text:
See All
My Communities
My Discussions
My Email Digests
Are there others like me with this same outcome?
How do i research current forums on this subject?
Yes i do have an attorney from very first accident.
I do hope that you will ask your doctor to check your Vitamin D level....which is so very important to a lot of people these days....low Vitamin D can cause additional pain for some of us...and it can also affect other illnesses as well...
A lot of us FMers also have multiple health issues....and I will share with you that in my case, I had to get to the bottom of each and every health issue that I had....before I eventually began to get better....
I hope that you will check out the information under "Tips" and "Resources" to the right of this page...as I am sure you will find something that will help you cope better...
Unfortunately....there are no "cures" for FM....so you will need to find "tools and tips" that might help you cope better....we are all different and what helps one may or may not help another....only you will know when you have found something that helps you...it does take a process of trial and error...
Take care and good luck...
My personal exchanges are Vitamin D and Pain and Wrath of the Dragon....if you care to visit..
I had a car wreck about 3 years ago and ever since then i've had pain mainly neck pain but it just kept getting worse i also tietze's disease as well all test came back neg. exeptct low ana witch doc said was nothing then went back to the rhemy this year looked me over and said i have fibromyalgia
i've done alot of researching and I belive that there is a connection between car wrecks ( neck trama ) and other forms of trauma mental problems( stress anxiety etc.)
also from what i've found about 70-80% of people with fibromyalgia have tietze's ot costochronditis ( pain in brest/ sternum bone )
here is one link that might help http://mattlaw.com/VidLandpages/Fibromyalgia/Fibromyalgia.html
aslo google it you'll find alot of information
also here on webMD I posted a question and you should see the results of my questions here is the link
let me know if it is helpful
I think "Understanding Post Traumatic Fibromyalgia is an awesome book! I know the author very well.
I diagnose someone with post traumatic FM if they meet all of the following criteria:
1. No pre-existing widespread chronic pain or previous diagnosis of FM.
2. An injury occurred causing soft tissue pain.
3. The pain never resolves completely (unbroken chain of pain)
4. The pain eventually becomes widespread
5. Meets criteria of FM on basis of clinical evaluation
6. Causes other than trauma are considered and ruled out.
Sometimes people develop FM from a first accident, and then additional accidents make the fibromyalgia worse. Or they already had FM and an accident caused it to become permanently worse.
Trauma-induced FM (post traumatic fibromyalgia) is very common. About half of the fibro patients I see report some type of trauma (including a whiplash injury) that triggered their fibro problems.
I hope this info helps. Take care.
Dr. P
I think the first signs of FM came after having 2 wisdom teeth pulled (in my 40s). The pain wouldn't go away, so my surgeon went back in again and found no reason for the continued pain. I developed another dry socket and had pain for a very long time after. Then I started noticing that every procedure (root canal) or injury lasted longer than normal. The allover FM pain didn't start until I had 3 days of cold exposure at my son's soccer tournament. I felt "cold to the bone" until Winter ended. But looking back, I realize that I probably had FM pain several yrs before. I was actually diagnosed with PTSD from experiencing 5 years of fighting cancer with my mother and brother and losing both of them within that time. I haven't noticed any posts related to stress-induced FM and I think that is such a huge component. I worry about the new generation that we just created through going to war in Iraq and Afghanistan. All of these young men and women are coming back with PTSD and there will be enormous effects on our society. I think many of them may end up with FM, whether it's trauma to the body or mind. This will eventually bring more attention to FM and hopefully lead to more research and more resources for those who live with it. I would like to know what others think about my theory related to body/mind trauma-induced FM. Sending you light and love, TGG
I like the part about the additional accidents adding up.
what do you think of someone who was a premature baby, 4 lbs 3 oz, born feet first (not sure what that is called)
do you think that this kind of tramatic birthing, might have been one of the beginnings?
this was way back in the late 50's. so, I do know things premie wise, have vastly improved, also with being born feet first.
I can't go back and make corrections once it's bee sent.
the premie that was born feet first, now if I remember correctly, the doctor used a forceps to turn the baby around. So some trauma there.
Thank you so much for that assessment. I have an appointment with a new neurologist this month... I would with your permission like to cut and paste it and take it with me to the appointment.
I love my PCP, but she believes that you HAVE to have 11/18 trigger points, and I'm finding out that is old school thinking.
I am nearly 5 years post MVA (rear ended) I have not had ONE day where I'm not in pain in one form or another.
Thanks for your input.
I was also in a car crash (rear-ended) in Oct '03, and never got rid of the pain. I saw my PCP in December, told him about the aches and burning sensation, and he booked me an appt with my rheumatologist. For a year, he tested me for everything he could, and I did a few stints in PT, but in Mar '05 I was diagnosed with FM.
No matter where it came from, we're all in the same boat!
PS sorry if none of what i said made no sense.
See Related Pain Management Communities
Women's Health Newsletter
Find out what women really need.
Helpful Tips
- Living Well with Fibromyalgia
- Vitamin D level checked ***
Helpful Resources
Related NewsThere was an error with this newsfeed
Related Drug Reviews
- Drug Name User Reviews
Report Problems With Your Medications to the FDA
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
The opinions expressed in WebMD Communities are solely those of the User, who may or may not have medical or scientific training. These opinions do not represent the opinions of WebMD. Communities are not reviewed by a WebMD physician or any member of the WebMD editorial staff for accuracy, balance, objectivity, or any other reason except for compliance with our Terms and Conditions. Some of these opinions may contain information about treatments or uses of drug products that have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. WebMD does not endorse any specific product, service or treatment.
Do not consider Communities as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. WebMD understands that reading individual, real-life experiences can be a helpful resource, but it is never a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified health care provider. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or dial 911 immediately.
Health Solutions From Our Sponsors
©2005-2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


text:
My Account
item(s) in cart
You May Also Likeback to top
detailsback to top
Product DescriptionThis traditionally-styled Kinder Sleigh with scrolled runners looks like it came from a history book. The elevated riding position keeps your child warmer and dryer. Scrolled HDPE polymer runners will last for years with no need for maintenance or waxing. Traditional wood sleigh design. Includes pull rope. Dimensions: 34.75" x 14" x 9.375". Weight: 7.6 lbs. Recommended age: 1-4 years.
product reviewsback to top
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Well-built
- Flimsy Rope
Best Uses
- Winter Activities
Comments about Pelican Boats Pelican Kinder Sleigh:
Per the manufacturer this was appropriately aged for 1-4. Was perfect gift for a two-year old. I expect he will be able to use it for 1-2 more years. Child loved it, parents loved it. Worked well on icy and powder snow. An excellent gift at an excellent price point. Thanks Overton's.
- Was this a gift?:
- Yes

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Almost anyone can enjoy one of our jet boating, canoeing or kayaking adventures on the Whanganui River with its majestic gorges, rock formations, majestic roaring waterfalls and lush green bush. Our customers have included families, beginner paddlers, experienced paddlers, people well over retirement age and more adventurous paddlers. We also cater to large volunteer organization groups, and large family groups.
Many have never canoed, rafted or camped before but thoroughly enjoy their canoeing or kayaking trip and find it well within their capabilities.
Careful instruction and training is provided. Your safety comfort and enjoyment is our main priority and we have a range of equipment and canoes to suit every one. The emphasis is on relaxation and fun, all in a unique setting.
We will then give you a safety briefing which shows you the camp sites, we talk about how to read the river, and navigate your way through the rapids. You will then take with you a water proof map case with information in it to help you along the way as well.
Once you have had the safety briefing you will pack your barrels and dry bags ready to go into your Canoe/Kayak of choice.
We then depart for the river where the we will show you how to paddle, the different strokes to use and how to safely pack your canoe. If you have chosen the 1 or 5 day journey, you can then practice on the rapid at our boat ramp. If you have chosen the 2 or 3 day journey you can practice at both of those entry points as well and once you feel confident and we have seen you paddle, you then will depart for your intended journey secure in the knowledge that you have been given the tools to embark on your journey both safely but having the ultimate time of your life as well.
On the final day of your journey we will meet you at the boat ramp with home baking and either a hot or cold drink (depending on the weather) to make the end of your journey finish just perfectly.
We then transport you back to our base in the comfort of our air conditioned bus for larger groups or minivans for the smaller groups.
You can then choose what to do next, have a shower, another coffee, stay another night, enjoy the magnificent views while you debrief, or simply pack your vehicles ready to go home or to embark on another adventure, all the while planning your next unforgettable journey with us.
It is our mission is to serve you in whichever way we can to make your journey the most memorable one you possibly can have.
You don't have to have great levels of fitness to do this journey however there will be a maximum of 7 hours paddling per day. You can choose to take more days to do the journey if you choose, this will mean that you don't need to paddle so many hours per day.
We have a high level of safety procedures therefore we don't put a single person in the river alone. What we will do for you is find another group for you to fit in with so that you will have the safety and security that if something was to go wrong on the river, that there would be people there to help you.
We also hire out our Briefing/Conference room and mattresses for larger groups, so that you can pack and all be together on the night before you journey.
There is a BBQ on site for your cooking use and many different areas you can spread out in while enjoying the most magnificent views of Mt Hikurangi, the Whanganui River and lovely gardens.
Below our Base on the edge of the river, we have a lovely camping spot and a fire pit where you can toast marshmallows, sing songs and meet other travelers embarking on the same journey as you are. You are most welcome to tent there or bring you camper van to sleep in.
|Forgotten World Adventures
|Forgotten World Adventures
|Forgotten World Adventures
Akaroa Guided Kayak Safari
Christchurch, New Zealand Kayaking & Canoeing
Only 80 minuets from Christchurch, New Zealand, Akaroa Guided Kayak Safari gives you the exciting adventure you dream of! Your qualified guide will help you throughout the safari, ensuring that your comfort and safety is always his top priority....
Starting at 99 Per Person
Aqua Air Adventure
Auckland, New Zealand Hang Gliding
Hang-gliding. Land Yachting, Hovercraft, Yike Bikes...
AJ Hackett Bungy Queenstown
Queenstown, New Zealand Bungee Jumping
AJ Hackett Bungy is the world pioneer of commercial Bungy Jumping. It all started in Queenstown, New Zealand in 1988, and since then they have become an established World Leader in the Tourism Industry. Bungy jumping is a must do in NZ!...
Starting at 150 Per Person
New Zealand Fun Family River Holidays
Rangitikei, New Zealand Rafting Trips
Mangaweka is the place to stop during your journey through New Zealand. Fun raft trips for all ages, riverside motor camps and other accommodation, swimming, great trout fishing, galleries, bike trails and the iconic DC3 on SH1. Next stop Mangaweka!...
Starting at 75 Per Person
Guided Climbs And Treks On Mt Taranaki/egmont
Taranaki, New Zealand Hiking & Trekking
Mt taranaki guided tours provide professional guided tours in the egmont national park. mt taranaki / egmont tour is a one day tour. trekking tours range from 1 day to 4 days. mt taranaki is a beautiful volcano in the north island of nz. 2518 m high...
Starting at $350 Per Trip
Fly Pragliding
Otago, New Zealand Paragliding
Tandem paragliding flights from Coronet Peak resort. Legal transport service provided from your accommodation. Pictures and Videos included on a cd-rom or your own usb memory stick. ...
Starting at 185 Per Trip
Wairere Boulders, Hokianga Harbour
Northland, New Zealand Hiking & Trekking
New Zealand's Hokianga ecotourism, wilderness experience leading you over bridges, steps and stairs through a unique geomorphic valley featuring thousands of basalt boulders and rocks....
Rates from $15 Per Person
Wild Walks
Lake Wanaka, New Zealand Hiking & Trekking
Take the road less traveled on one of our truly "wild walks". We guide only small groups (max 5) on our 2-8 day hiking adventures. From seriously tough treks to easy walks, we provide a true wilderness experience in the Mt Aspiring National Park....
Starting at 350 Per Person
Get high on some alpine hikes in New Zealand
Canterbury, New Zealand Hiking & Trekking
Climb high on these 2 or 3-day alpine treks. The Ball Pass Treks, and Aoraki Mt Cook Trek give spectacular views of New Zealand's highest mountains. The Tekapo Trek gives you panoramas over Lake Tekapo, the Mackenzie Basin and the Southern Alps....
Starting at 590 Per Person
Nelson Hang Gliding Adventures
Nelson, New Zealand Hang Gliding
Hang Gliding instruction and tandems...
Starting at 185 Per Trip
Colonial Lodge Motel
Taupo, New Zealand Hotels & Resorts
Situated just metres from the shores of beautiful Lake Taupo, the Colonial Lodge Motel offers luxury 4+ Star Accommodation in tastefully decorated Spa Suites or 1 Bedroom Spa Apartments than can sleep up to 5....
Starting at 115 Per Night
Taupo DeBretts Spa Resort
Taupo, New Zealand Campgrounds & RV Parks
Lake Taupo's premier camping and RV campervan park with motel, lodge, Chalet and luxury Lake Villa accommodation in a holiday park setting. Overlooking the Lake Taupo Volcanic Zone and next door to Taupo's award winning Taupo Hot Springs....
Affordable Rates from 24 Per Night
Minarapa Lodge - tranquil country stay near Taupo
Taupo, New Zealand Bed & Breakfasts
11-acre rural retreat along tree-lined drive, 12 minutes from Taupo, central to tourist attractions. Character home with billiard room/guest lounge tennis court, Spacious guest rooms, 2 with ensuite, balcony,TV. NZ$140 -$160 double.German spoken. ...
140 Per Night
Kiwi Dundee Adventures Ltd. New Zealand
Coromandel, New Zealand Eco Tours
Doug & Jan are two fun loving genuine 'Kiwi' Guides.Doug Johansen is regarded as one of NZ's foremost guides with a wealth of knowledge on the natural world. His feats earned him the 'Kiwi Dundee' title in 1988, the Queens medal for services to Natur...
Starting at $230 Per Person
Queen Charlotte Wilderness Park
Marlborough, New Zealand Eco Tours
Private native wildlife sanctuary and island in the beautiful Marlborough Sounds. Miles of private walking tracks, beaches, gold mines, scuba, snorkelling, fishing, wilderness, nature....
$100 Per Night
Bush & Beyond guided conservation walks
Kahurangi Park, New Zealand Wildlife & Safari Tours
The original operator in Kahurangi National Park. New Zealand's most diverse wilderness park. Largest variety of plant species, rare birds and scenery from alpine to coastal. Trips 1 to 8 days, all ages and fitness levels....
$105 Per Trip
Queenstown Wine Trail - wine tours New Zealand
Queenstown, New Zealand Wine Tasting
First time tasters or wine connoisseurs join us for a full afternoon of wine tasting, just a short journey from Queenstown this relaxed personalised tour takes in a selection of our finest boutique wineries. Operating daily deparures at 12.30pm....
Starting at 129 Per Person
Study English in New Zealand
Hamilton, New Zealand Language Schools
Study English in New Zealand at Waikato Institute of Education. A wide range of quality courses and programmes including General English at 6 levels (academic and general), IELTS Preparation, English for High School, Summer & holiday programmes...
Starting at 340 Per Week
Rainforest, Nature Retreat, Unique accomodation
Bay of Plenty, New Zealand Health Spas & Retreats
In Native Rainforest, Mount Tutu Eco-Sanctuary is Eco-Lodge, Nature Retreat/Bird Sanctuary-has 3 cosy whare/ensuite. Guests receive Glow-Worm tour, enjoy Bush Walks, feed unique Mount Tutu Sheep, & enjoy expansive woodland/water gardens. Full B/fast...
Starting at 150 Per Night
Self Drive and Guided New Zealand Tours
Christchurch, New Zealand Sight-Seeing Tours
At The Road Trip we offer you the chance to experience our country's unique beauty on your terms - offering flexible New Zealand guided tours and self-drive packages that give you everything you need to enjoy your time here....
Great Deals Now! 799 Per Trip
|Link Code


text:
Kristen Hope Norris and Wesley Robert "Hank" Williams, both of Palestine, were married Oct. 29 at Bella Sera Ranch of Palestine.
The Rev. R.F. "Dickie" Guthrie, grandfather of the groom of Palestine and Jake Norris, brother of the bride, of Longview read vows and prayed for the couple before an altar decorated with two pedestal arrangements of Japanese Maple Branches, cattails, crab apples, antique hydrangeas, coffee break roses, dark purple millet and chocolate cymbidiums orchids. Fall leaves outlined the pathway leading down the bridal path along with black wrought iron shepherds hooks and matching lanterns. Rows of garden chairs were arranged for family and friends and marked with raffia, antique hydrangeas, coffee break roses and dark purple millet.
Pumpkins and fall foliage and pots of burgundy mums were placed near the outdoor pavilion where the couple exchanged vows.
Parents of the bride are Steve and Tammy Norris of Palestine and parents of the groom are Steve and Effie Williams of Montalba.
Escorted by her father the bride wore an elegant ivory organza gown with ruching and ruffled trim. The empire waist featured beautiful beading detail. The skirt and chapel train were highlighted with elegant embellished lace. The bride wore a double scalloped edge veil and blusher that was outlined in metallic bead work and scattered with crystals. An ivory satin ribbon with crystal embellished slides was tied around her hair. She wore pearl and crystal jewelry and a silver cross necklace that was a gift from the groom. She committed her life to Hank Williams in her Tony Lama boots.
The bride carried hand-tied nosegay of coffee break roses wrapped in navy satin ribbon and held with an antique blue glass and pearl broach.
Attending the bride was maid of honor, Jessica Granberry, life long best friend of the bride and matron of honor was Nikki Chaffin, sister of the bride, of Palestine.
Bridesmaids were Michelle L. Norris, sister-in-law of the bride of Longview; and Mary Beth Williams, sister of the groom, of Montalba.
Attendants wore varied strapless, one shoulder, and halter top short navy charmeuse dresses with ruched waist and pockets and pearl accessories. Attendants wore brown Ariat boots, a gift from the bride.
They carried hand-tied nosegays with coffee break roses, antique hydrangea, monkey's tail, chocolate cymbidium orchids tied with ivory satin ribbon.
Flower girl was Mykyla Brooks, cousin of the groom, of Palestine.
Ring bearer was Christopher (Tater) Norris, nephew of the bride, of Longview.
Candlelighter was Harrison Norris, nephew of the bride, of Longview.
Best man was Ryan Patton, best friend of the groom, of Montalba.
Groomsmen were Ricky Brooks, cousin of the groom, of Athens, Josh Bracke, cousin of the groom, of Texas City and Brandon Brooks, cousin of the groom, of Palestine.
Ushers were Patrick Bailey of Nacogdoches, Jordan Bentley of Palestine and Harrison Norris of Longview.
Providing music were Allen Durham, Music Masters of East Texas of Jacksonville and pianist, Kathleen Brown of Palestine.
A reception hosted by the parents of the bride, was held at the Grand Hall of Bella Sera Ranch.
House party members included Tarah Miles, life long friend of the bride and Jodi Brooks, life long friend of the bride.
Following a wedding trip to a nearby destination, the couple will reside in Lake Mary.
The bride is a 2009 graduate of Palestine High School. She is a licensed massage therapist of Stone's School of Massage Therapy of Tyler and is completing her associate degree in Business at Trinity Valley Community College. She works for East Texas Physicians Alliance.
The groom is a 2009 graduate of Neches High School and has completed his welding certifications at Lincoln Tech in Grand Prairie and is employed by Oakwood Steel.
11-20-11: Norris-Williams wedding
Kristen Hope Norris and Wesley Robert "Hank" Williams, both of Palestine, were married Oct. 29 at Bella Sera Ranch of Palestine.


text:
BY GLENN PUIT firstname.lastname@example.com
Traverse City Record-Eagle
---- — TRAVERSE CITY — The Maples nursing home officials told Benzie County leaders they will repay $484,000 the county loaned the facility by March 2014.
Judy Martin, the county-run nursing home's interim director, and Michael Stephenson, The Maples' accountant, told county commissioners the nursing home is prepared to enter into a contract with the county to outline exactly how it will repay the money.
"I think the money will be reimbursed," County Administrator Chris Olson said. "It's just a matter of time."
Martin and Stephenson also asked the county to consider additional financial advances to get the facility through what it described as short-term financial difficulties. The total amount of the county-proffered line of credit would not exceed $650,000, including the $484,000 already owed.
Maples administrators blamed recent financial problems on decreased Medicaid-Medicare reimbursements, a temporary downtick in patient numbers and the splitting of a county millage to support the construction of a new nursing home facility in Frankfort. The county is still expected to break ground on a $10 million facility on Maples Avenue in Frankfort, with the plan to keep nursing home services under county's auspices.
A .365 millage for the Maples that expires in 2016 brings in about $350,000 a year for operational costs. A .635 building millage brings in about $700,000 annually to pay for construction costs.
Commissioner Roger Griner said commissioners want to know if the loaned money can be guaranteed as part of the contract for repayment. Some commissioners also want more information on what it might mean to the county if a private contractor was hired to run The Maples.
"If we are going to be playing banker, we want a guarantee," Griner said.


text:
Order By Phone: 1.800.403.7449.
With 80s-inspired graphics and a classic highbrow frame, the Gretchen Bleiler Signature Series CORRESPONDENT® is fearless, feminine and fun. They're part action sports athlete, part pop star, and all girl. Like Gretchen, the GB CORRESPONDENT exudes confidence and individuality.
The GB Signature Series CORRESPONDENT™ story begins with a stress-resistant, lightweight O MATTER® frame built to withstand major adventures. The comfort of a Three-Point Fit plus patented hydrophilic UNOBTAINIUM® nose pads make sure CORRESPONDENT stays put. A geometric pattern of purple, orange and silver on the stems makes these truly eye catching.
Then there are the lenses: PLUTONITE® material filters out 100% of UVA / UVB / UVC & harmful blue light up to 400nm. You'll also dig having optimized peripheral vision and the side protection of 6 base lens curvature. And when you're on the slopes or just on the go, it's good to know that optical precision and impact resistance meet or exceed standards of Z87.1. (That means they are very durable!)
The GB Signature Series CORRESPONDENT™ are available with Oakley Authentic Prescription Lenses (+2.00 through -3.00 combined power). The story ends with pure Gretchen style–her initials inside the stem, and a custom GB Signature Series microbag and box.
Also available in: CORRESPONDENT
Your satisfaction is guaranteed. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, please call Customer Care for a Return Authorization (RA) number within 90 days of receipt of product (15 days for wearable electronics). Customized product or product that has been abused may not be returned under any circumstances. For all other products, if the item is returned in the original packaging, we will exchange it or provide you a refund based on your original method of payment. The product must be returned to us within 30 calendar days of the issuance of the Return Authorization Number. All products must be packed in the original, unmarked packaging including any accessories, manuals, documentation and registration that was included with the product. Returns that do not meet these conditions may be subject to a restocking fee.
Follow these simple steps for a prompt refund:
1 Icon
Foothill Ranch, CA 92610
990 Barrington Ave
Ontario, Ca 91764
Customized products are not returnable or refundable.
All products being returned must have a Return Authorization number in order for a prompt refund. Product must be returned within 30 days of issuance of Return Authorization number. Original freight charges are not refundable.
You must request a Return Authorization number for electronic products within 15 days of the date of original purchase. Securely package items as we are not responsible for any items lost or damaged in transit.
You must request a Return Authorization number for all other products within 90 days of the date of original purchase. Securely package items as we are not responsible for any items lost or damaged in transit.
Unless prohibited by law, a 10% restocking fee will be charged for all wearable electronics when the factory seal has been broken.
Additional fees will be charged for any product missing the original box, packaging material, contents, accessories, and/or manuals (i.e. any product not in "sellable" condition).
Note: Items purchased from an Authorized Oakley retailer must be returned to the place of purchase.
With Lens (Simulated)
Naked Eye


text:
Optics InfoBase
> Applied Optics
Generation of 130 mW of 397.5 nm tunable laser via ring-cavity-enhanced frequency doubling
Third-harmonic generation at a silver/vacuum interface using surface plasmon polaritons
Electrically controlled second-harmonic generation in silicon-compatible plasmonic slot waveguides: a new modulation scheme
Phase-matching directions, refined Sellmeier equations, and second-order nonlinear coefficient of the infrared Langatate crystal La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14
Generation of 9 MeV γ-rays by all-laser-driven Compton scattering with second-harmonic laser light
Nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction of femtosecond laser pulses
Heterodyne-detected and ultrafast time-resolved second-harmonic generation for sensitive measurements of charge transfer
Difference-frequency generation of fs and ps mid-IR pulses in LiInSe2 based on Yb-fiber laser pump sources
Highly efficient infrared optical nonlinearity of a wide-bandgap chalcogenide Li2CdGeS4
Double-resonance enhanced intersubband second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities in GaN/AlGaN step quantum wells
DC current induced second order optical nonlinearity in graphene
Spatially and spectrally resolved quantum-path tracing in high-order harmonic generation
Spectral broadening in femtosecond pulse written filamentary waveguides in periodically poled lithium niobate
A 7.81 W 355 nm ultraviolet picosecond laser using La2CaB10O19 as a nonlinear optical crystal
Second harmonic generation in isotropic media: six-wave mixing of optical vortices: erratum
Carrier-envelope phase effects on the spatial coherence of high-order harmonics
Efficient phase-matched third harmonic generation in an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide
Temperature nonuniformity occurring during the cooling process of a KDP crystal and its effects on second-harmonic generation
Molecular orientation sensitive second harmonic microscopy by radially and azimuthally polarized light
Tabletop nanometer extreme ultraviolet imaging in an extended reflection mode using coherent Fresnel ptychography
Applied Optics
Optics InfoBase
Google Scholar
Search by title, abstract, or author
Advanced Search
Adv. Opt. Photon.Applied OpticsApplied SpectroscopyBiomed. Opt. ExpressChinese Optics LettersJ. Display Technol.J. Lightwave Technol.J. Opt. Commun. Netw.J. Opt. Netw. (2002-2009)J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1917-1983)J. Opt. Soc. Am. AJ. Opt. Soc. Am. BJ. Opt. Soc. KoreaJ. Opt. Technol.OpticaMeetingsOptics & Photonics NewsOpt. Mater. ExpressOptics ExpressOptics LettersOptics News (1975-1989)Photonics Research
Select a Journal:
Adv. Opt. Photon.Applied OpticsApplied SpectroscopyBiomed. Opt. ExpressChinese Optics LettersJ. Display Technol.J. Lightwave Technol.J. Opt. Commun. Netw.J. Opt. Netw. (2002-2009)J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1917-1983)J. Opt. Soc. Am. AJ. Opt. Soc. Am. BJ. Opt. Soc. KoreaJ. Opt. Technol.OpticaMeetingsOpt. Mater. ExpressOptics ExpressOptics LettersOptics News (1975-1989)Photonics Research


text:
I found this interesting and if you do too, cool. Brandon Knight, a top basketball recruit headed to Kentucky, opted to sign a financial aid offer instead of your traditional LOI. The difference between the two is that while both guarantee a scholarship, a financial aid offer sheet allows the recruit to back out without an appeals process. The only thing he can't do is go to another SEC school. Read the article for more. Any thoughts on FAO vs LOI? I think LOIs give the universities too much powers and FAOs may be a little better for the players (although only top talent can get away with signing them).
We'll email you a reset link.
If you signed up using a 3rd party account like Facebook or Twitter, please login with it instead.
You must be a member of CougCenter to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at CougCenter. You should read them.
You must be a member of CougCenter to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at CougCenter. You should read them.
Choose an available username to complete sign up.
In order to provide our users with a better overall experience, we ask for more information from Facebook when using it to login so that we can learn more about our audience and provide you with the best possible experience. We do not store specific user data and the sharing of it is not required to login with Facebook.


text:
Just like they have before every Thankgiving for the past 10 years, seniors at Brooksby Village once loaded up a van from the city's food pantry Friday morning full of canned goods and other non-perishable foods they had been collecting over the past couple weeks.
Afterward, the seniors and staff members did their annual "Turkey Trot" around the housing complex campus -- a mile walk with a life size turkey leading the way.
"This is an annual event so it's nice to see everyone turn out year after year to help Haven from Hunger," says Stefanie Fuller, a fitness specialist at Brooksby.
Haven's executive director Alyse Barbash, who was there Friday to personally accept the donation with pantry volunteers, thanked the seniors for their continuing generosity.
Each year, in addition to serving up a free feast at the pantry on Thanksgiving Day, hundreds of bagged holiday dinners are distributed to clients in the days leading up to Thanksgiving.
Barbash said about 50 people were lined up outside the pantry on Wallis Street earlier that morning, waiting to pick up their meals.


text:
Rolex Rankings #1
Rolex Rankings #2
This is the first year for the event.
Will Inbee Park defend her title?
Some trends entering this week's International Crown
The Social Scene for July, 2014
Na Yeon Choi and Song-Hee Kim talked to Golf Channel about their first trip to Sea World.


text:
November 1, 2012
Clarence "Herk" E. Hurtubise
Clarence "Herk" E. Hurtubise, age 83, of North Tonawanda, passed away on November 1, 2012 at Buffalo General Hospital. Mr. Hurtubise was born on July 16, 1929 in North Tonawanda, son of the late Clarence and Marguerite (nee Sommer) Hurtubise.
Mr. Hurtubise was a US Army Veteran serving during the Korean War. He was a graduate of RIT and the University of Houston. Mr. Hurtubise was owner of Your Type Printing in North Tonawanda. He was a member of St. Jude the Apostle Parish in North Tonawanda, where he served as a Eucharist minister. Clarence served as president and on the board of directors for various organizations through out the area.
Mr. Hurtubise is survived by his loving wife of 56 years, Margaret "Midge" Mary (nee Spencer) Hurtubise; devoted father of Kenneth (Deborah), Stephen (Sharon), Michael Hurtubise, Betsy Jackson, Patricia Geist and Nancy (Wyatt) Yee; brother of Donald (Barbara), Douglas (Sandy), Joseph (Barbara) and Daniel (Shirley) Hurtubise; proud grandfather of 15.
The family will greet relatives and friends on SUNDAY from 7-9 PM in the WATTENGEL Funeral Home, 307 Oliver St., North Tonawanda. A Memorial Mass will be held on Monday at 10 AM from St. Jude the Apostle Parish, 800 Niagara Falls Blvd., North Tonawanda. In lieu of flowers, memorials to Meals on Wheels of Niagara County or Red Jacket Club.
Online guest registry at www.Wattengel.com.


text:
When the Clemson Tigers, Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, LSU Tigers, and Vanderbilt Commodores are playing, fans of the Georgia Bulldogs have at least a passing interest in the games, if there's...
"Mama called," and Georgia recruiting coordinator Rodney Garner chose to return to Auburn to do the same job for the Tigers he had been performing in Athens. What does this mean for the Bulldogs?
Georgia fans are used to dealing with Auburn, Florida, and Georgia Tech boosters, so it's hard to work up any honest contempt for partisans of the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Nevertheless, there are five...
This is not a shock, but it is good news for Georgia fans, as Lattimore has absolutely torn up the Bulldogs all three times he has faced the Red and Black. We wish this fierce competitor well for a complete recovery and a stellar professional career. Go 'Dawgs!
They still need to work on their capitalization over there, but, otherwise, this is a thoughtful and respectful posting, which was appreciated, and which deserved highlighting. Go 'Dawgs!
The Georgia Bulldogs were dominant in their 42-10 win over the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Are the 2012 SEC East and Peach State champions ready to claim the conference and national titles, as well?
The Georgia Bulldogs opened up a can of Clean Old-Fashioned Whoop-Ass on the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets on Saturday, which means it's time to update that Mark Richt Victory Watch.
It is time once again for Clean Old-Fashioned Hate, as the Georgia Bulldogs prepare to welcome the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets between the hedges. What is in store for this in-state rivalry showdown?
The Georgia Bulldogs claimed the SEC East crown with a 38-0 victory over the Auburn Tigers on the Plains in the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry. It was kind of a good night to be a Georgia fan.
The Georgia Bulldogs claimed their second straight SEC East championship and evened their 120-year-old series with the Auburn Tigers. That is worth commemorating in the Mark Richt Victory Watch.
We'll email you a reset link.
If you signed up using a 3rd party account like Facebook or Twitter, please login with it instead.
You must be a member of Dawg Sports to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at Dawg Sports. You should read them.
You must be a member of Dawg Sports to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at Dawg Sports. You should read them.
Choose an available username to complete sign up.
In order to provide our users with a better overall experience, we ask for more information from Facebook when using it to login so that we can learn more about our audience and provide you with the best possible experience. We do not store specific user data and the sharing of it is not required to login with Facebook.


text:
Are you feeling the pinch in your wallet? I know I am. Those days of frivolous spending are long gone. Taxes keep going up, food prices are on the rise, and staying employed is the new raise. Like everyone else, you're probably counting your dollars more and searching high and low for the best bargains. You've been clipping coupons for household items, keeping track of sales at groceries stores, and even letting those highlights grow out a little longer. But, what are you doing to save on clothing? That is where thrift shops come in.
What are thrift shops? Thrift shops are stores that accept donated gently used clothing, accessories, and household items and sell them at significantly discounted prices. Most thrift stores directly support a charity or nonprofit. For example, here at Laurel House, we have two thrift stores; Laurel's Loft and Marian's Attic. Any sales made from both, go directly back to Laurel House to help victims of domestic abuse.
So now that you know what a thrift store is, why should you thrift? Thrifting is like treasure hunting. You never know what wonderful things you may come across till you attempt it. For example, on visit to Laurel's Loft I came across a pair of brand new J Crew shoes for $20.00! I knew from being a J Crew fan that the shoes retailed for close to $200.00! What a bargain! In Marian's Loft I found a brand new brocade cream blazer for $14.00 with tags still attached saying $48.99! Again, another amazing bargain.
Another great aspect of thrifting is shopping for growing families. Kids grow out of clothing very quickly and tend to be hard on their clothing. There's so many gently used name brand clothing in thrift stores because the kids outgrew the item very quickly. A mom can definitely save money buying her children clothing from a thrift store as opposed to sending much more in the department stores for only a few wears.
So that being said, how does one start thrifting?
- Have a game plan. Search the internet, browse your local newspaper, and talk to people to gain an idea of what stores you should visit.
- Go in with an open mind. Unlike visiting a department store, you can't expect to go in and find specific items. If you're in the market for slim cut jeans by Levi's you may not find them but, you may find a nice slim cut pair by Wrangler. Be open!
- Inspect items closely. Are their tears or stains that were missed? Is there a crack on that kitchen table? If there's slight imperfections can they fixed or altered? Make sure you ask yourself these questions before purchasing.
- Look around the whole store! You never know what's hidden in the different sections. Maybe you may find a nice vintage leather jacket in the men's section or if you're crafty maybe an old prom dress could be fashioned into something else. Dig in and explore!
Remember, thrifting can be a great way to find unique and vintage items while saving money. Shopping at thrift stores can also be a great way to give back to local charities and nonprofits by either patronizing a store or dropping off donations. If you would like more information on Laurel House's thrift stores please visit www.laurel-house.org or check out our stores on Facebook; Laurel's Loft: https://www.facebook.com/LaurelsLoft and Marian's Attic: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Marians-Attic/118662598701.
Happy Shopping!


text:
A 6-Month Efficacy and Safety Study of Org 50081 in Adult Patients With Chronic Primary Insomnia (21106)(P05701AM2) (Aquamarine)
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of treatment
with Org 50081, compared to placebo, in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Primary efficacy variable is Total
Sleep Time (TST).
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Mental Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorder, Intrinsic
Drug: Org 50081
Drug: Placebo
Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A 6-Month, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Outpatient Trial, Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Org 50081 in Adult Patients With Chronic Primary Insomnia
- Total Sleep Time as recorded daily in the sleep diary [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- To demonstrate the long-term efficacy in improving sleep latency [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- To investigate the long term efficacy on other sleep maintenance parameters and on sleep quality and satisfaction with sleep duration. [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- To investigate long-term safety and tolerability. [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- To investigate the effects of discontinuation after long-term treatment. [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- To explore the effect on functional and quality of life outcomes [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Study Start Date:
|March 2008
|Study Completion Date:
|November 2009
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: Arm 1
Org 50081 one tablet once a day
Drug: Org 50081
one tablet once a day
Placebo Comparator: Arm 2
one tablet once a day
Drug: Placebo
One tablet once a day
Detailed Description:
Insomnia is a common complaint or disorder throughout the world. About one third of the population in the industrial countries reports difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, resulting in a non-refreshing or non-restorative sleep. The majority of the insomniacs suffer chronically from their complaints.
The maleic acid salt of Org 4420, code name Org 50081, was selected for development in the treatment of insomnia. The first clinical trial with Org 50081 was a proof-of-concept trial with a four-way cross-over design. All 3 Org 50081 dose groups showed a statistically significant positive effect on TST (objective and subjective) and WASO, as compared to placebo.
The current study is designed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of Org 50081 in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group outpatient trial in patients suffering from chronic primary insomnia.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- are at least 18 and less than 65 years;
- sign written informed consent after the scope and nature of the investigation have been explained;
- have shown capability to complete the LogPad questionnaires;
- have difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep or have early morning awakening;
Exclusion Criteria:
- Significant medical or psychiatric illness causing sleep disturbances.
- Have a history of bipolar disorder or attempted suicide or have a family (immediate family) history of suicide.
- Have a sleep disorder such as sleep-related breathing disorder, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy.
- Significant other medical illness such as acute or chronic pain, heart-, kidney-, or liver disease within the last year.
- Currently diagnosed or meet the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or have been treated for MDD in the last 2 years.
- Substance abuse, excessive use of alcohol (determined by the physician) or drug addiction within the last year.
- Are night workers or rotating shift workers or plan to travel through more than 3 time-zones.
- Routinely nap during the day.
- Have a BMI of 36 or more.
No Contacts or Locations Provided
No publications provided
|Responsible Party:
|Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00631657 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|February 29, 2008
|Last Updated:
|September 26, 2013
|Health Authority:
|United States: Food and Drug Administration
Argentina: Administracion Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnologia Medica
Belgium: Federal Agency for Medicinal Products and Health Products
France: Afssaps - Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (Saint-Denis)
Germany: Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices
Hungary: National Institute of Pharmacy
Netherlands: The Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO)
Poland: Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products
Sweden: Medical Products Agency
United Kingdom: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
Keywords provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.:
placebo controlled
double blind
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
Mental Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features
Nervous System Diseases
Neurologic Manifestations
Signs and Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 31, 2014


text:
Embark upon an adventure that goes beyond the movie with Shrek 2 The Game. Inspired by the upcoming film and expanding its storyline, the game features Shrek's signature humor and comedic interactions. Players experience key moments from the film and encounter a variety of new personalities, environments and sub-plots as they switch between Shrek, Donkey or one of their many friends.
Shrek 2 is an Action/Comic Action video game for Xbox published by Activision on May 5, 2004. It's rated Everyone by the ESRB and 26 of our users have voted it 3.6 out of 5 stars.
Our newest cheats for Shrek 2 were added April 10, 2007. We also have the game available on PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance, GameCube, in addition to Xbox.
Press A + B + X + Y three times when Puss In Boots says "Now ye ogre... pray for mercey form Puss... in Boots.". It should skip Shrek and go to Donkey. Each time you hit Puss In Boots, his health should go down four times more than a regular hit.
Go to the first level, press Start to pause game play, and enter the "Scrapbook" screen. Then, press Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B, X, B, X, B, X, B. Exit the "Scrapbook screen, quit the level, then, select the "Bonus" option.
Go to the first level, press Start to pause game play, and enter the "Scrapbook" screen. Then, press Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B, Up(5). The phrase "That's what I call spreading joy" will be spoken to confirm correct code entry.
Go to the first level, press Start to pause game play, and enter the "Scrapbook" screen. Then, press Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B, Left, Up, A, B(6). A sound will confirm correct code entry.
Go to First Level,press start to pause game, and enter the "Scrapbook" screen, then press Left, Up, A, B six times.
To get past the Far Far Away level, you need to go to a mission that you have already completed. Once you are talking to the King and menu with "Yes", "No", and "Next Level" appears, choose "Next Level". Note: You may need to complete all of the missions and/or collect all or some of the Magic Beans for this to work.
He is first located in the Spooky Forest near some bats and a bridge. He is standing on a stump on a tree. The second time, he is located in the Walking The Path level. He is around the bridge where you meet the troll and save the goat. He is on the little piece of land when you jump off the bridge. You may need to use a high jumper to get to the other side. The last time you will see him is in the Prison Break level, where there is a troll and one of the Pork Chop Brothers is trapped in the cage. Take the ball, roll it up the hill, put it on the weigher, then roll the ball back down hill. It will bust open the gate. Then, go up the stairs to find him.
When playing the Cinderella mission in Far Far Away, play as Little Red. Throw her poison apples at Cinderella but do not detonate it. When a thug gets close to her, the apple will explode and blow any thugs close to her away if timed correctly.
Complete 59 missions.
If you were looking for Shrek 2 for Xbox cheats, then you might also want cheats for:


text:
Somerset — Traffic was expected to be re-routed for several hours Friday evening after a man was killed in a two-vehicle crash on Ky. 461, about 3 miles from the Ky. 80 intersection.
Apparently, the driver of a passenger car swerved into the path of a tractor-trailer, resulting in a head-on collision. The truck then veered off the road and hit a rock wall.
The driver of the passenger car was dead at the scene. The driver of the tractor-trailer was transported to Lake Cumberland Regional. Neither man has been identified.
More details to follow in the Commonwealth Journal.


text:
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 26 Years
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Medical School: Indiana University School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1988
Hospital Affiliations: Community Hospital East, IU Health North Hospital, Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital, IU Health University Hospital, Saint Vincent Carmel Hospital
Specialties: Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Appointments for details.
©2005-2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


text:
Faculty - Behavioral Neuroscience
Lara Ray [Edit Page]
Associate Professor
Ph. D., University of Colorado at Boulder
Behavioral Neuroscience
Contact Information
Office: 3214 FH
Phone: (310) 794-5383
E-mail: email@example.com
Research and Teaching Interests
I am interested in the etiology and treatment of substance use disorders, particularly alcohol abuse and dependence. My program of research focuses on the integration of clinical psychology, pharmacology, and behavioral genetics. I am especially interested in employing experimental designs to answer questions about mechanisms of risk and of treatment response for substance use disorders.
Representative Publications


text:
Mercenaries 2 – World in Flames
The first Mercenaries was a brilliant example of innovation within the relatively new "sandbox", Grand Theft Auto-inspired, genre. It was not just iteration on the idea like so many other lifeless clones. Set in North Korea, you were tasked with capturing (dead or alive, depending on how much you wanted to earn) a deck of cards worth of military leaders. The game was literally a huge playset of destructible objects, vehicles and intensely volatile weaponry, beautifully presented in a world where physics actually mattered and simply sniping a helicopter pilot out of his seat was worth the price of admission.
Mercenaries 2: World in Flames looks bigger and better in every conceivable way. From what I saw behind closed doors at last year's E3 and what was shown this year at GDC, Pandemic have taken their destructive approach to open-ended gaming to thrillingly ridiculous heights.
The entire campaign is available for online co-operatively play. I watched someone drop smoothly into another player's game, then together take down an absolutely MASSIVE off-shore oil rig(that's right, water won't kill you anymore). One player ran around laying C4 everywhere while the other commandeered a chopper - when all was ready, a cacophony of glass and exploding metal filled the screen, and what looked like an in-game square mile or so of chaos ensued. Crackdown on Xbox 360 introduced co-op to a sandbox game, but without a shared narrative experience it was ultimately a bit empty. Tackling terrorists in the Venezuelan jungles in actual missions should hopefully prove much more rewarding.
Perhaps the most inviting feature is the very tangible evolution of the entire free-form destruction concept. You can pick up gas cans and dribble a trail wherever you like, lighting it and watching the streaking inferno that ensues - just think of the hilarious and cruel possibilities. As demonstrated in one of the GDC walkthrough videos, you can strap C4 to the hood of a vehicle, drive towards a base and bail out while you set off the charge at the last second. Everything has been taken a step forward, as even jacking tanks, choppers, etc. now requires a more cinematic button-pressing sequence to accomplish.
Hopefully EA pushes the sequel more than LucasArts did with the first, especially since it's a generally ignored IP that could really have an impact on the industry. It's coming to PS2, PC and 360 in addition to PS3, so hopefully everyone will get to share in the fun when it ships later this year.


text:
|UFDC Home
|| Help
|Full Text
Weeks, Castilla M.; no address given, envelope postmarked
I arrived on the Isthmus of Panama on the 22 June 1906,
aboard a ship by the name of "Trent". From the ship we were
taken to the Paraiso Camp.
The following morning, equipped with picks and shovels we
were ready for manual labor. There were no roads, just foot
tracks along Paraiso, Pedro Miguel and Miraflores. It appears
as if things were just starting, we had to pave the way, build-
ing roads and tracks with very little equipment to do the-
It appears an If there were no natives around. Sanitation
was very poor, with very little shelter. It was nothing but
woodland, we were open to sun and rain. Things were so tough
on arrival that many were force to return to their homelands,
while others seek employment with private contractors. Many
had to cultivate on open lands, in order to have something to
live by.
The first four years Malaria was to its heights, with just
a few doctors and very little medicine, most of us had to refer
back to the old reliable Vest Indian home remedies.
The filling between Paraino and Pedro Miguel to Corozal,
was the most spaceable filling for western dump, receiving the
material from the canal.
The Panama Railroad Depot was located opposite the Spill-
way Bridge, until the new relocation in 1909. After the filling
we worked back and forth with the new relocation (Track Line).
A quarter mile from Gatun Failroad Station we laid the
first switch for the new relocation. The job became hazardous
when we got to the two mile area, this task involved the blast-
ing of hills with dynailite.
One Sunday morning, I had a vision and I did not go to work,
a gang of 30 men were carrying two carloads of dynamite, one box
Weeks, C. M.
fell off and the wheels ran over it and everyone was blasted to
bits. Only the supervisor Mr. C. G. Jones, the timekeeper and
myself were saved from the explosion. Fortunately I did not
go to work that tragic morning. I must say, it was only
through prayers and the worked of GOD that stopped me from going
to work day.
The new relocation was completed in time to greet President
Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. Going back to 1906 when I arrived
in Panama, the President of Panama was Belisario Parras. From
Paraiso to Cvvozal they were only foot tracks approximately two
feet wide. There was no electricity, the streets were lumin-
ated with Kerosene Lamp Posts and horse and buggy were the only
means of transportation.
Panama City was extended as far as Casinov Bella Vista,
San Francisco, Vista Hermosa, Sabanas, Pueble Nuevo, Rio Abajo,
Old Panama, Juan Diaz, Pedregal and many other towns in the
outskirts were nothing but woodland.
In those days they were no law or order in Panama, you
might take a walk to see what the City looks like, and find
yourself in jail without committing an infraction. Not knowing
the native language or the native knowing your language, you
was thrown in jail without any consideration with fines beyond
your earnings.
Henceforth, many of us were forced to keep out of Panama
City in order not to get involved.
After working a short period of time clearing the woodland
in Portobelo, I was hit by malariaa for approximately 4 days in
the Colon Hospital. After survival, I began to work for the
Maintenance Division as a grass barber. My first Quartermaster
was Mr. Pat Morgan, who died recently. After things began to
shape up, I started to work for Mr. F. A. CARTER, Municipal
Division, where I-worked until I was retired on 15 February


text:
By RONNIE ELLIS
CNHI News Service
BEREA — It was supposed to be easier for Democratic Congressman Ben Chandler this time around.
After squeaking out a 648-vote win over Republican challenger Andy Barr during the 2010 Republican wave, the 6th District was redrawn, adding Democratic registered voters in the east and shaving off some reliably Republican areas in the southwestern portion of the district.
But it hasn't worked out that way – the race this year between the same candidates appears to be close, very close.
"It's kind of like two years ago," when the race tightened noticeably toward the end, said Barr this weekend. "We feel like we have even more momentum this time than two years ago."
Chandler said he's always expected a tight race, even though earlier in the campaign he touted internal polling he said showed him with comfortable double-digit leads.
"We expected all along it would tighten as it came down to the wire," Chandler said Thursday as he handed out food items to children in the lunch line at Silver Creek.
While Barr was busy late last week addressing civic groups, one might wonder why Chandler was spending time at an elementary school where most of the people he met are too young to vote.
"They'll go home and tell Mom and Dad," said Karen Farmer, a full-time substitute at the school. Farmer said she is registered Republican and her husband works for a utility company making coal a key issue for her.
It's an issue Barr has tried to make central to the campaign, although there are no active mines in the district. But many coal interests live in central Kentucky and those newly added eastern counties have ties to coal. Perhaps more importantly, coal interests have donated heavily to Barr's campaign.
"Oh yes, coal is important to me," Farmer said. Who declined to say how she'll vote. "Because my husband works for the electrical co-op and as they like to say: coal keeps the lights on."
While Barr has emphasized coal – and a vote by Chandler for a "cap-and-trade" bill in the U.S. House that never got out of the Senate – Chandler has tried to link Barr with Republican plans to scale back Medicare and Social Security.
Chandler said he voted for the cap-and-trade bill because it contained funding for "clean coal" research he said would have benefited the industry and he says he's supported other coal friendly legislation. But Barr has hit him with ads – along with others paid for by outside Republican and coal groups – saying he and President Barack Obama have "declared war on coal" and "devastated the industry."
Chandler responds by saying Barr supports efforts by Republican Vice Presidential nominee Paul Ryan to "voucher-ize" Medicare and attacking Barr's integrity with an ad focusing on Barr's failure to disclose on state government job applications an arrest while in college for using a fake i.d. while on vacation in Florida.
Theresia Lewis, a second-grade teacher at Silver Creek Elementary, said the negative ads by the two candidates haven't persuaded her how to vote.
"Not particularly," she said during a lunch break at the school when asked if the ads had any effect. "I know how all that propaganda works. I don't believe everything I hear."
Lewis' grandfather was a coal miner and coal is an important issue to her – but so are Medicare and Social Security, funding for education "and also the moral issues." She is registered Republican but described herself as a moderate on social issues and said in the end her vote will likely be decided by how the candidates talk about education.
"Education is my livelihood," Lewis said, adding she has sufficient experience and tenure that the level of support for education may not affect her personally, but she worries about younger teachers' futures and she worries about the education of the young children she teaches.
"But at this point, I'm not really decided," Lewis said.
Lewis is one of the voters Barr and Chandler will be talking to Monday night when they meet for their only face-to-face debate on Kentucky Education Television – along with independent candidate Randolph Vance.
Barr has criticized Chandler for avoiding debates. Chandler responds that relatively few people attend the local debates Barr wanted but the KET debate will be broadcast throughout the central Kentucky district.
It's likely the two will try to hammer home their campaign themes: coal and government debt from Barr and Medicare cuts proposed by Ryan and Republicans and his own support for the auto bailout from Chandler who notes there are 50,000 more auto-related jobs in Kentucky than coal jobs.
Barr criticizes the bailout because it used government funding to keep GM and Chrysler afloat while going through bankruptcy. He said such financing could have been provided by the government without "taking an ownership position" in the companies – although that's hard to distinguish from what the Obama plan actually did.
Chandler said he was asked by Toyota – which employs about 8,000 auto workers at its Georgetown plant – to support the bill because manufacturers like Toyota and Ford which weren't part of the bailout feared their supply chains would collapse of GM and Chrysler went under.
RONNIE ELLIS writes for CNHI News Service and is based in Frankfort. Reach him at email@example.com. Follow CNHI News Service stories on Twitter at www.twitter.com/cnhifrankfort.


text:
I have covered a lot of great Pinots this year!
To me, it is one of the best red wines to consider for Thanksgiving dinner. It is very food friendly and versatile and has less punch than Zinfandel. I prefer Zinfandel at the end of the evening when gathering around the fireplace and catching up with relatives. Listed below are a few great Pinot choices to consider for your Thanksgiving dinner.
We will start with Merry Edwards. Her 2009 offerings were all at the top of their game. If you can find one of her top rated Pinots, you will have one of the best dinners you can remember and your relatives will still be talking about the wine on Monday morning. We will start with the 2009 Merry Edwards "Meredith Estate" Pinot Noir for $57. I awarded this wine 97 points. According to Merry's website, the winery still has a limited amount of this wine left. You should call them right now. It displays an absolutely delicious blackberry and mild black raspberry flavor profile with some nicely integrated oak and hints of black plum. It finishes with elegant fine tannins that drift away nicely. It would be perfect with turkey, cranberry and all the fixings. If you can't get or find the Meredith, then look for the 2009 Merry Edwards "Russian River Valley" Pinot Noir for $42. She makes more of this wine and it is still available locally. This offering is full-bodied, balanced and juicy. The flavor profile is a rich black raspberry jam with notes of red beet and old oak. I also detected a hint red cherry. I scored this wine 90 points.
Here are a few other Pinots to consider. The 2009 Evening Land "Seven Spring Vineyard" Pinot Noir for $45 is a real gem. If you can find a bottle or two of this one, grab them! I think Colonial Spirits may be able to get some. This wine was my favorite at a mini-tasting of Oregon Pinots at this year's bloggers conference in Portland. It is medium-bodied and smooth as silk, making it perfect for Thanksgiving dinner. I loved its very tasty mild red currant flavors with hints of pomegranate and gently infused old oak. This is truly a yummy Pinot that will really impress your family and friends.
Another very impressive Pinot is the 2010 Breggo from the "Anderson Valley." At 92 points and $38, it is an absolute steal. Like the Evening Land, this offering is very smooth and silky. I loved its yummy black cherry flavors with notes of cola and strawberry. It finishes dry and its fine tannins drift away nicely. If your dinner includes some smoked salmon as an appetizer, this Pinot would be perfect. It would also serve you well with the turkey and stuffing. Another 92 pointer that you can get via Colonial Spirits is the 2008 Domaine Serene "Evenstad Reserve" Pinot for $65. This Oregon Pinot is very impressive. It delivers a fragrant and inviting black cherry and cola bouquet. On the palate, it is very well balanced and smooth. I really like its tasty mild black currant flavors with hints of old oak and black plum.
My favorite 91 pointer that I know Colonial has in stock is the 2010 Hamilton Russell "Hemel en Aarde" Pinot Noir. This wine is from South Africa and is consistently the leading Pinot from that country. The 2010 displays very tasty smoky oak infused plum flavors with a hint of mild anise. It is for a reader who likes an Old-World styled Pinot. It will go well with the turkey and stuffing or a sage and thyme seasoned pork tenderloin.
My next two offerings are 90 pointers. The 2009 Siduri "Sta Rita Hills" Pinot for $29 is consistently very good. It also turned out to be one of the best deals in our first big blind tasting. It opens with a fragrant strawberry bouquet with a hint of cherry, cigar box and earth. It is medium-bodied and juicy with tasty plum flavors with notes of red currant with a hint of old oak and cherry cola. It finishes with dusty moderate tannins that are nicely prolonged. Colonial Spirits has this wine in stock. The 2010 Van Duzer "Estate" Pinot from Oregon is approachable and another very easy to drink Pinot. I enjoyed this wine at the bloggers conference in Portland this summer. It has tasty mild plum flavors with hints of mild minerality and light oak. It finishes dry and its fine tannins drift away nicely over a long period of time. It runs for about $30 a bottle.
Our last three offerings all scored in the high eighties. The key here is they are all priced right around $20 or less which is rare for a Very Good Pinot. The 2010 "Decoy" Pinot Noir from Duckhorn is very good and reasonably priced at $22. It is medium-bodied, juicy and easy going. I enjoyed its ripe strawberry and old oak flavors that blended nicely with notes of black cherry, black raspberry, and some black pepper. It is elegant and friendly and would make a nice Thanksgiving wine. I scored this wine 89 points.
The best deal by far is the 2010 Saint Clair "Vicar's Choice" Pinot Noir for $16. This 88 pointer hails from Marlborough, New Zealand. It is a terrific wine for the money. I found it to be medium-bodied, balanced, and pretty easy going. Its flavor profile was black cherry with hints of red currant and a touch of old oak and minerality. This Pinot is versatile, food friendly, and will pair well with many foods at your Thanksgiving day meal.
We wrap up with the 2010 Kendall Jackson "Vintner's Reserve" Pinot Noir. This offering is easy to find and reasonably priced at $20. This Pinot is very interesting and unique. It is medium-bodied and savory with smoky oak infused strawberry flavors. I also detected a hint of mild black cherry. The finish is dry and its mild old oak tannins linger for a little bit. This Pinot is a little more rustic and pairs well with comfort foods if you went that route for Thanksgiving or the day after.
All in all, I think you will find the above collection of Pinots will make your Thanksgiving Day dinner a delight. Many of the above wines are either available at Colonial Spirits or can be ordered by them this week in time for next week's feast. For the complete list of all the Pinots I have recommended this year, please Check out our Pinot Noir blog post. Happy Thanksgiving and cheers! - Ken


text:
The Emerging Technology team conducts research into technologies related to windows, skylights, and doors. These technologies can decrease energy demands, save money, and improve occupant thermal comfort. By working with industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders, the U.S. Department of Energy also seeks to improve the availability of these products in the market. Research in windows, skylights, and doors includes:
Daylighting and Shading
Daylighting and shading technologies alter the way that natural light affects a building, either by allowing more of it in (to light a room) or by preventing it from coming in. These technologies are important in that they allow building operators and managers to lower a building's lighting energy needs, as well as reducing the energy used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is focused on achieving energy savings by developing cost-effective daylighting and savings technology. DOE projects related to daylighting and shading include:
- Advanced Dynamic Windows
- Energy and Daylighting Assessment of Suntuitive™ Thermochromic Window Systems
- High Rate Electrochromic Coatings
- New Electrochromic Window Factories
Glazings and Films
Glazings and films are attached to windows to improve thermal performance. These technologies provide a level of insulation, regulating the amount of heat that sunlight generates through the window while reducing heat loss from a room to the outside.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is focused on achieving energy savings by developing cost-effective glazings and films. DOE projects related to glazings and films include:
- Low-Emissivity Energy-Control Retrofit Window Film
- Polymeric Multilayer Infrared Reflecting Film Development
Highly Insulating Windows
Windows play a significant role in a building's energy use. They have to provide visibility and let in light while also regulating the amount of heat that enters or exist the room. The development of highly insulating windows provides building owners and operators with an energy efficient option to controlling heating and cooling expenses.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is working on the development of more energy efficient windows that provide better insulation and strength, as well as promoting manufacturing processes that can reduce their cost. DOE projects related to highly insulating windows include:
- High Reliability R-10 Windows Using Vacuum Insulating Glass Units
- Highly Insulating Commercial Window with High Structural Value
- Low-Cost Highly Insulating Window with High Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
- Automated Triple Insulating Glass Unit Production Research Project
Window Attachments
Window attachments provide building owners and operators a number of different benefits. Attachments can provide security, reduce glare or increase shading, or improve thermal efficiency, and do not require the replacement of an existing window.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting research into window attachments, including the Commercial Low-E Storm Window Retrofit System project.


text:
Jayann Freidhoff and Jim Christiana were married Aug. 11, 2012, at First Presbyterian Church, Beaver, Pa.
Pastor Jeff Arnold performed the double ring ceremony.
The bride is the daughter of Kurt and Kathy Freidhoff of Johnstown.
The groom is the son of Randy and Kathy Eckelberger of Center, Pa., and Jim and Barb Christiana of Carey, N.C.
Presented in marriage by her father, the bride was attended by Tonimarie Collins as matron of honor.
Bridesmaids were Jill Ling and Karen Shaffer, sisters of the bride; Randi Eckelberger, sister of the groom; Jennifer Morris, cousin of the bride; Kristen Katawczik; Kristy Guillarmod; and Megan Brown.
Nick Freidhoff, brother of the bride, was the best man.
Groomsmen were Josh Eckelberger, brother of the groom; Scott Wolford; Ryan Jaczesko; Greg Martin; Jon Kaufman; Dan Mastalski; and Tommy
Taylor Ling, niece of the bride, was the flower girl.
Nathaniel Ling, nephew of the bride, was the ringbearer.
A reception was held at Heinz Field, Pittsburgh.
The bride is a 2002 graduate of Conemaugh Valley High School and a 2006 graduate of Washington & Jefferson College.
She is employed by BYN Mellon in FX sales.
The groom is a 2002 graduate of Beaver High School and a 2006 graduate of Washington & Jefferson College.
He is a Pennsylvania state representative in the 15th District.
The newlyweds reside in Beaver.
Click here to subscribe to The Tribune-Democrat print edition.
Click here to subscribe to The Tribune-Democrat e-edition.


text:
Cocurricular Competitions
Vermont Law School offers numerous opportunities for students to compete in a broad range of legal skills through four cocurricular intramural moot court competitions: the Client Counseling competition, the Negotiation competition, the Moot Court Advisory Board competitions, and the Trial Advocacy Mock Trial competition. Each of these competitions allows the most successful participants to continue on to regional and national competitions.
Client Counseling Competition
The Client Counseling Competition, sponsored by the ABA Law Student Division, is open to members of the Dispute Resolution Society. To be effective interviewers, advisers and counselors, lawyers need to recognize and appreciate the client, not just as a legal problem, but as a person with a legal problem. The Client Counseling Competition challenges students to hone their interviewing skills by conducting an initial "client" interview with only a general idea of what area of law will be encountered. Two-person teams conduct the interview, gathering information, advising the client, planning for additional work, and closing an agreement to proceed. At least two judges evaluate each interview session. The first phase of the intramural competition selects the team that will represent VLS in the regional competition. The first and second place teams at the regional competition are invited to the national competition.
Securities Dispute Resolution Triathlon
The Securities Dispute Resolution Triathlon is sponsored by St. John's University School of Law. One three-person team is selected through the VLS intramural Negotiation Competition to compete against teams from 22 law schools. Teams compete in each part of the three-section competition: negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Winners are selected from each section. The competition focuses on a securities case as it unfolds through negotiation, mediation, and arbitration sessions. In 2010, the VLS team won the negotiations section of the event-the first time VLS sent a team to compete and the only all-woman team at the competition.
Negotiation Competition
The Negotiation Competition is an ABA Law Student Division sponsored event open to members of the Dispute Resolution Society (DRS). It provides students with an opportunity to learn and practice how to resolve conflict in a non-adversarial setting. They learn negotiation skills and strategies, and gather valuable experience in an essential area of legal practice. The first phase of the intramural competition selects the two teams that will represent VLS in the regional competition and one team that will compete in the Securities Triathlon at St. John's University. The first and second-place teams at the regional Negotiation Competition are invited to the national competition.
Debevoise/Costle/Jessup Moot Court Competition
The Moot Court Advisory Board is a student operated organization that yearly sends students to compete in national competitions. Members of the organization are selected from Appellate Advocacy courses, and then are required to a take Advanced Appellate Advocacy. During the Advanced Appellate Advocacy course, students will refine their writing and oral advocacy skills under the supervision of two professors and the organization's student coaches. In addition, at the end of the course, students must argue a pending United States Supreme Court case both on-brief and off-brief in a tournament styled competition. The finalists of the competition will argue their last round before the Vermont Supreme Court. The top nine competitors will participate on their choice of one of the following national teams: the National Moot Court Competition sponsored by the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, the National Environmental Moot Court Competition held at Pace University in White Plains, New York, and the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition sponsored by the International Law Students Association. A total of 24 students will represent the Moot Court Advisory Board. Twelve students comprise the teams, and the remaining twelve students represent the board.
Trial Advocacy Competition
The Trial Advocacy Mock Trial Competition is an intramural mock trial in which students act as lawyers and witnesses, and local attorneys act as judges. This competition is designed to expand opportunities for students interested in gaining litigating experience in law school. The intramural tournament exposes students to the trial process and allows them to gain valuable insight from experienced trial attorneys. The students argue once as prosecution and once as defense over the course of three nights. Local attorneys serve as trial judges, issuing rulings on motions, objections, and evidentiary questions. Normally, two judges sit on the bench, with one judge ruling during the prosecution's case-in-chief and the other judge ruling during the defense's case-in-chief. The 16 individuals with the highest score earn the right to compete for a spot on the National Mock Trial Team.


text:
The state Public Disclosure Commission has sent a letter to Thurston County Assessor Steven Drew, saying it lacks enough evidence to investigate one of two illegal campaigning claims brought against him by county staffers.
The letter, which Drew said he received Tuesday, appears to end the PDC's inquiry into the accusation that Drew asked one of his division managers to look into a matter involving Republican county Auditor Kim Wyman's office for political purposes. Drew's wife, Kathleen, is the Democrat running against Wyman for secretary of state.
PDC spokeswoman Lori Anderson declined to release copies of the letter on grounds that it is part of an ongoing investigation. But she said Drew was free to share anything he had received, and the Democratic assessor showed a copy to The Olympian.
The letter – from Phil Stutzman, compliance director for the PDC – says the agency will not investigate the allegation brought by the division manager, Lynn Richard. "There was insufficient evidence of a material violation to warrant an investigation of this allegation," Stutzman wrote.
But the PDC, according to the same letter, is looking into a complaint that Steven Drew urged his top managers during a Feb. 9 meeting to donate to Thurston County Commissioner Sandra Romero's re-election campaign.
Drew has apologized for his comments, saying Tuesday that he knows he erred in his comments to staff about supporting Romero's candidacy and expects to take his lumps, and possibly a fine.
But he insists there was never a basis for the claim that he used his office to further his wife's political campaign, an allegation he called "ridiculous."
According to the complaint, Drew allegedly told Richard to look into a vendor's concern that Wyman's office was not collecting certain fees and suggested the findings could be helpful to his wife, Kathleen.
He said Tuesday: "I have no knowledge of any problem in the auditor's office over collecting fees or anything.''
He also said that the questions surrounding the allegation were unfairly tarnishing the auditor. Wyman herself complained this week that any implication there was misconduct by her office was inaccurate.
Reached Wednesday, Richard said she had no comment except that she stands by the complaint statement filed by Thurston County with the PDC.
Campaign finance reports list Richard as the donor of $50 to Wyman's campaign. "Yes, I have given to certain campaigns, but it has nothing to do with the work that I do," Richard said. "I keep politics out of the email@example.com 360-753-1688 theolympian.com/politicsblog


text:
Funeral services for Linda L. Green Alton, Jeffersonville, will be at 10 a.m. Friday, Oct. 11, at Newcomer Funeral Home, New Albany, with burial in Tunnel Hill Cemetery, Edwardsville. She entered eternal peace on Monday, Oct. 7, 2013, with members of her family by her side.
She was an employee of New Albany/Floyd County School System and worked in the Bakery Department of Floyd Central High School for 17 years before she retired. She enjoyed spending time with her family and friends, traveling, and listening to Elvis.
She is survived by her children, Jeff Alton, 47, Jeffersonville, Joey Alton, 43, of Mt. Washington, Ky., and Dena Werle, 42, Sellersburg; and five grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Charles Alton; and her parents, Orville and Laverne Green.
Visitation will be from 1 to 8 p.m. Thursday, at Newcomer Funeral Home, New Albany.
To leave a special message for the family, please visit www.newcomerindiana.com.


text:
Cellar/Tasting Notes Tasted from a half bottle, the rich and complex flavors of Brut La Française show just that extra touch of maturity. The wine has peach and almond flavors that contrast well with the taut, nervy edge. It's full in the mouth and ripe, and works well both as an apéritif and a food Champagne.
Cellar/Tasting Notes "... The 2004 is all about minerality, precision and tension. ... its crystalline purity and sheer energy. Bright hints of lemon oil, white flowers and crushed rocks are layered into the pointed, vibrant finish."


text:
Shop NFL Apparel and Merchandise at CBSSports.com Shop
Buy NFL Apparel, Jerseys and Nike Football Merchandise at CBSSports.com Shop
CBSSports.com Shop - Everything Sports! Football fans, shop our comprehensive collection of officially licensed NFL apparel and merchandise. We stock the top styles in NFL gear for the biggest football fans featuring NFL jerseys, hats, t-shirts and sweatshirts for men, women and kids. Are you ready for summer? We stock licensed NFL beach apparel to keep you looking like a true fan including NFL tank tops, swimwear and flip flops with official NFL team logos and colors. Shop our extensive selection of NFL gear that includes accessories, apparel, automotive gear and home decor! We have the newest and most popular items featuring NFL Zubaz and NFL zombie gnomes. Find your team, pick your size and gear up in the latest NFL merchandise and apparel from CBSSports.com Shop where 3 day shipping is just $4.99 on your entire order.


text:
Lincoln Fire and Rescue crews responded to a rollover crash late Sunday night.
It happened in the 900 Block of North 24th Street just after 9:00 p.m. LPD said when officers got to the scene, they found a truck on its side on top of a pile of wood in Lincoln Lumber Company.
After an initial investigation LPD determined the driver of the truck was driving on the MOPAC trail, then hit a pile of dirt launching the truck into the air and into the Lincoln Lumber Company property.
The driver of the truck was taken to Bryan West Campus with non-life threatening injuries.
Police say alcohol likely played a factor in the crash.


text:
""Ever since you were a kid you always wanted to try it""... So when was the last time you indulged yourself with doing something just FUN and FOR YOU? And perhaps, when you wanted to bring a friend, a buddy or share an adventure with your teen or adult children to just hang out and relax with?
The most common question folks ask when they stop in is:
Do I need to be a good swimmer? I don't have much free time to take a lot of classes? Isn't it expensive?
SCUBA DIVING only requires that you feel comfortable in the water, not an olympic athlete. We teach lots of pre-teens up through retired seniors. The most popular class format is 2 weekends:
1st weekend Sat/Sun includes all the pool and classroom training; however there are scheduling options with home/DVD self study for the class portion. Private schedules are always available.
2nd weekend includes the Open Water Training dives, and these can be arranged for local area (spring through fall), or at your winter vacation destination resort.
Over the years many families have grown into their own little ''scuba tribe'', with extended family members that have relocated across the country, rallying to come together at a dive destination vacation! Of course we must remember that MICHIGAN hosts some of the best shipwreck diving in the world. We have local area charters available for groups up to 8. Divers and snorkelers have found that the cost for purchasing their own equipment is the same as any other sport, often less compared to skiing, biking, golfing, snowboarding, hockey....usually much less, and more FUN & RELAXING~
HOLIDAY SPECIALS good through December 31, 2013:
- Scuba Diver Certification Course -Complete Regular $390 >$350
- Advanced Open Water Course - Regular $275 > $225
- 15% OFF all Gift Certificates
Class schedule updated regularly on our website, SCS Patch & www.nauticalmile.org
Stop in soon or call: 586-779-8777
Come learn with me, come play with me, come dive with me! You've always wanted to try it~
Mike Wrubel - MASTER INSTRUCTOR P.A.D.I


text:
Color space
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2007)
A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components (e.g. RGB and CMYK are color models). However, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with no connection to any globally understood system of color interpretation.
Adding a certain mapping function between the color model and a certain reference color space results in a definite "footprint" within the reference color space. This "footprint" is known as a gamut, and, in combination with the color model, defines a new color space. For example, Adobe RGB and sRGB are two different absolute color spaces, both based on the RGB model.
In the most generic sense of the definition above, color spaces can be defined without the use of a color model. These spaces, such as Pantone, are in effect a given set of names or numbers which are defined by the existence of a corresponding set of physical color swatches. This article focuses on the mathematical model concept.
Understanding the concept[edit]
A wide range of colors can be created by the subtractive primary colors of pigment (cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K)). Those colors then define a specific color space. To create a three-dimensional representation of a color space, we can assign the amount of magenta color to the representation's X axis, the amount of cyan to its Y axis, and the amount of yellow to its Z axis. The resulting 3-D space provides a unique position for every possible color that can be created by combining those three pigments.
However, this is not the only possible color space. For instance, when colors are displayed on a computer monitor, they are usually defined in the RGB (red, green and blue) color space. This is another way of making nearly the same colors (limited by the reproduction medium, such as the phosphor (CRT) or filters and backlight (LCD)), and red, green and blue can be considered as the X, Y and Z axes. Another way of making the same colors is to use their Hue (X axis), their Saturation (Y axis), and their brightness Value (Z axis). This is called the HSV color space. Many color spaces can be represented as three-dimensional (X,Y,Z) values in this manner, but some have more, or fewer dimensions, and some, such as Pantone, cannot be represented in this way at all.
When formally defining a color space, the usual reference standard is the CIELAB or CIEXYZ color spaces, which were specifically designed to encompass all colors the average human can see.
Since "color space" is a more specific term for a certain combination of a color model plus a mapping function, the term "color space" tends to be used to also identify color models, since identifying a color space automatically identifies the associated color model. Informally, the two terms are often used interchangeably, though this is strictly incorrect. For example, although several specific color spaces are based on the RGB model, there is no such thing as the RGB color space.
Since any color space defines colors as a function of the absolute reference frame, color spaces, along with device profiling, allow reproducible representations of color, in both analogue and digital representations.
Color space conversion is the translation of the representation of a color from one basis to another. This typically occurs in the context of converting an image that is represented in one color space to another color space, the goal being to make the translated image look as similar as possible to the original.
The RGB color model is implemented in different ways, depending on the capabilities of the system used. By far the most common general-used incarnation as of 2006[update] is the 24-bit implementation, with 8 bits, or 256 discrete levels of color per channel. Any color space based on such a 24-bit RGB model is thus limited to a range of 256×256×256 ≈ 16.7 million colors. Some implementations use 16 bits per component for 48 bits total, resulting in the same gamut with a larger number of distinct colors. This is especially important when working with wide-gamut color spaces (where most of the more common colors are located relatively close together), or when a large number of digital filtering algorithms are used consecutively. The same principle applies for any color space based on the same color model, but implemented in different bit depths.
Partial list of color spaces[edit]
CIE 1931 XYZ color space was one of the first attempts to produce a color space based on measurements of human color perception (earlier efforts were by James Clerk Maxwell, König & Dieterici, and Abney at Imperial College)[1] and it is the basis for almost all other color spaces. The CIERGB color space is a linearly-related companion of CIE XYZ. Additional derivatives of CIE XYZ include the CIELUV, CIEUVW, and CIELAB.
Generic color models[edit]
RGB uses additive color mixing, because it describes what kind of light needs to be emitted to produce a given color. RGB stores individual values for red, green and blue. RGBA is RGB with an additional channel, alpha, to indicate transparency.
Common color spaces based on the RGB model include sRGB, Adobe RGB, ProPhoto RGB, scRGB, and CIE RGB.
CMYK uses subtractive color mixing used in the printing process, because it describes what kind of inks need to be applied so the light reflected from the substrate and through the inks produces a given color. One starts with a white substrate (canvas, page, etc.), and uses ink to subtract color from white to create an image. CMYK stores ink values for cyan, magenta, yellow and black. There are many CMYK color spaces for different sets of inks, substrates, and press characteristics (which change the dot gain or transfer function for each ink and thus change the appearance).
YIQ was formerly used in NTSC (North America, Japan and elsewhere) television broadcasts for historical reasons. This system stores a luma value roughly analogous to (and sometimes misidentified as)[2][3] luminance, along with two chroma values as approximate representations of the relative amounts of blue and red in the color. It is similar to the YUV scheme used in most video capture systems[4] and in PAL (Australia, Europe, except France, which uses SECAM) television, except that the YIQ color space is rotated 33° with respect to the YUV color space and the color axes are swapped. The YDbDr scheme used by SECAM television is rotated in another way.
YPbPr is a scaled version of YUV. It is most commonly seen in its digital form, YCbCr, used widely in video and image compression schemes such as MPEG and JPEG.
xvYCC is a new international digital video color space standard published by the IEC (IEC 61966-2-4). It is based on the ITU BT.601 and BT.709 standards but extends the gamut beyond the R/G/B primaries specified in those standards.
HSV (hue, saturation, value), also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness) is often used by artists because it is often more natural to think about a color in terms of hue and saturation than in terms of additive or subtractive color components. HSV is a transformation of an RGB colorspace, and its components and colorimetry are relative to the RGB colorspace from which it was derived.
HSL (hue, saturation, lightness/luminance), also known as HLS or HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) is quite similar to HSV, with "lightness" replacing "brightness". The difference is that the brightness of a pure color is equal to the brightness of white, while the lightness of a pure color is equal to the lightness of a medium gray.
Commercial color spaces[edit]
Special-purpose color spaces[edit]
- The RG Chromaticity space is used in Computer vision applications. It shows the color of light (red, yellow, green etc.), but not its intensity (dark, bright).
- The TSL color space (Tint, Saturation and Luminance) is used in face detection.
Obsolete color spaces[edit]
Early color spaces had two components. They largely ignored blue light because the added complexity of a 3-component process provided only a marginal increase in fidelity when compared to the jump from monochrome to 2-component color.
- RG for early Technicolor film
- RGK for early color printing
See also[edit]
- ^ William David Wright, 50 years of the 1931 CIE Standard Observer. Die Farbe, 29:4/6 (1981).
- ^ Charles Poynton, "YUV and 'luminance' considered harmful: a plea for precise terminology in video," online, author-edited version of Appendix A of Charles Poynton, Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces, Morgan–Kaufmann, 2003. online
- ^ Charles Poynton, Constant Luminance, 2004
- ^ Dean Anderson. "Color Spaces in Frame Grabbers: RGB vs. YUV". Retrieved 2008-04-08.
3. www.iscc.org/aic2001/abstracts/poster/Zoch.doc
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Color spaces.
- Color FAQ, Charles Poynton
- FAQ about color physics, Stephen Westland
- Color Science, Dan Bruton
- Color Spaces, Rolf G. Kuehni (October 2003)
- Colour spaces – perceptual, historical and applicational background, Marko Tkalčič (2003)
- Color formats for image and video processing – Color conversion between RGB, YUV, YCbCr and YPbPr.
- C library of SSE-optimised color format conversions.
- Konica Minolta Sensing: Precise Color Communication