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(Originally published in Slavic Review, vol. 23, no.2, June 1964, pp.309–327. This article is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.)
Although, before the First World War, Slavic affairs received but little attention in the United States, libraries were in this respect somewhat ahead of the times and started building their collections at a relatively early juncture. It is true that in 1901 Herbert Putnam, then Librarian of Congress, found that the Library proper could count only 569 Russian and 97 Polish books among its own holdings. The Russian collection, he commented, "has few of the original authorities, and is weak in modern descriptive works. On the history of Russia and on the Crimean War [there are] only a few of the principal authorities." Yet pursuant to an act of Congress passed in 1866, the Library held in deposit, though not in ownership, a more substantial if not very appreciable set of publications which had been received by the Smithsonian Institution in exchange for materials supplied to learned institutions in East and East Central Europe.
The real starting date of a more systematic buildup of the Library's collections was 1907, when the private library of some 80,000 books of Gennadii Vasil'evich Yudin arrived at the Library of Congress, packed in 500 crates which had traveled for several months from Krasnoyarsk in Siberia across European Russia and to Hamburg. Yudin was a colorful man and a successful merchant who had amassed a sizable fortune in liquor distilleries, gold mines, and real estate ventures, which was augmented by large winnings in government lotteries. Parenthetically, in a brief autobiographic sketch, Yudin once remarked that he did not share the then prevailing Russian opinion that "working in the liquor business on a large scale in an honest way for 40 years is derogatory," and he added, with approval, that Chancellor Bismarck had once stated in conclusion of his speech to the Reichstag, "Ich bin selbst ein Schnapsfabrikant" [I'm a distiller myself]. Since his youth Yudin had shown a consuming interest in books, and much time in his mature years was given to book-collecting and bibliophilism. By selling his famous collection to the Library of Congress for so nominal a sum as to make the acquisition virtually a gift, Mr. Yudin wished to contribute to closer relations between Russia and the United States and to make his library accessible to the "world of science," for, as he put it, he did "not know a more honored place for it than the American national library."
The particular strength of this collection lies in Russian history, literature, and bibliography, including the important works of Russian historians and critics, from Tatishchev and Karamzin to Soloviev and Kliuchevsky, complete works from Kantemir to Chekhov and Korolenko, and full sets of Russian bibliographical journals. Also included is a veritable wealth of Russian government documents and society publications, such as the Sbornik of the Imperial Russian Historical Society, the Chteniia of the Moscow Society of Russian History and Antiquities, the Russkaia starina, and the Istoricheskii vestnik. Of special historical interest are manuscript materials on Russian explorations of the Pacific Ocean and Pacific Coast and on Russian settlers of the North American west coast and of Alaska.
A few footnotes may be added to the history of the famous Yudin library, which no longer exists as a separate unit, having been absorbed to a large extent by the general collections. Lenin, in a letter written during his exile in Siberia in March, 1897, commented: "Yesterday I went to the local and famous library belonging to Yudin, who welcomed me and showed me his book treasures. He gave me permission to study in the library. . . it is a remarkable collection of books. . . . I hope I shall be able to use them for the references necessary for my work. . . ." It is perhaps a tribute to the significance of this collection that even today its history continues to attract the attention of historians and bibliographers. In recent years several studies have been published in the Soviet Union which, while adding some new details to the otherwise well-known story, unfortunately are marred by occasional excursions into the realm of propaganda and fantasy. Thus one author in discussing the background of the acquisition of the collection by the Library of Congress claims that this "operation, a sort of intelligence maneuver, was carried out with impunity by the American agents" under the auspices of Mr. Herbert Hoover and that Mr. Yudin "became willy-nilly a participant in the crime against the Motherland and the people."
Since these beginnings, the Library's Russian and East and East Central European collections have made rapid strides owing to extensive acquisitions efforts. At the end of the First World War a substantial collection of Russian materials particularly rich in emigre publications was donated by the Embassy of the Russian Provisional Government. In 1931 a portion of the Winter Palace Library of Tsar Nicholas II, consisting of more than 2,000 volumes on Russian administrative, military, and social history, was put up for sale by the Soviet government, and the Library of Congress eventually succeeded in purchasing them. Many books in this unique collection are de luxe copies in sumptuous bindings especially made for presentation to the tsar. Others represent rare administrative and legal documents, often of a semiconfidential nature, which throw light on political developments during the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II. Between the two World Wars and particularly in the wake of World War II, a vast network of exchanges was developed which ensures the receipt from Soviet and East European areas of a multitude of important documents and materials issued by governmental agencies, as well as by scholarly and academic organizations. As a result, nearly 1,250 exchange agreements are currently in effect, and a widespread system of book dealers and supply agencies ensures the purchase of wanted materials — all in the interest of expanding the collections and keeping them up to date. Private donations and transfers from government agencies also contribute to the steady influx of materials. Thus the 93,000-item collection of the former United States Legation in Riga, chiefly composed of reference books and files of periodicals and newspapers, was received by the Library.
It goes without saying that the postwar developments which made imperative a rapid expansion of the store of knowledge concerning the area under review have given a powerful impetus to the growth of the Library's related activities. Organizationally, this trend was reflected in the establishment of the Slavic and Central European Division, in 1951, as a specialized area reference and bibliographic center, with simultaneous responsibilities for selecting for acquisition all types of printed material in the humanities and social sciences. Thus the last decade witnessed the development of a consistent and coherent procurement program for the entire Slavic and East European domain, with equitable emphasis on all the countries situated in this area.
At the turn of the 1950s the Library resources, probably the largest in the field outside the USSR, had grown to considerably more than 300,000 volumes of books, 16,000 periodicals, and 1,400 newspapers. These holdings are augmented at the annual rate of some 21,000 books, 5,000 current periodicals, and 450 current newspapers. At a conservative estimate, almost every fourth book published in East Europe now finds its way to the Library's shelves. Such a ratio would appear to be rather satisfactory, considering the fact that quite a few current publications on the book market of Eastern Europe are of narrowly local or ephemeral nature or represent unaltered re-editions, translations, and the like. And, above all, this level of coverage should ensure a representative, though necessarily selective, body of relevant information on the whole spectrum of knowledge published in this area, excluding clinical medicine and technical agriculture, which are not within the perimeter of the Library's acquisitions interests.
Paul H. Buck, distinguished scholar and director of Harvard's university libraries, remarked that "a well-selected collection can be more useful than one in which laborious excavation must penetrate mountains of trash in order to reach significant material." But about one century earlier, John Longdon Sibley, another librarian of Harvard, also said: "What is trash to me may be the part of the Library which will be the most valuable to another person." Here are the two sides of the coin — how to develop balanced collections by achieving the precarious state of equilibrium between "too much" and "too little." Attainment of the ideal goal would seem to presuppose not only the skill of gauging with precision the current demands made on the collections by a varied clientele but also the talent of clairvoyance to visualize demands to be made many years hence. In developing the Library's Slavic and East European collections, those who recommend materials endeavor to come as close as possible to the goal of satisfying the needs of the Congress and the government at large, as well as those of the scholarly community and the general user.
An important function of the Library's collection under review is to preserve and reflect, as far as possible, representative parts of the written and printed records of the cultural heritage of the peoples and societies concerned. Of necessity, only a few examples of the pièces de resistance of the past can be introduced here at random.
Antedating by almost one and a half centuries the earliest known native description of Russia by Kotoshikhin is an early travel account by Baron Sigismund von Herberstein, who as an envoy of the Emperor Maximilian I and Charles V visited Russia in 1516 and 1526 in order to mediate between Poland and Muscovy, then at war, and to win their support for action against the Turks. This fascinating document, of which the Library possesses the German edition published in Vienna in 1557, is remarkable not only as a handbook of encyclopedic reach for the Russia of that period, but also as an important source of information about the 1497 judicial code of the Grand Duke Vasilii, the first code of laws enacted in Muscovite Russia. Relics from the infancy of Russian printing are the Apostol (Acts of the Apostles) of 1564, the first dated and signed book in Muscovite Russia, printed by Ivan Fedorov and Peter Timofeev, official printers of Ivan the Terrible, who ordered the "Tsar's Printing Court" to be built in Moscow for the publishing of religious books; and the Ostrog Bible of 1581, also originating from the Fedorov press.
Particularly strong are the Library's collections in legal materials. Encompassing collections of statutes (Sobranie uzakonenii, Svod zakonov), court reports, annotated codes, and treatises on law and legal history. Noteworthy among them are Polnoe sobranie zakonov rossiiskoi imperii, in 202 volumes and 42 portfolios of drawings, spanning the period from 1649 to 1913; several thousands of pamphlets representing rulings of the sovereign and the government; decrees by the Empresses Elizabeth and Anne; and the first law book printed in Russia, in 1649, the Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in its first and second editions — a milestone in the codification of Russian laws. In the category of curiosa, mention should be made of the world"s smallest Russian book, a miniature copy of Ivan A. Krylov's Basni, printed in 1856 in St. Petersburg. Though measuring only 15/16 inch by 1 3/16 inches, it is typographically so well executed — largely because of lettering in gold used to increase the visibility — that good eyes can read it without the help of magnifying glasses. Russian manuscript materials include the records of the Alaska Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church; manuscripts relating to John Paul Jones, "the first American naval officer to set a tradition of victory" (as he is apostrophized in the Encyclopedia Americana), at the time when he was a rear admiral in the Russian Navy under Catherine the Great; and some of the papers of George Kennan relating to his visit to Russia in the 1880s. Making a leap in time to the more recent past, we find a collection of letters written by Maxim Gorky to the Russian poet and literary critic Vladislav Khodasevich in the early 1920s, when Gorky preferred to stay at a comfortable distance from the Soviet Union, in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Italy. Rachmaninoff devotees may like to know of the large collection of manuscripts, letters, and memorabilia presented to the Library in 1950 by the composer's widow.
In the field of Ukrainica, the Library is one of the leading repositories in the Americas. The strength of these materials, which began to reach the Library sporadically around 1870 and were augmented by some important items in the Yudin Collection, centers principally on history, literature, periodicals, and newspapers. In the latter category, particular reference should be made to a full set of Kievskaia starina for the years 1882–1906, to files, in varying completeness, of Kievlianin, Ukrainets, Osnova, Pravda (published in Lvov from 1869 to 1877), and the newspaper Kievskoe slovo (1899–1900). Among the oldest Ukrainian books in the Library are the ecclesiastic works, Euchologion albo molytvoslov ili trebnyk, edited by Peter Mohyla, Metropolitan of Kiev, and published in 1646, and Myr s Bohom (1669), a handsomely adorned Church Slavonic manual for confessors, instructing them on religious and legal matters connected with the imposition of church penalties. It was prepared by Innocentius Gisel, who was abbot of the Kiev Lavra Monastery, rector of its academy, and from 1656 to 1683 head of its press — the only one then existing in the Ukraine. Besides numerous works of Ukrainian writers and men of letters, the Library harbors an array of rara related to Taras Shevchenko, the great poet and artist. In commemorating in 1961 the centenary of his death, the Library of Congress displayed in an exhibit, inter alia, a rare edition of his famous collection of poems Kobzar', the first edition of his poem "Trizna," and the earliest known translation of his poetry into English, which appeared in the 1868 opening issue of the Alaska Herald in San Francisco.
In the 1950s the Library was fortunate enough to bring together into a rather unique collection Czech rarities which throw a revealing light on the Czech Renaissance and also on the succeeding century. One of the first imprints comes from the press of Mikuláš Konáč z Hodíštkova, the first Prague book printer in the sixteenth century to be influenced by the early Renaissance. This well-preserved volume, of which only one copy is recorded, bears the imprint (in translation) "Prague, at the White Lion, 1525," which is a reference to the name of the building where this printing shop was set up. This little book deals with an affirmation of a compromise arrangement, known under the name of the Compacts (Compactata), which were concluded in 1436 between the great ecumenical Council of Basel and the Hussite representatives. Other outstanding items in this collection are believed to be on the shelves of only a very few libraries outside Czechoslovakia. Kalendár hystorycký, by the humanist scholar Daniel Adam z Veleslavína, is a general history in calendar form issued by the famous press of Melantrich (whose original Czech name was Jirí Cerný Roždálovský) and is recognized as a valuable source of the cultural and political history of the sixteenth century. Last but not least, the 1596 one-volume edition of the Czech Brethren's Kralice Bible (Kralická Bible) is considered by many perhaps the most perfect Czech translation of the scriptures and has remained for centuries a model of Czech orthography and classical language. No less an authority than Comenius (Jan Amos Komenský) — until his death in 1670 bishop of the Unitas in exile — commented on it as follows: "As yet there are few nations that could listen in their native language to their sacred prophets and apostles speaking in words so truthful, sincere, and clear." Quite different elements of the Library's Czechoslovak resources are illustrated by a fine collection of manuscripts, monographs, and serials which, donated by Thomas Capek, a noted American-Czech author, provide interesting documentation of the history of the immigration of Czechs to the United States, their settlement, and the various facets of their life in the new country.
An unusual record of the cultural history of the Bulgarian people for the period of their national awakening from 1806 to the 1870s is provided in another of the Library's specialized collections. The extensiveness of this record becomes apparent if it is realized that of an estimated total of 1,800 books published during these seven decades in modern Bulgarian, some 40 per cent are available in this collection. It includes the Kyriakodromion , or "Sunday book," by Bishop Sofronii of Vratsa, the first book in modern Bulgarian, printed in 1806 in an edition of 1,000. Since the Old Church Bulgarian text of the Bible was no longer generally understood at that time, this book of sermons for religious occasions served to keep Biblical knowledge alive. To leaf through the pages of these 700-odd books is to gain a revealing insight into one facet of the Ottoman rule over the Bulgarians: none of these books was printed in Sofia, and hardly any of them were printed elsewhere in Bulgaria. They were turned out by the printing presses of Bucharest and Odessa, Kiev and Prague, Budapest and Smyrna, Vienna and London, Moscow and Belgrade. The Turks even preferred to have Bulgarian books printed in Constantinople rather than to let Bulgarians do the job at home. The specific holdings of the collection can be ascertained by consulting the Library's copy of the standard bibliography for this period by Valeri Pogorelov, Opis na starite pechatani bulgarski knigi, 1802–1877, in which the available items are noted.
Turning to another landmark in the intellectual development of the Balkan area, we should point to the 1483 Missale Glagoliticum, to which the Croats refer as the first Croatian printed book. Acquired for the Library of Congress in 1930, by Act of Congress, as part of the so-called Vollbehr Collection of 3,000-odd incunabula, this item is believed to be the best preserved of ten extant copies. An outstanding feature of this copy is a full-page woodcut of the crucifixion by an artist established as Jorg Breu the Elder. Neither printer nor publisher of the book has been traced as yet.
Introductiorium Copendiosum . . . (and these are only the first two words of a very long title) printed in Krakow in 1506, probably by Jan Haller, is of considerable interest as a specimen of early printing in Poland. It also contains the first known mention of America in Polish literature. In this treatise on astronomy, Jan Glogowczyk, also known as Glogoviensis, a professor at the Academy of Krakow, elaborated on a widely known medieval text originally prepared by Sacro Bosco, an English mathematician who taught at the University of Paris toward the end of the twelfth century. Adam Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz and Konrad Wallenrod in their first editions are other prominent items in the Polish collections, which are strong in publications by Polish learned institutions, in history, law, mathematics, and literature.
Last but not least, the Hungarian collections of the Library of Congress, the largest outside Hungary, offer an extensive coverage in particular of Hungarian parliamentary and statistical publications, works on Hungarian government and politics, history, literature, language, and linguistics.
Among the oldest Hungarian possessions are the so-called Nekcsei-Lipócz Bible, a fourteenth-century illuminated manuscript; first or early editions of the works by the fifteenth-century historians, Johannes Thuróczi, Italian-born Antonio Bonfini, and the Humanist Johannes Sambucus (Zsámboki); seventeenth-century travelogues describing the country's struggles against the Ottoman Empire; and first editions of works by Louis Kossuth, Count Stephen Széchenyi, and others.
Collecting resources of such magnitude is of course no pursuit per se. To the user confronted with a plethora of materials of all types, their mere presence would be of little avail, and he would be hard put to find the needed book, periodical, or newspaper among all the collections. Or, to use a simile in reverse, he cannot see the trees for the forest. He needs guides and blazed trails. In short, the raison d'être and the ultimate purpose of library resources lie in their accessibility, exploration, and utilization. For this reason a number of general bibliographic, research, and locational aids for the Library's Slavic and East European collections will be mentioned briefly.
The Cyrillic Union Catalog, an invaluable bibliographic aid for research use on this area, comprising over 700,000 cards housed in the Library of Congress, will become available in the near future in microprint form. Initiated by and carried out with the cooperation of various bodies devoted to the promotion of East European Studies and library affairs, this project is an interesting pioneer venture in advanced photocopying techniques by which a massive card catalog can be telescoped into several containers of microprints, which can be read with the help of a hand viewer. It is exciting to think of this revolution in techniques for the dissemination of the printed word, which permits capturing the contents of thousands of trays — originally taking up large rooms — in just a small set of volumes that probably can be placed right on one's desk. This catalog will record for the researcher materials in Cyrillic type (Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Macedonian) held in the Library of Congress and reported by 185 other major research libraries in the United States and Canada, with coverage up to 1956. Besides serving as a tracing and finding aid, this catalog should provide a maximum of bibliographic control because of its comprehensive arrangement in three separate files — by title, by author's name, and by subject. The entries are transliterated according to the Library of Congress system, and English translations of the titles for post-1917 publications (except for belles-lettres) are provided.
Also located in the Library of Congress is the Slavic Union Catalog, which is being kept current and can therefore be used to advantage for publications received or reported after the 1956 cutoff date of the Cyrillic Union Catalog. For the period before 1956 it contains only those parts of the Cyrillic Union Catalog which record authors and titles — the latter only if listed therein as main entries.
In an attempt to advance the frontiers of knowledge about significant East European research materials beyond the confines of North America, the Library has developed over the last decade a program which seeks to microfilm catalogs of important Slavic and Baltic collections in Europe. Among microfilmed catalogs so far secured are those of the Helsinki University Library, the Bibliotheque de Documentation Internationale in Paris, the Istituto Pontificale Orientale in Rome, the Ryska Institutet in Stockholm, the British union catalog of Russian publications in the National Central Library in London, and others. Helsinki University was a depository library for publications in tsarist Russia and consequently has sizable collections.
A record of post-World War II books and periodicals issued in and also outside the Soviet Union in Russian and other languages used in that country and received by the Library of Congress and by major research libraries in the United Stated and Canada is presented in the Monthly Index of Russian Accessions. This useful research tool lists publications in seventeen subject classes, the periodicals with tables of contents translated into English. Titles of books and periodicals are given in the original form in transliteration, along with their English translations. Other serviceable features of this list include elaborate subject indexes to the monographs and articles listed in the main body, annual cumulative lists of pertinent periodicals, and a monthly list of cover-to-cover translations of Soviet journals (along with price and subscription information). This index provides a unique source of information because it constitutes, to all intents and purposes, an inventory of a very substantial part of research materials of that type available in the United States of America.
The East European Accessions Index, with an analogous coverage of ten countries of East Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, and Yugoslavia) was published from 1951 through 1961.
As pointed out previously, the Cyrillic Union Catalog comprises only publications in Cyrillic type. The two accessions indexes, while being free of that limitation, concern themselves only with materials acquired by American libraries in the post-World War II period. This would seem to leave a bibliographic vacuum not only for older Latin alphabet publications in Albanian, Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Polish, Rumanian, Slovak, Slovenian, and the Baltic languages, but also for the often very important body of information printed in a variety of languages outside East Europe but relating to that area. Fortunately, there are several research tools which fill this gap at least in part. Those who are doing research in the Library of Congress are in a position to use the National Union Catalog, which, with its alphabetically arranged file of 14,000,000 cards for pre-1952 imprints, represents the central register of library materials in the United States, both inside and outside the Library of Congress.
A printed version of this catalog entitled The National Union Catalog: A Cumulative Author List is now available for imprints from 1952 to date. Compiled by the Library of Congress and published in monthly issues and quarterly, annual, and quinquennial cumulations, this catalog now lists all monographic titles (including those in the Cyrillic alphabet) which are cataloged by the Library of Congress or reported by major research libraries in the United States and in Canada. Materials represented by Library of Congress printed cards only are recorded in the printed multivolume author catalogs which have been published over the years under varying titles.
The author catalog may be the indicated research tool when individual authors or organizations, such as a museum or an academy of sciences are known: yet in other instances the investigator may be in search of, let us say, recent French, British, and German books on economic conditions in Poland. The tool which permits such a subject approach is the printed Library of Congress subject catalog (Library of Congress Catalog. Books: Subjects), a continuing and cumulative printed catalog which since 1950 has provided a basic subject control over a substantial portion of the world's current output of significant books. In realization of a dream of scholars for more than fifty years, the Library of Congress initiated in 1962 The National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections. The first volume reproduces 7,300 catalog cards describing holdings of some 400 repositories, which include also manuscripts of interest to Slavic research.
Finally, I should mention the Library of Congress Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions (title shortened to Quarterly Journal in January, 1964), where one can find annual reports on publishing developments in, and the highlights of acquisitions from, East and East Central Europe and, from time to time, articles on special collections relative to that area.
Another sector of the Library's activities is directed toward the development and preparation of more specialized bibliographical and reference tools which aim at assisting the scholar and student of East European affairs in a purposeful exploration of library resources. I should like to single out for a thumbnail sketch some such publications of relatively recent date or continued timeliness. Dealing as they do with more current materials, which are in constant flux, they cannot escape the fate — endemic to such bibliographies — of becoming outdated and requiring constant revision to keep abreast of the never-ceasing flow of publications. (A selective, itemized list of pertinent Library of Congress bibliographies and reference aids appears at the end of this article).
Serial Publications of the Soviet Union, 1939–1957 is a bibliographic checklist recording serial publications known to have appeared in the USSR in 1939 or later, with itemized Library of Congress holdings and locational symbols for other American and Canadian libraries where these titles are available. Work is in progress for the preparation of a second edition which will extend the scope to all USSR periodical titles published since 1917, of which some 20,000 will be included. Similarly, bibliographic control over Soviet newspapers is provided by Newspapers of the Soviet Union in the Library of Congress (Slavic, 1954–1960; Non-Slavic, 1917–1960), which lists bibliographic information and itemized holdings for newspapers regardless of language. This aid updates and supplements, to some extent, the earlier Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian Newspapers, 1917–1953, in which some 860 newspapers in the possession of the Library of Congress and other major research libraries in this country are recorded. Investigators interested in the ever growing reservoir of periodicals devoted to East European affairs and published primarily in French, English, and German both in and outside Eastern Europe may use with profit the bibliography entitled East and East Central Europe: Periodicals in English and other West European Languages. It may be surprising to find in this volume a listing, as of 1958, of more than 600 titles, including abstract and translation journals, and this total is sure to have grown since. A substantially revised edition reflecting the flux and mobility so characteristic for this sort of publication is to appear soon.
Other bibliographic compilations aim to facilitate access to specific areas or topics of East European studies. Thus, two general bibliographies on Estonia and East Germany, respectively, present selected recent writings, chiefly in English, on sociopolitical, economic, and cultural conditions in these areas. In the topical group, the Library of Congress has issued over the past decade or so quite a few bibliographies covering a wide range of theses and including Guide to Soviet Bibliographies, Study and Teaching of Slavic Languages, Soviet Geography, and Geography of Yugoslavia. Latin America in Soviet Writings, 1945–1958, by analyzing the Soviet postwar publications output on Latin America, graphically reflects the swiftly growing Soviet interest and involvement in that area. A continuation of that study, which no doubt would reveal an accelerated pace in this development, is now under consideration.
The Library has a unique collection of rare Russian imprints for the eighteenth century, an extremely important era in Russia's political and intellectual history. This collection, which includes writings by Novikov, Radishchev, Derzhavin, Karamzin, Kheraskov, Fonvizin, Sumarokov, and others, is estimated to exceed one-sixth of Russia's total book production between 1708 and 1800 and compares favorably with the world's largest collections of that time, both inside and outside Russia. To make accessible to scholarship a coherent inventory of this printed record of publications in the new alphabet (grazhdanskii shrift), a bibliography entitled Eighteenth Century Russian Publications in the Library of Congress: A Catalog, was compiled and released for distribution in 1961.
Students of East European affairs, confronted with the often puzzling task of "decoding" and understanding the spate of abbreviations for organizations, institutions, and so forth, which are so rampant nowadays in East European texts, may appreciate the information offered in a series of separate publications on Bulgarian, Czech and Slovak, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, and Yugoslav abbreviations which give these acronyms their full version in the original languages and the corresponding English translation.
A new series of bibliographic guides to area studies was initiated with the publication in 1963 of Rumania: A Bibliographic Guide. Its first part offers a selective evaluative survey of books, articles, and periodicals on the main facets of life and activities in the present and past of that country; a detailed bibliographic listing of the publications thus reviewed is offered in the second part. An analogous pattern is followed in a country guide on Bulgaria, now in progress. Finally, the outstanding recovery staged by East European research in Germany in the post-World War II period and its essential contributions to the knowledge of East Europe are the subjects of another study which was prepared for the Library of Congress by Professor Peter Scheibert of Marburg University, for the time being as an internal reference aid.
Along with this bird's-eye view of the collections and of bibliographical and locational facilities of the Library of Congress, students of East European affairs may find some other services of interest. Of course, all of the operations discussed here are vast and complex and are the result of concerted efforts by many units and areas within the Library, such as those concerned with the acquisition, the processing, the organization, and the utilization of materials. For example, the Law Library, Manuscript, Map, Music, Prints and Photographs, Rare Book, Serial, and Science and Technology Divisions are also concerned with, among other things, East European affairs, either by virtue of the subject matter or the type of material within their domain. The Slavic and Central European Division, mentioned previously, has the specific and explicit assignment of covering areas indicated by its name. In addition to its bibliographic activities this division offers through its area experts specialized reference services, in person or by correspondence, and maintains the Slavic Room, which has a reference library and various other informational facilities in support of public reference service. Also the Division maintains card files of recent and current articles on East Europe contained in selected West European-language periodicals.
The Library's Card Division, originally established to produce cards for the Library's own catalogs, in response to widespread demand has made these cards generally available for sale. Through these activities a worldwide business has developed which in the fiscal year 1963 sold more than 41,000,000 printed cards to 14,700 subscribers for an amount exceeding $2,400,000. Cards can either be ordered by the numbers as found at the right lower corner of the card reproduced in the aforementioned printed catalogs, or they may be ordered for any well-defined subject. Finally, the Library's Photoduplication Service produces photocopies of materials in the collections of the Library of Congress. Only recently the filming of Knizhnaia letopis' for the years 1907–46 was concluded. This project was based on the Library's almost complete file, which was supplemented by a few missing issues secured for the purpose from other institutions. Also microfilmed were such Russian periodicals as Kommunist, Sovetskaia kul'tura, and Krasnaia zvezda. An extensive project of cooperative microfilming, completed in 1956, involved thirteen newspapers, including Komsomol'skaia pravda, Trud, and other titles. In this connection, reference is made to the Library of Congress publication Newspapers on Microfilm, now in its fourth edition and listing more appreciable runs of domestic and foreign newspapers available in American and Canadian libraries.
The reader has now come to the end of a lightning tour of 270 miles of bookshelves — for this is the distance which according to official information sheets constitutes the total length of the bookshelves housing the Library's collections, which all along the way are liberally interspersed with material in spheres of Slavic and East European interest. To be a passenger on the journey through the realm of the printed word is a rewarding experience, full of a sense of discovery and exploration.
Bulgarian Abbreviations: A Selective List. Prepared by Konstantin Z. Furness. 1961. iii, 326 pp. Intended to aid readers in ascertaining the meaning of abbreviations which often occur in current Bulgarian texts. Each entry contains the Bulgarian and the transliterated abbreviation as well as the expansion in Bulgarian and in English.
A Check List of Foreign Newspapers in the Library of Congress. Compiled under the direction of Henry S. Parsons. 1929. vi, 209 pp. Titles are arranged alphabetically by countries, each subalphabetized by places of publication. Includes coverage of East European area. Bibliographical data and Library of Congress holdings are provided.
Current National Bibliographies. Compiled by Helen F. Conover. 1955. v, 132 pp. Annotated bibliography of national bibliographies for all types of published materials. Contains section on the USSR and Eastern Europe.
Czech and Slovak Abbreviations: A Selective List. Edited by Paul L. Horecky. 1956. v, 164 pp. Lists abbreviations, with their expansions and English translations, for terms used in Czech and Slovak publications since World War II. Entries are chiefly for governmental, political, economic, cultural, and social organizations; in some instances they represent commonly abbreviated general terms.
East and East Central Europe: Periodicals in English and Other West European Languages. Compiled by Paul L. Horecky with the assistance of Janina Wojcicka. 1958. v, 126 pp. An annotated bibliography of current periodicals primarily in English, French, and German; within this language limitation, coverage includes periodicals which deal with the peoples and countries of East and East Central Europe as well as with the ethnic groups originating from this area, periodicals issued in these countries, and pertinent abstracting and translation journals. Title and entry index.
East European Accessions Index. September, 1951–1961. A monthly record of post-World War II monographs and post–1950 periodical publications with imprints from or in the languages of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. Lists publications received by the Library of Congress as well as by other major American research libraries. Arrangement in the first part is by country, and within each country by seventeen subject classes. Entries are given in the original language together with a translation of the title or a descriptive annotation in English; tables of contents are translated into English for selected periodicals. The second part consists of a subject index to articles and monographs listed. Cumulative annotated list of periodical and newspaper titles arranged by country and subject are included in the December issue of each volume.
Eighteenth Century Russian Publications in the Library of Congress: A Catalog. Prepared by Tatiana Fessenko. 1961. xvi, 157 pp. The arrangement is alphabetic by author and, if authorship is not established, by title. "Very rare" and "rare" books are marked by asterisks. Illustrations.
Estonia: A Selected Bibliography. Compiled by Salme Kuri. 1958. iv, 74 pp. Lists primarily titles in English, but also in French, German, and Estonian. Arranged by subject with an author and title index.
Foreign Language-English Dictionaries. Volume 2: General Language Dictionaries. Compiled in the General Reference and Bibliography Division. 1955. vi, 239 pp. Arranged alphabetically by names of the individual languages, dialects, or language groups. East European languages are covered.
Geography of Yugoslavia: A Selective Bibliography . Compiled by Borivoje Z. Milojevic. 1955. ix, 79 pp. Contents: Climatology. Hydrography. Geomorphology. Plant and animal geography. Human geography: general studies. Economic and transportation geography. Settlements, urban geography, and the origin of population. Political geography. Regional and physical geography. Historical geography and the history of geography. Author index.
Guide to Soviet Bibliographies: A Selected List of References. Compiled by John T. Dorosh. 1950. iv, 158 pp. Lists by subject classes separately published bibliographies issued in Russian, or relating to Russia, and available in the Library of Congress.
Hungarian Abbreviations: A Selective List. Compiled by Elemér Bako. 1961. iv, 146 pp. Covers mainly names of government agencies, public institutions, societies, industrial and trade enterprises, and other organizations. General abbreviations frequently used are also included.
Introduction to Europe: A Selective Guide to Background Reading. Compiled by Helen F. Conover. 1950. v, 201 pp. Annotated bibliography with material under each country divided according to the following categories: General. Historical background. Postwar political and economic scene. Culture. Includes author index.
— Supplement, 1950–1955. Compiled by Helen F. Conover. 1955. 181 pp.
Latin America in Soviet Writings, 1945–1958: A Bibliography. Compiled by Leo A. Okinshevich and Cecilia J. Gorokhoff. Edited by Nathan A. Haverstock. 1960. xii, 257 pp. Contents: Preface by Howard F. Cline. Foreword by Sergius Yakobson. General reference works. Anthropology. Art and architecture. Economics. Education. Geography and geology. Government and politics. History. International relations. Labor. Law. Literature. Music. Philosophy. Science and medicine. Social conditions. Travel. Sports and games. Theatre arts. Flora and fauna. Reviews. Subject and author index.
The Library of Congress Catalog. Books: Subjects. A subject bibliography of current works cataloged by the Library of Congress, and published quarterly with annual and quinquennial cumulations since 1950. The entries appear under alphabetically arranged specific subject headings. Works in languages using the Cyrillic alphabet which are represented by Library of Congress printed cards have been included since the commencement of publication.
Library of Congress Publications in Print. The latest edition was issued in March, 1963.
Monthly Index of Russian Accessions. April, 1948--. Lists Russian-language publications received by the Library of Congress and cooperating libraries. Publications printed in other languages of the Soviet Union are included when possible. Monographs and periodicals are listed under seventeen major subjects, with the periodical broken down according to more specific subdivisions. A subject index is provided in each issue. A cumulative author, subject, and periodical location index to the first three volumes is available as a separate publication. Beginning with Volume V an author index to monographs and a periodical location index are provided for each volume; they appear as appendixes to the first two issues of the subsequent volume.
The National Union Catalog: A Cumulative Author List. Lists, in addition to all printed materials cataloged by the Library of Congress, monographs of 1956 or later imprint date currently acquired by the major research libraries in the United States, and indicates the location of these titles. Published monthly, with quarterly, annual, and quinquennial cumulations, and continues, with an expansion to other libraries, the Catalog of Books Represented by Library of Congress Printed Cards in 209 volumes, and its continuation since 1948, the Library of Congress Author Catalog. Books published from 1952 through 1955 are listed in the 30-volume The National Union Catalog: 1952–1955 Imprints. Works in languages using the Cyrillic alphabet which are represented by Library of Congress printed cards have been included since the commencement of publication.
The National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections, 1959–1961: Based on Reports from American Repositories of Manuscripts. 1962. viii, 1,061 pp. Compiled by the Library of Congress and published by J. W. Edwards, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reproduces 7,300 catalog cards prepared during the years 1959, 1960, and 1961. An index of more than 30,000 names, a subject index, and a list of the entries reported by each of approximately 400 repositories, provide access to the information in this volume.
New Serial Titles: A Union List of Serials Commencing Publication after December 31, 1949. 1953–. Lists new serials received by the Library of Congress and cooperating libraries. The entries are coded by their subject content and also (though not manifest in the printed entries) by language and by country of origin. Appears in twelve monthly issues and in annual cumulations which have been in turn cumulated over five- or ten-year periods. New Serial Titles: Classed Subject Arrangement, a related monthly publication, lists new serial titles in subject sequence.
Newspapers of the Soviet Union in the Library of Congress (Slavic, 1954–1960; Non-Slavic, 1917–1960). Prepared by Paul L. Horecky with the assistance of John P. Balys and Robert G. Carlton. 1962. iv, 73 pp. This record of newspapers, available in print or on microfilm, offers for each title bibliographic information and itemized holdings. Indexes, by alphabet, language of newspapers and place of publication, are provided.
Newspapers on Microfilm. 5th ed., 1963. Compiled under the direction of George A. Schwegman, Jr. xv, 305 pp. A list of microfilm negatives and positives of more appreciable runs of domestic and foreign newspapers, about 16,000 entries, available in American and Canadian libraries or from the producer of the negative, in the United States or abroad. Arranged by place of publication of the newspaper.
Polish Abbreviations: A Selective List. Compiled by Janina Wojcicka. 2nd ed., rev. and enl., 1957. 164 pp. Lists abbreviations, with Polish expansions and English translations, for terms used in Poland since World War II, particularly names of government agencies, societies, companies, and institutions. Some general abbreviations commonly used are also included.
Postwar Foreign Newspapers: A Union List. 1953. vii, 231 pp. The arrangement is by countries, including those in the East European area. For each country the titles are listed alphabetically, along with the customary bibliographical information and the holdings of the Library of Congress and reporting major libraries.
A Preliminary Checklist of Russian Dictionaries Published in the USSR, 1917–1942. Compiled by George A. Novossiltzeff. 1944. iv, 143 pp. The material is presented in three large groups. 1. Russian-language dictionaries. 2. General bilingual dictionaries. 3. Special bilingual dictionaries, arranged alphabetically, according to subject.
Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions. July/Sept., 1943—. (Title shortened to Quarterly Journal in January, 1964.) Published as a supplement to the Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress. Includes annual reports on acquisitions from the USSR and Eastern Europe, and occasional articles on special Slavic and East European collections.
Rumania: A Bibliographic Guide. By Stephen A. Fischer-Galati. 1963. viii, 75 pp. A selective bibliography of publications in Rumanian and other languages about Rumania in the past and present. The first part surveys the relevant titles for which the detailed bibliographic entries are given in the second part.
Russian Abbreviations: A Selective List. Compiled by Alexander Rosenberg. 2nd ed., rev. and enl., 1957. ix, 513 pp. Lists abbreviations in the Cyrillic and in the transliterated form, with their expansions and English translations. General abbreviations as well as those of governmental, political, economic, cultural, and social organizations are covered.
Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian Newspapers, 1917–1953: A Union List. Compiled by Paul L. Horecky. 1953. xi, 218 pp. Lists 859 Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian newspapers issued since January 1, 1917, within the territory of the present USSR and in the possession of libraries in the United States as of May, 1953. Holdings are listed separately by year, the degree of completeness being indicated by symbols. Material arranged by place of publication, and alphabetical index of title is included.
Serial Publications of the Soviet Union, 1939–1957: A Bibliographic Checklist. Compiled by Rudolf Smits. 1958. ix, 459 pp. Lists all serial publications known to have appeared in the USSR in 1939 or later. Gives Library of Congress holdings and call number of each publication and indicates other American and Canadian libraries having the serials in their collections. A subject guide to the serials and an index to corporate headings used are included.
Soviet Geography: A Bibliography. Edited by Nicholas R. Rodionoff. 1951. xx, 668 pp. In two parts. Part 1: U.S.S.R. — Geography by Subject. Part 2: Administrative, Natural and Economic Regions. Lists over 4,000 titles of the important works on the geography of the Soviet Union, most of which have been published since 1917. Contents: Part 1. Geographical science. General descriptions. Expeditions, explorations, and discoveries. Historical geography. Physical geography. Economic geography. Political and military geography. Atlases and cartography. Bibliography and biobibliography. Part 2. Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Karelian S.S.R. Baltic Constituent Republics. White Russian S.S.R. Moldavian S.S.R. Ukrainian S.S.R. Transcaucasian Constituent Republics. Kazakh S.S.R. Asiatic Constituent Republics. Author and subject indexes.
Statistical Yearbooks: An Annotated Bibliography of the General Statistical Yearbooks of Major Political Subdivisions of the World. Prepared by Phyllis G. Carter. 1953. viii, 123 pp. The USSR and East European countries are covered.
The Study and Teaching of Slavic Languages: A Selected List of References. Compiled by John T. Dorosh. 1949. vi, 97 pp. Partly annotated bibliography of publications suitable as material for the study and teaching of Bulgarian, Czech, Polish, Russian, Church Slavic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Slovenian, Ukrainian, White Russian, and other Slavic languages.
Yugoslav Abbreviations: A Selective List. Prepared by Ilija P. Plamenatz. 1959. v, 185 pp. Lists abbreviations, with their expansions and English translations, for Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, and Macedonian terms used in Yugoslavia since World War II, particularly names of government agencies, societies, and industrial and trade establishments.
For general information on Library of Congress collections see, inter alia:
Report of the Librarian of Congress . . . (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1865/66—);
Dan Lacy, "The Library of Congress: a Sesquicentenary Review. I. The Development of the Collections. II. The Organization of the Collections," Library Quarterly, XX ( July, 1950, and Oct., 1950), pp. 157–79 and 235–58; David Chambers Mearns, The Story Up to Now: The Library of Congress, 1800–1946 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office), 226 pp.; and Shirley Pearlove, comp., A Guide to Special Book Collections in the Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1949), 66 pp.
At the time of writing this article, Paul Horecky was Assistant Chief of the Slavic and Central European Division of the Library of Congress. This article is an updated and somewhat revised version of a paper which was originally read at Indiana University and published in 1962 in Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique. Mr. Horecky ackowledged permission to draw on these previous materials from the editor of that journal and from Professor Robert S. Byrnes, Indiana University.


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Founded in 1998, 'Speedy' is the largest Bulgarian courier service with a market share of 32%, with more than 1,100 employees and more than 700 transport vehicles. The company handles the shipments of over 700,000 customers and 12 million shipments per year.
Projects, analysing a number of key performance indicators (KPI) are gradually implemented in the financial, commercial, logistic, operational, IT and other departments of SPEEDY AD. The solution is based on various types of Dashboards that graphically represent the many different indicators, monitored by company employees. Both in graphical and tabular BI data representations, users have the option of choosing time scenarios, tracking in detail each case and even specify the dimensions to be included in their analysis.
• Working with references and reports for the different periods is fast
• Centralized approach to KPI visualization and computation
• Saving time for the IT department
The Members of the Board of Directors, the Financial Director (the Chief Financial Officer) and the Financial Department, the Commercial Manager and the Sales Department, the Logistic Department
Internal system, Excel files

subset: commoncrawl


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Look kittens, my new Christian Louboutin Studded Ariella's. Irresponsibly popular as Christian's shoes are, I couldn't help but to indulge. I went out last weekend with my new babies. Got some pretty amusing reactions. Also got the expected scoff from some girls in sweatpants. Which then proceeded with me giving them the finger, I make the most terrible company.
Posted by withasianstereotypes at 9:02 PM


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With the trade deadline fast approaching, we will be taking a closer look at the situation for each team. Where do they stand, what do they need to do, and what assets do they have to fill those needs? Next up is a look at the Dallas Stars.
The 2016-17 season didn't go as planned for the Dallas Stars, finishing 30 points behind their pace from the previous year and missing the playoffs entirely. Now, with a new coach and important offseason additions, the club is back in the playoff race and looking to buy at the deadline.
33-20-4, fourth in Central Division
Deadline Status
Deadline Cap Space
$4.1MM full-season cap hit, 0/3 retained salary transactions, 41/50 contracts per CapFriendly
Draft Picks
2018: DAL 1st, DAL 2nd, DAL 3rd, DAL 4th, CHI 4th, DAL 5th, DAL 6th, DAL 7th
2019: DAL 1st, DAL 2nd, DAL 3rd, DAL 4th, PIT/MIN 4th*, DAL 5th, DAL 6th, DAL 7th
*Dallas will receive the earlier of the two picks
Trade Chips
Even after acquiring players like Ben Bishop and Marc Methot last offseason, the Stars head into the trade deadline with a full cupboard of draft picks. That, paired with a very interesting prospect group headlined by third-overall selection Miro Heiskanen, sets the Stars up well to be one of the preeminent buyers over the next few weeks and again in June.
It seems unlikely that the team would dangle Heiskanen or other top prospects like Riley Tufte, Jason Robertson or Jake Oettinger in trade for a piece at the deadline, but there could be some names off the roster that would be interesting for teams looking for NHL options. Brett Ritchie hasn't been able to find the same level of play he showed last season when he scored 16 goals, but is still a big body on a reasonable contract. Second-round pick Remi Elie hasn't quite found his form in professional hockey, but is still just 22 and has shown flashes of the hard-working, puck-protecting winger he was in junior.
There is also the case of Jason Spezza, who has had an extremely up-and-down season. At one point made a healthy scratch by new head coach Ken Hitchcock, Spezza is still an excellent faceoff man and has 24 points on the year. He comes with another year at $7.5MM and a ten team no-trade list, but if Dallas decided to retain some salary they could perhaps move him to open up some ice time for their younger players.
Five Players To Watch For: F Brett Ritchie, F Devin Shore, F Jason Spezza, F Jason Dickinson, F Remi Elie
Team Needs
1) Middle-Six Winger: The Stars have built a solid defensive core with their top two pairings, and Methot is expected back in the lineup soon. Instead of looking at the defense, they're after another wing option that can contribute offensively. Linked to Rick Nash recently, they could look for a less expensive option if the rental prices get out of control.
2) Depth Center: If the team doesn't believe Spezza can handle a matchup role in the playoffs, they could look to add another option down the middle. Martin Hanzal hasn't been the offensive performer they'd hoped even when he's been healthy, and despite Radek Faksa's emergence he's still relatively unproven. Adding a bottom-six center with playoff experience could be helpful as the Stars try to make and then contend in the Stanley Cup chase.
Photo courtesy of USA Today Sports Images


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Saturday, May 7, 2016
Taylor Swift Was The Top Earning Musician In 2015
Billboard released the list of the top 40 paying musicians of 2015 and Taylor Swift snatched the top spot. Indeed album sales are in the downward trend but live music sales are stronger than ever.
The biggest-earning musicians were all big tours in 2015. And though the top 10 were mostly legacy acts, a familiar name tops the charts.
Taylor Swift is in top spot at $73.5 million in 2015, she earned $61.7 million from touring. Her album sales were just $7.2 million, publishing (licensing to commercials or other media) $4.1 million, and streaming only $564,000.
The 2nd placer didn't come close to Taylor it goes to musician Kenny Chesney, who made $39.8 million. The Rolling Stones was in 3rd with $39.6 million, 4th place is Billy Joel ($31.7 million) and One Direction ($24.2 million) round out the top five.
Other notables on the list include Adele in 9th with $20.5 million in revenue, Madonna (14), Britney Spears (22), The Weeknd (28), Ariana Grande (29), Drake (32), and Nicki Minaj (39).
1989 Taylor Swift $12.49
Red Taylor Swift $10.74
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The uptake of electric vehicles in the UK continues to rise and until now, charging electric vehicles has typically occurred off-street in car parks, garages and driveways. In built-up cities like Portsmouth, off-street parking is not an option for many residents. By installing charge points on-street, residents can enjoy the convenience of charging their plug-in electric vehicles at home.
We received funding from the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) to provide around 50 charge points across the city, as a three-year trial. As a starting point, we have installed 36 charge points based on requests from residents who either have an electric vehicle already or plan to purchase one in the near future.
Portsmouth is the first city to introduce an 'ad hoc' solution utilising lamp column electricity. This is where electricity is provided by the street lamp column (either directly or via a bollard) and is charged on a pay-as-you-go basis. You can find out more about the charging and billing solutions here.
Charging areas will be identifiable by a marked bay. To park in the bay, the vehicle must be plugged in and charging.
Missing out? Please get in touch if you would like access to an electric vehicle charge point. Contact our Transport Planning team via email: email@example.com
In addition we are trialling electric vehicle charge points in some of our off-street car parks.
Seafront The Esplanade Car Park (Portsmouth City Council)
Available to ticket holders only
Clarence Esplanade, Portsmouth, PO5 3AP
Isambard Brunel Multi-Storey Car Park (Portsmouth City Council)
Alec Rose Lane, Portsmouth, PO1 2BX
Portsmouth Marriot Hotel
Southampton Road, Cosham, PO6 4SH
North Harbour Unit Trust
1000 Lakeside, North Harbour, Western Road, Cosham, PO6 3EN
Portsmouth Park and Ride
Open to visitors and members of the public
Tipner Interchange, M275, Portsmouth, PO2 8AN
Cost: No fee
Crasswell Street NCP Car Park
Portsmouth, PO1 1RS
Gunwharf Quays
Portsmouth, PO1 3TZ
Ocean Retail Park
(next to M & S trolley park)
Burrfields Road, Portsmouth, PO3 5NP
Information correct at time of publishing (January 2018). We advise you check with the provider before use.
'Rate this page' should only be used to submit feedback for a page. Please use the ' Contact us' page to report any issues.


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Last week's blog, Where do we start? mentioned our cutting edge role in Christ's mission. We looked at a simple, powerful way to impact nations by targeting them with his PRAISE. But how do we settle on a praise focus for a nation or community?
Few people will grab the first can of tuna they see on a supermarket shelf; most will check all the options, compare brands, prices and ingredients before settling on one that 'fits'. Praying for nations is nothing like supermarket shopping, yet we can so can easily approach praise with a 'grab-the-first-one-I see' rush.
Our eternal enjoyment of the Lord is something too big and magnificent to imagine, but we do know that PRAISE will be a main feature. Amazingly, Holy Spirit, the Energizer of that unending praise, has come to grow us in it now. Any praise point about the Lord is always good, but good can give way to better if – instead of going for the first one we see, or one we're most familiar with – we pause to reach deeper. There might be a praise focus that is more relevant to the nation or to the current developments in the target community…and one that moves us forward in the journey of growing in praise. How do we settle on a praise focus that 'fits' the nation?
Praise is an overflow of our ADMIRATION of the Lord. There are various ways to settle on an admiration-truth, which will then feed our praise over a nation. In Psalm 108, used in last week's post, David's threatening circumstances drew his attention to God's love and faithfulness. The Spirit can use our circumstances in a similar way to point us to a beauty in Christ. Or the praise focus might come from a Bible passage (as in last week's exercise), through an inner prompt by the Spirit, or while listening to a worship song.
Another, less-used way to land on a truth for praise over a nation is to let a fact about the nation point to a truth about Christ. The Darkness in any nation or community becomes a backdrop that shows up Christ's magnificence; the truth of who he is and what he is like. Of course, it does mean learning about the target nation. It could be its history, a belief, custom, religious ceremony, social issue or a current news report about the nation that triggers an awareness of a beauty-aspect of the Lord, a truth about him to be admired.
Last month, Thailand celebrated the most important day in the Buddhist calendar: Visakha Bucha. It commemorates three events: the birth, enlightenment and death of Gautama Buddha. Much of the nation spent the day in merit-making activities that included offering food to monks in local temples, listening to Dhamma (Buddha's teaching), releasing captive birds and fish and, at night, joining a candlelight procession.
Here in Chiangmai, candle-carrying pilgrims could be seen making the 9 km-walk up Doi Suthep Mountain, to the influential Wat Phra That temple overlooking the city. In temples all over Thailand devotees performed wien tien, walking clockwise around the temple sanctuary, holding candles, incense sticks and lotus flowers. They circled three times to commemorate the "Three Jewels": Buddha, the Dharma (Buddha's teachings) and the Sangha (community of monks).
Is there something in this clip of Thai life that can help shape a PRAISE focus over the nation?
- What truth about Christ does the above observance draw your attention to?
- Find an anchor scripture that helps you ponder that truth about him, talk to him about it, and voice your admiration of that beauty you see in him.
- Let your admiration of Jesus overflow in PRAISE over this nation. Exalt that quality in him, and then declare him worthy of receiving that praise throughout the nation!


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Computer Apps (Intro to Computer Programming)
"Who in the world am I? Ah, that's the great puzzle." ― Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
Not sure what career is right for you? High school is a great place to find out. If you think that you might be interested in careers that focus on computer programming, gaming, or animation, this course is the perfect place to start!
"...what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversation?" - Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
Object Oriented Programming
This is an introductory course for learning computer programming in an animated environment. Students create animation projects using Alice, a software package for creating animation in small virtual worlds using 3D models in Pixar and Disney animation style. The emphasis of this course is hands-on labs, with some lecture and modeling.
Alice has a drag and drop interface which makes computer programming much easier to master. Although students will be learning about computer programming, this class should not be confused with a course in Java or C++. This class does however explore a lot of the terminology and concepts used in programming with Java and C++ and should be considered an introductory course to those concepts.
After the class has mastered "Alice," we are going to learn how to create websites using HTML and CSS.
HTML is used to establish a page's structure. It also lets us add text, links and images.
CSS is used to control the design and layout of the page.
"Why, sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast." ― Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
Computer Apps is held Zero Period and offers a short, daily blast of coding. It's fun, engaging, and a great way to start the day (and beat the traffic!)
AS time allows, after we learn HTML and CSS, we will dive into JavaScript, the language that powers the web.


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Welcome to our first article of 2017, it is with great honor and pleasure that we inaugurate this year with a new article on one of the most famous pistols ever created, an article about Glock 9mm Generations. We already wrote at E-arms.com the history of this company. We have seen how Gaston Glock traveled from the manufacture of curtain rings to the making of military accessories until finally when he began to produce his pistols and supplies them to the Austrian Army and military and police forces around the world.
These pistols underwent changes and improvements, new models were introduced to their production line and consequently to the market. All this culminated in what we call Generation, Glock pistols, in particular, have, until today, 4 generations, and in this article we will tell the history of their generations and their particularities.
Glock 9MM G17 Generation 1
The pistols of Generation 1, are of 1982-1987 / 88. The pistols manufactured in this generation were the G17 and G18, both in 9mm Parabellum. The handle of this generation's weapons were fully textured. The walls of their pipes were thinner, so they were known as "Pencil Barrel", the recoil spring and the bolt guide were made separately, their chargers were made of plastic and their "Dust Cover" was rounded (part in front of the guard that covers the recoil spring).
Model 18 and 18C pistols were made for the Austrian Army's counter-terrorism unit, the EKO Cobra unit. The gun 18 is the variation with selector of shots of the model 17, that is, this weapon fires in automatic mode, its cadence of shots is of 1200 shots per minute.
Left knob without serrated texture of G17 and right trigger with serrated texture of G19.
Only a few dozen Glock G19s were made in the first generation, they were sample prototypes for the ATF (Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms – US Agency for Firearms, Alcohol, and Tobacco) to examine. Glocks G19 have a "serrated" trigger instead of the "soft" trigger of the Glock 17. The G19's barrel has the recess hole in a different location from that of the G17 and this is one of the reasons why they are not interchangeable with each other.
In 1988 the second generation was launched. The main change that marked this generation was the retexturization of the cable of the weapon. This time his cable had textured rectangles around the handle of the weapon. The charger was now made of metal, which greatly improved the power to the camera. The walls of the gun barrel were thicker, the recoil spring and the bolt guide were made together.
By 1990, the company introduced its 20 (10mm), 21 (.45 ACP), 22 and 23 (both .40 S & W) models. Models 22 and 23 are actually models 17 and 19, but in .40 S & W; however, with a more powerful caliber, it forced the designers to add an extra pin to retain the bolt lock. Some rare and new versions of these pistols may not have this 3rd pin. Models 20 and 21 were the first models to be made with the weapon with a larger body. This was done to accommodate calibers that were larger than the others already made, 10mm and .45 ACP. All these models are from the second generation or later generations, and both have the 3rd bolt locking pin.
A few years later, in 1994, the company started producing the 24 model, which is essentially the 17L 9mm Glock, but in the second generation and in .40 S & W. Some time later the angle of the ejection window was changed from the old 90º to something a little larger. This change occurred during the insertion of models 24, 26 and 27, in .40 S & W, 9mmP and .40 S & W respectively. This means that there are Glocks G24 with the ejection window at 90 ° and larger angles, but the G26 pistols and their rear only exist at the larger angle.
Later versions of the 26 and 27 guns were the first to incorporate grooves to accommodate the fingers, in front of the gun, this version is called 2.5.
GLOCK 9MM Generation 3: Generation 3 incorporated all the improvements of previous versions and added few changes. The new versions of the pistol were made with grooves at the front of the gun's wrist, to accommodate the fingers better, but without tactical rails, and an ambidextrous finger rest just above the loader's retainer.
After the move to generation 3, new models were added, such as the model 29 (10mm) together with the release of ar15 guns, 30 (.45 ACP), 31-33 (.357 SIG), 34 (9mm), 35 (.40 S & W) and to 36 (in .45 ACP, but with the bolt the same size as a pistol in 9mm with the body that was even thinner), the models 37 and 39 (both .45 GAP – Glock Automatic Pistol) were introduced to the market later, these models used a body the same size as a G17 with the bolt of similar size to that of a G29 or G30.
Some of the larger models of 10mm and .45 ACP pistols were made with "Short Frames" – SF – (Small Chassis).
Other changes made in this generation was the introduction of the ambidextrous retainer retention, however, it was incompatible with the old shippers. In 2009 they introduced RTF2 (Rough Textured Frame 2), which consists of a new texturing of the handle of the weapon, this time with small pointed triangles, rest for the big toe just above the retention of the loader, call the pistols with these changes of Gen. 3.5.
Glock 9mm Generation 4, with interchangeable back splints, retains larger and ambidextrous loader and the insertion of tactical rail, RTF3 texture, and telescopic recoil spring.
Generation 4: In 2010 the Generation 4 pistols were presented. It's one of the latest developments in Glock. The external changes were few, switching from RTF2 to RTF3, that is, now the texture of the grip is less aggressive than the previous version, has square squares instead of pointed triangles, and has the word Gen4 next to the weapon model , not the bolt.
A new, "telescopic" recoil spring has been created: Two coaxial coil springs are mounted together with their guide, it is smaller, and has a larger tube than the previous version. Its diameter is considerably larger than those of the recovery springs used in previous models of glock 9mm single stack in the industry. To accommodate this new, more bulky spring it was necessary to change the front part of the bolt and the body of the gun, both internally and externally. This change also helped greatly reduce the recoil of the shots, which was something that bothered the operators of this weapon.
In addition in this new generation Glock invested in a new internal security system and has been glock 9mm for sale. In addition to the trigger lock, which was already used in other generations, an extension was now added to the trigger bar, which terminates in a pin located in the channel of the precursor, blocking its action. The other security system added in this version is formed by the trigger bar itself, on the back of the weapon, and has the shape of a "cross". The two "arms" of this "cross" keep the pistol mechanism locked, preventing it from firing by an accidental fall or when hit by any type of strong impact, such as a shot.
To accommodate different sizes of hands, this generation has a smaller grip than the other generations and the back splints can be changed, increasing or decreasing the distance of the trigger. The retention of the loader has also been changed, this time it is bigger than the seals of previous generations, besides being ambidextrous, that is, it can be altered to be activated both on the left side of the weapon and on the right side, satisfying both left- right-handed.
Glock 9mm Gen 5 – the New Glock Pistol Line
The Brief History of Glock 9mm


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10) What are your beliefs on an Afterlife?
I have no idea.
I have memories that are past-life experiences. That doesn't mean that I have lived before: it just means that I have memories that would suggest that I did. They could be legitimate memories from a previous life, or they could be constructions of my subconscious to put issues I'm facing in this life into perspective. Either way, the result is the same: I deal with the issues now, in this life. It is not definitive proof of reincarnation.
The fact that readers have been able to detail and describe past life experiences that I remember makes it more likely, but I still don't know for sure. I guess I won't know until I die.
Given my view of physics and time, it is likely that some kind of "Me" pattern with exist after I day, and may be able to reincorporate to some degree.
But I don't know.
We'll see.


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Concussions and college football: From death comes life for research
Nathan Stiles, 17, died shortly after playing a football game. Researchers found that the teen's brain had a degenerative condition sometimes found in boxers and older athletes.
CBSSports.com Senior College Football Columnist Dennis Dodd spent the offseason investigating the issue of concussions in college football -- the background on the issue, the competing interests at play in the current debate, and the way forward for the sport. The details of Dodd's reporting will be revealed in a multi-part series throughout the week, with previous installments of the series indexed HERE.
SPRING HILL, Kan. -- For Ron Stiles, there was no need to sue. It just wasn't in him. Not after the Life Flight helicopter pierced throught the Friday night lights three years ago to whisk his son's near-lifeless body from the high school football field to an emergency room. Even after Nathan Stiles had been cleared to play despite suffering a concussion a few weeks earlier.
Even after Ron, president of Spring Hill Oil Co., was called on the same night by the Boston University's Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy. Research, it seems, doesn't wait. Nathan had gone from playing a whale of a game for the Spring Hill Broncos that night to being the subject of sudden, shocking request from that Boston University center.
They wanted Nathan's brain.
"The whole thing was cloudy," Ron Stiles recalled recently from his wood-paneled office along Spring Hill's Main Street in suburban Kansas City. "You think about the night at the football field, the Life Flight and hospital. You know you'd seen your son for the last time."
Somewhere in the haze of numbing tragedy, Ron and his wife Connie said yes to Chris Nowinski, one of the center's co-directors. Their 17-year old son, who left his room hours before on the last day of his life with the Bible open, would not be coming home. But he would be making history.
Boston University wanted his brain to help unravel the massive riddle of head trauma in sports. The subject is so new that the medical world is just now coming to some agreement on how to treat it. Never mind the ongoing struggle with how to prevent it. Nathan died that night in 2010 of a subdural hematoma -- bleeding on the brain -- only weeks after suffering that concussion. BU's research later showed he was, at that time, the youngest victim of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain condition sometimes found in boxers and older athletes involved in contact sports.
CTE is caused by repeated brain trauma that triggers the buildup of tau protein. The result is memory loss, depression and eventually dementia. Former Chicago Bear Dave Duerson was revealed after his February 2011 suicide to have been suffering from CTE. One of Duerson's last requests was to get his brain to BU's center for study.
But why this young? If a teenage kid from Kansas has the beginning of some of the same symptoms of an 11-year NFL veteran, is football itself safe? The NCAA is clearly concerned if for no other reason than liability. It is fighting a concussion suit from four former players in different sports.The NFL is facing a massive class action suit from former players.
The answer will have to wait. Research is just being gathered on the long-term effects of concussions. Some experts say it will take decades.
"[It will take] 10, 20, 30 years to follow athletes out in time," said Vernon Williams, chief medical officer for the Sports Concussion Institute. "What we have to be careful about is extrapolating too soon. If there's a risk from boxing as a professional or football as a professional, does that mean there is a risk from playing college or little league? That we just don't know. In fact it seems like it's very safe to play adolescent and youth sport."
Nathan didn't actually die of CTE. The bleeding on the brain was more closely related to Second Impact Syndrome following that first concussion. It is widely held, although not all medical experts agree, that it is easier to be concussed a second time -- and subsequent times.
"It kind of boggled my mind that this kid had this amazing game in the first half and had all this blood in his head the entire time," said Leslie Nakoneczny, the Life Flight nurse who treated Nathan. "It's creepy how that could happen. From a medical standpoint, it's unbelievable."
So why sue? Defense attorneys no doubt would have zeroed in on this statement by Ron Stiles:
"What Nathan did do is hit his head on everything, forever. Got a golf club in the head one time, a baseball right between the eyes one time. He had staples in his head from hitting it on sheetrock.
"There's a strong possibility, it could have caused some damage."
Football, then, may have had nothing to do with Nathan's death. Such are the mysteries and tragedies of head trauma deaths. The Stiles are spiritual folks who took the incident as a circle of life event. Instead of calling a lawyer, Ron Stiles rose at his son's funeral to say, "If there was anything to be learned from this, it was going to be doctors and not attorneys."
"Why blame somebody for something for what was a fluke, that can't be helped," Stiles said later. "There's plenty of blame that could go around if you start that game. The doctors did everything they could."
"They're probably the few people who handled it the way they did," said Eric Kahn, Nathan's former Spring Hill teammate, now a kicker at Kansas. "They did not point fingers at anybody."
The family started the Nathan Project, an initiative to distribute Bibles. The family bonded with former Oklahoma State player Andrew Hudson. The 6-foot, 5-inch former defensive lineman was injured when he was ear holed on a kickoff by Nebraska's Eric Martin.
"This stuff needs to go," Ron Stiles said. "If you've got a kid sitting on the sidelines and he says his head hurts, he does not need grief. He needs compassion. That's the things that are obvious and need to change."
Forty-seven states have passed concussion legislation regarding those 18 and younger. Kansas is one of 34 states that require youths to get the consent of a health care professional before returning to play from head trauma. The Kansas State High School Activities Association requires a signed waiver that children and parents understand the risks of concussions.
The NCAA is increasingly involved. It recently awarded two concussions experts a $400,000 grant to study long-term effects. Starting this year in the NCAA, players will be ejected if flagged for targeting the head. But that is only part of an industry-wide discussion. Neurosurgeon Dr. Robert Cantu of Boston University is one of the most noted authorities in the world on the subject of head trauma. He says tackle football should not be played by those under 14. Their brains, he says, are still forming.
Cantu might get an argument from Jon Butler, executive director of Pop Warner football. Butler is not the only football lover who extols the character-building virtues of the sport at a young age. A year ago Butler's organization limited full contact practices to 40 minutes per session or one-third of total weekly practice time. Pop Warner claims to have one-third the injury rate of high school, one-fifth the rate of college football and one-ninth the rate of pro football.
"The worst risk of injury is riding a bike," said Butler, a former high school coach. "It's the No. 1 reason kids go to the emergency room."
The Pac-12 recently took the small step of limiting full contact practices to two per week. That seemed non-controversial since several sources said that's the max these days for most college coaches. Except ...
"I'm totally against that [limiting practices]," said former Ohio State coach John Cooper. "If I got back into coaching I don't want somebody who doesn't know anything about the game, telling me how to coach. If I have a young team that needs fundamental work, I should be allowed to do that."
Within that argument is where Nathan Stiles' legacy lies. It inspired Nakoneczny, a 38-year old nurse, to begin giving brain trauma presentations to medical professionals. The inspiration came during that 18-minute Life Flight helicopter ride spent caring for Nathan.
"He looked perfect," Nakoneczny recalled of that short trip to Kansas University Medical Center. "It looked like he was sleeping. He was very handsome, dark curly hair."
It had been only minutes before that Stiles -- who'd already rushed for more than 100 yards and two touchdowns before halftime -- had come to the sidelines in pain and collapsed.
Nakoneczny later met the family in the emergency room. Something stuck with her that night. When she tried to intubate Nathan -- place a breathing tube down his throat -- he was unresponsive. A bad sign. Connie Stiles pleaded with her son to wake up, promising his favorite snack. Nathan briefly raised an arm before lapsing back into unconsciousness.
"I think that's when we lost him," his father said.
The situation prompted Nakoneczny to study brain trauma further. Her power point presentation now includes tips on treatment and the importance of response time. Nathan, she says, had been having headaches before the fatal episode but had kept them mostly to himself. Taking aspirin could have contributed to the bleeding, Nakoneczny said.
"What teenager thinks they're going to die from a headache?"
These days she worries a lot about her sons -- ages 9 and 11 -- playing football.
Why sue? One bright high school player's legacy has been enough for those who knew and treated him.
"Nathan's one of those patients you never, ever forget," Nakoneczny said.
Concussions and college football
Part I: Ex-player's case takes aim at NCAA
Q&A: NCAA's chief doctor answers questions
Part II: Ex-QB Klatt puts onus on NCAA
Part III: Stiles' death may unravel mystery
Part IV: Will college football change? Yes
Quotable: Notable thoughts on concussions
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UConn's jump to the Big East this offseason leaves the AAC with 11 conference members


text: Rumbles of discontent in Washington about whether News of the World-style phone hacking has been happening in the US are getting louder. Several US politicians are now calling for alleged misconduct in the US by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation to be investigated. They want to know if his reporters hacked the phones of victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York and Washington, as was reported by one British newspapers. Murdoch's US-based properties include the Wall Street Journal, the New York Post and the right-wing Fox News TV Channel. Al Jazeera's John Terrett reports from Washington DC. SOURCE: Al Jazeera Business & Economy US & Canada United States


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'Start to a bright and healthy day!'
Well begun is half done! Viva is based on the belief that a good start to the day ensures that the rest of it goes well too. New Viva has VitaHealthTM – a combination of 9 essential vVitamins [Vitamin A, D, B1, B2, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folic acid, Vitamin B12 & C], Iron Calcium and Phosphorous. Viva contains the natural goodness of milk, wheat and malted barley. Just 2 cups a day give you the nourishment to help provide a healthy foundation for life and, of course, a great start to the day


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Human capital management is founded in the idea that employees should be viewed as assets, or human capital, with a value that can be measured and whose future should be invested in to enhance that value.
When an organization supports the human capital management concept, it boosts productivity, morale and greatly increases the possibility everyone is working toward the single goal of company growth and success.
How Human Capital Management Works
When an employee implements principles of human capital management, they provide staff with clear and consistent guidelines for expectations in performance across the board.
Employees understand how to behave for the best of the company. Supervisors and managers understand how to get the best out of their teams. Human resources knows specifically what to look for when bringing in new talent.
Employees will be held accountable for their projects and rewarded for achieving goals and initiating innovation and leadership. Managers will rate performance in support of continuous improvement.
When applied strategically, human capital management solves problems through a range of outlets, including automation and outsourcing.
Payroll services, time and attendance, benefits administration, human resources, talent and all involved in these fields will deliver in an integrated and unified way.
Benefits of Human Capital Management
When deployed smartly, human capital management:
- Builds a single solution that streamlines operations and makes everyone a partner in growth and success.
- Maximizes the company's ability to comply with its mission and guidelines of regulatory bodies.
- Helps in the reduction of administrative burdens.
- Enhances human resource management overhead with outsourcing and automation.
- Enforces the idea that there is one workforce goal that will be executed with a customized and strategic plan of action.
- Provides an adaptable solution for any technological platforms the company has in place.
- Assures the organization is ready to meet and exceed the complexities, confusion and compliance challenges in all its doings.
Finding Your Human Capital Management Resources
The right software will significantly change the day-to-day management of record keeping, giving everyone a framework for mapping out succession planning, payroll and benefits administration, industry and government compliance, and the personnel documentation.
Human capital management software will have all the basic functions human resources needs and a wide range of integrated talent management services.
The tech in human capital management software has redefined how a company effectively manages its human capital, gradually transforming the way human resources operates.
This solution is broadening the workforce's social connectivity, giving people of varying skills and focus to move in one direction.
These systems will require companies to reconfigure the nature of human resources and its professionals. But this will be a good thing as the benefits of automation and outsourcing enhances productivity, interactive and more.
These improvements in turn will lead to better hires and higher skill sets.
A business may already have resources in place for management payroll, documentation and employee benefits. A business's most important assets – its employees – should really be given the same care.
From recruitment, cultivation, promoting and retaining the best talent, you need efficient human capital management. It brings out the best in employees and reinforces the entire employee network.


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I have 2 billion photos of the kids but few of us together. When we are together it's on the webcam.
I'm going to spend more time on food photography and family self-portraits. I know in 20 years I'll regret that I have few photos of me interacting with the boys.


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The friend zone has to be the most horrendous place for a guy. The thing is, it's never something that just happens instantly, it's a gradual process over several months.
See you think you're actually getting closer to her and making good progress, when in reality she is just losing any sort of attraction for you every time she sees you.
The fantasies you have of this girl are diminishing fast and your chances of finally getting jiggy with her will be lost if you don't do something soon, it's time to go Rambo and spice things up in this cozy relationship.
You have one of two options here, either risk losing the friendship you've accidentally built by going for broke and changing things up to make her feel attracted to you… or you leave everything just the way it is and hope that one day she will magically turn up on your door step to hump your brains out.
What's it to be? If it's getting out of this depressing friend zone situation, then read and get to work.
If on the other hand, you're happy where you are… get off this page and get back to day dreaming, because you're seriously not cut out for getting what you want out of women.
Let's get started.
Ask her what she thinks of you
If you've been in the friend zone for a while, the first thing you want to do is get her honest opinion of you so that you can gauge how long it's going to take to turn things around.
Say something like…
What do you seriously think of me? And be honest.
Based on her response, you'll understand what needs to be done. The two most common types of answers are:
1. I think you're such an amazing person and a great friend
Oh dear… you're firmly wedged into the friend zone. It's time to bring out the big guns and make some significant changes, fast.
2. You're like a brother to me
You're in a very snug position. Get the war paint on, because this will be a long few months.
What you're probably doing which needs to STOP
There are many things you're doing right now with this girl that are slowly killing any attraction she may have had for you in the beginning and turning you into her little friend she can play with whenever she wants.
You need to stop doing the following:
- Pandering to her needs- By doing exactly what she wants you to do, you're becoming very predictable which is not exciting or sexy, but it's perfect if you're her friend!Never ever do what she wants 100% of the time, treat it like a reward system, only do something for her, when she does something for you. This then lets her know she can't walk all over you.
- Getting overly emotional- Women like security in a man, so if you start bitching and moaning around her, or become overly emotional and over react at little things she does, you're putting the idea into her head that you'd be a terrible boyfriend to have around because you're more emotional than she is.If she does something that pisses you off, don't react… just be cool and get on with your life, she'll soon realise that you're someone she needs because you're a rock, not someone she dreads seeing.
- Talking to her like a friend would- Have you ever come home after a night out with her expecting to get some action, but only ended up talking to her for hours about crap that doesn't matter to you? Yeah, you need to stop that dude.If you get an an invite back to her place it should be for one thing… sex. Not to cuddle up with a hot chocolate and talk about what's happening with a guy she met last week that she's into. Screw that!
- Buying her things – Only buy her something when she deserves it. As in, she's actually done something for you. If you buy her things out of the blue or treat her to things like the cinema, clothes or anything for that matter, she'll start to expect it.
- Showing your insecurities- Never reveal your deepest insecurities to her. Some guys thing that if they do this, they are showing their vulnerable side. Wrong! You're just giving her more reasons to not see you as a sexual partner, so you need to appear as if you have minimal or no insecurities.Women have countless insecurities, they don't want to rip a guys clothes off if they feel sorry for him now do they? So button it and save that stuff for therapy.
Right, so now you know what NOT to do, here's how to get out of that atrocious (no rumpy pumpy) friend zone:
How to get out of the friends zone
- Become more unpredictable- Women love a guy who is unpredictable. They won't verbalise it, but with an unpredictable nature comes excitement and a sense of adventure, which is very sexy. So start living life a little more spontaneously and she'll become much more attracted to you.Go away for a weekend without thinking about it, just pick somewhere and go. Sign up for a dance class of some sort, even book a sky dive… sounds random, but it's spontaneous and broadens your opportunities.
- Socialise with other girls when you're around her – If you know a lot of women, you'll naturally look like a popular guy. This helps with social proof which is extremely attractive to all women, not to mention they will begin to feel protective over you, which is a great sign of them liking you more than just a friend.
- Change up your style- You absolutely need to learn the basics of fashion and create a style that is modern and works with your look. Women adore heterosexual men that can dress well, it's just part of a woman's nature.The moment she sees that you are making an effort with your style will spark some curiosity in her mind, this helps with the whole process. Don't forget, if she's known you for a while, she's seen you time and time again in the same clothes, which is boring – so embrace change.
- Don't agree with her- Never agree with everything a woman says and always speak your mind, say what you feel and don't hold back. That's what friends do, they hold back and let a girl know what she wants to hear, this does no favours what so ever for both of you.This doesn't mean you should be a douche, it just means you should hold your own opinions on things and if you naturally disagree with her on something, tell her – she'll love you for it.
How long will it take to get out?
This is a tough one.
If you're following all the advice here and actually taking action on a daily basis, it should take around 3 to 4 months. However this does depend on how long you've been stuck in the friend zone and also how often you see the girl.
Say you really like her and and seriously want to get with this girl, then the time frame is irrelevant because you're changing things slowly. That's all that matters.
3 rules to avoid ever getting caught in the friends zone again
Here are the three most important rules that you can skim over once in a while to keep you on the sexual side of life, when it comes to women you're attracted to.
Rule 1 (Understand what not to do)
Read the "what not to do" list above and keep reading those points until they sink into your subconscious, you'll be a better man for it.
Rule 2 (Get more options)
In other words start dating more chicks so that you give off the impression that you're unavailable and getting laid. Women will notice this and it will make them want you more.
Rule 3 (Craft your body and mind)
Work on yourself, both mentally and physically. If you look stylish, you have a good physique, you have no insecurities, you're confident and you're emotionally stable… with some decent money coming in, you'll be irresistible to 99% of women out there.
So that's it. This should keep you out of any unwanted friendships with girls, providing you stick to the rules.
Have you been stuck firmly in the friend zone before and managed to get out?


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Australia's Federation Guard was established in 2000 to provide the Australian Government and Australian Defence Force with a permanent ceremonial capability.
AFG provides a Tri-Service ceremonial capability in order to promote the standards, values, traditions and ethos of the Australian Defence Force and Australia.
AFG has a significant role in marking national days of significance such as Australia Day, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day, including conducting ceremonial services in Turkey, France, Belgium and East Timor just to name a few.
AFG conducts a Catafalque Party at the Australian War Memorial (AWM). Over time this event has grown in significance and is now an integral component of the AWM closing ceremony.
Copyright © 2018 Hit104.7's Skyfire - All Rights Reserved.


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ThisIs50 continue their new series about asking rappers their favorite hip hop verse. The latest person to take part in the new segment is Cam'ron.
The Dipset rapper reveals that his favorite hip hop verse is taken from Jay Z's debut single In My Lifetime released back in 1995. The song was produced by Ski and was released via Payday Records.
If you're part of the minority that wonders why Jay Z is considered G.O.A.T. in hip hop. This should remind you.
Listen to Cam'ron's verse above and then checkout the original below.
Cam'ron Recites His Favorite Jay Z Verse Reviewed by King Nel on 10:58:00 AM Rating: