text:
The Patch community includes nine sites in Iowa. Here are some of what was shared on our Iowa Patches over the past week.
The presidential campaign began in earnest in Iowa this week with President Obama's visit to the University of Iowa in Iowa City. to prevent a federal student-loan rate increase; a couple dozen protestors outside the event . On Tuesday, for a fundraiser and to thank volunteers for their efforts.
A Wisconsin teacher, Shannon Cardinal, 43, was arrested on multiple charges for an . If convicted, Cardinal faces up to 186 years in prison. The charges include six counts of sexual assault and six counts of child enticement.
More than 100 with planned budget cuts at the University of Northern Iowa by attending a Thursday Iowa Board of Regents meeting on the UNI campus in Cedar Falls. Many of the protesters were connected to Malcolm Price Laboratory School, which is slated for closure, or cuts in faculty positions.
In Waukee crime news, , according to authorities. Olcott, 26, reportedly had inappropriate contact with a 14-year-old girl.
West Des Moines readers joined with the friends and family of in mourning his death. At his funeral Tuesday, the 14-year-old was described as having a "big heart" who radiated "life and love."
VEISHA celebrations in Ames were marred by the accidental death of a man who fell from a fourth-story balcony. , was visiting Ames and died in a fall at Chamberlain Lofts, an office and apartment complex in Campustown just a block from Iowa State property.
Ankeny readers are split for their favorite photographer as our Readers' Choice contest wraps up. The voting is nearly a tie between Kampens Creations Photography and Ashes Photography.
Readers have been keeping two Urbandale animal experts busy with questions about their pets. They Patch Pros have tackled questions on how to calm dogs with anxiety problems, those who jump up on visitors, and canines who eat poop.
Johnston kids and parents will turn out Monday for a in honor of Karen Coaldrake, a school board member who died in 2008. The proceeds from the event at Okoboji Grill will assist youths who want to play soccer.


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NewsJune 08 2012
Swimming lessons begin June 11 at Presho Pool
Posted by Lucy
Temperatures in the high eighties Monday afternoon had kids lining up in front of the Presho City Pool waiting for the clock to strike 2:00 and the doors to open. Red Cross swimming lessons will start Monday June 11.
- Reminiscing at school reunions
- New Lutheran pastor arrives in Presho.
- Lyman and Presho alumni meet this weekend
- School board welcomes new superintendent
- Celebrating Independence, Statehood Vivian style
- Wheat Growers ready to build when rail rehab is announced
- Scavenger's journey to Presho for a bargain
- Wheat Growers hosting patron meetings concerning future expansion
- Lyman School Board Results
- Purple & gold: the colors of KHS
- VBS, a summer tradition
- Lyman records broke at State B Track meet

subset: commoncrawl


text: NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. A PURCHASE WILL NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING.Sweepstakes starts 1/14/14 at 12:00:00 a.m. EST, ends 2/14/14 at 11:59:59 p.m. EST. Open to legal residents of and currently residing within the 50 U.S and D.C., 18 years of age or older at time of entry. Void where prohibited. Three (3) Prizes : Scotties Product for a Year Package. ARV: $12.00 each. Odds of winning depend upon the number of eligible entries received. Go to a www.scottiestreesrock.com for Official Rules, which govern, prize details and how to enter. Sponsor: Irving Tissue Corporation.


text:
Anderson 2012 Nanotek -10 Fastpitch Bat
Anderson 2012 Nanotek -10 Fastpitch Bat
Name: Anderson 2012 Nanotek -10 Fastpitch Bat
NanoTek® FP -10 Fastpitch Softball Bat
Anderson NanoTek® Technology
The Anderson NanoTek™ bat is the equivalent-performance alternative to the extended break-in period and compromised durability of today's composite bats. By way of the Anderson LaunchPad™, the NanoTek™ product line-up offers superior performance right out of the wrapper without sacrificing the durability one would expect from a premium high-performance product.
The NanoTek™ product line is the first to include the Anderson LaunchPad™. The LaunchPad™ features the largest, most explosive, effective hitting area you will find on any bat anywhere in the game today.
The Anderson LaunchPad™ technology is the result of a great design idea that languished on the drawing board for more than a decade, and was finally made possible through a nano-materials breakthrough. The patent pending Anderson LaunchPad™ is an integral blend of complex nano-metallic and aluminum alloys that are molecularly bonded to create a barrel structure resulting in a single metal wall. The patented LaunchPad™ combination of materials has more strength and delivers more pop and more distance than any solo material or combination ever tried.
By elastically strengthening just the hitting area, and efficiently relocating the design captured weight right behind the ball, the LaunchPad™ is allowed to flex in unison with the underlying aluminum shell. The NanoTek™ has the strongest, most forgiving, and yet the most reactive barrel in the game…with no break-in period required.
The NanoTek™ bat is a working example of Anderson's position in the light vs. heavy bat debate. The highly reactive Anderson LaunchPad™ concept allows considerable design latitude with respect to the balance and feel of the bat. In reality, weight is not the only issue that needs to be addressed when choosing an effective piece of hitting equipment. If you swing a heavier bat at the same speed you swing a lighter bat, then you will hit a ball farther. The NanoTek™ metal makes it possible to swing a heavier bat at a greater velocity with less effort. Faster bat speed plus heavier bat equals superior performance… guaranteed!
Every feature of The NanoTek™ is designed to provide every hitter the ultimate in performance. The Ergonomic Knob, the toughened True-Flex™ End Cap, the Taper-Flex Contour, and the Anderson LaunchPad™ are synergistic components designed to improve performance by distributing the movable weight where it will do the most good -- directly behind the ball at contact.
* Two Piece: Nanotek Barrel with Composite Handle
* Approved for ASA, NSA, USSSA, ISA


text:
Rhinoplasty Before and After – Nose Job Pictures and Video
Juicystar07 got a NOSE JOB! Before/After pictures+video!
Uploaded on Jun 12, 2010
Juicystar07 CONFESSES to not liking her nose- Side by side pictures, video of before and after! You can't deny it.
Bottom line- she is conveying the message that you are only good enough if you change yourself to fit a certain look. She is a beauty guru who makes videos teaching thousands of viewers how to use beauty products to enhance their looks. She has a lot of influence on her subscribers. When she films a new makeup tutorial, people try it. When she promotes a product, it sells. Most of her viewers are very young. Getting a nose job is sending the message that beauty is found in perfection, when that is NOT reality. Plastic surgery will never solve the emotional problem of insecurity.
She's not even 18 yet. The person I was at 18 compared to who I am now are two COMPLETELY different people. A few years makes a big difference.
This wouldn't have bothered me at all if:
1) She was older, and made her OWN decision about it, not a joint decision. (her sister got one done at the SAME time)
2) If she told us. Not telling us about it just puts more distrust between her and her fans, and she's becoming less and less connected to us than when she first started as a young innocent southern girl doing makeup videos for fun.
To everyone calling me a hater:
I'm not. I watch every video she puts up, and I love what she does. This video's purpose is to put the truth out- that's it. If it's offensive to tell the truth, then sorry. Sometimes the truth hurts.
To everyone saying "I have no right to expose/tell people/share this about Blair:
Best Beverly Hills Rhinoplasty Surgeons – You're wrong. I have every right to- just as much right as anybody else. Have you ever watched the news? Read a magazine? It happens everyday.


text:
The Daily Iowegian
---- — Harold "Gene" Fowler, 75, of Centerville, passed away Tuesday, May 7, 2013 at Centerville Nursing and Rehab Center in Centerville. He was born the son of Harold W. and Margaret (Matheson) Fowler on May 28, 1937 in Centerville. He graduated from the Centerville High School.
Gene was united in marriage to Marie Wilson. They were later divorced. He worked for at short time while living in Des Moines, however at the age of 25, he was in an accident that left him disabled.
He was preceded in death by his parents; a son, Patrick Fowler; and a sister, Elaine Fowler.
Gene is survived by his sons, Michael and John Fowler, both living on the East coast; sister, Joan Wagner-Roby and her husband, John of Mystic; and a brother, Jerry Fowler and his wife, Kathy of Oskaloosa.
Graveside funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. on Friday, May 10 at the Oakland Cemetery in Centerville with Tim Dawson officiating. Burial will follow. Visitation will be held from 9 a.m. until the time of services at the cemetery at the Schmidt Family Funeral Home in Centerville.
Memorials may be made to the O'Briant Group Home and left or mailed to the funeral home.
The Schmidt Family Funeral Home in Centerville has been entrusted with the arrangements and condolences can be sent at: schmidtfamilyfuneralhome.com.


text:
|Tracker Home | Help | Share | OSP Home |
Download Tracker 4.86 installer for: Windows Mac OS X Linux 32-bit Linux 64-bit
Physics teachers: Have you developed a good Tracker activity?
Why not share it with the comPADRE Digital Library community? Click here to learn more.
Tracker is a free video analysis and modeling tool built on the Open Source Physics (OSP) Java framework. It is designed to be used in physics education.
Tracker video modeling is a powerful new way to combine videos with computer modeling. For more information see Particle Model Help or AAPT Summer Meeting posters Video Modeling (2008) and Video Modeling with Tracker (2009).
Tracker requires Java 1.6 or higher. Tracker also supports QuickTime 7 (Windows/Mac only).
To install Tracker, download and run the appropriate installer using the links at the top of the page. For help see Installer Help.
Supported languages: english, arabic, czech, spanish, finnish, french, italian, danish, german, greek, hebrew, indonesian, simplified chinese, traditional chinese, korean, portuguese, slovak, slovenian, swedish. Interested in translating to another language? Please contact .
If you're new to Tracker, see Help Getting Started for a step-by step beginner's guide. For general help, use the built-in help files in Tracker, the online help in english or slovenščina, or the downloadable pdf help files in english, español, italiano or portuguese.
You can Web Start Tracker without installing it but you will be restricted to opening still images and animated GIFs unless you have Xuggle or QuickTime installed. (Note: Open Source Physics is an "UNKNOWN publisher" to the Java WebStart system and you will be warned of potential security risks which you must formally accept before you can run Tracker. Rest assured Tracker is not malicious and you can safely accept the risk--but be aware the entire WebStart system may be abandoned in the future due to these security issues...)
You can run Tracker from a USB drive without installing it on the host computer. Download Tracker-USB.zip and unzip onto the USB drive. The extracted Tracker-X.XX folder contains the files tracker.jar, tracker_starter.jar and .tracker.prefs. Double-click tracker_starter.jar (not tracker.jar) to launch Tracker. You will be restricted to opening still images and animated GIFs unless you have Xuggle or QuickTime installed.
Tracker has been independently tested by Softpedia and found to be 100% clean.
Data generation and analysis:
Digital Library resources:
The Tracker installer includes some videos. Use the following links to download these additional collections:


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Recession Pushing Even Credit-Worthy Borrowers Over the Edge
A new report shows home loans souring at an alarming rate.
For some time, bankers have been struggling with rising delinquencies on exotic mortgage products made to borrowers with checkered credit histories. But now—as the recession continues to erode the labor market—a growing number of borrowers with solid credit histories are falling behind on their mortgages as well, which is pushing foreclosure and delinquency rates to alarming levels.
The Mortgage Bankers Association's most recent National Delinquency Survey, released Thursday, included sobering figures. The seasonally adjusted delinquency rate for mortgages was 9.12 percent of all loans at the end of the first quarter, an increase of 2.77 percentage points from a year earlier and an all-time high. At the same time, 3.85 percent of all mortgages were in the foreclosure process, which is a 1.38 percentage point jump from the same period in the previous year. "Both the foreclosure inventory percentage and the quarter- to- quarter increase are record highs," according to the MBA report.
From the MBA:
"The Mortgage Bankers Association's first- quarter mortgage delinquency report was the worst of the housing recession so far and offers little room for optimism about the house price outlook," economists at Nomura wrote in a report.
But what's particularly troubling is just where these problems are coming from. Check out what Jay Brinkmann, MBA's chief economist, had to say about the figures in a statement included in the news release:
What has changed is the shifting of the problem somewhat away from the subprime and option ARM/Alt-A loans to the prime fixed-rate loans. The foreclosure rate on prime fixed-rate loans has doubled in the last year, and, for the first time since the rapid growth of subprime lending, prime fixed-rate loans now represent the largest share of new foreclosures. In addition, almost half of the overall increase in foreclosure starts we saw in the first quarter was due to the increase in prime fixed-rate loans. More than anything else, this points to the impact of the recession and drops in employment on mortgage defaults.
In essence, the report shows that the recession—and the higher job losses that have come with it—is playing an increasingly profound role in the rise of mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures. "Long ago, I predicted that the mortgage delinquency and foreclosure problems would migrate up the mortgage food chain—from subprime to Alt-A to prime," Mike Larson of Weiss Research said in a report. "There is abundant evidence that this process is underway. Indeed, the delinquency rate on "cream of the crop" loans...prime fixed rate mortgages...has more than doubled in the past two years to a record-high 4.68 percent."
Given this dynamic, it will be tough for mortgage delinquencies rates to come back to earth until companies start hiring again. And when can we expect that to occur? "MBA's forecast, a view now shared by the Federal Reserve and others, is that the unemployment rate will not hit its peak until mid-2010," Brinkmann said. "Since changes in mortgage performance lag changes in the level of employment, it is unlikely we will see much of an improvement until after that."
From the MBA:


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West Fargo Pioneer
Thursday Afternoon/Evening Forecast Discussion
West Fargo School District hires technology specialists
Medical club prepares students for future
News Digest (July 30)
Wednesday Afternoon/Evening Forecast Discussion
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A familiar ring: West Fargo Stockyards, a piece of city's history, still going strong
Building Permits (July 30)
Business Digest (July 30)
Toppers Car Club gives $5K to ND veterans support fund
Travel scam hitting the area again, BBB warns
Letter: Stenehjem's response to crime is inadequate
Letter: Rep. Cramer, showing up for votes is part of job
Alderman: Read contracts carefully before signing
Chief's Corner: West Fargo Night to Unite coming up
Taylor: New leadership for new realities By Ryan M. Taylor Last week, a faulty pipeline released one million gallons of saltwater – a brine up to 30 times saltier than sea water – down a ravine heading towards Lake Sakakawea. There is an investigation g
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Red River Valley Fair 4-H horse show results
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June 4, 2013
Academic News (June 5, 2013)
Students receive MSUM scholarships Heather Brasel, West Fargo, has received a $500 Upper Class Scholarship from Minnesota State University Moorhead, while Amy Matzke, West Fargo, has received a $1000 Upper Class Scholarship from Minnesota State University Moorhead. Brasel is the...
news / education
June 4, 2013 - 3:48pm
March 26, 2013
Snow piles slowly disappearing
City trucks piled high with mounds of snow have been prevalent the past several weeks traveling West Fargo streets on a mission to clear up some of the excessive piles that have been stacked high in the middle of several cul-de-sacs as the direct result of street clean-up. Manning...
March 26, 2013 - 2:47pm
Special day set aside Friday to honor Vietnam veterans
West Fargo VFW Post 7564 is setting aside Friday, March 29, as a special day to honor Vietnam Veterans. The doors will open at 1 p.m. in acknowledgment of Vietnam Veterans Day, with registration from 1 to 6 p.m. in the lower level of the clubrooms at 308 Sheyenne Street. Complimentary...
March 26, 2013 - 12:55pm
January 29, 2013
Board to advertise for '54th Street' school bids
With an anticipated 320 new students coming to West Fargo elementary schools this fall, the West Fargo School Board elected to make changes that can potentially ease the process. In Monday's meeting, the board unanimously authorized the administration to advertise for bids for the...
news / education
January 29, 2013 - 11:21am
January 28, 2013
West Fargo storage unit fire gives firefighters a scare
WEST FARGO - A storage unit fire late Sunday afternoon damaged one vehicle and rattled the nerves of some West Fargo firefighters. West Fargo...
January 28, 2013 - 10:53am
January 23, 2013
West Fargo man gets 30 days for lighting girlfriend's porch on fire
FARGO - Bruce Risberg is going to jail on Monday, and he and his longtime girlfriend - whose porch he was charged with lighting on fire - have nothing but good things to say about it. "My case turned out awesome," said the West Fargo man after his sentencing Tuesday in Cass County...
January 23, 2013 - 9:17am
WF Commission discusses F-M diversion options
In Monday's meeting, the West Fargo City Commission reviewed their options as they relate to the Fargo Moorhead Diversion Project, which were laid out by City Administrator Jim Brownlee. The commissioners decided to continue monitoring the process, and did not vote on the topic. "I...
January 23, 2013 - 12:00am
Hunter Hayes will perform at Red River Valley Fair
The Red River Valley Fair announces the Country Music Association's 2012 best new artist Hunter Hayes to perform on Friday, July 12, 2013. Hunter Hayes works at his craft virtually every waking hour. In his world, there are no days off. There are no hobbies or outside interests....
January 23, 2013 - 12:00am
Southwest border mission continues in new location for N.D. Guard
After spending most of 2012 assisting the U.S. Customs and Border Protection on the southwest border of the United States, members of the North Dakota Army National Guard remain on mission but in a new location for 2013. Soldiers with the 1st Battalion, 112th Aviation Regiment (Security...
January 23, 2013 - 12:00am
Legislative Report District 13: 2013 legislative session underway
The 63rd legislative session began on January 8 and will last a maximum of 80 days, which means an end date of May 1. During that time, approximately 1000 bills will be heard, studied and will have votes in the Senate or House. The Senate can introduce bills until January 28, but...
January 23, 2013 - 12:00am
Law enforcement agencies gearing up for increased seat belt mobilization
The Fargo Police Department is gearing up to conduct an increased seat belt enforcement campaign starting Friday, Jan. 11, through Saturday, Jan. 19, as part of the statewide Click-It or Ticket efforts. According to the NDDOT 2011 statistics, 148 people died on North Dakota roads....
January 23, 2013 - 12:00am
January 22, 2013
Fifth West Fargo high schooler dies
WEST FARGO - Another West Fargo High School student, the fifth in a little more than a month, died Monday. Ryan McLeod was 17 years old. A West Fargo school district official said McLeod suffered from ongoing health issues. A prayer service is scheduled for 6 p.m. Thursday at West...
community / news
January 22, 2013 - 10:28pm
January 16, 2013
Fargo Rotary honors top 4-H clubs
Nine Cass County 4-H clubs were recently recognized by the Fargo Rotary Club as being the top clubs in the county for 2012, for the outstanding leadership they provide for youth to have a meaningful club experience. All clubs of excellence were honored at a Rotary Luncheon on Jan....
January 16, 2013 - 12:00am
Trinity share's plans with WF city leaders
Trinity, the company that purchased DMI last fall, has recently shared their plans for their plant in West Fargo with city officials. They will be building products for the energy services industry. Specifically in West Fargo that means storage vessels for products such as propane,...
January 16, 2013 - 12:00am
West Fargo legislative forums set
Through a joint sponsorship between the Fargo Moorhead West Fargo Chamber of Commerce, the City of West Fargo and West Fargo Public Schools, three community legislative forums have been set for Saturday, Feb. 2, Saturday, March 9, and Saturday, April 6. Legislative representatives...
January 16, 2013 - 12:00am
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A circle rolls around the outside edge of a square so that its circumference always touches the edge of the square. Can you describe the locus of the centre of the circle?
Triangles are formed by joining the vertices of a skeletal cube. How many different types of triangle are there? How many triangles altogether?
A cylindrical helix is just a spiral on a cylinder, like an ordinary spring or the thread on a bolt. If I turn a left-handed helix over (top to bottom) does it become a right handed helix?
Draw some isosceles triangles with an area of $9$cm$^2$ and a vertex at (20,20). If all the vertices must have whole number coordinates, how many is it possible to draw?
Here is a solitaire type environment for you to experiment with. Which targets can you reach?
ABCDEFGH is a 3 by 3 by 3 cube. Point P is 1/3 along AB (that is AP
: PB = 1 : 2), point Q is 1/3 along GH and point R is 1/3 along ED.
What is the area of the triangle PQR?
Seven small rectangular pictures have one inch wide frames. The
frames are removed and the pictures are fitted together like a
jigsaw to make a rectangle of length 12 inches. Find the dimensions
of. . . .
You can move the 4 pieces of the jigsaw and fit them into both
outlines. Explain what has happened to the missing one unit of
Three circles have a maximum of six intersections with each other.
What is the maximum number of intersections that a hundred circles
could have?
Can you maximise the area available to a grazing goat?
A rectangular field has two posts with a ring on top of each post.
There are two quarrelsome goats and plenty of ropes which you can
tie to their collars. How can you secure them so they can't. . . .
A spider is sitting in the middle of one of the smallest walls in a
room and a fly is resting beside the window. What is the shortest
distance the spider would have to crawl to catch the fly?
If you have only 40 metres of fencing available, what is the maximum area of land you can fence off?
The opposite vertices of a square have coordinates (a,b) and (c,d). What are the coordinates of the other vertices?
What is the shape of wrapping paper that you would need to completely wrap this model?
Euler discussed whether or not it was possible to stroll around Koenigsberg crossing each of its seven bridges exactly once. Experiment with different numbers of islands and bridges.
A package contains a set of resources designed to develop pupils'
mathematical thinking. This package places a particular emphasis on
"visualising" and is designed to meet the needs. . . .
Triangle numbers can be represented by a triangular array of
squares. What do you notice about the sum of identical triangle
Bilbo goes on an adventure, before arriving back home. Using the
information given about his journey, can you work out where Bilbo
Can you mark 4 points on a flat surface so that there are only two
different distances between them?
Imagine you are suspending a cube from one vertex (corner) and
allowing it to hang freely. Now imagine you are lowering it into
water until it is exactly half submerged. What shape does the
surface. . . .
A bus route has a total duration of 40 minutes. Every 10 minutes,
two buses set out, one from each end. How many buses will one bus
meet on its way from one end to the other end?
Points P, Q, R and S each divide the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively in the ratio of 2 : 1. Join the points. What is the area of the parallelogram PQRS in relation to the original rectangle?
In a right angled triangular field, three animals are tethered to posts at the midpoint of each side. Each rope is just long enough to allow the animal to reach two adjacent vertices. Only one animal. . . .
Is it possible to remove ten unit cubes from a 3 by 3 by 3 cube made from 27 unit cubes so that the surface area of the remaining solid is the same as the surface area of the original 3 by 3 by 3. . . .
ABCD is a regular tetrahedron and the points P, Q, R and S are the midpoints of the edges AB, BD, CD and CA. Prove that PQRS is a square.
Slide the pieces to move Khun Phaen past all the guards into the position on the right from which he can escape to freedom.
Can you dissect a square into: 4, 7, 10, 13... other squares? 6, 9,
12, 15... other squares? 8, 11, 14... other squares?
These are pictures of the sea defences at New Brighton. Can you
work out what a basic shape might be in both images of the sea wall
and work out a way they might fit together?
Start with a large square, join the midpoints of its sides, you'll see four right angled triangles. Remove these triangles, a second square is left. Repeat the operation. What happens?
The whole set of tiles is used to make a square. This has a green and blue border. There are no green or blue tiles anywhere in the square except on this border. How many tiles are there in the set?
Lyndon Baker describes how the Mobius strip and Euler's law can
introduce pupils to the idea of topology.
A 3x3x3 cube may be reduced to unit cubes in six saw cuts. If after
every cut you can rearrange the pieces before cutting straight
through, can you do it in fewer?
A huge wheel is rolling past your window. What do you see?
How could Penny, Tom and Matthew work out how many chocolates there
are in different sized boxes?
How many moves does it take to swap over some red and blue frogs? Do you have a method?
In the game of Noughts and Crosses there are 8 distinct winning
lines. How many distinct winning lines are there in a game played
on a 3 by 3 by 3 board, with 27 cells?
When dice land edge-up, we usually roll again. But what if we
A useful visualising exercise which offers opportunities for
discussion and generalising, and which could be used for thinking
about the formulae needed for generating the results on a
Can you mentally fit the 7 SOMA pieces together to make a cube? Can
you do it in more than one way?
A game for 2 players. Can be played online. One player has 1 red
counter, the other has 4 blue. The red counter needs to reach the
other side, and the blue needs to trap the red.
Every day at noon a boat leaves Le Havre for New York while another
boat leaves New York for Le Havre. The ocean crossing takes seven
days. How many boats will each boat cross during their journey?
Can you find a way of representing these arrangements of balls?
It is possible to dissect any square into smaller squares. What is
the minimum number of squares a 13 by 13 square can be dissected
A and B are two interlocking cogwheels having p teeth and q teeth respectively. One tooth on B is painted red. Find the values of p and q for which the red tooth on B contacts every gap on the. . . .
Draw all the possible distinct triangles on a 4 x 4 dotty grid.
Convince me that you have all possible triangles.
What would be the smallest number of moves needed to move a Knight
from a chess set from one corner to the opposite corner of a 99 by
99 square board?
A 2 by 3 rectangle contains 8 squares and a 3 by 4 rectangle
contains 20 squares. What size rectangle(s) contain(s) exactly 100
squares? Can you find them all?
Mathematics is the study of patterns. Studying pattern is an
opportunity to observe, hypothesise, experiment, discover and
A right-angled isosceles triangle is rotated about the centre point
of a square. What can you say about the area of the part of the
square covered by the triangle as it rotates?


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Download this form in Word
Instructions: During the conduct of an approved project it may become necessary to modify or deviate from the approved protocol. Such changes must be communicated to the IACUC for approval prior to the implementation of the change by use of the Request for Modification of an Approved Protocol Using Animal Subjects (see form, below).
The form must be typed. Please answer each question using as much additional space as necessary.
|Name of Principal Investigator:
|Title of Project as Approved:
|IACUC Number Assigned:
|Signature of Principal Investigator and Date:


text:
From staff reports
Traverse City Record-Eagle
---- — Traverse City West wrestler Vincent Priante went 3-0 at 103 pounds to take first and broke the school record for career technical falls with his 22nd along the way at Saturday's Sparta Invitational.
The Titans also had four other placers at the meet. James Peck went 2-1 at 215 pounds to take third, Corey Johanssen went 2-2 to take fourth at 112, Tanner Yanski was 2-1 at 171 to place fifth and Jonah Jasmin went 2-2 at 125 to place sixth.
West hosts its final Big North matches of the season on Wednesday when Petoskey and Alpena travel to Traverse City.
Elliott gets 100th career pin
Matthew Elliott, Landon Elliott, Tyler Leffingwell and Brandon Ames all went 5-0 for the Forest Area wrestling team at the Mancelona Invitational.
Matthew Elliott, wrestling at 135 pounds, recorded his 100th career pin on the day. Landon Elliott was wrestling at 119 pounds Leffingwell was at 130 pounds and Ames was at 171 pounds. Other competitors for the Warriors were Chris Schelske, who went 3-2 at 160 pounds, and Reese Velfling, who went 2-3 at 285.
TC Central 6
Macomb Dakota 2
Traverse City Central went 4-for-7 on the power play, scoring all three goals in the second period with the extra skater as the Trojans topped Macomb Dakota 6-2 at the North vs. South Showcase.
Rhys Adle had two power play goals on the day, the second tying the game 2-2 in the second period. Parker Hebden and Alex Oliver, who scored twice and had an assist, followed with power play goals in the second, putting the Trojans ahead 4-2. Cam Givens had the other Central goal and also had an assist. Hebden contributed four assists, Derek Schrank chipped in with three assists.
Jack Boyce made 21 saves in goal for the Trojans (8-6-1), who travel to Petoskey on Wednesday.
Utica Eisenhower 5
Bay Reps 1
Utica Eisenhower scored four goals in the first period and cruised to a 5-1 victory over the Bay Reps in the North vs. South Showcase at Centre ICE.
The teams traded goals in the third, with Andrew Dzierwa netting the Reps goal, with an assist to Chase Joppich.
Jay Jones made 25 saves for the Reps (4-12), who are at Cheboygan on Wednesday.
GIRLS hoops
Manistee 49
Gladwin 28
Manistee held Gladwin to single-digit scoring in three of four quarters as the Chippewas defeated Gladwin 49-28.
Emily Kott had 12 points, six rebounds and seven assists for Manistee (8-0), which led 14-11 after one quarter, but limited Gladwin to eight points of less in the other three periods.
Annie Fuller added 11 points, Emma Burns grabbed a team-best seven boards and Olivia Vandeboncouer had four steals. Skyler Howard had nine points to lead Gladwin.
The Chippewas are at Traverse City West on Monday.
— compiled by Chris Dobrowolski


text:
BY MATT TROUTMAN email@example.com
Traverse City Record-Eagle
---- — MANCELONA — A search is underway for two suspects who broke into Mancelona Middle School and stole food from its kitchen.
Antrim County authorities said the suspects entered the school Tuesday at 10:40 p.m. through the art room at the west side of the building. One used a multi-colored foil mask to cover his face while the other concealed his identity with two pieces of newspaper.
"They're believed to be school-aged males," said Sheriff Dan Bean.
Both suspects spent several minutes in the kitchen before entering the cafeteria. An employee working late inside the school came across one of the suspects.
"They both scattered at that point," Bean said.
The suspect who was wearing the foil mask — which is believed to be an art department project — left the building through a side door with food items he took from the kitchen. He is described as having a small, heavy build, dark hair, dark blue t-shirt with a red logo on the front and wearing tennis shoes.
The suspect who used the newspaper is described as taller than the other suspect and having a slight build, curly blonde hair, no shirt, jeans with a white belt, white tennis shoes and wearing a yellow bandana around his neck.
Both seemed familiar with the school, but authorities don't know if they are high school or middle school students.
Members of the public with information on the case may call the Antrim County Sheriff's Department at 231-533-8627 extension 1.


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JTS Torah Commentary
Parashat Va-Yigash 5766
Genesis 44:18–47:27
January 7, 2006 7 Tevet 5766
This week's commentary was written by Rabbi Barry Starr, Rabbi of Temple Israel in Sharon, Massachusetts
"Take with you words," says the Prophet Hoshea, "and return to the Lord" (Hoshea 14:2). This exhortation suggests to some the importance of words to a people steeped in the oral tradition and the learning that comes from books. Thus it is not unthinkable that the use of particular words would be significant for us in understanding not only passages of Torah but subtle human motivations inherent in those passages as well.
Our parashah begins with the words, "Judah approached [va–yigash] Joseph" (Genesis 44:18). Clearly this phrase, given the subsequent conversation that the two of them had, would be superfluous. Of course, he approached. They certainly did not shout at each other from a distance! In fact, this word and variant forms of it appear quite often in the story of Jacob, and the generation preceding and following him. The word appears no less than six times alone in the story of Jacob's taking the blessing from Esau. Here in our parashah, Judah approaches Joseph with the intention of understanding just why this prince of Egypt seems to be treating his family with such malevolence. The Gere Rebbi, the S'fat Emet, suggests that Judah, not knowing that Joseph was his long–lost brother, nonetheless sensed a secret deep in the heart of Joseph, a secret that needed to be revealed. Judah's approach was filled with trepidation and anxiety as he sought just the means to draw out the secret in Joseph's heart. If va–yigash here is indicative of this trepidation, so perhaps its frequent use in regards to this family is the Torah's way of suggesting that in Jacob and his family we are witnessing people who have trouble approaching each other. Because of anxiety, lack of trust, or fear, the characters surrounding Jacob are always reluctant to approach. They must be asked or are asking others to do the same. Somehow, for these people, coming near emotionally, spiritually, even physically, is troublesome.
A midrash in B'reishit Rabbah (93:6) reminds us that "approaching" is a very complicated action both physically and spiritually. One may approach another with varied intentions; in fact, with multiple intentions. The Midrash suggests that "approaching" can be in a spirit of contentiousness, in a spirit of contrition, or even in a spirit of tefillah, which I will translate here as soulful closeness. Only the individual knows what the true intention is. One wonders which, or indeed how many, of these complex intentions were in the heart of Judah as he approached Joseph. Though approaching another may be difficult and anxiety provoking, it is necessary for serious human relationships to flourish. Jacob and his family may be no different from us in finding the act of closeness something fraught with danger.
Our society is obsessed with "personal space." We protect that space and shut others out. We even find ourselves in lawsuits for violating another's space. Litigiousness aside, I do understand the need for protection and I realize full well that in certain cases the invasion of one's space can have disastrous results. Too often, however, personal space becomes merely a metaphor for the individual's reluctance to approach another with sincerity and closeness. We live in a world of handshakes, not hugs. Ever vigilant to protect ourselves, we end up making it impossible for others to "get in" and we refuse to even try to approach our fellow human beings. Yet embracing another human being, let alone someone in our own family, is more than just a physical act. Embracing another means to help that person explore the depth of his or her soul; it means to reach out for intimacy of thought and purpose. If we cannot approach, we certainly cannot expect to feel any closeness with others.
Jacob wrestled with what he thought was a man. Only later did he learn that this figure was indeed an angel. Following this incident, and I would argue only following this event, could Jacob embrace his brother Esau and tell him that in his face he saw "the face of God" (Genesis 33:10). In reality, what Jacob learned from his struggle was the important lesson that embracing a human being is embracing God. Jacob emerged from this moment shaleym (whole and complete), says the Torah. In fact, human completeness only comes from the realization of the truth of embrace that Jacob learned in his struggle with God. Only by embracing human beings physically and emotionally can we begin to see the Almighty in our world. Only by approaching others willingly, openly, and enthusiastically can we make the connections that are necessary to a world that needs caring and love. We can only see the face of God if are willing to reach out to the heart and soul of other human beings.
Yet Jacob emerges from the struggle with God wounded. A willingness to seek closeness is not without its own dangers. We can be deeply hurt by others when we do approach. Those who face that danger by never being close end up suffering wounds far deeper than the dislocation of the hip suffered by Jacob. They suffer a dislocation of the spirit, from which they never recover. To struggle for closeness means to open one's self up to being hurt.
Judah's approach to Joseph did the trick and Joseph was finally ready to reveal his secret. How sad then that even at this moment of revelation and sincere joy, Joseph had to beckon his brothers, "Come near to me!" (Genesis 45:4). There's that word again! Joseph is now no longer afraid of the approach of his brothers. He is ready to unveil his secret truth and reunite with the family he has not seen for so long. The brothers are still suspicious though. How difficult it is in a world of handshakes to truly embrace.
Let us strive to create a world of embrace. We can overcome the injury. The reward is greater than the pain. And in those with whom we find closeness, we will see the Almighty, face to face.
Shabbat shalom,
Rabbi Barry Starr


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Playing guitar can be a passion; building one can become an obsession.
Justin Giuffre, 35, of East Taylor Township, has been a musician nearly all of his life. But it wasn't until seven years ago that he wanted to become a professional guitar builder.
"I've grown up playing music," he said. "I have played in bands since my early teens."
Giuffre plays upright bass with the Whiskey River Panhandlers, an American folk band.
In 2005, Giuffre traveled to Quebec, Canada, to spend four weeks under the tutelage of luthier Sergei DeJonge.
DeJonge has a reputation for building the highest caliber of concert classical guitars for the performing professional.
DeJonge remembers Giuffre as a little more advanced than some students he has taught.
"We get some people who have never picked up a tool in their lives," DeJonge said. "With the help of my daughter and my apprentice, we provide one-on-one instruction throughout the course."
Anyone wanting a DeJonge classical guitar should be prepared to pony up $8,500.
Giuffre earned a certificate in luthiery under DeJonge's guidance.
When not making guitars, Giuffre, who has an associate degree in computer-aided drafting, works for defense contractor
Navmar Applied Sciences Corp. at
1778 Frankstown Road in Johnstown.
He also owns Giuffre Guitars and Luthiery, located at Art Works in Johns-town at 413 Third Ave. in the Cambria City section of Johnstown.
"I build each guitar by myself, but definitely pull inspiration from other builders, musicians and artists," Giuffre said.
He constantly is working toward becoming a successful guitar builder.
"I'm finally getting into the groove of balancing guitar building with my day job," he said.
Giuffre specializes in acoustic guitars.
As a luthier, Giuffre takes special orders to accommodate the various sounds a musician may desire.
"I try to take their idea and do my best to match it," Giuffre said. "Each guitar takes approximately 100 hours to complete."
He prefers to use Indian rosewood, but wood selection depends on the sound a musician is looking for and what aesthetics that musician prefers.
"Every single guitar built is different, even if it is made from the same woods," Giuffrie said. "I have experimented with different shapes, bracing patterns and wood selections."
The building process begins with wood selection for the top, back, sides, neck, fingerboard and accents.
He then sands the raw wood to desired thickness.
"I bend the sides of the guitar by soaking the wood and hand bending it over a hot bending pipe," Giuffrie said.
He then joins the back and top from the book-matched wood and rough cuts the top and back. Rough braces are cut from either pine (top) or mahogany (back).
The back and top of an acoustic guitar have a slight radius to them, so he must shape the bottom of each brace before gluing it in place.
"After the braces are glued in place, I carve them by hand, giving them the contour to help shape the sound of the instrument," Giuffre said.
He then "closes the box," which means bringing the sides, top and back together.
The neck construction starts with a neck "blank" that is either one piece or two. If two, there are several cuts that need to be made for the headstock and heel of the guitar. The fingerboard is cut to the correct thickness and fret slots are pared.
"The fingerboard is married to the neck and the carving begins," Giuffre said.
There are a few measurements crucial to a guitar neck.
After achieving the measurements, Giuffre takes off all the excess wood. After the body/neck joint is routed, the neck is glued and the finishing begins.
"I finish my instruments with French polish, which is a traditional furniture makers' finish," he said.
After finishing, he glues the bridge to the body.
"This is crucial because the bridge dictates the scale of your instrument," Giuffre said. "If the scale of the guitar is off even a fraction of an inch, the guitar will never play in tune."
After some final touches, Giuffre strings it up.
"I hope I gave birth to something someone, somewhere, will create a bond with," he said. "The most difficult part of making a guitar for me is the finishing process," he said.
He often returns to a finished instrument to fine-tune it.
"Usually I have to tweak the rosette around the sound hole because I changed my mind halfway through it," he said.
Of all the guitars Giuffre has made, he has yet to sell any.
"I haven't really pushed it because I'm trying to perfect a couple things," he said. "With any of my stock guitars, anyone is welcome to take them for a spin."
Giuffre describes the sound as a 60-year-old guitar in a new guitar's body.
Other than building guitars, he also repairs them.
He relishes having a studio workshop at Art Works because it gave life to his guitar shop.
"There is great foot traffic and advertising," he said. "The building and its tenants also produce a creative energy and support that is amazing."
Giuffre's major influences are builders such as DeJonge, Jeff Traugott and Kathy Wingert.
"My biggest influences of all are my wife of 12 years, Sonya, my parents and brothers," he said.
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Five Guys Burgers opening in Fremont
We were at Pacific Commons in Fremont today and noticed that a new Five Guys Burgers and Fries is opening soon. No date was posted either at the store or online, but they seemed to be training new staff as we passed by.
For those unfamiliar with the chain, their burgers are larger and more expensive than In N Out burgers, but they do offer a variety of free toppings. (However, comparing In N Out to Five Guys is a bit of an unfair comparison - they seem to be filling different niches in the burger market.) They're good burgers and their fries, I think, are certainly better than In N Out fries. I've only been to Five Guys once, and that was in Indiana. I'm sure others who have frequented the chain more often can give a more adequate description of the restaurant.
Five Guys Burgers and Fries
43810 Christy St, Fremont, CA 94538
I went to a Five Guys in two different college towns fairly recently. They appeal to that demographic. They are different from In-N-Out in that they offer more choices of garnishes and their burgers are larger. They are good quality. I would say that comparing them to In-N-Out is the old apples and oranges comparison; each is good in its own category. Both are recommended and are head and shoulders above the big chains, Mickey D, Burger King, and J-in-the-B.
FWIW: 5 guys doesn't have a hard and fast formula, so each franchise can vary widely from the next. they're not bad (although I think usu. even the smallest option is too freakin' huge) but one on your side of town might very well be better or worse than one on the other.
Five Guys is great. I visited some family back in Virginia last year and ate there a few times. More expensive that In n Out but a way more satisfying meal. The fries are awesome and the decor and all the awards on their walls makes it for a great experience. I remember when I first walked in and I saw free peanuts on the shell and I said "what do peanuts have to do with burgers and fries?" Well, i guess they cook their fries in peanut oil which gives them a unique taste. It was cool to munch on free peanuts while I waited for my order too...They also store their sacks of potatoes in the dining area for all to see. There's a sign by the counter that tells you where the potatoes come from. Pretty old fashioned, unique and cool if you ask me.
In n Out is good but you can't compare with Five Guys. It's like comparing Panda Express with PF Changs. They are both good but...ya know what I mean...
I am looking forward to peanuts, great fries and customized burgers! See you all there.
BTW...I asked and they open this Thursday June 10th...
re: BurgerFella
re: Mission
I'm not going to lie, I enjoy PF Chang's. It's not authentic or complex or "good for foodies" but it still tastes good and is satisfying. It is grossly overpriced, however, as is Panda Express, considering that you can get good authentic Chinese food dirt cheap.
Can't wait to try Five Guys! I'm not expecting the best burger ever, but it looks pretty solid for a fast food joint. In n Out is good, but way overrated. I just read a blog that had it best Shake Shack in NYC by a "score" of 7-0, which is completely inane.
re: Mission
Went to the Grand Opening (no freebies, no specials, just open) Thurs 6/10/10 after work, got there about 4:45pm. It's In Pacific Common shopping center -left side of Old Navy, next to Bassett home furnishing & Premier Pizza.
No line when I went. FREE peanuts in the shells. Order food w/ the Cashier. I wanted a hamburger and found out a Hamburger has 2 patties, so went w/ Little Hamburger which is just 1 patty for $3.69.
FREE Toppings! Pick whatever you want. Or you can do "Everything" or "All The Way" which is all the toppings in Black: Mayo, lettuce, pickles, tomatoes, grilled onions, grilled mushrooms, ketchup, mustard.
Toppings in red: Relish, onion, jalapeno peppers, green peppers, A1 Sauce, bbq sauce, hot sauce you have to request.
Had to wait about 10 min to get my food. One person grills it, then turns around to give it to another person that add the toppings. Takes forever. My Little hamburger was well-done & kinda dry, just ok. I got it w/ mayo, lettuce, pickles, tomato, grilled mushrooms, ketchup & mustard & asked for A1 sauce, bbq sauce, & hot sauce on the side. They put them in little cups w/ lid. My total: $3.69 + .36 tax = $4.05. They take Credit Cards.
Little Hamburger (1 patty) $3.69
Little cheeseburger $4.29
Little bacon burger $4.39
Little bacon cheeseburger $4.99
Hamburger (2 patties) $4.99
cheeseburger $5.69
Bacon burger $5.79
Bacon cheeseburger $6.29
Kosher style hotdog $3.59
cheese dog $3.89
bacon dog $4.29
bacon cheese dog $4.69
Veggie sandwich $2.99
Cheese veggie sandwich $3.69
Grilled cheese $2.99
FREE Refill on Soda from Soda Fountain
Regular $1.89; Lg $1.99
Bottled water $1.99
Five Guys style & Cajun Style
Regular $2.59; Lg $4.59
Cooked in 100% peanut oil
Sign says: 100% Fresh Beef: no fillers, no preservatives, Menu is Trans Fat Free.
Big & roomy dining room, some tables close to the door. Separate bathrooms available. Woman - single toilet w/ sink. No seat covers!
43518 Christy Street
Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: 510-353-1331
Fax: 510-353-1333
Daily: 11am - 10pm
Premier Pizza
43514 Christy St, Fremont, CA 94538
re: hhc
re: hhc
re: mikeh
Don't know mike but the fax menu for the chain includes veggie options. Either they are new or your memory has been destroyed by years of 5 guy burgers and fries.
re: wolfe
re: wolfe
Maybe the generic fax menu has everything possible on it but they allow individual locales to exercise editorial control, but visiting a number of Five Guys in MD, VA, NC, and FL as recently as January, I can tell you proof positive that none of them had veggie (or non-burger) sandwiches on the menu. Burgers, hot dogs, fries.
re: mikeh
Well you missed my branch in Clifton Heights Pa. Maybe veggies are anathema below the Mason Dixon Line.
re: xanadude
Made a slight detour to Five Guys yesterday en route from RWC to Oakland. Turns out, a "veggie sandwich" is a bun with any of the 15 free toppings you'd like. A "cheese veggie sandwich" is the same, plus cheese.
I opted for the latter, with lettuce, tomato, pickles, grilled onions, grilled mushroms, green peppers, mayo, and hot sauce. It was quite tasty. The mayo and hot sauce worked very well together. I think next time I'll leave off the lettuce, and possibly the pickles.
Perhaps more importantly, my wife and kids LOVED their burgers. Mrs. Zen is very particular about the bacon on her burgers. It has to be very very crispy, without any hint of sogginess or greasiness, and this fit the bill perfectly. Everyone spoke highly of the quality of the meat.
The fries were good, but I think I'd gone in with such high expectations that I was bound to be disappointed. They were maybe a bit more limp than I'd hoped. IMO, Nation's does this type of fry a little bit better.
We'll definitely be going back.
re: hhc
re: hhc
So we went to Five Guys yesterday for dinner, and I just wasn't impressed. I ordered the cheeseburger with mayo, mushrooms, grilled onions, tomato, and lettuce. I wasn't a fan of the burger patty itself. The patties were very loose (I prefer my burgers to be a little more compacted) and incredibly greasy. Now I know that burgers are not a low-fat food and I do expect (indeed, enjoy!) a certain amount of grease in a nice juicy burger, but the amount of grease was just too much. It made everything soggy. And further, there was an odd taste to the meat. I couldn't quite put my finger on it, but it was almost like the meat was a little bit off. But perhaps it was just my batch of burgers.
As for the toppings, there was way too much mayo - I should have specified easy on the mayo. There were gobs of mayo pouring out of the burger. The "grilled onions" were not so much grilled... certainly they had been near a heat source of some sort. There was no caramelization. Mushrooms were mediocre - not that much taste, but oh well. Lettuce and tomatoes were fresh.
As for the fries, oh man do they give you a lot of fries. We got a "regular" order (and regular fries, not cajun-style), and they filled the cup with fries, and then proceeded to add more fries to the bag. It was a lot. They use unpeeled potatoes for their fries. But I like my fries crispy, and these were not crispy.
As for the restaurant itself, it's very very loud. The building has high ceilings and has industrial decor, so there's no dampening of sound whatsoever. And they blast classic rock from the speakers. Now I love classic rock, but it was just too loud, even for a fast-food restaurant.
Now I noted previously that to compare In N Out to Five Guys is an unfair comparison (though saying that it's like comparing Panda Express to PF Chang's is also misleading...). Nonetheless I'll state that for my burger cravings, I'll be going to In N Out. I appreciate their simplicity, the way they grill their buns so that the buns aren't soggy, and their carmelized onions. And I do prefer In N Out's fries (extra crispy) to Five Guys's fries.
I suspect that it might be a comparison between Five Guys and a place like Fuddruckers might a better comparison - they two offer the basic burger and then a wide range of free toppings. It's been too long since I've been to Fuddruckers, but given my less than optimal experience at Five Guys with their off burger patty and their substandardly grilled toppings, I think I might even prefer Fuddruckers (at least the Fuddruckers of many years ago when they first established a presence in the area). But still, I prefer In N Out to either Five Guys or Fuddruckers.
re: kcchan
there's been a lot of debate on the mid-atlantic boards how to make best of 5 guys fries, some say snarf them immediately and some say heat (dry) them in the oven at home. and which response is best for which branch you went to.
but yeah given a choice I'd go to In N Out. (sadly not a choice)
re: kcchan
Tough crowd. I like to view In-N-Out and Five Guys as different products instead of substitutes for one another. Five Guys offers you more of the "backyard grill" flavor, whereas In-N-Out relies on the freshness of the ingredients to set the palate. They fill different cravings, in my opinion. A burger is not a burger is not a burger. I might like the way ethiopian cuisine prepares collards better than any other genre, but that doesn't preclude me from craving greens from Memphis Minnie's when that's the mood I want.
Now, I'm not sure I'd ever choose Five Guys over Val's in Hayward, because they are of such similar styles that there's never a craving for one that wouldn't be better satisfied by the other.


text:
Previous: Command hooks, Up: Hook functions
We have seen in the previous section how to associate hooks to command execution, but they are not the whole story. You can also associate hook functions to program interruption, that is, specify functions that should be called every time the execution of a MIX program is stopped due to the presence of a breakpoint, either explicit or conditional. Break hooks take as arguments the line number and memory address at which the break occurred. A simple hook that logs the line and address of the breakpoint could be defined as:
(define break-hook (lambda (line address) (display "Breakpoint encountered at line ") (display line) (display " and address ") (display address) (newline)))
and installed for explicit and conditional breakpoints using
(mix-add-break-hook break-hook) (mix-add-cond-break-hook break-hook)
after that, every time the virtual machine encounters a breakpoint,
break-code shall be evaluated for you1.
[1] You may have
noticed that break hooks can be implemented in terms of command hooks
associated to
mix-run and
mix-next. As a matter of fact,
they are implemented this way: take a look at the file
install_dir/share/mdk/mix-vm-stat.scm if you are curious.


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"The people of this State do not yield their sovereignty to the agencies which serve them. The people, in delegating authority, do not give their public servants the right to decide what is good for the people to know and what is good for them not to know. The people insist on remaining informed so that they may retain control over the instruments they have created." The Ralph M. Brown Act, California Government Code § 54950.
The Brown Act or "Open Meeting Law" is officially known as the Ralph M. Brown Act and is found in the California Government Code § 54950 et seq. 1. The Brown Act was enacted in 1953 to guarantee the public's right to attend and participate in meetings of local legislative bodies, and as a response to growing concerns about local government officials' practice of holding secret meetings that were not in compliance with advance public notice requirements. The Brown Act is pivotal in making public officials accountable for their actions and in allowing the public to participate in the decision making process.
Who is Governed by the Brown Act?
The Brown Act governs local agencies, legislative bodies of local government agencies created by state or federal law and any standing committee of a covered board or legislative body, and governing bodies of non-profit corporations formed by a public agency. Examples of these would be city council, county board of supervisors, special district, school boards, standing committees, and even some types of Home Owners Associations (if they were created by a public entity and constituted as some sort of public district.)
What is a "Meeting?"
A meeting, as defined by the Brown Act, is "any congregation of a majority of the members of a legislative body at the same time and place to hear, discuss or deliberate upon any item that is within the subject matter jurisdiction of the legislative body" (§ 54952.2 (a)). For instance, when the quorum for a Board of Supervisors reaches the number necessary to be a majority (i.e. 5 out of 7), that is considered a meeting under the Brown Act. Also, when the same or a greater number of supervisors are attending a social gathering, for which no meeting notice was given, and they start discussing business under the jurisdiction of their legislative body, that would be considered a meeting that falls under Brown Act regulations.
The key elements for a meeting are quorum and discussion, hearing or deliberation of issues; the meeting needs not to be formally convened in order to be subject to the act. That means that "informal", "study," "discussion," "informational," "fact-finding," or "pre-council" gatherings of a quorum of the members of a board are within the scope of the Act as meetings.
Exceptions (Meetings Not Covered by the Brown Act)
Conferences and retreats, other public meetings, meetings of other legislative bodies, social or ceremonial events are exempt from the Brown Act provided that legislative members follow certain rules such as limiting the discussion to the agenda in the conference; or that legislative members do not discuss amongst themselves business of their legislative body. Regulations for these exceptions to meetings are contained in § 54952.2(c). Also excluded from the application of the Brown Act are individual contacts or conversations between a member of a legislative body and any other person (§ 54952.2(c) (1). Any other person is defined as a non-staff or non-board member.
Serial Meetings
The Brown Act explicitly prohibits the use of "direct communication, personal intermediaries, or technological devices that is employed by a majority of the members of the legislative body to develop a collective concurrence as to action to be taken on an item by the members of the legislative body" (§ 5495.2(b)). Serial meetings involve communication between members of a legislative body that are less than a quorum, but when all participants are considered, it constitutes a majority. "For example, a chain of communications involving contact from member A to member B who then communicates with member C would constitute a "serial meeting" … Similarly, when a person acts as the hub of a wheel (member A) and communicates individually with the various spokes (members B and C), a serial meeting has occurred. In addition, a serial meeting occurs when intermediaries for board members have a meeting to discuss issues.
For example, when a representative of member A meets with representatives of members B and C to discuss an agenda item, the members have conducted a serial meeting. In Stockton Newspapers, Inc. v. Redevelopment Agency (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 95, the Court concluded that a series of telephone conversations conducted by the agency's attorney as an intermediary constituted a meeting within the scope of the Brown Act. (See also, 65 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 63 (1982); 63 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 820 (1980))."3 Thus, the use of email to create consensus among the legislative members might be in violation of the Brown Act.
Teleconference Meetings
The Brown Act allows teleconference meetings if they comply with the following specifications:
• The teleconference location is accessible to the public and it is noted in the agendas;
• The meeting is useful to the public and the legislative body;
• All votes are taken by roll call, and;
• At least a quorum of the members of the legislative body are located within the boundaries of the territory over which it exercises jurisdiction (§ 54953(b)).
Closed Sessions
The Brown Act allows closed sessions under the scope of a regular meeting. It stipulates that they shall comply with agenda posting and be held within the jurisdiction of the legislative body (§ 54954), which shall include a description of the items to be discussed (§ 54954.2). In addition, prior to holding any closed session, the legislative body shall disclose, in an open meeting, the item or items to be discussed in the closed session (§ 54957.7). Items that can be discussed by the legislative body are according to § 54954.5:
Special Meetings
Either the presiding officer or the majority of members of the legislative body may call special meetings at any time by delivering each of its members a written notice and by notifying the media (which has previously requested notification of special meetings): the notice shall be received at least 24 hours in advance before the meeting. Special meetings notice shall be also posted at least 24 hours prior to the meeting and it should be held in a location that is freely accessible to members of the public. The discussions at the special meeting are limited to the issues posted in the agenda. No other business shall be considered (§ 54956).
What Rules Must a Meeting Follow?
Local agencies, in order to comply with the Brown Act, shall:
Hold open and public meetings (§ 54953 (a)). In addition, no legislative body shall conduct any meeting in a facility that prohibits the admittance of any person(s) on the basis of: race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex; or that is inaccessible to disabled persons, or where the public, in order to gain access to the facility, needs to pay or purchase something (§ 54961 (a)).
Violations of the Brown Act
Each member of a legislative body who has taken action in violation of any provision of the Brown Act, and where there was willful deprivation of information to the public, is guilty of a misdemeanor (§ 54959). Civil remedies (injunction, mandamus, declaratory relief and voiding past actions of the body) are provided in case of violation of the Brown Act (§§ 54960 and 5490.1) pursuant to §§ 54953, 54954.2, 54954.5, 54954.6, 54956, and 54956.5 (that is, for violations to requirements for: general open meeting, agenda posting, closed sessions, tax and assessment, special meetings and, emergency meetings). A court may award court costs and reasonable attorney fees to the plaintiff in an action brought pursuant to §§ 54960 and 5490.1.
In order to correct a violation to the Brown Act, a complaint to cure and correct has to be filed by the interested party:
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At the AHR Expo, Orlando, FL, January 25-27, 2010 - Taco's latest addition to its "00"® family of circulators includes a line of variable speed 00 solar pumps designed to match solar collector output, a feature that increases solar system performance by 20 percent. Taco's variable speed circulators with integral solar control includes the 009 solar drain-back circulator and several cast iron and non-ferrous pump sizes with integrated controls for jobs of all types and sizes.
All the wiring for power and sensors is done directly to the circulator while the LED status panel makes it easy to check function. Dip switch settings offer easy set-up. The pumps continually adjust speed to reduce short-cycling, maximizing solar collector output and system efficiency.
Taco's new products work with any solar thermal application, whether drain-back, open loop, or closed loop. They offer user-definable output for: heat dump, 1 or 2 storage tanks, storage tank supplement or booster pump. Also the all-in-one design means each Taco product is pre-engineered, pre-plumbed, pre-wired and easy to install.
Click here to learn more.


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UPDATE (Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012): In today's roll call of delegates at the Republican National Convention, Minnesota gave 33 votes to Ron Paul, 6 votes to presumptive nominee Mitt Romney and 1 vote to Rick Santorum, who bowed out of the race last spring.
Despite the move, Mitt Romney earned the nomination later down the "alphabet" of states, as New Jersey put the presumptive candidate over the top.
Minnesota's delegation to the Republican National Convention will not back Mitt Romney when the party gathers in Tampa next week. Instead, 32 of the state's 40 nominating votes will be cast for Ron Paul during the roll call of states, according to —chair of the delegation.
Stebbins lives in and was elected by Minnesota's contingent of 77 total delegates, 37 of which are alternates, as chair earlier this year. While conceding Romney would capture the GOP endorsement for U.S. President, Stebbins said her state's delegates are "overwhelmingly Ron Paul supporters" and made clear they would vote accordingly.
"I don't think Mitt Romney is a strong candidate," she said. "He represents old ideas and what the party has stood for over the last couple of decades, which is not necessarily what the voters want."
While there remain rank and file Republicans who are "still sore" following Ron Paul's strong showing in Minnesota's caucus back in February, Stebbins says she has been feeling more acceptance of late and believes many in the party recognize Ron Paul's level of support.
"They understand that we mean the party is growing, and that there are growing pains when an organization is growing," she said. "But we've brought in so many people—disaffected Democrats, Independents, Libertarians and people who had been sitting on the couch and not interested in politics. We are growing the party, and it's not always easy when there is a conflict of ideas."
, the Republican challenger for Minnesota House District 46B, echoed those sentiments and said Ron Paul supporters like him aren't trying to destroy the Republican Party; they're trying to save it. Arvidson is contemplating writing in Paul's name come election time.
"It's a curious thing, and it's politics at work," he said. "It's a grassroots movement trying to have an effect at the national level. To me, the two parties have become either big government or big business, and we just think it should be big people."
Stebbins also stressed Ron Paul supporters are "not abandoning the party" and many are volunteering for a variety of Republican candidates seeking state and federal office this fall.
Minnesota is not the only state in the Union sending a healthy helping of Ron Paul delegates to next week's Republican National Convention. A large percentage of delegations from Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts and Maine also back Paul. A deal was reportedly struck Tuesday afternoon between Paul supporters and the Republican National Committee that would seat more Paul delegates and allow Paul's son, Kentucky Senator Rand Paul, to speak during primetime in exchange for Paul supporters not holding up the nomination process.
For her part, Stebbins has supported Ron Paul since he first declared his candidacy for president back in 2007.
"At one point the campaign asked me to coordinate Minnesota, in late 2007, and so I did that," she said. "We had decent success for that year and elected six national delegates. Of course the 2008 state convention was pretty infamous for the party kind of squashing the Ron Paul movement."
When the Texas congressman again announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in 2011, Stebbins was among the first to join his campaign.
"In the fall of 2011 they asked me to chair the Minnesota campaign," she said. "We went ahead and did what needed to be done. This movement is just getting started. You've got people here in Minnesota who are just now running for city council. So those people aren't on the radar yet. Some of those will win and some won't, but that's where it starts. Those are the acorns, the shoots, that will spread out."
Romney is scheduled to visit Minnesota this week for a —a reception at the Lafayette Club in Minnetonka Beach and a private dinner at a home in Shorewood. Stebbins said she would not be attending either event.
Stebbins is herself a candidate for public office this November. She has declared her and will run against two others for a pair of seats up for grabs. It's not her first race for public office. After moving to Minnesota after high school the New York native ran for State Senate back in the 1990s to represent Richfield's district.
Stebbins has been active in the Republican Party for more than two decades and has been a state delegate most of that time. She has volunteered for "untold" campaigns during those years, and defined Libertarians as "classical liberals" who believe in controlling their own lives and self-determination as opposed to having government controlling their lives.
"I've put a lot of effort into the Republican Party, but I've always been fairly liberty minded," she said. "So when Ron Paul ran it was a natural fit for me. Practical liberal and Libertarian are fairly similar. Modern liberals came out of the progressive movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s. There is obviously quite a distinction now, however modern day liberals have a lot of good things about them."