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By Cass Rains, Staff Writer
Enid News and Eagle
ENID, Okla. —
A former Enid Public Schools bus driver and volunteer coach was arraigned Thursday on 13 counts of lewd molestation, seven counts of use of a computer to commit a felony and a single count of forcible sodomy.
Patrick Leon Watts, 48, appeared via video from Garfield County Detention Facility before Special District Judge Brian Lovell on the 21-count indictment involving four victims.
Watts told Lovell court records have his name, date of birth and address correct. He also asked the judge when he would receive a court-appointed attorney.
Assistant District Attorney Jason Siegars asked the judge to increase Watts' bond to $10 million based upon the "sheer volume" of counts, punishment ranges and the number of incidents and victims.
Lovell responded: "I'll admit, quite frankly, ($10 million bond) doesn't offend me. But I think the $1 million is enough."
Lovell told Watts to fill out the paperwork for court-appointed counsel and ordered him to return to court Nov. 25 for a bond appearance.
Watts faces up to 20 years in prison on the sodomy charge, three to 20 years on each count of lewd molestation and up to five years in prison and/or a fine of up to $5,000 on each count of use of a computer to commit a felony.
A six-page affidavit filed in the case details interviews with four victims, two from Pratt, Kan., and two from Enid.
Enid Police Department investigators initially prepared an affidavit detailing the incidents involving the teens from Kansas, but prepared a second affidavit when more victims came forward following Watts' arrest.
EPD Sgt. Bryan Hart said the investigation is ongoing, and he expects there could be more victims. Anyone with information about this case can call Hart or Detective Tim Doyle at (580) 242-7000.
First Kansas report
Enid Police Department detectives arrested Watts last week after being contacted by law enforcement in Kansas. Authorities there received a report of molestation from a 15-year-old boy, according to a six-page affidavit filed in the case.
The boy told investigators in Kansas that Watts was a family friend and coach and had touched him during his eighth-grade year, according to the affidavit. The boy said Watts invited him to an Oklahoma State University football game for the weekend, and they stayed at an Enid motel. The teen said when they checked into the motel Nov. 5, 2011, Watts requested a room with a king-sized bed.
The teen said after the game he and Watts watched "Family Guy" and Watts viewed pornography on his school iPad.
The boy said he went to sleep and woke up in the middle of the night with his underwear down around his legs and Watts was under the covers performing oral sex on him, according to the affidavit. The boy said he got up and cursed at Watts, but Watts rolled over and didn't say anything to him.
That morning, the teen said he showered with the door locked, but Watts showered with the door open and when he finished, came out into the room nude to dress, according to the affidavit.
Background on Watts
Watts was interviewed by Doyle Oct. 16 at Enid Police Department.
Watts said he worked for Enid Public Schools as a bus driver, coach and also performed lunchroom duty. When asked what he coached, Watts said seventh-grade football. Watts said he took a year off to work for another company last year, but also had coached for Enid in the past for a total of about four years.
Watts said he also volunteered at Wichita South High School and coached some Little League programs in Pratt, Kan.
When Doyle asked Watts about the incident with the 15-year-old, Watts denied performing oral sex on the boy. However, Watts admitted to police some inappropriate things may have happened. When asked what things, Watts said lying too close to the boy in bed. He later said he might have accidentally brushed against the teen's genitals, according to the affidavit.
Doyle asked Watts about getting a room with a king-sized bed, and Watts said it was all the motel had, according to the affidavit. Doyle told Watts he checked the records at the motel and they showed he had requested the single bed. Watts then said he really didn't remember and maybe he got that bed out of habit, according to the affidavit.
Doyle told Watts what the 15-year-old had told investigators and noted Watts sat for 29 seconds staring at the floor and not saying anything. He continued staring at the floor while stating, "I would really rather not say right now," according to the affidavit
Watts denied any sexual contact.
"As far as I know, there was no contact made," Watts told Doyle. "I mean, if he wants to think that he can."
The detective asked Watts what inappropriate things occurred, since Watts had said some things occurred. but not oral sex.
"I would say like lying next to him, and I might have moved over and moved my hand over him, but I don't think I touched him, but I might have," he said, according to the affidavit.
Second Kansas report
Doyle told Watts the 15-year-old's story was not the only one he had heard.
Watts asked who else Doyle had spoken with, and then named the other person, who now is 20 years old, but said he was abused by Watts when he was 15. Watts explained he was a neighbor of the second person in Pratt, Kan.
Watts told Doyle he needed to be careful about what he said because the things he is being accused of are life- changing. Watts said he believed someone was trying to get even with him, according to the affidavit.
Watts said what the first teen was saying was not true, and he did not understand why the teen would say something that was not true, according to the affidavit. Doyle asked if there was a reason the second person would say something that was untrue. Watts said his accuser was upset when he moved away from Pratt.
Watts said they were close and did a lot of stuff together, went a lot of places together and he coached him in wrestling. He said they spent a lot of time together because they were neighbors.
Doyle told Watts the second person probably realized later in life a lot of things he did back then were wrong and he shouldn't have done those things. While saying that, Doyle noted Watts was shaking his head up and down as if saying "yes" or agreeing, according to the affidavit.
Doyle then asked Watts if there were ever inappropriate things done between him and the second person to come forward, and Watts denied anything inappropriate.
He said the second person was around 13 or 14 when they were around one another.
Doyle again questioned Watts about the first teen and Watts requesting a single bed in their motel room in Enid. Doyle told Watts he thought Watts had the whole thing planned and asked for a single bed hoping something would happen.
Watts made some strange facial expressions and told Doyle, "I don't think so," according to the affidavit. Doyle asked Watts why he would want to sleep in a bed with a teenage boy, and Watts said he thought he was given a discount on the room because it had a single bed, according to the affidavit.
Doyle confirmed with Watts he said the only thing he could have done was reach across him while sleeping. Watts said "yes." Doyle asked if it was possible Watts had touched the teen's genitals, and Watts said, "I might have," according to the affidavit. Doyle asked if it was with his hand, foot or mouth, and Watts said he didn't know.
After the interview, Doyle checked with the motel and a manager there said they do not offer a discount rate for a room with two beds or a single king-sized bed.
Doyle was contacted Oct. 18 by military police, who had interviewed the second person.
In the interview, the young man said he met Watts through Pratt Wrestling Club and said Watts was his coach.
In the interview, the man estimated there were 15 to 20 incidents involving Watts sexually abusing him, the first sometime in late 2005 or early 2006, according to the affidavit.
He said the last incident occurred when Watts moved to Oklahoma. He was unsure of the time, but knows it was before the summer of 2008.
He said Watts asked him to help Watts move and he didn't want to, but Watts talked him into it.
He said the apartment was in either Enid or Woodward, but he had to stay in the same bed as Watts and Watts attempted to touch him inappropriately, according to the affidavit.
He told investigators most of the incidents " ... tend to blur together."
"Most of the times, I was scared," he said. "I would try to resist a little, but I felt it would be easier if I just let him do it so I could go to back to sleep," according to the affidavit.
First Enid report
On Oct. 17, Sgt. Bryan Hart was contacted by an Enid man who said he suspected Watts had molested his 17-year-old son.
He said his son had spent time alone with Watts during the summer of 2012. Hart interviewed the 17-year-old Oct. 18 at Garfield County Child Advocacy Center.
The teen told Hart that Watts was his baseball and wrestling coach, and that Watts was more of a friend than a coach. They went to the Oklahoma City area and stayed in a motel.
He said when they checked in, Watts got a room with only one bed, according to the affidavit. During the night, the teen said he woke up and found Watts "spooning him" and with Watts' arm around him, according to the affidavit.
The teen said he tried to get Watts' arm off him, but Watts tightened his grip on him. He said he eventually got Watts to let go, and he spent the rest of the night in a chair.
The teen said Watts would play a game where Watts would always try to grab his "junk," according to the affidavit. He said Watts would play this game when another boy was around.
Hart asked the teen about the trip to the metro. The teen said he remembered Watts telling him he had to get a room with one bed because that was the best his credit score would allow.
The teen said Watts explained his behavior by saying he usually slept next to a pillow.
The teen also said the game Watts played trying to grab his genitals was played "constantly" over a two-year period with Watts, according to the affidavit. The teen said this behavior made him feel uncomfortable.
Second Enid report
Hart was contacted by a second father Oct. 16, who said he believed his 12-year-old son had been molested. This was the same boy mentioned by the 17-year-old.
During an interview Oct. 18 with the 12-year-old, the seventh-grader said he had a talk with his parents about Watts, who was his football coach.
He said one time Watts tried to measure the boy's "wiener." He said Watts would ask him questions about his genitals, according to the affidavit. He said Watts once measured himself, and then the 12-year-old exposed himself to Watts, at Watt's request, and Watts measured him.
The boy said Watts once played pornography and asked the boy if Watts could see his penis. The boy exposed himself to Watts, who then touched him, according to the affidavit.
The boy said Watts showed him pornography at Watts' home five different times on his laptop computer, according to the affidavit. The boy said when Watts would show him pornography, he would sit on the coach's lap. He said this happened about three times.


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$1,300 in Bras Stolen: According to a report from Media Patch, over $1,300 in "Glorious Push Up" bras was stolen from the Granite Run Mall. Check out the full story here.
Sister, Sister: According to a report from Roxborough Patch, a woman struck her sister with picture frame while allegedly under the influence of drugs. Read the full story here.
That's a lot of Quarters: According to a report from Malvern Patch, an unknown person reportedly stole over $300 dollars in coins and several pills, including Levitra pills, from an area residence. Check out the full story here.

subset: commoncrawl


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User/Comment Login
A 2008 graduate of the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, Hans Brueckner recently turned a hobby into a career. Upon graduating, Brueckner tried his hand at computer engineering but soon learned it wasn't for him.
St. Johns County School Board meetings usually start with a performance from students from area schools. No performance on Tuesday since school is out, but the auditorium was crowded nonetheless.
In this case, it was awards time for every school and every maintenance coordinator in the district as officials celebrated all school campuses earning the Energy Star award.
That's a big deal for schools and for the district's bottom line. It's also the first time all the schools have won the designation given by the federal Environmental Protection Agency.
Excelsior School, which was once the heart of Lincolnville, has its champions in Myrtis and Otis Mason.
Through the years, they have spearheaded a drive that turned the school into the Excelsior Museum and Cultural Center. They are part of Friends of Excelsior Inc. and right now they're looking for more friends to help support the center and make it once again a vital part of the community.
The St. Augustioe Youth Ambassadors recently visited the marina downtown to see the two replicas of historic ships, the Nao Victoria and El Galeon.
In conjunction with St. Augustine's 450th Commemoration, the Youth Ambassadors visit locations throughout the city in an educational hands-on learning program where students gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the historical significance of St. Augustine.
While visiting the historic ships, the ambassadors learned about life as a mariner in the 14th century.
Beginning Monday, the St. Johns County School District goes to a four-day workweek at the district office at 40 Orange St. and at consolidated school locations.
It's a move that helps control energy costs and brings about a savings of about $800,000 over the summer months, according to district officials. Summer activities are centralized in buildings where the lowest energy consumption will occur and building operations are restricted in most schools.
Crookshank Elementary School has a tradition on the last day of school. The kids load up in the buses and the buses circle the bus loop several times with the kids waving madly out the windows and teachers and staff madly waving from the sidewalk.
"The 19 years I've been here we've always done the loop," said Linda Noftell, an exceptional education teacher, as students and teachers said their goodbyes as the school year ended Thursday.
The loop is a moment of joy, except for the fifth-graders, who are usually "crying their eyes out," Principal Jay Willets said.
Slideshow: Ponte Vedra High
Friday afternoon the seniors at the Florida School for the Deaf and Blind demonstratively told the real world "here we are now, entertain us" at the school's 100th commencement ceremony in St. Augustine.
This group of young men and women, who aspire to become engineers, horticulturalists, law enforcers, teachers of future students of their alma mater and much more, filled four rows in the center of the Claude R. Kirk Jr. Auditorium.
"We couldn't do it without you," became the theme as career specialists from the district's high schools thanked those businesses for their help and talked about the year's accomplishments on Thursday.
The district added another accomplishment as the Ford Motor Company Fund named the school district in St. Johns County as a Ford Next Generation Learning (NGL) Community.
Changes continue in the St. Johns County School District with the selection of two new principals.
Steve McCormick, principal of Fruit Cove Middle School, will become principal of Ponte Vedra High School. He fills the job left vacant by the death of Craig Speziale, who lost his battle with cancer this year.
Lynn O'Connor, assistant principal of Ponte Vedra High, will become principal at Fruit Cove Middle.
School Superintendent Joe Joyner announced the moves late Wednesday afternoon. His recommendations go to the St. Johns County School Board at their June 10 meeting.
MILTON — Florida's education commissioner on Tuesday rejected an assertion by a state lawmaker that a standardized testing organization aims to make public school students homosexual.
American Institutes for Research is administering new statewide tests for students in Florida. The testing aligns with the nationwide Common Core standards that some states have accepted while others have rejected.
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The Big East Tournament starts today. What sacrificial lambs will move on to round two?
WVU vs. Villanova MAPOG: Truck Leads The Way - Good Truck was on the floor last night against the WIldcats
The Shotgun/Throwdown: Wednesday (4/13/11) Edition - WVU football player spring profiles & more on beer at Mountaineer Field
The Shotgun/Throwdown: Monday (3/27/11) Edition - WVU football spring drills start on Wed and basketball news begins wrapping up
The Shotgun/Throwdown: Friday (3/25/11) Edition - the best WVU sports link dump anywhere
The Shotgun/Throwdown: 2011NCAA Tournament Hangover (3/21/11) Edition - Men's and women's NCAA tournament coverage and spring football starts in a week
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Recent online news stories that have featured MCW Faculty experts.
Contact Public Affairs Media Relations: (414) 955-4725 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Moody's Investors Service affirmed MCW's A1 long-term and underlying bond ratings. This action affects approximately $194 million of rated revenue bonds issued through the Wisconsin Health and Educational Facilities Authority.
Moody's Investors Service, November 19, 2013
July 29 - The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled in favor of MCW in a case that affirmed lower court rulings that Wisconsin's whistleblower law only protects people who actually receive a salary from the institution they file a complaint against. WPR
July 29 - A story on WUWM-FM explores the increase in concussion in children nationwide, and prevention, treatment and research around youth concussion. Kevin Walter, MD, associate professor of orthopaedic surgery and director of the Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine program at Children's Hospital, was interviewed for the story. WUWM-FM
July 29 - In an ABC-TV/Channel 12 report, Frank Pintar, PhD discusses research in MCW's Vehicle Crashworthiness Lab at the Zablocki VA Medical Center on angled front/side impact crashes. The report notes that MCW research has contributed to the development of side, curtain, and knee airbags in automobiles. Dr. David Milia discusses the types of injuries created by angled crashes that are treated at the Children's and Froedtert Trauma Centers. WISN


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Miles West Theatre
Company Presents:
Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol" brought to life as an old-time radio show at 12 Miles West Theatre, Rutherford, NJ.
The classic holiday favorite, performed in 1940s radio style, featuring on-stage music and sound effects, just like an old-time radio show. A Christmas Carol: The Radio Show is adapted by Jerry Lazar and directed by Cynthia Granville, and is true to Dickens' original story, capturing the spirit of the holiday season with humor and warmth.
Celebrate the holiday season in style once again with Holiday Cheer and All That Jazz - December 1st and 2nd, 2012. This annual celebratory musical event features 12 Miles Wests best line-up to date, with today's most talented jazz musicians. Kick off the holiday weekend with a custom made pizza at Pizzamoré and settle in for an evening of exceptional live jazz in the Performance Space at 12 Miles West.
Holiday Cheer and All That Jazz takes flight on Saturday evening, December 1st, with the Rum Runners Quintet, featuring vocals by Vanessa Perea. Let the sleigh bells ring and the music begin Saturday at 7:30 p.m. and Sunday at 2:00 p.m. at the Performance Space at 12 Miles West Theatre.
Box Office: 201-636-2127
12 Miles West is
in residence at the Performance Space in Pizzamore,
62 Park Avenue Rutherford, NJ 07070


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American thrash metal act Battlecross have confirmed that they will be joining Machine Head, Children of Bodom and Epica on tour beginning on October 4 in Denver. All tickets will go on sale this Friday at 10am eastern.Read More
King of Asgard
Swedish Viking black metal-tinged act, King of Asgard has released their new album 'Karg' today via Metal Blade Records. The album has received high critical praise and a great reception.Read More
Today DragonForce unveils the second song from their upcoming masterpiece. The second single, entitled 'Defenders' is being premiered exclusively by Loudwire.Read More
Cannibal Corpse
American Death Metal Icons, CANNIBAL CORPSE, are pleased to announce the release of their thirteenth full-length, entitled, A Skeletal Domain. New Song And Pre-order Packages Now AvailableRead More
New Releases
Metal Blade TV
Upcoming Releases
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Purson's Debut Album, "The Circle And The Blue Door", Streaming via Spin
- April 24th, 2013 – Photo credit: Ester Segarra April 30 Release Via...Read More
ENSIFERUM sign worldwide deal with Metal Blade Records
- April 24th, 2013 – **Photo Credit: Stephanie Cabral Finland's...Read More
Uncle Acid and The Deadbeats Premiere New Song On NPR
- April 24th, 2013 – "An easy pick for one of the year's...Read More
PENTAGRAM announce new guitarist; European performances scheduled for this week!
- April 24th, 2013 – After months of searching and reviewing literally...Read More
BLOOD CEREMONY announce "The Eldritch Dark"
- April 23rd, 2013 – Launch new song, "Goodbye Gemini" In...Read More
Tim Lambesis posts Pyrithion concept and lyrics video explanation
- April 23rd, 2013 – Tim Lambesis, vocalist for As I Lay Dying,...Read More
Antropomorphia Release Video for 'Debauchery in Putrefaction'
- April 23rd, 2013 – After having released their first ever videoclip...Read More
AMON AMARTH Unleash New Studio Album Artwork, Track Listing + First Single
- April 15th, 2013 – Melodic death metal heroes AMON AMARTH are pleased...Read More


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text: It only takes about 10 seconds to realize the strength of a track (go ahead, test it sometime). So when I plugged in my headphones to check out SmCity's premiere single and the bass almost knocked my eardrums out, I knew it would at least be pretty damn good. Upon further listening, I realized … Read More


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Madame Alexander Dolls
Madame Alexander® Dolls, manufactured by The Alexander Doll Company, are beautifully detailed collectible dolls to be treasured for a lifetime by children of all ages. Since their introduction 85 years ago, Madame Alexander dolls have come to represent the highest standard in the making of traditional collectible dolls.
The Madame Alexander dolls are manufactured with great care and attention to detail. Once the heads and bodies are produced from molds, faces are individually painted using stencils, spray bottles, and tiny stylists' brushes. Long strands of hair create the ultimate hairstyles. Even the dolls' tiny fingernails are not forgotten; each is hand painted with amazing detail. A team of seamstresses creates each exquisite wardrobe, and shoes are crafted by hand. Each of the Madame Alexander dolls truly reflects the artistry of a dream maker of extraordinary proportions.
Toni's Collectibles carries the complete range of Madame Alexander dolls, including the high-fashion Alex dolls and Cissy dolls.
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|Canoe Pass Inn Bed and Breakfast
|3383 River Road West, Ladner, BC V4K 3N2
|Tel: 604-946-6780 or 604-940-6776
Our unique floating home bed and breakfast is located at the mouth of the Fraser River in an historically rich area of Ladner known as Canoe Pass.
Ladner is part of South Delta and located only minutes from the BC Ferries Terminal in Tsawwassen. The location offers great convenience to travelers visiting Vancouver and Vancouver Island.
Boaters, walkers, cyclists, and bird watchers have long enjoyed it here as a wonderfully scenic and restful spot to spend a day. Known around the world by bird watchers everywhere, the Reifel Bird Sanctuary is just across the Westham Island Bridge from our B&B and the village of Ladner is just a 5 minute bike ride down the dike.
Your hosts are an established fishing family that currently use these docks as our home base.
There's plenty to see and do at the Canoe Pass Bed & Breakfast. First we'd like you to Come Inn...
"Thanks for your hospitality We loved the sunrise with full moon, sunsets, swans, and goslings and feeding them too. We enjoyed the walk in Reifel Bird Sanctuary, and seeing the Sandhill Cranes. The water reflections, boats, birds, sky are tranquil and fascinating. Great Stay!"
Sue and Carl
Otters Pond B&B
Orcas Island, WA


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Club L Crochet 2-in-1 Maxi Dress
- In Stock
75 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
Club L Crochet Top Maxi Dress
Getting you ready for all those summer parties this maxi dress by Club L is the perfect pick for taking you from chic daytime to glamorous evenings.
The crochet top is part lined with a scoop neck to the back playing a sultry game of peek-a-boo that's sure to catch the eye of many an admirer! Showing off the results of your trip to Marbs the coral hue works flawlessly with sun-smooched skin, while the skirt falls gorgeously to the floor.
Wear this maxi dress with a pair of block heeled sandals, a coral lip and cute clutch to complete your summertime party style.
Useful info:
- Maxi dress by Club L
- Crochet detail top
- Scoop back design
- Rounded neckline
- Concealed back zip
- Length: 57 inches
Love Label Lace Bodice Swing Dress
- Low stock, selling fast
13 reviews
- Delivery
Love Label Swing Dress with Lace Bodice
We've fallen head over heels for this gorgeous lace bodice swing dress by Love Label.
Every fashionista knows that the LDB is an essential and this pretty piece certainly fits the bill. The lace bodice livens up your look and adds a girly glam you'll love, while a plunging sweetheart neckline and spaghetti straps give your looks a flirty update showing off your sun-kissed shoulders. The nipped in waist and flared skirt have a fun charm that swings as you strut your stuff.
Wear this swing dress with Head Over Heels two part sandals and a statement necklace for total glamour.
Useful info:
- Swing dress by Love Label
- Lace bodice; spaghetti straps
- Sweetheart neckline; flared skirt
- Length 34 inch
Berkertex Soft Monochrome Dress
- In Stock
60 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
Berkertex Monochrome Panel Dress
This beautiful monochrome dress by Berkertex is perfect for weddings, especially for a mother-of-the-bride.
Contrasting monochrome panels work in the chalkboard trend that continues to impress this season, while the cut allows the fabric to sway out at the hem creating a beautifully fluid silhouette. Sleeveless in style this piece keeps you cool and confident on warm summer says, while the back zip fastening perfects the fit.
Wear this dress with a pair of peep toe court shoes, black clutch and sparkling jewellery for an elegantly coordinated outfit. Add a wrap for a touch of added flair.
Useful info:
- Occasion dress by Berkertex
- Contrast monochrome panels
- Zip fastening to back
- Length: 42 inch
South Pull On Maxi Dress
- In Stock
7 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
South Pull On Maxi DressColours: Blue Print, Pink Print. Cotton. Machine washable.
Definitions Scuba Midi Dress with All-Over Watercolour Print
Make a splash this season with colour
Dripping in beautiful colours, this scuba midi dress by Definitions is perfect for the last days of summer.
Made from scuba fabric this dress has plenty of stretch to skim your gorgeous curves, while the midi length, with a slightly dipped hem, exudes elegance. The clash of colours fuse together to give this frock a vivid print, while cap sleeves make the finish smart.
Wear this midi dress with a pair of metallic barely there sandals, cute clutch and rosy pink lips for a fun and flirty style.
Whatever you do, do it in style
Useful info:
- Midi dress by Definitions
- Stretchy scuba fabric
- Watercolour print
- Capped sleeves
- Slightly dipped hem
- Length 42 inches
So Fabulous 2-in-1 Tropical Print Jersey Maxi Dress
- In Stock
12 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
So Fabulous! Two-In-One Tropical Print Jersey Maxi Dress
This two-in-one maxi dress by So Fabulous! is the perfect pick for rolling up into your carry on and escaping away for a holiday in the sun.
The two-in-one design combines a chic black top with a colourful, printed maxi skirt creating a chic yet playful daytime outfit. The tropical, blue pattern skirt is the perfect base for playing with the colour clash trend, while its maxi length flatters your figure by lengthening your legs and streamlining your silhouette. The combination of the black top and an elasticated waist cinch your shape giving your curves added va va voom.
Wear this dress with Shoe Box sandals and a golden tan for perfect beach babe beauty.
Useful info:
- Maxi dress by So Fabulous!
- Two-in-one design
- Double layer black top
- Tropical print to skirt
- Elasticated waistband
- Worn length: 56 inches
Resort Jersey Placement Print Tunic
- In Stock
0 review
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
Resort Jersey Printed Tunic
This cotton tunic by Resort is the perfect cover up this summer when the holiday sun gets just a touch too hot or when you need to nip over to the beach stand for a little refreshment!
Featuring a placement floral print, this tunic top adds a vibrant pop of colour to your looks. In white it is fresh, while the black is a timeless piece. The fabric is soft and lightweight for a cool and comfortable wear, while cute sleeves and a cinched waist are super flattering. The plunging neckline is perfect for showing off your bikini of the day.
Wear this tunic over the Resort mix and match halter bikini top and matching bikini bottoms. Add sandals and stacks of bangles for more colour!
Useful info:
- Tunic by Resort
- Placement floral print
- Jersey fabric
- Quarter sleeves
- Cinched waist
- Plunging neckline
So Fabulous Tropical Print Bandeau Jersey Maxi Dress
- In Stock
12 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
So Fabulous! Tropical Print Bandeau Jersey Maxi Dress
This printed jersey maxi dress by So Fabulous! is just the thing to put you in the holiday mood.
Perfect for your glam week in the sun, this maxi dress adds an exotic flavour to your new season style. Stylish in the day with sandals or dressed up at night with wedges - this frock's statuesque design and all-over floral print make it a versatile piece. The bandeau top flatters your bust and shows off your décolletage - perfect for Apple shapes.
Wear this dress with Shoe Box sandals and a golden tan for a beach goddess beauty look.
Useful info:
- Maxi dress by So Fabulous!
- All-over tropical print
- Bandeau style top
- Detachable, adjustable straps
Definitions Purple Crepe Tunic Dress
The versatility lovers pick of the season
This tunic by Definitions is one of the most iconic versatile pieces in every fashion lover's wardrobe. From season to season the tunic works effortlessly with your workwear closet, occasion pieces and off-duty chic looks.
In a crepe like fabric this tunic is all about lightweight summer fun and will keep you looking hot with its minimal style, while keeping you cool as the temperatures rise. The vibrant purple hue is a rich favourite of the season that lends your look and effortlessly elegant style, while quarter sleeves add to the minimalist appeal.
Wear this tunic dress with a pair of barely there sandals, an oversized envelope clutch and minimal accessories and get ready to make a summer statement.
Whatever you do, do it in style
Useful info:
- Tunic dress by Definitions
- Crepe like fabric
- Quarter sleeves
- Back zip detail
- Unlined
- Length: 35 inches
Lipsy Floral and Animal Bodycon Dress
- In Stock
12 reviews
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Lipsy Embellished Bandeau Maxi Dress
Concealed zip fastening to the back. Approx length 33 inch.Colour: Multi. 95% polyester, 5% elastane. Machine washable.
Savoir Simple Shift Dress
- In Stock
3 reviews
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- Next day delivery available
Savoir Simple Shift Dress
Structured pencil dress length 40 inch.Colours: Blue, Red. Machine washable.
French Connection Anastasia Dress
- In Stock
1 review
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- Next day delivery available
French Connection Fit and Flare Dress with Anastasia Print
This jersey fit and flare dress by French Connection is a perennial style staple for the season.
The fit and flare style nips you in at the waist and adds a little swish and sway to your silhouette, while full sleeves make it a cool transitional piece. The all-over Anastasia print is delicate showing off your chic feminine charm.
Wear this Anastasia dress with a pair of ankle strap sandals, a statement necklace and cute tote this season.
Useful info:
- Fit and flare dress by French Connection
- All-over Anastasia print
- Long-sleeved fit
- Deep V-neck
- Zip at back
- Length: 37 inches


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President Barack Obama's "Raise the Wage" campaign will touch down in Connecticut this week.
Obama will speak at Central Connecticut State University on Wednesday, March 5. The visit is one of many the president is making to garner support for increasing the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour.
Obama will be joined at the New Britain campus by Connecticut Gov. Dannel P. Malloy, Massachusetts Gov. Deval L. Patrick, Rhode Island Gov. Lincoln D. Chafee, and Vermont Gov. Peter E. Shumlin.
Malloy, a Democrat who fell in lockstep with the president andcalled for an increase in the state's minimum wage to $10.10after Obama unveiled the proposal in his State of the Union speech, was at the nation's capitol last week to meet with other governors and Obama. There, Malloy exchanged verbal fisticuffs with Gov. Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, after the Republican criticized Obama's push to increase the minimum wage.
"There is a debate happening across our country on how to tackle the growing income inequality that is detrimental to our middle class families and to our economy," Malloy said. "Part of tackling that critically important challenge is making sure that we recognize that a decent wage is good for workers and good for business."
"For too long," Malloy continued, "the minimum wage has not kept up with the cost of living."
Malloy announced last week via Twitter that Obama was coming to the state, but he held off on disclosing any details. Confirmation of the president's visit, as well as the venue, were confirmed Saturday.
CCSU also announced the news to the campus community Saturday evening.
"We are honored to announce that on Wednesday, March 5, President Barack Obama will give a speech at the University. An email to the campus community on Monday will provide details about the event, about obtaining tickets to it, and related information."
Malloy said, "I am happy to welcome President Obama and my New England colleagues to Connecticut for the next phase of this incredibly important debate. Working together, we can and will make sure that people who work 40 hours a week don't live in poverty."
According to Malloy, studies have shown that the workers who would benefit from a minimum wage increase brought home 46 percent of their household's total wage and salary income in 2011.
"When workers earn more money, businesses will have more customers," he said. "This modest boost will help those earning the least to make ends meet."


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12U Xtreme is holding open practice Sunday, 2/24 from 1-3pm.
4501 Ave H Rosenburg Tx 77471
Online Golf Tee Times with Last Minute Tee Time Deals & Discounts
Cool Running is the complete online resource for runners.
Find your favorite campground from the best campgrounds listing!
What have you always wanted to do?


text:
I am an experienced programmer but completely new to the market. Someone wants me to do a project for them, but I do not know how much it is worth. What are general guidelines/advices for finding what a project is worth on the market?
If I can ask here about this particular one, it is a HTML5 site with a login/register form and a video player that has to play a lecture video and powerpoint slides synchronized. They'll give me the video, the audio the powerpoints. I should also do some editting on the video before.


text:
Lamb Clip Art - Sheep Clip Art
Artvex: Sheep
Find cartoon sheep, black and white sheep, sheep heads, a sheep scene, and more.
Cartoon Cottage
Find a group of sheep, an animated sheep linebar, sheep standing in snow with pine trees in the background, pairs of sheep with hearts, and more.
ClipsAhoy: Sheep and Goats
Browse sheep and goats that are playing golf, running, and smiling, etc.
Clipart ETC
Find black and white illustrations and clip art of sheep, lambs, and rams that includes an ewe and lamb, a Cotswold sheep, a Merino ewe, a Shropshire ewe, and other sheep images.
CoolClips Sheep
Locate little white lambs jumping, adult sheep, rams, grazing sheep, a sheep face, and other clip art of sheep.
Cornerstone Sheep
View animated, static, color, and black and white clip art of sheep and lambs, plus animated sheep jumping fences, prize ribbons, and more.
Lucy Learns
Browse white lambs in various sizes, plus light yellow lambs with pink faces, baby lambs, and shepherds with their flocks of sheep.


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Today we are beginning to re-enable the ability to create new Linked IDs. This change is rolling out in the next couple days and should be complete this week.
For some customers – particularly power users – you've told us that it's essential to be able to juggle multiple accounts. Over the last year we've added several powerful new ways to do this – specifically aliases and email aggregation ("POP aggregation), on top of existing features like "plus addresses". Each of these is a great solution designed to help a different scenario:
As we have made these changes, we looked at how most people use Linked IDs and found that, for the most part, they were used to solve exactly these problems – managing multiple email addresses and accounts. In our major update last month, one of the things we did is turn off the ability to create new Linked IDs, instead encouraging use of our new features. However it became clear from listening to your feedback that there were many people who used Linked IDs for other reasons, and so we are making a change today to re-enable the creation of Linked IDs.
We appreciate your feedback and we will use this blog going forward to proactively communicate any changes we make to the Windows Live ID system.
Eric Doerr – Group Program Manager, Windows Live Cloud Directory
@Eric Doerr
I'm assuming the change is still rolling out? I haven't seen any change yet.
Aliases could be a nice replacement for having a linked ID. However, I would need the ability to merge my two accounts (merge one into the other one) to be able to make the transition.
Curious, has anyone hit the server/s with the TILES? I haven't.
Regarding Hotmail featues in Outlook and Windows Live Mail:
I would like to suggest for Outlook for Windows a consolidated / unified inbox (as in Outlook 2011 for mac and Windows Live Mail), so that all messages from separate accounts appear in one inbox. At the moment Search Folders don't work with Hotmail accounts.
Another suggestion is to use several consolidated folders: All mail, all unread mail, all unread mail from contacts, unread RSS feeds etc. (as in Windows Live Mail).
Tighter integration with Windows Live Messenger: when Live Messenger shows a new mail alert and one clicks on it, Outlook should open (instead of Live Mail / or browser with Hotmail) and the message should then already have been downloaded by Outlook (as Live Mail does).
Linked IDs and aliases are two different features offering slightly different scenarios. Please don't do anything stupid like taking away either one of them again.
@danielgr - I like the second point!!
Why don't IWL blog about the new reminders in Hotmail Calendar??
@ Eric
Yes this is welcome news. Thanks.
I just said that it doesn't have to be your *main* account...
And well, I fully support you: WLM should be able to handle aliases just as Hotmail does.
@ Noel Burgess Thanks for taking the time to write the work around, but that's not what I'm looking about (I did try though following all your steps). What I want is for WL team to fully integrate hotmail aliases into Microsoft email clients.
I don't want to
- create a separate account (with its own folders I don't need)
- e-mails sent with an alias going to an outbox different from my hotmail account (I could make an e/mail rule to solve that, but that's yet another step)
- people to receive my e-mails as "forwarded by hotmail" when sent with an alias.
- need complex settings and to change manually the address when replying (which are fine to me, not 4 my careless family members and friends)
I want the whole seemless experience offered by hotmail website built into WLM & Outlook. That after adding your hotmail account your aliases are recognized automatically and work exactly as they do in hotmail website. This was a "feature request", not so much of a "how to" question...
Hi again!
WLMail can only send messages using one of the accounts listed in the folder pane. To send using your alias address, you have to set up an account for the purpose. In WLMail 2011,
1. Click 'Work offline'
1. Press Ctrl-Shift-T to open the 'Add email account' wixard
2. Enter your alias address and display name. Clear the 'Remember...' box.
3. Select 'Manually configure...' and click 'Next'
4. Select 'POP' for the incoming server type and enter pop.a.com for the address.
5. Enter smtp.live.com for the outgoing server address, change the port to 587 and select both 'Requires...' boxes
6. Click 'Next' and 'Finish'.
The account should now appear as the bottom one of your accounts in the folder pane.
7. Right-click on the account name and select 'Properties'.
On the 'General' tab, give the account a descriptive name and deselect 'Include this account...'
On the 'Servers' tab, click 'Settings' and enter the address and password for your primary account.
10. Click 'Apply' and 'OK'.
11. Press Ctrl-N and drop down the 'From' menu in the new message window. You should see your new account listed. Try it out. You'll have to 'Go online' to send.
[Questions like this should be posted at WLSC...]
@sumitmehta : Thats what I was trying to say. Hotmail's other features cannot replace Linked IDs. In your first post on this blogpost, you said if your request is considered then there is no need of Linked IDs and therefore I had to disagree with you. Anyways, many thanks for clearing your point.
I agree that Win Live team should give the ability to convert IDs into aliases.
@gorzko I'm extremely interested on what you described, but I cannot find a way of adding aliases in Windows Live Mail 2011. (I have actually done countless searches on the web to find it). Could you describe to me the procedure in a more detailed way?
I can for sure change the address, but there is a single one.
When using the hotmail interface one can "choose" the sending address when writing every e-mail, and when replying to an incoming e-mail the appropriate address is automatically set-up.
I certainly do not want to go and change the properties of my account everytime I send an e-mail, nor do I want to really care about which address am I using when replying someone. Again, this is perfectly handled in hotmail, just still not well done in Windows Live Mail & Outlook (2010). I hope they'll improve it for the future.
Thank You!!! Oh wow, I really thought they were gone forever!
I agree with above posters about merging the aliases and linked ids. However, before this change would ever be made, just run it by the users in a blog post or something. Keeping people updated on the situation and soliciting and listening to feedback is everything!
Thank you! Not only was the ability to create linked IDs restored but also prior IDs are back just as I had used them in the past. That was a particularly nice touch - listening to your customers and re-enabling prior settings! Now maybe we can hope to see running slide shows again soon, and getting links to photos (the full size version) back?
@trulyindian My suggetion for enabling existing hotmail accounts for Aliases was just a feature requrest. I am not in favour of replacing Linked ID with aliases. Because with linked IDs, we can use more storage on skydrive and can set up e-mail backup system etc. Linked ID is a great and unique feature Hotmail is offering and that should not be removed unless not technically feasible for Hotmail.
@sumitmehta : Yes, I somewhat agree with your reasoning but you are seeing only one perspective. Linked IDs are not only for hotmail. It is for all Windows Live services (for eg. Skydrive). Now, even if alias facility is given (as requested by you) even then if a person has two (or more) skydrives, he can use Linked IDs for his convenience. Had it been only for hotmail, I would have definitely been in agreement with you, but it is not like that.
Windows Live team also made mistake on this point when they turned off Linked IDs. They thought that with new features in hotmail Linked IDs are redundant but that is not so. (Above reasoning should have been kept in mind by them)
Although, I agree that the facility to convert Old IDs into aliases should be given but not at the expense of Linked IDs feature.
@sumitmehta : Yes, I somewhat agree with your reasoning but you are seeing only one perspective. Linked IDs are only for hotmail. It is for all Windows Live services (for eg. Skydrive). Now, even if alias facility is given (as requested by you) even then if a person has two (or more) skydrives, he can use Linked IDs for his convenience. Had it been only for hotmail, I would have definitely been in agreement with you, but it is not like that.
@trulyindian I think Hotmail introduced Linked ID feature to enable users to check e-mails of different accounts by single login. People keep different email accounts for many reasons and I agree that everyone of us has different preferences for organising their e-mails, may be in different accounts or in differennt folders. But with the introduction of latest hotmail features like sweep and other filtering options, one can easily achieve the same objectitve by using existing email addresses as Aliases to primary hotmail account without even moving to other Linked ID accounts.
Thank you!
Now any chance of using a Hotmail account AND a Live@edu Outlook web app based account without needing to log out and back in?
@ sumitmehta : I do not agree with your view. Even if they enable creation of existing e-mail addreses as alias LINKED IDs must be there. This is an excellent feature whose fuctionality is not limited to persons just having two (or more) email ac/s. Aliases are separate thing and Linked IDs are separate. They complement each other and do not bring down the importance of other feature.
@7flavor : Yes, we should be thankful to them.But they had actually taken away that feature from us (as is wriiten in this blog post) and now they have listened to feedback and have broght back that feature. It still raises some hopes that MS listens to feedback (But only after a backlash by users and too only sometime).
I totally agree that we should be able to *merge* accounts and use aliases in WLM. However it's not true that "whenever I reply to an e-mail my main address is shown". It doesn't have to be your MAIN address. You can just right-click on your account in WLM and type any of aliasses in "E-mail address" field.
I totally agreed sumitmehta's opinion, "it should enable creation of existing e-mail addreses as alias. Then there is not need to have Linked ID feature."
@ sumitmehta +1
Let me tell you how important Linked IDs are to me. Without this feature, I will no longer be using Hotmail. I guess we should thank you for not taking away a feature from us.
@Eric Doerr I have two - three existing hotmail email addresses. They are linked using Linked ID feature. If hotmail really wants to promote Aliases and plus addresses, in my opinion, it should enable creation of existing e-mail addreses as alias. Then there is not need to have Linked ID feature.
@eric: Really many thanks for enabling Linked IDs again. Thanks for listening to our feedback. This is, infact, one of the most wonderful and feature of Win Live IDs. And is very simple to use. Thanks again for re-enabling. Hope you will listen to feedback in other matter also. Thanks again.
@ alimaggs : I completely agree with you. It is the best feature.
@ Cosmin : I agree that MS should ask before removing useful feature. I dont know why they tend to remove Excellent feature first for introducing sub standard features.
I do still use my linked id's so this is a welcome move.
That said:
1) I'm still missing the possibility to send e-mail from my aliases using e-mail clients (WLM, Outlook 2010, and, I guess, my future Windows Phone). Using my e-mail mainly through clients this nearly defeats the purpose of all the aliases I've created, since whenever I reply to an e-mail my main address is shown.
2) What many really want (need) is the ability to either "merge different ID's" or "change my live-id / hotmail address independently". Many of your old customers created their primary ID long time ago, when hotmail was a simple e-mail service, but would not like to use that crappy old name as their ID (or viceversa). I've thought many times to kill it all and start from scratch, but I just don't want to lose all my skydrive files, albums, friends, etc. People with a non-hotmail Windows Live ID can change it, why not us?
Maybe Microsoft should learn to ask first and eventually remove useful features after.
Thank you! I use this on a regular basis to manage multiple email accounts and Live IDs, and Linked IDs are by far the best way for me to this, so I appreciate this being switched back on.


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The following website, including all webpages, links, images and videos, display sexually explicit material.
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Rocco Siffredi, Donna Bell and Bailey D from "Puppet Master #10"
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Freshour to seek election for top prosecutor's post
- Last Updated on 04:58 PM 04/23/13
- BY The Gazette-Virginian
Michael Freshour, a veteran prosecutor, announced Tuesday he will seek election to the position of Halifax County Commonwealth's Attorney in November.
Freshour has served in the position since August 2012, when he was sworn in to fill the vacancy created after former Commonwealth's Attorney Kimberly S. White was appointed a circuit court judge.
Prior to becoming commonwealth's attorney, Freshour started his career as a prosecutor serving as the Project Exile Prosecutor for one year, before serving as the deputy commonwealth's attorney for seven years.
Freshour said Tuesday his campaign will emphasize his proven experience as a prosecutor.
"Understanding what is required to prove each case—how to build a case and then prove it beyond a reasonable doubt—requires experience and dedication. I have that required combination and have been successfully prosecuting cases in each of the courts of Halifax County for the last nine years.
"Having the experience to successfully prosecute a case accentuates the efforts of law enforcement, brings criminals to justice and helps protect the community. I am proud of my work as a prosecutor, and I am seeking election this November in order to continue to serve Halifax County as commonwealth's attorney."
A resident of Halifax County since 2000, Freshour was an associate with the Law Offices of W. W. Bennett and served as an assistant public defender.
Freshour is a graduate of the University of Virginia and Oklahoma City University School of Law. He and his wife, Melissa Fraser, along with their four children, reside in South Boston.


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Message Board
Jeanette Winterson Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Winterson has written!
Author Winterson's Book Reviews
Oranges are Not the Only Fruit
This novel tells the story of a young girl's coming of age. Jeanette is an orphan who is adopted into a strict religious family. During the process of being trained to become a missionary, she falls in love with another woman. The interesting thing about Oranges is that the main story is interrupted by several metaphorical fairy tales. This thought-provoking story traces Jeanette's struggles between her mother, her Christian community, and her sexual pre...
The Passion
Henri is a simple farm boy who has joined the army during the napoleonic wars. He gets a job as a cook and eventually becomes the personal chef to his idol, Napoleon. However, Henri experiences combat during Napoleon's brutal russian campgain. It is in Russia that Henri meets Villenelle, a young woman from Venice with webbed feet, whose husband sold her to the french army as a prositute. He also meets Partick, an priest excommunicated for watching young ...


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Lake Baikal
|Lake Baikal
|Siberia, Russia
|53°30′N 108°0′E / 53.500°N 108.000°ECoordinates: 53°30′N 108°0′E / 53.500°N 108.000°E
|Lake type
|Continental rift lake
|Primary inflows
|Selenge, Barguzin, Upper Angara
|Primary outflows
|Catchment area
|560,000 km2 (216,000 sq mi)
|Basin countries
|Russia and Mongolia
|Max. length
|636 km (395 mi)
|Max. width
|79 km (49 mi)
|Surface area
|31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)[1]
|Average depth
|744.4 m (2,442 ft)[1]
|Max. depth
|1,642 m (5,387 ft)[1]
|Water volume
|23,615.39 km3 (5,700 cu mi)[1]
|Residence time
|330 years[2]
|Shore length1
|2,100 km (1,300 mi)
|Surface elevation
|455.5 m (1,494 ft)
|27 (Olkhon)
|1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Lake Baikal (Russian: о́зеро Байка́л, tr. Ozero Baykal, IPA: [ˈozʲɪrə bɐjˈkal]; Buryat: Байгал нуур, Mongolian: Байгал нуур, Baygal nuur, meaning "nature lake";[3]) is a rift lake in the south of the Russian region of Siberia, between the Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
Lake Baikal is the freshwater lake with greatest volume in the world, containing roughly 20% of the world's unfrozen surface fresh water,[4][5] and at 1,642 m (5,387 ft),[1] the deepest.[6] It is also among the clearest[7] of all lakes, and thought to be the world's oldest lake[8] at 25 million years.[9] It is the seventh-largest lake in the world by surface area.
Like Lake Tanganyika, Lake Baikal was formed as an ancient rift valley, having the typical long crescent shape with a surface area of 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi). Baikal is home to more than 1,700 species of plants and animals, two-thirds of which can be found nowhere else in the world[10] and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.[11] It is also home to Buryat tribes who reside on the eastern side of Lake Baikal,[12][13] rearing goats, camels, cattle, and sheep,[13] where the regional mean average temperatures vary from a minimum of −19°C (−2°F) in winter to maximum of 14°C (57°F) in summer.[14] However, as these are mean temperatures, winter nights can be considerably colder and summer days can be considerably hotter.
Geography and hydrography[edit]
Lake Baikal is in a rift valley, created by the Baikal Rift Zone, where the Earth's crust pulls apart.[5] At 636 km (395 mi) long and 79 km (49 mi) wide, Lake Baikal has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in Asia, at 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi), and is the deepest lake in the world at 1,642 m (5,387 ft). The bottom of the lake is 1,186.5 m (3,893 ft) below sea level, but below this lies some 7 km (4.3 mi) of sediment, placing the rift floor some 8–11 km (5.0–6.8 mi) below the surface: the deepest continental rift on Earth.[5] In geological terms, the rift is young and active—it widens about two cm per year. The fault zone is also seismically active; there are hot springs in the area and notable earthquakes every few years. The lake is divided into three basins: North, Central, and South, with depths of about 900 m (3,000 ft), 1,600 m (5,200 ft), and 1,400 m (4,600 ft), respectively. Fault-controlled accommodation zones rising to depths of about 300 m (980 ft) separate the basins. The North and Central basins are separated by Academician Ridge while the area around the Selenga Delta and the Buguldeika Saddle separates the Central and South basins. The lake drains into the Angara tributary of the Yenisei. Notable landforms include Cape Ryty on Baikal's northwest coast.
Baikal's age is estimated at 25–30 million years, making it one of the most ancient lakes in geological history.[citation needed] It is unique among large, high-latitude lakes, in that its sediments have not been scoured by overriding continental ice sheets. U.S. and Russian studies of core sediment in the 1990s provide a detailed record of climatic variation over the past 250,000 years. Longer and deeper sediment cores are expected in the near future. Lake Baikal is furthermore the only confined freshwater lake in which direct and indirect evidence of gas hydrates exists.[15][16][17]
The lake is completely surrounded by mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga are technically protected as a national park. It contains 27 islands; the largest, Olkhon, is 72 km (45 mi) long and is the third-largest lake-bound island in the world. The lake is fed by as many as 330 inflowing rivers.[4] The main ones draining directly into Baikal are the Selenga River, the Barguzin River, the Upper Angara River, the Turka River, the Sarma River, and the Snezhnaya River. It is drained through a single outlet, the Angara River.
Despite its great depth, the lake's waters are well-mixed and well-oxygenated throughout the water column, compared to the stratification that occurs in such bodies of water as Lake Tanganyika and the Black Sea.
Lake Baikal as seen from the OrbView-2 satellite
Delta of the Selenga River, Baikal's main tributary
Wildlife and vegetation[edit]
Lake Baikal is rich in biodiversity. It hosts 1,085 species of plants and 1,550 species and varieties of animals.[citation needed] More than 80% of the animals are endemic (found only at Lake Baikal). Epischura baikalensis is endemic to Lake Baikal and the dominating zooplankton species there, making up 80 to 90% of total biomass.[18] The Baikal seal or nerpa (Pusa sibirica) is found throughout Lake Baikal.[19] It is one of only three entirely freshwater seal populations in the world, the other two being subspecies of ringed seal. Perhaps the most important local species is the omul (Coregonus autumnalis migratorius), a smallish endemic salmonid. It is caught, smoked and then sold widely in markets around the lake.
Of particular note are the two species of golomyanka or Baikal oil fish (Comephorus baicalensis and C. dybowskii). These long-finned, translucent fish normally live in depths of 200–500 m (650–1,600 ft) and are the primary prey of the Baikal seal, representing the largest fish biomass in the lake. The Baikal grayling (Thymallus arcticus baicalensis), a fast-swimming salmonid, popular among anglers, and the Baikal sturgeon (Acipenser baerri baicalensis), are both important endemic species with commercial value. The lake also hosts rich endemic fauna of invertebrates. Among them turbellarian worms, snails, and amphipod crustaceans are particularly diverse.
The watershed of Lake Baikal has numerous flora species represented. The marsh thistle, Cirsium palustre, is found here at the eastern limit of its geographic range.[20]
The Baikal area has a long history of human habitation. An early known tribe in the area was the Kurykans, forefathers of two ethnic groups: the Buryats and Yakuts.
Lake Baikal was situated in the northern territory of the Xiongnu confederation, and was a site of the Han–Xiongnu War, where the armies of the Han dynasty pursued and defeated the Xiongnu forces from the second century BC to the first century AD. They recorded that the lake was a "huge sea" (hanhai) and designated it the North Sea (Běihǎi) of the semimythical Four Seas.[21] The Kurykans, a Siberian tribe who inhabited the area in the sixth century, gave it a name that translates to "much water". Later on, it was called "natural lake" (Baygal nuur) by the Buryats and "rich lake" (Bay göl) by the Yakuts.[22] Little was known to Europeans about the lake until Russia expanded into the area in the 17th century. The first Russian explorer to reach Lake Baikal was Kurbat Ivanov in 1643.[23]
Russian expansion into the Buryat area around Lake Baikal[24] in 1628–1658 was part of the Russian conquest of Siberia. It was done first by following the Angara River upstream from Yeniseysk (founded 1619) and later by moving south from the Lena River. Russians first heard of the Buryats in 1609 at Tomsk. According to folktales related a century after the fact, in 1623, Demid Pyanda, who may have been the first Russian to reach the Lena, crossed from the upper Lena to the Angara and arrived at Yeniseysk.[25] Vikhor Savin (1624) and Maksim Perfilyev (1626 and 1627–1628) explored Tungus country on the lower Angara. To the west, Krasnoyarsk on the upper Yenisei was founded in 1627. There were a number of ill-documented expeditions eastward from Krasnoyarsk. In 1628, Pyotr Beketov first encountered a group of Buryats and collected yasak from them at the future site of Bratsk. In 1629, Yakov Khripunov set off from Tomsk to find a rumored silver mine. His men soon began plundering both Russians and natives. They were joined by another band of rioters from Krasnoyarsk, but left the Buryat country when they ran short of food. This made it difficult for other Russians to enter the area. In 1631, Maksim Perfilyev built an ostrog at Bratsk. The pacification was moderately successful, but in 1634, Bratsk was destroyed and its garrison killed. In 1635, Bratsk was restored by a punitive expedition under Radukovskii. In 1638, it was besieged unsuccessfully.
In 1638, Perfilyev crossed from the Angara over the Ilim portage to the Lena River and went downstream as far as Olyokminsk. Returning, he sailed up the Vitim River into the area east of Lake Baikal (1640) where he heard reports of the Amur country. In 1641, Verkholensk was founded on the upper Lena. In 1643, Kurbat Ivanov went further up the Lena and became the first Russian to see Lake Baikal and Olkhon Island. Half his party under Skorokhodov remained on the lake, reached the Upper Angara at its northern tip and wintered on the Barguzin River on the northeast side. In 1644, Ivan Pokhabov went up the Angara to Baikal, becoming perhaps the first Russian to use this route which is difficult because of the rapids. He crossed the lake and explored the lower Selenge River. About 1647, he repeated the trip, obtained guides and visited a 'Tsetsen Khan' near Ulan Bator. In 1648, Ivan Galkin built an ostrog on the Barguzin River which became a center for eastward expansion. In 1652, Vasily Kolesnikov reported from Barguzin that one could reach the Amur country by following the Selenga, Uda, and Khilok Rivers to the future sites of Chita and Nerchinsk. In 1653, Pyotr Beketov took Kolesnikov's route to Lake Irgen west of Chita, and that winter his man Urasov founded Nerchinsk. Next spring, he tried to occupy Nerchensk, but was forced by his men to join Stephanov on the Amur. Nerchinsk was destroyed by the local Tungus, but restored in 1658.
The Trans-Siberian Railway was built between 1896 and 1902. Construction of the scenic railway around the southwestern end of Lake Baikal required 200 bridges and 33 tunnels. Until its completion, a train ferry transported railcars across the lake from Port Baikal to Mysovaya for a number of years. At times during winter freezes, the lake could be crossed on foot—though at risk of frostbite and deadly hypothermia from the cold wind moving unobstructed across flat expanses of ice. In the winter of 1920, the Great Siberian Ice March occurred, when the retreating White Russian Army crossed frozen Lake Baikal. The wind on the exposed lake was so cold, many people died, freezing in place until spring thaw. Beginning in 1956, the impounding of the Irkutsk Dam on the Angara River raised the level of the lake by 1.4 m (4.6 ft).[26]
As the railway was built, a large hydrogeographical expedition headed by F.K. Drizhenko produced the first detailed contour map of the lake bed.[8]
Several organizations are carrying out natural research projects on Lake Baikal. Most of them are governmental or associated with governmental organizations. The Baikal Research Centre is an independent research organization carrying out environmental educational and research projects at Lake Baikal.[28]
In July 2008, Russia sent two small submersibles, Mir-1 and Mir-2, to descend 1,592 m (5,223 ft) to the bottom of Lake Baikal to conduct geological and biological tests on its unique ecosystem. Although originally reported as being successful, they did not set a world record for the deepest freshwater dive, reaching a depth of only 1,580 m (5,180 ft).[29] That record is currently held by Anatoly Sagalevich, at 1,637 m (5,371 ft) (also in Lake Baikal aboard a Pisces submersible in 1990).[29][30] Russian scientist and federal politician, Artur Chilingarov, the leader of the mission, took part in the Mir dives[31] as did Russian leader Vladimir Putin.
Since 1993, neutrino research has been conducted at the Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (BDUNT). The Baikal Neutrino Telescope NT-200 is being deployed in Lake Baikal, 3.6 km (2.2 mi) from shore at a depth of 1.1 km (0.68 mi). It consists of 192 optical modules (OMs).[32]
The lake, nicknamed "the Pearl of Siberia", drew investors from the tourist industry as energy revenues sparked an economic boom.[33] Viktor Grigorov's Grand Baikal in Irkutsk is one of the investors, who planned to build three hotels, creating 570 jobs. In 2007, the Russian government declared the Baikal region a special economic zone. A popular resort in Listvyanka is home to the seven-story Hotel Mayak. At the northern part of the lake, Baikalplan (a German NGO) built together with Russians in 2009 the Frolikha Adventure Coastline Track, a 100-kilometer (62 mi)-long long-distance trail as example for a sustainable development of the region. Baikal was also declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996. Rosatom plans to build a laboratory in Baikal, in conjunction with an international uranium plant and to invest $2.5 billion in the region and create 2,000 jobs in the city of Angarsk.[33]
|Tourism industry on Lake Baikal
Environmental concerns[edit]
Baykalsk Pulp and Paper Mill[edit]
The Baykalsk Pulp and Paper Mill was constructed in 1966, directly on the shoreline, bleaching paper with chlorine and discharging waste into Baikal. After decades of protest, the plant was closed in November 2008 due to unprofitability.[34][35] In March 2009, the plant owner announced the paper mill would never reopen.[36] However, on 4 January 2010, the production was resumed. On 13 January 2010, Vladimir Putin introduced changes in the legislation legalising the operation of the mill, which brought about a wave of protests of ecologists and local residents.[37] This was based on Putin's visual verification from a minisubmarine, "I could see with my own eyes — and scientists can confirm — Baikal is in good condition and there is practically no pollution".[38] In September 2013, the mill underwent a final bankruptcy, with the last 800 workers slated to lose their jobs by 28 December 2013.[39]
Planned East Siberia-Pacific Ocean oil pipeline[edit]
Russian oil pipelines state company Transneft[40] was planning to build a trunk pipeline that would have come within 800 meters (2,600 ft) of the lake shore in a zone of substantial seismic activity. Environmental activists in Russia,[41] Greenpeace, Baikal pipeline opposition[42] and local citizens[43] were strongly opposed to these plans, due to the possibility of an accidental oil spill that might cause significant damage to the environment. According to the Transneft's president, numerous meetings with citizens near the lake were held in towns along the route, especially in Irkutsk.[44] However, it was not until Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered the company to consider an alternative route 40 kilometers (25 mi) to the north to avoid such ecological risks that Transneft agreed to alter its plans.[45] Transneft has since decided to move the pipeline away from Lake Baikal, so that it will not pass through any federal or republic natural reserves.[46][47] Work began on the pipeline, two days after President Putin agreed to changing the route away from Lake Baikal.[48]
Proposed nuclear plant[edit]
In 2006, the Russian government announced plans to build the world's first International Uranium Enrichment Centre at an existing nuclear facility in Angarsk, 95 km (59 mi) from the lake's shores. However, critics and environmentalists argue it would be a disaster for the region and are urging the government to reconsider.[49]
After enrichment, only 10% of the uranium-derived radioactive material would be exported to international customers,[49] leaving 90% in the Lake Baikal region for storage. Uranium tailings contain radioactive and toxic materials, which if improperly stored, are potentially dangerous to humans and can contaminate rivers and lakes.[49]
Historical traditions[edit]
The first European to reach the lake is said to be Kurbat Ivanov in 1643.[50]
In the past, the Baikal was referred to by many Russians as the "Baikal Sea" (Russian: Море Байкал, More Baikal), rather than merely "Lake Baikal" (Russian: Озеро Байкал, Ozero Baikal).[51] This usage is attested already on the late-17th century maps by Semyon Remezov.[52] To this day, the strait between the western shore of the Lake and the Olkhon Island is called Maloye More (Малое Море), i.e. "the Little Sea".
Lake Baikal is nicknamed "Older sister of Sister Lakes (Lake Khövsgöl and Lake Baikal)".[citation needed]
According to 19th-century traveler T. W. Atkinson, locals in the Lake Baikal Region had the tradition that Christ visited the area:
The people have a tradition in connection with this region which they implicitly believe. They say "that Christ visited this part of Asia and ascended this summit, whence he looked down on all the region around. After blessing the country to the northward, he turned towards the south, and looking across the Baikal, he waved his hand, exclaiming 'Beyond this there is nothing.'" Thus they account for the sterility of Daouria, where it is said "no corn will grow."[53]
Lake Baikal has been celebrated in several Russian folk songs. Two of these songs are well known in Russia and its neighboring countries, such as Japan.
- The Glorious Sea – Sacred Baikal (in Russian: Славное Mope, Священный Байкал) is about a katorga fugitive. The lyrics as documented and edited in the 19th century by Dmitriy P. Davydov (1811–1888).[54] See "Barguzin River" for sample lyrics.
- The Wanderer (in Russian: Бродяга) is about a convict who had escaped from jail and was attempting to return home from Transbaikal.[55] The lyrics were collected and edited in the 20th century by Ivan Kondratyev.
The latter song was a secondary theme song for the Soviet Union's second color film, Ballad of Siberia (in Russian: Сказание о земле Сибирской).
Shamanka, or Shaman's Rock on Olkhon Island: Burkhan, a cult figure of the Altai peoples, lives in a cave in this rock.
Icebound shore of Baikal in early April, at Listvyanka
Baikal omul at market
The Olkhon Island ferry
Origin of the Angara River at Lake Baikal
- ^ a b c d e "A new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal. MORPHOMETRIC DATA. INTAS Project 99-1669.Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Consolidated Research Group on Marine Geosciences (CRG-MG), University of Barcelona, Spain; Limnological Institute of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; State Science Research Navigation-Hydrographic Institute of the Ministry of Defense, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation". Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ^ M.A. Grachev. "On the present state of the ecological system of lake Baikal". Lymnological Institute, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ^ Altangerel Damdinsuren, English to Mongolian Dictionary (1998) Silverland: A Winter Journey Beyond the Urals, London, John Murray, page 173
- ^ a b "Lake Baikal: the great blue eye of Siberia". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ a b c "The Oddities of Lake Baikal". Alaska Science Forum. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Deepest Lake in the World". geology.com. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ Jung, J.; Hojnowski, C., Jenkins, H., Ortiz, A., Brinkley, C., Cadish, L., Evans, A., Kissinger, P., Ordal, L., Osipova, S., Smith, A., Vredeveld, B., Hodge, T., Kohler, S., Rodenhouse, N. and Moore, M. (2004). "Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Lake Baikal and its relationship to body size" (PDF). In Smirnov, A.I.; Izmest'eva, L.R. Ecosystems and Natural Resources of Mountain Regions. Proceedings of the first international symposium on Lake Baikal: The current state of the surface and underground hydrosphere in mountainous areas. "Nauka", Novosibirsk, Russia. pp. 131–140. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^ a b Fact Sheet: Lake Baikal — A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies, July 1993 (accessed 4 December 2007)
- ^ "Lake Baikal – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Russia". Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2007.
- ^ "Lake Baikal — World Heritage Site". World Heritage. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
- ^ M. Hammer and T. Karafet (1995). "DNA & the peopling of Siberia". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^ a b S. Hudgins (2003). The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East (PDF). Texas A&M University Press. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^ Fefelov, I.; Tupitsyn, I. (August 2004). "Waders of the Selenga delta, Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia" (PDF). Wader Study Group Bulletin 104: 66–78. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^ M.I. Kuzmin et al. (1998). First find of gas hydrates in sediments of Lake Baikal. Doklady Adademii Nauk, 362: 541–543 (in Russian).
- ^ M. Vanneste, M. De Batist, A. Golmshtok, A. Kremlev & W. Versteeg (2001). "Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia". Marine Geology 172 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00117-1.
- ^ P. Van Rensbergen, M. De Batist, J. Klerkx, R. Hus, J. Poort, M. Vanneste, N. Granin, O. Khlystov & P. Krinitsky (2002). "Sublacustrine mud volcanoes and methane seeps caused by dissociation of gas hydrates in Lake Baikal". Geology 30 (7): 631–634. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0631:SMVAMS>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ "Зоопланктон в экосистеме озера Байкал / О Байкале.ру — Байкал. Научно и популярно". Baikal.mobi. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ Peter Saundry. 2010. Baikal seal. Encyclopedia of Earth. Topic ed. C. Michael Hogan, Ed. in chief C. NCSE, Washington D.C.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg
- ^ Chang, Chun-shu (2007). The Rise of the Chinese Empire: Nation, State, and Imperialism in Early China, ca. 1600 B.C.-A.D. 8. University of Michigan Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-472-11533-4.
- ^ Lincoln, W. Bruce (2007). The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians. Cornell University Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-8014-8922-8.
- ^ "Research of the Baikal". Irkutsk.org. 18 January 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ George V. Lantzeff and Richard A. Price, 'Eastward to Empire',1973
- ^ "Открытие Русскими Средней И Восточной Сибири" (in Russian). Randewy.ru. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station History". Irkutskenergo. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ "Lake Baikal". Global Great Lakes. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Байкальский исследовательский центр (Baikal Research Centre; in Russian). www.baikal-research.org
- ^ a b "Russians in landmark Baikal dive". BBC News. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
- ^ Gallant, Jeffrey (29 July 2008) Russian submersible dives in Lake Baikal do not establish new freshwater depth record at the Wayback Machine (archived September 22, 2008). DivingAlmanac.com
- ^ PA News (19 July 2008). "Submarines to plumb deepest lake".
- ^ "Baikal Lake Neutrino Telescope". Baikalweb. 6 January 2005. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
- ^ a b Tom Esslemont (7 September 2007). ""Pearl of Siberia" draws investors". BBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ Tom Parfitt in Moscow (12 November 2008). "Russia Water Pollution". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Sacred Land Film Project, Lake Baikal". Sacredland.org. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Economic crisis saves Lake Baikal from pollution". Russiatoday.com. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ Clifford J. Levy (11 September 2010). "Russia Uses Microsoft to Suppress Dissent". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ "Russians Debate Fate Of Lake: Jobs Or Environment?". Npr.org. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ Tide of discontent sweeps through Russia's struggling 'rust belt' – NBC News. Worldnews.nbcnews.com (30 November 2013). Retrieved on 15 May 2014.
- ^ "Transneft". Transneft. Archived from Transneft the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "Baikal Environmental Wave". Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "Baikal pipeline". Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "The Right to Know: Irkutsk Citizens Want to be Consulted". Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Тема: (ENWL) Власти Иркутской обл. выступили против прокладки нефтепровода к Тихому океану". Retrieved 3 August 2007.
- ^ "Putin orders oil pipeline shifted". BBC News. 26 April 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "Transneft charged with Siberia-Pacific pipeline construction". BizTorg.ru. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "New route". Transneft Press Center. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "Work starts on Russian pipeline". BBC News. 28 April 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ a b c "Saving the Sacred Sea: Russian nuclear plant threatens ancient lake". Newint.org. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ Raymond H. Fisher, The Voyage of Semon Dezhnev, The Haklyut Society, 1981, p. 246 ISBN 0904180123
- ^ Tooke, William (1800). View of the Russian empire during the reign of Catharine the Second, and to the close of the eighteenth century. Printed by A. Strahan, for T. N. Longman and O. Rees. p. 203.
- ^ L. Bagrov (1964). International Society for the History of Cartography, ed. Imago mundi 1. Brill Archive. p. 115.
- ^ T. W. Atkinson (1861). Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor. Hurst and Blackett. p. 385.
- ^ "The Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal". Karaoke.ru. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ «По диким степям Забайкалья», Русланова Лидия. karaoke.ru (Russian)
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Baikal.
|Lake Baikal
|Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
|vii, viii, ix, x
|UNESCO region
|Inscription history
|1996 (22nd Session)
|Find more about Lake Baikal at Wikipedia's sister projects
|Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
|Media from Commons
|Quotations from Wikiquote
|Source texts from Wikisource
|Textbooks from Wikibooks
|Learning resources from Wikiversity
- Lake Baikal Information
- Baikal Club International (magazine about lake baikal, maps, photos, videos and stories)
- Lake Baikal
- Biosphere reserves of Russia
- Extreme points of Earth
- Freshwater ecoregions
- Geography of Irkutsk Oblast
- Geography of the Republic of Buryatia
- Lakes of Russia
- Landforms of Siberia
- Natural history of Siberia
- Rift lakes
- Visitor attractions in Irkutsk Oblast
- Visitor attractions in the Republic of Buryatia
- World Heritage Sites in Russia


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Limited Edition Collection Preview
Ten select pieces of Dungeons & Dragons and Magic: the Gathering art will go on sale in early fall of 2005 with 250 artist signed and numbered canvases and 1,000 artist signed and numbered prints for each selection. Available exclusively via online sale through wizards.com, prices will range from approximately fifty to three hundred dollars each.
The D&D art pieces include:
The art pieces will be available in two different forms:
Make sure that you act fast. There are only 1,000 limited edition prints and 250 limited edition canvasses. The prints are sequentially numbered and signed by the artists; the canvasses are hand-signed and also hand-numbered.


text:
Robert W. Wood, Contributor
I focus on taxes and litigation.
To many of us, beach reading means trashy novels. If you're high-minded perhaps it means classics or beefy historical biographies. But I'll bet no one delights in reading the IRS's Statistics of Income Bulletin.
Even so, this IRS compendium of facts and figures about tax filings—abbreviated SOI—could impact your behavior if you venture into its dry pages. Before you leave the beach for the last time, here's the latest Summer 2011 SOI Bulletin from the IRS. One notable fact from the SOI relates to our old friend the sole proprietorship. It's the simplest way of conducting business.
There's no business entity and only one owner (though husband and wife filing jointly count as one). Despite its simplicity, I can't figure out why so many people still file that way. After all, it makes the tax return so terribly tempting to audit!
According to the SOI, for 2009, nearly 22.7 million individual income tax returns (nonfarm sole proprietorships) reported total profits of $244.8 billion on a Schedule C. That's the place on a Form 1040 for business conducted by a proprietor. These are only income statistics, but if you also look at IRS audit rates, it suggests doing it some other way.
Tax advisers have long known that Schedule C is one of the most likely types of returns (or parts of returns) to be audited. This proprietorship schedule is for a business you operate yourself that is not in a legal entity (such as a corporation, LLC or partnership). Common proprietorships are little enterprises run from your garage, on the internet, or on weekends, even though the bulk of your income may come from wages from your regular job. Still, a Schedule C could be a huge business making millions.
Schedule C is also the primary place you claim expenses from your proprietorship business. It's the primary way the IRS can audit a "hobby" activity you claim is a business but the IRS claims is not. This issue comes up a lot and the numbers can be big.
Example: If you have$1,500 of income from your "race car business" and $138,000 in expenses, it should go on your Schedule C. Your chances of audit with a Schedule C go up, and with this kind of Schedule C especially. Be particularly wary if you have several years of losses in a row.
See also:
Ten Ways To Audit Proof Your Tax Return
The ABCs of Hobby Losses and Profit Motive
When Taxpayers Go Fishing For Deductions
Hobby or Business: IRS Scrutinizes Brothel-Hopping
10 Tips For Deducting Your 'Hobby'
Business or Hobby? Answer Has Implications for DeductionsRobert W. Wood practices law with Wood LLP, in San Francisco. The author of more than 30 books, including Taxation of Damage Awards & Settlement Payments (4th Ed. 2009, Tax Institute), he can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. This discussion is not intended as legal advice, and cannot be relied upon for any purpose without the services of a qualified professional.
Putting aside that I'm not supposed to give advice based on audit probability, the thing that I wonder about this is say hypothetically a Schedule C return is more like to be audited than a Schedule E return. There is still some chance the individual return will be audited. Then there is also the chance that the entity return will be audited. So you can't just compare the chances of a 1040 with and without a Sched C being audited. The comparison would be a 1040 without a sched C plus the chance that the entity gets audited.
OK, but then what should we use as an alternative to schedule C? Without that information, this article seems pretty worthless.
Also, I can see where someone trying to cheat the government (and, hence, the rest of us) by claiming their hobby is a business might not be able to get away with it so easily via schedule C. But what about a legitimate sole proprietorship that makes a profit and reports it on schedule C without any fancy attempts to evade taxes?


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With a couple of inches of snow on the ground Friday morning and 2 more inches expected by early Saturday, many Treasure Valley residents got their fill of snow.
Which is probably a good thing, since precipitation through the rest of the weekend is expected to be rain.
Water contributed mightily to the winter morning mayhem Friday when a water line broke near the West ParkCenter bridge, flooding the roadway and fouling the northbound commute for many area residents.
The water line was repaired Friday, but restoring the pavement will take until Monday or later, the Ada County Highway District said. Northbound ParkCenter Boulevard will remain closed at the bridge until repairs are completed, which could take a few days. Traffic is being diverted west on Beacon Street to Broadway Avenue and then north to Park Boulevard.
The break is at the base of the bridge near the intersection of Park Boulevard, Clearwater Lane and Front Street.
Only an inch or two of snow covered the ground in Boise on Friday morning, but it was enough to close Boises and Meridians public school systems. Many other schools also shuttered for the day.
The thickest accumulation was reported about 5 miles northwest of Boise, where a weather spotter measured 2.4 inches, National Weather Service meteorologist David Groenert said. The most reported in Canyon County was an inch and a half northwest of Caldwell, he said.
On Ada County roads, the first half of Friday was slick and hazardous. The Ada County Sheriffs Office reported that between midnight and 1:30 p.m. there were three slide-offs, 17 non-injury crashes, one injury crash and eight hit-and-runs on county roads.
Fewer problems were reported in Canyon County. The Canyon County Sheriffs Office didnt keep a tally of such incidents, but a dispatcher estimated that there were five slide-offs or accidents, none involving injuries, since midnight on county roads.
Temperatures warmed to 35 degrees Friday afternoon, and a warming trend will continue over the next few days, with expected highs in the upper 30s or low 40s Saturday through Tuesday. After some snow early Saturday, rain is expected to dominate the weather Saturday night and Sunday, with a lessening chance of precipitation as the week continues.
Kristin Rodine: 377-6447


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Get everything in writing from the office.
The financial aid office is great and always willing to explain the process to students.
Reed is on a completely need-based financial aid system, so you won't get merit-based scholarships for good academic performance (because most everyone was a high achiever) or athletics (ha!). The college covers 100% of the difference between what you can afford to pay and what it costs, usually with the standard amounts of federal loans, federal grants, federal work-study, and institutional grants in that order.. What you can afford is calculated by FAFSA and the CSS PROFILE forms. The main complaint is that amount might be a little higher than what people think they can *actually* afford, but usually not drastically so. If you think they have horribly miscalculated or not taken certain circumstances into consideration (or if your family circumstances change i.e. a parent gets laid off), you can appeal for more aid. It's a pretty fair and straightforward system, and the financial aid office staff are accessible and very easy to work with.
Only Need-Based – Reed doesn't offer merit-based scholarships, so if you (or your family) can pay your way, then you will. However, ALL financial need is met according to the financial aid office and I have personally found that to be a true claim.
Fin Aid – I had lots of success at Reed securing good finicial aid. I feel that they are very accomdating and try to help students as much as possible
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Large national groups are great for generating publicity for an issue, backing a campaign with great financial support, and influencing federal legislation. But they can't beat smaller, local groups for taking action on local issues, organizing local events, and reaching people one on one.
How to Write Effective Letters
Letters are a very effective tool for reaching the public, your legislators, and companies. Here are instructions for three types of letters used in animal rights campaigns:
Animal Rights and Racism
Racism should have no part in the animal protection movement, but since racism so thoroughly permeates our society, it does sometimes rear its ugly head. When is an animal protection campaign racist, and how can we avoid racism in animal rights campaigns?
Protests and Demonstrations
How to organize and publicize protests and demonstations.
How to Testify at Public Hearings
The thought of testifying in front of a local, state or federal government body may seem intimidating, but it's empowering and not difficult.
What are a Boycott, a Buycott and a Secondary Boycott?
Boycotts, buycotts and secondary boycotts are common tactics that use economic buying power to send a message and influence their targets.
What is a Single-Issue Campaign?
In the animal rights movement, what is a single issue campaign? Why are they controversial, and how are they different from vegan education?
Sex and Sexism in the Animal Rights Movement - What's Wrong with Sexism in...
Sex and Sexism in the Animal Rights Movement - What's Wrong with Sexism in the Animal Rights Movement?
What Does Occupy Wall Street Have to Do With Animal Rights?
What does Occupy Wall Street have to do with animal rights, and what is Occupy Wall Street anyway? Do they even have a clear message?
Starting Your Own Group
You may find that there isn't a local animal rights group that addresses the issue you are concerned about, so you'd like to start your own. Congratulations! Here are some tips for getting your group off the ground.
Grassroots Lobbying
Grassroots Lobbying 101 - This page will explain what grassroots lobbying is, why you should do it, and how to do it.
Civil Disobedience - What is Civil Disobedience?
Civil Disobedience - What is Civil Disobedience?
Horn Honking, Free Speech, and the First Amendment
Is horn honking considered protected speech under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution? Do free speech rights include horn honking?


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