, casual style; reflecting the athletic, health-conscious lifestyles of urban city-dwellers. A designer who helped to set the trend in the United States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940s and 50s was Claire McCardell. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades. Famous American brands and designers include Vera Wang, Bill Blass, Calvin Klein, Bob Mackie, Anna Sui, Ralph Lauren, Oscar de la Renta, Carolina Herrera, Michael Kors, Marc Jacobs, Tom Ford, Tommy Hilfiger, Geoffrey Beene, Oleg Cassini, Perry Ellis, Kenneth Cole, James Galanos, Todd Oldham, Donna Karan, Liz Claiborne, and Nolan Miller.
Belgian Fashion design[edit]
In the late 80s and early 90s, Belgian fashion designers brought a new fashion image that mixed East and West, and brought a highly individualised, personal vision on fashion. Well known Belgian Designers are Maison Martin Margiela, Ann Demeulemeester, Dries Van Noten, Dirk Bikkembergs, Dirk Van Saene, Walter Van Beirendonck, Raf Simons, Tim Van Steenbergen, Peter Piloto, A.F. Vandevorst, Bruno Pieters, Angelo Figus, Christian Wijnants, and Bernhard Wilhelm.
British fashion design[edit]
London has long been the capital of the United Kingdom fashion industry and has a wide range of foreign designs which have integrated with modern British styles. Typical, British design is smart but innovative yet recently has become more and more unconventional, fusing traditional styles with modern techniques. Vintage styles play an important role in the British fashion and styling industry. Stylists regularly 'mix and match' the old with the new, which gives British style that unique, bohemian aesthetic that many of the other fashion capitals try to imitate. Irish fashion (both design and styling) is also heavily influenced by fashion trends from Britain. Famous British brands and designers include Burberry, Alexander McQueen, Mulberry, Stella McCartney, Thomas Pink, Jimmy Choo, Alfred Dunhill, Fred Perry, and Vivienne Westwood.[16]
Canadian fashion design[edit]
Toronto, a city which is making a name for itself in the fashion industry, have a number of talented designers. Toronto also holds annual fashion shows to showcase what its fashion designers have to offer.
Some notable Toronto designers that have been ranked in the "top 10 Canadian fashion designers" by Elle Canada, (A. Bacarri, 2014) are names such as: Jeremy Laing- Canadian Born, Jeremy was raised on an army base in Germany. He learned to sew from his mother at the age of 13. A self-taught designer, Jeremy studied in Toronto, and went on to do an apprenticeship with Alexander McQueen while on exchange at the Westminster University in London. Jeremy's strengths lie in innovative pattern making, garment construction, and using textiles to create form. Jeremy continues to work in Toronto, Canada. (Anonymous,2014)
Kirk Pickersgill and Stephen Wong- Both Kirk and Stephen met and become friends in Toronto. They started their line in 2006 and named it "Greta Constantine." The name "Greta Constantine" comes from Stephens mother Greta, and Kirks, grandfather, Constantine. Since then they created a clientele of celebrities and socialites. The pair work in a studio in Toronto, and design clothing for women. (Anonymous,2013)
Kimberly Newport-Mimran- Born in Niagara Falls, found her love in fashion while working in a retail store in her hometown. She moved to Toronto, and studied apparel manufacturing at Gorge Brown College. Upon graduation, she joined the buying team at the Hudson's Bay Company. After three years she worked in the product development and merchandising offices at Club Monaco. She then became the senior director for Caban, which was part of Club Monaco. Kimberly went on to marry and start a family with the now former CEO of Club Monaco Joseph Mimran who is the Joe of Joe Fresh the apparel line. 2002 was the year Pink Tartan was launched, a woman's line that focused on daily, and eveningwear. 2006 her first flagship store was opened in the affluent Yorkville neighborhood in Toronto. Her line Pink Tartan can be found at; The Bay, Holt Renfrew, Saks fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales, and Neiman Marcus. The line also retails internationally in Dubai, Korea, Japan, Greece and England. On March 30 her collection will be available for purchase on the Canadian Shopping Channel. (Cheung,2013)
Dennis Gagnon- Born in Lac-Saint Jean, Quebec. He attended College La Salle where he discovered his passion for the arts. After graduation in 1993, Denis moved to Casablanca, Morocco to accept a job as a molding teacher. In 1995 he returned and began making costumes for theater groups. In 2000, he finally launched his solo career. He started off creating designs and provided Holt Renfrew with two collections ever year. On Denis's 10th year as a designer he was honored during Montreal Fashion Week, and he created a limited edition collection for BEDO. On October 10, 2010 Denis became the first designer from Quebec to present his collection at the Montreal Fine Arts Museum. The show lasted from October 19, 2010 to February 13, 2011.
French fashion design[edit]
Most French fashion houses are in Paris, which is the capital of French fashion. Traditionally, French fashion is chic and stylish, defined by its sophistication, cut, and smart accessories. French fashion is internationally acclaimed.
German fashion design[edit]
Berlin is the center of young and creative fashion in Germany (prominently displayed at Berlin Fashion Week), while Düsseldorf helds Europe's largest fashion trade fairs with Igedo. Other important centers of the scene are Munich, Hamburg, and Cologne. German fashion is famed for its elegant lines as well as unconventional young designs and the great variety of styles.
Globally renowned fashion designers from Germany are Karl Lagerfeld, Hugo Boss, Wolfgang Joop, Jil Sander, Michael Michalsky, Etienne Aigner, Rudolph Moshammer, Torsten Amft, Willy Bogner, Rudolf, and Adi Dassler.
Famous fashion brands include BOSS, adidas, PUMA, Escada, JOOP!, MCM, Bruno Banani, Sander, Triumph, Talbot Runhof, Kaviar Gauche, Schiesser, Closed, Reusch, Valisere, Jack Wolfskin, Ulla Popken, Buffalo, Rohde, Zalando, Dr. Martens, P&C, Marc O'Polo, Tom Tailor, s.Oliver, Esprit, and Wunderkind.
There also is a range of fashion models from Germany that made it to international fame, such as Claudia Schiffer, Heidi Klum, Diane Kruger, Eva Padberg, Toni Garrn, Julia Stegner, Kirsten Dunst, Tatjana Patitz, Manon von Gerkan, Nico, Uschi Obermaier, Lena Gercke, Sara Nuru, Barbara Meier, Nadja Auermann, Claudia Ciesla, Aslı Bayram, Shermine Shahrivar, Evelyn Sharma, and Nico Schwanz.
Italian fashion design[edit]
Milan is Italy's fashion capital. Most of the older Italian couturiers are in Rome. However, Milan and Florence are the Italian fashion capitals, and it is the exhibition venue for their collections. Italian fashion features casual elegance.
Japanese fashion design[edit]
Most Japanese fashion houses are in Tokyo. The Japanese look is loose and unstructured (often resulting from complicated cutting), colours tend to the sombre and subtle, and richly textured fabrics. Famous Japanese designers are Yohji Yamamoto, Kenzo, Issey Miyake (masterful drape and cut), and Comme des Garçons's Rei Kawakubo, who developed a new way of cutting (comparable to Madeleine Vionnet's innovation in the 1930s).
Soviet fashion design[edit]
Fashion in the Soviet Union largely followed general trends of the Western world. However, the state's socialist ideology consistently moderated and influenced these trends. In addition, shortages of consumer goods meant that the general public did not have ready access to pre-made fashion.
Swiss fashion design[edit]
Most of the Swiss fashion houses are in Zürich.[17] The Swiss look is casual elegant and luxurious with a slight touch of quirkiness. Additionally, it has been greatly influenced by the dance club scene.
Fashion design terms[edit]
- A fashion designer conceives garment combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture. While sewing and pattern-making skills are beneficial, they are not a pre-requisite of successful fashion design. Most fashion designers are formally trained or apprenticed.
- A technical designer works with the design team and the factories overseas to ensure correct garment construction, appropriate fabric choices and a good fit. The technical designer fits the garment samples on a fit model, and decides which fit and construction changes to make before mass-producing the garment.
- A pattern maker (or pattern cutter) drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment's pieces. This may be done manually with paper and measuring tools or by using a CAD computer software program. Another method is to drape fabric directly onto a dress form. The resulting pattern pieces can be constructed to produce the intended design of the garment and required size. Formal training is usually required for working as a pattern marker.
- A tailor makes custom designed garments made to the client's measure; especially suits (coat and trousers, jacket and skirt, et cetera). Tailors usually undergo an apprenticeship or other formal training.
- A textile designer designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school.
- A stylist co-ordinates the clothes, jewelry, and accessories used in fashion photography and catwalk presentations. A stylist may also work with an individual client to design a coordinated wardrobe of garments. Many stylists are trained in fashion design, the history of fashion, and historical costume, and have a high level of expertise in the current fashion market and future market trends. However, some simply have a strong aesthetic sense for pulling great looks together.
- A fashion buyer selects and buys the mix of clothing available in retail shops, department stores, and chain stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in business and/or fashion studies.
- A seamstress sews ready-to-wear or mass-produced clothing by hand or with a sewing machine, either in a garment shop or as a sewing machine operator in a factory. She (or he) may not have the skills to make (design and cut) the garments, or to fit them on a model.
- A teacher of fashion design teaches the art and craft of fashion design in art or fashion school.
- A custom clothier makes custom-made garments to order, for a given customer.
- A dressmaker specializes in custom-made women's clothes: day, cocktail, and evening dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseaus, sports clothes, and lingerie.
- An illustrator draws and paints clothing designs for commercial use.
- A fashion forecaster predicts what colours, styles and shapes will be popular ("on-trend") before the garments are on sale in stores.
- A model wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs.
- A fit model aids the fashion designer by wearing and commenting on the fit of clothes during their design and pre-manufacture. Fit models need to be a particular size for this purpose.
- A fashion journalist writes fashion articles describing the garments presented or fashion trends, for magazines or newspapers.
- An alterations specialist (alterationist) adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-to-wear, and sometimes re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the client, not all alterationists are tailors.
- An Image Consultant, wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client.
See also[edit]
- Breward, Christopher, The culture of fashion: a new history of fashionable dress, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-7190-4125-9
- Hollander, Anne, Seeing through clothes, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, ISBN 978-0-520-08231-1
- Hollander, Anne, Sex and suits: the evolution of modern dress, New York: Knopf, 1994, ISBN 978-0-679-43096-4
- Hollander, Anne, Feeding the eye: essays, New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999, ISBN 978-0-374-28201-1
- Hollander, Anne, Fabric of vision: dress and drapery in painting, London: National Gallery, 2002, ISBN 978-0-300-09419-0
- Kawamura, Yuniya, Fashion-ology: an introduction to Fashion Studies, Oxford and New York: Berg, 2005, ISBN 1-85973-814-1
- Lipovetsky, Gilles (translated by Catherine Porter), The empire of fashion: dressing modern democracy, Woodstock: Princeton University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-10262-7
- McDermott, Kathleen, Style for all: why fashion, invented by kings, now belongs to all of us (An illustrated history), 2010, ISBN 978-0-557-51917-0 — Many hand-drawn color illustrations, extensive annotated bibliography and reading guide
- Perrot, Philippe (translated by Richard Bienvenu), Fashioning the bourgeoisie: a history of clothing in the nineteenth century, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-691-00081-7
- Steele, Valerie, Paris fashion: a cultural history, (2. ed., rev. and updated), Oxford: Berg, 1998, ISBN 978-1-85973-973-0
- Steele, Valerie, Fifty years of fashion: new look to now, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-300-08738-3
- Steele, Valerie, Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion, Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005
- ^ "What is Haute Couture?". Haute Couture Hot. HauteCoutureNews.com. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Pauline Weston Thomas. "Haute Couture Fashion History" (Article). Fashion-Era.com. Fashion-Era.com. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG7883236/Haute-couture-Making-a-loss-is-the-height-of-fashion.html
- ^ Catherine Valenti (1 May 2012). "Designers Flock to Mass-Market Retailers" (Article). ABC News. ABC News. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Sameer Reddy (31 October 2008). "Out from Underground" (Article). The Daily Beast. Newsweek Magazine. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Stephania Lara (22 June 2010). "Mass market broached by high-end fashion" (Article). The Prospector. College Media Network. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Bethan Cole (2 May 2012). "Kitsch pickings" (Article). Financial Times Online: Style. The Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Fashion Designers, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos291.htm (visited March 09, 2010).
- ^ "Fashion Designers". Occupational Outlook Handbook. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.businessinsider.com/the-worlds-25-best-design-schools-2012-11?op=1
- ^ Design Academy Schwerin & Leipzig
- ^ "Apparel Design Graduate Programs". About: Fiber Science & Apparel Design. Cornell University. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ "Apparel Design and Fashion Merchandising Programs". Middle Tennessee State University. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ "Resources: fashion graduate programs". ITAA. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- ^ "British fashion designers". Visit Britain. Visit Britain. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ "Zurich labels". Zurich labels: Media Information. Zurich Tourism. January 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.


text:
One in 8 American women and 1 in 1,000 American men will develop breast cancer at some point in their lives. It's estimated that more than 2 million people are diagnosed with breast cancer and fight for their lives each year.
Breast cancer is difficult to face alone—for both patients and their loved ones. To help in the battle, there are a number of local resources and support groups nearby:
Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center in Paterson holds a support group in Spanish for women with breast cancer the first and fourth Wednesdays of the month from 5 to 6 p.m. in room 6114A in the Seton building. To register or for more information, contact Victoria Pacheco at 973-616-0514.
The Cancer Instutute of NJ (CINJ) in cooperation with Saint Peter's University Hospital holds a support group at 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. on the first and third Monday of each month at CINJ, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick. One meeting each month is an open discussion and the second meeting focuses on a specific topic with a guest speaker. For more information, contact Deborah Leif at 732-235-7011.
In Monmouth County, Young Survival Coalition (YSC) NNJ volunteers are co-leading a support group in Little Silver. The group meets on the first Wednesday of every month at 7pm at Adult Medical Oncology, located at 39 Sycamore Ave., Little Silver, on the 2nd floor. For more information, call Lauren Stone at 732-673-3797.
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center hosts monthly cancer support groups on the third Wednesday of each month from 10 to 11 a.m. and the third Thursday of the month from 5:30 to 6:30 p.m. at 201 Lyons Ave., Newark. Pre-registration is required. Call Tadaya at 973-926-7976.
Clara Maass Medical Center in Belleville offers cancer support groups the last Monday of the month from 4 to 5 p.m. in the 3 South Annex Solarium. To register, contact Raylene Langish, RN, Oncology Nurse Educator, at 973-450-2332.
The Cancer Center at Saint Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston offers a number of support groups, free of charge, designed to address the needs of individuals with various forms of cancer at different stages of illness, including a unique Art Therapy group. Art Therapy engages patients in creative endeavors such as painting, drawing, and collage, as a means of understanding and coping with the many feelings they may be experiencing. For dates, times, and locations, call Donna Dandrilli, at 973-322-2171.
The Cancer Center at Saint Barnabas also offers Primary and Beyond Primary Breast Cancer support groups, as well as the Look Good...Feel Better program of the American Cancer Society. For additional program details as well as information about coping with the stress of cancer, call Angela McCabe at 973-322-2668.
The Joan Knechel Cancer Center at Hackettstown Regional Medical Center offers a breast cancer support group the first and third Mondays of each month from 8 to 9:30 p.m. Registration is required. For details, call Joan Runfola at 908-441-1503. The center also hosts the "Look Good... Feel Better" program, a free, national public program to help women undergoing cancer treatment learn beauty techniques to cope with the appearance-related side effects of treatment and regain a sense of self-confidence and control over their lives. For more information, for dates and times and to register, call 800-ACS-2345 (800-227-2345). The program meets in the Joan Knechel Cancer Center.
The Carol G. Simon Cancer Center at Morristown Medical Center hosts regular Breast Cancer Support Groups. For a location, schedule and to register, please call 973-971-6299. (Registration is not required.)
Carol G. Simon Cancer Center at Overlook Medical holds Circle of Women, an eight-week breast cancer networking and support group. Discussions will include diagnosis, treatment stages and the impact of breast cancer to patients and family members. For a location, schedule and to register, call 908-522-6210.
Atlantic Rehabilitation Institute, 95 Mount Kemble Avenue, Morristown, hosts a post-breast surgery program sponsored by American Cancer Society. The group is for women who are two weeks to 18 months post-breast surgery and includes educational discussions plus pool and land exercises. For a location, schedule and to register (required), call 1-800-227-2345.
St. Clare's Hospital in Denville holds Women Helping Women: Tackling Cancer Together support group for women with breast or gynecological cancers. The group meets the third Wednesday of every month from 7 to 8:30 p.m. in the first floor executive dining room. For information or to register contact Brandy Johnson at 973-625-6176 or email email@example.com.
Zufall Health Center, 18 West Blackwell St., Dover, hosts a support group for Spanish speaking women affected by breast cancer every other Monday from 10:30 a.m. to noon. For more information or to register contact Claribel or Yamileth at 973-328-9100.
American Cancer Society, 7 Ridgedale Ave. Ste 103, Cedar Knolls, has a Reach to Recovery program that helps individuals cope with breast cancer through one-on-one peer support. The center, which is open Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., also offers wig services and the Look Good...Feel Better program. For more information, call 800-227-2345.
Cancer Support Community Central New Jersey, 3 Crossroads Drive, Bedminster, hosts an Advanced Breast Cancer Support Group for anyone who has metastatic breast cancer and a Return to Wellness program for women who are one month to two years post treatment. For more information and to register, contact Karen Larsen at 908-658-5400 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
"Support groups are really beneficial," says Debra Somerrs Copit, MD, Director of Breast Imaging at Albert Einstein Medical Center, and a member of the medical advisory board for Living Beyond Breast Cancer.
"When patients are told they're sick, it can be an out of body experience and they aren't taking in everything the doctor is saying. It can be helpful to have someone to turn to and learn from who has gone through the same thing," says Copit, who is a breast cancer survivor herself.
Not only do groups offer emotional support, but being a part of a support group can actually help patients feel less depressed and can help to reduce physical pain, according to a 2001 study published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Patients who aren't big fans of group settings but still want to reap the benefits can turn to technology. It's hard to duplicate in-person support groups on the web, but the recently launched breast cancer specific social networking platform, MyBreastCancerTeam comes close.
The site and mobile app caters to breast cancer survivors, and women who have been recently diagnosed. Users can find suggestions for doctors and find similar users based on location, diagnosis and age. Members also have access to peer-driven Q&A section where they can read and write posts.
While a web platform may be useful for some, Dr.Copit worries that online forums can sometimes trigger the spread of misinformation. She suggests that patients who can't make it to an in-person support group try calling a phone line.
Living Beyond Breast Cancer has a confidential survivors' helpline that connects patients with others of similar background, going through similar situation. Call (888) 753-LBBC (5222) for more information.
TELL US: Do you know of any breast cancer support groups in the community? How have they helped you?


text:
10 Things Everyone Should Know About Social Security
Every working American should understand these important facts about Social Security.
Nearly every working American pays into the Social Security program, but not everyone understands the benefits they qualify for due to their contributions. And most workers will no longer get paper statements that explain how much they have paid into the system and what benefits they are likely to receive in retirement. Here are 10 things everyone should know about Social Security:
You contribute 6.2 percent of your income. Workers pay 6.2 percent of their earnings into the Social Security system, up to $113,700 in 2013. Employers pay a matching 6.2 percent for each worker. Self-employed workers must contribute 12.4 percent of their income annually.
How your benefit is calculated. Social Security payments are calculated based on your 35 highest-earning years in the workforce, and are also adjusted for inflation. If you don't have 35 years of earnings, zeros are averaged in for the years you didn't pay into Social Security.
[Read: 7 New Social Security Rules for 2013.]
Your full retirement age. You can collect the full amount of Social Security you have earned at what the Social Security Administration calls your full retirement age, which varies based on your birth year. The full retirement age used to be 65 for people born in 1937 or earlier. But the full retirement age was gradually increased in two-month increments from 65 and two months for people born in 1938 to 65 and 10 months for those born in 1942. The full retirement age is 66 for baby boomers born between 1943 and 1954. It's scheduled to further increase from 66 and two months for Americans born in 1955 to 66 and 10 months for people born in 1959. And the full retirement age is 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later. Workers who begin receiving Social Security benefits before their full retirement age will receive reduced payments for the rest of their lives.
You get bigger checks if you delay claiming. You can increase your Social Security checks by delaying when you sign up for Social Security. For example, people born in 1943 or later will get 8 percent larger payments for each year they delay claiming after their full retirement age, up until age 70. After age 70, there is no additional benefit to delaying claiming Social Security. "If you're going to err, err on taking in later," says William Reichenstein, a Baylor University professor and principal of Social Security Solutions. "The risk of running out of money in your lifetime is obviously greatest if one or both of you live a long time, and if that's the case, then it pays to wait. You can't outlive the Social Security benefit."
Married couples have additional claiming options. Married couples are entitled to claim Social Security based on their own work record, or payments worth up to 50 percent of the higher earner's benefit. And when one spouse dies, the surviving spouse will receive an amount equal to the higher earner's benefit. "The higher earner should base his benefits decision on the age he would be when the second spouse dies," says Reichenstein. "What would probably be the best strategy is for him to wait until he turns 70 because after the death of the first spouse, the survivor keeps the higher benefits." Ex-spouses are also eligible for Social Security benefits if the marriage lasted at least 10 years.
Couples who have reached their full retirement age can even claim spousal payments, and then later switch to payments based on their own work record, which will then be higher due to delayed claiming. "The spouse with the higher salary can file and suspend and the other could receive 50 percent of that one's benefit for four years and then still get the delayed retirement credit," says Jim Blankenship, a certified financial planner for Blankenship Financial Planning in New Berlin, Ill., and author of A Social Security Owner's Manual.
[Read: 12 Ways to Increase Your Social Security Payments.]
Payments are adjusted for inflation. Social Security payments are adjusted each year to keep up with inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers. Since automatic cost-of-living adjustments were added to Social Security in 1975, they have ranged from 14.3 percent in 1980 to zero in 2010 and 2011.


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Radà Cluster Necklace
Style #: 19141096
Perfect paired with a drop-waist little black dress, this long necklace by Rada features a cluster of shimmering crystal accompanied by white tassels for a look that's part jazz age, part contemporary chic.
- By Rada.
- Lobster-claw closure.
- Oversized gold-toned chain links with sliding spike embellishments.
- Rhinestone cluster pendant with white beaded tassels.
- 17¼" length. Metal.
- Made in Italy.
- Fusing pearls, crystals, steel and semi-precious materials, each fashion-forward Radà piece is a unique entity whose artistry is inspired by the charms of the natural world.
Alternate Views


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Reg. $65.00
Sale! $22.10
Keeps passport, airline tickets, credit cards and other travel essentials handy, in one place. Detachable strap. Measures (closed) 4 1/2"W x 9 1/2"H. Genuine leather. Imported.
Additional Sizes:
Color : Select Swatch Below
We have hand selected products to match the product above.
On all online orders$75 or more◊
1-800-285-2265 ©Jos. A. Bank Clothiers, Inc.
California Transparency In Supply Chains Disclosure


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Sounds like it all depends on 'whose ox is being gored' when it comes to the illegal phone tappings of reporters.
First, the Obama-worshipping major news media weren't interested in exposing the murdering of our unprotected ambassador and brave personnel and security people in Benghazi.
Second, not only did the IRS hold up 501C-4 tax exemptions for conservative groups, but the IRS illegally passed on private info from tax returns to a leftist Sandler/Soros organization. Since the election results were close, the Democratically biased media very well could have swayed the elections with ill-gotten news.
Third, little was reported in the Dr. Gosnell abortion trial until near the final verdict. How did the liberal media report the trial verdict so as not to harm Planned Parenthood and the abortion industry? Gosnell found guilty of murdering three 'fetuses.'
Say what? Babies outside the womb are not fetuses! Babies outside the mother are called babies. Embryo and fetuses are living beings inside the womb.
Babies, women and American's finest servicemen can die, and the Obama-defending news media turn a deaf ear. Let a few Chicagoan illegal phone tappings of reporters happen and these same mute people are outraged.
Jean Jones


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Boxer Briefs - Friday, Feb. 8, 2013
|Current Week | Month View
Feb 8, 2013
7:00 am
Mt. Hood
Enhance your gliding techniques as you ski through the beautiful snow-covered trails around Mt. Hood. Great experience for those looking to play in the snow this winter! Student $25
6:30 pm
McCready Hall, Taylor-Meade Performing Arts Center
This award-winning documentary raises questions about the cultures we inherit and what we choose to pass down, and reveals how bearing witness can break silences that have lasted lifetimes. Q&A with director, Eliaichi Kimaro, planned to follow.
Feb 8-9, 2013
7:30 pm
Tom Miles Theatre (Warner Hall) - 2115 Pacific Ave., Forest Grove
Join us for the university's 2013 edition of Eve Ensler's electric play about women's lives. It is hilariously funny, tragic, poignant, irreverent, shocking, moving and profoundly meaningful.
Feb 8-10, 2013
Swimming is wrapping up at the conference championships while baseball and softball are opening their seasons with play in California. Also on tap: track and field, basketball and wrestling.


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It's here, the laptop giveaway that you don't want to miss is finally here!. Today begins your chance to win one of two FREE Lenovo ThinkPad Edge laptops. You might be thinking, "What do I do now?" Let us tell you!
FIRST – Go to www.laplink.com/laptopgiveaway (aka Contest HQ) and follow the 4 steps to enter:
- Fill out the Entry Form
- "Like" our Facebook fan page
- "Follow" us on Twitter
- Talk to us and about us! Each time you do is an entry so the more times you enter the better chance you have of winning!
**Make sure to check out the How To page for the low-down with some suggestions on what to do!
Now, get out on the web (Facebook, Twitter, blogs and forums) and mention them keywords as much as you can. Hold up, don't know what "them keywords" are? Here's the list:
- Laplink
- PCmover
- PCsync
- Laplink DiskImage
- Laplink SafeErase
- Laplink Defrag
- Laplink Everywhere
- Laplink Gold
- Laplink Switch & Sync
*Don't alter these, otherwise we can't track it!
Each post (that we are able to track) is worth an entry into the contest. That means you could enter this contest infinity bazillion times!! When the contest is done we'll gather all the entries, randomize the list and choose TWO winners at random. Those two will then behold the sweet nectar of a new FREE Lenovo ThinkPad Edge!
You don't have to mention a keyword if you comment on our Facebook fan page, a simple "Hello" will do! But, you can use those keywords as much as you want, we don't mind!
Got it? If not, comment on this post with any questions you have! (Easy way to get some entries into the contest *hint* *hint*).
Also, stay tuned on here, Facebook and Twitter as we will post things everyday for your enjoyment. Another hint, a comment on these posts will count as an entry! It's really that easy!
Good luck peeps!


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Welcome to Smogon Forums! Please take a minute to read the rules.Please refer to this thread for the current Smogon Tier Lists.New to the forums? Check out our Mentorship Program!
Our mentors will answer your questions and help you become a part of the community!
Regionals to be in November and April!
Discussion in 'VGC' started by GreySong, Aug 22, 2011.
Page 11 of 11
Page 11 of 11


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Radio Cars merged with the Sussex Cars Taxi Group in September 2011 and now operate under the Sussex Cars name. We now have a fleet of 160 vehicles, including saloons, hatchbacks, estates, executive, 5-8 seaters and wheelchair accessible. We have male and female drivers, who are all CRB checked, fully insured, fully licensed by Eastbourne Borough Council and NVQ and BTEC qualified. Our aim is to be prompt, reliable and trustworthy at all times. Our drivers are professional, courteous and friendly, ensuring a high quality service always.
Our meter rates are one of the lowest in Eastbourne and our long distance set fares are very competitive.
Anywhere, any time.......you can rely on RADIO CARS


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Tim Worstall, Contributor
I write about business and technology.
As those with memories stretching back a couple of decades will recall the various forms of computer malware, the viruses, trojans and the like, were things that affected Microsoft Windows users. Mac users, those using Apple's integrated systems, could just laugh and giggle at those poor fools who were using the wrong equipment. Well, no longer:
Apple believes the hackers who penetrated its machines were the same group that Facebook announced Friday had gained access to a number of its employees' computers. Those Facebook attackers gained access to their targets' machines using an infected developer's website that exploited a vulnerability in Java; Apple says the same trick was used to access its employees' machines.
I'm sorry but I do find that amusing, that it was internal Apple computers that got infected. Perhaps I shouldn't but I do.
Now yes, we can say that this is only one example, that it's been cleaned up already (a patch of the Java vulnerability has already been issued) and so on. But it brings us back to a long running point of mine. Why is it that Apple's machines weren't getting attacked? There are two possible explanations. The first is that the system is vastly more secure and doesn't have enough holes in it for an attack to work. People kept trying but only very occasionally did they succeed as above. The other is that Macs were simply not a large enough part of the overall computing ecosystem for it to be worth targeting them. If it is that second reason then with the growth in popularity of the two Apple architectures the bad guys are going to see that it's worth trying to create viruses for those architectures: thus we'll see an increase in them.
As it happens my own view is that it is partially explanation one but only partially. Yes, I do think that MAC OS and iOS are more secure than Windows was, certainly, quite possibly more secure than it is. What makes me think that Apple has a serious problem about computer malware is that I think that much more of it is to do with explanation two. That the malware authors have only just realised that there are enough Macs and iPhones out there to make them worth attacking. And that they will find (some at least) vulnerabilities to exploit. And that's what Apple's problem is: we're only just at the beginning of the attempts to crack Apple's computers.
Yes, I'm sure that Apple is more secure than many to most other software systems. But I'm equally certain that the criminals aren't going to give up given the size of the population they can aim at now. No, I don't think it will get as bad as it did with Windows for a time: but it could at the very least get very boring and annoying having to fight off such malware attacks on systems that have traditionally been free of them. And the seriousness of Apple's problem is that they're not, as yet at least, used to dealing with this particular problem. Quite apart from anything else there isn't the ecosystem of anti-virus software writers as there is for Windows.
Also on Forbes:
It was a JAVA vulnerability and NOT OS X.
The only safe computer is one that is completely disconnected and turned off.
But with that said, I'm a bit disappointed that you didn't even offer a perfunctory nod to the inherently safer model of a permissions-based system, which has traditionally been one the core strengths of the Mac OS. Sure, the 'security through obscurity' model has been valid for years and is now fading as a protection(as you point out), but it's also a lot harder to write code for the Mac OS, which pretty much kicks the script kiddies and Visual Basic toolkitters out of the playground. Correct me if I'm wrong, but virtually ALL sucessful drive-bys of the Mac OS – not counting the Black Hat hacks, which are essentially a laboratory proof-of-concept played out under ideal conditions – have exploited a vulnerability in a subsystem (such as the increasingly long in the tooth and pointless Java) rather than the OS itself. Granted, Apple has been HUGELY complacent, but the fact remains that in the real world, "typical" (read: non-geeky, tech-savvy) users are far more likely to become infected on a non-Mac system. Dismiss me as a Mac apologist if you will, but up to this point, the record is clear.
And just to be petty, "MAC" is Media Access Control, and "Mac" is the computer. But you knew that, and you're just trolling, right?
Mr. Worstall,
Your credibility in this article is in doubt when the name of the OS you are referring to is flawed. The OS that has been running on Apple's desktop/laptop hardware, for a good number of years now, is OS X, not MAC OS as you insist.
The title of the article is linkbait.
The target demographic is novice computer users who will use the information when they or their friends are looking for their next computer.
The TRUTH is… MacOS – by it's design, and market share – is 99% less likely to give a user problems with malware than a Windows-based PC. The 1% is user actions that cannot be coded against.
For disclosure:
- When my WindowsNT beta-testing disks were shipped to me from Microsoft, they arrived in a shoebox.
- I've got Windows, Linux, Mac, and XBMC machines in my house. I have no brand loyalty. Just saying this so the fanboys don't try to accuse me of drinking the kool-aid.
Good job on the yellow journalism! I find it amusing that you used a quote from another journalist's headline stating that apple's computers were "targeted". That really is comical considering the java exploit is not limited to mac and does affect windows based machines. On top of it not being limited to macs, the java exploit is certainly not targeting anyone. The infections have been indiscriminately lobbed at anyone visiting a compromised website. Your article is smug, vindictive rubbish. Glad you had a chance to snub your nose at all those apple fans who lauded their inability to get viruses, even if it is garbage reporting with little to no research supporting sensationalist headlines.
Most of this has been said before but with each new burst of iDevice sales, the dangers detailed here get closer and closer to being reality. The other concern (and I am using a broad, sweeping brush here) is that the "aveage" iOS and OS user is NOT a techno-nerd adept at managing digital security. As the author said, they haven't had to. A large part of the appeal of Apple products is you don't HAVE to be a techno-nerd to enjoy them and their advanced features. Oddly enough, that could end up being a liability to the user base in the long run.
Sure there is no shortage of non-savvy Windows users out there and if we play the numbers game there are certainly more than there are in the Apple world. But also playing the numbers game, there are probably a high number of really smart and clever geeks capable of combating malicious code (also noted in the article).
I use an Android phone. My wife has an iPhone. I have been virus/malware free for 2+ years on my phone (I am running Lookout) and in a hear and half of owning a Windows 7 laptop, have had maybe two pieces of malware on my machine (one was my own fault for installing something I should not have).
I will dread the day my wife's phone gets a virus, if that day ever comes.
"I will dread the day my wife's phone [an iPhone] gets a virus, if that day ever comes."
You really should be worried about yourself, if you are using an Android phone… your wife's iPhone is exceedingly more secure than Android!
Last summer net-security.org reported that over the three months in Q2 2012, over 14,900 new malicious programs targeting Android were added to Kaspersky Lab's database.
Nearly half (49 per cent) of these malicious files targeting Android devices were multi-functional Trojans that steal data from telephones (contact names, email addresses, telephone numbers, etc.), and are also capable of downloading additional modules from servers run by malicious users.
On the other hand, iOS has been free of malware (except for one single app that was quickly removed from Apple's App Store).
Any rational person comparing the two operating systems and their track record of malware, would obviously know which one was secure and which one was riddled with malware.
This quote is amusing: "As it happens my own view is that it is partially explanation one but only partially. Yes, I do think that MAC OS and iOS are more secure than Windows was, certainly, quite possibly more secure than it is."
Please check the facts before you write — in this hacking competition – "Pwn2Own" MacOS was not the best in terms of security (it was not the worst either).
Actually, your assertions show a great lack of understanding. You lack an understanding of the difference between a virus, a trojan, and a hack.
All that anyone has ever claimed is that Apple thwarted viruses. Trojans were always a known — but you have to actually install them yourself, they are not self-installing like a virus, so they are easy to avoid. Hacks were considered much more difficult on Mac, but nonetheless possible, and had even been proved in years gone by (again, using Java). Of course, if Java has a hole in it, and Mac incorporates Java in its browsers, then the hole is on Mac too. Still, that is not a hole for a virus, but for a hack.
While the reporting on this latest incident at Apple and others is poorly worded, it says it was a hack into the system for the purpose of installing malware, not a virus that self-installed, as is common with Windows. So, it is not indicating any difference in security for a Mac than has ever been asserted. Yes, you can argue that there isn't a big difference between whether it self-installed or a hacker installs it, you still end up with malware. On the other hand, if it has to be done by a hacker, you can expect a gazillion fewer computers infected because the hacker has to do it rather than the malware taking on a life of its own and circumnavigating the Earth.
Of course, you also fail to even know that in fact, the first Mac virus did come out last year. It did not get the headlines one would expect, but it did happen. It started as a trojan, which the computer user would have to install so it is easy to avoid. But it later morphed into being an outright virus that installed itself. That is what you should have written your story about, not this hack, which is a possibility that has never been denied about Mac, although might be much more difficult to do.


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Deadstock Grey & Tan Floral Necktie & Japanese Indigo Necktie
Pairing this subtle but elegant deadstock floral with our Japanese Indigo Chambray seems like a win no matter how you look at it. Not only is the tie is seasonless, it can go from jeans to a suit effortlessly.
100% Cotton
Other Categories:— Classic — Floral — Indigo —


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'I bought this pram for my 1 year old grandaughters. It is easy to put together and folds easily although...'
Granny of twins - North Yorkshire
'Extremely light and really easy to push fits through my doorway I love it.'
twinmama - newcastle
'Once my little boy outgrew his initial travel system pushchair (Quinny Buzz) albeit earlier than they...'
Smug pushchair owner - Northampton
'We had a 3 wheel pushchair purchased from another shop, which we had for 2 1/2 years, that decided to...'
RachaelS - Gloucestershire
'I bought this pushchair a few months ago and I honestly cannot fault anything about it. I look after...'
hazel marie - chorley


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Most people are tired of politics. They are thankful that the attack ads have disappeared from television and that the robocalls have ended. Nevertheless, there are significant election reform issues that should be priorities in Harrisburg and Washington.
First, the status and implementation of Pennsylvania's new voter ID law caused widespread confusion. Although there is partisan disagreement over the need for that law, Republican control of the Legislature and the governor's office means that it is unlikely to be repealed.
Therefore, the focus should be on making the card easier to obtain so that no one who is eligible to cast a ballot is denied that opportunity.
Furthermore, election officials should be alert to the possibility that checking ID cards will unreasonably lengthen the lines at some polling places; if that happens, there will be a need for more election workers, more polling places, or both.
Second, when the races are for state or local offices, there is nothing inherently wrong with the fact that some states have early voting while others do not, the fact that some states use electronic voting machines while others use paper ballots, or the fact that some states encourage the use of absentee ballots while others significantly limit their use. However, in a presidential election, the rules should be the same in every state.
The goal of early voting and of liberal absentee ballot rules is laudable: To increase turnout by making it easier to vote.
However, the election results can be distorted if a significant number of people vote before the presidential debates are over or before some relevant incident occurs late in the campaign. Scheduling national elections on a weekend rather than on a Tuesday or providing an entire week for voting would be preferable alternatives.
Third, after Florida's "hanging chads" controversy in the 2000 presidential election, the goal was to implement faster and more accurate ways of counting ballots. As a result, many jurisdictions switched to electronic voting.
Unfortunately, the emphasis on faster counting has jeopardized an even more important objective: Assuring that the results accurately reflect what the voters intended.
Machines in use in several Pennsylvania counties this year recorded a vote for Gov. Romney even though the voter had pressed the box for President Obama. Although alert voters recognized the problem and brought it to the attention of election officials, it is unclear how many people may have voted before anyone noticed the error.
To this point, problems with electronic voting have been labeled as honest errors.
However, the lack of fraudulent intent does not justify recording or counting votes inaccurately.
Furthermore, with the huge amounts of money being spent to influence elections, it is inevitable that someone will attempt to rig the outcome by an intentional programming error.
A reasonable safeguard against both honest errors and fraud would be to require a printout by which people could verify that their votes were recorded as intended.
Collecting those printouts in a secure ballot box at each polling place would assure the availability of a paper record if the accuracy of the electronic count were in doubt. Some states already have such a requirement. Pennsylvania should adopt one, too.
Fourth, the most aggravating part of the election for most voters was the seemingly unending television ads, mailings and automated telephone calls. Because of U.S. Supreme Court decisions, Congress and the state legislatures lack the legal authority to prohibit unlimited campaign spending by the super-rich and the special interests.
However, there is hope for relief. Congress should plug the loophole in the national Do-Not-Call Registry to allow voters to block political robocalls.
Congress should also force special interest groups to disclose their true identity in the campaign material they circulate. When the Chamber of Commerce or a labor union puts its name on an ad or a mailing, voters can evaluate the information with knowledge of the philosophy of the organization trying to influence their vote.
Unfortunately, that evaluation is much more difficult when the sponsor hides behind some innocent-sounding name such as American Crossroads or Americans for Prosperity.
Making changes in election laws is always a challenge because each party tries to protect those rules that provide it with an advan- tage.
Therefore, the best chance of overcoming partisan scheming is to act in 2013, when the complaints from 2012 are still fresh in voters' minds and there is less certainty about whether a proposed reform would help, or hurt, a particular party or candidate in 2016.
William Lloyd of Somerset represented Somerset County in the state House of Representatives (1981-1998) and served as the state's small business advocate (November 2003-October 2011). He writes a monthly column for The Tribune-Democrat.
Click here to subscribe to The Tribune-Democrat print edition.
Click here to subscribe to The Tribune-Democrat e-edition.


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Tt feels great to donate!
1-800-RED-CROSS to donate
Walk Ins Welcome
You get free juice and delicious cookies.
It's something you can spare – most people have blood to spare... yet, there is still not enough to go around.
You will help ensure blood is on the shelf when needed – most people don't think they'll ever need blood, but many do.
You will be someone's hero – in fact, you could help save more than one life with just one donation.
- Maintain a healthy iron level in your diet by eating iron rich foods, such as red meat, fish, poultry, beans, spinach, iron-fortified cereals and raisins.
- Get a good night's sleep.
- Drink an extra 16 oz. of water or nonalcoholic fluids before the donation.
- Eat a healthy meal before your donation. Avoid fatty foods, such as hamburgers, fries or ice cream before donating. (Fatty foods can affect the tests we do on your blood. If there is too much fat in your blood, your donation cannot be tested for infectious diseses and the blood will not be used for transfusion.)
- If you are a platelet donor, remember that your system must be free of aspirin for two days prior to donation.
- Remember to bring your donor card, driver's license or two other forms of ID.


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Centaura offers 12 hour protection from flies, mosquitoes and ticks for both horse and rider. Contains 20% Picaridin, a safe and effective alternativ Read More
Shipping Restrictions:
This item cannot ship to Canada, GU, PR
Cannot ship to P.O. Box
Contains 20% Picaridin, a safe and effective alternative to Deet. Will not leave an oily, greasy or sticky residue. Safe to use around saddles, bridles, plastic and other synthetic materials.
Convenient, non-aerosol spray works at any angle. Just press on the nozzle for a consistent, continuous spray.
Reviews (3)
"Fly Spray"
This spray seems to work decently, I wish it was in a pump bottle instead of can. Can makes noise when sprays and has a weak stream. But the fly spray does seem to work for a while.
"Best Fly Spray"
This is the best fly spray I have used. Jeffers seems to have the best price on it. Doesn't stink lie other fly sprays and it actually works.
"Great Idea"
I am on my first can of this stuff and so far it has been great! The fact that it sprays at any angle is wonderful...I can get under their bellys and between their front legs with no problem. It seems to work for the 12 hours. It is nice to have something to spray on me too, that doesn't smell like horse flyspray. Some of the youngsters are concerned with the different spray but they soon get used to it. Can't remark on to how long a can lasts, I have used it this week on one horse and there is still about half a can left. Hope it proves to be worth the price.
You May Also Like
$12.95 to $23.95
BugPellent - Fly & Tick Insect Repellent Gel
See price in cart
Ambush Insecticide & Repellent 32oz


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We have a Maltese puppy in a vets office being boarded that we need moved soon. They want her out by the 4th.
We would need somone to get her from the vets office if at all possible.
We need for her to be flown to Gainesville, FL
Thanks for any help!
Debi Mishoe
Southern Comfort Maltese Rescue


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Of course, that's because a lot of it contains lead. On purpose. Mmmm, love me some of that folk wisdom.
Monthly Archive: January 2008
Jan 22 2008
Traditional Medicine is Sweet
Jan 18 2008
Oh, LEGO
Ben's birthday is today. I know he'd love more Star Wars LEGOs, but he won't be getting them from me. And despite everything Lucas has done, it's not about Star Wars. I played with LEGOs as a kid whenever I could. They're the ultimate in undirected play. They don't require great dexterity, they come in …
Jan 18 2008
Rodents of Unusual Size
Meet Josephoartigasia monesi, a one-ton prehistoric guinea pig. As P.Z. points out, "[t]here is no suggestion that it lived in a fire swamp — its habitat was probably forested river deltas."
Jan 02 2008
Cooking Blind
There's an odd challenge to cooking a meal in the middle of a migraine aura. This cup of cornmeal feels level; is it? Where exactly is the top of the milk in the measure? I can tell the venison isn't red anymore, but how brown is it? Am I going to get this done before …
Jan 01 2008
Eating Meat, Lots of Meat
There's a character I've been wanting to write for a while but probably won't until the next book. He's a vegetarian. It's pretty central to his character, and I want to make sure I do it justice. But thinking about it made me realize just how not a vegetarian I am. I started counting the …


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Click To Enlarge
Wild Porcini mushrooms and portabella, Roma tomatoes, garlic and a deep burgundy flavor. A whole new level of flavor! 16 oz. Ingredients: tomatoes, roasted portabella mushrooms, roasted garlic, Burgundy wine, olive oil, basil, shallots, sun-dried tomatoes, porcini mushroom, balsamic vinegar, salt, white pepper, thai chile peppers. Made in the U.S.A.
- Item #: 8-RV-03