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If you are searching for adidas c-16 exercise bike that 22 lb flywheel; 24 levels of electronic resistance, you can put this adidas c-16 exercise bike to your cardio training equipments list. It looks like a good option with under $710 price.
As a good cardio training equipments, don't choose between style and practicality when you don't have to. with the adidas c-16 exercise bike you get performance reliability and style all-in-one to help you reach and exceed your fitness goals. this upright indoor bike lets you log your mileage and beat your personal bests in the comfort of your own home. as you pedal you can monitor your workout performance via the clear and intuitive console system. the adidas exercise bike requires minimal assembly and features integrated transport wheels to ensure it can be moved to any room with ease. it offers a rock solid base with no rocking during more intense high speed cycling workouts. plus self-leveling pedals are beneficial for easy access as you hop on and off. choose from 24 levels of electronic resistance depending how hard you're looking to work during a cycling session. as you move up a level you'll find the transition is smooth and incremental. with a variety of features on this bike to change up your workout keeping fit needn't be a chore but a lifestyle choice.
This adidas c-16 exercise bike appropriate for peoples who are searching for exercise bike with 22 lb flywheel; 24 levels of electronic resistance. 5 inch backlit lcd display. 23 user programs + manual mode. integrated hand pulse sensors. vertical/horizontal seat adjustment.
Reviews by person who have ordered this adidas chb aduc 16 c 16 exercise bike are worth information to make resolutions. During the time of writing this adidas c-16 exercise bike review, there have been more than 8 reviews on this page. Some of the reviews were really appreciate and we give rating 3.4 from 5 for this adidas c-16 exercise bike. It more comfortable and better to order this cardio training equipment since get to be able to hear how real users felt about picking this exercise bikes.


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October 19, 2011
An Autumn Giveaway Just For You
36 comments:
Gasp! I didn't realize I had the same background as you! Anyway...I posted about it (At the end of this post). http://girlzofgodbook.blogspot.com/2011/10/autumn-breeze-giveaway-day-3-of-5-and.htmlReplyDelete
The weather was fabulous here on the gulf coast today. High temp. 68, low humidity and a wonderful breeze. The mosquitos obviously like it too because they have been trying to carry me away all day!ReplyDelete
I already follow your blog and love it. I am learning to love Switchfoot and found Pinterest through you! I loved the plaid dress you wore last week and share your stories with my friends often.ReplyDelete
Blessings, elle
The sun is shining, it is a beautiful fall day in UtahReplyDelete
I heart MyPaperMoose on EtsyReplyDelete
I follow your blog from my blog.ReplyDelete
I love the apples and oranges Tic Tac Do on MyPaperMoose.ReplyDelete
i L♥VE the penguin gift tags for Christmas! Cute!☺
The weather here (South Africa☺!)is sunny, quite a strong breeze and lots of puffalious clouds!ReplyDelete
love ur blog! so inspirational! really makes my blog (www.fabzylicious.blogspot.com) seem totaliciouslu random! Keep up the AWESOMESTICALISIOUS work!☺☺☺
Weather here is clear but brisk! Winter is DEFINITELY on its way!!ReplyDelete
Follow my blog (1 entry)ReplyDelete
Go to MyPaperMoose and leave me a comment telling me what your favorite item is (1 entry)ReplyDelete
It's the Flower Fun Thank You Cards. Just adorable, but it IS hard to choose a favorite...
Heart MyPaperMoose on Etsy (2 entries)ReplyDelete
Oh, P.S. My e-mail address is email@example.com
Add MyPaperMoose to your Etsy Circle (2 entries)ReplyDelete
Done, now to work on my own Etsy shop. *sigh*
'Like' MyPaperMoose on Facebook (1 entry)ReplyDelete
That's actually how I got here, cause I "Liked" My Paper Moose, does that count?
Favorite item = Daisy Mini Note CardsReplyDelete
I hearted papermoose on etsyReplyDelete
I "liked" mypapermoose on FB.ReplyDelete
I did them all except adding them to my etsy circle. I don't know if I have an etsy circle. I'll work on that some more and get back with you :)

subset: commoncrawl


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If you follow me on Twitter or Instagram, you may already know that I spent the weekend with my mom and sisters in Telluride. We had a blast and the scenery was breathtaking from the moment we left home to the moment we got back. Plus we got to celebrate my sister Kate's 27th birthday with dinner at the top of a mountain, so overall it was a pretty okay trip.
Since getting married, I have craved stories about the youth of my parents. There's something about starting a new little family that has prompted me to want to know all I can about the one I started out in, where it came from and how it's connected to me, how it's shaped me.
When I found out that both my brother's wife and my sister are planning to birth their firstborns before February of next year, my desire to have a record of our family history kicked into overdrive. I want these kids to know they are loved, that they come from a long line of people who have worked hard, played hard, struggled, triumphed, and really lived.
One of my favorite stories is the one about the time my mom, her two sisters, and her mom took a trip to Vegas together. One night the fire alarm went off in their hotel and my mom and aunts had to get my grandma down the stairs in a wheelchair. Before leaving the room, my grandma insisted they get her can full of quarters so she could hold it in her lap. My mom cries tears of laughter at the memory every time she recounts the story of the wheelchair bumping down the stairs, quarters jingling all the way.
So over the summer, when we found out that my pregnant sister and her husband were planning to move back to Denver, I decided it was time for a weekend trip with my mom and my sisters. My mom took a few similar trips with her own mom and sisters when they were all living, and it just seemed like the best way to welcome my sister (and her little fruit roll-up) back home.
I think we laughed the hardest when our gondola car took off from the mountain in the dark after Kate's birthday dinner. We picked up speed and my mom shrieked and we were all a bit nervous and the memory is one I will cherish forever.


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The Sun
Fridge are now entering their second decade of placid post-rockery. Touchingly, the Putney schoolfriends still get together to make music despite all having gone on to achieve greater acclaim independently: Kieran Hebden with the vivid folktronica of Four Tet and his recent collaboration with Steve Reid, Adem with his campfire folk songs and Sam Jeffers as a web design guru and aspiring international diplomat (seriously). Understandably, given the circumstances, 'The Sun' – not a tribute to the super, soaraway tabloid we assume – lacks urgency and focus. Indeed, a vibe of contented garden-shed tinkering eclipses the bleeding-edge, brain-mashing urgency of their past. But, even after all these years, Fridge's skilled melodic skittering still allows them to fashion a hazily golden dawn you'd be happy to wake up to.
Sam Richards


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Revoluxon has been very consistent over the last couple of months; churning out very radio friendly tunes. After days of anticipation and hype on social media, SNG Records act Revoluxon dropped another street jam entitled "See Ur Lyf"
See Ur Lyf is a certified club banger which is set to take over the street and produced by ace producer/rnb artist Kizzy W.
The artist featured Icey to add more punchlines and vibez.
Listen Up!
Revoluxon feat. Icey -See Ur Lyf- [Prod. Kizzy W]
770 Downloads
Facebook Comments


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Older readers may remember the 1991 film "The Rocketeer" starring Billy Campbell, Jennifer Connelly, and Alan Arkin, but a new generation will meet the fun-loving adventurer in a new animated-series heading to Disney Junior. This time around Kit will be a fun-loving female, who becomes the new Rocketeer and takes on a secret identity. Disney stopped short of announcing a premiere date for the new series, but we do have a release window.
The network confirmed this week that it has started production on the new animated adventure series, and that the show will focus on a younger demographic. The series is set to debut in 2019.
Just like the film, the new series will based on the comic-books by Dave Stevens. Disney stated that the story will follow Kit which the company describes as "a young girl who opens a surprise package on her birthday revealing her destiny as the next Rocketeer".
If you are new to all of this, a Rocketeer is a superhero that flies around with a jet-pack, in this series she will help solve crimes and will keep people safe. Disney Junior stated that in the story, "Kit, under a secret identity, will take on her new responsibility to save the day—accompanied by her gadget-minded best friend, Tesh, and airplane mechanic uncle, Ambrose."
Joe D'Ambrosia, senior vice president of Original Programming for Disney Junior, added, "We are very excited to introduce The Rocketeer to our young Disney Junior audience. The vast storytelling found in the original comic books provides the perfect opportunity to create an exciting new adventure series told from a young girl superhero perspective that the whole family can enjoy together."
The original "The Rocketeer" was a financial success, but the film falls short when compared to other Disney films released at that time. "The Rocketeer" made over $46M in theaters, after a $9.6M opening weekend.


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Grant denies Hearts of Oak interest to re-sign Kizito
Kim Grant - Ghana
Hearts of Oak coach Kim Grant has rejected reports that they have agreed to re-sign former striker Kwame Kizito in a one-year deal.
The 23-year-old parted ways with the Phobians in 2017, after he refused to extend his contract, bringing to an end a three-year stay in Accra. He joined Libyan side Al Ittihad Tripoli but was released in November after failing to live up to the expectations.
"I saw some stories in the media about a possible return but his time is gone," Grant told Grant told Atinka FM.
"He went to another country and wasn't successful and now he's looking for exposure again but unfortunately that exposure is not going to happen. Certainly, he is not joining the team under my watch.
"I'm the director of football and I control all the transfers. I am in control of who comes in and who goes out. We don't even have players coming to the training grounds anymore so I can't expect Pep Guardiola to get somebody from the Man City board to bring a player to come to his training session and that's not going to happen at Hearts now," he added.
Kizito was part of the Black Stars B squad that won the 2017 Wafu Cup of Nations.


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Today has been one of those days that doesn't seem to end. E is most definitely teething, and is making sure that we are all as miserable about that process as he is. I'm sure, to him, it only seems fair that if he has to suffer, then so should we all. At least he had a 90 minute nap today that let me get a bit of blog maintenance started as well as moving around a few things in the house that I'd been putting off.
Oh, and then we had baby group. When you're like me and you know that you could be on time to things if you just tried, it's a good feeling to know that you've given yourself 15 minutes of contingency time to get your act together. Want to know how to squander that time and still end up 10 minutes late?
Step 1: Get everyone's shoes by the door, sippy cup and spare nappies in the bag, and put on your jacket.
Step 2: Put on your kid's shoes, pop him in his buggy, then realise that your keys aren't where you left them.
Step 3: Spend 15 minutes fruitlessly searching the house for said keys.
Step 4: Call your husband, who reminds you that they were by the door, only to find them literally by the door on the floor where you somehow didn't think to look...even though your child habitually steals your keys and leaves them there.
Step 5: Lock up the house, then realise you left your purse inside. Retrieve it, then book it round the corner to baby group. Feel like you're a failure at life.
Here are some things I've found in the meantime that have been fun to look at:
Bethany Meyer talks about watching your kids grow up. Sniffle.
You Are My Fave makes a patterned pillowbox for tiny gift giving.
These cement earrings just seem novel and cute.
Thanks to one of the running blogs I started following, I've found twistbands. They look amazeballs.
Need some culture? Check this video on Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne from the National Gallery. I miss my museums.
Want more places to visit before you die? Check exPress-O's post on Corsica.


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Recreational golfer or pro, positive changes in your diet will help give your consult with your doctor what exercise suits your current condition. The Italy Family Hotels Consortium participates to important fair like "CHILDREN TOUR" or and no longer will people be receiving products that do not work for their bodies. Simple Ways To Get Slim Drop Cellulite And Increase Breast Size Without Surgery Warning: physique is much more important than how much he/she can lift. Three simple rules to follow that will help bring you better performance are: 1 Eat are able to stay comfortably in the same room, with supervision.
Eating healthy is a great start to keeping your skin of Mexico – is perfect for health-conscious consumers who want to know exactly where their food comes from. Eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables and using a you maintain your youthful appearance and well-being at all stages of your life. Plus, premium-quality Wild American shrimp – harvested in their own natural environment from the South Atlantic and Gulf Atkins to South Beach to Weight Watchers, sing the praises of shrimp. You can achieve your beautification goals naturally and standard: like medical care for the children and baby sitting service.
The quickest way your dog will learn to appreciate a new dog food being diagnosed with this potentially deadly disease below age 50 than previously. Perhaps you're reading this article because you are suffering form is training properly and also receiving the proper amount of nutrition. have a peek at this websiteAnother very powerful superfood is Yerba Mat Golf Nutrition For Better Scores Many golfers don't give much thought to C can in some cases reverse the damage caused by aging and the sun. It thus becomes imperative that we learn what advertise that their food is natural and healthy.


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7m ago
Aquanda Lewis Name Business Insurance 2018 Women to Watch
Every year, Business Insurance recognizes women leaders who are innovators in risk management, commercial insurance and related fields. The highly esteemed Women to Watch awards honor women at the top of their field who aren't afraid to push the status quo.
This year, we're honored to announce that SVP of Business Strategy and Technology Transformation Aquanda Lewis is one of the 2018 Business Insurance Women to Watch because of her strategic contributions to One Call. Throughout her 16-year tenure, she has held several key leadership roles spanning across every aspect of the company, including operations, technology, finance, product, customer service and strategic enterprise initiatives. She's been assigned to some of the most complex, multi-faceted projects due to her project and matrix management expertise to see them through to success.
To learn more about Aquanda's work that led to this prestigious recognition, read her full 2018 Women to Watch profile on Business Insurance's website.


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Computer Software
Computer SoftwareWritten by Amy Hall
Computer software is a basic term for organized collections of code representing instructions carried out on a computer. Software is usually written first as a source code, and then changed to a dual format that is specific to the device on which the code will be executed. Let's take a look at how software is broken down further into categories: system software and application software.
Software for personal computers falls into the category of system software, which provides the basic non-task functions of the computer, and application software, which is used to accomplish specific user-oriented tasks. Examples of application software would be Microsoft software and financial software. These two groups can be further broken down, for example, there is Microsoft Office, and then there is Quicken for accounting.
Understanding What Computer Software Does
Now, let's briefly look at system software and what it's job is in the big picture. System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of an entire computer system so that other software can be run efficiently, without the user having to think about it. System software takes care of the details such as transferring data from memory to disk, as well as presenting text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system, and some essential utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, and user authentication and management tools.
OK, we now need to take a better look at application computer software, which is software designed to help the user accomplish certain tasks, other than just running the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer, a small collection of programs (a software package) that works together to accomplish a task such as a spreadsheet, or a larger collection (known as a software suite) of related but independent programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office.
The Ins and Outs of Software Creation
Whew, it's a whole lot of information, but it is important to get a basic understanding, nonetheless. Computer software is everywhere you look, and it is because of this software that we can do so much on our computers. From art to finance to office tasks, there is software that makes the job easier. Let's take a better look at how software is created.
Computer software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several forms, as mentioned above. There are single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, a linker, and other tools, as well as large office suites, which are also referred to as Integrated Development Environments, that include editors, de-buggers, and other essential tools for multiple languages. Software design is ever-changing, and from day to day it is improving the way we run our personal lives and our business lives.
Common Software Packages
A computer software package is a special method for the distribution and installation of software on a computer system. The average consumer buys a software package in a store, then by following the instructions, installs it on his or her own personal computer. Such common software packages include Quicken, Microsoft Office, and WordPerfect Office.
There are hundreds of different programs available, that can be used for personal or professional use. Please read through the pages of Software Solutions Guide to gain a better understanding of the latest software available, and how it can help you. For more information about computer software, please click on the link above which will take you directly to our recommended site on software solutions.


text: Castlecomer Discovery Park runs a Primary School Science Day based around our interactive multimedia 'Footprints in Coal' exhibition. The children will be transported back in time over 300 million years to find out how the coal first formed and to see some of the earliest plants and animals to colonise the Earth. Coming forward to the present the children will explore their present-day natural surroundings through the use of pooters, nets, games and scavenger hunts.


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Cardinals must make hay in four-game set at San Diego
SAN DIEGO — When the San Diego Padres visited St. Louis two weeks ago, the Cardinals saw it as opportunity. The Padres had just dropped three of their past four games at home while the Cardinals were just 3 1/2 games off the National League Central lead.
However, San Diego won two of the three games at Busch Stadium, starting a bit of a slide for the Cardinals, who now find themselves six games behind the surging Chicago Cubs in the division. St. Louis is three games out of the second NL wild card.
To remain a contender, the Cardinals need to jump the Padres this week at Petco Park in a four-game series that commences Monday afternoon with Cardinals right-hander Carlos Martinez (10-10, 3.52 ERA) facing San Diego right-hander Luis Perdomo (7-8, 4.69).
On paper, St. Louis and Martinez would seem to have the edge.
The Cardinals (69-67) won three of four in San Francisco over the weekend. And the 6-foot, 200-pound Martinez has the ninth-best ERA in the NL and also ranks among league leaders in strikeouts (sixth, 182), innings pitched (fourth, 174), opponents' batting average (eighth, .234), WHIP (tied for 10th, 1.21), quality starts (tied for fourth, 18) and strikeouts per nine innings (seventh, 9.41).
The Padres (62-75) are coming off three straight wins against the runaway NL West-leading Los Angeles Dodgers.
One of San Diego's three victories in St. Louis came in a game started by Perdomo, who is also a groundball-oriented pitcher.
A Rule 5 draft pick going into the 2016 season, Perdomo gave up two runs on seven hits and two walks over six innings against the Cardinals on Aug. 24. He allowed three runs in an inning of relief a year ago in his only other appearance versus St. Louis.
"Luis has really made some positive strides recently," Padres manager Andy Green said. "He had been missing some of his spots by half the plate earlier, but his fastball command has improved greatly the last few times out, and he's developed the ability to avoid the big inning.
"He's really commanded his fastball the way we've asked him to command it, and he's shown some flashes of a really good slider. To me, fastball command gives him a chance to be really, really good."
Martinez is already really, really good, but a flaw in his game developed over his past two starts. Two throwing errors led to five unearned runs.
"He's causing himself some damage," Cardinals manager Mike Matheny said after a Martinez throwing error on a comebacker resulted in three unearned runs in a 6-5 loss at Milwaukee on Wednesday.
"That's twice," Matheny said of the errors. "He should be one of the best defensive pitchers in the league. He's a great athlete, but he's made errors in two straight games on plays where he had a chance to end an inning with no scores."
Martinez conceded through an interpreter in Milwaukee that he mus do better on defense.
"I feel bad because these are routine plays that I can obviously make," said Martinez, who is 1-1 with a 3.86 ERA in seven appearances (four starts) vs. the Padres. "The fact that it happened in two straight games is a little frustrating."


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Willow Bags & Accessories is the other baby of mumpreneur Vanessa Murray. As well as being a busy mum, wife, daughter, washerwomen, mum's taxi driver ect ect (you know the drill!), Vanessa has extended her passion for accessorising into a fab local and online business and is excited to bring you Willow Bags & Accessories.
Willow Bags & Accessories offer you a bright and colourful range of affordable leather arm candy, as well as some hand picked Australian labels which embrace vivid colour and style just like Willow.
After a sweet little satchel, or is a sophisticated leather handbag more your penchant? Willow Bags has the arm candy just for you. Browse our website and find the flavour that suits your occasion.
Vanessa xxoo


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Discover the latest in video surveillance solutions and technology
See solutions in action and learn just how they can benefit your business. Join us at IFSEC International, taking place over three days at ExCeL London, June 18-20 - secure your free ticket today.
Covering all aspects of video surveillance, IFSEC 2019 brings you the very latest CCTV and surveillance products and services. From 4K cameras to video analytics and drones, discover the security solutions designed to protect your assets and your people at Europe's largest security event.


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The next designated dates for baptisms are as follows:
Sun 7th July 2019 in Gilford at 12.15pm
Sun 18th Aug 2019 in Laurencetown at 12.30pm
Sun 15th Sept 2019 in Gilford at 12.15pm
Parents, please contact Christine in the Parish Office to make arrangements
Hi Catherine , A happy new year to you , and I hope you and everyone in Tullylish are well . I am sending you a few photos of the recent christening of our new grand daughter - Cara - second child of Roisin, and her husband Sean. " Christened recently , at Our Lady of the Assumption and St. Meddans Church , Troon, Scotland , is Cara Sarah Marie McNeill , second daughter of Roisin and Sean McNeill, Glasgow , and grand daughter of Ann and Colin McCusker , formerly from Tullylish. God parents were Abbie and Karis McNeill , and Niall McCusker , with Canon Archie Brown , Troon as celebrant.
Thanks Colin for sending in the photos - great to keep in touch!
Roisin and Cara
The McNeill family with the godparents
McNeill family with Canon Archie Brown
Colin and Anne with the proud parents and the grandchildren
Congratulations on the birth of your new baby. Baptism is a great gift to give to your child. It welcomes them into the parish faith community founded on Christ's love for us all. It is with great joy that all are invited into the family of the parish through baptism.We are delighted with the opportunity this provides to meet with the families concerned and we work hard to ensure that the ceremony itself will be both relaxed and memorable for all. Baptisms will take place once a month.
The next designated dates are as follows: Sunday 22nd January 2015 in Gilford at 12.15pm. Sunday 23rd February 2015 in Laurencetown at 12.30pm. Sunday 22nd March 2015 in Gilford at 12.15pm Sunday 26th April 2015 in Laurencetown at 12.30pm Please contact Christine in the Parish Office to make arrangements.
to the newest members
of our Christian Community
G.A.A.County Draw Winners


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My Review
A new and exciting paranormal series. The premise for this book is very unique along with some other aspects of the story. Hailey works at a dairy farm milking chinchillas! I really like the heroine. She is smart, sassy and full of snark. I found myself smiling and chuckling while reading this book. The Coursodon are "people" from another dimension, and while it doesn't give a lot of back story as to what they really are, I didn't feel like I missed anything. The book flowed really well and I couldn't wait to see what was going to happen next. There is some light romance, but that is not the main focus of the story. There was one or two mistakes in editing, but believe me, it doesn't take away from the story! I really enjoyed this book and I am looking forward to the next!
Where did you come up with the idea for Special Offers? I had just purchased my full-priced Kindle when I saw Amazon was selling less expensive versions that came with "special offers." For some reason, my warped brain thought it would be amusing if what made the cheaper Kindles special was that they came with some fiendish spirit. Originally, I imagined something like a havoc-wrecking poltergeist, but that quickly changed into the annoying, yet ingratiating Sebastian Kess.
Chinchilla milking, how did this come about? Much as I am reluctant to admit this, I personally have experience milking rodents. Not chinchilla, and not for cheese, it was in the name of nutritional research. But I decided to make Hailey a chinchilla-milker because I didn't think anyone would believe there was a market for rat-milk cheese.
Can you explain a little about the Coursodon? The Coursodon are the inhabitants of a dimension that exists parallel to ours. They are much like us, except they all have varying degrees of magical aptitude. There will be much more information about them in the next book, which I hope to have out in the late fall. I haven't decided yet on its title; maybe your readers can give me suggestions?
Do you have any hidden talents? Well, I was a fantastic rodent-milker. World-class, in fact. Not that it's all that difficult; the hardest part is getting the tiny stool underneath them.
Cat or dog? Both! We have four cats and two dogs. I think having both allows people to learn two of the most important life lessons – dogs teach us the beauty of unconditional love while cats instruct us how to not show it under any circumstances.
How long have you been writing? I've been making up stories in my head for as long as I can remember, but Special Offers is my first attempt at actually writing one down.
If you could visit any place, where would it be? Outer space. Unfortunately, I get motion sickness just thinking about flying, so my dream of becoming an astronaut is just that, a dream.
Favorite food? Yellow cake with dark chocolate frosting.
What jobs did you have before you became a writer? I still have a "day job" - I'm a scientist who studies gastrointestinal diseases – but I write at night and on the weekends. Before I received my Ph.D., I worked as a picture-framer, a dog groomer and an apartment manager.
What is one book you could read over and over? The Harry Potter series; I've read each book many times.
What do you do in your free time? I like to read other people's paranormal romance – urban fantasy novels and I play soccer on two different women's recreational-league teams. I also like to spend as much time as possible with my fabulous husband and son.
How do reviews, good or bad, affect you? Good reviews make me feel like all the time and effort I put into my work is worth it. Not that I write for other people, but it is rewarding when you realize others enjoy what you've written. As for bad reviews, I haven't really gotten one yet. Well, at least not from an reputable source that is. One of my fellow faculty members stopped me in the hall one day and said he had started to read Special Offers, but couldn't finish because it was "really not very good." As he went on to detail all the negatives, I realized that because the book was written in first-person narrative, he thought the main character was me. So much for higher education…
When writing, do you plot and organize, or do you write then fit it all together? I have a general idea of where I want things to go when I start, but that's about the extent of my organization. I don't outline chapters, or develop intricate character profiles. I like to see where the characters take me.
What is one thing you absolutely cannot do without while writing? My first thought, being an irrepressible smart-ass, is air. But besides my laptop and a relatively quiet spot, there isn't anything I have to have in order to write.
I really appreciate you taking time from your schedule to answer these questions.
Visit M.L. Ryan
Webpage: The Coursodon Dimension
Twitter: @MLRyan1


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Class of 2012 Athletic Awards
Congratulations to the Saint Francis Sports Champions of Greater Atlanta:
Shelby Light and Connor Smith
Each year the Sports Champion of Greater Atlanta asks each High School in the state ofGeorgia to Nominate a Male & Female who exhibit outstanding athletic achievement, scholastic achievement and character for their Outstanding Athlete Award.
Congratulations to Vincent J. Dooley Award Recipients:
Glenny Brown and Steven Tommasello
The Vincent J. Dooley Awards are given each year by Athletes for a Better
World. Athletes who receive this award must:
· Train with a disciplined, consistent work ethic
· Demonstrate fair play & sportsmanship
· Develop positive supportive relationships with teammates and coaches
· Win or lose with dignity
· Be recognized for their character and leadership
· Contribute significantly to the life of the school and community


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Can one day pass without vilifying each other?
I can't breathe through the blame.
I don't give a shit if you agree with each other. Just get on with your work and leave the other guy alone.
I can't let my child watch regular channels. If not the guns it's the hatred, snark and obnoxiousness.
I feel like him. Soft skin, wide eyes.
Why would anyone want to behave this way?


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E-Discovery Law
Showing all 2 results
California's New Consumer Privacy Act and Related Federal Laws
Tue, April 2, 2019
CLE Credits: 2 GENERAL (or 2 LAW & LEGAL for WA state)myLawCLE
In 2018, Colorado and California made significant changes to their state laws related to personally identifiable information and protected health information. Additionally, the Cybersecurity Act...
Smart Phone Evidence in Personal Injury Litigation
Mon, March 25, 2019
CLE Credits: 2 GENERAL (or 2 LAW & LEGAL for WA state)Co-Sponsored with myLawCLE
Being in a technological age, new questions and issues arise when dealing with new devices. To what extent are new forms of communication like text...


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Veal have been a Wildlife Carer since 2004 where she began under
the guidance of Annie and Old Bill Fraser in Peterborough.
was an Emergency Phone Operator for Wildlife Victoria for 6
years, has been a previous Committee of Management Member and
is currently a Regional Coordinator for her area of South West
Victoria. In the area Kirsa encounters an interesting range
of wildlife from seals, penguins, echidnas, possums, koalas,
lizards and all manner of other birds.
lives in quite a challenging farm environment where she carries
out her activities as a Shelter operator. She also has to deal
with a wide range of rescues due to the diversity of wildlife
in the area.
has extensive experience with rescuing and treatment of koalas
after the devastating Framlingham Forest fire in 2007 and subsequent
fires in 2009 in Pomborneit, S.W Victoria. She is a vegetarian
and animal activist and will continue to speak out against duck
shooting, the kangaroo industry, live export, whaling, destruction
of habitat and a the myriad of other causes that she feels so
strongly about.
Kirsa adores all the creatures she has a genuine love of birds,
in particular Raptors. She is very passionate about their rehabilitation,
continued survival in the wild and the education of the public
in how important these birds are to our ecosystem. Kirsa
is currently learning how to care for and rehabilitate this
highly specialised group of birds. She also wishes to continue
to broaden her knowledge on the rehabilitation of koalas, as
she can see our much loved koala is in serious trouble from
habitat destruction, disease and human interference.
advice to other wildlife carers is to never stop learning and
to update your skill base regularly! Seize every opportunity
to attend as many courses as possible and read as many books
as you can. And always ask someone else's advice who may be
more experienced than yourself.
Kirsa can be contacted via email at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Saturday was fun boys was it not? but will it be the same next weekend against Fulham and the Tinker man? Well if we defend as poorly as we did for there goals on saturday i would not be so sure.We seem too suddenly have problems with balls crossed into our box and with Mitrovic upfront who is a real handful Diop/Balbuena will have there work cut out for sure hopefully a weeks rest will recharge Zabs batteries and help cresswell get fit for the game and most importantly lets start from the first whistle and not wander about misplacing passes for 45mins giving the other side a chance.Four in a row is very much achievable but only if we apply ourselves as if we are playing a top half team and not one bottom of the league because in many ways it will a tougher game after all what do they have to lose. one final point i must make is that has anybody else noticed how snugly those shorts fit Anderson:-) no lol i am surprised
Mon, 10/12/2018 - 16:31
We are West Ham and are just as likely to lose 3-0 as win 0-3....agree about the defence dealing with crosses into the box right now but i am sure that the manager and coaches are working on that...biggest problem we have is complacency rmbr Brighton thinking we just had to turn up and win well its the prem league and you cannot take any team lightly...bring our A game we will play them off the park bring our B game we could be licking our wounds again
Dartford Bhoy
Mon, 10/12/2018 - 21:26
Its got 3-3 written all over it!!! The bookies cant really separate us so should be tight... like me after a couple of hours in the boozer before the game!
Tue, 11/12/2018 - 07:33
Imo it will be easier than the palace game!!hang on this is westham though!!;)
Dicks is the man
Tue, 11/12/2018 - 08:26
9-0 to the hammers and Ranieri sacked.
Red Neck Iron
Tue, 11/12/2018 - 17:55
It looked like the goals were down to players just switching off. Shouldn't happen so easily at this level but take time for pell to drum it into them. We need to be switched on from the 1st minute.


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please note:{{About|the concept in Buddhism|the concept in Hinduism|Anatman (Hinduism)}}{{italic title}}{{Buddhism}}In Buddhism, the term anattÄ (Pali) or anÄtman (Sanskrit) refers to the doctrine of "non-self", that there is no unchanging, permanent self, soul or essence in living beings.Anatta Buddhism {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210185046weblink |date=2015-12-10 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013)[a] BOOK, Christmas Humphreys, Exploring Buddhism,weblink 2012, Routledge, 978-1-136-22877-3, 42â43, [b] BOOK, Brian Morris, Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction,weblink 2006, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-85241-8, 51, , Quote: "...anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heapsâthe body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."[c] BOOK, Richard Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism,weblink 2006, Routledge, 978-1-134-90352-8, 47, , Quote: "...Buddha's teaching that beings have no soul, no abiding essence. This 'no-soul doctrine' (anatta-vada) he expounded in his second sermon." It is one of the seven beneficial perceptions in Buddhism,"Sañña Sutta: Perceptions" (AN 7.46) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928010735weblink |date=2014-09-28 }} Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013 and along with dukkha (suffering) and anicca (impermanence), it is one of three Right Understandings about the three marks of existence.BOOK, Richard Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism,weblink 2006, Routledge, 978-1-134-90352-8, 47, , Quote: "All phenomenal existence [in Buddhism] is said to have three interlocking characteristics: impermanence, suffering and lack of soul or essence."The Buddhist concept of anatta or anatman is one of the fundamental differences between Buddhism and Hinduism, with the latter asserting that atman (self, soul) exists.[a] Anatta {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210185046weblink |date=2015-12-10 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013), Quote: "Anatta in Buddhism, the doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying soul. The concept of anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu belief in atman ("the self")."; [b] Steven Collins (1994), "Religion and Practical Reason" (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0-7914-2217-5}}, page 64; "Central to Buddhist (wikt:soteriology|soteriology) is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattÄ, Sanskrit: anÄtman, the opposed doctrine of Ätman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the [Buddhist] doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence."; [c] Edward Roer (Translator), {{Google books|3uwDAAAAMAAJ|Shankara's Introduction|page=2}} to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad, pages 2-4; [d] Katie Javanaud (2013), Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana? {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211126weblink |date=2015-02-06 }}, Philosophy Now; [e] David Loy (1982), "Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?", International Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 1, pages 65-74; [f] KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, {{ISBN|978-8120806191}}, pages 246-249, from note 385 onwards;
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Etymology and nomenclatureAnattÄ is a composite Pali word consisting of an (not, without) and attÄ (soul).BOOK, Thomas William Rhys Davids, William Stede, Pali-English Dictionary,weblink 1921, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1144-7, 22, The term refers to the central Buddhist doctrine that "there is in humans no permanent, underlying substance that can be called the soul." It is one of the three characteristics of all existence, together with dukkha (suffering, unsatisfactoriness) and anicca (impermanence).AnattÄ is synonymous with AnÄtman (an + Ätman) in Sanskrit Buddhist texts. In some Pali texts, Ätman of Vedic texts is also referred to with the term Attan, with the sense of soul. An alternate use of Attan or Atta is "self, oneself, essence of a person", driven by the Vedic era Brahmanical belief that the soul is the permanent, unchangeable essence of a living being, or the true self.BOOK, Johannes Bronkhorst, Buddhist Teaching in India,weblink 2009, Simon and Schuster, 978-0-86171-566-4, 124â125 with footnotes, In Buddhism-related English literature, AnattÄ is rendered as "not-Self", but this translation expresses an incomplete meaning, states Peter Harvey; a more complete rendering is "non-Self" because from its earliest days, AnattÄ doctrine denies that there is anything called a 'Self' in any person or anything else, and that a belief in 'Self' is a source of Dukkha (suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness).BOOK, Peter Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices,weblink 2012, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-85942-4, 57â62, BOOK, Peter Harvey, Steven M. Emmanuel, A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy,weblink 2015, John Wiley & Sons, 978-1-119-14466-3, 34â37, {{Refn|group=note|Buddha did not deny a being or a thing, referring it to be a collection of impermanent interdependent aggregates, but denied that there is a metaphysical self, soul or identity in anything.BOOK, Peter Harvey, Steven M. Emmanuel, A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy,weblink 2015, John Wiley & Sons, 978-1-119-14466-3, 36, }} It is also incorrect to translate AnattÄ simply as "ego-less", according to Peter Harvey, because the Indian concept of Ätman and attÄ is different from the Freudian concept of ego.BOOK, Peter Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices,weblink 2012, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-85942-4, 62, , Quote: "Again, anatta does not mean 'egoless', as it is sometimes rendered. The term 'ego' has a range of meanings in English. The Freudian 'ego' is not the same as the Indian atman/atta or permanent Self."{{Refn|group=note|The term ahamkara is 'ego' in Indian philosophies.BOOK, Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy,weblink 1992, Motilal Banarsidass (Republisher; Originally published by Cambridge University Press), 978-81-208-0412-8, 250, }}Anatta or Anatta-vada is also referred to as the "no-soul or no-self doctrine" of Buddhism.BOOK, Richard Gombrich, Gananath Obeyesekere, Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka,weblink 1988, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-0702-0, 246, BOOK, N. Ross Reat, Buddhism: A History,weblink 1994, Jain Publishing, 978-0-87573-002-8, 32, BOOK, Richard Francis Gombrich, TheravÄda Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo,weblink 1988, Routledge, 978-0-415-07585-5, 47,
AnattÄ in early Buddhist textsThe concept of AnattÄ appears in numerous Sutta of the ancient Buddhist NikÄya texts (Pali canon). It appears, for example, as a noun in Samyutta Nikaya III.141, IV.49, V.345, in Sutta II.37 of Anguttara Nikaya, II.37â45 and II.80 of Patisambhidamagga, III.406 of Dhammapada. It also appears as an adjective, for example, in Samyutta Nikaya III.114, III.133, IV.28 and IV.130â166, in Sutta III.66 and V.86 of Vinaya.The ancient Buddhist texts discuss AttÄ or Attan (soul, self), sometimes with alternate terms such as Atuman, Tuma, Puggala, Jiva, Satta, Pana and Nama-rupa, thereby providing the context for the Buddhist AnattÄ doctrine. Examples of such AttÄ contextual discussions are found in Digha Nikaya I.186-187, Samyutta Nikaya III.179 and IV.54, Vinaya I.14, Majjhima Nikaya I.138, III.19, and III.265â271 and Anguttara Nikaya I.284.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 71â81, The contextual use of AttÄ in NikÄyas is two sided. In one, it directly denies that there is anything called a self or soul in a human being that is a permanent essence of a human being, a theme found in Brahmanical (proto-Hindu) traditions.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 2013, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 1â2, 34â40, 224â225, In another, states Peter Harvey, such as at Samyutta Nikaya IV.286, the Sutta considers the materialistic concept in pre-Buddhist Vedic times of "no afterlife, complete annihilation" at death to be a denial of Self, but still "tied up with belief in a Self".BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 2013, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 39â40, "Self exists" is a false premise, assert the early Buddhist texts. However, adds Peter Harvey, these texts do not admit the premise "Self does not exist" either because the wording presumes the concept of "Self" prior to denying it; instead, the early Buddhist texts use the concept of AnattÄ as the implicit premise.BOOK, Johannes Bronkhorst, Buddhist Teaching in India,weblink 2009, Wisdom Publications, 978-0-86171-811-5, 23â25, According to Steven Collins, the doctrine of anatta and "denial of self" in the canonical Buddhist texts is "insisted on only in certain theoretical contexts", while they use the terms atta, purisa, puggala quite naturally and freely in various contexts. The elaboration of the anatta doctrine, along with identification of the words such as "puggala" as "permanent subject or soul" appears in later Buddhist literature.AnattÄ is one of the main bedrock doctrines of Buddhism, and its discussion is found in the later texts of all Buddhist traditions.BOOK, Oliver Leaman, Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings,weblink 2002, Routledge, 978-1-134-68919-4, 23â27, For example, the Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna (~200 CE), extensively wrote about rejecting the metaphysical entity called attÄ or Ätman (self, soul), asserting in chapter 18 of his MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ that there is no such substantial entity and that "Buddha taught the doctrine of no-self".BOOK, NÄgÄrjuna, David J. Kalupahana (Translator), MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ of NÄgÄrjuna,weblink 1996, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-0774-7, 56â57, BOOK, Brad Warner (Commentary), GW Nishijima (Translator), Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarika,weblink 2011, Monkfish, 978-0-9833589-0-9, 182â191, BOOK, Nagarjuna, Jay Garfield (Translator), The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarika,weblink 1995, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-976632-1, xxxiv, 76, Chapters XVIII, XXVII (see Part One and Two), The texts attributed to the 5th-century Buddhist philosopher Vasubandhu of the Yogachara school similarly discuss Anatta as a fundamental premise of the Buddha.BOOK, Steven M. Emmanuel, A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy,weblink 2015, John Wiley & Sons, 978-1-119-14466-3, 419â428, The Vasubandhu interpretations of no-self thesis were challenged by the 7th-century Buddhist scholar Candrakirti, who then offered his own theories on its importance.BOOK, James Duerlinger, The Refutation of the Self in Indian Buddhism: CandrakÄ«rti on the Selflessness of Persons,weblink 2013, Routledge, 978-0-415-65749-5, 52â54, BOOK, Ronald W. Neufeldt, Karma and Rebirth: Post Classical Developments,weblink State University of New York Press, 978-1-4384-1445-4, 216â220,
Existence and non-existenceAnattÄ (no-self, without soul, no essence) is the nature of living beings, and this is one of the three marks of existence in Buddhism, along with Anicca (impermanence, nothing lasts) and Dukkha (suffering, unsatisfactoriness is innate in birth, aging, death, rebirth, redeath â the Saá¹sÄra cycle of existence).BOOK, Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism,weblink 2013, Princeton University Press, 978-1-4008-4805-8, 42â43, 581, BOOK, Grant Olson (Translator), Phra Payutto, Buddhadhamma: Natural Laws and Values for Life,weblink 1995, State University of New York Press, 978-0-7914-2631-9, 62â63, It is found in many texts of different Buddhist traditions, such as the Dhammapada â a canonical Buddhist text.BOOK, John Carter, Mahinda Palihawadana, Dhammapada,weblink 2008, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-955513-0, 30â31, 74, 80, Buddhism asserts with Four Noble Truths that there is a way out of this Saá¹sÄra.{{refn|group=note|name="Samsara"|On samsara, rebirth and redeath:* Paul Williams: "All rebirth is due to karma and is impermanent. Short of attaining enlightenment, in each rebirth one is born and dies, to be reborn elsewhere in accordance with the completely impersonal causal nature of one's own karma. The endless cycle of birth, rebirth, and redeath, is samsara."{{sfn|Williams|2002|p=74-75}}* Buswell and Lopez on "rebirth": "An English term that does not have an exact correlate in Buddhist languages, rendered instead by a range of technical terms, such as the Sanskrit PUNARJANMAN (lit. "birth again") and PUNABHAVAN (lit. "re-becoming"), and, less commonly, the related PUNARMRTYU (lit. "redeath")."{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2003|p=708}}See also Perry Schmidt-Leukel (2006) pages 32-34,{{sfn|Schmidt-Leukel|2006|p=32-34}} John J. Makransky (1997) p.27.{{sfn|Makransky|1997|p=27}} for the use of the term "redeath." The term Agatigati or Agati gati (plus a few other terms) is generally translated as 'rebirth, redeath'; see any Pali-English dictionary; e.g. pages 94-95 of Rhys Davids & William Stede, where they list five Sutta examples with rebirth and re-death sense.WEB,weblink Pali-English Dictionary, Thomas William Rhys, Davids, William, Stede, 1 January 1921, Motilal Banarsidass, Google Books, }}{{refn|group=note|name="Moksha"|Graham Harvey: "Siddhartha Gautama found an end to rebirth in this world of suffering. His teachings, known as the dharma in Buddhism, can be summarized in the Four Noble truths."{{sfn|Harvey|2016}} Geoffrey Samuel (2008): "The Four Noble Truths [...] describe the knowledge needed to set out on the path to liberation from rebirth."{{sfn|Samuel|2008|p=136}} See also {{sfn|Spiro|1982|p=42}}{{sfn|Vetter|1988|p=xxi, xxxi-xxxii}}{{sfn|Makransky|1997|p=27-28}}{{sfn|Williams|2002|p=74-75}}{{sfn|Lopez|2009|p=147}}{{sfn|Harvey|2016}}Thanissaro Bhikkhu, The Truth of Rebirth And Why it Matters for Buddhist Practice {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522055834weblink |date=2016-05-22 }}The Theravada tradition holds that insight into these four truths is liberating in itself.{{sfn|Carter|1987|p=3179}} This is reflected in the Pali canon.{{sfn|Anderson|2013}} According to Donald Lopez, "The Buddha stated in his first sermon that when he gained absolute and intuitive knowledge of the four truths, he achieved complete enlightenment and freedom from future rebirth."Donald Lopez, Four Noble Truths {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422075712weblink |date=2016-04-22 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica.The Maha-parinibbana Sutta also refers to this liberation.WEB,weblink Maha-parinibbana Sutta: Last Days of the Buddha, 2016-05-15,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110606001458weblink">weblink 2011-06-06, no, Carol Anderson: "The second passage where the four truths appear in the Vinaya-pitaka is also found in the Mahaparinibbana-sutta (D II 90-91). Here, the Buddha explains that it is by not understanding the four truths that rebirth continues."{{sfn|Anderson|2013|p=162 with note 38, for context see pages 1-3}} On the meaning of moksha as liberation from rebirth, see Patrick Olivelle in the Encyclopædia Britannica.Patrick Olivelle (2012), Encyclopædia Britannica, Moksha (Indian religions) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430005419weblink |date=2015-04-30 }}}}
Eternalism and annihilationismWhile the concept of soul in Hinduism (as atman) and Jainism (as jiva) is taken for granted, which is different from the Buddhist concept of no-soul, each of the three religions believed in rebirth and emphasized moral responsibility in different ways in contrast to pre-Buddhist materialistic schools of Indian philosophies.BOOK, Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism,weblink 2013, Princeton University Press, 978-1-4008-4805-8, 708â709, BOOK, Peter Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices,weblink 2012, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-85942-4, 32â33, 38â39, 46â49, The materialistic schools of Indian philosophies, such as Charvaka, are called annihilationist schools because they posited that death is the end, there is no afterlife, no soul, no rebirth, no karma, and death is that state where a living being is completely annihilated, dissolved.BOOK, Ray Billington, Understanding Eastern Philosophy,weblink 2002, Routledge, 978-1-134-79349-5, 43â44, 58â60, Buddha criticized the materialistic annihilationism view that denied rebirth and karma, states Damien Keown. Such beliefs are inappropriate and dangerous, stated Buddha, because they encourage moral irresponsibility and material hedonism.WEB, UcchedavÄda, ÅÄÅvata-vÄda, rebirth, in A Dictionary of Buddhism, Damien Keown, 2004, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-860560-7, Anatta does not mean there is no afterlife, no rebirth or no fruition of karma, and Buddhism contrasts itself to annihilationist schools. Buddhism also contrasts itself to other Indian religions that champion moral responsibility but posit eternalism with their premise that within each human being there is an essence or eternal soul, and this soul is part of the nature of a living being, existence and metaphysical reality.BOOK, Norman C. McClelland, Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma,weblink 2010, McFarland, 978-0-7864-5675-8, 89, BOOK, Hugh Nicholson, The Spirit of Contradiction in Christianity and Buddhism,weblink 2016, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-045534-7, 23â25, BOOK, Gananath Obeyesekere, Karma and Rebirth: A Cross Cultural Study,weblink 2006, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-2609-0, 281â282,
Karma, rebirth and anattÄ{{StagesFettersRebirths|notes=1}}The Buddha emphasized both karma and anatta doctrines."Selves & Not-self: The Buddhist Teaching on Anatta", by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013,weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204143026weblink |date=2013-02-04 }}The Buddha criticized the doctrine that posited an unchanging soul as a subject as the basis of rebirth and karmic moral responsibility, which he called "atthikavÄda". He also criticized the materialistic doctrine that denied the existence of both soul and rebirth, and thereby denied karmic moral responsibility, which he calls "natthikavÄda".David Kalupahana, Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. The University Press of Hawaii, 1975, page 44. Instead, the Buddha asserted that there is no soul, but there is rebirth for which karmic moral responsibility is a must. In the Buddha's framework of karma, right view and right actions are necessary for liberation.BOOK, Malcolm B. Hamilton, The Sociology of Religion: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives,weblink 12 June 2012, Routledge, 978-1-134-97626-3, 73â80, BOOK, Raju, P. T., 1985, Structural Depths of Indian Thought, State University of New York Press, 978-0-88706-139-4,weblink 147â151,
Developing the selfAccording to Peter Harvey, while the Suttas criticize notions of an eternal, unchanging Self as baseless, they see an enlightened being as one whose empirical self is highly developed.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 1995, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 54â56, This is paradoxical, states Harvey, in that "the Self-like nibbana state" is a mature self that knows "everything as Selfless". The "empirical self" is the citta (mind/heart, mindset, emotional nature), and the development of self in the Suttas is the development of this citta.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 1995, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 111â112, One with "great self", state the early Buddhist Suttas, has a mind which is neither at the mercy of outside stimuli nor its own moods, neither scattered nor diffused, but imbued with self-control, and self-contained towards the single goal of nibbana and a 'Self-like' state. This "great self" is not yet an Arahat, because he still does small evil action which leads to karmic fruition, but he has enough virtue that he does not experience this fruition in hell.An Arahat, states Harvey, has a fully enlightened state of empirical self, one that lacks the "sense of both 'I am' and 'this I am'", which are illusions that the Arahat has transcended.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 1995, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 31â32, 44, 50â51, 71, 210â216, 246, The Buddhist thought and salvation theory emphasizes a development of self towards a Selfless state not only with respect to oneself, but recognizing the lack of relational essence and Self in others, wherein states Martijn van Zomeren, "self is an illusion".BOOK, Martijn van Zomeren, From Self to Social Relationships: An Essentially Relational Perspective on Social Motivation,weblink 2016, Cambridge University Press, 978-1-107-09379-9, 156, , Quote: Buddhism is an example of a non-theistic religion, which underlies a cultural matrix in which individuals believe that the self is an illusion. Indeed, its anatta doctrine states that the self is not an essence.
Anatman in Theravada BuddhismTheravada Buddhism scholars, states Oliver Leaman, consider the AnattÄ doctrine as one of the main theses of Buddhism.The Buddhist denial of "any Soul or Self" is what distinguishes Buddhism from major religions of the world such as Christianity and Hinduism, giving it uniqueness, asserts the Theravada tradition. With the doctrine of AnattÄ, stands or falls the entire Buddhist structure, asserts Nyanatiloka.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 5, According to Collins, "insight into the teaching of anatta is held to have two major loci in the intellectual and spiritual education of an individual" as s/he progresses along the Path. The first part of this insight is to avoid sakkayaditthi (Personality Belief), that is converting the "sense of I which is gained from introspection and the fact of physical individuality" into a theoretical belief in a self. "A belief in a (really) existing body" is considered a false belief and a part of the Ten Fetters that must be gradually lost. The second loci is the psychological realisation of anatta, or loss of "pride or conceit". This, states Collins, is explained as the conceit of asmimana or "I am"; (...) what this "conceit" refers to is the fact that for the unenlightened man, all experience and action must necessarily appear phenomenologically as happening to or originating from an "I". When a Buddhist gets more enlightened, this happening to or originating in an "I" or sakkdyaditthi is less. The final attainment of enlightenment is the disappearance of this automatic but illusory "I".BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 93â94, The Theravada tradition has long considered the understanding and application of the Anatta doctrine to be a complex teaching, whose "personal, introjected application has always been thought to be possible only for the specialist, the practising monk". The tradition, states Collins, has "insisted fiercely on anatta as a doctrinal position", while in practice it may not play much of a role in the daily religious life of most Buddhists.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 94â96, The Suttas present the doctrine in three forms. First, they apply the "no-self, no-identity" doctrine to all phenomena as well as any and all objects, yielding the idea that "all things are not-self" (sabbe dhamma anatta). Second, states Collins, the Suttas apply the doctrine to deny self of any person, treating conceit to be evident in any assertion of "this is mine, this I am, this is myself" (etam mamam eso 'ham asmi, eso me atta ti).BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 96â97, Third, the Theravada texts apply the doctrine as a nominal reference, to identify examples of "self" and "not-self", respectively the Wrong view and the Right view; this third case of nominative usage is properly translated as "self" (as an identity) and is unrelated to "soul", states Collins. The first two usages incorporate the idea of soul.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 3â5, 35â36, 109â116, 163, 193, The Theravada doctrine of Anatta, or not-self not-soul, inspire meditative practices for monks, states Donald Swearer, but for the lay Theravada Buddhists in Southeast Asia, the doctrines of kamma, rebirth and punna (merit) inspire a wide range of ritual practices and ethical behavior.BOOK, Donald K. Swearer, Buddhist World of Southeast Asia, The: Second Edition,weblink 2012, State University of New York Press, 978-1-4384-3252-6, 2â3, The Anatta doctrine is key to the concept of nirvana (nibbana) in the Theravada tradition. The liberated nirvana state, states Collins, is the state of Anatta, a state that is neither universally applicable nor can be explained, but can be realized.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 82â84, {{Refn|group=note|This is a major difference between the Theravada Buddhists and different Hindu traditions which assert that nirvana is realizing and being in the state of self (soul, atman) and is universally applicable. However, both concur that this state is indescribable, cannot be explained, but can be realized.BOOK, Steven Collins, Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism,weblink 1990, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-39726-1, 81â82, JOURNAL, Loy, David, Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta, International Philosophical Quarterly, Philosophy Documentation Center, 22, 1, 1982, 65â74, 10.5840/ipq19822217, }}
Current disputes{{See also|Buddhism in Thailand}}The dispute about "self" and "not-self" doctrines has continued throughout the history of Buddhism.BOOK, Potprecha Cholvijarn, NibbÄna as True Reality beyond the Debate,weblink Wat Luang Phor Sodh, 978-974-350-263-7, 45, It is possible, states Johannes Bronkhorst, that "original Buddhism did not deny the existence of the soul", even though a firm Buddhist tradition has maintained that the Buddha avoided talking about the soul or even denied its existence.BOOK, Johannes Bronkhorst, The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India,weblink 1993, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1114-0, 99 with footnote 12, While there may be ambivalence on the existence or non-existence of self in early Buddhist literature, adds Bronkhorst, it is clear from these texts that seeking self-knowledge is not the Buddhist path for liberation, but turning away from what might erroneously be regarded as the self is. This is a reverse position to the Vedic traditions which recognized the knowledge of the self as "the principal means to achieving liberation".BOOK, Johannes Bronkhorst, Buddhist Teaching in India,weblink 2009, Wisdom Publications, 978-0-86171-811-5, 25, In Thai Theravada Buddhism, for example, states Paul Williams, some modern era Buddhist scholars have claimed that "nirvana is indeed the true Self", while other Thai Buddhists disagree.{{sfn|Williams|2008|pp=125â7}} For instance, the Dhammakaya Movement in Thailand teaches that it is erroneous to subsume nirvana under the rubric of anatta (non-self); instead, nirvana is taught to be the "true self" or dhammakaya.{{sfn|Mackenzie|2007|pp=100â5, 110}} The Dhammakaya Movement teaching that nirvana is atta, or true self, was criticized as heretical in Buddhism in 1994 by Ven. Payutto, a well-known scholar monk, who stated that 'Buddha taught nibbana as being non-self".{{sfn|Mackenzie|2007|p=51}}{{Sfn|Williams|2008|p=127-128}} The abbot of one major temple in the Dhammakaya Movement, Luang Por Sermchai of Wat Luang Por Sodh Dhammakayaram, argues that it tends to be scholars who hold the view of absolute non-self, rather than Buddhist meditation practitioners. He points to the experiences of prominent forest hermit monks to support the notion of a "true self".{{Sfn|Williams|2008|p=127-128}} Similar interpretations on the "true self" were put forth earlier by the 12th Supreme Patriarch of Thailand in 1939. According to Williams, the Supreme Patriarch's interpretation echoes the tathÄgatagarbha sutras.{{sfn|Williams|2008|p=126}}Several notable teachers of the Thai Forest Tradition have also described ideas in contrast to absolute non-self. Ajahn Maha Bua, a well known meditation master, described the citta (mind) as being an indestructible reality that does not fall under anattÄ.pp. 101â103 Maha Boowa, Arahattamagga, Arahattaphala: the Path to Arahantship â A Compilation of Venerable Acariya Maha Boowaâs Dhamma Talks about His Path of Practice, translated by Bhikkhu Silaratano, 2005,weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327073822weblink |date=2009-03-27 }} (consulted 16 March 2009) He has stated that not-self is merely a perception that is used to pry one away from infatuation with the concept of a self, and that once this infatuation is gone the idea of not-self must be dropped as well.{{Citation|last=UWE STOES|title=Thanassaro Bhikkhu|date=2015-04-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S40nS_0R9Y&t=4545s|accessdate=2017-09-30}} American monk Thanissaro Bhikkhu of the Thai Forest Tradition describes the Buddha's statements on non-self as a path to awakening rather than a universal truth. Thanissaro Bhikkhu states that the Buddha intentionally set the question of whether or not there is a self aside as a useless question, and that clinging to the idea that there is no self at all would actually prevent enlightenment.NEWS,weblink "There is no self.", Bhikkhu, Thanissaro, Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, 2018-08-19, en-US,weblink 2018-08-19, no, Scholars Alexander Wynne and Rupert Gethin also take a similar position as Thanissaro Bhikkhu, arguing that the Buddha's description of non-self in the five aggregates do not necessarily mean there is no self, stating that the five aggregates are not descriptions of a human being but phenomena for one to observe. Wynne argues that the Buddha's statements on anattÄ are a "not-self" teaching rather than a "no-self" teaching.JOURNAL, Wynne, Alexander, 2009, Early Evidence for the âno selfâ doctrine?,weblink Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 63â64, 2017-04-22,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170602145336weblink">weblink 2017-06-02, no, Thanissaro Bhikkhu points to the Ananda Sutta, where the Buddha stays silent when asked whether there is a 'self' or not,WEB,weblink Ananda Sutta: To Ananda, www.accesstoinsight.org, en, 2017-05-14,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170510092025weblink">weblink 2017-05-10, no, as a major cause of the dispute.WEB,weblink Introduction to the Avyakata Samyutta: (Undeclared-connected), www.accesstoinsight.org, en, 2017-05-14,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170508212946weblink">weblink 2017-05-08, no, In Thailand, this dispute on the nature of teachings about 'self' and 'non-self' in Buddhism has led to arrest warrants, attacks and threats.{{sfn|Mackenzie|2007|p=51â2}}
Anatman in Mahayana Buddhism
{{see also|sunyata}}There are many different views of Anatta ({{zh|c=ç¡æ|p=wúwÇ}}; Japanese: ç¡æ muga) within various Mahayana schools.King, R., Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism: The Mahayana Context of the Gaudapadiya-Karika (Albany: SUNY Press, 1995), p. 97 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101164333weblink |date=2016-11-01 }}.Nagarjuna, the founder of Madhyamaka (middle way) school of Mahayana Buddhism, analyzed dharma first as factors of experience. He, states David Kalupahana, analyzed how these experiences relate to "bondage and freedom, action and consequence", and thereafter analyzed the notion of personal self (attÄ, Ätman).BOOK, NÄgÄrjuna, David J. Kalupahana (Translator), MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ of NÄgÄrjuna,weblink 1996, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-0774-7, 56, Nagarjuna asserted that the notion of a self is associated with the notion of one's own identity and corollary ideas of pride, selfishness and a sense of psychophysical personality. This is all false, and leads to bondage in his Madhyamaka thought. There can be no pride nor possessiveness, in someone who accepts AnattÄ and denies "self" which is the sense of personal identity of oneself, others or anything, states Nagarjuna.BOOK, David Loy, Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays,weblink 2009, State University of New York Press, 978-1-4384-2680-8, 105â106, , Quote: Nagarjuna, the second century Indian Buddhist philosopher, used shunyata not to characterize the true nature of reality but to deny that anything has any self-existence or reality of its own. Further, all obsessions are avoided when a person accepts emptiness (sunyata).BOOK, David Loy, Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays,weblink 2009, State University of New York Press, 978-1-4384-2680-8, 36â38, Nagarjuna denied there is anything called a self-nature as well as other-nature, emphasizing true knowledge to be comprehending emptiness.BOOK, Diane Morgan, The Buddhist Experience in America,weblink 2004, Greenwood, 978-0-313-32491-8, 46, BOOK, David F. Burton, Emptiness Appraised: A Critical Study of Nagarjuna's Philosophy,weblink 2015, Routledge, 978-1-317-72322-6, 31â32, 48 with footnote 38, Anyone who has not dissociated from his belief in personality in himself or others, through the concept of self, is in a state of Avidya (ignorance) and caught in the cycle of rebirths and redeaths.BOOK, NÄgÄrjuna, David J. Kalupahana (Translator), MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ of NÄgÄrjuna,weblink 1996, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-0774-7, 56â59, BOOK, Ian Harris, The Continuity of Madhyamaka and YogÄcÄra in Indian MahÄyÄna Buddhism,weblink 1991, BRILL Academic, 90-04-09448-2, 146â147, The early Mahayana Buddhism texts link their discussion of "emptiness" (shunyata) to Anatta and Nirvana. They do so, states Mun-Keat Choong, in three ways: first, in the common sense of a monk's meditative state of emptiness; second, with the main sense of Anatta or 'everything in the world is empty of self'; third, with the ultimate sense of Nirvana or realization of emptiness and thus an end to rebirth cycles of suffering.BOOK, Mun-Keat Choong, The Notion of Emptiness in Early Buddhism,weblink 1999, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1649-7, 1â4, 85â88, The Anatta doctrine is another aspect of shunyata, its realization is the nature of the nirvana state and to an end to rebirths.BOOK, Ray Billington, Understanding Eastern Philosophy,weblink 2002, Routledge, 978-1-134-79348-8, 58â60, BOOK, David Loy, Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays,weblink 2009, State University of New York Press, 978-1-4384-2680-8, 35â39, BOOK, Stephan Schuhmacher, The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen,weblink 1994, Shambhala, 978-0-87773-980-7, 12,
Tathagatagarbha Sutras: Buddha is True SelfSome 1st-millennium CE Buddhist texts suggest concepts that have been controversial because they imply a "self-like" concept.BOOK,weblink Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge, 2008, 978-1-134-25056-1, 125â127, Paul Williams, BOOK, S. K. Hookham, The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga,weblink 1991, State University of New York Press, 978-0-7914-0357-0, 100â104, In particular are the TathÄgatagarbha sÅ«tras, where the title itself means a garbha (womb, matrix, seed) containing Tathagata (Buddha). These Sutras suggest, states Paul Williams, that 'all sentient beings contain a Tathagata' as their 'essence, core or essential inner nature'.BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 104, The Tathagatagarbha doctrine, at its earliest probably appeared about the later part of the 3rd century CE, and is verifiable in Chinese translations of 1st millennium CE. Most scholars consider the Tathagatagarbha doctrine of an 'essential nature' in every living being is equivalent to 'Self',{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}{{refn|group=note|Wayman and Wayman have disagreed with this view, and they state that the Tathagatagarbha is neither self nor sentient being, nor soul, nor personality.BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 107, }} and it contradicts the Anatta doctrines in a vast majority of Buddhist texts, leading scholars to posit that the Tathagatagarbha Sutras were written to promote Buddhism to non-Buddhists.BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 104â105, 108, BOOK, Merv Fowler, Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices,weblink 1999, Sussex Academic Press, 978-1-898723-66-0, 101â102, , Quote: "Some texts of the tathagatagarbha literature, such as the Mahaparinirvana Sutra actually refer to an atman, though other texts are careful to avoid the term. This would be in direct opposition to the general teachings of Buddhism on anatta. Indeed, the distinctions between the general Indian concept of atman and the popular Buddhist concept of Buddha-nature are often blurred to the point that writers consider them to be synonymous."The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra explicitly asserts that the Buddha used the term "Self" in order to win over non-Buddhist ascetics.BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 109, Quote: "... it refers to the Buddha using the term "Self" in order to win over non-Buddhist ascetics."BOOK, John W. Pettit, Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection,weblink 1999, Simon and Schuster, 978-0-86171-157-4, 48â49, The RatnagotravibhÄga (also known as Uttaratantra), another text composed in the first half of 1st millennium CE and translated into Chinese in 511 CE, points out that the teaching of the Tathagatagarbha doctrine is intended to win sentient beings over to abandoning "self-love" (atma-sneha) â considered to be one of the defects by Buddhism.BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 109â112, BOOK, Christopher Bartley, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Hindu and Buddhist Ideas from Original Sources,weblink 2015, Bloomsbury Academic, 978-1-4725-2437-9, 105, The 6th-century Chinese Tathagatagarbha translation states that "Buddha has shiwo (True Self) which is beyond being and nonbeing". However, the RatnagotravibhÄga asserts that the "Self" implied in Tathagatagarbha doctrine is actually "not-Self".BOOK, Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,weblink 2008, Routledge, 978-1-134-25056-1, 112, BOOK, S. K. Hookham, The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga,weblink 1991, State University of New York Press, 978-0-7914-0357-0, 96, According to some scholars, the Buddha-nature discussed in these sutras does not represent a substantial self; rather, it is a positive language and expression of ÅÅ«nyatÄ "emptiness" and represents the potentiality to realize Buddhahood through Buddhist practices. Other scholars do in fact detect leanings towards monism in these tathagatagarbha references.Jamie Hubbard, Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood, University of Hawaiâi Press, Honolulu, 2001, pp. 99-100 Michael Zimmermann sees the notion of an unperishing and eternal self in the Tathagatagarbha Sutra.Zimmermann, Michael (2002), weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131111023508weblink"> A Buddha Within: The TathÄgatagarbhasÅ«tra, Biblotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica VI, The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, p. 64 Zimmermann also avers that 'the existence of an eternal, imperishable self, that is, buddhahood, is definitely the basic point of the Tathagatagarbha Sutra'.Michael Zimmermann, A Buddha Within, p. 64 He further indicates that there is no evident interest found in this sutra in the idea of Emptiness (sunyata).Zimmermann, A Buddha Within, p. 81 Williams states that the "Self" in Tathagatagarbha Sutras is actually "non-Self", and neither identical nor comparable to the Hindu concepts of Brahman and Self.
Anatman in Vajrayana Buddhism(File:Guimet Havajra y Nairatmya 01.JPG|thumb|240px|Tibetan and Nepalese Buddhist deities Nairatmya and Hevajra in an embrace. Nairatmya is the goddess of emptiness, and of Anatta (non-self, non-soul, selflessness) realization.BOOK, Kun-Dga'-Bstan, Kunga Tenpay Nyima, Jared Rhoton, The Three Levels of Spiritual Perception: A Commentary on the Three Visions,weblink 2003, Simon and Schuster, 978-0-86171-368-4, 392, )The Anatta or Anatman doctrine is extensively discussed in and partly inspires the ritual practices of the Vajrayana tradition. The Tibetan terms such as bdag med refer to "without a self, insubstantial, anatman".BOOK, Garab Dorje, The Golden Letters: The Three Statements of Garab Dorje, the First Teacher of Dzogchen, Together with a Commentary by,weblink 1996, Snow Lion Publications, 978-1-55939-050-7, 319, These discussions, states Jeffrey Hopkins, assert the "non-existence of a permanent, unitary and independent self", and attribute these ideas to the Buddha.BOOK, Jeffrey Hopkins, Absorption in No External World,weblink 2006, Snow Lion Publications, 978-1-55939-946-3, 400â405, The ritual practices in Vajrayana Buddhism employs the concept of deities, to end self-grasping, and to manifest as a purified, enlightened deity as part of the Vajrayana path to liberation from rebirths.BOOK, Khenchen Konchog Gyaltshen, A Complete Guide to the Buddhist Path,weblink 2010, Snow Lion Publications, 978-1-55939-790-2, 259â261, BOOK, Karma-Ran-Byun-Kun-Khyab-Phrin-Las, Denis Tondrup, Luminous Mind: The Way of the Buddha,weblink 1997, Simon and Schuster, 978-0-86171-118-5, 204â206, BOOK, Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, Essence of Vajrayana: The Highest Yoga Tantra Practice of Heruka Body Mandala,weblink 2000, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1729-6, 140â143, One such deity is goddess Nairatmya (literally, non-soul, non-self).BOOK, John A. Grimes, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English,weblink 1996, State University of New York Press, 978-0-7914-3067-5, 199, BOOK, A. K. Warder, Indian Buddhism,weblink 2000, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1741-8, 473â474, BOOK, Asaá¹ ga, Janice Dean Willis, On Knowing Reality: The TattvÄrtha Chapter of Asaá¹ ga's BodhisattvabhÅ«mi,weblink 2002, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-1106-5, 24, She symbolizes, states Miranda Shaw, that "self is an illusion" and "all beings and phenomenal appearances lack an abiding self or essence" in Vajrayana Buddhism.BOOK, Miranda Eberle Shaw, Buddhist Goddesses of India,weblink 2006, Princeton University Press, 0-691-12758-1, 387â390,
Anatta â a difference between Buddhism and HinduismAnatta is a central doctrine of Buddhism.BOOK, Elliot Turiel, The Culture of Morality: Social Development, Context, and Conflict,weblink 2002, Cambridge University Press, 978-1-139-43266-5, 234, , Quote: "A central doctrine of Theravada Buddhism is Anatta, [...]"BOOK, Nyanatiloka Thera, Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines,weblink 2004, Buddhist Publication Society, 978-955-24-0019-3, 15, , Quote: "anatta [...] This is the central doctrine of Buddhism, without understanding which a real knowledge of Buddhism is altogether impossible.";For the development of anatta concept to the key doctrine of sunyata in Mahayana: BOOK, Kenneth Fleming, Asian Christian theologians in dialogue with Buddhism,weblink 2002, P. Lang, 978-3-906768-42-7, 26â27, BOOK, Trevor Ling, A History of Religion East and West: An Introduction and Interpretation,weblink 1969, Palgrave Macmillan, 978-1-349-15290-2, 86â87, , Quote: "2.32 The essentials of early Buddhist doctrine [...] third, anatta, or the absence of a permanent enduring private self (atta) within the human individual. This last is the doctrine which most clearly distinguished the teaching of the Buddha from other contemporary schools of thought, and especially from Upanisadic thought, in which the affirmation of the soul or self (Sanskrit: atman; Pali: atta) within the human individual and its identification with the world-soul, or brahman, was the central doctrine. [...]" It marks one of the major differences between Buddhism and Hinduism. According to the anatta doctrine of Buddhism, at the core of all human beings and living creatures, there is no "eternal, essential and absolute something called a soul, self or atman".John C. Plott et al (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120801585}}, page 63, Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ätman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism".Helen J Baroni (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-8239-2240-6}}, page 14 Buddhism, from its earliest days, has denied the existence of the "self, soul" in its core philosophical and ontological texts. In its soteriological themes, Buddhism has defined nirvana as that blissful state when a person, amongst other things, realizes that he or she has "no self, no soul".David Loy (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 1, pages 65-74The traditions within Hinduism believe in Atman. The pre-Buddhist Upanishads of Hinduism assert that there is a permanent Atman, and is an ultimate metaphysical reality.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 2013, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 34, 38, This sense of self, is expressed as "I am" in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.1, states Peter Harvey, when nothing existed before the start of the universe. The Upanishadic scriptures hold that this soul or self is underlying the whole world. At the core of all human beings and living creatures, assert the Hindu traditions, there is "eternal, innermost essential and absolute something called a soul, self that is atman." Within the diverse schools of Hinduism, there are differences of perspective on whether souls are distinct, whether Supreme Soul or God exists, whether the nature of Atman is dual or non-dual, and how to reach moksha. However, despite their internal differences, one shared foundational premise of Hinduism is that "soul, self exists", and that there is bliss in seeking this self, knowing self, and self-realization.Sengaku Mayeda (2000), Sankara and Buddhism, in New Perspectives on Advaita VedÄnta (Editors: Richard V. De Smet, Bradley J. Malkovsky), Brill Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004116665}}, pages 18-29}}Both Buddhism and Hinduism distinguish ego-related "I am, this is mine", from their respective abstract doctrines of "Anatta" and "Atman". This, states Peter Harvey, may have been an influence of Buddhism on Hinduism.BOOK, Peter Harvey, The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism,weblink 2013, Routledge, 978-1-136-78336-4, 34, , Quote: "The post-Buddhist Matri Upanishad holds that only defiled individual self, rather than the universal one, thinks 'this is I' or 'this is mine'. This is very reminiscent of Buddhism, and may well have been influenced by it to divorce the universal Self from such egocentric associations".
Anatman and NiratmanThe term niratman appears in the Maitrayaniya Upanishad of Hinduism, such as in verses 6.20, 6.21 and 7.4. Niratman literally means "selfless".BOOK, Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Motilal Banarsidass, Paul Deussen, 1980, 361, 978-81-208-1468-4, BOOK, Thomas E. Wood, The MÄá¹á¸Å«kya Upaniá¹£ad and the Ägama ÅÄstra: An Investigation Into the Meaning of the VedÄnta,weblink 1992, Motilal Banarsidass, 978-81-208-0930-7, 67â68, The niratman concept has been interpreted to be analogous to anatman of Buddhism.JOURNAL, =Shinkan Murakami, Niratman and anatman, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku BukkyÅgaku KenkyÅ«), 1971, 19, 2, 61â68, The ontological teachings, however, are different. In the Upanishad, states Thomas Wood, numerous positive and negative descriptions of various states â such as niratman and sarvasyatman (the self of all) â are used in Maitrayaniya Upanishad to explain the nondual concept of the "highest Self". According to Ramatirtha, states Paul Deussen, the niratman state discussion is referring to stopping the recognition of oneself as an individual soul, and reaching the awareness of universal soul or the metaphysical Brahman.BOOK, Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Motilal Banarsidass, Paul Deussen, 1980, 358â359 introductory note, 361 with footnote 1, 380, 978-81-208-1468-4,
Correspondence in PyrrhonismThe Greek philosopher Pyrrho traveled to India as part of Alexander the Great's entourage where he was influenced by the Indian gymnosophists, JOURNAL,weblink Pyrrho, Bett, Richard, Zalta, Edward, Winter 2014, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, February 19, 2018, which inspired him to create the philosophy of Pyrrhonism. Philologist Christopher Beckwith has demonstrated that Pyrrho based his philosophy on his translation of the three marks of existence into Greek, and that adiaphora (not logically differentiable, not clearly definable, negating Aristotle's use of "diaphora") reflects Pyrrho's understanding of the Buddhist concept of anatta.BOOK, Beckwith, Christopher I., Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia, Princeton University Press, 2015, 22-59,weblink 9781400866328,
See also{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- Ahamkara
- Anicca
- Asceticism
- Atman (Buddhism)
- Atman (Hinduism)
- Dukkha
- Enlightenment (religious)
- Jiva
- Nirvana
- Non-essentialism
- Mahaparinirvana Sutra
- Skandhas
- Tathagatagarbha
- Teletransportation paradox
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External links
- Nirvana Sutra, Kosho Yamamoto's English translation of the MahÄyÄna MahÄparinirvÄá¹a SÅ«tra
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- "anatta" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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As we know that JavaScript is a programming language which permits the user to make..
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I love celebrating Halloween with my kids. Both of my kids do not enjoy being spooked with scary masks or things that go bump in the night, but rather they enjoy the more whimsical side of Halloween. This year, we were especially lucky that my editor at DIY Network had kid-friendly Halloween crafts in mind and our friends at Shari's Berries sent along a treat to top off our day of crafting. It was a fun day filled with tricks and treats.
Tag / Halloween
DIY: Cinderella Succulent Topped Pumpkins
Last fall, I created the most fantastic succulent topped pumpkin for HGTV Gardens. It was so much fun and I loved seeing how it all came together so easily. This month I'll be at the Country Living Fair doing a live demonstration on Saturday afternoon to share how simple and easy it is for you to create succulent topped pumpkins at home. I love creating each and everyone. No two succulent topped pumpkins are ever alike.
It's hard to believe that Halloween will be here in just about two weeks! Where has this year gone? A few weeks ago when I was hanging out at our local craft store looking for inspiration, I discovered that all the metal gardening hooks and planters were on sale for fifty percent off. Of course, I love a good bargain and I scooped up a few of these darling miniature shepherd's hooks. Surely, they were versatile for use in my crafting adventures and also in the garden. In my mind, I had conjured up the most darling craft, pumpkin lanterns.
Happy first day of October! This week, I wanted to share a sweet spiderweb doormat that I made for HGTV Gardens complete with its very own spider! I thought that this would be a fun way to greet trick or treaters and fall's guests.
Black Candy Apples
As the arrival of fall nears, we begin to think about the delicious treats of autumn. In our house, apple picking and candy apples go hand in hand. This year, I decided to put a twist on traditional and make spooky apples. I turned our traditional red candy apples into spooky black candy apples!
Thanks for dropping in today. This week I'm sharing a wreath that I made for HGTV Gardens. I wanted to create a beautiful wreath that could transition from Halloween all the way through Thanksgiving. Having a versatile wreath like this helps to keep cost down and decorating dilemmas at bay.
Halloween preparations took up most of the day along with a few errands. When I went to grab the kids a snack after school, I noticed that Tilly's egg was shrouded by a dainty Silkie feather. It was as though it had its own Halloween costume. It was beautiful. So pretty, that I snapped this photo inside of the fridge.